Abstract:
Polyglycerol partial esters of a specific composition which are capable of solubilizing very hydrophobic, oil-soluble substances in aqueous solution are provided. The preparation and use of these polyglycol ether-free solubilizers in cosmetic formulations are also disclosed.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to polyglycerol partial esters of a specific composition which are capable of solubilizing very hydrophobic, oil-soluble substances in aqueous solution. The present invention also relates to the preparation and use of these polyglycol ether-free solubilizers in cosmetic formulations. 
     PRIOR ART 
     Non-ionic surfactants having hardly any foam-generating effect are usually employed as solubilizers of oil-soluble, hydrophobic substances in water. 
     Polyethoxylated triglycerides, particularly based on castor oil, e.g., PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil, are used as standard solubilizers. The latter is virtually able to clearly solubilize oil-soluble substances of a wide variety of structures and hydrophobicity in water. Polyglycol ether-free polyglycerol partial esters have also been used for some years as alternative solubilizers. 
     The disadvantage of all polyglycerol partial esters available to date is that their use as solubilizers of oil-soluble substances in water cannot cover as wide a substance spectrum as the previously mentioned polyethoxylated triglycerides. The polyglycerol esters are thus mainly suitable for solubilizing “small” molecules such as, for example, short-chain terpenes. In contrast, oils based on fatty acids and triglycerides of long-chain fatty acids such as jojoba oil, almond oil, soybean oil or avocado oil cannot, to date. be clearly solubilized in water using the commercial products based on polyglycerol partial esters. 
     JP 2008-119568 describes the use of polyglycerol partial esters as solubilizers of oils in which the polyglycerol partial esters are based on mixtures of saturated fatty acids having 8 to 22 carbon atoms and unsaturated fatty acids having 16 to 22 carbon atoms, wherein the molar ratio of saturated to unsaturated fatty acids is in a range of 0.2 to 0.8 to 0.8 to 0.2. In addition, polyglycerol partial esters of polyricinoleic acid may be admixed with this polyglycerol partial ester. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     One object of the present invention is to provide solubilizers based on polyglycerol partial esters which, in contrast to the products available on the market to date, are able to clearly solubilize, in particular, hydrophobic, oil-soluble substances, such as long-chain triglycerides, in water and to solubilize cosmetic formulations. 
     It has been surprisingly found that the polyglycerol partial esters described in the present invention are able to rectify the disadvantages of the prior art and thus enable to achieve the object of the present invention mentioned above. 
     In one embodiment of the present invention, polyglycerol partial esters are provided which are prepared from polyglycerol by esterification of a specifically selected fatty acid mixture. The products are able to clearly solubilize very hydrophobic, oil-soluble substances, such as long-chain triglycerides, in water or to solubilize a cosmetic formulation. The preparation and use of these solubilizers in cosmetic formulations is also part of this invention. 
     An advantage of the present invention is that the polyglycerol partial esters described herein are able to clearly solubilize strongly hydrophobic, oil-soluble substances, such as long-chain triglycerides, in water or to solubilize a cosmetic formulation, which is not possible using the products based on polyglycerol esters available to date. 
     A further advantage of the present invention is that the polyglycerol partial esters described herein may be prepared exclusively from renewable raw materials in contrast to polyethoxylated triglycerides. 
     A yet further advantage of the present invention is that the polyglycerol partial esters described herein are liquid, and thus readily processable, in contrast to polyethoxylated triglycerides. 
     An even further advantage of the present invention compared to the polyethoxylated triglycerides is that the polyglyceryl esters described herein lead to particularly clear dispersions of the oil in the water, and also no cloudiness occurs on storage, in contrast to polyethoxylated triglycerides (PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil). 
     Another advantage of the present invention is that formulations may be provided that are polyglycol ether-free. 
     A further advantage of the polyglycerol partial esters described herein is that the polyglycerol partial esters of the present invention can produce a pleasant skin sensation in cosmetic formulations. 
     Another advantage of the polyglycerol partial esters described herein is that the polyglycerol partial esters of the present invention exhibit only a very low foam formation on stirring in water. 
     A further advantage is that the polyglycerol partial esters described herein show only a very low effect on foamability and foam quantity in surfactant formulations, but the foam creaminess can, however, improve. 
     Another advantage is that the polyglycerol partial esters described in the present invention may lead to attenuation of the skin irritancy in surfactant formulations. 
     A further advantage of the polyglycerol partial esters described herein is that the polyglycerol partial esters of the present invention can have a stabilizing effect in emulsions. 
     A further advantage of the inventive products is that they are relatively stable to oxidation and more stable with respect to color, odor and appearance. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention provides polyglycerol partial esters of general formula I 
     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
      
         
         where 
         n=2 to 16, preferably 4 to 14, particularly preferably 5 to 11, 
         R 1 , R 2 , R 3 =independently of one another, identical or different, selected from H, R 4  and 
         R 5 , where 
         R 4 =saturated or unsaturated acyl residue having 6-22 carbon atoms, preferably 8-18 carbon atoms, comprising no hydroxyl groups, 
         R 5 =saturated or unsaturated acyl residue having 6-22 carbon atoms, preferably 14-22 carbon atoms, comprising at least one hydroxyl group or an acyl residue of an oligomer of saturated or unsaturated acyl residues having 6-22 carbon atoms, preferably 14-22 carbon atoms, comprising at least one hydroxyl group, in which the acyl residue of the oligomer preferably has 26 to 66 carbon atoms, 
         characterized in that the molar ratio of the acyl residues R 4  to R 5  is in a range of 95:5 to 5:95, preferably 85:15 to 15:85, particularly preferably 85:15 to 50:50. 
       
    
     A person skilled in the art is aware that the polyglycerol base skeleton present in general formula I, owing to its polymeric property, represents a random mixture of various compounds. Polyglycerol may have formed ether bonds between two primary, one primary and one secondary and also two secondary positions of the glycerol monomers. For this reason, the polyglycerol base skeleton does not usually consist exclusively of linearly linked glycerol units, but may also comprise branches and rings. For details see, e.g., “ Original synthesis of linear, branched and cyclic oligoglycerol standards ”, Cassel et al.,  J Org. Chem.  2001, 875-896. 
     Structures of this kind are covered in this respect in the simplified, general formula I. 
     From the term “the molar ratio of the acyl residues R 4  to R 5  is in a range of 95:5 to 5:95”, it is clear that residues R 4  and R 5  are present in the polyglycerol partial esters according to the invention. 
     Preferred polyglycerol partial esters according to the invention are characterized in that they comprise structures of general formula 1) each having at the same time at least one R 4  residue and one R 5  residue. 
     The acyl residues R 4  and R 5  can be randomly attached to the polyglycerol base skeleton both via primary and via secondary hydroxyl groups. 
     All conditions such as, for example, pressure and temperature, if not stated otherwise, are standard conditions (20° C., 1 bar). Percentages are indicated, if not described otherwise, in mass percent. 
     The degree of polymerisation ‘n’ can thus be determined, whereby the hydroxyl number of the polyglycerol used for the synthesis of the inventive ester is determined, in which the mean degree of polymerisation n is related to the hydroxyl number of the polyglycerol on which it is based via the following equation: 
             n   =           2000   ·     M   ⁡     (   KOH   )         OHZ     -     M   ⁡     (   Water   )           [       [       M   ⁡     (   Glycerol   )       -     M   ⁡     (   Water   )         ]     -       1000   ·     M   ⁡     (   KOH   )         OHZ       ]             
where M=molar mass; OHZ=hydroxyl number of the free polyglycerol.
 
     Alternatively, the degree of polymerisation ‘n’ can also be determined by determining the hydroxyl number of the polyglycerol obtained after complete ester hydrolysis. 
     Suitable methods for determining the hydroxyl number are particularly those according to DGF C-V 17 a (53), Ph. Eur. 2.5.3 Method A and DIN 53240. 
     The acyl residues R 4  and R 5  are preferably acyl residues of fatty acids. R 4  and R 5  may also represent mixtures of such acyl residues, particularly technical mixtures such as, in the case of R 4 , coconut fatty acid cuts. 
     For R 4 , it is with particular preference that at least 50 mol %, preferably at least 75 mol %, of the R 4  acyl residues are selected from capryloyl, caproyl and lauroyl residues, based on all R 4  residues in the polyglycerol partial ester. 
     R 5  is particularly preferably selected from ricinoyl and hydroxystearoyl residues, their oligomers and mixtures thereof, particularly preferably at least 90 mol % of the R 5  acyl residues comprise ricinoyl residues or a mixture of ricinoyl and hydroxystearoyl residues, based on all R 5  residues in the polyglycerol partial ester, in which it is preferred that the mixture of ricinoyl and hydroxystearoyl residues has a molar ratio of ricinoyl to hydroxystearoyl residues in a range of 100 to 0.1 to 50 to 50. 
     As an alternative, R 5  is preferably selected from ricinoyl residues. 
     Preferred polyglycerol partial esters according to the invention are characterized in that the weight ratio of the polyglyceryl residue to the sum total of the acyl residues R 4  and R 5  is 85:15 to 55:45, preferably 80:20 to 60:40, particularly preferably 75:25 to 65:35. 
     Preferred polyglycerol partial esters according to the invention are further characterized in that the molar ratio of saturated to unsaturated acyl residues in the sum total of all R 4  and R 5  residues is 99:1-1:99, preferably 95:5-50:50, particularly preferably 90:10-60:40. 
     The polyglycerol partial esters of the present invention can be prepared by classical esterification and transesterification methods, preferably by the inventive method described hereinafter. 
     The present invention further relates to a method for preparing polyglycerol partial esters comprising the method steps of:
         A) providing a polyglycerol having a mean degree of polymerisation n=2 to 16, preferably 4-14, particularly preferably 5-11,   B) acylation of some of the hydroxyl groups of the polyglycerol with       at least one first carboxylic acid derivative of one or more first, saturated or unsaturated carboxylic acids having 6-22 carbon atoms, preferably 8-18 carbon atoms, comprising no hydroxyl groups and   at least one second carboxylic acid derivative of one or more second, saturated or unsaturated carboxylic acids having 6-22 carbon atoms, preferably 14-22 carbon atoms, comprising at least one hydroxyl group or an oligomer of the second carboxylic acid, wherein the oligomer preferably has 26 to 66 carbon atoms,   in which the carboxylic acid derivatives are selected from carboxylic acids and carboxylic esters, wherein triglycerides are preferred as carboxylic esters in accordance with the invention,   wherein the molar ratio of the acyl residues of the first carboxylic acid derivative used in method step B) to those of the second carboxylic acid derivative is in a range of 95:5 to 5:95, preferably 85:5 to 15:85, particularly preferably 85:15 to 50:50.   

     The carboxylic acid derivatives preferably used in the method according to the invention are fatty acid derivatives. 
     In the method according to the invention, therefore, in method step B)
     at least one first carboxylic acid and at least one second carboxylic acid,   at least one first carboxylic ester and at least one second carboxylic acid,   at least one first carboxylic acid and at least one second carboxylic ester,   at least one first carboxylic ester and at least one second carboxylic ester,   at least one first carboxylic acid and at least one first carboxylic ester and at least one second carboxylic acid,   at least one first carboxylic acid and at least one first carboxylic ester and at least one second carboxylic ester,   at least one first carboxylic acid and at least one second carboxylic acid and at least one second carboxylic ester,   at least one first carboxylic ester and at least one second carboxylic acid and at least one second carboxylic ester,   or   at least one first carboxylic acid and at least one first carboxylic ester and at least one second carboxylic acid and at least one second carboxylic ester,   may be used.   

     A preferred method according to the invention is characterized in that at least 50 mol %, preferably at least 75 mol %, of the first carboxylic acids are selected from caprylic acid, capric acid and lauric acid, based on the acyl residues of all the first carboxylic acid derivatives. 
     It is preferred in accordance with the invention, in the method according to the invention, that at least 90 mol % of the second carboxylic acids are selected from ricinoleic acid and hydroxystearic acid, based on the acyl residues of all the second carboxylic acid derivatives. 
     A preferred method according to the invention is characterized in that at least 90 mol % of the second carboxylic acids comprise ricinoleic acid and/or hydroxystearic acid, wherein the second carboxylic acids preferably have a molar ratio of ricinoleic acid residues to hydroxystearic acid residues in a range of 100 to 0.1 to 50 to 50, based on the acyl residues of all the second carboxylic acid derivatives. 
     Alternatively, the second carboxylic acid derivative is preferably selected from ricinoleic acid or castor oil. 
     It is preferred, in the method according to the invention, that the weight ratio of the polyglycerol to the calculated sum total of the acyl residues of the first and second carboxylic acid derivatives used is 85:15 to 55:45, preferably 80:20 to 60:40, particularly preferably 75:25 to 65:35. 
     A preferred method according to the invention is characterized in that the molar ratio of the acyl residues of saturated to those of the unsaturated carboxylic acid derivatives used in method step B) is 99:1-1:99, preferably 95:5-50:50, particularly preferably 90:10-60:40. 
     The present invention furthermore relates to polyglycerol partial esters, obtainable by the method according to the invention, wherein the preferred partial esters according to the invention are those which are obtainable by the preferred method according to the invention. 
     The present invention further relates to formulations, particularly cosmetic and pharmaceutical formulations, wherein particular preference is given to cosmetic formulations which comprise at least one polyglycerol partial ester according to the invention and/or at least one polyglycerol partial ester obtainable by the method according to the invention. 
     Particular preference is given to formulations which are essentially polyglycol ether-free and essentially free of alkoxylated compounds. The term “essentially free of alkoxylated compounds” and “essentially polyglycol ether-free”, in connection with the present invention, are understood to mean that the formulations have no notable amounts of alkoxylated compounds or compounds comprising polyglycol ethers which exert a surface-active effect. This is particularly understood to mean that these compounds are present in amounts of less than 1% by weight, preferably less than 0.1% by weight, particularly preferably less than 0.01% by weight, based on the total formulation, in particular no detectable amounts. 
     The polyglycerol partial esters of the present invention can be used advantageously for preparing care and cleaning formulations, particularly for skin and skin appendages, such as liquid soaps, shower gels, oil baths, make-up removers or shampoos, shower gels, foam baths, liquid soaps, hair shampoos, 2-in-1 shampoos, hair conditioners, permanent wave fixing solutions, hair colouring shampoos, hair setting compositions, hair treatments, hair arranging compositions, hair styling compositions, blow-drying lotions, setting foams, hair treatments, leave-in conditioners, hair smoothing compositions, shine improving compositions and compositions for colouring the hair. The present invention therefore also relates to such uses. 
     The present invention thus also provides care and cleaning formulations, in particular for skin and skin appendages, comprising polyglycerol partial esters according to the invention. 
     The term “care formulation” is herein understood to mean a formulation which satisfies the purpose of restoring an object to its original form, of reducing or avoiding the effects of external influences (e.g., time, light, temperature, pressure, soiling, chemical reaction with other reactive compounds that come into contact with the object) such as ageing, soiling, material fatigue, bleaching or even of improving desired positive properties of the object. For the last point, mention may be made for example of a shine of the object under consideration. 
     Cosmetic care and cleaning formulations according to the invention can, for example, comprise at least one additional component selected from the group of:
     emollients,   emulsifiers,   thickeners/viscosity regulators/stabilizers,   antioxidants,   hydrotropes (or polyols),   solids and fillers,   pearlescence additives,   deodorant and antiperspirant active ingredients,   insect repellents,   self-tanning agents,   preservatives,   conditioners,   perfumes,   dyes,   cosmetic active ingredients,   care additives,   superfatting agents,   solvents.   

     Substances which can be used as exemplary representatives of the individual groups are known to a person skilled in the art and can be found, for example, in EP2273966A1. This patent application is herewith incorporated as reference and thus forms part of the disclosure. 
     As regards to further optional components and the amounts of these components used, reference is made expressly to the relevant handbooks known to a person skilled in the art, e.g., K. Schrader, “Grundlagen and Rezepturen der Kosmetika [Fundamentals and Formulations of Cosmetics]”, 2nd edition, pages 329 to 341, Hüthig Buch Verlag Heidelberg. 
     The amounts of the particular additives are governed by the intended use. Typical guide formulations for the respective applications are known prior art and are contained for example in the brochures of the manufacturers of the particular basic materials and active ingredients. These existing formulations can usually be adopted unchanged. If necessary, the desired modifications can, however, be undertaken without complication by means of simple experiments for the purposes of adaptation and optimization. 
     Preferred formulation according to the invention comprise preferred polyglycerol partial esters according to the invention as set out above or preferred polyglycerol partial esters according to the invention obtainable by the method according to the invention as set out above. 
     It is preferred if the formulation according to the invention additionally comprise at least one oil-soluble substance and water. 
     In the present invention, oil-soluble substances are understood to mean substances having a log P (logarithm of n-octanol/water partition coefficient, also known as log K OW ) of at least 2. 
     Preference is given to oil-soluble substances having a log P of at least 5. Particular preference is given to oil-soluble substances selected from the group comprising oils based on fatty acids, triglycerides of long-chain fatty acids, cosmetic ester oils, pure hydrocarbons such as jojoba oil, almond oil, soybean oil, avocado oil, olive oil, argan oil, rapeseed oil, sunflower oil, neem oil, caprylic/capric acid triglyceride, shea butter, decyl cocoate, isopropyl palmitate, myristyl myristate and isohexadecane. 
     Particularly preferred formulations according to the invention comprise 0.1% by weight to 40% by weight, preferably 0.3% by weight to 35% by weight, particularly preferably 0.5% by weight to 10% by weight, of polyglycerol partial ester according to the invention and/or polyglycerol partial ester obtainable by the method according to the invention,0.01% by weight to 40% by weight, preferably 0.1% by weight to 30% by weight, particularly preferably 0.2% by weight to 2% by weight, of oil-soluble substance and 10% by weight to 98% by weight, preferably 20% by weight to 95% by weight, particularly preferably 45% by weight to 90% by weight, of water. 
     The present invention also relates to the use of at least one polyglycerol partial ester according to the invention and/or at least one polyglycerol partial ester obtainable by the method according to the invention for solubilizing at least one oil-soluble substance in water, wherein it is preferable in accordance with the invention that preferred polyglycerol partial esters according to the invention as set out above or preferred polyglycerol partial esters according to the invention obtainable by the method according to the invention as set out above are used. 
     The examples listed below describe the present invention by way of example, without any intention of restricting the invention, the scope of application of which is apparent from the entirety of the description and the claims, to the embodiments specified in the examples. 
     EXAMPLES 
     Example 1 
     Preparing Inventive Polyglycerol Partial Esters 
     1.1 Preparation of Polyglycerol Partial Ester A: 
     Under a nitrogen atmosphere, 225 g of polyglycerol (hydroxyl number=935 mg KOH/g) were stirred with 39.4 g of caprylic/capric acid and 20.8 g of refined coconut fatty acid and 22.1 g of ricinoleic acid and 15.5 g of hydroxystearic acid at 240° C. until an acid number&lt;0.5 mg KOH/g was achieved. The water formed during the course of the reaction was continuously distilled off. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction product was in the form of a turbid liquid. 
     1.2 Preparation of Polyglycerol Partial Ester B: 
     Under a nitrogen atmosphere, 225 g of polyglycerol (hydroxyl number=996 mg KOH/g) were stirred with 39.4 g of caprylic/capric acid and 20.8 g of refined coconut fatty acid and 22.1 g of ricinoleic acid and 15.5 g of hydroxystearic acid at 240° C. until an acid number&lt;0.5 mg KOH/g was achieved. The water formed during the course of the reaction was continuously distilled off. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction product was in the form of a turbid liquid. 
     1.3. Preparation of Polyglycerol Partial Ester C: 
     Under a nitrogen atmosphere, 225 g of polyglycerol (hydroxyl number=935 mg KOH/g) were stirred with 47.3 g of caprylic/capric acid and 20.8 g of refined coconut fatty acid and 17.7 g of ricinoleic acid and 12.4 g of hydroxystearic acid at 240° C. until an acid number&lt;0.5 mg KOH/g was achieved. The water formed during the course of the reaction was continuously distilled off. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction product was in the form of a turbid liquid. 
     1.4. Preparation of Polyglycerol Partial Ester D: 
     Under a nitrogen atmosphere, 202 g of polyglycerol (hydroxyl number=884 mg KOH/g) were stirred with 37.7 g of caprylic/capric acid and 24.9 g of refined coconut fatty acid and 23.5 g of ricinoleic acid and 12.4 g of hydroxystearic acid at 240° C. until an acid number&lt;0.5 mg KOH/g was achieved. The water formed during the course of the reaction was continuously distilled off. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction product was in the form of a turbid liquid. 
     1.5. Preparation of Polyglycerol Partial Ester E: 
     Under a nitrogen atmosphere, 225 g of polyglycerol (hydroxyl number=935 mg KOH/g) were stirred with 39.4 g of caprylic/capric acid and 23.0 g of refined coconut oil and 41.5 g of castor oil at 240° C. until an acid number&lt;0.5 mg KOH/g was achieved. The water formed during the course of the reaction was continuously distilled off. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction product was in the form of a turbid liquid. 
     1.6. Preparation of Polyglycerol Partial Ester F: 
     Under a nitrogen atmosphere, 225 g of polyglycerol (hydroxyl number=935 mg KOH/g) were stirred with 39.4 g of caprylic/capric acid and 23.0 g of refined coconut oil and 23.0 g of castor oil and 14.2 g of castor wax at 240° C. until an acid number&lt;0.5 mg KOH/g was achieved. The water formed during the course of the reaction was continuously distilled off. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction product was in the form of a turbid liquid. 
     1.7. Preparation of Polyglycerol Partial Ester G: 
     In a first reaction, 225 g of polyglycerol (hydroxyl number=935 mg KOH/g) were stirred under a nitrogen atmosphere with 38.0 g of caprylic acid and 60 g of castor oil at 240° C. until an acid number&lt;0.5 mg KOH/g was achieved. The water formed during the course of the reaction was continuously distilled off. 
     In a second reaction, 225 g of polyglycerol (hydroxyl number=1060 mg KOH/g) were reacted under identical reaction conditions with 41.0 g of capric acid, 23 g of castor oil and 46.0 g of refined coconut oil. 
     The two products were then combined and stirred at 90° C. until a clear, homogeneous mixture was formed, which, after cooling to room temperature, was in the form of a turbid liquid. 
     Example 2 
     Preparing Non-Inventive Polyglycerol Partial Esters 
     2.1. Preparation of Polyglycerol Partial Ester H: 
     Under a nitrogen atmosphere, 394 g of polyglycerol (hydroxyl number=1061 mg KOH/g) were stirred with 51.3 g of caprylic/capric acid and 23.0 g of refined coconut fatty acid and 32.8 g of oleic acid at 240° C. until an acid number&lt;0.5 mg KOH/g was achieved. The water formed during the course of the reaction was continuously distilled off. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction product was in the form of a turbid liquid. 
     Example 3 
     Non-Inventive, Commercial Comparative Examples 
     3.1. TEGOSOFT® PC 41: 
     Standard solubilizer, polyether-free. INCI: Polyglyceryl-4 caprate. Commercial product of Evonik Industries AG. 
     3.2. NATRAGEM® S 150 NP-LQ-(CM): 
     Solubilizer for oils, polyether-free. INCI: Polyglyceryl-4 laurate/sebacate (and) polyglyceryl-4 caprylate/caprate (and) water. Commercial product of Croda. 
     3.3. TAGAT® CH 40: 
     Standard solubilizer, polyether-containing. INCI: PEG-40 Hydrogenated castor oil. Commercial product of Evonik Industries AG. 
     The products described above were tested in cosmetic formulations below. 
     The formulation constituents are named in the compositions in the form of the generally recognized INCI nomenclature using the English terms. All concentrations are given in the application examples in percent by weight. 
     Example 4 
     Improved Dissolving Power of the Inventive Polyglycerol Partial Esters in Aqueous Solutions in Comparison to the Non-Inventive Polyglycerol Partial Esters 
     In order to investigate the dissolving power of the inventive polyglycerol partial esters, these were mixed with cosmetic oils and treated with water. The oils tested were avocado oil (supplier: Gustav Heess) and caprylic/capric triglycerides (TEGOSOFT® CT, Evonik Industries AG). The proportion of solubilizer required to completely dissolve 0.5% of the respective oil in water was investigated. For this purpose, the solubilizer (various amounts) was thoroughly mixed with the oil (0.5 g) and then slowly treated with water (made up to 100 g) with stirring. The mixture was stirred for one hour at 45° C. After cooling to 20° C., a “clear mixture” must not become turbid again over a period of 1 week. 
     In Table 1, the resulting mass ratios of solubilizer to oil which were required to obtain clear mixtures are summarized. 
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Solubilizer-to-oil ratio required for a clear solution of the oil in water. 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                   
                 Caprylic/capric 
               
               
                   
                 Avocado oil 
                 triglycerides 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Polyglycerol partial ester A  
                   10:1 
                  4:1 
               
               
                 Polyglycerol partial ester E  
                    8:1 
                  4:1 
               
               
                 Polyglycerol partial ester F 
                    9:1 
                  4:1 
               
               
                 Polyglycerol partial ester G  
                   11:1 
                  5:1 
               
               
                 Polyglycerol partial ester H  
                 &gt;20:1 
                  9:1 
               
               
                 (non-inventive) 
                   
                   
               
               
                 TEGOSOFT ® PC 41 
                 &gt;20:1 
                 16:1 
               
               
                 (non-inventive) 
                   
                   
               
               
                 TAGAT ® CH 40  
                    6:1 
                  6:1 
               
               
                 (non-inventive) 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     It is evident from the results in Table 1 that the inventive polyglycerol partial esters A, E, F and G have distinctly better solubilizing properties than the polyether-free comparative examples polyglycerol partial ester H and TEGOSOFT® PC 41. Surprisingly, similar solubilizer-to-oil ratios are even achieved as with the polyether-containing standard solubilizer TAGAT® CH 40 and whose performance is to some extent even exceeded. 
     Example 5 
     Improved Dissolving Power of the Inventive Polyglycerol Partial Esters in Surfactant Formulations in Comparison to the Non-Inventive Polyglycerol Partial Esters 
     In addition to the dissolving properties of the inventive polyglycerol partial esters for oil in water shown in example 4, the dissolving power for oils in surfactant formulations was also investigated. 
     For this purpose, the respective solubilizer was mixed with 0.5 g of caprylic/capric triglycerides (TEGOSOFT® CT, Evonik Industries AG) at 60° C. for 5 min. The water was then slowly added at 60° C. with stirring and the mixture was stirred for 10 min. The mixture was then cooled to 30° C. over a period of 30 min. The mixture was then treated with the surfactants with stirring. 
     The proportion of solubilizer required to completely dissolve 0.5% of the oil in the respective surfactant system was investigated. Two surfactant systems were used: a standard lauryl ether sulphate/betaine mixture (Table 2) and a polyether-free formulation (Table 3). In Table 4, the resulting mass ratios of solubilizer-to-oil which were required to obtain clear mixtures are summarized. 
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Formulation Y for assessment of the solubilizing properties in a 
               
               
                 standard surfactant system. 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Solubilizer 
                 X % 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 TEGOSOFT ® CT, Evonik Industries AG, 
                  0.5% 
               
               
                   
                 (INCI: Caprylic/capric triglycerides) 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Water 
                 to 100.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Texapon ® NSO, BASF Cognis, 28%, 
                 32.0% 
               
               
                   
                 (INCI: Sodium laureth sulphate 
                   
               
               
                   
                 TEGO ® Betaine F 50, Evonik Industries AG, 38%, 
                  8.0% 
               
               
                   
                 (INCI: Cocamidopropyl betaine) 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Polymer JR 400, Amerchol, 
                  0.2% 
               
               
                   
                 (Polyquatemium-10) 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Citric acid, 30% 
                 to pH 5.5 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 3 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Formulation Z for assessment of the solubilizing properties in a 
               
               
                 polyether-free surfactant system. 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Solubilizer 
                 X % 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 TEGOSOFT ® CT, Evonik Industries AG, 
                  0.5% 
               
               
                 (INCI: Caprylic/capric triglycerides) 
                   
               
               
                 Water 
                 to 100.0% 
               
               
                 REWOTERIC ® AM C, Evonik Industries AG, 32%, 
                 17.5% 
               
               
                 (INCI: Sodium cocoamphoacetate) 
                   
               
               
                 Plantacare 1200 UP, BASF Cognis, 50%, 
                  8.8% 
               
               
                 (INCI: Lauryl glucoside) 
                   
               
               
                 Plantacare 818 UP, BASF Cognis, 51%, 
                  2.4% 
               
               
                 (INCI: Coco glucoside) 
                   
               
               
                 PERLASTAN ® SC 25 NKW, Schill&amp;Seilacher, 25%, 
                 14.4% 
               
               
                 (Disodium/sodium cocoyl glutamate) 
                   
               
               
                 Citric acid, 30% 
                 to pH 5.2 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 4 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Solubilizer-to-oil ratio required for a clear solution of TEGOSOFT ® 
               
               
                 CT in the surfactant formulations. 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 TEGOSOFT ® CT in 
                 TEGOSOFT ® CT in 
               
               
                   
                 formulation Y 
                 formulation Z 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Polyglycerol partial ester A 
                  6:1 
                  8:1 
               
               
                 Polyglycerol partial ester F 
                  5:1 
                  6:1 
               
               
                 NATRAGEM ® S 150  
                 12:1 
                 11:1 
               
               
                 NP-LQ-(CM) 
                   
                   
               
               
                 (non-inventive) 
                   
                   
               
               
                 TEGOSOFT ® PC 41 
                 12:1 
                 14:1 
               
               
                 (non-inventive) 
                   
                   
               
               
                 TAGAT ® CH 40 
                  8:1 
                  5:1 
               
               
                 (non-inventive) 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     The results in Table 4 show that the inventive polyglycerol partial esters A and F have distinctly improved solubilizer properties in comparison to the comparative products NATRAGEM® S 150 NP-LQ-(CM) and TEGOSOFT® PC 41. Surprisingly, better results were also obtained to some extent with the inventive polyglycerol partial esters A and F than with the polyether-containing product TAGAT® CH 40. 
     Example 6 
     Improved Skin Care Power and Foam Properties of the Inventive Polyglycerol Partial Esters in Surfactant Mixtures in Comparison to Non-Inventive Polyglycerol Partial Esters 
     To evaluate the skin care benefit and the foam properties of the inventive polyglycerol partial ester G in aqueous surfactant formulations, a sensory handwashing test was conducted in comparison to the comparative example TEGOSOFT® PC 41 according to the prior art. 
     A group consisting of 10 trained test personnel washed their hands in a defined manner and assessed foam properties and skin feel using a grading scale from 1 (poor) to 5 (very good). 
     The products were tested in each case in a standardized surfactant formulation, using the standard surfactant system of 9% active sodium laureth sulphate and 3% active cocamidopropyl betaine (Table 5). 
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 5 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Test formulations for the handwashing test: 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Formulation examples 
                 U 
                 V 
                 W 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Texapon ® NSO-IS, BASF Cognis, 28%, 
                 32.0% 
                 32.0% 
                 32.0% 
               
               
                 (INCI: Sodium laureth sulphate) 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 TEGO ® Betaine F 50, Evonik Industries  
                  8.0% 
                  8.0% 
                  8.0% 
               
               
                 AG, 38%, (INCI: Cocamidopropyl  
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 betaine) 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 NaCl 
                  1.5% 
                  1.5% 
                  1.5% 
               
               
                 Citric acid 
                  0.2% 
                  0.2% 
                  0.2% 
               
               
                 Water, demineralized 
                 58.3% 
                 55.3% 
                 55.3% 
               
               
                 Polyglycerol partial ester G (inventive) 
                 — 
                  3.0% 
                 — 
               
               
                 TEGOSOFT ® PC 41 (non-inventive) 
                 — 
                 — 
                  3.0% 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     The sensory test results are summarized in Table 6. 
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 6 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Results of the handwashing test: 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Test formulation 
                 U 
                 V 
                 W 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Foaming behaviour 
                 3.3 
                 3.6 
                 3.5 
               
               
                   
                 Foam volume 
                 3.1 
                 3.3 
                 3.2 
               
               
                   
                 Foam creaminess 
                 2.9 
                 4.1 
                 3.7 
               
               
                   
                 Skin feel during washing 
                 2.9 
                 3.1 
                 3.0 
               
               
                   
                 Rinseability 
                 3.3 
                 3.8 
                 3.7 
               
               
                   
                 Skin smoothness 
                 2.1 
                 2.8 
                 2.4 
               
               
                   
                 Skin softness 
                 2.3 
                 3.1 
                 2.8 
               
               
                   
                 Skin smoothness after 3 min 
                 3.1 
                 3.8 
                 3.6 
               
               
                   
                 Skin softness after 3 min 
                 2.9 
                 3.7 
                 3.4 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     It is evident from the test results in Table 6 that the inventive formulation V using the inventive polyglycerol partial ester G is superior, surprisingly, in all application properties in comparison to the comparative formulation W according to the prior art. In this light, the results of the inventive formulation V can be designated as very good and show a distinct improvement compared to the prior art. 
     It is evident from the measurements that the inventive polyglycerol partial ester G in formulation V led especially to a significant improvement specifically of the foam creaminess and also the skin smoothness and the skin softness. 
     Further Formulation Examples 
     The formulation examples given in the tables below show exemplary representatives of a large number of possible compositions according to the invention. 
     If the preparation of the formulation requires the separate preparation or mixing of formulation constituents beforehand, this is termed multiphase preparation. If a two-phase preparation is required, the two phases are labelled A and B in the stated tables. In the case of three- or more-phase processes, the phases are called A, B, C etc. Unless stated otherwise, the data in the tables are data in % by weight. In the following formulation examples, the data or % by weight are based on the respective active substance. Some products, however, are commercially available as solutions, especially in water, such that in these cases more of the commercial products were used accordingly, depending on the active content. 
     “Product example A to G” corresponds to the “polyglycerol partial esters A to G of example 1”. 
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 7 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Formulation for Wet Wipes 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Butylene glycol 
                 2.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Glycerol 
                 1.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Product example A 
                 1.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Silicone quaternium-22; Polyglycerol-3 caprate;  
                 0.5% 
               
               
                   
                 Dipropylene glycol; Cocamidopropyl betaine 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Allantoin 
                 0.2% 
               
               
                   
                 Maltodextrin 
                 0.5% 
               
               
                   
                 Chamomilla extract 
                 0.1% 
               
               
                   
                 Phenoxyethanol; Ethylhexyl glycerol 
                 0.7% 
               
               
                   
                 Perfume 
                 q.s. 
               
               
                   
                 Water 
                 to 100.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Citric acid, 30% 
                 to pH 5.5 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 8 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Bath cream 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Water 
                 to 100.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Sodium laureth sulphate 
                 8.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Coco glucoside 
                 4.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Cocamidopropyl betaine 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Product example B 
                 1.0% 
               
               
                   
                 PEG-18 Glyceryl oleate/cocoate 
                 2.0% 
               
               
                   
                 PEG-40 Sorbitan peroleate 
                 1.4% 
               
               
                   
                 Perfume (fragrance) 
                 0.2% 
               
               
                   
                   Argania spinosa  kernel oil 
                 0.2% 
               
               
                   
                   Citrus aurantifolia  (lime) oil 
                 0.2% 
               
               
                   
                 Linalool 
                 0.1% 
               
               
                   
                 Coumarin 
                 0.1% 
               
               
                   
                 Glycerol 
                 0.5% 
               
               
                   
                 Glycol distearate 
                 0.5% 
               
               
                   
                 Styrene/acrylates copolymer 
                 0.2% 
               
               
                   
                 Tocopherol 
                 0.1% 
               
               
                   
                 Preservative 
                 q.s. 
               
               
                   
                 Citric Acid 
                 to pH 5.2 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 9 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Shower cream 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Water 
                 to 100.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Glycerol 
                 4.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Sodium laureth sulphate 
                 4.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Cocamidopropyl betaine 
                 3.5% 
               
               
                   
                 Product example G 
                 2.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Coco glucoside 
                 2.0% 
               
               
                   
                   Ricinus communis  seed oil seed) 
                 0.5% 
               
               
                   
                 Glyceryl oleate 
                 0.5% 
               
               
                   
                   Argania spinosa  kernel oil 
                 0.1% 
               
               
                   
                   Butyrospermum parkii  butter extract 
                 0.1% 
               
               
                   
                 Limonene 
                 0.1% 
               
               
                   
                 Perfume (fragrance) 
                 0.2% 
               
               
                   
                 Acrylates/C10-30 alkyl acrylate crosspolymer 
                 0.2% 
               
               
                   
                 Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 
                 0.2% 
               
               
                   
                 Styrene/acrylates copolymer 
                 0.2% 
               
               
                   
                 Sodium hydroxide 
                 0.2% 
               
               
                   
                 Glycol distearate 
                 0.4% 
               
               
                   
                 Silica 
                 0.2% 
               
               
                   
                 Tocopherol 
                 0.1% 
               
               
                   
                 Preservative 
                 q.s. 
               
               
                   
                 Citric acid 
                 to pH 5.2 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 10 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Shower oil 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                   Helianthus   annuus  seed oil  
                 10.0% 
               
               
                   
                   Ricinus   communis  seed oil 
                 10.0% 
               
               
                   
                 MIPA-Laureth sulphate 
                 20.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Product example A 
                 15.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Laureth-4 
                  0.5% 
               
               
                   
                 Cocamide DEA 
                  0.9% 
               
               
                   
                 Perfume (fragrance) 
                  0.2% 
               
               
                   
                   Prunus   amygdalus   dulcis  oil 
                  0.8% 
               
               
                   
                   Argania   spinosa  kernel oil  
                  0.8% 
               
               
                   
                 Water 
                  0.5% 
               
               
                   
                 Preservative 
                 q.s. 
               
               
                   
                 Citric acid 
                 to pH 5.5 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 11 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Bath oil 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Water 
                 to 100.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Sodium laureth sulphate 
                 7.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Cocamidopropyl betaine 
                 6.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Cocamide DEA 
                 2.5% 
               
               
                   
                 Sodium trideceth sulphate 
                 2.2% 
               
               
                   
                 Product example E 
                 2.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Perfume (fragrance) 
                 0.5% 
               
               
                   
                 PEG-40 Hydrogenated castor oil 
                 0.1% 
               
               
                   
                 Trideceth-9 
                 0.2% 
               
               
                   
                 Sodium lauroamphoacetate 
                 0.5% 
               
               
                   
                 Benzophenone-4 
                 0.2% 
               
               
                   
                 Cocamide MEA 
                 0.4% 
               
               
                   
                 Propylene glycol 
                 0.5% 
               
               
                   
                 Disodium EDTA 
                 0.1% 
               
               
                   
                 Sodium chloride 
                 0.5% 
               
               
                   
                 Glycerol 
                 0.4% 
               
               
                   
                 Benzyl alcohol 
                 0.4% 
               
               
                   
                   Argania   spinosa  oil 
                 0.2% 
               
               
                   
                 Sodium cocoyl glutamate 
                 0.3% 
               
               
                   
                 Phenoxyethanol 
                 0.2% 
               
               
                   
                 Xanthan gum 
                 0.2% 
               
               
                   
                 Carbomer 
                 0.2% 
               
               
                   
                 Lactic acid 
                 0.3% 
               
               
                   
                 Magnesium chloride 
                 0.1% 
               
               
                   
                 Coumarin 
                 0.1% 
               
               
                   
                 Citric acid 
                 to pH 5.2 
               
               
                   
                 Preservative 
                 q.s. 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 12 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Shower cream 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Water 
                 to 100.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Sodium laureth sulphate 
                 10.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Glycerol 
                  3.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Cocamidopropyl betaine 
                  3.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Product example F 
                  2.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Decyl glucoside 
                  1.5% 
               
               
                   
                 Perfume 
                 q.s. 
               
               
                   
                   Glycine  soya oil 
                  0.2% 
               
               
                   
                   Helianthus   annuus  seed oil 
                  0.1% 
               
               
                   
                 Lecithin 
                  0.2% 
               
               
                   
                 Coco glucoside 
                  0.5% 
               
               
                   
                 Glyceryl oleate 
                  0.3% 
               
               
                   
                 Coumarin 
                  0.1% 
               
               
                   
                 Preservative 
                 q.s. 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 13 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Body shampoo 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Phase A 
                 Product example F 
                  3.0% 
               
               
                   
                   Simmondsia   chinensis  (jojoba) seed oil 
                  0.7% 
               
               
                   
                 Perfume 
                  0.2% 
               
               
                 Phase B 
                 Sodium cocoamphoacetate 
                  4.0% 
               
               
                 Phase C 
                 Water 
                 to 100.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Acrylates/C10-30 alkyl acrylate crosspolymer 
                  0.9% 
               
               
                 Phase D 
                 Sodium lauroyl methyl isethionate 
                  4.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Capryl/capramidopropyl betaine 
                  2.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Citric acid 
                  1.3% 
               
               
                 Phase E 
                 Water 
                 10.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Polyquaternium-7 
                  0.3% 
               
               
                   
                 Preservative 
                 q.s. 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 14 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Body shampoo 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Phase A 
                 Product example C 
                  6.5% 
               
               
                   
                   Simmondsia   chinensis  (jojoba) seed oil 
                  0.4% 
               
               
                   
                 Perfume 
                  0.2% 
               
               
                 Phase B 
                 Water 
                 to 100.0% 
               
               
                 Phase C 
                 Sodium cocoamphoacetate 
                 4.0% 
               
               
                 Phase D 
                 Water 
                 30.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Acrylates/beheneth-25 methacrylate copolymer 
                  2.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Sodium lauroyl methyl isethionate 
                  4.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Disodium lauryl sulphosuccinate 
                  2.0% 
               
               
                 Phase E 
                 Preservative 
                 q.s. 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 15 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Shampoo 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Phase A 
                 Product example E 
                  3.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Caprylic/capric triglyceride 
                  0.5% 
               
               
                   
                 Perfume 
                  0.2% 
               
               
                 Phase B 
                 Water 
                 to 100.0% 
               
               
                 Phase C 
                 Sodium cocoamphoacetate 
                  7.0% 
               
               
                 Phase: 
                 Glycerol 
                  1.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Xanthan gum 
                  0.8% 
               
               
                   
                 Water 
                 25.0% 
               
               
                 Phase E 
                 Water 
                 10.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Acrylates/beheneth-25 methacrylate copolymer 
                  2.0% 
               
               
                 Phase F 
                 Water 
                 10.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Polyquaternium-10) 
                  0.2% 
               
               
                 Phase G 
                 Cocamidopropyl betaine 
                  5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Preservative 
                 q.s. 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 16 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Shampoo 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Phase A 
                 Product example E 
                  8.0% 
               
               
                   
                   Argania   spinosa  kernel Oil 
                  0.5% 
               
               
                 Phase: 
                 Water 
                 to 100.0% 
               
               
                 Phase C 
                 Perfume 
                  0.3% 
               
               
                   
                 Polyglyceryl-6 caprylate; Polyglyceryl-4 caprate;  
                  2.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Propylene glycol 
                   
               
               
                 Phase D 
                 Water 
                 20.0% 
               
               
                 Phase E 
                 Sodium laureth sulphate 
                  9.0% 
               
               
                 Phase F 
                 Water 
                 10.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Cocamidopropyl betaine 
                  3.0% 
               
               
                   
                 PEG-120 methyl glucose dioleate 
                  1.0% 
               
               
                 Phase G 
                 Water 
                 10.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Sodium chloride 
                  0.7% 
               
               
                   
                 Polyquaternium-10 
                  0.2% 
               
               
                 Phase H 
                 Citric acid 
                 to pH 5.5 
               
               
                 Phase I 
                 Preservative 
                 q.s. 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 17 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Shower gel 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Phase: 
                 Product example F 
                  3.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Caprylic/capric triglyceride 
                  0.5% 
               
               
                   
                 Perfume 
                  0.2% 
               
               
                 Phase B  
                 Water 
                 to 100.0% 
               
               
                 Phase C  
                 Sodium cocoamphoacetate 
                  5.6% 
               
               
                 Phase D  
                 Lauryl glucoside 
                  4.4% 
               
               
                 Phase E  
                 Coco glucoside 
                  1.2% 
               
               
                 Phase F  
                 Sodium/disodium cocoyl glutamate 
                  3.6% 
               
               
                 Phase G 
                 Water 
                 10.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Glycerol 
                  0.7% 
               
               
                   
                 Water 
                 10.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Xanthan gum 
                  2.0% 
               
               
                 Phase H 
                 Citric acid 
                 to pH 6.0 
               
               
                 Phase I 
                 Preservative 
                 q.s. 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 18 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Shampoo 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Phase: 
                 Product example C 
                  2.0% 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Caprylic/capric triglyceride 
                  0.5% 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Perfume 
                  0.2% 
               
               
                   
                 Phase B 
                 Water 
                 to 100.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Phase C 
                 Sodium lauryl sulphate 
                  9.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Phase: 
                 Cocamidopropyl betaine 
                  3.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Phase E 
                 Cocamide MEA 
                  1.9% 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Xanthan gum 
                  0.2% 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Water 
                 10.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Phase F 
                 Water 
                 10.0% 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Polyquatemium-10 
                  0.2% 
               
               
                   
                 Phase: 
                 Citric acid 
                 to pH 5.7 
               
               
                   
                 Phase H 
                 Preservative 
                 q.s. 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 19 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Deo 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Phase A 
                 Product example E 
                  3.0% 
               
               
                   
                   
                   Glycine   soja  (soybean) oil 
                  0.2% 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Perfume 
                  0.1% 
               
               
                   
                 Phase B 
                 Phenoxyethanol 
                  0.5% 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Caprylyl glycol 
                  0.2% 
               
               
                   
                 Phase C 
                 Water 
                 50.0% 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Hydroxyethyl cellulose 
                 0.75% 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Sodium hydroxide (10% in water) 
                 0.25% 
               
               
                   
                 Phase D 
                 Aluminium chlorohydrate 
                 19.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Phase E 
                 Water 
                 to 100.0% 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 20 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Cleansing Oil Shampoo 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Water 
                 to 100.0% 
               
               
                 Sodium laureth sulphate 
                 7.0% 
               
               
                 MIPA-Laureth sulphate 
                 4.0% 
               
               
                 Sodium chloride 
                 3.2% 
               
               
                 Cocamidopropyl betaine 
                 3.0% 
               
               
                 Product example E 
                 3.0% 
               
               
                 Glycerol 
                 2.5% 
               
               
                 PEG-18 Castor oil dioleate 
                 2.0% 
               
               
                 Propylene glycol; PEG-55 Propylene glycol oleate 
                 2.0% 
               
               
                 Laureth-5 carboxylic acid 
                 1.0% 
               
               
                   Persea   gratissima  (avocado) oil 
                 1.0% 
               
               
                 Polyglyceryl-6 caprylate; Polyglyceryl-4 caprate;  
                 0.9% 
               
               
                 Propylene glycol 
                   
               
               
                 Sodium benzoate 
                 0.7% 
               
               
                 Salicylic acid 
                 0.3% 
               
               
                 Linalool 
                 0.2% 
               
               
                 alpha-Isomethyl ionone 
                 0.1% 
               
               
                 Limonene 
                 0.1% 
               
               
                   Zea   mays  (corn) germ oil 
                 0.2% 
               
               
                   Argania   spinosa  oil 
                 0.1% 
               
               
                   Camellia   oleifera  seed oil 
                 0.1% 
               
               
                 Sodium hydroxide 
                 0.3% 
               
               
                 Citric acid 
                 to pH 5.0 
               
               
                 Perfume, Dyes 
                 q.s. 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 21 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Pampering Oil Bath 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Water 
                 to 100% 
               
               
                   
                   Glycine  soya oil 
                 20.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Product example B 
                 10.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Polyglyceryl-3 palmitate 
                  4.5% 
               
               
                   
                 Glyceryl caprylate 
                  4.5% 
               
               
                   
                   Simmondsia   chinensis  seed oil 
                  1.5% 
               
               
                   
                   Prunus   amygdalus   dulcis  (sweet almond) oil  
                  1.0% 
               
               
                   
                   Triticum   vulgare  germ oil 
                  1.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Tocopherol 
                  0.2% 
               
               
                   
                 Limonene 
                  0.1% 
               
               
                   
                 Linalool 
                  0.1% 
               
               
                   
                 Citral 
                  0.1% 
               
               
                   
                 Dyes 
                 q.s. 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 22 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Shower Cream 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Water 
                 to 100% 
               
               
                   
                 Glycerol 
                 7.5% 
               
               
                   
                   Glycine  soya oil 
                 3.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Lauryl glucoside 
                 3.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Sodium coco sulphate 
                 3.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Product example C 
                 2.5% 
               
               
                   
                 Alcohol 
                 1.5% 
               
               
                   
                 Xanthan gum 
                 1.5% 
               
               
                   
                   Butyrospermum   parkii  butter extract 
                 1.2% 
               
               
                   
                 Sodium cetearyl sulphate 
                 1.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Sodium cocoyl glutamate 
                 1.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Disodium cocoyl glutamate 
                 1.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Tocopherol 
                 0.1% 
               
               
                   
                   Helianthus   annuus  seed oil 
                 0.3% 
               
               
                   
                 Limonene 
                 0.1% 
               
               
                   
                 Benzyl salicylate 
                 0.1% 
               
               
                   
                 Linalool 
                 0.1% 
               
               
                   
                 Dyes 
                 q.s. 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 23 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Shower Gel 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Water 
                 to 100% 
               
               
                   
                 Sodium coco sulphate 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Glycerol 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Lauryl glucoside 
                 4.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Sodium lactate 
                 2.5% 
               
               
                   
                 Product example D 
                 2.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Polyglyceryl-4 caprate 
                 2.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Sodium cocoyl glutamate 
                 2.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Disodium cocoyl glutamate 
                 2.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Alcohol 
                 1.0% 
               
               
                   
                   Prunus   cerasus  fruit extract 
                 1.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Polyglyceryl-6 caprylate; Polyglyceryl-4  
                 1.0% 
               
               
                   
                 caprate; Propylene glycol 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Limonene 
                 0.1% 
               
               
                   
                 Coumarin 
                 0.2% 
               
               
                   
                 Linalool 
                 0.1% 
               
               
                   
                 Citral 
                 0.1% 
               
               
                   
                 Dyes 
                 q.s. 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 24 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Liquid Soap 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Water 
                 to 100% 
               
               
                   
                 Glycerol 
                 7.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Alcohol 
                 4.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Sodium coco sulphate 
                 3.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Lauryl glucoside 
                 2.5% 
               
               
                   
                 Product example E 
                 2.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Xanthan gum 
                 1.5% 
               
               
                   
                   Mangifera   indica  (mango) fruit extract 
                 0.7% 
               
               
                   
                 Limonene 
                 0.1% 
               
               
                   
                 Linalool 
                 0.1% 
               
               
                   
                 Dyes 
                 q.s. 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 25 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Shampoo for Children 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Water 
                 to 100% 
               
               
                   
                 Sodium coco sulphate 
                 7.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Decyl glucoside 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Lactis Proteinum 
                 3.5% 
               
               
                   
                 Sorbitan caprylate 
                 3.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Product example F 
                 3.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Glycerol 
                 2.5% 
               
               
                   
                 Sodium lactate 
                 2.5% 
               
               
                   
                 Alcohol 
                 2.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Hydrolysed wheat protein 
                 0.7% 
               
               
                   
                 Hydrolysed wheat starch  
                 0.7% 
               
               
                   
                 Sodium chloride 
                 0.9% 
               
               
                   
                 Limonene 
                 0.1% 
               
               
                   
                 Citral 
                 0.1% 
               
               
                   
                 Phenethyl alcohol 
                 0.1% 
               
               
                   
                 Dyes 
                 q.s. 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 26 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Cream Soap 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Water 
                 to 100% 
               
               
                   
                 Alcohol 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Coco glucoside 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Glycerol 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Product example F 
                 2.5% 
               
               
                   
                 Disodium cocoyl glutamate 
                 2.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Xanthan gum 
                 1.5% 
               
               
                   
                 Citric acid 
                 to pH 5.5 
               
               
                   
                   Malva sylvestris  leaf extract 
                 1.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Glyceryl oleate 
                 1.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Sodium cocoyl glutamate 
                 0.7% 
               
               
                   
                 Linalool 
                 0.1% 
               
               
                   
                 Limonene 
                 0.1% 
               
               
                   
                 Dyes 
                 q.s. 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 27 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Make-up Remover 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Sodium cocoamphopropionate 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Propylene glycol 
                 35.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Product example F 
                 30.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Glycerol 
                 30.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Preservative 
                 q.s. 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 28 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Make-up Remover 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Cocamidopropyl betaine 
                 8.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Water 
                 79.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Product example E 
                 3.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Glycerol 
                 10.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Citric acid 
                 to pH 5.5 
               
               
                   
                 Preservative 
                 q.s. 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 29 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Solution for Wet Wipes 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Product example E 
                 1.5% 
               
               
                   
                 Perfume 
                 0.2% 
               
               
                   
                 Glycerol 
                 2.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Sodium lactate; Sodium PCA; Glycine; Fructose; Urea;  
                 0.2% 
               
               
                   
                 Niacinamide; Inositol; Sodium benzoate; Lactic acid 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Water 
                 95.6% 
               
               
                   
                 Preservative 
                 q.s. 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 30 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Solution for Wet Wipes 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Product example E 
                 2.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Isopropyl myristate 
                 0.3% 
               
               
                   
                 Phenoxyethanol; Methylparaben; Ethylparaben;  
                 0.2% 
               
               
                   
                 Butylparaben; Propylparaben; Isobutylparaben 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Perfume 
                 0.1% 
               
               
                   
                 Propylene glycol 
                 3.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Water 
                 94.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Cetrimonium bromide 
                 0.1% 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 31 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 O/W Make-up remover wipe 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Phase A 
                 Ethylhexyl stearate; Phenoxyethanol; Polyglyceryl-4  
                 4.0% 
               
               
                   
                 laurate; Sorbitan laurate; Dilauryl citrate 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Cetyl ricinoleate 
                 0.8% 
               
               
                 Phase B 
                 Water 
                 to 100.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Glycerol 
                 1.5% 
               
               
                 Phase C 
                 Product example C 
                 1.0% 
               
               
                 Phase D 
                 Phenoxyethanol 
                 0.1% 
               
               
                   
                 Perfume 
                 q.s. 
               
               
                   
                 Preservative 
                 q.s. 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 32 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Micellar water 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Water 
                 to 100.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Product example D 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Glycerol 
                 1.5% 
               
               
                   
                 Disodium cocoamphodiacetate 
                 0.5% 
               
               
                   
                 Disodium EDTA 
                 0.2% 
               
               
                   
                 Polyaminopropyl biguanide 
                 0.2% 
               
               
                   
                 Citric acid, 30% 
                 to pH 5.5 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 33 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Micellar Solution Cleanser 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Water 
                 to 100.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Butylene glycol 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Coco glucoside 
                 2.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Product example D 
                 2.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Glycerol 
                 1.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Allantoin 
                 0.1% 
               
               
                   
                   Cistus incanus  extract; Maltodextrin 
                 0.2% 
               
               
                   
                 Perfume 
                 0.2% 
               
               
                   
                 Citric acid, 30% 
                 to pH 5.5 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 34 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Cleansing Water 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Water 
                 to 100.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Product example E 
                 2.5% 
               
               
                   
                 Phenoxyethanol; Ethylhexylglycerol 
                 0.9% 
               
               
                   
                 Caprylic/capric triglyceride 
                 0.5% 
               
               
                   
                 Glycerol 
                 0.5% 
               
               
                   
                 Disodium EDTA 
                 0.2% 
               
               
                   
                 Citric acid, 30% 
                 to pH 5.5 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 35 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Shower Crème 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Water 
                 to 100% 
               
               
                   
                 Ammonium lauryl sulphate 
                 10.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Product example D 
                 2.0% 
               
               
                   
                   Aloe barbadensis  leaf juice 
                 2.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Cocamidopropyl betaine 
                 2.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Decyl glucoside 
                 1.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Glycerol 
                 1.0% 
               
               
                   
                   Prunus amygdalus dulcis  oil 
                 0.5% 
               
               
                   
                 Glyceryl oleate 
                 0.3% 
               
               
                   
                 Lauryl glucoside 
                 0.3% 
               
               
                   
                 Coco glucoside 
                 0.4% 
               
               
                   
                 Benzyl alcohol 
                 0.2% 
               
               
                   
                 Benzoic acid 
                 0.3% 
               
               
                   
                 Dehydroacetic acid 
                 0.2% 
               
               
                   
                 Sodium benzoate 
                 0.3% 
               
               
                   
                 Potassium sorbate 
                 0.2% 
               
               
                   
                 Tocopherol 
                 0.1% 
               
               
                   
                 Citric acid 
                 to pH 4.5 
               
               
                   
                 Perfume, Dyes 
                 q.s. 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 36 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Shower Crème 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Water 
                 to 100% 
               
               
                   
                 Sodium laureth sulphate 
                 8.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Product example F 
                 3.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Cocamidopropyl betaine 
                 3.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Glycerol 
                 1.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Glucose 
                 0.5% 
               
               
                   
                   Prunus amygdalus dulcis  oil 
                 0.7% 
               
               
                   
                 Sodium chloride 
                 0.3% 
               
               
                   
                 Polyquaternium-7 
                 0.3% 
               
               
                   
                 Styrene/acrylates copolymer 
                 0.4% 
               
               
                   
                 PEG-200 Hydrogenated glyceryl palmate;  
                 0.5% 
               
               
                   
                 PEG-7 Glyceryl cocoate 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Citric acid 
                 to pH 5.5 
               
               
                   
                 Perfume, Dyes 
                 q.s. 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 37 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Care shower 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Water 
                 to 100% 
               
               
                   
                 Sodium laureth sulphate 
                 9.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Sodium hydroxypropyl starch phosphate 
                 2.5% 
               
               
                   
                 Product example E 
                 2.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Cocamidopropyl betaine 
                 2.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Petrolatum 
                 1.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Sodium cocoyl glycinate 
                 1.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Lauric acid 
                 0.5% 
               
               
                   
                 Sodium lauroyl isethionate 
                 0.5% 
               
               
                   
                 Glycerol 
                 0.4% 
               
               
                   
                   Helianthus annuus  seed oil 
                 0.3% 
               
               
                   
                   Olea europaea  fruit oil 
                 0.2% 
               
               
                   
                 Sodium chloride 
                 0.4% 
               
               
                   
                 Stearic acid 
                 0.5% 
               
               
                   
                 Guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride  
                 0.2% 
               
               
                   
                 Sodium Cocoyl isethionate 
                 0.1% 
               
               
                   
                 Tetrasodium EDTA 
                 0.1% 
               
               
                   
                 Alumina 
                 0.1% 
               
               
                   
                 Citric acid 
                 to pH 5.5 
               
               
                   
                 Perfumes, Dyes, Preservatives 
                 q.s. 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 38 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Shower Crème 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Water 
                 to 100% 
               
               
                   
                 Sodium coco sulphate 
                 15.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Glycerol 
                 3.5% 
               
               
                   
                 Product example F 
                 3.5% 
               
               
                   
                 Glycine soya oil 
                 0.5% 
               
               
                   
                 Coco glucoside 
                 0.8% 
               
               
                   
                 Caprylic/capric triglyceride  
                 0.2% 
               
               
                   
                 Xanthan gum 
                 0.8% 
               
               
                   
                   Prunus amygdalus dulcis  oil 
                 0.1% 
               
               
                   
                   Simmondsia chinensis  seed oil 
                 0.1% 
               
               
                   
                 Sodium cocoyl glutamate 
                 0.3% 
               
               
                   
                 Disodium cocoyl glutamate 
                 0.5% 
               
               
                   
                 Sodium cetearyl sulphate 
                 0.2% 
               
               
                   
                 Tocopherol 
                 0.1% 
               
               
                   
                   Helianthus annuus  seed oil 
                 0.1% 
               
               
                   
                 Alcohol 
                 0.5% 
               
               
                   
                 Citral 
                 0.1% 
               
               
                   
                 Geraniol 
                 0.1% 
               
               
                   
                 Limonene 
                 0.1% 
               
               
                   
                 Linalool 
                 0.1% 
               
               
                   
                 Citric acid 
                 to pH 5.8 
               
               
                   
                 Perfume, Dyes 
                 q.s. 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 39 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Further formulation examples 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 39a 
                 39b 
                 39c 
                 39d 
                 39e 
                 39f 
                 39g 
                 39h 
                 39i 
                 39j 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Water 
                 to 100% 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Product example D 
                 3.0% 
                 4.0% 
                 5.5% 
                 1.0% 
                 3.0% 
                 3.0% 
                 5.0% 
                 4.0% 
                 3.5% 
                 3.0% 
               
               
                 Sodium laureth sulphate 
                 9.0% 
                 8.0% 
                 9.0% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 Sodium lauryl sulphate 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 6.0% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 3.5% 
                 — 
               
               
                 Cocamidopropyl betaine 
                 — 
                 2.0% 
                 3.0% 
                 7.0% 
                 5.0% 
                 6.0% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 2.0% 
                 7.0% 
               
               
                 Sodium cocoamphoacetate 
                 3.0% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 1.5% 
                 4.5% 
                 — 
                 3.0% 
                 — 
                 3.5% 
                 — 
               
               
                 Lauryl glucoside 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 3.5% 
                 5.0% 
                 3.0% 
                 7.0% 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 Coco glucoside 
                 — 
                 2.0% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 1.5% 
                 1.0% 
                 5.5% 
                 2.5% 
                 2.0% 
                 — 
               
               
                 Sodium cocoyl glutamate 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 1.0% 
                 1.7% 
                 5.0% 
                 0.5% 
                 — 
               
               
                 Stearic acid 
                 — 
                 — 
                 1.0% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.1% 
                 3.5% 
               
               
                 Glyceryl glucoside 
                 — 
                 0.3% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.3% 
                 — 
                 0.2% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 Sucrose cocoate 
                 0.5% 
                 — 
                 1.0% 
                 1.0% 
                 0.3% 
                 0.2% 
                 — 
                 1.0% 
                 1.0% 
                 1.0% 
               
               
                 Glycerol 
                 0.5% 
                 1.0% 
                 0.5% 
                 — 
                 0.3% 
                 0.4% 
                 1.5% 
                 1.0% 
                 0.5% 
                 1.0% 
               
               
                 PEG-7 Glyceryl cocoate 
                 — 
                 0.3% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.5% 
               
               
                 Trideceth-9 
                 — 
                 0.2% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.2% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 Polysorbate 20 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.5% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.3% 
                 0.2% 
               
               
                 PEG-40 Hydrogenated castor 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.3% 
                 — 
                 0.5% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 1.0% 
                 — 
               
               
                 oil 
               
               
                 PEG-6 Caprylic/capric 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.3% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.2% 
                 0.2% 
               
               
                 glycerides 
               
               
                 Polyglyceryl-4 caprate 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 2.0% 
                 — 
                 0.5% 
                 — 
                 0.5% 
                 — 
                 0.5% 
               
               
                 Polyquaternium-10 
                 — 
                 0.2% 
                 — 
                 0.1% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.2% 
                 0.2% 
                 — 
               
               
                 Hydroxypropyl guar 
                 0.2% 
                 — 
                 0.3% 
                 0.2% 
                 0.2% 
                 0.2% 
                 0.2% 
                 0.1% 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 hydroxypropyltrimonium 
               
               
                 chloride 
               
               
                 Silicone quaternium-22 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.3% 
                 — 
                 0.3% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 Dimethicone 
                 — 
                 0.3% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.1% 
                 — 
               
               
                 Amodimethicone 
                 — 
                 0.1% 
                 — 
                 0.1% 
                 0.1% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.5% 
                 — 
               
               
                   Argania spinosa  oil 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.2% 
                 0.1% 
                 0.1% 
                 — 
                 0.2% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                   Prunus amygdalus dulcis  oil 
                 0.2% 
                 — 
                 0.2% 
                 0.3% 
                 — 
                 0.1% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.2% 
                 0.2% 
               
               
                   Olea europaea  fruit oil 
                 0.2% 
                 0.1% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.1% 
                 — 
                 0.2% 
                 0.1% 
                 — 
               
               
                   Butyrospermum parkii  butter 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.2% 
                 — 
                 0.1% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 extract 
               
               
                   Persea gratissima  oil 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.1% 
                 — 
                 0.1% 
                 0.2% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 Hydrogenated castor oil 
                 — 
                 0.2% 
                 — 
                 0.1% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.1% 
                 0.2% 
               
               
                 Glycol distearate 
                 — 
                 0.5% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.5% 
                 — 
                 0.3% 
                 — 
                 0.5% 
                 0.5% 
               
               
                 Isostearamide MIPA; 
                 1.0% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 1.5% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.2% 
                 — 
                 1.0% 
                 0.5% 
               
               
                 Glyceryl laurate 
               
               
                 Cocamide DEA 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.5% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 1.0% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 Sodium chloride 
                 0.3% 
                 1.2% 
                 1.0% 
                 0.5% 
                 — 
                 1.0% 
                 — 
                 1.0% 
                 — 
                 0.3% 
               
               
                 PEG-120 Methyl glucose 
                 0.2% 
                 3.5% 
                 1.0% 
                 — 
                 1.5% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.5% 
                 — 
               
               
                 dioleate 
               
               
                 Xanthan gum 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.5% 
                 0.8% 
                 — 
                 0.7% 
                 2.0% 
                 1.0% 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 Cellulose 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.1% 
                 — 
                 0.1% 
                 0.1% 
                 0.2% 
                 0.1% 
                 — 
               
               
                 Zinc pyrithione 
                 — 
                 0.1% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.1% 
                 — 
               
               
                 Benzophenone-4 
                 — 
                 0.1% 
                 0.1% 
                 0.1% 
                 0.1% 
                 — 
                 0.1% 
                 — 
                 0.1% 
                 — 
               
               
                 Tetrasodium EDTA 
                 0.1% 
                 0.1% 
                 — 
                 0.1% 
                 0.1% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.1% 
                 — 
               
               
                 Caffeine 
                 — 
                 0.1% 
                 0.1% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.1% 
                 0.1% 
                 — 
               
               
                 Hydrolysed keratin 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.1% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.1% 
                 0.2% 
                 0.1% 
                 0.1% 
                 — 
               
               
                 Panthenol 
                 0.1% 
                 0.1% 
                 0.1% 
                 0.1% 
                 0.1% 
                 0.1% 
                 — 
                 0.1% 
                 0.1% 
                 0.1% 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Citric acid 
                 to pH 5.5 
               
               
                 Perfumes, Dyes, Preservatives 
                 q.s. 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 40 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Further formulation examples 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 40a 
                 40b 
                 40c 
                 40d 
                 40e 
                 40f 
                 40g 
                 40h 
                 40i 
                 40j 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Water 
                 to 100% 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Product example F 
                 9.0% 
                 5.0% 
                 5.0% 
                 4.0% 
                 4.0% 
                 2.5% 
                 6.0% 
                 4.0% 
                 3.0% 
                 3.0% 
               
               
                 Sodium lauryl sulphate 
                 — 
                 8.0% 
                 8.0% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 3.5% 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 Coco betaine 
                 — 
                 5.0% 
                 — 
                 5.5% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 3.0% 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 Cocamidopropyl betaine 
                 — 
                 — 
                 3.0% 
                 — 
                 5.0% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 3.0% 
                 2.0% 
               
               
                 Sodium cocoamphoacetate 
                 — 
                 — 
                 2.5% 
                 3.0% 
                 — 
                 5.0% 
                 — 
                 3.0% 
                 4.0% 
                 — 
               
               
                 Disodium lauryl 
                 — 
                 — 
                 1.0% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 1.2% 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 sulphosuccinate 
               
               
                 Coco glucoside 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 3.0% 
                 5.0% 
                 4.0% 
                 5.0% 
                 1.0% 
                 — 
                 2.0% 
               
               
                 Sodium cocoyl glutamate 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 2.5% 
                 — 
                 3.0% 
                 4.5% 
                 0.5% 
                 2.5% 
                 0.3% 
               
               
                 Stearic acid 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.3% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.1% 
                 — 
                 0.5% 
               
               
                 Sodium cocoyl glycinate 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 5.0% 
                 — 
                 3.5% 
                 — 
                 2.0% 
                 7.0% 
               
               
                 Sodium lauroyl methyl 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 1.0% 
                 — 
                 1.5% 
                 — 
                 1.0% 
                 0.5% 
                 0.5% 
               
               
                 isethionate 
               
               
                 Sucrose cocoate 
                 0.5% 
                 0.4% 
                 — 
                 1.0% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.2% 
                 0.3% 
                 1.0% 
                 0.3% 
               
               
                 Glycerol 
                 1.5% 
                 0.3% 
                 0.5% 
                 0.5% 
                 0.3% 
                 0.5% 
                 1.0% 
                 0.5% 
                 0.3% 
                 1.0% 
               
               
                 PEG-40 Hydrogenated castor 
                 — 
                 1.0% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.3% 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 oil 
               
               
                 Polyglyceryl-4 caprate 
                 0.5% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.5% 
                 — 
                 2.6% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 1.1% 
                 — 
               
               
                 Polyquaternium-11 
                 — 
                 0.2% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.1% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.2% 
                 — 
                 0.3% 
               
               
                 Guar 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.3% 
                 0.2% 
                 0.2% 
                 0.3% 
                 0.2% 
                 0.1% 
                 0.2% 
                 — 
               
               
                 hydroxypropyltrimonium 
               
               
                 chloride 
               
               
                 Dimethicone 
                 — 
                 0.3% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.2% 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 Aminopropyl dimethicone 
                 — 
                 0.3% 
                 0.5% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.3% 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                   Helianthus annuus  seed oil 
                 0.3% 
                 — 
                 0.1% 
                 0.5% 
                 — 
                 0.1% 
                 0.1% 
                 0.2% 
                 — 
                 0.1% 
               
               
                   Olea europaea  fruit oil 
                 0.2% 
                 0.1% 
                 0.2% 
                 — 
                 0.2% 
                 0.1% 
                 0.2% 
                 — 
                 0.6% 
                 0.2% 
               
               
                 PEG-3 distearate 
                 — 
                 0.5% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.5% 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 Acrylates/C10-30 alkyl 
                 0.5% 
                 — 
                 0.4% 
                 — 
                 0.5% 
                 0.4% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.5% 
                 — 
               
               
                 acrylate crosspolymer 
               
               
                 Sodium hydroxide, 25% 
                 0.6% 
                 — 
                 0.6% 
                 — 
                 0.8% 
                 0.5% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.7% 
                 — 
               
               
                 Cocamide MEA 
                 — 
                 0.8% 
                 1.0% 
                 1.0% 
                 — 
                 0.2% 
                 0.6% 
                 1.0% 
                 — 
                 0.3% 
               
               
                 Sodium chloride 
                 0.2% 
                 0.7% 
                 0.2% 
                 — 
                 0.2% 
                 0.1% 
                 — 
                 1.0% 
                 0.2% 
                 1.0% 
               
               
                 Propylene glycol; PEG-55 
                 — 
                 2.5% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.8% 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 Propylene glycol oleate 
               
               
                 Xanthan gum 
                 0.2% 
                 — 
                 0.2% 
                 1.5% 
                 0.5% 
                 — 
                 1.8% 
                 0.2% 
                 1.1% 
                 0.9% 
               
               
                 Hydroxyethyl ethylcellulose 
                 0.1% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.1% 
                 — 
                 0.1% 
                 0.1% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 Benzophenone-4 
                 — 
                 0.1% 
                 0.2% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.2% 
                 — 
                 0.1% 
               
               
                 Menthol 
                 0.1% 
                 — 
                 0.1% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.1% 
                 — 
                 0.1% 
                 0.1% 
                 0.1% 
               
               
                 Caffeine 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.1% 
                 — 
                 0.1% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.1% 
                 — 
                 0.1% 
               
               
                 Benzyl alcohol 
                 0.1% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.1% 
                 — 
                 0.1% 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 Coumarin 
                 0.1% 
                 — 
                 0.1% 
                 0.1% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.1% 
                 0.1% 
                 — 
                 0.1% 
               
               
                 Hydrolysed wheat protein 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.1% 
                 0.1% 
                 0.1% 
                 0.2% 
                 0.2% 
                 0.1% 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 Panthenol 
                 0.1% 
                 0.1% 
                 — 
                 0.1% 
                 0.1% 
                 0.1% 
                 0.1% 
                 — 
                 0.1% 
                 0.1% 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Citric acid 
                 to pH 5.2 
               
               
                 Perfumes, Dyes, Preservatives 
                 q.s. 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 41 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Further formulation examples 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 41a 
                 41b 
                 41c 
                 41d 
                 41e 
                 41f 
                 41g 
                 41h 
                 41i 
                 41j 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Water 
                 to 100% 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Product example E 
                 3.5% 
                 3.0% 
                 2.5% 
                 4.0% 
                 3.0% 
                 4.0% 
                 6.0% 
                 4.0% 
                 5.0% 
                 4.0% 
               
               
                 MIPA-Laureth sulphate 
                 10.5%  
                 5.0% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 Sodium C14-16 olefin 
                 — 
                 — 
                 8.0% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 3.5% 
                 — 
               
               
                 sulphonate 
               
               
                 Coco betaine 
                 — 
                 4.0% 
                 — 
                 5.5% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 4.0% 
                 — 
                 3.5% 
                 — 
               
               
                 Cocamidopropyl betaine 
                 2.0% 
                 — 
                 4.0% 
                 — 
                 5.0% 
                 5.0% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 4.0% 
               
               
                 Sodium cocoamphopropionate 
                 — 
                 — 
                 1.0% 
                 — 
                 2.0% 
                 — 
                 1.5% 
                 4.0% 
                 2.0% 
                 3.5% 
               
               
                 Coco glucoside 
                 — 
                 2.5% 
                 — 
                 2.5% 
                 3.0% 
                 — 
                 4.5% 
                 3.5% 
                 2.0% 
                 0.5% 
               
               
                 Sodium cocoyl glutamate 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 1.5% 
                 1.0% 
                 1.5% 
                 1.5% 
                 1.5% 
                 0.8% 
                 0.3% 
               
               
                 Laurie acid 
                 — 
                 0.5% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 1.0% 
                 — 
                 2.0% 
                 — 
                 4.5% 
               
               
                 Sodium cocoyl glycinate 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 2.5% 
                 — 
                 5.0% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.8% 
                 0.5% 
               
               
                 Sodium cocoyl sarcosinate 
                 — 
                 0.7% 
                 0.5% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 1.0% 
                 0.5% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 Dicaprylylether 
                 0.5% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.2% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 Glycerol 
                 0.5% 
                 0.3% 
                 0.5% 
                 1.5% 
                 0.4% 
                 0.5% 
                 1.0% 
                 0.5% 
                 0.3% 
                 1.0% 
               
               
                 Polysorbate 20 
                 0.5% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.5% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.4% 
               
               
                 Polyglyceryl-4 laurate 
                 0.5% 
                 — 
                 0.4% 
                 0.3% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.5% 
                 — 
                 1.1% 
                 — 
               
               
                 Polyquaternium-37 
                 0.4% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.1% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.2% 
                 0.1% 
                 — 
               
               
                 Hydroxypropyl guar 
                 — 
                 0.2% 
                 0.1% 
                 0.2% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.3% 
                 — 
                 0.2% 
                 — 
               
               
                 hydroxypropyltrimonium 
               
               
                 chloride 
               
               
                 Cassia 
                 — 
                 0.1% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.2% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 hydroxypropyltrimonium 
               
               
                 chloride 
               
               
                 Sodium hydroxypropyl starch 
                 0.2% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.4% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.5% 
               
               
                 phosphate 
               
               
                 Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 
                 0.2% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.2% 
                 0.2% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.2% 
                 — 
               
               
                 Dimethicone 
                 0.2% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 1.0% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.3% 
                 — 
               
               
                 Aminopropyl dimethicone 
                 0.2% 
                 0.4% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.5% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.5% 
               
               
                 Palmitamidopropyltrimonium 
                 0.3% 
                 — 
                 0.5% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.4% 
                 — 
               
               
                 chloride 
               
               
                   Persea gratissima  (avocado) oil 
                 0.1% 
                 1.1% 
                 — 
                 0.1% 
                 0.2% 
                 — 
                 0.3% 
                 — 
                 0.1% 
                 0.1% 
               
               
                   Butyrospermum parkii  butter 
                 0.2% 
                 — 
                 0.1% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.3% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 extract 
               
               
                   Prunus amygdalus dulcis  oil 
                 0.2% 
                 — 
                 0.2% 
                 0.2% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.2% 
                 0.5% 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 Glycol distearate 
                 0.5% 
                 0.7% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.5% 
                 0.8% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.4% 
                 0.3% 
               
               
                 Carbomer 
                 — 
                 0.3% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.5% 
                 0.7% 
                 — 
                 0.5% 
                 — 
               
               
                 Sodium hydroxide, 25% 
                 — 
                 0.5% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.7% 
                 1.0% 
                 — 
                 0.8% 
                 — 
               
               
                 Isostearamide MIPA; Glyceryl 
                 0.7% 
                 — 
                 0.8% 
                 — 
                 0.3% 
                 0.3% 
                 — 
                 0.4% 
                 — 
                 0.3% 
               
               
                 laurate 
               
               
                 Sorbitan sesquicaprylate 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.2% 
                 1.0% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.4% 
                 1.0% 
                 — 
                 0.7% 
               
               
                 Sodium chloride 
                 0.8% 
                 — 
                 0.3% 
                 0.2% 
                 0.5% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 2.0% 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 PEG-18 Glyceryl 
                 0.8% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.6% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.9% 
               
               
                 oleate/cocoate 
               
               
                 Xanthan gum 
                 — 
                 1.0% 
                 0.2% 
                 1.0% 
                 — 
                 0.2% 
                 0.3% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.2% 
               
               
                 Algin 
                 — 
                 0.2% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 1.0% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 1.2% 
                 — 
               
               
                 Caragenaan 
                 0.5% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.3% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.3% 
                 — 
                 0.2% 
               
               
                 Silica 
                 0.1% 
                 — 
                 0.1% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.2% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.2% 
                 0.1% 
               
               
                 Cetearyl alcohol 
                 0.2% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.3% 
                 0.2% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.3% 
               
               
                 Benzophenone-4 
                 0.1% 
                 0.1% 
                 0.2% 
                 — 
                 0.2% 
                 0.2% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.1% 
               
               
                 Tetrasodium EDTA 
                 0.1% 
                 0.1% 
                 — 
                 0.1% 
                 0.1% 
                 0.2% 
                 0.1% 
                 — 
                 0.2% 
                 0.1% 
               
               
                 Octopirox 
                 0.2% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.1% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 Zinc PCA 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.1% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.1% 
               
               
                 Creatine 
                 0.1% 
                 — 
                 0.1% 
                 0.1% 
                 — 
                 0.1% 
                 0.1% 
                 0.1% 
                 — 
                 0.1% 
               
               
                 Hydrolysed collagen 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.1% 
                 — 
                 0.1% 
                 — 
                 0.1% 
                 0.1% 
                 0.1% 
               
               
                 Salicylic acid 
                 0.1% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.1% 
                 0.1% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.1% 
                 0.1% 
               
               
                 Panthenol 
                 0.1% 
                 0.1% 
                 — 
                 0.1% 
                 0.1% 
                 0.1% 
                 0.1% 
                 — 
                 0.1% 
                 0.1% 
               
               
                 Lactic acid 
                 0.2% 
                 — 
                 0.2% 
                 — 
                 0.1% 
                 0.5% 
                 0.3% 
                 — 
                 0.2% 
                 — 
               
               
                 PEG-14M 
                 0.3% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.4% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.3% 
               
               
                 1,2-Hexanediol 
                 0.3% 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.3% 
                 — 
                 0.2% 
                 — 
                 — 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Citric acid 
                 to pH 5.5 
               
               
                 Perfumes, Dyes, Preservatives 
                 q.s. 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 42 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 List of raw materials used 
               
             
          
           
               
                 INCI 
                 Trade name, company 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1,2-Hexanediol 
                 Hydrolite-6 841129, Symrise 
               
               
                 Acrylates/beheneth-25  
                 Novethix L-10 Polymer, Lubrizol 
               
               
                 methacrylate copolymer 
                   
               
               
                 Acrylates/C10-30 alkyl  
                 TEGO Carbomer 841 SER, Evonik 
               
               
                 acrylate 
                 Industries AG, 100% 
               
               
                 crosspolymer 
                   
               
               
                 Algin 
                 Hydagen 558 P, BASF 
               
               
                 Allantoin 
                 Allantoin, DSM Nutritional Products, Inc. 
               
               
                   Aloe barbadensis  leaf juice 
                 Aloe-Con UP 40, Florida Food Products 
               
               
                   
                 Inc. 
               
               
                 alpha-Isomethyl ionone 
                 alpha-Isomethylionone, Chemos GmbH 
               
               
                 Alumina 
                 Aeroxide Alu C, Evonik Industries AG 
               
               
                 Aluminium chlorohydrate 
                 Locron L, Clariant 
               
               
                 Ammonium lauryl sulphate 
                 Empicol AL 70, Albright &amp; Wilson UK 
               
               
                   
                 Limited 
               
               
                 Aminopropyl dimethicone 
                 ABIL ® Soft AF 200, Evonik Industries 
               
               
                 Amodimethicone 
                 DC 949, Dow Corning, 100% 
               
               
                   Argania spinosa  oil ( Argania    
                 Argan Oil, DSM Nutritional Products Ltd. 
               
               
                   spinosa  kernel oil) 
                   
               
               
                 Benzophenone-4 
                 Uvinul MS 40, BASF Corporation 
               
               
                 Benzoic acid 
                 OriStar HSB, Orient Stars LLC 
               
               
                 Benzyl alcohol 
                 Microcare BNA, THOR PERSONAL 
               
               
                   
                 CARE SAS 
               
               
                 Benzyl salicylate 
                 Seridefrizz Intense, Cheemyunion 
               
               
                   
                 Quimica Ltda. 
               
               
                 Butylene glycol 
                 Butylene Glycol, Oxea Corporation 
               
               
                 
                   Butyrospermum parkii 
                 
                 Cosmosil 600, International Cosmetic 
               
               
                 butter extract 
                 Science Centre 
               
               
                 Caffeine 
                 Caffeine, Merck KGaA/EMD Chemicals, 
               
               
                   
                 Inc. 
               
               
                   Camellia oleifera  seed oil 
                   Camellia Sasanqua  Oil, Ikeda Corporation 
               
               
                 Caprylyl glycol 
                 Sensiva SC 10, Schülke&amp; Mayr GmbH 
               
               
                 Capryl/capramidopropyl  
                 TEGO Betain 810, Evonik Industries AG, 
               
               
                 betaine 
                 38% 
               
               
                 Caprylic/capric triglyceride 
                 TEGOSOFT CT, Evonik Industries AG, 
               
               
                   
                 100% 
               
               
                 Carrageenan 
                 Genugel Carrageenan, CP Kelco 
               
               
                 Carbomer 
                 TEGO Carbomer 140, Evonik Industries 
               
               
                   
                 AG, 100% 
               
               
                 Cassia  
                 Formularbeginn 
               
               
                 hydroxypropyltrimonium 
                 Sensomer ST 250-Polymer, Lubrizol 
               
               
                 chloride 
                 Formularende 
               
               
                 Cellulose 
                 Arbocel A300, J. Rettenmaier &amp; Söhne 
               
               
                 Cetearyl Alcohol 
                 TEGO Alkanol 1618, Evonik Industries 
               
               
                   
                 AG, 100% 
               
               
                 Cetyl ricinoleate 
                 TEGOSOFT CR, Evonik Industries AG, 
               
               
                   
                 100% 
               
               
                 Cetrimonium bromide 
                 Rhodaquat M-242B/99, Rhodia 
               
               
                 
                   Chamomilla recutita 
                 
                 Recentia CR, AkzoNobel Global Personal 
               
               
                 ( matricaria ) extract 
                 Care 
               
               
                 Citral 
                 Citral FF, Symrise AG 
               
               
                 Citric acid 
                 Citric Acid USP Granular, DSM 
               
               
                   
                 Nutritional Products, Inc. 
               
               
                   Citrus aurantifolia  (lime) oil 
                 AEC Lime Oil, A &amp; E Connock, 
               
               
                   
                 Perfumery &amp; Cosmetics Ltd. 
               
               
                   Cistus incanus  extract;  
                 TEGO Pearl N 300, Evonik Industries AG 
               
               
                 Maltodextrin 
                   
               
               
                 Cocamide DEA 
                 REWOMID DC 212 S, Evonik Industries 
               
               
                   
                 AG, 100% 
               
               
                 Cocamide MEA 
                 REWOMID D 212, Evonik Industries AG, 
               
               
                   
                 100% 
               
               
                 Cocamidopropyl betaine 
                 TEGO Betain F 50, Evonik Industries AG, 
               
               
                   
                 38% 
               
               
                 Coco glucoside 
                 Plantacare 818 UP, BASF Cognis, 51% 
               
               
                 Coco betaine 
                 Dehyton AB 30, BASF Cognis, 31% 
               
               
                 Coumarin 
                 Rhodiascent extra pure, Rhodia Organics 
               
               
                 Creatine 
                 TEGO Cosmo C 100, Evonik Industries 
               
               
                   
                 AG, 100% 
               
               
                 Decyl glucoside 
                 Plantacare 2000 UP, BASF Cognis 
               
               
                 Dicaprylylether 
                 Cetiol OE, BASF Cognis 
               
               
                 Dehydroacetic acid 
                 Unisept DHA (Universal Preserv-A- 
               
               
                   
                 Chem, Inc.) 
               
               
                 Dimethicone 
                 DC 200 Fluid 100 cSt, Dow Corning, 
               
               
                   
                 100% 
               
               
                 Disodium  
                 REWOTERIC ® AM 2 C NM, Evonik 
               
               
                 cocoamphodiacetate 
                 Industries, 39%-ig 
               
               
                 Disodium cocoyl glutamate 
                 Planatpon ACG LC, BASF Cognis 
               
               
                 Disodium EDTA 
                 Dissolvine NA-2-P, AkzoNobel Global 
               
               
                   
                 Personal Care 
               
               
                 Disodium lauryl  
                 REWOPOL SB F 12 P, Evonik Industries 
               
               
                 sulphosuccinate 
                 AG, 95% 
               
               
                 Ethylhexyl stearate;  
                 TEGO ® Wipe Flex (Evonik Industries 
               
               
                 Phenoxyethanol;  
                 AG) 
               
               
                 Polyglyceryl-4 laurate;  
                   
               
               
                 Sorbitan laurate;  
                   
               
               
                 Dilauryl citrate 
                   
               
               
                 Geraniol 
                 Nerol 800, International Flavors &amp; 
               
               
                   
                 Fragrances Inc. 
               
               
                 Glucose 
                 Organic Biovert Substrate, Lonza 
               
               
                 Glycerol 
                 Glycerol EP, vegetable, Spiga Nord, 
               
               
                   
                 99.7% 
               
               
                 Glyceryl caprylate 
                 Dermosoft GMCY, Dr. Straetmans 
               
               
                 Glyceryl glucoside 
                 Hydagen GG, BASF Cognis 
               
               
                 Glyceryl oleate 
                 TEGIN O V, Evonik Industries AG, 100% 
               
               
                   Glycine  soya (soybean) oil 
                 Cropure Soybean, Croda Europe, Ltd. 
               
               
                 Glycol distearate 
                 TEGIN G 1100, Evonik Industries AG, 
               
               
                   
                 100% 
               
               
                 Guar  
                 Cosmedia Guar C 261, BASF Personal 
               
               
                 hydroxypropyltrimonium  
                 Care and Nutrition Gmbh/Jaguar C-17, 
               
               
                 chloride 
                 Rhodia Inc. and andere 
               
               
                 
                   Helianthus annuus 
                 
                 AEC Sunflower Oil, A &amp; E Connock, 
               
               
                 (sunflower) seed oil 
                 Perfumery &amp; Cosmetics Ltd. 
               
               
                 Hydrogenated castor oil 
                 Cutina HR Powder, BASF Personal Care 
               
               
                   
                 and Nutrition Gmbh 
               
               
                 Hydrolysed collagen 
                 Nutrilan H, BASF Personal Care and 
               
               
                   
                 Nutrition Gmbh 
               
               
                 Hydrolysed keratin 
                 Kerasol, Croda, Inc. 
               
               
                 Hydrolysed wheat protein 
                 Gluadin WLM, BASF Cognis 
               
               
                 Hydrolysed wheat starch 
                 Cropeptide W, Croda, Inc. 
               
               
                 Hydroxyethyl ethylcellulose 
                 Structure Cel 4400 E, AkzoNobel Global 
               
               
                   
                 Personal Care 
               
               
                 Hydroxypropyl guar 
                 Jaguar C-162, Rhodia, 100% 
               
               
                 hydroxypropyltrimonium  
                   
               
               
                 chloride 
                   
               
               
                 Hydroxypropyl  
                 TEGOCEL HPM 50, Evonik Industries 
               
               
                 methylcellulose 
                 AG, 100% 
               
               
                 Isopropyl myristate 
                 TEGOSOFT M, Evonik Industries AG, 
               
               
                   
                 100% 
               
               
                 Isostearamide MIPA;  
                 ANTIL SPA 80, Evonik Industries AG, 
               
               
                 Glyceryl laurate 
                 100% 
               
               
                 Lactic acid 
                 AEC Lactic Acid, A &amp; E Connock, 
               
               
                   
                 Perfumery &amp; Cosmetics Ltd. 
               
               
                 Lactis proteinum 
                 AEC Whey Protein, A &amp; E Connock, 
               
               
                   
                 Perfumery &amp; Cosmetics Ltd. 
               
               
                 Laureth-4 
                 TEGO Alkanol L 4, Evonik Industries 
               
               
                   
                 AG, 100% 
               
               
                 Laureth-5 carboxylic acid 
                 Marlowet 1072, Sasol Germany GmbH- 
               
               
                   
                 Marl 
               
               
                 Lauric acid 
                 Prifrac 2920, Croda Europe, Ltd. 
               
               
                 Lauryl glucoside 
                 Plantacare 1200 UP, BASF Cognis, 50% 
               
               
                 Lecithin 
                 AEC Lecithin Powder, A &amp; E Connock, 
               
               
                   
                 Perfumery &amp; Cosmetics Ltd. 
               
               
                 Limonene 
                 Dipentene No. 122, Hercules Inc. 
               
               
                 Linalool 
                 Lipofresh, Lipo Chemicals, Inc. 
               
               
                 Magnesium chloride 
                 OriStar MCL, Orient Stars LLC 
               
               
                 Maltodextrin 
                 Farmal MD 10, Corn Products 
               
               
                   
                 International 
               
               
                   Malva sylvestris  leaf extract 
                 Herbasec Mallow Leaves, Cosmetochem 
               
               
                   
                 International AG 
               
               
                   Mangifera indica  (mango)  
                 Mango Extract, Draco Natural Products 
               
               
                 fruit extract 
                   
               
               
                 Menthol 
                 OriStar HSB, Orient Stars LLC 
               
               
                 MIPA-Laureth sulphate 
                 Zetesol 2056, Zschimmer &amp; Schwarz 
               
               
                   
                 GmbH 
               
               
                 Octopirox 
                 Octopirox, Clariant Intl. Ltd. 
               
               
                   Olea europaea  (olive) fruit oil 
                 Cropure Olive, Croda Europe, Ltd. 
               
               
                 Palmitamidopropyltrimonium  
                 VARISOFT PATC, Evonik Industries AG, 
               
               
                 chloride) 
                 60% 
               
               
                 Panthenol 
                 D-Panthenol USP, BASF, 100% 
               
               
                 PEG-120 Methyl glucose  
                 ANTIL 120 Plus, Evonik Industries AG, 
               
               
                 dioleate 
                 100% 
               
               
                 PEG-14M 
                 Polyox WSR-205, The Dow Chemical 
               
               
                   
                 Company 
               
               
                 PEG-18 Castor oil dioleate 
                 Marlowet CG, Sasol Germany GmbH 
               
               
                 PEG-18 Glyceryl oleate/ 
                 ANTIL 171 Plus, Evonik Industries AG, 
               
               
                 cocoate 
                 100% 
               
               
                 PEG-200 Hydrogenated  
                 REWODERM LI S 80, Evonik Industries 
               
               
                 glyceryl palmate; PEG- 
                 AG, 100% 
               
               
                 7 Glyceryl cocoate 
                   
               
               
                 PEG-3 Distearate 
                 TEGIN D 1102, Evonik Industries AG, 
               
               
                   
                 100%; Cutina TS, BASF Cognis, 100% 
               
               
                 PEG-40 Hydrogenated  
                 TAGAT L 40, Evonik Industries AG, 
               
               
                 castor oil 
                 100% 
               
               
                 PEG-40 Sorbitan peroleate 
                 Arlatone T, Croda 
               
               
                 PEG-6 Caprylic/capric 
                 TEGOSOFT DEC, Evonik Industries AG, 
               
               
                 glycerides 
                 100% 
               
               
                 PEG-7 Glyceryl cocoate 
                 TEGOSOFT GC, Evonik Industries AG, 
               
               
                   
                 100% 
               
               
                 
                   Persea gratissima 
                 
                 Cropure Avocado, Croda Europe, Ltd. 
               
               
                 (avocado) oil 
                   
               
               
                 Petrolatum 
                 Merkur 115, Sasol Wax GmbH 
               
               
                 Phenethyl alcohol 
                 Etaphen, Vevy Europe SpA 
               
               
                 Phenoxyethanol 
                 S&amp;M Phenoxyethanol, Schülke &amp; Mayr 
               
               
                   
                 GmbH 
               
               
                 Phenoxyethanol; Ethylhexyl  
                 Euxyl PE 9010, Schülke &amp; Mayr GmbH 
               
               
                 glycerol 
                   
               
               
                 Phenoxyethanol;  
                 Euxyl K 300, Schuelke &amp; Mayr GmbH 
               
               
                 Methylparaben; 
                   
               
               
                 Ethylparaben; Butylparaben; 
                   
               
               
                 Propylparaben;  
                   
               
               
                 Isobutylparaben 
                   
               
               
                 Polyaminopropyl biguanide 
                 Microcare MBG, Thor 
               
               
                 Polyglyceryl-3 palmitate 
                 Dermofeel PP, Dr. Straetmans 
               
               
                 Polyglyceryl-4 caprate 
                 TEGOSOFT PC- 41, Evonik Industries 
               
               
                   
                 AG, 100% 
               
               
                 Polyglyceryl-6 caprylate;  
                 TEGO Betain 55, Evonik Industries AG 
               
               
                 Polyglyceryl-4 caprate;  
                 35% 
               
               
                 Propylene glycol 
                   
               
               
                 Polyquatemium-10) 
                 Polymer JR 400, Amerchol, 100% 
               
               
                 Polyquatemium-11 
                 Dehyquart CC 11, BASF Personal Care 
               
               
                   
                 and Nutrition Gmbh/Luviquat PQ 11 PN, 
               
               
                   
                 BASF Corporation 
               
               
                 Polyquaternium-37 
                 Cosmedia Ultragel 300, BASF Personal 
               
               
                   
                 Care and Nutrition Gmbh 
               
               
                 Polyquaternium-7 
                 Merquat 550, Nalco, 100% 
               
               
                 Polysorbate 20 
                 TEGO SML 20, Evonik Industries AG, 
               
               
                   
                 100% 
               
               
                 Potassium sorbate 
                 Euxyl K 712, Schülke &amp; Mayr GmbH 
               
               
                 Propylene glycol 
                 Euxyl K 320, Schülke &amp; Mayr GmbH 
               
               
                 Propylene glycol; PEG-55  
                 ANTIL 141 Plus, Evonik Industries AG, 
               
               
                 Propylene glycol oleate 
                 100% 
               
               
                 
                   Prunus amygdalus dulcis 
                 
                 Cropure Almond, Croda Europe, Ltd. 
               
               
                 (sweet almond) oil 
                   
               
               
                   Prunus cerasus  (bitter cherry)  
                   Prunus Cerasus  Fruit, Kirschen Extract, 
               
               
                 fruit extract 
                 Botanica GmbH 
               
               
                   Ricinus communis  seed oil 
                 Lipovol CO, Lipo Chemicals 
               
               
                 Salicylic acid 
                 OriStar HSB, Orient Stars LLC 
               
               
                 Silica 
                 Aerosil 130, Evonik Degussa GmbH 
               
               
                 Silicone quaternium-22 
                 ABIL T Quat 60, Evonik Industries AG, 
               
               
                   
                 65% 
               
               
                 Silicone quaternium-22;  
                 ABIL B 45, Evonik Industries AG, 30% 
               
               
                 Polyglycerol-3 caprate;  
                   
               
               
                 Dipropylene glycol; 
                   
               
               
                 Cocamidopropyl betaine 
                   
               
               
                 
                   Simmondsia chinensis 
                 
                 AEC Jojoba Oil Refined, A &amp; E Connock, 
               
               
                 (jojoba) seed oil  
                 Perfumery &amp; Cosmetics Ltd. 
               
               
                 Sodium benzoate 
                 Euxyl K 712, Schülke &amp; Mayr GmbH 
               
               
                 Sodium C14-16 olefin  
                 Bioterge AS-40 AOS, Stepan 
               
               
                 sulphonate 
                   
               
               
                 Sodium cetearyl sulphate 
                 Lanette E, BASF Personal Care and 
               
               
                   
                 Nutrition Gmbh 
               
               
                 Sodium cocoamphoacetate 
                 REWOTERIC AM C, Evonik Industries 
               
               
                   
                 AG, 32% 
               
               
                 Sodium  
                 REWOTERIC AM KSF 40, Evonik 
               
               
                 cocoamphopropionate 
                 Industries AG, 40% 
               
               
                 Sodium coco sulphate 
                 Texapon HC G, BASF Cognis 
               
               
                 Sodium cocoyl glutamate 
                 Plantapon ACG HC, BASF Cognis 
               
               
                 Sodium cocoyl glycinate 
                 Hostapon SG, Clariant; Amilite GCS-11, 
               
               
                   
                 Ajinomoto 
               
               
                 Sodium cocoyl sarcosinate 
                 Crodasinic MS, Croda 
               
               
                 Sodium/disodium cocoyl  
                 PERLASTAN ® SC 25 NKW, 
               
               
                 glutamate 
                 Schill&amp;Seilacher, 25%, 
               
               
                 Sodium hydroxide 
                 Unichem SOHYD, Universal Preserv-A- 
               
               
                   
                 Chem, Inc. 
               
               
                 Sodium hydroxypropyl  
                 Pure-Gel, Grain Processing Corporation 
               
               
                 starch phosphate 
                   
               
               
                 Sodium isethionate 
                 Hostapon SI, Company Clariant 
               
               
                   
                 International Ltd 
               
               
                 Sodium lactate 
                 Sodium Lactate Solution About 50%, 
               
               
                   
                 Merck KGaA/EMD Chemicals, Inc. 
               
               
                 Sodium lactate; Sodium  
                 LACTIL, Evonik Industries AG, 100% 
               
               
                 PCA; Glycine; Fructose;  
                   
               
               
                 Urea; Niacinamide; Inositol; 
                   
               
               
                 Sodium benzoate; Lactic acid 
                   
               
               
                 Sodium laureth sulphate 
                 Texapon NSO, BASF Cognis, 28% 
               
               
                 Sodium lauroamphoacetate 
                 ColaTeric SLAA, Colonial Chemical Inc 
               
               
                 Sodium lauroyl isethionate 
                 Yongan SLI , Huanggang Yongan 
               
               
                   
                 Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd 
               
               
                 Sodium lauroyl methyl  
                 Iselux, Innospec Active Chemicals 
               
               
                 isethionate 
                   
               
               
                 Sodium lauryl sulphate 
                 Texapon LS 35, BASF Cognis, 30% 
               
               
                 Sodium trideceth sulphate 
                 Rhodapex EST-30, Rhodia 
               
               
                 Sorbitan caprylate 
                 Sorbon S-10, Toho Chemical Industry Co., 
               
               
                   
                 Ltd. 
               
               
                 Sorbitan sesquicaprylate) 
                 ANTIL Soft SC, Evonik Industries AG, 
               
               
                   
                 100% 
               
               
                 Stearic acid 
                 Pristerene 4922, Croda Europe, Ltd. 
               
               
                 Styrene/acrylates copolymer 
                 Neolone PE, The Dow Chemical 
               
               
                   
                 Company 
               
               
                 Sucrose cocoate 
                 TEGOSOFT LSE 65 K, Evonik Industries 
               
               
                   
                 AG, 100% 
               
               
                 Tetrasodium EDTA 
                 Neolone PE, The Dow Chemical 
               
               
                   
                 Company 
               
               
                 Tocopherol 
                 Euxyl K 700, Schülke &amp; Mayr GmbH 
               
               
                 Trideceth-9 
                 Marlipal O 13/90, Sasol Germany GmbH - 
               
               
                   
                 Marl 
               
               
                   Triticum vulgare  germ oil 
                 Cropure Wheatgerm, Croda Europe, Ltd. 
               
               
                 Xanthan gum 
                 Keltrol CG-SFT, CP Kelco, 100% 
               
               
                   Zea mays  (corn) germ oil 
                 AEC Corn Germ Oil, A &amp; E Connock, 
               
               
                   
                 Perfumery &amp; Cosmetics Ltd. 
               
               
                 Zinc PCA 
                 Zincidone, UCIB, Solabia Group 
               
               
                 Zinc pyrithione 
                 Microcare ZP, THOR PERSONAL CARE 
               
               
                   
                 SAS 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     While the present invention has been particularly shown and described with respect to various embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing and other changes in forms and details may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It is therefore intended that the present invention not be limited to the exact forms and details described and illustrated, but fall within the scope of the appended claims.