Abstract:
A postage printing system enables users to generate postage indicia and print mail pieces at client computers. Upon user determination of a mail piece print failure, a mail metering application on the client computer sends reprint request to an authorizing authority at a remote location. The reprint request includes information identifying an account for printing a postage indicia. A server computer used by the authorizing authority receives the reprint request from a client computer and evaluates the request. When the account is verified and other criteria are satisfied, a reply is sent to the client computer that includes a reprint authorization. Otherwise, a negative reply is sent to the client computer that does not include the reprint authorization. Upon receiving a reprint authorization from the authorizing authority, the client computer prints a replacement mail piece with the postage indicia. The mail metering application prevents the user from reprinting the mail piece when a reprint authorization is not received from the authorizing authority.

Description:
The present invention relates generally to computer based postage mail piece printing systems, and particularly to a system for handling reprints of mail pieces required by mail piece printing errors. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Postage metering systems, generally speaking, require an account, a printing machine for printing a valid postage stamp (indicium), a method or mechanism for debiting the account according to the amount of postage printed and a mechanism for resetting and/or paying the account. In one system, a person must manually set a metering machine to allow printing of a certain cumulative value of postage according to the amount desired and paid for by the user, $100 for example. The machine is used to print postage as needed until the amount, $100 in this example, has been expended. Whenever more postage is desired the metering machine must be taken to the post office and physically reset upon payment of the desired postage. Additionally, if postage is printed by mistake or unuseable postage is printed, the unused postage must be brought to the post office for credit. Some postage meters of this general type include a modem and a mechanism to purchase postage through a telephone link to the postal authority. 
     Another system allows the use of a computer and printer to print valid postage directly on a mail piece and to remotely purchase the postage through a communications link to a center authorized by the relevant postal authority (e.g., the United States Postal Service (USPS) in the United States). The postage is printed as a two dimensional bar code or postage indicia directly on the mail piece, which indicia contains the amount of postage, a unique authorization number and other pertinent information, such as the addressee, street, state, ZIP+4+2 code and country for example. 
     Metering discrete postage amounts is accomplished by either a secured memory module local to the user&#39;s computer or a remote secured memory module stored in the authorized center. Each time the user prints an indicia the requisite amount of postage is debited from the user&#39;s account, whether the account be local or remote. Additional postage may be added to a user&#39;s account by remotely or locally updating the user&#39;s memory module (local or remote module) upon payment. Unlike previous systems, this system allows printing the postage and additional useful information directly on the mail piece in the form of an easily readable two dimensional bar code. However, this system is prone to even more errors in printing postage than previous systems. For example, in addition to user “mistakes”, use of a printer may result in printing on the wrong media, a sheet of paper rather than an envelope for example, or in media jams within the printer, thereby rendering the postage indicia unuseable. 
     Another system, used by some express shippers, allows a user to print a shipping label, a one-dimensional bar code, directly from a local printer. The user&#39;s computer is connected to the system through the internet and the appropriate charges are made to the user&#39;s account for all printed labels. If a printed label will not be used, for whatever reason, the user notifies the shipper by computer or phone, and the shipper cancels the label by voiding the unique bar code number assigned to the unwanted shipping label, rendering the unwanted label useless. Shipping companies can use this system with minimal concerns for fraud because each shipping label is entered and tracked from pick-up to delivery. However, the number of mail pieces shipped by the USPS is of such a scale that tracking each piece is impractical. 
     Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a system and method for remotely requesting and receiving authorization for reprinting unuseable postage indicia. It is a further object of the present invention to provide this system and to ensure sufficient fraud protection without the need for tracking every mail piece. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     In summary, the present invention is a postage printing system that enables users to generate postage indicia and print mail pieces at client computers. Upon user determination of a mail piece print failure, a mail metering application on the client computer sends a reprint request to an authorizing authority at a remote location. Upon receiving a reprint authorization from the authorizing authority, the client computer prints a replacement mail piece with the postage indicia. The mail metering application prevents the user from reprinting the mail piece when a reprint authorization is not received from the authorizing authority. 
     A server computer used by the authorizing authority receives the reprint request from a client computer. The request includes information identifying an account for printing postage indicia. The server computer has a reprint authorization procedure that evaluates the request, including verifying that said account is valid. When the account is verified and other criteria are satisfied, a reply is sent to the client computer that includes a reprint authorization. Otherwise, a negative reply is sent to the client computer that does not include the reprint authorization. The criteria applied to the reprint request may include a limit on the number of reprint requests to be authorized for the account during a predefined time period, and/or a cumulative monetary limit on reprint requests to be authorized for the account during a predefined time period. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     Additional objects and features of the invention will be more readily apparent from the following detailed description and appended claims when taken in conjunction with the drawings, in which: 
     FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a postage reprint authorization system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; 
     FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a postage transaction log and an entry therein; 
     FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a reprint transaction log and an entry therein for a reprint request; 
     FIG. 4 is a flow chart showing the procedure utilized by the reprint request application in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; 
     FIG. 5 is a flow chart showing the procedure utilized by the reprint authorization application for authorizing or for denying a reprint request in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; and 
     FIG. 6 is a block diagram of an entry in the server computer reprint authorization transaction log. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     Referring to FIG. 1, there is shown a remote postage metering system  100  with the capability to make requests for and to grant a reprint authorization for postage indicia print failures. A postage indicia print failure may include without limitation a mistake in the printed indicia (e.g., incorrect address or incorrect postage), damaged indicia (e.g., media jam) or otherwise unusable indicia (e.g., incorrect media). Thus, a reprint request and authorization therefor may run the spectrum from reprinting the same indicia (i.e., without changes) to printing an entirely new indicia (i.e., changes to all information). The system preferably includes: 
     client computer  101  and server computer  102 ; 
     client CPU  302 , and server CPU  304 ; 
     client memory  306  and server memory  308   
     client input/output system  310  and server input/output system  312 ; 
     client printer  314  for printing authorized postage indicia  316  on mail piece  318 ; 
     client network interface  320  and server network interface  322 ; and 
     communications network  324  (a private network, local or national telecommunications network or the internet, for example) connecting client computer  101  to server computer  102 . 
     Client Memory  306  Includes: 
     operating system  326 , including communication procedure  328  for handling communications on behalf of the client between the client and server computers  101 ,  102 ; 
     a file system  330  for controlling access to and storing of files; 
     mail metering application  332 , which represents a software module having instructions for generating and printing postage indicia  316  on mail piece  318 ; 
     reprint request application  324 , which represents a software module having instructions for requesting and receiving authorization to reprint print failures; 
     postage transaction log  326 , which contains records of all the printed postage indicia; and 
     reprint request transaction log  338 , which contains records for all reprint requests submitted by the client  101  to the server  102 . 
     Server Memory  308  Includes: 
     operating system  340 , including communication procedure  342  for handling communications on behalf of the server between the client and server computers  101 ,  102 ; 
     file system  344  for controlling access to and storing of files; 
     mail metering account application  346 , which works in conjunction with the client mail metering application  332  to manage the generation and printing of postage indicia  316  and to manage the account therefor; 
     reprint authorization application  348 , which works in conjunction with the client reprint request application  334  to authorize or deny reprint requests; and 
     account table  350 , which contains entries for each client account including a reprint authorization transaction log  352  and other transaction log(s)  354 . 
     Referring to FIG. 1, a user launches mail metering application  332 , which prompts the user to input information for printing a postage indicia  316  on a mail piece  318 . The user verifies the information, and then the mail metering application generates the postage indicia and prints that postage indicia  316  on mail piece  318  using an attached or networked printer  314 . Mail metering application  332  then debits the user&#39;s account by the amount of postage printed and saves the information of each printed indicia to postage transaction log  336 . In some implementations, the account balance from which the postage amount is debited is maintained securely by a device attached to the client computer. In other implementations, the account balance is maintained securely by a remote computer, in which case the client computer must communicate with the remote computer each time a new postage indicia is generated. 
     Referring to FIG. 2, each entry of postage transaction log  336  and thus each postage indicia  316  includes, by way of example, the following information: 
     ascending register of the account  400   
     descending register of the account  402 ; 
     destination address  404 ; 
     destination ZIP code (5+4+2)  405 ; 
     certificate code  406 , which is the X509 certificate for the account (this item will typically be included in the postage indicia  316 , but not the log entry, because it is always the same); 
     amount of postage  408 ; 
     origination information (ZIP code and address for example)  410 ; and 
     date of mailing  412 . 
     Additionally, the printed postage indicia  316  may also include the meter/account number for identification purposes. The skilled artisan will recognize the above list may be varied without deviating from the scope of the present invention. 
     Referring again to FIG. 1, if there is a postage indicia print failure, the user launches reprint request application  334 . As described herein, reprint request application  334  is a separate application; however, the skilled artisan will readily recognize it may be imbedded or otherwise incorporated with mail metering application  332  or other applications without deviating from the scope of the present invention. 
     Referring to FIG. 4, reprint request application  334  first determines whether there has been a postage indicia print failure ( 450 ), for example by asking the user to confirm that a postage indicia print failure has occurred. If not, the application is completed. If a postage indicia print failure has occurred, the corresponding entry from postage transaction log  336  is copied ( 452 ); a reprint request code  414 , the user&#39;s meter/account number  416  and a status field  418  are attached ( 454 ) to establish a reprint request record  420  (FIG.  3 ); and the status field  418  is set to pending. The reprint request record  420  is saved ( 456 ) to the reprint request transaction log  338  (FIG.  3 ); reprint request record  420  is sent to the authorizing authority ( 458 ), via communications network  324 ; and a reply from the same is received ( 460 ). 
     If the request is authorized ( 462 ) the status of reprint request record  420  is changed to authorized ( 466 ). A unique authorization code from the authorizing authority may be attached to the reprint request record  420 . The postage indicia  316  is reprinted ( 464 ); and reprint request application  334  is completed ( 470 ). As discussed above, the reprinted postage indicia may include no, few or many changes to the information contained therein. Additionally, the reprinted postal indicia may include the unique authorization code and/or the reprint request code for use by the postal authority to prevent fraudulent behavior. For example, the postal authority could scan each mail piece for the unique code and cross check to verify that the original indicia was not also used. 
     If the request is denied ( 468 ), the status of reprint request record  420  is changed to denied ( 466 ) and reprint request application  334  is completed ( 470 ). 
     Referring to FIG. 5, reprint authorization application  340  authorizes or denies the reprint request and may initiate an audit of the user. Request record  420  is received ( 480 ) and the user&#39;s account is validated ( 482 ). The request authorizing authority may be the vendor of the metering services, the postal authority or company (e.g., the USPS) or a third party independent from either the postal authority or the vendor of the metering services. Thus, the account authorization may be as simple as referring to an internal account data base or remotely accessing the data base of a third party, i.e., the postal authority or the vendor of the metering services. If the account is invalid the request is automatically denied ( 484 ). If the account is valid, the reprint authorization application  348  saves the received request as a reprint authorization record  422  in reprint authorization transaction log  352  ( 486 ) (see FIG. 6) and evaluates the request ( 488 ). 
     Evaluation of the request may include, by way of example, comparing the number, or frequency, or other characteristic of the reprint requests made by a particular user against one or more threshold values. More generally, any number of predefined evaluation criteria may be applied to each received reprint request. If any of the applicable thresholds are not met, or any of the evaluation criteria are not satisfied, the status of reprint authorization record  422  is changed to denied ( 492 ), and a denial is sent back to the user ( 494 ). If none of the applicable thresholds are exceeded, the status of the reprint authorization record  422  is changed to authorized ( 496 ), and an authorization is sent back to the user ( 498 ), which may include a unique authorization code attached thereto ( 497 ). The unique authorization code may be used by the USPS for prevention of fraud. 
     A skilled artisan will readily recognize the threshold(s) used to determine whether a reprint request should be authorized may be established according to many methods. For example, a threshold may be a stochastically determined expected value (i.e., expected number of reprint requests) for a particular user, which value may be based on historical data such as mail volume of a user (or a group representative of a user), industry of a user, size of a user and/or other parameters well known to the skilled artisan. The thresholds applied to a reprint request may include, for example, a limit on the number of reprint requests that will be authorized for a particular account during a predefined time period (e.g., a month), and a cumulative monetary limit on the amount of postage in authorized postage indicia reprints during a particular time period. Other criteria applied to each reprint request may include an analysis of the return and destination addresses, including a comparison of those addresses with previous return and destination addresses used on mail pieces by the account. 
     The evaluation process may serve to prevent fraudulent behavior. For example, the evaluation process may trigger an audit of a user and/or a report to the postal authority based on the number of and/or frequency of reprint requests as compared to the threshold. The audit or report may be triggered using the same or different threshold(s) as used to provide or deny reprint authorization. Additionally, it is believed that users knowing reprint request histories are recorded and tracked will be dissuaded from fraudulent behavior. Therefore, the current invention provides a system for reducing the incidence of fraud without the need for tracking each postal indicia. Alternatively, the postal authority could scan each mail piece for indicia having reprint authorization and verify that the original indicia was not also used, as discussed above. 
     Alternate Embodiments 
     The present invention can be implemented as a computer program product that includes a computer program mechanism embedded in a computer readable storage medium. For instance, the computer program product could contain the program modules shown in FIG.  1 . These program modules may be stored on a CD-ROM, magnetic disk storage product, or any other computer readable data or program storage product. The software modules in the computer program product may also be distributed electronically, via the Internet or otherwise, by transmission of a computer data signal (in which the software modules are embedded) on a carrier wave. 
     Therefore, the current invention provides a system for permitting a user of remote and/or electronic (digital) postage metering systems to obtain reprint authorization for postage indicia print failures. Furthermore, an embodiment of the system in accordance with the present invention reduces the incidence of fraud without the need for tracking each postage indicia passed through the postal authority. An alternative embodiment of the present invention may provide fraud reduction by scanning each postage indicia for reprint authorization codes. 
     While the present invention has been described with reference to a few specific embodiments, the description is illustrative of the invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention. Various modifications may occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the true spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.