Abstract:
A new and distinct cultivar of raspberry (i.e.,  Rubus idaeus  L.) is provided. The cultivar has an early harvest season and forms large, medium colored, long conic, very good flavored fruit. Based on trials on root rot infested soil, the cultivar appears to exhibit good levels of tolerance to root rot.

Description:
GOVERNMENT INTERESTS  
       [0001]     The invention was made in part with Federal formula funds pursuant to the Hatch Act and was part of Project WNP00640. The United States Government has certain rights in the invention. 
     
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION  
       [0002]     This invention concerns a new and distinct cultivar of raspberry plant with a botanical name of  Rubus ideaus  L.  
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
       [0003]     Many cultivars of raspberry plant are known. For instance, raspberry cultivars named ‘Lauren’, ‘Encore’, ‘Prelude,’ and ‘WSU 1090’ are described in U.S. Plant Pat. Nos. 10,610, 11,746, 11,747, and 14,522 respectively. The parents of the new and distinct cultivar of the present invention are WSU 991 and WSU 608.  
         [0004]     The instant plant, CASCADE DAWN, originated from a hand-pollinated cross of WSU 991 (non-patented)×WSU 608 (non-patented) made in 1988 at Washington State University Puyallup Research and Extension Center, Puyallup Wash. WSU 991 is a yellow-fruited raspberry selection from the Washington State University breeding program and is not patented. It produces large, firm, early season fruit. WSU 608 is a red raspberry selection from the Washington State University breeding program and is not patented. WSU 608 is productive, medium sized, with weak fruiting laterals making it difficult to harvest.  
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
       [0005]     CASCADE DAWN is distinguished primarily by its early season fruit and moderate field tolerance to root rot. The fruit is long conic with a mild, well balanced flavor.  
         [0006]     CASCADE DAWN is distinguished from its parent WSU 991 by having red fruit, WSU 991 is a yellow fruited selection. CASCADE DAWN is distinguished from WSU 991 by having a greater density of spines, darker spines, longer petiolule for the distal lateral leaflet and shorter terminal petiolule on primocane leaves, more drupelets per fruit, smaller drupelets and smaller individual seed weight.  
         [0007]     CASCADE DAWN is distinguished from its parent WSU 608 in having larger fruit, more drupelets per fruit, smaller individual seed weight, and an earlier harvest season.  
         [0008]     CASCADE DAWN is distinguished from ‘Cascade Delight’ (patented as ‘WSU 1090’, U.S. Plant Pat. No. 14,522) by having an earlier fruiting season, fruit with a lower anthocyanin level, fruit that is not as firm, and the presence of a petiolule on the distal lateral leaflet of the primocane leaves over 1 mm in length.  
         [0009]     CASCADE DAWN is distinguished from ‘Chemainus’ (not patented) by having fruit with less titratable acidity and fruit with lower a anthocyanin level. ‘Chemainus’ is much more susceptible to root rot than CASCADE DAWN.  
         [0010]     CASCADE DAWN is distinguished from ‘Malahat’ (non-patented) by producing more primocanes, having longer internodes on both primocanes and floricanes, longer petiolules on both distal lateral leaflets and basal lateral leaflets of the primocane leaves, more flowers per lateral and more flowers per flowering lateral, and more drupelets per fruit. ‘Malahat’ is an early season cultivar, but is much more susceptible to root rot than CASCADE DAWN.  
         [0011]     CASCADE DAWN is distinguished from ‘Meeker’ (non-patented) by an earlier harvest season, larger fruit, higher yield on a root sites, and the presence of a petiolule on the distal lateral leaflet of the primocane leaves over 1 mm in length. ‘Meeker’ is much more susceptible to root rot than CASCADE DAWN.  
         [0012]     CASCADE DAWN is distinguished from ‘Prelude’ (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 11,747) by having a later bloom date, larger fruit, longer fruit, greater length/width ratio for the fruit, greater number of drupelets, and smaller individual seed weight.  
         [0013]     CASCADE DAWN is distinguished from ‘Tulameen’ (non-patented) by an earlier harvest season, fruit with less soluble solids, and the presence of a petiolule on the distal lateral leaflet of the primocane leaves over 1 mm in length. ‘Tulameen’ is much more susceptible to root rot than CASCADE DAWN.  
         [0014]     CASCADE DAWN is distinguished from ‘Willamette’ (non-patented) by producing more primocanes, longer internodes for both primocanes and floricanes, earlier primocane emergence, longer petiolules on both distal lateral leaflets and basal lateral leaflets of the primocane leaves, more flowers per lateral, more nodes per lateral and more flowering nodes per lateral, larger fruit, higher yields and an earlier fruiting season. ‘Willamette’ is much more susceptible to root rot than CASCADE DAWN.  
     
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0015]     The accompanying photographs show typical specimens of the new cultivar, in color as nearly true as it is reasonably possible to make in color illustrations of this character. Photographs are intended to show morphological features of the plant.  
         [0016]      FIG. 1  is a photograph of canes of CASCADE DAWN with winter color, taken Feb. 25, 2003.  
         [0017]      FIG. 2  is a photograph of a cane of CASCADE DAWN, taken May 23, 2003 showing the spines and the pigmented basal spots.  
         [0018]      FIG. 3  is a photograph of a young primocane of WSU 991, one of the parents, showing sparse yellow-green spines taken Jun. 19, 2003.  
         [0019]      FIG. 4  is a photograph of a young primocane of WSU 608, one of the parents, showing spines with pronounced basal spots taken Jun. 3, 2003.  
         [0020]      FIG. 5  is a photograph of the upper surface of a leaf from a primocane of CASCADE DAWN taken Jun. 18, 2003.  
         [0021]      FIG. 6  is a photograph of the upper surface of leaves from a primocane of CASCADE DAWN and both parents taken Jun. 19, 2003.  
         [0022]      FIG. 7  is a photograph of fruit and receptacle of CASCADE DAWN, taken Jul. 3, 2003. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION  
       [0000]     History and Growth  
         [0023]     The seeds resulting from the controlled hybridization of WSU 991×WSU 608 were germinated in a greenhouse during the winter of 1988-1989. Resulting seedlings were planted in the spring of 1989 at Washington State University Puyallup Research and Extension Center, Puyallup, Wash. The seedlings fruited in 1991 and one, designated WSU 1068, was selected for its early fruit, good flavor and apparent productivity.  
         [0024]     During 1991-1992, the original plant selection was propagated asexually in a greenhouse at Puyallup, Wash., by rooting cuttings derived from root material. A replicated planting of four replications of three plants each was established in spring 1992 at Puyallup, Wash. Subsequently, additional test plantings were established from asexually propagated plants that were propagated from root cuttings or micropropagated using meristem cultures from axillary buds of primocanes. Plantings were established in Burlington, Mt. Vernon, Puyallup, and Vancouver, Wash. All asexually propagated plants have been observed to be true to type during all asexual multiplication and the vegetative and fruit characteristics of the original plants have been maintained. Plants fruited in the second or third season of growth after planting.  
         [0025]     Test plantings have shown this new variety to be adapted to all tested locations in western Washington. There has been no observed winter damage, but winter hardiness is unknown.  
         [0026]     Plants of the new variety have vigorous growth with long fruiting laterals.  
         [0000]     Measurements  
         [0027]     When objects could be accurately measured with an 8 mm diameter measuring opening (leaves and fruit), color was measured with a Minolta Chroma Meter CR-200b, which measures color in L*, a*, b* color coordinates. Calibration was performed using a standard white plate supplied by the manufacturer. These L*, a*, b* coordinates were converted and presented in Munsell color notation. For all other color measurements, color was compared with Royal Horticultural Society Colour Chart color plates and presented as Royal Horticultural Society Colour Chart designations.  
         [0028]     The descriptions reported herein are from specimens grown at Puyallup, Wash., unless otherwise noted.  
         [0000]     Size  
         [0029]     The number of canes per hill, diameter, cane length, number of nodes, internode length, and color are given in comparison to ‘Malahat’ and ‘Willamette’ in Table 1. CASCADE DAWN produced many canes and was very vigorous. CASCADE DAWN produced more primocanes than either ‘Malahat’ or ‘Willamette’. The internode length for CASCADE DAWN was longer than either ‘Malahat’ or ‘Willamette’ for both primocanes and floricanes. Plants have been grown in the hill system with 10-12 canes retained per hill and the primocanes pruned to 1.2 m in winter. The following summer, fruiting plots were 180 cm tall with a width of 120 cm.  
         [0000]     Canes  
         [0030]     Primocane emergence for CASCADE DAWN occurred approximately Mar. 8, 2002 and was earlier than for ‘Willamette’ (non-patented), approximately Mar. 18, 2002. When the floricanes were observed Feb. 28, 2002 the canes appeared Greed Orange group (166A). The color of the bud scales were Grayed Purple group (183A). The midwinter color of canes is shown in  FIG. 1 . In midsummer (Jul. 22, 2002) the cane color was much greener, Yellow-Green group (145A). At about 30 cm in height the canes had 20-40 spines per cm of cane ( FIG. 2 ). The spines are straight and pointed toward the base of the canes. There are pigmented spots at the base of the spine that are similar or slightly lighter in color as the spines. The spine color is similar to ‘Malahat’ and ‘Willamette’, Red Purple Group (59A) . The spines at 20 cm were 2.6 mm long and the basal spot at the base of the spine was 2.8 mm long. The canes are glabrous.  
         [0031]     The canes of CASCADE DAWN are distinct from WSU 991, by the color and frequency of spines ( FIG. 3 ). The canes of CASCADE DAWN are similar to those of WSU 608 ( FIG. 4 ).  
         [0000]     Leaves  
         [0032]     The upper surface of the leaves is glabrous with some pubescence at the leaf margin. The leaves are pubescent on the lower surface. The leaflets are generally flat in cross-section. The petioles are pubescent and also have spines that are similar (but smaller) to those on the canes.  
         [0033]     Characteristics of primocane leaves are given in Table 2. The primocane leaves are pinnately compound with 5 leaflets ( FIG. 5 ). The leaves have 2 stipules. The distal lateral leaflets and the terminal leaflet overlap slightly on some leaves and the basal lateral leaflets and the distal lateral leaflets overlap slightly on some leaves. The leaflets are doubly serrated. The leaflets are generally ovate. The tips of all leaflets are acuminate to acute. The base of the terminal leaflet is rounded to cordate. The petiolule for the basal lateral leaflet was longer than for ‘Malahat’, ‘Willamette’, and both parents. The bases are rounded and asymmetrical. The petiolule for the distal lateral leaflet was longer than WSU 991. ‘Malahat’, ‘Willamette’ and WSU 608 all had sessile leaflets with relatively symmetrical leaf bases. The presence of a petiolule over 1 mm for the distal lateral leaflet is unusual for raspberries. The upper surfaces of leaves of a primocane of CASCADE DAWN are compared to WSU 991 and WSU 608 in  FIG. 6 .  
         [0034]     Characteristics of floricane leaves are given in Table 3. The floricane leaves have 3 leaflets that do not overlap. The leaves have 2 stipules. The leaflets are generally ovate. The leaflet tips are acuminate to acute. The leaflet base for the terminal leaflet is cordate and the lateral leaflets are rounded.  
         [0000]     Flowers and Fruit  
         [0035]     Fruit of this variety ripens early in the season, with the midpoint of harvest averaging July 3 for four plantings on sites where plants of other cultivars showed obvious root rot symptoms and July 6 on sites for 9 harvest seasons without obvious root rot symptoms. ‘Willamette’ ripened 3 days after CASCADE DAWN. The length of the fruiting season averaged 24 days at Puyallup, Wash. Fruit production has not been observed on primocanes. Fruit releases easily from the receptacle when the fruit is fully ripe. It does not release easily at earlier stages of maturity. The fruit is large on sites with no obvious root rot symptoms, averaging 4.1 g over the season, similar in size to ‘Tulameen’. On sites with obvious root rot symptoms, the fruit averaged 3.67 g, not differing significantly from ‘Meeker’ and ‘Willamette’.  
         [0036]     Although variable from year to year and among locations, May 25, 2002 was the date for the first open flowers of CASCADE DAWN at Puyallup, Wash., and a few days after ‘Prelude’, May 21, 2002. Flowers of ‘Willamette’ opened with CASCADE DAWN or slightly afterward. The lateral length, number of nodes, number of flowers, flower diameter and color are given in Table 4. CASCADE DAWN had more flowers per lateral than ‘Willamette’ and ‘Malahat’ and more nodes and flowering nodes per lateral than ‘Willamette’. CASCADE DAWN had more flowers per flowering node than ‘Malahat’. Flower morphology is typical of most red raspberry cultivars and is not useful to identify CASCADE DAWN. The petals are White Group (155D), sepals Yellow-Green Group (147D) and pedicels are Yellow-Green Group (144A) and for portions of the pedicels exposed to full light Greyed-Purple Group (183A). The flowers are perfect with generally 5 sepals, 5 petals and numerous stamens (approximately 120) and pistils (approximately 135 based on the number of developed drupelets). The flowers are self-fertile. The flowering trusses are cymose in elongate clusters and at each node on the fruiting lateral the flowers are predominantly borne singly, or sometimes in clusters of two or more. The flowers have no discernable fragrance. The pedicel length, number of fruit and number of fruiting nodes are given in Table 5. The pedicel length was similar in CASCADE DAWN, ‘Malahat’ and ‘Willamette’. Differences between the number of flowers (Table 4) and number of fruit (Table 5) are within sampling errors.  
         [0037]     Fruit morphological characteristics are given in Table 6. Fruit is long conic in shape ( FIG. 7 ). The fruit weight of CASCADE DAWN on Jul. 3, 2002 was larger than that of ‘Malahat’ and ‘Prelude’, and also has longer fruit. The weight of the fruit early in the season on Jul. 3, 2002 (5.99 g) is much larger than the average fruit weight for the season (3.61 g for 2002 harvest of 1999 planting). The length/width ratio was 1.29, greater than ‘Prelude’, 0.98. The number of drupelets for CASCADE DAWN was much more than ‘Malahat’ and ‘Prelude’. The weight of individual seed was significantly less than that for ‘Prelude’.  
         [0038]     Fruit of the parents of CASCADE DAWN, WSU 991 and WSU 608, were analyzed in 1992. WSU 991 had 85.6 drupelets/fruit, with a drupelet weight of 76 mg and an average seed weight of 2.04 mg. WSU 608 had 103.5 drupelets per fruit, drupelet weight of 40.6 mg and an average seed weight of 1.74 mg. CASCADE DAWN has more drupelets per fruit, and smaller average seed weight than both of its parents. CASCADE DAWN had a smaller drupelet weight than WSU 991.  
         [0039]     The pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids and anthocyanin concentration of processing ripe fruit are given in Table 7. Soluble solids content of CASCADE DAWN fruit was less than ‘Tulameen’, but did not differ from the other cultivars to which it was compared. The titratable acidity of CASCADE DAWN had the lowest value, but was only significantly different from ‘Chemainus’. With the relatively low soluble solids and low titratable acidity, the flavor of CASCADE DAWN fruit is mild and well balanced. The anthocyanin content of CASCADE DAWN fruit was only significantly different from ‘Cascade Delight’ and ‘Chemainus’.  
         [0040]     The flavor of CASCADE DAWN is very pleasant and should be well suited to fresh market use. Because of the difficulty in picking fruit of CASCADE DAWN at the fresh market stage of maturity, most times it will be harvested at a slightly riper stage of development. This riper fruit is best suited for local (short distance) fresh market.  
         [0041]     Fruit of CASCADE DAWN, Malahat and Prelude were harvested at a fresh market stage and stored at 4° C. for 6 days and then at room temperature (approximately 20° C.) for 4 hours. Firmness and color was measured prior to storage and after storage (Table 8). Fruit at harvest of CASCADE DAWN and Malahat were similar in firmness and firmer than Prelude. After storage, CASCADE DAWN was firmer than ‘Malahat’ and ‘Prelude’. Color of all of the cultivars was acceptable after storage.  
         [0042]     Fruit production was measured in eight plantings at Puyallup, Vancouver and Mt. Vernon, Wash. in replicated plots that were hand harvested (Table 9). The plantings represent 13 harvest seasons. For four of the harvest seasons, there were plants of other cultivars that showed obvious root rot symptoms. For the other nine harvest seasons there were no obvious root rot symptoms. ‘Meeker’, ‘Tulameen’ and ‘Willamette’ were the only cultivars that were included in all of the plantings. On sites with no obvious symptoms of root rot, the yield of CASCADE DAWN was equivalent to ‘Meeker’ and had large fruit, similar in weight to ‘Tulameen’ The dates of 5%, 50% and 95% of harvest are given in Table 9. The dates for the start the harvest season, the midpoint of harvest and end of the season for CASCADE DAWN were earlier than for the other cultivars. On the four sites with obvious symptoms of root rot, the yield of CASCADE DAWN was significantly greater than the other cultivars. The harvest season for CASCADE DAWN was earlier than for the other cultivars. ‘Malahat’ was included in three of the plantings with obvious symptoms of root rot. ‘Malahat’ did not survive in any of these plantings.  
         [0043]     Harvest data for CASCADE DAWN has not been collected from a planting where its parents, WSU 991 and WSU 608, were harvested. WSU 991 was harvested in 1990 and 1991 from a 1988 planting. WSU 991 had a midpoint of harvest one day after ‘Willamette’ in 1990 and two days after ‘Willamette’ in 1991. WSU 608 was harvested from 1984 through 1987 from a 1982 planting. The midpoint of harvest averaged six days after ‘Willamette’ and four days before ‘Meeker’. CASCADE DAWN with a midpoint of harvest significantly before ‘Willamette’ differs from both of its parents.  
         [0044]     CASCADE DAWN was also subjectively evaluated in plots established in 2003 that were machine harvested at Burlington, Wash. CASCADE DAWN machine harvested did not release from the receptacle until overripe. CASCADE DAWN does not appear to be suited to machine harvesting.  
         [0000]     Disease Resistance  
         [0045]     CASCADE DAWN is susceptible to the large raspberry aphid ( Amphorophora agathonica ) the vector for the mosaic virus complex. It appears to be resistant to raspberry bushy dwarf virus (RBDV) via pollen transmission. In unsprayed plots, the canes had spur blight ( Didymella applanata  [Niessl] Sacc.) infections at a moderate incidence. CASCADE DAWN has been planted in areas with high levels of root rot ( Phytophthora fragariae  var  rubi  Wilcox &amp; Duncan) and has survived well. CASCADE DAWN appears to have some field resistance to root rot.  
         [0046]     While the invention has been described in connection with specific embodiments thereof, it will be understood that it is capable of further modification, and this application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention following, in general, the principles of the invention and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice in the art to which the invention pertains and as may be applied to the essential features hereinbefore set forth, and as fall within the scope of the invention and the limits of the appended claims.  
                                                   TABLE 1                           Cane measurements taken on       Jul. 22, 2002, Puyallup, Washington.                CASCADE                   DAWN   Malahat   Willamette                        Primocanes                   Diameter base (mm)    10.4a    10.8a    11.4a       Diameter 4 ft (mm)    7.9a    6.3a    8.9a       Length (cm)   213a   158b   199ab       Number of nodes    35.3a    35.0a    36.0a       Internode length (cm)    8.7a    4.1b    5.2b       Number of canes/hill    66a    19c    43b       Cane color   145A   145A   145B       Spine color    59A    59A    59A       Floricanes       Diameter base (mm)    12.9a    15.3a    12.2a       Diameter 4 ft (mm)    10.2a    10.6a    9.0a       Length (cm)   163a   169a   165a       Number of nodes    22.0a    29.7a    25.3a       Internode length (cm)    5.0a    3.8b    3.4b       Cane color   146B   146B   146B                 Three canes were measured for each clone.              z Royal Horticultural Society Colour Chart designations            Means within a row followed by the same letter are not significantly different at P ≦ 0.05, by Duncan&#39;s Multiple Range Test.             
 
         [0047]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Primocane leaves measured at 4 feet on 
               
               
                 Jun. 19, 2003, Puyallup, Washington. 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 CAS- 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 CADE 
                   
                 Willa- 
               
               
                   
                 DAWN 
                 Malahat 
                 mette 
                 WSU 608 
                 WSU 991 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Petiole length 
                 66.6b 
                  71.2b 
                 65.6b 
                  76.4b 
                  99.0a 
               
               
                 (mm) 
               
               
                 Rachis length 
                 42.8b 
                  42.6b 
                 37.4b 
                  45.4ab 
                  51.6a 
               
               
                 (mm) 
               
               
                 stipule length 
                  5.6a 
                  7.0a 
                  7.5a 
                  5.8a 
                  6.1a 
               
               
                 (mm) 
               
               
                 terminal 
               
               
                 leaflet 
               
               
                 length (mm) 
                 88.8b 
                 111.6a 
                 80.2b 
                 113.8a 
                 111.8a 
               
               
                 width (mm) 
                 58.2c 
                  77.6ab 
                 54.8c 
                  72.4b 
                  88a 
               
               
                 petiolule 
                 22.3b 
                  19.6bc 
                 14.4c 
                  15.1c 
                  33.5a 
               
               
                 length (mm) 
               
               
                 distal lateral 
               
               
                 leaflet 
               
               
                 length (mm) 
                 71.8bc 
                  85.2a 
                 65.2c 
                  81.6ab 
                  87.4a 
               
               
                 width (mm) 
                 35.6c 
                  44b 
                 32.6c 
                  37.0bc 
                  54a 
               
               
                 petiolule 
                  2.4a 
                  0c 
                  0c 
                  0c 
                  1.2b 
               
               
                 length (mm) 
               
               
                 basal lateral 
               
               
                 leaflet 
               
               
                 length (mm) 
                 81.6c 
                 100.4ab 
                 80.2c 
                 110.6a 
                  97.2b 
               
               
                 width (mm) 
                 53.2a 
                  69.4a 
                 52.0b 
                  66.8a 
                  62.8a 
               
               
                 petiolule 
                 14.1a 
                  2.2c 
                  3.2c 
                  11.6b 
                  4.3c 
               
               
                 length (mm) 
               
               
                 Color 
               
               
                 upper surface 
               
               
                 of leaflet 
               
               
                 Munsell color 
                 6GY4/4 
                 6.5GY3/3 
                 6GY4/4 
                 6.5GY3/3 
                 3GY4/3 
               
               
                 lower surface 
               
               
                 of leaflet 
               
               
                 Munsell color 
                 6GY6/2 
                 6.5GY5/2 
                 6GY6/2 
                 6GY5/2 
                 6GY6/2 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   Five leaves were measured for each clone.    
               
               
                   Means within a row followed by the same letter are not significantly different at P ≦ 0.05, by Duncan&#39;s Multiple Range Test.    
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0048]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 3 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Floricane leaves measured at 4 feet on 
               
               
                 Jun. 19, 2003, Puyallup, Washington. 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 CAS- 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 CADE 
                   
                 Willa- 
               
               
                   
                 DAWN 
                 Malahat 
                 mette 
                 WSU 608 
                 WSU 991 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Petiole 
                 35.8b 
                 66.2b 
                 37.4b 
                 36.4b 
                  63.6a 
               
               
                 length 
               
               
                 (mm) 
               
               
                 stipule 
                  0.8a 
                  1.9a 
                  2.4a 
                  0.6a 
                  0a 
               
               
                 length 
               
               
                 (mm) 
               
               
                 terminal 
               
               
                 leaflet 
               
               
                 length (mm) 
                 87.4b 
                 85.6b 
                 73.6b 
                 78.2b 
                 125.6a 
               
               
                 width (mm) 
                 56.8b 
                 50.8b 
                 49.0b 
                 43.0b 
                  94.4a 
               
               
                 petiolule 
                 25.2b 
                 20.5bc 
                 23.4b 
                 16.6c 
                  36.6a 
               
               
                 length (mm) 
               
               
                 basal 
               
               
                 lateral 
               
               
                 leaflet 
               
               
                 length (mm) 
                 73b 
                 69.4b 
                 62.4b 
                 64.2b 
                  92.6a 
               
               
                 width (mm) 
                 40.0b 
                 36.2b 
                 32.8b 
                 31.6b 
                  61.2a 
               
               
                 petiolule 
                  5.0a 
                  1.2b 
                  2.1b 
                  2.1b 
                  2.8b 
               
               
                 length (mm) 
               
               
                 Color 
               
               
                 upper 
               
               
                 surface of 
               
               
                 leaflet 
               
               
                 Munsell 
                 5.5GY3/3 
                 5.5GY3/3 
                 5.5GY4/4 
                 5.5GY4/3 
                 5.5GY3/3 
               
               
                 color 
               
               
                 lower 
               
               
                 surface of 
               
               
                 leaflet 
               
               
                 Munsell 
                 5GY6/2 
                 5.5GY5/2 
                 5GY6/2 
                 5.5GY5/2 
                 5GY5/2 
               
               
                 color 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   Five leaves were measured for each clone.    
               
               
                   Means within a row followed by the same letter are not significantly different at P ≦ 0.05, by Duncan&#39;s Multiple Range Test.    
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0049]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 4 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Flower measurements taken at 4 feet on 
               
               
                 Jul. 22, 2002, Puyallup, Washington. 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 CASCADE 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 DAWN 
                 Malahat 
                 Willamette 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Flower diameter 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Sepal-sepal (mm) 
                  23.3b 
                  34.3a 
                  26.7b 
               
               
                 petal-petal (mm) 
                  10.3a 
                  10.0a 
                  8.7a 
               
               
                 Fruiting lateral length (cm) 
                  57a 
                  49a 
                  46a 
               
               
                 Number of flowers/lateral 
                  23.3a 
                  11.3b 
                  11.0b 
               
               
                 Number of nodes/lateral 
                  18.0a 
                  16.0ab 
                  13.3b 
               
               
                 Number of flowering 
                  10.7a 
                  10.3a 
                  7.3b 
               
               
                 nodes/lateral 
               
               
                 Flowers/flowering node 
                  2.23a 
                  1.10b 
                  1.53ab 
               
               
                 Color z   
               
               
                 petals 
                 155D 
                 155D 
                 155D 
               
               
                 sepals 
                 147D 
                 147D 
                 147D 
               
               
                 pedicels y   
                 144A/183A 
                 144A/183A 
                 144A/183A 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   Five flowering laterals were measured for each clone.    
               
               
                     z Royal Horticultural Society Colour Chart designations    
               
               
                     y First value given is for base color and second value is for portions exposed to full light.    
               
               
                   Means within a row followed by the same letter are not significantly different at P ≦ 0.05, by Duncan&#39;s Multiple Range Test.    
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0050]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 5 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Lateral measurements taken at 4 feet on 
               
               
                 Jul. 22, 2002, Puyallup, Washington 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 CASCADE 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 DAWN 
                 Malahat 
                 Willamette 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Pedicel length (mm) 
                 2.68a 
                 2.54a 
                 3.14a 
               
               
                 Number of nodes/lateral 
                 16.0a  
                 11.4a  
                 12.0a  
               
               
                 Number of fruit/lateral 
                 21.6a  
                 15.4a  
                 16.4a  
               
               
                 Number of fruit per node 
                 1.38a 
                 1.35a 
                 1.36a 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   Five fruiting laterals were measured for each clone.    
               
               
                   Means within a row followed by the same letter are not significantly different at P ≦ 0.05, by Duncan&#39;s Multiple Range Test.    
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0051]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 6 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Fruit morphological characteristics, red ripe fruit 
               
               
                 harvested Jul. 3, 2002, Puyallup, Washington. 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 CASCADE 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 DAWN 
                 Malahat 
                 Prelude 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Fruit weight (g) 
                  5.99a 
                  4.65b 
                  3.91b 
               
               
                 Length (mm) 
                  28.1a 
                  25.5b 
                  20.2c 
               
               
                 Width (mm) 
                  21.8a 
                  20.6a 
                  20.7a 
               
               
                 L/W ratio 
                  1.29a 
                  1.24a 
                  0.98b 
               
               
                 Receptacle diameter (mm) 
                  10a 
                  8.5b 
                  8.1b 
               
               
                 Receptacle length (mm) 
                  21.5a 
                  18.4b 
                  13.1c 
               
               
                 Drupelet length (mm) 
                  5.48ab 
                  5.86a 
                  5.32b 
               
               
                 Drupelet width (mm) 
                  4.24a 
                  4.5a 
                  4.0a 
               
               
                 Number of drupelets 
                 135.4a 
                  94.8b 
                  95.0b 
               
               
                 Drupelet weight (mg) 
                  44.4ab 
                  49.2a 
                  41.4b 
               
               
                 Total seed weight (mg) 
                 178a 
                 136b 
                 171a 
               
               
                 Individual seed weight (mg) 
                  1.33b 
                  1.43b 
                  1.79a 
               
               
                 Color Munsell 
                 3.5R3/6 
                 3.5R3/6 
                 3.5R3/6 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   Means within a row followed by the same letter are not significantly different at P ≦ 0.05, by Duncan&#39;s Multiple Range Test.    
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0052]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 7 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Analysis of raspberry fruit harvested 
               
               
                 July 2003, Puyallup, Washington. 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Soluble 
                   
                 Titratable 
                   
               
               
                   
                 solids 
                   
                 acidity 
                 Anthocyanins 
               
               
                   
                 (° brix) 
                 pH 
                 (% citric acid) 
                 (mg/g fruit) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 CASCADE DAWN 
                 10.65bc 
                 2.69a 
                 0.77b 
                 0.38b 
               
               
                 Cascade Delight 
                 11.50bc 
                 2.76a 
                 1.33ab 
                 0.63a 
               
               
                 Chemainus 
                 10.37c 
                 2.41a 
                 1.55a 
                 0.58a 
               
               
                 Meeker 
                 12.07ab 
                 2.70a 
                 0.85b 
                 0.46ab 
               
               
                 Tulameen 
                 12.77a 
                 2.59a 
                 0.97ab 
                 0.48ab 
               
               
                 Willamette 
                 11.20bc 
                 2.52a 
                 0.96ab 
                 0.54ab 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   Analysis of three replications of 10 g of fruit.    
               
               
                   Means within a row followed by the same letter are not significantly different at P ≦ 0.05, by Duncan&#39;s Multiple Range Test.    
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0053]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 8 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Storage of fruit harvested Jul. 5, 2002, Puyallup, Washington. 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                   
                 Munsell 
               
               
                   
                 Fruit firmness (g) 
                 Color 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Fruit characteristics prior to storage 
                   
                   
               
               
                 CASCADE DAWN 
                 247a 
                 5R3/6 
               
               
                 Prelude 
                 123b 
                 5R3/8 
               
               
                 Malahat 
                 262a 
                 5R3/7 
               
               
                 Fruit characteristics after storage 
               
               
                 CASCADE DAWN 
                 193a 
                 4R3/5 
               
               
                 Prelude 
                  81c 
                 4R3/6 
               
               
                 Malahat 
                 182b 
                 4R3/5 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   Twelve fruit measured for each Malahat and CASCADE DAWN and six fruit for Prelude on each date. Fruit stored 6 days at 4 C., then room temperature (20 C.) for 4 hours.    
               
               
                   Means within a row followed by the same letter are not significantly different at P ≦ 0.05, by Duncan&#39;s Multiple Range Test.    
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0054]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 9 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Harvest data comparing CASCADE DAWN with three Pacific Northwest 
               
               
                 cultivars. 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Harvest season 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                   
                 Fruit y   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Length 
               
               
                   
                   
                 firm- 
                 Fruit 
                 Fruit 
                   
                   
                   
                 of 
               
               
                   
                 Yield 
                 ness 
                 rot 
                 weight 
                   
                   
                   
                 season 
               
               
                   
                 (t/a) 
                 (g) 
                 (%) 
                 (g) 
                 5% 
                 50% 
                 95% 
                 (d) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 CAS- 
                 8.1a 
                 166a 
                 7.9a 
                 4.09a 
                 26- 
                 6- 
                 20- 
                 24ab 
               
               
                 CADE 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Junc 
                 Julc 
                 Julc 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Harvest data from sites with no obvious symptoms of root rot z . 
               
             
          
           
               
                 CAS- 
                 8.1a 
                 166a 
                 7.9a 
                 4.09a 
                 26- 
                 6- 
                 20- 
                 24ab 
               
               
                 CADE 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Junc 
                 Julc 
                 Junc 
               
               
                 DAWN 
               
               
                 Meek- 
                 8.5a 
                 168a 
                 4.9a 
                 3.25b 
                 4- 
                 17- 
                 31- 
                 26ab 
               
               
                 er 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Jula 
                 Jula 
                 Jula 
               
               
                 Tula- 
                 7.7ab 
                 177a 
                 6.9a 
                 4.37a 
                 4- 
                 15- 
                 31- 
                 27a 
               
               
                 meen 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Jula 
                 Jula 
                 Jula 
               
               
                 Willa- 
                 6.2b 
                 162a 
                 5.0a 
                 3.24b 
                 30- 
                 9- 
                 23- 
                 23b 
               
               
                 mette 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Junb 
                 Julb 
                 Julb 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Harvest data from sites with obvious symptoms of root rot x   
               
             
          
           
               
                 CAS- 
                 7.6a 
                 175a 
                 1.2a 
                 3.67a 
                 22- 
                 3- 
                 17- 
                 25a 
               
               
                 CADE 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Junc 
                 Julb 
                 Julb 
               
               
                 DAWN 
               
               
                 Meek- 
                 3.8b 
                 183a 
                 0.8a 
                 3.50a 
                 6- 
                 16- 
                 26- 
                 20b 
               
               
                 er 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Jula 
                 Jula 
                 Jula 
               
               
                 Tula- 
                 0.7b 
                 166 
                 0.7 
                 3.60 
                 8- 
                 17- 
                 29- 
                 21 
               
               
                 meen w   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Jul 
                 Jul 
                 Jul 
               
               
                 Willa- 
                 3.1b 
                 166a 
                 0.2a 
                 2.70a 
                 26- 
                 6- 
                 17- 
                 21b 
               
               
                 mette 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Junb 
                 Julb 
                 Julb 
               
               
                   
               
               
                     z Data from the following harvest seasons and planting are included:    
               
               
                   Harvests from plantings with no obvious symptom of root rot    
               
               
                   All plantings at Puyallup, Washington unless noted.    
               
               
                   1994 and 1995 harvests in 1992 planting.    
               
               
                   1997 harvest in 1995 planting.    
               
               
                   1998 harvest in 1996 planting.    
               
               
                   1999 and 2000 harvests in 1997 planting.    
               
               
                   2002 and 2003 harvests in 1999 planting.    
               
               
                   2000 harvest in 1998 planting at Mt. Vernon, Washington    
               
               
                     y Firmess data not collected from Mt. Vernon, Washington planting.    
               
               
                     x Data from the following harvest seasons and plantings    
               
               
                   Harvests from plantings with obvious symptom of root rot    
               
               
                   1998 harvest in 1995 planting.    
               
               
                   1999 harvest in 1996 planting.    
               
               
                   2003 harvest in 2000 planting.    
               
               
                   2001 harvest in 1999 planting at Vancouver, Washington    
               
               
                   Only yield data collected from Vancouveer plating.    
               
               
                     w No plots survived in the 1995 and 2000 plantings for Tulameen. Tulameen only included in yield analyses. Values from 1996 planting for comparison.    
               
               
                   Means within a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different at P ≦ 0.05, by Duncan&#39;s Multiple Range Test.