Abstract:
A user interface can provide location information (e.g., related to vehicles). Some embodiments include providing user access to a location management dashboard module. The location management dashboard module can include a graphical mapping module configured to display one or more groups of tracking devices. A first tracking device can be associated with the user and a second tracking device can be associated with a vehicle that the user is capable of monitoring. In several embodiments, the system enables the user to know the locations of vehicles in the user&#39;s area and enables the user to monitor a vehicle&#39;s location as the vehicle approaches the user.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    The entire contents of the following patents are incorporated by reference herein: U.S. Pat. No. 8,224,355; U.S. Pat. No. 8,421,618; U.S. Pat. No. 8,421,619; and U.S. Pat. No. 8,497,774. 
         [0002]    The entire contents of the following application are incorporated by reference herein: U.S. Nonprovisional patent application Ser. No. 14/485,990; filed Sep. 15, 2014; and entitled ACTIVATING BUILDING ASSETS BASED ON AN INDIVIDUAL&#39;S LOCATION. 
         [0003]    The entire contents of the following application are incorporated by reference herein: U.S. Nonprovisional patent application Ser. No. 14/285,070; filed May 22, 2014; and entitled POWER CONSERVATION METHODS TO UPDATE A POSITION FIX OF A MOBILE LOCATION TRACKING DEVICE. 
         [0004]    The entire contents of the following application are incorporated by reference herein: U.S. Nonprovisional patent application Ser. No. 12/143,436; filed Jun. 20, 2008; and entitled SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR IMPROVED COMMUNICATION BANDWIDTH UTILIZATION WHEN MONITORING LOCATION INFORMATION. 
         [0005]    The entire contents of the following application are incorporated by reference herein: U.S. Nonprovisional patent application Ser. No. 13/356,599; filed Jan. 23, 2012; and entitled APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR DETERMINING LOCATION AND TRACKING COORDINATES OF A TRACKING DEVICE. 
         [0006]    The entire contents of the following application are incorporated by reference herein: U.S. Nonprovisional patent application Ser. No. 13/356,643; filed Jan. 23, 2012; and entitled APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR DETERMINING LOCATION AND TRACKING COORDINATES OF A TRACKING DEVICE. 
         [0007]    The entire contents of the following application are incorporated by reference herein: U.S. Nonprovisional patent application Ser. No. 11/933,024; filed Oct. 31, 2007; and entitled APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING AN ELECTRONIC PACKAGE. 
         [0008]    The entire contents of the following application are incorporated by reference herein: U.S. Nonprovisional patent application Ser. No. 12/534,050; filed Jul. 31, 2009; and entitled APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR GENERATING POSITION FIX OF A TRACKING DEVICE IN ACCORDANCE WITH A SUBSCRIBER SERVICE USAGE PROFILE TO CONSERVE TRACKING DEVICE POWER. 
         [0009]    The entire contents of the following application are incorporated by reference herein: U.S. Nonprovisional patent application Ser. No. 13/330,759; filed Dec. 20, 2011; and entitled SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR CREATING AND MANAGING A PERSONALIZED WEB INTERFACE FOR MONITORING LOCATION INFORMATION ON INDIVIDUALS AND OBJECTS USING TRACKING DEVICES. 
         [0010]    The entire contents of the following application are incorporated by reference herein: U.S. Nonprovisional patent application Ser. No. 13/550,593; filed Jul. 16, 2012; and entitled SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR CREATING AND MANAGING A PERSONALIZED WEB INTERFACE FOR MONITORING LOCATION INFORMATION ON INDIVIDUALS AND OBJECTS USING TRACKING DEVICES. 
         [0011]    The entire contents of the following application are incorporated by reference herein: U.S. Nonprovisional patent application Ser. No. 11/784,318; filed Apr. 5, 2007; and entitled COMMUNICATION SYSTEM AND METHOD INCLUDING COMMUNICATION BILLING OPTIONS. 
         [0012]    The entire contents of the following application are incorporated by reference herein: U.S. Nonprovisional patent application Ser. No. 11/784,400; filed Apr. 5, 2007; and entitled COMMUNICATION SYSTEM AND METHOD INCLUDING DUAL MODE CAPABILITY. 
         [0013]    The entire contents of the following application are incorporated by reference herein: U.S. Nonprovisional patent application Ser. No. 11/753,979; filed May 25, 2007; and entitled APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR PROVIDING LOCATION INFORMATION ON INDIVIDUALS AND OBJECTS USING TRACKING DEVICES. 
         [0014]    The entire contents of the following application are incorporated by reference herein: U.S. Nonprovisional patent application Ser. No. 11/935,901; filed Nov. 6, 2007; and entitled SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR CREATING AND MANAGING A PERSONALIZED WEB INTERFACE FOR MONITORING LOCATION INFORMATION ON INDIVIDUALS AND OBJECTS USING TRACKING DEVICES. 
         [0015]    The entire contents of the following application are incorporated by reference herein: U.S. Nonprovisional patent application Ser. No. 11/969,905; filed Jan. 6, 2008; and entitled APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR DETERMINING LOCATION AND TRACKING COORDINATES OF A TRACKING DEVICE. 
         [0016]    The entire contents of the following application are incorporated by reference herein: U.S. Nonprovisional patent application Ser. No. 12/419,451; filed Apr. 7, 2009; and entitled APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR ADJUSTING REFRESH RATE OF LOCATION COORDINATES OF A TRACKING DEVICE. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND 
       [0017]    1. Field 
         [0018]    Various inventions described herein relate generally to the field of locating and tracking communication systems. More particularly, some embodiments relate to power conservation methodologies and apparatuses, which can be incorporated as part of a portable electronic tracking device for individuals and objects to improve battery life by a wireless location and tracking system and/or wireless communication system (WCS). 
         [0019]    2. Description of Related Technology 
         [0020]    Accelerometers are conventionally integrated into electronics systems that are part of a vehicle, vessel, and airplane to detect, measure, and monitor deflections, vibrations, and acceleration. Accelerometers, for example, may include one or more Micro Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) devices. In particular, MEMS devices include one or more suspended cantilever beams (e.g., single-axis, dual-axis, and three-axis models), as well as deflection sensing circuitry. Accelerometers are utilized by a multitude of electronics manufacturers. 
         [0021]    For instance, electronics gaming manufacturers exploit an accelerometer&#39;s deflection sensing capability, for instance, to measure device tilt and control game functionality. In another instance, consumer electronics manufacturers, e.g., Apple, Ericsson, and Nike, incorporate accelerometers in personal electronic devices, e.g., Apple iPhone to provide a changeable screen display orientation that toggles between portrait and landscape layout window settings; to manage human inputs through a human interface, e.g., Apple iPod® touch screen interface; and to measure game movement and tilt, e.g., Wii gaming remotes. Still others including automobile electronics circuitry manufacturers utilize MEMS accelerometers to initiate airbag deployment in accordance with a detected collision severity level by measuring negative vehicle acceleration. 
         [0022]    Other electronics manufacturer products, e.g., Nokia 5500 sport, count step motions using a 3D accelerometer, and translate user information via user&#39;s taps or shaking motion to select song titles and to enable mp3 player track switching. In another instance, portable or laptop computers include hard-disk drives integrated with an accelerometer to detect displacement or falling incidents. For instance, when a hard-disk accelerometer detects a low-g condition, e.g., indicating free-fall and expected shock, a hard-disk write feature may be temporarily disabled to avoid accidental data overwriting and prevent stored data corruption. After free-fall and expected shock, the hard-disk write feature is enabled to allow data to be written to one or more hard-disk tracks. Still others including medical product manufacturers utilize accelerometers to measure depth of Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) chest compressions. Sportswear manufacturers, e.g., Nike sports watches and footwear, incorporate accelerometers to feedback speed and distance to a runner via a connected iPod® Nano. 
         [0023]    Still others including manufacturers of conventional inertial navigation systems deploy one or more accelerometers as part of, for instance, on-board electronics of a vehicle, vessel, train and/or airplane. In addition to accelerometer measurements, conventional inertial navigation systems integrate one or more gyroscopes with the on-board electronics to assist tracking including performing various measurements, e.g., tilt, angle, and roll. More specifically, gyroscopes measure angular velocity, for instance, of a vehicle, vessel, train, and/or airplane in an inertial reference frame. The inertial reference frame, provided, for instance, by a human operator, a GPS receiver, or position and velocity measurements from one or more motion sensors. 
         [0024]    More specifically, integration of measured inertial accelerations commences with, for instance, original velocity, for instance, of a vehicle, vessel, train, and/or airplane to yield updated inertial system velocities. Another integration of updated inertial system velocities yields an updated inertial system orientation, e.g., tilt, angle, and roll, within a system limited positioning accuracy. In one instance to improve positioning accuracy, conventional inertial navigation systems utilize GPS system outputs. In another instance to improve positioning accuracy, conventional inertial navigation systems intermittently reset to zero inertial tracking velocity, for instance, by stopping the inertial navigation system. In yet other examples, control theory and Kalman filtering provide a framework to combine motion sensor information in attempts to improve positional accuracy of the updated inertial system orientation. 
         [0025]    Potential drawbacks of many conventional inertial navigation systems include electrical and mechanical hardware occupying a large real estate footprint and requiring complex electronic measurement and control circuitry with limited applicably to changed environmental conditions. Furthermore, many conventional inertial navigation system calculations are prone to accumulated acceleration and velocity measurement errors. For instance, many conventional inertial navigation acceleration and velocity measurement errors are on the order of 0.6 nautical miles per hour in position and tenths of a degree per hour in orientation. 
         [0026]    In contrast to conventional inertial navigation systems, a conventional Global Positioning Satellite (GPS) system uses Global Positioning Signals (GPS) to monitor and track location coordinates communicated between location coordinates monitoring satellites and an individual or an object having a GPS transceiver. In this system, GPS monitoring of location coordinates is practical when a GPS transceiver receives at least a minimal GPS signal level. However, a minimal GPS signal level may not be detectable when an individual or object is not located in a skyward position. For instance, when an individual or object carrying a GPS transceiver enters a covered structure, e.g., a garage, a parking structure, or a large building, GPS satellite communication signals may be obstructed or partially blocked, hindering tracking and monitoring capability. Not only is a GPS transceiver receiving a weak GPS signal, but also the GPS transceiver is depleting battery power in failed attempts to acquire communication signals from one or more location coordinates monitoring satellites, e.g., GPS satellites, or out-of-range location coordinates reference towers. Furthermore, weak GPS communication signals may introduce errors in location coordinates information. 
         [0027]    In addition during the acquisition of signaling and or other information, a conventional GPS transceiver has limited functionality or capabilities associated with control and monitoring of battery power usage. For instance, a conventional GPS transceiver may have some indication battery charge level such as a power level bar but have very few or any ability or capability to control or reduce power usage. Furthermore, often users do not realize or are only alerted when their GPS transceiver is using reserve power or about to suddenly involuntarily shut-down to prevent data loss and loss of other user information such as personal GPS settings, screen color displays, and user recreational or pleasure settings. 
         [0028]    More specifically, users of conventional GPS transceivers typically are unprepared for such a sudden loss of GPS transceiver service. Generally, within minutes of an initial warning indication, e.g., beeping, vibration, voice, alarms or combination thereof, the GPS transceiver shuts off. As such, a user may suddenly experience loss of location determination or location based capabilities or monitoring or being monitored capabilities and not prepared for such sudden outage. Furthermore, even if a user could reduce battery power usage, a result, within the last few minutes of battery power, a user has little or no incentive or capability to alter battery usage of a conventional GPS transceiver due to low power level GPS transceivers may suddenly become non-operational without any warning to or recourse to a user. Thus, when a conventional GPS transceiver is low in power level, a user&#39;s most viable alternative would be locating an electrical outlet to recharge their conventional GPS transceiver. 
         [0029]    Furthermore, other more recent publications disclosure a mobile computing device, such as the one described in US Publication No. US 2009/0098903 with Publication Date of Apr. 16, 2009 entitled “Using Wireless Characteristic to Trigger Generation of Position Fix” having a wireless transceiver, a location determination circuit and a processing circuit. In the disclosure of this publication, the wireless transceiver is configured to receive a wireless signal over a short range wireless network from a wireless system and the processing circuit is configured to detect a change in the wireless signal and in response to the detected change, to generate a position fix using the location determine circuit. 
         [0030]    In summary, there is a need for an electronic tracking device and methodology that provides additional advantages over conventional systems such as improved power management, e.g., efficient use of battery power and provide other improvements include supplementing conventional electronic tracking device monitoring, e.g., increased measurement accuracy of location coordinates of objects and individuals traveling into and/or through a structure, e.g., a partially covered building, a parking structure, or a substantially enclosed structure, such as a basement or a storage area in a high-rise office building. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0031]    In a first aspect of the present invention, mobile location tracking device is disclosed to communicate location coordinate information to subscriber. In one embodiment, location coordinate acquisition device (e.g., Global System for Mobile Communication (GPS) acquisition device) generates a position fix; and location coordinate transceiver device (e.g., Global Positioning Radio System (GPRS) and/or Global Signal Manage (GSM) transceiver device) reports the position fix to a location tracking server. In one example, computational processor includes an internal clock. Memory device stores a zone management map having selected location coordinate zones to indicate restricted and allowable areas or locations. Internal clock activates and deactivates one or more sections or portions of mobile location tracking device in accordance with subscriber service usage application. In one embodiment, the subscriber service usage application is a software application that is resident (e.g., stored) on a flash memory device associated with mobile location tracking device that contains, for instance, subscriber service usage profile, history, and the like. 
         [0032]    In one embodiment, subscriber service usage application determines a fix frequency update rate for mobile location tracking device. In another embodiment, GPRS transmission device and computational processor comprises an activated mode and deactivated mode in accordance with the subscriber service usage application. In another embodiment, the internal clock activates or deactivates location coordinate transceiver device (e.g., GPRS and/or GSM transceiver device) and the computation processor in accordance with a current position fix of mobile location tracking device relative to selected location coordinate zones (e.g., restricted, allowed) on zone management map. 
         [0033]    In one variant, subscriber service usage application includes a prior or scheduled daily or monthly profile of a subscriber designated reporting interval for mobile location tracking device. In another embodiment, GPRS transceiver device includes a deactivated mode comprises GPRS transceiver device being in a switched-off mode and not in service contact with subscriber and to receive SMS messages sent during switched-off mode during upcoming switched-on mode. 
         [0034]    In a second aspect of the present invention, power management device is disclosed to determine update rate and reporting frequency of a position fix of mobile location tracking device having accelerometer to location tracking server. In one embodiment, power management device includes a computational processor having an internal clock, the internal clock activates and deactivates location tracking coordinate transceiver and acquisition GSM and GPRS modules and GPS modules of mobile location tracking device substantially independently of communicated signals by location tracking server. 
         [0035]    In one variant, internal clock incorporates mobile location tracking device motion inputs from accelerometer to determine whether to activate and deactivate transmission and acquisition GSM and GPRS modules of location tracking device. In yet another variant, computation processor and/or subscriber service usage application utilizes the motion inputs acquired from the accelerometer to update a previous position fix to a current position fix for mobile location tracking device. In another embodiment, the current position fix updates reporting frequency of a position fix of mobile location tracking device. 
         [0036]    In one variant, upon activation by internal clock, GPS module receives current position fix, and reporting frequency of position fix of mobile location tracking device is updated in accordance with the current position fix at least partially in accordance with subscriber service usage profile utilized by subscriber service usage application, which, in one variant, is stored in the flash memory device, and GPS acquisition device returns to a deactivated mode. In yet another embodiment, the subscriber service usage applications updates in accordance with a SMS message communicated between a mobile cellular device or a location tracking server and the mobile location tracking device. In one embodiment, subscriber service usage profile comprises a zone map of selected location coordinates and updates in accordance with SMS message communicated between mobile cellular device or location tracking server and mobile location tracking device. 
         [0037]    In another aspect of the present invention, a method is disclosed that conserves device power by controlling update of and reporting of position fix of a mobile location tracking device being tracked to a location tracking server. In this method, GPS acquisition device generates a current position fix. The current position fix is compared relative to a zone map of designated allowed and restricted location coordinate zones. In one variant, the zone map is stored in a flash memory device associated with the mobile location tracking device. A GPRS/GSM transmission device reports the current position fix to the location tracking server. In one variant, the GPRS/GSM transmission device and a computational processor are deactivated in accordance with subscriber service usage pattern and/or the current position fix relative to the zone map of designated allowed and restricted location coordinate zones. 
         [0038]    Continuing with this embodiment, internal clock activates substantially independent of communicated signals from location tracking server, GPS acquisition device, GPRS/GSM transceiver device in accordance with subscriber usage service pattern in response to a delta distance, e.g., a distance between position fix of mobile location tracking device relative to zone map of one or more designated allowed and restricted location coordinate zones. 
         [0039]    In one variant, deactivation of the GPRS and/or GSM transceiver device includes switching-off the GPRS and/or GSM transceiver device and not providing service contact with subscriber and to receive SMS messages sent during the switched-off mode during an upcoming switched-on mode. In another variant, internal clock activates GPS acquisition device; GPS acquisition device acquires current position fix; and current position fix updates reporting frequency of location coordinates to subscriber; and GPS acquisition device returns to the deactivated mode until activated by the internal clock. 
         [0040]    In another embodiment, a subscriber service usage application and/or computational processor analyzes motion measurements acquired from accelerometer to determine if current position fix has entered one or more selected designed or restricted location coordinate zones and has resulted in a zone violation. 
         [0041]    These and other embodiments, aspects, advantages, and features of the present invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will become apparent to those skilled in the art by reference to the following description of the invention and referenced drawings or by practice of the invention. The aspects, advantages and features of the invention are realized and attained by means of the instrumentalities, procedures, and combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0042]      FIG. 1  illustrates a schematic of an electronic tracking device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0043]      FIG. 2  illustrates a location tracking system associated with the electronic tracking device and the wireless network in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0044]      FIG. 3  illustrates a flow diagram to manage and control circuitry associated with the electronic tracking device of  FIGS. 1 and 2  in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0045]      FIG. 4  illustrates a screen display including a user definable adjustable power level monitor in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0046]      FIG. 5  illustrates a location coordinate navigational system utilizing user definable power level monitor of  FIG. 4  in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0047]      FIG. 6  illustrates a location coordinate navigation system utilizing a user definable power level monitor of  FIG. 4  in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0048]      FIG. 7  illustrates a flow diagram of a user definable adjustable power level monitor in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0049]      FIG. 8  illustrates a location coordinate system utilizing a mobile location tracking device that has a position fix update system that deactivates GPS acquisition module, GSM and/or GPRS transceiver modules, utilizing a subscriber service usage application activated by an internal clock in accordance with subscriber service usage profile in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0050]      FIG. 9  illustrates a graphical mapping representation of restricted and allowed zones of a map management module loaded in a memory device of the mobile location tracking device of  FIG. 8  in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0051]      FIG. 10  illustrates a subscriber service usage profile of the mobile location tracking device of  FIG. 8  in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0052]      FIG. 11  illustrates a collection of data files that form a location coordinate library of standardized subscriber service usage profiles that are utilized to optimize power usage of a subscriber service usage profile including tracking and reporting intervals in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0053]      FIG. 12  illustrates a flow diagram of a mobile tracking device of  FIGS. 8-11  that has its position fix updated in accordance with subscriber service usage application in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0054]    Reference is now made to the drawings wherein like numerals refer to like parts throughout. 
         [0055]    As used herein, the terms “location coordinates” refer without limitation to any set or partial set of integer, real and/or complex location data or information such as longitudinal, latitudinal, and elevational positional coordinates. 
         [0056]    As used herein, the terms “tracking device” and “electronic tracking device” refers to without limitation to any hybrid electronic circuit, integrated circuit (IC), chip, chip set, system-on-a-chip, microwave integrated circuit (MIC), Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit (MMIC), low noise amplifier, power amplifier, transceiver, receiver, transmitter and Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) that may be constructed and/or fabricated. The chip or IC may be constructed (“fabricated”) on a small rectangle (a “die”) cut from, for example, a Silicon (or special applications, Sapphire), Gallium Arsenide, or Indium Phosphide wafer. The IC may be classified, for example, into analogue, digital, or hybrid (both analogue and digital on the same chip and/or analog-to-digital converter). Digital integrated circuits may contain anything from one to millions of logic gates, invertors, and, or, nand, and nor gates, flipflops, multiplexors, etc. on a few square millimeters. The small size of these circuits allows high speed, low power dissipation, and reduced manufacturing cost compared with board-level integration. 
         [0057]    As used herein, the terms “data transfer”, “tracking and location system”, “location and tracking system”, “location tracking system”, and “positioning system,” refer to without limitation to any system that transfers and/or determines location coordinates using one or more devices, such as Global Positioning System (GPS). 
         [0058]    As used herein, the terms “Global Positioning System” refer to without limitation to any services, methods or devices that utilize GPS technology to determine position of a GPS receiver based on measuring a signal transfer time of signals communicated between satellites having known positions and the GPS receiver. A signal transfer time is proportional to a distance of a respective satellite from the GPS receiver. The distance between a satellite and a GPS receiver may be converted, utilizing signal propagation velocity, into a respective signal transfer time. The positional information of the GPS receiver is calculated based on distance calculations from at least four satellites to determine positional information of the GPS receiver. 
         [0059]    As used herein, the terms “wireless network”, “wireless communication”, “wireless link”, and “wireless transmission” refers to, without limitation, any digital, analog, microwave, and millimeter wave communication networks that transfer signals from one location to another location, such as, but not limited to IEEE 802.11g, Bluetooth, WiMax, IS-95, GSM, IS-95, CGM, CDMA, wCDMA, PDC, UMTS, TDMA, and FDMA, or combinations thereof. 
       Major Features 
       [0060]    In one aspect, the present invention discloses an apparatus and method to provide an improved capability electronic tracking device. In one embodiment, the device provides electronic circuitry including an accelerometer to measure location coordinates without requiring GPS signaling. In this embodiment, location coordinates of an electronic tracking device are measured when the electronic tracking device is located in a partially enclosed structure, e.g., a building or parking lot, up to a fully enclosed structure. In one embodiment, the electronic tracking device conserves battery power when the device is partially or fully blocked access to location coordinates from one or more GPS satellites, e.g., a primary location tracking system. In yet another embodiment, accelerometer measures force applied to the electronic tracking device and provides an alert message to a guardian or other responsible person. In one embodiment, the alert message includes location coordinates of the electronic tracking device and other information, e.g., magnitude or nature of force, as well as possibility of injury of an object or individual having the electronic tracking device. As described though out the following specification, the present invention generally provides a portable electronic device configuration for locating and tracking an individual or an object. 
       Exemplary Apparatus 
       [0061]    Referring now to  FIGS. 1-2 and 4-11  exemplary embodiments of the electronic tracking device of the invention are described in detail. Please note that the following discussions of electronics and components for an electronic tracking device to monitor and locate individuals are non-limiting; thus, the present invention may be useful in other electronic signal transferring and communication applications, such as electronics modules included in items such as: watches, calculators, clocks, computer keyboards, computer mice, and/or mobile phones to location and track trajectory of movement and current location of these items within boundaries of or proximity to a room, building, city, state, and country. 
         [0062]    Furthermore, it will be appreciated that while described primarily in the context of tracking individuals or objects, at least portions of the apparatus and methods described herein may be used in other applications, such as, utilized, without limitation, for control systems that monitor components such as transducers, sensors, and electrical and/or optical components that are part of an assembly line process. Moreover, it will be recognized that the present invention may find utility beyond purely tracking and monitoring concerns. Myriad of other functions will be recognized by those of ordinary skill in the art given the present disclosure. 
       Electronic Tracking Device 
       [0063]    Referring to  FIG. 1 , tracking device  100  contains various electronic components  101  such as transceiver  102 , signal processing circuitry  104  (e.g., a microprocessor or other signal logic circuitry), and accelerometer  130 . In one non-limiting example, the electronic components  101  are disposed, deposited, or mounted on a substrate  107  (e.g., Printed Circuit Board (PCB)). The PCB  107 , for example, may be manufactured from: polyacryclic (PA), polycarbonate (PC), composite material, and arylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) substrates, blends or combinations thereof, or the like (as described in more detail in incorporated by reference U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/933,024 filed on Oct. 31, 2007). The signal processing circuitry  104 , in one example, associated with the tracking device  100  configured to store a first identification code, produce a second identification code, determine location coordinates, and generate a positioning signal that contains location data (as described in more detail in incorporated by reference U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/753,979 filed on May 25, 2007). For instance, the location data includes longitudinal, latitudinal, and elevational position of a tracking device, current address or recent address of the tracking device, a nearby landmark to the tracking device, and the like. In one example, electronic tracking device  100  is portable, mobile and fits easily within a compact volume, such as standard shirt pocket having approximate dimensions of 1.5 inch by 2.5 inch by 1.0 inch. In yet another example, electronic tracking device  100  may be one integrated circuit having dimensionality in the mm range in all directions (or even smaller). 
         [0064]    In one embodiment, location tracking circuitry  114 , calculates location data received and sends the data to signal processing circuitry  104 . Memory  112  stores operating software and data, for instance, communicated to and from signal processing circuit  104  and/or location tracking circuitry  114 , e.g., GPS logic circuitry. In one embodiment, a signal detecting circuitry  115  detects and measures signal power level. In another embodiment, the signal processing circuitry  104  processes and measures signal power level. Battery level detection circuitry (e.g., battery level monitor  116 ) detects a battery level of battery  118 , which contains one or more individual units or grouped as a single unit. 
         [0065]    In one non-limiting example, antennas  122   a,    122   b  electrically couple to transceiver  102 . In one variant, transceiver  102  includes one integrated circuit or, in another embodiment, may be multiple individual circuits or integrated circuits. Transceiver  102  communicates a signal including location data between tracking device  100  and the monitoring station  110 , for example, by any of the following including: wireless network, wireless data transfer station, wired telephone, and Internet channel. A demodulator circuit  126  extracts baseband signals, for instance at 100 KHz, including tracking device configuration and software updates, as well as converts a low-frequency AC signal to a DC voltage level. The DC voltage level, in one example, is supplied to battery charging circuitry  128  to recharge a battery level of the battery  118 . In one embodiment, a user of monitoring station  110 , e.g., a mobile personal digital assistant, mobile phone, or the like, by listening (or downloading) one or more advertisements to reduce and/or shift usage charges to another user, account, or database (as described in more detail in previous incorporated by reference U.S. patent applications Ser. No. 11/784,400 and 11/784,318 each filed on Apr. 5, 2007). 
         [0066]    In another embodiment, an accelerometer  130 , for example, a dual-axis accelerometer  130 , e.g. ADXL320 integrated circuit manufactured by Analog Devices having two substantially orthogonal beams, may be utilized. The data sheet ADXH320L from Analog Devices is incorporated by reference. In one embodiment, the accelerometer  130  activates upon one or more designated antenna(s), e.g., antennas  122   a,    122   b,  detecting a first signal level, e.g., a low signal level or threshold value, as specified by, for instance, a user or system administrator. In one variant of this embodiment, electrical circuitry associated with GPS signal acquisition, e.g., all or a portion of amplifier block  120 , may be, for instance, placed on standby or in a sleep mode. In another embodiment, the accelerometer  130  remains in a standby mode until, for instance, a system administrator, a specified time period, or a user activates the accelerometer  130 . In one embodiment, the amplifier block  120  includes multiple electronic functions and blocks including a low noise amplifier, a power amplifier, a RF power switch, or the like, placed in a sleep or standby mode, for instance, to converse a battery level of the battery  118 . 
         [0067]    In another variant of this embodiment, circuitry, such as amplifier block  120  or location tracking circuitry  114 , may be placed in a sleep or standby mode to conserve a battery level of the battery  118 . In one variant, the tracking device  100  periodically checks availability of GPS signal, e.g., performs a GPS signal acquisition to determine if a receive communication signal is above a first signal level. Referring to embodiment depicted in  FIG. 2 , electronic tracking device  100  exits an opening  150  in partially enclosed structure  210 ; thus, electronic tracking device  100  may resume GPS signal acquisition using GPS satellite  143  (e.g., in response to a periodic check by the tracking device  100  of a receive communication signal level above a first signal level). 
         [0068]    In one embodiment, system administrator selects a signal noise bandwidth, e.g., within a range of 3 to 500 Hz, of the accelerator  130  to measure dynamic acceleration (e.g., due to vibration forces applied to electronic tracking device  100 ). In another embodiment, system administrator selects a signal noise bandwidth, e.g., within a range of 3 to 500 Hz, to measure static acceleration (due to gravitational forces applied to electronic tracking device  100 ). In particular, external forces on electronic tracking device  100  cause, for example, internal structural movements, e.g., deflection of dual-axis beams, of the accelerometer  130 . The deflection of dual-axis beams generates differential voltage(s). 
         [0069]    Differential voltage(s) are proportional to acceleration measurements, e.g., discrete acceleration measurements, of electronic tracking device  100 , for instance in x, y, and z directions. Differential voltage(s), in one instance, are relative to, for instance, a last known GPS location coordinates of electronic tracking device  100 . By performing electronic device proximity measurements, e.g., measuring acceleration vectors of electronic tracking device  100  at time intervals, e.g., T1, T2, T3 . . . TN, monitoring station  110  computes electronic tracking device velocity at time intervals, e.g., T1, T2, T3 . . . TN. In one embodiment, time intervals, e.g., T1, T2, and T3 . . . TN are measured in accordance with instructions by a system administrator or user. In one embodiment, time intervals are selected within a range of one micro-second to several minutes. 
         [0070]    In one embodiment, the monitoring station  110  performs an integration of the acceleration measurements as a function of time to compute electronic tracking device velocity at time intervals, e.g., T1, T2, and T3 . . . TN. By referencing prior location coordinates, e.g., last known accurate location data of the electronic tracking device  100  or last known location data of nearby electronic tracking device (e.g., second tracking device  101  in proximity to electronic tracking device  100 ), monitoring station  110  computes a current location of electronic tracking device  100  utilizing electronic tracking device velocity computations. Advantageously, monitoring station  110 , in an above described embodiment, uses above described device proximity measurements to monitor current location data of electronic tracking device  100  without connectivity to receive communication signals from GPS satellites. 
         [0071]    In one embodiment, the monitoring station  110  may include a mobile phone having connectivity to wireless network  140  electrically coupled to electronic tracking device  100  ( FIG. 2 ). In this variant, the wireless network  140  resides or circulates within at least a portion of a semi-enclosed, partially-enclosed, or fully enclosed structure, e.g., building, parking structure, closet, storage room, or the like (e.g., structure  210  in  FIG. 2 ). Furthermore, in one embodiment, the present invention conserves battery power by placing on standby, low power mode, or disabling entirely GPS signal acquisition circuitry and other associated devices, e.g., all or a portion of amplifier block  120  including power amplifiers, LNAs, switches, and the like. Furthermore, during supplemental location coordinates tracking, e.g., electronic device proximity measurements, the transceiver circuitry (e.g., transceiver  102 , location tracking circuitry  114 , and signal processing circuitry  104 ) consumes reduced battery power for GPS circuitry while the electronic tracking device  100  communicates displacement vectors (e.g., differential location coordinates) to monitoring station  110  (e.g., a mobile phone, a personal digital assistant) through a wireless network  140 . As described above, when GPS signaling is not practicable, electronic device proximity measurements provide differential location coordinate information to calculate current location coordinate information. 
         [0072]    In one embodiment, accelerometer, e.g., accelerometer  130 , determines if electronic tracking device  100  in a stationary position for a period, for instance, designated by system administrator or user. For example, electronic tracking device  100  may be, for example, located on a counter top, within a pocket of clothing, or inside a suitcase, not being moved, or not currently in use. Continuing with this embodiment, electronic tracking device  100  communicates a code, e.g., a stationary acknowledgement code, to communication network, e.g., wireless network  140 . In one variant, when or if monitoring station  110  requests location data through communication network, electronic tracking device  100  determines located in a stationary or substantially stationary position and electronic tracking device  100  communicates its last-known location to the monitoring station  110  without accessing or requiring GPS signaling or active GPS circuitry, e.g., location tracking circuitry  114 . Advantageously, in this embodiment, when electronic tracking device  100  does not utilize and require GPS circuitry, e.g., location tracking circuitry  114 , or functionality, the power resources are preserved of battery  118  in contrast to many conventional GPS communication system continuing power-on GPS circuitry. In one embodiment, electronic tracking device  130  associated with a person or object remains at a substantially stationary position approximately one-forth to one-third of a calendar day; thus, this feature of not accessing GPS circuitry preserves battery power. 
         [0073]    In another embodiment, an accelerometer, such as accelerometer  130 , detects tapping against electronic tracking device  100 . For instance, upon wake-up, user prompt, system administrator prompt, or active, accelerometer  130  detects a person or object tapping a sequence on electronic tracking device  100 . In one embodiment, electronic tracking device  100  includes digital signal programming circuitry (such as of signal processing circuitry  104 ). The digital signal programming circuitry recognizes programmed motions received by accelerometer, such as accelerometer  130 , and transmits an alert message to the monitoring station  110  upon receiving a recognized motion pattern. For example, electronic tracking device  100  may be programmed to recognize an “SOS tap cadence”. Thus, if electronic tracking device  100  is repeatedly tapped, for instance, in a “dot-dot-dot, dash-dash-dash, dot-dot-dot” pattern, signal processing circuitry  104  recognizes a motion pattern and transmit an alert message to wireless network  114  to monitoring station  110 . In one instance, alert message may be associated as a distress pattern and will require an appropriate response. In one variant, the accelerometer may recognize when an object or individual spins or turns motion of electronic tracking device  100 . Continuing with this embodiment, signal processing circuitry  104  recognizes programmed motions, and transceiver  102  transmits an alert message to wireless network  114  associated with programmed motions. In another variant, electronic tracking device  100  is programmed to recognize other motion patterns, such as, when it is tumbled or flipped. Depending upon on duration, time, or cadence of these movements or motion patterns, electronic tracking device  100  communicates an alert message to the wireless network  114 . In one variant, wireless network  114  performs an appropriate action, such as communicating information signal to monitoring station  110 . 
         [0074]    In another example, physical impacts on electronic tracking device  100  are measured to determine if an individual or object may be injured. In one embodiment, magnitude of displacement vectors may be measured by one or more accelerometers, such as accelerometer  130 , disposed at various inclinations and orientations, e.g., disposed substantially orthogonal to one another. Continuing with this embodiment, when a measured physical impact is above a predetermined level, an object or individual associated with electronic tracking device  100  may have suffered a fall or be in need of medical attention. In one variant of this embodiment, a user (e.g., a system administrator, or person located in a contact book) at monitoring station  110  becomes alerted, e.g., by text message, email, or voice mail (as more fully described in previously incorporated by reference U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/935,901 filed on Nov. 6, 2007, entitled “System and Method for Creating and Managing a Personalized Web Interface for Monitoring Location Information on Individuals and Objects Using Tracking Devices”). In one variant of this embodiment, if a user does not affirmatively respond, another individual, guardian, medical personnel, or law enforcement officer is contacted by monitoring station  110  (as more fully described in Ser. No. 11/935,901). In yet another variant of this embodiment, monitoring station  110  continues to contact individuals until the alert message is affirmatively answered. 
       Battery Conservation 
       [0075]    Referring to  FIG. 3 , a flow chart  300  illustrates battery conservation for electronic tracking device  100  as described in  FIGS. 1, 2  in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. In step  302 , antenna  122   a  associated with electronic tracking device  100  acquires a snapshot of receive communication signal including location coordinates data. In step  304 , processing unit  104  processes the snapshot of receive communication signal including location coordinates data. In step  306 , processing unit  104  determines a power level of receive communication signal. In step  308 , accelerometer  130  activates if a power level of the receive communication signal is insufficient for processing. In one variant of step  308 , accelerometer  130  measures acceleration of electronic tracking device  100  at time intervals, e.g., T1, T2, T3 . . . TN. 
         [0076]    In step  310 , processing unit  104  computes current location coordinates using acceleration measurements. In step  312 , all or a portion of amplifier block  120  and associated circuitry, e.g., location tracking circuitry, are activated at selected time intervals to determine if receive communication signal is of sufficient signal strength. In one variation of step  312 , upon determining receive communication signal of sufficient signal strength, location tracking circuitry  114  are activated, and processing unit  104  determines location coordinates from the receive communication signal. In another variation of step  312 , upon determining receive communication signal of sufficient signal strength, accelerometer  130  is deactivated and location tracking circuitry  114  are activated, and processing unit  104  determines location coordinates from the receive communication signal. 
       User Adjustable Location Coordinate Refresh Rate 
       [0077]    Referring to  FIGS. 4 , screen display  400  illustrates a user definable adjustable location coordinate refresh rate in one embodiment of the present invention. As best illustrated in  FIG. 5 , schematic  500  illustrates communication of location coordinate refresh rate between portable electronic tracking device  402  and satellite navigation system  403  in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
         [0078]    In one embodiment, portable electronic tracking device  402  monitors location coordinates of one or more individuals and objects using satellite navigation system  403 . Portable electronic tracking device  402  includes battery  118  having battery charge level  406  displayed on screen display  400  of personal communication device  404  (e.g., mobile phone, wireless digital assistant, laptop computer, personal computer and the like). Other components of portable electronic tracking device  402  include transceiver  102 , signal processing circuitry  104 , battery level monitor  116 , signal processing circuitry  104 , location tracking circuitry  114 , adj  416 , and battery charging circuitry  128 . 
         [0079]    In one example, battery level monitor  116  measures in real-time battery charge level  406 . In one embodiment, battery level monitor  116  predicts, for instance, estimated remaining battery charge life  414  in response to battery charge level  406 . This estimation or prediction may be based on standard techniques know by those skilled in the art at the time of this disclosure including measurement of time average amperage draw and voltage level (over a given period) to estimate remaining battery charge life  414 . 
         [0080]    In one embodiment, local battery power adjustment mechanism  416  generates in substantially real-time updated set of network communication signaling protocols. In one variant, updated set of network communication signaling protocols communicated, for instance, includes an update rate (e.g., refresh rate) of location coordinate packets  446 . In one example, update rate of location coordinate packets  446  includes request rate  420  of location coordinate packets  422  by target host  452  (e.g., a computer server) and/or listen rate  425  of location coordinate packets  422  by portable electronic tracking device  402 . Updated set of network communication signaling protocols, for instance, has value (e.g., X Y Z) responsive to user input request  430 . 
         [0081]    In one embodiment, to conserve battery power when communicating messages between target host  452  and portable electronic tracking device  402 , local battery power adjustment mechanism  416 , for instance, remotely by personal communication device  404  communicates a message to active or deactivate a portion of transceiver circuitry  102  or processor circuitry  104  or location tracking circuitry  114  to conserve battery charge level  406  responsive to value  419  (e.g., a user input screen control or mouse adjustable cursor value). In one variant, local battery adjustment mechanism  416  includes user adjustable screen icon  432  to graphically display in substantially real-time trade-off relationships between remaining battery charge level  414  and update rate  446  (e.g., refresh rate) of location coordinate packets  422 . Advantageously as compared to conventional tracking devices, user input request  430  adjusts value  419  to select an appropriate update set of network communication signaling protocols to achieve a desired user defined battery operating environment, e.g., obtain optimal battery life, obtain optimal update rate, tradeoffs between them. In one embodiment, when user adjusts slider  432  to value  419 , a message is sent to target host  452 , which communicates an updated set of network communication to portable location tracking device  402 . 
         [0082]    In response to receipt of updated set of network communication signaling protocols, portable location tracking device  402  adjusts settings (an internal time schedule) and acknowledges receipt of the message to target host  452 . Portable location tracking device  402  checks internal time schedule to determine if it should listen for (perform a location lookup of) location coordinates  422  from satellite navigation system  403  or an adjacent portable location coordinate tracking device (as shown in  FIG. 6 ) as more fully described in, for instance, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/753,979 filed on May 25, 2007, which has been previously incorporated by referenced and claimed priority to. Portable location tracking device  402  obtains location coordinates  422  and stores, for instance, in one or more internal breadcrumb memory location(s). Based on the internal time schedule, portable location tracking device  402  determines whether to transmit contents of the one or more breadcrumb memory location(s) to target host  452 . 
         [0083]    Upon transmission of contents, target host  452  acknowledges receipt of contents of one or more breadcrumb memory locations. In one variant, target host  452  issues a command to flush one or more breadcrumb memory locations. In this same variant, portable electronic tracking device  402  flushes its internal breadcrumb memory and acknowledges completion of the command to the target host  452 . In another variant, target host  452  issues a stack pointer adjustment command to acknowledge receipt of previously submitted contents of breadcrumb memory locations and to move stack pointer to an adjacent or an alternative breadcrumb memory location to signal that these memory location have been uploaded by target host  452 . 
         [0084]    In another embodiment, local battery adjustment mechanism  416  includes timing adjustment mechanism  446  adjusting, for instance, request rate  420  of location coordinate packets  422  to target host  452  and listen rate  425  of location coordinates  422  in accordance with a current location coordinate position of portable tracking device  402 . In one variant, local battery adjustment mechanism  416  includes user adjustable electronic display  432  that indicates current level of battery  406  and allows user a capability to adjust power level thereof. In one variant of this embodiment, local battery adjustment mechanism  416  includes automatic or semi-automatic sleep mode  448 . In one embodiment, automatic or semi-automatic sleep mode  448  sets to a minimal level request rate  420  of location coordinate packets  422  to target host  452  and listen rate  425  of location coordinates  422  until battery power monitor  116  measures, for instance, a sustainable battery charge level to sustain operation of portable electronic tracking device  402 . 
         [0085]    In one embodiment, local battery adjustment mechanism  416  includes charge control management (e.g., adj  416 ) of portable electronic tracking device  402  that estimates charge capability (e.g., battery charge remaining  414 ) and adjusts cycling of one or more of request rate  420  of location coordinate packets  422  to target host  452  and listen rate  425  of location coordinate packets  422  to maximize charge capability. In one alternative embodiment, local battery adjustment mechanism (e.g., adj  416 ) includes cycle management apparatus  416  to set up, for example, timing schedule (e.g., refresh rate  446 ) to maximize effectiveness of request rate  420  and listen rate  425  in response to substantially real-time measured velocity of travel of portable electronic tracking device  402 . 
         [0086]    Referring to  FIGS. 5 and 6 , system  500  and system  600  respectively include local charging management device (e.g. local battery adjustment mechanism  416 ) manages electrical resource capability for an electronic tracking device  402  that is tracked by at least one other tracking device (e.g., devices  403 ,  405 ,  407 ,  409 ). In one embodiment, tracking device (e.g., portable electronic tracking device  402 ) includes a battery level monitor  116  remotely located for charging unit (e.g., battery charging circuitry  128 ), adj  416  (e.g., electrical power resource management component, local battery adjustment mechanism  416 ). In one variant, electrical power resource management component adjusts cycle timing of request rate  420  of location coordinate packets  422  to target host  452  and listen rate  425  of location coordinate packets  422  from satellite navigation system  403  responsive to estimated charge level of charging unit (e.g., battery charge level  406 ). 
         [0087]    In one embodiment, electrical power resource management component (e.g., local battery adjustment mechanism  416 ) includes a substantially real-time user viewable display icon  432  that indicates estimate charge level (e.g., battery level  406 ) and provides an on-line user adjustable cursor display  432  (see  FIG. 4 ). In one example, on-line cursor display  432  adjusts one or more of: request rate  420  of location coordinate packets  422  to target host  452  and listen rate  425  and gives substantially automatic updated estimated charge level of the charging unit (e.g., battery charging circuitry or unit  128 ). In one variant, local battery management device  416  includes charge control management of electronic tracking device  402  that estimates charge capability and adjust cycling of request rate  420  of location coordinate packets  422  to host target  428  and listen rate  425  of location coordinate packets  422  from satellite navigation system  403  or alternatively an adjacent portable location tracking device to maximize charge capability. 
         [0088]    In yet another embodiment, local charging management device  416  includes cycle management apparatus to set up timing schedule  446  to maximize effectiveness of request rate  420  and listen rate  425  in response to measured velocity of travel portable electronic tracking device  402 . In one variant, local charging management device  416  electrically coupled through personal communication device  404  sets up timing schedule  446  between one or more than one wireless communication networks to communicate information between portable electronic tracking device  402 . In one example of this embodiment, listen rate  425  of location coordinate packets  422  to the host target  428  and response rate  425  includes global positioning system (GPS) system refresh rate  446 . 
         [0089]    Advantageously as compared to prior global positioning systems having manufactured defined power settings, the current invention power charging monitor (e.g., battery level monitor  116 ) measures a power level (e.g., battery power level  406 ) of the power charging unit (e.g., battery level monitor  116 ) and substantially automatically adjusts power usage responsive to available power of power charging unit to maximize power life. 
         [0090]    In yet another advantage, the present invention power charging monitor (e.g., battery level monitor  116 ) measures a power level (e.g., battery power level  406 ) of power charging unit (e.g., battery  118 ) and adjusts a power level (e.g., battery power level  406 ) applied to, for example, location tracking circuitry (e.g., location tracking circuitry  114 ) or transceiver  102  responsive to one or more signal levels. In contrast to previous manufacturer tracking device power level settings, the present invention has the capability of power level (e.g., battery power level  406 ) adjustments include multitude of threshold values (see active display  432  of  FIG. 4 ) that is determined by user or system administrator to intermittently activate or deactivate location tracking circuitry (e.g., location tracking circuitry  114 ) to conserve power of the power charging unit (e.g., battery  118 ) responsive to estimated charge level (e.g., battery charge level  406 ). 
         [0091]    In a first example, a lost dog has portable location tracking device  402 . Using the present invention, a user, e.g., a dog owner, will adjust a slider level, such as using on-line cursor display  432 , to a high update rate interval. For instance, the high setting corresponds to 15 minute intervals for location and 15 minute intervals for transmission to target host, e.g., server. The server sends these settings to portable location tracking device  402  and portable location tracking device  402  adjusts its settings and acknowledges the message. As such, portable location tracking device  402  will perform frequent updates of its location coordinates from a satellite navigation system and will transmit frequently its location coordinates to a target host. Thus, advantageously, with this setting, a user will probably more rapidly locate a missing or lost pet. With this setting, battery life will be relatively short. 
         [0092]    In a second example, a teenager borrows a parent&#39;s car having portable location tracking device  402 . Using the present invention, users, e.g., parents, desire to know if their teenager is driving safely in designated areas or locations, but does not want to track the teenager&#39;s location in real-time. In this case, the parents adjust a slider level, such as using on-line cursor display  432 , to a medium update rate interval. For instance, the medium setting corresponds to 15 minute intervals for location and 60 minute intervals for transmission to the target host, e.g., server. The server sends these settings to portable location tracking device  402  and portable location tracking device  402  adjusts its settings and acknowledges the message. As such, portable location tracking device  402  will perform frequent updates of its velocity and location coordinates from a satellite navigation system and will less frequently transmit its location coordinates to a target host. As long as the teenager remains in allowed areas and traveling at allowed speeds, the portable location tracking device will not transmit frequently. Fortunately, during these infrequent transmissions, portable location tracking device will transmit its location history. Thus, advantageously, with this setting, parents can see history at many locations while still preserving battery life, e.g., longer life than first example. 
         [0093]    In a third example, a provider of construction equipment having portable tracking device  402  rents the equipment to contractors. Using the present invention, a user, e.g., provider desires to know location of the equipment once per day. In this case, the provider adjusts a slider level, such as using on-line cursor display  432 , to a low update rate interval. For instance, the low setting corresponds to 1440 minute intervals (24 hours) for location coordinates and 1440 minute intervals (24 hours) for transmission to the target host, e.g., server. The server sends these settings to portable location tracking device  402  and portable location tracking device  402  adjusts its settings and acknowledges the message. As such, portable location tracking device  402  will perform infrequent updates (once per day) of location coordinates from a satellite navigation system and will less frequently transmission (once per day) of its location coordinates to a target host. Thus, advantageously, with this setting, portable location coordinate device will realize increased battery life, e.g., longer life than first and second examples. 
       User Adjustable Power Level Monitor Flow Chart 
       [0094]    Referring to  FIG. 7 , flow chart  700  illustrates user definable adjustable conservation power level monitor for portable electronic tracking device  402  as described in  FIGS. 4, 5, and 6  in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. 
         [0095]    In step  702 , user receives measured charging unit power level of tracking device  402  communicated by a location coordinate tracking system  403 . In step  704 , system administrator, user, automatic or semi-automatic program software adjusts charging unit power level of tracking device  402  in response to a substantially-real life estimate of the unit power level  406  of a charge unit  118  of tracking device  402 . 
         [0096]    In step  706 , system administrator, user, automatic or semi-automatic power monitoring software program creates an initial timing schedule  446  including communication of signaling parameters associated with a request rate  420  communicated with location coordinate information  422  and listen rate  425  of location coordinate information  422 . In one variant of step  706 , initial timing schedule  446  was at least partially automatically and responsive to an estimated power level  414  of the charge unit  118 . 
         [0097]    In step  708 , user readjusts the initial timing schedule  446  for communication of signaling parameters in accordance with a local request by remote user using an Internet accessible icon  432  that displays user viewable tradeoffs between the estimated charge unit life and charge unit update rate. In one variant of step  708 , remote user uses a mouse to enter an on screen cursor value  419  that is associated with a tradeoff of estimated charge life  414  and an update rate  446  of location coordinate information  422 . 
         [0000]    Position Fix is Updated in Accordance with Subscriber Service Usage Application 
         [0098]    Referring to  FIGS. 8-11 , location tracking server  902  tracks mobile location tracking device  901 . Location tracking server  902  communicates location coordinate information to subscriber  904 . In one embodiment, GPS acquisition device  906  generates a position fix  910  (e.g., location coordinate information) of mobile location tracking device  901 . In one embodiment, GPS acquisition device  906  acquires GPS data over a few milliseconds. Using GPS data, CPU  918 , e.g., GSM baseband processor, utilizes, for instance, SPOT a-GPS solution algorithms calculates improved accuracy position fix results. GPRS/GSM transceiver device  908  (having one or both GPRS and GSM capability) reports position fix to location tracking server  902 . NXP GSM/GPRS &amp; GSS power management software installed on the mobile location tracking device  901  assists maintaining efficient power consumption. 
         [0099]    As best illustrated in  FIG. 10 , memory device, e.g., flash memory device  912 , stores zone management map  917  having selected location coordinate zones stored in flash memory device  912  to indicate restricted location zones  914  and allowable location zones  916 . The restricted zones  914  and allowable zones  916 , for example, are chosen by subscriber  904 . In one embodiment, computational processor, e.g., CPU  918 , includes internal clock  920 . In one variant of this embodiment, internal clock  920  substantially activates and deactivates functionality of computational processor  918  independently of any signaling from an external device, e.g., location tracking server  902 . In one exemplary embodiment, GPRS/GSM transceiver device  908  and computational processor  918  comprises an activated mode and a deactivated mode in accordance with subscriber service usage profile  907  (subscriber service usage pattern). 
         [0100]    In one variant, internal clock  920  activates and deactivates one or more modules, e.g., GPS acquisition device  906  and GPRS and/or GSM transceiver device  908  changes in accordance with subscriber service usage application, e.g., a software application including subscriber service usage profile  907 . Subscriber service user profile  907  includes subscriber desired and/or previous frequency of receipt of fix reports. In one embodiment, subscriber service usage application includes a software application, e.g., that is loaded into flash memory  912 , utilizing usage parameters extracted or stored or acquired from subscriber service usage profile  907  to update position fix of mobile tracking device  901 . 
         [0101]    As best illustrated in  FIG. 10 , an exemplary subscriber service usage profile displays typical usage and location coordinate requests and battery charge associated therewith. In one embodiment, initial subscriber service usage profile  907  may be high when first purchase mobile location tracking device  901 , e.g., reporting every 5 minutes to location tracking server  902  which equates to battery charge period of ×hours. However, upon subscriber service usage profile  907  becoming less intensive, lower frequency of fix reporting interval, e.g., reporting every 60 minutes to location tracking server  902  which equate to battery charge period of 2.5×hours (as compared to original×hours). Thus, using principles of the present invention, battery charge period (e.g., battery  118 ) of mobile tracking device  901  including frequency of position fix acquisition and frequency of position fix reporting may be individually tailored and responsive to one or more usage profiles, e.g., subscriber service usage profile  907  or combined or modified with those displayed in  FIG. 11  to customize power usage. In comparison, many conventional tracking devices acquire position fix, for instance, having standard or regularly spaced intervals or periods which don&#39;t modify based on subscriber service usage requests (and that may change as shown above) sacrifice unnecessarily battery power. 
         [0102]    As illustrated in  FIG. 11 , subscriber service usage profile  907  may be compared or modified and partially responsive to current historical (e.g. legacy) power optimized usage plans (e.g., plans including Pet  1 ,  2 ,  3  . . . ; Rental Car  1 ,  2 ,  3  . . . ; and Alzheimer&#39;s and Senior Patients  1 ,  2 ,  3  . . . . The power optimized plans are part of a location coordinate service library (e.g., resident on flash memory device  912 , stored in location tracking server  902 , or other similar location) and categorized in accordance with usage characteristics of subscriber  904  as well as tracked pet, tracked person, or tracked object carrying mobile tracking device  901 . 
         [0103]    Referring again to the embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 11 , if a tracked pet is a cat and the cat is indoors daily during the hours of 7 PM until 7 AM, then subscriber service usage profile  907  is modified to plan  1  of location coordinate service library associated with indoor cats). Internal clock  920  utilizes plan  1  to provide instructions to shut down and/or automatically restart GPS acquisition device  906  and GPRS and/or GSM transceiver device  908  of portable tracking device  902  to conserve power of battery  118  and maintain a plan prescribed level of service. 
         [0104]    In yet another embodiment, if tracked person is an Alzheimer&#39;s patient and the patient is in physical therapy is weekly during the hours of 10:00 AM through 12:00 PM weekly on alternative Tuesday and Thursdays, daily sleeping during the hours of 7 PM to 7 AM, and under family supervision on Saturdays, then subscriber service usage profile  907  is modified. In this exemplary embodiment, plan  2  of location coordinate service library is implemented that is associated with Alzheimer&#39;s and Senior Patients having morning physical therapy on Tuesdays and Thursdays and off on weekends. Internal clock  920  utilizes plan  2  to schedule shut down and substantially automatic restart of GPS acquisition device  906  and GPRS and/or GSM transceiver device  908  of portable tracking device  902  in accordance with plan to conserve power of battery  118  but also to maintain a plan prescribed level of service. 
         [0105]    In yet another embodiment, if tracked object is a rental automobile, then when the rental automobile is located on the lot in a secure location or in a repair garage during scheduled periods, then subscriber service usage profile  907  is modified to utilize plan  3  of location coordinate service library associated with garaged rental cars. In accordance with plan  3 , internal clock  920  provides instructions to shut down GPS acquisition device  906  and GPRS and/or GSM transceiver device  908  of portable tracking device  902  and restart substantially automatically to conserve power of battery  118  but also maintain a plan prescribed level of service. 
         [0106]    Referring to Table 1, different service plans of location service coordinate library are illustrated for a tracked pet that is a dog. In this exemplary embodiment, subscriber service usage profile  907  utilizes one or more battery power optimized usage plans. The below battery power optimized usage plans including profile names, for example, Dog-In-Yard, Dog-On-Leash, and Dog-Loose, stored or loaded in flash memory device  912  of portable tracking device  901  optimized for a selected coverage zone (Expected Zone). 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Service Plans of Location Service Coordinate Library 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Profile 
                 Locate 
                   
                 Transmit 
                 Expected 
                 Next 
               
               
                 Name 
                 Interval 
                 Max Speed 
                 Interval 
                 Zone 
                 Profile 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Dog-In-Yard 
                 20 Minutes 
                 4 MPH 
                  4 hours 
                 Home Yard 
                 Dog-On- 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Leash 
               
               
                 Dog-On- 
                 10 Minutes 
                 4 MPH 
                 60 Minutes 
                 Neighbor- 
                 Dog- 
               
               
                 Leash 
                   
                   
                   
                 hood 
                 Loose 
               
               
                 Dog-Loose 
                  2 Minutes 
                 7 MPH 
                  2 Minutes 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0107]    Continuing with this example, in the Expected Zone Home Yard, subscriber  904  is provided fix location of portable tracking device  901  every 20 minutes and a transmit interval of position fix to server  902  every four (4) hours. In one variant, internal clock  920  shuts down GPS acquisition device  906  and GPRS and/or GSM transceiver device  908  (e.g., in accordance with a plan that is part of location coordinate service library) of portable tracking device  901  in between performance of fix location and transmit intervals to conserve power of battery  118 . Using this option, a dog&#39;s owner (subscriber  904 ) monitors and detects when dog having portable tracking device  901  leaves the yard in 20 minute intervals in response to internal clock  920  activating or deactivating GPS acquisition device  906  and GSM and/or GSM transceiver device  908 . 
         [0108]    However, if subscriber  904  (owner) takes dog for a walk, portable tracking device  901  detects egress from Expected Zone Home Yard. On a next or subsequent cycle (as addressed by location service coordinate library) of internal clock  920 , portable tracking device  901  substantially automatically configures itself for profile Dog-On-Leash with expected Neighborhood zone, where dog has a maximum speed of 4 MPH. Advantageously, subscriber service usage profile  907  is updated without the need to contact server  902 ; thus, substantial battery life is maintained. Furthermore, if dog leaves Expected Zone Neighborhood or exceeds 4 MPH, then on next cycle or subsequent cycle (as addressed by location service coordinate library) of internal clock  920 , portable tracking device  901  substantially automatically reconfigures itself for the “Dog-Loose” profile, which profile detects a location of and reports location to server  902  every two (2) minutes. 
         [0109]    In one embodiment, to accomplish automatic or substantially automatic reconfiguration capabilities, portable tracking device  902  includes exemplary programming elements such as: Command Memory, Command Scripts, Schedules, Zones, and Thresholds. 
       Command Memory 
       [0110]    Portable tracking device  901  stores frequently utilized commands e.g.,  255 , in Command Memory. In one embodiment, Command Memory includes flash memory device  912 , where a single byte memory location references frequency utilized commands. Server  902  communicates a “Run Command From Memory” statement to flash memory device  912  and references the single-byte memory location stored in flash memory device  912 . Flash memory device  912  executes command as if statement was freshly received from Server  902 . Frequently used commands, for instance, as determined by server  902 , will be stored in the Command Memory and utilized, for example, by Command Scripts. 
       Command Scripts 
       [0111]    Command scripts are lists of commands that are run in a script. The Command script ID identifies a particular script, which is a 32-element list of commands from command memory. For example, if command script 05 contained the following data (only the first 16 elements are shown): 
         [0000]                                                                                                05   01   02   05   06   1B   09   0A   00   00   00   00   00   00   00   00   00                    
In this exemplary embodiment, the script runs seven commands from Command Memory (01, 02, 05, 06, 1B, 09, and 0A). Note that these are not commands from server  902 ; they are commands stored in memory (e.g., flash memory device  912 ) via previous message from server  902 . In one embodiment, the special case of “00” causes no command to be run. Advantageously, command script resident on flash memory device  912  perform any or all of the following (singlet&#39; or collectively) of the following: Enable/disable zones, Enable/disable thresholds, Enable/disable schedules, Send a message to Server, and perform other like commands.
 
         [0112]    In one exemplary embodiment, enable/disable thresholds include enabling or disabling one or more settings, e.g., timer settings. For instance, when a tracked object enters a restricted zone  914 , a counting sequence is initiated. If tracked object is within restricted zone  914  for more than a designated period, internal clock  920  (on next cycle or subsequent cycle as determined by subscriber service usage profile  907 ) issues a command to automatically update profile, e.g., increase taking position fix and sending report to server  902 . 
       Schedule 
       [0113]    Within portable tracking device  901 , scheduling system provides Command Scripts to be scheduled for later or repeated at specific intervals. Scheduling allows command and control system of server  902  to load portable tracking device  901  with zones of coverage (Enable/disable zones, allowed zones, restricted zones . . . ) and thresholds (Enable/disable thresholds). Advantageously, even if zone changes as a result of changing detected location of portable tracking device  902  during the day, no messaging is required to server  902 . Advantageously in contrast to conventional GPS systems, scheduled commands are interpreted by portable tracking device  901  as if they were received by server  902  (including the header). 
         [0114]    As illustrated in Table 2, scheduled commands may be formatted to ignore the Message ID and CRC checking In yet another variant, scheduling system does not include commands that affect any CRCs. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Schedule Command Format 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Element 
                 Data Type 
                 Description 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Schedule 
                 1 byte 
                 The ID of the schedule element 
               
               
                 ID 
               
               
                 Status 
                 1 byte 
                 0 = this zone is not active; 1 = this zone is active 
               
               
                   
                   
                 (this value is not used for CRC calculations) 
               
               
                 Schedule 
                 1 Byte 
                 Bitmap to indicate when this command should be 
               
               
                 Mask 
                   
                 processed: 
               
               
                   
                   
                 1 = Saturday 
               
               
                   
                   
                 2 = Friday 
               
               
                   
                   
                 4 = Thursday 
               
               
                   
                   
                 8 = Wednesday 
               
               
                   
                   
                 16 = Tuesday 
               
               
                   
                   
                 32 = Monday 
               
               
                   
                   
                 64 = Sunday 
               
               
                   
                   
                 128 = Automatically delete this schedule at the 
               
               
                   
                   
                 end of the week (this schedule runs only once) 
               
               
                   
                   
                 If all bits are set to 0, this schedule is considered 
               
               
                   
                   
                 disabled. 
               
               
                 Time On 
                 Integer 
                 The second-of-the-day when this schedule should 
               
               
                   
                   
                 activate during the day 
               
               
                 Time Off 
                 Integer 
                 The second-of-the-day when this schedule should 
               
               
                   
                   
                 deactivate during the day 
               
               
                 Repeat 
                 Integer 
                 The interval in seconds for this command to be 
               
               
                 Duration 
                   
                 repeated throughout the time-on and time-off 
               
               
                   
                   
                 window. 
               
               
                 Command 
                 1 byte 
                 The script ID to run at the scheduled time 
               
               
                 Script 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Zones 
       [0115]    In one embodiment, zones of coverage (e.g., restricted, allowed) are defined by circles having a center point and a radius. Circular zones have seven elements including those illustrated in Table 3: 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 3 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Zone Elements 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Element 
                 Data Type 
                 Description 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Zone ID 
                 1 byte 
                 The ID of the zone 
               
               
                 Status 
                 1 byte 
                 0 = this zone is not active; 1 = this zone is active 
               
               
                   
                   
                 (this value is not used for CRC calculations) 
               
               
                 Latitude 
                 Double 
                 The Latitude of the center point 
               
               
                 Longitude 
                 Double 
                 The Longitude of the center point 
               
               
                 Radius 
                 Double 
                 The radius of the circle 
               
               
                 Ingress 
                 1 byte 
                 The script ID to run if the zone is entered 
               
               
                 Script 
               
               
                 Egress 
                 1 byte 
                 The script ID to run if the zone is exited 
               
               
                 Script 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0116]    In one embodiment, when determining position fix, portable tracking device  901  iterates through active zones (restricted, allowed . . . that are part of zone management map) in memory, e.g., flash memory  912 , to determine if boundaries have been crossed to any zones. Upon detecting crossing of one or more zones, portable tracking device  901  checks Ingress and Egress script(s) for corresponding coverage zone (restricted and allowed) and runs the specified command script. Upon detection of Ingress or Egress, portable tracking device  901  sends an alert to server  902 . 
         [0117]    In one exemplary embodiment, portable tracking device  901  determines positioning and whether located inside a zone. During processing, one or more calculations are performed including portable tracking device  901  determining distance from center point of one or more zones of coverage. If delta distance, e.g. distance between restricted and allowed zone, is less than or equal to the radius, portable tracking device  901  considers itself inside a selected zone. However, if delta distance is greater than the radius, portable tracking device  901  is considered outside a selected zone. 
         [0118]    Continuing with this exemplary embodiment, delta distance is calculated using a spherical model of the Earth with the WGS-84 arithmetic mean radius, which is 6,371,008.7714 meters. In one embodiment, the calculation includes law of cosines that calculates great-circle distance between two GPS coordinates in accordance with the following equation: 
         [0000]    
       
         
           
             
               
                 var 
                  
                 
                     
                 
                  
                 radius 
               
               = 
               6 
             
             , 
             371 
             , 
             
               008.7714 
                
               
                   
               
               ; 
             
           
         
       
       
         
           
             
               var 
                
               
                   
               
                
               distance 
             
             = 
             
               
                 radius 
                 * 
               
                
               
                 acos 
                  
                 
                   ( 
                   
                     
                       
                         
                           cos 
                            
                           
                             ( 
                             
                               point 
                                
                               
                                   
                               
                                
                               1. 
                                
                               
                                 Latitude 
                                 * 
                               
                                
                               π 
                                
                               
                                 / 
                               
                                
                               180 
                             
                             ) 
                           
                         
                         * 
                       
                        
                       
                         
                           cos 
                            
                           
                             ( 
                             
                               point 
                                
                               
                                   
                               
                                
                               2. 
                                
                               
                                 Latitude 
                                 * 
                               
                                
                               π 
                                
                               
                                 / 
                               
                                
                               180 
                             
                             ) 
                           
                         
                         * 
                       
                        
                       
                         cos 
                          
                         
                           ( 
                           
                             
                               
                                 ( 
                                 
                                   
                                     point 
                                      
                                     
                                         
                                     
                                      
                                     1. 
                                      
                                     Longtitude 
                                   
                                   - 
                                   
                                     point 
                                      
                                     
                                         
                                     
                                      
                                     2. 
                                      
                                     Longitude 
                                   
                                 
                                 ) 
                               
                               * 
                             
                              
                             π 
                              
                             
                               / 
                             
                              
                             180 
                           
                           ) 
                         
                       
                     
                     + 
                     
                       
                         
                           sin 
                            
                           
                             ( 
                             
                               point 
                                
                               
                                   
                               
                                
                               1. 
                                
                               
                                 Latitude 
                                 * 
                               
                                
                               π 
                                
                               
                                 / 
                               
                                
                               180 
                             
                             ) 
                           
                         
                         * 
                       
                        
                       
                         sin 
                          
                         
                           ( 
                           
                             point 
                              
                             
                                 
                             
                              
                             2. 
                              
                             
                               Latitude 
                               * 
                             
                              
                             π 
                              
                             
                               / 
                             
                              
                             180 
                           
                           ) 
                         
                       
                     
                   
                   ) 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
       Thresholds 
       [0119]    Portable tracking device  901  monitors operating variables to make sure within threshold values. In one embodiment, if any operating values fall outside a designated acceptable range, portable tracking device  901  runs a command script. One or more thresholds may be placed upon any operating variable. Comparisons can be numeric or based upon ASCII values (alphabetic in ASCII order). In one variant, more than one threshold can be set upon the same variable. Thresholds are usually activated or deactivated during a scheduled command. For instance, thresholds may take on a Boolean statement in the form ([operating variable] [comparison] [value]) 
         [0120]    An exemplary script runs when an operating variable called battery_level (expressed as a value between 0 and 255) falls below 51 (about 20%) is 
         [0121]    (battery_level&lt;51) 
         [0122]    If battery_level is below 51, the above expression is TRUE. 
         [0123]    In one example, thresholds are an expression that evaluates as to a value of either TRUE or FALSE. Whenever one or more operating variable(s) are updated in memory, e.g., flash memory  912 , portable tracking device  901  calculates any value of one or more thresholds associated with that variable. If the result of the calculation was previously TRUE and is now FALSE, the “false script” is run. If the result of the calculation was previously FALSE and is now TRUE, the “true script” is run. 
         [0124]    In one embodiment, threshold include the elements described below: 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
               
                 Element 
                 Data Size 
                 Description 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Threshold ID 
                 1 
                 byte 
                 The ID of the Threshold 
               
               
                 Operating 
                 1 
                 byte 
                 The ID of the Operating Variable being 
               
               
                 Variable ID 
                   
                   
                 monitored 
               
               
                 False Script 
                 1 
                 byte 
                 The script ID to run if this evaluation changes 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 to FALSE 
               
               
                 True Script 
                 1 
                 byte 
                 The script ID to run if this evaluation changes 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 to TRUE 
               
               
                 Status 
                 1 
                 bit 
                 0 = Off. This Threshold is off 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 1 = On. This Threshold is on 
               
               
                 Inequality 
                 7 
                 bits 
                 The type of inequality for the comparison. 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 1 = the variable must be equal to this value (i.e. 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 ‘==’) 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 2 = the variable must be less than this value 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 (i.e. ‘&lt;’) 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 3 = the variable must be greater than this value 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 (i.e. ‘&gt;’) 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 4 = the variable must be less than or equal to 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 this value (i.e. ‘&lt;=’) 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 5 = the variable must be greater than or equal 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 to this value (i.e. ‘&gt;=’) 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 6 = the variable must be not equal to this value 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 (i.e. ‘&lt;&gt;’ or ‘!=’) 
               
               
                 Value 
                 16 
                 bytes 
                 The value for the comparison. 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0125]    Advantageously, as compared with conventional mobile tracking devices that activate and deactivate in response to signaling from location tracking server  912 , which depletes battery life, the present embodiment(s) have internal clock  920  that activates and deactivates substantially independently of any signaling, for instance, by or from GSM and/or GPRS transceiver device  908  and GPS mobile location tracking module  906 . 
         [0126]    In one embodiment, “on-demand” internal clock  920  activates or deactivates GPRS and/or GSM transceiver device  908  and computation processor  918  in accordance with position fix relative to, for instance, subscriber service usage profile  907  in accordance with current position fix of mobile location tracking device  901  relative to the selected location coordinate zones (e.g., restricted areas or zones  914  or allowed areas or zones  916 ) on zone management map  917 . In one variant, subscriber service usage profile  907  comprises a prior or scheduled daily or monthly profile of subscriber  904  designated reporting interval for mobile location tracking device  901 . 
         [0127]    In yet another embodiment, scriber service usage application (stored in Flash Memory  912 ) may be controlled by an external clock  931  (having similar functionality as internal clock  920 ) to computational processor  918  to regulate and control (either in a primary or secondary capacity to supplement or replace internal clock  920 ) activation and deactivation of modules (e.g., GSM and/or GPRS transceiver modules and/or GPS acquisition module) on the mobile location tracking device  901 . 
         [0128]    In another variant, GPRS transmission device  908  includes a deactivated mode where GPRS transmission device  908  switches-off (switched-off mode) and is not in service contact with subscriber  904 . In one variant, Short Message Service (SMS) messages sent during switched-off mode are received by the GPRS transmission device during an upcoming switched-on mode. In another embodiment, GSM transmission device  908  reports position fix to the subscriber and deactivates the GSM transmission device  908 , e.g., places GSM transmission device  908  in a deactivated mode, in accordance with the subscriber service usage pattern. In another variant, GPRS transmission device  908  includes a deactivated mode where GPRS transmission device  908  is in switched-off mode and not in service contact with subscriber and location tracking server  902 . 
         [0129]    In one alternative of this variant, GPRS transmission device  908  receives SMS messages sent during switched-off mode during an upcoming switched-on mode. In one embodiment, GPS acquisition device  908  comprises a deactivated mode and internal clock  920  activates and deactivates GPS acquisition device  906  independently of signaling from location tracking server  902  in accordance with subscriber service usage profile  907 . In one embodiment, subscriber  904  configures mobile location tracking device  900  by sending an SMS message or sending text through an Internet web interface inputs. 
         [0130]    In yet another exemplary embodiment, upon activation by internal clock  920 , GPS acquisition device  906  receives current position fix, frequency to report the current position fix to subscriber is updated in accordance with current position fix, and GPS acquisition device  908  returns to a deactivated mode. In another embodiment, an accelerometer and motion readings by accelerometer (e.g., accelerometer  130  shown and described in prior embodiment) are analyzed in accordance with subscriber service usage profile  907  to determine if current position fix has entered one or more selected locations of zone management map  917  or violated one or more thresholds. 
         [0131]    In summary, a power management device disclosed above determines update rate and reporting of a position fix of a mobile location tracking device to a location tracking server. In one embodiment, an accelerometer is provided to allow motions of mobile location tracking device  901  to determine position fix update rate and reporting thereof to location tracking server  902 . Included as part of power management device, a computational processor  918  having internal clock  920 . In accordance with a subscriber service usage profile  907 , internal clock  920  activates and deactivates location tracking coordinate transmission and acquisition GSM and/or GPRS transceiver module  908  and GPS module  906  of mobile location tracking device  901  substantially independently of communicated signals by location tracking server  902 . 
         [0132]    In one variant, internal clock  920  incorporates mobile location tracking device  901  motion inputs from accelerometer  130  to determine whether to activate and deactivate transmission and acquisition GSM and/or GPRS transceiver modules of location tracking device  901 . In one alternative of this variant, upon activation by internal clock  920 , accelerometer  113  generates motion inputs that are inputted to update subscriber service usage profile  907  stored (e.g., resident) on flash memory  912  to update a previous position fix to a current position fix for mobile location tracking device  901 . In yet another alternative variant, current position fix updates reporting frequency of position fix of mobile location tracking device  901  to location tracking server  902 . 
         [0133]    In another alternative embodiment, upon activation by internal clock  920 , GPS acquisition module  906  receives current position fix, updates reporting frequency of the position fix of the mobile location tracking device  901  is updated in accordance with the current position fix at least partially in accordance with subscriber service usage profile  907  stored in flash memory device  912 , and the GPS acquisition device  906  returns to the deactivated mode. 
         [0134]    In yet another embodiment, subscriber service usage profile  907  updates in accordance with an SMS message communicated between a mobile cellular device  937  or location tracking server  902  and mobile location tracking device  901 . The subscriber service usage profile  907  comprises a zone management map  915  of selected location coordinates and updates in accordance with, for instance, an SMS message communicated between mobile cellular device  927  or location tracking server  902  and mobile location tracking device  901 . In addition, subscriber service usage profile  907  includes previous and current subscriber usage patterns that are utilized for location tracking coordinate management and updating thereof. 
         [0135]    Referring to  FIG. 12 , flow chart  1100  illustrates power conservation process when updating position fix of a portable location tracking device  901  being tracked and reported to a location tracking server  908 , as described in more detail in  FIGS. 8, 9, and 10 , in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. In step  1102 , a power conservation process updates position fix of a mobile location tracking device  901  in accordance with generation of a current position fix by GPS acquisition device  906 . In step  1104 , current position fix is compared relative to a zone management map  917  of designated allowed  916  and restricted  914  location coordinate zones stored in a flash memory device  912  as part of subscriber usage service profile  907  associated with the mobile location tracking device  900 . In step  1106 , current position fix is reported by GPRS and/or GSM transceiver device to location tracking server  902 . 
         [0136]    In step  1108 , GPS acquisition device, GPRS and/or GSM transceiver device  908 , and computational processor (CPU)  918  are activated or deactivated in accordance with subscriber service usage profile  907  and current position fix relative to zone management map  917  of designated allowed  916  and restricted  914  location coordinate zones. In step  1110 , internal clock  920  activates or deactivates substantially independent of communicated signals from location tracking server  902  to GPS acquisition device  906 , the GPRS and GSM transceiver device in accordance with the subscriber usage service profile  907  in response to a delta distance (e.g., differential distance) between a position fix of the mobile location tracking device relative to one or more designated allowed location coordinate zones  916  and restricted location coordinate zones  914  or violated a threshold conditions, such as entering a boundary or contour or zone violation for a specified period or time. 
         [0137]    In one variant of step  1100 , deactivating the GPRS and/or GSM transceiver device comprises switching-off the GPRS and/or GSM transceiver device and not providing service contact with subscriber  904  and to receive SMS messages sent to mobile tracking device  901  during the switched-off mode during an upcoming switched-on mode. In another variant of step  1100 , analysis of motion readings from accelerometer  130  by computational processor  918  determines if the current position fix has entered one or more designed allowed location coordinate zones  916  or restricted location coordinate zones  914  and causing a zone violation of one or more of these zones. 
         [0138]    In step  1112 , mobile location tracking device  901  actives GPS acquisition device  906  by internal clock  920 , acquires current position fix by GPS acquisition device  906 ; and updates reporting frequency of current position fix to subscriber  904  in accordance with current position fix, and returns GPS acquisition device  906  to deactivated mode until activated by internal clock  920 . 
         [0139]    In one variant of step  1112 , a timer is started when mobile location tracking device  901  has passed a threshold into a restricted location coordinate zone; readings of the timer are analyzed to determine how long the mobile location tracking device has entered the restricted location coordinate zone; subscriber usage service application  907  is updated with a profile associated with Expected Zone responsive to entry into the restricted location coordinate zone that is part of location coordinate service library and previously communicated by the location tracking server  902  during an SMS transmission; the GPS acquisition device  908  acquires an updated current position fix in response to selection of the profile associated with the Expected Zone to account for GPS satellite displacement (drift) during measurement; reporting frequency communicated including the updated current position fix in response to selection of the profile associated with the Expected Zone to account for the GPS satellite displacement during measurement; and the GPS acquisition device returned to deactivated mode in accordance with the profile associated with the Expected Zone until activated by internal clock  920 . 
         [0140]    It is noted that many variations of the methods described above may be utilized consistently with the present invention. Specifically, certain steps are optional and may be performed or deleted as desired. Similarly, other steps (such as additional data sampling, processing, filtration, calibration, or mathematical analysis for example) may be added to the foregoing embodiments. Additionally, the order of performance of certain steps may be permuted, or performed in parallel (or series) if desired. Hence, the foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the broader methods of the invention disclosed herein. 
         [0141]    While the above detailed description has shown, described, and pointed out novel features of the invention as applied to various embodiments, it will be understood that various omissions, substitutions and changes in the form and details of the device or process illustrated may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. The foregoing description is of the best mode presently contemplated of carrying out the invention. This description is in no way meant to be limiting, but rather should be taken as illustrative of the general principles of the invention. The scope of the invention should be determined with reference to the claims.