Abstract:
An antenna assembly for a hand-held radio transceiver, examples of which include a cellular telephone and PCS device. A multiple element antenna assembly is utilized to provide improved performance characteristics. The antenna assembly may include a conductive radiation director element and a support member for maintaining the director element in deployed and undeployed orientations. The antenna assembly may be selectively attached to a base portion of an active antenna element of a transceiver or may be pivotally secured to the transceiver.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a con US PCT/US99/00484 Jan. 8, 1999. 
     This application claims the benefit of priority pursuant to 35 U.S.C §119(e)(1) from the provisional patent application filed pursuant to 35 USC §111(b): as Ser. No. 60/082,973 on Apr. 24, 1998. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to an antenna assembly for a hand-held radio device, and more particularly to a parasitic director element used in conjunction with a fed whip or shortened whip-type omnidirectional antenna. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     A need remains for antenna assemblies having characteristics of improved signal strength (gain) and front-to-back ratio, and reduced susceptibility to multipath interference. There have been a number of efforts in the past to provide an antenna for a portable radio communication device for at least the purposes of signal reception and transmission. These efforts usually have involved substantial intrusions into the limited space available to the transceiver electronics or substantial additions to the housing or substantial complexity, any or all of which factors render manufacturability difficult and costly. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     This disclosure relates generally to an antenna assembly for a hand-held radio-frequency transceiver, examples of which include a cellular telephone and PCS device for the 800-900 MHz or 1850-1990 MHz frequency ranges, respectively. A multiple-element antenna assembly is utilized to provide improved performance characteristics, e.g., front-to-back ratio and gain. The antenna assembly may consist of an existing fed whip or shortened whip-type omnidirectional antenna of a typical transceiver and a user-attachable antenna enhancement device. In one embodiment, the antenna enhancement device is an “after-market” director element device which may be secured to an active antenna element (e.g., monopole or whip antenna element) of a typical cellular telephone or PCS device. In another embodiment, the antenna enhancement device may be incorporated into the handset and be transitioned into an operating position during transceiver use. The antenna enhancement device may include a single parasitic director element. During transceiver use, the parasitic director element is maintained a predetermined distance away from the active antenna element by a support member which may be formed of a dielectric material. The dielectric support member may include a securement device to attach the antenna enhancement device relative to the active antenna element. The securement device may include a plurality of differently sized securement rings adapted for use on a variety of transceivers. Several purposes and objects of the disclosed apparatuses are described herein. One object of the present disclosure is to provide an antenna assembly with improved directionality and reduced absorption of radio frequency radiation to a user of a cellular telephone or a PCS device. 
     The present invention includes an antenna assembly designed for use with PCS devices operating in the 1850-1990 MHz frequency range. The antenna assemblies as hereinafter described can also be used for wireless communication devices, such as a cellular telephones, wireless LANs, etc. Both portable and stationary antenna assemblies may utilize aspects of the present invention. The disclosed design technique provides an antenna assembly with improved performance characteristics and physical characteristics, i.e., ruggedness, simplicity, and low cost. 
     The antenna assembly according to the present invention provides a performance-enhancing director element spaced a predetermined distance away from an active antenna element by a support member. In one embodiment, the antenna enhancement device may be disposed upon a distal end of a dielectric support member. In another embodiment, the director element may be fixed in length and may be substantially elongated in form. In yet another embodiment, the antenna director element may be movably attached at the back side of the radio device from the support member. In an alternative embodiment, a pivotal antenna director element may be partially received or concealed within a portion of the back side of the radio device. 
     Additional improvements and benefits of the antenna assembly of the present invention include: 
     Increased signal strength, resulting in extended signal range and fewer dropped calls for a given power consumption rate; 
     Increased battery life for a given output signal level (for battery powered units); 
     Reduced radio frequency radiation incident to the user&#39;s body; 
     Increased in the front-to-back ratio; and 
     Reduced susceptibility to multipath interference. 
     The present invention has several objects. One object is to redistribute the radiation in the vicinity of the transceiver away from the user. Consistent with this object, the present invention alters the near-field radiation pattern surrounding the radio communication device. One benefit of an antenna assembly of the present invention is an attenuation in the radiation directed toward the user (and a concomitant reduction in the amount of radiated energy which is absorbed by a user) with an augmentation in the radiation directed away from the user thereby increasing the effective power of the radio transmission. 
     Another object of the present invention provides a radiation directing device suitable for use on or in conjunction with a variety of transceivers. The antenna enhancement device is positioned in proximity to the active antenna element on the opposite side of the antenna to the user. The materials out of which the antenna enhancement device is made may include dielectric materials, magnetically permeable materials, conductive materials, insulating materials, semiconducting materials, or combinations of these materials. The director element of the antenna enhancement device may include a conductor (which may be a wire form) and a dielectric support arm for supporting and maintaining the conductor element in proper relation to the active antenna element. In particular, polymer materials of construction of the antenna enhancement device may have, in order of preference, a dielectric constant of up to 10, or in the range of 2-3. 
     The antenna enhancement device according to the present invention is designed to be placed in proximity to the active antenna element, or in contact with the active element, or even form an extension of the active element. However, it can be appreciated that the director device does not act as a radiation shield so as to come between the active antenna element and the user. 
     In one embodiment, the present invention may take the form of an improved antenna assembly for a portable radio communication device which includes an elongate active antenna element adapted to be coupled in electrical communication to the radio device for generating a radiation field pattern. An example of such an active antenna element is a monopole or whip antenna element of a typical cellular phone or PCS device. The antenna assembly further includes a radiation director element which is disposed relative the active antenna member by a support member. During radio transmission, at least a portion of the antenna assembly&#39;s radiation field pattern is redirected away from the user by the parasitic director element. The parasitic director element may be an elongate conductive member positioned by the user in a preferred orientation generally parallel to the active antenna element. 
     The radio communication device radiates within a range of wavelengths corresponding to an operational bandwidth. The parasitic director element has a length of less than approximately one-half of a wavelength within the range of operational wavelengths. The parasitic director element may advantageously have a length of approximately 0.36 of a wavelength (0.36λ) for a preselected wavelength within the range of operational wavelengths. In the present invention, the parasitic director element may be a short length of conductive material generally parallel to the active antenna member on a side away from the user. 
     The operation and usefulness of the device of the present invention for redistributing radiation depends on many of the design parameters chosen. The present invention includes a range of shapes, thicknesses, orientations and compositions of possible devices that can be temporarily placed in the proximity of or in contact with the antenna. 
     The above and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention are further disclosed in the following detailed description in conjunction with the drawings. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a cellular telephone hand-set with a director attachment of the present invention; 
     FIG. 2 illustrates a side elevational view of the antenna director element of FIG. 1; 
     FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the antenna director element of FIG. 1; 
     FIG. 4 illustrates a top view of the antenna director element of FIG. 1; 
     FIG. 5 illustrates a front elevational view of the antenna director element of FIG. 1; 
     FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a kit assembly of an antenna director element and plurality of securement structures according to an aspect of the present invention; and 
     FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a cellular telephone hand-set with a second embodiment of a director element of the present invention. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     Referring now to the drawings, where like numerals represent like parts throughout, FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a hand-held PCS device handset  10  and a preferred antenna enhancement device  12  according to the present invention. The handset  10  includes a main body portion  16  and a hinged “flip” or panel portion  18  which in FIG. 1 is depicted in its opened, operational position. Telephone handset  10  includes a front side  20  (nearer to the user) having a speaker  22  and a microphone (not shown) and a rear side  24 . Handset  10  is electrically powered by a battery or battery pack (not shown). Handset  10  includes an elongate active antenna element  26  which may be a whip or monopole antenna As appreciated by those skilled in the art, the active antenna element  26  is operatively coupled to transceiver electronic elements  28 . 
     As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the antenna enhancement device  12  includes an elongate conductive director element  30  and a support member  32 . The antenna enhancement device  12  of FIG. 1 is illustrated in its operational position with the director element  30  substantially parallel to the active antenna element  26  and opposite the front side  20  of the PCS device  10 . The support member  32  can assume a variety of configurations, styles, etc. In the illustrated embodiments of FIGS. 1-6, the support member  32  is maintained relative to the active antenna element  26  by a securement device  34 , which may be a friction-fit ring  36  or similar user-removable device. In illustrated views, the support member  32  is obliquely angled with respect to the director element  30  and includes two opposed ends, a first end  38  proximate the securement device  36  and a second end  40  proximate to the conductive director element  30 . The antenna enhancement device  12  may be an aftermarket device attached or otherwise secured to the PCS device  10  by the user. Alternatively, as illustrated in FIG. 7, the antenna enhancement device  12  may be an integrated structure of the radio device  10 . The antenna enhancement device  12  is illustrated in its preferred operational orientation in FIG. 1 with the support member  32  maintaining the director element  30  parallel to the active antenna element  26  at the rear side  24  of the radio device  10  (away from the user&#39;s head). Support member  32  is secured near the center of the director element  30 . Alternatively, the support member  32  may be secured nearer the lower end of the director element  30 . 
     Referring to FIGS. 1-6, the securement device  34  for securing the support member  32  to the active antenna member  26  is preferably a friction fit “C”—configured clamping means  36 . The antenna enhancement device  12  may thus be selectively removed from the radio device  10  by the user for storage. The clamping means  36  may be a split-ring polymer element  36  which frictionally engages the active antenna element  26  to maintain the director element  30  in its operational position. FIG. 6 illustrates a kit assembly  44  which includes the support arm  32  and director element member  30  and a plurality of differently sized split-ring engaging elements  36 . The kit assembly  44  of FIG. 6 depicts one packaging approach, with the individual elements retained within a foam structure  60 . The split-ring engaging elements  42  are removably coupled to the first end  38  of the support arm  32  to adapt the antenna enhancement device  12  to a variety of differently transceivers  10 . As depicted in FIG. 4, the antenna enhancement device  12  may be pivoted about the active antenna element  26  into an undeployed orientation for compactness when not in use. Alternatively, the antenna enhancement device  12  may be removed and stored when not in use. 
     Referring particularly to FIGS. 2 and 5, the parasitic director element  30  may be a short length of polymer-encapsulated metallic wire. The director element  30  may be a wire having a diameter between 0.015 inch and 0.125 inch. Director element  30  may also be formed as a small, flat conductive member. The director element  30  height, ‘H’, is between 0.35λ and 0.49λ (λ: a wavelength within the operational range of wavelengths). The director element  30  is spaced away from the active antenna element  26  by the support member  32  a distance ‘d’ of between 0.1λ to 0.25λ. Preferably, director element  30  is a wire having a {fraction (1/16)} inch diameter, a height of 0.36λ and a spacing distance ‘d’ of 0.146λ. Director element  30  may be a metal wire and may be formed from an alloy, such as a nickel titanium composite, having “memory” characteristics so that if disturbed, the director element  30  may return to its preferred aligned operational shape. An encapsulating material  46 , such as an elastic rubber, plastic, or other polymer, may encompasses the wire element  30 . Protective end caps  48  are provided at the ends of the director element  30 . 
     The support member  32  and encapsulating material  46  may be integrally formed from a dielectric plastic or plastic-type material having a dielectric constant of between 0 and 10. A further preferred range of dielectric constants for the support member is between 2 and 3. In one preferred embodiment, the support member  32  and protective end caps  48  are injection molded about a mold-inserted polyurethane-encapsulated wire element  30 . 
     Referring now to FIG. 7, another embodiment of the radiation director device  12  is shown. The support arm  32  of the device  12  is pivotally secured to the back side  24  of the radio device  10  and is capable of being pivoted about a pivot structure  50  (from its illustrated undeployed position) into its operational position so that the support arm  32  is substantially perpendicular to the back  24  of the radio device  10 . In this manner, the director element  30  can be positioned into its preferred operational orientation parallel to the active antenna element  26  and opposite the front side  20  and the user. The director element  30  of FIG. 7 may include a telescopically extendible element made of two or more segments. Additionally, the upper segment may be metallic, while the lower segment may be a dielectric material. As illustrated, the radiation director device  12  of FIG. 7 is designed to be partially received into the body of the radio device  10  (i.e., “nest”) in an undeployed orientation. 
     The above described embodiments of the invention are merely descriptive of its principles and are not to be considered limiting. Further modifications of the invention herein disclosed will occur to those skilled in the respective arts and all such modifications are deemed to be within the scope of the invention as defined by the following claims. Examples of such modifications may include, but are not limited to, alterations of the director element, alterations of materials of construction, or inclusion of additional elements.