Abstract:
A modular communications connector including a housing defining a plug receiving opening, a conductor carrying sled including a printed circuit board designed in conjunction with a specific conductor design having two sets of contacts, one running under the printed circuit board and the other running over the top of the printed circuit board s to improve crosswalk performance. The connector further includes a wire containment fixture arrangement allowing for simplified field termination of the modular connector. The connector is assembled by loading the contacts and printed circuit board onto the sled which is snap fit into the housing, positioning wires through the wire containment fixture and slidably engaging the fixture to the sled to terminate the wires.

Description:
Applicant claims, under 35 U.S.C. §119(e), the benefit of priority of the filing date of Jan. 14, 2000, of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/176,353, filed on the aforementioned date, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of Invention 
     The present invention relates generally to modular communication connectors and more particularly to a modular communication connector having an improved contact arrangement designed to meet the increasing performance requirements of the communications industry in conjunction with increased data transfer rates. 
     2. Description of Related Art 
     In the communications industry, as data transmission rates have steadily increased, the industry has strived to provide electrical communication connectors that meet the needs to carry relatively high frequency signals while maintaining mechanical strength requirements and manufacturability. A wide variety of improvements have been made in the design of electrical connectors to reduce crosswalk effect occurring in parallel runs of closely spaced adjacent connectors. One example is co-pending U.S. Ser. No. 09/138,969 filed Aug. 24, 1998, which is commonly assigned to Panduit Corporation and incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. This type of connector uses a particular conductor configuration in conjunction with a multi-layered printed circuit board containing capacitors to achieve a reduction in the crosstalk effect. However, due to the high level of crosstalk occurring at the contact interface area for this connector at very high rates, the tuning effect achievable by the capacitors can still be difficult to accomplish. As such, further improvements in the art are still needed to address such problems and achieve higher levels of crosstalk suppression. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     It is an object of the present invention to provide a modular communication connector with improved crosstalk performance. 
     It is another object of the present invention to provide an electrical communications connector having an improved contact design to reduce the effect of electrical crosstalk. 
     In general, a modular communications connector according to the invention includes a housing defining a plug receiving opening, a conductor carrying sled supporting first and second pluralities of conductors, and a wire containment fixture for terminating a communication cable having a plurality of individual communication wires. The first plurality of conductors includes first and second subsets of resilient contacts forming eight laterally spaced first conductors arranged in a telephone plug mating configuration. The first conductors may be associated with corresponding second conductors, preferably formed as insulation displacement contact (IDC) portions disposed extending rearwardly in a direction generally parallel to an axis of entry of the plug receiving opening. The IDC portions of the conductors are provided to terminate wire pairs of the communication cable and can be suitably arranged in upper and lower rows of four IDC portions. The connector also preferably uses a printed circuit board design incorporating capacitors which in conjunction with the conductor design improves the overall crosstalk performance. 
     The first subset of contacts are connected to the printed circuit board at first ends, extend from a bottom side of the printed circuit board towards and bend around a front end of the printed circuit board, and have second ends extending above the top surface of the printed circuit board to form plug contacting portions that are disposed within the plug receiving opening of the connector. The second subset of contacts are connected to the printed circuit board at first ends, extend from the top side of the printed circuit board toward the front end of the printed circuit board and then include a reverse bend ending in second ends that form plug contacting portions that extend above the top surface of the printed circuit board and are disposed within the plug receiving opening of the connector. 
     In a preferred embodiment, the second ends of the second subset of contacts extend in a generally parallel plane to the second ends of the first subset of contacts. By modifying the contacts in the jack/plug contact interface, the parallel runs of adjacent contacts in the communications connector can have improved crosstalk performance (i.e., reduced crosstalk between adjacent runs). In a firther preferred embodiment, the eight contacts are configured with the standard left to right numbering of contacts  1 - 8 . These contacts are further arranged in two staggered rows, with contacts  2 ,  4  and  6  forming the second subset and all three being located in a rearward one of the two staggered rows. Contacts  1 ,  3 ,  5  and  7 - 8  form the first subset of contacts. Preferably, contact  8  is also provided in the rearward staggered row. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     The invention will be described with reference to the following drawings, wherein: 
     FIG. 1 is a front perspective view of a free standing modular communication connector embodying the concept of the present invention; 
     FIG. 2 is a partial exploded view of the connector of FIG. 1; 
     FIG. 3 is a rear perspective exploded view of the connector of FIG. 1 showing additional details according to an embodiment of the invention; 
     FIG. 4 is a bottom perspective exploded view of the connector of FIG. 1 showing additional details according to an embodiment of the invention; 
     FIG. 5 is a top front perspective view of the contacts of the present invention engaged with a printed circuit board; 
     FIG. 6 is a top rear perspective view of the contacts of FIG. 5; 
     FIG. 7 is a bottom front perspective view of the contacts of FIG. 5; 
     FIG. 8 is a partial fragmentary view of the electrical connector of FIG. 1 showing the contact interface region of the connector; 
     FIG. 9 is a sectional view taken along line  9 — 9  of FIG. 8; 
     FIG. 10 is a sectional view taken along line  10 — 10  of FIG. 8; 
     FIG. 11 is a sectional view taken along line  11 — 11  of FIG. 9; 
     FIG. 12 is a side cross-sectional view of the connector of FIG. 1; 
     FIG. 13 is a perspective view showing termination of twisted wire pairs in respective IDCs in the PCB, which is shown without the wire containment fixture, housing, sled and IDC block for simplification; 
     FIG. 14 is a plan view of the top layer of the circuit board; 
     FIG. 15 is a plan view of the second layer which is identical to the third layer of the printed circuit board; and 
     FIG. 16 is a plan view of the bottom layer of the printed circuit board. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     A modular communication connector embodying the concept of the present invention is designated generally by the reference numeral  10  in the accompanying drawings. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, connector  10  includes a housing  12  defining a plug receiving opening  14 , a conductor carrying sled  30  and a wire containment fixture  20  for terminating a communication cable  70  having a plurality of individual communication wires. An IDC block  42  is also shown, which is used to aid in the manufacturing and assembly process. 
     As can be seen in FIGS. 3-4, connector  10  includes a conductor carrying sled  30  that supports a printed circuit board (PCB)  50  and a first and second plurality of conductors. The first plurality of conductors  32  each have a first end connected to the printed circuit board  50  and a second end forming a resilient contact portion  34  which is to be disposed within the plug receiving opening in accordance with a standard telephone plug mating configuration. The standards for the connector interface provides for eight laterally spaced conductors numbered  1 - 8 , wherein the conductor pairs are defined by the associated wire pairs in accordance with the standard. Specifically, the standard pair arrangement provides for wires  4  and  5  comprising pair  1 , wires  3  and  6  comprising pair  2 , wires  1  and  2  comprising pair  3 , and wires  7  and  8  comprising pair  4 . As shown, each of the conductors  32  also includes a compliant pin at the first end so that the conductors  32  can be secured to the PCB  50  without requiring soldering. 
     The first plurality of conductors  32  are subdivided into first and second subsets of contacts  32 A and  32 B, which are better illustrated in FIGS. 5-7. The first subset  32 A are connected to the printed circuit board  50  at a first end, extend from a bottom side of the printed circuit board  50  towards and bend around a front end  50 A of the printed circuit board, and have second ends extending above the top surface of the printed circuit board to form plug contacting portions  34 A that are disposed within the plug receiving opening  14  of connector  10 . The second subset of contacts  32 B are connected to the printed circuit board  50  at a first end, extend from the top side of the printed circuit board  50  toward the front end  50 A of the printed circuit board and then include a reverse bend ending in second ends that form plug contacting portions  34 B and extend above the top surface of the printed circuit board  50  and are disposed within the plug receiving opening  14  of connector  10 . 
     The second plurality of conductors  36  each includes a compliant pin at one end for engagement with the PCB  50  and an IDC portion  38  at the second end. The second plurality of conductors  36  are configured such that the IDC portions  38  are disposed extending rearwardly in a direction generally parallel to an axis of entry of the plug receiving opening  14 . The axis of entry is the generally horizontal direction in which a standard telephone plug type connector would be inserted in order to mate with the resilient contacts of the connector. The second plurality of conductors  36  are initially loaded into IDC block  42 , which is used to aid in the manufacturing and assembly process. The IDC block  42  has locating pockets and a peg for accurate positioning on the sled  30 . After assembling the PCB  50  and conductors  32 ,  36  in position on sled  30 , the sled is inserted into the rear end of the housing such that resilient contact portions  34  of the first plurality of conductors  32  are disposed within the plug receiving opening  14  of housing  12  and the IDC portions  38  extend horizontally away from the back end in position for termination of individual wires  28  of cable  70  as shown and described later with respect to FIG.  13 . Latches on the housing secure the sled in position. 
     As can be seen in FIGS. 3,  4 , the wire containment fixture  20  has a cable opening  26  that allows both flat and round cable to be loaded into the wire containment fixture. The front end of wire containment fixture  20  includes eight individual vertically aligned wire slots  22 . Thus as the twisted pair conductors of the cable are brought through the opening, the individual wires  28  can be routed into their respective wire slots  22 . A label indicating the wiring scheme can be placed on the wire containment fixture  20  for providing the user instructions. Engagement walls  24  including guide slots  25  can be provided on fixture  20  beneath the wire slots  22  and are formed to engage with a pair of guide rails  40  disposed on each lateral edge of the rearward end of sled  30  to allow for sliding movement of fixture  20  along sled  30  and to provide for proper wire location during termination. 
     In general, in communications connectors, some crosstalk effect is occurring at every portion along adjacent conductors of the connector. That is, crosstalk occurs between adjacent conductors at the resilient contact portions of the plug mating end, between adjacent contacts on the PCB, as well as between adjacent IDC portions. In the preferred embodiment shown, the overall crosstalk performance of the connector is enhanced through a combination of minimizing crosstalk interaction between adjacent conductors where possible and using capacitors on a PCB design to balance the overall remaining crosstalk. Additional reductions are achieved by the specific contact interface described in FIGS. 5-7. 
     Referring to FIGS. 5-7, the contacts  32  are preferably provided with the first ends being arranged and affixed in two staggered and offset rows, with odd contacts being in a forwardmost row and the even contacts being in a rearwardmost row. The first subset of contacts  32 A are connected to printed circuit board  50  at a first end, extend from a bottom side of printed circuit board  50  towards and bend around a front end  50 A of printed circuit board  50 , and have second ends extending above the top surface of the printed circuit board to form plug contacting portions  34 A that are disposed within the plug receiving opening of the connector. The second subset of contacts  32 B are connected to printed circuit board  50  at a first end, extend from the top side of printed circuit board  50  toward the front end  50 A and then include a reverse bend ending in second ends that form plug contacting portions  34 B that extend above the top surface of the printed circuit board and are disposed within the plug receiving opening of the connector. 
     In a preferred embodiment, the second ends of the second subset of contacts  32 B extend in a generally parallel plane to the second ends of the first subset of contacts  32 A. By modifying the contacts in the jack/plug contact interface as described, the parallel runs of adjacent contacts in the communications connector can have improved crosstalk performance (i.e., reduced crosstalk between adjacent runs). In a more preferred embodiment, the eight contacts are configured with the standard left to right numbering of contacts  1 - 8 . In this embodiment exemplified by FIGS. 5-7, individual contacts  2 ,  4  and  6  form the second plurality of contacts  32 B and are all located in a rearward one of the two staggered rows. Individual contacts  1 ,  3 ,  5  and  7 - 8  form the first plurality of contacts  32 A, with individual contacts  2  and  8  also being provided in the rearward staggered row. 
     FIGS. 8-11 show additional views illustrating the inventive contact configuration, which improves crosstalk reduction by modifying the jack/plug contact interface. Besides the improved crosstalk properties, the inventive contact configuration also achieves improves mechanical strength. That is, by the design of contacts  32 B forming the second plurality of contacts (such as individual contacts  4  and  6 ) to extend above the PCB  50  from the rearwardmost contact row, a longer beam length can be provided, which decreases the stresses in the contact when a plug is fully inserted into the connector, which helps prevent permanent deformation. 
     Full assembly of the communications connector will now be described with respect to FIGS. 12-13. The IDC portions  38  of the second plurality of conductors  36  for terminating pairs of wires  28  of the communication cable are preferably arranged in two rows of four IDC portions. The contacts are configured such that the top and-bottom IDC portion at each end of the rows terminates a wire pair and the two internal IDC portions of each row terminate a wire pair. Specifically, as previously discussed the standard pair arrangement for twisted pair wires is wires  4  and  5  are pair  1 , wires  3  and  6  are pair  2 , wires  1  and  2  are pair  3  and wires  7  and  8  are pair  4 . The standard in the industry sets forth that the odd wires are the tip and the even wires are the ring of the pair. As shown, pair  3  comprising contacts  1  and  2  and pair  4  comprising contacts  7  and  8  are disposed respectively at the left and right ends of the two rows of IDC portions. Pair  2  comprising contacts  3  and  6  is disposed on the upper row at the two internal IDC portions and pair  1  comprising contacts  4  and  5  is disposed in the bottom row within the two inner IDC portions. This specific IDC arrangement improves crosstalk performance by minimizing any additional undesired crosstalk while helping to balance existing crosstalk effects found in the plug and jack contact arrangement. Furthermore, this IDC layout allows for pairs to remain twisted as close to the IDC&#39;s as possible which helps decrease the crosstalk needed to be balanced in the connector. Thus, the IDC arrangement allows for a simplified PCB capacitor design. 
     To further assist in crosstalk reduction, the first and second plurality of conductors  32 ,  36  are connected through printed circuit board  50 , which has a specific circuit to assist in crosstalk reduction and/or balance. As can be seen in FIGS. 14-16, the printed circuit board  50  may be a four layer board with a plurality of through holes formed through all four layers, each of which corresponds respectively with one of the compliant pin ends of one of the first or second plurality of conductors  32 ,  36 . The top  52  and bottom  56  outer layers contain traces  58  for interconnecting the first and second plurality of conductors  32 ,  36  via their respective conductive through holes. The two inner layers  54  are identical to each other and is shown only once in FIG.  15 . Seven of the ten capacitors  60  which are utilized in the exemplary design for crosstalk reduction are housed in the middle two layers  54 . The outer layers  52 ,  56  also include three capacitors  60  which in the preferred design were not placed in the middle layers  54  due to space and capacitor layout constraints. 
     As can be seen, the conductor traces  58  within a pair are of relatively the same length and run nearby each other to obtain a proper impedance for return/loss performance and to reduce possible far end crosstalk (FEXT) effect. It is to be noted that the thickness of the traces can also be adjusted to achieve a desired impedance. Additionally, certain contact pairs have the traces  58  run on opposite sides of the board to minimize near end crosstalk (NEXT) in that area. For example, traces  4  and  5 , and  7  and  8  for pairs  1  and  4  respectively are disposed on the bottom board, whereas traces  3  and  6 , and  1  and  2  for pairs  2  and  3  respectively are disposed on the top board. However, other various PCB configurations are contemplated. 
     Capacitance is added to the PCB in order to compensate for the crosstalk which occurs between adjacent conductors of different pairs throughout the connector arrangement. The capacitance can be added in several ways. The capacitance can be added as chips to the board or can be integrated into the board using pads or finger capacitors. 
     In a preferred embodiment shown, capacitors are added in the form of finger or interdigitated capacitors connected to conductor pairs. The capacitors are identified by the conductor to which they are connected and to which capacitance is added to balance the crosstalk effect seen by the other conductor of a pair. For example, C 46  identifies the finger capacitor connected to conductors  4  and  6  to balance the crosstalk seen between conductors  4  and  6  with the crosstalk seen between conductors  5  and  6  throughout the connector. 
     In the field, the preassembled housing  12  and sled  30  containing the printed circuit board  50 , first plurality of contacts  32 , second plurality of contacts  36  and IDC block  42  is provided such that the plug mating resilient contact portions  34  are disposed within the plug receiving opening  14  and the IDC portions  38  are horizontally disposed for accepting the individual wires  28 . The communication cable  70  is inserted into the opening  26  of the wire containment fixture  20 , the individual wires  28  are inserted into the respective wire slots  22  and the excess wire cut off. Finally, the wire containment  20  having the engagement walls  24  with guide slots  25  is assembled onto sled  30  via the guide rails  40  and slid forward until proper termination is achieved and locked in position by a cantilevered snap latch. 
     While the inventive contact configuration has been shown in conjunction with a specific exemplary communication connector, the novel aspects of the invention can be used with a variety of different electrical connectors. Moreover, while a preferred embodiment modifies only individual contacts  2 ,  4  and  6 , it is possible to modify different combinations of contacts for different electrical connector or printed circuit board arrangements to achieve improvements in performance. Thus, while the particular preferred embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that changes and modifications may be made without departing from the teachings of this invention and that the matter set forth in the foregoing description and accompanying drawings is offered by way of illustration only and not as a limitation. The actual scope of the invention is intended to be defined in the following claims when viewed in their proper perspective based on the prior art.