Abstract:
According to the invention there is provided a camera having at least one image capture system. A timer latch is biased for movement between a lock position preventing image capture system from capturing an image and a release position that allows the image capture system to capture an image. An actuator is biased for movement between a first position separated from the timer latch and a second position moving the timer latch into the release position. A damper slows the movement of the actuator.  
     According to another aspect of the present invention there is provided a camera having at least one image capture system having a movement actuated shutter and a lever biased to move the shutter. A timer latch is biased for movement between a lock position preventing the lever from moving the shutter and a release position permitting the lever to move the shutter. An actuator is biased for movement between a first position separated from the timer latch and a second position moving the timer latch into the release position. A damper slows movement of the actuator. Movement of the actuator is damped during a first range of actuator movement and is undamped during a second range of actuator movement proximate to the second position.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION  
         [0001]    The present invention relates to the field of photography. More particularly, the present invention relates to a photographic camera having a self-timer and a self-timer for use in a photographic camera.  
         BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0002]    One of the most popular camera features is the self-timer. The self-timer is a user activated feature that causes the camera to capture an image at a set period of time after the timer has been activated. The primary benefit of this feature is that it permits the user of the camera to position the camera to capture a scene, to engage the self-timer and then to position themselves in the scene prior to exposure.  
           [0003]    Cameras having self-timers have been known for many years. Some self-timing cameras have a mechanical self-timer with clockwork type arrangements inside the camera to capture an image at the end of a delay period. An example of such a mechanical system is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 4,268,154. Other cameras use electronic systems such as timing circuits and microprocessors to cause a camera to capture an image at the end of a delay period. An example of such an electrical system is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 4,038,675. The mechanical and electrical systems of the prior art can be complex and costly. Thus, what is needed is a low-cost camera having a self-timer and a low-cost timer for use in a photographic film camera.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0004]    According to the present invention there is provided a camera having at least one image capture system. A timer latch is biased for movement between a lock position preventing an image capture system from capturing an image and a release position that allows the image capture system to capture an image. An actuator is biased for movement between a first position separated from the timer latch and a second position moving the timer latch into the release position. A damper is positioned to engage the outer surface to slow the movement of the actuator.  
           [0005]    According to another aspect of the present invention there is provided a camera having at least one image capture system having a movement actuated shutter and a lever biased to move the shutter. A timer latch is biased for movement between a lock position preventing the lever from moving the shutter and a release position permitting the lever to move the shutter. An actuator is biased for movement between a first position separated from the timer latch and a second position driving the timer latch into the release position. A damper slows movement of the actuator. Movement of the actuator is damped during a first range of actuator movement and is undamped during a second range of actuator movement proximate to the second position. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0006]    While the specification concludes with claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the subject matter of the present invention, it is believed that the invention will be better understood from the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings wherein:  
         [0007]    [0007]FIG. 1 illustrates a front perspective view of the camera of the present invention with a front cover removed.  
         [0008]    [0008]FIG. 2 illustrates an exploded view of the film exposure system and self-timer system of the camera of the present invention.  
         [0009]    [0009]FIG. 3 illustrates a perspective view of the film exposure and self-timer systems of the camera of the present invention with the self-timer in a timer end position.  
         [0010]    [0010]FIG. 4 illustrates a front view of the film exposure and self-timer systems of the camera of the present invention with the self-timer in a timer end position.  
         [0011]    [0011]FIG. 5 illustrates a perspective view of the film exposure and self-timer systems of the camera of the present invention with the self-timer in a timer end position.  
         [0012]    [0012]FIG. 6 illustrates a front view of the film exposure and self-timer systems of the camera of the present invention with the self-timer in a timer start position.  
         [0013]    [0013]FIG. 7 illustrates a front view of the film exposure and self-timer systems of the camera of the present invention with the self-timer at the beginning of travel from the timer start position to the timer end position.  
         [0014]    [0014]FIG. 8 illustrates a front view of the film exposure and self-timer systems of the camera of the present invention with the self-timer in the process of travelling from the timer start position to the timer end position.  
         [0015]    [0015]FIG. 9 a  illustrates an alternative embodiment of the film exposure and self-timer systems of the camera of the present invention in a normal photography mode.  
         [0016]    [0016]FIG. 9 b  illustrates an alternative embodiment of the film exposure and self-timer systems of the camera of the present invention in a normal photography mode.  
         [0017]    [0017]FIG. 9 c  illustrates an alternative embodiment of the film exposure and self-timer systems of the camera of the present invention in a self-timer mode.  
         [0018]    [0018]FIG. 10 illustrates an alternative embodiment of the actuator and damper of the present invention.  
         [0019]    [0019]FIG. 11 illustrates a schematic diagram of an alternative embodiment of the present invention. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
       [0020]    The present invention will be directed, in particular, to elements forming part of, or cooperating more directly with, an apparatus in accordance with the present invention. It is to be understood that elements not specifically shown or described may take various forms that are well known to those skilled in the art.  
         [0021]    [0021]FIG. 1 illustrates a front perspective view of camera  20  in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention with a front plate  21  removed. FIG. 2 illustrates an exploded view of the film exposure system  23  and self-timer  25  of camera  20  with front plate  21  shown partially cut-away.  
         [0022]    As is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, camera  20  comprises a camera body  22  having a film take-up reel area  24  and a film cartridge holder  26 . In the present application, a film cartridge (not shown) is inserted into film cartridge holder  26 . Film  28  is then partially wound out of the film cartridge and into film take up reel area  24 . A conventional film winding apparatus (not shown) is used for this purpose.  
         [0023]    Lens  30  is disposed between film cartridge holder  26  and film take up reel area  24 . Light from a photographic scene passes through lens  30  and travels generally along light path L to film  28 . A shutter  32  is interposed between lens  30  and film  28 . In the embodiment that is shown, shutter  32  is pivotally mounted about shaft  33  which is a feature of camera body  22 . Shutter  32  has a light blocking surface  34  and is pivotally movable between a first position wherein light blocking surface  34  is positioned to block light path L and a second position wherein light blocking surface  34  is removed from light path L. To prevent unintended exposure, shutter  32  is biased into the first position by a first resilient member  35 .  
         [0024]    To capture an image on film  28 , shutter  32  is rapidly moved through an exposure cycle beginning in the first position, travelling to the second position and ending in the first position. In certain circumstances, this exposure cycle must occur in less than {fraction (1/250)} th  of a second. To accomplish this, a high-energy lever  36  is used to accelerate shutter  32  through the exposure cycle. The high-energy lever  36 , in turn, is accelerated through the exposure cycle by a second resilient member  37 . In the embodiment shown, high-energy lever  36  has a shaft  38  which is pivotally mounted to camera body  22 .  
         [0025]    Prior to exposure, shutter  32  is maintained in the first position by action of first resilient member  35 . During the exposure cycle, second resilient member  37  accelerates high-energy lever  36  in a counterclockwise fashion. This motion causes contact surface  40  of high-energy lever  36  to impact shutter contact  42 . This impact causes shutter  32  to pivot in a counterclockwise fashion about shaft  33 , thereby removing light blocking surface  34  from light path L to expose film  28  to light from the scene. The exposure cycle is completed as the shutter  32  is returned to the first position by first resilient member  35 .  
         [0026]    Following the exposure cycle, it is necessary to store sufficient potential energy in second resilient member  37  to permit proper acceleration of the high-energy lever  36  during the next exposure cycle. To store such energy in second resilient member  37 , it is necessary to lock high-energy lever  36  into a fixed position. This is done using trigger latch  50 . Trigger latch  50  locks high-energy lever  36  in place. This allows potential energy to be stored in second resilient member  37  to properly accelerate high-energy lever  34  during the next exposure cycle. In the present illustrated embodiment of the invention, the mechanical action of winding the film  28  to the next frame is used to store potential energy in second resilient member  37  after trigger latch  50  has been locked. This potential energy is stored until the next exposure. The structure that is used to restore potential energy in second resilient member  37  during camera winding is conventional and is not central to the present invention. Any of a number of structures that are well known in the art can be used for this purpose In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, trigger latch  50  has a central pivot mounting  52  which is fixed to a pivot  27 . Pivot  27  is a feature of camera body  22 . On opposing sides of the central pivot mounting  52 , are a capture surface  54  and a release surface  56 . Capture surface  54  is shaped to engage a cavity  58  on high-energy latch  36 . Trigger latch  50  is pivotally movable between a latch position wherein capture surface  54  engages cavity  58  of high-energy latch  36  and a release position wherein capture surface  54  is separated from cavity  58 . When capture surface  54  is inserted into cavity  58 , high-energy latch  36  cannot move about shaft  38 . This allows potential energy to be stored in second resilient member  37  as described above.  
         [0027]    Trigger latch  50  is biased toward the latch position by a third resilient member  55 . Trigger latch  50  is moved against this bias by a user operable button  60 . Button  60  has a control surface  62  positioned outside of camera body  22  and an extension  64 . In the embodiment shown, button  60  is movable between an outward position and an inward position. A fourth resilient member  65  biases button  60  toward the outward position. Extension  64  has a contact surface  66 . Contact surface  66  is positioned so that when button  60  is in the outward position, contact surface  66  is separated from release surface  56  of trigger latch  50 . However, when button  60  is moved to the inward position, contact surface  66  engages release surface  56  of trigger latch  50 . This pivots release latch  50  in a clockwise direction to separate capture surface  54  from cavity  58 . When capture surface  54  separates from cavity  58 , high-energy lever  36  is released and, unless high-energy lever  36  is otherwise latched, an exposure cycle is initiated. In this manner, the user of camera  20  can controllably initiate an exposure cycle by depressing button  60 .  
         [0028]    The operation of self-timer  25  of camera  20  will now be described. A first component of self-timer  68  is timer latch  70 . Timer latch  70  has a central mounting  72  that is pivotally mounted on pivot  27 . On opposing sides of central mounting  72  are a capture surface  74  and biasing lever  76 . Timer latch  70  is pivotally moveable between a latch position wherein capture surface  74  engages cavity  58  of high-energy latch  36  to prevent pivotal motion of high-energy latch  36  and a release position wherein capture surface  74  is separated from cavity  58 . A timer latch biasing member  75  is fixed to biasing lever  76  to bias timer latch  70  into the latch position. Thus, to release high-energy latch  36  at the start of an exposure cycle, it is necessary to position both trigger latch  50  and timer latch  70  in the release position.  
         [0029]    In the embodiment of FIGS. 1 and 2, trigger latch  50  and timer latch  70  are pivotally mounted adjacent to each other on pivot  27 . However, timer latch  70  and trigger latch  50  move independently of each other. As discussed above, trigger latch  50  is actuated by operation of contact surface  66  on button  60 . However, contact surface  66  does not contact timer latch  70 . Instead, timer latch  70  is moved into and out of the release position by an actuator  80 .  
         [0030]    In this regard, actuator  80  is movable between a timer end position shown in FIGS. 1, 2,  3  and  4  and a timer start position shown in FIG. 6. As is shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, actuator  80  includes an actuator pin  82  to engage a release lever  78  on timer latch  70 . When actuator  80  is in the timer end position, actuator pin  82  engages lever  78  to put timer latch  70  in the release position. Accordingly, when actuator  80  is in this position, timer latch  70  does not prohibit movement of high-energy lever  36  and, an exposure cycle can be initiated by depressing button  60  to place trigger latch  50  in the release position as is described above.  
         [0031]    Actuator  80  is biased toward the timer end position by an actuator resilient member  85 . Actuator  80  is connected to an actuator button  84  which passes through a tracked groove  86  in front cover  21  of camera  20 . A camera user moves actuator  80  from the timer end position to the timer start position by advancing button  84  along tracked groove  86 . As actuator  80  is moved away from the timer start position toward the timer end position, actuator pin  82  separates from lever  78 . This permits timer latch  70  to be urged into the latch position by action of timer latch biasing member  75 .  
         [0032]    Timer latch  70  remains in the latch position until actuator  80  returns to the timer start position. When a camera user releases button  84 , actuator biasing member  85  begins to return actuator  80  to the timer start position. However, as is shown in FIGS. 1, 2,  3  and  4 , actuator  80  has an outer surface  88  that is shaped with a first set of geared teeth  90  and a second set of geared teeth  92 . A separation  94  is defined between geared teeth  90  and geared teeth  92 . A damper  96  is positioned proximate to actuator  80  and has a damper gear  98  to engage geared teeth  90  and  92  of actuator  80 . Damper  96  resists the urging force of actuator biasing member  85  in order to slow the movement of actuator  80  from the timer start position to the timer end position. In this way, camera  20  is prevented from initiating an exposure cycle for a period of time that begins when actuator  80  is positioned in the timer start position and ends when actuator  80  is positioned in the timer end position.  
         [0033]    It will be appreciated that frictional forces acting between engagement surface  74  of timer latch  70  and cavity  58  of high-energy lever  36  may resist separation of engagement surface  74  from cavity  58 . Accordingly, it is necessary to ensure that actuator  80  contacts timer lever  78  with sufficient force to overcome this resistance. In the embodiment shown, the outer surface  88  of actuator  80  defines a separation  94 . This separation permits undamped travel of actuator  80  after a desired period of delay. During this undamped travel, actuator  80  can develop sufficient momentum so that actuator pin  82  contacts lever  78  with sufficient force to overcome the frictional resistance between engagement surface  74  and cavity  58 . Alternatively, the force provided by actuator pin  82  against lever  78  can also be increased by defining damper  96  and/or damper gear  98  so that they separate from contact with actuator  80  to allow undamped travel of actuator  80  after the defined period of delay. In a further alternative embodiment, the force provided by actuator pin  82  as it contact lever  78  can be increased by increasing the overall amount of potential energy stored in biasing member  85  so that the potential energy stored in the biasing member when actuator pin  82  contacts lever  78  is sufficient to overcome the frictional resistance.  
         [0034]    It will be appreciated that damper gear  98  rotates during the period of engagement with geared teeth  90  and that this generates a certain amount of rotational momentum in damper gear  98 . Although this momentum is rapidly dissipated by action of damper  96 , there is a possibility that damper gear  98  can be moved by such momentum into a position of non-matching alignment with gear teeth  90 . If not corrected, this condition could prevent further use of self-timer  25 . Accordingly, geared teeth  92  are positioned at the end of separation  94 . Geared teeth  92  engage damper gear  98  as actuator  80  enters the timer end position. Geared teeth  92  are located and calibrated so that they align gear  98  for future engagement with geared teeth  90 . Geared teeth  92  also hold damper gear  98  to prevent damper gear  98  from moving into non-matching alignment with geared teeth  92  as a result of incidental movement of camera  20 .  
         [0035]    Thus, a mechanism has been shown to release timer latch  70  after a predefined period of time has elapsed from the point at which actuator  80  is moved to the timer start position. However, in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1, 2,  3  and  4 , both timer latch  70  and trigger latch  50  must be released in order to initiate an exposure cycle. Accordingly, the operation of timer latch  70  and timer latch  50  must be coordinated. Trigger lock  100  is used for this purpose. Trigger lock  100  features a center pivot  102  that is pivotally connected to body  22 . On opposing sides of center pivot  102  are a button catch  104  configured to engage notch  68  and an actuator slide  106  configured to engage a circuitous path  110  that is located on surface  108  of actuator  80 .  
         [0036]    The operation of trigger lock  100  will now be explained with reference to FIGS. 5, 6,  7  and  8 . FIG. 5 illustrates a perspective view of self-timer  25  with trigger latch  50  and timer latch  70  removed to show the interrelationship between button  60 , actuator  80  and trigger lock  100  when actuator  80  is in the timer end position. In this position, button  60  can be moved from the outward position to the inward position without button catch  104  engaging notch  68 . In this way, when actuator  80  is in the timer end position, button  60  can be used to initiate an exposure sequence without interference from trigger lock  100 .  
         [0037]    [0037]FIG. 6 illustrates the present invention with actuator  80  positioned in the timer start position. As shown, when actuator  80  is moved to the timer start position, actuator slide  106  moves from timer end position  112  along circuitous path  110  to first position  114 . While in this position, slide  106  engages island  116  at an upper surface  118 . This engagement prevents actuator  80  from being moved by actuator resilient member  85  from the start position to the timer end position. Actuator  90  is held in first position  114  until trigger lock  100  pivotally rotates in a clockwise direction. In this regard, trigger lock  100  is biased in the clockwise direction when it is in first position  114 . This bias helps to prevent trigger lock  100  from pivoting in a counter clockwise fashion which would allow slide  106  to return to end position  112 . However, as is shown in phantom in FIG. 6, trigger lock  100  cannot pivot in the clockwise direction because button catch  104  is blocked by button extension  64 .  
         [0038]    In a preferred embodiment of the present invention shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, a biasing member  81  is resiliently incorporated into actuator  80  to bias trigger lock  100  in a clockwise direction when actuator  80  is in the start position. Resilient member  81  features a ramp surface  83  and plateau  87  to engage a dowel  107  on trigger lock  100 . As actuator  80  is moved from the timer end position to the timer start position, dowel  107  first engages ramp  83  and then engages plateau  87 . This engagement elastically deforms resilient member  81 . Resilient member  81  resists this elastic deformation by applying a bias force against dowel  107 , urging trigger lock  100  in a clockwise direction. It will be appreciated that other resilient members can be used for this purpose.  
         [0039]    As is shown in FIG. 7, when actuator  80  is in the timer start position and button  60  is moved from the outward position to the inward position, button catch  104  is permitted to pivotally move into notch  68 . This, in turn, causes slide  106  to move out of contact with upper surface  118  and into return path  120  of circuitous path  110 . Once slide  106  enters circuitous path  110 , actuator  80  is permitted to move from the timer start position toward the timer end position as is generally described above. As noted above, this motion is slowed by damper  96  acting through damping gear  98 . By slowing this movement, a self-timing delay is created.  
         [0040]    As is also shown in FIG. 7, while slide  106  is in return path  120 , button catch  104  is held in notch  68 . This prevents button  60  from returning to the outward position and, therefore, contact surface  66  holds trigger latch  50  in the release position. Accordingly, when camera  20  is in this state, all that is required to initiate an exposure cycle is to move timer latch  70  into the release position.  
         [0041]    As is shown in FIG. 8, when the desired delay has passed, damper gear  98  ceases to contact geared teeth  90 . This permits undamped motion of actuator  80 . Actuator pin  82  is then brought into contact with lever  78  to move timer latch  70  into the release position. This initiates the exposure cycle. This also brings slide  106  into contact with ramped surface  121 . Once slide  106  is in contact with ramped surface  121 , further motion of actuator  80  toward the timer end position causes trigger lock  100  to pivot in a direction that removes catch  106  from notch  68 . Motion of actuator  80  to the timer end position also brings geared teeth  92  into contact with damper gear  98 . This returns actuator  80  to the timer end position completing the duty cycle of self-timer  25 .  
         [0042]    [0042]FIGS. 9 a  and  9   b  show a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention that permits photography in a normal mode and photography in a self-timer mode. In this embodiment, trigger lock  100  and trigger latch  50  are omitted. As is shown in FIG. 9 a , button  60  has a flexible extension  64  having a button slip latch  122  with a deflection surface  124  and latch surface  126 . In this embodiment, latch surface actuator  80  is also adapted with an actuator slip latch  130  having a deflection surface  132  and latch surface  134 .  
         [0043]    As is shown in FIG. 9 a , during normal camera operation, button slip latch  122  engages actuator slip latch  130  at a point wherein damper gear  98  is positioned within space  94 . As noted above, when actuator  80  is in this position, timer latch  70  prevents high energy lever  36  from moving. As is shown in FIG. 9 b , a first deflector  136  is positioned proximate to extension  64 . When button  60  is moved to an inward position, deflector  136  moves extension  68  so that contact between button slip latch  122  and actuator slip latch  130  is lost. This permits actuator  80  to move to the timer end position and release timer latch  70  to initiate an exposure cycle.  
         [0044]    To operate the camera of FIGS. 9 a  and  9   b  in the self-timer mode, the user of the camera moves actuator  80  to the timer start position using button  84  and releases button  84 . This permits actuator resilient member  85  to move actuator  80  toward the timer end position. However, as is shown in FIG. 9 c , as actuator  80  approaches separation  94 , actuator slip latch  130  contacts button slip latch  122 . This drives button deflection surface  124  into second deflector  138  which moves button latch surface  126  away from actuator latch surface  134  and permits actuator  80  to travel to the timer end position to release actuator latch surface  134 . In this embodiment, separation  94  can be defined so that actuator  80  has a period of undamped travel before actuator latch surface  134  contacts button latch surface  126 . This will allow actuator  80  to build sufficient momentum to cause the necessary movement of button latch surface  126 .  
         [0045]    [0045]FIG. 10 illustrates an embodiment of the present invention that does not use geared teeth  90 ,  92  and  98  to engage damper  96  to outer surface  88 . As is shown in FIG. 10, damper  96  can be fixed to damper friction surface  140  such as a rotatable wheel fixed to damper  96 . In this embodiment, outer surface  88  is beveled to define an actuator friction surface  142  to contact the friction surface during a first range movement of actuator  80  and an actuator recess  144  to separate friction surface  140  from outer surface  88  during the second range of actuator movement. In such an embodiment, the second set of geared teeth  92  are not necessary. Further, it will be appreciated that damper  96  and damper gear  98  can be replaced by a friction surface such as a brush or slide (not shown) that create friction at a point that is separate from friction surface  130 .  
         [0046]    Self-timer  25  of the present invention can utilize other structures to lock trigger latch  50  in the release position when self-timer  25  is used. For example, actuator  80  can be adapted with a latch or other locking mechanism to hold button  60  in the inward position while actuator  80  moves from the timer start position to the timer end position. This latch can be reset after actuator  80  enters the timer end position.  
         [0047]    [0047]FIG. 11 illustrates a schematic diagram of self-timer  25  for use in self-timing camera  20  having both a film image capture system  23  and an electronic image capture system  155 . In this embodiment, a user manipulates buttons  84  and/or  60  to operate camera  20  in either the normal photography mode or self-timing photography mode. As is described above, the movement of buttons  84  and/or  60  causes either one or both of timing latch  50  and timing latch  70  to move to the release position. In this embodiment, a position detector  150  such as a mechanical switch, electromechanical switch, opto-electric switch, or other sensor detects when timing latch  50  and/or timing latch  70  are in the release position. In the illustrated embodiment, detector  150  generates an electrical signal when trigger latch  50  and timing latch  70  are both in the release position. This provides a signal indicating that the film system image capture system  23  has been activated. This signal can be used to alert film camera controls  157  and the electronic image capture system  155  that a film exposure is occurring. It will also be appreciated that this embodiment is readily adaptable for use in conjunction with a camera that captures images using only an electronic image capture system.  
         [0048]    With respect to any biasing member described herein, it will be noted that suitable biasing members include any mechanical means for storing and releasing mechanical potential energy including but not limited to springs coils, torsion bars, and elastically deformable members.  
         [0049]    The invention has been described in detail with particular reference to certain preferred embodiments thereof, but it will be understood that variations and modifications can be effected within the spirit and scope of the invention.  
                                         PARTS LIST                                20   camera       21   front plate       22   camera body       24   film take up reel area       26   film cartridge holder       27   pivot       28   film       30   lens       32   shutter       33   shaft       34   light blocking surface       36   high-energy lever       37   second resilient member       38   shaft       40   contact surface       42   shutter contact       50   trigger latch       52   Central pivot mounting       54   capture surface       55   third resilient member       56   release surface       58   cavity       60   button       62   control surface       64   extension       65   fourth resilient member       66   contact surface       70   timer latch       72   central mounting       74   capture surface       75   timer latch biasing member       76   bias lever       77   pivot       78   lever       80   actuator       82   actuator pin       84   button       83   ramped surface       85   actuator biasing member       86   tracked groove       87   plateau       88   outer surface       90   first set of geared teeth       92   second set of geared teeth       94   separation       96   damper       98   damper gear       100   trigger lock       102   center pivot       104   button catch       106   actuator slide       108   surface       110   circuitous path       112   timer end position       114   first position       116   island       118   upper surface       120   return path       121   ramped surface       122   button slip latch       124   button deflection surface       126   button latch surface       130   actuator slip latch       132   actuator deflection surface       134   actuator latch surface       136   first deflection surface       138   second deflection surface       140   damper friction surface       142   actuator friction surface       144   actuator recess       155   electronic image capture system       157   film camera controls       L   light path