Abstract:
Systems, methods, and computer readable medium are described for performing an action based on determining that the contents of a first image collection and a second image collection are similar. In one aspect, the present disclosure relates to comparing digests representing the two image collections to determine proximity. The digest may be obtained and the comparison made at either a collection sharing device or at a proxy server. The actions performed based on a proximity determination may comprise notifying a user of a first collection sharing device of the availability of other collection sharing devices, or the retrieval of one or more images from the other image collections. In another aspect of the present disclosure, proximity may be measured by comparing subject faces comparing in a first image collection to the faces present in a second image collection.

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     The present application claims priority from U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/379,379 filed on Sep. 1, 2010, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE 
     The present disclosure relates to performing an action based on proximity matching between two image collections available on two collection sharing devices respectively. In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the action performed comprises obtaining image data from the second collection sharing device at the first collection sharing device. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE 
     In recent years there has been an enormous increase in the in the amount of digital images being captured. This increase has been fueled by decreasing digital camera prices, increases in quality and ease of use of digital cameras, and the broad adoption of digital image capture features in cell smartphones at all price levels. This proliferation of digital imaging content has exacerbated the long standing problem of sharing digital images with those who would desire to view them. 
     Many companies, technologies, and approaches have emerged to address this issue of image sharing. Some companies have taken an image centric centralized approach whereby users upload images to a server and invite other uses to come and view the images. Examples of companies taking this approach include ShutterFly™, Snapfish™, Flickr™, and the like. Other companies take a user centric social approach, whereby existing friend connections may be exploited to distribute images. Examples of companies taking this approach include FaceBook™, MySpace™, and the like. 
     The problem with these traditional approaches is that they require considerable effort by the sharing user and are not pre-emptive in nature. Predominately, the users must go looking for the images they are interested in instead of the images finding them. These traditional approaches also fail to make connections between users based on the content of their image collections. 
     SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE 
     With the proliferation of electronic devices capable of capturing, storing, and sharing digital images, there is a need for improved methods of sharing digital images requiring minimal effort from users. In the present disclosure, methods systems, and non transitory computer readable medium are described whereby a first collection sharing device is configured to detect the presence of a second collection sharing device on a network. A comparison is made between a first image collection digest representing a first image collection and a second image collection digest representing a second image collection to determine collection proximity. The collection proximity is subsequently compared to a match threshold to determine a proximity match. Based on the proximity match, actions may be performed. 
     In one aspect of the present disclosure the action performed comprises prompting the user of a first image collection device with a notification indicating the presence of the second image collection, and prompting the user of the second collection sharing device with a notification requesting access to it&#39;s image collection. In another aspect of the present disclosure, image content from the second image collection is transferred to and/or displayed on the first collection sharing device. 
     The proximity between the first image collection and second image collection is determined based on a number of weighting factors extracted from the images comprising the collections. The weighting factors may include geographical proximity, temporal proximity, keyword proximity, author proximity, subject face proximity, and image scene proximity, and event proximity. 
     In another aspect of the present disclosure, collection proximity is determined based on comparing matching preferences from a first collection sharing device to an image collection digest of a second sharing device. 
     Those skilled in the art will appreciate the scope of the present disclosure and realize additional aspects thereof after reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments in association with the accompanying drawing figures. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING FIGURES 
       The accompanying drawing figures incorporated in and forming a part of this specification illustrate several aspects of the disclosure, and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the disclosure. 
         FIG. 1  illustrates a system for performing an action based on a comparison of two image collection digests from a respective two collection sharing devices; 
         FIG. 2A  illustrates the operation of the system of  FIG. 1  according to one embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 2B  illustrates the operation of the system of  FIG. 1  according to another embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 3A  illustrates the steps involved in triggering an action based on a collection proximity comparison between two image collection digest; 
         FIG. 3B  illustrates the steps involved in triggering an action based on a collection proximity comparison between an image collection digest and matching preferences; 
         FIG. 4A  is a block diagram of an exemplary embodiment of the image collection subsystem shown in  FIG. 2  responsible for indexing imaging content and providing a collection index over a network to other collection sharing devices; 
         FIG. 4B  is a block diagram of an exemplary embodiment of the data structure used to represent an image; 
         FIG. 4C  is a block diagram of an exemplary embodiment of the data structure used to represent a digital image collection index as shown in  FIG. 4A ; 
         FIG. 4D  graphically illustrates an exemplary image collection indexed by both subject and image; 
         FIG. 5  illustrates an exemplary embodiment of an image collection digest that operates to exchange information regarding the contents on the image collection of  FIG. 1  and  FIG. 2 ; 
         FIG. 6A  illustrates an exemplary graphical user interface that operates to obtain matching preferences to be used in matching image collection digests; 
         FIGS. 6B &amp; 6C  illustrate exemplary graphical user interfaces operable to notify the user of a first collection sharing device that a second collection sharing device has been detected on the network; 
         FIGS. 7A &amp; 7B  illustrate an exemplary graphical user interface operating to notify the user of a second collection sharing device that a first collection sharing device has requested access to the content on the second collection sharing device; 
         FIGS. 8A &amp; 8B  graphically illustrate first and a second exemplary collections of digital images comprised of subject faces; 
         FIGS. 9A &amp; 9B  are tables illustrating which subject faces are contained in which of a first and a second exemplary collections of digital images comprised of subject faces; 
         FIG. 10  graphically illustrates a table showing the results of an exemplary computation used to determine collection proximity; 
         FIG. 11  is a block diagram of the collection sharing device of  FIG. 1  according to one embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 12  is a block diagram of the proxy server of  FIG. 1  according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     The embodiments set forth below represent the necessary information to enable those skilled in the art to practice the disclosure and illustrate the best mode of practicing the disclosure. Upon reading the following description in light of the accompanying drawing figures, those skilled in the art will understand the concepts of the disclosure and will recognize applications of these concepts not particularly addressed herein. It should be understood that these concepts and applications fall within the scope of the disclosure and the accompanying claims. 
       FIG. 1  is a graphical illustration of the system diagram used in the present disclosure. The system diagram is comprised of collection sharing devices  30 , a proxy server  100 , and a network  20 . 
     In one embodiment, the collection sharing devices  30  communicate directly through the network  20  and the proxy server  100  is not present. In this peer-to-peer (P2P) embodiment, described in  FIG. 2A , the network  20  is preferably a Near Field Communication (NFC) network, such as bluetooth and the like. A local area network (LAN) or wide area network (WAN)  20  may also be employed. In this embodiment, the detecting collection sharing device  30  executes the logic of  FIG. 3 . 
     In another embodiment, the collection sharing devices  30  communicate with the help of a proxy server  100 . In this proxy assisted embodiment, described in  FIG. 2B , the collection sharing devices  30  register their image collection digest  500  and location with the proxy server  100 . The proxy server  100  then operates to execute the logic of  FIG. 3 . In this embodiment, the network  20  is preferably a distributed wide area network (WAN) with public access, such as the Internet. 
     In both the P2P  200  and proxy assisted  240  embodiments the computing devices are capable of interacting with and through the network  20  using various protocols such as Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), Hypertext Transport Protocol (HTTP), and File Transfer Protocol (FTP). 
     Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the network  20  is not limited by the embodiments listed above. More specifically, the network  20  may be any type of network  20  suitable to allow interaction between the collection sharing devices  30  and the proxy server  100 . For example, the network  20  may be a wired network, a wireless network, or any combination thereof. Further, the network  20  may include a distributed computing network, an intranet, a local-area network (LAN) and/or a wide-area network (WAN), or any combination thereof. 
     The collection sharing devices  30  are comprised of a control system  32  and an image collection  400 . The control system  32  is further comprised of a proximity function  34 , action function  36 , and location function  38 . The proximity function  34  operates to obtain the image collection digests  500  representing the two image collections  400  being analyzed. Collection proximity is determined using the matching preferences  48  specified according to the collection matching preferences dialog  600 . Using the collection proximity as an input, the action function  36  operates to perform various operations involving the two image collections  400 . The collection sharing device  30  may be implemented in software, hardware, or a combination of hardware and software. 
     In one aspect of the present disclosure, the receiving collection sharing device  30 - 1  user  10 - 1  is prompted with a detected collection dialog  620   630  to obtain an action request according to  FIGS. 6B &amp; 6C . Accordingly, the supplying collection sharing device  30 - 2  user  10 - 2  is prompted with a requesting access dialog  700   720  to grant sharing permissions to the requesting user  10 - 1 . The actions implemented by the action function  36  may include showing the user  10 - 1  subject face thumbnails, image thumbnails, auto caching image content, and/or auto storing image content. The collection proximity is determined based on a number of weighting factors comprising: geographical proximity, temporal proximity, keyword proximity, author proximity, subject face proximity, image scene proximity, event proximity, and the like. The location function  38  operates with the location module hardware  1114  to supply the location of the collection sharing device  30  to the proxy server  100 . 
     In one embodiment, the proxy server  100  operates to store and/or cache the image collection  400 - 100  and user account information  46  for the collection sharing device  30  user  10 . As such, both collection sharing devices  30  need not be operating and available for communication at the same time. In this embodiment, the proxy server  100  performs the proximity function  34  and action function  36  using either data from the collection sharing devices  30  if available, or alternatively image collection  400  data stored at the proxy server  100 . The user accounts  46  may contain information regarding users  10  matching preferences  48  and profile information. The proxy server  100  may be implemented in software, hardware, or a combination of hardware and software. 
     As used herein, the term subject is used to represent a person who&#39;s face appears in an image  420 . The term subject face is used to represent the face of the subject in the image. 
     The collection sharing device  30  is used to represent any device capable of sharing digital images  420  on a network  20 . Examples of collection sharing devices  30  would include personal computers, computer servers, cell smartphones, pdas, notebook computers, tablet computers, digital picture frames, digital cameras, network enabled TV&#39;s, DVR&#39;s, STB&#39;s, and the like. Indeed any electronic device capable of performing the functions attributed to the collection sharing device  30  should be considered within the scope of the disclosure. In another aspect of the present disclosure, the collection sharing device  30  is a storage only device capable of hosting an image collection  400  but not capable of displaying and/or capturing images  420 . 
       FIG. 2A  illustrates the network  20  interactions between a first and a second collection sharing device  30  in a P2P embodiment. An image collection digest  500  is determined for each collection  202   204 . The first collection sharing device  30 - 1  obtains a first image collection digest  500 - 1  representing the first image collection  206  and second image collection digest  500 - 2  representing a second image collection  208 . In one aspect of the present disclosure, the user  10 - 2  of the second collection sharing device  30 - 2  may be prompted for permission to access it&#39;s collection digest  500 - 2 . The user  10 - 1  of the first collection sharing device  30 - 1  is prompted with a collection matching preferences dialog  600  to obtain matching preferences  48  to be used in determining the collection proximity  210 . The matching preferences  48  may be stored  48 - 1   48 - 2  at the collection sharing device  30  and/or provided to the proxy server  100 . Using the matching preferences  48 , collection proximity is determined  212 . In one aspect of the present disclosure, the collection proximity is compared to a match threshold. The user  10 - 1  of the first collection sharing device  30 - 1  is notified that the second collection sharing device  30 - 2  has been detected on the network  20   214  as shown in  FIGS. 6B &amp; 6C . The first collection sharing device  30 - 1  may be configured to notify the user  10 - 1  whenever another collection sharing device  30 - 2  is detected on the network  20  without  10 - 1  requiring further user  10 - 1  input. In another aspect of the present disclosure, the first collection sharing device  30 - 1  may be operated to manually search for other collection sharing devices  30 - 2  based on explicit user  10 - 1  direction. Before image data is obtained from the second collection sharing device  30 - 2 , the user  10 - 2  of the second collection sharing device  30 - 2  is prompted with a requesting access dialog  700   720  to obtain permissions for sharing the requested image data  216 . Subsequently, the request image data is transferred from the second image collection  400 - 2  to the first image collection  400 - 1   218 . 
     In another embodiment of the present disclosure,  FIG. 2A  illustrates the network  20  interactions between a first and a second collection sharing device  30  and a proxy server  100  in a proxy assisted embodiment. The proxy server  100  aids in interaction between the two collection sharing devices  30  by offloading the functions of obtaining the collection digest  500 , determining collection proximity, detecting the presence of other collection sharing devices  30 , determining when two image collections  400  are in proximity and have subject faces in common, and the triggering actions such as prompting the receiving collection sharing device  30 - 1  user  10 - 1 , prompting the supplying collection sharing device  30 - 2  user  10 - 2 , and transferring image data. 
     Referring now to the steps of  FIG. 2B , an image collection digest  500  is determined for each collection  242   244 . The proxy server  100  obtains a first image collection digest  500 - 1  representing the first image collection  246  and second image collection digest  500 - 2  representing a second image collection  248 . The user  10 - 1  of the first collection sharing device  30 - 1  is prompted with the collection matching preferences dialog  600  to obtain matching preferences  48  from the user  10 - 1  to be employed in determining the collection proximity  249 . The matching preferences  48  may be stored  48 - 1   48 - 2  on the collection sharing device  30  and/or provided to the proxy server  100   250 . The geographic locations for each collection sharing device  30  are periodically sent to the proxy server  100   251   252 . The locations of the two collection sharing devices  30  are compared  253 , and if they are within sufficient geographic proximity, the collection proximity is determined  254 . In one aspect of the present disclosure, the collection proximity and match threshold are provided to the first collection sharing device  30 - 1  to determine a proximity match. In another aspect of the present disclosure, the proximity match is determined at the proxy server  100  and provided to the first collection sharing device  30 - 1 . In one aspect of the present disclosure, collection proximity is determined, and compared to a match threshold to determine a proximity match  256 . The user  10 - 1  of first collection sharing device  30 - 1  is prompted with the detected collection dialog  620   630  to obtain instructions describing the actions to be taken  258  and the results are sent to the proxy server  260 . 
     Note that in the proxy assisted embodiment of  FIG. 2B , determining collection proximity is triggered based on the two collection sharing devices being communicatively coupled on a network and optionally within sufficient geographical proximity. The triggering of this computation may be based on other stimulus in addition to or in replacement of geographic location information. For example, the computation may be triggered based on a modification to a collection digest  500 , for example the addition of one or more images to an image collection  400 . The stimulus may also include the detection of a collection sharing device  30  that has been successfully accessed in the past. Note also that in the adhoc embodiment of  FIG. 2A , it is likely but not required that the two devices are in geographical proximity based on the fact that they are communicatively coupled on an adhoc network  20 . 
     Before image data is obtained from the second collection sharing device  30 - 2 , the user  10 - 2  of the second collection sharing device  30 - 2  is prompted with a requesting access dialog  700   720  to obtain permissions for sharing the requested image data. Subsequently, the requested image data is transferred from the second image collection  400 - 2   264  to the first image collection  400 - 1   266 . 
       FIG. 3A  illustrates the steps involved in the triggering of actions based on the collection proximity between two image collection digest  500   300 . A first image collection digest  500 - 1  is obtained  302  from a first image collection  400 - 1 , and a second image collection digest  500 - 2  is obtained  304  from a second image collection  400 - 2 . An exemplary image collection digest  500  is illustrated in  FIG. 5 . Collection proximity is then determined  306  by comparing the first image collection digest  500 - 1  to the second image collection digest  500 - 2  according to matching preferences  48 . A proximity match is determined by comparing the collection proximity to a match threshold  308 . The collection proximity is determined based on a number of weighting factors including: geographical proximity, temporal proximity, keyword proximity, author proximity, subject face proximity, image scene proximity, event proximity, and the like. Finally, an action is performed  310 . 
       FIG. 3B  illustrates the steps involved in triggering an action based on a collection proximity comparison between an image collection digest and matching preferences  320 . Matching preferences  48  are obtained  322  from a first collection sharing device  30 . An image collection digest  500 - 1  is obtained  324  from a second image collection  400 - 2 . Collection proximity is then determined  326  by comparing the matching preferences  48  to the image collection digest  500 . A proximity match is determined by comparing the collection proximity to a match threshold  328 . An action is based on the proximity match  330 . 
       FIG. 4A  is a block diagram of an exemplary embodiment of the image collection  400  subsystem used in the collection sharing device  30  and proxy server  100  of  FIG. 1 . The image collection  400  subsystem may be implemented in software, hardware, or a combination of hardware and software. This subsystem is responsible for indexing imaging content and providing the image collection index  440  over a network  20  via the request handler  402 . The image collection  400  encapsulates the code and data representing a collection of images  420 . The image store  404  represents the file system containing the local images  420 . The image indexer  406  contains the program codes for detecting the faces in each image  420 , and building the image collection index  440 . The face functions  408  module provides the image processing for facial detection, identification, and matching. The image collection  400  is indexed both by face (subject index  450 ) and by image (image index  460 ). The purpose of the image collection index  440  shown in  FIG. 4C  is to provide efficient programmatic access to representative images of faces found within an image collection  400 , images in which a particular face is found (subject index  450 ), and faces within a particular image (image index  460 ). This efficient access is important when image collections  400  are accessed over the network  20  and network throughput and latency can degrade performance. The image collection digest  500 , which provides an encapsulation of the images  420  contained in the image collection  400 , is explained further in  FIG. 5 . 
       FIG. 4B  is a block diagram of an exemplary embodiment of the data structure used to represent an image  420 . The image  420  contains image data  422  representing the pixels of the image. The image data may be in either compressed or uncompressed form. The metadata  424  contains additional information about the image  420 . The timestamp  426  fields contain the date, time, and time zone in which the image  420  was captured. The location stamp  428  holds the GPS location coordinates and optionally altitude at which the image was captured. The keyword tags  430  field contains a plurality of textual tags descriptive of the image  420 . Face tags  432  contain information identifying subject faces contained in the image  420 , and their corresponding locations within the images. The face tags  432  also include identity information corresponding to the subjects represented by the faces. The identity information may be in the form of the subjects name or username corresponding to an account on the proxy server  100 . 
       FIG. 4C  is a block diagram of an exemplary embodiment of the data structure used to represent an image collection index  440  as used in  FIG. 4A . 
     The subject index  450  contains one entry per unique subject face found in an image collection  400 . For each face  452 , the list of images  454  in which the face appears is recorded  470  along with the center point of the face  476  within the image, and the radius of the circle containing the face  478 . Other approaches for conveying the location of a face within an image are possible, such as a rectangular bounding box, and should be considered within the scope of this disclosure. This structure is advantageous because given a face reference; it is easy to quickly determine the list of images  420  in which the face appears. 
     The image index  460  contains one entry for each image stored in an image collection  400 . For each image  462 , a list of the faces  464  appearing in the image is recorded. Information regarding the center point  476 , and radius  478  is also recorded. The identity information (ID)  479  is a unique identifier of the subject. In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the identity information is assigned at the proxy server  100  when a subject face is matched to a user  10  of the proxy server  100 . This structure is advantageous because given an image  420  reference; it is expedient to quickly determine the list of faces contained in the image. 
       FIG. 4D  graphically illustrates an exemplary image collection  400  indexed by both subject  496  and image  498 . The subject index  450  corresponds to  496 . The image index  460  corresponds to  498 . As shown by the links in this illustration, each subject representation  480   482   484   486  contains a link to each image in which that face is found, and each image representation  488   490   492   494  contains a link to the subjects found within that image. For example, face  001  contains links to images  488  and  490 . Likewise, image  490  contains links to the reference face image  480  for subject  001  and face image  482  for subject  002 . 
     The image collection digest  500  is comprised of information that will enable the proximity function  34  to determine the collection proximity between two image collections  400 . 
     The geographic information  504  represents the locations at which the images  420  comprising the image collection  400  were captured. The data in this field may be stored according to several different schemes. The geographic information may be represented as an average position for the images  420  in the image collection  400 , a list of all individual geographic locations on a per image basis, a list of quantized geographic locations, etc. . . . 
     The temporal information  506  represents the times and dates at which the images  420  comprising the image collection  400  were captured. The data in this field may be stored according to several different schemes. The temporal information may be represented as an average time for the images  420  in the image collection  400 , a list of all individual times on a per image basis, a list of quantized times, etc. . . . Also, the times and dates may be represented together as a single entity, or are separate entities. 
     The keyword Information  508  represents the keywords or tags that have been used to categorize the images comprising the image collection  400 . The data in this field may be stored according to several different schemes. The keyword information may be stored as a histogram indicating the frequency of occurrence of each keyword within the collection, or it may be stored on a per image basis. 
     The author information  510  represents the identity of the person or entity who captured the images  420  comprising the image collection  400 . The data in this field may be stored according to several different schemes. The author information may be stored as a histogram indicating the frequency of occurrence of each author within the collection, or it may be stored on a per image basis. 
     The subject face information  512  represents the subjects found in the images  420  comprising the image collections  400 . The data in this field may be stored according to several different schemes. The subject face information  512  may be stored as a histogram indicating the frequency of occurrence of each subject face within the collection, or it may be stored on a per image basis. This information may also be made available through the use of the image collection index  440 . 
     The image scene information  514  is used to represent the various image scene types found in the image collections  400 . Examples of image scene information include sports, landscape, portrait, etc. In one embodiment of the present disclosure, this information is stored in the images  420  at the time they are captured, as many cameras have the ability to specify scene information to the camera to aid in the determination of auto focus auto, auto white balance, and auto exposure settings. The image scene information  514  may be stored as a histogram indicating the frequency of occurrence of each image scene type within the collection, or it may be stored on a per image basis. 
     The event Information  516  represents the keywords or tags that have been used to categorize the images comprising the image collection  400 . As used herein, an event is defined by both a geographic location and a time interval. For example, an event might be specified by GPS coordinates specifying an event location, a radius representing space around the event location, and an event time interval. Using this information, it is possible to assign two images to the same event. Examples of events might include parties, gatherings, sporting events, weddings, and the like. In another aspect of the present disclosure, matching the users  10  present at the event location during the event time interval may further specify an event. The data in this field may be stored according to several different schemes. The event information may be stored as a histogram indicating the frequency of occurrence of each event within the collection, on a per image basis, a list of images assigned to events, and the like. 
     In another aspect of the present disclosure, the image collection index  440  may be used as the image collection digest  500 , or may be supplied in addition to the image collection digest  500 . When the image collection index  440  is used in place of the image collection digest  500 , all metadata summarized in the image collection digest  500  fields  504   506   508   510   512   514  is available as metadata from the subject references  452  and image references  462 . Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the image collection digest  500  is not limited by the embodiments listed above. Many variations are possible, and should be considered within the scope of the present disclosure. 
       FIG. 6A  illustrates a collection matching preferences dialog  600  that may be presented to the user  10  of the collection sharing device  30  for the purpose of allowing the user  10  to specify matching preferences  48  that may be used in determining collection proximity between a first image collection digest  500 - 1  and a second image collection digest  500 - 2 . As used herein, proximity is used to describe a level of similarity or match between two entities. Two entities are said to have a higher proximity if they are very similar, and a lower proximity if they are very different. 
     As used herein, collection proximity may be determined using a number of weighting factors, comprising: geographical proximity, temporal proximity, keyword proximity, author proximity, subject face proximity, image scene proximity, event proximity, and the like. Using the matching preferences  48 , the user  10  may also assign weights to the various factors. For example, the collection proximity may be determined with all weighting factors given equal weight (e.g. all of the check boxes selected  602 - 614 ), or proximity may be determined by a single factor (e.g. only the subject faces check box selected  610 ). While not shown in  FIG. 6A , other UI&#39;s are possible and would allow the user to assign the weighting factors values on a sliding scale, as opposed to the simple on off provided by the checkboxes. 
     The Matching Preferences Dialog  600  has two primary sections. The weighting factors checkboxes  601  allow the user  10  to specify which weighting factors are used in determining collection proximity. The source menus  603  allow the user to select the source of the data that will be compared to the image collection digest  500 - 2  from the supplying collection sharing device  30 - 2 . The default operation is for the source  616  of the comparison data to be the image collection digest  500 - 1  from the receiving collection sharing device. However, the user may specify another source  618  for the data, or provide the data explicitly. As an example, a user  10  may choose to explicitly specify the subject faces they are interested by manually selecting those subject faces from their image collection  400 - 1  that they are most interested in. In another aspect of the present disclosure, the user  10  may specify subject faces of interest through external information sources such as Facebook Connect™. Using Facebook Connect™, the user may direct their collection sharing device  30 - 1  to import social graph information describing friends and their corresponding subject faces for use in matching. 
     Selecting the geographic check box  602  indicates to the collection proximity function  306  to use the geographic locations at which the images comprising the two image collections  400  were captured in determining collection proximity. As a result, two image collections  400  both comprising images captured in the same city would have higher collection proximity than two image collections  400  comprising images captured in two different cities respectively. 
     Selecting the temporal check box  604  indicates to the collection proximity function  306  to use the time at which the images comprising the two image collections  400  were captured in determining collection proximity. As a result, two image collections  400  both comprising images captured in the same day would have higher collection proximity than two image collections  400  comprising images captured on two different days respectively. 
     Selecting the keyword check box  606  indicates to the collection proximity function  306  to use the keywords attached to the images comprising the two image collections  400  in determining collection proximity. As a result, two image collections  400  both comprising images tagged with the same keyword would have higher collection proximity than two image collections  400  comprising images tagged with two different keywords respectively. 
     Selecting the author check box  608  indicates to the collection proximity function  306  to use the author information attached to the images comprising the two image collections  400  in determining collection proximity. As a result, two image collections  400  both comprising images with the same author information would have a higher collection proximity than two image collections  400  comprising images with difference author information respectively. 
     Selecting the subject face check box  610  indicates to the collection proximity function  306  to use the subject faces comprising the two image collections  400  in determining collection proximity. As a result, two image collections  400  both comprising images containing the same subject faces would have a higher collection proximity than two image collections  400  comprising images containing different subject faces respectively. 
     Selecting the image check box  612  indicates to the collection proximity function  306  to use image scene information from the images comprising the two image collections  400  in determining collection proximity. As a result, two image collections  400  both comprising images having the same image scene information would have a higher collection proximity than two image collections  400  comprising images containing different image scene information respectively. 
     Selecting the event check box  614  indicates to the collection proximity function  306  to use event information from the images comprising the two image collections  400  in determining collection proximity. As a result, two image collections  400  both comprising images captured at the same event would have a higher collection proximity than two image collections  400  comprising images captured at different events. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 6B , in another aspect of the present disclosure in response to a receiving collection sharing device  30 - 1  detecting the presence of a supplying collection sharing device  30 - 2  on the network  20 , the user  10 - 1  of the receiving collection sharing device  30 - 1  may be presented with the detected collection dialog  620  presenting information regarding the detected image collection  400 - 2  displaying subject faces appearing in the supplying collection sharing device  30 - 2 . The subject faces  622  that are found in both collections  400  are displayed to the user  10 - 1 , and the user  10 - 1  is presented with the option  624  to display the images containing the subject faces  622  or to store the images in their image collection  400 - 1  for later use  626 . Selecting to display the images containing the subject faces  622  results in the user  10 - 1  being presented with the detected collection by image dialog  630 . The user  10 - 1  may exit the process completely by selecting cancel  628 . 
     Referring now to  FIG. 6C , in response to a receiving collection sharing device  30 - 1  detecting the presence of a supplying collection sharing device  30 - 2  on the network  20 , the user  10 - 1  of the receiving collection sharing device  30 - 1  may be presented with the detected collection dialog  630  presenting information regarding the detected image collection  400 - 2  displaying images appearing in the supplying collection sharing device  30 - 2 . Images  632  comprising subject faces occurring most often (highest subject proximity) in both image collections  400  are shown to the user  10 - 1 , and the user  10 - 1  is presented with the option  634  to display the subject faces found in both image collections  400  or to store the images for later use  636 . Selecting  634  to display the faces found most often in both image collections  400  results in the user  10 - 1  being presented with a detected collection by face dialog  620 . The user  10 - 1  may exit the process completely by selecting cancel  638 . 
     Referring now to  FIG. 7A , after the user  10 - 1  of the receiving collection sharing device  30 - 1  has been prompted with a detected collection dialog  620   630 , the user  10 - 2  of the supplying collection sharing device  30 - 2  may be prompted with a requesting access by face dialog  700  prompting the user  10 - 2  for permission to access images comprising selected subject faces. The user  10 - 2  of the supplying collection sharing device  30 - 2  may be shown the subject faces  702  that appear most often in both collections  400  (highest subject proximity). The user  10 - 2  is then allowed to grant access to all images containing these subject faces  704 , to grant access to all faces in the collection  706 , to grant access in exchange for bidirectional access  708  (thereby gaining access to the collection of the receiving collection sharing device  30 - 1 ), to interact with a requesting access by image dialog  720 , or to deny access altogether  712 . 
     Referring now to  FIG. 7B , in another aspect of the present disclosure after the receiving collection sharing device  30 - 1  has been prompted with a detected collection dialog  620   630 , the user  10 - 2  of the supplying collection sharing device  30 - 2  may be prompted with a requesting access by image dialog  720  prompting the user  10 - 2  for permission to access selected images. The user  10 - 2  of the supplying collection sharing device  30 - 2  may be shown the images containing subject faces that appear most often in both collections  722 . The requesting user  10 - 1  is then allowed to grant access to all images containing these subject faces  724 , to grant access to all images in the collection  726 , to grant access in exchange for bidirectional access  728  (access to the collection of the receiving device), to show a requesting access by face dialog  700 , or to deny any access  732 . 
     It should be noted that while  FIGS. 6B ,  6 C,  7 A, and  7 B focus on the use of face information for requesting and granting access, other paradigms are possible and should be considered within the scope of this disclosure. For example, any of the weighting factor categories—geographic, temporal, keyword, author, image scene, or event—could be used. It is also possible to use combinations of the categories when constructing the criteria on which access could be requested or granted. 
       FIGS. 8-10  show an exemplary computation for determining subject proximity, and corresponding collection proximity.  FIGS. 8A &amp; 8B  illustrate two exemplary image collections, wherein the images in the collection are comprised of subject faces. For simplicity sake, the same subject, when present in an image, always appears in the same location in the image. This is for illustration purposes only. In this particular example, collection proximity is determined solely from subject proximity information. This would correspond to a user selecting only the subject face checkbox  610  of the collection matching preferences dialog  600 . 
       FIG. 8A  is a graphical depiction of an exemplary first image collection  400 . The image collection  400  contains eight images comprised of six different faces.  FIG. 9A  represents a matrix  900  showing which of the images contain which of the faces. Finally, the bottom row of the table  902  shows an occurrence count indicating how many times each face appears within the image collection  400 , while the right hand column  904  shows an occurrence count indicating how many subjects appear within each image. 
       FIG. 8B  is a graphical depiction of an exemplary second image collection  400 . The image collection  400  contains eight images comprised of six different faces.  FIG. 9B  represents a matrix  910  showing which of the images contain which of the faces. Finally, the bottom row of the table  912  shows an occurrence count indicating how many times each face appears within the image collection  400 , while the right hand column  914  shows an occurrence count indicating how many subjects appear within each image. 
       FIG. 10  represents an exemplary computation for determining subject face proximity and subsequently an overall collection proximity. The first row  1001  shows the match confidence multipliers, which is a measure of confidence ranging between 0 and 1 indicating the confidence that the individual subject face match is correct. The second row  1002  indicates the number of times each subject face occurs in a first image collection  400 - 1  while the third row  1004  indicates the number of times the same face occurs within the second image collection  400 - 2 . The fourth row  1006  gives the product of the individual face occurrence counts for the two collections  400  (product of rows  2  and  3 ). The bottom row of the table indicates the subject match certainty measures  1008 . A match certainty of 0 means that the subject face may occur in one image collection  400  or the other, but not both (e.g. the system was unable to match the subject face of a user in first collection to the subject face of a user in the second collection). A non-zero subject match certainty indicates that it is possible that the subject occurs in both image collections  400 . The subject match certainty measures are normalized to a maximum of 1, which indicates the highest correlated subject(s). A match certainty of 1 indicates that it is certain that the subject face occurring in a first image collection  400 - 1  and a subject face occurring in second image collection  400 - 2  correspond to the same user or person. 
     In the case where collection proximity is based solely on subject face information (e.g. only subject face checkbox  610  is selected) the collection proximity is computed by summing the product of each individual subject occurrence counts (OC) scaled by the match certainty (MC). The match certainty being a measure of the probability that two subject faces from two image collections  400  are indeed the same subject.
 
subject proximity =NORMALIZED[OC collection1 *OC collection2 *MC]  Equation (1)
 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     collection 
                     proximity 
                   
                   = 
                   
                     
                       1 
                       numberofimages 
                     
                     ⁢ 
                     
                       
                         ∑ 
                         
                           n 
                           = 
                           0 
                         
                         
                           numbersubjects 
                           - 
                           1 
                         
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                         
                           subject 
                           proximity 
                         
                         ⁡ 
                         
                           [ 
                           n 
                           ] 
                         
                       
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   Equation 
                   ⁢ 
                   
                       
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   
                     ( 
                     2 
                     ) 
                   
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     The numberofimages in equation 2 is the sum of the count of unique images found in the two image collections  400  being compared. In the example of  FIG. 10 , collection proximity is determined according to Equation 3. 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     collection 
                     proximity 
                   
                   = 
                   
                     
                       
                         
                           1 
                           16 
                         
                         ⁢ 
                         
                           
                             ∑ 
                             
                               n 
                               = 
                               0 
                             
                             7 
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           0 
                         
                       
                       + 
                       .73 
                       + 
                       .27 
                       + 
                       0 
                       + 
                       0 
                       + 
                       1 
                       + 
                       .13 
                       + 
                       0 
                     
                     = 
                     
                       
                         2.13 
                         16 
                       
                       = 
                       1.333 
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   Equation 
                   ⁢ 
                   
                       
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   
                     ( 
                     3 
                     ) 
                   
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     Other schemes for computing subject face proximity and collection proximity will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art upon reading this disclosure and are to be considered within the scope of the present disclosure. 
       FIG. 11  is a block diagram of a collection sharing device  30  (e.g., one of the one or more collection sharing devices  30  of  FIG. 11  according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. As illustrated, the collection sharing device  30  includes a controller  1104  connected to memory  1106 , one or more communications interfaces  1108 , one or more user interface components  1110 , one or more storage devices  1112 , a location module  1114 , and an image capture module by a bus  1102  or similar mechanism. The controller  1104  is a microprocessor, digital ASIC, FPGA, or the like. In this embodiment, the controller  1104  is a microprocessor, and the control system  32  is implemented in software and stored in the memory  1106  for execution by the controller  1104 . In this embodiment, the location module  1114  is a hardware component such as, for example, a GPS receiver. The communications interface  1108  is a wireless communication interface that communicatively couples the collection sharing device  30  to a network  20 . For example, the communications interface  1108  may be a local wireless interface such as a wireless interface operating according to one of the suite of IEEE 802.11 standards, bluetooth, or the like. The one or more user interface components  1110  include, for example, a touchscreen, a display, one or more user input components (e.g., a keypad), a speaker, or the like, or any combination thereof. The storage device(s)  1112  is a non-volatile memory used to store the image collection  400  and the like. 
       FIG. 12  is a block diagram of a proxy server  100  of  FIG. 1  according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As illustrated, proxy server  100  includes a controller  1244  connected to a memory  1246 , one or more secondary storage devices  1230 , and one or more communications interfaces  1228  by a bus  1222  or similar mechanism. The controller  1224  is a microprocessor, digital Application Specific Integrated Circuit ASIC, Field Programmable Gate Array FPGA, or the like. In this embodiment, the controller  1224  is a microprocessor, and the control system  40  is implemented in software and stored in the memory  1226  for execution by the controller  1224 . Further, the user accounts  46  may be stored in the one or more secondary storage devices  1230 . The secondary storage devices  1230  are digital data storage devices such as, for example, one or more hard disk drives. The communications interface  1228  is a wired or wireless communication interface that communicatively couples the proxy server  100  to the network  20  of  FIG. 1 . For example, the communications interface  1228  may be an Ethernet interface, local wireless interface such as a wireless interface operating according to one of the suite of IEEE 802.11 standards, or the like. 
     EXAMPLES 
     The following example scenarios are intended to provide non-limiting illustrations of potential uses of the present disclosure. 
     Scenario #1: adhoc collection matching 
     1. Fred (user  10 - 1 ) has a digital picture frame (collection sharing device  30 - 1 ) in his kitchen. 
     2. The images  420  stored on Fred&#39;s (user  10 - 1 ) digital picture frame (collection sharing device  30 - 1 ) contain the faces of Cindy, Jan, and Marsha. 
     3. Billy (user  10 - 2 ) comes to visit Fred (user  10 - 1 ) at his home and walks into the kitchen. Billy (user  10 - 2 ) is carrying a smartphone (collection sharing device  30 - 2 ) capable of hosting an image collection  400 . The images  420  on Billy&#39;s (user  10 - 2 ) smartphone also contain the faces of Cindy, Jan, and Marsha, among others. 
     4. After both joining the same adhoc network  20 , Fred&#39;s (user  10 - 1 ) digital picture frame (collection sharing device  30 - 1 ) detects the presence of Billy&#39;s (user  10 - 2 ) smartphone (collection sharing device  30 - 2 ). 
     5. Fred&#39;s (user  10 - 1 ) digital picture frame (collection sharing device  30 - 1 ) obtains an image collection digest  500 - 2  from Billy&#39;s (user  10 - 2 ) smartphone (collection sharing device  30 - 2 ), and compares it to an image collection digest  500 - 1  of it&#39;s own image collection  200 - 1 . 
     6. Fred&#39;s (user  10 - 1 ) digital picture frame (collection sharing device  30 - 1 ) determines that Billy&#39;s (user  10 - 2 ) smartphone contains images  420  of interest due to the overlap of the faces present in the image collections  200 —both image collections  200  contain images  420  containing the faces of Cindy, Jan, and Marsha. 
     7. Fred&#39;s (user  10 - 1 ) digital picture frame (collection sharing device  30 - 1 ) prompts Fred (user  10 - 1 ) with a detected collection dialog  620   630  indicating that additional images  420  of interest are available. 
     8. Several representative thumbnails are retrieved from Billy&#39;s (user  10 - 2 ) smartphone (collection sharing device  30 - 2 ) and displayed on Fred&#39;s digital picture frame (collection sharing device  30 - 1 ). 
     9. Fred (user  10 - 1 ) interacts with the digital picture frame (collection sharing device  30 - 1 ), choosing to receive additional images  420  from Billy&#39;s (user  10 - 2 ) smartphone (collection sharing device  30 - 2 ). 
     10. Images  420  are transferred from Billy&#39;s (user  10 - 2 ) smartphone (collection sharing device  30 - 2 ) to Fred&#39;s (user  10 - 1 ) digital picture frame (collection sharing device  30 - 1 ) over the network  20 . 
     Scenario #2: Proxy Assisted Collection Matching 
     1. Fred (user  10 - 1 ) has a digital picture frame (collection sharing device  30 - 1 ) in his kitchen. 
     2. The images  420  present on Fred&#39;s (user  10 - 1 ) digital picture frame (collection sharing device  30 - 1 ) contain the faces of Cindy, Jan, and Marsha. 
     3. Fred&#39;s (user  10 - 1 ) digital picture frame (collection sharing device  30 - 1 ) communicates with a proxy server  100  over the network  20  to register it&#39;s location and image collection digest  500 - 1 . 
     4. Billy (user  10 - 2 ) comes to visit Fred (user  10 - 1 ) at his home and walks into the kitchen. Billy (user  10 - 2 ) is carrying a smartphone (collection sharing device  30 - 2 ) capable of hosting an image collection  400 . The images on Bill&#39;s (user  10 - 2 ) smartphone also contain the faces of Cindy, Jan, and Marsha, among others. 
     5. Billy&#39;s (user  10 - 2 ) smartphone (collection sharing device  30 - 2 ) communicates with a proxy server  100  over the network  20  to register it&#39;s location and image collection digest  500 - 2 . 
     6. The proxy server recognizes that both Fred&#39;s (user  10 - 1 ) digital picture frame (collection sharing device  30 - 1 ) and Billy&#39;s (user  10 - 2 ) smartphone (collection sharing device  30 - 2 ) are in geographic proximity, and that both collections  200  contain images  420  containing the faces of Cindy, Jan, and Marsha. 
     7. The proxy server  100  communicates with Fred&#39;s (user  10 - 1 ) digital picture frame (collection sharing device  30 - 1 ) causing it to prompt Fred (user  10 - 1 ) with a detected collection dialog  620   630  indicating that additional images  420  of interest are available. 
     8. Several representative thumbnails are retrieved from Billy&#39;s (user  10 - 2 ) smartphone (collection sharing device  30 - 2 ) and displayed on Fred&#39;s (user  10 - 1 ) digital picture frame (collection sharing device  30 - 1 ). 
     9. Fred (user  10 - 1 ) interacts with the digital picture frame (collection sharing device  30 - 1 ), choosing to receive additional images  420  from Billy&#39;s (user  10 - 2 ) smartphone (collection sharing device  30 - 2 ). 
     10. Images  420  are transferred from Billy&#39;s (user  10 - 2 ) smartphone (collection sharing device  30 - 2 ) to Fred&#39;s (user  10 - 1 ) digital picture frame (collection sharing device  30 - 1 ) over the network  20 . 
     Scenerio #3: Adhoc Collection to Preferences Matching (e.g Real Time Capture Notification) 
     1. Lucy (user  10 - 1 ) is attending a party, and has a smartphone (collection sharing device  30 - 1 ) in her pocket. 
     2. Lucy (user  10 - 1 ) would like to know if anyone captures an image at the party where her face appears in the image. 
     3. Lucy&#39;s (user  10 - 1 ) smartphone (collection sharing device  30 - 1 ) specifies only her face in her matching preferences  48 - 1 . 
     4. Jill (user  10 - 2 ) is also at the party and is taking pictures with a network enabled camera (collection sharing device  30 - 2 ). Jill (user  10 - 2 ) happens to take a picture in which Lucy&#39;s (user  10 - 1 ) face appears, and the image gets stored in the image collection  400 - 2  on Jill&#39;s (user  10 - 2 ) camera (collection sharing device  30 - 2 ), and Lucy&#39;s (user  10 - 1 ) face gets added to the collection digest  500 - 2 , 
     5. Lucy&#39;s (user  10 - 1 ) smartphone (collection sharing device  30 - 1 ) periodically scans for the presence of other collection sharing devices  30 , and obtains an updated collection digest from Jill&#39;s (user  10 - 2 ) camera (collection sharing device  30 - 2 ). 
     6. Lucy&#39;s (user  10 - 1 ) smartphone (collection sharing device  30 - 1 ) compares the her match preferences  48 - 1  to the obtained collection digest  500 - 2  obtained from Jill&#39;s (user  10 - 2 ) camera (collection sharing device  30 - 2 ) and determines a proximity match. 
     7. Lucy&#39;s (user  10 - 1 ) smartphone (collection sharing device  30 - 1 ) prompts her with a detected collection dialog  620   630  indicating the presence of images  420  that may be of interest to her. 
     8. The new image captured by Jill&#39;s (user  10 - 2 ) camera (collection sharing device  30 - 2 ) is copied to Lucy&#39;s (user  10 - 1 ) smartphone (collection sharing device  30 - 1 ) for later use. 
     Those skilled in the art will recognize improvements and modifications to the preferred embodiments of the present disclosure. All such improvements and modifications are considered within the scope of the concepts disclosed herein and the claims that follow.