Abstract:
A telephone line testing device detects the integrity of a telephone loop connected to a subscriber&#39;s modular telephone jack. The device includes a modular connector at a far end of a flexible electrically conductive cable, the other end of the cable terminating in a circuit enclosure housing a testing circuit. The testing circuit, when connected through the cable and modular connector to the telephone line, presents a low impedance to the line, drawing the line “offhook.” The testing circuit then tests the current potential of the line, and, if the current is excessive, presents a visual indication thereof. If the tip and ring signals of the telephone loop are reversed, reverse polarity is visually indicated. Otherwise, if the tested current falls within a predefined acceptable range, a visual indication that the telephone line is in working order is provided.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to an inexpensive, reliable phone line test device for use in traveling and home, which indicates whether a phone line is safe for connection with a modem of a computer. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Increasingly, various types of telephone systems are being used today that terminate in a standard wall-type modular jack, such as the “RJ-11” and “RJ-14” standard modular jacks in North America. Other standard phone jacks are used throughout the world. Other, non-standard phone lines, such as those of high-voltage digital or analog PBX systems, while terminating in a standard phone jack, sometimes provide current capacity that will damage standard equipment. Thus, as people travel with devices that use phone lines, such as portable fax machines and portable computer modems, there is an increasing need for travelers to be able to identify standard telephone lines from non-standard, potentially damaging lines. 
     There are a variety of conventional telephone line testing devices, most of which are used primarily to determine if a fault condition exists on the telephone line at a given location. Many of these do not provide enough information to the traveler who is seeking to protect his equipment from dangerous current flow. 
     Such conventional testers are merely simplified devices which use red or green light emitting diodes (LEDs) and resistors to indicate the polarity of the telephone line. One such tester is known and commercially available as “BT-71 Deluxe Phone Line Tester” manufactured by Black Point Products, Point Richmond, Calif., and Radio Shack Catalog Number 43-104 “Phone Line Tester”. Other such devices are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,827,498 to Ross, U.S. Pat. No. 4,626,633 to Ruehl at al., U.S. Pat No. 4,600,810 to Feldman et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,564,728 to Romano, and U.S. Pat. No. 4,920,555 to Ingalsbe. High current conditions are not tested with these devices. As a result, if one of these devices is used to test a line that has dangerously high current potential, the light emitting diodes (LEDs) of such devices will indicate that power is present and may be illuminated very brightly. But it is impossible for the user of such a device to determine if a dangerous line condition of excessive current potential exists. 
     More complex examples of telephone line testing circuits have been marketed by IBM and Road Warrior International, and are described as “Modem Saver™” devices. Each of these devices employs full-wave rectifiers to supply circuitry for detecting excessive current or voltage, and a reverse polarity indicating yellow LED. The IBM device (disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,533,864) generally measures the current flow capacity of the telephone line, but has temperature dependent trip point characteristics. The Road Warrior device (Road Warrior International part# MODS0001) presents a relatively high line impedance and a complex interaction between the “danger” indicating red LED initiating voltage and a green “safe to use” LED trip-off circuit. Five one-percent resistors are utilized to attempt to match these circuits, but are also plagued with undue temperature dependence of trip thresholds. Neither of these “Modem Saver™” prior art devices provide safety provisions against high currents associated with power lines shorting to telephone lines. Further, neither of these devices can be easily modified to provide different trip points for the safe/alarm threshold. What is therefore needed is a portable, low cost, precision current-measuring system to warn modem users when telephone lines present excessive current capacity that may be hazardous to their modems, other equipment, or to the user of such a device. What is also needed is to provide safety against smoke and fire or explosion in the event that such excessive current capacity is detected. A need is for provision of a universal current test instrument that is precise, safe, and low in cost, and which provides a test instrument easily modified for special purpose communication lines or other power sources and special purpose communication or other special purpose equipment in which the safe/alarm threshold is easily adjusted. The ability to indicate and/or test the functioning of the alarm indicating circuitry is also needed in some applications. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     A telephone line testing device detects the integrity of a telephone loop connected to a subscriber&#39;s modular telephone jack. The device includes a modular connector a far end of a flexible electrically conductive cable, the other end of the cable terminating in a circuit enclosure housing a testing circuit. The testing circuit, when connected through the cable and modular connector to the telephone line, presents a low impedance to the line, drawing the line “offhook.” The testing circuit then tests the current potential of the line, and, if the current is excessive, presents a visual indication thereof. If the tip and ring signals of the telephone loop are reversed, reverse polarity is visually indicated. Otherwise, if the tested current falls within a predefined acceptable range, a visual indication that the telephone line is in working order is provided. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     The invention, its configuration, construction, and operation will be best further described in the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which: 
     FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective illustration of the hardware components of the invention; 
     FIG. 2 is a detailed electronic schematic diagram of a first embodiment of the testing circuit of the invention; 
     FIG. 3 is a detailed electronic schematic diagram of a second embodiment of the testing circuit of the invention; and 
     FIG. 4 is a detailed electronic schematic diagram of a third embodiment of the testing circuit of the invention. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     Referring to FIG. 1, an exploded view of a tester  19  is shown in relation to a section of wall  21  having a suitable telephone jack  23  mounted within a wall plate  25 . The jack shown is for insertion of an RJ-11 plug as is typical in North America. The invention can work well with a variety of plugs, and the RJ-11 configuration shown is but one. 
     The tester  19  has an upper housing  31  which interfits with a lower housing  33 . The upper housing  31  and lower housing  33  may be snap joined, or joined with screws  35  shown here, or any combination thereof. A circuit board  37  is secured between the upper housing  31  and lower housing  33 . 
     The circuit board  37  also supports a series of light emitting diodes LED 1 , LED 2 , and LED 4  which can be seen through a series of three apertures  38  in the upper housing  31 , and which will be explained later in greater detail. 
     The circuit board  37  strongly supports a tough resilient connector  39  which should be able to withstand significant pulling and twisting force without sustaining damage. The connector  39  is connected to a short length of cable  41  which should match the strength of the connector  39  since most of the stress forces will be transmitted to the connector  39  through the cable  41 . 
     The end of cable  41  contains an RJ-11 connector  43  having a rectangular body  45  and lacking a normally present clip connector which would otherwise facilitate holding the tester  19  in place after insertion into the female jack  23 . Lack of a clip connector prevents the device from being left in the telephone jack  23  for extended periods of time and ensuring a momentary duration test. Where a modular connector  43  is supplied with a locking clip, it may be easily removed by cutters or other means. 
     Referring to FIG. 2, a schematic diagram of the circuit for the tester  19  illustrated. Although a telephone jack, such as jack  23  may have other connections, including additional lines and others, the circuitry concentrates only on the current supplying potential of the two signal lines, which sometimes, if found wired properly, occur as red and green lines. At the left side of FIG. 2, the upper line is designated as “Red Lead”, numbered  103 , and leads to a 0.125 amp fast acting fuse F 1  which protects against smoke, fire, and explosion in the event that the line has very high voltage and current capacity by quickly opening internally without release of spark, flame, or smoke. The other end of fuse F 1  is connected to the anode of a diode D 1 , and to the cathode of a zener diode Z 1  having a 5.1 volt voltage regulation value. The anode of zener diode Z 1  is connected through a resistor R 1  to the anode of a zener diode Z 2  and to ground, the cathode of zener diode Z 2  connected to the second input line  105  of the schematic of FIG. 2, is labeled “Green Lead”. 
     “Green Lead” line  105  is also connected through a resistor R 2  to the anode of a light emitting diode LED 1 , which preferably outputs a yellow light. The cathode of LED 1  is connected to ground. 
     The cathode of diode D 1  is connected through a resistor R 3  to the anode of a light emitting diode LED 2  which preferably outputs a green light. LED 2  emits light only if the telephone line supplies enough current to operate most modems, such as approximately 6 millamperes or more. The cathode of LED 2  is connected to the anode of light emitting diode LED 3  not visible when circuit  101  is enclosed it its housing, including upper housing  31  and lower housing  33 . The cathode of LED  3  is connected to ground. 
     The cathode of diode D 1  is connected through a capacitor C 1  to ground. The anode of zener diode Z 1  is connected through a resistor R 4  to one side of a capacitor C 2 , the other side of capacitor C 213  connected to ground. 
     The junction between resistor R 4  and capacitor C 2  is connected through a resistor R 5  to a first end of a resistor R 6 . 
     The heart of the circuit of FIG. 2 is a comparator type integrated circuit U 1 . This device is commercially available as part No. RH338/KP, and is readily available from AR Industries, Fountain Valley, Calif. 
     This device has eight terminal connections, and are shown numbered in the schematic. Terminal  1  is connected to ground, terminal  2  is connected to the second end of resistor R 6 , terminal  3  input is connected to the junction between resistors R 5  and R 6 . 
     The anode of light emitting diode LED 2  is connected to the anode of a light emitting diode LED 4 , which preferably outputs a red light, with its cathode connected to terminal  4  output of U 1 . Terminal  5  of U 1  is connected to ground and terminals  6  and  7  of U 1  are connected to ground. Terminal  8  is connected between the junction of capacitor C 1  and the cathode of diode D 1 . The following Table 1 lists the values of the components in FIG.  2 . 
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Typical Values For The Elements Shown in FIG. 2 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 COMPONENT 
                 TYPE 
                 VALUE 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 C1 
                 capacitor 
                 1.0 
                 μF 
               
               
                   
                 C2 
                 capacitor 
                 1.0 
                 μF 
               
               
                   
                 R1 
                 resistor 
                 10.5 
                 Ω 
               
               
                   
                 R2 
                 resistor 
                 160 
                 Ω 
               
               
                   
                 R3 
                 resistor 
                 160 
                 Ω 
               
               
                   
                 R4 
                 resistor 
                 30K 
                 Ω 
               
               
                   
                 R5 
                 resistor 
                 30K 
                 Ω 
               
               
                   
                 R6 
                 resistor 
                 300K 
                 Ω 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Illumination of green LED 2  and red LED 4  indicates a “safe” and “unsafe” or “alarm” condition respectively. When current flows in the reverse direction, “Green” line  105  has the higher potential, and yellow LED 1  illuminates. This indication of reversed polarity directs the user to make use of a polarity reversing adapter which may be included in the user&#39;s electronics. 
     U 1  accurately measures current flow in the current loop to define either “safe” or “alarm” by causing either green LED 2  or red LED 4  conduction respectively. The other circuit components, also readily available, are commonly known by those skilled in the art. Resistor R 1  may be changed to adjust the alarm trip point according to the relationship: 
     
       
         Trip Current=10+(1150÷R1) milliamps. 
       
     
     In alternate embodiments not shown, a series of resistors, selectable with a rotary switch for example, may be employed to allow users to set precision multiple or customized trip current values. At the instant that circuit  101  is connected to a subscriber telephone loop line, the line may be in a noisy environment, or may have significant energy stored upon its inherent capacitance or capacitance of associated connected telephone equipment or subscriber equipment, or may be in the presence of a high voltage ring signal. If U 1  is allowed to trip to the “alarm” state, the hysteresis will contaminate the precision current measurement between “safe” and “alarm” states. Such a false trip upon connection to the line is avoided through the low pass filtering function of capacitor C 2  in combination with resistors R 1  and R 4 , with a time constant of approximately 30 milliseconds when the preferred values of Table I are used. Comparator type operation, well known by those skilled in the art, provides either a high impedance or a current sink at output pin  4  depending upon the difference between an internal reference to external voltage at pin  3 . When the alarm state is detected, U 1  sinks current from resistor R 3  through LED 4 , illuminating LED 4  and starving LED 2  of its current. LED 3  is employed in a bias function to allow substantially a current through resistor R 3  to flow through LED 4  when in the alarm state. 
     In the reverse polarity condition on the telephone line, zener diode Z 1  becomes forward biased whereas zener diode Z 2  of a voltage regulation value approximately 3.6 volts reverse biases and provides circuit excitation voltage to resistor R 2  and LED  1 , which illuminates yellow to indicate reverse polarity. Meanwhile, forward biased zener diode Z 1  maintains safe reverse voltage to precision comparator U 1  with isolation provided by diode D 1 . Internally floating pins  1 ,  6 , &amp;  7  of U 1  may be connected to ground for noise reduction. 
     Referring to FIG. 3, a circuit  111  is substantially the same as circuit  101  with some exceptions. When an operator uses the embodiment of FIG. 2, an immediate green LED 2 , or an immediate yellow LED 1  will usually be observed at startup. The user may be anxious regarding the integrity of the circuit. With the addition of four components shown in FIG. 3, and upon initial connection to a telephone line, the red LED 4  illuminates for a brief instant to check the red LED 4  function. 
     Referring to FIG. 3, the cathode of diode D 1  is connected through a parallel combination of a capacitor C 3  and resistor R 7  to the gate of an N-channel MOSFET transistor Q 1 . The gate of N-channel MOSFET transistor Q 1  is also connected through a resistor R 8  to the cathode of zener diode Z 2 . The drain of Q 1  is connected to the cathode of LED 4 , and the source of Q 1  is connected to ground. 
     Q 1  couples the red LED 4  output to ground upon application of positive voltage to circuit  111  by virtue of gate bias supplied from capacitor C 3 , which is normally held discharged by resistor R 7 . With a time constant of approximately R 8  times C 3 , resistor R 8  discharges capacitor C 3  toward the negative “Green” lead input line  105  thereby turning off Q 1  and allowing U 1  to define the state of LED 4 . The time duration of the red LED 4  check using the preferred component values of Table 2 is approximately 0.25 to 0.75 second. The following Table 2 lists the values of the components in FIG.  3 . 
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Typical Values For The Elements Shown in FIG. 3 
               
             
          
           
               
                 COMPONENT 
                 TYPE 
                 VALUE 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 C1 
                 capacitor 
                 1.0 μF 
               
               
                 C2 
                 capacitor 
                 1.0 μF 
               
               
                 C3 
                 capacitor 
                 1.0 μF 
               
               
                 R1 
                 resistor 
                 10.5 Ω 
               
               
                 R2 
                 resistor 
                 160 Ω 
               
               
                 R3 
                 resistor 
                 160 Ω 
               
               
                 R4 
                 resistor 
                 30 KΩ 
               
               
                 R5 
                 resistor 
                 30 KΩ 
               
               
                 R6 
                 resistor 
                 300 KΩ 
               
               
                 R7 
                 resistor 
                 200 KΩ 
               
               
                 R8 
                 resistor 
                 1.0 MΩ 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     For more demanding medical or emergency applications of telephone line testing, it may be desirable to include a complete functional check of the circuitry, especially U 1  and LED 4 . This is achieved in the third embodiment of the circuit schematic of FIG.  4 . Here the schematic differs more significantly from the schematic of FIG.  2 . The connection between R 5  and R 6  is broken and R 7  and R 8  and Q 1  occupy new positions. 
     Taken as a departure from FIG. 2, resistor R 5  has a first end connected between the junction of resistor R 4  and capacitor C 2  and a second end connected to the source of an N-channel MOSFET Q 1 . Q 1  has a gate connected to the cathode of Z 2  through a parallel combination of capacitor C 3  and a resistor R 7 . The gate of Q 1  is also connected to the cathode of D 1  through a resistor R 8 . 
     Q 1  has its drain connected to input terminal  3  of U 1  and connected to terminal  2  of U 1  through resistor R 6 , and to the cathode of diode D 1  through a resistor R 9 . The following Table 3 lists the values of the components in FIG.  4 . 
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 3 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Typical Values For The Elements Shown in FIG. 4 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 COMPONENT 
                 TYPE 
                 VALUE 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 C1 
                 capacitor 
                 10 
                 μF 
               
               
                   
                 C2 
                 capacitor 
                 1.0 
                 μF 
               
               
                   
                 C3 
                 capacitor 
                 1.0 
                 μF 
               
               
                   
                 R1 
                 resistor 
                 10.5 
                 Ω 
               
               
                   
                 R2 
                 resistor 
                 160 
                 Ω 
               
               
                   
                 R3 
                 resistor 
                 160 
                 Ω 
               
               
                   
                 R4 
                 resistor 
                 30K 
                 Ω 
               
               
                   
                 R5 
                 resistor 
                 30K 
                 Ω 
               
               
                   
                 R6 
                 resistor 
                 300K 
                 Ω 
               
               
                   
                 R7 
                 resistor 
                 200K 
                 Ω 
               
               
                   
                 R8 
                 resistor 
                 1.0M 
                 Ω 
               
               
                   
                 R9 
                 resistor 
                 6.8M 
                 Ω 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     The operation of circuit  121  is similar to that of circuit  111  except that the state of Q 1  changes from open to conducting rather than conducting to open. After a short time set by the time constant approximately R 8  times C 3 , Q 1  connects resistor R 5  to the node joining resistor R 4  and Capacitor C 2  to allow U 1  to perform according to the description associated with FIG. 2 circuit  101 . 
     Prior to conduction of Q 1 , integrated circuit U 1  senses the voltage defined by the combination of resistor R 9  and hysteresis resistor R 6  which causes the alarm indicator red LED 4  to illuminate briefly as a substantially thorough alarm detection test. 
     The circuits  101 ,  111 , &amp;  121  all have an input impedance of about 15 ohms. The over current test is performed to see if the telephone line is safely current self limiting, regardless of its initial or no current voltage. 
     While the present invention has been described in terms of a tester for a telephone line, one skilled in the art will realize that the structure and techniques of the present invention can be applied to many similar devices. The present invention may be applied in any situation where quick testing is needed to prevent harm to equipment. 
     Although the invention has been derived with reference to particular illustrative embodiments thereof, many changes and modifications of the invention may become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, included within the patent warranted hereon are all such changes and modifications as may reasonably and properly be included within the scope of this contribution to the art.