Abstract:
A semiconductor inverter comprised of a pair of junction field effect transistors. A first of the junction field effect transistors is a lateral transistor, and a second of the junction field effect transistors is a vertical transistor. The two junction field transistors have respective channels of opposite conductivity type.

Description:
This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 903,012, filed May 4, 1978, now abandoned. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to an inverter comprised of complementary type junction field-effect transistors having different conductive channel polarities. Heretofore, in various electronic apparatus, semiconductor devices comprising the electronic circuits thereof are formed in integrated circuits(called IC below) such as CMOS, IIL and the like. The main objects of utilizing IC structure in the electronic circuits are to realize the following circuits; 
     1. Low driving power circuit 
     2. High speed operating circuit 
     3. Highly reliable circuit 
     4. Low cost circuit 
     5. Multi-function circuit and etc. 
     Especially when all of the electronic circuits should be built in a limited space such as in an electronic wrist watch, low power ICs are particularly required for lengthening the operation life of a single electric cell in order to restrict the size of said electric cell. At present, in the case of using a 50 m AH electric cell, a two (2) year continuous operating life has been realized. But according to generally increasing requirements, the continuous operating life of the electric power cell will be required to be further extended to 5-10 years. 
     Furthermore, in the field of electronic watches the demand for high accuracy has been increasing. Presently the typical quartz crystal watch uses a quartz crystal vibrator of 32 KHz as a source of a standard time signal, and the timekeeping error can be kept within about 10-seconds per month. But when an AT-cut quartz crystal vibrator of 4 MHz is used as a source of the standard time signal, timekeeping the error can be reduced to within 10-seconds per year. And also in the field of digital watches, the multi-function operations which they perform have required complex circuitry and at present a watch using an IC composed of about 10,000 transistor elements has been realized as a chronograph or a world timer. If all of the above requirements are to be satisfied at one time in a highly efficient electronic watch, it can not be realized by using conventional IC structure. This is because a conventional IC can not operate at the high speed of the 4 MHz ranges in the case of CMOS. Even if it should operate at this speed, it requires about 1,000 times the power of the case of 32 KHZ operation. 
     In the case of IIL, the power requirements of a static logic circuit during non-operation are in proportion of the number of gates of the circuit and becomes about several ten figure times at using 10,000 gates IC compared to that of CMOS. That is to say, it is impossible to manufacture a high performance electronic watch as described above by using the conventional IC, CMOS or IIL because of the high power consumption thereof. 
     The main object of this invention is to provide an IC which enables realization of a highly efficient electronic watch. Another object is to provide an IC having a low power consumption and able to be used in various electronic devices. 
     The essential point of this invention is to realize a semiconductor device that is a logic circuit (below only called CJL) comprised of complementary junction type field-effect transistors having different channel polarities each other. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1(a) is a cross-sectional view of a CJL inverter according to the present invention; 
     FIG. 1(b) is a plan view of the CJL inverter illustrated in FIG. 1(a); 
     FIG. 1(c) is the equivalent circuit of the CJL inverter illustrated in FIGS. 1(a) and 1(b); 
     FIGS. 2(a), 2(b) and 2(c) respectively illustrate the lateral transistor in cross section, plan, and the equivalent circuit thereof; and 
     FIGS. 3(a), 3(b) and 3(c) respectively illustrate the vertical transistor in cross section, plan, and the equivalent circuit thereof. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     FIGS. 1(a)-1(c) show an embodiment of CJL inverter wherein FIG. 1(a) is a sectional view of said inverter, FIG. 1(b) is a plan view thereof and FIG. 1(c) is an equivalent circuit thereof. 
     The said inverter is composed of a P-channel transistor 7 and a N-channel transistor 8. In FIG. 2, the P-channel transistor 7 is shown separately. As shown in FIG. 2, the P-channel transistor 7 is a lateral type junction field transistor having a N-type semiconductor gate 2 of 10 19  impurity concentration for an instance as a gate thereof. The source electrode 11 is in ohmic contact with the P-type semiconductor 1a serving as source thereof and also the drain electrode 13a is in ohmic contact with the P-type semi-conductor 1c serving as the drain thereof. The gate electrode 12a is in ohmic contact with the gate 2. 
     The N-channel transistor 8 is shown in FIGS. 3(a)-3(c). The N-channel transistor 8 is a vertical type junction field transistor having a N-type semiconductor 3a, having an impurity concentration of 10 18  atoms cm 3  for examples, defining a channel thereof and a P-type semiconductor 5, having an impurity concentration of 10 15  atoms/cm 3  for example, defining a gate thereof. The source electrode 16 is drawn out from the IC-substrate 4, the drain electrode 13b is in ohmic contact with a N-type semiconductor 6 and the gate electrode 12b is drawn out from the said gate 5. In FIG. 1 showing the said CJL inverter the source electrode 11 of transistor 7 and the source electrode 16 of transistor 8 are connected to positive and negative potentials, respectively, and the drain electrodes 13a and 13b are drawn out as one input electrode 13 and the gate electrodes 12a and 12b are drawn out as one input electrode 12. 
     Now, for explaining that the inverter according to the present invention operates like the conventional CMOS inverter, the operations of the transistors 7 and 8 will be described with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3 as follows. The P-channel transistor 7 shown in the FIG. 2 should be designed so as to make said transistor 7 non-conductive by closing the channel just when the voltage VG of gate 2 is equal to the source voltage. When the impurity concentrations the channel and the gate are respectively 10 15  and 10 19  atoms/cm 3  , the expansion of the resulting deplection layer is approximately 0.89 μm. Accordingly, if the difference of the depth of diffusion Xp of the P-type semiconductor 1 comprising the source, drain and channel regions and the depth of diffusion Xn&#39; of N-type semiconductor 2 comprising the gate is smaller than 0.89 μm, the P-channel transistor 7 can be made non-conductive. 
     When the breadth of the depletion layer is reduced by lowering the gate voltage VG to a value lower than the source voltage, the P-channel transistor 7 can be made conductive by the expansion of the channel. When the said diffusion difference Xp-Xn is equal to 0.8 μm, the breadth of channel 1b becomes 0.23 μm by lowering the gate voltage to 0.5 V lower than the source voltage. 
     The N-channel transistor 8 in FIG. 3 should be designed so as to make said transistor 8 non-conductive by closing the channel just when the gate voltage is equal to the source voltage. If the impurity concentration of the N-semiconductor 3 forming channel 3a is 10 13  atoms/cm 3  and that of the P-semiconductor 5 forming the gate 5 is 10 5  atoms/cm 3 , the inside distance t between the gate 5 should be decided as the expansion of depletion layer becomes 7.16 μm at this time and the breadth of channel of transistor 8 become smaller than 14.3μm. 
     Conversely, if the depletion layer of said channel is reduced by raising the gate voltage to a value higher than the source voltage, the N-channel transistor 8 can be made conductive by the expansion of the channel. 
     When the inside interval distance t of the gate 5 is 14 μm, the breadth of channel 3a becomes 10 μm by rising increasing the gate voltage to 0.5 V a value 0.5 V higher than the source voltage. 
     By combinding the two complementary transistors described above, the structure of an inverter is realized as shown in FIG. 1. In operation OV is applied to the power-supply terminal 16 of said inverter 9 and 0.5 V is applied to the other power supply terminal 11, for example. Under this condition, if 0.5 V (&#34;H&#34;) is applied to the input terminal 12, the output terminal 13 potential becomes OV (&#34;L&#34;) and if OV (&#34;L&#34;) is applied to the said input terminal 12, the said outupt terminal 13 potential becomes 0.5 V (&#34;H&#34;). 
     Among the excellent features of these CJL inverters which are improvements over other ICs are as the following; 
     1. The junction capacitance is small because of the low impurity concentration. (In the IIL, the low impurity concentration semiconductor can not be essentially used as base and emitter due to the use of bipolar transistors therein.) 
     2. The gate capacitance does not have as large a value as that of CMOS. 
     3. It can be used at sufficient low voltage since the operating voltage is able to be changed by the fabricating technique of the IC. 
     As described above, the CJL according to the present invention can readily be applied to an electronic wrist watch or the like requiring high speed operation thereof because of its small junction capacitance, it is to drive a quartz crystal vibrator thereof at 4 MHz with low electric power and is also able to drive a large circuit with low power since a static current is very low because of the complementary type structure. Therefore, a highly efficient electronic wrist watch can be realized by using such a CJL which operates at high speed in a highly integrated circuit with low electric power. Further, it is obvious that the CJL of this invention is useful for other small electronic devices.