Abstract:
The device according to the invention consists of associating a laser inspection head including a source emitting a laser beam swept along a defined axis and a handling robot seeing to the movement and spatial orientation of parts whose structure requires inspection. The inspection head and the handling robot are configured and arranged across from one another such that the inspection head occupying a stationary position, the handling robot can move the part to be inspected across from the inspection head, such that the sweep of the laser beam combined with the movement of the part in a direction perpendicular to the sweeping direction makes it possible to inspect the entire surface of the part. In one particular configuration, the handling robot makes it possible to vary the orientation of the part relative to the direction of the laser beam so as to have optimal lighting of the part.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application is the National Stage of International Application No. PCT/EP2014/062403 having an International Filing Date of 13 Jun. 2014, which designated the United States of America, and which International Application was published under PCT Article 21 (s) as WO Publication 2014/198910 A1 and which claims priority from, and the benefit of, French Application No. 1355582 filed on 14 Jun. 2013, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND 
       [0002]    1. Field 
         [0003]    The presently disclosed embodiment relates to the general field of ultrasonic inspection of the manufacturing quality of aeronautical system parts, especially composite parts, and more particularly to the inspection of the material health of such parts by laser-ultrasound. 
         [0004]    2. Brief Description of Related Developments 
         [0005]    The analysis of the material health of structural elements is at the present time carried out by laser-ultrasound, which is a contactless inspection method that is very suitable for parts of complex shape. 
         [0006]    It will be recalled here that analysis of material health consists in searching for defects, delaminations, shrink marks, pores, cracks or other anomalies that may be found in materials used to manufacture mechanical parts, especially structural elements. 
         [0007]    To meet the need for high-throughput inspection of parts, the current tendency is to entrust the execution of integrity tests to automatic systems, in other words robots. The execution of these tests by robots especially makes it possible, in the context of tests on mass-produced parts, to ensure an excellent reproducibility of the tests from one part to the next. 
         [0008]    From a structural point of view, these robots are generally equipped with an arm, or more generally a movable appendage, terminating in a laser source. Especially in the case of inspection of large parts, these robots may furthermore be configured so as to be able to move so as to position themselves in proximity to the part. 
         [0009]    In certain existing installations, the parts to be inspected are held stationary during the inspection. The robot moves the inspecting head over the part, and hence it is the inspecting head, and not the part, that moves. This is in particular the case for installations intended to test large parts. 
         [0010]    Depending on the circumstances, the laser source may then be a stationary beam source, the integrity test then being carried out by moving the inspecting head so that it illuminates in succession a set of points distributed over the surface of the part that it is desired to inspect. In such a configuration, the part is inspected by operating the robot in a dynamic mode. The surface is thus scanned by moving the robot, or at least the inspecting head, relative to the surface to be inspected. 
         [0011]    Alternatively, the laser source may also be a moving beam source. In this second case, the source is itself equipped with optical means, mirrors for example, allowing, to a certain extent, the laser beam produced to be deflected about one or two axes. Thus, the integrity test is carried out by positioning the source in succession facing the part at various points that are spaced apart from each other, and by scanning a surface portion with the laser beam emitted by the source so that said beam covers a given zone of the surface of the part. The number and arrangement of the inspection points are defined such that during the test the entirety of the surface of the part is scanned by the laser beam. Such a configuration is especially used in the LUCIE (acronym of “Laser Ultrasonics Composite inspection Equipment”) system developed by the Applicant. 
         [0012]    In contrast, in other existing installations the robot includes a stationary inspecting head with a stationary laser beam source and it is the parts to be inspected that are moved and passed in front of the inspecting head. It is then the movement of the inspected part that makes it possible for the inspecting head to scan the entire surface of the part. In such installations the part may for example be moved by a handling arm that picks up the part and moves it facing the inspecting head. Such installations have the advantage of being simple and robust, insofar as, since the inspecting head remains stationary, it is easier to supply the laser source with power than would be the case if the same source were mobile. The handling arm here serves only to move the inspected part. This simplicity is moreover amplified if the laser source used emits a stationary beam. In contrast, to inspect the entirety of the part the handling arm must be able to precisely position the part relative to the inspecting head, and be able to rapidly more the latter. 
         [0013]    Although these two types of installation are generally very suitable for the type of integrity inspections currently carried out by robots, there are however cases where they lead to limitations, especially in terms of the rapidity of inspection execution or even in terms of the effectiveness of the tests performed. In particular, such installations are generally not very appropriate for the inspection of the integrity parts having irregular surfaces, with more or less marked reliefs, and/or a complex geometry. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0014]    One aim of the presently disclosed embodiment is to provide a means allowing operational constraints on existing robotic installations for inspecting parts to be overcome, in particular in the context of testing of the structural integrity of aeronautical parts. 
         [0015]    For this purpose, the subject of the presently disclosed embodiment is a device for inspecting the structure of a composite part including an inspecting head itself including a source emitting at least one laser beam, and a handling robot configured to hold the part and move the surface of said part relative to the inspecting head in such a way that said surface is able to be scanned by the laser beam emitted by the source with which the inspecting head is equipped. Said laser source includes means for scanning the emitted laser beam along a given scanning axis and with a given scanning amplitude. The handling robot is configured in order to be able to move the surface of the part along an axis substantially perpendicular to the axis along which the laser beam moves. 
         [0016]    According to various arrangements that may optionally be used conjointly: 
         [0017]    the laser source emitting two laser beams, it comprises means allowing the two beams to be scanned along two parallel axes. 
         [0018]    the laser source emitting two laser beams, the means for scanning the two laser beams are configured so that each beam is scanned independently of the other. 
         [0019]    the handling robot is configured in such a way that after each scan by the laser source, the surface of the part is moved relative to the inspecting head in such a way that the following scan covers a zone of the surface of the part as yet not scanned thereby. 
         [0020]    the laser source emitting two laser beams, the motional step, d′, of the part after each scan and the separation between the two laser beams is defined so as to obtain a complete scan of the surface of the part with the desired resolution. 
         [0021]    the handling robot is configured so as to allow the surface of the inspected part to be orientated relative to the inspecting head in such a way that at every inspection point on the surface of the part the laser beam has an incidence that is optimal in illumination terms. 
         [0022]    the handling robot includes means for gripping the part, which means are capable of making the surface of the part pivot about two substantially perpendicular axes. 
         [0023]    the handling robot consists of a translating element on which the parts to be inspected are placed, which ensures a linear movement of said parts. Said element is arranged relative to the inspecting head in such a way that the part to be inspected moves along an axis substantially perpendicular to the scanning axis of the laser beam. 
         [0024]    the handling robot consisting of a translating element, it is configured in such a way that, during the inspection operation, each part to be inspected can be brought, via a continuous movement of the translating element, into proximity with the inspecting head, then moved stepwise between two successive scans under the laser source. 
         [0025]    the handling robot consists of a rotating element on which the part to be inspected is placed and ensuring a rotation of said part about itself, said element being arranged relative to the inspecting head in such a way that the faces of the part to be inspected are scanned in succession by the laser beam of the inspecting head. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0026]    Features and advantages of the presently disclosed embodiment will be better appreciated by virtue of the following description, which makes reference to the appended figures, in which: 
           [0027]      FIGS. 1A and 1B  are schematic representations of the device according to a first aspect of the presently disclosed embodiment; 
           [0028]      FIG. 2  is a schematic representation of the device according to a second aspect of the disclosed embodiment 
           [0029]      FIG. 3  is a schematic representation of the device according to a third aspect of the disclosed embodiment; and 
           [0030]      FIG. 4  is a schematic representation of the device according to a fourth aspect of the disclosed embodiment. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0031]    Whatever the envisioned aspect, the essential feature of the device according to the presently disclosed embodiment is to combine an inspecting head using a mobile laser beam, and means for holding the inspected part and moving this part facing the inspecting head in such way that the entirety of the surface of the part can be illuminated by the beam during the test. 
         [0032]    According to the presently disclosed embodiment, the laser source includes means allowing the laser beam to be deflected along a single axis, so as to perform a mono-axial scan. This deflection, which is advantageously simple to implement, may be carried out by any known means, for example by a mirror that is rotatable relative to the emission direction of the laser beam. 
         [0033]    Also according to the presently disclosed embodiment, the means for holding and moving the inspected part are configured so as to be able, during the inspection, to move the part facing the inspecting head, in a direction substantially perpendicular to the scanning direction of the laser beam. 
         [0034]      FIGS. 1A and 1B  show, by way of nonlimiting examples, a first aspect of the device according to the presently disclosed embodiment. 
         [0035]    In this aspect, the device  11  here includes an inspecting head  12  including a single-beam laser source and a robot  13  equipped with a handling arm, which holds the part  14  and positions and orients it facing the head  12 . The use of a handling robot here advantageously allows the part  14  to be moved, relative to the inspecting head  12 , independently along three axes X, Y and  5 . It is thus possible to position the part  14  as desired relative to the inspecting head  12 . 
         [0036]    Consequently, the inspection of a part  14  consists, for example, from an initial position of the part relative to the inspecting head  12 , in deflecting the laser beam  15  so that it scans the part along a line parallel to the K-axis, which line is represented by the arrow  16 , then, when the maximum deflection of the beam is reached, in moving the part  14  a distance d along the Y-axis perpendicular to the X-axis and in deflecting the laser beam  15  in the opposite direction so that it scans the part along a line parallel to the preceding scanning line and distant therefrom by a step distance d, which line is represented by the arrow  17 . 
         [0037]    Alternatively, to inspect the part  14 , it is of course possible, after each movement d, to scan the laser beam in a single direction corresponding to the direction of the arrow  16  or of the arrow  17 . 
         [0038]    It will be noted here that the motional step, d, of the part after each scan is defined so as to obtain a complete scan of the surface of the part  14  with the desired resolution. 
         [0039]    It is thus possible, by combining the scan of the laser beam  15  with a gradual linear movement of the part  14  along the Y-axis, to carry out a gradual inspection, line by line, of all the surface of the part  14 . 
         [0040]    Such a methodology advantageously allows inspection time to be optimized insofar as, during the duration of a scan, the inspected part is in a stationary position and as synchronization between the laser emission and the movement of the part  14  facing the inspecting head  12  is necessary only at the moment of the line change. 
         [0041]      FIG. 2  shows, also by way of nonlimiting example, a second aspect of the device according to the presently disclosed embodiment. 
         [0042]    In this aspect, the device  21  here includes an inspecting head  22  including a laser source emitting two beams  23  and  24 , and a handling robot  13  that holds the part  14  and positions and orients it facing the head. In this second aspect, the laser source includes means allowing the laser beams  23  and  24  to be deflected along two parallel axes, represented by the dotted lines  25  and  26 , so as to carry out a mono-axial scan with each of the two beams, the beams  23  and  24  being able to be deflected in two directions as illustrated by the double arrow  27 . Depending on the variant aspect in question, the means allowing the two laser beams to be deflected are configured either to perform a simultaneous scan of the two beams or to perform two independent scans. 
         [0043]    In comparison with the aspect in  FIGS. 1A and 1B , this second aspect advantageously allows the surface of the part  14  to be explored twice as fast, the movement, d′, of the part  14  between two consecutive scans then preferably being equal to two time the step distance d used in the case of a single-beam scan. 
         [0044]    It will be noted here that the motional step, d′ of the part after each scan and the separation between the two laser beams are defined so as to obtain a complete scan of the surface of the part  14  with desired resolution. 
         [0045]      FIG. 3  illustrates one variant aspect that may apply to the two aspects  FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 2 . 
         [0046]    According to this advantageous variant, applied, by way of example, to the aspect in  FIGS. 1A and 1B , the handling arm  13  of the robot is configured so as to provide the part  14  with six degrees of freedom, and especially allows said part to be rotated around two perpendicular axes  31  and  32 . Thus, the orientation of the part  14  relative to the laser source may be determined at any instant as a function of the zone illuminated by the laser beam  15  so that the illumination is at an optimal incidence, in particular taking into account the surface finish of the part  14  in the zone in question. 
         [0047]    Such a configuration thus makes it possible to optimally orientate the part and rapidly scan a line by rotating the mirror allowing the deflection of the beam. 
         [0048]    Regarding the variant aspects corresponding to  FIGS. 1A to 3 , will be noted that, in the case of inspection of a large part, it may be that the scan of the laser beam will not be sufficient to completely cover the part in the scanning direction. In this case, however, the part may be inspected sector by sector, a sector corresponding to a portion of the surface of the part defined by the amplitude of the scan and by the movement of the part along the axis perpendicular to the scanning axis. Thus, the part may be completely inspected by dividing the surface of the part into contiguous sectors explored one after the other. 
         [0049]      FIG. 4 , for its part, illustrates a more particular aspect, the description of which will allow the advantageous character of the operating principle of the presently disclosed embodiment, especially in terms of rapidity of execution, to be illustrated. This aspect is more particularly suitable for inspecting the integrity of parts  14  that have one dimension that is larger than the others, for example elongate elements having a cross section that is small compared to their length. 
         [0050]    This aspect is also advantageously applicable to the inspection of parts of relatively small size that are mass produced, the device then being placed at the end of the manufacturing line. 
         [0051]    In this aspect, the handling robot of the device according to the presently disclosed embodiment consists of a mechanical translating element  41 , a conveyor belt for example, on which the parts  14  to be inspected are placed, each part being placed on the belt in such a way that its length is oriented in the movement direction. The conveyor belt is associated with means allowing the belt to run, so that a part  14  that is deposited thereon may be moved so as to be illuminated by the laser beam of the inspecting head  42 , the latter here being placed above the belt. 
         [0052]    In this aspect, the inspecting head  42  is preferably equipped with a laser source emitting two beams simultaneously,  43  and  44 , said beams being able to be deflected in order to carry out a scan in a direction  46  perpendicular to the movement direction of the conveyor belt, represented by the arrow  45 . The amplitude of the scan of the laser beams is defined so as to cover the entirety of the extent of the part along the scanning axis, the part itself here being able to move only along a single axis. Thus, to completely inspect a part, it is enough to bring the part  14  level with the inspecting head  42  by actuating the conveyor belt, then to move the part  14  stepwise facing the inspecting head  42 , the length of the motional step being defined both by the desired resolution and by the spacing of the two laser beams  43  and  44 . Once the inspection has terminated, the conveyor belt  41  may be run continuously and more rapidly so as to bring the following part to face the inspecting head  42 . 
         [0053]    It will be noted that the use of a conveyor belt as the mechanical translating element  41  is here considered by way of exemplary aspect. Any element ensuring a translational movement of the parts  14  relative to the inspecting head  12  may obviously be envisioned in the context of the presently disclosed embodiment: translational tray, conveyor belt, rail, etc. 
         [0054]    It will also be noted that regarding the latter exemplary aspect of the device according to the presently disclosed embodiment, the use of a handling robot consisting in a rectilinear mechanical translating element may be extended to the use of a mechanical element inducing a rotation of the inspected part. The handling robot then takes the form of a disk at the center of which the inspected part is deposited so that the latter, turning about itself, successively presents a plurality of faces to the laser beam of the inspecting head. Such a configuration is advantageously suitable for the inspection of parts having a certain rotational symmetry. 
         [0055]    As will be apparent from the above description of the various exemplary aspects, the device according to the presently disclosed embodiment thus comprises, advantageously, two distinct means that interact to ensure a complete and rapid inspection of the part to be inspected. 
         [0056]    The first means consists of a laser source equipped with means allowing the emitted laser beam(s)  15 ,  23 - 24 ,  43 - 44  to be deflected along a given scanning axis  16 ,  17  or  46 . 
         [0057]    The second means consists of a handling robot  13  that allows the part  14  to be inspected to be moved relative to the inspecting head,  12 ,  22  or  42 , at least in a direction substantially perpendicular to the scanning axis, thereby avoiding use of a mobile inspecting head. 
         [0058]    Thus, by combining the movements engendered by these two means, it is possible to rapidly inspect the entirety of the part in question without having to move the inspecting head itself. Such a configuration proves to be very advantageous in particular when the laser beams used are not compatible with fiber-optic transmission, and their implementation in the context of an inspecting head requires a more expensive and more complex opto-mechanic architecture. 
         [0059]    Moreover, the combination of these means with means allowing the part to be rotated relative to the inspecting head advantageously makes it possible to obtain, for each inspection point, an optimal incidence of the laser beam relative to the surface of the inspected part.