Abstract:
This invention is a method of predecoding for joint processing coordinated multi-point transmission. The invention identifies for a particular transmission the cooperating point and the transmit antenna. The invention selects a code by reference to a selected one of a super-cell codebook for each combination of cooperating point and transmit antenna and a multi-cell codebook for each transmit antenna regardless of the cooperating point.

Description:
CLAIM OF PRIORITY 
     This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. 119(e)(1) to U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/142,774 filed Jan. 6, 2009. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The technical field of this invention is mobile wireless telephones. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       FIG. 1  shows an exemplary wireless telecommunications network  100 . The illustrative telecommunications network includes base stations  101 ,  102  and  103 , though in operation, a telecommunications network necessarily includes many more base stations. Each of base stations  101 ,  102  and  103  are operable over corresponding coverage areas  104 ,  105  and  106 . Each base station&#39;s coverage area is further divided into cells. In the illustrated network, each base station&#39;s coverage area is divided into three cells. Handset or other user equipment (UE)  109  is shown in Cell A  108 . Cell A  108  is within coverage area  104  of base station  101 . Base station  101  transmits to and receives transmissions from UE  109 . As UE  109  moves out of Cell A  108  and into Cell B  107 , UE  109  may be handed over to base station  102 . Because UE  109  is synchronized with base station  101 , UE  109  can employ non-synchronized random access to initiate handover to base station  102 . 
     Non-synchronized UE  109  also employs non-synchronous random access to request allocation of up link  111  time or frequency or code resources. If UE  109  has data ready for transmission, which may be traffic data, measurements report, tracking area update, UE  109  can transmit a random access signal on up link  111 . The random access signal notifies base station  101  that UE  109  requires up link resources to transmit the UEs data. Base station  101  responds by transmitting to UE  109  via down link  110 , a message containing the parameters of the resources allocated for UE  109  up link transmission along with a possible timing error correction. After receiving the resource allocation and a possible timing advance message transmitted on down link  110  by base station  101 , UE  109  optionally adjusts its transmit timing and transmits the data on up link  111  employing the allotted resources during the prescribed time interval. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention is a method of predecoding for joint processing coordinated multi-point transmission. The invention identifies for a particular transmission the cooperating point and the transmit antenna. The invention selects a code by reference to a selected one of a super-cell codebook for each combination of cooperating point and transmit antenna and a multi-cell codebook for each transmit antenna regardless of the cooperating point. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       These and other aspects of this invention are illustrated in the drawings, in which: 
         FIG. 1  is a diagram of a communication system of the prior art related to this invention having three cells; 
         FIG. 2  illustrates a simulation of the throughput versus the C 1 /C 2  ratio for various parameters with 5 radio bearers; and 
         FIG. 3  illustrates a simulation of the throughput versus the C 1 /C 2  ratio for various parameters with 10 radio bearers. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     For advanced E-UTRA, two categories of downlink coordinated multi-point (DL COMP) transmission are currently under consideration: joint processing; and coordinated beamforming. Joint processing is expected to offer more gain due to its Multimedia Broadcast multicast service Single Frequency Network (MBSFN) like combining gain at the expense of higher degree of coordination. The same set of transport blocks is cooperatively transmitted from multiple points such as eNB with multiple RREs. Different aspects of joint processing ought to be carefully designed to attain the large portion of its potential gain. 
     This patent application concerns precoding and computation of Channel Quality Indicator/Precoding Matrix Indicator/Rank Indicator (CQI/PMI/RI). Assuming baseline codebook-based precoding, the main issue is a choice between a single joint multi-cell codebook and separate codebooks. Such separate codebooks typically are the same across the cooperating cell. This concern is related to whether the CQI/PMI/RI is computed jointly for all the cooperating cells or separately across different cells. 
     This patent application defines a super-cell as an area covered by the transmission of the coordinated multiple points. Such as super-cell comprises N points transmitting in the downlink. Denote the number of transmit antennas associated with the n-th point as N t,n  and the number of receive antennas at UE as N r . Assuming Ñ out of N points are cooperating, the received signal can be expressed as follows: 
                   y   =             [         P   1       ⁢     H   1     ⁢           ⁢   …   ⁢           ⁢       P     N   ~         ⁢     H     N   ~         ]     ⁡     [           W   1               W   2             ⋮             W     N   ~             ]       ⁢   s     +   n     =     HWs   +   n               (   1   )               
where: s is the common L-dimensional data vector transmitted across the Ñ points; W n  is a N t,n ×L precoding matrix applied on the n-th point; H n  is the N r ×N t,n  channel matrix from the n-th transmission point to the UE; and P n  is a power scaling factor. The aggregated matrix W can be treated as a single precoding matrix for the
 
               N   T     =       ∑     n   =   1       N   ~       ⁢     N     t   ,   n               
distributed antennas. From equation (1) the number of transmission layers L:
 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
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     From equation (2), if 
                 N   r     &lt;       ∑     n   =   1       N   ~       ⁢     N     t   ,   n           ,         
then the excess dimensions offer precoding diversity gain. This condition is likely in practice. This precoding diversity gain not only improves the data coverage (cell-edge throughput) but also the average sector throughput.
 
     Also from equation (2), coordinated multi-point transmission does not increase the system peak data rate of any of the cells in the super-cell unless N r &gt;min(N t,n ). An example of such a super-cell is a super-cell composed of multiple single-antenna cells. In this case, the peak data rate may be increased. 
     Two approaches in codebook design are joint design and disjoint design. In joint design a single super-cell codebook is designed considering multiple points. The joint design codebook needs for each combination of Ñ (the number of cooperating points), N t  (the number of transmit antennas assuming the same number across eNBs/RREs), and L (the number of layers). Joint design is expected to offer better performance as the codebook is optimized for each combination of (Ñ, N t , L). 
     In disjoint design the super-cell codebook is formed by concatenating Ñ common single-cell codebooks. Thus W n εΣ where Σ is the single-cell codebook. Disjoint design is simpler since only one single-cell codebook is needed for a given (N t , L) regardless of Ñ. The performance of disjoint design tends to be worse than the joint design because the resulting multi-point codebook is not designed for multi-point transmission. Separate design is essentially a restricted/constrained case of the joint design. 
     This comparison covers the fundamental but intuitive differences between joint and disjoint codebook designs 
     CQI/PMI/RI for COMP can be computed and reported in two manners. In a joint report the UE reports a single CQI/PMI/RI which is computed jointly for all the Ñ cells. In a disjoint report the CQI/PMI/RI is computed separately for each of the Ñ cells. 
     In both cases the CQI/PMI/RI is directly reported only to the serving cell (the master eNB) and distributed to the other (Ñ−1) cells via backhaul. Reporting CQI/PMI/RI only to the serving/master eNB seems to be better from coverage perspective since the reporting accuracy is not limited by the weakest link between the UE and all the transmission points. The difference between the two types of reporting mainly lies within the computation. Table 1 compares these two types of reporting. 
                             TABLE 1                   Joint CQI/PMI/RI   Disjoint CQI/PMI/RI                   Computation   A single set of   For a given cell, the           CQI/PMI/RI represents   signal from other (Ñ − 1)           simultaneous   transmission points are           transmission across Ñ   always treated as           transmission points   interference           (CQI may comprise               multiple values, each               of which represents a               codeword)           Performance   Better in general   Worse in general       Choice of   Semi-static, such as   Slightly more flexible:       super-cell   dedicated RRC signaling   may be made more       size Ñ   or SI-1 via long-term   dynamic or semi-static           channel properties           Modulation   Same MCS across   Allows different MCS       and Coding   multiple transmission   when different       Scheme (MCS)   points associated with   transmission points       flexibility   a given layer   transmit different               layers       UE   Expected to be lower   Expected to be higher       computational   (only one CQI   (multiple CQI       complexity   computation)   computations)                    
Generally joint CQI/PMI/RI computation is more sensitive to non-idealities such as channel estimation error and measurement delay due to the timing references as well as potential backhaul latency for certain backhaul implementation.
 
     As shown in Table 1, disjoint CQI/PMI/RI computation assumes that the signals from the other transmission points are interference rather than desired signal sources. This does not exploit the potential coherent combining MBSFN-like gain. Performance for disjoint CQI/PMI/RI computation is expected to be worse than that of joint CQI/PMI/RI computation. This can be seen from the following alternative form of equation (1): 
                   y   =           (       ∑     n   =   1       N   ~       ⁢         P   n       ⁢     H   n     ⁢     W   n         )     ⁢   s     +   n     =           P   1       ⁢     H   1     ⁢     W   1     ⁢   s     +       (       ∑     n   =   2       N   ~       ⁢         P   n       ⁢     H   n     ⁢     W   n         )     ⁢   s     +   n               (   3   )               
Rather than making use the total effective channel
 
             HW   =       ∑     n   =   1       N   ~       ⁢         P   n       ⁢     H   n     ⁢     W   n               
to decode s, in disjoint CQI/PMI/RI computation the desired signal components from other transmission points are considered interfering and hence suppressed.
 
     There is an exception when different transmission points transmit different sets of spatial layers. In this case there should be no performance difference between the two CQI/PMI/RI computation strategies. 
     The precoding codebook takes the form of block diagonal matrix, possibly with permutation: 
                   W   =       [           W   1               W   2             ⋮             W     N   ~             ]     =       Π     N   T       ⁡     [           V   1         0       …       0           0         V   2         …       0           ⋮       ⋮       ⋱       ⋮           0       0       …         V     N   ~             ]                 (   4   )               
where: Π N      T    is a row and/or column permutation (reordering) of the N T ×N T  identity matrix (out of N T ! possibilities). For example,
 
                   [         1       0       0       0           0       0       1       0           0       1       0       0           0       0       0       1         ]           
is a 4×4 permutation matrix; V n  is the N t,n ×L n  precoding matrix for transmission point n where L n  is the number of layers transmitted by the transmission point n. This design offers additional flexibility since it performs the same under joint and disjoint CQI/PMI/RI report.
 
     Denoting the signal vector transmitted from transmission point n as s n  and using the precoding matrix structure given in equation (4), the received signal in equation (3) can be rewritten as equation (5). 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
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     It is apparent from equation (5) that the signal components from other transmission points are interference sources which should be suppressed upon decoding the signal from a given transmission point. This holds regardless whether the CQI/PMI/RI is computed and reported jointly or disjointly. Hence, the signal from each transmission point is decoded one at a time. While this appears to contradict the idea behind COMP, the precoding matrix in equation (4) offers an alternative to transmitting identical signal vector across different transmission points when L≦min(N t,n ) occurs for the COMP system. As an example, when (Ñ,N t,n ,N r ,L)=(2,2,2,2), two alternative structures for W are: 
                           Π   4     ⁡     [           V   1         0           0         V   2           ]       =       Π   4     ⁡     [             V   1     ⁡     (   0   )           0               V   1     ⁡     (   1   )           0           0           V   2     ⁡     (   0   )               0           V   2     ⁡     (   1   )             ]         ,   and     ⁢     
             Structure   ⁢           ⁢   1                 [           W   1               W   2           ]     =       [             W   1     ⁡     (     0   ,   0     )               W   1     ⁡     (     0   ,   1     )                   W   1     ⁡     (     1   ,   0     )               W   1     ⁡     (     1   ,   1     )                   W   2     ⁡     (     0   ,   0     )               W   2     ⁡     (     0   ,   1     )                   W   2     ⁡     (     1   ,   0     )               W   2     ⁡     (     1   ,   1     )             ]     .             Structure   ⁢           ⁢   2               
It is also possible to incorporate both structures in the codebook design.
 
     The two alternative precoder structures can be constructed from the Rel-8 2 transmit (2Tx) codebook. The same applies for any value of Ñ. For structure  1  V n  is taken from the 1-layer 2Tx codebook 
               {         1     2       ⁡     [         1           1         ]       ,       1     2       ⁡     [         1             -   1           ]       ,       1     2       ⁡     [         1           j         ]       ,       1     2       ⁡     [         1             -   j           ]         }     .         
For structure  2  W n  is taken from the 2-layer 2Tx codebook
 
     
       
         
           
             
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     While designing a codebook to accommodate both CQI/PMI/RI reporting strategies seems attractive, it may be better to first decide the CQI/PMI/RI joint, disjoint, or both reporting strategy for COMP. 
     The two different codebook structures describe above are compared via a link-level throughput simulation performed with two transmission points. The resulting codebooks are: 
                     CB   ⁢           ⁢   1   ⁢     (     without   ⁢           ⁢   permutation     )     ⁢       :     ⁢           [           V   1         0           0         V   2           ]     ⁢           ⁢   where     ⁢           ⁢     
     ⁢         V   n     ∈           ⁢     {           ⁢         1     2       ⁡     [         1           1         ]       ,       1     2       ⁡     [         1             -   1           ]       ,       1     2       ⁡     [         1           j         ]       ,       1     2       ⁡     [         1             -   j           ]         }       ;           ⁢   and     ⁢          ⁢     CB   ⁢           ⁢   2   ⁢       :     ⁢           [           W   1               W   2           ]     ⁢           ⁢   where     ⁢           ⁢     
     ⁢       W   n     ∈       {         1   2     ⁡     [         1       1           1         -   1           ]       ,       1   2     ⁡     [         1       1           j         -   j           ]         }     .                               
The ratio of the transmitted power between the serving point  1  and the secondary point  2  is denoted as C 1 /C 2 . The residual inter-cell interference is assumed to be −10 dB relative to the transmitted power of the serving point. Table 2 lists other the simulation assumptions.
 
                             TABLE 2                   Parameter   Explanation/Assumption                       Bandwidth   5 MHz           Antennas Configurations   2 × 2           2 × 2 Receiver   LMMSE           Fading model   3 Kmph TU-6 delay profile           Spatial channel model   Transmit and Receive                correlation = 0.1,           BLER target for 1 st     10%           transmission               MCS Set   28-level MCS with QPSK,               16QAM, and 64QAM           Allocated RBs   5, 10           HARQ scheme   Chase Combining           Max number of   3 (total of 4           retransmissions   transmissions)           Number of HARQ processes   8           Sampling frequency   7.68 MHz           FFT size   512           Number of occupied sub-   300           carriers               Number of OFDMA symbols per   14           TTI               Number of sub-carriers per   12           RB               Overhead   25%           Processing delay   4 ms           Channel estimation   Ideal                    
The case without COMP is simulated as a reference. Joint CQI/PMI/RI reporting is assumed.
 
       FIG. 2  illustrates the throughput versus the C 1 /C 2  ratio for various combinations of coordinated multi-point (COMP) or non-COMP, and codebook  1  (CB 1 ) or codebook  2  (CB 2 ) for two transmission points and 5 radio bearers (RB) in the simulation.  FIG. 3  similarly illustrates the throughput versus the C 1 /C 2  ratio for various combinations of coordinated multi-point (COMP) or non-COMP, and codebook  1  (CB 1 ) or codebook  2  (CB 2 ) for two transmission points and 10 radio bearers (RB) in the simulation. 
     With COMP, CB 1  outperforms CB 2 . This may not be surprising since CB 1  has of size 16 while CB 2  is 4. Note that CB 1  and CB 2  are simply extensions of the current Rel-8 2Tx codebook. It is possible to design the codebook without such constraints. The difference is larger for smaller RB allocation as expected. 
     Without COMP, the two codebooks do not exhibit any visible difference in performance. 
     Note that the gain of 2-point COMP (shown in  FIG. 1 ) does not represent the overall system-level gain of COMP due to the absence of scheduling across UEs.