Abstract:
A break line launch energy damper and recoil limiting system for line charges absorbs and dissipates launch energy over time during deployment of line charges. This system limits the amount of recoil energy that can act upon the line charge and allows for linear deployment without recoil that might hinder the effectiveness of the rear lengths of the line charge. An elongate strength member connects the line charge to an inertial drag, such as a parachute and/or container for the line charge. A plurality of lines having different tensile strengths are appropriately connected to sequentially part when their tensile strengths are exceeded to thereby absorb and dissipate energy during deployment of the line charge.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This is a continuation in part of U.S. patent applications entitled “Reliable and Effective Line Charge System” by Felipe Garcia et al., U.S. Patent and Trademark Office Ser. No. 09/012,932 (NC 78,433), filed Jan. 24, 1998, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,205,903; “Line Charge Insensitive Munition Warhead” by Felipe Garcia et al., U.S. Patent and Trademark Office Ser. No. 08/944,049 (NC 78,448), filed Sept. 12, 1997, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,932,835; “Line Charge Connector” by Felipe Garcia et al., U.S. Patent and Trademark Office Ser. No. 09/030,518 (NC 78,635), filed Feb. 23, 1998, now abandoned; and “Line Charge Fastener and Detonating Cord Guide” by Felipe Garcia et al., U.S. Patent and Trademark Office Ser. No. 09/034772 (NC 78,878), filed Mar. 2, 1998, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,959,233 and incorporates all references and information thereof by reference herein. 
    
    
     STATEMENT OF GOVERNMENT INTEREST 
     The invention described herein may be manufactured and used by or for the Government of the United States of America for governmental purposes without the payment of any royalties thereon or therefor. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention relates to munitions deployed in line charges. In particular, this invention relates to a partially frangible link at one end of a line charge that limits recoil during deployment to assure linear deployment of the line charge without hindering the effectiveness of its rear lengths. 
     The use of line charge systems by the military to breach holes in mine and obstacle fields is well known. Usually, these systems are launched by rocket and deploy out of a box. The rocket pulls a line charge out of a container to fly downrange and drape over obstacles and mines. The line charge has a detonating cord, or other explosives butted end to end, and warheads that are surrounded by one or more strength members. The rocket is connected to the strength member and picks up and deploys the line charge downrange in a snake-like fashion. Upon landing, the line charge drapes over obstacles and mines. A short time later a fuze in the system detonates the explosives in the line charge to clear a path. 
     On deployment, for maximum effectiveness, the line charge should be pulled taut to lay out in full length. To achieve this end, line charges are connected to either parachutes, the launch container, or both. In the case of parachutes, if a tail wind is blowing during deployment, the rear of the line charge will move forward and loop past forward sections of the line charge in what is known as the “J” effect. In cases where the line charge is anchored to the container, the deployed line charge may have sufficient energy to recoil and spring forward. This may lift and move the entire container to such a degree that it will “J” forward and hence reduce its effective length. In line charges, where both containers and parachutes are used, the “J” effect is observed. 
     This “J” effect, is caused by excessive inertial energy being imparted to the rear of the line charge and results in looping of the explosive line in the line charge. When it is detonated, fratricide is likely to result. 
     Fratricide is defined as the condition whereby during the propagation of detonation along a length of the line charge, the detonation of the first elements of the line charge cuts the explosive train further along the length of line charge. This occurs prior to the arrival of the detonation front and stops the line charge from fully functioning along its entire length. 
     Consequently, the remaining section of line charge becomes a dud and leaves unsafe explosive elements within the path which was to have been cleared. This creation of sections of duds and the “J” effect always leaves areas within a mine and obstacle field uncleared and unsafe for transit. 
     Thus, in accordance with this inventive concept, a need has been recognized in the state of the art for reduction of recoil and the “J” effect associated with line charge deployment by dissipating the excessive inertia of the line charge during launch before movement by attached parachutes and/or containers. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention is directed to providing a damper system for a line charge. An elongate strength member connects the line charge to an inertial drag. A plurality of lines having different tensile strengths sequentially part when their tensile strengths are exceeded to absorb and dissipate energy during deployment of the line charge. 
     An object of the invention is to provide an energy damper to limit the recoil associated with line charge launches to eliminate the “J” effect. 
     Another object of the invention is to provide an energy damper to dissipate launch energy and limit the recoil of line charges during launch. 
     Another object of the invention is to provide a damper to increase the effective length of a deployed line charge. 
     Another object of the invention is to provide an energy damper used in series or in parallel with more dampers. 
     Another object of the invention is to provide an energy damper using fibrous materials to absorb launch energy. 
     Another object of the invention is to provide an energy damper that may be made as large as necessary to accommodate the amount of energy that needs to be dissipated and absorbed as determined by the size of the line charge and the excess energy imparted by rocket or mortar. 
     Another object of the invention is to provide an energy damper having different energy absorption and dissipation rates by configuring the system with break lines of various strengths, sizes, and material properties. 
     Another object of the invention is to provide an energy damper having any number of given lengths or diameters and fabricated from numerous materials including nylon. 
     Another object of the invention is to provide an energy damper for absorbing and dissipating launch energy over time during deployment of line charges. 
     Another object of the invention is to provide a damper limiting the amount of recoil energy that can act upon the line charge and allowing for linear deployment without recoil that hinders the effectiveness of the rear lengths of the line charge. 
     These and other objects of the invention will become more readily apparent from the ensuing specification when taken in conjunction with the appended claims. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING 
     FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of one embodiment of the energy damper in accordance with this invention. 
     FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of another embodiment of the energy damper according to this invention. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     A recent development in tactical ordnance assures the reliable breaching of holes or safe lanes across mine and obstacle laden areas. The lightweight and uncomplicated line charge has explosive charges detonated via a fabric reinforced and explosively filled detonating cord. The resulting line charge design, designated the anti-personnel obstacle breaching system (APOBS, MK 7  MOD  1 ), is relative low cost, simple, reliable, and useful for other weapon and non-weapon system applications. See the above cross-referenced patent applications for details of the line charge system. 
     The APOBS line charge is deployed by an interconnected rocket motor which pulls the line charge out of its container and across the obstacle laden area. After the line charge pays out completely from the container, a parachute, or drogue chute, that may be attached to the near end of the line charge, is pulled from the container, fills with air, and slows the outward travel of the line charge. The inertial drag created by the parachute straightens the length of the line charge to establish its effective length. In addition, since the container may remain attached to the near end of the line charge, the container creates an additional inertial drag that augments the drag created by the parachute. The combined drag credited to both the parachute and the container assures that the line charge is straightened out and that its travel down range is limited. 
     However, when the outward-bound line charge is fully extended, the container is often propelled forward with sufficient energy to cause the line charge to spring forward and loop past forward sections of the line charge. These phenomena are known as the “J” effect. The “J” effect is a consequence of the inertial forces attributed to the outward-bound line charge. 
     Referring to FIG. 1, the “J” effect is reduced by inclusion of damper system  10  of this invention which is a is combination energy damper and recoil limiter. Damper system  10  has an elongate strength member  11  connected in line with line charge  20  and pad eye  30 . Eye  30  is secured to structure  31  the container for line charge  20  and/or parachute (drogue chute) that provides inertial drag to counteract the inertial energy of line charge  20  as it is deployed by the rocket. Strength member  11  of damper  10  is connected to fuze  21  at near end  20   a  of line charge  20  and to eye  30  which extends from parachute and/or container structure  31  for line charge  20 . Rigging thimble  21   a  connects  22  far end  11   a  of strength member  11  to fuze  21  and threaded quick link  30   a  connects near end  11   b  of member  11  to eye  30  and structure  31 . 
     Strength member  11  may be made from braided nylon that has a tensile strength of about 500 pounds, for example, and is arranged in a serpentine-shaped configuration. Varying numbers of nylon break lines make up sets of break lines  12 ,  13 ,  14 ,  15 ,  16 , and  17  that are connected between successive turns  12   a ,  13   a ,  14   a ,  15   a ,  16   a , and  17   a . Break lines of sets  12 ,  13 ,  14 ,  15 ,  16 , and  17  have their opposite ends secured to strength member  11  by sewing, bonding, stitching, etc. Sets of break lines  12 ,  13 ,  14 ,  15 ,  16 , and  17  stretch and sustain different levels of tensile forces before they break. Set  17  is stronger than set  16 ; set  16  is stronger than set  15 ; set  15  is stronger than set  14 ; set  14  is stronger than set  13 ; and set  13  is stronger than set  12 . Typically, break line set  12  may sustain a tensile load of 10 pounds before it breaks; break line set  13  might sustain a tensile load of 30 pounds before it fails; break line set  14  may sustain a tensile load of 50 pounds before it breaks; break line set  15  may sustain a tensile load of 100 pounds before it parts; break line set  16  might sustain a tensile load of 200 pounds before it fails; and break line set  17  might sustain a tensile load of 300 pounds before it parts. It is to be understood that these strengths are designated as exemplary and are not intended to be limiting. 
     In operation, when line charge  20  is deployed and the rocket motor pulls it from its storage container, structural member  11  of damper system  10  is put into tension due to the inertia of the outward bound line charge  20 . As the tensile loads increase, the successive turns  12   a ,  13   a ,  14   a ,  15   a ,  16   a , and  17   a  of nylon strength member  11  begin to move apart. This movement stretches each successive set of break lines  12 ,  13 ,  14 ,  15 ,  16 , and  17  until each set snaps and releases energy. Sets of break lines  12 ,  13 ,  14 ,  15 ,  16 , and  17  are designed to stretch and absorb increasing amounts of energy before they break and dissipate the increasing amounts of energy. In this manner the entire damper system  10  absorbs energy and releases it over time as break lines  12 ,  13 ,  14 ,  15 , and  16  break and ultimately reduce the energy that would otherwise be available to pick up and sling the container forward. This effectively limits the “J” recoil potential to virtually neutralize this source of the “J” effect. 
     Referring to FIG. 2, modified damper system  10 ′ extends between an elongate strength member  16 ′ connected in line with line charge  20 ′ and pad eye  30 ′. Eye  30 ′ may be coupled to a container  31 ′ for line charge  20 ′ and/or parachute (drogue chute) that provides inertial drag to counteract the inertial energy of line charge  20 ′ as it is deployed by the rocket. Break lines  11 ′,  12 ′,  13 ′,  14 ′, and  15 ′ and strength member  16 ′ of damper system  10 ′ are connected to fuze  21 ′ at the near end  20   a ′ of line charge  20 ′ and to eye  30 ′ which extends from a parachute and/or container structure  31 ′ for line charge  20 ′. D-ring  21   a ′ is interposed between fuze  21 ′ and the far ends of break lines  11 ′,  12 ′,  13 ′,  14 ′, and  15 ′ and strength member  16 ′ to connect their far ends to fuze  21 ′ and D-ring  30   a ′ is interposed between eye  30 ′ and break lines  11 ′,  12 ′,  13 ′,  14 ′, and  15 ′ and strength member  16 ′ to connect their near ends to eye  30 ′ and structure  31 ′. 
     Damper system  10 ′ has lengths of nylon break lines  11 ′,  12 ′, it  13 ′,  14 ′, and  15 ′, and strength member  16 ′ connected to “D” or “O” ring  30   a ′ by thimbles at their near ends and “D” or “O” ring  21   a ′ by thimbles at their far ends. Each length of nylon break lines  11 ′,  12 ′,  13 ′,  14 ′, and  15 ′ is successively longer and proportionately stronger with larger diameters (more nylon fibers) to provide increased strengths. 
     Strength member  16 ′ is longer than break lines  11 ′,  12 ′,  13 ′,  14 ′ and  15 ′ and is the strongest, having a tensile strength of in the range of about 500 pounds, for example. Break lines  11 ′,  12 ′,  13 ′,  14 ′, and  15 ′ bear different tensile loads before they break. Break line  15 ′ is stronger than set  14 ′; break line  14 ′ is stronger than break line  13 ′; break line  13 ′ is stronger than break time  13 ′; break line  13 ′ is stronger than break line  12 ′; and break line  12 ′ is stronger than break line  11 ′. Typically, break line  11 ′ might bear a tensile load of 50 pounds before it parts; break line  12 ′ might bear a tensile load of 60 pounds before it fails; break line  13 ′ may sustain a tensile load of 70 pounds before it parts; break line  14 ′ might bear a tensile load of 80 pounds before it breaks; and break line  15 ′ might hold a tensile load of 90 pounds before it fails. These representative loads are intended to be for the purposes of demonstration and are not limiting on this invention. 
     As line charge  20 ′ is deployed and the rocket motor pulls it from its storage container, damper system  10 ′ is put into tension due to the inertia of the outward bound line charge  20 ′. As the tensile loads increase, each of successively longer break lines  11 ′,  12 ′,  13 ′,  14 ′, and  15 ′ stretches as it bears the increasing loads during deployment until it snaps and releases energy. Break lines  11 ′,  12 ′,  13 ′,  14 ′, and  15 ′, thus absorb increasing amounts of energy before they break and dissipate the increasing amounts of energy. Thus, damper system  10 ′ absorbs energy and releases it over time as break lines  11 ′,  12 ′,  13 ′,  14 ′, and  15 ′ stretch and break to ultimately reduce the energy that would otherwise be available to pick up and sling the container forward. This effectively limits the “J”-shaped recoil potential and virtually neutralizes this source of the “J” effect. 
     The longest line joining line charge  10 ′ to eye  30 ′ is strength member  16 ′. Strength member  16 ′ does not break because it is sufficiently strong to withstand the deployment forces. 
     In accordance with this invention damper systems  10  and  10 ′ are used to limit the recoil associated with line charge launches to eliminate the “J” effect by dissipating launch energy and limiting line charge recoil to thereby increase the effective length of a line charge on deployment. In addition, damper systems  10  and  10 ′ can be used in a series or in parallel with additional dampers or break lines to absorb energy and may make use of elastic fibrous materials other than nylon to absorb energy. Furthermore, damper systems  10  and  10 ′ can be made as large as necessary to accommodate the volume of material needed for energy absorption depending on the size of the line charge and the excess energy imparted by rocket or mortar. The energy absorption and dissipation rate of damper systems  10  and  10 ′ may vary by configuring the system with break lines of various strength, sizes, and material properties. The damper systems may have any given length or diameter and may be made from numerous materials other than nylon. 
     Accordingly, having this disclosure in mind, one skilled in the art to which this invention pertains will select and assemble various components with various assembly techniques from among a wide variety available in the art. For example, this invention could be adapted to applications other than the deployment of line charges. The invention could find application wherever an object or component is accelerated or displaced away from another body which serves as an inertial drag to prevent excessive acceleration or displacement of the component from the other body. Such an application could be where a lifeline or flexible hose is extended from one location to link it with another, or where a load is dropped from an aircraft, ship, etc. Therefore, this disclosure is not to be construed as limiting, but rather, is intended to be demonstrative of this inventive concept. 
     Other line charge systems may make use of damper systems  10  and  10 ′ by placing them in series or parallel connection within a line charge system. Dampers  10  and  10 ′ are scalar and may be made to contain various sizes of stretchable, and/or flowable materials for energy absorption. Numerous dampers may be located within a line charge (i.e. between charges) in any combination as required. 
     It should be readily understood that many modifications and variations of the present invention are possible within the purview of the claimed invention. It is to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described.