Abstract:
A tidal energy storage, power generation method is disclosed. During one tidal period, the method includes the following steps: during the early stage, forming a float into an enclosed hollow float; during the flood tide stage, converting the ascending potential energy of the float into the gravity potential energy of an energy storage assembly; during the slack water stage, charging the float with water; and during the tide ebbing stage, forming the float into an enclosed body filled with water, and converting the descending potential energy of the float into the gravity potential energy of the energy storage assembly. A tidal energy storage, power generation system is also disclosed. The system can improve the utilization rate of the tidal energy.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0001]    The present invention relates to a method and system for utilizing tidal energy. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    Tidal energy is renewable energy which is clean, environment-friendly and eco-friendly. And tides rise and fall each day, again and again, and the energy from tides is inexhaustible or can be used without limit. 
         [0003]    Tidal energy is the potential energy of water formed by rising and falling of seawater, which is a relatively stable resource, and suffers scarcely from natural factors such as climates or hydrology. It can generate a steady amount of electricity, without dry years or wet years or being affected by wet or dry seasons, without the need of flooding vast farms to build reservoirs, thus without thorny problems such as population migration, flooding farms. 
         [0004]    Currently, the common tidal power generation with successful application is to use hydrogenerators to convert the potential and kinetic energy of seawater into electrical power. However, owing to that a tidal power plants need to be built at a bay with deep waters and long dams, there are plenty of difficulties in construction, foundation treatment, silting prevention and the like, and civil works and electromechanical equipments cost highly. Meanwhile, to continuously generate power during all day, two reservoirs are needed for the tidal power plant, which doubles the works and cost thereof and affects its development and the utilization of tidal energy. Furthermore, not all the sea surfaces are appropriate for building dams to generate electricity, thereby constricting greatly the availability of tidal energy. 
         [0005]    There is another way to utilize tidal energy: at rising and falling tide, a buoy performs a vertical movement respectively by a height equal to the difference of tide with its buoyancy when it is hermetic and empty, and with its gravity when it is full with water. The vertical movements of the buoy are transferred and converted so as to generate electricity. 
         [0006]    With a review of various inventions and designs with this principle, there are three types: 
         [0007]    (1) the buoy drives directly a piston of an air cylinder to press air into a pressure tank, thereby converting tidal energy into compressed air and store it for power generation. However, due to the limitation of the prior fabrication technology and cost to an air cylinder with a long stroke and a large diameter, the design has not yet been put into industrial applications. (The difference of a tide ranges from 2 m to 15 m, usually 4˜5 m, while an air cylinder with a stroke longer than 2 m and a diameter larger than 0.4 m is quite hard to make and cost much, and do not adapt to industrial applications). 
         [0008]    (2) the buoy drives directly a piston of an hydraulic cylinder to lift sea water up to a reservoir at high location, thereby converting tidal energy into the potential energy of the water with high level for power generation. However, due to the limitation of the prior fabrication technology and cost to a hydraulic cylinder with a long stroke and a large diameter and due to the requirement of building a reservoir at high position, the design has not yet been put into industrial applications, either. 
         [0009]    (3) the buoy drives mechanisms like gears, racks to move, thereby converting the tidal energy into torque force to drive gear box for power generation. However, due to the limitation of the prior fabrication technology and cost to a mechanism with a long stroke and due to that it doesn&#39;t involve the energy storage mechanism, the design has not yet been put into industrial applications. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0010]    The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the disadvantages in the prior art, and improve the efficiency in the application of tidal energy. 
         [0011]    The essential concept is to utilize rising and falling tides to lift energy storage components to a height which is approximately twice the tide height, thereby improving the efficiency in the application of tidal energy. 
         [0012]    According to the above concept, the present invention provides a method for power generation with tide buoyancy and gravity ratio energy storage, characterized in that the method, during a tide cycle which comprises stages of initiation, rising tide, high tide, and falling tide, performs steps as follows: step a, at initiation stage, making a buoy hermetic and empty; step b, at rising tide, converting the potential energy of the buoy rising by buoyancy into the gravitational potential energy of an energy storage component; step c, at high tide, filling the buoy with water; step d, at falling tide, making the buoy hermetic and filled with water, and converting the potential energy of the buoy falling under gravity into the gravitational potential energy of the energy storage component; and step e, falling the energy storage component to convert the gravitational potential energy of the energy storage component into electrical energy; the method repeats the above steps when next tide arrives. 
         [0013]    The method of the present invention utilizes the buoyancy of the “hermetic and empty buoy” during the rising tide and the gravity of the “water-filled buoy” during the falling tide to act bidirectionally on energy storage components, so as to store energy which is twice the tidal potential energy, into the energy storage components, thereby improving the efficiency in the application of tidal energy. 
         [0014]    The method for power generation with tide buoyancy and gravity ratio energy storage, in step e, divides energy storage components into groups; after a tide cycle, keeps the gravitational potential energy of the energy storage components, thus free from the limitation of tide cycles; releases the groups of energy storage components in different time, so as to generate electricity continuously. It is only needed to release gradually the stored energy according to procedures, without constructing dams, so as to generate electricity continuously. 
         [0015]    According to the above concept, the present invention provides a system for power generation with tide buoyancy and gravity ratio energy storage, characterized in that it comprises at least one system unit which comprises an energy storage component and further comprises: a buoy, which is capable of being filled with water and draining water; an primary energy conversion device, which converts the potential energy of the buoy rising by buoyancy into the gravitational potential energy of the energy storage component; an ratio energy conversion device, which converts the potential energy of the water-filled buoy falling under gravity into the gravitational potential energy of the energy storage component; and a power generation device, which converts the gravitational potential energy of the energy storage component into electrical energy. 
         [0016]    The system for power generation with tide buoyancy and gravity ratio energy storage according to the present invention utilizes the buoyancy of the buoy to lift energy storage components by a height equal to the tide height during rising tide, and utilizes the gravity of the water-filled buoy when the buoy falls, to lift the energy storage components by the same height again, which, compared with the prior art, achieves the purpose of ratio power generation with tide buoyancy and gravity ratio energy storage. 
         [0017]    The system for power generation with tide buoyancy and gravity ratio energy storage, wherein the buoy comprises a controlled intake and drainage valve provided at the bottom thereof and a controlled intake and exhaust valve provided at the top thereof. Providing the controlled intake and drainage valve at the bottom of the buoy and the controlled intake and exhaust valve at the top thereof may improve the efficiency in the application of tidal energy more effectively. For the reason that the intake and drainage processes occur at the bottom of the buoy, seawater enters and exits the buoy under great hydraulic pressure, with air passing through the intake and exhaust opening with high speed (when water is entering, positive pressure is produced in the buoy and air is surged outwards rapidly, and when water is exiting, negative pressure is produced in the buoy and air is sucked rapidly). The energy produced in the processes can be further applied, especially in clustering construction, in which the large amount of intake and exhaust air presents great value of comprehensive application, thereby the operation cost thereof may be reduced. 
         [0018]    The system for power generation with tide buoyancy and gravity ratio energy storage, wherein the primary energy conversion device comprises a buoy bracket, a lifting member and a clutch for lifting member; the buoy bracket is connected to the buoy, and goes up and down along with it; the buoy bracket join releasably with the lifting member by means of the clutch for lifting member; and in turn, the lifting member is connected to the energy storage component. Owing to that the buoy bracket is connected to the buoy, and goes up and down along with it, and the clutch for lifting member engages with the lifting member during rising tide, so as to lift the energy storage components, thus accomplishing the primary energy storage. 
         [0019]    The system for power generation with tide buoyancy and gravity ratio energy storage, wherein the ratio energy conversion device also comprises the buoy bracket, and further comprises a lowering member, a clutch for lowering member and a flexible transmission member; the buoy bracket joins releasably with the lowering member by means of the clutch for lowering member; and the lowering member, after being guided by a pulley, is connected to the lifting member through the flexible transmission member. During falling tide, the buoy becomes a hermetic and water-filled body. The buoy bracket joins releasably with the lowering member only by means of the clutch for lowering member and does not join with the lifting member such that the buoy falls and brings the lowering members to fall, which, after the guidance of the pulley guiding device, may succeed to lift the energy storage components, thus achieving the purpose of ratio energy storage. 
         [0020]    The system for power generation with tide buoyancy and gravity ratio energy storage, wherein the system further comprises a retaining device which retains the gravitational potential energy of the energy storage component; the retaining device is a positioning clutch which is fixed on the base of the system unit and is associated with the energy storage component; and the positioning clutch is kept at a predetermined height and free from the limitation of tide cycles. The positioning clutch may be used to keep the energy storage components at a predetermined height and free from the limitation of tide cycles, and releases the energy storage in different time so as to generate electricity continually. 
         [0021]    The system for power generation with tide buoyancy and gravity ratio energy storage, wherein the system further comprises a retaining device which retains the gravitational potential energy of the energy storage component; the retaining device is a positioning clutch which is fixed on the base of the system unit; the positioning clutch joins releasably with the lowering member; and the positioning clutch is kept at a predetermined height and free from the limitation of tide cycles. Upon that the positioning clutch is engaged with the lowering member, the positioning clutch is kept at a predetermined height. 
         [0022]    The system for power generation with tide buoyancy and gravity ratio energy storage wherein the power generation device comprises generator sets; the pulley is a ratchet wheel, the outer ring of which guides the flexible transmission member, and the inner ring thereof is fixed on a transmission spindle; the transmission direction of the ratchet wheel is along the falling direction of the energy storage component; the energy storage component during falling is capable of driving the ratchet wheel to rotate so as to drive the transmission spindle which is connected to the generator sets, thereby driving them to generate electricity. When the energy storage component rises, the outer ring of the ratchet wheel rotates reversely to the transmission spindle, which consumes no torque energy of the spindle according to the principle of ratchet wheel; When the energy storage component falls, the outer ring of the ratchet wheel rotates with the same direction as the transmission spindle, and the torque of the outer ring may be transferred to the inner ring thereof through the ratchet wheel mechanism, so as to drive the spindle to rotate. The unidirectional transmission of the ratchet wheel is utilized to not only meet the need of ratio energy storage, but also the requirement of driving directly the transmission spindle. The transmission spindle drives directly generator sets to generate electricity, without using power machines like hydraulic turbines, turbomachines to convert the hydroenergy into electrical energy, thus improving the efficiency of energy conversion, simplifying devices and reducing the cost significantly. 
         [0023]    The system for power generation with tide buoyancy and gravity ratio energy storage wherein the energy storage component is solid. The solid energy storage component is used for storing tidal energy, the weight of which is equal to the displacement of the buoy, and the material thereof depends on the requirement of the overall structure on its volume (without requirement on strength). When the overall structure requires the volume of the energy storage component to be relatively small, metals, even heavy metals (steel, lead, mercury and the like) may be employed; when there is no requirement on the its volume, concrete or even packed pebble, gravel, soil or water may be employed, so as to reduce the cost. 
         [0024]    The system for power generation with tide buoyancy and gravity ratio energy storage wherein the system comprises a plurality of energy storage components, each of which is correspondingly connected to one of the primary energy conversion devices and one of the ratio energy conversion devices; the primary energy conversion devices and the ratio energy conversion devices corresponding to the plurality of energy storage components share a buoy bracket; the plurality of energy storage components are configured by groups, get held at a highest position by the retaining devices when ascending to the highest position, and are released in different time by the retaining devices. After each group of energy storage components are lifted to the specified position, they are kept at specified height under the effect of the positioning clutch  18 , thus free from the limitation from the tide cycle. The energy storage components are released and fall in a different time style upon specified procedures, so as to drive generator sets to continuously generate electricity. 
         [0025]    The system for power generation with tide buoyancy and gravity ratio energy storage, wherein the lifting member is a ratchet rod which engages with a corresponding clutch through ratchets. The engagement between the ratchet rod and the clutch is unidirectional, which may meet the need of ratio energy storage better. 
         [0026]    The system for power generation with tide buoyancy and gravity ratio energy storage wherein the primary energy conversion devices and the ratio energy conversion devices are provided on an offshore platform; energy storage units are guided by the flexible transmission members to a position away from the offshore platform, and at the position a plurality of energy storage units are clustered. All the devices like generator sets are installed on the offshore platform or land near the sea, without the need of undersea construction or operation, therefore simplifying the construction and reducing the cost significantly. 
         [0027]    The system for power generation with tide buoyancy and gravity ratio energy storage wherein the power generation device comprises generator sets; a plurality of the flexible transmission members are guided by ratchet wheels respectively; the ratchet wheels are fixed on the same transmission spindle; the outer rings of the ratchet wheels guide the flexible transmission members and the inner rings thereof is fixed on the transmission spindle; the transmission directions of the ratchet wheels are along the falling direction of the energy storage components; the energy storage components, during falling, are capable of driving the ratchet wheels to rotate, so as to drive the transmission spindle which is connected to the generator sets, thereby driving them to generate electricity. The system of power generation according to the present invention may be a separate unit system, the output electricity amount of which can be large or small (ranging from a few kW to thousands of kW). Separate unit systems may work clusterly, and form a large scale of base for tidal power generation. 
         [0028]    According to the above concept, the present invention provides a method for tidal energy storage, characterized in that the method, during a tide cycle which includes stages of initiation, rising tide, high tide, and falling tide, comprises: step a, at initiation stage, making a buoy hermetic and empty; step b, at rising tide, converting the potential energy of the buoy rising by buoyancy into the gravitational potential energy of an energy storage component; step c, at high tide, filling the buoy with water; and step d, at falling tide, making the buoy hermetic and filled with water, and converting the potential energy of the buoy falling under gravity into the gravitational potential energy of the energy storage component. 
         [0029]    According to the above concept, the present invention provides a system for tidal energy storage, characterized in that it comprises at least one system unit which comprises energy storage components and further comprises: a buoy, which is capable of being filled with water and draining water; an primary energy conversion device, which converts the potential energy of the buoy rising by buoyancy into the gravitational potential energy of the energy storage component; and an ratio energy conversion device, which converts the potential energy of the water-filled buoy falling under gravity into the gravitational potential energy of the energy storage component. 
         [0030]    The aforementioned method and system according to the present invention, can achieve the objective of ratio energy storage, and they may be used for power generation and other industrial applications such as seawater desalination. 
         [0031]    According to the above concept, the present invention provides a buoy for tidal energy storage, characterized in that the buoy has an empty cavity, a controlled intake and drainage valve provided at the bottom thereof and a controlled intake and exhaust valve provided at the top thereof. 
         [0032]    The intake and drainage valve of the buoy is capable of taking in and draining water, and the intake and exhaust valve thereof capable of taking in and exhausting air, which differs from the “unidirectional intake and drainage buoy” in the prior art in that: 
         [0033]    the intake valve of the “unidirectional intake and drainage buoy” is at the top of the buoy while the drainage valve thereof at the bottom. When working, the buoy must be forced to stop floating before high tide, and is submerged in the seawater by a depth, therefore a limit device capable of overcoming great buoyant force and adjusting position is needed, and the energy from tide difference will be lost, which increases the cost and reduces the production; 
         [0034]    the “unidirectional intake and drainage buoy” takes in water from the top, and has no intake and exhaust opening, which loses the possibility of comprehensively utilizing rapid intake and exhaust air. In the present invention, for the reason that the intake and drainage processes occur at the bottom of the buoy, seawater enters and exits the buoy under great hydraulic pressure, with air passing through the intake and exhaust opening with high speed (when water is entering, positive pressure is produced in the buoy and air is surged outwards rapidly, and when water is exiting, negative pressure is produced in the buoy and air is sucked rapidly). The energy in the processes may further be applied, especially in clustering construction, in which the large amount of intake and exhaust air presents great value of comprehensive application, which may reduce the operation cost; 
         [0035]    seawater enters from the top of the buoy more slowly than from the bottom thereof, and due to the limited time of high tide, when the displacement of the buoy is over a certain range it may occur to have no time for water to fill the buoy, which may affect the normal operation. 
         [0036]    According to the above concept, the present invention provides a ratio lifting system suitable for tidal energy storage, which is used for lifting an energy storage component, characterized in that it comprises a buoy bracket, a lifting ratchet rod, a clutch for lifting ratchet rod, a flexible transmission member, a pulley, a transmission spindle, a lowering ratchet rod and a clutch for lowering ratchet rod, wherein the flexible transmission member detours the pulley and hangs the lifting ratchet rod and the lowering ratchet rod at the two sides thereof respectively, and at the two sides of the buoy bracket are respectively provided with the clutch for lifting ratchet rod, by means of which the buoy bracket is connected releasably to the lifting ratchet rod, and the clutch for lowering ratchet rod, by means of which the buoy bracket is connected releasably to the lowering ratchet rod; and the lifting ratchet rod is used for connecting the hanging energy storage component. 
         [0037]    During rising tide, the “hermetic and empty buoy”, by buoyancy, pushes the buoy bracket to ascend. At this time, the buoy bracket joins with the lifting ratchet rod through the clutch for lifting ratchet rod, while the lowering ratchet rod is released, and the energy storage component ascends to the position at high tide; when at high tide the clutch for lowering ratchet rod is closed, and grasps the lowering ratchet rod while the clutch for lifting ratchet rod is opened and the lifting ratchet rod is released; During falling ride, the “water-filled buoy” descends under the gravity thereof and draws the lowering ratchet rod to fall, which in turn lifts the energy storage components through a flexible transmission member. Where the height of the buoy is far less than the difference of the tide, the total elevation height of the energy storage component equals approximately the double of the difference of the tide, realizing “ratio elevation”. 
         [0038]    According to the above concept, the present invention provides a system for tidal energy storage, characterized in that it comprises at least one system unit, which comprises an energy storage component and further comprises: a buoy having an empty cavity, a controlled intake and drainage valve at the bottom thereof and a controlled intake and exhaust valve at the top thereof; and a ratio lifting system, comprising a buoy bracket, a lifting ratchet rod, a clutch for lifting ratchet rod, a flexible transmission member, a pulley, a transmission spindle, a lowering ratchet rod and a clutch for lowering ratchet rod, wherein the flexible transmission member detours the pulley and hangs the lifting ratchet rod and the lowering ratchet rod at the two sides of the pulley respectively, and at the two sides of the buoy bracket are provided respectively with the clutch for lifting ratchet rod, by means of which the buoy bracket is connected releasably to the lifting ratchet rod, and the clutch for lowering ratchet rod, by means of which the buoy bracket is connected releasably to the lowering ratchet rod; and the lifting ratchet rod connects the hanging energy storage component. 
         [0039]    According to the above concept, the present invention provides a system for power generation with tidal energy, characterized in that it comprises at least one system unit, which comprises an energy storage component and further comprises: a buoy having an empty cavity, a controlled intake and drainage valve provided at the bottom thereof and a controlled intake and exhaust valve provided at the top thereof; a ratio lifting system, comprising a buoy bracket connecting the buoy, a lifting ratchet rod, a clutch for lifting ratchet rod, a flexible transmission member, a pulley, a transmission spindle, a lowering ratchet rod and a clutch for lowering ratchet rod, wherein the flexible transmission member detours the pulley and hangs the lifting ratchet rod and the lowering ratchet rod at the two sides of the pulley respectively, and at the two sides of the buoy bracket are provided respectively with the clutch for lifting ratchet rod, by means of which the buoy bracket is connected releasably to the lifting ratchet rod, and the clutch for lowering ratchet rod, by means of which the buoy bracket is connected releasably to the lowering ratchet rod, and the lifting ratchet rod connects the hanging energy storage component; generator sets; and a transmission spindle, associated with the energy storage components, and driven by the falling energy storage components, and the transmission spindle drives the generator sets to generate electricity. 
         [0040]    The system for power generation with tidal energy wherein the pulley is a ratchet wheel, the inner ring of which is fixed on the transmission spindle and the outer ring thereof is detoured by a flexible transmission member; the flexible transmission member is capable of driving the outer ring of the ratchet wheel. 
         [0041]    The system for power generation with tidal energy wherein the system has an offshore platform, on which are installed with the buoy and the ratio lifting system; the lifting ratchet wheel is connected to the energy storage component through a flexible drawing member; the flexible drawing member extends to a position away from the offshore platform, and at the position detours the ratchet wheel; the inner ring of the ratchet wheel is fixed on the transmission spindle, and the outer ring thereof is detoured by the flexible drawing member; the transmission direction of the ratchet wheel is along the falling direction of the energy storage component; and the energy storage component, during falling, is capable of driving the ratchet wheel to rotate. 
         [0042]    The system for power generation with tidal energy wherein the ratchet wheels detoured by the flexible drawing members of a plurality of the energy storage components are provided on the same transmission spindle. 
         [0043]    The system for power generation with tidal energy wherein the flexible drawing member extends away from the offshore platform to a position on the land, and at the position there is formed with a pit below the energy storage. 
         [0044]    The system for power generation with tidal energy wherein the system unit further comprises a positioning clutch, which is provided on the base of the system unit and is releasably engaged with the lowering ratchet rod. 
         [0045]    The system for power generation with tidal energy wherein the system unit comprises a plurality of groups of energy storage components, each of which is lifted by one of the ratio lifting systems and is positioned through one of the positioning clutch engaging with the corresponding lowering ratchet rod; the ratio lifting systems corresponding to the plurality of energy storage components share one buoy bracket, and the positioning clutch for each group of the energy storage components is capable of releasing the lowering ratchet rod in different time. 
         [0046]    The system for power generation with tidal energy according to the present invention realizes the ratio energy storage. The elevation height of the energy storage component is twice as the difference of the tide, higher than that in the systems in the prior art which need to send tide water to the high position. The system for power generation with tidal energy according to the present invention may generate electricity with tidal energy around the areas like flat beach, shallow beach or island coast on which dams cannot be constructed, therefore the application scope of the tide resource is extended significantly. 
         [0047]    The aforementioned objectives, features and technical effects will be described in detail in conjunction with the Brief Description of The Drawings and the Detailed Description of The Invention hereinafter. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0048]      FIG. 1  illustrates a first embodiment according to the present invention—a power generation system with tide buoyancy and gravity ratio energy storage. 
           [0049]      FIG. 2  illustrates the first embodiment at high ride when the buoy is empty. 
           [0050]      FIG. 3  illustrates the first embodiment at high ride when the buoy is filled with water. 
           [0051]      FIG. 4  illustrates the first embodiment at falling ride when the buoy is discharging water. 
           [0052]      FIG. 5  illustrates a second embodiment according to the present invention—a seawater desalination system with tide buoyancy and gravity ratio energy storage. 
           [0053]      FIG. 6  illustrates a third embodiment according to the present invention—a floating and spreading seawater desalination system with tide buoyancy and gravity ratio energy storage at low ride. 
           [0054]      FIG. 7  illustrates the third embodiment at rising tide. 
           [0055]      FIG. 7   a  illustrates a fourth embodiment according to the present invention—a power generation system with tide buoyancy and gravity ratio energy storage at low ride, when the buoy is empty. 
           [0056]      FIG. 7   b  illustrates the fourth embodiment at high ride when the buoy is filled with water. 
           [0057]      FIG. 7   c  illustrates the fourth embodiment at falling ride when the buoy is discharging water. 
           [0058]      FIG. 8  illustrates a fifth embodiment according to the present invention—a continuous power generation system with tide buoyancy and gravity ratio energy storage. 
           [0059]      FIG. 9   a  illustrates the state of the energy storage components of the fifth embodiment at initial stage of low ride. 
           [0060]      FIG. 9   b  illustrates the state of the energy storage components of the fifth embodiment at a first stage of rising ride—falling ride. 
           [0061]      FIG. 9   c  illustrates the state of the energy storage components of the fifth embodiment at the first stage of rising ride—low ride. 
           [0062]      FIG. 9   d  illustrates the state of the energy storage components of the fifth embodiment at a second stage of rising ride—falling ride. 
           [0063]      FIG. 9   e  illustrates the state of the energy storage components of the fifth embodiment at the second stage of rising ride—low ride. 
           [0064]      FIG. 9   f  illustrates the state of the energy storage components of the fifth embodiment at a third stage of rising ride—falling ride. 
           [0065]      FIG. 9   g  illustrates the state of the energy storage components of the fifth embodiment at the third stage of rising ride—low ride. 
           [0066]      FIG. 9   h  illustrates the state of the energy storage components of the fifth embodiment at a fourth stage of rising ride—falling ride. 
           [0067]      FIG. 10  illustrates the state of a sixth embodiment—a power generation system wherein the energy storage components are moved away. 
           [0068]      FIG. 11  illustrates the state of the sixth embodiment at high ride. 
           [0069]      FIG. 12  illustrates the state of the sixth embodiment at falling ride. 
           [0070]      FIG. 13  illustrates the state of a seventh embodiment—a power generation system wherein the energy storage components are moved into a pit. 
           [0071]      FIG. 14  is the schematic diagram showing an eighth embodiment according to the present invention—a cluster-type power generation system with tide buoyancy and gravity ratio energy storage. 
           [0072]      FIG. 15  is the schematic diagram showing a ninth embodiment according to the present invention—a three-dimensional energy integral utilization system with tide energy, wind force and solar energy. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0073]    With reference to  FIG. 1  to  FIG. 4 , the method of power generation with tide buoyancy and gravity ratio energy storage according to the present invention includes several steps which are performed repeatedly, the cycle thereof equal to a tide cycle. A tide cycle includes stages of initiation, rising tide, high tide, and falling tide. The method includes: 
         [0074]    step a: at initiation stage as illustrated in  FIG. 1 , making the buoy  3  hermetic and empty; 
         [0075]    step b: at rising tide, with reference to  FIGS. 1 and 2 , converting the potential energy of the buoy  3  rising by buoyancy into the gravitational potential energy of the energy storage component  8 ; 
         [0076]    step c: as illustrated in  FIG. 3 , when close to high tide or at high tide, filling the buoy  3  with water: opening the upper valve  21  and the lower valve  2 , then tide water entering the buoy through the lower valve  2 , the air in the cavity of the buoy being discharged through the upper valve  21  such that tide water fills the buoy quickly; 
         [0077]    step d: still referring to  FIG. 3 , at falling tide, closing the upper valve  21  and the lower valve  2  such that the buoy  3  becomes a hermetic body with water filled, and converting the potential energy of the buoy  3  falling under gravity into the gravitational potential energy of the energy storage component; 
         [0078]    step e: as shown in  FIG. 4 , converting the gravitational potential energy of the energy storage component into electrical energy; and 
         [0079]    step f: repeating the above steps when next tide arrives. 
         [0080]    Corresponding to the method of the present invention,  FIG. 1  to  FIG. 4  illustrate a power generation system with tide buoyancy and gravity ratio energy storage, which may be configured by at least one system unit  100  shown in  FIG. 1  to  FIG. 4 . The system unit  100  includes a buoy  3  and an energy storage component  8 , and corresponding to the step b, further includes an primary energy conversion device, which converts the potential energy of the buoy  3  rising by buoyancy into the gravitational potential energy of the energy storage component  8 ; and corresponding to the step c, further includes an ratio energy conversion device, which converts the potential energy of the water-filled buoy  3  falling under gravity into the gravitational potential energy of the energy storage component  8 ; and corresponding to the step e, further includes a power generation device, which converts the gravitational potential energy of the energy storage component  8  into electrical energy. The buoy control device, the primary energy conversion device, the ratio energy conversion device and the power generation device are illustrated in the preferable embodiment in  FIGS. 1-4 , but not limited to it. The skilled person in the art may make any modification or alternation for the devices of the system within the spirit of the present invention. 
         [0081]    As shown in  FIG. 1 , the buoy  3  has an empty cavity  1 , and an upper valve (intake and drainage valve)  21  and a lower valve (intake and exhaust valve)  2 . The upper valve  21  and the lower valve  2  can be but not limited to solenoid valves. Logic control units like PLC may control execution units, for instance, driving mechanisms, hydraulic or pneumatic driving units, to close or open the upper valve  21  and the lower valve  2 . For the purpose of clear observation, the logic control units, and the execution mechanisms are not shown. The upper valve  21 , the lower valve  2 , and the corresponding logic control units and execution mechanisms constitute the buoy control device of the power generation system with tide buoyancy and gravity ratio energy storage. The buoy control device may close the upper valve  21  and the lower valve  2  in step a of the aforementioned method, and open them in the step c, and in turn close them again in step d. More details about the process will be described thereafter. The logic control units and execution mechanisms of the buoy control device could be integrated in some cases. The aforementioned is not to exhaust the embodiment of the buoy control device, the person skilled in the art could according to the spirit of the invention in face of particular case select or combine the prior art to configure various kinds of the control device to open or close the buoy  3 . 
         [0082]    Still referring to  FIG. 1 , the primary energy conversion device includes a buoy bracket  7 , a lifting member  10  and a clutch for lifting member  11 . The buoy bracket  7  connects the buoy  3  via a pivot shaft  6 , and they both may rotate about the shaft  6 , such that this flexible connection can adapt to the swing of the buoy  3  caused by tide water. The buoy bracket  7  is provided with a clutch for lifting member  11  by means of which it can join releasably with the lifting member  10 , and a clutch for lowering member  17  by means of which it can join releasably with lowering member  16 . But it will be understood through the description for the working process that the buoy bracket  7  may not connect to lifting member  10  and lowering member  16  at the same time. The lifting member  10  hangs the energy storage component  8  at its lower end by rope  9  (a flexible drawing member), and connects with the right end of rope  12  (a driving flexible member) at its upper end. The length of the rope  9  is schematically shown, and it will be understood that the length thereof is far longer than that shown in the drawings. The engagement between the clutch for lifting member  11  and the lifting member  10  or between the clutch for lowering member  17  and the lowering member  16  can be of various ways. The lifting member  10  and the lowering member  16  are both tie rods. For example, tie rods  10  and  16  are formed with ratchets, and correspondingly, clutches  11  and  17  are also formed with matching ratchets. In some of the embodiments thereafter, the lifting member  10  is referred to as lifting ratchet rod, lifting rod, ratchet rod, or simplified as tie rod, and the lowering member  16  is referred to as lowering ratchet rod, lowering rod, ratchet rod, or simplified as tie rod. Correspondingly, the clutch  11  and the clutch  17  are respectively referred to as clutch for lifting ratchet rod  11  and clutch for lowering ratchet rod  17 , or both simplified as clutch. 
         [0083]    The energy storage component  8  is depicted as a square in the drawings, but its shape is not limited to it. The energy storage component  8  can be supplied with very low cost, such as using soil, sand, seawater or the like, and can be referred to as solid energy storage component, because it needs no longer running water to store energy as that in the prior art. It will be understood through the following description that the energy storage component  8  stores gravitational potential energy mainly via gaining a lifting height, and its weight is equal to the displacement of the buoy, and its material depends on the requirement of the overall structure on its volume (without requirements on strength). When the overall structure requires the volume of the energy storage component to be relatively small, metals, even heavy metals (steel, lead, mercury and the like) may be employed; when there is no requirement on its volume, concrete or even packed pebble, gravel, soil or water may be employed, so as to reduce the cost. Ropes  9  and  12  may be flexible members constituted by any materials with high tensile strength, such as steel wire rope, fiberglass, chains. 
         [0084]    Still referring to  FIG. 1 , a ratio energy conversion device includes a buoy bracket  7 , a lowering member  16  and a clutch for lowering member  17 . Rope  12  is guided by ratchets  13 ,  14 , and connects to the upper end of the lowering member  16  at its left end. The lower end of the lowering member  16  may connect releasably to the clutch for lowering member  17  and positioning clutch  18 , but not at the same time. The positioning clutch  18  is fixed on connecting seat  19  mounted on platform which is higher than the horizontal plane  22 . The buoy bracket  7  connecting with the buoy  3  can go up and down along with it. The connecting seat  19  has a through hole, through which the lowering member  16  can move up and down without any restriction. 
         [0085]    Still referring to  FIG. 1 , the power generation device includes a generator (not shown in the drawing) and ratchet wheels  13 ,  14 . The ratchet wheels  13 ,  14  includes outer ring  13  and inner ring  14 , in which the outer ring  13  functions as a pulley wheel and is detoured by the flexible member  9 . There can be just unidirectional transmission between the ratchet wheels  13  and  14 , and in the drawing, the direction of the unidirectional transmission is clockwise, i.e. the falling direction of the energy storage component  8 . The inner ring  14  of the ratchet wheel is mounted on spindle  15 , which may rotate synchronously along with the former. 
         [0086]    Said clutches  11 ,  17 ,  18  and the control device controlled by the buoy may be provided integrally (the following description bases on this integral manner and all the devices controlling them are referred to as control device) or separately, and the skilled in the art can, depending on demand, choose control devices with any control manner such as electrically, pneumatically, hydraulically. 
         [0087]    Hereinafter, an operating cycle of the power generation system with tide buoyancy and gravity ratio energy storage according to the present invention will be described in conjunction with  FIGS. 1-4 . 
         [0088]      FIG. 1  shows the system in the initial stage of the tidal cycle when the lower valve  2  and the upper valve  21  are both closed, the cavity  1  is hermetic body, and the buoy  3  is in seawater under the pressure from the energy storage component  8 , full filled with air to make the buoy  3  in state of hermetic empty pontoon, and with its upper surface just above the seawater. Meanwhile, the gravity of the energy storage component  8  is applied to the buoy bracket  7  via the engagement between the clutch  11  and the tie rod  10 , and the buoyancy which the buoy  3  is subjected to is equal to the gravity. At rising tide, the buoy  3 , subjected to greatest buoyancy, begins to rise, and the buoy bracket  7  rises therewith, when the buoy bracket  7  connects the lifting member  10  via the clutch for lifting member  11 , while it disengages with the lowering member  16 , that is, both the clutch for lowering member  17  and the positioning clutch  18  are released. Because the tie rod  10  is joining with the buoy bracket  7 , it rises at the same time, along with which the energy storage component  8  begins to lift and thus to store the gravitational potential energy. The lowering member  16 , linked with the lifting member  10  via rope  9  and always moving along the direction opposite to the lifting member  10 , thus begins to fall. Moreover, the energy storage component drives the outer ring  13  of the ratchet wheel rotate reversely to the spindle, the spindle  15  and the inner ring  14  of the ratchet wheel remaining static. 
         [0089]    As depicted in  FIG. 2 , the buoy  3  reaches close to the highest position when the first energy storage of the energy storage component  8  is finished. Comparing  FIG. 2  with  FIG. 1 , it will be found that the energy storage component  8  has ascended by a height roughly equal to the difference of the tide. 
         [0090]    As shown in  FIG. 3 , at high tide, the control devices open the lower valve  2  and the upper valve  21 , and tide water fully fill the cavity  1  quickly. 
         [0091]    While the tide water begins to recede, owing to that after the buoy  3  is fully filled, the control devices close the lower valve  2  and the upper valve  21 , the buoy  3  may be referred to as a heavy hermetic body filled with water, the weight of which is greater than that of the energy storage component  8 . During falling tide, the buoy  3  descends under the gravity thereof. Meanwhile, the clutch  17  is closed, and the buoy bracket  7  joins with the lowering rod  16 , while the clutch for lifting member  11  and the positioning clutch  18  are released. Therefore, when the buoy  3  falls, the buoy bracket  7  and the lowering rod  16  descend while the lifting member  10  and the energy storage component  8  ascend. When the buoy  3  falls 0.2 m close to the surface of low tide, the clutch  17  is closed and grips the tie rod  16  and at the same time the clutch  18  on the platform is closed and grips the tie rod  16  as well, such that the buoy stopped at the position approximate to the sea level. At this time, the elevation height of the energy storage component  8  is the difference of the tide minus the height of the buoy. Where the height of the buoy is far less than the difference of the tide, the elevation height of the energy storage component  8  approximately equals the difference of the tide, therefore, the total elevation height of the energy storage component  8  approximately equals the double of the difference of the tide, realizing “ratio elevation”, thus realizing the ratio energy storage. 
         [0092]    As shown in  FIG. 4 , when the lower valve of the buoy is about 0.2 m above the sea level, the clutches  17 ,  18  are controlled to stop the buoy and the lower valve  2  and the upper valve  21  are opened at the same time. After the sea water was drained, the lower valve  2  and the upper valve  21  is shut and the buoy  3  restores empty. Meanwhile, the clutches  17 ,  11  are released and the empty and hermetic buoy  3 , under its gravity, descends into the sea, and returns to its initial position, ready for next tidal cycle. At this time, the positioning clutch  18  is closed and grips the upper rod  16 , and the energy storage component  8  is kept at the highest position. Before next tide comes (that is, at the still tide), the energy storage component  8  can be released sequentially according to the procedures, so as to achieve continuous power generation, in which the releasing way for the component  8  will be described hereinafter. After releasing the energy storage component  8 , i.e. after releasing the clutch  18 , the component  8  descends, and drives the outer ring  13  of the ratchet to rotate, which outer ring  13  drives the whole ratchet wheel to rotate anticlockwise, which ratchet wheel drives generators or generator sets to generate electricity, thereby the gravitational potential energy of the energy storage component  8  is converted into electrical energy. This method converts the tidal energy directly into rotation torque of the main spindle, which actuate directly speed reducers so as to drive generators to generate electricity, without using power machines like hydraulic turbines, turbomachines to convert hydroenergy into electrical energy, thus improving the energy conversion efficiency, simplifying devices and reducing the cost significantly. 
         [0093]    According to the previous description, during the rising tide and falling tide, the energy storage component  8  is subjected to the buoyancy of the empty buoy and the gravity of the water-filled buoy respectively, and under the effect of the primary energy conversion device and the ratio energy conversion device, it is lifted to a height twice the tide difference H, the weight of the energy storage component is equal to the discharge capacity of the buoy, therefore accomplishing the transmission and storage from the energy of the tide difference to the energy storage component. During the process, there is little energy loss, and owing to that the lifting height is twice the difference of the tide, the potential energy in the energy storage component is twice the tidal energy that the buoy covers (E=mg2H, where m is the mass of the buoy). 
         [0094]      FIG. 5  illustrates the second embodiment of the present invention, which is a seawater desalination system  200  with tide buoyancy and gravity ratio energy storage, comprising a power generation system  100  of the first embodiment, a seawater evaporation tower  30  and a steam condensation tower  31 . The seawater evaporation tower  30  is configured with a vacuum pump  32 , which is associated with the transmission spindle  15 , that is, the transmission spindle  15  connects the vacuum pump  32  with a power transmission mechanism such that the former can drive the latter to work. In this embodiment, the power generation system  100  can only work as a dynamical system to supply driving force but not to generate electricity (the power generation sets are canceled). The seawater evaporation tower  30  in this embodiment is a barrel with a fixed volume, and is optionally provided with a water heater  33 . Seawater is sucked into the water heater  33  from the water inlet  34 , and after being heated in the water heater  33 , it goes into the seawater evaporation tower  30 . At the bottom of the seawater evaporation tower  30  is seawater, and the vacuum pump  32  connects the upper portion thereof via pipelines  36   a . The vacuum pump  32  vacuumizes the seawater evaporation tower  30  to form negative pressure therein, which urges water to evaporate out from seawater, and suck the evaporated water. The vacuum pump  32  also connects the condensation tower  31  containing cooling water via pipeline  36   b , in which cooling water is filled and coil pipes  35  are arranged through the cooling water. The high-pressure vapor from the vacuum pump  32  passes through the coil pipe  35  and is cooled by the cooling water, finally condensing into fresh water and entering the container  36 , while strong brine discharged from the seawater evaporation tower  30  enters the container  35 , in which the strong brine can be utilized to produce salt. 
         [0095]      FIGS. 6 and 7  shows the third embodiment of the present invention, which is a seawater desalination system  300  with tide buoyancy and gravity ratio energy storage. The seawater desalination system  300  of the embodiment is formed on the basis of the power generation system in the first embodiment, in which the energy storage component is replaced with a floating and spreading seawater evaporation tower  40 , and the rope  9  originally connecting the energy storage component is lengthened, and is guided around pulley assembly  23  to extend to the land, and likewise, the ratchet wheels  13 ,  14  originally driving the transmission spindle  15  is moved to the land. The ratchet wheels  13 ,  14 , the seawater evaporation tower  40  and the like are supported by the bracket  20   a  on the land, while the bracket  20  on the offshore platform  5  supports the bearing spindle  15  and the fixed pulley  14   a . The principle of the third embodiment on the utilization of tidal energy is identical essentially with that of the sixth embodiment thereafter. 
         [0096]    The seawater evaporation tower  40  includes a floating barrel  41   a  and a stationary barrel  41   b , in which the stationary barrel  41   b  is provided with an annular sealing groove  42 , and the lower portion of the floating barrel  41   a  is inserted into the sealing groove, and can move up and down therein. After being inserted into the sealing groove  42 , the floating barrel  41   a  covers the stationary barrel  41   b , and when putting liquid like seawater in the sealing groove  42 , the seawater evaporation tower  40  becomes sealed. Furthermore, the sealing space defined by the floating barrel  41   a  and the stationary barrel  41   b  may be varied and the sealing structure may be another type other than liquid sealing. The seawater evaporation tower  40  extends its internal space through the upward movement of the floating barrel  41   a , so as to form negative pressure. 
         [0097]    Seawater is introduced into the lower portion of the stationary barrel  41   b  by means of pipeline  43   a , in which there is provided with a solenoid valve  44   a . In the stationary barrel  41   b , a condensed water collection tray  49  is supported at a height away from the bottom thereof, the tray exporting the fresh water or mixture of water and steam to the condensation tower through the pipeline  43   b , in which pipeline  43   b  is provided with a solenoid valve  44   b . At the lower portion of the stationary barrel  41   b  is disposed via pipelines  43   c  in which is provided with solenoid valve  44   c . The strong brine flows into the pipeline  43   c  from its bottom and at last out of the stationary barrel  41   b . Between the inner wall of the stationary barrel  41   b  and the condensed water collection tray  49 , there is provided with a condensed water scraper  48 , which is used to guide the condensed water into the collection tray  49 . At the bottom of the collection tray  49  is disposed with a fresh water export pipe  43   b . The seawater evaporation tower  40  is better to be configured with a water heater, for instance a solar water heater. The seawater in the pipeline  43   a  is that heated by the water heater. 
         [0098]    The working process of this embodiment will be described hereinafter. 
         [0099]    As illustrated in  FIG. 6 , during the rising tide to the falling tide, tide exerts the buoy bidirectionally, such that the rope  9  lifts the floating barrel  41   a  on the seawater evaporation tower  40  by a height 2H, and the volume of the seawater evaporation tower  40  extends and negative pressure is formed. After lifting a height 2H, the solenoid clutch  18  for tie rod is closed and grips the rod  16 , to keep the floating barrel  41   a  at the highest position, continuously maintaining the vacuum degree in the seawater evaporation tower  40 . With the intake solenoid valve  44   a  opened, the seawater, under negative pressure, flows through the solar water heater into the stationary barrel  41   b . The preheated seawater, under negative pressure kept by the stationary barrel  41   b , evaporates quickly, with abundant vapor emerging. 
         [0100]    At low tide, the solenoid clutch  18  for tie rod is opened and releases the upper rod  16 , and the floating barrel  41   a  descends under gravity, with the pressure in the stationary barrel  41   b  increasing, and the vapor condenses into water and flows along the inner wall of barrel and then flows downward along the condensed water scraper  48  into the collection tray  49 . The floating barrel  41   a  descends under gravity, and the mixture of water and steam is sent to a condensation tower (not shown in  FIG. 6 , it can be understood with reference to  FIG. 5 ) and condensed continuously into fresh water. The salt concentration of the seawater in the evaporation tower  40  increases with the evaporation of water. The solenoid valve  44   c  can be controlled to discharge the strong brine so as to produce salt, while the fresh seawater is sucked into the evaporation tower under the negative press thereof. With repeating this, it is possible to continuously produce fresh water and salt based on seawater. 
         [0101]    Comparing with the second embodiment, the third one uses a floating and spreading seawater evaporation tower  40 , without the vacuum pump. 
         [0102]    As illustrated in  FIG. 6 , for the purpose of reducing the height of the bracket  20   a , the evaporation tower  40  is provided in a pit. 
         [0103]      FIGS. 7   a - 7   c  show the fourth embodiment of the present invention, which adds a pressure tank  51  and a vacuum tank  50  on the basis of the first embodiment. The vacuum tank  50  and the pressure tank  51  both connect the upper valve  21  with pipelines. The pipelines connecting the pressure tank  51  is provided with a solenoid valve  510 , and the ones connecting the vacuum tank  50  with a solenoid valve  500 . As illustrated in  FIG. 7   a , at low tide, both the solenoid valve  510  and the solenoid valve  500  assume a close state, and the empty buoy  3  is not in communication with the pressure tank  51  and the vacuum tank  50 . As illustrated in  FIG. 7   b , at high tide, the lower valve  2  and the upper valve  21  are both opened, and tide water surges into the buoy  3  from the lower valve  2 , discharging the air therein. At this stage, the solenoid valve  510  is opened, the discharged air enters the pressure tank  51 . As depicted in  FIG. 7   c , at the stage of the buoy discharging water, the solenoid valve  510  is shut while the solenoid valve  500  is opened, and the seawater flows out of the buoy  3  under its gravity, which may form negative pressure in the buoy  3 , thus vacuumizing the vacuum tank  50 . The advantage of the fourth embodiment is that there are byproducts formed, that is, the pressure tank  51  and the vacuum tank  50 . 
         [0104]    Apparently, the structure that the pressure tank  51  and the vacuum tank  50  connect the upper valve  21  can be applied to the embodiments both hereinabove and hereinafter. 
         [0105]      FIG. 8  illustrates another embodiment of the power generation system with tide buoyancy and gravity ratio energy storage according to the present invention, i.e. the fifth embodiment.  FIG. 8  only shows a system unit  400 , and the whole system may be configured by at least one such system unit  400 . In  FIG. 8 , (a) is a front view, (b) is a cross-sectional view, and (c) is a top view. The main difference from the embodiment in  FIG. 1  is that, the system unit  400  in  FIG. 8  has an energy storage component region with several groups of energy storage components for continuously generating electricity.  FIG. 8  takes A, B, C groups as an example to illustrate, each of which components has the same way to store energy as that of the embodiment in  FIG. 1 , and the buoy bracket, multiple clutches, a lifting rod and a lowering rod coordinates with each other to complete the ratio energy storage. But they are different in releasing the stored energy. As shown in  FIG. 8 , all the groups share a buoy bracket  7 . After each group of “energy storage components” are lifted to the specified position, they are kept at specified height under the effect of the positioning clutch  18 , thus without the limitation from the tide cycle. The energy storage components are released and fall in a different time style upon specified procedures, so as to drive generator sets to continuously generate electricity. 
         [0106]    With reference to  FIGS. 9   a - 9   h , the working process of the embodiment will be described as follows.
       1) at initial stage (as shown in  FIG. 9   a ):
           {circle around (1)} the sea level: the sea level is at low tide.   {circle around (2)} the position of the buoy  3  and the state of the upper and lower valves: the buoy  3  is sunk into seawater under pressure of energy storage component  8 , air-filled and with its upper surface just above the seawater, and in a state of “hermetic empty pontoon”; the intake and exhaust valve (the upper valve)  2  and the intake and exhaust valve (the lower valve)  21  are both closed (it can be understood referring to  FIG. 2 ).   {circle around (3)} the state of the solenoid clutches and the ratchet rods:
               the solenoid clutch  11  is closed and grips the ratchet rod  10 ;   the solenoid clutch for rod  17  and  19  is opened, and the ratchet rod  16  is released.   
               {circle around (4)} the position of the energy storage components  8 : the gravity of each group “energy storage component” A, B, C is applied to the buoy bracket  7  via the engagement between the clutches  11  and the tie rods  10 , and the buoyancy which the buoy  3  is subjected to is equal to the gravity, and the energy storage components  8  is at the lowest position.   {circle around (5)} the state of the ratchet wheel  13 ,  14 : the ratchet wheel  13 ,  14  do not rotate.   {circle around (6)} the state of the spindle  15 : the spindle  15  does not rotate.   
           2) at the stage of rising tide, as shown in  FIG. 9   b:  
           {circle around (1)} the sea level: the sea level rises gradually from the position at low tide to that at high tide;   {circle around (2)} the position of the buoy and the state of the upper and lower valves: the buoy, under buoyancy, rises to the position at high tide and is fully filled with air; the intake and exhaust valve (upper valve)  2  and the intake and exhaust valve (lower valve)  21  are both closed (it can be understood referring to  FIG. 2 ).   {circle around (3)} the state of the solenoid clutches and the ratchet rods:
               during the rising of the sea level, the solenoid clutch  11  keeps closed and grips the ratchet rod  10 ;   after reaching the position at high tide, the solenoid clutch  11  is opened and releases the ratchet rod  10 , while the solenoid clutch for rod  17  is closed and grips the ratchet rod  16 ;   the solenoid clutch for rod  18  is opened, and the ratchet rod  16  can slide therein.   
               {circle around (4)} the position of the energy storage components: during the rising of the sea level, the solenoid clutch  11  mounted on the buoy bracket  7  grips the ratchet rod  10 , and draws all the “energy storage components” to rise gradually to the position at high tide;   {circle around (5)} the state of the ratchet wheels: the energy storage components  8  are linked with the tie rod  16  via chain  12  around the outer ring  13  of the ratchet wheel, and when the energy storage components  8  ascend, the components drive the ratchet wheel  13  to rotate reversely to the spindle  15 , and due to the unidirectional transmission between the ratchet wheels  13  and  14 , the ratchet wheel  13  does not drive the spindle  15 .   {circle around (6)} the state of the spindle  15 : the spindle  15  does not rotate   
           3) at the stage of high tide, still as shown in  FIG. 9   b:  
           {circle around (1)} the sea level: the sea level remains at the position at high tide;   {circle around (2)} the position of the buoy and the state of the upper and lower valves: the buoy  3  remains at the position at high tide, and the electromagnetic control system is actuated to open the intake and drainage valve  2  and the intake and exhaust valve  21 , seawater filling the buoy at high tide, and after that, the electromagnetic control system is actuated to shut the intake and drainage valve  2  and the intake and exhaust valve  21  and the buoy  3  becomes “a water-filled pontoon”, and descends under gravity.   {circle around (3)} the state of the solenoid clutches and the ratchet rods:
               the solenoid clutch  11  is opened and releases the ratchet rod  10 ;   the solenoid clutch  17  for rod is closed and grips the ratchet rod  16 ;   the solenoid clutch  18  for rod is opened, and the ratchet rod  16  can slide therein.   
               {circle around (4)} the position of the energy storage components: all the “energy storage components” A, B, C assume the position at high tide;   {circle around (5)} the state of the ratchet wheels: both the ratchet wheels  13  and  14  do not rotate;   {circle around (6)} the state of the spindle: the spindle  15  does not rotate;   
           4) at the stage of falling tide, still as shown in  FIG. 9   b  
           {circle around (1)} the sea level: the sea level descends from the position at high tide to that at low tide;   {circle around (2)} the position of the buoy and the state of the upper and lower valves: the buoy  3  descends from the position at high tide, and when the intake and drainage valve  2  arrives at the position which is 0.2 m away from the sea level, the solenoid clutches for rod  17 , 18  are controlled to stop the buoy  3  from descending. The electromagnetic control system is actuated to open the intake and drainage valve  2  and the intake and exhaust valve  21 , such that seawater is discharged by free fall; and after the seawater is drained, the intake and drainage valve  2  and the intake and exhaust valve  21  are shut and the buoy  3  restores “a hermetic empty pontoon”, then the clutches  11 , 17 ,  18  is controlled such that the buoy goes into the seawater gradually by the weight of the energy storage components and itself and returns to the position at initial stage.   {circle around (3)} the state of the solenoid clutches and the ratchet rods:
               the solenoid clutch  11  is opened and releases the ratchet rod  10 ;   when tide begins to fall, the solenoid clutch for rod  17  is closed and grips the ratchet rod  16  such that the ratchet rod  16  draws the energy storage components  8  to ascend with the falling of the buoy  3 ;   when the buoy  3  falls 0.2 m close to the surface of low tide, the clutch  17  is closed and grips the tie rod  16  and at the same time the clutch  18  on the platform is closed and grips the tie rod  16  as well, so as to keep the buoy at the position close to the sea level.   
               {circle around (4)} the position of the energy storage components:
               energy storage components  8  is drew by the ratchet rod  16  and chain  12  and go on elevating from the position at high tide, the elevation height is the difference of the tide H minus the height of the buoy h (where h is far less than H, h can be omitted, and the elevation height of the buoy is H), therefore, the total elevation height of the energy storage component  8  approximately equals the double of the difference of the tide, that is, 2H. When the energy storage components  8  reach the highest position, the solenoid clutch for rod  18  is closed and grips the tie rod  16 , and keeps the components  8  at the highest position, and at this time the potential energy of the components  8  is E=mg2H, i.e. doubles the energy of the tidal energy;   
               {circle around (5)} the state of the ratchet wheels: when the rod  16  descends, the outer ring  13  of the ratchet wheel and the spindle  14  rotate anticlockwise, without driving the spindle  14 ;   {circle around (6)} the state of the spindle: the spindle  15  does not rotate;   
           5) at the stage of first low tide (after the falling tide, and before the next rising tide), as shown in  FIG. 9   c  
           {circle around (1)} sea level: the sea level is at low tide again   {circle around (2)} the position of the buoy  3  and the state of the upper and lower valves: the buoy  3  is in seawater under pressure from the energy storage components  8 , air-filled and with its upper surface just above the seawater, and assumes a state of “hermetic empty pontoon”; the intake and drainage valve  2  and the intake and exhaust valve  21  are both closed.   {circle around (3)} the state of the solenoid clutches and the ratchet rods:
               for the purpose of continuously generating electricity, not all the energy storage components are allowed to release energy at low tide. The total the energy storage components are divided into three groups, A, B, C, and PLC controls according to program, to open the solenoid clutch  18  for rod and release the ratchet rod  16 , thereby each energy storage component descends from the highest position under gravity. Chain  12  drives the outer ring  13  and the spindle  15  to rotate in the same direction, such that the spindle  15  transfers the torque to speed reducers and generator sets. Each group releases energy in the following way:   
               group A: the solenoid clutches for rod  11 ,  17 ,  18  are all opened, and releases the ratchet rod  10 ,  16  in such a manner that each energy storage component in group A falls in different time to release energy;   group B: the solenoid clutch  18  is closed and grips the ratchet rod  16 ;   group C: the solenoid clutch  18  is closed and grips the ratchet rod  16 ;   {circle around (4)} the position of the energy storage components, as shown in  FIG. 9   c;      each group of energy storage component moves and releases energy in the following way:   group A: at low tide, each energy storage component in group A falls in different time to release energy. Upon the low tide is over, all of them have reached the lowest point from the highest position 2H, with the process of releasing energy finished, and the spindle driven to rotate to generate;   group B and C: at low tide, they keep at the highest position, and during rising tide—high side—falling side, they work in turn, in such a manner to ensure that at each stage there are always some energy storage components releasing energy, so as to drive the spindle to generate electricity continuously.   {circle around (5)} the state of the ratchet wheels:
               group A: when energy storage components thereof descend, the chain  12  drives the outer ring  13  and the spindle  15  to rotate in the same direction, such that the torque of the outer ring  13 , through the ratchet wheels  13 ,  14 , is transferred to inner ring  14 , thus driving the spindle  15  to rotate.   group B and C keep at the highest position, and their corresponding ratchet wheels do not rotate:   
               {circle around (6)} the state of the spindle  15 : the spindle  15  is driven by the energy storage components of group A to rotate clockwise, thus the speed reducer is driven so as to bring the generator to work to generate electricity.   
           6) at the stage of second rising tide, as shown in  FIG. 9   b:  
           {circle around (1)} the sea level: the sea level rises gradually from the level at low tide to that at high tide;   {circle around (2)} the position of the buoy and the state of the upper and lower valves: the buoy rises to the position at high tide under buoyancy, with air filled; the intake and exhaust valve  2  and the intake and exhaust valve  21  are both closed.   {circle around (3)} the state of the solenoid clutches and the ratchet rods:
               group A: the solenoid clutch  11  keeps closed and grips the ratchet rod  10 ;
                   after arriving at the position at high tide, the solenoid clutch  11  is opened and releases the ratchet rod  10 , while the solenoid clutch for rod  17  is closed and grips the ratchet rod  16 ;   
                   group B: the solenoid clutch for rod  18  is opened, and releases the ratchet rod  16  so as to descend the energy storage components of group B;   group C: the solenoid clutch for rod  18  is closed, and grips the ratchet rod  16  so as to keep the energy storage component of group C at the highest position;   
               {circle around (4)} the position of the energy storage components:
               group A: the solenoid clutch  11  on the buoy bracket  7  grips the ratchet rod  10 , and draws all the “energy storage components” of group A to rise gradually to the position at high tide and a second cycle of energy storage begins;   group B: at rising tide, group B descends from the highest position, and drives the spindle to work;   group C: keep the energy storage component of group C at the highest position;   
               {circle around (5)} the state of the ratchet wheels:
               group A: the energy storage components rises, chain  12  drives the outer ring  13  of the ratchet wheel to rotate reversely to the spindle  15 , and due to the unidirectional transmission between the ratchet wheels  13  and  14 , the spindle  15  is not affected.   group B: the energy storage components falls, and drives the outer ring  13  of the ratchet wheel and the spindle  15  to rotate in the same direction, and the torque is transferred to the spindle  15 ;   group C: the energy storage components keep still, and the ratchet wheels do not rotate;   
               {circle around (6)} the state of the spindle  15 : the spindle  15 , driven by the energy storage components in group B, rotates anticlockwise, and drives speed reducers to operate on generators for generating electricity.   
           7) at the stage of second high tide, still as shown in  FIG. 9   d  
           {circle around (1)} the sea level: the sea level remains at the position at high tide;   {circle around (2)} the position of the buoy and the state of the upper and lower valves: the buoy  3  remains at the position at high tide, and the electromagnetic control system is actuated to open the intake and drainage valve  2  and the intake and exhaust valve  21 , seawater filling the buoy at high tide, and after that, the electromagnetic control system is actuated to shut the intake and drainage valve  2  and the intake and exhaust valve  21  and the buoy  3  becomes “a water-filled pontoon”, and descends under gravity.   {circle around (3)} the state of the solenoid clutches and the ratchet rods:
               group A: the solenoid clutch  11  is opened and releases the ratchet rod  10 ;
                   the solenoid clutch for rod  17  is closed and grips the ratchet rod  16 ;   the solenoid clutch for rod  18  is opened, and the ratchet rod  16  can slide therein.   
                   group B: the solenoid clutches  11 ,  17 ,  18  are all opened, and the ratchet rod  10  and the ratchet rod  16  slide, thus the energy storage components descending.   group C: the solenoid clutch  18  is closed and grips the ratchet rod  16 , thus the energy storage components remain at its position.   
               {circle around (4)} the position of the energy storage components:
               group A: the energy storage components assume the position at high tide;   group B: the energy storage components descends;   group C: the energy storage components remain at the highest position.   
               {circle around (5)} the state of the ratchet wheels:
               group A: the ratchet wheels do not move;   group B: the outer rings of the ratchet wheels move along the same direction, and drive the spindle to move;   group C: the ratchet wheels do not move;   
               {circle around (6)} the state of the spindle: the spindle, driven by the energy storage components of group B, rotate clockwise to drive generators to generate electricity;   
           8) at the stage of second falling tide, referring to  FIGS. 9   d  and  9   e:  
           {circle around (1)} the sea level: the sea level descends from the position at high tide to that at low tide;   {circle around (2)} the position of the buoy and the state of the upper and lower valves: the buoy  3  descends from the position at high tide, and when the intake and drainage valve  2  assumes the position which is 0.2 m away from the sea level, the solenoid clutches for rod  17 , 18  are controlled to stop the buoy  3  from descending. The electromagnetic control system is actuated to open the intake and drainage valve  2  and the intake and exhaust valve  21 , such that seawater is discharged in free fall (as shown in  FIG. 9 ); and after the seawater is drained, the intake and drainage valve  2  and the intake and exhaust valve  21  are shut and the buoy  3  restores a “hermetic empty pontoon”, then the buoy goes into the seawater gradually by the weight of the energy storage components and itself and returns to the position at initial stage.   {circle around (3)} the state of the solenoid clutches and the ratchet rods:
               group A: the solenoid clutch  11  is opened and releases the ratchet rod  10 ; when tide begins to fall, the solenoid clutch for rod  17  is closed and grips the ratchet rod  16  such that the ratchet rod  16  draws the energy storage components to ascend with the falling of the buoy  3 ; when the buoy  3  falls 0.2 m close to the surface of low tide, the clutch  17  is closed and grips the tie rod  16  and at the same time the clutch  18  on the platform is closed and grips the tie rod  16  as well, so as to keep the buoy at that position.   group B: the solenoid clutches for rod  11 ,  17 ,  18  are all opened, such that the ratchet rods  10 , 16  may slide, and the energy storage components descend to the lowest position.   group C: the solenoid clutches for rod  18  is closed and grips the ratchet rod  16 , such that the energy storage components do not descend.   
               {circle around (4)} the position of the energy storage components:
               group A: energy storage components are drew by the ratchet rod  16  and chain  12  and go on elevating from the position at high tide to the highest position 2H. Upon that the energy storage components reach the highest position, the solenoid clutch for rod  18  is closed and grips the tie rod  16 , and keeps the components at the highest position;   group B: the solenoid clutches for rod  11 ,  17 ,  18  are all opened, such that the ratchet rods  10 , 16  may slide, and the energy storage components descend gradually to the lowest position.   group C: the solenoid clutches for rod  18  is closed and grips the ratchet rod  16 , such that the energy storage components do not descend.   
               {circle around (5)} the state of the ratchet wheels:
               group A: the outer rings of the ratchet wheels rotate along the reverse direction with that of the spindle, and thus do not drive the spindle;   group B: the outer rings  13  of the ratchet wheels rotate along the same direction with that of the spindle, and thus to drive the spindle  15 ;   group C: the outer rings  13  of the ratchet wheels do not rotate.   
               {circle around (6)} the state of the spindle: the spindle, driven by the energy storage components in group B, rotates clockwise so as to drive generators to generate electricity;   
           9) at the stage of third low tide, as shown in  FIG. 9   e:  
           {circle around (1)} the sea level: the sea level is at low tide;   {circle around (2)} the position of the buoy  3  and the state of the upper and lower valves: the buoy is in seawater under pressure from the energy storage components, air-filled and with its upper surface just above the seawater, and assumes a state of “hermetic empty pontoon”; the intake and drainage valve  2  and the intake and exhaust valve  21  are both closed.   {circle around (3)} the state of the solenoid clutches and the ratchet rods:
               group A: the solenoid clutches for rod  11 ,  17 ,  18  are all opened, and releases the ratchet rod  10 ,  16 , in such a manner that each energy storage component in group A falls in different time to release energy;   group B: the solenoid clutch for rod  11  is closed and grips the ratchet rod  10 ;   group C: the solenoid clutch for rod  18  is closed and grips the ratchet rod  16 ;   
               {circle around (4)} the position of the energy storage components;
               group A: at low tide, each energy storage component in group A falls in different time to release energy. Upon the low tide is over, all of them have reached the lowest point from the highest position 2H, with the process of releasing energy finished, and the spindle driven to rotate to generate.   group B: energy storage components thereof descends to the lowest position;   group C: energy storage components thereof keeps at the highest position.   
               {circle around (5)} the state of the ratchet wheels:
               group A: when energy storage components thereof descend, the chain drives the outer ring rotate with the spindle along the same direction, such that the torque of the outer ring, via the ratchet wheels, is transferred to inner ring, thus driving the spindle to rotate.   group B: energy storage components thereof reach the lowest position, and the ratchet wheels do not rotate;   group C: energy storage components thereof keep at the highest position, and their corresponding ratchet wheels do not rotate:   
               {circle around (6)} the state of the spindle: the spindle is driven by the energy storage components of group A to rotate clockwise, thus driving a speed reducer, and in turn the speed reducer drives the generator to generate electricity.   
           10) at the stage of third rising tide, as shown in  FIG. 9   f:  
           {circle around (1)} the sea level: the sea level rises gradually from the level at low tide to that at high tide;   {circle around (2)} the position of the buoy and the state of the upper and lower valves: the buoy rises to the position at high tide under buoyancy, with air filled; the intake and exhaust valve  2  and the intake and exhaust valve  21  are both closed.   {circle around (3)} the state of the solenoid clutches and the ratchet rods:
               group A, group B: the solenoid clutch  11  keeps closed and grips the ratchet rod  10 ; after arriving at the position at high tide, the solenoid clutch  11  is opened and releases the ratchet rod  10 , while the solenoid clutch for rod  17  is closed and grips the ratchet rod  16 ;   group C: the solenoid clutch for rod  11 , 17 , 18  is opened, and release the ratchet rod  16 , the energy storage component descending from the highest position;   
               {circle around (4)} the position of the energy storage components:
               group A, group B: the solenoid clutch  11  on the buoy bracket grips the ratchet rod  10 , and draws all the “energy storage components” to rise gradually to the position at high tide and a third cycle of energy storage begins;   group C: energy storage components thereof descend from the highest position;   
               {circle around (5)} the state of the ratchet wheels:
               group A, group B: the energy storage components rises, and the chain drives the outer ring of the ratchet wheel rotate reversely to the spindle, and due to the unidirectional transmission between the ratchet wheels  13  and  14 , the spindle  15  is not affected.   group C: the energy storage components fall, and the ratchet wheel rotate in forward direction;   
               {circle around (6)} the state of the spindle: the spindle, driven by the energy storage components in group C, rotates clockwise, and drives speed reducers to operate on generators for generating electricity.   
           11) at the stage of third high tide, as shown in  FIG. 9   f.  
           {circle around (1)} the sea level: the sea level remains at the position at high tide;   {circle around (2)} the position of the buoy and the state of the upper and lower valves: the buoy remains at the position at high tide, and the electromagnetic control system is actuated to open the intake and drainage valve  2  and the intake and exhaust valve  21 , seawater filling the buoy at high tide, and after that, the electromagnetic control system is actuated to shut the intake and drainage valve  2  and the intake and exhaust valve  21 , and the buoy  3  becomes “a water-filled pontoon”, and descends under gravity.   {circle around (3)} the state of the solenoid clutches and the ratchet rods:
               group A, group B: the solenoid clutch  11  is opened and releases the ratchet rod  10 ; the solenoid clutch for rod  17  is closed and grips the ratchet rod  16 ;   the solenoid clutch for rod  18  is opened, and the ratchet rod  16  can slide therein.   group C: the solenoid clutches  11 ,  17 ,  18  are all opened, and release the ratchet rod  10  and the ratchet rod  16 , thus the energy storage components descending from the highest position.   
               {circle around (4)} the position of the energy storage components:
               group A, group B: the energy storage components assume the position at high tide;   group C: the energy storage components thereof descends from the highest position;   
               {circle around (5)} the state of the ratchet wheels:
               group A, group B: the energy storage components rises, and the chain drives the outer ring  13  of the ratchet wheel rotate reversely to the spindle, and due to the unidirectional transmission between the ratchet wheels  13  and  14 , the spindle is not affected.   group C: the energy storage components falls, and the ratchet wheels rotate clockwise;   
               {circle around (6)} the state of the spindle: the spindle, driven by the energy storage components of group C, rotates anticlockwise to drive generators to generate electricity;   
           12) at the stage of third falling tide, referring to  FIGS. 9   f  and  9   g:  
           {circle around (1)} the sea level: the sea level descends from the position at high tide to that at low tide;   {circle around (2)} the position of the buoy and the state of the upper and lower valves: the buoy descends from the position at high tide, and when the intake and drainage valve  2  assumes the position which is 0.2 m away from the sea level, the solenoid clutches for rod B,C are controlled to stop the buoy  3  from descending. The electromagnetic control system is actuated to open the intake and drainage valve  2  and the intake and exhaust valve  21 , such that seawater is discharged in free fall (as shown in  FIG. 9   b ); and after the seawater is drained, the intake and drainage valve  2  and the intake and exhaust valve  21  are shut and the buoy  3  restores a “hermetic empty pontoon”, then the buoy goes into the seawater gradually under the weight of the energy storage components and itself and returns to the position at initial stage.   {circle around (3)} the state of the solenoid clutches and the ratchet rods:
               group A, group B: the solenoid clutch  11  is opened and releases the ratchet rod  10 , when tide begins to fall, the solenoid clutch for rod  17  is closed and grips the ratchet rod  16  such that the ratchet rod  16  draws the energy storage components to ascend with the falling of the buoy; when the buoy  3  falls 0.2 m close to the surface of low tide, the clutch  17  is closed and grips the tie rod  16  and at the same time the clutch  18  on the platform is closed and grips the tie rod  16  as well, so as to keep the buoy at that position.   group C: the solenoid clutches for rod  11 ,  17 ,  18  are all opened and release the ratchet rods  10 , 16 , thus the energy storage components descending.   
               {circle around (4)} the position of the energy storage components:
               group A, group B: energy storage components reach the highest position 2H.   group C: the energy storage components descend.   
               {circle around (5)} the state of the ratchet wheels:
               group A, group B: the energy storage components rises, the chain drives the outer ring of the ratchet wheel rotate reversely to the spindle, and due to the unidirectional transmission between the ratchet wheels  13  and  14 , the spindle is not affected.   group C: the energy storage components falls, and the ratchet wheels rotate in forward direction.   
               {circle around (6)} the state of the spindle: the spindle, driven by the energy storage components in group C, rotates anticlockwise so as to drive generators to generate electricity.   
           13) at the stage of fourth low tide, as shown in  FIG. 9   h.  
           From this stage, the movement of the first cycle is repeated, and the groups of energy storage components, under the effect of tide, ascend and descend continuously in different time according to the above procedures, converting tidal energy into mechanical energy of the energy storage components, which drives the spindle to rotate continuously, thus generating electricity uninterruptedly.   In different cycles, there is difference only in the way of the relative movements between the energy storage components of the group B and group C.   
               
 
         [0273]      FIG. 10  to  FIG. 12  shows the sixth embodiment of the present invention, which is a system unit  500 . The power generation system with tide buoyancy and gravity ratio energy storage may be configured by at least one system unit  500 . The sixth embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that the energy storage components  8  and the ratchet rod  10  is connected flexibly through the rope  9  which is lengthened for meeting the need in cluster applications. Furthermore, the energy storage components  8  is placed in a position away from the platform  5 , on which the transmission spindle  15  and the inner ring  14   a  of the ratchet wheel remains, or spindle  15  and inner ring  14   a  of ratchet wheel may be replaced with fixed pulleys, and the transmission spindle  15 , the outer ring  13  and the inner ring  14  of the ratchet wheels in the first embodiment are moved on the land  26  away from the platform  5 , and are supported by the bracket  20   a , and all the operation of the whole device keeps identical. The meaning of the embodiment is that: the torques generated by multiple energy storage components  8  can be conveniently converged into one spindle  15 , thus the superposition of the collected torque and energy is realized, which addresses the key problem existing in the industrialization of tidal energy. Apparently, the energy storage components of the embodiment depicted in the  FIGS. 10-12  may be the ones which store energy by groups and release energy storage by groups mentioned in the fifth embodiment. 
         [0274]      FIG. 13  shows the seventh embodiment of the present invention, which is presented as a system unit  600 . The power generation system with tide buoyancy and gravity ratio energy storage may be configured by at least one of system unit  600 . This embodiment is different from the sixth embodiment in that there is provided with a pit  261  on the land  26  below energy storage components  8 , which may result in reduction of the height of the bracket  20   a  which supports the ratchet wheels  13 ,  14  and the spindle  15 . 
         [0275]      FIG. 14  shows the eighth embodiment of the present invention, which is a cluster combining a plurality of system units  500  in the sixth embodiment or  600  in the seventh embodiment. As shown in  FIG. 14 , above the sea surface  22  is provided with a plurality of system units  500  or  600 , which suspend the energy storage components  8  on the same transmission spindle  15  by the rope  9  travelling over the coastline  25  and directed through the pulley sets  23 . The transmission spindle  15  is provided on the land  26 , and is supported by the bearing  152 . Each rope  9  has corresponding ratchet wheels  13 ,  14 . The energy storage components  8  may drive the spindle  15  to rotate on the aforementioned principles, especially, on the principles according to the fifth embodiment. The spindle  15  drives the transmission mechanism  151  (for instance, a belt transmission mechanism  151 , but not limited to it), which mechanism drives the speed increaser  27 , which in turn, outputs the dynamic force to a uniform speed flywheel  28 , and the uniform speed flywheel  28  drives the generation module  29  to generating electricity. 
         [0276]    In the aforementioned embodiments, via the descending of the energy storage component  8 , the spindle  15  is driven to rotate, but with too low speed, therefore improper to drive generators directly. A speed increaser  27  is needed to improve the speed, which can be a pin-cycloidal gear planetary speeding gear box which has a wide speed range (if it is of two-stage, the transmission ratio thereof may be 1:121˜7569), works efficiently (above 90%), and can increase the rotation speed effectively to above 350 n/min, which is suitable to drive generator. In the aforementioned embodiments, at the output end of the speed increaser is mounted with a uniform speed flywheel  28  which prestores 1˜2 cycles of tidal energy, in order to keep the speed of the generator stable when the energy storage components operate alternatively and external load varies. 
         [0277]      FIG. 15  shows the ninth embodiment which forms a three-dimensional energy integrated utilization field with tide, wind force, and solar energy. 
         [0278]    Traditional methods of solar power generation and wind power generation, when applied to large-scale construction, have two disadvantages, which result in large scale of investigation for power plants, and very high cost of power generation, affecting the development of the solar and wind power generation: 
         [0279]    1. both a wind farm and a solar power plant need to occupy a large area of land, which not only increases the cost of construction and management, but also, from the perspective of resource utilization, produces great waste of land resource. 
         [0280]    2. both wind and solar power generation need a large quantity of battery groups and inverters to ensure the continuous generation and the quality of power, which not only increases the cost of power generation, but also brings secondary pollution from chemicals produced during the long-period operation and maintenance of batteries. 
         [0281]    As shown in  FIG. 15 , a three-dimensional energy integrated utilization field with tide, wind force, and the sun, includes a power generation system with tide buoyancy and gravity ratio energy storage which comprises of a plurality of (three shown in the drawing) system units  500  or  600  and a seawater desalination system with tide buoyancy and gravity  200 . On each offshore platform of system units  500 , 600 , 200 , there are provided with solar heaters  91  and wind driven generators  90 , in which the solar heaters  91  constitute a solar heater cluster while the wind driven generators  90  constitute a wind driven generator cluster. A plurality of energy storage components in the system units  500  or  600  constitute an energy storage component cluster  92 , which stores tidal energy in the accordance with the way in the aforementioned embodiments. The energy storage component cluster  92  with stored tidal energy drives the same transmission spindle  93 , and at the same time, the energy storage component of the seawater desalination system  200  drives the spindle  93  as well. The spindle  93 , supported by a bearing block  93   a , on the one hand, drives a speed increaser box  95  by a transmission mechanism  94   a , the speed increaser box  95  driving the uniform speed flywheel  96 , which in turn, drives generator sets  97  to generate electricity; on the other hand, the spindle  93  drives the vacuum pump  95   b  by a transmission mechanism  94   b , the vacuum pump  95   b  sucking air from the seawater evaporation tower  82  such that negative pressure is formed in the seawater evaporation tower  82 , and thus the seawater heated by the solar water heater  91  is delivered to the seawater evaporation tower  82  through pipelines, and subsequently, evaporates quickly under negative pressure, to form low-pressure steam, which is sucked by vacuum pump  95   b . The low-pressure steam is pressurized in the vacuum pump  95   b  to form high-pressure steam, and the high-pressure steam is delivered outward the steam pressure tank  98  which connects the output end of the vacuum pump  95   b  with pipelines. The steam pressure tank  98  is configured with electric heaters  81 , the electrical power of which is provided by that generated from the wind driven generators  90 , and electric heaters  81  further heats the high-pressure steam in the steam pressure tank  98 . The output end of the steam pressure tank  98  connects the steam turbine  99  with pipelines, and the output high-pressure steam drives the turbine  99  to rotate. The power output shaft of steam turbine  99  connects with the uniform speed flywheel  96   b , which drives the generator sets  97   b . After driving the turbine, the steam loses energy and its temperature goes down to condense into fresh water, and the remained gas may be sent to a condenser, and is further processed into fresh water. As shown in the drawing, the high-pressure steam in the turbine  99  is retrieved in the form of fresh water into the fresh water receiver  83  while the brine in the seawater evaporation tower  82  enters the brine receiver  84 . 
         [0282]    As can be seen from  FIG. 15 , the wind driven generators  90  is mounted on the very columns which are built on the offshore platform of the system units, therefore overcoming the problem that the wind power generation systems occupy large area of land. 
         [0283]    Similar to the embodiment shown in  FIG. 5 , in the embodiment in  FIG. 15 , the seawater evaporation tower  82  can be provided with an electrical heater. The electrical heater is powered directly by the wind driven generator  90  and heats the seawater in the evaporation tower, which effectively improves the evaporation rate, and the generating rate of the steam. The steam pressure tank  98  (also referred to as gas storage tank) may also be provided with an electrical heater  81  powered directly by the wind driven generator  90 , which may increase the steam pressure in the gas storage tank so as to drive the turbine  99  to move. Due to that there is no requirement in the quality and continuity of power, it is no need to distribute power through storage batteries and inverters, decreasing significantly the cost of wind power, and improving the utilization efficiency of electrical energy. 
         [0284]    In the embodiment of  FIG. 15 , there is large area on the “offshore platform” of the system units for mounting “solar water heaters”, therefore overcoming the problem that the solar energy collection panels occupy large area of land. The embodiments shown in figures may employ cost-effective “coil-type solar water heaters” to utilize the solar energy to heat directly seawater. The heated seawater is sucked into the evaporation tower under the negative pressure therein. High temperature seawater may improve effectively the evaporation rate and the generating rate of the steam. 
         [0285]    Although the seawater desalination system  200  with tide buoyancy and gravity illustrated in  FIG. 15  is identical or substantially identical with that in  FIG. 5 , the former can be replaced with the seawater desalination system with floating and spreading seawater evaporation tower  40  shown in  FIG. 6  and  FIG. 7 . The seawater desalination system  200  not only desalinates seawater, but also drives turbogenerators to generate electricity. 
         [0286]    Compared with the prior art, “the offshore platform” built above the sea surface shown in the embodiment in  FIG. 15  may serve to support the equipments of the tidal power generation system. But the tidal power generation equipments only cover relatively small area of the platform surface, therefore, the platform surface can be arranged as “a solar collection field”, that is, a place for installing solar power generation devices or solar heating devices or the like; above the platform, there can be arranged as “a wind power collection field”, that is, the space for installing wind driven generation devices and the like; below the platform, there can be arranged as “a tidal energy collection field”, as a result of this, “a three-dimensional space for integrally utilizing energy” is formed. It reduces the cost of tidal power generation system and solves the problems of occupying large area of land and high operation cost existing in wind power and solar power. 
         [0287]    Because of the combination among wind power, solar power, and tidal power, the output way of the wind energy and solar energy changes, that is, there is no need to output the wind electricity separately from the solar electricity, but the electrical energy produced by wind force is utilized directly for heating the seawater in “the seawater evaporation tower” without the use of inverters, and the solar energy is utilized directly for heating seawater by means of electrical heater  98  (for instance, coil pipe heater), and sends the heated water into “the seawater evaporation tower” without the conversion into electrical power. Having been heated by wind power and solar energy, seawater can evaporate in a higher rate and be converted into more steam, which improves the generation capacity of the tidal power generation system. The integral utilization of the three-dimensional energy can reduce significantly the cost of the system in investment and operation, and make it possible to utilize industrially clean renewable natural energy integrally. 
         [0288]    The integral utilization of the three-dimensional energy solves the problem that wind power and solar power must employ huge battery groups and inverters, and produces fresh water and sea salt as well as electricity.