Abstract:
A regulating circuit for a quartz crystal oscillator-based timepiece is capable of compensating for large deviations in oscillation frequency of the quartz crystal oscillator. A frequency divider sequentially divides the reference clock by one-half. A regulation data setting circuit sets logical regulation data used to compensate for deviations in the oscillation frequency of the oscillator from a desired value. A regulation circuit adjusts the frequency dividing ratio of the frequency dividing circuit based on the logical regulation data in accordance with a predetermined cycle and controls in such a manner that the frequency of a divided output signal of the frequency divider has a predetermined frequency. When the frequency of the divided output signal cannot coincide with the predetermined frequency using the set logical regulation data, the range of adjustment is shifted using data set in a switch during production of the timepiece.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to a logical lose-gain circuit, for performing fine adjustment of time precision and to an electronic device such as an electronic watch that achieves high time precision by using the-logical lose-gain circuit. 
     Conventionally, there has been adopted a method for performing a regulating or logical lose-gain operation in accordance with one cycle of a frequency division clock using a circuit such as shown in FIG. 6, in order to compensate for the deviation of in oscillation frequencies due to uneven quality of quartz oscillators used as master oscillation of an oscillation circuit. 
     The logical lose-gain operation will now be briefly described with reference to FIG. 6, which is a circuit diagram, and FIG. 7, which is a timing chart. A reference clock a output from a quartz oscillator 601 is input to a frequency division circuit comprised of seven by T flip-flops (which will be referred to as TFFs hereinafter) 602 to 608 to be sequentially frequency-divided. When the logical lose-gain operation is not being performed, the clock a is sequentially subjected to precise 1/2 frequency division as shown by a section extending from a timing A to another timing B in FIG. 7. 
     Outputs from OR gates 609 to 612 which receive a logical lose-gain control signal VCWX and logical lose-gain data signals VCWD1 to VCWD4 are connected to set inputs SX of the TFFs 603 to 606, and an output of an OR gate 613 to which VCWD5 and VCWX are input is connected with reset inputs RX of the TFFs 607 and 608. 
     The logical lose-gain operation is usually performed at 10-second intervals and, at such times this time, a pulse signal VCWX at a &#34;L&#34; level is generated in synchronism with a first transition of a Q output of the TFF 607 at the timing B in FIG. 7. A pulse width of the signal VCWX is half of a cycle of a reference clock. When predetermined ones of the TFFs 603 to 608 are forcibly preset by the &#34;L&#34; level pulse signal VCWX, a predetermined quantity of the logical lose-gain operation is carried out. 
     For example, if lose-gain data VCDW1 to VCWD5 are at &#34;L&#34;, &#34;OH&#34;, &#34;H&#34;, &#34;H&#34; and &#34;H&#34; levels, respectively, output signals c, d, e, f and g of the OR gates 609 to 612 are output in synchronism with the signal VCWX at &#34;L&#34;, &#34;H&#34;, &#34;H&#34;, &#34;H&#34; and &#34;H&#34; levels, respectively. The &#34;L&#34; level pulse signal is applied to the set input SX of the TFF 603, and the Q output of the TFF 603 is forcibly turned to the &#34;H&#34; level (timing B). 
     Since a frequency division clock &#34;b&#34; of the TFF 602 is continuously input to the TFF 603. The Q output signal of the TFF 603 displays its next transition at a timing C shown in FIG. 7, and the regular 1/2 frequency division is thereafter carried out. 
     With this operation, one section for the Q output from the TFF 603 at &#34;L&#34; level, i.e., a time corresponding to one cycle of the frequency division clock of the TFF 602 is omitted. As viewed from the timing at which the first transition of the Q output signal from the TFF 606 is demonstrated, the signal should have shown its first transition at a timing E in FIG. 7, but it actually displays its first transition at a timing D in FIG. 7. Therefore, the lose-gain operation was consequently carried out for a time corresponding to one cycle of the Q output from the TFF 602 in the advance direction. 
     It has been known that the logical lose-gain operation in delay or advance direction is carried out by adequately adjusting the operating state of the frequency division circuit at a predetermined timing in accordance with the above-described method. 
     In the prior art lose-gain method, since the lose-gain range or lose-gain resolution is determined by the number of signal lines included in as the logical lose-gain data input means, a large amount of quartz oscillators having oscillation frequencies that deviate beyond the lose-gain range of the logical lose-gain circuit are generated when that unevenness in quality of quartz oscillators produced by a given manufacturing process is large. 
     For example, when a quartz oscillator of 32 kHz is used, frequency-dividing stages for outputting 8 kHz, 4 kHz, 2 kHz, 1 kHz and 512 Hz are controlled by five logical lose-gain data signals to perform the logical lose-gain operation, and the lose-gain range corresponds to ±8.4375 sec/day (±97.665 PPM). The quartz oscillator having the oscillation frequency deviation beyond this range can not, therefore, be compensated by the above-mentioned logical lose-gain circuit, and the yield of the quartz oscillator is disadvantageously decreased. 
     When enlarging the lose-gain range by the prior art logical lose-gain method, it is possible to adopt a method by which a number of logical lose-gain data signals are increased, but a number of input terminals of an IC must be increased and a space of the IC is thereby greatly enlarged, which leads to the problem of incresed cost. 
     Further, when enlarging the lose-gain range without increasing a number of lose-gain signals by the prior art logical lose-gain method, since the lose-gain resolution is lowered, it is difficult to make an adjustment to obtain a predetermined rate. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     It is an object of the present invention to realize a logical lose-gain circuit having a large adjustment range without increasing a number of terminals of an IC for regulating the frequency dividing ratio of a frequency divider, so that a quartz oscillator having a large oscillation frequency deviation can be adjusted. 
     It is another object of the present invention to increase the yield of quartz oscillators by using a logical lose-gain circuit having a large adjustment range. 
     In order to eliminate the above problems, in one aspect of the present invention, a logical lose-gain circuit is provided which comprises an oscillating means for outputting a reference clock, a frequency-dividing means for receiving and sequentially frequency-dividing the reference clock, a logical lose-gain data setting means for setting predetermined logical lose-gain data, a logical lose-gain means for operating a state of the frequency dividing means at predetermined periods based on the logical lose-gain data set in the logical lose-gain data setting means, and a logical lose-gain shift means for arbitrarily shifting a lose-gain range of the logical lose-gain means. 
     Further, in another aspect of the present invention, an electronic device having a logical lose-gain circuit is constituted by an oscillating means for outputting a reference clock, a frequency dividing means for receiving and sequentially frequency-dividing the reference clock to generate a time reference signal, a logical lose-gain data setting means for setting predetermined logical lose-gain data, and a logical lose-gain means for controlling the frequency dividing means based on the logical lose-gain data set in the logical lose-gain data setting means at predetermined periods to adjust the time precision of the time reference signal. In addition, logical lose-gain shift means are included for shifting a lose-gain range of the logical lose-gain means to shift an adjustment range for time precision of the time reference signal, a display driving means is provided for outputting a display drive output signal based on the time reference signal output from the frequency dividing means, and a display means is provided for receiving the display drive output signal to display time information. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram showing an example of a basic configuration according to the present invention; 
     FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram showing an embodiment of a logical lose-gain circuit according to the present invention; 
     FIG. 3 is a view showing lose-gain modes and lose-gain ranges of the embodiment of the logical lose-gain circuit according to the present invention; 
     FIGS. 4(a) and 4(b) are timing charts for the logical lose-gain operation of the embodiment of the logical lose-gain circuit according to the present invention; 
     FIG. 5 is a view showing an example of the oscillation frequency distribution of the quartz crystal and the logical lose-gain range; 
     FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram showing a prior art logical lose-gain circuit; and 
     FIG. 7 is a timing chart for the logical lose-gain operation of a prior art logical lose-gain circuit. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     An embodiment having the above-described configuration according to the present invention will now be described with reference to FIG. 1. An oscillating means 1 having an oscillator such as a quartz crystal as a master oscillation outputs a reference clock, and a frequency dividing means 2 sequentially subjects the reference clock to 1/2 frequency division. A logical lose-gain data setting means 3 sets logical lose-gain data to compensate for a deviation of the oscillation frequency of the oscillator by a logical circuit. A logical lose-gain means 4 controls a state of the frequency dividing means 2 based on the thus-set logical lose-gain data at predetermined periods and controls the frequency dividing means 2 in such a manner that a cycle of a frequency division output signal of the frequency dividing means 2 coincides with a predetermined cycle. A logical lose-gain shift means 5 shifts a logical lose-gain range in accordance with an oscillation frequency characteristic when the cycle of the frequency division output signal can not coincide with a predetermined cycle based on the set logical lose-gain data. With this logical lose-gain shift means 5, a quartz oscillator group having a large deviation of oscillation frequencies, that was heretofore difficult to adjust and had a low yield, can now be adjusted by the logical lose-gain operation. 
     Determining the frequency division output signal of the frequency dividing means 2 as a time reference signal, a display driving means 6 generates a display drive output signal for driving a display means 7 such as an analog or optical display unit such as a liquid crystal display unit or a light-emitting diode, based on the time reference signal. In accordance with such an arrangement, it is possible to obtain an electronic device such as an electronic watch that can precisely adjust time information such as current time or elapsed time by a means like a logical circuit. 
     Referring to FIG. 2, a quartz oscillating circuit 293 outputs a reference clock signal. In this embodiment, a frequency of the reference clock is 32 kHz. 
     A frequency dividing circuit 298 is constituted by 10 stages of TFFs 201 to 210. In order to synthesize a control signal for operating a display drive circuit or the like, a few stages of TFFs are actually connected to a rear side of the TFF 210, but they are omitted herein. 
     A logical lose-gain circuit 299 receives signals of VCWD1 to VCWD5 output from a logical lose-gain data holding circuit 294 and VCWX that is a control signal synthesized from an output signal of the frequency dividing circuit 298, and outputs logical lose-gain operation signals S8KX, S4KX, S2KX and S1KX for presetting the TFFs 202 to 210 in the frequency dividing circuit 298 and logical lose-gain shift signals S512X, S256X, S128X and R64X in synchronism with VCWX when one or more of signals VCWD1 to VCWD5 are at a &#34;L&#34; level. 
     A mask option switch 297 is constituted by input signals VCWH, VCWL, VCWPZ and VCWPZX and logical lose-gain shift signals S512X, S256X, S128X and R64X. Each signal line of the logical lose-gain shift signals S512X, S256X, S128X and R64X is connected to one signal line of input signals VCWH, VCWL, VCWPZ and VCWPZX in the IC manufacturing process. 
     FIG. 3 shows modes of the lose-gain range that can be selected by the connection method for the mask option switch 297. A lose-gain amount is shown with 8.4375 sec/day as a unit. In case of a mode A, the lose-gain range corresponds to units of ±1 (±8.4375 sec/day) and is equal to the lose-gain range described in connection with the prior art configuration. Further, it is possible to arbitrarily set the lose-gain range from a mode K of -6 through -4 units to a mode F of +4 through +6 units in accordance with dispersion in frequencies of quartz oscillators by adequately selecting the mask option switch 297. 
     For example, when the signal lines of the logical lose-gain shift signals S512X, S256X, S128X and R64X are all connected to a signal line of VCWPZ as indicated by solid circles in the mask option switch 297, the lose-gain range corresponds to the mode A in FIG. 3. Furthermore, when the signal lines of the logical lose-gain shift signals S512X, S256X, S128X and R64X are connected to the signal lines of the input signals VCWPZX, VCWH, VCWL and VCWH, respectively, as indicated by hollow circles in the mask option switch 297, the lose-gain range corresponds to the mode F in FIG. 3. 
     FIGS. 4(a) and 4(b) are timing charts for the logical lose-gain operation in the present embodiment, wherein FIG. 4(a) shows the case where the lose-gain range corresponds to the mode A and the logical lose-gain data signals VCWD1, VCWD2, VCWD3 and VCWD4 are at &#34;H&#34;, &#34;H&#34;, &#34;L&#34; and &#34;L&#34; levels, respectively. With respect to the logical lose-gain data signals, values set from a non-illustrated external terminal or the like are held by the logical lose-gain data holding circuit 294 shown in FIG. 2. 
     As to the signal VCWX, a pulse at &#34;L&#34; level is input at a timing A synchronized with a first transition of Q64 at 10-second periods. A logical circuit block 295 is constituted by OR gates 211,212, 213 and 214 and outputs data of the signals VCWD1, VCWD2, VCWD3 and VCWD4 as logical lose-gain operation signals S8KX, S4KX, S2KX and S1KX, respectively, in synchronism with the signal VCWX. The logical circuit block 296 is made up of OR gates 215 and 216 and a NAND gate 217, and outputs data of the signal VCWD5 as VCWPZ and an inverted value of data of the signal VCWD5 as VCWPZX in synchronism with the signal VCWX. The VCWL outputs the &#34;L &#34; level in synchronism with the signal VCWX, and the VCWH is constantly at a &#34;H&#34; level. 
     The logical lose-gain shift signals S512X, S256X, S128X and R64X output any one of the signals VCWH, VCWL, VCWPZ and VCWPZX, respectively, in accordance with the connection state of the mask option switch 297. When the logical lose-gain operation signals S8KX, S4KX, S2KX and S1KX and the logical lose-gain shift signals S512X, S256X and X128X output pulse signals at a &#34;L&#34; level, the TFFs 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207 and 208 are preset, while when the R64X outputs a pulse signal at a &#34;L&#34; level, the TFFs 209 and 210 are reset to perform the logical lose-gain operation. 
     For example, in case of the mode A where the logical lose-gain data signals VCWD1, VCWD2, VCWD3, VCWD4 and VCWD5 are at &#34;H&#34;, &#34;H&#34;, &#34;L&#34;, &#34;L&#34; and &#34;H&#34; levels, respectively, and the mask option switch is set in such a manner that the logical lose-gain shift signals S512X, X256X, S128X and R64X are all connected with the VCWPZ, the logical lose-gain operation is performed in accordance with a timing chart illustrated in FIG. 4(a). That is, the TFFs 204 and 205 are set by the pulse signal VCWX of &#34;L&#34; level that is output in synchronism with a first transition (timing A) of Q64 in FIG. 4(a), and the Q2K and Q1K enter &#34;H&#34; level. The regular frequency division operation is thereafter continued and Q64 shows its last transition at the timing B. 
     Moreover, in case of the mode F where the logical lose-gain shift signals S512X, S256X, S128X and R64X are connected to VCWPZX, VCWH, VCWL and VCWH, respectively, the logical lose-gain operation is carried out in accordance with the timing chart of FIG. 4(b). In other words, TFFs 206 and 208 are set simultaneously with TFFs 204 and 205 by the pulse signal VCWX of &#34;L&#34; level that is output in synchronism with a first transition (timing C) of Q64 in FIG. 4(b), and Q512 and Q128, as well as Q2K and Q1K, are turned to uHm level. The regular frequency division operation is thereafter continued and Q64 displays its last transition at the timing D. 
     In this case, the last transition obtained at the timing D is ahead of that at the timing B by five cycles, and this difference corresponds to a shift amount of the lose-gain ranges of the mode A and the mode F. 
     FIG. 5 is a view showing a distribution of the oscillation frequencies of the quartz oscillator group obtained during a regular manufacturing process. In accordance with the distribution of the oscillation frequencies, when a quartz oscillator having a oscillation frequency being out of the logical lose-gain range in one of the illustrated logical lose-gain modes is adjusted in another logical lose-gain mode, use of such a quartz oscillator that can not be used in the prior art configuration is enabled. As a result, availability of the quartz oscillator can be improved and reduction in the overall cost can be realized. 
     The present invention has the above-described structure, and it has, therefore, such advantages as mentioned below. Since the logical lose-gain range can be shifted by the logical lose-gain shift means in accordance with the distribution of the oscillation frequencies of the quartz oscillators, nearly all of the quartz oscillators can be adjusted even when using a quartz oscillator group having a large deviation in oscillation frequencies caused by uneven quality generated during the manufacturing process, thereby reducing the overall cost. 
     In addition, when the logical lose-gain shift means is incorporated into an IC, a function for shifting the logical lose-gain range can be realized by using the mask option switch without increasing a number of terminals of the IC, and a space of the IC can be hence prevented from increasing, hence realizing the low cost.