Abstract:
Portable and retractable artificial trees including a first generally cylindrical, hollow trunk portion including an upper end, the upper end defining a notch, and a second generally cylindrical trunk portion including a body portion, a lower end having an insertable portion, and an upper end. The artificial trees further include separable, modular tree portions mechanically connectable, controllable and lockable between trunk and branch portions is provided. The proposed system may be transported by any means for convenience, including by rail, fork-truck, or otherwise according to a size from a few centimeters to twenty meters or more. The tree has an elongated trunk and a series of branch assemblies spaced upon its trunk mechanically and electrically interconnected to a base device for retracting, expanding, or otherwise controlling the branch assemblies.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application relates to U.S. Prov. Ser. No. 61/990,198 filed May 8, 2014, U.S. Prov. Ser. No. 61/944,802 filed Feb. 26, 2014, and U.S. Prov. Ser. No. 61/969,563 filed Mar. 24, 2014, the entire contents of each of which are incorporated herein fully by reference. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    1. Field of the Invention 
         [0003]    The present invention relates generally to artificial plants or trees, and to an improved artificial tree apparatus that is easily assembled, disassembled, and transported by any means including by rail and fork-truck, and which may be of any suitable size and height from a few centimeters to twenty meters or even more depending upon a user&#39;s desire. More specifically, the present invention is directed to portable and retractable artificial trees having separable, modular tree portions mechanically connectable, controllable and lockable between trunk and branch portions, and which may be controlled by direct wire control, by remote control (wireless via Radio Frequency (RF), Infra-Red (IR), BlueTooth®, or any other remote control convention), and via one or a series of process controllers by remote signals sent over an electronic medium (e.g., control signals sent via an Internet portal from a distant unit, desk-top, hand-held-PDA-type unit, or otherwise). 
         [0004]    2. Description of the Related Art 
         [0005]    Artificial trees are well known. Most artificial trees comprise a multiplicity of separate branches each formed of a plurality of plastic needles held together by twisting a pair of wires about them. In other instances, the branches are formed by twisting a pair of wires about an elongated sheet of plastic material having a large multiplicity of transverse slits. In still other artificial trees, the branches are formed by injection molding of plastic. 
         [0006]    Irrespective of the form of branch, the most common form of artificial tree comprises a wooden simulated trunk having a plurality of spaced apart apertures for reception of branches therein to thereby hold the branches in radially extending relation to the trunk to form the artificial tree. For purposes of storage, the branches are removable, requiring the repositioning of the branches on the trunk each time the tree is reassembled. The difficulty of this task is, however, somewhat reduced by color coding the apertures on the trunk with the ends of the branches. 
         [0007]    To provide a tree which can be stored without occupying an unduly large amount of space and yet to avoid the need for totally dismantling the tree and re-assembling for further use, it has been previously proposed to permanently pivotally affix the artificial branches of an artificial tree to the trunk thereof to permit movement of the branches between an outwardly deployed position and a storage position in which the branches lie close to the trunk and thereby occupy a comparatively small space. However, such trees require elaborate assembly techniques, and somewhat complex structure, thereby rendering both of these prior art patents of little importance in commercial development of artificial trees. 
         [0008]    Also known are artificial trees with foldable branches. The structures disclosed therein, however, require that the trunk be apertured to permit insertion of either the rear ends of the branches or of a branch connecting member therein. In addition, the structure requires some form of bifurcation at the ends of the branches, which bifurcation requires special tooling not heretofore employed in the making of artificial trees. 
         [0009]    To avoid the necessity of aperturing the trunk, it has been suggested to provide a branch holder which may be secured to the trunk of the tree and to which a branch or branches may be secured for pivotal movement between an extended position and a collapsed position. For example, a branch holder for pivotally securing a single branch to the trunk has been provided. However, the separate manipulation of branches for deployment and storage is time consuming and conducive to uneven deployment of the branches. 
         [0010]    Artificial trees constructed of metal and/or plastic have become more commonly substituted for natural evergreen trees when decorating homes, offices, and other spaces, both indoors and outdoors. Such artificial trees generally include multiple tree sections joined at the trunk and held erect by a floor-based tree stand. Sometimes, consumers wrap strings of lights about the artificial tree (e.g., a Christmas tree) to enhance the decorative quality of the tree display. Some artificial trees are “pre-lit” trees to ease the burden on consumers of decorating the tree with strings of lights. Typical pre-lit trees include an artificial tree with multiple standard light strings distributed about the exterior of the tree. Wires of the light string are clipped to branch structures, while plug ends dangle throughout the branches. 
         [0011]    Often, in both non-pre-lit and pre-lit trees, the connection of light strings spans more than one trunk section. If a particular trunk section is allowed to spin, the wiring of the light strings can become twisted. When twisted, light strings are at risk of plug and end connector damage and are even at risk of breaks. Safety can therefore be compromised if a trunk section is allowed to spin. Further, if a particular trunk section is allowed to spin, the tree can be difficult to decorate, as it can be difficult to arrange light strings or ornaments on a moving section of tree. Additionally, trees are often placed in the corners of rooms or up against walls. Once decorated, it is desirable for the sections of the tree to remain fixed, as the wall-facing or corner-facing sides are often left undecorated. It is therefore beneficial for artificial tree trunk sections to remain fixed in place. 
         [0012]    Similarly, a sloppy fit between trunk sections can create wobble or unwanted tilt between sections. This can leave the tree unstable and at risk of toppling if bumped or touched. Also, a non-vertical section is undesirable from an aesthetic perspective, as a slanted tree looks visually less impressive than a perfectly vertical tree. Therefore, it is desirable to have an extremely tight fit between tree trunk sections which ensures a completely vertical tree. 
         [0013]    Additionally, as the popularity of both pre-lit and non-pre-lit artificial trees has grown, so to have the bulk and complexity of artificial trees. Not only has the number and density of branches of a typical artificial tree increased, but, for pre-lit trees, the increase in number and density of branches likewise increases the number of lights and light strings. As a result, the weight and bulk of artificial trees has increased, thus making it difficult to lift and align individual trunk sections when assembling the tree. 
         [0014]    Further adding to the difficulty of lifting and aligning individual trunk sections is the advent of the locking trunk section. Manufacturers have created a number of artificial trees that have locking trunk sections. These trunks have either a protrusion or void, respectively, and are insertable in only one rotational alignment into the corresponding void or protrusion, respectively, of the receiving trunk portion. Such a design provides a friction fit such that the two trunk portions cannot spin relative to one another. However, as mentioned above, because of the weight and bulk of the artificial trees, it is often difficult to perfectly align the individual trunk sections. Consumers must first locate the alignment mark on the receiving portion, then locate the corresponding alignment mark on the insertable portion, and finally adjoin the two perfectly in the identified alignment. Thus, it is desirable for trunk sections to fit universally in any rotational orientation with the receiving portion of the receiving trunk to provide a secure, tight fit between trunk sections. 
         [0015]    Some known inventions have attempted to make artificial trees more convenient to put together. For example, a simple artificial tree with one embodiment having multiple tree sections that join together is known. The tree includes single bulbs at each end of a branch, with bulb wiring extending from inside a trunk through hollow branches. A bayonet fitting is used to adjoin the sections, a top section having a projecting pin, and a bottom section having an L-shaped bayonet slot. The two sections are coupled by aligning the projection pin with the bayonet slot and rotating to interlock the sections, thereby bringing a pair of spring contacts into alignment with a pair of terminals to make an electrical connection. 
         [0016]    Another known artificial tree is a pre-lit tree made in sections which may be folded for easy storage. The individual tree sections include a threaded male end and a threaded female socket end. The male end of a tree section is screwed into the female end of another section. Wiring for the lights passes from the trunk through holes in branches and connects with individual lights at an interior of the branch. When the tree is screwed together, an electrical connection is made. 
         [0017]    In another example of an artificial tree an internal sleeve sized to receive a tree trunk is utilized. The sleeve is coupled to a base section and positioned to receive the tree trunk. The sleeve is provided with longitudinally aligned friction strips that are spaced apart and tapered in height to increase the amount of friction presented to an inserted trunk. When the trunk cylinder is inserted into the sleeve, the friction strips of the sleeve press against the wall of the trunk to secure the tree. 
         [0018]    One such combination artificial tree-lighting arrangement includes a generally elongated tree trunk. The combination also includes a plurality of connecting components mountable on the tree trunk and a plurality of display components mountable on the connecting components. Each display component has tree limbs and lighting cables extending therefrom. The lighting cables are provided with decorative lights. An electrical circuitry connectable to an electrical power source is attachable to the connecting components. The electrical circuitry includes a connecting component-to-light coupling arrangement for electrically coupling the connecting components to the decorative lights. The connecting component-to-light coupling arrangement allows the display components to rotate relative to the connecting components about a rotation axis substantially parallel to the trunk longitudinal axis while maintaining the electrical coupling between the connecting components and the decorative lights. 
         [0019]    Another such artificial tree includes a plurality of twigs, a channel element, a number of inserts, and a hook-like member. Each twig is inserted through an aperture in the insert and the insert, in turn, is placed in and secured in the channel element. The hook-like member has a short side used to secure the branch to an artificial trunk and a long side secured in the channel element. Optical fibers are associated with the twigs of the panel branch. Each optical fiber is threaded through an aperture in an insert and gathered into a bundle. A socket with a light source is provided to receive the bundle of optical fibers such that the branch is lighted. 
         [0020]    There also exists an illuminated artificial tree having a display position and a folded position constructed of an odd number of upright wire mesh panels hingedly attached at their vertical inner edges, the panels including a first end panel, a second end panel and a plurality of intermediate panels between the first and second end panels. A string of decorative lights are attached in a plurality of spaced, reversed loops, the string extending from adjacent the lower edge of the first panel around the intermediate panels to the second panel, then upwardly along the outer edge of the second panel, and then back around the outer edges of the intermediate panels to the first panel, thereby permitting folding of the tree without removal of the light string. 
         [0021]    Another artificial tree structure with decorative lamps includes a plurality of hollow tubes or iron wires of various lengths, in the shape of tree branches, arranged from top to bottom around the main trunk supported by detachable legs. On each side sticks are installed a plurality of iron wires to form the shape of tree branches. The exterior of the hollow tubes or iron wires is wound by dense tree leaves. The lamps installed in the hollow tubes or on the iron wires are serially connected to become decorative lamp strings. The decorative lamp strings are then combined in parallel connection, running down the main trunk to be connected to a control box and a power transformer. The structure described above provides the artificial tree with decorative lamps, using the control box to produce music and lighting effects of different luminosity and flashing speeds. 
         [0022]    Still another artificial tree includes a central trunk, a number of main branches suspended from an upper portion of the trunk in a downwardly and outwardly inclined orientation, and a preformed tree top section extending upwardly from the upper portion of the trunk. Each main branch includes a number of sub-branch clusters and a bundle of fiber optic conduits which terminate in the sub-branches. The bundles of fiber optic conduits are received in an opaque enclosure housing a high intensity light source, which enclosure is attached to the upper portion of the trunk. Electric lights are disclosed as an alternative means to illuminate the tree. The trunk includes upwardly open hook elements which receive pin elements within the interior of rigid support members of the main branches. Each sub-branch cluster is pivotally connected to an associated rigid support member to articulate between a collapsed position for storage and shipping, and an extended position for display. 
         [0023]    Yet another artificial tree comprises both an artificial tree, having a stand and trunk with attachable branches, and various electrical components. The trunk portion of the tree is composed of a plurality of coupled sections which are joined together in a vertical orientation, and each of which has holes for branches to be inserted. The trunk pieces also have electrical sockets which are internally connected to the base of the trunk. The base of the trunk has attached to it another electrical socket and a master power cable. In use, the tree is assembled as any standard artificial tree, connecting trunk pieces together, and inserting into them branches of various sizes. Any conventional ornament or lighting fixture may be hung on these branches, and plugged into the trunk for power requirements. A stand at the base of the trunk provides stability, and internal circuit breakers provide assurance against fire. A line from the trunk is plugged into a powered electrical to provide power to the entire tree. 
         [0024]    Also known is an illuminated artificial tree in which a plurality of branches extend from a trunk of the tree, each branch being formed by spirally winding a strip assembly of a plurality of juxtaposed fiber optic elements and simulated pine needles on an elongated support wire. The fiber optic elements and simulated pine needles extend around the wire in adjacent relation to provide an interspersed array of pine needles and fiber optic elements all along the length of the branch. The fiber optic elements are illuminated at the base of the tree to provide points of light substantially all around each branch along its entire length. A number of branches are assembled along the trunk from the top down. 
         [0025]    The foregoing generally reflects the current known state of the art. However, such known trees still require significant manipulation and handling of the tree sections to securely align and couple the sections together. Further, such known trees fail to disclose adequate mechanical coupling and connection devices and methods that allow for a universal, snug fit that meet the needs of consumers utilizing artificial trees. It is believed that none of the above discloses, teaches, suggests, shows, or otherwise renders obvious, either singly or when considered in combination, the invention described and claimed herein. 
         [0026]    Accordingly, there is a need for an improved artificial tree that is automatically or manually easily retractable so as to minimize or prevent damage due to, for example, wind by improving the control of the artificial branch limbs and leaf limbs on such artificial trees. Further, there is also a need to improve the efficiency of assembly, retraction, storage and portability of artificial trees. 
       ASPECTS AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0027]    The present invention substantially meets the aforementioned needs of the industry. An apparatus for a portable and retractable artificial tree, the apparatus comprising a plurality of trunk members having a generally cylindrical body with an outer wall and an inner cavity, the trunk members each having an upper portion and lower portion, wherein the upper portion of a first one of the trunk members has an outside diameter for interconnecting with the lower portion of a second one of the trunk members when brought into juxtaposition with each other; a plurality of branch assemblies each connected to an opening on the outer wall of at least one of the trunk members; and a plurality of lever arms disposed within the inner cavity having upper ends pivotably attached to the branch assemblies to allow control of the branch assemblies by movement of the lever arms in vertical paths within the inner cavity. The tree has an elongated trunk and a series of branch assemblies spaced upon its trunk mechanically and electrically interconnected to a base device for retracting, expanding, or otherwise controlling the branch assemblies. Optionally, the base controller may retract, expand, reposition or otherwise control a plurality of secondary branch assemblies (or leaf or power generation (solar-type) assemblies) positioned along each of the branch assemblies. The invention also allows for operational and manipulation control by direct wired control, by remote control (wireless via Radio Frequency (RF), Infra-Red (IR), BlueTooth®, or any other remote-control convention), or via one or a series of process controllers by remote signals sent over an electronic medium (e.g., control signals sent via an internet portal from a distant unit, desk-top, hand-held-PDA-type unit, or otherwise). 
         [0028]    Preferably, the artificial tree branch assembly contains a plurality of secondary branch assemblies, where the secondary branch assemblies are either uniformly or non-uniformly spaced apart from one another upon each of the branch assemblies. Also, in the expanded state the branch assemblies extend outwardly at an angle of between about 30 to 90 degrees with respect to the trunk. When in a narrow state the branch assemblies extend outwardly at an angle of between about 0 to 30 degrees with respect to the trunk. 
         [0029]    Another embodiment of the present invention provides a portable and retractable artificial tree transformable between a narrow vertical state and an expanded state, wherein the artificial tree comprises a generally cylindrical rigid trunk having upper and lower ends, the trunk having an outer wall and an inner cavity; a base constructed to engage the lower end to support the trunk in a substantially vertical upright position; a plurality of branch assemblies interconnected with the trunk through openings in the outer wall; and a plurality of lever arms disposed within the inner cavity having upper ends pivotably attached to the branch assemblies to allow movement of the lever arms in vertical paths within the cavity and provide movement of the branch assemblies; wherein each the branch assembly is pivotably attached to at least one of the plurality of lever arms by extending through a borehole in the trunk; and whereby controlled sliding movement of the lever arms causes the branch assemblies to be displaced from the trunk upwardly angled therefrom to produce an expanded state of the tree, and opposite controlled movement of the lever arms causes the branch assemblies to be drawn close to the trunk in substantially parallel alignment therewith to produce a narrow state of the tree. 
         [0030]    According to another embodiment of the present invention, a coupling mechanism like a securing sleeve or securing plug is provided to assist in joining two sections of artificial tree trunk. The sleeve or plug is receivable in a lower trunk portion and subsequently provides an aperture for receiving an upper trunk portion. The sleeve is made, for example, of plastic or rubberized material, thus making it more malleable than the metal or other nonmalleable trunk material. As such, the sleeve is able to form to the shape of both trunk portions and within any gaps present due to imperfections in the machining process to provide a more secure fit than coupling the trunk portions directly. As such, the sleeve provides a locking mechanism for the connected trunk portions. Thus, trunk portions are not allowed to spin relative to one another and remain fixed in place. There is no risk of light string damage due to twisting of the trunk sections. Additionally, the tree is easier to decorate, as the sections remain in one secured configuration. Further, one decorated, the tree is fixed in place. Also, such a fit provides for a perfectly upright tree. No tilt or wobble between trunk portions is allowed, thus making for a more visually appealing and safer tree. 
         [0031]    The present invention relates to an apparatus for a portable and retractable artificial tree, the apparatus comprising a plurality of trunk members having a generally cylindrical body with an outer wall and an inner cavity, the trunk members each having an upper portion and lower portion, wherein the upper portion of a first one of the trunk members has an outside diameter for interconnecting with the lower portion of a second one of the trunk members when brought into juxtaposition with each other, a plurality of branch assemblies each connected to an opening on the outer wall of at least one of the trunk members, and a plurality of lever arms disposed within the inner cavity having upper ends pivotably attached to the branch assemblies to allow control of the branch assemblies by movement of the lever arms in vertical paths within the inner cavity. 
         [0032]    Also provided is an artificial tree apparatus wherein the first trunk member upper portion comprises a reduced diameter and a detent for interconnection with the second trunk lower portion having a guide slot, wherein at least one of the branch assemblies further comprises one or more secondary branch assemblies connected to the lever arms through openings in the one of the branch assemblies. In addition, the lever arms may control the vertical movement of the branch assemblies and/or the vertical or lateral movement of the secondary branch assemblies. The detent on the upper portion of one of the trunk members is positioned for alignment with a recess in the lower portion of the second one of the second trunk member. The lever arms are preferably located in the inner cavity and are accessed through the outer wall. 
         [0033]    The artificial tree apparatus may further comprise a base device for maintaining the trunk in a substantially vertical position, the base device housing a controller for controlling the branch assemblies using the lever arms. Preferably, a lower most portion of the trunk is attached to the base device, and an electrical line may be positioned in the inner cavity, and wherein the outer wall may include one or more electrical receptacles connected to the electrical line. 
         [0034]    Also disclosed is a portable and retractable artificial tree transformable between a narrow vertical state and an expanded state, wherein the artificial tree comprises a generally cylindrical rigid trunk having upper and lower ends, the trunk having an outer wall and an inner cavity; a base constructed to engage the lower end to support the trunk in a substantially vertical upright position; a plurality of branch assemblies interconnected with the trunk through openings in the outer wall; and a plurality of lever arms disposed within the inner cavity having upper ends pivotably attached to the branch assemblies to allow movement of the lever arms in vertical paths within the cavity and provide movement of the branch assemblies; wherein each the branch assembly is pivotably attached to at least one of the plurality of lever arms by extending through a borehole in the trunk; and whereby controlled sliding movement of the lever arms causes the branch assemblies to be displaced from the trunk upwardly angled therefrom to produce an expanded state of the tree, and opposite controlled movement of the lever arms causes the branch assemblies to be drawn close to the trunk in substantially parallel alignment therewith to produce a narrow state of the tree. 
         [0035]    The artificial tree according to the invention further includes each branch assembly containing a plurality of secondary branch assemblies, or leaf assemblies. Preferably, the secondary branch assemblies are non-uniformly spaced apart from one another upon each of the branch assemblies, while the branch assemblies are uniformly spaced upon the trunk. In an expanded state the branch assemblies extend outwardly at an angle of between about 30 to 90 degrees with respect to the trunk. On the other hand, in a narrow state the branch assemblies extend outwardly at an angle of between about 0 to 30 degrees with respect to the trunk. 
         [0036]    The artificial tree according to the invention further optionally may include any form of tree or leaf type (from conifer, to deciduous, to palm, etc.) without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention, and may also be of any suitable size, from small (several centimeters—for counter use) to many meters (even more than twenty-meters (60 feet) or more for use in large building atriums or for sporting events or entertainment events. 
         [0037]    The artificial tree according to the invention further optionally may include in addition to the secondary branches and foliage, the use of power generation systems that are interconnected with the operational control systems for the device, for example, such as the use of solar-cells (crystalline or amorphous silica, or otherwise) on the ‘leaf’ shapes so that the proposed artificial tree may generate power sufficient to power operation of the proposed system. It will be additionally understood, that the artificial tree according to the invention may be powered by self-generated power (via solar systems or wind systems or battery linkages for the same) or by external power (via a remote power supply or via supplied battery power). 
         [0038]    Optionally, the artificial tree according to the present invention also provides a universal fit between trunk sections (i.e., for easy interconnection with other artificial trees). Consumers do not need to locate any alignment marks between insertable trunk portions and receivable trunk portions in order to lock the two portions. In one embodiment of the present invention, a “blossom” shape allows for as many as six different rotational configurations for insertion and locking of the insertable trunk portion to the receivable trunk portion. In another embodiment of the present invention, a hexagonal shape allows for a similar six different rotational configurations. In such embodiments, the consumer can assemble two trunk portions by first resting the insertable upper portion on top of the receivable lower portion (with sleeve) and making minor rotations until the insertable upper portion slides into the receivable lower portion. No visual alignment is necessary; insertion and locking can be done only on feel, which can be important when bulky and heavy branches weigh down each trunk section. In other embodiments, other shapes are also considered. 
         [0039]    The present invention is directed to an artificial tree trunk that includes a first trunk portion that may be mechanically coupled to a second trunk portion via an intermediate securing sleeve. The first trunk portion is substantially hollow and generally includes a plurality of branch rings attached to the outside wall of the trunk and at least one notch located on the end distal the end secured to a base or stand. The notch and substantially hollow trunk are able to receive a securing sleeve. The securing sleeve includes at least one flange of the same shape as the notch of the first trunk portion such that the sleeve is insertable and securable to the first trunk portion. The length of the sleeve is shaped to contour the shape of the second trunk portion such that the first trunk portion and second trunk portion make a snug fit and cannot rotate relative to each other. The second trunk portion is substantially hollow and generally includes a plurality of branch rings attached to the outside wall of the trunk. The end of the second trunk portion insertable into the securing sleeve and first trunk portion is shaped such that, once inserted, the first trunk portion and second trunk portion make a secure fit and cannot rotate relative to each other. Each branch ring on both the first and second trunk portions generally contains a plurality of veins for receiving individual tree branches. Each vein contains an aperture for inserting a locking pin to thereby secure each branch to each vein. 
         [0040]    Optionally, the present invention can include a securing plug operably couplable to the second trunk portion and a third trunk portion insertable into the securing plug. In such an embodiment, the second trunk portion has at least one notch located on the end distal the end secured to the first trunk portion. The notch and substantially hollow trunk are able to receive a securing plug. The securing plug includes at least one flange of the same shape as the notch of the second trunk portion such that the plug is insertable and securable to the second trunk portion. The plug contains an aperture for receiving the third trunk portion. The third trunk portion generally has branches operably coupled to the third trunk portion. In another embodiment, the third trunk portion has a branch ring, square, or any other useful shape that mirrors the shape of the third trunk portion, with veins and apertures for securing branches, just as described in the first and second trunk portions. 
         [0041]    The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. For example, while the above description recites first, second, and optionally, third trunk portions, in fact, the present invention is designed such that it is scalable to both taller and shorter implementations. In one example, in a room with 20-foot ceilings, a tree having more than three trunk portions may be desired. Having more trunk portions not only allows the tree to be built taller, but can aid in assembly and disassembly. In such an embodiment, a securing sleeve is provided not only at the junction of the first trunk portion and the second trunk portion, but also for the second trunk portion and a third trunk portion, the third trunk portion and a fourth trunk portion, and so on. The fit provided by the securing sleeves and securing plugs ensures that the entire tree remains stable and each trunk portion cannot rotate relative to any other trunk portion. In another example, a shorter tree having only two trunk portions is considered, whereby a single securing sleeve at the junction between first and second trunk portions is needed. Such trees may be useful for rooms with shorter ceilings, or for placement on tables or stands. 
         [0042]    In another embodiment, the present invention comprises a locking artificial tree trunk. The tree trunk includes a first generally cylindrical, hollow trunk portion including an upper end, the upper end defining a notch; a second generally cylindrical trunk portion including a body portion, a lower end having an insertable portion, and an upper end; and a coupling mechanism including a body portion and an upper portion having a tab, and defining a channel for receiving the insertable portion of the lower end of the second trunk portion. The body portion is inserted substantially into the upper end of the first trunk portion with the tab of the upper portion aligned with the notch, thereby preventing rotation of the coupling mechanism within the upper end of the first trunk portion. 
         [0043]    In another embodiment, the present invention includes an artificial tree. The tree includes a locking artificial trunk, the trunk including: a first generally cylindrical, hollow trunk portion including an upper end, the upper end defining a notch; a second generally cylindrical trunk portion including a body portion, a lower end having an insertable portion, and an upper end; and a coupling mechanism including a body portion and an upper portion having a tab, and defining a channel for receiving the insertable portion of the lower end of the second trunk portion. The sleeve body portion is inserted substantially into the upper end of the first trunk portion with the tab of the upper portion aligned with the notch, thereby preventing rotation of the coupling mechanism within the upper end of the first trunk portion. The tree also includes a plurality of branch-support rings affixed to the first and second trunk portions, a plurality of branches connected to the plurality of branch-support trunk rings, and a base defining a receiver having an inside diameter larger than an outside diameter of the lower portion of the first trunk portion such that the first trunk portion is insertable into the receiver of the base. 
         [0044]    In yet another embodiment, the present invention comprises a multi-positional interlocking artificial tree trunk. The tree trunk includes a first generally cylindrical, hollow trunk portion including an upper end, a second generally cylindrical trunk portion including a lower end having an insertable portion, and an upper end. The trunk also includes a coupling mechanism inserted substantially into the upper end of the first trunk portion, the coupling mechanism including a body portion and an upper portion, and defining a channel for receiving the insertable portion of the lower end of the second trunk portion. The insertable portion forms an insertable, non-circular cross-section and the channel defines a non-circular channel cross-section that is complementary to, and circumferentially larger than, the insertable cross-section such that the insertable portion is insertable into the channel to secure the first trunk portion to the coupling mechanism in one of a plurality of relative rotational positions, thereby preventing rotation of the second trunk portion relative to the coupling mechanism. 
         [0045]    The present invention further provides an artificial tree apparatus having a plurality of tree trunk segments that couple together to provide electrical power to receptacles on each of the segments. The apparatus includes a first trunk segment having a cylindrical body with an outside wall and an internal cavity. The first trunk segment has an upper portion and lower portion, the upper portion having an outside diameter, a raised decent on the outside wall, and an end face bearing an electrical connector such as a socket. A second trunk segment also has a cylindrical body with an outside wall and an internal cavity, and also has an upper portion and lower portion, this lower portion having an inside diameter marginally greater than the first trunk segment upper portion outside diameter so that the first trunk segment upper portion can slide into and engage the second trunk segment lower portion. The second trunk segment lower portion has a notch or guide slot in the outside wall, and a recessed end face bearing an electrical connector such as a plug. An electrical line is connected to the first trunk segment electrical connector, such that when the first trunk segment upper portion is brought into juxtaposition with the second trunk segment lower portion, the detent on the first trunk segment upper portion can be brought into alignment with and slidably engage with the guide slot on the second trunk segment lower portion to permit connection of the first trunk segment electrical connector (socket) with the second trunk segment electrical connector (plug). 
         [0046]    The recessed location of the plug on the second segment protects the plug prongs, and connection with the corresponding socket on the first segment is only possible when the detent on the first segment has been aligned with the guide slot on the second segment. That is, the plug and socket are positioned within their respective trunk segments so that not until the detent and guide slot on the segments are properly aligned are the plug prongs and the socket holes capable of connection. 
         [0047]    The cylindrical shapes of the corresponding tree trunk segments facilitates connection of the segments, as juxtaposition and initial insertion of the first (male) segment into the second (female) segment can be achieved at any angular position, that is, the smaller diameter male portion can freely rotate within the larger diameter female portion when they are first inserted together. However, by locating the raised detent a short distance (offset) from the socket on the end face, complete connection of the plug prongs with the socket is prevented until the two segments are rotated relative to one another until the guide slot and detent are properly aligned, ensuring that the plug prongs will then slide straight into the socket holes. 
         [0048]    The artificial tree apparatus of the present invention thus provides an improved coupling arrangement for the trunk portions of an artificial tree in which each section, besides connecting easily, carries current and any other important electrical information or commands via the tree column. Each section is thus electrically contained, meaning that the lighting source (string), whether it be incandescent or LED plug in strings (AC) or strictly DC operated LED strings, connects/plugs into its corresponding section of the column (trunk) of the tree. This design will also work for unlit trees (where the consumer strings the tree) but is mostly considered for pre-lit trees. 
         [0049]    Each section of the tree couples with its connecting partner, thus delivering the current through the column of the tree from a connector/controller/plug that plugs into an AC socket. This makes assembly and disassembly much easier for the user. No need to plug individual strings together or plug strings from one section of tree to another or run long electrical leaders to other areas of the tree. To assemble, just couple each section together and turn it on. Each section of column couples together mechanically and electrically. To disassemble, just fold up the branches up and de-couple each section. 
         [0050]    One embodiment of the inventive apparatus includes a DC motor in the base that allows the tree to rotate. A wireless remote control allows the user to turn the lights on and off and turn the rotation motor on and off via the power/controller box (power transformer/light controller/tree rotation controller box). A tapered top section perfectly connects with a tree topper socket. A DC version may be different in that it has DC socket connections in the column of the tree instead of AC sockets. On this version the voltage is reduced at the controller box plugged in at the wall so all voltage beyond that point is low voltage. The controller box may contain a voice activated light controller, and in the DC version the user may be able to turn the tree lights on and off via a special touch sensor ornament (e.g., a metal snowflake) that is permanently attached to the tree. 
         [0051]    In one embodiment, small DC connector interfaces are placed on the middle column of the tree (trunk). This enables pre lit trees that are lit with low voltage LED strings that connect directly into the middle column of the tree. If one string goes out the user can easily identify the rogue string, unplug it and replace it with a working string. Gone are the days of strings all connected together in a confusing mess. The coupling system between each section of tree in the DC version may be different than the AC version. These extra connectors allow for additional information transfer from the controller/voltage box to the tree; e.g., a touch activated on/off switch built into the tree, lighting effects, etc. 
         [0052]    The top section of the middle column may have one or more AC type plug; this allows the user to plug some already existing low voltage device, such as an illuminated tree topper into the tree without having to run an extension cord down to the floor and into an outlet. 
         [0053]    It is therefore an aspect of the present invention to provide a new and improved artificial tree. 
         [0054]    It is another aspect of the present invention to provide a new and improved artificial illuminated tree that is easily assembled and disassembled. 
         [0055]    A further aspect or feature of the present invention is a new and improved artificial tree that carries current and any other important electrical information or commands via the tree column. 
         [0056]    An even further aspect of the present invention is to provide a novel artificial tree where the lighting source plugs into its corresponding section of the column (trunk) of the tree. 
         [0057]    It is accordingly an aspect of the present invention to provide an artificial tree which can be easily erected from a collapsed compact storage state. 
         [0058]    It is a further aspect of this invention to provide an artificial tree as in the foregoing aspects whose branches are sufficient in number and distribution to provide a tree having a full and uniform appearance. 
         [0059]    It is another aspect of the present invention to provide an artificial tree of the aforesaid nature of rugged and durable construction amenable to low cost manufacture. 
         [0060]    The above and other beneficial aspects and advantages are accomplished in accordance with the present invention by an artificial tree comprising an elongated rigid trunk having upper and lower extremities, a base adapted to engage the lower extremity in a manner to support the trunk in a vertically upright disposition in the erected state of the tree, and a series of branch assemblies positioned upon the trunk, each assembly comprising an upper collar slidably disposed upon the trunk, a number of first lever arms uniformly disposed about the trunk, having upper extremities pivotably attached to the upper collar in a manner permitting movement of the arms in vertical paths, the arms being downwardly angled away from the trunk to lowermost extremities, a lower collar affixed to the trunk, a second lever arm associated with each first lever arm in vertically coplanar relationship, each second lever arm having a lower extremity pivotably attached to the lower collar in a manner permitting movement of the arm in a vertical path, the second arms being upwardly angled away from the trunk to an uppermost extremity which pivotably engages the associated first lever arm, an elongated branch element pivotably attached to the lowermost extremity of each first lever arm and extending between an outermost extremity and an innermost extremity located below the first lever arm, and a third lever arm pivotably interconnected to each second lever arm and the innermost extremity of the associated branch element to form a parallelogram having pivotal movement at its four apexes, whereby sliding movement of the upper collar downwardly upon the trunk toward the lower collar causes the branch elements to be laterally displaced from the trunk and upwardly angled therefrom to produce the erected state of the tree, and opposite movement of the upper collar causes the first, second and third lever arms and branch elements to be drawn close to the trunk and in substantially coaxial alignment therewith, producing the storage state of the tree, the dimensions of each branch assembly of the series being such that the outermost extremities of the branch elements in the erected state extend further from the trunk in descending the members of the series. 
         [0061]    In preferred embodiments of the invention, the trunk is of circular cylindrical configuration. There is preferably a plurality of branch assemblies uniformly spaced upon the trunk. Each branch assembly preferably has numerous secondary branch elements or leaf elements. The secondary branch elements may have the form and appearance of the final branches of the tree, or they may merely constitute the support for imitative tree branch material. In the erected state, the branch elements extend upwardly at an angle of between about 30 to 90 degrees with respect to the trunk, while in the narrow or retracted state the branch elements extend upwardly at an angle of between about 0 to 30 degrees with respect to the trunk. 
         [0062]    Other novel features which are characteristic of the invention, as to organization and method of operation, together with further objects and advantages thereof will be better understood from the following description considered in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which preferred embodiments of the invention are illustrated by way of example. It is to be expressly understood, however, that the drawings are for illustration and description only and are not intended as a definition of the limits of the invention. The various features of novelty which characterize the invention are pointed out with particularity in the claims annexed to and forming part of this disclosure. The invention resides not in any one of these features taken alone, but rather in the particular combination of all of its structures for the functions specified. 
         [0063]    There has thus been broadly outlined the more important features of the invention in order that the detailed description thereof that follows may be better understood, and in order that the present contribution to the art may be better appreciated. There are, of course, additional features of the invention that will be described hereinafter and which will form additional subject matter of the claims appended hereto. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the conception upon which this disclosure is based readily may be utilized as a basis for the designing of other structures, methods and systems for carrying out the several purposes of the present invention. It is important, therefore, that the claims be regarded as including such equivalent constructions insofar as they do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention. 
         [0064]    The above and other aspects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals designate the same elements. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0065]    A further understanding of the present invention can be obtained by reference to a preferred embodiment set forth in the illustrations of the accompanying drawings. Although the illustrated preferred embodiment is merely exemplary of methods, structures and compositions for carrying out the present invention, both the organization and method of the invention, in general, together with further objectives and advantages thereof, may be more easily understood by reference to the drawings and the following description. The drawings are not intended to limit the scope of this invention, which is set forth with particularity in the claims as appended or as subsequently amended, but merely to clarify and exemplify the invention. 
           [0066]    For a more complete understanding of the present invention, reference is now made to the following drawings in which: 
           [0067]      FIG. 1  shows a front view of the portable and retractable artificial tree according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, illustrating the base housing unit, control mechanism, the tree trunk and the branch assemblies; 
           [0068]      FIG. 2  shows an enhanced view of the control mechanism positioned inside the base housing unit shown in  FIG. 1 , and the control mechanism may be provided with remote control features, direct wire control features, or mechanical control features; 
           [0069]      FIG. 3  shows a perspective view of the artificial tree in accordance with the present invention, depicting the tree trunk in a substantially vertical position with respect to the base housing unit and the branch assemblies extending from the substantially vertical tree trunk; 
           [0070]      FIG. 4  shows a side elevation view of one embodiment of the branch assemblies for use on the artificial tree according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention further illustrating secondary branch assemblies or leaf assemblies extending from a branch assembly which extends from the tree trunk; 
           [0071]      FIG. 5  shows an enhanced view of a portion of the branch assembly shown in  FIG. 4  further illustrating the internal lever arms for controlling the secondary branch assembly; 
           [0072]      FIG. 6  shows a partial enhanced view of a portion of the tree trunk and one branch assembly illustrating the directional movement of the branch assembly with respect to the position of the tree trunk; 
           [0073]      FIG. 7  shows a front partial cross-sectional view of the artificial tree according to the present invention depicting the tree trunk in a substantially vertical position with respect to the base housing unit, the branch assemblies extending from the substantially vertical tree trunk, and the secondary branch or leaf assemblies extending from the branch assemblies, further showing the lever arms connecting the branch and leaf assemblies to the control mechanism inside the base unit; 
           [0074]      FIG. 8  shows a front perspective view of an artificial tree trunk assembly on a base unit according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention, without the branch assemblies or leaf assemblies installed; 
           [0075]      FIG. 9  shows a front perspective view of an artificial tree trunk assembly on a base unit according to yet an alternative embodiment of the present invention, with some branch assemblies and leaf assemblies installed thereon; 
           [0076]      FIG. 10  shows a perspective view of an embodiment of two interconnecting tubular components for use as the artificial tree trunk assembly in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0077]      FIG. 11  shows a front perspective view of the artificial tree in accordance with the present invention, depicting the tree trunk in a substantially vertical position with respect to the base housing unit and the branch assemblies extending from the substantially vertical tree trunk, each branch assembly further having secondary branch or leaf assemblies extending from therefrom, further illustrating the branch assemblies in a retracted position; 
           [0078]      FIG. 12  shows and enhanced view of the artificial tree shown in  FIG. 11  with the branch assemblies in an extended (or non-retracted) position; 
           [0079]      FIG. 13  shows a front view of the portable and retractable artificial tree according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, illustrating the base housing unit, control mechanism, the tree trunk and the branch assemblies; and 
           [0080]      FIG. 14  shows an enhanced view of the control mechanism positioned inside the base housing unit shown in  FIG. 13 . 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
       [0081]    As required, a detailed illustrative embodiment of the present invention is disclosed herein. However, techniques, systems, compositions and operating structures in accordance with the present invention may be embodied in a wide variety of sizes, shapes, forms and modes, some of which may be quite different from those in the disclosed embodiment. Consequently, the specific structural and functional details disclosed herein are merely representative, yet in that regard, they are deemed to afford the best embodiment for purposes of disclosure and to provide a basis for the claims herein which define the scope of the present invention. 
         [0082]    Reference will now be made in detail to several embodiments of the invention that are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Wherever possible, same or similar reference numerals are used in the drawings and the description to refer to the same or like parts or steps. The drawings are in simplified form and are not to precise scale. For purposes of convenience and clarity only, directional terms, such as top, bottom, up, down, over, above, below, etc., or motional terms, such as forward, back, sideways, transverse, etc. may be used with respect to the drawings. These and similar directional terms should not be construed to limit the scope of the invention in any manner. 
         [0083]    Referring first to  FIGS. 1-7  where like reference numerals refer to like components in the various views, there is illustrated therein a new and improved artificial tree apparatus  10 . Initially,  FIG. 1  shows a front view of the portable and retractable artificial tree  10  according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, illustrating the base housing unit  2 , control mechanism  12 , the tree trunk  14  and the branch assemblies  16 . While  FIG. 1  shows the artificial tree apparatus  10  of the invention as assembled but without secondary branch assemblies or leaf assemblies (see  FIGS. 4-5  and  9 ), as shown, the tree  10  includes a single tree trunk  14  or may comprise a plurality of tree trunk segments, each preferably carrying one or more branch supports  22  for connection to artificial branch assemblies  16 , and one or more optional electrical sockets (not shown, see  FIG. 8 ). The lower most part of tree trunk  14  may also include a fuse and/or fuse box or holder positioned adjacent tree stand or base unit  2 . 
         [0084]    Artificial tree assembly  10  includes a trunk portion  14 . In some embodiments, artificial tree trunk  2  may include a plurality of trunk portions, such as first and second trunk portions  14   a ,  14   b  shown in  FIG. 10 , and may be secured by coupling mechanism. When tree trunk  10  is assembled, as depicted, trunk portion  14  or portions  14   a ,  14   b  are configured along a common vertical axis and held in a general vertical orientation. To maintain the general vertical orientation, a lower end of trunk portion  14  is insertable into an opening  6  in the cover  4  of base or stand portion  2  that supports the entire tree assembly  10 . Such a base  2  preferably includes a receiver, such as a channel or other opening, as understood by those skilled-in-the-art, for receiving a bottom portion of trunk portion  14 , the receiver having an inside diameter equal to or slightly larger than, an outside diameter of the bottom portion of trunk portion  14 . As seen in  FIGS. 1-2 , base unit  2  further comprises a branch control mechanism  12  preferably positioned in a secure manner on an underside of the cover  4  of base unit  2 . Control mechanism  12  may be connected to a computer or other known control device for instructing the control mechanism  12  to move the branch assemblies  16  and/or secondary branch assemblies  26  having leaves  26  thereon. 
         [0085]    As depicted in  FIG. 7 , shown is a partial cross-sectional view of the artificial tree  10  in a substantially vertical position with respect to the base housing unit  2 , the branch assemblies  16  extending from the substantially vertical tree trunk  14 , and the secondary branch or leaf assemblies  26  extending from the branch assemblies  16 . Also shown are the lever arms  18 ,  28 ,  36  connecting the branch  16  and leaf  26  assemblies to the control mechanism  12  inside the base unit  2 . As seen, preferably, control mechanism  12  controls one or more lever arms  36  positioned coaxial within trunk  14 , and which are integrally connected with each of the branch assemblies  16  to control the lateral, vertical, rotational, and/or angular movement thereof with respect to the trunk  14 . As seen in  FIG. 6 , control mechanism  12  (shown earlier) can enable lateral  34  or angular  32  movement of the branch assemblies  16 . 
         [0086]    It will be recognized that control mechanism  12  may include a plurality of operatively dependent components understood by those of skill in the art but not shown here. Included optionally would be a mechanical controller system for movement control driven by a computerized process controller (computer, memory function, input program and controllers, etc.), an input module (for receiving wired, wireless (internet, hand held, etc.), and other control signals) and for driving the mechanical controller system according to the memory input or the received control signals. 
         [0087]    The trunk portion  14 , as depicted, preferably comprises a generally cylindrical, hollow structure including a lower end, an upper end, outer wall, and a plurality of branch-support interfaces  22 . The lower end of the trunk portion  14  may be tapered or not tapered for ease of coupling to the cover  4  of the base unit or stand portion  2 . A plurality of branch-support rings or coupling members  22  may include multiple branch receivers extending outwardly and away from first trunk portion  14 . In some embodiments, the branch coupling members  22  define a channel for receiving a primary branch assembly  16 . Each branch generally includes primary branch extension  216  and may also include multiple secondary branch extensions  26  extending away from branch extension  16 . The branch assemblies  16  are preferably connected to trunk portion  14  at a branch receiver  22  at various locations along the trunk  14 . Primary branch assemblies  16  may be bent or otherwise formed to define a loop or circular opening such that primary branch assembly  16  may be secured to branch receiver  22  by way of threading or a pin extending through branch receiver  22  and connected to the lever arm  18  or  36  within trunk  14  and connected to and controlled by mechanism  12 . In this way, a branch assembly  16  may be allowed to pivot, extend, retract, or otherwise move with respect to the trunk  14  to expand or retract the branches of the tree  10 . 
         [0088]    It will also be appreciated, in an alternative embodiment that branch assemblies  16  may alternatively contain power-generation means such as solar arrays, optionally in the form of leaf-shapes that may generate power for the proposed controller mechanism  12  or for other uses to operate and initiate light sequences, communication systems (noting on-off, pivoting, opening/closing, etc.). 
         [0089]    In the embodiment of the invention depicted in  FIGS. 4-5 , shown is a side elevation view of the branch assemblies  16  for use on the artificial tree  10  according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention. Also shown are secondary branch assemblies or leaf assemblies  26  extending from a branch assembly which extends from the tree trunk  14 . As seen in  FIG. 5 , internal lever arms  28  are provided for controlling the secondary branch assembly  26  and extend coaxially within branch assemblies  16  to interconnect with leaves  24  or other choice foliage (and optionally solar arrays if needed) or end covering via secondary branch assemblies  26  at interface  30 . Lever arm  28  within branch assembly  16  is then connected at one end to central lever arm  18  positioned coaxially within tree trunk  14 , as seen in  FIG. 7 , which in turn is connected to control mechanism  12 . Such interconnection between the branch assemblies  16 ,  26  and the lever arms  18 ,  28  allows control mechanism  12  to control the positioning and movement of the various branch assemblies  16 ,  26  throughout the tree assembly  10 . If the user desires the tree  10  to be in its fully extended or expanded state that control mechanism will direct such movement of the branch assemblies. 
         [0090]    Conversely, the user can direct the control mechanism to position the tree  10  in its fully retracted state. Such instructions may be provided manually by a user through, for example, a wired or wireless interface, including without limitation, a tablet, a computer, smart phone device, etc., or such instructions may be provided automatically via a pre-programming of the alternative process controller (see above) if certain conditions are met. For example, a sensor (in communication with the process controller) may be employed on the tree  10  to detect an increase in wind conditions thereby informing control mechanism  12  to retract certain or all of the branch assemblies  16 ,  26  so as to minimize potential damage to the tree  10  due to high winds. Other weather related conditions, i.e., rain, snow, heat, cold, etc., received via the sensor array to a controlling mechanism may also be used to direct control mechanism  12  to reposition any or all of the branch assemblies  16 ,  26 . Also, it is disclosed that control mechanism may be configured to control all branch assemblies  16 ,  26  as one single unit, or may be configured to control each separate branch assembly  16 ,  26  on its own separate and apart from control of each other branch assembly  16 ,  26 . It is also adaptively envisioned that the control mechanism and system may be configured to orient any solar cell array features in a preferred solar-orientation for optimal energy generation. 
         [0091]    Referring next to  FIGS. 8-10 , wherein like reference numerals refer to like components in the various views, there is illustrated therein a new and improved artificial tree apparatus  100 / 200 .  FIG. 8  shows a front elevation view of the artificial tree assembly  100  positioned on a base unit  102  according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention, without the branch assemblies or leaf assemblies installed.  FIG. 9  shows a front elevation view of an artificial tree assembly  200  on a base unit  202  according to yet an alternative embodiment of the present invention, with some branch assemblies  216  and leaf assemblies  226  installed thereon. While  FIG. 8  shows the artificial tree apparatus  100  of this invention as assembled but without branches assemblies, as shown, the tree  100  includes a single tree trunk  114  or may comprise a plurality of tree trunk segments  114 , each preferably carrying one or more branch supports  122  for connection to artificial branches (not shown here), and one or more optional electrical sockets  106 . The lower most part of tree trunk  114  may also include a fuse and/or fuse box or holder positioned adjacent tree stand or base unit  102 . 
         [0092]    Turning now to  FIG. 9 , an alternative embodiment of an artificial tree trunk  200  of the present invention is depicted. Artificial tree trunk  200  includes first trunk portion  214 . In some embodiments, artificial tree trunk  200  may include a plurality of trunk portions, such as first and second trunk portions  14   a ,  14   b  shown in  FIG. 10 , and may be secured by coupling mechanism. When tree trunk  200  is assembled, as depicted, trunk portion  214  or portions  14   a ,  14   b  are aligned along a common vertical axis and held in a general vertical orientation. To maintain the general vertical orientation, a lower end of trunk portion  214  is insertable into a base or stand portion  202  that supports the entire tree assembly  200 . Such a base  202  preferably includes a receiver, such as a channel or other opening, as understood by those skilled-in-the-art, for receiving a bottom portion of trunk portion  214 , the receiver having an inside diameter equal to or slightly larger than, an outside diameter of the bottom portion of trunk portion  214 . 
         [0093]    The trunk portion  214  as depicted comprises a generally cylindrical, hollow structure including a trunk portion body having a lower end, an upper end, outer wall, and one or more branch-support interfaces  222 . The lower end of the trunk portion  214  may be tapered or not tapered for ease of coupling to an appropriate base or stand portion  202 . A plurality of branch-support rings  222  include multiple branch receivers extending outwardly and away from first trunk portion  214 . In some embodiments, the branch receivers define a channel for receiving a primary branch extension  216  of a branch  224 . Each branch  224  generally includes primary branch extension  216  and may also include multiple secondary branch extensions  226  extending away from branch extension  216 . Branches  224  are connected to trunk portion  214  at a branch receiver  222  a various locations along the trunk  214 . Primary branch extensions  216  of branches  224  may be bent or otherwise formed to define a loop or circular opening such that primary branch extension  216  of branch  224  may be secured to branch receiver  222  by way of threading or a pin extending through branch receiver  222  and the loop formed at trunk-end branch  224 . In this way, a branch  224  may be allowed to pivot, extend, retract, or otherwise move with respect to the trunk  214  to expand or retract the branches  224  of the tree  200 . 
         [0094]    Referring to  FIG. 10 , shown is a perspective view of an embodiment of two interconnecting tubular components  14   a ,  14   b  for use as the artificial tree trunk assembly  100 / 200  in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the present invention. More specifically, depicted is the coupling of two trunk segments  14   a ,  14   b . First trunk segment  14   a  has a generally cylindrical body with an outer wall  17  and an inner cavity  19 . The first trunk segment  14   a  has an upper end and lower end, the upper end having a first outside diameter, and the lower end having a second outside diameter. Similarly, second trunk segment  14   b  has a generally cylindrical body with an outer wall  17  and an inner cavity  19 . The second trunk segment  14   b  has an upper end and lower end, the upper end having a first outside diameter, and the lower end having a second outside diameter. Generally, the second outside diameter of the trunk segments  14   a ,  14   b  is narrower than the first outside diameter of the trunk segments  14   a ,  14   b  such that the lower end of the first trunk segment  14   a  can slide into and engage with the upper end of the second trunk segment  14   b  so as to be position partially in inner cavity  17  of the second trunk segment  14   b . The upper end of the second trunk segment  14   b  preferably has a notch or guide slot  13  in the outside wall  17  for engaging the lower end of the first trunk segment  14   a . Optionally, an electrical line may be connected to the first trunk segment via electrical connectors (see  FIG. 8 ), such that when the first trunk segment upper portion  14   a  is brought into juxtaposition with the second trunk segment lower portion  16   b , the electrical connectors can be brought into alignment to permit connection thereof. 
         [0095]    Turning lastly to  FIGS. 11-14 , shown are illustrations of the preferred embodiment of the portable and retractable artificial tree  10  in accordance with the present invention. As shown, depicted is the tree trunk  14  in a substantially vertical position with respect to the base housing unit  2  and the branch assemblies  16  extending from the substantially vertical tree trunk  14 , each branch assembly  16  further having secondary branch or leaf assemblies  26  extending therefrom. As illustrated in  FIG. 11 , the branch assemblies  16  may be in a retracted or partially retracted position, or as seen in  FIG. 12 , the branch assemblies  16  may be in an expanded or fully expanded position. Control mechanism  12 , as seen in  FIGS. 13-14 , is preferably positioned within base unit  2 , optionally positioned on the underside of cover  4  of the base unit  2 , such that control mechanism is interconnected with lever arm(s)  18  which extends upward through an opening  6  in cover  4  to extend longitudinally within and substantially coaxial with tree trunk  14  to further interconnect with branch assemblies  16 , as described and shown herein. 
         [0096]    It should be additionally understood by those of skill in the art having studied the disclosure herein that the proposed system may be provided in alternative and adaptive sizes. For example such trunks and system may be of a relatively small size, for example several centimeters high, or in a relatively large size, for example twenty-meters or more in height, all without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention. This allows the present invention to be used for smaller offices, for homes, for large business-building atriums, for farming and other commercial uses, all within the scope of the present invention. As such, it will be recognized that the proposed invention may be positioned by hand (smaller size), by a user-vehicle such as a ‘fork-truck’ (for medium sizes), by larger trucks and even rail or crane delivery (for very large sizes), all within the scope and spirit of the present invention. It will also be understood, that the proposed inventive system may be used for an array of user options, from seasonal displays, to farming, to other industrial uses, and to uses intended to be substantially permanent (e.g. in buildings, for road-sound abatement, and for other needs that may last for many months or years). 
         [0097]    Additionally, it will be recognized that each of the limbs, leaves, stalks, and arms noted herein may be manipulated for motion in the directions noted (in/out, up/down, etc.) and at a rate (speed of motion) that may be controlled according to a computer processor controller (not shown) that may be liked with and programmed for operation with the driving devices and power controls herein. It will be recognized that the computer process controller will contain all required features and functions to operate as a controlling processor (memory, capacitors, input/output ports, receiving and transmitting antenna, communication ports, stored controlling code, etc.) for such devices as may be found within those of skill in the art. Such computer processor controllers may be known to those of skill in the arts of consumer products manufacture. 
         [0098]    In the claims, means or step-plus-function clauses are intended to cover the structures described or suggested herein as performing the recited function and not only structural equivalents but also equivalent structures. Thus, for example, although a nail, a screw, and a bolt may not be structural equivalents in that a nail relies on friction between a wooden part and a cylindrical surface, a screw&#39;s helical surface positively engages the wooden part, and a bolt&#39;s head and nut compress opposite sides of a wooden part, in the environment of fastening wooden parts, a nail, a screw, and a bolt may be readily understood by those skilled in the art as equivalent structures. 
         [0099]    Having described at least one of the preferred embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings sufficient to enable one of ordinary skill in the art to practice the invention, and to provide the best mode of practicing the invention presently contemplated by the inventor, it is to be understood that such embodiments are merely exemplary and that the invention is not limited to those precise embodiments, and that various changes, modifications, and adaptations may be effected therein by one skilled in the art without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention as defined in the appended claims. Accordingly, the disclosed embodiments are not mutually exclusive combinations of features; rather, the invention may comprise a combination of different individual features selected from different individual embodiments, as understood by persons of ordinary skill in the art. The scope of the invention, therefore, shall be defined solely by the appended claims. 
         [0100]    Further, while there is provided herein a full and complete disclosure of the preferred embodiments of this invention, it is not desired to limit the invention to the exact construction, dimensional relationships, and operation shown and described. Various modifications, alternative constructions, changes and equivalents will readily occur to those skilled in the art and may be employed, as suitable, without departing from the true spirit and scope of the invention. Such changes might involve alternative materials, components, structural arrangements, sizes, shapes, forms, functions, operational features or the like, it will be apparent to those of skill in the art that numerous changes may be made in such details without departing from the spirit and the principles of the invention. It should be appreciated that the present invention is capable of being embodied in other forms without departing from its essential characteristics.