Abstract:
An article of footwear includes a sole and an upper attached to the sole. The sole includes a hard sole base forming an outline of the footwear and a mid sole resting on the sole base, the mid sole made of a softer material than the sole base to provide comfort to a wearer. The upper has sock like construction using stretchable materials to conform to shapes of the foot. The upper is attached to the sole by straps passing through the upper allowing a degree of independent motion of the upper to conform to a foot.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The invention relates to an article of footwear and in particular to a method for attachment and detachment of a footwear upper to a lower outsole. 
     Known footwear constructions methods, in particular leisure footwear, include two main components: 1) a formed outsole design with a generalized foot print shape to protect the bottom of a foot; and 2) an upper made with flexible material to cover, protect and secure the foot to the outsole. The outsole is typically made from a molded construction using urethane rubber and elastic polymers alike to serve as ground engaging surface for the footwear. The outsole can also provide cushioning, support while insulating the foot from impacts during a gait cycle. The outsole can be flexible and bendable but generally are not stretchable. The footwear upper is constructed out of layered materials such as leather, canvas, suede, fabric or combinations of natural and synthetic materials. These materials are utilized primarily for style while maintaining protection of the foot. Often the materials used are less flexible, breathable and can be hard and none pliable. In construction, the two main components are permanently bonded together in creating the footwear. A mid sole and sock liner are often used on top of the outsole to provide additional cushioning and support needs of the foot. 
     In a typical footwear construction, the footwear&#39;s shape or footprint is determined by the outsole design. In most instances general assumptions are made in creating an outline perimeter shape to accommodate all foot shapes. This shape also determines the fit of the fore foot and mid foot as the footwear upper is bound to the entire perimeters of the outsole. Since most footwear upper construction utilizes non-stretchable materials, lacing and/or elastic material is used to achieve proper fit in securing the footwear to the foot. The foot is first strapped in, then presses down into the sole as lacing is tightened to secure the foot. This method of adjustment no doubt creates uneven pressure points along the entire fore and mid foot region while in static or in motion. The conventional method of constructing footwear may lead to discomfort and fit issues due to the unique shapes and sizes of everyone&#39;s foot. A generalized footwear shape can fit differently on each wearer&#39;s foot having an equal overall shoe size. It can be difficult to create footwear to fit every foot shape the same way. The inflexibility of the footwear due to construction and use of materials can further attribute to the problem of fit and discomfort. 
     During a gait cycle, the biomechanical movements changes the external shapes of the foot as weight is being applied. This effects in particular, forefoot and mid foot region as it pronates to distribute body weight. In the push off stage of the gait cycle, the forefoot region bends in dorsiflexion and creates a folding compression tension onto the upper&#39;s forefoot areas. The binding compression effects are then transferred onto the top of the forefoot&#39;s toe area causing discomfort with each step. This binding effect is due to overly ridged upper material used on the upper and the bonding of upper to the perimeters of the outsole. The pronatory forefoot flexing movement can further compound the footwear discomfort level as the foot&#39;s natural motions are met with resistance within the footwear. This resistance also comes from the upper bound to the outsole&#39;s perimeter shapes restricting the forefoot&#39;s flexion and expansion movements. 
     Due to each wearer&#39;s unique foot shape, a better way of securing the upper to the lower is needed to address fit, comfort, and minimize pressure points to our feet. 
     Further, the upper&#39;s purpose is to cover and protect a wearer&#39;s foot. But more importantly in the eyes of the consumer, it is the style, color and design that matters most over the purchase decision. With the outsole bonded to the upper, the footwear is limited to just one style. 
     Numerous attempts have been made in the past to provide footwear having detachable upper construction, however, these detachable footwear systems reflect the typical footwear construction method described above, as the upper are still bound to the perimeter shape of the outsole. The prior inventions achieve detachability of the upper to the outsole by adding features where the upper and the outsole meets. The examples can be seen in US Patent Publication No. US2010/0024251A1 where loops are added along the upper&#39;s perimeter to capture the lower. Zipper systems are also used to combine the upper to the outsole in U.S. Pat. No. 4,103,440 and US Patent Publication No. 2008/0235992. Attachment elements are used in US Patent Publication No. 2005/0097781, U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,230,621B2 and 6,349,486B1 to secure the upper to the outsole. A complete upper footwear assembly with formed locking features along its mid sole perimeters to interlock with the outsole is shown in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,083,385, 4,267,650, and 3,878,626. An outer sole with straps to stretch over the inner sole is described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,591,084. One of the earlier inventions pertaining to a detachable upper can be seen in U.S. Pat. No. 2,438,711A as the upper and lower are combined by lace looping through its perimeter base. 
     Thus, many novel ways of combining the upper to the lower outsole have been discloses. However, the prior art does not address the limiting effects on the foot&#39;s natural movements with an upper bound to the perimeter of the outsole shape. Furthermore, the prior art does not acknowledge a way of securing the footwear to the foot without causing uneven pressure points or binding as the foot moves through the biomechanical movements of a gait cycle. 
     In typical construction, the outsoles and mid soles more often are made flat, overly ridged and less flexible. The overall focus is on manufacturing process and style rather than comfort or function. The flat layers of mid soles and outsoles are easy to produce but offers inadequate cushion for many regions of the foot. These soles provides a flat cushioning bed on which the foot&#39;s contour will rest on. The inability for the sole to emulate foot&#39;s bottom contours hinders its natural biomechanical movement in a gait cycle. During a gait cycle the foot performs a trilateral movement known as pronation and supenation. Pronation is a compression state when weight is being transferred to the foot. Supenation is a rebound state for the foot to decompress and return to its natural state. Current production footwear outsole serves only as a stationary platform for the these movements and not as a system to enhance the movements of the foot. To require the outsole to flex and bend with the foot a thinner and more ergonomically designed outsole and mid-sole system is needed to hug the bottom contours of the foot. 
     The mid sole are typically made flat and of single density polyurethane foam such as Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate (EVA) and the like along the entire bottom sole surface. Such mid sole serves as the main cushioning and support mechanism for the footwear. While this is an economical and practical way of constructing a mid sole, it often overlooks the functional and longevity needs of a mid sole design. EVA foam deteriorates quickly with wear over time, with a designed life span lasting less than 6 months. 
     Different parts of the foot have unique cushioning and support needs driven by the bone structures and biomechanical motion of the foot. The rear of the foot, known as the heel, contains the Calcaneus bone structure which serves as the main load bearing base of the foot when in motion or at rest. The heel also provides the initial landing or strike during a gait cycle as part of our bi-pedal movement. As the heel strikes the ground, the heels may be subjected to the entire weight of our body. During running, jumping and other athletic sports activities, the heel strike may far exceeds one&#39;s own body weight. Thus a resilient, more energy absorbent and elastic material may be needed at the heel area. 
     The mid foot consists of a key-stone like structure with the Navicular, Cuboids, and Cuneiform bones. The mid foot also houses the Tarsometatarsal joint which serves as a connection to the first though fifth Metatarsal bones. The mid foot is also known as the medial and lateral arches of the foot. The mid foot joint structure serves as a compressible arch to allow flexibility. Flexing of the arch serves as a suspension system to absorb the load of the foot in compression and rebound. This trilateral motion is described as pronation and supenation during a gait cycle. Due to the biomechanical nature of mid foot, support is a much needed element to incorporate into the mid-sole&#39;s medial and lateral arch design. 
     The forefoot is located at the ends of the metatarsal bone as it connects to the phalanges also known as toes. At the joints of the phalanges and the first Metatarsal joint lies the Sesamoid bone. The Sesamoid bone with the ends of the first Metatarsal are also know as the ball of the foot. The ball of the foot serves as another load bearing zone as weight of the body is distributed onto the fore foot and the rear foot. The forefoot is also responsible for landing, weight distribution, and propulsion as the foot rolls forward to begin the pushing off the stage of the gait cycle. This unique fore foot zone may also require materials to be resilient, more energy absorbent and elastic that are unique from the needs of mid foot. 
     The outsole design in most footwear serves as one semi ridged flat platform to support the entire foot. In particular the rear heel area of the outsole is typically made flat with squared off edges different from the natural round shape of our heel. These edges or pads extend outward adding to the overall rear foot footprint area for balance, stability and weight distribution. This method of expanding heel support can be seen from the rear and the bottom of most sneakers and leisure footwear. While this design approach is warranted in some applications, not all footwear benefits from such a design. In some instances it may cause more injuries for the user. Injuries may result as the expanded heel support unknowingly lands or catches on an uneven or offset surfaces such as a steps or the sidewalk. By landing on an uneven surface, this causes the extended flat heel section to tilt as the foot tries to compensate and find its level. This translates into lost of balance or a quick twisting motion as our ankle is forced to move with the footwear. When twisting of the ankle joint exceeds the limitation of the ankle, flex injury may result in forms of a sprained ankle. A thinner and flexible rounded shape to closely mimic and surrounds our heel contours may be needed for the outsole design. This type of outsole design will allow the forefoot and mid foot to move and flex as it adapts to the uneven surface. The external round heel section allows the heel to slide down from the uneven surface rather then forcing the entire foot and ankle to twist as whole. 
     Current indoor footwear market consists mainly of foam padded slippers, moccasins, and loafers. Known padded slippers generally utilize low density foam for cushioning and padding. The foam used is often of low density and offers only short term general cushioning as it loses its deflection and rebound quickly. The slipper are made to loosely fit the foot as they are made oversized to accommodate many different foot shapes. This causes the user to constantly maneuver one&#39;s foot in trying to keep their slippers on their feet while sitting or walking. Indoor footwear often does not provide contours formed into the soles to properly support and cushion the foot. The padded slippers, moccasins and loafers can be overly insulated without proper ventilation causing overheating and foot sweat. While some indoor footwear are made to be washable, they are difficult to dry due to the thick foam padding bound to the rubber outsole. Sanitary odor of these footwear may also be of concern. 
     Socks are often a preferred choice for indoor use due to the light and comfortable natures of its construction, as they are easy to wash and dried. Some socks are marketed for indoor use by adding molded rubber textures on the sole for traction against smooth slippery floor surfaces. Socks are comfortable to wear as they generally do not have pressure points exerted onto the foot. The stretchable body of the socks easily conforms to the wearer&#39;s unique foot shapes and stay on the foot without adjustment. The light and breathable nature of the materials offer just enough protection and insulation for indoors use, while offering a variety of styles and designs to suit the taste of the wearer. However, known socks provide almost no cushioning and support for the foot. The foot can still be subjected to shocks and impacts forces from walking on hard ground surfaces. Wear and tear is also major issue for socks as woven material being subject to high pressure and friction. The wear is compounded when used over more abrasive floor surfaces like concrete, tile and wood. Typically the life cycle of an indoor sock can be short as the heel and forefoot wears at a quicker pace. Although inexpensive to produce and purchase, overtime the cost may compound. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention addresses the above and other needs by providing a footwear system having an upper and a sole designed with the ability to be attached and detached from each other. The upper and the sole combine as a system to achieve comfort, cushioning, fit, style, and support needs of the wearer. When in use, the footwear uniformly distributes pressure on the entire foot without applying unequal pressure points as feet flex and expands in a gait cycle. The upper preferably slips on covering the entire surface of the foot using expandable materials much like a common sock. The sole can be formed with contours to conform to the shape of the foot in an unloaded state to serve as a low profile projected extension of the wearer&#39;s sole shapes. The footwear thus provides the feel and comfort of a sock with a flexible ergonomically supportive sole. 
     In accordance with one aspect of the invention, the sole may include straps along its perimeters with attaching features able to secure the upper onto the sole. Using the straps to attach the upper to the sole does not hinder the upper&#39;s ability to provide evenly distributed pressure and conformance to the foot for a flexible and adjustable customized fit accommodating different perimeter shapes of the wearer&#39;s foot. The straps may loop through the corresponding slots or mouths along the upper&#39;s perimeter then secure back onto the sole while allowing the upper to stretch and expand with the foot freely and independent of the sole, without binding and preserves the sock like property of conforming to the wearer&#39;s complete foot shape without limitations set fourth by the straps or by bonding the upper to the sole perimeters. Using the straps to attach the upper to the sole ensures an even distribution of the footwear&#39;s weight across the entire foot surface without causing uneven pressure. The straps used to attach the upper to the sole thus achieve comfort, fit, support, and cushioning for the foot by removing restrictions of movement, binding, and pressure points present in conventional footwear. 
     In accordance with another aspect of the invention, there is provided a detachable upper and sole design which further provides many stylistic and practical options for the footwear because the upper is an interchangeable component. With the upper able to separate from the sole, cleaning and ease of washing provides additional benefit for the footwear. 
     In accordance with yet another aspect of the invention, there is provided an upper having a sock like construction to incase the whole foot. A cut and sewed design or combinations of, may also be used in the upper construction. The upper may also be constructed out of a wide range of woven or non-woven materials with different thickness, stretch ability, and pliability to achieve specific application needs. A combination of different materials and cut patterns may be used to enhance fit, comfort, durability, breathability and style in construction of the upper. 
     In accordance with yet another aspect of the invention, there is provided a method for attaching the upper to the sole which lies in the ability of the straps to loop through mouths in the uppers in multiple areas, with opposite ends of the straps attached to the sole to hold the upper in place on the sole. There are several ways for the straps to enter and exit the upper. In the one embodiment of the present invention, slots are placed along the perimeter of the upper to allow straps to enter and exit the upper. This method of placing straps along the outer perimeter edge in capturing the upper allows the top and bottom portions of the upper to stretch and expand with the foot freely and independently without binding. It preserves the upper&#39;s ability of conforming to the wearer&#39;s complete foot shape without limitations set fourth by the straps or bonding to the sole. 
     In accordance with another aspect of the invention, there are provided locations of slots (or mouths) corresponds to the straps entry and exit locations into and out of the upper. Single slots can also be uses to capture and conceal the base of more than one strap. The slots opening may be reinforced by stitching or piping to strengthen the opening against tearing and over stretching. Such reinforcement stitching connecting the top and bottom ends of adjacent slots can provide dimensional and location stability with each other. 
     In accordance with another aspect of the invention, there are provided straps entering and exiting through a single layer upper, and in direct contact with the wearer&#39;s foot. A secondary layer of material may be provided to insulate the foot from the straps. The method of insulation can also create a channel like path of travel for the straps by attaching the secondary layer material to the upper along the top and bottom boundary of the straps. The attachment methods can be of chemical or mechanical means along the path of the straps while keeping the straps entrance and exit locations open. The upper may be constructed out of multi panel and layered material which may hide the slots openings behind its layered materials. This type of construction allows the straps to dive under and/or pass through the layers seamlessly. Multi panel and layered material may also be attached to the upper in creating path of travel for the straps instead of using slots on the primary full upper layer. 
     In accordance with yet another aspect of the invention, there are provided multiple methods of constructing and arranging the secondary layer with the primary layer of the upper in insulating and capturing the straps. Each of these methods can provide unique functional and esthetic benefits for the wearer. Ease of manufacturing are also benefits to consider. The multiple methods are results of using a full upper layer to cover the entire foot while a secondary layer can be attached on the outside or inside of the said full upper layer. The secondary layer can be made to cover the entire foot or just portions to cover the straps. It can also only cover the top or bottom portion of the foot. The option of covering the top of the foot creates a double top layered upper to better protect the foot while a single layer at the bottom sole creates better cooling. The option of covering the bottom of the foot creates a double bottom sole layered upper to better cushion the foot of the wearer with a single light upper layer design. Variations of material used in the two layers can also attribute to fit, support, insulation, cushioning and comfort of the footwear. 
     In accordance with another aspect of the invention, there are provided primary and secondary uppers which may be made with various lengths extending up beyond the ankle and onto legs of the wearer. Longer portions of the upper may serve as esthetic and/or insulation needs for the wearer with a boot like appearance. The extended height can be fold back down onto the upper exposing the inner sides of the upper material and pattern to serve as an esthetic motif. The opening of the extended upper can be enlarged, made with a reinforced brim to be attached back onto itself above and below the perimeter edge of the straps with stitching. The extended top portions are folded down onto itself in creating sleeves to capture the straps. This method can effectively create a sleeve like path of travel for the straps by using one piece upper construction. 
     In accordance with still another aspect of the invention, there are provided uppers which may be constructed with reinforced portions to serve as contact or pulling points for the wearer to slip on the footwear. The reinforced pulling points can be made as fortified elastic strips extending form the slots opening up to a rim of the upper. The pulling strips on the upper can be placed at multiple locations on the upper to provide the wearer with optimal ingress of footwear. 
     In accordance with another aspect of the invention, there are provided buttons which may be used on the upper as another method of securing the upper to the sole. Placed on the reinforcement stitch of the upper, the button&#39;s locations can be kept dimensionally stable with respect to the slots opening. This allows the upper to properly index with the sole in respect to the slots and straps entry and exit locations. In one embodiment of the present invention, upper buttons are used to secure the sole&#39;s arch wings to the upper&#39;s corresponding mid foot region. As an alternative method of attachment, snap-fit buttons can also be used in place of standard buttons. 
     In accordance with another aspect of the invention, there is provided a separate mid sole which may be added onto the sole in providing deeper contours with cushioning and support needs of the wearer&#39;s foot. The mid sole can be made with lower density material compared to the sole by forming it with a resilient single or multiple density foam. The top surface support of the mid sole contacting the wearer&#39;s foot can be formed with natural contours of the sole in providing better fit and support. The contours can have a concave heel cup region transitioning forward into an arched up mid foot region then spreading out into a shallow concaved forefoot region. 
     In accordance with another aspect of the invention, there are provided a top surface of the mid sole which may also have a surface of a second elevation in forming grooves to allow the flexion of the foot. Longitudinal medial and lateral grooves may aid in the mid foot arches flexion while the lateral forefoot grooves enable the forefoot flexion in dorsiflexion. The grooves can also serve as channels of ventilation for the bottom sole, and provide an active ventilation system. 
     In accordance with another aspect of the invention, there is provided unique cushioning and support for different regions of the foot based on the bone structures and biomechanical motion of the foot. The major load bearing zone described above may require localized cushioning and support unique to the rest of the foot. To offer cushioning zones with different density and resiliency, cavities may be strategically molded in places throughout the mid sole. The location of the cavities may include the heel, arch and forefoot zones. Individual inserts of different contours, density, and durameter may be inserted into the cavities to provide targeted cushioning support needed for the load bearing zones of the foot. Combinations of the inserts can be used by connecting load bearing zones to maximize cushioning area while simplify the manufacturing process. Various density, colors, texture and durameter inserts may also be used in the cavities to suit the needs of the user. Inserts may be formed in place by dual shot multi cavity molds or produced in separate mold to be assembled in post production. The insert durameter can vary between the forefoot region to the heel region over a Shore hardness range of 10 A to 50 A depending upon wearer&#39;s weight and support needs. 
     In accordance with another aspect of the invention, the inserts which may also be used to express difference in color, texture, design and style for the footwear. In one embodiment, cutouts are molded on the sole design to let the insert protrude through, therefore making it visible from the bottom of the sole. The insert can also be used as a method of displaying branding logos and product line. Open cell mid sole insert may also be used to provide an active ventilation system to the bottom sole. Extending the inserts through the sole increases the compressible height of the insert, therefore adding to the resiliency for the load bearing zones. Due to the exposed heel and forefoot zones, traction within those zone may be increased as softer and more resilient inserts material provides better traction an adhesion on flat walking surfaces when compressed. However, mid sole design without inserts or insert cavity may also benefit from having localized load bearing zones extended down through the sole&#39;s formed cavities by optimizing compressible height of cushioning. 
     In accordance with still another aspect of the invention, there are provided a sole design which may reflect the natural contours and curvature of the foot sole&#39;s shape. Following the contours of the foot allows the sole to have a more consistent thickness in providing a closer and more direct contact feel to the ground surface. The even thickness allows the sole to flex freely and evenly without obstruction from thick ridged regions. The natural foot contours may include a mild convex curvature at the fore foot transitioning into a raised arch area of the mid foot as It flows rearward into the rounded rear heel cup shape to wrap around and up onto the back of the heel. The heel can be cradled and fully supported in a rounded heel cup shape formed into the sole. The contours can also deviate away from the mid foot to the rear foot region in creating a thicker cushioning zone for the foot. Better support can also be gained by having a slightly elevated rear foot region as with conventional footwear design. 
     In accordance with another aspect of the invention, there are provided surfaces of a second elevation formed into the bottom of the sole creating grooves to enable flexion of the foot. Longitudinal medial and lateral grooves can follow the same flexion path as the mid sole grooves. Lateral forefoot grooves can also follow the same flexion path as the mid sole forefoot grooves. This ensures the assembled sole system flex in unison with the same hinge position strategically placed for the forefoot and mid foot flexion. 
     In accordance with still another aspect of the invention, there are provided holes formed along the bottom of the sole corresponding to the major load bearing zone described above in the mid sole, allows the inserts or mid sole&#39;s localized zones to protrude through the bottom sole. The portion of inserts or mid sole can be exposed and visible from the bottom of the footwear. The exposed portion can be formed as colored graphic logos contrasting against the sole&#39;s material, color and textures thus displaying as a trim level and brand identity element of the footwear. 
     In accordance with another aspect of the invention, there is provided an sole having a raised toe tip area to protect the fore foot toes. This feature extends forward from the fore foot sole area, then wrapping upwards in front of the toe area. The sole may also have a raised heel area that extends from the rounded heel area up over the Calcaneus ending at the base of the Achilles tendon. The mid foot region may also have a raised area extending out from the bottom sole up towards the medial and lateral arch portion of the foot. The arch wing like flaps hug the contours of the mid foot. A molded in slit atop of each arch wing allows buttons to penetrate from the upper. The buttons are used to secures the sole&#39;s arch wings to the medial and lateral sides to the upper. 
     In accordance with another aspect of the invention, there are provided multiple straps to secure the upper to the sole. Front straps may be placed on both sides of the raised toe tip area of the sole extending rearward towards the mid foot region on both medial and lateral sides. The rear straps may be placed from both sides of the raised heel area on the sole extending forward on both medial and lateral sides. Straps then terminate midway within each corresponding side of the lateral and medial arch wings. Straps then terminate midway within each corresponding side of the lateral and medial arch wings. The straps may be fitted with multiple through holes in succession with equal center distance to correspond to the studs formed onto the arch wings with the same center distance apart. The through holes formed in the straps can have a wider opening that tapers to an smaller center opening. This allows the heads of the arch wing&#39;s studs to be guided through the insertion process. The slightly larger head are pressure fit through the strap holes in trapping the studs to the straps. This creates a system of interlocking the front straps back onto the mid foot portions of the sole. Extra holes allow for adjustable length on the straps as it can attach onto the arch wing studs at different intervals to accommodate a wide range of foot shapes. The sole front straps are now able to loop through the corresponding slits on the footwear upper, then lock back in place onto itself, thus combining both parts as one. 
     In accordance with yet another aspect of the invention, there are provided straps having a concave inner section along the length of the straps to follow the curvature of the forefoot as it surrounds the perimeter of the forefoot. The straps can be formed with the same pliable and resilient material as the sole, therefore it may bend to conform to the fore foot shapes of the wearer. The straps can also aid the positioning of the foot with the sole while offering a level of protection for the toes from accidentally striking objects or furniture. 
     In accordance with another aspect of the invention, there is provided an sole made from single or multiple piece construction. A single formed piece may contain dual or triple shot molding techniques to achieve different density, color, texture and durameter fused into one main part. This molding technique utilizes one tool assembly with multiple cavities to engage in stages in forming different components onto one main part. The mid sole and/or inserts may be formed with unique materials chemically or physically bonded together in the molding process so no glue or post production assembly is required. 
     In accordance with still another aspect of the invention, there is provided an sole constructed from multiple layered of sheet materials. A wide range of natural or synthetic materials can be used as the layers are first cut, then attached together in forming an sole layer. The cut perimeter shapes of the sole resembles a flattened version of the preferred embodiment sole design. It may contain front and rear straps with the mid foot medial and lateral arch wings. The method of attachment for the straps and arch wings can be substituted by snap-fit buttons organized in the same linear succession for adjustability. 
     In accordance with still another aspect of the invention, there is provided a formed mid sole providing cushioning, support and ground engaging surfaces for the sole. The mid sole may be sandwiched within the sole layers and formed with surface of second elevation to protrude through the bottom outer layers cut openings to engage the ground plane. This type of sole construction is typically referred to as a driving design. The top surfaces of the mid sole may also be formed with natural contours of the foot in providing support. Inserts may be incorporated into the mid sole design in the load bearing zones of the foot to provide improved resilient cushioning for the wearer. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWING 
       The above and other aspects, features and advantages of the present invention will be more apparent from the following more particular description thereof, presented in conjunction with the following drawings wherein: 
         FIG. 1  is an exploded, elevated front three quarter view of an article of footwear and detachable upper and lower sole design with all its components according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 2  is an exploded, bottom rear three quarter view of an article of footwear and detachable upper and lower design with all its components according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 3  shows the assembled front three quarter view according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 4  shows the assembled bottom rear three quarter view according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 5  is the medial side of footwear upper design with location slots layout indicated according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 6  is the rear view of footwear upper design with location slots layout indicated according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 7  is the front view of footwear upper design with location slots layout indicated according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 8  is the lateral side view of footwear upper design with location slots layout indicated according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 9  shows a pre-assembled view of the footwear upper with the lower according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 10A  shows the first assembly step to unite the upper with the lower as straps enter and exit through the upper according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 10B  is the magnified mid foot region showing straps exiting through the upper as they are ready to be attached to corresponding arch wing attachment studs according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 11A  shows the strap&#39;s through holes being attached to corresponding arch wing studs according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 11B  shows the cross-sections of strap&#39;s through hole before and after attachment to corresponding arch wing studs according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 12A  shows inserting a secondary layer as full liner to insulate the foot against the straps by using double layered upper construction according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 12B  shows the assembled front three quarter view of the double layered construction with cross-section plane indicated according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 13  shows the assembled front, cross-section view through the forefoot region with straps captured between the double layered upper according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 14  shows the assembled top, horizontal cross-section view through the foot with straps diving in and out of the double layered upper according to the present invention according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 15A  shows inserting a localized liner layer to insulate the foot against the straps by using a single upper construction. 
         FIG. 15B  shows a cross-sectional view of the assembled front, cross-section view through the forefoot region with straps captured between a localized liner layer attached to the upper layer taken along line  15 B- 15 B of  FIG. 15A , according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 16A  shows an alternative method of attaching external half liners with slots attaching to the full upper without slots according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 16B  shows a cross-sectional view of the assembled front, cross-section view through the forefoot region with straps captured between external half liners layer attached to the upper layer without slots taken along line  16 B- 16 B of  FIG. 16A , according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 17A  shows an alternative method of inserting an internal half liner without slots to the bottom of the main upper layer with slots according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 17B  shows a cross-sectional view of the assembled front, cross-section view through the forefoot region with straps captured between an internal half liners layer attached to the upper layer with slots. 
         FIG. 18A  shows a method of adding a second external upper layer to cover the straps without covering the bottom sole with a double layered construction according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 18B  shows the assembled front, cross-section view through the forefoot region with straps captured between an internal full upper layer attaching to the perimeters of the second external layer according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 18C  shows a method of a secondary external upper layer jointed at the ankle end of the internal full upper in achieving a one piece construction able to fold over covering the straps without covering the bottom sole according to the present invention. 
         FIGS. 19A and 19B  show the variations of individual cushioning zones needed in accordance to the bone structure pressure zones according to the present invention. 
         FIGS. 20A and 20B  show the variations of individual cushioning zones needed in accordance to the bone structure pressure zones according to the present invention. 
         FIGS. 21A and 21B  show the variations of individual cushioning zone needed in accordance to the bone structure pressure zones according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 22A  is the top front three quarter view of a mid-sole design without individual cushioning zone inserts according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 22B  is the bottom three quarter view of a mid-sole design with cushioning zones extended beneath the mid sole according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 23  shows the top plan view of the mid-sole design with detailed elements according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 24A  is the top front three quarter view of a mid-sole design with individual cushioning zone inserts according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 24B  is the bottom front three quarter view of a mid-sole design with individual cushioning zone inserts according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 25A  shows the bottom view of the forefoot mid-sole inserts design in details according to the present invention according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 25B  shows the medial side view of the forefoot mid-sole inserts design in details according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 25C  is the bottom rear three quarter view of the forefoot insert. 
         FIG. 26A  shows the bottom view of the heel mid-sole inserts design in details according to the present invention according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 26B  shows the medial side view of the heel mid-sole inserts design in details according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 26C  shows the bottom three quarter view of the heel mid-sole inserts design in details according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 27  is the detailed bottom plan view of the sole base design according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 28  shows the elevated front three quarter view of the sole base design in details according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 29  shows the elevated front three quarter view of the assembled footwear according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 30  shows a cross-sectional view of the assembled footwear with the cross section location through the mid foot region indicated taken along line  30 - 30  of  FIG. 29 , according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 31  shows the bottom, rear three quarter view of the assembled footwear according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 32  shows a cross-sectional view of the assembled sole with the cross section&#39;s locations through the forefoot cushioning zone taken along line  32 - 32  of  FIG. 31  according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 33  shows a cross-sectional view of the assembled sole with the cross section&#39;s locations through the heel cushioning zone taken along line  33 - 33  of  FIG. 31  according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 34  is an exploded bottom three quarter view of an alternative multi piece sole construction method with a molded center mid-sole sandwiched between layers of inner and outer materials according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 35  is an assembled view of an alternative multi piece sole construction design according to the present invention. 
     
    
    
     Corresponding reference characters indicate corresponding components throughout the several views of the drawings. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     The following description is of the best mode presently contemplated for carrying out the invention. This description is not to be taken in a limiting sense, but is made merely for the purpose of describing one or more preferred embodiments of the invention. The scope of the invention should be determined with reference to the claims. 
     An article of footwear  1  including a detachable upper  2  and sole assembly  3  according to the present invention is shown in  FIG. 1  in an elevated front three quarter exploded view showing major components. The upper  2  covers a wearer&#39;s foot and the sole assembly  3  supports the wearer&#39;s foot. The sole assembly  3  includes a sole base  4  and mid sole  9  with an individual forefoot inset  36 , and heel inset  37 . A forefoot insert  36  is located mainly in the forefoot zone and a heel insert  37  is located in the heel zone to provide the foot with proper localized cushioning and support. The sole base  4  serves as a ground engaging surface and a carrier for the mid sole  9 . The mid sole  9 , with or without inserts  36  and  37 , may also be molded in place to the sole base  4  with multi cavity dual-shot injection molding process tools. Depending upon the performance demand of the footwear, different density and durameter foam and/or gel may be used for the mid sole  9  and the inserts  36  and  37 . 
       FIG. 2  shows a bottom, rear three quarter view of the footwear  1  and its components, and illustrates the sequence of assembly for the sole assembly  3  as the inserts  36  and  37  are placed in the cavities  38  and  39  of the mid sole  9 .  FIG. 3  shows the complete assembled footwear  1  in an elevated, front three quarter view, and  FIG. 4  shows the bottom, rear three quarter view of the complete assembled footwear  1 . Passages  65  and  66  through the sole base  4  allow insert bases  45  and  46  of the inserts  36  and  37  (see  FIG. 2 ) to protrude and show through the sole base  4 . 
       FIGS. 5-8 . show detailed views of the upper  2 .  FIG. 5  is a medial side view of the upper  2  with slots  11  and  12  in mid foot region  2   b . The slots  11  and  12  are surrounded and connected on both ends by reinforced stitching  6  to keep them dimensionally stable with each other while preventing tears. An attachment, for example a medial side button  17 , attached to the upper  2  is located near center on the top portions of reinforcement stitch  6 . The button  17  is used to attach through the formed in slot  54  (see  FIGS. 1 ,  2 , and  30 ) on the medial arch wing  60  (see  FIG. 28 ) of the sole assembly  3 , thus connecting the sole base  4  to the upper  2 .  FIG. 6  is a rear view of the upper  2  showing a heel slot  14  in the heel region  2   c  of the upper  2  surrounded by reinforced stitching  7 . The reinforced stitching  7  keeps the slot  14  dimensionally stable while protecting against tears. A reinforced strip  13  runs vertically from the reinforced stitching  7  of slot  14  to the top of the upper  2 . The reinforced strip  13  provides the wearer a rearward location to pull up the footwear  1  using the reinforced strip  13  tied to the upper&#39;s structure so the pulling forces can be transferred and connected to the sole assembly  3  when pulling on the footwear  1 . 
       FIG. 7  is a front view of the upper  2  showing the toe slot  10  in the toe region  2   a  of the upper  2  surrounded by reinforced toe stitching  5 . The stitching  5  keeps the slot  10  opening dimensionally stable while protecting it against tears. A second reinforced strip  13  connected to the toe region runs up to the top of the upper  2  can be used as a frontal pulling location when slipping on the footwear  1 .  FIG. 8  is a lateral side view of the upper  2  with slots  15  and  16  in the mid foot region. The slots  15  and  16  are surrounded and connected on both ends by reinforced stitching  8  to keep the slots  15  and  16  dimensionally stable with each other while preventing tears. A lateral side button  18  is attached to the upper  2  and located near center on the top portions of stitching  8 . The button  18  is used to attach through the formed in slot  55  (see  FIGS. 28 and 30 ) on the lateral arch wing  61  of the sole assembly  3 , thus connecting the sole base  4  to the upper  2 . Depending upon the performance needs of the upper  2 , the upper  2  may be constructed out of single or multiple layered material. 
       FIG. 9  illustrates a pre assembled state of the upper  2  ready to be attach to the sole assembly  3  and the straps  50 - 53  ready to enter the upper  2 .  FIG. 10A  shows the sole base  4  medial side front strap  50  entered into the toe slot  10  and exits out through the medial side slot  11 , while the lateral side front strap  52  also entered through the front toe slot  10  and exits out through the lateral side slot  15 . The slot  10  may now be pulled down over and covering the front raised toe area  56  (see  FIG. 28 ). This method effectively hides the complete frontal base of the straps and serves as a forefoot anchoring point for the upper  2  in stretching out longitudinally, ready to receive wearer&#39;s foot. Although hidden by the drawing, the sole&#39;s lateral rear strap  53  entered into the upper&#39;s rear slot  14  and exits out of slot  16 . The medial rear strap  51  enters into the upper&#39;s rear slot  14  and exits out of slot  12  in the same way. The heel slot  14  can be pulled down over the rear raised heel area  62  allowing the upper  2  to cover the rear raised heel area  62 . This method effectively hides the rear base of the straps and serves as a rear foot anchoring point for the upper  2  in stretching out longitudinally, ready to receive wearer&#39;s foot.  FIG. 10B  is a detailed view of the straps  50  and  51  exiting through the corresponding slots  11  and  12  in position to be attached to the medial arch wing. Front straps  50  and  52  enter the upper  2  through the single toe slot  10  and exit the upper  2  through the slots  11  and  15  of the upper  2 . 
       FIG. 11A  is an interior view showing the medial side strap through hole  72  ready to engage the corresponding studs  74  on the medial arch wing  61 .  FIG. 11B  shows a cross section of the strap  50  with its through hole  72  before and after being attached to the studs  74  of the arch wing  61 . The through holes  72  are made with a tapered center section for locking onto the studs. The through holes  72  formed in the straps  50  can have a wider opening that tapers to a smaller center opening. This allows the heads of the arch wing&#39;s studs  74  to be guided through the insertion process. The slightly larger head is a press fit through the strap holes  72  in capturing the studs  74  in the strap  50 . This creates a system of interlocking the front straps back onto the mid foot portions of the sole assembly  3 . It also illustrates how the cross section of the strap  50  embedded into the arch wing  60 &#39;s concave depression to creates a flush inner surface to hug the mid foot contours of the wearer&#39;s foot. A partial section of the medial arch side slot  44  of the mid sole  9  is also shown to provide a pocketed area to receive the bottom portions of the straps  50 , thus continuing the smooth inner transitional surfaces onto the mid sole. Forming flush inner surfaces insulates the wearer&#39;s foot from any discomfort caused by uneven surfaces and as much as 27 degrees differences in material hardness. 
     The straps have a height Hs and a thickness Ts and reside nearly vertically. The height Hs is preferably between five and 40 mm and the thickness Ts is preferably between two and fifteen mm, having slightly concave inner surface and slightly convex outer surface, and the top of the strap may have a tilt T away from the foot at the top of the strap. The tile T may be nearly zero and the toe and heel, and as much as 27 degree near the arch wings  60 ,  61 . 
       FIG. 12A  shows an assembled footwear  1  including a full inner liner  22 , ready to be inserted into the upper  2 . There are multiple methods of constructing and arranging a secondary layer with a primary layer of the upper  2  in insulating and capturing the straps  50 - 53 . Each of these methods can provide unique functional and esthetic benefits for the wearer. Ease of manufacturing are also benefits to consider. The upper  2  with slots described above in  FIG. 5-8  can be combined with the full inner liner  22  to insulate the wearer&#39;s foot from the straps now looped through the upper  2 . 
       FIG. 12B  shows an assembled footwear  1  having the full inner liner  22 .  FIG. 13  shows a cross-sectional view of the footwear  1  taken along line  13 - 13  of  FIG. 12B . The foot  90  is surrounded by the full inner liner  22  to insulate the foot  90  from the straps  50  and  52 , as the upper  2  covers over them. This construction method creates a double layered upper to cover the entire surface of the foot  90 . The upper  2  may be an insulating type sock used for cooler climates, while the double bottom sole layers can provide additional cushioning. Stitching  26  combining the two layers along both top and bottom edge of the straps in creating a channel for the straps is also shown. The straps  50  and  52  are shown as suspended side walls to keep the foot  90  in position with the sole  3 . While not connected to the sole assembly  3  in the forefoot section shown, the straps and the double layered upper are free to move laterally with the wearer&#39;s foot in expansion and contraction. Therefore the foot  90 , the upper  2 , and the straps can flex and move freely and independently from the sole  3 , preserving the upper&#39;s natural ability to conform and evenly distribute pressure throughout the wearer&#39;s foot. The cross-sectional shape of the straps  50  and  52  can be seen as providing concave inner walls surface to better conform with perimeter shapes of the foot  90 . The outer walls of the straps  50  and  52  are shown with a convex shape in creating a smooth bumped out curvature shape  84  on the exterior of upper  2 . Variations of material used in the upper layers can also attribute to fit, support, insulation, cushioning and comfort of the footwear. 
       FIG. 14  is a cross-sectional view taken along line  14 - 14  of  FIG. 12B  showing the straps  50 - 53  captured between the upper  2  and inner liner  22  creating a raised area  84  around the perimeters of upper  2 . It also shows the exit locations of the straps  50 - 53  through corresponding slots  11  and  12  and  15  and  16 . The exposed portions of the straps  50 - 53  are shown in the mid foot region, attaching to the studs  74  and  75  from the arch wings  60  and  61 . The forefoot straps are made with flexible and pliable material allowing it to bend and flex in conforming to the wearer&#39;s unique foot shapes. As an attachment method for the upper  2 , the forefoot straps  50  and  52  also serve as protective walls for the toes and the forefoot region of the foot. The flexible forefoot straps with the raised toe area  56  (see  FIG. 28 ) surrounds the perimeters of forefoot offering a degree of protection against accidental striking of objects or furniture. Combining the upper  2  with the sole base  4  in this way allows the forefoot to move, flex, and expand more independently without predetermined boundaries set by the sole when uppers are permanently bound to the sole. 
       FIG. 15A  shows an assembled footwear  1  including a localized inner strap liner  28 , ready to be inserted into the upper  2 . The strap liner  28  is constructed as a ring of material, without a bottom surface, to insulate the foot from the straps. The upper  2  with slots described in  FIG. 5-8  can be combined with a inner straps liner  28  to insulate the wearer&#39;s foot from the straps now looped through the upper  2 .  FIG. 15B  shows a cross-sectional view taken along line  15 B- 15 B of  FIG. 15A  showing an assembled forefoot section of footwear  1  having inner straps liner  28  covering only the straps  50  and  52 . The liner is attached by stitching  26  combining the two layers along both top and bottom edge of the straps in creating a sleeve like path of travel for the straps. This method of using a continues loop of stretchable material as inner liner  28  preserves the upper  2  with a single layered construction. It can be used as a thinner and lighter type upper design with minimal insulation used in warmer climates. 
       FIG. 16A  shows the upper using a full liner  27  attaching to an external half upper  21  having same slots locations as the upper  2  described above in  FIG. 5-8 , and  FIG. 16B  shows a cross-sectional view of an assembled forefoot section of footwear  1  having the full liner  27  covering the entire foot  90  taken along line  16 B- 16 B of  FIG. 16A . Straps  50  and  52  are captured by the external half upper  21 , with stitching  26  combining the two layers along both top and bottom edge of the straps in creating a sleeve like path of travel for the straps. This construction creates a double layered bottom sole upper  2  while the top portions remains a single layered thickness. Exposed external half upper  21  can differ in color and material with the full liner  27  to create an unique contrasting look for the upper design. The single top layer can provide better breathability, while the double bottom sole layers can provide additional cushioning for the wearer&#39;s foot. Variations of material used in the layers can also attribute to fit, support, insulation, cushioning and comfort of the footwear  1 . 
       FIG. 17A  shows an assembled footwear  1  including an inner straps half liner  20 , ready to be inserted into the upper  2  and  FIG. 17B  shows a cross-sectional view of an assembled forefoot section of footwear  1  having inner half liner  20  covering the straps  50  and  52 , taken along line  17 B- 17 B of  FIG. 17A . The upper  2 , with slots described above in  FIG. 5-8 , can be combined with the inner half liner  20  to insulate the wearer&#39;s foot from the straps now looped through the upper  2 . The liner is attached by stitching  26  combining the two layers along both top and bottom edge of the straps in creating a sleeve like path of travel for the straps. This method of inserting an inner half liner  20  within the upper  2  hides the half liner  20  while providing double bottom sole layers with additional cushioning for the wearer&#39;s foot. Variations of material used in the layers can also attribute to fit, support, insulation, cushioning and comfort of the footwear. 
       FIG. 18A  shows a construction method for an upper using a full liner  27  and an outer overlapping layer  24  to eliminate needs of having slots in the upper  2  design and  FIG. 18B  shows a cross-sectional view of an assembled forefoot section of footwear  1  having an outer overlapping layer  24  covering the straps  50  and  52 , taken along line  18 B- 18 B of  FIG. 18A . Outer layer  24  can cover the top portion of the foot  90  with an open bottom design ending just below the bottom perimeter path of the straps  50 - 53 . The complete opened perimeter edge on the outer layer is reinforced to prevent tears and controlling a dimensionally stable edge. Corresponding to the arch wing location on both medial and lateral sides of the mid foot, a cutout zone  23  is incorporated into perimeter edge to allow straps to exit the outer overlapping layer. This method of attaching along the perimeter edge of an outer layer&#39;s  24  and the top path of straps  50 - 53  by stitching  26 , creates a sleeve like path of travel for the straps. This eliminates needs to have reinforced slots in the upper  2  design. Single layer bottom sole also provide additional cooling for the foot  90 . 
       FIG. 18C  shows an upper construction method of making both full liner  27  and outer overlapping layer  24  as one complete upper. The complete upper  2  can be described as the outer layer  24  and the full liner  27  connected at the base of the ankle. The complete upper  2  can also be described as one upper construction with extended height and a large reinforced opening. The outer layer  24  can be flipped down and folded over onto the inner full liner  27  then attaching along the perimeter edge of an outer layer  24  along the top path of straps  50 - 53  by stitching  26  creating a sleeve like path of travel for the straps. Ease of manufacturing and post production assembly can also be benefitted from this method of constructing the upper. Variations of material used in the layers can also attribute to fit, support, insulation, cushioning and comfort of the footwear. 
       FIG. 19A  illustrates the top view bone structure of the foot  90  with the fore foot (or ball of the foot)  31  and heel  32  cushioning zone. The forefoot  31  comprises a Sesamoid bone and tip of the first Metatarsal bone. The forefoot  31  serves as a weight distribution point of the fore foot and a push off point in a gait cycle. It is beneficial to provide localized cushioning and support with energy absorbing material for the forefoot zone  31  that is separate and unique from the rest of the foot. 
     Another high weight distribution point is located at the Calcaneus bone which is commonly referred to as the heel  32  of the foot. The heel  32  also provides the initial landing or strike during a gait cycle as part of our bi-pedal movement. As the heel strikes the ground, it may be subject to the entire weight of our body in serving as a main load barring support for the foot. It is beneficial to provide localized cushioning and support with energy absorbing material for the heel zone  32  which is separate from the rest of the foot  90  which generally does not endure such load.  FIG. 19B  Illustrates how the forefoot  31  and heel zone  32  from  FIG. 6A  may be addressed by the mid sole  9  design. With through holes or cavities formed into a mid sole  9   a  to corresponding fore foot  31  and heel  32  zones from  FIGS. 6A and 6B , mid sole  9  is able to accept a forefoot insert  36  and heel insert  37 . 
       FIG. 20A  shows an alternative embodiment of the present invention with an enlarged fore foot cushioning zone  33 . The fore foot zone  33  may expand beyond the Sesamoid bone and tip of the first Metatarsal to include tips of all of the Metatarsal bones  90 .  FIG. 20B  Illustrates how the fore foot  33  and heel zones  32  from  FIG. 20A  may be addressed in a mid sole  9   b  design. With through holes or cavities formed into the mid sole to corresponding fore foot zone  33  and heel zone  32  from  FIG. 20A . Mid sole  9  is able to accept a larger fore foot insert  45  and heel insert  37 . This layout provides the maximum cushioning and support for the fore foot. 
       FIG. 21A  shows an alternative embodiment of the present invention with an enlarged foot cushioning zone  34  to include fore foot with lateral side mid foot and heel zone. This enlarged zone represents all weight distributing area of the foot.  FIG. 21B  Illustrates how the enlarged cushioning zone from  FIG. 21A  may be addressed in a mid sole  9   c  design. With through hole or cavity formed into the mid sole to corresponding zone  34  from  FIG. 21A , the mid sole  9  is able to accept a single larger foot insert  47  to provide maximum cushioning and support for the entire foot. 
       FIG. 22A  show the elevated front three quarter view of the mid sole  9  formed into a single part without separate inserts and  FIG. 22B  is the bottom rear three quarter view of the mid sole  9  includes extended localized cushioning zones  29  and  30  shown in the forefoot and heel region. The mid sole  9  can be formed with a variety of polyurethane open or closed cell foam with resilient and energy absorbing characteristics. The main function of the mid sole  9  is to fully cushion and offer a level of support for the wearer&#39;s foot  90 . Density of the mid sole  9  can vary depends upon the size of the footwear  1  as larger foot size generally corresponds to greater weight of the wearer. However, a range of Shore A durameter  10  to  40  can be using depending on the resiliency and rebounding properties of the material. 
       FIG. 23  illustrates the details of top view of the mid sole  9  design with locations of longitudinal lateral groove  41  and medial groove  42  shown along with the lateral forefoot groove  40 . Recessed surfaces of the groove  40  at the forefoot region, following a lateral curved path where the metatarsals meets the phalanges. This enables the forefoot flexion in the push off stage of the gait cycle. The groove  40  can be narrow at the first metatarsals and spread wider across to the lateral side in promoting ease of forefoot flex and accommodating variation in individual&#39;s foot shape and flex location. Lateral groove  41  and medial groove  42  run longitudinal across the mid sole responsible for aiding pronatory flex of the foot. Lateral groove  41  and medial groove  42  may aid in the flexion of the arches as well as the first and fifth metatarsal joints. Lateral side arch slot  43  and medial side arch slot  44  are designed to provide pocketed area to receive the straps shown in  FIGS. 11B and 30 . The molded slot on the lateral  43  and medial  44  sides of the mid sole  9  allow the straps  50 - 52  to reside deeper into the sole base  4 . This allows the inner strap surface to form a smooth transition with the mid sole  9  in following the mid foot contours of the foot  90 . The grooves and channels also aid in ventilation efforts to keep the wearer&#39;s foot cool in every step. Formed through forefoot cavity  38  and heel cavity  39  are shown to accept corresponding inserts  36  and  37 . 
       FIG. 24A  is a perspective view of a mid sole  9 ′ with forefoot cavity  38  ready to accept insert  36 , and heel cavity  39  ready to accept heel insert  37 .  FIG. 24B  show the bottom rear three quarter view of the mid sole  9 ′ with inserts  36  and  37  and extended down with localized cushioning zones of the forefoot and heel region. 
     Forefoot insert  36  is shown in  FIGS. 25A-25C . The location of the inserts are described above in  FIGS. 19A and 19B .  FIG. 25A  is a bottom view showing the smaller raised area of a second elevation  45  as the portion to be extended through formed in openings  65  of the sole base  4 .  FIG. 25B  is the medial side view of the forefoot insert  36  showing the height of the raised second elevation  45 .  FIG. 25C  is a bottom rear three quarter view of the fore foot insert  36 . The raised area  45  offers additional compressible depth available to the wearer by maximizing the thickness of the insert through the bottom of sole base  4 &#39;s thickness (also see  FIG. 32 ) visible from the exterior of the sole assembly  3 . The forefoot insert  36  may also be of different color, and texture designed to express branding and style in the overall presentation of the footwear  1 . 
     Heel insert  37  is shown in  FIG. 26A-26C . The location of the inserts are described above in  FIGS. 19A and 19B .  FIG. 26A  is the bottom view showing the smaller raised area of an second elevation  46  as the portion extending through the formed in openings  66  in the sole base  4 .  FIG. 26B  is the medial side view of the heel insert  37  showing the height of the raised second elevation  46 .  FIG. 26C  is the bottom rear three quarter view of the heel insert  37 . The raised area  46  offers additional compressible depth available to the wearer by maximizing the thickness of the insert through the bottom of sole base  4  thickness (also see  FIG. 33 ), and is visible from the exterior of the sole assembly  3 . The heel insert  37  may also be of different color, and texture designed to express branding and style in the overall presentation of the footwear  1 . 
     The forefoot insert  36  resides in a location below a ball of the foot and on the inside half of the sole assembly  3  and is preferably between 20 to 80 mm long and between 10 and 50 mm wide. The heel insert  37  resides in a location below a heel of the foot and approximately centered laterally on the sole assembly  3 , and is preferably between 15 and 80 mm long and between 15 and 50 mm wide. 
       FIG. 27  is a detailed bottom plan view of the sole base  4  showing straps  50 - 53  extending out, unattached to the arch wing studs  74  and  75  (see  FIG. 28 ). Formed in forefoot insert hole  65  and heel hole  66  of the sole base  4  allow the inserts  36  and  37  to protrude there through. Curvatures and locations of the mid sole grooves  40 ,  41  and  42  overlay corresponding grooves  67 ,  68  and  69  of the sole base  4  to aid in flexion of the forefoot and mid foot region in unison with the mid sole  9 . Molded in groove  67  starts on the medial side of the forefoot above the forefoot insert hole  65  as a narrow groove and spreads wider across to the lateral side to promote ease of forefoot flex and to accommodate variation in individual&#39;s foot shape and flex location. Groove  68  and medial groove  69  run longitudinal along the sole base  4  to aid pronatory flex of the mid foot while helping the sole assembly  3  to bend and flex in conforming around the foot  90 . A raised edge  64  is molded around the forefoot insert hole  65  to aid in forefoot stability and supporting the perimeters of insert  36  (see  FIG. 32 ). A flexible rounded sole heel  63  closely copies and surrounds the heel&#39;s contours, conforming around the Calcaneus and ending at the base of the Achilles tendon. 
       FIG. 28  is a detailed elevated front three quarter view of the sole base  4 . A raised toe area  56  helps protect the toes while front straps  50  and  52  extend rearward from the raised toe area  56  on both sides moving rearward toward the medial and lateral arch wing  60  and  61 . A raised heel area  62  helps protect the heel and Achilles area while rear straps  51  and  53  extend forward from the raised heel area  62  on both sides moving forward toward the medial and lateral arch wing  60  and  61 . Button slots  54  and  55  are shown locating on the arch wings  60  and  61  for attachment with the corresponding buttons  17  and  18  of the upper  2 . The locking mechanism layout of the sole base  4  is shown on the straps  50 - 53  each contain through holes  70 - 73 . The through holes  70 - 73  cooperate with the studs  74  and  75  on the lateral arch wing  60  and medial arch wing  61 . Each through hole  70 - 73  on the straps  50 - 53  may have equal center distance X with each proceeding hole. Each stud on the arch wing  74 - 75  is to have the same equal center distance X with each proceeding stud as to the through holes  70 - 73  on the straps  50 - 53 . This arrangement allows the straps holes  70 - 73  to lock with the arch wing studs  74  and  75  in multiple positions to allow adjustability to the length of the straps. The straps  50 - 53  through holes  70 - 73  can vary in locking positions from front to back independently to adjust perimeter fit of the sole base  4 . This feature can accommodate the foot  90  shape to fit in the forefoot and rear foot zones. Sole base  4  may be injection molded but may also be made from a cut and sewed construction  80  (see  FIG. 34 ). 
     The front strap (comprising the straps  50  and  52 ) is joined to the sole base  4  at the raised toe area  56  across the sole front for a width Wt preferably between ten and 100 mm and the rear strap (comprising the straps  51  and  53 ) is joined to the sole base  4  at a raised heel area  62  across the sole rear for a width Wh preferably between ten and 80 mm. 
       FIG. 29  Show the complete double layered upper  2  assembled to the sole  3  of footwear  1  and  FIG. 30  shows a cross-section of the mid foot as the straps  50  and  52  is captured between upper  2  and the full inner liner  22  by stitching  26  attaching both layers together, taken along line  30 - 30  of  FIG. 29 . The upper  2  may be located on the sole assembly  3  by two single point attachments on opposite sides of the sole in the sole center region. The single point attachments are preferably buttons  17  and  18  attached through the arch wing&#39;s slots  54  and  55 . The formed slot on the lateral side  43  and medial side  44  in the mid sole  9  provide pocketed area to receive the bottom portions of the straps  50 - 52 . Thus allowing the inner strap surface to form a smooth transitional surface with the mid sole  9  in following the mid foot contours of the foot  90 . A flush inner surface insulates the wearer&#39;s foot from any discomfort caused by uneven surfaces and differences in material hardness (see  FIG. 11B ). 
       FIG. 31  is a bottom rear three quarter view of the sole assembly  3 ,  FIG. 32  is a cross-sectional view of the forefoot taken along line  32 - 32  of  FIG. 31 , and  FIG. 33  is a cross-section view of the rear foot heel taken along line  33 - 33  of  FIG. 31 , The forefoot cross-section in  FIG. 32  shows the thickness of sole base  4  and mid sole  9  in relation with the maximum thickness gained by using forefoot insert  36  through the entire sole assembly  3 . A surface of a second elevation  45  is shown protruding through the opening  65  in the sole base  4  while the first surface  48  is being captured by the raised edge  64  of the sole base  4 . The raised edge  64  is molded around the medial forefoot insert opening  65  to aid in forefoot stability and supporting the perimeters of insert  36 .  FIG. 33  shows the maximum thickness gained by the heel insert  37  extending through the entire thickness of the sole assembly. A surface of a second elevation  46  is shown protruding through the opening  66  of the sole base  4  while the first surface  49  is being captured by the sole base  4 &#39;s. The sole base  4  can be seen as a ground engaging shell to carry the mid sole  9  and inserts  36  and  37 . 
       FIG. 34  is an exploded bottom perspective view of an alternative embodiment of the sole  80  of the present invention made with cut and sewed construction. The sole  80  is shown to be constructed from single or multiple layered cut materials in a pattern resembling a flattened version of the molded sole assembly  3  having features similar to the sole assembly  3 . The sole assembly  80  is shown constructed from multiple cut, sheet material stacked and attached together. The sole  80  may have a top liner layer  76 , a formed mid sole layer  77  sandwiched within the layers in providing cushioning and support, and an sole base  78  with openings in allowing the ground engaging features of the mid sole to extend though. 
     The liner layer  76  may have features similar to the sole base  4 , for example, the straps  50 - 53 , arch wings  60  and  61  and button hole  54  and  55 , and attaching mechanism  74  and  75  on the arch wing. The liner layer  76  may be made from material to provide comfort against the foot  90 . A top surface of the mid sole layer  77  may be a molded design copying contours of the foot  90 , while the bottom may have surfaces of a second elevation forming pads  82  pushing through the sole  78  base to become a ground engaging surface of a driving sole design. Extended edges in the toe area  56  and heel area  62  are to protect the foot. The bottom sole base  78  may have features similar to the sole base  4 . The features may include the straps  50 - 53 , arch wings  60  and  61  and button hole  54  and  55 . Attaching mechanism on the straps  70 - 73  is also represented. The sole base  78  may be made from many different types of material depending on performance needs of the wearer. The sole base  78  is preferably made from a denser material like leather to protect the foot. Cut through holes  79  may be included in the sole base  78  to allow pads  82  from the mid sole  77  to protrude through. 
       FIG. 35  shows the complete assembled bottom perspective view of the alternative embodiment sole  80 . Ground engaging pads  82  formed with surfaces of a second elevation are shown protruding through the cut openings of the sole base  78  creating a driving sole design. A molded in cavity  46  may represent brand logo on pads  82 . Stitching  83  around the through holes opening of the sole base  78  is to bond and reinforce the opening. A separate ground engaging bottom sole surface can be formed with a second hardness unique from the mid sole in providing added support and structure for the wearer. 
     The combinations of all the components of the footwear  1  described above provide a new method for attachment and detachment the a footwear upper to a sole. The separability of the upper and sole enables a variety of customizable options to fit the wearer&#39;s needs. The method of placing straps along the outer perimeter edge in capturing the upper allows the top and bottom portions of the upper to stretch and expand with the foot freely and independently without binding, thus preserving the upper&#39;s ability of conforming to the wearer&#39;s complete foot shape without limitations set fourth by the straps or bonding of the upper to the sole. The straps purpose is to capture the upper without interfering with the upper&#39;s ability to expand and evenly distribute pressure throughout the foot. The features described above provide footwear addressing the problems of known footwear. 
     Characteristics, functions and advantages of the embodiment in the foregoing invention have been described in detail with drawings to reference the design. However the descriptions and drawings are only illustrative and do not limit the invention to these boundaries. Various combinations and changes to modify the invention may be possible by one skilled in the art without separating from the scope or spirit of the invention. 
     While the invention herein disclosed has been described by means of specific embodiments and applications thereof, numerous modifications and variations could be made thereto by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention set forth in the claims.