Abstract:
The invention provides an improved instrument for automation of solid phase extraction chemistries typically used in biotechnology labs. The instrument includes a mechanism for transferring samples dissolved in a liquid from initial containers to reaction columns that are used to perform solid phase extractions. Samples, reaction columns and collection containers are in microtiter plate format or tubes that are on 18 millimeter centers. The transfer system is automatically cleaned after use in preparation for the next use. A dispense manifold is used to dispense various reagents into the reaction columns. Pressure differential is used to move reagents through reaction columns. A sliding cover is used to divert the reagent exiting reaction columns to waste or allowing collection of sample as it exits outlets of reaction columns. Samples are automatically collected in microtiter plates or in individual tubes or vials.

Description:
CROSS-RELATED TO PATENT APPLICATION 
     This applications claims priority from provisional application serial no. 61/653,995, filed May 31, 2012. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     This invention relates to automated chemistry instrument and more specifically methods and instrumentation for automated solid phase extractions of biomolecules. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Solid phase extraction of biomolecules is a required final step in biomolecule synthesis. The instrumentation used to perform the solid phase extractions has traditionally been either manual or using expensive robotic systems. As solid phase synthesis of small molecules such as oligonucleotides and peptides has proliferated, the need for low cost purification and solid phase extraction of these small molecules has also grown. An economical automated system that will perform various solid phase extraction chemistries automatically is needed. This system must perform these chemistries on samples that are in a multi-well plate format or in individual vials that can be placed on 18 millimeter centers. 
     It is apparent that a lower cost, fully automated system is needed by the industry. In such an instrument it is preferred to transfer of samples using cleanable, reusable mechanisms that do not result in cross contamination between samples in the same run. In addition, this mechanism should not result in carryover contamination from samples in a previous run to the samples in the current run. 
     The instrument must also have a reasonably economical system for dispensing reagents into a multitude of reaction columns. In addition, the system must be able to collect the desired product in individual tubes or wells without cross contamination between the individual samples being collected. 
     SUMMARY 
     Considered broadly, automated solid phase extraction instruments, are of the type that utilize flow through reaction columns with an open top for introduction of samples and reagents into the reaction column and an open bottom for removal of waste reagents from the reaction columns. Specific properties of material contained within reaction columns are chosen by the user to perform the particular solid phase extraction they desire to perform. For purposes of this system, a variety of reaction columns may be utilized. The system is designed to be flexible making it suitable for use with reaction columns generally found in scientific labs. 
     Pressure differential across the reaction columns is used to move samples and reagents through the reaction columns. Reagents, buffers and samples exiting the outlets of the reaction columns may be sent to waste or collected in containers (collect containers). A transfer subsystem is used to transfer liquid samples from a sample container that may contain up to 96 individual samples simultaneously to a similar number of reaction columns. There is one reaction column per sample therefore one may have up to as many as 96 reaction columns. Transfer of the entire volume of each sample is usually required. However reaction columns may not have enough space to contain the entire volume of each sample therefore the system is capable of transferring the sample multiple times. Between each transfer the sample system will expel the liquid buffer out of the reaction column outlets to waste while retaining the sample within the reaction column. This process is repeated until the desired volume of the samples have been transferred to the reaction columns. The system used to accomplish this process is a novel system that consists of a sealable chamber that contains the sample containers, PEEK pickup tubes that extend into the bottoms of the sample containers, and a spring loaded platform that pushes the sample containers up so that the PEEK pickup tubes reach the bottom of the sample containers. The PEEK pickup tubes may be cut so that the end can pick up the entire volume of each liquid sample. The cut end is cut on a 60 degree angle and 0.050 inch long tip of angle is cut off so that 1/2  of the hole in PEEK pickup tubes is pressed flat against the bottom of sample containers and 1/2  of the opening of the hole in PEEK pickup tube is open to the liquid sample on the 60 degree angle. This cut ensures that all the liquid will be transferred and that PEEK pickup tubes will not be plugged by pressing against the bottom of the sample containers. PEEK pickup tubes are maintained straight so that they are guided into the sample containers by a guide plate that follows the tubes as the tubes and the tube manifold are moved up to open the sealable chamber to allow access to the sample container. The PEEK tubes are coupled to Teflon tubes at the tube manifold. Both the PEEK tubes and the Teflon tubes are 1/16 inch OD×0.030 inch ID. The coupling of these two tubes is accomplished using ferrules and tube nuts designed for coupling tubes together. The Teflon tubes are about 18 inches long and terminate in a pattern that matches the pattern of reaction columns being used. The dispense ends of the Teflon tubes have PEEK tubes inserted into them. The PEEK tubes are held in place and sealed to the inside of the Teflon tubes by standard tube ferrules. The ID of the PEEK tubes is 0.015 inch. This smaller diameter provides back pressure which facilitates complete transfer of all samples even when some transfer tubes are not transferring any sample. The exposed ends of the PEEK tubes are formed at a 45 degree angle which is used to eliminate splashing as the liquid samples are transferred. A mechanism controlled by pneumatic cylinders lowers the angled tips of the PEEK tubes into the top of the reaction columns during the transfer process to contain atomized droplet of sample containing liquid within each reaction column. 
     Pickup ends of PEEK pickup tubes and inside bottom of sample transfer containers are lower than the dispense nozzles on the dispense ends of the transfer tube assembly. This arrangement ensures that any sample buffer that is remaining in the transfer tubes at the time the transfer is siphoned back into the transfer containers so that drops do not form on the ends of the transfer tube dispense nozzles. Drops forming on the dispense ends of the transfer tubes could fall off into incorrect reaction columns in the process of the system controller moving reaction columns from the transfer station to the reaction station. 
     The transfer tube pickup manifold also contains a unique mechanism for washing the PEEK pickup tubes between uses. The washing system consists of horizontal passages drilled through the manifold such that the horizontal passages intersect the vertical holes that the PEEK tubes go through. One long horizontal passage is drilled the width of the manifold such that it intersects 8 PEEK pickup tubes. The horizontal passage is drilled offset such that the center of the horizontal passage intersects the edge of the vertical holes. The horizontal passage is located vertically so that it is just below the sealing ferrules that are attached to the top end of each PEEK pickup tube. Each horizontal passage is connected to a tube which is in turn connected to a solenoid valve. The other side of the solenoid valve is connected to a tube which is connected to a pressurized bottle of wash buffer. When the solenoid valves are opened the wash buffer flows into the transfer tube pickup manifold filing the horizontal passage. Wash buffer flows between the OD of the PEEK pickup tubes and the ID of stainless steel outer tubes. Wash buffer exits the space between the PEEK pickup tubes and outer stainless steel tubes and down the outside of each PEEK tube washing it and filling each sample container with wash buffer. The sealable sample chamber can then be pressurized to push the wash buffer through the transfer tubes to waste thereby washing the outside and the inside of the transfer tube assemblies. 
     A distribution manifold is used to dispense various liquid reagents and buffers into the open tops of the reaction columns to facilitate each chemistry step needed for the particular solid phase extraction being performed. Reagents are selected to be dispensed by the reagent distribution manifold using 2 way valves. The dispensing distribution manifold uses 12 each 2 way valves to dispense reagents into individual reaction columns. The distribution manifold is capable of dispensing reagent into up to 96 individual reaction columns without relative motion between dispensing nozzles and reaction columns. 
     Reaction columns are contained within a holder whose position can be selected by the system controller. When the holder containing the reaction vessels is positioned below the reagent dispense nozzles the reaction vessels are contained within a chamber whose pressure is controlled by the system controller. After reagents are dispensed into the reaction columns the system controller selects a pressure to apply to the reaction columns based on the protocol. A lower pressure is applied to slowly move reagents through the reaction columns. A higher pressure is applied to move reagent quickly through the reaction columns or to completely empty the reaction columns. Low and High pressures may be set using standard pressure regulators. The exact pressure chosen is dependent on the flow properties of the reaction columns. Pressures typically range from 2 psi to 12 psi. 
     A mechanism is used to send the effluent exiting the outlets of reaction columns either to waste or to collection containers. This unique mechanism consists of a specially designed sliding cover that is located below the outlets of the reaction columns and above the inlets of the collection containers. The design of the sliding cover is such that waste liquid that lands on the cover is shed off the front and rear but not the left and right ends. The design is further enhanced by extensions that protrude downward on the front and rear past the tops of the collection containers. This is important to ensure that no waste ever gets into the collect containers. The sliding cover top is an angle that slopes to the front and rear. The left and right of the cover have troughs cut so that liquid reagent cannot flow off the left and right sides of the cover. The front and rear of the cover have extensions that extend down past the tops of the collect containers so that any waste reagent flowing off the front or rear of the cover does not depart the cover until it is below the open tops of the collect containers. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a front perspective view of the automated system. 
         FIG. 2  is a front perspective view of the transfer subsystem. 
         FIG. 3  is a front perspective view of PEEK pickup tubes with guide plate for keeping tubes in alignment with the sample container matrix. 
         FIG. 4   a  is a side view of the first cut of the pickup tube. 
         FIG. 4   b  is a side view of the second cut of the pick-up tube. 
         FIG. 4   c  is a side view of  FIG. 4   b , with pickup tube rotated ninety degrees. 
         FIG. 5  is a side perspective view of the spring loaded platform that pushes sample transfer containers up so that sample transfer container inside bottom hits tip of PEEK pickup tubes. 
         FIG. 6  is a side perspective view of the spring loaded platform height restriction device to limit the volume of sample transferred, shown with transfer tubes and sample container. 
         FIG. 7  is a side perspective view of the dispense ends of the transfer tube assemblies relative to reaction column inlets. 
         FIG. 8  is a side perspective view of the ends of the dispense nozzles extending into the reaction columns. 
         FIG. 9  is a cross sectional view of one transfer tube connected the pickup tube manifold on the right and showing a dispense nozzle on the left. 
         FIG. 10  is a cross sectional view of the PEEK pickup transfer tubes mounted in the transfer manifold detailing the pickup tube washing system. 
         FIG. 11  is a side perspective view of the reagent dispensing manifold assembly. 
         FIGS. 12   a ,  12   b  shows  2  cross section views of the reagent dispense manifold. The figure on the left shows the flow path for dispensing nozzles controlled by the  6  valves on the rear of the manifold while the figure on the right shows the flow path for the dispensing nozzles controlled by the  6  valves on the front of the manifold. 
         FIG. 13  is a cross section view of the dispense manifold showing the construction of the dispense nozzles. 
         FIG. 14  is a side perspective view of the dispense manifold with dispense nozzles positioned over the reaction columns. Notice that the dispense nozzle tips protrude into the reaction columns slightly to avoid dispensing into adjacent reaction columns. 
         FIG. 15  is top perspective view of the cover plate which directs waste reagent around the tops of the collect containers. 
         FIG. 16  is the bottom view of  FIG. 15 . 
         FIG. 17  is a plan front view showing the positions of components in the system when the reagent dispensing manifold is dispensing reagent to waste and/or samples are being transferred from the sample transfer containers to the reaction columns. 
         FIG. 18  is a plan front view showing the positions of the components in the system when the transfer tubes are being washed and/or the reagent dispensing system is dispensing reagent into the reaction columns and/or reagent in the reaction columns is being expelled to waste. 
         FIG. 19  is a front plan view showing the position of the components in the system when the transfer tubes are being washed and/or reagent in the reaction columns is being expelled to collect. 
         FIG. 20  is a cross section view of sample transfer chamber. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     One embodiment of the system for performing automated, solid phase extraction is an automatic system controlled by a suitable controller and software. Software is written to allow users to use this system to duplicate the processes of solid phase extraction as developed by the providers of the solid phase extraction reaction columns. 
     With reference to  FIG. 1 , an embodiment of a system for performing automated solid phase extractions is illustrated. This system includes a transfer system  49  suitable for transfer of samples from a multi-well storage plate or storage tubes to dispense nozzles at an underside of dispense nozzle spacing plate  5 . The spacing pates are mounted on bench  56 . A dispense System  50  allows various reagents to be dispensed through an array of reaction columns. Reaction column shuttle  51  provides movement of the reaction column array between the transfer system and the dispense system. The cover and cover shuttle  52  allows the liquid dispensed by the dispense system through an array of reaction columns to be diverted to waste rather than be collected in the collection plate. Finally, the collection plate system  53  includes a collection plate lift  54  and a pneumatic cylinder  55  for positioning the collection plate. 
     With reference to  FIG. 2 , a liquid transfer system allows for transferring liquid samples from the wells of a sample container  10  containing an array of as many as  96  individual containers to a similar matrix of reaction columns  8 . Pickup tube manifold  7  holds an array of equally spaced pickup tubes  9 . A spring based lift allows a sample holding container  10  to be lifted into a position in which the pickup tubes each extend into one of the sample holding wells or tubes. A pressure head is introduced that drives the liquid into pickup tubes  9  and into transfer tubes  4 . At the opposing end of transfer tubes  4  are dispense nozzle array  6  directing liquid into the reaction columns  8 . A nozzle plate  5  allows the nozzles to be mounted with a fixed spacing. 
     With reference to  FIG. 3 , to maintain the spacing of the pickup tubes, a movable guide plate  12  slides up and down on fixed rods  11 . This guide plate contains ninety six holes in which PEEK pickup tubes  9  pass through maintaining correct alignment such that PEEK pickup tubes  9  are guided into sample transfer containers. 
     With reference to  FIGS. 4   a ,  4   b ,  4   c , the ends of the pickup tube is shown. Details of this embodiment for transferring liquid samples from a matrix of ninety six sample transfer containers to a similar matrix of reaction columns includes a PEEK pickup transfer tubes which have the pickup end cut to a 60 degree angle  1 , followed by a second cut in which 0.050 inch from the tip of said angle is cut off  2  (see  FIG. 4   b ) providing a tube end  3  ( FIG. 4   c ) with an opening. If the tube end is pressed onto the flat surface of a plate well bottom, the sample is still able to enter the tube. 
     With reference to  FIG. 5 , the transfer system also includes a provision for transferring the entire contents of each sample transfer container  10  which includes a movable sample support plate  13  located under the sample transfer container. Four springs  14  are positioned under the movable support plate  13 . These springs  14  push said support plate  13  up (as indicated by arrow  15 ), thereby pushing up said sample transfer container  10  until PEEK pickup tubes  9  touch inside bottom of said sample transfer container  10 . 
     With respect to  FIG. 6 , if the user requires a sample transfer of less than the entire volume contained in said sample container  10  limit screw  16  is used to limit the height said sample container  10  can move up thereby limiting the depth said PEEK pickup tubes  9  are immersed into liquid sample. 
     With respect to  FIG. 7 , a dispense nozzle spacing plate  5  spaces dispense nozzles  6  over reaction columns  8 . Reaction columns are held in reaction column holder  46 . 
     With respect to  FIG. 8 , the sample transfer tube enters dispense nozzle spacing plate  5 , where dispense nozzles  6  are directed onto reaction column  8 . The reaction columns are filled with a porous material that is used to perform the solid phase extraction (separation). This material severely restricts the flow of reagents through it. Therefore when liquid sample or other reagents are applied to the open top the liquid will stay in the reaction column for at least several minutes before it starts to drip out the bottom. Once liquid does move from the top of the reaction column to the bottom of the reaction column, the chemistry taking place as the liquid sample moves through the material in the reaction column extracts the oligo or peptide from the liquid and retain this until it is extracted. 
     The transfer dispense nozzle  6  has an angled tip  17  that directs the transferred liquid onto the side of reaction column  8 . Liquid which is pressure driven through Teflon tube  4  to dispense end of transfer tube  4  out dispense nozzle  6 . In this example, angled tip  17  is at a 45 degree angle. Liquid exiting tube  4  is directed onto the inside wall of the reaction columns  8  thereby retaining all fluid exiting each transfer dispense nozzle  6  within the corresponding reaction column. 
     With reference to  FIG. 9 , a ferrule  18  retains dispense nozzle  6  on Teflon tube  4 . Dispense nozzle  6  is shown having angled tip  17 . 
     An embodiment allowing for washing the transfer tubes automatically is detailed in  FIG. 10 . The transfer sample container is contained within a chamber that can be pressurized or vented through standard solenoid valves controlled by the system controller. In one embodiment, the sample transfer chamber is pressurized to a pressure of 9 psi for transferring samples. Pressure in the chamber forces liquid sample through the PEEK pickup tube  9  to the sample transfer pickup manifold  7 . At manifold  7 , the PEEK pickup tube  9  is coupled to a Teflon tube  4  via ferrule  21 , ferrule  20  and tube nut  19 . Teflon tube  4  is ⅙ inch OD×0.030 inch ID×18 inch long. 
     After sample is transferred through sample transfer tubes  4  to reaction columns  8 , sample transfer tubes  4  must be cleaned before next use. In one embodiment, a method for cleaning sample transfer tubes  4  between uses is enabled by this system. Prior to cleaning of sample transfer tubes the system controller will move reaction columns to the left which is reagent flow and reaction position. Washing system is implemented through the mechanisms shown in  FIG. 10 . Each set of eight PEEK pickup tubes  9  has one wash buffer feed flow path  22 . The wash buffer flow path  22  is 0.1 inch ID and it is located such that its center is tangent to the OD of PEEK pickup tubes  9 . The position of said flow path  22  relative to said PEEK pickup tubes  9  allows free flow of wash buffer to eight PEEK pickup tubes  9  said flow path  22  encounters. A stainless steel guide  23  is installed in transfer manifold  7  for each PEEK pickup tube  9 . ID of said guide  23  is 0.072 inch and OD of said PEEK pickup tube is 0.062 inch allowing a gap between them of 0.005 inch. Wash buffer is flowed through said passage  22  and flows between said PEEK Pickup tube  9  and said guide  23  then follows OD of said PEEK pickup tube  9  into transfer sample container  10  filling all sample containers in the array of sample containers with wash buffer wherein the system controller stops flow of wash buffer. System controller then seals the sample transfer pickup chamber and applies 9 psi pressure. Wash buffer is forced through the transfer tube assemblies  4  to waste. The pickup tube manifold is connected to a pressurized bottle of wash solution. As shown in  FIG. 10 , the wash solution flows into a channel  22  that supplies a row of pickup tubes. The wash solution moves down the space between the outer stainless steel jacket  23  and the inner PEEK tube, and into the sample holder wells. The wells fill, washing both the well and the outside of the transfer tube. The flow is stopped, pressure is then reapplied to the sample holder, driving the wash fluid into the pickup tubes  9 , through the transfer tubes, and out the dispense nozzles  6 . In  FIG. 20  it can be seen that the space below the transfer dispense nozzles is an open space that is going to waste. There is a container below the transfer dispense nozzles that catch the waste and send it to an external waste container. 
     In addition to the transfer subsystem, the system includes dispense and draining subsystem. After the samples have been transferred to the reaction columns, the reaction columns may be moved by shuttle  52  shown in  FIG. 1  to a position below the dispense manifold  25 . With reaction vessel holder  46  positioned below the reagent dispense manifold  25  a sealable chamber  60  is created at the tops (inlets) of the reaction vessels. With reaction columns positioned below reagent dispense manifold  25  various reagents can be directed from reagent dispense manifold  25  into the open tops of the reaction columns. With reference to  FIG. 11 , one embodiment utilizes manifold  25  shown in  FIG. 11  for dispensing selectable reagents into as many as ninety six different reaction columns. This embodiment includes standard pressure driven reagent flow system for eight different reagents. The reagent storage and control part of the system is not shown as it is using standard pressurized bottles of reagents and solenoid valves and tubing which are in common use in the industry. 
     Manifold  25  shown in  FIG. 11  for dispensing measured volumes of reagents into a matrix of open top columns is embodied in the system. Reagents are driven into manifold  25  via two ports and flow paths. Port and flow path  29  which is 0.1 inch ID serves reagent to the six two way valves  24  located on the rear of said manifold  25 . With reference to  FIGS. 12 ,  13  and  14 ; reagent is served to valve through flow paths  28  which is 0.062 inch ID through any valves that are turned on by system controller then distributed through flow path  27  which is 0.062 inch ID to flow path  30  which is 0.1 inch ID which distributes reagent to eight dispensing nozzles  34 . 
     Flow path  31  which is 0.1 inch ID delivers reagents to six valves on the front of said manifold  25 . Reagent is served to valves through flow paths  33  which is 0.062 inch ID through any valves that are turned on by system controller then distributed through flow path  32  which is 0.062 inch ID to flow path  30  which is 0.10 inch ID which distributes reagent to eight dispensing nozzles  34 . 
     Reagent dispensing nozzles  34  are an integral part of the dispense manifold that significantly contribute to uniform flow across nozzles. Reagent dispense nozzles  34  are shown in detail in  FIGS. 12 and 13 . Reagent dispense nozzles  34  are secured to dispense manifold  25  using tube nuts  36  and ferrules  37 . Reagent dispense nozzle  34  is PEEK tubing that is 1/32 inch OD×0.015 inch ID×1.2 inch long. Reagent dispense nozzle  34  is fitted into the center hole of a piece of Teflon tubing  35  that is 1/16 inch OD×0.030 inch ID×1.05 inch long. Teflon tube  35  is fitted into the center hole of a stainless steel tube that is 0.085 inch OD×0.072 inch ID×1.0 inch long. Stainless steel tube  39  provides support for dispense tube assembly. 
     In this embodiment, all ninety six dispensing nozzles are capable of dispensing a selectable volume of a selectable reagent onto as many as ninety six selectable reaction columns and the system controller is capable of sealing the chamber  60  above the reaction column  8  top openings and applying various pressures to the sealed chamber  60  thus forcing reagent to flow through the reaction columns  8  at a desired rate. 
     In addition to the sample transfer subsystem and reagent dispense subsystem, the instrument includes a means for directing reagent expelled from a matrix of reaction columns  8  either to waste or to a similar matrix of collect containers  40 , as shown in  FIGS. 15 and 16 . A cover  38  that can be moved by shuttle  52  of  FIG. 1  is movable between two locations. In a first location, cover  38  is positioned between outlets of the reaction columns and open tops of the wells of the collection containers. This diverts reagent expelled from reaction column outlets to waste. In second position, the cover is removed from between the outlets of the reaction columns and the wells of the collection containers to allow reagent expelled from reaction column outlets  47  to be collected in collection containers  40 . Movable cover  38  top surface is fashioned as shown in  FIG. 15  where in top surface  42  are sloping away from center to front and rear and wherein sloping troughs  41  are fashioned at left and right and flaps  43  are fashioned to hang over front and rear and protrude below open tops of collect containers  40 . When cover is covering collection container openings collection container is slid into space  44  as shown in  FIG. 16 . 
     Liquid directed onto the top of the movable cover will flow off the front and rear edges. The extensions ( 43 ) insure the liquid flowing off the front and rear edges does not flow or move into the collection plate. The troughs catch liquid that may try to run off the left and right ends and keep it from going off the left and right ends. Liquid that hits to top of the cover is destined for waste. It flows into the large cavity which is below and is sent to a waste container by gravity through a tube. 
     To  FIG. 19  shows the lower waste cavity, which is a space that is drained to an external waste container through a waste tube  59 . Waste is drained by gravity. There are two waste tubes  59  draining this space, one on left of the space and one on right of the space. 
     With reference to  FIG. 17 , the interworking of the components of the solid phase extraction system is illustrated. Housings around the components are not included for clarity. 
     Sample transfer system consists of ; Sample transfer container  10 , sample transfer pickup tubes  9 , sample transfer pickup manifold  7 , sample transfer tubes  4 , sample transfer dispense manifold  5  and sample transfer dispense nozzles  6 . 
       FIG. 17  also shows the reaction column holder and associated parts which are; reaction column holder  46 , reaction columns  8 , reaction column holder cart  45  and reaction column outlet  47 . Reaction columns  8  are shown in position for transferring samples to reaction columns. This is also the position reaction columns  8  are in when reagent dispense system  25  is priming to waste  58  and  59 . 
       FIG. 17  shows Reagent Dispense Manifold Assembly  25 . Reagents are dispensed from a matrix of as many as  96  dispense nozzles in reagent dispense manifold  25 . 
     Cover  38  and collect containers  40  are shown directly beneath dispense manifold  25 . In this position reagent dispense manifold nozzles  34  may be primed. Cover  38  is preventing reagent from being dispensed into collect containers  40  while diverting reagent to waste  58  and  59 . 
       FIG. 18  shows reaction column holder  46  and reaction column holder cart  45  have been moved to the left placing reaction columns  8  directly beneath reagent dispensing manifold  25 . Cover  38  is covering collect containers  40  preventing reagent expelled from reaction column outlets  47  from entering collect containers  40 . 
     Transfer dispense nozzles  6  are over waste  58  and  59  allowing transfer tube assemblies  4  to be washed to waste. 
       FIG. 19  is showing the system with components in position for collecting product in collect container  40 . Cover  38  is shown beneath transfer dispense nozzles  6 . Reaction column outlets  48  are shown positioned inside tops of collect container. Buffer containing desired product is expelled from bottom of reaction columns  48  into collect container  40 . 
     The control system and software that is facilitating automatic operation of the solid phase extraction system can utilize the various novel unique mechanisms of the invention to perform many different solid phase extraction process. A typical solid phase extraction process is illustrated. This example illustrates the system as used to perform purification of synthetically produced DNA fragments. Reaction columns designed for purification of synthetic DNA and sold by Glen Research Inc. Process followed was supplied by Glen Research Inc. Process can be organized into the following major steps:
     1) Setup instrument for performing an automated extraction.   

     a. Sample transfer container  10  is placed into sample transfer container chamber  57  as shown in  FIG. 20 . 
     b. Reaction columns  8  is placed into reaction column holder  45  and reaction column holder  45  is placed into reaction column holder cart  46 . 
     c. A clean collect container  40  is placed into collect plate lift  54 .
     2) Prepare Reaction Columns   

     a. Reaction columns  8  are moved to a position below reagent dispensing nozzles  34  shown in  FIG. 20 . 
     b. Cover  38  is moved to a position to shield collect container  40  shown in  FIG. 18 . 
     c. Desired volume of desired reagent is dispensed into active reaction columns  8 . 
     d. Gas pressure is applied to inlets of reaction columns  8  forcing reagent through reaction columns  8  to top of cover  34  which sheds reagent to waste. 
     e. Steps  2   c  and  2   d  are repeated 2 times.
     3) Transfer Sample to reaction columns   

     a. Reaction columns  8  are moved to a position below transfer dispense nozzles  6  shown in  FIG. 17 . 
     b. Gas pressure is applied to sample transfer chamber  57 . Samples move through PEEK pickup tubes  9 , through sample transfer tubes  4  and are dispensed into reaction columns  8  through sample transfer dispense nozzles  6  (As shown in  FIG. 17 ). 
     c. Reaction columns  8  is moved to a position below reagent dispensing nozzles  34  shown in  FIG. 18 . 
     d. Gas pressure is applied to inlets of reaction columns  8  forcing sample buffer through reaction columns  8  to top of cover  34  which sheds reagent to waste. Sample is retained within reaction columns. 
     e. Steps  3   a  thru  3   d  are repeated 4 times to transfer entire volume of sample buffer to reaction columns.
     4) Wash reaction columns to remove contaminates   

     a. Reaction columns  8  are moved to a position below reagent dispensing nozzles  34  shown in  FIG. 20 . 
     b. Cover  38  is moved to a position to shield collect container  40  shown in  FIG. 20 . 
     c. Desired volume of desired reagent is dispensed into reaction columns  8 . 
     d. Gas pressure is applied to inlets of reaction columns  8  forcing reagent through reaction columns  8  to top of cover  34  which sheds reagent to waste. 
     e. Steps  4   c  and  4   d  are repeated 4 times.
     5) Elute and collect product which is purified DNA fragments   

     a. Reaction columns  8  are moved to a position below reagent dispensing nozzles  34  shown in  FIG. 19 . 
     b. Cover  38  is moved to a position below sample transfer dispense nozzles as shown in  FIG. 19  exposing reaction vessel outlets  48  to collect container  40  open tops. 
     c. Collect Container  40  is moved up to engage outlets of reaction columns  48  into open tops of collect containers  40 . 
     d. Desired volume of sample elution buffer is dispensed into reaction columns  8 . 
     e. Gas pressure is applied to inlets of reaction columns  8  forcing reagent through reaction columns  8  to top of cover  34  which sheds reagent to waste. 
     f. Steps  5   d  and  5   e  are repeated 2 times.
     6) Wash Transfer System.   

     a. Sample transfer container is filled with sample wash buffer.
         i. Sample wash buffer is flowed into sample transfer pickup manifold  7  through passages  22 .   ii. Sample wash buffer will flow down outside of PEEK pickup tubes  9  cleaning the outside and into sample transfer container  10  filling sample transfer container matrix of containers.       

     b. Gas pressure is applied to sample transfer container  10 . Wash buffer will flow through sample transfer pickup tubes  4  to waste through space  58  and waste tubes  59 .
     7) Process is complete, sample transfer container  10 , reaction columns  8  and collection container  40  can be removed.