Abstract:
An optical cross connect ( 40 ) includes a database ( 44 ) which associates each of its outgoing OSCs (Optical Service Channels) with Section Traces corresponding to the ports serviced by the OSC. Periodically, the optical cross connect ( 40 ) transmits the associated Section Traces over each OSC to inform a receiving optical cross connect ( 40 ) of the channels in the channel group associated with the OSC. Any changes in configuration of the outgoing channels of an optical cross connect cause the Section Traces to be updated automatically.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS  
         [0001]    Not Applicable  
         STATEMENT OF FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT  
         [0002]    Not Applicable  
         BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0003]    1. Technical Field  
           [0004]    This invention relates in general to telecommunications and, more particularly, to optical cross-connects.  
           [0005]    2. Description of the Related Art  
           [0006]    Network Service Providers (NSPs) use DWDMs (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexers) to gain efficiencies in fiber utilization. A DWDM multiplexes multiple channels onto an optical fiber (or demultiplexes multiple channels from an optical fiber), with each channel being transmitted at a unique frequency.  
           [0007]    [0007]FIG. 1 illustrates a general block diagram showing the routing of traffic through an optical cross connect (OXC)  10 . For purposes of illustration, DWDMs are shown herein as separate multiplexing functions (DWDMs  12 ) and demultiplexing functions (DWDMs  16 ), although in an actual implementation, a single DWDM generally performs both functions. Multiplexing DWDMs  12  multiplex multiple channels from an OXC  10  onto a fiber  14 . Channels from an incoming signal on fibers  14  are received by demultiplexing DWDMs  16 , which demultiplex the signals from the incoming line into the constituent wavelengths (λ1−λn). For purposes of illustrations, n is an arbitrary number that may be different for each DWDM  12  and  16 . Each wavelength corresponds to a channel; incoming communications on the separated channels are received at ports  18  and outgoing communications are output at ports  20 . Each channel may be referenced by its wavelength Xx.  
           [0008]    The OXC  10  is programmed to switch signals at each of its incoming ports  18  to a desired output port  20 . The signals at the output ports  20  are coupled to one or more DWDMs  12 , each of which multiplex the channels onto a single fiber  14 . The layer of the network provided by the DWDM, comprising a fiber  14  carrying multiple wavelengths (each dedicated to a channel), is referred to herein as the Optical Multiplex Section (OMS).  
           [0009]    Development is ongoing in optical network standards and optical channel overhead. In ITU (International Telecommunication Union) specification G.709, overhead associated with the channels on a fiber can be either associated (i.e., directly mapped in-band to the channel) or non-associated (i.e., passed over a channel shared by all the channels on the fiber). The common channel is referred to as the OSC (Optical Service Channel). The types of overhead that may be passed over the OSC have not yet been identified, but will likely include information on OMS status, maintenance requests, and network topology information, such as ring maps.  
           [0010]    [0010]FIG. 2 illustrates a block diagram showing DWDM connections between two OXCs  10 . As can be seen, the OSC channel is multiplexed onto the fiber  14  along with the traffic channels.  
           [0011]    A major problem is illustrated in connection with FIG. 3. FIG. 3 illustrates an OXC  10  receiving signals from multiple network elements  30 . The handling of the individual optical channels for a network element  30  is performed in the network element&#39;s OXC  10 . An OXC  10  may receive OSC channels from multiple DWDMs  12  and multiple network elements  30 . In the illustration of FIG. 3, OXC  10  (of Network Element0) receives four OSCs from three Network Elements  30  (Network Element1 uses two DWDMs, and hence two OSCs, to communicate with Network Element0). OSC information is usually brought to a common LAN  32 , which transfers the various OSC messages to the OXC  10 .  
           [0012]    One problem with this approach is that the association between OSC information received by the OXC  10  over the LAN  32  is no longer physically tied to its source; the information may be coming from any one of a number OSCs associated with respective DWDMs  12 . It should be noted that mere association of the traffic channels with a network element  30  is insufficient, since multiple OSCs may pass between a pair of network elements  30  (as shown between “Network Element0” and “Network Element1”). The prevailing approach has been to create an association by provisioning via user commands. For example, each OSC has a node on the LAN that can be uniquely identified, for example, with an IP address. When a DWDM  12  is connected to a OXC  10 , a database associated with the OXC is manually updated to indicate which port on the OXC corresponds to each IP address and channel designation.  
           [0013]    Unfortunately, the approach is fraught with potential errors. For example, if port assignments are switched between traffic channels, a human error in re-provisioning the OXC, or a failure to re-provision the OXC, can cause OSC information to be mismatched with the intended channel. Further, excessive re-provisioning wastes human resources.  
           [0014]    Therefore, a need has arisen for an association mechanism between non-associated control information and OXC ports that avoids unnecessary manual provisioning.  
         BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0015]    In the present invention, a network element in a communication network comprises a cross connect having multiple ports for transmitting data, each port having an associated section trace, circuitry for associating an outgoing optical service channel with a set of section traces corresponding to output ports associated with the optical service channel, and circuitry for periodically transmitting the associated section traces over the outgoing optical service channel.  
           [0016]    The present invention provides advantages over the prior art. Providing an association between an OSC and the Section Traces assigned to the channels covered by the OSC eliminates some of the manual provisioning that would be required by explicit operation intervention for a provisioned OSC. Provisioning is entirely eliminated at the destination side of the OCS and optical channels. The association provides a way to continually verify the association to either alert the operation whenever there is an unexpected change or to automatically redefine the association.  
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0017]    For a more complete understanding of the present invention, and the advantages thereof, reference is now made to the following descriptions taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:  
         [0018]    [0018]FIG. 1 illustrates a general block diagram showing the routing of traffic through an optical cross connect (OXC);  
         [0019]    [0019]FIG. 2 illustrates a block diagram showing DWDM connections between two OXCs;  
         [0020]    [0020]FIG. 3 illustrates an OXC receiving OSCs from four DWDMs associated with three different network elements;  
         [0021]    [0021]FIGS. 4 a  and  4   b  illustrate normal use of a Section Trace to verify proper connections between ports;  
         [0022]    [0022]FIG. 5 illustrates a block diagram of an OXC that uses the Section Trace in order to provide accurate communication of non-associated messages over the OSC;  
         [0023]    [0023]FIGS. 6 a  and  6   b  illustrate two database embodiments that could be used to associate Section Traces with OSCs; and  
         [0024]    [0024]FIG. 7 illustrates periodic transmission of the Section Traces assigned to an OSC.  
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
       [0025]    The present invention is best understood in relation to FIGS.  1 - 7  of the drawings, like numerals being used for like elements of the various drawings.  
         [0026]    The present invention uses a Section Trace for automatic correlation of OCS information and its associated port on a OXC  10 . The concept of a Section Trace is rooted not only in optical networks, but in legacy SONET and SDH networks as well. A Section Trace is used to verify correct facility connectivity between adjacent, Section or Regenerator Section overhead terminating, network elements. In essence, each connection between OXC ports of respective network elements has a unique Section Trace assignment. The Section Trace, which is embedded in the data frame, is periodically transmitted from a sending port to a receiving port of adjacent OXCs; if the Section Trace does not match the expected Section Trace, an error occurs, and is immediately reported, and the connection is taken down.  
         [0027]    With regard to ITU standard G.709, Optical Transport Architectrue specification, the Section Trace must be (among other factors): (1) globally unique in its layer network and (2) invariant while the access point remains in existence. The main requirement is that the Section Trace be unique. As stated in G.709, “the unique access point code shall be a matter for the organization to which the country code and ITU carrier code have been assigned, provided that uniqueness is guaranteed.” 
         [0028]    A normal use of the Section Trace is shown in connection with FIGS. 4 a  and  4   b . In this example, a sending OXC  10   a  has ports C and D coupled to a DWDM  12 . The channels corresponding to ports C and D on OXC  10   a  terminate on ports F and G of OXC  10   b . These channels will be referred to as channel λ 3  (from port C to port F) and channel λ 4  (from port D to port G). Channels λ 3  and λ 4  are multiplexed onto fiber  14  using DWDM  12  of OXC  10   a  and demultiplexed by using DWDM  16  of OXC  10   b  (it should be noted that the Section Trace is also used in links between network elements  30  in other configurations where dense wavelength multiplexing is not used).  
         [0029]    During operation, the sending OXC  10   a  periodically outputs the Section Trace for each channel, normally a 16-byte message with one byte transmitted per frame. As shown in the example of FIG. 4 a , a Section Trace of “XY123 PF” is sent of channel λ 3  and a Section Trace of “DL987GG” is sent over channel λ 3 . As each Section Trace is received by a port of the receiving OXC  10   b , it is compared to the Section Trace provisioned for that port. If the Section Trace is different than the provisioned Section Trace, an alarm sounds and communication over the channel is terminated. Thus, if a Section Trace other than “XY123 PF” is received on port F of OXC  10   b , an error situation occurs. Similarly, if a Section Trace other than “DL987GG” is received on port G of OXC  10   b , an error situation occurs.  
         [0030]    If, as shown in the example of FIG. 4 b , an inadvertent disconnection occurred on ports F and G of OXC  10   b , and channel λ 3  was coupled to port G and channel λ 4  was coupled to port F, then port F would begin to receive Section Traces of “DL987GG” and port G would begin to receive Section Traces of “XY123 PF”. In this case, alarms would be generated for both channels and communication over both channels would cease.  
         [0031]    Accordingly, the Section Trace ensures that proper port-to-port connections between adjacent OXCs are maintained at all times. If there are changes in the connections, it is mandatory that the Section Trace information be updated on both network elements.  
         [0032]    [0032]FIG. 5 illustrates a block diagram of an OXC  40 , which can be used in a network element  30 , that uses the Section Trace in order to provide accurate association of non-associated messages, such as common restoration status, over the OSC. The OXC  40  includes database circuitry  42  that associates one or more OSCs transmitted from the OXC  40  with the Section Traces associated with each OSC.  
         [0033]    In operation, Section Trace information is used to correlate messages on the OSC with their intended channels. Whenever there is an intentional change of channel connections at either a receiving or sending OXC  40 , the Section Trace will be re-provisioned in accordance with normal, and mandatory, procedures described above. Failure to re-provision the Section Trace for the affected ports would cause an alarm, using already existing procedures. Thus, whenever a Section Trace is re-provisioned, the database  42  is automatically updated. By using the Section Traces to correlate non-associated messages with their intended ports, provisioning the Section Traces to ensure proper connections between OXCs  40  automatically updates the correlations between ports and non-associated messages.  
         [0034]    [0034]FIGS. 6 a  and  6   b  illustrate two embodiments that could be used for the database  42 . In FIG. 6 a , the database  42  includes a first table  44  that associates port and DWDM assignments and a second table  46  that associates port and Section Trace assignments. The first table  44  and second table  46  could be the same or similar to the information structure of the type already used to store the Section Trace associated with each port. In the present invention, the first table  44  and second table  46  are related by port designation, such that a query can determine the DWDM and the Section Trace assigned to a given port.  
         [0035]    In FIG. 6 b , a single table  48  relates each port to a DWDM and a Section Trace. Thus, table  48  has a record corresponding to each port. Each record has fields identifying a DWDM and a Section Trace.  
         [0036]    As shown in FIG. 7, each OSC periodically transmits the Section Traces assigned to each of its associated ports  20 . An OXC  40  receiving a list of Section Traces from one or more OSCs, identifies each OSC by its MAC (Media Access Control) address on the LAN  32 , or other identifier, and builds a table  46  (see FIG. 5) associating each OSC with its channels. The OXC  40  therefore knows the channel groups associated with any messages sent over the OSC. The incoming table  40  can be initially set up either by using the provisioned expected Section Traces or by using the actual received Section Traces. In either case, the continually received Section Traces serve as a method of continually verifying the presumed association. If a trace unexpectedly changes, the receiving OXC  40  can either alert the user and wait to be reprovisioned (which is already required in present deployments) or update the incoming table  46  with the new channel&#39;s location.  
         [0037]    The above assumes the most general case, where there is no forced association between an OSC and its channels. The general case would occur where there is external equipment, i.e., DWDMs, forming the OMS. For an OXC  40  with equipment partitioned such that the DWDM function is contained within an equipment shelf, the administrative processor controlling the OSC would know which channels share the same OSC without reference to a database as shown in FIGS. 6 a - b.    
         [0038]    The transmission of the Section Traces under normal operating conditions by each OSC can occur infrequently (once per second, or longer). An update is necessary only when there is a change which affects the Section Traces, such as an addition or deletion of a channel, or a change in the channel&#39;s section trace. The databases at both the sending and receiving OXC  40  are automatically updated by the mandatory provisioning of the Section Traces already required when a change is made.  
         [0039]    The present invention provides advantages over the prior art. Providing an association between an OSC and the Section Traces assigned to the channels covered by the OSC eliminates the additional manual provisioning that would be required by explicit operation intervention for a provisioned OSC. The only provisioning which must be performed is the setting of Section Traces and assigning the channels to DWDMs; however, this is provisioning that is required independent of the association between Section Traces and OSCs—thus this association is provided without any additional effort. Provisioning is entirely eliminated at the destination side of the OCS and optical channels. The association provides a way to continually verify the association to either alert the operation whenever there is an unexpected change or to automatically redefine the association. It allows the non-associated overhead to be mapped to the appropriate channels.  
         [0040]    Although the Detailed Description of the invention has been directed to certain exemplary embodiments, various modifications of these embodiments, as well as alternative embodiments, will be suggested to those skilled in the art. The invention encompasses any modifications or alternative embodiments that fall within the scope of the claims.