Abstract:
Disclosed is a heat resistant steel casting, comprising C, 0.15-0.3%, Si, 0.1-0.30%, Mn, 0.01-0.1%, Cr, 2.0-2.5%, Mo, 0.3-0.8%, V, 0.23-0.3%, W, 1.6-2.6%, N, 0.005-0.03%, B, 0.001-0.004%, impurity elements including Ni not larger than 0.2%, P not larger than 0.03% and S not larger than 0.01%, B equivalent determined by B+0.5N given below being not larger than 0.02%, Mo equivalent determined by Mo+0.5W given below falling within a range of between 1.4% and 2.0%, and C equivalent determined by C+Mn/6+Si/24+Ni/40+Cr/5+Mo/14+V/14 given below being not smaller than 0.65%, and balance of iron wherein a precipitated phase consisting of a M 23 C 6  carbide, a M 7 C 3  carbide, and MX carbonitride is a texture finely precipitated in a matrix phase, and a ratio of the precipitated phase to the matrix phase falls within a range of between 0.6% and 1.0%.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is based upon and claims the benefit of priority from the prior Japanese Patent Application No. 2000-212916, filed Jul. 13, 2000, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to a heat resistant steel casting useful as a material of a steam turbine casing and as a material of a steam turbine valve body and to a method of manufacturing the same. 
     A low alloy heat resistant steel casting such as a 1.25Cr-0.5Mo cast steel or a 1Cr-1Mo-0.25V cast steel is widely used as a heat resistant steel casting material used for forming a steam turbine casing or a steam turbine valve body in a thermal power station. 
     On the other hand, in the thermal power station in recent years, the temperature elevation of the steam proceeds rapidly. In accordance with the temperature elevation of the steam, the change of the material of the high temperature member to a high Cr heat resistant steel casting is being vigorously promoted. The high Cr heat resistant steel casting of this kind is disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Publication (KOKOKU) No. 4-53928 and Japanese Patent Publication (KOKOKU) No. 3-80865. Since the high Cr heat resistant steel casting exhibits a high mechanical strength and an excellent resistance to the high temperature environment, it is possible to suppress the increase in the thickness of the high temperature member in spite of the elevation of the steam temperature. Also, since it is possible to suppress the thermal stress in the start-up and stop of the steam turbine, the steam turbine can be operated efficiently. 
     In recent years, the thermal power station is required to exhibit an excellent economical advantage in addition to a high thermal efficiency. Therefore, it is absolutely necessary for the material of the thermal power station to exhibit mechanical properties and manufacturing properties equal to or higher than those of the conventional material and to be excellent in economy. The material meeting these requirements includes, for example, the steel disclosed in Japanese Patent Disclosure (KOKAI) No. 2-217438 and Japanese Patent Disclosure (KOKAI) No. 8-269616. 
     However, the material of a high temperature member manufactured as a thick cast article is required to exhibit high temperature strength characteristics and economic properties superior to those of the steels disclosed in JP &#39;438 and JP &#39;616 quoted above. 
     BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     An object of the present invention, which has been achieved in view of the situation described above, is provide a heat resistant steel casting exhibiting mechanical properties excellent under an environment in which a high temperature steam flows and excellent in economical properties and a method of manufacturing the particular heat resistance cast steel. 
     As a result of an extensive research on a low alloy heat resistant steel casting fully comparable to the high Cr steel casting in the high temperature strength characteristics and advantageous in economy, the present inventors have arrived at the present invention summarized below. 
     According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a heat resistant steel casting, comprising C in an amount of 0.15 to 0.3 mass %, Si in an amount of 0.1 to 0.30 mass %, Mn in an amount of 0.01 to 0.1 mass %, Cr in an amount of 2.0 to 2.5 mass %, Mo in an amount of 0.3 to 0.8 mass %, V in an amount of 0.23 to 0.3 mass %, W in an amount of 1.6 to 2.6 mass %, N in an amount of 0.005 to 0.03 mass %, B in an amount of 0.001 to 0.004 mass %, impurity elements including Ni not larger than 0.2 mass %, P not larger than 0.03 mass % and S not larger than 0.01 mass %, B equivalent determined by formula (1) given below being not larger than 0.02 mass %, Mo equivalent determined by formula (2) given below falling within a range of between 1.4 mass % and 2.0 mass %, and C equivalent determined by formula (3) given below being not smaller than 0.65 mass %, and balance of iron and unavoidable impurities: 
     
       
         B equivalent=B+0.5N  (1) 
       
     
     
       
         Mo equivalent=Mo+0.5W  (2) 
       
     
     
       
         C equivalent=C+Mn/6+Si/24+Ni/40+Cr/5+Mo/14+V/14  (3) 
       
     
     wherein a precipitated phase consisting of a M 23 C 6  type carbide, a M 7 C 3  type carbide, and MX type carbonitride is a texture finely precipitated in a matrix phase, and a ratio of the precipitated phase to the matrix phase falls within a range of between 0.6 and 1.0 mass %. 
     In this case, it is possible for the Nb equivalent determined by formula (4) given below to be not larger than 0.15%, with the V content set at 0.23 to 0.27 mass %, and with Nb content set at 0.01 to 0.06 mass %: 
     
       
         Nb equivalent=Nb+0.4C  (4) 
       
     
     It is also possible to set the V content at 0.23 to 0.27 mass % and to set the Ti content at 0.005 to 0.01 mass %. 
     Further, it is possible to set the V content at 0.25 to 0.3%. 
     According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a heat resistant steel casting, comprising C in an amount of 0.15 to 0.3 mass %, Si in an amount of 0.1 to 0.30 mass %, Mn in an amount of 0.4 to 0.7 mass %, Cr in an amount of 2.0 to 2.5 mass %, Mo in an amount of 0.3 to 0.8 mass %, V in an amount of 0.23 to 0.3 mass %, W in an amount of 1.6 to 2.6 mass %, N in an amount of 0.005 to 0.03 mass %, B in an amount of 0.001 to 0.004 mass %, impurity elements including Ni in an amount not larger than 0.5 mass %, P in an amount not larger than 0.03 mass % and S in an amount not larger than 0.01 mass %, B equivalent determined by formula (1) given below being not larger than 0.02 mass %, Mo equivalent determined by formula (2) given below falling within a range of between 1.4 mass % and 2.0 mass %, and C equivalent determined by formula (3) given below being not smaller than 0.65 mass %, and balance of iron and unavoidable impurities, 
     wherein a precipitated phase consisting of a M 23 C 6  type carbide, a M 7 C 3  type carbide, and MX type carbonitride is a texture finely precipitated in a matrix phase, and a ratio of the precipitated phase to the matrix phase falls within a range of between 0.6 and 1.0 mass %: 
     
       
         B equivalent=B+0.5N  (1) 
       
     
     
       
         Mo equivalent=Mo+0.5W  (2) 
       
     
      C equivalent=C+Mn/6+Si/24+Ni/40+Cr/5+Mo/15+V/14  (3) 
     In this case, it is possible for the Nb equivalent determined by formula (4) given below to be not larger than 0.15%, with the V content set at 0.23 to 0.27 mass %, and with Nb content set at 0.01 to 0.06 mass %: 
     
       
         Nb equivalent=Nb+0.4C  (4) 
       
     
     It is also possible to set the V content at 0.23 to 0.27 mass % and to set the Ti content at 0.01 to 0.025 mass %. 
     Further, it is possible to set the V content at 0.25 to 0.3%. 
     The function of each of the components described above and the reasons for specifying the composition are as described in items (a) to (p) described below. In the following description, “%” represents the mass % unless otherwise specified. 
     (a) C: 0.15 to 0.3% 
     Carbon (C) serves to ensure the hardenability, to suppress the ferrite formation, and to precipitate as a carbide or carbonitride contributing to reinforcement of precipitation. In ensuring the mechanical properties of a thick portion in casting, particularly, a large lump, it is important to ensure the hardenability and to suppress the ferrite formation. If the C content is less than 0.15%, these functions are unlikely to be performed sufficiently. On the other hand, if the C content exceeds 0.3%, the agglomeration of the precipitated carbide tends to be promoted and the welding properties tend to be lowered. 
     (b) Si: 0.1 to 0.3% 
     Silicon (Si) serves to perform the function of a deacidifying agent, to ensure a good casting properties, and to enhance the resistance to the steam oxidizing characteristics. If the Si content is lower than 0.1%, these functions tend to fail to be performed sufficiently. On the other hand, if the Si content exceeds 0.3%, the toughness is lowered so as to promote the brittleness. 
     (c) Mn: 0.01 to 0.1% or 0.4 to 0.7% 
     Manganese (Mn) serves to perform the function of a desulfurizing agent. If the Mn content is lower than 0.01%, it is difficult to obtain a sufficient desulfurizing effect. On the other hand, if the Mn content exceeds 0.1%, the creep strength tends to be lowered. 
     Where the heat resistant steel casting of the present invention is used as a large and thick part, it is desirable to increase the Mn addition amount because the ferrite forming tendency is increased in the thick portion by the reduction in the cooling rate in the hardening step. In order to suppress completely the ferrite formation in the thick portion, it is necessary to add Mn in an amount not smaller than 0.4%. In this case, the creep strength of the cast steel having Mn added thereto in an amount of at least 0.4% is slightly lower than that of the cast steel having Mn added thereto in an amount of 0.01 to 0.1%. However, it is possible to avoid a marked reduction in the creep strength, if the Mn addition amount is not larger than 0.7%. 
     (d) Cr: 2.0 to 2.5% 
     Chromium (Cr) serves to improve the oxidation resistance and the corrosion resistance and, at the same time, precipitates as a precipitated material contributing to the reinforcement of the precipitation. If the Cr content is lower than 2.0%, these functions tend to fail to be performed sufficiently on the other hand, if the Cr content exceeds 2.5%, the toughness and the texture stability tend to be lowered. 
     (e) Mo: 0.3 to 0.8% 
     Molybdenum (Mo) serves to contribute to the reinforcement of a solid solution and precipitates as a carbide so as to contribute to the reinforcement of the precipitation. If the Mo content is lower than 0.3%, these functions tend to fail to be performed sufficiently. On the other hand, if the Mo content exceeds 0.8%, the toughness tends to be lowered, and the ferrite formation tends to be promoted. 
     (f) W: 1.6 to 2.6% 
     Like Mo, tungsten (W) serves to contribute to the reinforcement of a solid solution and precipitates as a carbide so as to contribute to the reinforcement of the precipitation. If the cast steel contains W together with Mo, the function of reinforcing the solid solution is rendered more prominent. 
     In order to maintain a high W content forming a solid solution over a long period of time, it is necessary for the W content to be at least 1.6%. However, if the w content exceeds 2.6%, the toughness tends to be lowered and the ferrite formation tends to be promoted. 
     (g) B: 0.001 to 0.004% 
     Boron (B) serves to enhance the hardenability and serves to stabilize the carbonitride precipitated in the crystal boundary and in the vicinity thereof even under high temperatures so as to suppress the enlargement and coarsening of the precipitated carbonitride. If the B content is lower than 0.001%, these functions tend to fail to be performed sufficiently. On the other hand, if the B content exceeds 0.004%, the weldability tends to be impaired. 
     (h) N: 0.005 to 0.03% 
     Nitrogen (N) forms a solid solution within the matrix phase so as to contribute to the reinforcement of the solid solution and also forms a nitride or carbonitride so as to contribute to the reinforcement of the precipitation. If the N content is 0.005%, these functions tend to fail to be performed sufficiently. On the other hand, if the N content exceeds 0.03%, the enlargement and coarsening of the nitride or carbonitride are promoted so as to lower the creep strength and to promote formation of large and coarse products. It is more desirable for the N content to fall within a range of between 0.01% and 0.025%. Where the N content falls within the preferred range noted above, the texture can be further stabilized so as to further improve the creep strength. 
     (i) V: 0.23 to 0.3% 
     (i-1) V: 0.23 to 0.27% (Where V is Added Together with Nb or Ti) 
     (i-2) V: 0.25 to 0.3% (Where V is Added Singly) 
     (i-3) V: 0.23 to 0.25% (where V is Added Together With Ti and the Ti Addition Amount is 0.01 to 0.025%) 
     Vanadium (V) is precipitated as a fine carbonitride so as to contribute to the reinforcement of the precipitation. Where V is added together with niobium (Nb) or titanium (Ti) referred to herein later, a carbonitride of Nb or Ti is also formed in addition to the carbonitride of V so as to supplement the function of reinforcing the precipitation performed by the carbonitride of V. In the present invention, V is added in an amount of at least 0.23% in the case where Nb or Ti is added together with V. In this case, it is possible to permit precipitation of carbonitride of V at a high density and in an appropriate amount together with precipitation of carbonitride of Nb or Ti. As a result, it is possible to suppress the restoration. However, if the V content exceeds 0.27% in the case of adding Nb or Ti together with V, the carbonitride of v tends to be unduly enlarged and coarsened. 
     Where V is added together with Ti, it is possible to ensure a sufficient amount of precipitation by suppressing the V content to 0.25% or less and by increasing the Ti content. 
     On the other hand, where V is added singly without adding Nb or Ti, it is necessary to increase the V addition amount, compared with the case where Ti or Nb is added together with V, in order to permit carbonitride of V to be precipitated in an additional amount corresponding to the precipitated amount of carbonitride of Nb or Ti. Therefore, the V content is defined to be 0.25% to 0.3% in the case of adding V singly. 
     (j) Nb: 0.01 to 0.06% 
     Like V described above and like Ti that is to be described herein later, Nb permits precipitation of fine carbonitride so as to contribute to the reinforcement of precipitation. If the Nb content is lower than 0.01%, the function described above tends to fail to be performed sufficiently. If the Nb content exceeds 0.06%, however, large and coarse carbonitride is precipitated in a large amount so as to fail to perform the function of reinforcing the precipitation. 
     (k) Ti: 0.005 to 0.01% or 0.01 to 0.025% 
     Titanium (Ti) performs a deacidifying function and is precipitated as a fine carbonitride so as to contribute to the reinforcement of precipitation. These functions can be performed sufficiently where the Ti content is not lower than 0.005%. However, if the Ti content exceeds 0.01% in the case where V is added together with Ti, large and coarse carbonitride tends to be precipitated in a large amount so as to fail to perform the function of reinforcing the precipitation. 
     However, where the amount of V, which is added together with Ti, is suppressed to 0.25% or less, it is effective to add Ti in an amount exceeding 0.01% because the precipitation reinforcing function of the fine carbonitride is effectively exhibited. 
     (l) Other elements 
     It is desirable for the content of the unavoidable impurities other than the components described above and the main component of Fe to be as low as possible. Particularly, it is unavoidable for the impurity elements such as P, S and Ni to enter the cast steel from the raw materials. It is certainly possible to decrease the contents of these unavoidable impurities by the strict selection of the raw materials and by employment of a highly improved dissolving and steel manufacturing technologies. However, these measures are not recommendable in view of economy. Under the circumstances, the Ni content is set at 0.2% or less, the P content is set at 0.03% or less, and the S content is set at 0.01% or less. 
     Where the heat resistant steel casting of the present invention is used as a large and thick part, it is desirable to increase the Ni addition amount because the ferrite forming tendency is increased in the thick portion by the reduction in the cooling rate in the hardening step. Also, where it is intended to obtain an economical advantage, it is effective to set the limited amount of Ni mixed in the raw material at a high value, though the creep strength tends to be lowered if the Ni amount exceeds 0.5%. Under the circumstances, it is desirable for the Ni amount to be not larger than 0.2% or not larger than 0.5%, for the P amount to be not larger than 0.03%, and for the S amount to be not larger than 0.01%. 
     (m) B +0.5N ≦0.02% 
     B tends to perform reaction with, particularly, N to form boron nitride. The resultant boron nitride remains in the cast lump in the form of a band or a lump so as to deteriorate the mechanical properties. In the present invention, the sum of the boron content and 0.5 time the N content is defined as the B equivalent. The upper limit of the B equivalent is set at 0.02% in the present invention so as to suppress formation of the BN compound. 
     (n) 1.4%≦Mo+0.5W≦2.0% 
     As already described, the function of reinforcing the solid solution is rendered prominent by allowing the cast steel to contain both Mo and W. In the present invention, the sum of the Mo content and 0.5 time the W content is defined as the Mo equivalent, and the Mo equivalent is defined to fall within a range of between 1.4% and 2.0%. Where the Mo equivalent falls within the range noted above, the function of reinforcing the solid solution is rendered prominent, and the ferrite formation can be effectively suppressed. 
     (o) 0.65≦C+Mn/6+Si/24+Ni/40+Cr/5+Mo/15+V/14 
     As already described in conjunction with the C content, in improving the mechanical properties of the thick cast product, it is important to ensure the hardenability and to suppress the ferrite formation. In the present invention, the C content is defined to fall within the range described in item (a). Also, the value obtained from formula (3) of C+Mn/6+Si/24+Ni/40+Cr/5+Mo/15+V/14 is defined as the C equivalent, and the lower limit of the C equivalent is set at 0.65%. As a result, the hardenability can be ensured without impairing the weldability. Also, the ferrite formation can be suppressed. 
     (p) Nb+0.4C≦0.15% 
     It is known to the art that, in the case of adding Nb, large and coarse Nb carbide is precipitated when a large cast lump is coagulated, and that, where the Nb carbide remains in the cast lump, the mechanical properties are adversely affected. In the present invention, the sum of the Nb content and 0.4 time the C content is defined as the Nb equivalent. In the case of adding Nb, the Nb equivalent is defined to be 0.15% or less so as to suppress formation of large and coarse Nb carbide. 
     The heat resistant steel casting of the present invention is a texture in which a M 23 C 6  type carbide, a M 7 C 3  type carbide and an MX type carbonitride are finely precipitated in the matrix phase. In this case, M represents one kind of an element or a combination of at least two kinds of elements selected from the group including Cr, Mo, W, V and Nb, and X represents an element such as C or N. In the present invention, the mass ratio of the precipitated phase consisting of the M 23 C 6  type carbide, M 7 C 3  type carbide and MX type carbonitride is defined to fall within a range of between 0.6 to 1.0%. The reasons for the definition are as follows. 
     Each of the precipitated materials is precipitated in the tempering step included in the manufacturing method. If the ratio of the precipitated phase to the matrix phase is set at 0.6 mass % or less, it is difficult to satisfy both the creep strength and the Charpy impact strength. On the other hand, if the ratio noted above exceeds 1.0 mass %, the elements constituting the MX type carbonitride, which is newly precipitated from the matrix phase during use under high temperatures so as to contribute to the retention of the creep strength, are depleted, making it difficult to stabilize the creep strength characteristics under high temperatures. 
     The heat resistant steel casting of the present invention described above, which is a low alloy cast steel, exhibits excellent characteristics when used as a material of the steam turbine casing and a steam turbine valve body which are exposed to the maximum temperature of 538° C. during the normal operation, and has a creep rupture strength higher than that of the conventional 1% CrMov low alloy heat resistant steel casting. Therefore, if the heat resistant steel casting of the present invention is used for manufacturing a steam turbine casing and a steam turbine valve body, which are exposed to the maximum temperature of 538° C. during the normal operation, it is possible to decrease the thickness of the wall of the vehicle chamber and the valve box. To be more specific, the wall thickness can be decreased to about 75% of the wall thickness in the case of using the conventional 1% CrMoV low alloy heat resistant steel casting. 
     It should also be noted that the heat resistant steel casting of the present invention can be used in place of the conventional high Cr heat resistant steel casting as a material of the steam turbine casing and the steam turbine valve body which are exposed to the maximum temperature of 566° C. during the normal operation. It is also possible to use the heat resistant steel casting of the present invention as a material of the steam turbine casing exposed to the maximum temperature of 593° C. during the normal operation. As a result, the raw material cost can be markedly saved because the heat resistant steel casting of the present invention is a low alloy, though it is necessary to increase the wall thickness by about 25%, compared with the use of the conventional high Cr heat resistant steel casting. It follows that the vehicle chamber and the valve box noted above can be manufactured with a manufacturing cost lower than that in the past. 
     Further, it is possible to use in combination the heat resistant steel casting of the present invention and the conventional high Cr heat resistant steel casting in manufacturing the steam turbine casing that is exposed to the maximum temperature of 593° C. during the normal operation. To be more specific, the heat resistant steel casting of the present invention is used for forming the high temperature steam inlet portion of the steam turbine casing, which is exposed to steam having a temperature of 570° C. or more, and the conventional high Cr heat resistant steel casting or a low alloy heat resistant steel casting for forming the other portions. In this case, the member made of the heat resistant steel casting of the present invention is allowed to abut against and welded to the member made of the conventional high Cr heat resistant steel casting or the low alloy heat resistant steel casting so as to manufacture the desired steam turbine casing. 
     The high Cr heat resistant steel casting used in combination with the heat resistant steel casting of the present invention comprises, for example, C in an amount of 0.12 to 0.16%, Si in an amount of 0.2 to 0.35%, Mn in an amount of 0.5 to 0.7%, Ni in an amount of 0.3 to 0.6%, Cr in an amount of 9.6 to 10.6%, Mo in an amount of 0.7 to 1.0%, V in an amount of 0.2 to 0.35%, Nb in an amount of 0.07 to 0.13%, N in an amount of 0.03 to 0.06%, P in an amount of 0.02% or less, S in an amount of 0.02% or less, Al in an amount of 0.01% or less, and the balance of iron and unavoidable impurities. 
     On the other hand, the low alloy heat resistant steel casting used in combination with the heat resistant steel casting of the present invention comprises, for example, C in an amount of 0.12 to 0.18%, Si in an amount of 0.2 to 0.6%, Mn in an amount of 0.5 to 0.9%, Cr in an amount of 1.0 to 1.5%, Mo in an amount of 0.9 to 1.2%, V in an amount of 0.2 to 0.35%, P in an amount of 0.02% or less, S in an amount of 0.012% or less, Ni in an amount of 0.5% or less, Al in an amount of 0.01% or less, and the balance of iron and unavoidable impurities. 
     How to manufacture the heat resistant steel casting of the present invention will now be described. 
     The method of manufacturing the heat resistant steel casting of the present invention comprises the steps of retaining a cast material comprising C in an amount of 0.15 to 0.30 mass %, Si in an amount of 0.1 to 0.3 mass %, Mn in an amount of 0.01 to 0.1 mass %, Cr in an amount of 2.0 to 2.5 mass %, Mo in an amount of 0.3 to 0.8 mass %, V in an amount of 0.23 to 0.3 mass %, w in an amount of 1.6 to 2.6 mass %, N in an amount of 0.005 to 0.03 mass %, B in an amount of 0.001 to 0.004 mass %, the B equivalent defined by formula (1) below being 0.02 mass % or less, the Mo equivalent defined by formula (2) given below being 1.4 to 2.0 mass %, and the C equivalent defined by formula (3) given below being 0.65 mass % or more, impurity elements including Ni in an amount of 0.2 mass % or less, P in an amount of 0.03 mass % of less, and S in an amount of 0.01 mass %, and the balance of iron and unavoidable impurities, to fall within a temperature range of between 1030° C. and 1070° C., followed by quenching to the heated cast material, and tempering the cast material at 680 to 740° C.: 
     (1) B+0.5N 
     (2) Mo+0.5W 
     (3) C+Mn/6+Si/24+Ni/40+Cr/5+Mo/15+V/14 
     In this case, it is possible to set the V content at 0.23 to 0.27 mass %, to set the Nb content at 0.01 to 0.06 mass %, to set the Nb equivalent defined by formula (4) given below at 0.15% or less, and to perform the tempering step at 720 to 780° C.: 
     (4) Nb+0.4C 
     It is also possible to set the V content at 0.23 to 0.27 mass %, to set the Ti content at 0.005 to 0.01 mass %, and to perform the tempering step at 720 to 780° C. 
     Further, it is possible to set the v content at 0.25 to 0.3 mass %. 
     In the manufacturing method of the present invention, a melt containing components of the specified composition is cast in a sand mold, followed by annealing the resultant ingot. Then, the ingot is subjected to a normalizing treatment (solution treatment). 
     In the cooling step during the casting, V, Ti and Nb remain as large and coarse carbonitride. In the present invention, these large and coarse carbonitrides are dissolved in the austenite matrix by the normalizing treatment. If the temperature during the normalizing treatment is set lower than 1030° C., it is difficult to dissolve the large and coarse carbonitrides in the austenite matrix. On the other hand, if the temperature during the normalizing treatment exceeds 1070° C., the matrix falls outside the austenite single phase region, with the result that the metal texture obtained after the hardening step is rendered nonuniform. Under the circumstances, the temperature in the normalizing step is set to fall within the range of between 1030° C. and 1070° C. 
     After the normalizing treatment, a tempering treatment is applied to the cast material. In the present invention, where v alone is added without adding Ti or Nb, the tempering temperature is set to fall within a range of between 680C and 7400° C. If the tempering temperature is not lower than 680° C., the carbonitride of V can be finely precipitated, and it is possible to ensure a sufficient amount of precipitation. If the tempering temperature exceeds 740° C., however, the precipitation density of the carbonitride of V tends to be lowered. 
     On the other hand, where Ti or Nb is added together with V, the tempering temperature is set to fall within a range of between 720° C. and 780° C. In this case, the carbonitride of Nb or Ti can be finely precipitated, and it is possible to ensure a sufficiently large amount of the precipitation. Where the tempering temperature is lower than 720° C., however, it is difficult to ensure a sufficiently large amount of precipitation of fine carbonitride of Nb or Ti. On the other hand, if the tempering temperature exceeds 780° C., the A 3  transformation temperature is approached or is exceeded. In this case, the texture stability is lowered. Alternatively, the tempering treatment is excessively applied so as to impair the mechanical properties. Under the circumstances, where Ti or Nb is added together with V, the tempering temperature is set to fall within a range of between 720° C. and 780° C. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     Some preferred Examples of the present invention will now be described. 
     EXAMPLE 1 
     Melts of various compositions prepared in an electric furnace were cast in sand molds to obtain various ingots, followed by applying an annealing treatment to each of the ingots and subsequently applying a normalizing treatment and, then, a tempering treatment so as to obtain sample cast steels P1 to P25 and C1 to C9 as shown in Table 1. The normalizing treatment was performed by maintaining the ingot temperature at 1070° C., followed by quenching the ingot with an oil. The tempering temperature was changed depending on the kind of the sample cast steel. Specifically, the tempering temperature was set at 740° C. in the case of the steel samples having V alone added thereto, i.e., P8 to P13, P19 to P25, C1, C6 and C7. Also, the tempering temperature was set at 760° C. in the case of the steel samples having Ti or Nb added thereto together with V, i.e., P1 to P7, P14 to P18, C2 to C5, C8 and C9. The tempering temperatures for steel samples P1 to P25 fall within the range specified in the present invention. On the other hand, the tempering temperatures for steel samples C1 to C25 fail to fall within the range specified in the present invention. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 No. 
                 C 
                 Si 
                 Mn 
                 Cr 
                 Mo 
                 V 
                 W 
                 Ti 
                 Nb 
                 N 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 P1 
                 0.27 
                 0.16 
                 0.02 
                 2.28 
                 0.77 
                 0.23 
                 1.62 
                 — 
                 0.03 
                 0.022 
               
               
                 P2 
                 0.24 
                 0.25 
                 0.05 
                 2.16 
                 0.60 
                 0.25 
                 1.77 
                 — 
                 0.01 
                 0.028 
               
               
                 P3 
                 0.17 
                 0.15 
                 0.01 
                 2.23 
                 0.48 
                 0.23 
                 1.91 
                 — 
                 0.03 
                 0.015 
               
               
                 P4 
                 0.21 
                 0.18 
                 0.09 
                 2.35 
                 0.31 
                 0.27 
                 2.52 
                 — 
                 0.06 
                 0.006 
               
               
                 P5 
                 0.22 
                 0.12 
                 0.04 
                 2.26 
                 0.59 
                 0.23 
                 2.20 
                 — 
                 0.02 
                 0.011 
               
               
                 P6 
                 0.19 
                 0.28 
                 0.04 
                 2.07 
                 0.65 
                 0.26 
                 1.83 
                 — 
                 0.04 
                 0.019 
               
               
                 P7 
                 0.17 
                 0.11 
                 0.02 
                 2.25 
                 0.41 
                 0.26 
                 2.35 
                 — 
                 0.04 
                 0.016 
               
               
                 P8 
                 0.28 
                 0.12 
                 0.05 
                 2.31 
                 0.39 
                 0.24 
                 2.51 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.028 
               
               
                 P9 
                 0.19 
                 0.26 
                 0.02 
                 2.24 
                 0.78 
                 0.25 
                 1.61 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.018 
               
               
                 P10 
                 0.19 
                 0.29 
                 0.08 
                 2.19 
                 0.39 
                 0.23 
                 2.19 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.008 
               
               
                 P11 
                 0.25 
                 0.25 
                 0.09 
                 2.34 
                 0.48 
                 0.23 
                 1.85 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.015 
               
               
                 P12 
                 0.20 
                 0.21 
                 0.05 
                 2.09 
                 0.77 
                 0.27 
                 1.67 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.023 
               
               
                 P13 
                 0.28 
                 0.15 
                 0.08 
                 2.23 
                 0.33 
                 0.26 
                 1.68 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.012 
               
               
                 P14 
                 0.15 
                 0.16 
                 0.04 
                 2.25 
                 0.78 
                 0.23 
                 1.74 
                 0.008 
                 — 
                 0.021 
               
               
                 P15 
                 0.20 
                 0.19 
                 0.02 
                 2.25 
                 0.62 
                 0.25 
                 1.75 
                 0.010 
                 — 
                 0.016 
               
               
                 P16 
                 0.27 
                 0.26 
                 0.05 
                 2.08 
                 0.75 
                 0.24 
                 2.09 
                 0.005 
                 — 
                 0.009 
               
               
                 P17 
                 0.16 
                 0.22 
                 0.09 
                 2.44 
                 0.39 
                 0.23 
                 2.43 
                 0.006 
                 — 
                 0.023 
               
               
                 P18 
                 0.21 
                 0.19 
                 0.05 
                 2.21 
                 0.49 
                 0.23 
                 2.01 
                 0.008 
                 — 
                 0.012 
               
               
                 P19 
                 0.22 
                 0.28 
                 0.04 
                 2.10 
                 0.70 
                 0.28 
                 1.82 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.014 
               
               
                 P20 
                 0.18 
                 0.20 
                 0.05 
                 2.09 
                 0.42 
                 0.26 
                 2.04 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.011 
               
               
                 P21 
                 0.20 
                 0.26 
                 0.01 
                 2.41 
                 0.51 
                 0.28 
                 2.26 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.013 
               
               
                 P22 
                 0.28 
                 0.24 
                 0.02 
                 2.29 
                 0.75 
                 0.30 
                 2.17 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.014 
               
               
                 P23 
                 0.24 
                 0.16 
                 0.02 
                 2.24 
                 0.33 
                 0.26 
                 2.48 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.025 
               
               
                 P24 
                 0.18 
                 0.22 
                 0.05 
                 2.31 
                 0.68 
                 0.29 
                 2.35 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.018 
               
               
                 P25 
                 0.19 
                 0.28 
                 0.10 
                 2.20 
                 0.77 
                 0.25 
                 2.38 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.013 
               
               
                 C1 
                 0.18 
                 0.34 
                 0.62 
                 1.23 
                 1.05 
                 0.26 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.006 
               
               
                 C2 
                 0.14 
                 0.25 
                 0.51 
                 10.1 
                 0.90 
                 0.22 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.09 
                 0.041 
               
               
                 C3 
                 0.32 
                 0.32 
                 0.82 
                 2.27 
                 1.03 
                 0.25 
                 1.02 
                 — 
                 0.05 
                 0.001 
               
               
                 C4 
                 0.13 
                 0.24 
                 0.18 
                 2.15 
                 0.25 
                 0.22 
                 1.91 
                 — 
                 0.05 
                 0.016 
               
               
                 C5 
                 0.11 
                 0.20 
                 0.02 
                 3.11 
                 0.75 
                 0.20 
                 1.78 
                 — 
                 0.04 
                 0.011 
               
               
                 C6 
                 0.16 
                 0.23 
                 0.21 
                 2.31 
                 0.85 
                 0.25 
                 2.64 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.018 
               
               
                 C7 
                 0.06 
                 0.29 
                 0.08 
                 2.06 
                 0.58 
                 0.37 
                 1.82 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.012 
               
               
                 C8 
                 0.20 
                 0.42 
                 0.28 
                 2.25 
                 0.35 
                 0.25 
                 1.62 
                 0.003 
                 — 
                 0.015 
               
               
                 C9 
                 0.08 
                 0.15 
                 0.52 
                 2.08 
                 0.41 
                 0.26 
                 1.76 
                 0.012 
                 — 
                 0.035 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 B 
                 Nb 
                 Mo 
                 C 
               
               
                 No. 
                 B 
                 Ni 
                 P 
                 S 
                 Fe 
                 equivalent 
                 equivalent 
                 equivalent 
                 equivalent 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 P1 
                 0.004 
                 0.11 
                 0.008 
                 0.001 
                 balance 
                 0.015 
                 0.138 
                 1.58 
                 0.807 
               
               
                 P2 
                 0.004 
                 0.15 
                 0.009 
                 0.001 
                 balance 
                 0.018 
                 0.106 
                 1.49 
                 0.752 
               
               
                 P3 
                 0.004 
                 0.15 
                 0.006 
                 0.001 
                 balance 
                 0.012 
                 0.098 
                 1.44 
                 0.674 
               
               
                 P4 
                 0.003 
                 0.03 
                 0.006 
                 0.001 
                 balance 
                 0.006 
                 0.144 
                 1.57 
                 0.743 
               
               
                 P5 
                 0.003 
                 0.15 
                 0.008 
                 0.001 
                 balance 
                 0.009 
                 0.108 
                 1.69 
                 0.743 
               
               
                 P6 
                 0.004 
                 0.15 
                 0.008 
                 0.002 
                 balance 
                 0.014 
                 0.116 
                 1.57 
                 0.688 
               
               
                 P7 
                 0.004 
                 0.09 
                 0.009 
                 0.001 
                 balance 
                 0.012 
                 0.108 
                 1.59 
                 0.676 
               
               
                 P8 
                 0.003 
                 0.11 
                 0.006 
                 0.001 
                 balance 
                 0.017 
                 — 
                 1.65 
                 0.801 
               
               
                 P9 
                 0.001 
                 0.12 
                 0.009 
                 0.001 
                 balance 
                 0.010 
                 — 
                 1.54 
                 0.725 
               
               
                 P10 
                 0.003 
                 0.15 
                 0.007 
                 0.001 
                 balance 
                 0.007 
                 — 
                 1.49 
                 0.702 
               
               
                 P11 
                 0.004 
                 0.15 
                 0.008 
                 0.001 
                 balance 
                 0.012 
                 — 
                 1.41 
                 0.796 
               
               
                 P12 
                 0.002 
                 0.11 
                 0.009 
                 0.001 
                 balance 
                 0.014 
                 — 
                 1.61 
                 0.708 
               
               
                 P13 
                 0.004 
                 0.08 
                 0.006 
                 0.002 
                 balance 
                 0.010 
                 — 
                 1.17 
                 0.788 
               
               
                 P14 
                 0.004 
                 0.15 
                 0.008 
                 0.001 
                 balance 
                 0.015 
                 — 
                 1.65 
                 0.686 
               
               
                 P15 
                 0.004 
                 0.05 
                 0.008 
                 0.001 
                 balance 
                 0.012 
                 — 
                 1.50 
                 0.722 
               
               
                 P16 
                 0.004 
                 0.09 
                 0.009 
                 0.001 
                 balance 
                 0.009 
                 — 
                 1.80 
                 0.775 
               
               
                 P17 
                 0.003 
                 0.11 
                 0.008 
                 0.001 
                 balance 
                 0.015 
                 — 
                 1.61 
                 0.717 
               
               
                 P18 
                 0.003 
                 0.14 
                 0.008 
                 0.001 
                 balance 
                 0.009 
                 — 
                 1.50 
                 0.721 
               
               
                 P19 
                 0.003 
                 0.10 
                 0.009 
                 0.001 
                 balance 
                 0.010 
                 — 
                 1.61 
                 0.728 
               
               
                 P20 
                 0.003 
                 0.09 
                 0.009 
                 0.001 
                 balance 
                 0.009 
                 — 
                 1.44 
                 0.663 
               
               
                 P21 
                 0.002 
                 0.15 
                 0.008 
                 0.001 
                 balance 
                 0.009 
                 — 
                 1.64 
                 0.752 
               
               
                 P22 
                 0.004 
                 0.15 
                 0.008 
                 0.002 
                 balance 
                 0.011 
                 — 
                 1.84 
                 0.827 
               
               
                 P23 
                 0.004 
                 0.15 
                 0.009 
                 0.001 
                 balance 
                 0.017 
                 — 
                 1.57 
                 0.742 
               
               
                 P24 
                 0.004 
                 0.13 
                 0.006 
                 0.001 
                 balance 
                 0.013 
                 — 
                 1.86 
                 0.729 
               
               
                 P25 
                 0.003 
                 0.11 
                 0.009 
                 0.001 
                 balance 
                 0.010 
                 — 
                 1.96 
                 0.730 
               
               
                 C1 
                 — 
                 0.04 
                 0.010 
                 0.003 
                 balance 
                 — 
                 — 
                 1.05 
                 0.633 
               
               
                 C2 
                 — 
                 0.53 
                 0.008 
                 0.001 
                 balance 
                 — 
                 0.146 
                 0.90 
                 2.344 
               
               
                 C3 
                 — 
                 0.11 
                 0.007 
                 0.002 
                 balance 
                 — 
                 0.128 
                 1.54 
                 1.013 
               
               
                 C4 
                 0.007 
                 0.10 
                 0.010 
                 0.001 
                 balance 
                 0.015 
                 0.102 
                 1.21 
                 0.635 
               
               
                 C5 
                 0.007 
                 0.25 
                 0.009 
                 0.002 
                 balance 
                 0.013 
                 0.084 
                 1.64 
                 0.814 
               
               
                 C6 
                 0.010 
                 0.12 
                 0.008 
                 0.001 
                 balance 
                 0.019 
                 — 
                 2.17 
                 0.744 
               
               
                 C7 
                 0.010 
                 0.07 
                 0.009 
                 0.001 
                 balance 
                 0.016 
                 — 
                 1.49 
                 0.564 
               
               
                 C8 
                  0.0005 
                 0.12 
                 0.008 
                 0.002 
                 balance 
                 0.008 
                 — 
                 1.16 
                 0.758 
               
               
                 C9 
                 0.005 
                 0.11 
                 0.008 
                 0.001 
                 balance 
                 0.023 
                 — 
                 1.29 
                 0.638 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Test pieces were taken from the steel samples for measuring the tensile strength at room temperature. The tensile strength was found to fall within a range of between 720 and 770 MPa, supporting that the cast steel samples were substantially equal to each other in the tensile strength under room temperature. 
     Also, other test pieces were taken from the steel samples for applying a creep rupture test under heating at 600° C. and with a creep test at 600° C.-147MPa so as to measure the creep rupture time leading to rupture of the test piece. Further, V-notch Charpy impact test pieces (JIS No. 4) were taken from the cast steel samples and a Charpy impact test was applied to the samples at 20° C. The results of these evaluating tests are shown in Table 2. Table 2 also shows the actually measured values of the tensile strength (MPa) under room temperature of the cast steel samples. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 2 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Tensile strength 
                 Creep rupture 
                 Absorbed 
               
               
                   
                   
                 at room 
                 time at 600° C.- 
                 energy 
               
               
                   
                 No. 
                 temperature (MPa) 
                 147 MPa (hour) 
                 at 20° C. (J) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Sample 1 
                 P1 
                 728 
                 4610 
                 72 
               
               
                 Sample 2 
                 P2 
                 740 
                 4486 
                 56 
               
               
                 Sample 3 
                 P3 
                 730 
                 4892 
                 85 
               
               
                 Sample 4 
                 P4 
                 732 
                 5119 
                 75 
               
               
                 Sample 5 
                 P5 
                 737 
                 4236 
                 75 
               
               
                 Sample 6 
                 P6 
                 735 
                 4765 
                 72 
               
               
                 Sample 7 
                 P7 
                 740 
                 4923 
                 63 
               
               
                 Sample 8 
                 P8 
                 722 
                 3527 
                 58 
               
               
                 Sample 9 
                 P9 
                 738 
                 3422 
                 85 
               
               
                 Sample 10 
                 P10 
                 725 
                 3796 
                 68 
               
               
                 Sample 11 
                 P11 
                 737 
                 4025 
                 75 
               
               
                 Sample 12 
                 P12 
                 731 
                 3651 
                 92 
               
               
                 Sample 13 
                 P13 
                 728 
                 3368 
                 55 
               
               
                 Sample 14 
                 P14 
                 718 
                 3960 
                 52 
               
               
                 Sample 15 
                 P15 
                 733 
                 3887 
                 70 
               
               
                 Sample 16 
                 P16 
                 736 
                 3796 
                 65 
               
               
                 Sample 17 
                 P17 
                 740 
                 4006 
                 70 
               
               
                 Sample 18 
                 P18 
                 736 
                 3623 
                 65 
               
               
                 Sample 19 
                 P19 
                 731 
                 5238 
                 78 
               
               
                 Sample 20 
                 P20 
                 725 
                 4716 
                 89 
               
               
                 Sample 21 
                 P21 
                 733 
                 5047 
                 82 
               
               
                 Sample 22 
                 P22 
                 738 
                 6327 
                 65 
               
               
                 Sample 23 
                 P23 
                 740 
                 4926 
                 70 
               
               
                 Sample 24 
                 P24 
                 738 
                 4755 
                 75 
               
               
                 Sample 25 
                 P25 
                 736 
                 5108 
                 80 
               
               
                 Sample 26 
                 C1 
                 735 
                  512 
                 29 
               
               
                 Sample 27 
                 C2 
                 770 
                 9313 
                 48 
               
               
                 Sample 28 
                 C3 
                 740 
                  684 
                 35 
               
               
                 Sample 29 
                 C4 
                 728 
                 1756 
                 80 
               
               
                 Sample 30 
                 C5 
                 733 
                 2978 
                 82 
               
               
                 Sample 31 
                 C6 
                 722 
                 3524 
                 34 
               
               
                 Sample 32 
                 C7 
                 745 
                 2460 
                 120  
               
               
                 Sample 33 
                 C8 
                 737 
                 2128 
                 80 
               
               
                 Sample 34 
                 C9 
                 742 
                 2820 
                 35 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     As shown in Table 2, the cast steels of samples 1 to 25 (steels P1 to P25) were found to have a long creep rupture time of 3368 to 6327 hours, to have a high impact absorption energy of 52 to 92 J, to have excellent creep strength characteristics, and to have excellent toughness. On the other hand, the cast steels of sample 26 (steel C1), sample 28 (steel C3) and sample 34 (steel C9) were found to have short creep rupture time of 512 hours, 684 hours, and 2820 hours, respectively, and to have a low impact absorption energy of 29J, 35J and 35J, respectively, and found to be inferior in each of the creep strength characteristics and the toughness. Also, the cast steels of sample 27 (steel C2) and sample 31 (steel C6), which certainly exhibited a long creep rupture time of 9312 hours and 3524 hours, respectively, were found to have a low impact absorption energy of 48J and 34J, respectively, and also found to be inferior in the toughness. Further, the cast steels of sample 29 (steel C4), sample 30 (steel C5), sample 32 (steel C7) and sample 33 (steel C8), which certainly exhibited a high impact absorption energy of 80J, 82J, 120J, and 80J, respectively, were found to have a short creep rupture time of 1756 hours, 2978 hours, 2460 hours and 2128 hours, respectively, indicating that the cast steels of these samples were inferior in the creep strength characteristics. 
     As described above, the temperature for the normalizing treatment is defined to fall within a predetermined range, and the tempering temperature is also defined to fall within a predetermined range in the method of the present invention for manufacturing a heat resistant steel casting. It has now been clarified that, where the normalizing treatment and the tempering treatment are performed under temperatures falling within the ranges specified in the present invention, steels P1 to P25 (samples 1 to 25) having a composition falling within the range specified in the present invention exhibit a tensile strength under room temperature substantially equal to that of steels C1 to C9 (samples 27 to 34) having a composition failing to fall within the range specified in the present invention. In addition, steel kinds P1 to P25 exhibit both excellent creep strength characteristics and excellent toughness. 
     EXAMPLE 2 
     In manufacturing cast steels of steel P3 (addition of both V and Nb), steel kind P11 (addition of V alone), steel P15 (addition of both V and Ti), and steel P20 (addition of V alone), the temperature for the normalizing treatment and the tempering temperature were changed in various fashions as shown in Table 3. 
     The texture of each of the resultant cast steels were observed so as to examine the ferrite formation and large precipitates. Further, the Charpy impact test was conducted at 20° C. as in Example 1 so as to examine the impact absorption energy (J). Table shows the results. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 3 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Large 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 precipitate 
               
               
                   
                 Normalizing 
                   
                 Tempering 
                   
                 undissolved 
                 Absorbed 
               
               
                   
                 temperature 
                   
                 temperature 
                 Ferrite 
                 in solid 
                 energy at 
               
               
                   
                 (° C.) 
                 No. 
                 (° C.) 
                 formation 
                 solution 
                 20° C. (J) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Sample 35 
                 1020 
                 P3 
                 730 
                 None 
                 Present 
                 70 
               
               
                 Sample 36 
                 1020 
                 P11 
                 700 
                 None 
                 Present 
                 45 
               
               
                 Sample 37 
                 1020 
                 P15 
                 700 
                 None 
                 Present 
                 40 
               
               
                 Sample 38 
                 1020 
                 P20 
                 730 
                 None 
                 Present 
                 72 
               
               
                 Sample 39 
                 1050 
                 P3 
                 700 
                 None 
                 None 
                 45 
               
               
                 Sample 40 
                 1050 
                 P3 
                 730 
                 None 
                 None 
                 70 
               
               
                 Sample 41 
                 1050 
                 P3 
                 770 
                 None 
                 None 
                 85 
               
               
                 Sample 42 
                 1050 
                 P3 
                 800 
                 None 
                 None 
                 15 
               
               
                 Sample 43 
                 1050 
                 P11 
                 670 
                 None 
                 None 
                 27 
               
               
                 Sample 44 
                 1050 
                 P11 
                 730 
                 None 
                 None 
                 68 
               
               
                 Sample 45 
                 1050 
                 P11 
                 770 
                 None 
                 None 
                 75 
               
               
                 Sample 46 
                 1050 
                 P11 
                 800 
                 None 
                 None 
                 12 
               
               
                 Sample 47 
                 1050 
                 P15 
                 670 
                 None 
                 None 
                 25 
               
               
                 Sample 48 
                 1050 
                 P15 
                 730 
                 None 
                 None 
                 58 
               
               
                 Sample 49 
                 1050 
                 P15 
                 770 
                 None 
                 None 
                 75 
               
               
                 Sample 50 
                 1050 
                 P15 
                 800 
                 None 
                 None 
                 12 
               
               
                 Sample 51 
                 1050 
                 P20 
                 700 
                 None 
                 None 
                 48 
               
               
                 Sample 52 
                 1050 
                 P20 
                 730 
                 None 
                 None 
                 76 
               
               
                 Sample 53 
                 1050 
                 P20 
                 770 
                 None 
                 None 
                 89 
               
               
                 Sample 54 
                 1050 
                 P20 
                 800 
                 None 
                 None 
                 15 
               
               
                 Sample 55 
                 1080 
                 P3 
                 730 
                 Formed 
                 None 
                 72 
               
               
                 Sample 56 
                 1080 
                 P11 
                 700 
                 Formed 
                 None 
                 48 
               
               
                 Sample 57 
                 1080 
                 P15 
                 700 
                 Formed 
                 None 
                 42 
               
               
                 Sample 58 
                 1080 
                 P20 
                 730 
                 Formed 
                 None 
                 79 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     In samples 35 to 38 (steels P3, P11, P15, P20), in which the normalizing treatment was carried out at 1020° C. that is lower than the lower limit of the temperature range specified in the present invention, a coarse precipitates were found, though ferrite formation was not observed in these samples. On the other hand, in samples 55 to 58 (steels P3, P11, P15, P20), in which the normalizing treatment was carried out at 1080° C. higher than the upper limit of the temperature range specified in the present invention, the ferrite formation was found, though coarse precipitates were not found. It has been found that samples 35 to 38 and 55 to 58, which certainly exhibited a high impact absorption energy, were nonuniform in texture and inferior in mechanical properties other than the toughness. 
     Sample 39 (steel P3), sample 43 (steel P3), sample 47 (steel P11) and sample 51 (steel P15), in which the normalizing treatment was carried out at 1050° C. falling within the temperature range specified in the present invention and the tempering treatment was carried out under the heating temperature lower than the lower limit of the range specified in the present invention, were found to have a low impact absorption energy of 45J, 27J, 25J and 48J, respectively, supporting that these samples were poor in toughness, though the ferrite formation and a coarse precipitates were not found. Also, sample 42 (steel P3), sample 46 (steel P11), sample 50 (steel P15) and sample 54 (steel P20), in which the normalizing treatment was carried out at 1050° C. falling within the temperature range specified in the present invention and the tempering treatment was carried out at the heating temperature higher than the upper limit specified in the present invention, were found to have a very low impact absorption energy of 15J, 12J, 12J, and 15J, respectively, supporting that these samples were very poor in the toughness, though the ferrite formation and the coarse precipitates were not found. 
     On the other hand, sample 40 (steel P3), sample 41 (steel P3), sample 44 (steel sample 45 (steel P11), sample 48 (steel P15), sample 49 (steel P15), sample 52 (steel P20) and sample 53 (steel P20), in which the normalizing treatment was carried out at 1050° C. falling within the temperature range specified in the present invention and the tempering treatment was carried out under the heating temperature falling within the range specified in the present invention, were found to form a uniform bainite texture, in which the ferrite formation and coarse precipitates were not found, and also found to have a high impact absorption energy of 70J, 85J, 68J, 75J, 58J, 75J and 89J, respectively, supporting an excellent toughness. As apparent from the experimental data, a cast steel having a composition falling within the range specified in the present invention, having a normalizing treatment applied thereto at temperature falling within the range specified in the present invention is free from coarse precipitates not forming a solid solution, permits suppressing the ferrite formation so as to exhibit a uniform texture, and exhibits satisfactory mechanical properties. 
     EXAMPLE 3 
     In this Example, cast steels of the steel kinds P3, P11, P15 and P20 shown in Table 1 were manufactured with the temperature for the normalizing treatment set at 1050° C. while changing in various fashions the heating temperature for the tempering treatment. 
     The mass of the test piece taken from the resultant sample cast steel was measured in advance. Then, the test piece was dipped in a methanol solution containing 10% by volume of acetyl acetone and 1% by volume of tetramethyl ammonium chloride, followed by dissolving the matrix phase in the methanol solution by electrolysis. The residue was recovered and the mass of the recovered residue was measured. Further, the mass of the matrix phase was obtained by subtracting the mass of the residue from the mass of the test piece before the dipping in the methanol solution. Still further, the mass ratio of the precipitated phase to the matrix phase was calculated by dividing the mass of the residue by the mass of the matrix phase. 
     Also, the creep rupture test and the Charpy impact test were conducted as in Example 1,except that the stress was set at 196 MPa, so as to examine the creep rupture time and the impact absorption energy. Table 4 shows the results. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 4 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Ratio of precipitated 
                 Creep rupture 
                 Absorbed 
               
               
                   
                   
                 phase to matrix 
                 time at 600° C.- 
                 energy 
               
               
                   
                 No. 
                 phase (mass %) 
                 196 MPa (hours) 
                 at 20° C. (J) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Sample 59 
                 P 3 
                 0.55 
                 1803 
                 25 
               
               
                 Sample 60 
                 P 3 
                 0.63 
                 1721 
                 65 
               
               
                 Sample 61 
                 P 3 
                 0.75 
                 1656 
                 70 
               
               
                 Sample 62 
                 P 3 
                 0.92 
                 1023 
                 85 
               
               
                 Sample 63 
                 P 3 
                 1.05 
                  597 
                 115  
               
               
                 Sample 64 
                 P11 
                 0.49 
                 1451 
                 27 
               
               
                 Sample 65 
                 P11 
                 0.64 
                 1292 
                 68 
               
               
                 Sample 66 
                 P11 
                 0.88 
                 1201 
                 96 
               
               
                 Sample 67 
                 P11 
                 1.03 
                  424 
                 150  
               
               
                 Sample 68 
                 P15 
                 0.58 
                 1389 
                 25 
               
               
                 Sample 69 
                 P15 
                 0.69 
                 1338 
                 58 
               
               
                 Sample 70 
                 P15 
                 0.81 
                 1243 
                 75 
               
               
                 Sample 71 
                 P15 
                 0.95 
                 1033 
                 80 
               
               
                 Sample 72 
                 P15 
                 1.10 
                  289 
                 135  
               
               
                 Sample 73 
                 P20 
                 0.51 
                 1562 
                 28 
               
               
                 Sample 74 
                 P20 
                 0.71 
                 1486 
                 76 
               
               
                 Sample 75 
                 P20 
                 0.95 
                 1178 
                 92 
               
               
                 Sample 76 
                 P20 
                 1.08 
                  480 
                 120  
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     In the cast steels of sample 59 (steel P3; tempering temperature of 690° C.), sample 64 (steel P11; tempering temperature of 660° C.), sample 68 (steel P15; tempering temperature of 670° C.), sample 73 (steel P20; tempering temperature of 670° C.), in which the tempering temperature was lower than the lower limit of the range specified in the present invention, the mass ratios of the precipitated phase to the matrix phase were found to be 0.55 mass %, 0.49 mass %, 0.58 mass % and 0.51 mass %, respectively. Clearly, these mass ratios were lower than the lower limit of the range specified in the present invention. Also, the cast steels of these samples 59, 64, 68 and 73 were found to have a long creep rupture time of 1830 hours, 1451 hours, 1389 hours, and 1562 hours, respectively, supporting an excellent creep strength characteristics. However, the impact absorption energies of the cast steels of these samples 59, 64, 68 and 73 were found to have impact absorption energies of 25J, 27J, 25J and 28J, respectively, supporting a very poor toughness. 
     Also, in the cast steels of sample 63 (steel P3; tempering temperature of 790° C.), sample 67 (steel P11; tempering temperature of 780° C.), sample 72 (steel P15; tempering temperature of 790° C.), sample 76 (steel P20; tempering temperature of 780° C.), in which the tempering temperature was higher than the upper limit of the range specified in the present invention, the mass ratios of the precipitated phase to the matrix phase were found to be 1.05 mass %, 1.03 mass %, 1.10 mass % and 1.08 mass %, respectively. Clearly, these mass ratios were higher than the upper limit of the range specified in the present invention. Also, the cast steels of these samples 63, 67, 72 and 76 were found to have impact absorption energies of 115J, 150J, 135J and 120J, respectively, supporting an excellent toughness. However, the cast steels of these samples 63, 67, 72 and 76 were found to have a very short creep rupture time of 597 hours, 424 hours, 289 hours and 480 hours, respectively, supporting very poor creep strength characteristics. 
     On the other hand, in the cast steels of samples 60 to 62 (steel P3; tempering temperature of 720° C., 730° C. and 770° C., respectively), samples 65 and 66 (each of steels P11;tempering temperature of 730° C. and 740° C., respectively), samples 69 to 71 (each of steels P15; tempering temperature of 730° C., 770° C. and 775° C., respectively), and samples 74 and 75 (each of steels P20; tempering temperature of 730° C. and 740° C., respectively), in which the tempering temperature fell within the range specified in the present invention, the mass ratios of the precipitated phase to the matrix phase were found to be 0.63 mass %, 0.75 mass %, 0.92 mass %, 0.64 mass %, 0.88 mass %, 0.69 mass %, 0.81 mass %, 0.95 mass %, 0.71 mass %, and 0.95 mass %, respectively. Clearly, these mass ratios fall within the range specified in the present invention. Also, the cast steels of these samples 60 to 62, 65, 66, 69 to 71, 74 and 75 were found to have a long creep rupture time of 1721 hours, 1656 hours, 1023 hours, 1292 hours, 1201 hours, 1338 hours, 1243 hours, 1033 hours, 1486 hours and 1178 hours, respectively, and to have a high impact absorption energy of 65J, 70J, 8J, 68J, 96J, 58J, 75J, 80J, 76J and 92J, supporting excellent creep strength characteristics and excellent toughness. 
     EXAMPLE 4 
     Melts of various compositions prepared in an electric furnace were cast in sand molds to obtain an ingot of sample cast steels P26 to P33 and C10 to C12 as shown in Table 5. The normalizing treatment was performed by maintaining the cast lump temperature at 1040° C. falling within the temperature range specified in the present invention, followed by applying an air cooling to the cast lump. The tempering temperature was changed depending on the kind of the sample cast steel. Specifically, the tempering temperature was set at 730° C. in the case of the steel samples having V alone added thereto, i.e., P26 to P29, C10 to C12. Also, the tempering temperature was set at 740° C. in the case of the steel samples having both V and Ti added thereto, i.e., P30 to P33. The tempering temperatures for steel samples P26 to P33 fall within the range specified in the present invention. On the other hand, the tempering temperatures for steel samples C10 to C12 fail to fall within the range specified in the present invention. 
     Test pieces were taken from the steel samples for measuring the tensile strength at room temperature. The tensile strength was found to fall within a range of between 720 and 770 MPa, supporting that the cast steel samples were substantially equal to each other in the tensile strength under room temperature. Further, V-notch Charpy impact test pieces (JIS No. 4) were taken from the cast steel samples and a Charpy impact test was applied to the samples at 20° C. so as to examine the impact absorption energy (J). 
     Also, other test pieces were taken from the cast steel samples for applying a creep rupture test at 600° C.-147 MPa so as to measure the creep rupture time leading to rupture of the test piece. The ferrite formation was not recognized in the central portion of the test piece having a thickness of 500 mm. Table 6 shows the results of the evaluations described above. 
     As shown in Table 6, the cast steels of samples 77 to 84 (steel kinds P26 to P33) were found to have a long creep rupture time of 3189 to 4301 hours, to have a high impact absorption energy of 72 to 96J, to have excellent creep strength characteristics, and to have excellent toughness. On the other hand, the cast steels of sample 85 (steel kind C10), sample 86 (steel kind C11) and sample 87 (steel kind C12) were found to have short creep rupture time of 2145 hours, 2196 hours, and 2098 hours, respectively, supporting that these samples were poor in the creep strength characteristics, though these samples were found to have a high impact absorption energy of 120J, 98J and 105J, respectively. 
     Then, the cast steel having a composition of P30 was subjected to the normalizing treatment as in Example 3,followed by recovering the extraction residue from the normalized steel by changing in various fashions the heating temperature in the step of the tempering heat treatment so as to calculate a ratio in mass of the precipitated phase to the matrix phase after the tempering treatment. Table 7 shows the results. 
     The cast steel of sample 88, in which the tempering temperature was set at 690° C. that was lower than the lower limit of the temperature range specified in the present invention, was found to have 0.52% of a mass ratio of the precipitated phase to the matrix phase, which was lower than the lower limit of the range specified in the present invention. It has also been found that the cast steel of sample 88, which certainly exhibited a long creep rupture time of 1722 hours, exhibits a markedly low impact absorption energy of 29 J, supporting that the cast steel was poor in impact resistance. 
     Also, the cast steel of sample 91,in which the tempering temperature was set at 790° C. that was higher than the upper limit of the temperature range specified in the present invention, was found to have 1.10% of a mass ratio of the precipitated phase to the matrix phase, which was higher than the upper limit of the range specified in the present invention. It has also been found that the cast steel of sample 91,which certainly exhibited an excellent impact absorption energy of 150J, supporting an excellent impact resistance, exhibits a markedly short creep rupture time of 508 hours, supporting that the cast steel was very poor in the creep strength. 
     On the other hand, in the cast steels of sample 89 (tempering temperature of 720° C.) and sample 90 (tempering temperature of 740° C.), in which the tempering temperatures were set to fall within the range specified in the present invention, were found to have 0.65% and 0.89%, respectively, of a mass ratio of the precipitated phase to the matrix phase, excellent creep strength characteristics (1690 hours and 1329 hours, respectively), and an excellent impact resistance (72J and 95J, respectively). 
     As described above, it has been found that, in manufacturing a heat resistant steel casting with the temperature for the normalizing treatment set to fall within a predetermined temperature range and with the tempering temperature set to fall within a predetermined temperature range, steel samples P26 to P33 each having the composition adjusted to fall within the range specified in the present invention do not give rise to the ferrite formation even in the thick portion and exhibit the tensile strength at room temperature substantially equal to that of steel samples C10 to C12 each having the composition adjusted not to fall within the range specified in the present invention. In addition, steel samples P26 and P33 noted above have been found to exhibit both excellent creep strength characteristics and excellent toughness. 
     As described above in detail, the present invention provides a heat resistant steel casting exhibiting excellent mechanical properties under an environment in which a high temperature steam flows and excellent in economy and a method of manufacturing the particular heat resistant steel casting. Therefore, the steam turbine casing or the steam turbine valve body prepared by using the heat resistant steel casting of the present invention exhibits a high reliability even under severe high temperature steam conditions, thereby producing prominent effects. For example, the present invention contributes to the improvements in the performance, the operability and the economy of the steam turbine. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 5 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 No. 
                 C 
                 Si 
                 Mn 
                 Cr 
                 Mo 
                 V 
                 W 
                 Ti 
                 N 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 P26 
                 0.17 
                 0.27 
                 0.43 
                 2.22 
                 0.52 
                 0.26 
                 1.99 
                 — 
                 0.008 
               
               
                 P27 
                 0.16 
                 0.18 
                 0.68 
                 2.19 
                 0.70 
                 0.28 
                 1.76 
                 — 
                 0.006 
               
               
                 P28 
                 0.17 
                 0.20 
                 0.45 
                 2.09 
                 0.55 
                 0.27 
                 2.01 
                 — 
                 0.006 
               
               
                 P29 
                 0.19 
                 0.25 
                 0.51 
                 2.31 
                 0.32 
                 0.28 
                 2.35 
                 — 
                 0.006 
               
               
                 P30 
                 0.21 
                 0.24 
                 0.62 
                 2.08 
                 0.75 
                 0.24 
                 1.81 
                 0.019 
                 0.008 
               
               
                 P31 
                 0.16 
                 0.16 
                 0.52 
                 2.24 
                 0.32 
                 0.23 
                 2.45 
                 0.024 
                 0.007 
               
               
                 P32 
                 0.15 
                 0.22 
                 0.45 
                 2.25 
                 0.68 
                 0.25 
                 2.03 
                 0.013 
                 0.008 
               
               
                 P33 
                 0.18 
                 0.18 
                 0.07 
                 2.20 
                 0.75 
                 0.24 
                 2.17 
                 0.022 
                 0.009 
               
               
                 C10 
                 0.16 
                 0.19 
                 0.35 
                 2.18 
                 0.88 
                 0.29 
                 1.72 
                 — 
                 0.010 
               
               
                 C11 
                 0.17 
                 0.22 
                 0.79 
                 2.10 
                 0.98 
                 0.27 
                 0.81 
                 — 
                 0.009 
               
               
                 C12 
                 0.17 
                 0.18 
                 0.42 
                 2.25 
                 0.65 
                 0.27 
                 1.61 
                 — 
                 0.014 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 B 
                 Nb 
                 Mo 
                 C 
               
               
                 No. 
                 B 
                 Ni 
                 P 
                 S 
                 Fe 
                 equivalent 
                 equivalent 
                 equivalent 
                 equivalent 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 P26 
                 0.003 
                 0.24 
                 0.008 
                 0.001 
                 balance 
                 0.007 
                 — 
                 1.52 
                 0.756 
               
               
                 P27 
                 0.002 
                 0.30 
                 0.009 
                 0.001 
                 balance 
                 0.005 
                 — 
                 1.58 
                 0.793 
               
               
                 P28 
                 0.003 
                 0.36 
                 0.008 
                 0.001 
                 balance 
                 0.006 
                 — 
                 1.56 
                 0.736 
               
               
                 P29 
                 0.003 
                 0.47 
                 0.008 
                 0.002 
                 balance 
                 0.006 
                 — 
                 1.50 
                 0.801 
               
               
                 P30 
                 0.004 
                 0.18 
                 0.008 
                 0.002 
                 balance 
                 0.008 
                 — 
                 1.66 
                 0.811 
               
               
                 P31 
                 0.004 
                 0.20 
                 0.009 
                 0.001 
                 balance 
                 0.008 
                 — 
                 1.55 
                 0.744 
               
               
                 P32 
                 0.004 
                 0.24 
                 0.006 
                 0.001 
                 balance 
                 0.008 
                 — 
                 1.70 
                 0.753 
               
               
                 P33 
                 0.003 
                 0.48 
                 0.009 
                 0.001 
                 balance 
                 0.008 
                 — 
                 1.84 
                 0.718 
               
               
                 C10 
                 0.001 
                 0.72 
                 0.009 
                 0.002 
                 balance 
                 0.006 
                 — 
                 1.74 
                 0.760 
               
               
                 C11 
                 0.002 
                 0.35 
                 0.010 
                 0.002 
                 balance 
                 0.007 
                 — 
                 1.39 
                 0.824 
               
               
                 C12 
                 0.001 
                 0.59 
                 0.008 
                 0.001 
                 balance 
                 0.008 
                 — 
                 1.46 
                 0.775 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 6 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Tensile strength at 
                 Creep rupture 
                 Absorbed 
               
               
                   
                   
                 room temperature 
                 time at 600° C.- 
                 energy 
               
               
                   
                 No. 
                 (N/mm 2 ) 
                 147 MPa (hour) 
                 at 20° C. (J) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Sample 77 
                 P26 
                 738 
                 3936 
                 72 
               
               
                 Sample 78 
                 P27 
                 731 
                 3428 
                 96 
               
               
                 Sample 79 
                 P28 
                 730 
                 3307 
                 95 
               
               
                 Sample 80 
                 P29 
                 742 
                 3189 
                 85 
               
               
                 Sample 81 
                 P30 
                 752 
                 4055 
                 72 
               
               
                 Sample 82 
                 P31 
                 735 
                 4301 
                 85 
               
               
                 Sample 83 
                 P32 
                 739 
                 4028 
                 85 
               
               
                 Sample 84 
                 P33 
                 725 
                 4227 
                 72 
               
               
                 Sample 85 
                 C10 
                 728 
                 2145 
                 120  
               
               
                 Sample 86 
                 C11 
                 733 
                 2196 
                 98 
               
               
                 Sample 87 
                 C12 
                 737 
                 2098 
                 105  
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 7 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Amount of 
                 Creep rup- 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 precipitation 
                 ture time at 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Tempering 
                 after 
                 600° C.- 
                 Absorbed 
               
               
                   
                   
                 temperature 
                 tempering 
                 196 MPa 
                 energy at 
               
               
                   
                 No. 
                 (° C.) 
                 (mass %) 
                 (hour) 
                 20° C. (J) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Sample 88 
                 P30 
                 690 
                 0.52 
                 1722 
                 29 
               
               
                 Sample 89 
                 P30 
                 720 
                 0.65 
                 1690 
                 72 
               
               
                 Sample 90 
                 P30 
                 740 
                 0.89 
                 1329 
                 95 
               
               
                 Sample 91 
                 P30 
                 790 
                 1.10 
                  508 
                 150  
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Additional advantages and modifications will readily occur to those skilled in the art. Therefore, the invention in its broader aspects is not limited to the specific details and representative embodiments shown and described herein. Accordingly, various modifications may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the general inventive concept as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.