Abstract:
A communication network used to link information handling systems together utilizes a switching network to transmit data among senders and receivers. Each individual packet of data is described and controlled by an FCB. The bandwidth associated with the storing and distribution of data is optimized by chaining the data packets in different types of queues, or operating without chaining outside a queue. When a frame is in an output queue, the third word contains an RFCBA for egress of the frame to a line port, and an MCID for ingress from an output queue to a switch port. The RFCBA and the MCID have multicast capabilities. The format does not require a third word when a frame is in an input queue.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
   This invention relates to network communication systems. More particularly, it relates to the use of frame control blocks to describe data packets. It also relates to the manipulation of frame control blocks to optimize the format for different uses of some frame control block fields and for maintaining consistent formats between low and high end configurations. 
   BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
   With the worldwide interconnection of computers through the Internet, bandwidth is considered to be a critical resource. The increasing amount of network traffic driven by the net and other emerging applications is straining the capacity of network infrastructures. To keep pace, better technologies are constantly being sought to support and manage traffic growth. 
   The discussion which follows presupposes knowledge of network data communications, and switches and routers as used in communication networks. A fundamental understanding of bits, bytes, packets and frames in network communication is also helpful for the discussion that follows. 
   A switching network has switching points or nodes for transmission of data among senders and receivers connected to the network. The switching performed by these switching points is, in fact, the action of passing packets or “frames” of data received by a switching point or node to a further node in the network. This switching action is the means by which communication data is moved through a packet switching network. 
   Each node may comprise a packet processor configured to process the packets or frames of data. The packet processor may contain a data storage unit, such as a DRAM, configured with a plurality of buffers to store frame data. Each frame of data may be associated with a frame control block configured to describe the corresponding frame. Each frame control block may be associated with one or more buffer control blocks, wherein each buffer control block associated with a frame control block may be associated with a buffer in a data storage unit. Buffer control blocks and frame control blocks comprise various fields of information, wherein these fields are each supplied by a separate memory in the packet processor. Thus, the fields of information in the frame control blocks and the buffer control blocks may be obtained by accessing a separate memory in the packet processor. 
   SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
   The present invention relates to a communication network apparatus, such as the type used to link together information handling systems or computers of various types and capabilities, and to counterparts of such apparatus. In particular, the invention relates to the improved and multifunctional interface device and to methods of operating such a device to improve the data flow handling capability of network switches. 
   Throughout this description, the following terms are described as noted
     AAL 5  ATM adaptation word  5     ATM asynchronous transfer mode   BCB buffer control block   BCNT byte count, i.e. the total number of bytes in a packet   EBP ending byte position   FBA first buffer address   FCB frame control block, i.e. a descriptor of a frame in a network processor   FQCB flow queue control block   Frame packet of data   GQ G queue or temporary storage for a frame; an input queue of the network processor   LBA last buffer address   LWM longest word match   MC multicast   MCIC multicast instance counter   MCID multicast ID   MO mode, a two-bit field indicating the type of frame control block pointed at by the RFCBA field   NFA next frame control box address   QCB queue control block   RFCBA reference frame control block address   SBP starting byte position or segmentation control block   TB a bit representing a transient buffer. This is a buffer that is “transient”, i.e. does not need to be retained after the end of transmission of its data, but instead can be released immediately.   TPQ an output queue of a network processor   TY Type. This is a two-bit field indicating the type of the frame associated to the FCB.   

   The present invention relates to the structuring of frame control blocks in a flexible format that allows frame description and manipulation. The frame control block describes a frame which is a discrete packet of data. The frame control blocks are organized to efficiently describe in different ways a data packet that can be chained in different types of queues, or can operate without chaining outside a queue. In this manner, the bandwidth of a control store can be optimized. The invention applies to buffer control blocks as well as frame control blocks. 
   Because messages are transient by nature, the present invention also reuses a field of a message to hold working information during a packet process. In addition, functions, such as ATM segmentation and reassembly, can reuse part of a frame control block when a frame is not ready for data movement. The invention supports system scalability by widening frame control block memory. 
   The invention also relates to a network communication system having an integrated circuit that provides capabilities for frame control blocks in a network architecture. Each frame control block contains information describing and managing a frame or packet of data. The FCB has a flexible format for a specified description and manipulation of the associated frame. The flexible format comprises multiple fields in one or more words, the fields containing information based upon the location of the frame. When the frame is in the output queue of a network processor, the processor contains a reference frame control block address for egress of the frame to a line port and a multicast identification for ingress from an output queue to a switch port. The reference frame control block address and multicast identification counter both have multicast capabilities. Most often, the frame is to be unicast, requiring an FCB format using two words. On the other hand, if the frame is to be multicast on the output line port or switch port, a third word is used. 
   When the frame is in the input queue of a network processor, the format does not require access to a third word, and does not require multicast capabilities or an end byte position locator. This format is useful for asynchronous transfer mode segmentation and reassembly and internet protocol reassembly for describing and controlling discrete data frames. In addition to the structure, the invention likewise relates to the method of using the frame control blocks and buffer control blocks in a flexible format to allow more efficient description and manipulation of frames. 
   The invention also relates to an article of manufacture which comprises a medium containing a computer readable program. When executed on a computer, the program causes the computer to execute operations that serve to increase the bandwidth available for describing and controlling data packets within a computer. The program provides commands for frame control blocks and buffer control blocks in the network processor. It also provides each control block with a description and management of a data packet for each frame control block. It provides each control block with a flexible format comprising multiple fields containing information based upon the location of a data packet. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     The drawings are presented to facilitate the understanding of the present invention without intending to limit the scope thereof. These drawings are briefly described as follows: 
       FIGS. 1 and 2  show a generic format for a frame control block for a template having either one million or two million frames; 
       FIGS. 3 and 4  show a frame control block wherein a packet is in an output queue of a network processor; 
       FIG. 5  shows a frame control block wherein a packet is in an input queue of a network processor; 
       FIGS. 6 and 7  show a frame control block wherein a packet is in a reference frame or a static frame; 
       FIGS. 8 and 9  show a frame control block wherein a packet is being segmented; 
       FIGS. 10 and 11  show a frame control block wherein a packet is being reassembled; 
       FIGS. 12 and 13  show a frame control block wherein a packet is being reassembled for IP; 
       FIGS. 14 and 15  show a frame control block wherein a packet is in the free queue; and 
       FIG. 16  shows a typical medium for storage of the programs that are useful with the present invention. 
   

   DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
   The invention defines a format of frame control blocks that is both flexible and efficient in a communication system. An FCB is associated with each packet handled by the network processor and contains all the control information needed to describe and manage the packet (e.g. chaining pointer, packet length, etc . . . ). The frame control block may contain a next pointer field that gives the address of the next FCB in the queue. It does not, however, include any additional information relating to the next frame in a queue, but to the current frame that it defines and over which it exercises control. 
   Turning now to the drawings,  FIGS. 1 and 2  show two (2) templates,  FIG. 1  being used for a smaller system configuration supporting up to one million packets, and  FIG. 2  used for a system configuration supporting up to two million packets. This is a flexibility feature that is built into the invention, recognizing that less memory area is needed to handle a template having one million packets instead of two million packets. 
     FIG. 1  shows an FCB generic format wherein the 36-bit wide memory is sufficient for one million frames while in  FIG. 2 , a template with two million frames (packets) relies on a 48-bit wide control memory. The names of the fields are only typical examples. Some fields are used in different ways as shown in the other drawings. The efficiency of the FCB flexible format is achieved by storing different types of information in some fields of the FCB, depending on where the associated frame is located. For example, in the MO (mode) field, a binary ‘ 00 ’ means that the RFCBA field is not in use; a ‘ 01 ’ means that the frame control block is being used as an ATM segmentation control block; and a ‘ 10 ’ means that the frame control block is a reference FCB of a multicast frame. On the other hand, the TY (type) field is a two-bit field, wherein ‘ 00 ’ indicates a unicast non-static frame; a ‘ 01 ’ represents a multicast non-static frame; a ‘ 10 ’ is a unicast static frame; and a ‘ 11 ’ refers to a multicast static frame. By “static” is meant that the frame must be retained after transmission, whereby its frame control block must not be released to the free queue of the frame control blocks. 
   The network processor includes buffering and queueing structures. A packet can be chained in one of several queues, or it can be totally outside of any queue, for example when it is owned by some control logic that works on the packet (look-up, modification . . . ). Depending on the location of the packet, different control information may be relevant or not. This is why the FCB format is organized so that some fields can be used in different ways as shown in  FIGS. 3 ,  4 , and  6 - 15 . 
     FIGS. 3 and 4  show an FCB format wherein the associated packet is in the TP Queue which is an output queue of the Network Processor. In that case, word # 3  contains RFCBA for egress TPQ to line port, and MCID for ingress TPQ to switch port. RFCBA and MCID both handle packet multicast in different ways because the switch has built-in multicast capability while the line port does not. It should be understood that RFCBA/MCID field is used only if the frame will be multicast on the output line port or switch port. If the frame is just unicast (which is the most frequent case), then this field is not used. 
     FIG. 5  shows an FCB format in which the associated packet is in the G Queue which is an input queue of the network processor. Here, there is no need for any multicast feature. Therefore, the RFCBA or MCID features are not needed. Also, the dequeuer of this queue just needs to read the beginning of the packet and does not care about the exact position of the last byte in the packet. Accordingly, the EBP is not needed. Similarly, the TY, TB, and LWM fields are not used there. Thus, the format of the FCB is such that when the frame is dequeued from the G Queue, the third word of the FCB is not accessed, and bandwidth of the control memory is optimized. 
     FIGS. 6 and 7  show an FCB format having the associated packet in either a “reference frame” or a “static frame”. In both cases, the packet is not queued in any queue, it is only pointed at by a specific pointer stored in other FCBs, such as the RFCBA. Thus, there is no need for chaining pointers. On the other hand, a specific function is performed on such packets. A multicast function relies on a counter that manages the replication of a packet. This counter is then conveniently stored in the unused chaining field. The MCIC occupies the area in word # 1  that is used by NFA (next FCBA address) in regular packets. 
     FIGS. 14 and 15  show an FCB format in which the associated packet is in the free queue of an FCB. The free queue holds all FCBs not assigned yet to any frame. An incoming frame is associated to an FCB leased from the free queue. An outgoing frame gives back its FCB by releasing it into the free queue. The management of FCBs in the free queue is very simple since it has to deal only with the chaining function. This is why only NFA is shown. Then, bandwidth efficiency is achieved because only word # 1  is accessed when leasing or releasing an FCB. 
   Another important feature of the FCB format is that FCBs can be used for other purposes. This is efficient because the same control structure is used for other functions. In particular, no additional free queue is needed (only manage a single free queue of FCBs). The functions that are contemplated are ATM segmentation and reassembly, and IP reassembly. 
     FIGS. 8 and 9  show an FCB format when a packet is being segmented for ATM AAL 5 . When the segmentation logic has been given a packet, it re-uses its FCB so that it can maintain the CRC (in word # 1 ) and the ATM cell header (in word # 3 ). 
     FIGS. 12 and 13  show an FCB format with a packet being reassembled for ATM AAL 5 . The reassembly logic maintains in word # 1  the address of the cell buffer where the previous AAL 5  cell has been received (LBA). 
     FIGS. 12 and 13  show an FCB format when a packet is being reassembled for IP. The reassembly logic maintains in word # 3  the fragment offset of the packet reassembled so far. 
     FIGS. 14 and 15  show the two different templates wherein the FCB format is used in a free queue. 
     FIG. 16  shows a computer-readable medium in the form of a floppy disc  110  for containing the software implementation of the program to carry out the various steps of frame manipulation according to the present invention. Other machine readable storage mediums are fixed hard drives, optical discs, magnetic tapes, semiconductor memories, such as read-only memories (ROMs), programmable (PROMs), etc. The article containing this computer readable code is utilized by executing the code directly from the storage device, or by copying the code from one storage device to another storage device, or by transmitting the code on a network for remote execution. 
   The present invention can be realized in hardware, software, or a combination of the two. Any kind of computer system or other apparatus adapted for carrying out the methods described herein is suited. A typical combination of hardware and software could be a general purpose computer system that, when loaded and executed, controls the computer system such that it carries out the methods described herein. The present invention can also be embedded in a computer program product, which comprises all the features enabling the implementation of the methods described herein, and which, when loaded in a computer system, is able to carry out these methods. 
   Computer program instructions or a computer program in the present context mean any expression, in any language, code (i.e., picocode instructions) or notation, of a set of instructions intended to cause a system having an information processing capability to perform a particular function either directly or after either or both of the following occur: (a) conversion to another language, code or notation; (b) reproduction in a different material form. 
   While the invention has been described in combination with specific embodiments thereof, there are other alternatives, modifications, and variations that are likewise deemed to be within the scope thereof. Accordingly, the invention is intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications and variations as fall within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.