Abstract:
An earth-moving machine, includes a bogie. A superstructure is supported on the bogie. The superstructure is divided into a stationary part, and a pivotable part swivelable about a horizontal axis. A working attachment is connected one of directly and indirectly to the pivotable part. A counterweight is attached to the pivotable part.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The invention relates to an earth-moving machine, such as a cable dredger, hydraulic dredger, ditcher or backhoe, loading shovel or front loader or the like, with a bogie optionally connected to a moving gear, on which a superstructure that is optionally pivotable about a vertical axis is supported, on which among other elements a working gear or attachment, operatively connected to a counterweight, is provided. 
     German Patent Disclosure DE-OS 32 32 163 relates to a hydraulically driven digger or dredger that, to increase its performance with neutralization of its own weight, has mechanical-hydraulic working elements, such as compression springs, leaf springs, tension springs or counterweights, by which the intrinsic weight of the cantilever arm together with the attachment (shovel, gripper, chisel and other parts) is cancelled out with respect to force. An extension can be attached to the cantilever suspension and a counterweight mounted on it, whose weight depends on the size of the cantilever arm and gear. By neutralizing the intrinsic weight of the cantilever arm, the basically necessary transport and the requisite associated attendant important of energy is now no longer necessary. Not only does this free up additional performance capacity, but considerable driving energy can also be spared, while the work done remains the same. 
     The gear and counterweight here are supported on a common support block on the superstructure, and a hydraulic ram is provided between the superstructure and the gear, the ram optionally cooperating with a spring. A disadvantage here proves to be that because of the geometrical arrangement and the pivotability of the counterweight above the superstructure, the stability of the equipment with the counterweight raised is fundamentally questionable. 
     Examined German Patent Disclosure DE-AS 19 17 434 relates to an earth-moving machine, such as a digger or dredger or the like, with a rotary device, disposed on a moving gear, that carries a revolving tower containing the working device and a counterweight. A vertically oriented adjustable parallelogram support is disposed between the rotary device and the revolving tower. The support it comprises two parallel arms, pivotably connected on one end to a platform located on the rotary device and on the other to the revolving tower. Between one of the arms and the platform or the revolving tower, a piston-cylinder arrangement is provided. The parallelogram and thus the shifting of the counterweight or components of the superstructure are adapted each time to a given working situation or transport purpose, so that in the final analysis, since an operative connection between the gear and the counterweight is lacking, the engineering expense is relatively high. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The object of the invention is to improve an earth-moving machine in such a way that the potential energy of the particular working cycle is stored by simple constructive means, so that it can be employed usefully again in the next cycle. 
     According to the invention, this object is attained in that the superstructure is divided into a stationary part, optionally rotatable about the vertical axis, and a part swivelable about a horizontal axis, wherein the swivelable part is connected indirectly or directly to the working gear. 
     The subject of the invention is usefully employed in all earth-moving machines, in particular cable dredgers, hydraulic dredgers, backhoes and front loaders. The rocker, depending on the particular equipment, is either supported as an integral component on a support block, or else a division of the gear and pivotable section is made, each section then being supported separately on a support block and connected to one another by suitable connecting elements, such as cables, chains or hydraulic cylinders. 
     The subject of the invention is shown in terms of an exemplary embodiment in the drawing and will be described as follows. 
    
    
     BRIEFS DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     Shown are: 
     FIGS. 1 and 2--front loader with various positions of the gear, in the form of a basic sketch; 
     FIGS. 3 and 4--a basic sketch of a backhoe with various positions for the gear. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     FIGS. 1 and 2 as basic sketches show a hydraulic dredger 1 embodied as a front loader, which essentially is made up of the following components: a bogie 3, connected to a track-type moving gear 2, a slewing ring 4, a stationary superstructure section 5 with a cab 6, with the superstructure section 5 being pivotable relative to the bogie 3 about the vertical axis 7. A pivotable section (swivelable component) 10, comprising components in the form of a motor 8, a counterweight 9, and hydraulics (not shown here), is connected, forming a kind of rocker, to the working gear or attachment (i.e., operating attachment) 11, which carries the loading bucket 12 in the region of its free end. The components 10 and 11 are thus pivotable about a common horizontal axis 13, merely suggested here, but at the same time are rotatable together with the stationary superstructure section 5 about the vertical axis 7. Since the swivelable component 11 comprises the counterweight 9, the counterweight is movable around the horizontal axis along a circular arc having a predetermined radius when the swivelable component is pivoted. The zero position of the pivotable section 10 is represented here by the dashed line 14, and the vertical distance between this zero position 14 and the top edge 14&#39; of the bogie 3 is marked V. Because of this vertical distance, a pivot angle α of more than 45° is attainable. 
     The dividing of the pivot angle α here is approximately 1/2;  that is, the pivot angle of the pivotable section 10 upward, with respect to the zero position 14, is twice as high as downward. The distance a between the center of gravity 15 of the pivotable section 10 and the tilt axis, in this view shown as a tilting point 35, forms the ratio 
     
         a/b&gt;1 
    
     with respect to the distance b of the center of gravity 16 of the gear 11 from the tilt point 35. 
     The height to weight ratio of the pivotable section 10 to the gear 11 in this example is approximately equal to the value 
     
         h.sub.1 ×m.sub.a /h.sub.b ×m.sub.b =approximately 0.7, 
    
     wherein h a  is a distance between the center of gravity (15) of the pivotable part (10, 23), in a raised position, and a horizontal zero position of the pivotable part (10, 23); m a  is the mass of the pivotable part (10; 23); h b  is a distance between the center of gravity (16) of the working attachment (11, 26) in a position of repose, and the center of gravity (16) of the working attachment in a raised position (11, 23); and m b  is the mass of the working attachment (11, 26), including a load carried by it. 
     FIGS. 3 and 4 as basic sketches show the superstructure region 17 of a backhoe 18. The superstructure region 17 is formed of a stationary section 19, rotatable about a vertical axis 20 that is merely suggested in the drawing, which section is provided with two support blocks 21, 22. The pivotable section 23, merely suggested here, is pivotable about the horizontal axis 24 of the support block 22, and the attachment 26 cooperating with the excavator bucket 25 is pivotable about the horizontal axis 27 of the support block 21. A raised region 28 is provided in the region of the support block 22; this region carries a deflection disk 29, about which a cable 32, secured at deflection i.e., articulation points 30 and 31 to the attachment 26 and the pivotable section 23, respectively, can be deflected. Alternatively, a hydraulic cylinder can be located in a region between the stationary part of the superstructure (5) and the pivotable part, and be connected to a hydraulic ram used for actuating the working attachment. The distance c of the center of gravity 36 of the pivotable section 23 from the tilt axis, shown in this view as a tilt point 37, forms the ratio 
     
         c/d&gt;1 
    
     with respect to the distance d of the center of gravity 38 of the attachment 26 from the tilt point 37. 
     Once again, the height to weight ratio of the pivotable section 23 to the attachment 26 is 
     
         h.sub.a ×m.sub.a /h.sub.b ×m.sub.b =approximately 0.7 
    
     and the pivotable angle α is approximately 45° then. 
     FIG. 4 also, in suggested fashion, shows the bogie 34 equipped with a track-type moving gear 33.