Abstract:
An apparatus for spraying a liquid into the atmosphere includes a container ( 1 ) for containing the liquid ( 2 ), having at least one outlet ( 3 ) for the liquid to be expelled outside the container, the outlet being located above the liquid, a device generating ( 4 ) a gas stream for expelling the liquid outside the container, a vaporizer ( 5 ) that vaporizes the liquid in the gas stream, a sprayer ( 6 ) that sprays the vaporized liquid and that includes a column with baffles located downstream of the vaporizer, the vaporizer and the sprayer being integral with a body ( 7 ) that is removably mounted on the container.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to apparatuses which permit a liquid to be sprayed into the atmosphere, comprising a container, which is intended to contain the liquid and has at least one outlet for the liquid to be expelled from the container, the outlet being situated above the liquid, means for generating a gaseous stream to expel the liquid from the container, means for vaporising the liquid in the gaseous stream, and means for spraying the vaporised liquid. Hereinafter, vaporisation is understood to mean the transformation of a liquid into fine droplets and the possible change thereof into the gaseous state, and spraying is understood to mean the transformation of the fine droplets obtained by vaporisation into very fine droplets. 
     Such apparatuses may be used as a simple product diffuser, or they permit scents to be diffused into the atmosphere when the liquid contained in the container is a fragrant liquid, in any place, depending on the wish or the needs of the user, more especially in the laboratory, to study the effect of the scent on the behaviour of individuals or the composition of the scents, in marketing agencies in order to ensure the promotion of a product, in supermarkets in order to influence the consumption of products, in any place to ensure that the place smells sweetly, etc. Uses of this type of apparatus in aromatherapy can also be envisaged. 
     Prior art discloses, more especially with the document EP 0 608 176, a spray of the type described above. The spray comprises a container containing the liquid to be sprayed, to the base of which is secured an inlet tube for the gaseous stream. The tube traverses the liquid in the container and is provided with a venturi at its upper end above the liquid, a venturi to which is laterally connected a suction duct for the liquid. The upper part of the container is extended by a distillation chamber, intended to reduce the dimension of the liquid droplets in suspension in the gaseous stream downstream of the venturi, and this is in order to diffuse a mist of very fine droplets at the spray outlet. 
     Such a spray operates well, but it has disadvantages which can greatly limit the possibilities of use thereof. In effect, the liquid is contained in a container which forms a body with the spray and at the base of which the venturi is secured, and this does not confer great flexibility of use. Such a configuration, moreover, leads to difficulty in cleaning the parts which make up the spray, particularly the container, more especially when it is desirable to use a different product, and a high cost of manufacture. Also, it is not easy to refill the container with spray product each time it is empty. 
     With the document EP 0 655 282, an apparatus is also known for spraying fragrant liquid, in which the liquid to be sprayed is situated in an exchangeable cartridge, which is disposable when it is empty. Here, it is the exchangeable cartridge which contains the venturi intended to vaporise the liquid. This type of spray may permit the disadvantages of the difficult refilling and cleaning of the spray previously described to be overcome. However it remains very onerous in use, since the cartridge, which is changed on every product refill, contains elaborate technical devices, more especially the venturi. In addition, since this cartridge is intended for single use, the spraying means which it contains cannot be as effective as those of an apparatus for which they are intended to be worn out over the lifetime of the apparatus. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention proposes to overcome these disadvantages, and to provide other advantages. More precisely, it comprises an apparatus which permits a liquid to be sprayed into the atmosphere, comprising: 
     a container, which is intended to contain said liquid and has at least one outlet for the liquid to be expelled from said container, said outlet being situated above said liquid, 
     means for generating a gaseous stream to expel said liquid from said container, 
     means for vaporising said liquid in said gaseous stream, and 
     means for spraying the vaporised liquid, comprising a column which is provided with baffles and is situated downstream of the vaporising means, 
     characterised in that said vaporising means and said spraying means are integral with a body capable of being engaged and maintained in a detachable manner in said outlet of the container, said body including a duct for expelling the liquid from the container. 
     The apparatus according to the invention permits a simple container to be used to contain the liquid to be sprayed, said container being provided with an outlet which advantageously serves both for refilling and for expelling the liquid. Such a container may be of the bottle type, in the upper outlet of which will be situated the body containing, more especially, the spraying and vaporising means. Thus, the container will advantageously be able to be discarded when it is empty, with minimum production and operating costs, since this container will be able to be formed from the only means necessary to retain liquid inside, namely an air-tight envelope. Moreover, the apparatus according to the invention provides great flexibility and ease of use by this design. The vaporising and spraying means, re-used on each change of bottle, permit these means to be appropriately sophisticated, if necessary. The column provided with baffles permits the liquid to be sprayed to be micro-diffused, by virtue of the extreme fineness of the droplets obtained, which is necessary to permit a good suspension of the liquid sprayed into the atmosphere, low liquid consumption and better results in the matter of scent diffusion in the atmosphere, for example. 
     According to an advantageous characteristic, the vaporising means comprise a venturi. 
     According to another advantageous characteristic, the column comprises a plurality of inclined walls which form baffles on which said vaporised liquid comes to lodge, and the inclined walls form an angle, greater than 90°, with the longitudinal flow direction of the stream, so as to avoid a reverse flow of said stream. 
     According to another advantageous characteristic, said inclined walls each include a hole for the passage of the stream, the respective holes of two successive walls being offset. 
     According to another advantageous characteristic, said hole assumes the form of a venturi. 
     According to another advantageous characteristic, two successive inclined walls are symmetrical relative to a plane which is perpendicular to the longitudinal flow direction of the stream. 
     According to another advantageous characteristic, the means for generating a gaseous stream to expel the liquid from the container comprise a flow accelerator situated downstream of the spraying means. 
     According to another advantageous characteristic, the flow accelerator comprises a fluid flow, which envelops said gaseous stream and the sprayed liquid downstream of the spraying means. 
     According to an alternative to the preceding characteristic, said flow accelerator comprises a fluid flow conveyed in an axial manner into a venturi-type duct, which includes a tapering part followed by a cylindrical part, said gaseous stream and the sprayed liquid being introduced laterally into said cylindrical part of said venturi-type duct. 
     The invention also relates to a system which permits the spraying of a liquid into the atmosphere to be controlled, characterised in that it comprises at least: 
     one apparatus, which permits a liquid to be sprayed into the atmosphere according to the invention, 
     one gas sensor, which permits measurement of the concentration of the liquid sprayed into the atmosphere, and 
     means for controlling the operation of said apparatus in dependence on at least one predetermined input command and on said measurement provided by said gas sensor. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     Other characteristics and advantages will become apparent on reading the following description of an example of an embodiment of an apparatus and a system according to the invention, together with the accompanying drawings, such an example being given by way of illustration and without any restrictive interpretation of the invention being able to be derived therefrom. 
     FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a first example of an embodiment of an apparatus which permits a liquid to be sprayed into the atmosphere, according to the invention. 
     FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of a second example of an embodiment of an enlarged detail of the apparatus in FIG.  1 . 
     FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the whole of a system which permits the spraying of a liquid into the atmosphere to be controlled. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     In FIG. 1, the apparatus which permits a liquid to be sprayed into the atmosphere, or spray, comprises a container  1 , intended to contain the liquid  2  to be sprayed, the container  1  having an outlet  3  for expelling the liquid from the container, the outlet  3  being situated above the liquid  2 , means  4  for generating a gaseous stream to expel the liquid  2  from the container  1 , means  5  for vaporising the liquid  2  in the gaseous stream, and means  6  for spraying the vaporised liquid. 
     The vaporising means  5  and the spraying means  6  are integral with a body  7  capable of being engaged and maintained in a detachable manner in the outlet  3  of the container  1 , as illustrated in FIG. 1, the body  7  containing a duct  8  for expelling the liquid  2  from the container  1 . 
     The container may advantageously be formed by a bottle  1  for packaging the product to be sprayed. For this purpose, the single outlet  3  of the bottle  1  serves for refilling and expelling the liquid  2 , and will contain an air-tight stopper (not illustrated), used for packaging the product, this stopper being removed to engage the body  7  in the outlet. The bottle  1  will advantageously be rigid or semi-rigid, so as to permit the body  7  to be maintained in the engaged position in the outlet  3 . For this purpose, the body  7  will have, at one of the ends thereof, a form  14 , which is capable of coming into engagement on the upper part of the bottle  1  comprising the outlet  3 . For example, the form  14  will be able to include, as illustrated in FIG. 1, a tube  15 , maintaining contact in the outlet  3  or on the flange  17  of the bottle by force-fitting or by a helically threaded assembly (not illustrated) or the like and, if necessary, an additional abutment  16 , resting on the upper part of the bottle  1  or of the flange  17  thereof. The form  14  of the body  7  will obviously be adapted to that of the container  1  which is used, with a view to assembling these two elements. The container  1  or the body  7  will contain any venting means which permits the liquid in the body to be emptied from the container by suction, as described hereinafter. 
     The body  7  will be hollow in order to accommodate the vaporising and spraying means, as explained later, and will have to permit, on the one hand, the liquid  2  to be sucked up via its lower part through the outlet  3  of the bottle  1  and, on the other hand, to permit the gaseous stream containing the sprayed liquid to emerge via its upper part. The body  7  will be formed from a rigid material, for example steel or plastics material, and will advantageously be made up of two parts  19  and  20 , which are detachable from each other in order to facilitate access to the interior of the body  7 . In the example of FIG. 1, the body  7  assumes the form of a tube in two parts, a lower part  19  containing, at the lower end thereof, the form  14  already described to connect with a container, and an upper part  20 , for example threaded (not illustrated) or force-fitted onto the lower part  19 , which contains, at the upper end thereof, an opening  21  through which the liquid sprayed in the gaseous stream emerges. 
     The means for generating a gaseous stream to expel the liquid  2  from the bottle  1  comprise a pump  4 , which delivers a discharge of gas conveyed towards the body  7  by means of a conduit  18 , as will be explained later with a description of the vaporising means. The gas used will depend on the use of the spray, and will advantageously be the ambient air in the case of scent diffusion from a fragrant liquid  2 , as illustrated in the example. 
     The means for vaporising the liquid  2  in the gaseous stream advantageously comprise a venturi  5  situated, for example, in the longitudinal axis  23  of the body  7 , in the lower part thereof, but advantageously secured to the upper part  20  by means of a plate  35  and screws  34 , for example, in order to form an upper body part  7  which is compact and contains the means for vaporising and spraying the liquid. Thus, the lower part  19  of the body has the simple function of supporting the form  14  which permits the body  7  to be connected to the container  1 . In the event of a change in the shape of the container  1 , only the lower detachable part  19  of the body  7  will have to be replaced. 
     The plate  35  for securing the venturi  5  will advantageously contain at least one through-passage  36 , which permits the liquid, which has been insufficiently vaporised and which would not be drawn into the spraying means  6  because the weight of the droplets is too great, to return downwardly by gravity, upstream of the spraying means, into the container  1  through the outlet  3 . The passage  36  may, for example, be formed from at least one hole situated in the low part of the plate  35 . 
     The conduit  18  conveys the air stream into the body  7  as far as the lower end  22  of the venturi  5 , by passing through the upper end  24  of the body  7  along the longitudinal axis  23  of this body into the upper part  20 , which contains the spraying means situationed above the vaporising means, then continuing, in an offset manner, into the lower part  19  of the body  7 , in order that the conduit  18  may be replaced in the longitudinal axis  23  of the body  7 , while directing the air stream towards the upper end  24  of the body  7 , as illustrated in FIG.  1 . It is to be noted that the conduit  18  could penetrate into the body  7  and follow a path of a different manner to that previously described. The function of the conduit  18  is, in fact, to convey the air stream to the inlet of the venturi  5 , in order to create a low pressure on the internal wall of this venturi on which terminates a duct  25 , the other end  26  of which is immersed in the liquid  2 , as illustrated in FIG.  1 . The liquid  2  is thereby sucked into the venturi  5  and vaporised in the air stream upwardly in the direction of the spraying means. A lateral inlet of the conduit  18  into the body  7  may be effected, for example, in an alternative manner, for example in the lower part  19  thereof (not illustrated). 
     The spraying means comprise a column  6  with baffles, situated downstream of the venturi  5 , to spray the vaporised liquid  2 , i.e. above the venturi  5 , depending on the layout, along a vertical axis of the means illustrated in FIG.  1 . The venturi  5  permits the liquid  2  to be vaporised into fine droplets in the air stream, and the column  6  with the baffles permits these fine droplets to be split into particles of a size in the order of a few micrometers, suitable for better diffusion of the liquid in the atmosphere into which it is expelled through the outlet  21  of the body  7  downstream of the column  6 . For this, the column  6  advantageously comprises a plurality of inclined walls  9 , situated substantially one above the other and forming baffles on which the diphasic flow comes to lodge, moving generally from bottom to top, i.e. the liquid vaporised in the gaseous stream, the inclined walls  9  forming an angle α, greater than 90°, with the longitudinal direction  10  of the flow, so as to prevent a reverse flow of this liquid between the impact zone of the diphasic flow on a wall and the hole through which this liquid passes to the following wall. The angle α will preferably be between 95° and 135°, for example substantially equal to 105°, as in the example illustrated in FIG.  1 . The value of the angle α is dependent on the size of the particles which it is desirable to obtain at the outlet of the spray; the nearer the angle α is to 90°, the finer are the particles of sprayed liquid, and the further it is from 90°, the more the flow of the stream is improved and the larger are the particles. The movement from bottom to top of the liquid vaporised in the gaseous stream, then that of the diphasic flow in the column with baffles, permits gravity to be used to prevent the liquid droplets, which are not sufficiently fine relative to the use for which the spray apparatus according to the invention is intended, from being drawn towards the outlet at any point and, on the contrary, to direct these droplets in the direction of the liquid container where they may thus follow, once again, the full circuit of vaporising and spraying, or a partial circuit of spraying in the case of partial return into the spraying means. 
     Each wall  9  may, for example, be supported by a tubular connection  27 , which has an external configuration complementary to the internal configuration of the upper part  20  of the body  7 , thereby permitting the external surface of the tubular connection  27  to be fitted edge-to-edge on the internal surface of the upper part  20  of the body  7  and the walls  9  to be stacked in a useful manner, as illustrated in FIG. 1. A plurality of walls  9 , thus provided with their own tubular connection, for example 4 walls, may be stacked one on top of the other in order to produce the column with baffles  6 , the wall  9  and its tubular connection  27  being inscribed in an upright cylinder in the example illustrated. 
     Each inclined wall  9  will advantageously contain a hole  11  for the diphasic flow to pass therethrough, the respective holes  11  of two successive walls  9  being offset, so as to ensure an impact of the flow on the following wall without directly traversing the hole  11 . The hole  11 , for example, will be cylindrical, of circular or oblong cross-section, and will be situated on the wall substantially in the zone most downstream from the impact of the flow on this wall, in the longitudinal flow direction  10 , as illustrated in FIG.  1 . The wall of the hole  11  will preferably be non-tangential to the internal wall of the tubular connection  27  and will be slightly recessed towards the longitudinal axis  23  of the body  7 , as illustrated in FIG.  1 . 
     The holes of two successive walls  9  will be able to be symmetrically opposed relative to the longitudinal axis  23  of the body  7 , and diametrically opposed in the case of a body of circular cross-section. The holes  11  will alternatively be able to be disposed so that the diphasic flow in the column  6  through the holes  11  assumes a general profile which is substantially helical, the holes being angularly offset in the same direction of rotation according to a predetermined step, for example regular. 
     In the configuration of two successive holes  11 , symmetrically opposed relative to the longitudinal axis  23  of the body  7 , two successive inclined walls  9  will be able to be symmetrical relative to a plane  12  perpendicular to the longitudinal direction  10  of the flow, as illustrated in FIG. 1, this being in order to permit the diphasic flow to be regular. 
     Advantageously, as illustrated in FIG. 2, the holes  11  for the flow to pass from one wall  9  to the following wall will assume a venturi-type structure containing a tapering part  50  followed by a cylindrical part  51 . It is to be noted that, in FIG. 2, the elements fulfilling a function similar to that of elements in FIG. 1, bear the same reference numeral. The venturi-type hole  11  here permits the output of the spray column to be increased and contributes towards optimising the splitting of the particles to increase the homogeneity factor of the particles for a given particle size. Starting from the second wall in the direction of flow after the venturi  5 , the column  6  advantageously comprises, below each wall  9 , a funnel  52  which permits the liquid not drawn into the diphasic flow to be collected by gravity, and to convey it into the venturi-type hole  11  according to two alternatives, which are described below. 
     The first alternative (not illustrated) consists in the lowest part of a funnel  52  being connected to the outlet of the hole  11  situated upstream, so that the liquid drained by the funnel  52  flows by gravity into the hole  11  and is thereby returned to the diphasic flow at the outlet of the hole. A second alternative consists in the outlet of the hole  11 , situated upstream, rising above the low part of the funnel  52 , and a duct  53  being provided in the base of the funnel  52  conveying the condensed liquid into the hole  11  and, more particularly, into the cylindrical part of the hole  11 , as illustrated in FIG.  2 . This second alternative is particularly effective for viscous liquids, since it permits the liquid to be reliably vaporised in the hole  11  by the venturi effect. The funnels and ducts  53  permit the baffles to avoid becoming clogged by an accumulation of product, should the occasion arise. 
     The spray column illustrated in FIG. 2 advantageously comprises wedges  54  of a thickness which permits the distance separating the outlet of a hole  11  from the following wall  9  to be adjusted, and this is with the aim of ensuring that the granulometry of the liquid particles is regulated. Generally, the distance between the venturi  5  and the first wall  9 , and the distances between the outlet of a hole  11  and the following wall, will preferably decrease in the direction of the flow, and this is in order to help to optimise the reaction for splitting the liquid droplets. Jointly with the decrease in the distances defined above, the diameters of the holes  11  for the passage of the flow will preferably also be decreasing from the hole  11  of the first wall  9  to the hole of the last wall in the direction of flow. 
     As illustrated in FIG. 2, and in order to facilitate the manufacture of the ducts  53 , the column  6  may comprise an element  55 , interposed respectively between two successive walls  9  and supporting the funnel  52 . One element  55  will advantageously be situated above the last wall  9  in the direction of flow. 
     The spray column illustrated in FIG. 2 could be inserted into the body  7  of the apparatus illustrated in FIG. 1, for example. It is to be noted that the passage for the supply conduit  18  of the gaseous stream to the venturi has not been illustrated in FIG.  2 . Moreover, it is to be noted that the two successive holes  11  have been aligned in order to reduce the effects of the spray column, according to requirements. 
     The gaseous stream, containing the liquid  2  sprayed at the outlet from the last wall  9  of the column  6 , is then expelled from the spray through the opening  21  at the top of the body  7 . The opening  21  may be provided with a simple nozzle  28  if need be, fixed or directional depending on requirements. 
     The apparatus illustrated in FIG. 1 comprises means  4  for generating a gaseous stream to expel the liquid  2  from the container  1  as described above, which means additionally and advantageously contain a flow accelerator  13 , situated downstream of the spraying means  6  and, more particularly, downstream of the opening  21  of the body  7 , as illustrated in FIG.  1 . The flow accelerator  13  preferably comprises a fluid flow which envelops the gaseous stream and the sprayed liquid, emerging from the nozzle  28 . 
     The accelerator has the function of preventing or limiting the condensation of the liquid in the spray column, and this is done by creating a fluid flow which draws the gaseous stream and the sprayed liquid emerging from the body  7 . Another function of the accelerating flow is to provide additional energy to the spayed liquid so as to project it to a greater and variable distance according to the supply of fluid flow which is drawn. Another function of the accelerating flow is to provide an insect trap by the projection of pheromone. Another function of the accelerating flow is to permit the sprayed liquid to be diluted. 
     In the example illustrated in FIG. 1, the emergence of the diphasic flow from the body  7  is aided by the friction of the fluid accelerating flow which envelops the diphasic flow. The fluid accelerating flow will be able to be provided by the pump  4 , which generates the gaseous stream at the input of the venturi, and conveyed, on emerging from the body  7 , by an auxiliary conduit tapped from the conduit  18  which supplies the venturi  5  with an air stream. The tapping may be effected at any point, preferably before the conduit  18  enters the body  7 . Alternatively, and preferably, the accelerating flow will be provided by an independent pump  37  and conveyed to the body outlet by a conduit  29  which is independent of the conduit  18  for supplying the venturi. Thus, the accelerating flow will advantageously be able to be controlled and monitored independently of the gaseous flow supplying the venturi, with a view to obtaining greater flexibility of use and optimum adjustment of the accelerating flow relative to the diphasic flow for better performance of the spray. 
     The supply conduit for the fluid accelerating flow is connected to a nozzle  30  fitted, for example, on the nozzle  28 , as illustrated in FIG.  1 . The accelerating flow is provided around the nozzle  28  internally of the nozzle  30 , so that it envelops the gaseous stream and the sprayed liquid, emerging from the nozzle  28 , and this is in order to create maximum friction of the accelerating flow on the diphasic flow. 
     Additionally, the nozzle  30  may be provided with an outlet adjuster  31  for the accelerating flow, the gaseous stream and the sprayed liquid, the adjuster  31  being able to be mounted on a ball-and-socket joint  32  in order to permit the direction of output of the flow to be selected. 
     As illustrated in FIG. 1, the nozzle  28  penetrates inside the body through a projection  56 , intended to avoid liquid droplets escaping through the opening  21 . The projection  56  will be provided, on the external surface thereof, with at least one spout  57  to channel the liquid droplets which would be condensed on the projection, and in order to avoid these droplets being sucked into the flow emerging from the spray. For this purpose, the end face  58  of the projection  56  will preferably be vertical, the spout being made up of at least one groove situated in a vertical plane and surrounding the projection, as illustrated in FIG.  1 . 
     Alternatively, the flow accelerator may be produced by using a venturi-type opening  21  (not illustrated), which contains a tapering part followed by a cylindrical duct part. In this case, the diphasic flow emerging from the spray column is introduced laterally, and in a regularly distributed manner, through lateral ducts, inside the cylindrical part of the upper opening of the venturi-type body, the accelerating flow being conveyed in an axial manner into the main duct of the venturi-type opening, that is to say into the tapering part. Thus, the diphasic flow penetrates into the outlet opening of the spray by the combined effects of the suction due to the venturi and the pressure due to the spray column, and it is accelerated towards the outlet of the spray. 
     The system illustrated in FIG. 3, which permits the spraying of a liquid into the atmosphere to be monitored, comprises at least a plurality of apparatuses  40  according to the invention, as described previously for example, which permit a liquid to be sprayed into the atmosphere, a plurality of gas sensors  41 A, which permit measurement of the concentration of the liquid sprayed into the atmosphere, and means  42  for controlling the operation of the apparatuses  40  in dependence on at least one predetermined input command and measurements provided by the gas sensors. 
     The control means  42  advantageously comprise an electronic module  43  for controlling and monitoring the apparatuses  40 , an electronic power system  44  and an electrical energy input  45 . The electronic controlling and monitoring module  43  is advantageously provided with permanent software for the emissions of sprayed liquid. The operator enters the input command or commands, by means of a keyboard  47 , into the controlling and monitoring module  43 , which transmits this input command or these input commands to the electronic power system  44  which controls the operation of the apparatuses  40  relative to this input command or these input commands, with the help of the sensors  41 , more especially the gas sensors  41 A which send back to the electronic module  43  measurements of the concentration of the liquid sprayed into the atmosphere. Thus, the above-described system according to the invention can operate automatically. The controlling and monitoring electronics will advantageously be provided with a display  48  for monitoring the operation of the system, on which will be able to appear the input commands as well as the values from the sensors  41 . 
     The system according to the invention will advantageously be provided with a portable programming module  46 , which permits remote wireless communication with the controlling and monitoring electronics  43  to be ensured. The portable programming module  46  will ensure the operations of the keyboard and of the display of the electronics  43 . Thus, an operator will be able to intervene in the operation of the apparatuses  40 , by modifying the operational input commands directly from sites where the spraying apparatuses  40  are situated. 
     Advantageously, the system according to the invention will comprise means for regulating the supply from the pumps supplying the gaseous stream for the vaporising means of the apparatuses, and means for regulating the supply of fluid from the supply pumps for the flow accelerator means at the outlet of the apparatuses. The means for regulating the supply from the pumps may, for example, comprise respective solenoids, the opening and closing of which are controlled according to a predetermined frequency and by modifying the cyclical ratio. 
     Advantageously, also, the system according to the invention will comprise means for monitoring the level of liquid in the container of the apparatuses  40 , according to any known means, for example an electric level gauge  41 B, in order to stop the operation of the apparatuses, the liquid of which has been totally sprayed, and/or to carry out, manually or automatically, refilling of the containers with liquid, and/or simply to emit a warning signal. 
     Advantageously, also, the system according to the invention will comprise means for heating the liquid to be sprayed, for example by means of Peltier effect modules, situated below the container of the apparatuses  40 . The system will equally comprise temperature sensors  41 C for the liquid, in order to monitor and to control the operation of the Peltier effect modules relative to a temperature input command for the liquid. The system according to the invention will advantageously comprise one or more base plates, each of which permits at least one apparatus according to the invention to be supported and maintained, a base plate to which will be connected the heating means as well as one or more temperature sensors  41 C. 
     Advantageously, also, the system according to the invention will comprise sensors  41 D for the ambient temperature, and sensors  41 E which permit measurement of the hygrometry. 
     The sensors  41 A to  41 E will be connected to the controlling and monitoring electronics  43 , in order to permit, advantageously, an automatic operation of the system according to the invention relative to the measurements transmitted by these sensors. 
     The above-described system according to the invention is particularly suitable for the controlled diffusion of scents into the atmosphere, which scents may be different according to the apparatuses and the places in which these apparatuses are situated.