Abstract:
Integrated circuit memory systems include a nonvolatile memory device having an array of nonvolatile memory cells therein and a memory controller, which is electrically coupled to the nonvolatile memory device. The memory controller is configured to apply signals to the nonvolatile memory device that cause the nonvolatile memory device to modify how data is read from the array of nonvolatile memory cells. This modification occurs in response to detecting an increase in an age of the nonvolatile memory device. The age of the nonvolatile memory device may be determined by keeping a count of how many times the nonvolatile memory device has undergone a program/erase cycle.

Description:
REFERENCE TO PRIORITY APPLICATION 
       [0001]    This application claims priority to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2010-0016724, filed Feb. 24, 2010, the contents of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference. 
       FIELD 
       [0002]    The present disclosure relates to semiconductor memory devices and, more specifically, an access method of a memory system including a nonvolatile memory device and a memory controller. 
       BACKGROUND 
       [0003]    Semiconductor memory devices are memory devices that are made of semiconductors materials such as silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), gallium arsenide (GaAs), and indium phosphide (InP). In general, semiconductor memory devices are classified into volatile memory devices and nonvolatile memory devices. 
         [0004]    Volatile memory devices lose their stored data when their power supplies are interrupted. Volatile memory devices include static random access memory (SRAM) and dynamic random access memory (DRAM). Nonvolatile memory devices retain their stored data even when their power supplies are interrupted. Nonvolatile memory devices include a read only memory (ROM), a programmable ROM (PROM), an electrically programmable ROM (EPROM), an electrically erasable and programmable ROM (EEPROM), a flash memory device, a phase-change RAM (PRAM), a magnetic RAM (MRAM), a resistive RAM (RRAM), and a ferroelectric RAM (FRAM). Flash memory devices are categorized as two types, i.e., NOR type and NAND type. 
         [0005]    In the early stage, a flash memory device can store two states (1 bit) in a single memory cell. With the advance in technology, two bits or more can be stored in a single memory cell. That is, a multi-media cell (MLC) technology has been developed to store more data in a limited cell. However, with the shrinkage of processes, sizes of memory cells are reduced and coupling between the memory cells is increased, which can deteriorate dispersion characteristics of the memory cells and increase non-uniformity of the memory cells. In addition, if program/erase operations are repeated, dispersion characteristics of the memory cells are further degraded and may limit lifetime of a flash memory. 
         [0006]    SUMMARY 
         [0007]    Integrated circuit memory systems according to embodiments of the invention include a nonvolatile memory device having an array of nonvolatile memory cells therein and a memory controller, which is electrically coupled to the nonvolatile memory device. The memory controller is configured to apply signals to the nonvolatile memory device that cause the nonvolatile memory device to modify how data is read from the array of nonvolatile memory cells, in response to detecting an increase in an age of the nonvolatile memory device. The age of the nonvolatile memory device may be determined by keeping a count of how many times the nonvolatile memory device has undergone a program/erase cycle. 
         [0008]    According to some embodiments of the invention, the memory controller is configured to apply first signals to the nonvolatile memory device that cause the nonvolatile memory device to read first data from a first row of memory cells in the array of nonvolatile memory cells and perform error checking and correction (ECC) operations on the first data. The memory controller may also be configured to apply second signals to the nonvolatile memory device that cause the nonvolatile memory device to reread the first data from the first row of memory cells in the array of nonvolatile memory cells, in response to detecting an excessive number of errors in the first data during the error detection/correction operations. These second signals are configured to increase an accuracy of the rereading of the first data from the first row of memory cells relative to the first signals. For example, the second signals may be applied to the nonvolatile memory device to cause a rereading of the first data and also cause the reading of “coupling” data from cells that are immediately adjacent the first row of memory cells. This coupling data may then be utilized to assess the reliability of the first data during the error checking and correction operations. 
         [0009]    According to still further embodiments of the invention, a method of operating a nonvolatile memory device is provided, which includes reading first data from a first row of nonvolatile memory cells in a nonvolatile memory array and performing a first error checking operation on the first data to detect a presence of at least one error therein. Additional steps are also performed to read second data from a plurality of nonvolatile memory cells in a second row of the nonvolatile memory array, which is immediately adjacent the first row. This step of reading the second data is performed in response to detecting errors in the first data when the first error checking operation is performed. Following the reading of the second data, a second error checking operation is performed on the first data. This second error checking operation uses the second data to influence how the second error checking operation interprets the first data. 
         [0010]    These methods may also include reading third data from a third row of nonvolatile memory cells in the nonvolatile memory array and performing a third error checking operation on the third data to detect a presence of any error therein. Any errors in the third data may then be corrected using an error correction algorithm. The reading of the second data may also be performed in response to detecting errors in the first data that cannot be corrected using the error correction algorithm. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0011]    The inventive concept will become more apparent in view of the attached drawings and accompanying detailed description. The embodiments depicted therein are provided by way of example, not by way of limitation, wherein like reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements. The drawings are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon illustrating aspects of the inventive concept. 
           [0012]      FIG. 1  illustrates an affect resulting from coupling of peripheral memory cells. 
           [0013]      FIG. 2  is a graphic diagram illustrating change of reliability and read performance depending on a program/erase cycle. 
           [0014]      FIG. 3  is a block diagram of a nonvolatile memory device according to the inventive concept. 
           [0015]      FIG. 4  is a graphic diagram illustrating an access method of a memory system according to the inventive concept. 
           [0016]      FIG. 5  is a flowchart illustrating an access operation of a memory system according to an embodiment of the inventive concept. 
           [0017]      FIG. 6  is a flowchart illustrating an access operation of a memory system according to another embodiment of the inventive concept. 
           [0018]      FIG. 7  is a graphic diagram illustrating a threshold voltage distribution of a memory cell depending on a program/erase cycle. 
           [0019]      FIG. 8  is a graphic diagram showing that an error resulting from cell characteristics illustrated in  FIG. 7  is prevented by changing an initial voltage and an ISPP stepping voltage of an ISPP voltage. 
           [0020]      FIG. 9  is a block diagram of a memory system according to the inventive concept. 
           [0021]      FIG. 10  is a block diagram of a computing system including the memory system shown in  FIG. 9 . 
           [0022]      FIG. 11  is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of an SSD system including a nonvolatile memory device according to the inventive concept. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS 
       [0023]    The inventive concept will now be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which preferred embodiments of the inventive concept are shown. However, the inventive concept may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the inventive concept to those skilled in the art. Like numbers refer to like elements throughout. 
         [0024]    A nonvolatile memory device and a memory system including the same will be used as examples to describe the advantages and features of the inventive concept. It should be noted, however, that the inventive concept is not limited to the following exemplary embodiments, and may be implemented in various forms. Accordingly, the exemplary embodiments are provided only to disclose the inventive concept and let those skilled in the art know the category of the inventive concept. 
         [0025]      FIG. 1  illustrates an affect resulting from coupling of peripheral memory cells. Referring to  FIG. 1 , a memory cell V is affected by coupling of peripheral memory cells A 1 , A 2 , and A 3 . The coupling causes threshold voltage distribution characteristics of the memory cell V to be deteriorated. As the threshold voltage distribution characteristics are deteriorated, stored data may be changed. As a result, reliability of a nonvolatile memory device can be degraded. Moreover, physical characteristics of a memory cell may be varied with the repetition of program/erase operations. Due to the variation in the physical characteristics of a memory cell, the memory cell encounters a reliability-related problem. 
         [0026]    In order to overcome the above-mentioned disadvantages, data stored in peripheral memory cells are referred to during a read operation of a memory cell. A read method of a read-target memory cell is determined with reference to the data stored in peripheral memory cells. For example, a data error may be compensated by changing the magnitude of a read voltage or repeatedly reading a memory cell. This operation may be referred to as a reliability improvement operation. Due to the reliability improvement operation, reliability of the nonvolatile memory device may be improved. 
         [0027]      FIG. 2  is a graphic diagram illustrating change of reliability and read performance depending on a program/erase cycle. Referring to  FIG. 2 , reliability of a nonvolatile memory device is lowered as program/erase operations are repeatedly performed. This is, as described above with reference to  FIG. 1 , because physical characteristics of a memory cell may be varied. Generally, reliability of a nonvolatile memory device is lowered with the increase of a program/erase cycle. In contrast, read conditions are determined to ensure maximum lifetime. For example, if a program/erase cycle of a nonvolatile memory device is limited to 5000, initial read conditions are established to solve a reliability problem which occurs in the case that program/erase operations are practically performed 5000 times (“A”). The initial read conditions continue to be applied until the program/erase cycle of the nonvolatile memory device reaches a limited count. Thus, as shown in  FIG. 2 , read performance is constantly maintained. 
         [0028]    A lifetime limit of a nonvolatile memory device is determined with reference to a program/erase cycle. Accordingly, a memory system performs a reliability improvement operation until a program/erase cycle reaches a limited program/erase cycle. Disadvantageously, reading time increases because a reliability improvement operation is always performed even when characteristics of a memory cell are good. 
         [0029]      FIG. 3  is a block diagram of a nonvolatile memory device  100  according to the inventive concept. As illustrated, the nonvolatile memory device  100  includes a memory cell array  110 , an address decoder  120 , a read &amp; write circuit  130 , a data input/output (I/O) circuit  140 , and a control logic  150 . The memory cell array  110  is connected to the address decoder  120  through wordlines WL and connected to the read &amp; write circuit  130  through bitlines BL. The memory cell array  110  includes a plurality of memory cells. As an example, memory cells arranged in a row direction are connected to wordlines WL, and memory cells arranged in a column direction are connected to bitlines BL. As an example, the memory cell array  110  is configured to store one or more bits per cell. 
         [0030]    The address decoder  120  is connected to the memory cell array  110  through wordlines WL. The address decoder  120  is configured to operate in compliance with the control of the control logic  150 . The address decoder  120  externally receives an address ADDR. The address decoder  120  is configured to decode a row address among the received address ADDR. The address decoder  120  selects wordlines WL by using the decoded row address ADDR. The address decoder  120  is configured to decode a column address among the received address ADDR. The decoded column address is transferred to the read &amp; write circuit  130 . As an example, the address decoder  120  includes well-known elements such as a row decoder, a column decoder, and an address buffer. 
         [0031]    The read &amp; write circuit  130  is connected to the memory cell array  110  through bitlines BL and connected to the data I/O circuit  140  through data lines DL. The read &amp; write circuit  130  operates in compliance with the control of the control logic  150 . The read &amp; write circuit  130  is configured to receive a decoded column address from the address decoder  120 . The read &amp; write circuit  130  selects bitlines BL by using the decoded column address. 
         [0032]    As an example, the read &amp; write circuit  130  receives data from the data I/O circuit  140  and writes the received data into the memory cell array  110 . The read &amp; write circuit  130  reads out data from a first storage region of the memory cell array  110  and writes the read-out data into a second storage region of the memory cell array  110 . As an example, the read &amp; write circuit  130  is configured to perform a copy-back operation. 
         [0033]    As an example, the read &amp; write circuit  130  includes well-known elements such as a page buffer (or page register) and a column selection circuit. As another example, the read &amp; write circuit  130  includes well-known elements such as a sense amplifier, a write driver, and a column selection circuit. 
         [0034]    The data I/O circuit  140  is connected to the read &amp; write circuit  130  through data lines DL. The data I/O circuit  140  operates in compliance with the control of the control logic  150 . The data I/O circuit  140  is configured to exchange data DATA with an external entity. The data I/O circuit  140  is configured to transfer the external data DATA to the read &amp; write circuit  130  through the data lines DL. The data I/O circuit  140  is configured to output the data DATA transferred through the data lines DL to the external entity. As an example, the data I/O circuit  140  includes well-known elements such as a data buffer. 
         [0035]    The control logic  150  is connected to the address decoder  120 , the read &amp; write circuit  130 , and the data I/O circuit  140 . The control logic  150  is configured to control an overall operation of the nonvolatile memory device  100 . The control logic  150  operates in response to an externally transferred control signal CTRL. 
         [0036]    The control logic  150  includes a program/erase cycle counter  160 , which is configured to count a program/erase cycle per memory block of the nonvolatile memory device  100 . As an example, the program/erase cycle counter  160  is implemented in a digital circuit, an analog circuit or any combination thereof. As another example, the program/erase cycle counter  160  is implemented in software executed in the control logic  150 . As further another example, the program/erase cycle  160  is implemented in combination of hardware and software. 
         [0037]      FIG. 4  is a graphic diagram illustrating an access method of a memory system according to the inventive concept. Referring to  FIG. 4 , the access method is divided into a plurality of periods based on a program/erase cycle. According to the inventive concept, a reliability improvement operation is selectively performed depending on a program/erase cycle. For instance, the reliability improvement operation is not performed when the program/operation cycle is small. On the other hand, the reliability improvement operation is performed when the program/operation cycle is great. 
         [0038]    The term “reliability improvement operation” used herein means that read conditions are set to accurately read data stored in a memory cell in consideration of variation in characteristics of the memory cell. For instance, a reliability improvement operation may be a coupling compensation operation. The coupling compensation operation is an operation to set read conditions in consideration of an affect resulting from coupling between adjacent memory cells. However, since additional time is required to perform the reliability improvement operation, read performance is degraded by the reliability improvement operation. 
         [0039]    According to the inventive concept, a reliability improvement operation is not performed when a program/erase cycle is small. This is because reliability of a nonvolatile memory device is high when a program/erase cycle is small. Therefore, data may be accurately read without additionally performing a reliability improvement operation. As a result, speed of a read operation is enhanced because the reliability improvement operation is not performed when the program/erase cycle is small. On the other hand, a reliability improvement operation is performed when a program/erase cycle is great. This is because reliability of a nonvolatile memory device is relatively low when a program/erase cycle is great. Therefore, an additional reliability improvement operation is required to accurately read data. As a result, the reliability of a nonvolatile memory device is improved by performing the reliability improvement operation when the program/erase cycle is great. 
         [0040]    Returning to  FIG. 4 , a reliability improvement operation is not performed because a program/erase cycle is small in the initial stage. Thus, read performance may be improved. As the program/erase cycle increases, an enhanced reliability improvement operation is performed. The enhanced reliability improvement operation allows the lifetime of a nonvolatile memory device to be extended. As can be seen in  FIG. 4 , due to the enhanced reliability improvement operation, read performance is lowered but limited lifetime is extended (“B”). While a plurality of periods have been described in this embodiment, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the scope of the inventive concept will not be limited thereto. The number of periods may vary randomly, and a reference program erase cycle classifying the respective periods may also vary randomly. 
         [0041]      FIG. 5  is a flowchart illustrating an access operation of a memory system according to an embodiment of the inventive concept. When a read command is received from a host (S 101 ), a logical address LBA and a sector size are extracted from the read command to determine whether a program/erase cycle of a corresponding memory block is less than a first reference (S 102 ). If the program/erase cycle is less than the first reference, data and parity stored in a nonvolatile memory device are read out depending on read conditions decided by a first step of a reliability improvement operation (S 104 ). An ECC engine detects whether a read error is correctable using the read-out data and parity (S 105 ). If the read error is correctable, it is corrected (S 106 ). When the read error is corrected, a read operation is completed. When the read error is not corrected, a second step of the reliability improvement operation is performed (S 108 ). 
         [0042]    If the program/erase cycle is not less than the first reference, it is determined whether the program/erase cycle is less than a second reference (S 107 ). If the program/erase cycle is less than the second reference, the second step of the reliability improvement operation is performed (S 108 ). Data and parity stored in the nonvolatile memory device are read out depending on read conditions decided by the second step of the reliability improvement operation (S 109 ). The ECC engine detects whether the read error is correctable using the read-out data and parity (S 110 ). If the read error is correctable, it is corrected (S 106 ). When the read error is corrected, a read operation is completed. When the read error is not corrected, a third step of the reliability improvement operation is performed (S 111 ). 
         [0043]    If the program/erase cycle is not less than the second reference, the third step of the reliability improvement operation is performed (S 111 ). Data and parity stored in the nonvolatile memory device are read out depending on read conditions decided by the third step of the reliability improvement operation (S 112 ). The ECC engine detects whether the read error is correctable using the read-out data and parity (S 113 ). If the read error is correctable, it is corrected (S 106 ). When the read error is corrected, a read operation is completed. When the read error is not corrected, error correction is failed or another error correction operation may be performed (S 114 ). 
         [0044]    While a reliability improvement operation divided into first to third steps have been described in this embodiment, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the scope of the inventive concept is not limited thereto. The reliability improvement operation is not limited thereto and may be divided into various steps. 
         [0045]      FIG. 6  is a flowchart illustrating an access operation of a memory system according to another embodiment of the inventive concept. In a first step of a reliability improvement operation, a read operation is performed while a coupling compensation function in a nonvolatile memory device is in an OFF state (S 203 ). Reliability may be improved by a coupling compensation operation performed by the nonvolatile memory device. However, the coupling compensation operation results in a burden of reading even a memory cell of a peripheral page to delay read time. Accordingly, because reliability is high in the initial stage where a program/erase cycle is small, a coupling compensation function is not used. 
         [0046]    In a second step of the reliability improvement operation, a read operation is performed while the coupling compensation function in the nonvolatile memory device is in an ON state (S 208 ). The coupling compensation of the nonvolatile memory device is conducted to read not only a memory cell of a target page but also data stored in a memory cell of a peripheral page. Thus, an accurate value of the target page is read out. As the coupling compensation function in the nonvolatile memory device is laid in the ON state, reliability of the nonvolatile memory device is improved. 
         [0047]    In a third step of the reliability improvement operation, a read operation is performed while the coupling compensation function in the nonvolatile memory device is in an OFF state and a coupling compensation function of a memory controller is in an ON state (S 211 ). The coupling compensation by the memory controller may require more time because a value of a target page is analogized by reading not only memory cells of a peripheral page but also the whole block. However, the reliability of the nonvolatile memory device is significantly improved. While a reliability improvement operation divided into first to third steps has been described in this embodiment, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the inventive concept is not limited thereto. 
         [0048]      FIG. 7  is a graphic diagram illustrating a threshold voltage distribution of a memory cell depending on a program/erase cycle. Referring to  FIG. 7 , threshold voltage distribution characteristics become worse as a program/erase cycle increases from 0 to 3000. With the repetition of program/erase operations, physical characteristics may be degraded to trap electrons and prevent ejection of the trapped electrons. In addition, electrons may be ejected through an insulator. These characteristics may cause lots of errors when programming is conducted in an initial set manner. In  FIG. 8 , an initial voltage of an ISPP voltage and an ISPP stepping voltage may be changed to prevent an error resulting from the cell characteristics described in  FIG. 7 . 
         [0049]      FIG. 9  is a block diagram of a memory system  200  according to the inventive concept. As illustrated, the memory system  200  includes a memory controller  220  and a nonvolatile memory device  100 . The memory controller  220  includes a processor  222 , an SRAM  221 , a host interface  223 , an ECC circuit  224 , a memory interface  225 , a bus  226 , a program/erase cycle manager  227 , and a buffer memory  228 . The nonvolatile memory device  100  and the memory controller  220  may be incorporated in one storage device. The storage device includes portable storage devices such as a USB memory and memory cards (MMC, SD card, xD card, CF card, SIM card, etc.). Moreover, the storage device may be used in a host (not shown) such as a computer, a notebook computer, a digital camera, a mobile phone, an MP3 player, a portable multimedia player (PMP), and a game machine while being connected thereto. 
         [0050]    The nonvolatile memory device  100  may perform an erase operation, a write operation or a read operation in compliance with the control of the memory controller  220 . The memory interface  225  is used to transmit/receive a command, an address, and data to/from the nonvolatile memory device  100 . That is, the memory interface  225  provides a read command and an address during a read operation and provides a write command, an address, and data during a write operation. The host interface  223  is used to receive a request for a write or read operation from a host or provide data in response to the request of the host. 
         [0051]    The ECC circuit  224  generates a parity bit (or ECC data) using data transmitted to the nonvolatile memory device  100 . The generated parity bit is stored in a spare area of the nonvolatile memory device  100 . The ECC circuit  224  detects an error of data read out of the nonvolatile memory device  100 . If the detected error lies within a correction range, the ECC circuit  224  corrects the detected error. According to a memory system, the ECC circuit  224  may be disposed inside or outside the memory controller  220 . 
         [0052]    The processor  222  is configured to control a read operation or a write operation of the nonvolatile memory device  100  in response to the request of the host. The buffer memory  228  may temporarily store data read out of the nonvolatile memory device  100  or data provided from the host. In addition, the buffer memory  222  may be used to drive firmware such as a flash translation layer (FTL). The FTL is operated by the processor  222 . The buffer memory  228  may be configured using a DRAM or an SRAM. 
         [0053]    The buffer memory  228  may store table information required to manage read error information. The table information is meta data, which is stored in a meta area of the nonvolatile memory device  100  under control of the processor  220 . On power-up, the table information is copied to the buffer memory  228  from the meta area. Although not shown in the figures, the memory system  300  may further include a ROM (not shown) storing code data for interfacing with the host. 
         [0054]    The memory system  200  according to an embodiment of the inventive concept may include a nonvolatile memory device  100  having an all bitline configuration and a memory controller  220  for controlling the nonvolatile memory device  100 . 
         [0055]    The nonvolatile memory device  100  may read a memory cell connected to an even bitline or an odd bitline while sensing a memory cell connected to an odd bitline or an even bitline. Moreover, the nonvolatile memory device  100  may perform a program operation in the unit of all bitlines and a read operation in the unit of an odd bitline or an even bitline. 
         [0056]    In addition, depending on an operation mode, the nonvolatile memory device  100  performs a read operation in the unit of all bitlines or a read operation in the unit of an odd bitline or an even bitline. The operation mode may be decided through a read command, a mode register or a fuse option. The read command is provided from the memory controller  220 . The mode register may be included in the nonvolatile memory device  100  or the memory controller  220 . 
         [0057]    The memory controller  220  may provide a column address for selecting an even bitline (or an odd bitline) after providing a column address for selecting an odd bitline (or an even bitline), during a read operation. 
         [0058]    The program/erase cycle manager  227  decides a reliability improvement method to be applied to the nonvolatile memory device  100  in response to a program/erase cycle from the nonvolatile memory device  100 . For example, the program/erase cycle manager  227  may apply an enhanced reliability improvement method to the nonvolatile memory device  100  when the program/erase cycle of the nonvolatile memory device  100  is great. 
         [0059]      FIG. 10  is a block diagram of a computing system  300  including the memory system  200  shown in  FIG. 9 . As illustrated, the computing system  300  includes a central processing unit (CPU)  310 , a random access memory (RAM)  320 , a user interface  330 , a power supply  340 , and the memory system  200 . 
         [0060]    The memory system  200  is electrically connected to the CPU  310 , the RAM  320 , the user interface  330 , and the power supply  340  through a system bus  350 . Data provided through the user interface  330  or data processed by the CPU  310  is stored in the memory system  200 . The memory system  200  includes a controller  220  and a nonvolatile memory device  100 . 
         [0061]    As shown in  FIG. 10 , the nonvolatile memory device  100  is connected to the system bus  350  through the memory controller  220 . However, the nonvolatile memory device  100  may be configured to be directly connected to the system bus  350 . In this case, the functions of the controller  220  described with reference to  FIG. 9  are implemented by the processor  310 . 
         [0062]    The nonvolatile memory device  100  and/or the memory controller  220  may be mounted using various types of packages. For example, the nonvolatile memory device  100  and/or the memory controller  220  may be packaged using packages such as PoP (Package on Package), Ball grid arrays (BGAs), Chip scale packages (CSPs), Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier (PLCC), Plastic Dual In-Line Package (PDIP), Die in Waffle Pack, Die in Wafer Form, Chip On Board (COB), Ceramic Dual In-Line Package (CERDIP), Plastic Metric Quad Flat Pack (MQFP), Thin Quad Flatpack (TQFP), Small Outline (SOIC), Shrink Small Outline Package (SSOP), Thin Small Outline (TSOP), Thin Quad Flatpack (TQFP), System In Package (SIP), Multi Chip Package (MCP), Wafer-level Fabricated Package (WFP), Wafer-Level Processed Stack Package (WSP), and the like. 
         [0063]      FIG. 11  is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of an SSD system  400  including a nonvolatile memory device according to the inventive concept. As illustrated, the SSD system includes an SSD controller  410  and nonvolatile memory devices  420 - 423 . 
         [0064]    A nonvolatile memory device according to the inventive concept is applicable to a solid state disk (SSD). In recent years, SSD products are being spotlighted in the next-generation memory markets as competitive solutions capable of substituting hard disk drives (HDDs). SSDs are data storages using memory chips such as flash memories to store data, instead of spinning platters for use in typical hard disk drives. Generally, SSDs have advantages over HDDs, which operate mechanically, in operation rate, external impact and power consumption. 
         [0065]    Returning to  FIG. 11 , a central processing unit (CPU) receives an instruction from a host, determining whether to store data from the host in a flash memory or to transmit data stored in the flash memory after reading the stored data. An ATA interface  412  exchanges data with a host side in compliance with the control of the CPU. The ATA interface  412  fetches an instruction and an address from the host side and transmits the fetched instruction and address to the CPU  211  through a CPU bus. Data input from the host through the ATA interface  412  or data to be transmitted to the host is transmitted to an SRAM cache  413  in compliance with the control of the CPU  411  without passing through the CPU bus. The ATA interface  412  includes a serial ATA (SATA) protocol and a parallel ATA (PATA) protocol. 
         [0066]    The SRAM cache  413  is configured to temporarily store data transmitted between the host and the flash memories  420 - 423  and to store a program executed by the CPU  211 . The SRAM cache  413  may be regarded as a kind of a buffer memory and does not necessarily include an SRAM. A flash interface  414  receives/transmits data from/to nonvolatile memories used as storage devices. The flash interface  414  may be configured to support a NAND flash memory, a One-NAND flash memory or a multi-level flash memory. A semiconductor memory system according to inventive concept may be used as a mobile storage device. Therefore, the semiconductor memory system may be used as a storage device for MP players, digital cameras, personal digital assistants (PDA), and e-books. Moreover, the semiconductor memory system may be used as a storage device for digital television sets or computers. As explained so far, according to the inventive concept, read speed of a memory system is enhanced. In addition, lifespan of the memory system extends. 
         [0067]    While the inventive concept has been described with reference to exemplary embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the inventive concept. Therefore, it should be understood that the above embodiments are not limiting, but illustrative. Thus, the scope of the inventive concept is to be determined by the broadest permissible interpretation of the following claims and their equivalents, and shall not be restricted or limited by the foregoing description.