Abstract:
Exercise apparatuses that may be particularly useful or treating and strengthening connective tissue. For example, apparatuses that may have or be reconfigured to have multiple (e.g., three or more) configurations that are suspended from above by a ceiling or stand. The equipment facilitates the stabilization of the body according to the principle of tensegrity, so that the tension in all movements is omni-directionally coherent, thus creating omni-tensional integrity, which may be helpful in treatment and strengthening of muscular connective tissue (fasciae) in musculoskeletal dynamics, to restore, rebuild, strengthen and regain elasticity within the human fascial network. These apparatuses can support the user at an oblique body angle while the user performs various movements.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application claims the benefit under 35 U.S.C. 119 of U.S. Patent Application No. 62/034,783, filed Aug. 8, 2014, titled “POSTURAL DYNAMICS EXERCISE SYSTEM”. This application is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety. 
     
    
     INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE 
       [0002]    All publications and patent applications mentioned in this specification are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety to the same extent as if each individual publication or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference. 
       FIELD 
       [0003]    Embodiments of the invention relate generally to exercise equipment, and more specifically to exercise equipment that can strengthen, rebuild, and/or restore a user&#39;s connective tissues. 
       BACKGROUND 
       [0004]    The designed equipment finds the application within the field of physical rehabilitation, injury prevention and performance enhancement. Based on the latest scientific findings regarding the role of muscular connective tissues (fasciae) in musculoskeletal dynamics, training fascia is the missing crucial element to the already existing muscular strength work, cardiovascular training and sensory motor refinement coordination commonly used for physical therapy treatment and performance. 
         [0005]    A special approach is typically needed to engage the fascial net. Collagen architecture responds to loading. Appropriate tissue stimulation is necessary to alter collagen architecture (e.g., collagen remodeling). For example, shear, gliding and tensioning motion is needed to therapeutically affect the flexible and resilient collagenous matrix in superficial fascial membranes, as well as a dynamic muscular loading pattern in which the muscle is both activated and extended, for comprehensive stimulation of fascial tissue. Unfortunately, most prior art exercise and mobility equipment is ill suited to treating and strengthening fascia. The apparatuses (e.g., exercise equipment) described herein may address these needs and allow for the effective treatment to restore, rebuild and strengthen connective tissues, and establish myofascial connectedness over as many joints as possible. In particular, the apparatuses described herein may permit a user and/or therapist to focus on moving the body as a functional whole by applying tensional forces that are evenly distributed throughout the body, avoiding overloading of the tissue, and particularly the fascia, instead of focusing on moving muscles in isolation. 
       SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE 
       [0006]    Described herein is exercise equipment that facilitates the engagement of those structures necessary to improve function of the connective tissue, musculoskeletal system and nervous system to facilitate the body&#39;s inherent self-healing capacities. These apparatuses may include systems, devices or a combination of different devices or a single device with multiple configurations. Any of these apparatuses may include a support for supporting and applying (or allowing a user to apply) balanced, smooth and controlled forces that may be most effective at treating fascia. These apparatuses may include a harness, backrest and neck support (and any additional accessories) in conjunction with vertical, lateral and front stabilizers, to allow movement execution in oblique angles (within 360 degrees) creating the necessary shear forces to restore, rebuild and strengthen the entire fascial network. 
         [0007]    Moving in the apparatuses described herein, with and without the support of ones&#39; bodyweight and the applied tensional forces may allow for oblique loaded movement execution to address connective tissue, minimize or reduce stress on all of the joints and create an ideal force transmission from the feet into the spine. This may engage the axial skeleton as a ‘prime mover/power’ in all of our motion, as well as creating a sense of a midline, or axis, from where the axial skeleton engages with the appendicular skeleton in a double direction. Once the appendicular skeleton is in support to/of the axial skeleton, the axial skeleton can then generate ‘axial power’. 
         [0008]    The postural dynamics exercise system (PDES) model enhances spinal function through movement as well as improving and reorganizing the various systems of the human body (fascia, musculoskeletal, nervous system, vestibular system and sensory awareness) by incorporating force/counterforce, inertia and rotation through oblique angles. This exercise apparatuses described herein may provide a practical and accessible approach to personal fitness and physical therapy. 
         [0009]    For example, described herein are exercise systems for restoring, rebuilding, and/or strengthening a person&#39;s neuromyofascial web (including connective tissue) by supporting the person (e.g., in an angled position, relative to the ground). A system may include: an anchor configured to stabilize the system relative to an environmental surface; a first support bar hanging from the anchor at a coupling site and configured to rotate in a first plane relative to the anchor, the first support bar comprising a pair of arms extending out of the first plane and away from the anchor; wherein each arm includes a lateral attachment site near a distal end region of each arm configured to couple with one or more elastic straps, further wherein the first support bar is adjustable to separately adjust: a distance between the lateral attachment sites in a second plane parallel to the first plane, and a distance between the lateral attachment sites and the environmental surface in a third plane perpendicular to the first plane; a second support bar hanging from the anchor so that the first support bar is between the second support bar and the anchor, wherein the second support bar is configured to rotate in a fourth plane parallel to the first plane; and at least two medial attachment sites on the second support bar that are spaced apart from each other and configured to couple with one or more elastic straps. 
         [0010]    Any of the systems described herein may also include a plurality of elastic straps configured to attach to the lateral and medial attachment sites. In general, the elastic straps may be elastic bands, ropes, cords, springs, cables, or the like. The elastic straps are generally elongate, and may have any appropriate cross-sectional shape and area. Thus, the elastic straps may be of different “strengths” based on how elastic they are. The elastic straps may be of any appropriate length, and may include one or more attachment sites, e.g., the proximal and distal ends. The elastic straps may also be adjustable (e.g., in length, tension, etc.), e.g., including a buckle or other length-adjusting element. 
         [0011]    The anchor may be one of: a stand, a cantilever stand, a cantilever wall mount, or a ceiling mount. For example, the anchor may be configured to extend from a wall, ceiling, or the like, as illustrated herein. 
         [0012]    The first support bar may be referred to herein as “bar  2 ” in reference to the figures. The anchor may be referred to in some of the figures as “bar  1 ” and the second support bar may be referred to herein as “bar  3 ”. 
         [0013]    The arms of the first support bar may each comprise a first straight region extending in a horizontal direction and a second straight region extending in a vertical direction. Alternatively or additionally, the arms may be curved or bending. The arms may be adjustable by telescoping (e.g., to lengthen/shorten) and/or by hinges or adjustment of the angle of the arms. The arms of the first support bar may each comprise a first straight region extending in a horizontal direction and a second straight region extending in a vertical direction, wherein the length of the first straight region is adjustable and the length of the second straight region is adjustable. 
         [0014]    Any of the variations described herein may further include a lock having a control, wherein the lock is configured to releasably prevent the first support bar from rotating in the first plane. For example, any of the systems described herein may also include a lock, wherein the lock is configured to be independently locked into fixed positions in predetermined rotational increments between about 15 and 45 degrees. 
         [0015]    The lateral and medial attachment sites may be one or more of loops, rings, hoops, holes or channels that are configured to couple with an elastic strap. The attachment sites may be rotatable, as illustrated, and/or lockable (e.g., to prevent rotation) or they may be permanently fixed. For example, the medial attachment sites on the second support structure are rotatable relative to the second support bar. 
         [0016]    The spacing between the medial attachment sites on the second support bar may be adjustable. 
         [0017]    Any of the variations of the systems described herein may also include a bent, curved or bent and curved elongate member configured to attach between the arms of the first support bar in a plane. For example, the system may also include a bent, curved or bent and curved elongate member configured to be removably attached between the arms of the first support bar, the elongate member having an attachment configured to be removably attached to an elastic strap. In some variations, the system includes a bent, curved or bent and curved elongate member configured to attach between the arms of the first support bar in a plane, wherein the elongate member forms a half circle, a full circle, a triangle, a half diamond, or a full diamond. 
         [0018]    Any of the systems described herein may include a harness. The harness is generally configured to be worn by the person using the device, and may include one or more attachments for the straps. In general, the harness may include at least one central loop or attachment region, such as a ring, that may be positioned near the chest when worn, e.g., just below or at the person&#39;s sternum. 
         [0019]    For example, a harness may include one or more (or all) of: a pair of adjustable leg loops configured to be secured to the person&#39;s thighs; an adjustable chest strap configured to be secured around the person&#39;s chest at the level of the person&#39;s nipples; a first pair of attachments disposed on a first lateral side of the adjustable chest strap, wherein the first pair of attachments are each configured to be removably attached to an elastic member; a second pair of attachments disposed on a second lateral side of the adjustable chest strap such that the first pair of attachments and the second pair of attachments are located on opposite lateral sides of the person&#39;s chest when the harness is worn by the person, wherein the second pair of attachments are each configured to be removably attached to an elastic member; and a frontal attachment between the adjustable chest strap and the pair of adjustable leg loops; and a backrest configured to provide support to the person&#39;s back when wearing the harness. 
         [0020]    Any of these exercise systems may be configured so that the first support bar and the second support bar have a first configuration allowing free rotation, a second configuration allowing free rotation of the first support bar but preventing the second support bar from rotating, a third configuration allowing free rotation of the second support bar but preventing the first support bar from rotating, and a fourth configuration in which the first and second support bars are prevented from rotating. For example, a system may include one or more rotation bearings at the coupling site configured to hang the first support bar and the second support bar from the anchor, wherein the second support bar is attached to the anchor through the first support bar and the first and second support bars share a common axis of rotation through the one or more rotation bearings. 
         [0021]    In any of these device variations having arms, the pair of arms of the first support bar may be removable. 
         [0022]    Any of these apparatuses may also be configured to receive additional weights (e.g., from a typical gym weight, e.g., 5 pounds, 10 pounds, 25 pounds, 35 pounds, 45 pounds, etc.), and may include an attachment site, e.g., on each of the arms of the pair of arms of the first support bar configured to secure a gym weight. 
         [0023]    Any of these systems may also include a pair of stirrups, wherein each stirrup comprises a foot support and two elastic straps that removably join the foot support to a harness, wherein the two elastic straps of each stirrup comprises an inner elastic strap configured to be positioned along the inner portion of a person&#39;s leg, and an outer elastic strap configured to be positioned along the outer portion of the person&#39;s leg. 
         [0024]    The equipment may generally be adjustable. For example, the height of the arms and the spacing of the arms may be adjustable. The distance between the lateral attachment sites and the environmental surface may be adjustable, e.g., between about 3 feet to 6 feet. The distance between the first support structure and the anchor may be adjustable. For example, the distance between the lateral attachment sites may be adjustable between about 7 feet to 11 feet. The second support bar may have a width that is at least about 35 inches, and the spacing between the medial attachments may be adjustable between about 24 inches to 30 inches. 
         [0025]    For example, described herein are exercise systems for restoring, rebuilding, and/or strengthening a person&#39;s neuromyofascial web by supporting the person (e.g., in an angled position), the system comprising: an anchor configured to stabilize the system relative to an environmental surface; a first support bar hanging from the anchor at a coupling site and configured to rotate in a first plane relative to the anchor, the first support bar comprising a pair of arms extending out of the first plane and away from the anchor, wherein each arm includes a lateral attachment site near a distal end region of each arm configured to couple with one or more elastic straps, further wherein the first support bar is adjustable to separately adjust: a distance between the lateral attachment sites in a second plane parallel to the first plane, and a distance between the lateral attachment sites and the environmental surface in a third plane perpendicular to the first plane; a second support bar hanging from the anchor so that the first support bar is between the second support bar and the anchor, wherein the second support bar is configured to rotate in a fourth plane parallel to the first plane; at least two medial attachment sites on the second support bar that are spaced apart from each other and configured to couple with one or more elastic straps; a harness including a backrest and configured to connect to the at least two medial attachment sites via one or more elastic straps. 
         [0026]    In some variations, the exercise systems described for restoring, rebuilding, and/or strengthening a person&#39;s neuromyofascial web (including connective tissue) may include: an anchor; a first support structure comprising: a pair of arms that extend in both a horizontal and vertical direction, and one or more attachment features disposed on a vertically oriented portion of each arm; a second support structure that extends in a horizontal direction, the second support structure having at least two attachment features spaced apart from each other; a first rotatable element configured to be rotatably secured to both the anchor and the first support structure such that the first support structure can rotate relative to the anchor; a second rotatable element configured to be rotatably secured to both the first support structure and the second support structure such that the first support structure can rotate relative to the second support structure; a plurality of elastic members configured to be removably attached to the attachment features on the first support structure and the second support structure. 
         [0027]    As mentioned above, any of these exercise systems may include a harness. The harness may comprise: a pair of adjustable leg loops configured to be secured to the person&#39;s thighs; an adjustable chest strap configured to be secured around the person&#39;s chest at the level of the person&#39;s nipples; a first pair of attachment features disposed on a first lateral side of the adjustable chest strap, wherein the first pair of attachment features are configured to be removably attached to the plurality of elastic members; a second pair of attachment features disposed on a second lateral side of the adjustable chest strap such that the first pair of attachment features and the second pair of attachment features are configured to be located on opposite lateral sides of the person chest when the harness is worn by the person, wherein the second pair of attachment features are configured to be removably attached to the plurality of elastic members; and a frontal attachment feature located between the adjustable chest strap and the pair of adjustable leg loops; and a backrest comprising a support structure configured to provide support to the person&#39;s back. 
         [0028]    Any of these exercise systems may include a third support structure configured to be removably attached to the pair of arms of the first support structure, the third support structure having an attachment feature configured to be removably attached to one of the plurality of the elastic members. The third support structure (which may also be referred to as a bent, curved or bent and curved elongate member) may have a shape selected from the group consisting of a half circle, a full circle, a triangle, a half diamond, and a full diamond. The third support structure may be configured to be removably attached to the pair of arms of the first support structure such that the third support structure lies in a plane that is transverse to a plane that encompasses the first support structure. 
         [0029]    The first support structure may have an adjustable width and an adjustable height. The vertical portion of each arm of the first support structure may be removable. 
         [0030]    The first rotatable element and the second rotatable element may both have a first configuration which is configured to allow free rotation and a second configuration which allows the rotatable elements to be independently locked into a fixed position in predetermined increments. The predetermined increment is about 30 degrees. The first rotatable element and the second rotatable element may be configured to be secured to the anchor, the first support structure, and the second support structure such that the first rotatable element and the second rotatable element both rotate around a common axis. 
         [0031]    As mentioned above, the pair of arms of the first support structure may be removable. The at least two attachment features on the second support structure may be rotatable. The at least two attachment features on the second support structure may be separated by a width that is adjustable. For example, the spacing of the attachments for attaching to elastic bands may be adjusted by releasing a lock on the attachment, sliding it along the bar, and locking it in a new position. The bar may have predefined positions (e.g., indents, coupling sites, etc.) where the attachments may be locked in place. 
         [0032]    Any of these exercise systems may include a plurality of weights configured to be attached to the first support structure and/or the second support structure; and/or a neck support. The exercise system may include a pair of stirrups, wherein each stirrup comprises a foot support and two elastic members that removably join the foot support to the harness, wherein the two elastic members of each stirrup comprises an inner elastic member configured to be positioned along the inner portion of the person&#39;s leg, and an outer elastic member configured to be positioned along the outer portion of the person&#39;s leg. Any of these exercise system may include a sit bones support that can be removably inserted into the harness to provide support and proprioceptive feedback to the person so that the person can position the sit bones horizontally. 
         [0033]    Each pair of arms of the first support structure may include a horizontal bar and a vertical bar having a free end, wherein the attachment features of the first support structure are disposed proximate the free end of the vertical bar. The pair of arms of the first support structure may have a vertical height that is adjustable between about 3 feet to 6 feet. The first support structure may have a vertical height that is adjustable between about 7 feet to 10 feet. The first support structure may have a width that is adjustable between about 7 feet to 11 feet. 
         [0034]    The second support structure may have a width that is at least about 35 inches, and the attachment features of the second support structure are adjustably spaced apart from about 24 inches to 30 inches. When the harness is worn, the frontal attachment feature may be configured to be positioned between the person&#39;s umbilicus and sternum. 
         [0035]    Also described herein are methods of using any of the devices described herein. For example, a method of restoring, rebuilding, and/or strengthening a person&#39;s neuromyofascial web (including connective tissue) by supporting the person (e.g., in an angled position relative to the ground) may include: holding the person within a harness and backrest that supports the person&#39;s torso while providing support to the person&#39;s back; suspending the harness from a second support bar via one or more elastic straps, wherein the second support bar is rotatable connected to a first support bar that is also rotatably connected between the second support bar and an anchor, further wherein the first support bar is rotatable relative to the anchor in a first plane and the second support bar is rotatable in a second plane parallel to the first plane; attaching one or more elastic straps to a pair of arms extending from the first support bar on either side of the person; adjusting the height and width of the pair of arms relative to the person&#39;s body; and allowing the user to move while connected to the first and second support bars via the elastic straps. In general the neuromyofascial web (or net) includes and may the connective tissue (fascia) and neural connections, blood vessels, muscles (e.g., the connection to the muscle), and in particular the connective tissue surrounding an wrapping these (e.g., extracellular matrix). In general, the neuromyofascial web may regulate the body, and organize the space within the body. 
         [0036]    The method may also include supporting the person at an angle of between about 25 and 60 degrees relative to a ground surface. 
         [0037]    Attaching the one or more elastic straps to the pair of arms may comprise attaching the one or more elastic straps to the harness. For example, attaching the one or more elastic straps to the pair of arms may comprise instructing the person to hold the one or more elastic straps. 
         [0038]    The method may also include placing the person&#39;s feet in a pair of stirrups attached to the harness. 
         [0039]    Holding the person within the harness may comprise supporting the person&#39;s neck. Holding the person within the harness may comprise adjusting a pair of leg loops to secure to the person&#39;s thighs and/or adjusting a chest strap around the person&#39;s chest at the level of the person&#39;s nipples. 
         [0040]    Suspending the harness may comprise suspending the harness from a first pair of elastic bands connected to a first lateral side of the adjustable chest strap and a second pair of elastic bands connected to a second lateral side of the adjustable chest strap such that the first pair of elastic bands and the second pair of elastic bands are located on opposite lateral sides of the person chest. 
         [0041]    The method may also include attaching a bent, curved or bent and curved elongate member between the pair of arms of the first support bar so that the elongate member extends around the person, and/or coupling an elastic band to the elongate member. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0042]    The novel features of the invention are set forth with particularity in the claims that follow. A better understanding of the features and advantages of the present invention will be obtained by reference to the following detailed description that sets forth illustrative embodiments, in which the principles of the invention are utilized, and the accompanying drawings of which: 
           [0043]      FIG. 1  is a perspective view that shows all of the components for a first variation of a Postural Exercise System device, referred to herein as device  1 , with a stand. 
           [0044]      FIG. 2  is a front view of device  1  with a stand. 
           [0045]      FIG. 3  is a side view of device  1  with a stand. 
           [0046]      FIG. 4  is a close up perspective view of a top rotational support beam of device  1 . 
           [0047]      FIG. 5  is a close up perspective view of an adjustable weight elastic system bracket for device  1 . 
           [0048]      FIG. 6  shows detail of Foot/leg elastics ( 3   a  and  3   b ) of the variations of device  1  shown in  FIG. 1 . 
           [0049]      FIG. 7  is a perspective view of a second variation, referred to herein as device  2  with a stand. 
           [0050]      FIG. 8  is a front view of device  2  ( FIG. 7 ) with a stand. 
           [0051]      FIG. 9  is a side view of device  2  with a stand. 
           [0052]      FIG. 10  is a perspective view of another variation, referred to herein as device  3 . 
           [0053]      FIG. 11  is a front view of device  3  ( FIG. 10 ). 
           [0054]      FIG. 12  is a side view of device  3 . 
           [0055]      FIG. 13  is a front view of another embodiment of a PDES referred herein as Device  4 . 
           [0056]      FIG. 14  is a perspective view of an embodiment of a harness. 
           [0057]      FIG. 15  is a back view of an embodiment of a backrest. 
           [0058]      FIG. 16  is a perspective view of an embodiment of a neck support. 
           [0059]      FIG. 17  is a perspective view of an embodiment of a single footpad for two feet. 
           [0060]      FIG. 18  is a perspective view of an embodiment of two independent footpads. 
           [0061]      FIG. 19  is a front view of an embodiment of a stabilizing bar. 
           [0062]      FIG. 20  is a perspective view of an embodiment of stirrups that can be used with a harness. 
           [0063]      FIG. 21  is a perspective view showing an embodiment of a stabilizing bar and sacrum support in use. 
           [0064]      FIG. 22  illustrates the setup of device  4 . 
           [0065]      FIGS. 23-26  illustrate the setup of device  4  and the operation of the device to perform a set of movements forming a Phase One Routine. 
           [0066]      FIGS. 27-29  illustrate additional configurations of device  4  and the operation of the device in this configuration to perform a second set of movements forming a Phase Two Routine. 
           [0067]      FIGS. 30-40  illustrate additional configurations of Device  4  (including the operation without a harness) and the operation of the device to perform a set of movements forming a Phase Three Routine. 
           [0068]      FIGS. 41 and 42  illustrate additional movements that may be performed with the apparatuses (e.g., device  4 ) as described herein. 
           [0069]      FIG. 43  illustrates one variation of the apparatus in which the person is squatting while grasping handles or loops coupled to the elastic members to acquire appropriate hip flexion and ankle dorsiflexion in the squatting position. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0070]    In general, the apparatuses described herein (devices, systems, assemblies, etc.) are configured to be used by a person to restore, rebuild and/or strengthen a person&#39;s connective tissue. These apparatuses may be configured to provide axial support through multiple, independently rotatable and lockable beams positionable above the person, from which one or more elastic straps (and in some variations arms or other support equipment) may extend for attaching or grasping by the person using the system. 
         [0071]    For example,  FIGS. 1-6  show various views of an embodiment of a postural dynamics exercise system, referred herein as device  1 . This system can be used with a stand  32  or the device can be suspended from an existing ceiling that has adequate height. The person  1  is suspended in harness  2  connected with carbineer&#39;s  7  via an adjustable strap  16  that is attached to elastic bands  18 ,  19 ,  20  through an adjustable load interface bracket  17  which attaches to the top brackets  21  and  22  which allow rotation about the z axis. Depending on the person  1 &#39;s weight the appropriate combination of bands  18  and  20  can be disconnected and connected via pins in adjustable load interface bracket  17  to give the correct tension. For example, the bands can be adjusted to provide about 140 pounds of tension per 60 kilograms of bodyweight. The shoulder width of the top bracket (attachments)  21 ,  22  can move in and out via slide  24  on a T rail  25 , and the top brackets can rotate. The person&#39;s hands grip the two handles  13  attached to adjustable straps  14  via carbineer&#39;s  7  and then attached to elastic bands  15  which are attached to rotational brackets  21  and  22  at the top. 
         [0072]    The person  1  can be restrained by three lateral elastic chords  9   a  (front) and  9   b  (two lateral side) attached to ring  8  on one side and the person harness on the other side via a carbineer  7 . As shown, the person  1  has two leg elastic restraints straps  3  to provide tensional feedback on the legs.  FIG. 6  shows the person  1 &#39;s feet are held in an ends open elliptical sock  3   a  that has two elastic chords  3   b  attached, inner and outer that also attach to the harness  2 . Chords for lateral and leg tension come in three different load ratings to accommodate different size person  1 . Around the person upper torso is a shoulder band  12  which stabilizes the upper torso during movement. 
         [0073]    The person&#39;s feet can be placed on top of one of two types of footpads. Footpad  4  is used for both feet and rotates about the round half bar mounted horizontally on the bottom that is adjustable in position along the person&#39;s foot. The second uses two independent foot pads  5  and  6  which have half round bars mounted on angles on the bottom. In some embodiments, the footpads may have a strap or other retaining feature for securing the person&#39;s foot to the footpad. In some embodiments, the footpads may be secured in place on the ground. In some embodiments, the sole of the footpad may be made of a material, such as rubber, that provides traction to reduce slippage. 
         [0074]    The ring  8  bottom brackets  10  are attached via struts  11  to the top support beam  27  via brackets  23 .  FIG. 5  shows the ring assembly can rotate when the lock pin  28  is released and then rotates about the top bearing  26 . On the top support beam there are two mounts with adjustable weight pole  29 . On the bottom of bracket  10  there is a weight adjustment mount  31  with weight. 
         [0075]    The free stand  32  holds up the assembly and is held down in place by two large 100-150 gallon water containers  30  mounted on each side of the stand. Other weights, such as metal or sand weights, can also be used. In some embodiments, the stand can be fastened to the floor using bolts, for example. 
         [0076]    The person performs a series of motions in different configurations of elastic band attachments. Person performs the following general motion: 
         [0077]    Ring Closed No Rotation—ring  8  in closed position, pin lock  28  is engaged.
       up and down (z axis),   front and back (y axis)   side to side (x axis).       
 
         [0081]    Device  1  person configurations are as follows:
       With or without Leg Straps  3 .   With or without shoulder band  12 .   With or without differing strength front stabilizer elastics  8 .   With or without differing strength side stabilizer elastics  9   a , and  9   b.      Handle  13  and foot-leg loop attachment variations.       
 
         [0087]    Ring Open Free to Rotate—ring  8  is open, pin lock  28  is disengaged.
       Person performs rotational motion executed in oblique angles.       
 
         [0089]    Device  1  person configurations are as follows:
       With or without Leg Straps  3 .   With or without shoulder band  12 .   With or without differing strength front stabilizer elastics  8 .   With differing strength side stabilizer elastics  9   a , and  9   b.      Handle  13  and foot-leg loop attachment variations.       
 
         [0095]    No Ring (without front and lateral bands  8 ,  9   a , and  9   b ) No rotation—pin lock  28  is engaged.
       up and down (z axis),   front and back (y axis)   side to side (x axis).       
 
         [0099]    Device  1  person configurations are as follows:
       With or without Leg Straps  3 .   With or without shoulder band  12 .   Handle  13  and foot-leg loop attachment variations.       
 
         [0103]    No Ring (without front and lateral bands  8 ,  9   a , and  9   b ) Open rotation—pin lock  28  is disengaged.
       Person performs rotational motion executed in oblique angles.       
 
         [0105]    Device  1  person configurations are as follows:
       With or without Leg Straps  3 .   With or without shoulder band  12 .   Handle  13  and foot-leg loop attachment variations.       
 
         [0109]    Device  1  structure can be made of various metals such as steel, aluminum and/or composites. The elastics bands are rubber based and can be made of various rubber or urethane compounds. In some embodiments, the system may incorporate the use of air, hydraulic, springs, or electromagnet that can engage the bearings, rails, and/or struts to create a force that can provide additional resistance to the system. In addition, LED lights or markings mounted on the edge of the ring can provide a reference point view, and LED lights or a force meter can indicate a force level a person is exerting on the system. 
         [0110]      FIGS. 7-9  show various views of another embodiment of a postural dynamics exercise system, which will be referred herein as Device  2 . In this system the person swings an adjustable weighted slide from one side to the other via elastic bands attached to handles. The slide is attached to a metal stand bolted to the floor. The person can also be slightly suspended in harness attached to the slide. Another configuration includes a trainer using independent handles and elastic bands but attached to the same mount on the slide. 
         [0111]    This system has a stand  41  that is bolted via standard concrete bolts to the floor. Device  2  has several configurations of attachments and with and without a trainer  42 . The person  1  is slightly suspended in harness  2  connected with carbineer&#39;s  7  via elastic bands  34  through a carbineer  7  connector to top bracket  21  and  22  which allows rotation about the z axis. The adjustable strap  16  allows height adjustment that is driven by the person&#39;s size. Optionally, in some variations, the person  1 &#39;s hands grip the two handles  13  attached to adjustable straps  14  via carbineer&#39;s  7  and then attached to elastic bands  35  which are attached to rotational brackets  21  and  22  at the top. As described in greater detail below, in any of the device variations, a back support (back rest) may be used. 
         [0112]    The person  1  has two leg elastic restraints straps  3  to provide tensional feedback on the legs. The person&#39;s feet are held in an ends open elliptical sock  3   a  that has two elastic chords  3   b , inner and outer that attach to the harness  2 . 
         [0113]    Around the person upper torso is a shoulder band  12  which stabilizes the upper torso during movement. 
         [0114]    On the top support beam there are two mounts with adjustable weight pole  40  and the slide  37  has adjustable friction level for added resistance. 
         [0115]    Device  2  structures can be made of various metals such as steel, aluminum and/or composites. The elastic bands are rubber based and can be made of various rubber compounds. As described above, in some embodiments, the system may incorporate the use of air, hydraulic, spring, or electromagnet to create a force or resistance to the system or resistance from the slide, LED lights mounted on the slide for reference point view, LED lights or meter to indicate force level person is exerting on system. 
         [0116]    The movements of the Device  2  are as follows: 
         [0117]    Side to side motion of slide  37  and weight  40  is loading the different fascial components by engaging long myofascial chains and whole movements executed in oblique angles via elastics bands with varying attachments. In general, the apparatuses described herein allow the engagement of very long myofascial chains, because they may engage many of the interconnected muscular and skeletal systems (e.g., axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton). 
         [0118]    Movement is executed by a person with or without trainer simultaneous on the opposite side as shown in  FIGS. 7-9 . 
         [0119]    Attachment configurations:
       With/without harness  2     With/without leg straps  3     With/Without shoulder band  12     With/without three center elastics  34  attached to harness  2         
 
         [0124]      FIGS. 10-12  show various views of another embodiment of a postural dynamics exercise systems, which is referred to herein as Device  3 . In this system the person is slightly restrained/suspended in a harness by elastic bands attached at the top of rotational beam supported by a metal stand that is bolted to the floor as well as a one elastic chord attached to the person from the front support structure to the harness. The person has handles for support or can hit a drum with the hands in alternating beat for movement training while the person is walking on a treadmill. 
         [0125]    This system can have a stand  46  that is bolted via standard concrete bolts to the floor. Device  3  has several configurations of attachments. The person  1  is slightly suspended in harness  2  connected with carbineer  7  via elastic bands  31  through a carbineer  7  connector to top bracket  21  and  22  which allows rotation about the z axis. The person  1 &#39;s hands grip the two handles  13  attached to adjustable straps  14  via carbineer  7  and then attached to elastic bands  47  which are attached to rotational brackets  21  and  22  at the top. Top support beam  48  is free to rotate about bearing  26  on the z axis. 
         [0126]    The person is restrained by one front elastic chord  45  attached to the person&#39;s harness  2  via carbineer  7  and the other end attached to height adjustable bracket  49  on support structure  46 . The system is mounted over the top of a standard treadmill  43 . 
         [0127]    There is one drum mounted on the treadmill that is used for one of the exercises. 
         [0128]    Device  3  structures can be made of various metals such as steel, aluminum or composites. The elastic bands are rubber based and can be made of various rubber compounds. As described above, in some embodiments, the system may incorporate the use of air, hydraulic, spring, or electromagnet to create a force or resistance to the system or resistance from the slide, LED lights mounted on the slide for reference point view, LED lights or meter to indicate force level person is exerting on system. 
         [0129]    The exercises of the Device  3  are as follows: 
         [0130]    Motions: Walking, jogging, running and side to side with/without front elastic. Backwards, and turning while walking. 
         [0131]    Attachment configurations:
       With/without shoulder strap  12     With/without handles  13     With/without use of drum  44     With/without front elastic  45         
 
         [0136]    Another embodiment of the PDES is described below. This embodiment is a modular system using a single base device, referred herein as Device  4 , to achieve many of the movements described above for Devices  1 - 3 . 
         [0137]    Device  4 : As shown in  FIG. 13 , in some embodiments, the base product of the PDES  1300  includes an anchor  1302 , a first support structure  1304 , and a second support structure  1306 . The anchor  1302  can be a bar, a disc, a cross, a square, or any other shaped structure that can be securely attached to a fixed structure, such as a ceiling joint or a stand. For the purposes of illustration, the anchor  1302  will be described as Bar  1 , but it is understood that the anchor may be another type of structure as described above. Bar  1  may rigidly attach the PDES  1300  to a fixed structure (either a fixed structure, a portable version of same, or the ceiling joists of a wood structure) and supports the top bearing  1308 . The first support structure  1304  can have a pair of arms  1312 ,  1314  that extend both horizontally and vertically. For the purposes of illustration, the first support structure  1304  will be referred herein as Bar  2 , but it is understood that the first support structure may be constructed out of a different structure than a bar. Bar  2  is connected to the top bearing  1308  and supports the bottom bearing  1310 . Next, the second support structure  1306 , which will be referred herein as Bar  3 , is connected to the bottom bearing. In other embodiments, the second support bar  1306  can be made of structure other than a bar, such as a disc, cross, square or other structure. The attachments (sites for attaching, e.g., elastic bands) on the second and first support structure may be rotating (and/or may be fixed or lockable/fixable). For example, the attachments (attachment points)  1317  on the second support bar (bar  3 ) may be configured as rotating attachments. 
         [0138]    As mentioned, in  FIG. 13 , the height and/or width of the two arms of the first support bar (bar  2 ) may be adjusted either independently or collectively. For example, the width of the upper portion of the bar  1397  may be adjustable. Similarly, the height of the vertical support portion  1399  of each arm may be adjustable. 
         [0139]    Bar  2  can freely rotate in relation to Bar  1  with minimal or little friction and can be able to be locked into place in any position in 15, 30, or 45 degree increments. 
         [0140]    Bar  3  can freely rotate with minimal or little friction in relation to Bar  2  and can be locked in place in relation to Bar  2  in any position in 15, 30, or 45 degree increments. 
         [0141]    Locking the position in fixed increments allows the user to achieve precise predetermined angles between the bars which allows the user to accurately follow a prescribed exercise regimen. In other embodiments, the bars may be locked into position in a variable increment. In some embodiments, the system can be switched between locking in fixed increments and variable increments. 
         [0142]    In some embodiments, the fixed rotation between Bar  2  and Bar  1  and between Bar  3  and Bar  2  can be engaged/disengaged and adjusted independent of the other. 
         [0143]    Bar  2  can have arms (vertical supports)  1312 ,  1314  that hang down, and are wider than Bar  3 , such that the attachment points  1316  at the bottom of the vertical supports can be adjusted in width (distance between the other attachment point) and height (distance from the ground) independently. The arms (vertical supports) may be either removable or retractable so as to not interfere with the user if deemed unnecessary at that time. In some embodiments, the vertical portion of the arms is completely vertical, while in other embodiments, the vertical portion can be oriented at an outward angle such that the bottom of the arms are space more widely apart than the top of the arms. In some embodiments, the angle of the arms is adjustable from a vertical position to an outwardly angled position. In some embodiments, the outward angle can be between 0 and 45 degrees. 
         [0144]    In some embodiments, there can be pegs  1318  to which standard weights can be attached and secured to either Bar  3  or the arms (vertical supports)  1312 ,  1314  of Bar  2  to increase the bar&#39;s rotational inertia. These pegs  1318  can be located such that the weights that are attached will not interfere with the rotation of any bar. 
         [0145]    In some embodiments, an optional add-on to the bottom of the arms/vertical supports is a half-circle or half-diamond support structure  1320  with the option to extend to a full circle or diamond shape. The size of this optional add-on depends on the adjustments of the vertical supports and the height of the user. 
         [0146]    Optional add-on friction devices that create friction on either the top or bottom bearing, can be engaged or disengaged based on user&#39;s need (it can be two separate devices, one for top bearing and one for bottom). The different locked and unlocked positions of the device are being used for a series of movements performed with the guidance of an instructor and/or video/manual, or on ones&#39; own. In addition, as described above, other types of device can be used to provide a counter force to rotation of the bars, such as a spring, hydraulic actuator, or magnet. Stiffer elements, e.g., non-elastic pieces, e.g., made of one or more of metal, plastic, and/or wood, may be used to provide force against the body. For example, in the third (Phase  3 ) configuration, when the subject is standing on the floor, one or more rigid or semi-rigid members may be used to provide counterforce, including the arms themselves, or one or more accessories attached to the arm, or the bar(s). 
         [0147]    As illustrated in  FIGS. 14-16 , the use of additional gear worn by the user, i.e. harness  1400 , backrest  1500  and neck support  1600  (and any additional accessories), in connection with the equipment, functions as a support as well as a restraint, directing the applied forces through oblique angles 40-45 degrees, with the aim to redefine the effect of gravity on the human organism so that it positively affects the fascial network to not only improve musculoskeletal and nervous system function, but the entire organism down to the cellular level. 
         [0148]    The function and use of the device provides the new environment necessary for the re-education/re-patterning foundation.
       Movement execution against resistance within 360° in oblique angles 40-45°, or more broadly within angles 30-60°   Force/counterforce   Centerfleeing and centerseeking forces (centrifugal-centripetal)   Inertia, gravity   Acceleration, deceleration   Momentum   Oscillation—not one body structure is continuously loaded   Tensegrity principle applied/frees the body to evoke suspension   Tonic function (gravity response system)       
 
         [0158]    Device  4  Accessories: 
         [0159]    Harness  1400  (Refer to  FIG. 14 ): the harness  1400  can include: a pair of adjustable leg loops  1402  that can be secured to the person&#39;s thighs; an adjustable chest strap  1404  that can be secured around the patient&#39;s chest at the level of the patient&#39;s nipples; a first pair of attachment features  1406  located on a first lateral side of the adjustable chest strap  1404 ; a second pair of attachment features  1408  located on a second lateral side of the adjustable chest strap  1404  such that the first pair of attachment features  1406  and the second pair of attachment features  1408  are located on opposite lateral sides of the person chest when the harness  1400  is worn by the person, and where the second pair of attachment features  1408  can be removably attached to elastic members; and a frontal attachment feature  1410  located between the adjustable chest strap  1404  and the pair of adjustable leg loops  1402 . The material on the front of the leg straps  1455 ,  1457 , and the medical sides of leg loops  1402  may be softer with little stretch, while the back straps may be wider (e.g., 2 cm). The medial side of the strap  1402  (the inside region where the harness contacts the thighs) may be made softer than other regions, e.g., and may be padded, etc., to enhance comfort in the crotch region. 
         [0160]    Backrest  1500  (Refer to  FIG. 15 ): the backrest  1500  can have a back support structure  1502  and may be made from a flexible or bendable, but supporting material that include semi-rigid materials that allows bending (e.g., and may include flexibly connected rigid materials). The harness may also include a belt  1504  and shoulder straps  1506  for securing the backrest to the user&#39;s back. 
         [0161]    Neck Support  1600  (Refer to  FIG. 16 ): the neck support  1600  can wrap around the back and side portions of the patient&#39;s neck and can be made of a resilient and/or cushiony material. 
         [0162]    Single Footpad  1700  (Refer to  FIG. 17 )—the single footpad  1700  for both feet can be adjusted to different angles 20 degrees, 25 degrees, and 30 degrees, for example. The single footpad can have a depth of 13 cm and a width of 39 cm. 
         [0163]    Pair of Independent Footpads  1800  (Refer to  FIG. 18 )—the independent footpads  1800  can have a base plate  1802  and half-round bars  1804  mounted on angles on the bottom of the base plate  1802 . 
         [0164]    Rod  1900  to horizontalize sitbones (Refer to  FIG. 19 ): a rod  1900  can be used to assist the user in positioning the sitbones. The rod  1900  can be threaded laterally through the harness to provide proprioceptive feedback to the user on the orientation of the sitbones so that the user can orient the sitbones horizontally. The rod can have a thickness of 2.5 cm and a length of 110 cm. 
         [0165]    Stirrups  2000  can include an inner elastic cord  2002  positioned on the inside portion of the leg and an outer elastic cord  2004  positioned on the outside portion of the leg (Refer to  FIG. 20 ) for both legs to provide tensional feedback and/or resistance to the legs. The stirrup can be attached to harness  1400 . The stirrup  2000  can also include a foot loop  2006  to which the elastic cords  2002 ,  2004  are attached. Use of the stirrups  2000  allows the user to experience resistance or force when moving the legs in a lateral motion. The foot loop may be a soft strap that attaches under the foot (e.g., an elastic and/or Velcro strap that attaches around the users foot. 
         [0166]    Sacrum support  2100  (Refer to  FIG. 21 ): the sacrum support  2100  can be made of a rigid or semi-rigid material and can be used in conjunction with the harness to provide additional support and proprioceptive feedback to the sacrum. 
         [0167]    Device  4  Specifications (Refer to  FIG. 22 ): 
         [0168]    The device configuration shown in  FIG. 22  (device  4 ) may be used with an 8′ ceiling, and a Home Equipment version of the PDES  1300  can be used with arms  1312  having a height of 3′ to 6′ adjustable in 2″ increments. For a 12′ ceiling, a Studio Equipment version can be used with arms  1312  having a height of 7′-10′ adjustable in 2″ increments. The level of the arms  1312  above the floor for the different configurations can be aligned to users&#39; hip height (illiac crest) measured in a standing position. In other words, the position of the ends of the arms  1312  can be aligned with the user&#39;s iliac crest. This can be accomplished by adjusting the height or length of the retractable arms  1312 . The width between the arms can be based on the user&#39;s body height and can be adjustable from 7′ to 11′ in 1′ increments. 9′ will accommodate 165 cm to 175 cm of body height; 10′ will accommodate 175 cm to 185 cm of body height; and 11′ will accommodate 185 cm to 200 cm of body height. The length of Bar  3  length can be at least 35″. The attachments on Bar  3  for vertical suspension elastics are adjustable in width/spacing from 24″-30″, adjustable in 2″ increments and may also be able to rotate (e.g., the brackets may be rotatable brackets). 
         [0169]      FIG. 23  illustrates how to establish the correct starting position for the Phase One Routine to facilitate Movement Execution in 40-45 degree oblique angles within a closed chain. Vertical Body Suspension Elastics  2300  attached to Bar  3  are attached to lateral rings  1406 ,  1408  of harness  1400 . The vertical body suspension elastics  2300  can be adjusted to provide 140 lbs. of tension (elastic) for every 60 kg of body weight. The harness  1400  in combination with the Backrest  1500  function as a support to the axial skeleton (see, e.g.,  FIG. 14 ). Harness  1400 : Lateral rings  1406 ,  1408  can be positioned to be at level of user&#39;s nipple once user is in supported squatting position. Front ring  1410  of harness  1400  can be placed between umbilicus and sternum in supported squatting position. Backrest  1500  can be tightly fitted around entire spine of user using a Velcro belt secured with a closing in front and adjustable straps around shoulders. Lateral stabilizing elastics  2302  are attached from arms  1312  to harness  1400  using the lateral rings  1406 ,  1408  of the harness. Lateral stabilizing elastics for upper extremities  2304  are attached at arms  1312  and come towards one&#39;s body as much as shoulder width (user is positioned in center). The user may fix these stabilizing elastics with their elbows and holds onto the front ring with both hands creating a closed chain. For example, the user (e.g., patient) can simply grasp these stabilizing elastics, which can be a loop or have a handle for grasping. Front stabilizing elastic  2306  can be attached to a center region of half-ring  1320  or to furthest point of triangle, and to the front ring of the harness (e.g., near the sternum on the harness). 
         [0170]    Phase One Routine is Illustrated in  FIGS. 23-26 . 
         [0171]    Device  4  is in locked position (Bars  1 - 3  all locked in position so that there is no rotation of any of the bars). The re-education/re-patterning is based on one movement as shown; squatting to standing and vice versa, executed in 40-45 degree oblique body angles, with its preparatory movements a trunk extension shown in  FIG. 24  and soft elastic bounces in the end ranges of the squatting position. This angle and movement facilitates interconnectedness of the different body segments, aligns the body, minimizes stress on all of the joints, restores and rebuilds the elastic storage capacity of the collagenous structures and is the preparation for the axial skeleton to become the ‘Prime Mover’. The movement can be executed both barefoot and wearing flexible sport shoes, while using a footpad  1700 / 1800  (or with feet directly on the ground) and neck support  1600 . The front stabilizing elastic  2306  may be used alternatively during the routine, switching back and forth from closed loop control to open loop control. 
         [0172]      FIG. 43  also illustrates a user (similar to  FIGS. 23-26 ) acquiring an appropriate hip flexion and ankle dorsiflexion in a squatting position. In this example, the person (user) is wearing the harness (as illustrated in  FIG. 14 ) that is connected by a pair of elastic straps to the third bar (second support bar, not visible in  FIG. 43 ), and each of these elastic straps includes a handle (shown as a loop  4302 ). In general, and as shown in this example, the elastic strap may be formed of a set of multiple component straps (elastic members) that may be attached in series and/or in parallel. In  FIG. 43 , the elastic straps connecting the harness to the second support bar include two elastic regions, connected by a metal loop to which the handles are attached. Other items, including weights which may adjust the elastic strength of the elastic members, may also or alternatively be attached. Thus, in general, the strength of the elastic members may be adjusted, e.g., by attaching weights and/or by increasing the number of elastic components (in parallel and/or in series) forming the elastic strap. In operation, the user may hold onto the straps when performing certain movements, including performing soft elastic bounces in the end ranges of the squatting position, as discussed above. 
         [0173]    An Example of a Phase Two Routine is Illustrated in  FIGS. 27-29 . 
         [0174]    Bar  2  and  3  are locked with the top bearing open for rotation, which means that Bar  2  and Bar  3  can rotate in tandem with respect to the anchor/Bar  1 . The Phase Two Routine keeps everything established in Phase  1  and adds rotation of the body with the feet acting as the pivot point with emphasis on the axial skeleton to function as ‘Prime Mover’. Again, the body is maintained at an oblique 40 to 45 degree angle throughout these movements. This restores and rebuilds as well as now adding the strengthening aspect of the fascial net by loading the fascial tissues over multiple extension ranges while utilizing their regained elastic springiness. Movement can be executed in flexible sport shoes with thin, gripping soles.  FIG. 27  illustrates how the legs of the user are suspended from the diaphragm.  FIG. 28  illustrates how the user changes and dynamically readjusts their balance with respect to weight and spatial orientation during the movement.  FIG. 29  illustrates how the back can be opened while moving around. 
         [0175]    Phase Three Routine is Illustrated in  FIGS. 30-40 . 
         [0176]    Parameters established in Phase One and Phase Two may be modified with the following adjustments and variations. Omnidirectional movements can be executed both barefoot and with sport shoes. The axial skeleton is established as ‘Prime Mover’, which may now strengthen the entire fascial network by loading the different fascial components. 
         [0177]      FIGS. 30A-30C  illustrate an embodiment where Bar  2  freely rotates with respect to Bar  3  by unlocking the bars. In this embodiment, the user can stand vertically and does not need to wear a harness or backrest. Lateral elastics can be attached to the arms  1312  or optional support  1320  and can be grasped by the user using handles, arm loops or the like, and also attached to the user&#39;s legs. This configuration provides an interconnectedness of the hands and feet, and provides a force/counterforce experience to the user. The user&#39;s movements concentrate on rotation of the body, arms and legs around a vertical axis. 
         [0178]      FIGS. 31 and 32  illustrate a movement variation that can be performed while sitting on a chair using various arm elastics, handles, loops, and an optional footpad, or a kneeling position as shown in  FIG. 41-42 . In any of the apparatuses and methods described herein, it is an advantage with these devices and methods that they may be readily adapted for use with people having injuries (including leg or other limb amputation or immobilization). For example, a user in a wheelchair or a person recovering from leg injury may use the apparatus, which can be adjusted for height and arm/shoulder. 
         [0179]      FIGS. 33 and 34  illustrate a movement variation with a setup that is similar to that shown in  FIGS. 30A-30C . The user can exert force while keeping the ribcage lifted over the pelvis in order to lengthen the front of the spine while keeping the back open. 
         [0180]    In some embodiments, Bar  2  and Bar  3  can be fixed incrementally, meaning that Bar  2  and Bar  3  can rotate through a fixed angle with respect to each other, while leaving the top bearing able to rotate freely, allowing the user to exert force out of a torsion (or rotation). Also in this configuration the connective tissue becomes actively pre-tensioned in the opposite direction; preparatory counter movement (e.g., in  FIGS. 36A and 36B , the user is starting, in  FIG. 36B , in a twisted configuration). The exercises where Bar  2  and Bar  3  freely rotate can be modified to rotate through a limited angle instead. 
         [0181]      FIG. 35  illustrates a movement which uses vertical and lateral elastics to provide resistance to the arms. In this embodiment, no elastics are attached to the user&#39;s legs. The user can rotate out of an already established stable standing position using the arms and torso. 
         [0182]      FIG. 36  illustrates an embodiment similar to that described in  FIG. 35  but with lateral elastics for the legs added. The user can rotate while standing vertically such that the pelvic-girdle counter-rotates with the shoulder girdle, allowing for internal rotation of the femur. 
         [0183]    In other embodiments, Bar  2  can be fixed with Bar  1  while Bar  3  freely rotates, as illustrated in  FIGS. 37-40 . In these embodiments, the arms of Bar  2  can be removed or retracted. The user can wear a harness and backrest, or just the harness (by itself). Movement can be executed barefoot or with sport shoes. A neck support can be optionally worn. Vertical elastics can be used by attaching the elastics to the lateral attachments of the harness and/or by grasping the elastics with the hands. Vertical elastics can be used to attach handles or foot loops for different movements (with or without a harness). 
         [0184]    Although this disclosure is described in sections, and the device and methods are parsed up in a numeric devices (e.g., device  1 , device  2 , device  3 , etc.), one of skill in the art should understand that any of the components and/or functions of these apparatus variations may be combined with or replace any other feature (unless indicated otherwise) from another of the variation (e.g., device). When a feature or element is herein referred to as being “on” another feature or element, it can be directly on the other feature or element or intervening features and/or elements may also be present. In contrast, when a feature or element is referred to as being “directly on” another feature or element, there are no intervening features or elements present. It will also be understood that, when a feature or element is referred to as being “connected”, “attached” or “coupled” to another feature or element, it can be directly connected, attached or coupled to the other feature or element or intervening features or elements may be present. In contrast, when a feature or element is referred to as being “directly connected”, “directly attached” or “directly coupled” to another feature or element, there are no intervening features or elements present. Although described or shown with respect to one embodiment, the features and elements so described or shown can apply to other embodiments. It will also be appreciated by those of skill in the art that references to a structure or feature that is disposed “adjacent” another feature may have portions that overlap or underlie the adjacent feature. 
         [0185]    Terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. For example, as used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items and may be abbreviated as “/”. 
         [0186]    Spatially relative terms, such as “under”, “below”, “lower”, “over”, “upper” and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one element or feature&#39;s relationship to another element(s) or feature(s) as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if a device in the figures is inverted, elements described as “under” or “beneath” other elements or features would then be oriented “over” the other elements or features. Thus, the exemplary term “under” can encompass both an orientation of over and under. The device may be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly. Similarly, the terms “upwardly”, “downwardly”, “vertical”, “horizontal” and the like are used herein for the purpose of explanation only unless specifically indicated otherwise. 
         [0187]    Although the terms “first” and “second” may be used herein to describe various features/elements (including steps), these features/elements should not be limited by these terms, unless the context indicates otherwise. These terms may be used to distinguish one feature/element from another feature/element. Thus, a first feature/element discussed below could be termed a second feature/element, and similarly, a second feature/element discussed below could be termed a first feature/element without departing from the teachings of the present invention. 
         [0188]    Throughout this specification and the claims which follow, unless the context requires otherwise, the word “comprise”, and variations such as “comprises” and “comprising” means various components can be co jointly employed in the methods and articles (e.g., compositions and apparatuses including device and methods). For example, the term “comprising” will be understood to imply the inclusion of any stated elements or steps but not the exclusion of any other elements or steps. 
         [0189]    As used herein in the specification and claims, including as used in the examples and unless otherwise expressly specified, all numbers may be read as if prefaced by the word “about” or “approximately,” even if the term does not expressly appear. The phrase “about” or “approximately” may be used when describing magnitude and/or position to indicate that the value and/or position described is within a reasonable expected range of values and/or positions. For example, a numeric value may have a value that is +/−0.1% of the stated value (or range of values), +/−1% of the stated value (or range of values), +/−2% of the stated value (or range of values), +/−5% of the stated value (or range of values), +/−10% of the stated value (or range of values), etc. Any numerical range recited herein is intended to include all sub-ranges subsumed therein. 
         [0190]    Although various illustrative embodiments are described above, any of a number of changes may be made to various embodiments without departing from the scope of the invention as described by the claims. For example, the order in which various described method steps are performed may often be changed in alternative embodiments, and in other alternative embodiments one or more method steps may be skipped altogether. Optional features of various device and system embodiments may be included in some embodiments and not in others. Therefore, the foregoing description is provided primarily for exemplary purposes and should not be interpreted to limit the scope of the invention as it is set forth in the claims. 
         [0191]    The examples and illustrations included herein show, by way of illustration and not of limitation, specific embodiments in which the subject matter may be practiced. As mentioned, other embodiments may be utilized and derived there from, such that structural and logical substitutions and changes may be made without departing from the scope of this disclosure. Such embodiments of the inventive subject matter may be referred to herein individually or collectively by the term “invention” merely for convenience and without intending to voluntarily limit the scope of this application to any single invention or inventive concept, if more than one is, in fact, disclosed. Thus, although specific embodiments have been illustrated and described herein, any arrangement calculated to achieve the same purpose may be substituted for the specific embodiments shown. This disclosure is intended to cover any and all adaptations or variations of various embodiments. Combinations of the above embodiments, and other embodiments not specifically described herein, will be apparent to those of skill in the art upon reviewing the above description.