Abstract:
An inverter for driving an EL lamp is tapped to provide voltage or current for driving one or more EL lamps and an LCD. In accordance with one aspect of the invention, one side of the pump inductor is tapped for a voltage that drives the LCD.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION  
       [0001]    This application is a division of Application No. 09/790,007, filed Feb. 20, 2001, now U.S. Pat. No. ______, which is assigned to the assignee of this invention. The entire contents of said Application are hereby incorporated by reference. 
     
    
     
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0002]    This invention relates to battery operated inverters and, in particular, to an inverter for driving an electroluminescent (EL) panel having one or more EL lamps, one or more light emitting diodes (LEDs), and providing a bias voltage for a liquid crystal display.  
           [0003]    An EL lamp is essentially a capacitor having a dielectric layer between two conductive electrodes, one of which is transparent. The dielectric layer may include a phosphor powder or there may be a separate layer of phosphor powder adjacent the dielectric layer. The phosphor powder radiates light in the presence of a strong electric field, using very little current. Because an EL lamp is a capacitor, alternating current must be applied to the electrodes to cause the phosphor to glow, otherwise the capacitor charges to the applied voltage, the current through the EL lamp ceases, and the lamp stops producing light.  
           [0004]    In portable electronic devices, automotive displays, and other applications where the power source is a low voltage battery, an EL lamp is powered by an inverter that converts direct current into alternating current. In order for an EL lamp to glow sufficiently, a peak-to-peak voltage in excess of about one hundred and twenty volts is necessary. The actual voltage depends on the construction of the lamp and, in particular, the field strength within the phosphor powder. The frequency of the alternating current through an EL lamp affects the life of the lamp, with frequencies between 200 hertz and 1000 hertz being preferred. Ionic migration occurs in the phosphor at frequencies below 200 hertz. Above 1000 hertz, the life of the phosphor is inversely proportional to frequency.  
           [0005]    The prior art discloses several types of inverters in which the energy stored in an inductor is supplied to an EL lamp as a small current at high voltage as the inductor is discharged either through the lamp or into a storage capacitor. The voltage on a storage capacitor is pumped up by a series of high frequency pulses from the inverter. The direct current produced by inverter must be converted into an alternating current in order to power an EL lamp. U.S. Pat. No. 4,527,096 (Kindlmann) discloses a switching bridge for this purpose. The bridge acts as a double pole double throw switch to alternate current through the EL lamp at low frequency. U.S. Pat. No. 5,313,141 (Kimball) discloses an inverter that produces AC voltage directly. A plurality of inverters are commercially available using either technology.  
           [0006]    Many portable electronic devices, such as personal digital assistants and cellular telephones, use LEDs for illuminating a liquid crystal display (LCD) and an EL lamp for illuminating a keypad. The LEDs are typically powered by a driver, the liquid crystal display has its own driver, and the EL lamps are powered by an inverter. A driver is required for the LEDs because portable electronic devices use a 1.5-3 volt battery and LEDs have a minimum forward voltage drop of 1.8 volts. If LEDs are connected in series to minimize current, then the voltage requirement increases accordingly. If the LED is switched by a transistor, then the forward voltage drop of the transistor further increases the required supply voltage. In addition, LEDs require a ballast or current limiting device, such as a resistor or inductor, which dissipates power. Inductors are more efficient than resistors but are relatively expensive components and it is desired to minimize the number of inductors required by a circuit. The liquid crystal display requires bias voltages.  
           [0007]    It would provide a significant cost savings if LEDs, LCDs, and EL lamps could be driven from the same driver. The problem is that EL lamps need 100 volts or more AC, LEDs need from 5-12 volts DC, and LCDs typically need a bias of 5-30 volts.  
           [0008]    In view of the foregoing, it is therefore an object of the invention to provide an inverter for providing plural voltages for a personal electronic device.  
           [0009]    Another object of the invention is to provide an inverter for driving LEDs, LCDs, and EL lamps by adapting an existing, commercially available inverter.  
           [0010]    A further object of the invention is to provide an inverter for driving LEDs, LCDs, and EL lamps by modification to either type of existing inverter for EL lamps.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0011]    The foregoing objects are achieved in this invention in which an inverter for producing plural voltages is tapped to provide voltage or current for driving one or more EL lamps, LEDs, and an LCD. One side of a pump inductor is tapped for a voltage that drives one or more EL lamps and the LCD. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0012]    A more complete understanding of the invention can be obtained by considering the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:  
         [0013]    [0013]FIG. 1 is a schematic based upon U.S. Pat. No. 4,527,096;  
         [0014]    [0014]FIG. 2 is a schematic based upon U.S. Pat. No. 5,313,141;  
         [0015]    [0015]FIG. 3 is a schematic based upon U.S. Pat. No. 4,529,322;  
         [0016]    [0016]FIG. 4 is a schematic of a preferred embodiment of a bias source for an LCD; and  
         [0017]    [0017]FIG. 5 is a schematic of an alternative embodiment of a bias source for an LCD. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION  
       [0018]    In FIG. 1, pulse generator  11  provides high frequency pulses to transistor  12 , which is coupled in series with inductor  13  between supply and common. The pulses are coupled through diode  14  to storage capacitor  15 , which is coupled across the DC diagonal of a switching bridge including transistors  21 ,  22 ,  23 , and  24 . Diode  14  prevents storage capacitor  15  from discharging through transistor  12 . EL lamp  27  is coupled across the AC diagonal of the switching bridge. Because neither end of EL lamp  27  is continuously grounded, the configuration illustrated in FIG. 1 is sometimes referred to as a floating lamp configuration. A low frequency signal is coupled to transistors  23  and  24  through flip-flop  29 , which causes opposite legs of the bridge to conduct alternately, thereby producing an alternating current through lamp  27 . The apparatus of FIG. 1 is known in the art, e.g. U.S. Pat. No. 4,527,096 (Kindlmann).  
         [0019]    In FIG. 2, pulse generator  31  provides low frequency pulses to one of transistors  32  and  33  and low frequency pulses to the other of the transistors. Inductor  34  is coupled in series between transistors  32  and  33 . While transistor  32  is conducting, high frequency pulses coupled to the base of transistor  33  cause inductor  34  to produce a series of high frequency, high voltage, positive pulses that are coupled through transistor  37  and diode  38  to EL lamp  27 . After a predetermined period, or after a predetermined number of high frequency pulses, the signals to transistors  32  and  33  are reversed. While transistor  33  is conducting, high frequency pulses coupled to the base of transistor  32  cause inductor  34  to produce a series of high frequency, high voltage, negative pulses that are coupled through transistor  41  and diode  42  to EL lamp  27 . The process repeats, producing a low frequency alternating current through EL lamp  27 . The apparatus of FIG. 2 is known in the art, e.g. U.S. Pat. No. 5,313,141 (Kimball). Because neither end of inductor  34  is continuously grounded, the configuration illustrated in FIG. 2 is sometimes referred to as a floating inductor configuration.  
         [0020]    [0020]FIG. 3 is the schematic of an inverter for driving two capacitive loads as disclosed as prior art in U.S. Pat. No. 4,529,322 (Ueda). In this inverter, transistor  41  is switched on and off at about eight kilohertz. When transistor  41  turns on, current flows through inductor  42 , storing energy in the magnetic field generated by the inductor. When transistor  41  shuts off, the magnetic field collapses at a rate determined by the turn-off characteristics of the transistor. The voltage across inductor  42  is proportional to the rate at which the field collapses. A large positive voltage is developed at node  43 , charging EL lamp  44  above supply voltage, and at node  45 , charging piezoelectric buzzer  46  above supply voltage. Transistors  41 ,  47  and  48  are active in different combinations to operate either buzzer  46  or EL lamp  44 .  
         [0021]    In FIG. 4, a commercially available inverter is modified in accordance with the invention. Inverter  51  is known as a type D372A, available from Durel Corporation, Chandler, Ariz. The inverter includes an inductive boost circuit and an H-bridge output; i.e. an EL lamp (not shown) is coupled across the AC diagonal (pins  8  and  9 ) of a switching bridge within the inverter. Inductor  52  is part of the inductive boost circuit and has a first end coupled to supply  53  and an output end coupled to pin  6  of inverter  51 .  
         [0022]    Bias source  50  includes a voltage tap and a voltage regulator to reduce ripple. The anode of SCR  54  is coupled to the output end of inductor  52 , the gate of the SCR is coupled to comparator  55 , and the cathode of the SCR is coupled through diode  56  to capacitor  57 . When SCR  54  conducts, pulses from inductor  52  (caused by circuitry in integrated circuit  51 ) charge capacitor  57 . The voltage on capacitor  57  is sampled by a voltage divider including series resistors  61  and  62  and the tap voltage is coupled to one input of comparator  55 . The voltage divider, comparator, and SCR provide a simple regulator for controlling the bias voltage applied to liquid crystal display  68 . Capacitor  57  and resistor  65  are a low frequency filter.  
         [0023]    [0023]FIG. 5 is a schematic of a preferred embodiment of the invention in which a series pass transistor couples the inductor to a liquid crystal display. In bias source  60 , elements common to source  50  have the same reference number. Transistor  66  is controlled by comparator  67 , which has one input coupled to the junction of resistors  61  and  61  and the other input coupled to a reference voltage. The reference signals coupled to comparators  55  and  67  need not have the same voltage. Transistor  66  provides additional smoothing of the bias signal to liquid crystal display  68 .  
         [0024]    The invention thus provides an inverter for driving LCDs and EL lamps by adapting an existing, commercially available inverter. The inverter can have either an H-bridge (floating EL lamp) output or a non-floating (one end grounded) output for an EL lamp.  
         [0025]    Having thus described the invention, it will be apparent to those of skill in the art that various modifications can be made within the scope of the invention. For example, only a single bias source is illustrated but it is understood that two bias sources would be used to provide positive bias and negative bias or high bias and low bias, depending upon whether or not a split power supply was used for the liquid crystal display.