Abstract:
A pallet for receiving and transporting loads, having an upper platform for receiving the loads, and a substructure, which supports the upper platform and is constructed of an upper part and a lower part and several support members inserted between them. A good shock absorption, along with a rugged construction, is achieved because the support members each is of a held-together bundle of spike-like individual elements, which extend between the upper part and the lower part, can be laterally deflected with respect to each other and have damping properties.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0001]    1. Field of the Invention 
         [0002]    This invention relates to a pallet for receiving and transporting loads, having an upper platform for receiving the loads, and a substructure, which supports the upper platform and is constructed of an upper part and a lower part and several support members therebetween inserted. 
         [0003]    2. Discussion of Related Art 
         [0004]    A pallet is disclosed in German Patent Reference DE 36 12 647 A1. Individual ones, or all components of this pallet, on which packages to be stored or transported are received on support decks attached to a support substructure, have been produced from comminuted fiber waste material, with plastic as a binder, to obtain a budget-priced, weather-resistant pallet with a long service life. However, such pallets often do no have a sufficient shock-absorbing capability for the goods to be transported. 
         [0005]    German Patent Reference DE 299 09 001 U1 shows pallets with a substructure of interspersed blocks, on which a receiving platform is placed. As reinforcement, the interspersed blocks have fiber mats or a bi-axially stretched thermoplastic material, if required with additives, which are also cost-effective and can be recycled. With these pallets, the absorption of shocks is often not sufficient. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0006]    One object of this invention is to provide a pallet of the type mentioned above but which has an improved shock-absorbing effect. 
         [0007]    This object is attained by a pallet having characteristics taught in this specification and in the claims. The support members each are of a held-together bundle of spike-like individual elements, which extend between the upper part and the lower part, which can be laterally deflected with respect to each other and which have damping properties. The support members, which assure a sufficient support strength for the loads to be received, will yield if sudden shocks occur, for example when the pallets are put down. Thus it is also possible to prevent vibrations. As a bundle, the spike-like or small rod-like individual elements for one act as good supports and, because of their spreading effect toward their end sections or by bulging in their center area are sufficiently resilient, in case of excessive forces, to absorb a shock, for example resulting from the spines of a hedgehog. 
         [0008]    Great stability, along with dependable functioning ability can be accomplished because at locations which are vertically spaced apart from each other in the position of use, the upper part has hollowed-out spaces on an underside and the lower part has hollowed-out spaces on a top, into which the end sections of the bundles are inserted. 
         [0009]    Here an advantageous construction results if the hollowed-out spaces have a hood-shaped curvature. An advantageous support also results from the hood-shaped or convex curvature oriented outward with respect to the linear extension of the bundles of small rods. 
         [0010]    The steps, wherein the upper part and the lower part are connected with each other at intersecting points where the support members are arranged, also contribute to a stable construction, along with dependable functioning. Also, the upper part and the lower part can be connected with each other by elastic or flexible or movably suspended elements, so that they are securely kept together. 
         [0011]    A construction which is advantageous regarding the way of functioning of the support elements if the bundles of the spike-like individual elements are kept together by a bundling ring. In this connection, the bundling ring provides good spreading possibilities for the individual elements in the direction toward their end sections or, in case of an elastic embodiment of the bundling ring in the center area and, when elastically embodied, the bundling ring itself can assist the damping properties, or shock absorption. 
         [0012]    In one advantageous construction the upper part and the lower part are held together by the bundling rings, wherein the bundling rings permit a vertical movement of the upper part and the lower part relative to each other. In this case, the bundling ring can itself be elastically designed and/or permit a relative movement between the upper part and the lower part, also in the vertical direction. 
         [0013]    It is possible to achieve a stable, yet still shock-damping, embodiment if the underside of the lower part is supported on a base, and/or the top of the upper part is supported against a receiving plate by support sections which spread in the manner like tree roots. In this case, the support sections spread in a funnel shape or finger shape conically with respect to the base or toward the receiving plate. 
         [0014]    The steps wherein the support sections are vertically positioned below or above the bundles also contribute to an advantageous construction and good functioning. 
         [0015]    A stable construction with advantageous transport possibilities, for example by forklifts, results from the upper part having upper longitudinal struts and transverse struts, in whose connecting points the support members are installed, and the lower part has lower longitudinal struts extending under the upper longitudinal struts, with which the support members are connected. 
         [0016]    Steps, wherein the upper and lower longitudinal struts, diagonal struts, and possibly diagonal struts on the upper part, have a lightweight construction in the form of a skeleton, contribute to stability. The skeleton principle results in great stability, along with lightweight construction and a relatively low requirement for materials. 
         [0017]    Manufacture, retooling and possibly simple repairs are possible if the upper part has holding elements for the tool-free attachment of the upper platform. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0018]    This invention is explained in greater detail in view of exemplary embodiments, making reference to the drawings, wherein: 
           [0019]      FIG. 1  shows a pallet with a receiving plate and a substructure in a perspective plan view, in an assembled and an exploded state; 
           [0020]      FIG. 2  shows a further representation of a pallet with a substructure and parts thereof, in a perspective plan view; and 
           [0021]      FIG. 3  shows a further representation of a pallet in a perspective plan view, in an assembled and exploded state. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0022]    A pallet  1  with a substructure  3  and a receiving plate  2  for packages is shown in  FIG. 1 , in the assembled state and also in an exploded state. For example, the receiving plate  2  is made of a recyclable composite fiber material of natural fibers or of wood, for example as a closed plate or as a plate-like strut construction. In a view from above, the pallet  1  can be rectangular or square. 
         [0023]    The substructure  3  is put together from an upper part  30  and a lower part  40 , with support members  50  interspersed at intersection points, inclusive of the corner areas. The upper part  30  has horizontal struts arrangements of longitudinal struts  32  and transverse struts  31  extending at right angles with them wherein, in the example shown, two lateral longitudinal struts  32  and one further longitudinal strut extending centered and parallel with respect to them, as well as two lateral transverse struts  31  and a center transverse strut extending centered and parallel with respect to them, are connected with each other at their intersection points. Furthermore, diagonal struts  38  extend between the corner points and are also connected with the transverse struts  31  and the longitudinal struts  32 . In the present case, the longitudinal struts  32  are wider and more sturdy than the transverse struts  31  and diagonal struts  38 . The longitudinal struts  32 , the transverse struts  31  and the diagonal struts  38  are made in lightweight construction in the form of a skeleton, a skeleton principle, and connected in order to obtain the greatest possible stability with the least possible use of material. At the outer edge of the lateral longitudinal struts  32  and transverse struts  31 , two holding elements are formed which, for example, are spaced apart from each other and upwardly oriented, which partially enclose the receiving plate  2  at the edge and hold it by a clamping effect, snap-in effect or by a locked-in connection without requiring tools. In a similar way, it is also possible for other holding elements to be arranged over the length of the transverse struts  31 , the longitudinal struts  32  and/or the diagonal struts  38 , which work together with counter-elements of the receiving plates  2 . 
         [0024]    Upper support sections  34  are inserted, for example formed-on in one piece or fixed in place as separate elements, at the intersection points of the longitudinal struts  32  and the transverse struts  31 , and have hollowed-out spaces  35  for the support members  50 , which are open toward the bottom and are closed off toward the top, in a hood shape. The hollowed-out spaces  35 , which are convex toward the top, are surrounded by support elements, or support feet  36 , which open upward in a funnel shape and on which the receiving plate  2  is supported, similar to a tree root principle. This shaping of the support sections  34  results in a structure which is advantageous for shock dampening. 
         [0025]    The lower part  40  has lower longitudinal struts  41  extending parallel underneath the upper longitudinal struts  32 , on which lower support sections  34 ′ are formed or fixed in place underneath the support sections  34 . In this way, interspaces extending in the longitudinal direction result between the lateral longitudinal struts  41  and the center longitudinal strut, between which the pickup forks of a forklift, for example, can be inserted. For example, the lower longitudinal struts  41  have the same cross-sectional profile as the upper longitudinal struts  32 . In this case, the lower support sections  34 ′ are shaped corresponding to the upper support sections  34 , but point downward with a section which widens in a funnel shape in order to be supported, in accordance with the tree root principle, on the base and to also assist in the absorption of shocks. Corresponding to the upwardly convex hollowed-out spaces  35  with their convex arching  37 , the lower support sections  34 ′ have downwardly convex, or hood-shaped hollowed-out spaces  35 . 
         [0026]    With their end sections, the support members  50  are inserted on the one side into the hollowed-out spaces  35  of the lower support sections  34 ′ and on the other side into the hollowed-out spaces  35  of the upper support sections  34 , which can be seen more clearly in the lower representation in  FIG. 2 , in particular. Each support member  50  comprises a bundle  51  of spike-like small rods, wherein the ends of the bundles are rounded, similar to the assigned hollowed-out spaces  35 . The “spike bundles” are held together by a center circumferential ring which, in the assembled state of the upper part  30  and lower part  40 , is arranged between the facing end areas of the support sections  34 ,  34 ′. In this case, there is a certain amount of play in the hollowed-out spaces  35 , which makes it possible for the spike-like small rods to spread in the direction toward the end sections and in the process to be supported on the respective facing inner wall of the hollowed-out spaces  35 . Alternatively, or additionally, the design can be such that the spike-like small rods spread in the center relatively to each other, wherein the bundling ring  52  is resilient and counters the spreading by its elastic force. The small rods themselves also have a certain amount of resilience for spreading in the center. With this design and by the insertion of the support members  50 , shock damping results in case of sudden setting-down of the pallets or during transport, while on the other hand large support forces are assured. 
         [0027]    As  FIG. 2  shows, the receiving plate  2  itself can be designed as a strut structure. Also, the top of the upper part  30  can be the receiving platform. The longitudinal struts  32 ,  41 , or also the further struts, can for example be formed from two parallel rods which are spaced apart from each other and which are connected as one piece in the area of or near the support sections  34 ,  34 ′. 
         [0028]      FIG. 3  also shows a pallet  1  in an assembled representation and in an exploded representation, wherein the receiving plate  2  is omitted in contrast to  FIG. 1 . 
         [0029]    As the representations in accordance with  FIGS. 1 ,  2  and  3  further show, the support sections  34 ,  34 ′ with the support members  50  inserted are arranged evenly distributed over the surface of the pallet, wherein support sections with support members  50  are arranged at the corners, in the center of the lateral edges, as well as in the center of the pallet. Advantageously, the bundling ring  52  can be resilient and on its part contributes to shock absorption. The upper part  30  and the lower part  40  are for example connected by the bundling rings  52  and/or by intermediate elements, which for example are designed elastically or flexibly or movably with links in the manner of a chain and prevent the falling apart of the upper part  30  and the lower part  40 . 
         [0030]    German Patent Reference 10 2007 017 151.1, the priority document corresponding to this invention, and its teachings are incorporated, by reference, into this specification.