Abstract:
In an automatic focusing camera capable of bringing the lens into focus by automatically detecting the distance between the object and the camera, an automatic focusing device for a camera comprises an actuating member which is operated prior to the start of shutter operation, and a retainer which retains the actuating member at the initial stage of the release operation. The retainer is adapted to cancel the retention of the actuating member prior to start of the shutter operation by the shutter releasing member. The actuating member is interlocked with a coincidence type rangefinder which detects the focus of the lens and the actuating member can be returned to its initial position interlocking with the return motion of the shutter releasing member.

Description:
This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 143,913, filed Apr. 25, 1980, now abandoned. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention relates to a device generally defined as an automatic focusing device for cameras which electrically detects the proper focus position for the lens and automatically brings the lens into focus position. 
     The conventional automatic focusing device utilizes the principle of the coincidence type rangefinder in which a pair of photoelectric elements are provided and the lens is fixed at a focus position in response to a focus signal which is produced at coincidence of an image made by a stationary mirror and an image made by a movable mirror coupled with the lens. In this system, when focus detection is impossible, the camera shutter is released with the lens adjusted to a position corresponding to an infinite range or minimum range as the lens driving member is used also for releasing the shutter. Furthermore, this system has the disadvantage that the range indication is recognizable only after the photographing procedure has been completed. 
     There has been introduced another system in which the operations of the movable mirror and the lens stopping member are coupled with the shutter release operation. In this system, range indication is recognizable before the shutter release operation as the position of the lens stopping member is determined prior to lens driving operation, however, this system has the disadvantage, particularly in a system employing an electromagnetic device for retaining the lens stopping member, that lens stopping member retaining position varies according to the shutter releasing speed as the operating speed of the movable mirror and the lens stopping member varies according to the variation of the shutter releasing speed. 
     Both of the conventional systems as referred to hereinbefore have the disadvantage that the focusing accuracy is greatly affected by difference between stationary and the movable optical passages or any variation in the sensitivity between the photoelectric elements since the optical system of the coincidence type rangefinder has two optical passages comprising a stationary optical passage and a movable optical passage capable of changing the light intensity distribution informations, and two separate light receiving units each consisting of a plurality of photoelectric elements for receiving incident light through the respective optical passages, for accomplishing the focus detection. 
     Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide an automatic focusing camera of good accessibility and high accuracy. 
     According to the present invention, in an automatic focusing camera capable of determining the focus position of the lens by automatically detecting the distance between an object to be photographed and the camera, a charged actuating member is released by a shutter releasing member before the shutter releasing member releases the shutter, then the actuating member performs a series of operations from range measurement to retention of the range setting member. In case focus detection is impossible, the actuating member can be restored to the initial position by restoring the shutter releasing member allowing repetition of the series of operations as described above. 
     Furthermore, the motion of the lens stopping member is not affected by the shutter releasing speed so that the lens stopping member is accurately adjusted to a correct position as the lens stopping member is driven by the actuating member at a controlled speed. 
     Still further, the present invention improves the accuracy of the range measurement system because range measurement is not affected by a difference in sensitivity between the photoelectric elements or difference between two optical passages since a single image lens and a single unit of photoelectric elements are employed for obtaining light informations through a stationary optical passage and a movable optical passage. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a preferred embodiment of an automatic focusing device of a camera according to the present invention showing the parts in charged state, and 
     FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of the optical passages and a light information processing circuit employed in the automatic focusing device of the present invention. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     FIG. 1 is a preferred embodiment according to the present invention illustrating the device in charged state. A fixed base plate is not shown for convenience of explanation. 
     Referring to FIG. 1, a shutter charging member 1 having a shoulder part 1a, a projection 1b  and a slot 1d  is guided by a pin 1c  fixed on the a base plate and inserted in the slot 1d, and the shutter charging member is urged in the leftward direction by a spring 1e  fixed on the stationary base plate at one end. A stopper 3 for stopping the charging member 1 having a bent part 3c  which engages with the shoulder part 1a  of the charging member 1 and a bent part 3d  at opposite ends thereof and the stopper 3 is rotatably fitted on a shaft 3a  fixed on the base plate and urged clockwise by a spring 3e. A shutter releasing member 4 having projections 4a and 4b, pins 4c  and 4d, and slots 4g  and 4h  is guided by pins 4e  and 4f  both fixed on the base plate and urged upwards by a spring 4i. An intermediate lever 5 having an arm 5b, pins 5c  and 5d, and a bent part 5e  is rotatably fitted on a shaft 5a  fixed on the base plate. A stopper 6 for stopping the intermediate lever 5 having a projection 6b  and a bent part 6c  and the stopper 6 is rotatably fitted on a shaft 6a  and urged clockwise by a spring 6d. An actuating member 7, having an end face 7a  engaging with the pin 5c  of the intermediate lever 5, a bent part 7b  having a cam slot, an inclined face 7c , a cam surface 7d, a contact piece 7e, a bent part 7f  and slots 7i  and 7j  within which guiding pins 7g  and 7h  are inserted, respectively, is strained by the spring 4i  for the shutter releasing member 4 through the intermediate lever 5 and straining a spring 7k. 
     A movable mirror 8 having an arm 8b  and a pin 8c  thereon engaging with the cam slot on the bent part 7 b  is rotatable on a shaft 8a. A sectoral plate 9 shields the movable optical passage. 10 designates a half mirror. A sector lever 11 having a pin 11b  operates the sectoral plate 9. The sector lever 11 is rotatably fitted on a shaft 11a  fixed on the base plate and urged counterclockwise by a spring 11c. A switch base plate 12 is kept in contact with the contact piece 7e  provided on the actuating member 7. 12a, 12b  and 12c  designate a series of contact points. A focus adjusting member 13 having a step cam part 13a  and a pin 13b  regulates the position of the lens by rotating about the center of the lens. Although the focus adjusting member 13 is urged counterclockwise by a spring 13c, the counterclockwise rotation is checked by means of the projection 1b  of the shutter charging member touching the pin 13b. A lens stopping member 14, having a bent part 14b  to be engaged with the step cam 13a  of the focus adjusting member 13, stopping teeth 14c  and a pin 14d  to be engaged with the cam face 7d  of the actuating member 7, is rotatably fitted on a shaft 14a  fixed on the base plate and urged counterclockwise by a spring 14e. A stopping piece 15 having a projection 15b  and a pawl 15c  is rotatably fitted on a shaft 15a  fixed on the base plate and urged clockwise by a spring 15d. The stopping piece 15 checks the lens stopping member 14 by engaging with the stopping teeth 14c. 
     An armature lever 16 having an arm 16b  engaging with the projection 15b, an armature 16c  and pins 16d  and 16e  is rotatably fitted on a pin 16i fixed on the base plate. A main spring 16f 34 is engaged with the pins 16d  and 16e. The armature lever 16 is urged clockwise by a spring 16g  and checked at a fixed position by a stop pin 16h  fixed on the base plate. An electromagnet 17 actuates the armature 16c  of the armature lever 16. A delay mechanism comprises a braking member 18 having an arm extending within the path swept by the pin 5d  of the intermediate lever 5 is rotatably fitted on a shaft 18a  fixed on the base plate and urged counterclockwise by a spring 18b  and checked at a fixed position by a stop pin 18c  fixed on the base plate. 19 and 20 designate a gear train for controlling the turning of the braking member 18 and a main switch, respectively. 
     FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating the circuitry for electrically processing light informations according to the present invention, in which, an image lens 31, a single set of photoelectric elements 32, an information processing circuit 33 and a power source 34 are shown. Explanation on the other reference numerals are omitted as they correspond to those explained in FIG. 1. 
     In operation, as the shutter releasing member 4 is depressed from its rest position and begins forward movement, the following sequential actions are initiated; the pin 4d  on the shutter releasing member 4 descends during a first stage of forward movement of the shutter releasing member to allow the main switch 20 to close so that the electricity is supplied to the circuit of FIG. 2, then the electromagnet 17 is excited to attract and hold the entrance 16c. Simultaneously, the pin 4c on the shutter releasing member 4 descends during the first stage of movement and separates from the arm 5b allowing the counterclockwise rotation of the intermediate lever 5 by the action of the spring 7k urging the actuating member 7 leftwards until the bent part 5e  strikes the projection 6b of the stopper 6. The actuating member 7 moves only for a short distance corresponding to the rotation of the intermediate lever 5 and remains near its initial position. With the further downward movement of the shutter releasing member in the first stage of movement, the pin 4c on the shutter releasing member 4 starts pressing the main spring 16f engaging with the armature lever 16, however, the rotation of the armature layer 16 is not possible at this time since the armature 16c has previously been held by the electromagnet 17 so that the main spring 16f is strained. 
     As the shutter releasing member continues to move downwards during the first stage of forward movement, the projection 4a pushes the stopper 6 at the bent part 6c to turn the stopper 6 counterclockwise so that the intermediate lever 5 is releaed, then the actuating member 7, which has been retained by the pin 5c on the intermediate lever 5, is allowed to start travelling under the pulling force exerted by the spring 7k. By this moment, the pin 4c on the shutter releasing member 4 has already descended as far as the position where the pin 4c will not interfere with the counterclockwise rotation of the intermediate lever 5 and this position of the shutter releasing member 4 corresponds to the end of the first stage of movement. 
     Detailed explanation will now be given with respect to the switch base plate 12. The contact point 12a serves as a switch for memorizing the light informations of the stationary optical passage. A series of contact points 12b serve as switches for detecting the angle of rotation of the movable mirror 8. Another series of contact points 12c serve as switches for detecting the angle of rotation of the lens stopping member 14. 
     After the actuating member 7 has started moving, the contact piece 7e separates from the contact point 12a of the switch base plate 12 and memorizes the light informations of the stationary optical passage. Subsequently, the inclined face 7c of the actuating member 7 pushes the sector lever 11 at the pin 11b to turn the sector lever 11 clockwise so that the sectoral plate 9 is pushed away to disclose the movable optical passage. The light informations of the movable optical passage are reflected by the half mirror 10 to the photoelectric elements 32 which convert the light informations to corresponding electrical signals transmitted to the information processing circuit 33. 
     As the actuating member 7 travels further, a bent part 7b having a cam slot starts turning the movable mirror 8, simultaneously with the start of the movable mirror 8, the contact piece 7e comes in contact with the series of contact points 12b of the switch base plate 12 and the angle of rotation of the movable mirror 8 is transmitted to the information processing circuit 33 in the corresponding electric signals, such as electric pulses. 
     Accordingly, when the light information of the movable optical passage agrees with the previously memorized light information of the stationary optical passage, the angle of rotation of the movable mirror 8 at this moment is memorized by the information processing circuit 33 in the form of electric signals, such as a number of pulses. 
     When the actuating member 7 reaches a position after turning the movable mirror 8 for a previously fixed angle corresponding to 7covering the minimum range and the infinite range, the face a of the actuating member 7 pushes the pin 5c to turn the intermediate lever 5 counterclockwise to cause the pin 5d of the intermediate layer 5 to operate the breaking member 18. In the event that the shutter releasing member 4 descends slowly relative to the speed controlled by the breaking member 18, the arm 5b of the intermediate layer 5 is controlled by the pin 4c of the shutter release member 4, consequently, the travelling speed of the actuating member 7 is determined by the descending speed of the shutter releasing member 4. 
     In the event that the shutter releasing member 4 descends fast relative to the speed controlled by the braking member 18, the actuating member 7 is allowed to travel under control of the braking member 18 thereafter. 
     The actuating member 7 continues to travel under control of the breaking member 18 and the cam face 7d thereof comes in contact with the pin 14d of the lens stopping member 14 thereby starting clockwise rotation of the lens stopping member 14. Practically at the same time, the contact piece 7e of the actuating member 7 comes in contact with the contact points 12c of the switch base plate 12 to transmit an electric signal, such as pulses, corresponding to the angle of rotation of the lens stopping member 14 to the information processing circuit 33. When this electric signal and the electrical signal corresponding to the angle of rotation of the movable mirror 8 and previously memorized by the information processing circuit 33 coincide, the information processing circuit 33 produces a signal to cut off electricity supply to the electromagnet 17 so that the retention of the armature 16c is cancelled. The main spring 16f, having previously been strained by the pin 4c of the shutter releasing member 4 with a springing force exceeding the counter force of the resetting spring 16g, effects clockwise turning of the armature lever 16 when the armature 16c is released. 
     According to the counterclockwise rotation of the armature lever 16, the arm 16b of the armature lever 16 escapes from the projection 15b of the stopping piece 15 allowing clockwise rotation of the stopping piece 15 so that the pawl 15c stops the lens stopping member 14 engaging with the stopping teeth 14c. As the clockwise rotation of the lens stopping member is checked, the actuating member 7 also is stopped as the cam face 7d of the actuating member 7 is obstructed by the pin 14d of the lens stopping member 14. The photographing range is indicated by a range indicating mechanism, not shown, coupled with the bent part 7f of the actuating member 7. 
     Before explaining the operations which take place by the further depression of the shutter releasing member 4, explanation will be given of the operation of the mechanism caused by return motion of the shutter releasing member 4 from the position as described hereinbefore. 
     When the depression on the shutter releasing member 4 is cancelled while the shutter releasing member is in the range of its first stage of movement, the shutter releasing member 4 starts moving upwards by the pulling force exerted by the spring 4a, then the intermediate layer 5 is turned clockwise being pushed by the pin 4c at the arm 5b, and subsequently, the pin 5c of the intermediate lever 5 pushes the actuating member 7 at the face 7a  so that the actuating member 7 is returned to the initial position straining the spring 7k. Consequently, the movable mirror 8, the sectoral plate 9 and the contact piece 7e are allowed to return to the initial position. 
     The bent part 5e of the intermediate lever 5 moves over the projection 6b of the stopper 6 so that the stopper 6 is allowed to return to the intermediate lever checking position. 
     According to the return of the intermediate lever 5 to the initial position, the breaking member 18, which has been applying a braking force to the intermediate lever 5 at the pin 5d is reset to the original position by the spring 18b. 
     The armature lever 16 is returned to the initial position by the spring 16g as the spring force applied to the armature lever 16 by the main spring 16f at the pin 16e is cancelled according to the upward movement of the pin 4c of the shutter releasing member 4. Following the resetting motion of the armature lever 16, the stopping piece 15 is turned counterclockwise and the lens stopping member 14 is allowed to return to the initial position being pulled by the spring 14e. 
     Returning to the explanation on the operation of the device after the actuating member 7 has been stopped, as the shutter releasing member 4 is depressed still further to being a second stage of forward movement, the projection 4b of the shutter releasing member 4 pushes the stopper 3 at the bent part 3d to turn the stopper counterclockwise. As the other bent part 3c of the stopper 3 escapes from the shoulder part 1a of the charging member 1, the charging member 1 is allowed to start travelling by the pulling force exerted by the spring 1e. Subsequently, the restraint on the focus adjusting member 13 at the pin 13b by the projection 1b of the charging member 1 is cancelled so that the focus adjusting member 13 is allowed to turn counterclockwise by the biasing force of the spring 13c until one of the steps of the step cam 13a corresponding to the previously fixed position of the bent part 14a of the lens stopping member 14 comes to engage with the bent part 14b, thus completing the focus adjustment of the lens. 
     The charging member 1 continues to travel further and actuates the shutter, not shown, near the end of its travel, thus completing the exposure operation. 
     When the depression on the shutter releasing member 4 is removed at the completion of the exposure operation, the shutter releasing member 4 starts moving upwards, then the armature lever 16 begins to turn clockwise being pulled by the spring 16g as the pin 4c separates from the main spring 16f cancelling the strain of the main spring 16f, however, this clockwise rotation of the armature lever 16 is checked by the stopping piece 15 which is retained at the operating position with the pawl 15c constrained by one of the stopping teeth 14c of the lens stopping member 14 which is pressed by the focus adjusting member 13 through the engagement of the bent part 14b and the step cam 13a. Accordingly, the focus adjusting member 13 remains at the present position keeping the lens at the corresponding focused position as the lens stopping member 14 keeps constraining the stopping piece 15 until the focus adjusting member 13 is recharged for the next exposure-taking operation. 
     The device according to the present invention enables the actuating member to be returned to the initial position from any position during the operation of the shutter releasing member before the start of the focus adjusting member (before the shutter releasing member actuates the charging member), therefore, interruption of photographing or repetition of range measurement is possible. 
     Furthermore, range measurement is performed within a short period of time as the actuating member operates at an extremely high speed in the range measurement process, therefore, the device of this invention is useful for photographing moving objects. 
     Still further, the actuating member travels at a speed controlling by the braking device or at a speed proportional to the speed of the shutter releasing member when the shutter releasing member is pushed downwards at a relatively high speed or at a relatively low speed, respectively, therefore, the operating speed of the lens stopping member is controlled under a fixed speed so that the lens stopping member is securely stopped at the focus positions. 
     Furthermore, photographing range can be indicated by coupling a range indicating device with the actuating member as the actuating member is stopped interlocking with the lens stopping member checking operation. 
     The described invention provides a precision, highly accessible, simply constructed and reliable automatic focusing device for a camera.