Abstract:
An aircraft ground power unit (GPU) is equipped with a device that warns personnel with a flashing light and a siren when the unsafe condition exists of the GPU being connected to both the tug and the aircraft at the same time. Similar devices can be used on other towed vehicles that can cause damage to vehicles or structures if towed away while still attached to the vehicle or structure.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF INVENTION 
   There are certain apparatuses in use today which require temporary connection to service vehicles. For example, many vehicles require temporary connection to a fuel re-supply truck, and some fixed structures require either that or temporary connection to a battery recharging vehicle. Most large aircraft require temporary connection to ground power units (GPUs) which are typically mounted on a trailer towed by a “tug” and which supply electric power to an aircraft before its engines are started. Many turbine-powered aircraft further require temporary connection to an “airstart” unit to spin the engines prior to ignition. A problem with such temporary attachments is that there exists the potential for the service vehicle inadvertently to be driven away from the apparatus being serviced before detachment from the apparatus being serviced, almost certainly causing damage to the apparatus and/or the vehicle, and in addition possibly injuring personnel. Many incidents have been logged of aircraft GPUs or airstart trailers being driven off while the CPU umbilical is still attached to aircraft, causing, at a minimum, damage to the receptacle on the aircraft. Not only is such damage costly to repair, but also admits the possibility of exacerbated or even catastrophic damage to the aircraft in flight. 
   The system currently in use to prevent such incidents; involving CPU connections to aircraft consists simply of detaching the CPU towbar from the tug while the CPU is attached to the aircraft, raising the towbar to a vertical position, and placing a safety-yellow “sock” over it to signify to personnel that the CPU is attached to the aircraft. Procedures require that the sock not be removed from the towbar until the CPU is disconnected from the aircraft. The weakness in this procedure is that if someone should fail to follow it, the towbar can, and therefore inevitably sometimes will, be reattached to the tug and the tug driven away without the umbilical having been first detached from the aircraft. 
   It would be possible to arrange a safety interlock that would interconnect the ignition switch on the tug with the umbilical plug and receptacle combination on the aircraft. In other words, a sensor, such as a switch embedded in the CPU plug, could be electrically arranged from the plug to the CPU and thence from the GPU towbar to the tug, to keep the tug starter circuit open as long as the plug was in the receptacle. The main drawback here is expense of making, installing, and maintaining the interlock system itself on the GPUs and the tugs. Also, if it is relied upon, a failure in it would practically guarantee an occasional damage incident. As in all critical service routines where human life is at stake, it is important to assure that, as a final step in preparation for aircraft flight, human beings are alerted to hazards and allowed to take corrective action. This is why the preflight walkaround has been the capstone of aviation safety since the beginning of flight. An uncomplicated, and therefore inexpensive and reliable, system to warn personnel of an unsafe condition involving service vehicles is needed. 
   SUMMARY OF INVENTION 
   The present invention is an electrical warning system mounted on a service vehicle, in this case an aircraft ground power unit (GPU). The system consists of two electrical switches, normally closed, connected in series with the existing GPU battery power source and a combined strobe light and horn. One of the switches is mounted near or on the GPU towbar so that it is closed unless the towbar is in its raised position. The other switch is mounted in a holster specially shaped to hold the GPU plug. This second switch is closed unless held open by the presence of the plug in the holster. If both the towbar is down and the plug is not in the holster, both switches are closed and the light flashes and the horn sounds, alerting personnel that conditions are right for aircraft damage. If the plug is in the aircraft, personnel can only prevent the alarm from sounding by raising the towbar, thereby making it impossible to tow the GPU away from the aircraft. Similarly, if the towbar is attached to the tug, personnel can only prevent the alarm from sounding by unplugging the GPU from the aircraft. 
   An object of this invention is to provide warning to personnel of the potential for damaging an aircraft by towing a service vehicle away from it while the service vehicle&#39;s umbilical is still attached. 
   Yet another object of this invention is to provide a warning system attached to only one vehicle (a towed service vehicle). 
   Still other objects of this invention are to provide a warning system that is highly reliable, inexpensive to build into existing service vehicles or to retrofit to existing service vehicles, and inexpensive to maintain. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
       FIG. 1  is a perspective view of the prior art arrangement of a tug, a CPU, and an aircraft prior to connection of the CPU to the aircraft. 
       FIG. 2  is a perspective view of the prior art arrangement of a CPU connected to and providing power to an aircraft. 
       FIG. 3  is a perspective view of a CPU with the present invention installed. 
       FIG. 4  is a top view of the front end of the CPU. 
       FIG. 5  is a circuit diagram of the present invention. 
       FIG. 6  is a perspective view of a CPU connected both to an aircraft and a tug, with the alarm system of this invention in activation. 
       FIG. 7  is a perspective view of a CPU equipped with the present invention and the alarm function deactivated by removal of the plug from the aircraft. 
       FIG. 8  is a perspective view of a fuel trailer equipped with the present invention. 
   

   DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
   Now referring to the drawings, in which like reference numerals in all the drawings refer to like features in each of the drawings,  FIG. 1  is a perspective view of the prior art arrangement of a tug  1 , a GPU  2 , and an aircraft  3 ; prior to connection of the GPU to the aircraft. The tug has a hitch  4  to which a towbar  5  may be removably attached, the towbar being attached by hinge  6  in a horizontal position to the front end  7  of the GPU. A service umbilical  8  containing electric wires lies in a tray  9  along one side of the GPU. The service umbilical terminates in a plug  10  for connection to the aircraft. 
     FIG. 2  is a perspective view of the prior art arrangement of GPU  2  connected to and providing power to aircraft  3 . GPU towbar  5  is disconnected from hitch  4  and raised to the vertical. Placement of a safety-yellow sock  201  over towbar  5  constitutes a signal to personnel that the umbilical plug  10  may be inserted into GPU receptacle  202  on aircraft  3 . Note that since the sock must be removed from the towbar at some point in the process anyway, its removal per se does not positively warn a person who removes it and reattaches the towbar to the tug that he or she has created the potential for a drive-off incident. 
     FIG. 3  is a perspective view of a CPU  2  with the present invention installed. A momentary-open, normally-closed towbar switch  301  is provided near the hinge  6  connecting towbar  5  to the front end of the CPU  2 . A holster  303  is attached to one side of the front end  7  of the CPU. When the towbar is fully raised, key  304  is pressed by the towbar, opening the switch  301 . A strobe light  305  is affixed to the top of the CPU and a horn  306  (not visible) is installed behind grille  307  on the CPU. 
     FIG. 4  is a top view of the front end  7  of CPU  2 , more closely showing the holster  303  for plug  10  (not shown here but shown in FIGS.  1  and  2 ). Note that in the cavity  402  of the holster there is a smooth lever  403  which projects through one of the inner faces  404  of the cavity  402 . The smooth lever  403  can be pressed toward face  404 , thereby opening a second momentary-open, normally-closed plug switch  405 , as would happen when a CPU umbilical plug (not shown here) is placed in it. 
     FIG. 5  is a circuit diagram of the present invention. The positive pole  501  of the CPU onboard battery  502  is connected by a wire to the normally-closed terminal  504  of plug switch  405 . The common, or in this case, negative, terminal  505  of the plug switch  405  is in turn connected to the normally-closed terminal  506  on the towbar switch  301 . The towbar switch common  507  is connected to the positive terminals  508  and  509 , respectively, of horn  306  and strobe light  305 . The negative terminals  512  and  513 , respectively, of horn  306  and strobe light  305 , are connected to the negative battery terminal  514 . 
   Plug switch  405 , being normally-closed, is opened by pressure on lever  403  by the GPU umbilical plug (not shown here). Similarly, towbar switch  301 , being normally-closed, is opened by pressure on key  304  by the GPU towbar (not shown). 
     FIG. 6  is a perspective view of a GPU connected both to aircraft  23  and tug  1 , with the alarm system of this invention in activation. Note that towbar  5  is down (connected to tug  1 ) and plug  10  is connected to GPU receptacle  202  in aircraft  3 . Horn  306  is sounding and strobe light  305  is flashing. 
     FIG. 7  is a perspective view of a GPU equipped with the present invention and the alarm function deactivated by removal of the plug  10  from the aircraft  3  (not shown) and placement in holster  303 . Deactivation is also effected by raising towbar  5 . 
   This invention has applicability to other service vehicles, particularly trailers towed by a tractor vehicle which are intended for temporarily connection to another vehicle or structure.  FIG. 8  shows one example, a fuel trailer  801  equipped with the invention. This trailer has a towbar  5  that is fixed in a horizontal position and can only be raised enough to place over a hitch ball (not shown) on a tractor (not shown). A normally-open towbar switch  301 , mounted on the front of ball socket  802  on trailer towbar  5 , closes when the socket  802  is lowered onto, and comes into contact with, a ball hitch. The nozzle receptacle  803  on the side of the trailer  801  has a normally-closed nozzle switch  405  within it which is opened by insertion of the fuel filler nozzle  10 . Light  305  and horn  306  are powered by and on-board battery  502 .