Abstract:
A solar collector has a distribution and collecting unit having a housing and a distribution channel and a connecting channel arranged in the housing. Collector tubes for heating a fluid medium are connected to the housing. The collector tubes have an adaptor, respectively, with a rotary closure for connecting the collector tubes to the distribution channel and the collecting channel of the housing. The adaptor is rotatably adjustable for aligning the collector tubes relative to the solar radiation in order to improve thermal output of the solar collector.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0001]    1. Field of the Invention  
           [0002]    The invention relates to a solar collector comprising collector tubes for heating a fluid medium, in particular, water, connected to the housing of a distribution and collecting unit.  
           [0003]    2. Description of the Related Art  
           [0004]    The collector tubes, which are in the form of vacuum tubes, of a solar collector of the aforementioned kind described in German patent document 198 21 137 A1 are comprised of: an outer envelope tube of borosilicate glass whose lower mantle half is provided at the inner side of the tube with a reflector coating made of silver; an absorber tube of borosilicate glass arranged within the lower mantle half of the envelope tube and having an absorption layer; and a supply pipe inserted into the absorber tube for supplying the fluid to be heated, in particular, water. The envelope tube is inserted with one end closed off by a lid into a corresponding opening of a distribution and collecting unit made of plastic material and connected thereto by gluing. The other closed end of the envelope tube is seated in a corresponding opening of a base attachment and is connected thereto by gluing. The housing of the distribution and collecting unit is divided by a partition into a distribution channel for the cold liquid and into a collecting channel for the heated liquid. The supply pipe for the cold liquid is inserted into a through bore, arranged in the partition between the distribution channel and the connecting channel and extending into the distribution channel, and is glued to the partition; it passes through the collecting channel of the distribution and collecting unit and extends through the absorber tube into the area of the closed end of the absorber tube. The absorber tube is inserted with its open end into a bore, arranged in the housing wall of the distribution and collecting unit and opening into the collecting channel, and is glued thereto; it projects through an opening of the closure lid of the envelope tube into the envelope tube and extends with its closed end into the area of the closed end of the envelope tube evacuated by means of a socket provided in its closure lid. The liquid to be heated, i.e., the heat energy carrier medium, flows from the distribution channel of the distribution and collecting unit through the supply pipe into the absorber tube, is heated in the absorber tube, and flows into the collecting channel of the distribution and collecting unit.  
           [0005]    The known tube collector can be mounted as a modular system on roofs and walls of buildings. As a function of the mounting conditions and the proposed thermal output, modules with identical and different numbers of tubes can be used and the individual modules of a solar collector device can be sequentially connected in series.  
           [0006]    The significant disadvantage of solar collectors according to German patent document 198 21 137 A1 is to be seen in that the collector modules, as a function of the mounting conditions, can be aligned only to a limited extent relative to the solar radiation for the purpose of obtaining a thermal output as high as possible. Moreover, mounting of the modules is complex because the modules, depending on their size, are correspondingly bulky so that their transport to the location of mounting is cumbersome.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0007]    The invention has the object to develop a solar collector which is characterized by a simple mounting action and whose collector tubes, with respect to the greatest possible heat energy yield, can be adjusted optimally to the solar radiation independent of the respective mounting conditions.  
           [0008]    In accordance with the invention, this object is solved by a solar collector wherein the collector tubes have an adaptor having a rotary closure like a bayonet closure for connecting the tubes to a distribution channel and a collecting channel of the housing of the distribution and collecting unit and further having a rotary adjustability for alignment of the collector tubes relative to the solar radiation.  
           [0009]    The solar collector according to the invention has the following advantages.  
           [0010]    The collector tubes can be connected at the mounting location individually by means of a bayonet closure in a simple way to the housing of the distribution and collecting unit of the solar collector and, with respect to an optimal efficiency of the collector, can be aligned by a rotary adjustment about a certain angular range relative to the solar radiation. Because of the possibility of individual mounting of the collector tubes, the mounting of the solar collector on finished roofs is simple because the individual parts of the solar collectors can be transported by a technician onto the roof and can be assembled there. Moreover, the solar collectors can be provided as a modular system wherein the pre-mounted collector modules for mounting on large-size roof areas, for example, in the case of industrial buildings, can be transported to the mounting location on the roof by means of a lifting device, in particular, by means of a crane.  
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING  
       [0011]    In the drawing:  
         [0012]    [0012]FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a solar collector;  
         [0013]    [0013]FIG. 2 shows a perspective illustration of a detail of a solar collector according to FIG. 1;  
         [0014]    [0014]FIG. 3 a  shows a cross-section of the distribution and collecting unit of the solar collector with a longitudinal section illustration of a connected collector tube;  
         [0015]    [0015]FIG. 3 b  shows the right end of the collector tube as an extension of the cross-sectional view of FIG. 3 a;    
         [0016]    [0016]FIG. 4 a  shows a first stage of mounting the collector tube at the beginning of insertion; and  
         [0017]    [0017]FIG. 4 b  shows the second stage of mounting of the collector tube in the end position of insertion.  
     
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
       [0018]    The solar collector  1  according to FIGS. 1 through 3 is comprised of a distributing and collecting unit  2  as well as a number of collector tubes  3  connected to the distribution and collecting unit  2  for heating a fluid medium such as water.  
         [0019]    The collector tubes  3  have an adaptor  4  made of brass with a rotary closure embodied as a bayonet closure  5  for connecting the tubes to a distribution channel  7  and a collecting channel  8  of the housing  6  made of metal of the distribution and collecting unit  2 . The tubes  3  are supported rotatably in the housing  6  of the distribution and collecting unit  2  for alignment relative to the solar radiation.  
         [0020]    A collector tube  3  is inserted into the outer connector socket  9  of the cylindrical adaptor  4 , is glued to the socket  9  and the solid adaptor body  4   a , and is sealed by means of a sealing ring  10  relative to the socket  9 .  
         [0021]    The collector tube  3  formed as a vacuum tube is comprised of an outer closed envelope tube  11  which is transparent to sunlight and made of borosilicate glass. The tube  11  has a lower tube area  12  provided with a reflector coating  13  applied to the inner side of the tube and comprised of silver. The collector tube  3  further comprises an absorber tube  14  arranged within and parallel to the envelope tube  11  wherein the absorber tube  14  is formed as a unitary part of the envelope tube  11  and is also comprised of borosilicate glass. The exterior of the absorber tube  14  is provided with a selective absorption coating. The collector tube  3  comprises also a supply pipe  15  for the liquid to be heated arranged within and parallel, preferably coaxially, to the absorber tube  14 .  
         [0022]    The envelope tube  11  of the collector tube  3  is evacuated by means of a socket  16 , formed on the tube end  17  facing away from the adaptor  4 , and filled with a noble gas, for example, xenon. By providing a vacuum filled subsequently with a noble gas the reflector coating  13  on the inner side of the envelope tube  11  is protected. The socket  16  of the envelope tube  11  is pinched off or sealed by melting after evacuation and filling of the tube with a noble gas.  
         [0023]    The supply pipe  15  of the collector tube  3  is inserted into a through channel  18  of the adaptor  4  and connected to the distribution channel  7  of the distribution and collecting unit  2 . The through channel  18  of the adaptor  4  has an inner channel section  18   a  into which the inner end  15   a  of the supply pipe  15  is glued and sealed by means of sealing rings  19 . Moreover, it has a central channel section  18   b  which is wider than the inner channel section  18   a  and is connected by means of a branch bore  20  with the collecting channel  8  of the distribution and collecting unit  2 . The through channel  18  also has an outer channel section  18   c  which is wider than the central channel section  18   b.    
         [0024]    A pipe sleeve  21  is inserted into the inner end  14   a  of the absorber tube  14  of the adaptor  4  which extends into the outer channel section  18   c  of the through channel  18  of the adaptor  4 .  
         [0025]    The outer end  15   b  of the supply pipe  15  opens into the outer closed section  22  of the absorber tube  14 .  
         [0026]    The annular channel  23 , which is formed by the absorber tube  14  and the supply pipe  15 , is connected via the annular channel  24 , which is formed by the pipe sleeve  21  and the central section  18   b  of the through channel  18 , on the one hand, and the supply pipe  15 , on the other hand, as well as the branch bore  20  with the collecting channel  8  of the distribution and collecting unit  2  of the solar collector  1 .  
         [0027]    The adaptor  4  penetrates the collecting channel  8  in the housing  6  of the distribution and collecting unit  2  and is rotatably inserted into an opening  26  in the partition  25  between the distribution channel  7  and the collecting channel  8  of the distribution and collecting unit  2  and is sealed by means of a sealing ring  27  relative to the partition  25 .  
         [0028]    The adaptor  4  is inserted with its central section  28  into a corresponding opening  30  in the outer wall  29  of the housing  6  of the distribution and collecting unit  2 . It is sealed relative to the outer wall  29  by means of a sealing ring  31  and is detachably mounted by means of a bayonet closure  5  in the outer wall  29  of the distribution and collecting unit  2  and is rotatable about an angular range of ±45° for alignment of the collector tube  3  relative to the solar radiation.  
         [0029]    At the periphery of the insertion openings  30  for the adaptors  4  with the collector tubes  3 , angle graduations  32  are provided on the outer wall  29  of the housing  6  of the distribution and collecting unit  2  and the adaptors  4  are provided with an indicator in the form of a nose  33  which can be adjusted relative to the angle graduation  32 .  
         [0030]    For the rotary adjustment of the collector pipes  3 , the cylindrical adaptor  4  can have engagement means over a partial area of the outer periphery for engagement by a tool.  
         [0031]    In deviation from the described embodiment of the solar collector  1 , the housing  6  of the distribution and collecting unit  2  and the adaptors  4  can be made of plastic material.  
         [0032]    The rotary closure (bayonet closure)  5  of the adaptor  4  of the collector tubes  3  is formed by a cam  34  formed on the central section  28  of the adaptor  4 . According to FIG. 4, the cam  34  is pushed, upon insertion of the adaptor  4  of a collector tube  3 , in the direction of arrow a into an opening  30  in the outer wall  29  of the housing  6  of the distribution and collecting unit  2  through an opening, not illustrated, of an inwardly projecting annular rim  35  of an annular projection  37  formed on an inner rim  36  of the insertion opening  30  through the annular rim  35  and, upon subsequent rotation of the adaptor  4 , glides together with the collector pipe  3  in the direction of arrow b according to FIG. 4 b  behind the annular rim  35 , wherein, by the clamping action exerted by the sealing rings  27  and  31 , the adaptor  4  with the collector pipe  3  is secured in the housing  6  of the distribution and collecting unit  2  against accidental rotation.  
         [0033]    By rotation of the adaptor  4  in the direction of arrow b, c, the collector tube  3  can be adjusted relative to the solar radiation wherein the adjustment of the collector tube  3  ensures always a tight sealing of the adaptor  4  in the housing wall  29  of the distribution and collecting unit  2  by means of the sealing ring  31  resting against the annular projection  37  of the housing wall  29  which sealing ring  31  is inserted into an annular groove  38  of the adaptor  4 .  
         [0034]    The water to be heated enters the distribution channel  7  of the distribution and collecting unit  2  through an inlet socket  39 , flows in the flow direction indicated in FIGS. 3 a  and  3   b  through the supply pipes  15  into the absorber tubes  14  of the adaptor  4 , is heated therein, flows then into the collecting channel  8  of the distribution and collecting unit  2 , and exits therefrom via the outlet socket  40 .  
         [0035]    The construction of the solar collectors  1  is self-supporting, i.e., a securing frame for the collector tubes  3  is not required.  
         [0036]    While specific embodiments of the invention have been shown and described in detail to illustrate the inventive principles, it will be understood that the invention may be embodied otherwise without departing from such principles.