Abstract:
A method and apparatus for adjusting font size in an electronic program guide display are provided. A multiple channel broadcasting system generates an electronic program guide identifying channels and corresponding programs in a broadcasting system. The broadcast system determines a number of characters to be displayed in an area of an electronic program guide. The broadcast system determines a number of display pixels available for display of the characters. The broadcast system adjusts the font size of the characters to display the number of characters within the number of pixels available.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to the presentation of channel, program, and broadcast information for a multiple channel television broadcast system. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Television broadcasting technology has improved tremendously since its inception. Today, television signals are broadcast on the airwaves, through cables, and via satellite. The number of stations accessible today has increased to hundreds of stations. To select a program to view, many viewers simply “channel surf” until they find a channel that has a desirable program. Channel surfing refers to the process of using the channel “+” or “−” key to sequentially view each channel. Although some viewers find channel surfing among hundreds of stations enjoyable, most viewers prefer a more direct method for selecting a program to view. Therefore, a number of broadcast systems and receivers provide electronic program guides (EPGs) for a viewer access. 
     Some systems switch between displays of an EPG or a broadcast of a program. Other systems use decimation techniques to provide a reduced-sized broadcast image which is displayed concurrently with an EPG. However, current systems do not provide a visible link between different types of program guides. Thus a viewer may get lost switching between programs and EPGs. Thus it is desirable to provide a way to visually connect the current program to the EPG displaying an entry of the current program. 
     Furthermore, typical systems provide for an EPG of a single format. If multiple formats are provided, each format is represented by a separate screen displays. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     A method and apparatus for visually connecting a displayed program and an electronic program guide (EPG). In one embodiment, the apparatus includes a first receiver that receives image signals such as those received from a broadcast network. A tuner selects images or a channel broadcast to display. A second receiver receives control signals, such as those generated by a user using a remote control device. When a control signal is received indicating that the user wishes to view a program guide, a controller performs a zoom from the broadcast displayed to the electronic program guide. Once the zoom is complete, the broadcast is alpha-blended behind the program guide. This innovative process of zooming between a broadcast and the program guide provides the user a visual link between the two such that user does not get lost or confused in the transition. 
     In an alternate embodiment, multiple levels of detail of program guide information is selectable by the user. A zoom function is provided that enables the use to zoom in or zoom out. In response the apparatus performs an program guide zoom function in which the level of detail of the program guide is expanded or compressed. In one embodiment, at a determined point in the zoom, a certain level of detail is changed by fading in/out the new representation/old representation. For example, when going from a first level of detail containing station logos, to a second level of detail, the logos are replaced by the alphabetic abbreviation for the station network, by fading out the logos and fading in the abbreviation. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     The objects, features, and advantages of the present invention will be apparent to one skilled in the art from the following detailed description in which: 
     FIG. 1 is a simple illustration of one embodiment of the present invention. 
     FIG. 2 is a block diagram representation of the elements utilized in the receiver of the television signals. 
     FIG. 3 is a representation of a remote control utilized to tune television stations in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. 
     FIG. 4 illustrates the type of data utilized to present the electronic program guide in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. 
     FIG. 5 is a flow diagram illustrating one embodiment of a process for transitioning between a broadcast and a program guide in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. 
     FIG. 6 is a flow diagram illustrating one embodiment of a process for transition between a program guide and a broadcast in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. 
     FIGS. 7 a  and  7   b  illustrate the transitional display in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. 
     FIG. 8 illustrates a broadcast to program guide transition in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. 
     FIG. 9 is a flow diagram illustrating one embodiment of a process for changing the level of detail in a program guide. 
     FIG. 10 is an example of a transition of a portion of the program guide to a different level of detail in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. 
     FIG. 11 illustrates the display of an electronic program guide at one level of detail in one embodiment of the present invention. 
     FIG. 12 illustrates the display of an electronic program guide at a second level of detail in one embodiment of the present invention. 
     FIG. 13 illustrates the display of an electronic program guide at a third level of detail in one embodiment of the present invention. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     In the method and apparatus of the present invention the broadcast system described is a direct broadcast satellite system. However, it is readily apparent to one skilled in the art that other broadcast systems and formats including digital televisions, high definition televisions and video systems and computer systems, which have the capability of processing broadcast or image signals, may utilize the method and apparatus of the present invention. Furthermore, in the following description, for purposes of explanation, numerous details are set forth, such as menus, flowcharts and system configurations, in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that these specific details are not required in order to practice the present invention. In other instances, well known electrical structures and circuits are shown in block diagram form in order not to unnecessarily obscure the present invention. 
     FIG. 1 is a simplified diagram illustrating a Direct Satellite System (DSS). The system has an antenna  3 , an integrated receiver/decoder  2  (IRD), a remote controller  5 , and a monitor  4 . Packets of data are transmitted by a transponder on the satellite. Each transponder transmits data in a time share manner at a predetermined frequency. A tuner  21  of a decoder is tuned in to the frequency of the transponder corresponding to a channel, which is designated by a viewer so that the packets of digital data are received by the decoder. 
     The antenna  3  receives an encoded data signal sent from a satellite. The received encoded signal is decoded by the IRD. The antenna  3  has a low noise block down converter  3   a  (LNB). The LNB  3   a  converts a frequency of a signal sent from the satellite to another frequency. The converted signal is supplied to the IRD  3 . The monitor  4  receives a signal from the IRD  3 . 
     FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the IRD  3 . A radio frequency (RF) signal output from the LNB  3   a  of the antenna  3  is supplied to a tuner  21  of a front end  20 . The output from the tuner  21  is supplied to a quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) demodulation circuit  22  for demodulation. The output from the QPSK demodulation circuit  22  is supplied to an error correcting circuit  23  for error correction. The data is received in encrypted and encoded (i.e., compressed) form. 
     The transport IC  24  receives the data stream, consisting of packets of data, from the error correcting circuit  23  and directs portions of the data stream to the appropriate circuit for processing. The digital data stream sent from a satellite includes headers for classifying the different portions of the data in the digital data stream. The transport IC stores the headers in registers and uses the headers to direct the data. The data stream sent from the satellite, includes video data in the format specified by the Motion Pictures Expert Group standard (MPEG), MPEG audio data and electronic programming guide (EPG) data. Data that is identified by its header to be video data is transferred to MPEG video decoder  25 . Data that is identified by its header to be audio data is transferred to MPEG audio decoder  26 . Similarly, data having a header that identifies the data to be EPG data is transferred to a predetermined area in the data buffer  51  designated to store the EPG. 
     A conditional access module  33 , includes a central processing unit (CPU), a read-only memory (ROM) and a random access memory (RAM). The conditional access module determines whether the user has the authorization to receive certain data, e.g., audio/video for a pay TV station, using the authorization information stored in its memory. Thus, if the conditional access module determines that the user is authorized access, a key to decrypt the incoming data is provided to the transport IC  24 , which decrypts the data using the key provided. In one embodiment, a smart card is utilized. This card is inserted into the card reader interface  32  for interface to the transport IC  24 . It is readily apparent to one skilled in the art that the conditional access module is not limited to smart cards and may be configured in other kinds of circuitry. 
     The MPEG video decoder  25  decodes the video signal received from the transport IC. Dynamic random access memory (DRAM)  25   a , connected to the MPEG video decoder  25 , is used for buffering and storage of video data during processing by the MPEG video decoder. The decoded digital video signal is supplied to a National Television System Committee (NTSC) encoder  27  and converted to a luminance signal (Y) and a chroma signal (C) which are respectively output through a buffer amplifier  28 Y or  28 C as an S video signal. A composite video signal is also output through a buffer amplifier  28 V. 
     The MPEG audio decoder  26  decodes the digital audio signal. DRAM  26   a , connected to the MPEG audio decoder  26 , is used for buffering of data and information during processing by the MPEG audio decoder  26 . The decoded digital audio signal is converted into an analog audio signal by D/A converter  30 . The left audio signal is output through buffer amplifier  31 L and the right audio signal is output through buffer amplifier  31 R. 
     An RF modulator  41  mixes a composite signal output from the NTSC encoder  27  with an analog audio signal output from the D/A converter  30 . The RF modulator  41  converts the mixed signal into an RF signal and outputs the RF signal therefrom. 
     The CPU  29  is the central control mechanism and executes instructions or code stored preferably in the ROM  37  to perform certain functions of the system. For example, the CPU processes certain data to control the display of EPGs and broadcasts in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. In addition, the CPU receives and processes the user input, received from the front panel buttons or switches  40  and the photodetector circuit  39  to provide the user functionality and access to the system described herein. Furthermore, the CPU accesses user settings/preferences for processing of information and configuration of the system. The user settings are stored in the non-volatile memory, such as electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM)  38 . 
     The CPU  29  maintains a list of pointers, stored in static random access memory (SRAM)  36 , to the channel information and program information stored in the SRAM  51 . Thus, when a user wishes to display a form of the EPG on the screen or selects to switch between a broadcast or an EPG, the CPU  29 , accessing pointers stored in the SRAM  36 , communicates to the transport IC  34  to retrieve the data from the data buffer (SRAM)  51  identified by the pointers. The CPU then formulates the format and other digital data which forms the guide or list on the screen and forwards the data representative of the guide/list to the transport IC  34  which forwards the data to the DRAM  25   a  of the MPEG video decoder  25  for subsequent output to the screen. 
     FIG. 4 shows an example of a remote controller utilized by a user to transmit commands and make program selections in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. The remote controller  400  has an infrared originating device  405 , a set of operation buttons  410 , a CPU, a ROM and a RAM (not shown). The CPU receives a signal sent from an operation button  410  through an input port  430 . The signal is processed according to a program stored in the ROM. The RAM is used as a working space so as to produce a transmitting code. The transmitting code is sent to the infrared originating device through an output port and converted into an infrared signal. The infrared signal is transmitted to the IRD. The operation buttons  410  include a direction key for designating a pointer direction such as north, south, east and west, an “EPG” key, a “FAVORITE” key, a “SELECT KEY”, a “MENU” key, an “EXIT” key, a ten-key numeric keypad and an “ENTER” key. 
     FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustration of the data stored in a portion of the data buffer RAM  51 . As noted above, the RAM  51  stores EPG data including guide data, channel data, and program data. General information is included in the guide data, for example, the current date and time. The transponder list identifies the number of the transponder transmitting a segment. The channel list identifies the channel number of the first channel of a portion of data. The channel data includes data relating to channels, such as the channel number, channel name (i.e., the call sign of a broadcast station), logo ID (i.e., an identification of the channel logo), data ID, which is an identification of a channel number of MPEG video data or MPEG audio data, number of programs, which identifies the number of programs to be transmitted on a channel during a predetermined time frame, and first program offset which identifies the offset from the header to the first channel data in a segment. 
     The program data includes the program title, start time of the program, time length of the program, program category such as movies, news, sports, etc., program subcategory such as drama, horror, children&#39;s movies or baseball, basketball, football for the sports category, the movie rating and program description that provides a detailed description of the program. 
     In one embodiment of the present invention, an animated zoom is performed between the image displayed (e.g., broadcast of a television program) and the electronic program guide (EPG). The process is described with reference to FIG.  5 . At step  505 , the display is generated. For example, in the present embodiment, a display of a television broadcast is generated. As noted above, the images generated can be also be images from alternate sources including video tapes, computer memory and storage devices or a network such as the Internet. Furthermore, the EPG can be generalized to be a variety of types of information guides not limited to broadcast system programming. 
     At step  510  it is determined whether the user has requested to view the program guide. Typically, a user may request to view particular information such as the program guide by selecting a button or sequence of buttons on the user&#39;s remote control device. Other techniques may also be used, including using menus or a cursor control device and corresponding displays. 
     If a user requests to view a program guide, at step  515 , a zoom is initiated to transition the display between the broadcast and the EPG. By zooming between the broadcast and the EPG, the user is able to visually maintain a perspective as to what is occurring. In the present embodiment, the zoom is initiated by blending an oversized depiction of the EPG with the broadcast image wherein the broadcast image is sized to fit within an area of the EPG representative of the broadcast image displayed. For example, in the present embodiment, program start times and durations are depicted by a box with the name/description of the program included in the box. Thus, in the present embodiment, the broadcast image is sized to fit in the box corresponding to the program of the broadcast. 
     At step  520 , the reduction in size of the EPG to a second size to approximately fit the display is initiated. As the size of the EPG is reduced, the broadcast image is similarly reduced to fit the size of the program area corresponding to the program displayed. At step  525 , as the size of the EPG is reduced, optionally details are added to the EPG as space permits, for example, a description of the program. Alternately the detail is included at the beginning of the zoom and more and more of the detail is visible to the user as the EPG reduces in size. 
     The end of the zoom is reached once the EPG is at a determined size. Preferably the size is one that corresponds to the size of the display or a standard size that permits the user to scroll in either or both the horizontal and vertical direction. At the end of the zoom, at step  530 , the broadcast is enlarged to fit the size of the display and is alpha-blended as background to the EPG. A variety of blending techniques known to those skilled in the art can be used to place the broadcast as a background image to the EPG. Thus the user continues to maintain a visual perspective throughout the transition between the broadcast and the EPG. 
     It should be realized that once in the EPG, it is preferred that the user can view a variety of programs simply by selection of the corresponding program area of the EPG. Thus, if the EPG is currently highlighting a first program area of the EPG and the user causes the highlight of a second program area, the background display will change to the broadcast of the corresponding second program. Similarly, it is preferred that when the user wishes to exit the EPG, the user has the choice to exit to the broadcast corresponding to the program currently highlighted in the EPG or to the initial broadcast at the time when the user selected to view the EPG. Other embodiments are also contemplated. 
     FIG. 6 illustrates and alternate embodiment which depicts a process for transitioning between the EPG and the broadcast. At step  605 , the EPG and broadcast are initially displayed with the broadcast alpha-blended into the background of the EPG. At step  610 , it is determined whether the EPG is to be exited. Typically, the is determined by the user selecting to exit the EPG; alternately, the EPG is automatically exited after a predetermined amount of time has lapsed. At step  615 , the transition is initiated by sizing the broadcast to be displayed in the program area of the EPG and at step  620 , a zoom out function is initiated increasing the EPG is size and correspondingly the size of the broadcast located within the program area of the EPG. Once the EPG has reached a determined size, e.g., a size such that the broadcast is approximately equal to the screen size, the EPG is removed and the broadcast is displayed, step  625 . 
     FIGS. 7 a  and  7   b  are used to further explain the process. FIG. 7 a  illustrates one embodiment in which an animated zoom  705  occurs between a full screen video image  710  and EPG  715 , dependent upon whether a request to view the EPG  720  or program  725  is selected. As shown in FIG. 7 a , the video is displayed in the program area  730  of the EPG  715  and full screen video is alpha blended  735  with the EPG  725  at the completion of the zoom. FIG. 7 b  is a screen depiction, illustrating how the video  750  is displayed within the program title area  755  of the EPG  760  and once the zoom is complete, the video  765  is alpha blended with the EPG  760 . 
     FIG. 8 are exemplary screen displays illustrating one embodiment of the process of the present invention. Display  805  illustrates a full screen display of a broadcast. Display  810  illustrates the initiation of the zoom in which an oversized version of the EPG is displayed, focusing in on the program title area of the EPG corresponding to the broadcast, with the broadcast displayed with the program title area. Display  815  illustrates the reduction in size of the EPG and corresponding reduction in size of the broadcast. Display  820  shows the completed transition wherein a full size screen display of the broadcast is alpha-blended in the background of the EPG. 
     FIG. 9 illustrates an embodiment of displaying different levels of detail of a program guide. Unlike prior art EPGs which typically present EPGs in one format, the present invention provides a zoom between a variety of formats or levels of detail such that the user can visually follow the process of transitioning between EPGs. At step  905 , the EPG is displayed. Preferably the display is similar to one shown in FIG. 8, but the display can also consist simply of the EPG without the broadcast alpha-blended into the background or a reduced size EPG to enable the display of the broadcast at another portion of the screen. 
     If the viewer requests to view an alternate level of detail, step  910 , the zoom is initiated, step  915 . Preferably, the zoom is initiated by the user depressing a predetermined button, e.g., “zoom out” or “zoom in” button, on the remote control device. Other methods for indicating selection of a different level of detail may also be used. The zoom transitions the EPG from a first level of detail to a second level of detail. For example, the first level of detail may reflect a higher level of detail than the second level of detail or vice versa. The different levels of detail may reflect additional stations shown or programming times, or both. Thus, for example, if the second level of detail is greater than the first level of detail, the font size, the program title areas the areas spanned by certain periods of time may be reduced to fit the additional information. In the present embodiment, the zoom is performed by horizontal reduction by moving the displayed times closer together, adding additional times as space permits and vertical reduction by moving the station identifications and program title areas closer together, reducing the size of the program title areas as necessary. Furthermore, at step  920 , at a determined point(s) in the zoom representations of certain portions of the EPG are changed to accommodate the different size of information represented. In particular, a cross-fade function is performed as the zoom occurs to change between, for example, a network station logo used at a first level of detail and a network station abbreviation used at a second level of detail. Using the cross-fade function, the change between representations is gradual and visible to the user. 
     A simplified example of the process is illustrated in FIG.  10 . At step  1010 , the first level of EPG shows approximately 1.5 hours of programming in the time bar area  1012  and represents the different stations by network logos  1014 . Step  1020  illustrates a first intermediate point in the zoom process in which the time indicators  1022 ,  1024  appear to slide in from off screen (e.g., from the right and left side) as the area spanned by each time tick is reduced. In addition, the station logos  1026  begin to zoom to a smaller size. At step  1030 , which is representative of approximately the half-way point of the zoom process, station abbreviation  1032  appear to appear or fade over the station logos. The time indicators continue to “slide in” in the time bar area  1034 . At step  1040  the zoom process in complete. It should be noted that the time bar area  1402  spans a greater time range than the prior level (step  1010 ) and the station identification area  1404  consists of station abbreviations in place of the station logos. 
     FIGS. 11,  12  and  13  are examples of different levels of detail of an EPG. It is readily apparent that the present invention is not limited to these examples and other formats of information can be implemented following the teachings presented herein. 
     In addition, the guide is configured in this embodiment to note the status of certain programs and/or stations using a super-imposed icon over corresponding areas of the guide. For example, in the present embodiment, dots (e.g.,  1205 ) are used. Other embodiments may also be used. The status may reflect a variety of things, including, but not limited to, favorite stations, favorite programs, auto-recording and auto-tuning. 
     FIG. 11 illustrates a 1.5 hour program guide with station logo display showing seven channels of programming and their logos. It is often desirable to use the logo display as it is readily identifiable by the user. However when it is reduced in size the logos are not always readily identifiable as the image is blurred by size reduction. Thus, at a higher level of detail where more program information is presented, station abbreviations are used in place of logos, such as is shown in FIG.  12 . FIG. 12 shows a 6 hour program display that includes 10 channels of programming. Preferably, the user accesses this guide by pressing a zoom out function while in the 1.5 hour view of the EPG. 
     FIG. 13 shows a 1 day program display with an alphabetical directory of stations. As explained above, this display is reached by the user selecting a zoom out function and the system performing a zoom function. In this zoom, the time ticks earlier used are replaced by the “morning”, “afternoon”, “evening” and “late night” time representations shown, preferably by performing the fade-in function described above. Similarly, the station abbreviations are preferably replaced by alphabetical directory using the fade in function. Note that the present illustration shows each letter of the alphabet separately; it is contemplated that ranges of letters, e.g. A-C, D-F, etc. may also be used. 
     The invention has been described in conjunction with the preferred embodiment. It is evident that numerous alternatives, variations, modifications and uses will be apparent to one skilled in the art in view of the foregoing description.