Abstract:
A method for protecting custom coding an application generation system. An application generator uses a view template to generate content based on a specified application definition. The view template contains one or more custom code blocks. As the application content is generated, custom code blocks are generated and each assigned a unique identifier. The resulting custom code block can be modified by an application developer. When application code is regenerated it first tests the output to determine whether custom code blocks having the generated code block identifier already exist. If matching custom code blocks exist they are not replaced. If they do not exists, the custom code blocks are generated into the content output.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION  
       [0001]     The present invention relates to data processing systems. In particular, it relates to software development tools for code generation. Still more particularly, the present invention relates to a process for protecting custom code from modification during code generation.  
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
       [0002]     The development of software application code and related application content has long been the province of experts. A systems development expert must analyze the business problem, select the appropriate software tools to solve the business problem and then develop the software code necessary to implement the selected solution. The software created includes executable software programs and related software and materials. Related software may include web page layouts and content while related materials may include documentation or reports.  
         [0003]     The field of software engineering developed in an attempt to standardize and simplify the creation of software. Software engineering defines standard processes and procedures that are applied to develop software code. Standardization is intended to promote use of effective solutions and to promote the reuse of previously developed solution components.  
         [0004]     Process standardization still leaves the significant task of preparing the software code to implement a solution. Software code may be source code written in one of a number of programming languages such as Java®, C++, C#, Pascal or others. In addition, software code may include web pages coded in HTML, database access code in SQL, and written documentation in text form or portable document format (PDF.) Although many of the object oriented languages have stressed code reuse, this has often proved difficult in practice.  
         [0005]     Code generation has been attempted using a number of code generators. These code generators use as input a description of the business problem to be solved expressed in some form of modeling language. This language is then interpreted and source code in a selected programming language generated. Many code generators implement what is known as a Model Driven Architecture. A Model Driven Architecture is a structure in which a business model, expressed in a modeling language drives the generation of the resulting software content. One example of a Model Driven Architecture is the Object Management Group (OMG) Model Driven Architecture available at ftp://ftp.omg.org/pub/docs/ab/01-02-01.pdf.  
         [0006]     One problem with existing code generators is the inflexibility of the modeling language or the code generation capability. For example, the OMG Model Driven Architecture requires that models be expressed in a well defined notation such as Unified Modeling Language (UML.) UML is a structured language that requires specific content and keywords to describe the business problem. The structure allows code generation to be accomplished by recognizing structural components, and generating software content based on those components. Unfortunately, many business problems are not readily expressed in UML compliant models, eliminating the ability to use generators relying on UML as the model.  
         [0007]     Other model architectures provide fixed output generators. That is, the developer has no control over the form or format of the outputs generated base on a model input.  
         [0008]     Finally, a problem exists that code generators are not able to generate all code required for an application. Frequently the developer must modify the generated code to specify application logic than cannot readily be expressed in the application modeling language. This custom code inserted by the developer may be lost, however, if the application model is changed and the application code regenerated based on the model. There is therefore a need for an application generation system that permits custom code to be protected and preserved through subsequent application generation events.  
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
       [0009]     The present invention is therefore directed at providing a software content generation system that is flexible in terms of the business model expression, the content generation expression and the transformation of model to application or software content and that protects custom code during subsequent application generation events.  
         [0010]     The present invention is directed to a method for building application or software content using an open model driven architecture. The method includes: specifying a view template with one or more custom code section blocks; generating application content based on the view template, the generating including: generating application content; generating custom code section blocks, each of the blocks having a unique custom code block section identifier; testing to determine whether application content having the unique custom code block section identifier already exists; and storing a final application content including generated application content, already existing unique custom code sections, and newly generated unique custom code block sections if such sections did not already exist. 
     
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING  
       [0011]      FIG. 1  is a block diagram illustrating the major functions of the preferred embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0012]      FIG. 2  is a block diagram of a processing system used in the preferred embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0013]      FIG. 3  is a block diagram of an integrated development system according to an embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0014]      FIG. 4  is a process diagram illustrating the processes and data employed in the preferred embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0015]      FIG. 5  is a flow chart depicting the process steps according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION  
       [0016]     The present invention works in conjunction with an open model driven architecture that maintains flexibility of expression in each of the descriptive components. The preferred embodiment of the present invention extends the model driven code generation to provide protection for custom code sections in the generated output content. The present invention supports the flexibility of expression in the open model driven architecture by implementing variable custom code identifiers as part of the dynamic content in view templates.  
         [0017]      FIG. 1  illustrates the component parts of an open model driven content generator according to the present invention. An application definition  10  is provided that sets forth a model of the problem to be solved. The model is expressed in a descriptive grammar. For example, the model may be expressed in extensible markup language (XML) which includes tags and descriptors for the model. Other forms of expression can be used, however, such as a simple Tag=value specification or through the definition of a set of keywords. An application definition may look similar to the following.  
                                                   &lt;app&gt;        &lt;xml name=“PolicySearch” pkg=“com.issw.policy.data” &gt;         &lt;beans&gt;          &lt;bean class=“Policy” &gt;                &lt;property name=“policyNumber”   type=“String”  /&gt;           &lt;property name=“name”   type=“String”  /&gt;           &lt;property name=“type”   type=“String”  /&gt;           &lt;property name=“car”   type=“Car” single=“false”  /&gt;             &lt;property name=“address”     type=“Address” single=“true”  /&gt;          &lt;/bean&gt;          .... .          &lt;bean class=“PacketSend” &gt;           &lt;property name=“query”   type=“Policy” single=“true”  /&gt;          &lt;/bean&gt;          &lt;bean class=“PacketReceive” &gt;           &lt;property name=“results”   type=“Policy” single=“false”  /&gt;          &lt;/bean&gt;         &lt;/beans&gt;        &lt;/xml&gt;             &lt;facade name=“PolicySearch” pkg=“com.issw.policy.service” send=“PacketSend”       receive=“PacketReceive”  /&gt;       &lt;/app&gt;                    
         [0018]     Allowing flexibility in expressing the application model reduces the barriers to development for the application developer. The flexible expression structure enables use of the presently claimed invention to develop a large variety of application content. Model descriptions are not limited to a set of problems that can be expressed in a rigid model language.  
         [0019]     View templates or content patterns  20  are developed or accessed by the content developer. In an on-going development organization, libraries of view templates will be assembled as a result of development projects. If a template for a particular problem does not exist, the developer creates an appropriate template using examplar analysis or a similar technique to abstract a view template to solve a particular class of problems. A template may have the form shown in the table below.  
                                                                 package &lt;content node=“/action/package”/&gt;;       import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;       import org.eclipse.core.resources.I&lt;content node=“/action/target”       format=“U1”/&gt;;       ... .       public class &lt;content node=“/action/prefix”/&gt;Action implements       IWorkbenchWindowActionDelegate , IRunnableWithProgress {             private   IStructuredSelection   tSelection;        private   IWorkbench   tWorkbench;             private   I&lt;content node=“/action/target” format=“U1”/&gt;[ ]             &lt;content node=“/action/target”/&gt;s;        /**         * Constructor for &lt;content node=“/action/prefix”/&gt;Action         */        public &lt;content node=“/action/prefix”/&gt;Action( ) {         super( );        }        /**         * @see IActionDelegate#run(IAction)         */        public void run(IAction arg0) {         // Gather the selected &lt;content node=“/action/target”/&gt;s, if any.         int count = tSelection.size( );         &lt;content node=“/action/target”/&gt;s = new I&lt;content       node=“/action/target” format=“U1”/&gt;[count];         Object objs[ ] = tSelection.toArray( );         for (int index = 0; index &lt; count; index++) {          &lt;content node=“/action/target”/&gt;s[index] = (I&lt;content       node=“/action/target” format=“U1”/&gt;) objs[index];         }         // Perform any prompts or confirmations here before the action         // takes place       &lt;marker&gt;Insert code here to handle necessary prompts or       confirmations&lt;/marker&gt;         try {          ProgressMonitorDialog dialog= new          ProgressMonitorDialog(getShell( ));          dialog.run(true, true, this);         } catch (InvocationTargetException ex) {         } catch (InterruptedException e) {          // do nothing on cancel          return;         }        }        /**         * @see IRunnableWithProgress#run(IProgressMonitor)         */        public void run(IProgressMonitor progressMonitor)         throws InvocationTargetException, InterruptedException {         // If possible, count the number of discrete steps this invocation         // of the action will perform and setup the progress monitor...         String taskDescription = “&lt;content node=“/action/task” /&gt;”;         int numberOfSteps = tSelection.size( );         progressMonitor.beginTask(taskDescription,numberOfSteps);         for (int index = 0; index &lt; numberOfSteps; index++) {       &lt;marker&gt;Insert the code to perform the action against one of the selected       &lt;content node=“/action/target”/&gt;s&lt;/marker&gt;          // Perform the actual action logic here.          I&lt;content node=“/action/target” format=“U1”/&gt; &lt;content       node=“/action/target”/&gt; = &lt;content node=“/action/target”/&gt;s[index];          // When the action on a selected &lt;content node=“/action/target”/&gt;          // is complete, increment the progress indicator          progressMonitor.worked(1);         }        }        /**         * @see IWorkbenchWindowActionDelegate#dispose( )         */        public void dispose( ) {        }        /**         * @see IWorkbenchWindowActionDelegate#init(IWorkbenchWindow)         */        public void init(IWorkbenchWindow window) {         tWorkbench= window.getWorkbench( );        }        /**         * Returns the active shell.         */        protected Shell getShell( ) {         return JavaPlugin.getActiveWorkbenchShell( );        }        /**         * @see IActionDelegate#selectionChanged(IAction, ISelection)         */        public void selectionChanged(IAction arg0, ISelection selection) {         if (selection instanceof IStructuredSelection)          tSelection= (IStructuredSelection)selection;         else          tSelection= StructuredSelection.EMPTY;        }       }                  
 
         [0020]     The controller description  30  specifies how the application definition  10  will use the patterns  20  to create content output  50 . The controller analyzes the application definition and acts based on identified keywords in the grammar. Controller actions can be divided into flow control actions and pattern application actions. These actions comprise a scripting language that is used by the application developer to specify application generation in a flexible manner. The preferred embodiment of the present invention uses a scripting language specifically developed for content generation. A controller according the present invention could, however, use other languages to control code generation. For example, the controller could be expressed in the Java programming language, Javascript scripting language, or Visual Basic language. The scripting language of the present invention permits specification of particular application definition grammars. Since the application grammar is flexible, the controller must similarly be flexible to parse and interpret the application definition. The controller and application definition must therefore be developed together for a particular application to ensure that application definition expressions have the necessary output transformation support.  
         [0021]     Flow control actions include conditional actions that apply a particular pattern only if certain conditions exist or repetitive actions such as applying a pattern multiple times. Pattern application actions include generating content output based on variable data specified in the application definition and content output data specified in a pattern. The controller specifies which pattern is to be selected and which variable data is applied to that pattern. The controller specifies how many different output files are to be generated and specifies the structure for the names of those file. An example of a controller element or controller description is shown below.  
                                   ** High-Level Controller       &lt;setAttr node=“/action” name=“dir”&gt;&lt;content node=“/action/package”       format=“PD”/&gt;&lt;/setAttr&gt;       &lt;start template=“plugin.xml.pat” resource=“%/action(dir)%/%/       action/prefix%...plugin.xml” /&gt;       &lt;start template=“Action.java.pat” resource=“%/action(dir)%/%/       action/prefix%Action.java”       /&gt;                  
 
         [0022]     The content generation process is managed by a transformation engine  40 . Transformation engine  40  accesses the controller description  30 , application definition  10  and patterns  20 . The application definition  10  is read by the transformation engine  40  and parsed to locate keywords and variable data. This parsing occurs using well known techniques of XML analysis or other lexical analysis of a textual file. Keywords are used to locate actions specified in the controller description  30 . When a match is found, the matched action is applied. This causes a pattern  20  to be accessed and content to be generated. Content generation involves writing out specified static information and replacing dynamic information with application instance specific information passed to the transformation engine. The result is application content that solves the business problem modeled in the application definition.  
         [0023]     The preferred embodiment of the present invention implements an open model driven architecture. The architecture is “open” because of the ability to flexibly specify the application definition (model), the controller, and the view templates. The modeling and generation process is not restricted to a certain class of models or models expressed in a fixed format or language.  
         [0024]     The present invention implements a  
         [0025]     Model-View-Controller (MVC) model of a system. MVC models were originally developed to reduce the complexity of software systems that provide graphical user output using a graphical user interface (GUI.) In such a system the user view of data is kept separate from the rules for accessing the data to be displayed. The application logic for accessing and processing the data is specified in the model. Finally, the controller specifies how data acquired by the model is mapped to the GUI display (the view.)  
         [0026]     A system designed using MVC modeling principles provides independence between the model and the view. This reduces implementation complexity because the view designer can concentrate solely on user interface issues while the model designer can concentrate on application logic and data access issues. This independence permits independent design changes to the user interface or the application logic. The user interface could be changed from a web browser display to a workstation client display or a portable device display without modifying the model specification.  
         [0027]     In the present invention, the component independence of the MVC model is used to give the designer flexibility in application definition and content creation. For example, a particular application definition can be used to generate content output in different programming languages through the use of different views for each of the languages. Thus, an application definition may specify certain business requirements. The controller will map these to certain patterns. If matched to C language patterns, C program source code can be generated to implement the business solution. Use of a different controller that maps to Java language patterns will result in a Java solution.  
         [0028]     The preferred embodiment generates content output. Content output can be any of a plurality of textual data or binary data. This output may be programming code for a particular programming language such as C, Java, or C++. Output also can include descriptive materials such as solution documentation or descriptions. The output may also include web pages or other web components. Binary data may include bitmapped images, graphics or sound output.  
         [0029]     The present invention is preferably employed in conjunction with a computer system such as that shown generally in  FIG. 2 . The computer system  200  has a central processing unit  202  for processing program instructions, a random access memory  204  that stores instructions and data to be processed. Permanent storage  208  is provided in the form of a magnetic disk drive or similar technology. User interface devices are controlled by I/O Controller  210  and include, for example, a keyboard  212  and a pointing device or mouse  214 . Information is displayed by video controller  222  on display device  220  which can be a cathode ray tube (CRT) video display, a liquid crystal diode display (LCD) or similar device. The system  200  communicates with other devices or with the internet (not shown) using network interface  224 . Removable device controller  226  manages removable storage devices such as floppy diskette  228  or CD-ROM or DVD-ROM  230 . The system components in system  200  are linked together and communicate through system bus  206 .  
         [0030]     Random access memory  204  manages the program instructions and data for the computer system. In a typical computer system, an operating system  232  will manage the processing of tasks on the computer and the interface between particular programs and the hardware subsystems.  
         [0031]     Application programs  236  execute on the system to perform particular tasks. The number of application programs running at one time is limited only by the resources of the system including the operating system limitations. Finally, a variety of middleware  234  may be provided for certain tasks. Middleware  234  are programs that provide generally used facilities used by application programs or directly by users. Middleware can include software such as database management systems such as IBM DB2, Microsoft SQLServer, MySQL. It may also include web servers and web application servers such as IBM Websphere Application Server or Microsoft IIS. Middleware provides generalized services that link together programs and systems to achieve the desired business goals.  
         [0032]     Examples of computer systems that can be used in the preferred embodiment include the IBM ThinkCenter series of personal computers, IBM Thinkpad notebook computers, IBM xSeries workstations, and other machines based on Intel or AMD central processing units (CPUs). These computer systems may operate under an operating system such as Microsoft Windows XP, Linux, or AIX. The present invention is not limited to a particular hardware or software structure except as claimed.  
         [0033]     The invention also may be embodied in a computer program product, such as a diskette, optical ROM, or other recording medium, for use with a data processing system. Embodiments of a computer program product may be implemented by use of any recording medium for machine-readable information, including magnetic media, optical media, or other suitable media. Persons skilled in the art will immediately recognize that any computer system having suitable programming means will be capable of executing the steps of the method of the invention as embodied in a program product. Persons skilled in the art will recognize immediately that, although most of the exemplary embodiments described in this specification are oriented to software installed and executing on computer hardware, nevertheless, alternative embodiments implemented as firmware or as hardware are well within the scope of the present invention.  
         [0034]     The preferred embodiment of the present invention is preferably used in conjunction with an integrated development environment (IDE.) An IDE provides a number of facilities to assist the software developer. The IDE may include project, library and file management features, editors for editing and validating program source code, and compilers for creating compiled executable versions of the desired programs. An example of a IDE is the IBM Websphere Application Studio Developer (WASD). Another example is the Eclipse development system managed by the Eclipse Foundation.  
         [0035]     A system according to the present invention is preferably embodied as an addition to the IDE system. In WASD and Eclipse IDEs such an addition is termed a “plug-in.” As shown in  FIG. 3 , a content generator  302  is added as a plug-in to IDE  300 . Operating as a plug-in allows content generator  302  to use the facilities of the IDE to organize the content and to manage content storage in a file system  304 . Patterns can be stored in the same file system as the generated content or can be stored in a local or network repository  306 .  
         [0036]     The IDE also provides editors that can be used to construct application definition files and controller definitions. Editor features such as find or find and replace can also be used by the application developer and the transformation engine. The use of an IDE, however, is not required to practice the present invention because the functions performed by the IDE can be performed directly by the preferred embodiment.  
         [0037]      FIG. 4  illustrates the process flow of a system incorporating the present invention. In many cases content or code patterns  408  are created by analyzing existing content, for example, an existing application program that performs a certain function. The exemplars are analyzed  404 . Results of the analysis are used to specify content patterns or view templates in a reusable format  406  and the resulting patterns stored for future use in pattern store  408 .  
         [0038]     A view template includes static and dynamic content. For example, if programming language code is being generated, the template may include static program language keywords. Particular program variables will be represented as dynamic code. The template is used to generate code by replacing the dynamic code with information extracted from the application definition as specified by the controller definition. The controller definition provides the mapping between information provided in the application definition  416  and the dynamic portions of the output. Dynamic portions may represent “variables” in a programming language, but may also represent other changeable information. Thus, the chapter titles in a document could be represented as having static and dynamic parts. Program code may include dynamic names for classes and methods as well. A standardized naming convention is used in one embodiment to control the types and formats of names used throughout the resulting system.  
         [0039]     In the preferred embodiment of the present invention the view template is modified to include custom code section definitions. These definitions are inserted within a view template when the template developer believes custom code will be needed or desired at a certain location in the code. The custom code section will include both static and dynamic content. At a minimum the section will contain a comment or “eye-catcher” that identifies the custom code section. The present invention includes a dynamic attribute with each code section to be replaced with a unique identifier for that section. In this way, a view template code section can be used many times within an application and each use will be uniquely identified with an identifier. The figure below represents a view template according to the present invention.  
                                                   /* view template           public void methodName( )           {           static method code           // custom code 1 for &amp;methodName&amp;&amp;application&amp;           // end of custom code 1 for &amp;methodName&amp;&amp;application&amp;           additional static method code           }                      
 
         [0040]     The analysis of the business problem  410  results in an application definition  416 . The term “business problem” is used to describe the problem scope the content is desired to solve. It need not be “business” related and can include analysis of games, non-profit organization issues, entertainment or recreational problems. In each case the problem is analyzed and the results expressed as an application definition. The analytical results are also used to specify the controller  412 . The controller definition is developed based on the application analysis and the available patterns  408 . The controller definition is stored as a controller definition  414 .  
         [0041]     Finally, content is generated  418  using a transformation engine. Content generation is performed by accessing the application definition  416  under the control of controller  414 . The generator applies the application definition variables to the patterns  408  to create generated content  420 .  
         [0042]     The preferred embodiment of the present invention is described in greater detail with reference to  FIG. 5 . The process for including and managing unique custom code sections in generated content includes the following steps. The process starts  502  by specifying customizable code sections in the view templates  504  for a problem solution. The custom code section has a format as shown above. Content output is generated  506  by the transformation engine which applies the application definition to the view templates under the control of the controller. As part of this generation, custom code sections are generated each having a unique identifier as a result of attribute substitution into dynamic content portions of the custom code section. Once generated, the system will store the generated content  508 . The system first checks to see whether a file or other storage unit for the generated content already exists. If not, the generated content is written to the file or otherwise stored in the intended location  514  and the process ends  516 . If the file exists, a string search is made for code section identifiers that match each identified section of the generated code. If an existing section is found, the custom code block is retained in the new generated content in place of the marked content location. If no matching section is found then the new custom section and identifier are written. As a result, existing custom code sections are merged into the proper positions within the newly generated content. The merged file is written  514  and the process ends  516 .  
         [0043]     It will be understood from the foregoing description that modifications and changes may be made in various embodiments of the present invention without departing from its true spirit. The descriptions in this specification are for purposes of illustration only and are not to be construed in a limiting sense. The scope of the present invention is limited only by the language of the following claims.