Abstract:
A heating tile designed to be easily installed using standard construction methods and materials while providing a radiant heating method that is compatible with both computer controlled systems as well as simple thermostat controls, can be repaired without major floor rework, does not produce a significant magnetic field, is protected against overheating due to excessive exposed surface insulation, and is water and contaminant resistant even if there is minor cracking of the tile.

Description:
[0001]      
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
               
                 U.S. Patent Documents 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 1,015,991 
                 Electric Heating pad 
                 January 1912 
                 Clark 
               
               
                 2,004,857 
                 Apparatus for the distribution of heat 
                 June 1935 
                 Deriaz 
               
               
                 2,533,409 
                 Electrical heating System ************ 
                 December 1950 
                 Tice 
               
               
                 2,559,077 
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                 Johnson et al. 
               
               
                 2,782,289 
                 Heating device [Wire resister heater] 
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                 Nathanson 
               
               
                 3,015,016 
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                 Cole 
               
               
                 3,153,140 
                 Radiant heating panel 
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                 Theodore et al. 
               
               
                 3,255,337 
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                 June 1966 
                 Willat 
               
               
                 3,277,419 
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                 4,327,282 
                 Electrical resistance heating element 
                 April 1982 
                 Nauerth 
               
               
                 4,370,548 
                 Electrical heating element 
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                 Nagasawa et al. 
               
               
                 4,401,885 
                 Planar heat generating device 
                 August 1983 
                 Ishii et al. 
               
               
                 4,426,573 
                 PTC Heating element 
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                 Fudickar et al. 
               
               
                 4,439,666 
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                 4,581,522 
                 Electrical heating system including a mesh 
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                 Graham 
               
               
                   
                 heating element 
               
               
                 7,193,179 
                 Channeled under floor heating element 
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                 Horvath, et al. 
               
               
                 7,193,191 
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                 March 2007 
                 Horvath, et al. 
               
               
                 8,306,408 
                 Radiant heating using heater coatings 
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                 Abbott 
               
               
                 8,461,486 
                 Heating Tile And Heated Floor Using The 
                 Jun. 11, 2013 
                 Feng et al. 
               
               
                   
                 Same 
               
               
                 9,185,748 
                 Electrical panel heating device and method 
                 November 2015 
                 Zimmerer, et al. 
               
               
                   
                 and building materials for the protection thereof 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT 
       [0002]    None 
       PARTIES TO A JOINT RESEARCH AGREEMENT 
       [0003]    None 
       RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0004]    None 
       PRIOR DISCLOSURES 
       [0005]    None 
       BACKGROUND 
     1. Technical Field 
       [0006]    The present disclosure generally relates to heating tiles and heated floor and floor back splashes using the same. 
       2. Description of Related Art 
       [0007]    Heating a house in the present art can be divided into three distinct methodologies. The first is forced air heat. In this method there is a central heat source which involves the transfer of heat to air that is then forced throughout the house using an air fan. 
         [0008]    This method has several drawbacks, primarily in that it produces a flow of air in the various rooms which causes noise and the side effect that moving air cools items quicker than stationary air. Since it is not practical to heat the air sufficiently high to cancel the cooling effect, there is generally a false feeling of coolness as the warmed a it is first forced into the rooms. It also requires the use of duct work which is not readily accessible and, due to the amount of air that goes through it, tends to collect contaminants which when disturbed can be spread throughout the house. 
         [0009]    Their second general failure is that unless specifically designed with a lot of expensive “duct heaters” or dampers to control volume of air flow, individual rooms cannot be adjusted for the comfort of the applicable situation, such as sleeping rooms and cooking rooms verses living rooms or dens. 
         [0010]    And the third disadvantage is that it is subject to the total loss of heating on a single failure. Any failure in the single unit heat source causes a complete loss of heating to the entire heated area. 
         [0011]    The advantage to this system is that external air can be selectively introduced into the air stream and help keep gasses such as CO2 or CO from accumulating in the house. 
         [0012]    The second method consists of using convection heating. In convection heating air is heated up by a relatively small local device such as a steam radiator or electrical baseboard heater. This heating method has three disadvantages including—by heating the air and letting it rise, the highest part of the structure is heated first and the lowest last, resulting in ceilings and upper floors that are relatively hot while the lower floor(s) are comfortable. This can be overcome by the proper use of ceiling fans and automatic doors, but these items are just unrelated capital and running expenses that are not directly supplying heat. 
         [0013]    The second problem is that the heater is generally located either right on a wall or right next to a wall and this causes the paint in those areas to suffer from heat damage/fading over the years and the collection of unsightly contaminant deposits due to the air passing over these specific areas. In addition these systems place limitations on where room furniture can be placed as they generally require a minimum distance to combustible material. Removing wall space that could be used for furniture placement and/or decorative purposes. 
         [0014]    The third disadvantage to this method is the lack of outside air introduction due to there being no force air involved. 
         [0015]    The major advantage to convection heat is that you can control the heat on a room or even side of a room basis, which makes for a more comfortable overall heat compared to forced air heat. 
         [0000]    The third method most commonly used is radiant heat, of which this device applies. Radiant heat overcomes most of the disadvantages of the other two systems. It is room specific heat and therefor, like convection heat, can make the house more comfortable and if properly designed can produce localised heat within a room on a finer scale than even convection heat. 
         [0016]    It inherently overcomes the rapid air flow of forced air heat without any requirement for extra apparatus to keep the heat in low areas like convection heat requires. 
         [0000]    The present art in radiant heat has some major disadvantages though. One of the most popular methods of radiant heat is that of hot water circulation under a floor. This method has several disadvantages including requiring access below the floor to use or take the chance you will have to remove your entire floor if there is ever a need to repair any defects that develop, both being expensive. 
         [0017]    This method also introduces the problem of a leak in the water piping. If this occurs there is a good chance more than just the piping will be damaged and water damage is an add on to the insurance of a house. Along with that is that a slow leak may not be detected and may allow an unhealthy amount of mold to build up in hidden areas. 
         [0018]    The water heating method also suffers from the total loss of heating on a single failure problem since any failure in the single heat source causes a complete loss of heating to the entire heated area. 
         [0019]    Another disadvantage to water heating and forced air heating is the inefficiency of the methodologies. Both require a heating device somewhere to heat up the air/water and since most systems only run 80% to 90% efficient you are spending an additional 5% to 10% just for the convenience of the single heating unit (the other ½ efficiency loss will likely go to heating one of the heated areas, such as the room the heating unit is in). 
         [0020]    Another disadvantage to water or under floor forced air radiant heat is that the extra equipment will require maintenance and thus will be another expense not associated directly with producing heat. 
       BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0021]    This invention overcomes several of the deficiencies of other radiant floor heating methods. By using modified existing tiles or stones or their non flammable equivalents you can install the heating system using methods practiced and materials used since ancient times, and well understood and practiced throughout the world. This is a significant savings in installation costs due to the expense of extra training for installers, and the materials used in installation would be off the shelf and readily available. 
         [0022]    In addition, it overcomes the purchase of centralized heating units used in water systems and underfloor heated air systems. It also overcomes the expense of either purchasing treated wood for floor joists to prevent dry rot, or the expense of heating ducts for under floor heated air systems. 
         [0023]    It does not require the use of water, which means there is no additional insurance considerations or worry about mold buildup. 
         [0024]    It can be connected to standard household wiring systems (according to local electrical codes) and controlled by systems varying from complex energy management systems to simple single room thermostats. The control scheme can be simple on/off to sophisticated variable power control and zone control even within a single room. And upgrades are simply a matter of upgrading the control system, the tiles will stay the same and can be wired during installation to accommodate any future plans. 
         [0025]    The work and planning involved in installing the tiles will be little more than what is required for the same floor using just tiles, and the material cost will be equivalent to a high end convection system, and less than either under floor forced air or heated water systems. 
         [0026]    Radiant heat also allows the homeowner to lower the thermostat setting to keep the same feeling of warmth. Since the heat produced is primarily of a radiating nature it will not heat the ceiling or upper rooms as much as forced air or convection heating, and like the hot water and under floor heated air systems, will use less power of the same degree of comfort. 
         [0027]    The one item this invention does not address is the addition of external air to the building as can be accomplished with forced air systems. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0028]    Many aspects of the embodiment&#39;s can be better understood with reference to the following drawings. The components in the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale, the emphasis instead being placed upon clearly illustrating the principles of the embodiment&#39;s. Moreover, in the drawings, like reference numerals designate corresponding parts throughout the several views. 
           [0029]      FIG. 1  is a schematic view of one embodiment of a heated tiled floor. Although this embodiment shows squares, the invention applies to any shape or arrangement of tiles. 
           [0030]      FIG. 2  is a schematic of a heating tile used in the heating floor in  FIG. 1 . The layout of one embodiment is shown. The exact placement of the components is dependent on the design of the tile but all components that are required are presented. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0031]    The disclosure is illustrated by way of example and not by way of limitation in the figures of the accompanying drawings in which like references indicate similar elements. It should be noted that references to “an” or “one” embodiment in this disclosure are not necessarily to the same embodiment, and such references mean at least one. 
         [0032]    Referring to  FIG. 1 , a heating floor according to one embodiment is shown. The heating floor includes a plurality of heating tiles ( 1 ) disposed side by side and may be of any shape the design requires. The plurality of heating tiles ( 1 ) are arranged to form a plurality of lines and rows between which there may be a gap filled with some form of grout or equivalent ( 9 ) or the heating tiles ( 1 ) may be placed next to each other with no deliberate gap ( 9 ). The plurality of heating tiles ( 1 ) can be fixed with the floor using the standard tile securing material methods and materials. 
         [0033]    The plurality of heating tiles can be electrically interconnected in any fashion as appropriate for the installation. They may be connected by number of tiles, or they may be grouped according to the designers plans, or the control system limitations, but in no case to exceed the current rating of the cold leads ( 6 ) of the tiles. 
         [0034]    Referring to  FIG. 2 , each heating tile ( 1 ) includes channels ( 2 ) inlaid with the heating elements ( 3 ) and the flexible covering ( 4 ) to allow minor cracking of the tile and shifting caused by normal floor deformations. In line with the heating element ( 3 ) there is an automatic reset over temperature cutout ( 5 ) to prevent the tile from getting to hot. This cutout would be activated by such things as storing large flat objects on the tile while the heat is on, or being covered by items placed on the floor such as pillows, blankets, throw rugs, etc. 
         [0035]    The over temperature sensor may be located in different spots based on design criteria and tile shape and characteristics. 
         [0036]    The cold leads ( 6 , 6   a  &amp;  6   b ) are shown going straight through the tile, but can be designed to enter/leave any side, or even multiple sides if the design requires it. This allows the tiles to be designed so some may act as corner pieces or straight through pieces, or even multiple branch pieces as would best fit the application. 
         [0037]    First end cold lead ( 6   a ) is the end which mates up to the second end ( 6   b ) cold lead and consists of enough bare electrically conductive material to make up with the connector on the second end ( 6   b ). The cold lead second end ( 6   b ) can be either a slip in connector or a mechanical connector using mechanical compression or soldering as the attachment method. The method used will depend on Electrical codes in the areas the tile is designed to be used in. 
         [0038]    The slack take up chamber ( 8 ) will only be required when either types mechanical connections or solder sleeve connectors are used. This allows the connection to be made up and then any slack pushed back into the tile. On very thin tiles, this chamber may not be used and the leads may be countersunk into the flooring as determined by the installer. The exact size and shape of the take up chamber ( 8 ) will depend on the characteristics of the cold lead and the illustration is generic and not to scale. 
         [0039]    Cold lead to heating element connection ( 7 ) is done at some point along the cold lead. The chamber may actually be the channel the cold leads ( 6 ) are running in or may accommodate both cold leads ( 6 ) within one chamber depending on the tile material and construction. It&#39;s exact placement will depend on the layout of the heating element ( 3 ) and were the most economical attachment point is. 
         [0040]    Heating tile ( 1 ) provides a method of installation which requires minimum expertise outside of the normal expertise which would be required to install the tile without heat. It allows an installation in existing houses with little more effort than what would be required for a new floor overlay. 
         [0041]    It is to be understood that the above-described embodiment&#39;s are intended to illustrate rather than limit the present disclosure. Variations may be made to the embodiment&#39;s without departing from the spirit of the disclosure as claimed. It is understood that any element of any one embodiment is considered to be disclosed to be incorporated with any other embodiment. The above-described embodiment&#39;s illustrate the scope of the disclosure but do not restrict the scope of the disclosure.