Abstract:
Novel undercoats for use on porous bases such as, for example, concrete are disclosed. Said undercoats contain or comprise at least one epoxy resin, at least one latent hardener and at least one solvent. The above are characterize in being easy to produce, contain no isocyanate groups and form a good ageing-resistant adhesion, in particular, with single component isocyanate-free sealants, cross-linked by means of silane groups.

Description:
REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     The present application claims the priority of European patent application No. 00 128 475.1, filed on Dec. 23, 2000, the disclosure whereof is here included by reference. 
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present invention concerns novel undercoats for improvement of the adhesion of substrates, in particular of porous bases, such as for example concrete, with one- or two-component adhesive systems. 
     STATE OF THE TECHNOLOGY 
     Undercoats, also described as primers, activators or bonding agents, are used everywhere where the adhesive used achieves only a limited or no adhesion to the substrate or base. In this, the components of the adhesive system, namely the pretreatment, i.e. the undercoat, and the adhesive are matched to one another and to the substrate. Such undercoats can be physically setting or chemically crosslinkable. Pretreatment systems for different substrates are known, however there are no undercoats for porous bases on the market which are single-component, free from isocyanates, free from aromatic solvents and applicable with simple aids, e.g. brushes, and in combination with moisture-reactive adhesives or sealants, especially with isocyanate-free sealants based on silane-group terminated prepolymers, known as polyurethane hybrid or MS-Kaneka systems, display good, ageing-resistant adhesion. 
     In EP 0 921 140 A1 and U.S. Pat. No. 6,080,817, undercoats with isocyanate group-containing binders are described, these undercoats being used for the application of paint in automobile manufacture. 
     Already known from DE 100 26 148 are undercoats which contain an epoxy resin, a latent hardener, a solvent, and vinyltrimethylsiloxane. 
     The purpose of the present invention is to provide new undercoats for improving the adhesion of substrates, in particular of porous substrates, such as for example concrete, which are preferably isocyanate-free. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     Surprisingly, it has now been found that an undercoat containing or consisting of at least one epoxy resin, at least one latent hardener, at least one bonding agent additive, which contains at least 2 functional groups, where at least one thereof is an epoxy group which can react with the latent hardener, and at least one thereof is a silane group or titanate group, and at least one solvent displays the desired good affinity to porous bases, such as for example concrete (DIN standardized or sandblasted), absorbent clinker, ceramics, garden paving stones, facing brick and various wood species (beech, pine, teak, etc.), and also to non-porous bases such as glazed clinker, and thus renders good adhesion of the coating material possible. Preferred coating materials are in particular single-component silane-based sealants. Moreover, the undercoats according to the invention are very simple to produce. 
     Means of Implementing the Invention 
     Substances preferably used in the undercoats according to the invention comprising at least one epoxy resin, at least one latent hardener, at least one bonding agent additive and at least one solvent are described in more detail below. 
     Possible epoxy resins are aliphatic and aromatic epoxy group-bearing compounds, especially those which are solid at room temperature. Preferred epoxy resins are: solid, bisphenol A-based resins of medium molecular weight. 
     Latent hardeners can be selected from the substance groups ketimines, aldimines or oxazolidines, cyclic, aliphatic ketimines being preferred. Preferred latent hardeners are: blocked, cycloaliphatic diamines and/or urethane bisoxazolidines. 
     For ecological reasons, possible solvents are preferably aliphatic solvents, such as for example ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, and other acetate-based solvents, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, hexane, heptane, ethyl alcohol, cyclohexane, etc. Particularly for application on porous bases, the solvent content in the undercoat according to the invention lies in the range from 20 to 80 wt. %, preferably in the range from 50 to 60 wt. %, and the viscosity should lie between 20 and 200 mPas, particularly between 40 and 80 mPas. With too low a viscosity, the covering of a porous base, such as for example concrete, is insufficient, which results in reduced adhesion quality. With too high a viscosity, the pores of porous bases are inadequately filled, which owing to reduced mechanical anchoring of the undercoat to the base leads to a loss in adhesion. In addition, the workability of the primer is impaired. The optimal layer thickness in the dry state lies between 10 μm and 200 μm, particularly between 40 μm and 90 μm. By addition of small proportions of thixotropizing fillers, a thickness of about 65 μm is attained with one brushstroke, without thixotropization a layer thickness is of usually ca. 48 μm. 
     Depending on the application and the requirements profile, additives such as drying agents, catalysts, pigments, fungicides, stabilizers, fillers, such as for example uncoated or coated silicon dioxide, etc., can be added. 
     Bonding agents according to the invention contain titanates or silane groups, and the bonding agent contains at least one epoxy group as second functional group. By means of this second functional group, the bonding agent is incorporated into the matrix during or after the hardening reaction under the influence of the amine compound of the latent hardener, which is liberated by moisture. Preferably the bonding agent additive is hydrophobic. 
     The bonding agent serves firstly to improve the quality of adhesion to the base by means of chemical and physical properties, and secondly to provide attachment groups to the coating material, which are preferably single-component and isocyanate-free sealants. 
     The undercoat according to the invention can be used for the production of a coating in such a way that it is applied in a suitable layer thickness and, if necessary after a hardening period of preferably 30 to 120 minutes, is overlaid with a single-component isocyanate-free silane-based adhesive. 
     Below, some examples will be demonstrated, which further illustrate the invention, but are in no way intended to limit the scope of the invention. The undercoats according to the invention are simple to produce, stable on storage, and have good adhesion properties even after stressing, in particular after 1 week&#39;s storage in a saturated calcium hydroxide solution, and comply with the standards DIN 18540F and ISO 11600 25LM. 
     1) Production of the Coatings According to the Invention Ex. 1 and Ex. 2 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Ex. 1 
                 Ex. 2 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Amount 
                 Amount 
               
               
                 Item 
                 Chemical name 
                 Function 
                 Supplier 
                 [wt. %] 
                 [wt. %] 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 1 
                 ethyl acetate 
                 solvent 
                 Impag AG 
                 39.7 
                 39.2 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Zürich 
               
               
                 2 
                 solid bisphenol A- 
                 film-forming 
                   
                 38.7 
                 38.2 
               
               
                   
                 based epoxy resin, 
                 agent 
               
               
                   
                 medium molecular 
               
               
                   
                 weight, EP No.: 
               
               
                   
                 1.9-2.0 Eq/kg 
               
               
                 3 
                 Aerosil 200 
                 thixotro- 
                 Degussa- 
                 0.0 
                 1.2 
               
               
                   
                   
                 pizing 
                 Hüls, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 agent 
                 Zürich 
               
               
                 4 
                 orthoformate 
                 drying agent 
                   
                 2.0 
                 2.0 
               
               
                 5 
                 epoxysilane 
                 bonding 
                 Degussa- 
                 10.3 
                 10.2 
               
               
                   
                 (Silquest A-187) 
                 agent 
                 Hüls, 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Zürich 
               
               
                 6 
                 1,3,3-trimethyl-N- 
                 latent 
                   
                 9.3 
                 9.2 
               
               
                   
                 (2-methyl 
                 hardener 
               
               
                   
                 propylidene)-5- 
               
               
                   
                 [(2-methyl- 
               
               
                   
                 propylidene)- 
               
               
                   
                 amino]cyclohexane- 
               
               
                   
                 methylamine 
               
               
                   
                 Total 
                   
                   
                 100.0 
                 100.0 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     All step were carried out under nitrogen. The epoxy resin (item 2) was divided into three portions of equal size. Each individual portion was completely dissolved before the next portion was added. Items 4, 5 and 6 were each added one after the other with constant stirring. The thixotropizing agent Aerosil 200 was dispersed into the epoxy resin solution by intensive stirring. 
     2) Test Results with the Undercoat According to the Invention in Combination with PUR Hybrid Adhesive, Sikaflex-20AT 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Substrate 
                 Reference 
                 Example 1 
                 Example 2 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Concrete, sand- 
                 2/5 
                 1/2 
                 1/1 
               
               
                   
                 blasted 
               
               
                   
                 Garden paving 
                 1/5 
                 1/1 
                 1/1 
               
               
                   
                 slab 
               
               
                   
                 Concrete, DIN 
                 1/5 
                 1/1 
                 1/1 
               
               
                   
                 standardized 
               
               
                   
                 Tiles 
                 1/4 
                 1/2 
                 1/1 
               
               
                   
                 Clinker, porous 
                 1/3 
                 1/1 
                 1/1 
               
               
                   
                 Clinker, glazed 
                 1/5 
                 1/1 
                 1/1 
               
               
                   
                 Ceramic, porous 
                 1/4 
                 1/2 
                 1/1 
               
               
                   
                 Beech 
                 1/4 
                 1/2 
                 1/2 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Key:  
               
               
                   
                 1 = &gt;95% cohesive failure, OK  
               
               
                   
                 2 = 75% -95% cohesive failure, OK  
               
               
                   
                 3 = 25% -75% cohesive failure, not OK  
               
               
                   
                 4 = &lt;25% cohesive failure, not OK  
               
               
                   
                 5 = 0% cohesive failure, not OK  
               
             
          
         
       
     
     The first number gives the assessment of the adhesion after 2 weeks storage in an air-conditioned room (23° C., 50% rel. atmospheric humidity). 
     The second number gives the adhesion after 2 weeks air-conditioned storage and 1 week storage in water at room temperature. 
     Examples 1 and 2 show that the undercoat according to the invention after the storage in water ensures very good adhesion compared to the reference. 
     While preferred embodiments of the invention are described here at present, it must clearly be understood that the invention is not limited to these, but in the context of the following claims can be implemented in many other ways.