Abstract:
An improved method and apparatus for injection molding is shown which utilizes an injection molding or plasticizing unit in combination with a novel detachable clamping unit to provide a readily interchangeable clamping unit having easy access to both halves of the injection mold.

Description:
This application is claiming the benefit, under U.S.C. §119(e), of the provisional application filed Jul. 9, 1999 under 35 U.S.C. §111(b), which was granted a Ser. No. 60/143,116. The provisional application, No. 60/143,116, is hereby incorporated by reference. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The present invention relates to an improved apparatus for injection molding of thermoplastic materials. More particularly, the present invention relates to an improved apparatus for injection molding having an improved clamping unit with fully accessible molding dies. Most particularly, the present invention relates to an improved apparatus for injection molding which comprises an injection molding or plasticizing unit in combination with a novel detachable clamping unit to provide a readily interchangeable clamping unit having easy access to both halves of the injection mold. 
     2. Discussion of the Related Art 
     Injection molding has long been a preferred method of molding where high production rates, fully automatic operation, and reduced material costs are considerations. Further, a wide range and combination of colors can be molded. Materials customarily molded by the injection method includes cellulose acetates, cellulose acetatebutyrate, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, acrylic and vinylide chlorides. 
     The presently known injection molding machine consists of two basic components. The injection or plasticizing unit, and the clamping unit. The injection unit is where the raw material, usually in pellet form, is converted, melted, or plasticized to a condition where it can be injected into the mold. A reciprocating screw is used to convey the material to the front of the screw. Once the material has collected in front of the screw, hydraulic pressure forces the sprue forward, thereby injecting the plastic into the mold. 
     The clamping unit is the mechanism on which the molding dies are mounted, and applies the force to the mold during the injection cycle to prevent the molds from being forced apart. Injection molding pressures can exceed 30,000 pounds per square inch, so the clamp must be able to maintain high pressure in order to keep the mold closed during injection. 
     Injection molding machines are widely known in the art. Commonly used injection molding machines are those available from Hettinga Equipment, Inc., Des Moines, Iowa 50332, Cincinnati Milicron, Batavia, Ohio 45103, Husky Injection Molding Systems, Inc., Bolton Ontario, Canada L7E, 5S5, and Toshiba Machine Company of America, Elk Grove Village, Ill. 60007. 
     However, in spite of their popularity, injection molding machines have certain disadvantages because of their large size and the high pressures used in injection molding. This has led to rather large, high cost units with fairly inaccessible molding dies. Even though injection molding may be favored for certain applications the fact that the dies are not easily accessible or interchangeable limits such application. 
     Also, because injection molding machines are rather large, and not easily moveable, they are usually located some distance away from the end user of injection molded parts. They are not easily located near the end user, or on a production line, for example. 
     In addition, since the injection molding apparatus includes a moving platen and a stationary platen, the mold parts are in a closely spaced, opposed, relationship, and such injection molding machines can not easily be used for other than the making of an entire thermoplastic part. For example, they can not easily be used for molding, for example, a polyvinyl chloride part onto a sheet of material, because the sheet of material can not easily be inserted in the mold cavity. 
     Thus, those skilled in the art have continued to search for a way to provide an injection molding unit which is lighter, of a smaller size, has full access to the molding dies, can “mold onto” another part, can be used at or near the point of need, and has easily changeable or interchangeable clamping units to provide for quick changeover between parts with minimal downtime of the injection or plasticizing unit. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The aforementioned problems are addressed in accordance with the present invention by replacing the known clamping units available in the injection molding units available from the aforementioned manufacturers with a horizontal booking press to provide a novel apparatus and method not heretofore found in the prior art. 
     In one embodiment of the invention, a horizontal booking press is connected to a plasticizing or injection molding unit. 
     In a further embodiment of the invention, the horizontal booking press has a moving or moveable mold platen which may hold, or have affixed to, or carry a base portion of a mold or molds. A second or door platen may hold, have affixed to, or carry a core or cavity portion of a mold or molds. The second or door platen is hingedly mounted to swing open and closed like a cover of a book with respect to the moveable mold platen. 
     In a still further embodiment of the invention the moveable mold platen is reciprocated by means known in the art. 
     In a still further embodiment of the invention the moveable mold platen is reciprocated or moved by a rack and pinion arrangement. 
     In a still further embodiment of the invention the moveable mold platen is reciprocated or moved by a ball screw arrangement. 
     In a still further embodiment of the invention, an injection molding apparatus of the foregoing nature is provided in which the horizontal booking press is light in weight and easily moveable from place to place as needed. 
     In a further embodiment of the present invention, an injection molding apparatus of the foregoing nature is provided wherein the whole horizontal booking press is interchangeable with other horizontal booking presses as needed. 
     In another embodiment of the invention a selfcontained injection molding apparatus of the foregoing nature is provided. 
     Thus, one of the objects of the present invention is to provide a novel molding method and apparatus for injection molding a part. 
     Another object of the present invention is to provide an injection molding apparatus which has fully accessible mold portions. 
     Another object of the present invention is to provide a portable, self-contained injection molding apparatus which may produce a part at the site where it is needed, or sufficiently nearby, to essentially save the cost of shipping manufactured parts to the site. 
     Another object of the present invention is to provide an injection molding apparatus which can injection mold plastic parts onto other parts which may be inserted into the fully accessible mold or mold portion or portions. 
     Further object and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following description and appended claims, reference being made to the accompanying drawings forming a part of the specification, wherein like reference characters designate corresponding parts in the several views. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a construction embodying the present invention. 
     FIG. 2 is a plan view, partially broken away, of the construction shown in FIG.  1 . 
     It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited in its application to the details of construction and arrangement of parts illustrated in the accompanying drawings, since the invention is capable of other embodiments, and being practiced or carried out in various ways within the scope of the claims. Also, it is to be understood that the phraseology and terminology employed herein is for the purpose of description, and not of limitation. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     In order to solve the aforementioned problems in the prior art injection molding units, applicants have replaced the clamping units in the injection molding units available in the prior art with horizontal booking presses, also known in the art. 
     As previously noted, prior injection molding machines have been large, heavy and not readily moveable except, for example, by overhead cranes, or the like. The injection molding unit of the subject injection molding apparatus weighs, on the order of, 10,000-12,000 pounds. A typical clamping unit which may be joined with the injection molding unit weighs, on the order of, 15,000-17,000 pounds. Thus, each component of the subject injection molding unit, or the components connected together may be moved by a standard forklift truck which is used in manufacturing facilities. Such forklift trucks typically have a lifting capacity of at least 30,000 pounds. 
     Horizontal booking units are available from Con-Tek Machine, Inc., St. Paul, Minn. 55110; Cannon USA, Mars, Pa. 16046; and Hi-Tech Engineering Company, Grand Rapids, Mich. 49512. These horizontal booking presses may be permanently connected to the injection or plasticizing unit in the injection molding apparatus, or may be separate and used with a stand alone injection molding units. 
     In the preferred embodiment to be described below the horizontal booking press is mounted in a fixed relationship to a stand alone injection molding unit. Both units, for example, may be separately connected to the factory floor, or the units may be connected to each other. In either case, the horizontal booking press should be removably connected so that the booking presses may be quickly interchangeable to provide for a quick change over in the parts being produced with minimal down time of the stand alone injection molding unit. In addition to, or as an alternative, the injection molding dies should be quickly and easily mountable and demountable from their platens. 
     More specifically, the injection molding unit of the present invention may be disconnected from one clamping unit and replaced with a second clamping unit in less than 45 minutes, or if such operation is performed by experienced personnel, such a changeover in clamping units may be accomplished in less than 30 minutes. 
     Further, the fixed and complimentary molds may be demounted from the fixed platen and door platen, respectively, and fixed and complimentary mold, one or both of which may be different from the molds removed, mounted in their place on the fixed and door platens in less than 30minutes. This time is substantially less than the 60 minutes required for mold replacement on conventional presses. 
     Referring now to FIG. 1, there is shown in improved injection molding apparatus  20  embodying the present invention. The injection molding apparatus  20  will have an injection or plasticizing unit  21 , such as a stand alone injection molding unit  22 , and a clamping unit  23  such as the horizontal booking press  24 . The stand alone injection molding unit  22  has a feed hopper  25  and other associated apparatus which reciprocates on rails  26  mounted to the base  27  of the injection molding unit  22 . 
     Attached to the feed hopper and related apparatus is reciprocating barrel and screw assembly  30 . An injection nozzle  31  is mounted to the barrel and screw assembly  30 . Thus, the injection or plasticizing unit  21  comprises mainly the feed hopper  25 , a reciprocating screw and barrel assembly  30 , and the nozzle  31 . The nozzle  31  connects the barrel to the sprue bushing  32 . The sprue bushing  32  is mounted to the fixed platen  33 , and is in fluid communication through the sprue  34  with the mold cavity C in fixed mold  35 . Fixed mold  35  is mounted to frame  36  of the stand alone injection molding unit  22 . The frame  36  may be fixedly mounted to the factory floor in a fixed relationship to the base  27 , or may be connected by suitable means to the base  27 . 
     Moving or door platen  40  is connected by means of a hinge  41  to the frame  36  of the horizonal booking press  24 . The hinge  41  is positioned so that the door platen  40  moves in relationship to the fixed platen  30  like the cover of a book opens and closes with respect to the rest of the book. This provides that the door platen  40  may rotate 180° or more, and preferably at least 90°, with respect to the fixed platen  33 . The moving or door platen  40  may be manually operated or may be opened or closed by any suitable means known in the art. As with the injection molding unit  22 , the control systems associated with the horizontal booking press  24  are well known in the art, and need not be described in detail herein. 
     Mounted to the door platen  40  is a complimentary shaped mold portion  43 . The door platen  26 , and thus the complimentary shaped mold portion  43 , closes into position above the fixed mold  35  mounted to the fixed platen  33 . In the preferred embodiment, because of the fully accessible nature of the mold cavity C in the fixed mold  35 , a sheet of material S may be inserted into the mold cavity C and be held in place by vacuum heads  45  before the door platen  40  swings shut. The sheet S may fully or partially fill the mold cavity C. It should also be understood that the sheet S is not necessary, and the mold cavity C may be such as to form a thermoplastic part without molding that part onto another object such as sheet S. 
     In operation the nozzle  31  will be retracted from the sprue bushing  32 , and the door platen  40 , and thus, the complimentary shaped mold portion  43 , will be rotated away from the sixth mold portion  35 . A sheet of material S, such as glass, will be placed in the mold cavity C and held in place by vacuum head  45 . Door platen  40  will be closed, bringing mold portion  43  into a closed relationship with fixed mold  35 . Nozzle  31  will then advance into sprue bushing  32  and connect the nozzle  31  through the sprue  34  with the mold cavity C. Injection molding material will be injected into mold cavity C to injection mold a part onto sheet S. Fixed mold  35  may be heated and/or cooled during the injection molding process in a manner well known in the art. Nozzle  31  will be retracted, door platen  40  will opened, and sheet S will be removed with the injection molded part formed thereon. 
     In accordance with the provisions of the patent statutes, the present invention has been described in what is considered to represent its preferred embodiment. However, it should be noted that the invention can be practiced otherwise than as specifically illustrated and described without departing from its spirit or scope.