Abstract:
A retro-focus type wide-angle lens which has a large angular field of 76° to 90° and secures a sufficient amount of corner illumination comprises only five sets of lens elements including eight or nine lens elements. The first set of convergent lens located on the object side is a positive lens. The first set of divergent lenses comprises two or three separate negative lenses. The second set of convergent lenses comprises two separate positive lenses. The third set of convergent lens comprises a positive lens. These sets of lenses are designed so as to satisfy various numerical conditions as defined in the specification.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to a retro-focus type wide-angle lens. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Conventional wide-angle lenses of this kind, i.e., those having large back foci, have not been able to simultaneously satisfy two requirements, i.e., sufficient amount of corner illumination and small sizes of front lens elements. Also, they have not been sufficiently corrected for curvature of field and for chromatic aberration or magnification. This can often be the main cause of a reduction in the contrast or a blur of the resultant image. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     In view of the foregoing, it is the main object of the present invention to provide a wide-angle lens which has a wide angle of view of 76° to 90°, secures a sufficient amount of corner illumination, is satisfactorily corrected for aberrations, especially curvature of field, astigmatism, and chromatic aberration of magnification, and exhibits excellent characteristics over the whole angular field, although the lens comprises only a limited number of lens elements and the front lens elements have small diameters. 
     This object is achieved in accordance with the teachings of the present invention by a high-performance small-sized wide-angle lens comprising either five sets of lens elements including eight lens elements or five sets of lens elements including nine line elements, these sets of lenses being numbered from the object side, the first set of convergent lens comprising a positive lens, the first set of divergent lenses comprising two or three separate negative lenses, the second set of convergent lenses comprising two separate positive lenses, the second set of divergent lens comprising a cemented negative lens, the third set of convergent lens comprising a positive lens, these sets of lenses satisfying the following conditions: ##EQU1## where φ 1N ,2P is the composition refracting power of the first set of divergent lenses and the second set of convergent lenses; Σ(φ/ν) is the sum of φ/ν of each lens of the first set of divergent lenses and the second set of convergent lenses, where φ is the refracting power of each lens, ν is the Abbe number of each lens; φ 2P  is the composite refracting power of the second set of convergent lenses; φ 1N  is the composite refracting power of the first set of convergent lenses; φ 2Pb  is the refracting power of the surface of the second set of convergent lenses which is located closest to the image side; φ 1P ,1N,2P is the composite refracting power of the first set of convergent lens, the first set of divergent lenses, and the second set of convergent lenses; φ 3P  is the composite refracting power of the third set of convergent lens; and φ 2N  is the composite refracting power of the second set of divergent lens. 
     In another aspect of the invention, a wide-angle lens is constructed so as to satisfy the conditions (1)-(4) above, and in which the first set of divergent lenses comprises a negative lens and one or two negative meniscus lenses having stronger negative refracting powers on their image surface side, the second set of convergent lenses comprises two-double-convex lenses, and the second set of divergent lenses comprises a double-convex lens and a double-concave lens that are cemented together, and in which the sets of lenses further satisfy the following conditions: 
     
         0.30f&lt;r.sub.1Na &lt;0.7f                                      (5) 
    
     
         0.45f&lt;r.sub.1Nb &lt;0.9f                                      (6) 
    
     
         30&lt;(ν.sub.1N /M)&lt;60                                     (7) 
    
     
         ν.sub.2Pa &lt;45                                           (8) 
    
     
         0.14f&lt;(l/M)&lt;0.25f                                          (9) 
    
     
         10&lt;ν.sub.2N -ν.sub.2N                                ( 10) 
    
     
         n.sub.2N &lt;n.sub.2N                                         ( 11) 
    
     where f is the focal length of the whole system, r 1Na  is the radius of curvature of the surface on the image side of the first set of divergent lenses other than the lens located closest to the image side, r 1Nb  is the radius of curvature of the surface on the image side of the lens of the first set of divergent lenses located closest to the image side, ν 1N  is the composite Abbe number of the first set of divergent lenses, M is the number of lenses constituting the first set of divergent lenses, ν 2Pa  is the Abbe number of the double-convex lens of the second set of convergent lenses which is located on the object side, l is the interval between the surface of the first set of divergent lenses on the image side and the surface of the second set of divergent lenses on the image side, ν 2N   is the Abbe number of the double-convex lens in the second set of divergent lenses, ν 2N   is the Abbe number of the double-concave lens in the second set of divergent lenses, n 2N  is the refractive index of the double-convex lens in the second set of divergent lenses, and n 2N   is the refractive index of the double-convex lens in the second set of divergent lenses. 
     In a further aspect of the invention, a wide-angle lens is constructed so as to satisfy the conditions (1)-(4) above, and in which the whole lens system is protruded, (that is, moved in a front direction for focusing) and in which the air gap between the second set of convergent lenses and the second set of divergent lenses is made short to thereby permit the wide-angle lens to be focused on closer objects. That is, aberrations change with the distance from an object that may very from infinity to zero. The changes in the aberrations are corrected by changes in the air gap between the second set of convergent lenses and the second set of divergent lenses. This further enhances the excellent properties that the novel structure exhibits. 
     Other objects and features of the invention will appear in the course of description that follows. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIGS. 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, and 15 are cross-sectional views of lenses of Examples 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8, respectively; 
     FIGS. 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16 are aberration curves for illustrating Examples 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 respectively. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     The aforementioned conditions are hereinafter described in detail. 
     Condition (1) is imposed because the first set of divergent lenses and the second set of convergent lenses differ in refracting power with wavelength. In the lens system according to the invention, these two sets of lenses play a central role in refracting light. The limitation of the difference between the refracting powers of the lens sets with wavelength is effective for satisfactorily correcting on-axis chromatic aberration and chromatic aberration of magnification. If condition (1) is not met, it is difficult to correct chromatic aberration while sufficiently suppressing other aberrations. 
     Condition (2) determines the ratio of the refracting power of the second set of the convergent lenses to the refracting power of the first set of divergent lenses. If the upper limit of condition (2) is exceeded, the positive spherical aberration produced by the first set of divergent lenses will not sufficiently correct the negative spherical aberration produced by the second set of convergent lenses. As a result, compensation at other locations will become difficult. If the lower limit of condition (2) is not reached, the second set of convergent lenses will not sufficiently correct the negative displacement of the Petzval sum and the coma produced by the second set of divergent lenses. This situation is undesirable for the corrections for curvature of field and coma. 
     Condition (3) is set regarding the shape of the surface of the second set of convergent lens which is located closest to the image side. If the upper limit of condition (3) is exceeded, the astigmatism produced on this surface becomes large, making compensations at other locations difficult. If the lower limit of condition (3) is exceeded (below 0.15) the first set of divergent lenses will not sufficiently correct the negative distortion. This situation is undesirable for balanced compensation between distortion and other aberrations. 
     Condition (4) determines the ratio of the refracting power of the third set of convergent lens to the refracting power of the second set of divergent lenses. If the upper limit of condition (4) is exceeded, the second set of divergent lenses will play an undesirably unimportant role in correcting spherical aberration and astigmatism. If the lower limit of condition (4) is exceeded (below 0.75), the negative displacement of the Petzval sum produced by the second set of divergent lenses adversely affects the correction of curvature of field to a larger extent. 
     Conditions (5) and (6) are effective for striking a compromise between the spherical aberration produced by the first set of divergent lenses and the positive refracting powers of the following surfaces on the image side, especially the positive power of the second set of convergent lenses. 
     Conditions (7) and (8) are involved in chromatic aberration. Although the lens of the second set of divergent lenses that is located on the object side is positive, the chromatic aberration found even in the first set of divergent lenses is eliminated by selecting a small value for ν so as to fulfill condition (8), which makes the dispersion relatively large. It is effective for the first set of divergent lenses to assume a moderate value of the resultant ν, as required by condition (7). 
     Condition (9) determines the total length of the first set of divergent lenses and the distance to the front end of the second set of divergent lenses, thus enhancing the effects of conditions (5)-(8). Further, condition (9) contributes to the compactness of the lens system. 
     Conditions (10) and (11) are placed upon the second set of divergent lenses. The chromatic aberration which is undercorrected according to condition (8) is overcorrected according to conditions (10) and (11). Further, the Petzval sum is limited to a small value, though it is negative. This is effective for keeping the uniformity of the curvature of field. Several examples of the invention are next set forth, and in which r 1  is the radius of curvature of the i-th lens surface, d 1  is the thickness or interval of the i-th lens, n is the refractive index of each lens with respect to D line, and ν is the Abbe number of each lens. 
     EXAMPLE 1 
     
         ______________________________________f = 100, F.sub.NO 1:4.1, angle of view 2ω = 76.9°    r.sub.i   d.sub.i    n     ν______________________________________1        5781.808  7.920      1.51633                               64.12        -544.629  0.3543        161.965   4.425      1.74950                               35.34        46.863    22.6755        -128.013  3.540      1.51633                               64.16        71.544    10.7767        478.029   12.394     1.74950                               35.38        -186.159  0.5319        71.240    20.473     1.67790                               55.310       -198.374  34.55711       144.315   16.298     1.69680                               55.512       -33.911   3.614      1.83400                               37.213       86.158    4.57114       1392.204  5.931      1.69680                               55.515       -67.681______________________________________ ##STR1## ##STR2## ##STR3## ##STR4##r.sub.1Na = r.sub.4 = 0.47fr.sub.1Nb = r.sub.6 = 0.72f ##STR5##ν.sub.2Pa = ν.sub.4 = 35.3 ##STR6##ν.sub.2N  - ν.sub.2N  = ν.sub.6 - ν.sub.7 = 18.3n.sub.2N  = n.sub.6 = 1.69680 &lt; n.sub.2N  = n.sub.7 = 1.83400______________________________________ 
    
     EXAMPLE 2 
     
         ______________________________________f = 100, F.sub.NO 1:4.1, angle of view 2ω = 77.0°    r.sub.i   d.sub.i    n     ν______________________________________1        2424.571  8.017      1.51633                               64.12        -614.107  0.3543        161.699   4.424      1.80518                               25.44        48.498    19.7155        -281.755  3.540      1.63854                               55.46        66.685    11.8757        91.711    15.928     1.72151                               29.28        -293.883  8.8499        85.902    16.370     1.72151                               29.210       -443.562  10.33511       44.764    13.220     1.51633                               64.112       -98.593   5.380      1.80518                               25.413       40.207    8.51314       1946.735  6.849      1.62041                               60.315       -64.010______________________________________ ##STR7## ##STR8## ##STR9## ##STR10##r.sub.1Na = r.sub.4 = 0.48fr.sub.1Nb = r.sub.6 = 0.67f ##STR11##ν.sub.2Pa = ν.sub.4 = 29.2 ##STR12##ν.sub.2N  - ν.sub.2N  = ν.sub.6 - ν.sub.7 = 38.7n.sub.2N  = n.sub.6 = 1.51633 &lt; n.sub.2N  = n.sub.7 = 1.80518______________________________________ 
    
     EXAMPLE 3 
     
         ______________________________________f = 100, F.sub.NO 1:4.1, angle of view 2ω = 76.8°    r.sub.i   d.sub.i    n     ν______________________________________1        2661.090  8.142      1.51633                               64.12        -581.075  0.3543        138.923   4.425      1.67003                               47.34         44.532   22.2135        -132.516  3.540      1.62004                               36.36         74.338   12.7617        983.662   9.452      1.71736                               29.58        -143.762  0.5319         71.417   21.062     1.65844                               50.910       -181.489  37.54011       143.829   9.982      1.69680                               55.512       -34.956   5.381      1.83400                               37.213        89.384   4.42514       ∞   5.823      1.69680                               55.515       -65.134______________________________________ ##STR13## ##STR14## ##STR15## ##STR16##r.sub.1Na = r.sub.4 = 0.45fr.sub.1Nb = r.sub.6 = 0.74f ##STR17##ν.sub.2Pa = ν.sub.4 = 29.5 ##STR18##ν.sub.2N   - ν.sub.2N   = ν.sub.6 - ν.sub.7 = 18.3n.sub.2N   = n.sub.6 = 1.69680 &lt; n.sub.2N   = n.sub.7 = 1.83400______________________________________ 
    
     EXAMPLE 4 
     
         ______________________________________f = 100, F.sub.NO 1:4.1, 2ω = 88.5°   r.sub.i    d.sub.i     n     ν______________________________________1       692.817    9.686       1.51633                                64.12       -9937.903  0.4323       109.381    5.394       1.83400                                37.24       48.797     13.6105       95.592     4.315       1.51823                                59.06       45.047     16.8517       -1945.009  4.315       1.51633                                64.18       72.837     8.0959       172.095    17.261      1.68893                                31.110      -231.701   0.64711      86.612     46.717      1.51633                                64.112      -76.792    20.01413      885.867    15.559      1.69680                                55.514      -38.309    3.236       1.83400                                37.215      114.318    2.03516      -3540.812  6.551       1.69680                                55.517      -68.710______________________________________ ##STR19## ##STR20## ##STR21## ##STR22##r.sub.1Na = r.sub.4 = 0.49f and r.sub.1Na = r.sub.6 = 0.45fr.sub.1Nb = r.sub.8 = 0.73f ##STR23##ν.sub.2Pa = ν.sub.5 = 31.1 ##STR24##ν.sub.2N   - ν.sub.2N   = ν.sub.7 - ν.sub.8 = 18.3n.sub.2N   =  n.sub.7 = 1.69680 &lt; n.sub.2N   = n.sub.8 = 1.83400______________________________________ 
    
     EXAMPLE 5 
     
         ______________________________________f = 100, F.sub.NO 1:4.1, 2ω = 88.8°   r.sub.i    d.sub.i     n     ν______________________________________1       686.459    9.352       1.51633                                64.12       -7573.795  0.4313       101.154    5.394       1.83400                                37.24       48.453     8.4645       70.767     4.746       1.63854                                55.46       38.676     17.3937       -4507.249  4.315       1.56883                                56.38       63.549     6.5959       120.137    17.259      1.68893                                31.110      -243.899   0.64711      92.382     43.504      1.51633                                64.112      -65.531    19.57013      747.212    10.742      1.71300                                53.814      -36.074    3.236       1.83400                                37.215      109.879    2.24216      -790.431   6.362       1.71300                                53.817      -67.993______________________________________ ##STR25## ##STR26## ##STR27##r.sub.1Na = r.sub.4 = 0.48f and r.sub.1Na = r.sub.6 = 0.39fr.sub.1Nb = r.sub.8 = 0.64f ##STR28##ν.sub.2Pa = ν.sub.5 = 31.1 ##STR29##ν.sub.2N  - ν.sub.2N  = ν.sub.7 - ν.sub.8 = 16.6n.sub.2N  = n.sub.7 = 1.71300 &lt; n.sub.2N   = n.sub.8 = 1.83400______________________________________ 
    
     EXAMPLE 6 
     
         ______________________________________f = 100, F.sub.NO 1:4.1, angle of view 2ω = 88.2°   r.sub.i   d.sub.i     n     ν______________________________________1       603.962   9.620       1.51633                               64.12       6980.549  0.4313       124.651   5.393       1.83400                               37.24       52.228    10.8285       102.958   4.745       1.69680                               55.56       49.253    11.8427       221.177   4.314       1.69680                               55.58       62.620    8.4129       129.420   26.315      1.68893                               31.110      -273.215  0.64711      93.763    37.704      1.51633                               64.112      -76.867   25.04313      232.849   15.832      1.71300                               53.814      -37.875   3.236       1.83400                               37.215      100.301   2.80416      -330.003  7.593       1.71300                               53.817      -65.832______________________________________ ##STR30## ##STR31## ##STR32## ##STR33##r.sub.1Na = r.sub.4 = 0.52f and r.sub.1Na = r.sub.6 = 0.49fr.sub.1Nb = r.sub.8 = 0.63f ##STR34##ν.sub.2Pa = ν.sub.5 = 31.1 ##STR35##ν.sub.2N  - ν.sub.2N  = ν.sub.7 - ν.sub.8 = 16.6n.sub.2N  = n.sub.7 = 1.71300 &lt; n.sub.2N   = n.sub.8 = 1.83400______________________________________ 
    
     EXAMPLE 7 
     
         ______________________________________ f = 100, F.sub.NO  1:3.6, angle of view 2ω = 89.1°  r.sub.i   d.sub.i     n       ν______________________________________ 1     562.493   13.055      1.51633 64.1 2     4109.489  0.556 3     117.132   6.944       1.83400 37.2 4     59.721    12.639 5     105.499   6.111       1.69680 55.5 6     51.399    14.389 7     181.228   5.555       1.69680 55.5 8     59.444    12.278 9     158.331   32.777      1.68893 31.110     -315.879  0.83311     136.493   43.000      1.51633 64.112     -77.146   30.41713     1333.316  15.278      1.71300 53.814     -42.833   4.167       1.83400 37.215     129.104   2.36116     1291.239  9.500       1.71300 53.817     -78.777______________________________________ ##STR36## ##STR37## ##STR38## ##STR39##r.sub.1Na = r.sub.4 = 0.60f and r.sub.1Na = r.sub.6 = 0.51fr.sub.1Nb = r.sub.8 = 0.59f ##STR40##ν.sub.2Pa = ν.sub.5 = 31.1 ##STR41##ν.sub.2N  - ν.sub.2N  = ν.sub.7 - ν.sub.8 = 16.6n.sub.2N  = n.sub.7 = 1.71300 &lt; n.sub.2N  = n.sub.8  = 1.83400______________________________________ 
    
     EXAMPLE 8 
     
         ______________________________________ f = 100, F.sub.NO  1:4.6, angle of view 2ω = 84.2°  r.sub.i   d.sub.i     n       ν______________________________________ 1     359.349   6.410       1.51633 64.1 2     1270.843  0.251 3     90.157    3.902       1.83400 37.2 4     40.284    7.316 5     59.640    3.902       1.63854 55.4 6     37.589    15.607 7     -179.126  3.623       1.56883 56.3 8     79.220    4.403 9     168.052   11.162      1.68893 31.110     -128.617  0.25111     82.431    46.180      1.51633 64.112     -60.337   19.43913     425.008   31.1        1.71300 53.814     -35.185   9.755       1.83400 37.215     106.297   2.43916     -290.343  4.515       1.71300 53.817     -61.313______________________________________ ##STR42## ##STR43## ##STR44## ##STR45##r.sub.1Na = r.sub.4 = 0.40f and r.sub.1Na = r.sub.6 = 0.38fr.sub.1Nb = r.sub.8 = 0.79f ##STR46##ν.sub.2Pa = ν.sub.5 = 31.3 ##STR47##ν.sub.2N  - ν.sub.2N  = ν.sub.7 - ν.sub.8 = 16.6n.sub.2N  = n.sub.7 = 1.71300 &lt; n.sub.2N  = n.sub. 8 = 1.83400______________________________________ 
    
     As thus far described, the novel wide-angle lens according to the invention secures a sufficient amount of corner illumination, satisfactorily corrects various abberations, and exhibits good properties over the whole angular field, although it comprises a limited number of lens elements and the front lenses have small diameters.