Abstract:
High strength dual-phase stainless steel sheet and steel strip which are excellent in corrosion resistance, the dual-phase stainless steel sheet and steel strip having a Vicker&#39;s hardness of 200HV or more and comprising, by mass %, C: 0.02 to 0.20%, Si: 0.10 to 2.0%, Mn: 0.20 to 2.0%, P: 0.040% or less, S: 0.010% or less, Cr: 15.0 to 18.0%, Ni: 0.5 to 4.0%, Sn: 0.05 to 0.50, N: 0.010 to 0.10%, and a balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities. The dual-phase stainless steel sheet and steel strip have a γp range of 60 to 95, and a ferrite and martensite dual-phase microstructure formed by being heated to the ferrite and austenite dual-phase region, then the austenite phase transforming to martenite in the subsequent cooling process, wherein γp=420C+470N+23Ni+7Mn+9Cu−11.5Cr−11.5Si−12Mo−7Sn−49Ti−47Nb−52Al+189.

Description:
This application is a national stage application of International Application No. PCT/JP2011/058483, filed Mar. 29, 2011, which claims priority to Japanese Application Nos. 2010-074809, filed Mar. 29, 2010, and 2011-050003, filed Mar. 8, 2011, the contents of which are incorporated by reference in their entirety. 
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present invention relates to stainless steel which is excellent in corrosion resistance and abrasion resistance and which has little drop in mirror surface gloss or image reflectability of the surface even with long term use. As specific examples of use, it is provided as the material for various parts such as reflectors of solar light and home lightening equipment, mirrors, machinery, and electrical and electronic equipment. 
     BACKGROUND ART 
     As metal materials which are excellent in corrosion resistance and abrasion resistance, martensitic stainless steel, work hardening type austenitic stainless steel, precipitation hardening type and other stainless steel, and ferrite and martensite dual-phase structure stainless steel are known. 
     Martensitic stainless steel is made a martensite structure by quenching, so can be used while made a high strength. In most cases, it is quenched, then tempered. 
     The hardness is adjusted by the contents of C and N, the quenching conditions (solution heat treatment temperature, time, and cooling rate), and the tempering conditions (temperature and time). 
     At the time of martensite transformation, expansion of volume occurs in crystal units, so the steel sheet becomes greater in surface roughness. Martensitic stainless steel is high in strength and low in toughness, so reduction of the surface roughness by temper rolling is not easy. 
     Further, in the process of making martensitic stainless steel high in strength, the steel is quenched from the austenite single-phase region to obtain a martensite single-phase structure. Cr, Mo, and other elements which improve the corrosion resistance narrow the austenite single-phase formation temperature region, so the amounts of addition are limited. 
     As one example, in SUS420J1 steel, the amount of Cr is defined as 12 to 14%. For this reason, SUS420J1 steel generally only has the minimum extent of corrosion resistance as stainless steel. 
     As higher Cr martensitic stainless steel, there are SUS429J1 and SUS431. These contain 15.00 to 17.00% of Cr. If these are made martensite single-phase structures, the ductility becomes low, while if they are made a ferrite or austenite phase and martensite dual-phase structure, the corrosion resistance is impaired. 
     As a representative type of work hardening type austenitic stainless steel, SUS301 may be mentioned. 
     SUS301 has an austenite structure at the time of solution treatment. Due to the temper rolling after that, it gradually transforms to the work-induced martensite. Due to the increase in the rolling reduction, the work hardening of the two phases further progresses to make the strength higher. 
     The composition of SUS301 is 17% Cr−7% Ni. Expensive Ni in 7% is required, so the material cost becomes higher. 
     Further, the amount of deformation martensite is affected by the material temperature at the time of cold rolling, so in general reverse type rolling in cold rolling of stainless steel, near the coil top and bottom where the rolling speed changes, a change occurs in the amount of deformation martensite and the change in hardness becomes large. 
     Further, SUS301 is large in work hardening, so when cold rolling hot rolled sheet to finish it to the desired thickness, the rolling load force is high. Depending on the cold rolling speed, annealing process will become necessary and the productivity will otherwise become inferior. 
     As precipitation hardening type stainless steel, SUS630 (17Cr−4Ni−4Cu), 631 (17Cr−7Ni−1.2Al), and other martensite type precipitation hardened steel are the mainstream. 
     Martensite type precipitation hardened steel is obtained by solution heat treatment, then cooling to room temperature in the process of which making a martensite structure, then aging so as to cause the formation of precipitated phases rich in Cu and cause fine dispersed precipitation of the intermetallic worked NiAl compound and harden the steel. 
     Martensite type precipitation hardened steel also requires large amounts of expensive Ni, Cu, and other alloy elements so is high in material cost and is an expensive material. 
     Furthermore, in the production of martensite type precipitation hardened steel, if precipitation hardened phases are formed at other than the final aging process, the toughness of the material will drop and the cold rolling load will increase resulting in cold rolling becoming no longer possible. For this reason, for example, in the hot rolling process, low temperature coiling is required after hot rolling. Occurrence of defects due to poor coiling shape also becomes a problem. 
     What has been developed to solve these problems is the dual-phase structure stainless steel which has a dual-phase structure of ferrite and martensite as disclosed in PLT&#39;s 1 to 4. 
     Dual-phase structure stainless steel is obtained by cold rolling hot rolled steel sheet of a ferrite and carbonitride structure, then applying dual-phase annealing which heats this to the ferrite and austenite dual-phase region and cools it so as to transform the austenite phase to martensite and obtain a ferrite and martensite dual-phase structure at room temperature and, furthermore, applying temper rolling and aging. 
     Dual-phase structure stainless steel is developed based on compositions similar to SUS431 and SUS429J1. The chemical compositions are suitably adjusted to adjust the amount of martensite in accordance with the required hardness. 
     Dual-phase structure stainless steel reportedly is high in strength and large in ductility, has small in-plane fluctuations in strength, and is excellent in shape flatness as features. 
     Further, a representative ferritic stainless steel, that is, SUS430 steel, is also reported to easily become a ferrite and martensite dual-phase structure by heating to the dual-phase region and cooling. 
     However, dual-phase structure stainless steel has a lower amount of Cr in the martensite phase than the ferrite phase, so a difference arises between the phases in the corrosion resistance and the corrosion resistance which is obtained in the average composition cannot be sufficiently obtained or the aging due to corrosion will differ between the phases and thereby unevenness of gloss or hue will occur and the beautiful appearance will be impaired. 
     CITATIONS LIST 
     Patent Literature 
     
         
         PLT 1: Japanese Patent Publication No. 63-007338 A1 
         PLT 2: Japanese Patent Publication No. 63-169330 A1 
         PLT 3: Japanese Patent Publication No. 07-138704 A1 
         PLT 4: Japanese Patent Publication No. 2002-105601 A1 
       
    
     SUMMARY OF INVENTION 
     Technical Problem 
     There are diverse usages and applications for high strength stainless steel. For cutlery knives, SUS420J1 steel is used, for railroad rolling stock, SUS301 is used, for springs, SUS630, dual-phase structure stainless steel, etc. are used. Materials are being selected based on the corrosion resistance and mechanical properties which are required for the environment. 
     In recent years, high strength stainless steel which has a higher corrosion resistance than existing stainless steel, has abrasion resistance and high flatness, and is inexpensive in price has become necessary. 
     In general, as elements which improve the corrosion resistance, Cr, Mo, and N are known. By increasing the contents of these elements, the corrosion resistance is improved, but the phase balance changes, so the targeted high strength can no longer be achieved. 
     The present invention was made to solve such a problem and has as its object to provide stainless steel which particularly improves the corrosion resistance of the martensite phase, achieves a corrosion resistance corresponding to 18 to 19Cr steel by a 17Cr base, withstands severe outdoor corrosion and abrasive environments, is free from reduction of long term performance as a mirror surface, is inexpensive, and is high in strength. 
     Solution to Problem 
     The inventors engaged in various studies on the method of improving the corrosion resistance in stainless steel which is based on 15 to 17Cr steel and has a ferrite and martensite dual-phase structure. 
     As a result, they discovered that by adding a minute amount of Sn, it is possible to improve the corrosion resistance without causing a drop in the strength. 
     The reason why Sn acts to improve the corrosion resistance of dual-phase structure stainless steel is believed to be the formation and strengthening of a passivation film in the same way as Cr and Mo. 
     In general, as elements which improve the pitting resistance of stainless steel in a neutral chloride environment, Cr, Mo, and N are known. As an indicator of pitting resistance, PRE=Cr+3.3Mo+16 to 30N has been proposed. Sn is being used as an element which raises the high temperature strength, but there have been few examples of reports on utilization for the purpose of improving the corrosion resistance. 
     However, in stainless steel which has a martensite structure, a minute amount of Sn greatly improves the pitting resistance in a neutral chloride environment. This effect is exhibited in martensite steel and dual-phase structure stainless steel which has a ferrite and martensite dual-phase structure. 
     Dual-phase structure stainless steel which has a ferrite and martensite dual-phase structure differs in amount of Cr at the ferrite phase and the austenite phase at the time of dual-phase forming heat treatment, so usually the corrosion resistance of the martensite phase, which is obtained by transformation of the low Cr austenite phase, becomes lower than the ferrite phase and the corrosion resistance falls to less than the corrosion resistance corresponding to the amount of Cr of the average composition of the base material. 
     The inventors studied the methods for improving the corrosion resistance of martensitic stainless steel and as a result discovered that the effect of Sn in improving the corrosion resistance is large, in particular, the effect appears under a high dislocation density, that is, when having a high hardness, specifically, when having a hardness of a Vicker&#39;s hardness of 200 HV or more. 
     At the time of dual-phase forming heat treatment, the Sn concentrates at the ferrite phase in the same way as Cr and Mo. However, the martensite phase is improved more in corrosion resistance as an effect by Sn than the ferrite phase. As a result, while the martensite phase has less of an amount of Cr compared with the ferrite phase, the Sn makes up for the difference of Cr and improves the corrosion resistance whereby at least a corrosion resistance corresponding to the amount of Cr of the average composition of the dual-phase structure is obtained. 
     The present invention was made based on the above discovery and has as its gist the following:
     (1) Dual-phase structure stainless steel sheet and steel strip characterized by containing, by mass %,   

     C: 0.02 to 0.20%, 
     Si: 0.10 to 1.0%, 
     Mn: 0.20 to 2.0%, 
     P: 0.040% or less, 
     S: 0.010% or less, 
     Cr: 15.0 to 18.0%, 
     Ni: 0.5 to 2.5%, 
     Sn: 0.05 to 0.30, and 
     N: 0.010 to 0.10%, 
     having a γp defined by the following formula (a) in the range of 60 to 95, having a balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities, 
     having a ferrite and martensite dual-phase structure, and 
     having a Vicker&#39;s hardness of 200 HV or more:
 
γ p =420C+470N+23Ni+7Mn+9Cu−11.5Cr−11.5Si−12Mo−7Sn−49Ti−47Nb−52Al+189  (a)
     (2) Dual-phase structure stainless steel sheet and steel strip as set forth in (1) characterized by further containing, by mass %, one or more of   

     B: 0.0003 to 0.0050%, 
     Cu: 0.30 to 2.0%, 
     Mo: 0.30 to 2.0%, and 
     Al: 0.01 to 0.1%.
     (3) A method of production of dual-phase structure stainless steel sheet and steel strip characterized by comprising:   

     treating cold rolling stainless steel sheet or cold rolled stainless steel strip which has the composition of the above (1) or (2) by 
     heating it to a ferrite and austenite dual-phase region of 850 to 1100° C. and cooling it for dual-phase forming annealing to thereby cause the austenite phase to transform to martensite and 
     obtain a ferrite and martensite dual-phase structure at room temperature.
     (4) A method of production of dual-phase structure stainless steel sheet and steel strip as set forth in (3) characterized in that the cooling in the dual-phase forming annealing comprises cooling by a cooling speed of 20° C./s or more down to a 550° C. or less temperature.   (5) A method of production of dual-phase structure stainless steel sheet and steel strip as set forth in (3) or (4) characterized by further performing temper rolling and/or aging after the dual-phase forming annealing.   

     Advantageous Effects of Invention 
     According to the present invention, it is possible to inexpensively produce high strength dual-phase structure stainless steel which is particularly improved in the corrosion resistance of the martensite phase, achieves a corrosion resistance corresponding to 18 to 19Cr steel based on 17Cr without changing the phase balance, withstands severe outdoor corrosion and abrasive environments, and is free from a drop in the mirror surface gloss over a long term. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a view which shows the effect of addition of Sn on the corrosion resistance in ferrite structure stainless steel and dual-phase structure stainless steel. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS 
     Below, the chemical composition of the dual-phase structure stainless steel sheet and steel strip of the present invention will be explained. Below, “%” shall mean “mass %”. 
     C: 0.02 to 0.20% 
     C is an austenite stabilizing element and is particularly effective for strengthening the martensite by solid solution hardening. The undissolved carbides at the time of solution treatment have the effects of strengthening the martensite and raising the abrasion resistance. These effects become remarkable when the content of C becomes 0.02% or more. 
     However, along with the increase of the content of C, in the cooling process after the dual-phase forming annealing, Cr carbides precipitate and form Cr poor phases and thereby lower the corrosion resistance, so the so-called sensitization phenomenon easily occurs. Therefore, the content of C is made 0.20% or less. The preferable content of C is 0.10 to 0.15%. 
     Si: 0.10 to 1.0% 
     Si is a ferrite stabilizing element. It is large in solid solution hardening ability and causes the ferrite and martensite phases to harden. Further, in the steelmaking process, it also acts as a deoxidizing element. This action appears conspicuously when the content of Si is 0.10% or more. However, if the content of Si is over 1.0%, the phase balance suitable for dual-phase structure stainless steel can no longer be maintained. The preferable content of Si is 0.20 to 0.70%. 
     Mn: 0.20 to 2.0% 
     Mn is an austenite stabilizing element and is an alloy element which is required for obtaining a more suitable phase balance of austenite and ferrite at the time of dual-phase forming annealing, so is included in 0.20% or more. 
     The austenite stabilizing ability of Mn is about half that of Ni, but this is an element which is cheaper than Ni. On the other hand, the effect of lowering the Ms point is greater than Ni. Residual γ is formed and the hardness falls. Further, Mn is an element which obstructs oxidation resistance. The surface quality sometimes falls due to the oxidation at the time of annealing. Accordingly, as a range with little effect in impairing quality, the content of Mn is made 2.0% or less. The preferable content of Mn is 0.50 to 1.0%. 
     P: 0.040% or less 
     P is an element with a large solid solution hardening ability, but is a ferrite stabilizing element. Further, it is an element which is harmful to the corrosion resistance and toughness. The ferrochrome material of stainless steel contains this as an impurity, but there is no technique for removing P from a melt of stainless steel, so the purity and amount of the ferrochrome material used determines the amount of P. However, low P ferrochrome is expensive, so as the range not greatly degrading the material quality or corrosion resistance, the content of P is made 0.040% or less. The preferable content of P is 0.030% or less. 
     S: 0.010% or less 
     S forms sulfide inclusions and degrades the usual corrosion resistance of steel materials (general corrosion resistance and pitting resistance), so the content has to be made 0.010% or less. The smaller the content of S, the better the corrosion resistance, but reducing S increases the desulfurization load, so the lower limit is preferably made 0.003%. The preferable content of S is 0.003 to 0.008%. 
     Cr: 15.0 to 18.0% or less 
     Cr is an element which is effective for improving the usual corrosion resistance (general corrosion resistance and pitting resistance), but if the content is less than 15%, obtaining a sufficient corrosion resistance is difficult. Cr is a ferrite phase (α-phase) stabilizing element. If the content is over 18%, the stability of the austenite phase (γ-phase) falls and obtaining a high strength by forming a dual-phase structure becomes difficult. The preferable content of Cr is 15.5 to 17.5%. 
     Ni: 0.5 to 2.5% 
     Ni is an austenite phase stabilizing element and greatly affects the austenite phase percentage at the time dual-phase forming annealing. To obtain a suitable phase percentage, an amount of Ni corresponding to the amount of Cr is necessary, so the content is made 0.5% or more. Ni is an expensive element. Excessive addition increases the alloy cost, so the content is made 2.5% or less. The preferable content of Ni is 1.0 to 2.0%. 
     Sn: 0.05 to 0.30% 
     Sn is a ferrite phase stabilizing element and an element which is effective for improving the corrosion resistance of the martensite phase. Sn concentrates at the ferrite phase at the time of dual-phase forming annealing in the same way as Cr, but in a ferrite and martensite dual-phase structure, improves the corrosion resistance of the martensite phase as if compensating for the difference in the amount of Cr, so a corrosion resistance of at least the level corresponding to the amount of Cr of the average composition of the dual-phase structure is obtained. 
     To improve the corrosion resistance of the martensite phase, the content of Sn is made 0.05% or more. Even if adding Sn in over 0.30%, the effect of improvement of the corrosion resistance of the martensite phase by the Sn becomes saturated and the alloying cost is needlessly increased, so the content is made 0.30% or less. The preferable content of Sn is 0.1 to 0.25%. 
     N: 0.010 to 0.10% 
     N, like C, is an austenite stabilizing element and an element which is effective for strengthening the martensite, so the content is made 0.010% or more. Solute N acts to strengthen the passivation film or improve the corrosion resistance by suppressing sensitization. If excessively adding N, this causes gas porosity type defects, so the content is made 0.10% or less. The preferable content of N is 0.02 to 0.06%. 
     In addition to the above ingredients, in accordance with need, B, Cu, Mo, and Al may be added. 
     B: 0.0003 to 0.0050% 
     B has the effect of preventing edge cracks due to the difference in deformation resistance between the ferrite phase and the austenite phase in the hot rolling temperature region, so the content when added is made 0.0003% or more. If the content of B is over 0.0050%, a drop in corrosion resistance due to precipitation of borides or a drop in the hot workability occurs, so the content is made 0.0050% or less. The preferable content of B is 0.0005 to 0.0030%. 
     Cu: 0.3 to 2.0% 
     Cu is an austenite stabilizing element and an alloy element which is effective for obtaining a phase balance of austenite and ferrite at the time of dual-phase forming annealing, so is added in accordance with need. The content in the case of addition is 0.3% or more. The austenite stabilizing ability of Cu is about half that of Ni, but this is an element which is cheaper than Ni. 
     If excessively adding Cu, a drop in corrosion resistance due to precipitates and uneven gloss of the surface due to the drop in oxidation resistance occur, so the content is made 2.0% or less. The preferable content of Cu is 0.5 to 1.5%. 
     Mo: 0.3 to 2.0% 
     Mo is an element which has an effect of improving the corrosion resistance greater than Cr and is added in accordance with need. The content when added is made 0.3% or more. Mo, like Cr, concentrates at the ferrite and the time of dual-phase forming annealing and expands the difference in corrosion resistance between the ferrite and martensite. Further, it is an expensive element and causes a rise in the manufacturing cost, so the content is made 2.0% or less. The preferable content of Mo is 0.5 to 1.2%. 
     Al: 0.01 to 0.1% 
     Al is an additional ingredient which is effective as a deoxidizing agent. To obtain the deoxidizing effect, the content is made 0.01% or more. If including Al in a large amount, cluster-shaped high melting point oxides are formed and cause surface defects of the slab. Furthermore, the weldability also becomes poorer, so the content is made 0.1% or less. The preferable content of Al is 0.02 to 0.05%. 
     In addition, as impurities which are unavoidably contained in stainless steel, there are Nb, Ti, V, Ca, Mg, REM, Co, Y, Zr, etc. These elements enter from the slag in the refining process or the alloy materials and are not deliberately added. The unavoidably contained amounts are 0.01% or less or so. V is greater in unavoidably contained amount than other elements, that is, 0.05% or less. 
     γp: 60 to 95 
     The γp which is expressed by the following formula (a) is an indicator which expresses the maximum amount of the austenite phase in the dual-phase region of the ferrite phase and austenite phase of 1000 to 1150° C. and broadly matches the value expressed by the volume percentage % of the austenite phase.
 
γ p =420C+470N+23Ni+7Mn+9Cu−11.5Cr−11.5Si−12Mo−7Sn−49Ti−47Nb−52Al+189  (a)
 
     To obtain the amount of martensite which is required for the hardness after dual-phase forming annealing or furthermore after temper rolling or aging to exceed 200 in Vicker&#39;s hardness, it is necessary to make the formula of γp 60 to 95. 
     If γp is less than 60, the ferrite and martensite dual-phase structure will not become a sufficient hardness. Furthermore, if γp is 20 to 60, the hot workability at the time of hot rolling will fall and edge cracks will sometimes occur. 
     If γp is over 95%, the workability falls. 
     The characterizing feature of the present invention is the point of addition of Sn to dual-phase structure stainless steel. This effect will be explained below based on experimental findings. 
     First, as a representative stainless steel of a ferrite single phase structure, a melt basically comprised of SUS430LX steel, while as a representative example of a dual-phase structure, a melt basically comprised of 0.10C−0.5Si−0.35Mn−17.1Cr−1Ni−0.03Nsteel, were smelted in a vacuum melting furnace. These were cast while changing the amount of Sn in the range of 0 to 0.30%. 
     Next, the steel ingots were ground smooth at their surfaces, then were hot rolled to obtain thickness 3.0 mm hot rolled steel strips. 
     After this, ordinary methods were used for annealing, pickling, and cold rolling. The SUS430LX based steel was annealed at 880° C., while the 0.10C−0.5Si−0.35Mn−17.1Cr−1Ni−0.03N based steel was heated at 1000° C., then cooled for dual-phase forming annealing. 
     These materials were used as test materials for measurement of the pitting potential as prescribed in JIS G 0577.  FIG. 1  shows the relationship between the amount of addition of Sn and the pitting potential when making the pitting potential of a test material not containing Sn “1” (pitting potential ratio). 
     The effect of Sn in ferrite single-phase steel and dual-phase structure stainless steel greatly differ. In ferrite single-phase steel, as the amount of addition of Sn increases, the pitting potential increases by a constant ratio, while in dual-phase structure stainless steel, it is learned that the pitting potential rapidly rises from around addition of 0.05% of Sn. 
     In dual-phase structure steel, the corrosion resistance of the martensite phase is inferior to the ferrite phase, so in the region where the amount of addition of Sn is small, the corrosion resistance is governed by the corrosion resistance of the martensite phase. The martensite phase is improved more in corrosion resistance by the Sn than the ferrite phase, so if the amount of addition of Sn becomes greater, due to the effect of this, it is believed that the pitting potential rapidly rises. 
     In dual-phase structure stainless steel, the hardness is mainly governed by the amount of martensite, amount of solute carbon and nitrogen, tempering conditions, etc. and corresponds to the dislocation density. 
     The improvement in the corrosion resistance of the martensite phase due to the addition of Sn appears under a high dislocation density. As an indirect indicator of the corrosion resistance, in the stainless steel of the present invention, the Vicker&#39;s hardness is prescribed as being 200 HV or more. 
     The reason why the improvement of the corrosion resistance by Sn is manifested remarkably under a high dislocation density is not clear, but it is believed to be due to the promotion of strengthening of the passivation film. 
     To make the Vicker&#39;s hardness 200 HV or more, the cooling rate at the time of martensite transformation is preferably made 20° C./s within the range of the composition and γp prescribed by the present invention as explained later. 
     Next, the preferred method of production of the dual-phase structure stainless steel sheet and steel strip of the present invention will be explained. 
     First, stainless steel prepared to the above chemical composition is processed by ordinary methods by the steps of hot rolling, annealing of the hot rolled sheet, pickling, and cold rolling to obtain cold rolled stainless steel sheet (hereinafter referred to as “cold rolled steel sheet”) or cold rolled stainless steel strip (hereinafter referred to as “cold rolled steel strip”). 
     The heating temperature at the hot rolling is preferably 1140 to 1240° C. so as to secure the hot workability and prevent edge cracks of the end faces of the hot rolled sheet. 
     Further, the coiling temperature is preferably 600 to 800° C. for softening the hot rolled sheet. 
     The hot rolled sheet is annealed so as to soften the hot rolled sheet before cold rolling. A box-type annealing furnace is preferably used to perform this under conditions where it is held at 750 to 880° C. for 1 hour to 20 hours. 
     In the cold rolling which is performed after the pickling, from the viewpoints of productivity and homogenization of the structure, the cold rolling reduction is preferably made 60 to 80%. 
     After this, the cold rolled steel sheet or cold rolled steel strip is run through a continuous annealing furnace where it is heated to the ferrite and austenite dual-phase region. The heating temperature at this time is Ac1 or more. It has to be a temperature at which the ferrite recrystallizes, so it is made 850° C. or more. 
     The heating temperature affects the amount of austenite. In the range of Ac1 to 850° C., the amount of austenite greatly changes, so from the viewpoints of uniformity of structure and stability of material quality, 850° C. or more is preferable. 
     On the other hand, stainless steel which has a ferrite and austenite dual-phase structure is susceptible to creep deformation at a high temperature and easily elongates and is reduced in width in the running direction due to the running tension at the time of continuous heating. Creep deformation occurs more easily the higher the temperature, so the heating temperature is made not more than 1100° C. 
     If cooling stainless steel which has ferrite and austenite structures which are formed by heating at 850 to 1100° C. for dual-phase forming annealing, in the cooling process, the austenite phase transforms to the martensite phase resulting in a ferrite and martensite dual-phase structure at room temperature. 
     The critical cooling speed which is required for martensite transformation of dual-phase structure stainless steel is slower than the cooling speed which is required for suppressing sensitization, so the cooling speed is preferably at least the 20° C./s which is required for preventing sensitization. Cooling from the heating temperature to 550° C. or less is preferable. 
     The steel strip made a ferrite and martensite dual-phase structure was temper rolled and aged in accordance with need. 
     Temper rolling is aimed at strengthening the ferrite phase compared with the martensite, while the aging is aimed at improving the toughness of the martensite. 
     The temper rolling rate has to be at least 10% for strengthening the ferrite phase. If cold rolling a dual-phase structure material which already has high strength down to a high rolling reduction, the productivity becomes poor and edge cracks of the width ends sometimes occurs, so the temper rolling rate is preferably 50% or less. 
     The aging temperature is preferably at least 300° C. where aging becomes possible by continuous annealing. 550° C. or less is preferable from the viewpoint of suppressing sensitization at the time of annealing. 
     Example 1 
     The various types of stainless steels of the chemical compositions which are shown in Tables 1 and 2 were smelted in a vacuum melting furnace, heated at 1160° C. for 1 hour, then hot rolled to obtain thickness 3.0 mm hot rolled steel strips which were then placed in a 760° C. coiling reproducing furnace and furnace cooled. The hot rolled strips were annealed at 800° C. for 4 hours, then cooled at 25° C./hr down to 350° C., then air-cooled. 
     Furthermore, after pickling, cold rolling was used to form thickness 0.5 mm cold rolled steel strips. The cold rolled steel strips were processed by dual-phase forming annealing by a continuous annealing furnace and temper rolling under the conditions which are shown in Tables 3 and 4, then part of the strips were aged. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 1 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Steel 
                 C 
                 Si 
                 Mn 
                 P 
                 S 
                 Cr 
                 Ni 
                 Sn 
                 N 
                 B 
                 Cu 
                 Mo 
                 Al 
                 γp 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Inv. ex. 
                 A1 
                 0.020 
                 0.50 
                 1.50 
                 0.027 
                 0.003 
                 17.3 
                 1.00 
                 0.10 
                 0.100 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 72.5 
               
               
                   
                 A2 
                 0.150 
                 0.50 
                 0.35 
                 0.027 
                 0.008 
                 17.0 
                 1.00 
                 0.10 
                 0.030 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 89.6 
               
               
                   
                 A3 
                 0.200 
                 0.50 
                 0.35 
                 0.013 
                 0.008 
                 18.0 
                 0.50 
                 0.07 
                 0.020 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 83.1 
               
               
                   
                 A4 
                 0.080 
                 0.10 
                 0.35 
                 0.027 
                 0.008 
                 16.5 
                 1.00 
                 0.10 
                 0.030 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 70.6 
               
               
                   
                 A5 
                 0.090 
                 1.00 
                 0.35 
                 0.027 
                 0.007 
                 15.2 
                 0.80 
                 0.05 
                 0.030 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 75.1 
               
               
                   
                 A6 
                 0.092 
                 0.50 
                 0.20 
                 0.026 
                 0.008 
                 15.2 
                 1.00 
                 0.10 
                 0.025 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 82.5 
               
               
                   
                 A7 
                 0.102 
                 0.54 
                 2.00 
                 0.027 
                 0.006 
                 17.3 
                 1.00 
                 0.08 
                 0.030 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 77.2 
               
               
                   
                 A8 
                 0.078 
                 0.50 
                 0.35 
                 0.040 
                 0.008 
                 17.3 
                 2.00 
                 0.10 
                 0.030 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 78.9 
               
               
                   
                 A9 
                 0.152 
                 0.50 
                 0.35 
                 0.028 
                 0.010 
                 17.0 
                 1.00 
                 0.10 
                 0.025 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 88.1 
               
               
                   
                 A10 
                 0.080 
                 1.00 
                 0.20 
                 0.027 
                 0.008 
                 15.0 
                 0.50 
                 0.06 
                 0.035 
                   
                 0.01 
                   
                   
                 67.6 
               
               
                   
                 A11 
                 0.080 
                 0.53 
                 0.35 
                 0.027 
                 0.003 
                 16.5 
                 1.80 
                 0.20 
                 0.030 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 83.3 
               
               
                   
                 A12 
                 0.068 
                 0.50 
                 0.35 
                 0.027 
                 0.005 
                 16.8 
                 1.00 
                 0.13 
                 0.060 
                   
                   
                 0.02 
                   
                 71.1 
               
               
                   
                 A13 
                 0.050 
                 0.52 
                 0.31 
                 0.027 
                 0.003 
                 17.1 
                 2.50 
                 0.10 
                 0.035 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 82.8 
               
               
                   
                 A14 
                 0.102 
                 0.50 
                 0.35 
                 0.027 
                 0.003 
                 17.3 
                 1.00 
                 0.05 
                 0.030 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 66.3 
               
               
                   
                 A15 
                 0.130 
                 0.51 
                 0.35 
                 0.027 
                 0.004 
                 17.3 
                 1.00 
                 0.30 
                 0.030 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 76.2 
               
               
                   
                 A16 
                 0.104 
                 0.50 
                 0.35 
                 0.028 
                 0.003 
                 17.2 
                 1.50 
                 0.21 
                 0.052 
                 0.0003 
                   
                   
                   
                 89.1 
               
               
                   
                 A17 
                 0.117 
                 0.48 
                 0.56 
                 0.027 
                 0.003 
                 17.3 
                 1.00 
                 0.10 
                 0.030 
                 0.0050 
                   
                   
                   
                 74.0 
               
               
                   
                 A18 
                 0.085 
                 0.50 
                 0.35 
                 0.027 
                 0.009 
                 17.3 
                 1.80 
                 0.08 
                 0.010 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 68.0 
               
               
                   
                 A19 
                 0.150 
                 0.42 
                 0.45 
                 0.023 
                 0.003 
                 17.3 
                 1.00 
                 0.10 
                 0.032 
                   
                 0.30 
                   
                 0.01 
                 91.4 
               
               
                   
                 A20 
                 0.030 
                 0.50 
                 2.00 
                 0.027 
                 0.003 
                 16.0 
                 0.50 
                 0.21 
                 0.020 
                   
                 2.00 
                   
                   
                 63.3 
               
               
                   
                 A21 
                 0.095 
                 0.48 
                 0.45 
                 0.028 
                 0.010 
                 17.3 
                 1.00 
                 0.18 
                 0.060 
                   
                   
                 0.30 
                   
                 73.9 
               
               
                   
                 A22 
                 0.150 
                 0.48 
                 0.45 
                 0.028 
                 0.003 
                 17.3 
                 1.70 
                 0.11 
                 0.032 
                   
                   
                 2.00 
                   
                 80.1 
               
               
                   
                 A23 
                 0.150 
                 0.90 
                 0.45 
                 0.027 
                 0.003 
                 17.3 
                 1.00 
                 0.10 
                 0.032 
                   
                   
                   
                 0.02 
                 83.2 
               
               
                   
                 A29 
                 0.150 
                 0.50 
                 0.45 
                 0.027 
                 0.003 
                 17.6 
                 1.00 
                 0.21 
                 0.032 
                   
                   
                   
                 0.10 
                 83.6 
               
               
                   
                 A30 
                 0.102 
                 0.41 
                 0.44 
                 0.030 
                 0.006 
                 18.0 
                 0.59 
                 0.17 
                 0.052 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 60.0 
               
               
                   
                 A31 
                 0.147 
                 0.56 
                 1.10 
                 0.027 
                 0.003 
                 16.3 
                 0.70 
                 0.10 
                 0.032 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 95.0 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 2 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Steel 
                 C 
                 Si 
                 Mn 
                 P 
                 S 
                 Cr 
                 Ni 
                 Sn 
                 N 
                 B 
                 Cu 
                 Mo 
                 Al 
                 γp 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Comp. ex. 
                 a32 
                 
                   0.010 
                 
                 0.50 
                 0.35 
                 0.027 
                 0.003 
                 17.3 
                 1.25 
                 0.10 
                 0.020 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 
                   28.4 
                 
               
               
                   
                 a33 
                 
                   0.210 
                 
                 0.50 
                 0.35 
                 0.027 
                 0.008 
                 17.2 
                 0.80 
                 
                   0.00 
                 
                 0.030 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   108.6   
               
               
                   
                 a34 
                 0.200 
                 
                   1.20 
                 
                 0.35 
                 0.013 
                 0.008 
                 18.0 
                 0.50 
                 
                   0.00 
                 
                 0.020 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 75.6 
               
               
                   
                 a35 
                 0.050 
                 1.00 
                 
                   2.10 
                 
                 0.027 
                 0.008 
                 16.5 
                 
                   0.08 
                 
                 0.10 
                 0.025 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 
                   36.3 
                 
               
               
                   
                 a36 
                 0.152 
                 
                   2.00 
                 
                 0.35 
                 
                   0.042 
                 
                 0.007 
                 15.1 
                 
                   0.08 
                 
                 0.05 
                 0.030 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 74.2 
               
               
                   
                 a37 
                 0.092 
                 
                   0.05 
                 
                 1.00 
                 0.026 
                 
                   0.012 
                 
                 15.2 
                 1.00 
                 
                   0.35 
                 
                 0.025 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 91.6 
               
               
                   
                 a38 
                 0.102 
                 0.54 
                 2.00 
                 0.027 
                 0.006 
                 
                   14.8 
                 
                 
                   0.07 
                 
                 0.08 
                 0.030 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 84.6 
               
               
                   
                 a39 
                 0.020 
                 0.50 
                 
                   0.18 
                 
                 0.040 
                 0.008 
                 
                   18.2 
                 
                 
                   0.00 
                 
                 
                   0.00 
                 
                 0.030 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 
                   −2.3 
                 
               
               
                   
                 a40 
                 0.050 
                 0.50 
                 0.35 
                 0.028 
                 0.010 
                 17.0 
                 
                   0.44 
                 
                 
                   0.00 
                 
                 
                   0.008 
                 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 
                   25.1 
                 
               
               
                   
                 a41 
                 0.100 
                 0.51 
                 0.33 
                 0.027 
                 0.008 
                 17.4 
                 
                   2.60 
                 
                 0.06 
                 0.035 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   103.2   
               
               
                   
                 a42 
                 0.080 
                 0.53 
                 0.35 
                 0.027 
                 0.003 
                 16.5 
                 1.80 
                 
                   0.04 
                 
                 0.030 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 84.4 
               
               
                   
                 a43 
                 0.050 
                 0.52 
                 0.31 
                 0.027 
                 0.003 
                 16.9 
                 2.50 
                 0.10 
                 0.035 
                 
                   0.0060 
                 
                   
                   
                   
                 85.1 
               
               
                   
                 a44 
                 0.057 
                 0.50 
                 0.35 
                 0.027 
                 0.003 
                 17.3 
                 1.00 
                 
                   0.00 
                 
                 
                   0.105 
                 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 83.0 
               
               
                   
                 a45 
                 0.063 
                 0.51 
                 0.35 
                 0.027 
                 0.004 
                 17.3 
                 1.00 
                 
                   0.00 
                 
                 0.030 
                   
                 
                   2.10 
                 
                   
                   
                 69.1 
               
               
                   
                 a46 
                 0.060 
                 0.50 
                 0.35 
                 0.028 
                 0.003 
                 17.1 
                 1.50 
                 
                   0.00 
                 
                 0.052 
                   
                   
                 
                   2.20 
                 
                   
                 
                   46.8 
                 
               
               
                   
                 a47 
                 0.151 
                 0.80 
                 0.68 
                 0.027 
                 0.003 
                 16.8 
                 1.17 
                 
                   0.00 
                 
                 0.032 
                   
                   
                   
                 
                   0.12 
                 
                 
                   96.7 
                 
               
               
                   
                 a48 
                 0.050 
                 0.48 
                 0.45 
                 0.028 
                 0.010 
                 18.0 
                 1.00 
                 
                   0.00 
                 
                 0.060 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 
                   51.8 
                 
               
               
                   
                 a49 
                 0.100 
                 0.48 
                 0.45 
                 0.028 
                 0.010 
                 
                   12.5 
                 
                 
                   0.20 
                 
                 0.10 
                 0.060 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   117.0   
               
               
                   
                 a50 
                 0.150 
                 0.48 
                 0.45 
                 0.028 
                 0.010 
                 16.1 
                 1.70 
                 
                   0.00 
                 
                 0.030 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   117.7   
               
               
                   
                 a51 
                 0.075 
                 0.35 
                 0.60 
                 0.028 
                 0.010 
                 16.7 
                 
                   0.00 
                 
                 
                   0.00 
                 
                 0.035 
                   
                   
                   
                 0.08 
                 
                   45.1 
                 
               
               
                   
                 a52 
                 
                   0.300 
                 
                 0.48 
                 0.45 
                 0.028 
                 0.003 
                 16.5 
                 0.50 
                 
                   0.00 
                 
                 0.032 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   149.4   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Note) 
               
               
                 Underlines indicate outside scope of invention. 
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 3 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Dual-phase 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 forming 
                 Temper 
               
               
                   
                   
                 annealing 
                 rolling 
                 Aging 
               
               
                   
                   
                 temperature 
                 rate 
                 temperature 
               
               
                   
                 Steel 
                 (° C.) 
                 (%) 
                 (° C.) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Inv. ex. 
                 A1 
                 1100 
                 30  
                 — 
               
               
                   
                   
                 A2 
                 980 
                 — 
                 250 
               
               
                   
                   
                 A3 
                 1080 
                 1 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                   
                 A4 
                 850 
                 — 
                 300 
               
               
                   
                   
                 A5 
                 1050 
                 5 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                   
                 A6 
                 1080 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                   
                 A7 
                 1020 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                   
                 A8 
                 1040 
                 10  
                 — 
               
               
                   
                   
                 A9 
                 1090 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                   
                 A10 
                 900 
                 — 
                 300 
               
               
                   
                   
                 A11 
                 1050 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                   
                 A12 
                 1100 
                 5 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                   
                 A13 
                 1040 
                 2 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                   
                 A14 
                 1020 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                   
                 A15 
                 1080 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                   
                 A16 
                 920 
                 — 
                 300 
               
               
                   
                   
                 A17 
                 1090 
                 1 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                   
                 A18 
                 1070 
                 — 
                 250 
               
               
                   
                   
                 A19 
                 950 
                 1 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                   
                 A20 
                 1080 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                   
                 A21 
                 1080 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                   
                 A22 
                 1060 
                 2 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                   
                 A23 
                 1070 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                   
                 A29 
                 1080 
                 3 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                   
                 A30 
                 1050 
                 20  
                 — 
               
               
                   
                   
                 A31 
                 1090 
                 — 
                 250 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 4 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Dual-phase forming 
                 Temper 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 annealing 
                 rolling 
                 Aging 
               
               
                   
                   
                 temperature 
                 rate 
                 temperature 
               
               
                   
                 Steel 
                 (° C.) 
                 (%) 
                 (° C.) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Comp. ex. 
                 a32 
                 920 
                 50 
                 300 
               
               
                   
                 a33 
                 1050 
                 — 
                 250 
               
               
                   
                 a34 
                 1080 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                 a35 
                 1070 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                 a36 
                 1050 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                 a37 
                 1060 
                 10 
                 200 
               
               
                   
                 a38 
                 1080 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                 a39 
                 1090 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                 a40 
                 900 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                 a41 
                 1080 
                 — 
                 200 
               
               
                   
                 a42 
                 1040 
                  5 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                 a43 
                 1040 
                 — 
                 250 
               
               
                   
                 a44 
                 1040 
                  2 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                 a45 
                 1100 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                 a46 
                 870 
                 20 
                 250 
               
               
                   
                 a47 
                 1080 
                 10 
                 250 
               
               
                   
                 a48 
                 1080 
                 — 
                 250 
               
               
                   
                 a49 
                 1000 
                 — 
                 200 
               
               
                   
                 a50 
                 1050 
                 — 
                 200 
               
               
                   
                 a51 
                 850 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                 a52 
                 1080 
                 — 
                 300 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     The steels A1 to A31 of Table 1 are stainless steels which satisfy the composition prescribed in the present invention, while the steels a32 to a52 of Table 2 are comparative examples. The steel a49 corresponds to SUS410, the steel a50 to SUS429J1, the steel a51 to SUS430, and the steel a52 to SUS431. 
     The obtained steel sheets were evaluated as follows: 
     The hardness was measured by the test method of Vicker&#39;s hardness prescribed in JIS 22244 and was measured from the surface of the steel sheet. 
     The amount of ferrite was identified by corrosively etching the structure by the Murakami reagent described in the Stainless Steel Handbook (issued 1976, 4th edition, p. 871), then combining microscopic observation and image analysis. 
     The corrosion resistance was evaluated by using the pitting potential measurement method of stainless steel prescribed in JIS G0577 and judging samples exhibiting a value the same or higher than SUS430LX steel as “good (+)” and samples exhibiting a lower value as “poor (−)”. 
     The weather resistance was evaluated by testing a test piece which was polished to a mirror surface by a test repeating for six cycles a one-month exposure test outdoors and an abrasion test of plastic prescribed in JIS K7205 and evaluating the degree of deterioration of the mirror surface gloss. 
     The mirror surface glossiness was measured by the method 5 (GS20°) of the methods of measurement of mirror surface glossiness prescribed in JIS 28741. Samples where, as a result of measurement of the mirror surface glossiness, the drop in gloss was a small one of less than 50 were judged as “good (+)” and samples where a drop in gloss over 50 occurred were judged as “poor (−)”. 
     In the plastic abrasion test, to suppress abrasion and damage of the tester, a 400 HV5 or more material was used for the rotary disk. In the evaluation of the material quality, samples with a hardness of 200 HV or more and free from brittle fracture at the time of shearing were evaluated as “good (+)” and samples with a hardness of 200 HV or less or suffering from brittle fracture at the time of shearing were evaluated as “poor (−)”. 
     The edge cracks of a hot rolled sheet were evaluated by observing the hot rolled coil from the end faces, measuring the number of edge cracks, and ranking sheets with less than 0.25/km as “A”, 0.25/km to less than 1.25/km as “B”, 1.25/km to less than 2.5/km as “C”, and 2.5/km or more as “D”. 
     Tables 5 and 6 show the results of evaluation. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 5 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Am&#39;t of 
                   
                   
                   
                 Edge 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Hardness 
                 ferrite 
                 Corrosion 
                 Weather 
                 Material 
                 crack 
               
               
                   
                 Steel 
                 HV5 
                 (%) 
                 resistance 
                 resistance 
                 quality 
                 evaluation 
                 Remarks 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Inv. ex. 
                 A1 
                 344 
                 28 
                 + 
                 + 
                 + 
                 B 
                   
               
               
                   
                 A2 
                 488 
                 10 
                 + 
                 + 
                 + 
                 B 
               
               
                   
                 A3 
                 515 
                 17 
                 + 
                 + 
                 + 
                 B 
               
               
                   
                 A4 
                 340 
                 29 
                 + 
                 + 
                 + 
                 B 
               
               
                   
                 A5 
                 364 
                 25 
                 + 
                 + 
                 + 
                 B 
               
               
                   
                 A6 
                 379 
                 17 
                 + 
                 + 
                 + 
                 B 
               
               
                   
                 A7 
                 386 
                 23 
                 + 
                 + 
                 + 
                 B 
               
               
                   
                 A8 
                 356 
                 21 
                 + 
                 + 
                 + 
                 B 
               
               
                   
                 A9 
                 480 
                 12 
                 + 
                 + 
                 + 
                 B 
               
               
                   
                 A10 
                 339 
                 32 
                 + 
                 + 
                 + 
                 B 
               
               
                   
                 A11 
                 369 
                 17 
                 + 
                 + 
                 + 
                 B 
               
               
                   
                 A12 
                 359 
                 29 
                 + 
                 + 
                 + 
                 B 
               
               
                   
                 A13 
                 324 
                 17 
                 + 
                 + 
                 + 
                 B 
               
               
                   
                 A14 
                 357 
                 34 
                 + 
                 + 
                 + 
                 B 
               
               
                   
                 A15 
                 419 
                 24 
                 + 
                 + 
                 + 
                 B 
               
               
                   
                 A16 
                 449 
                 11 
                 + 
                 + 
                 + 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                 A17 
                 396 
                 26 
                 + 
                 + 
                 + 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                 A18 
                 318 
                 32 
                 + 
                 + 
                 + 
                 B 
               
               
                   
                 A19 
                 497 
                 9 
                 + 
                 + 
                 + 
                 B 
               
               
                   
                 A20 
                 238 
                 37 
                 + 
                 + 
                 + 
                 B 
               
               
                   
                 A21 
                 401 
                 26 
                 + 
                 + 
                 + 
                 B 
               
               
                   
                 A22 
                 457 
                 20 
                 + 
                 + 
                 + 
                 B 
               
               
                   
                 A23 
                 468 
                 17 
                 + 
                 + 
                 + 
                 B 
               
               
                   
                 A29 
                 470 
                 16 
                 + 
                 + 
                 + 
                 B 
               
               
                   
                 A30 
                 359 
                 40 
                 + 
                 + 
                 + 
                 B 
               
               
                   
                 A31 
                 505 
                 5 
                 + 
                 + 
                 + 
                 B 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 6 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Am&#39;t of 
                   
                   
                   
                 Edge 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Hardness 
                 ferrite 
                 Corrosion 
                 Weather 
                 Material 
                 crack 
               
               
                   
                 Steel 
                 HV5 
                 (%) 
                 resistance 
                 resistance 
                 quality 
                 evaluation 
                 Remarks 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Comp. ex. 
                 a32 
                 
                   160 
                 
                 75 
                 − 
                 − 
                 − 
                 D 
                   
               
               
                   
                 a33 
                 644 
                 0 
                 − 
                 − 
                 − 
                 B 
               
               
                   
                 a34 
                 484 
                 24 
                 − 
                 − 
                 − 
                 B 
               
               
                   
                 a35 
                 236 
                 64 
                 − 
                 − 
                 + 
                 D 
                 Uneven 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 gloss 
               
               
                   
                 a36 
                 438 
                 26 
                 − 
                 − 
                 + 
                 B 
               
               
                   
                 a37 
                 401 
                 8 
                 − 
                 − 
                 + 
                 B 
               
               
                   
                 a38 
                 406 
                 15 
                 − 
                 − 
                 + 
                 B 
               
               
                   
                 a39 
                 
                   178 
                 
                 100 
                 + 
                 − 
                 − 
                 B 
               
               
                   
                 a40 
                 
                   195 
                 
                 85 
                 − 
                 − 
                 − 
                 D 
               
               
                   
                 a41 
                 459 
                 0 
                 + 
                 + 
                 − 
                 B 
               
               
                   
                 a42 
                 371 
                 16 
                 − 
                 − 
                 + 
                 B 
               
               
                   
                 a43 
                 328 
                 15 
                 − 
                 − 
                 + 
                 B 
               
               
                   
                 a44 
                 429 
                 17 
                 − 
                 + 
                 + 
                 B 
                 Gas 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 porosity 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 type 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 defects 
               
               
                   
                 a45 
                 313 
                 31 
                 − 
                 − 
                 − 
                 B 
               
               
                   
                 a46 
                 
                   187 
                 
                 82 
                 + 
                 − 
                 − 
                 D 
               
               
                   
                 a47 
                 517 
                 3 
                 − 
                 − 
                 + 
                 B 
                 Inclusion 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 type 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 defects 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 increase 
               
               
                   
                 a48 
                 
                   197 
                 
                 75 
                 − 
                 − 
                 − 
                 D 
               
               
                   
                 a49 
                 450 
                 0 
                 − 
                 − 
                 − 
                 B 
               
               
                   
                 a50 
                 420 
                 0 
                 − 
                 + 
                 − 
                 B 
               
               
                   
                 a51 
                 
                   180 
                 
                 100 
                 − 
                 − 
                 − 
                 D 
               
               
                   
                 a52 
                 550 
                 0 
                 − 
                 + 
                 − 
                 B 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Note) 
               
               
                 Underlines indicate outside scope of invention. 
               
             
          
         
       
     
     It was confirmed that by dual-phase forming annealing a cold rolled steel strip of the scope of ingredients prescribed in the present invention, it was possible to obtain a material excellent in corrosion resistance, weather resistance, and material quality. 
     Furthermore, the steels A16 and A17 with B added had extremely little edge cracks at the width ends of the hot rolled sheets and exhibited excellent end face properties. 
     In the comparative examples, the steels a33, a34, a39, a40, a42, a44 to a48, and a50 to a52 with contents of Sn of less than 0.05%, the steels a38, a39, and a49 with contents of Cr of less than 15%, the steel a37 with a content of S of over 0.01%, the steel a36 with a P of over 0.04%, and the steel a43 with a B of over 0.0050% were poor in corrosion resistance. 
     The steels a39 and a46 with a γp of less than 60 were good in corrosion resistance, but deteriorated upon abrasion and were poor in weather resistance. 
     The steel a32 with a C of less than 0.020 the steel a39 with a Cr of over 18%, an Sn of 0%, and a hardness of less than 200 HV was poor in corrosion resistance, further deteriorated upon abrasion, and was poor in weather resistance. 
     The steels a33, a41, a49, a50, and a52 with a γp of over 95 or a C of over 0.20% and the steel a45 with a Cu of over 2% became too hard, so the material quality was poor. 
     The steel a35 had an Mn of over 2%, so uneven gloss occurred at the time of dual-phase forming annealing and the result was poor. 
     The steel a41 had an Ni of over 2.5%, so the result was unsuitable in terms of costs as well. 
     The steel a44 had an N of over 0.09%, so gas porosity type defects appeared at the surface and the result was poor. 
     The steel a47 had an Al of over 0.1%, so inclusion type defects occurred and the result was poor. 
     Example 2 
     The various types of stainless steels of the chemical compositions which are shown in Tables 7 and 8 were smelted in a vacuum melting furnace, heated at 1160° C. for 1 hour, then hot rolled to obtain thickness 3.0 mm hot rolled steel strips which were then placed in a 760° C. coiling reproducing furnace and furnace cooled. The hot rolled strips were annealed at 800° C. for 4 hours, then cooled at 25° C./hr down to 350° C., then air-cooled. 
     Furthermore, after pickling, cold rolling was used to form thickness 0.5 mm cold rolled steel strips. The cold rolled steel strips were processed by dual-phase forming annealing by a continuous annealing furnace and temper rolling under the conditions which are shown in Tables 9 and 10, then part of the strips were aged. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 7 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Steel 
                 C 
                 Si 
                 Mn 
                 P 
                 S 
                 Cr 
                 Ni 
                 Sn 
                 N 
                 B 
                 Cu 
                 Mo 
                 Al 
                 γp 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Inv. ex. 
                 B1 
                 0.020 
                 0.50 
                 1.50 
                 0.027 
                 0.003 
                 17.3 
                 1.00 
                 0.10 
                 0.0015 
                 0.100 
                   
                   
                   
                 72.5 
               
               
                   
                 B2 
                 0.150 
                 0.50 
                 0.35 
                 0.027 
                 0.008 
                 17.0 
                 1.00 
                 0.10 
                 0.0015 
                 0.030 
                   
                   
                   
                 89.6 
               
               
                   
                 B3 
                 0.200 
                 0.50 
                 0.35 
                 0.013 
                 0.008 
                 18.0 
                 0.50 
                 0.07 
                 0.0015 
                 0.020 
                   
                   
                   
                 83.1 
               
               
                   
                 B4 
                 0.080 
                 0.10 
                 0.35 
                 0.027 
                 0.008 
                 16.5 
                 1.00 
                 0.10 
                 0.0050 
                 0.030 
                   
                   
                   
                 70.6 
               
               
                   
                 B5 
                 0.090 
                 1.00 
                 0.35 
                 0.027 
                 0.007 
                 15.2 
                 0.80 
                 0.05 
                 0.0015 
                 0.030 
                   
                   
                   
                 75.1 
               
               
                   
                 B6 
                 0.092 
                 0.50 
                 0.20 
                 0.026 
                 0.008 
                 15.2 
                 1.00 
                 0.10 
                 0.0015 
                 0.025 
                   
                   
                   
                 82.5 
               
               
                   
                 B7 
                 0.102 
                 0.54 
                 2.00 
                 0.027 
                 0.006 
                 17.3 
                 1.00 
                 0.08 
                 0.0015 
                 0.030 
                   
                   
                   
                 77.2 
               
               
                   
                 B8 
                 0.078 
                 0.50 
                 0.35 
                 0.040 
                 0.008 
                 17.3 
                 2.00 
                 0.10 
                 0.0010 
                 0.030 
                   
                   
                   
                 78.9 
               
               
                   
                 B9 
                 0.152 
                 0.50 
                 0.35 
                 0.028 
                 0.010 
                 17.0 
                 1.00 
                 0.10 
                 0.0015 
                 0.025 
                   
                   
                   
                 88.1 
               
               
                   
                 B10 
                 0.080 
                 1.00 
                 0.20 
                 0.027 
                 0.008 
                 15.0 
                 0.50 
                 0.06 
                 0.0008 
                 0.035 
                 0.01 
                   
                   
                 67.6 
               
               
                   
                 B11 
                 0.080 
                 0.53 
                 0.35 
                 0.027 
                 0.003 
                 16.5 
                 1.80 
                 0.20 
                 0.0015 
                 0.030 
                   
                   
                   
                 83.3 
               
               
                   
                 B12 
                 0.068 
                 0.50 
                 0.35 
                 0.027 
                 0.005 
                 16.8 
                 1.00 
                 0.13 
                 0.0015 
                 0.060 
                   
                 0.02 
                   
                 71.1 
               
               
                   
                 B13 
                 0.050 
                 0.52 
                 0.31 
                 0.027 
                 0.003 
                 17.1 
                 2.50 
                 0.10 
                 0.0015 
                 0.035 
                   
                   
                   
                 82.8 
               
               
                   
                 B14 
                 0.102 
                 0.50 
                 0.35 
                 0.027 
                 0.003 
                 17.3 
                 1.00 
                 0.05 
                 0.0010 
                 0.030 
                   
                   
                   
                 66.3 
               
               
                   
                 B15 
                 0.130 
                 0.51 
                 0.35 
                 0.027 
                 0.004 
                 17.3 
                 1.00 
                 0.30 
                 0.0015 
                 0.030 
                   
                   
                   
                 76.2 
               
               
                   
                 B16 
                 0.104 
                 0.50 
                 0.35 
                 0.028 
                 0.003 
                 17.2 
                 1.50 
                 0.21 
                 0.0003 
                 0.052 
                   
                   
                   
                 89.1 
               
               
                   
                 B17 
                 0.117 
                 0.48 
                 0.56 
                 0.027 
                 0.003 
                 17.3 
                 1.00 
                 0.10 
                 0.0050 
                 0.030 
                   
                   
                   
                 74.0 
               
               
                   
                 B18 
                 0.085 
                 0.50 
                 0.35 
                 0.027 
                 0.009 
                 17.3 
                 1.80 
                 0.08 
                 0.0015 
                 0.010 
                   
                   
                   
                 68.0 
               
               
                   
                 B19 
                 0.150 
                 0.42 
                 0.45 
                 0.023 
                 0.003 
                 17.3 
                 1.00 
                 0.10 
                 0.0015 
                 0.032 
                 0.05 
                   
                 0.01 
                 89.2 
               
               
                   
                 B20 
                 0.080 
                 0.80 
                 0.68 
                 0.027 
                 0.003 
                 18.0 
                 1.00 
                 0.21 
                 0.0015 
                 0.032 
                 2.00 
                   
                   
                 65.7 
               
               
                   
                 B21 
                 0.095 
                 0.48 
                 0.45 
                 0.028 
                 0.010 
                 17.3 
                 1.00 
                 0.18 
                 0.0012 
                 0.060 
                   
                 0.05 
                   
                 76.9 
               
               
                   
                 B22 
                 0.150 
                 0.48 
                 0.45 
                 0.028 
                 0.003 
                 17.3 
                 1.70 
                 0.11 
                 0.0015 
                 0.032 
                   
                 2.00 
                   
                 80.1 
               
               
                   
                 B23 
                 0.150 
                 0.90 
                 0.45 
                 0.027 
                 0.003 
                 17.3 
                 1.00 
                 0.10 
                 0.0015 
                 0.032 
                   
                   
                 0.02 
                 83.2 
               
               
                   
                 B29 
                 0.150 
                 0.50 
                 0.45 
                 0.027 
                 0.003 
                 17.6 
                 1.00 
                 0.21 
                 0.0015 
                 0.032 
                   
                   
                 0.10 
                 83.6 
               
               
                   
                 B30 
                 0.102 
                 0.41 
                 0.44 
                 0.030 
                 0.006 
                 18.0 
                 0.59 
                 0.17 
                 0.0015 
                 0.052 
                   
                   
                   
                 60.0 
               
               
                   
                 B31 
                 0.147 
                 0.56 
                 1.10 
                 0.027 
                 0.003 
                 16.3 
                 0.70 
                 0.10 
                 0.0040 
                 0.032 
                   
                   
                   
                 95.0 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 8 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Steel 
                 C 
                 Si 
                 Mn 
                 P 
                 S 
                 Cr 
                 Ni 
                 Sn 
                 N 
                 B 
                 Cu 
                 Mo 
                 Al 
                 γp 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Comp. ex. 
                 b32 
                 
                   0.010 
                 
                 0.50 
                 0.35 
                 0.027 
                 0.003 
                 17.3 
                 1.25 
                 
                   0.00 
                 
                 0.0015 
                 0.020 
                   
                   
                   
                 
                   29.1 
                 
               
               
                   
                 b33 
                 
                   0.210 
                 
                 0.50 
                 0.35 
                 0.027 
                 0.008 
                 17.2 
                 0.80 
                 
                   0.00 
                 
                 0.0015 
                 0.030 
                   
                   
                   
                   108.6   
               
               
                   
                 b34 
                 0.200 
                 
                   2.10 
                 
                 0.35 
                 0.013 
                 0.008 
                 18.0 
                 0.50 
                 
                   0.00 
                 
                 0.0015 
                 0.020 
                   
                   
                   
                 65.2 
               
               
                   
                 b35 
                 0.050 
                 1.00 
                 
                   2.10 
                 
                 0.027 
                 0.008 
                 16.5 
                 
                   0.08 
                 
                 0.10 
                 0.0050 
                 0.025 
                   
                   
                   
                 
                   36.3 
                 
               
               
                   
                 b36 
                 0.152 
                 
                   2.00 
                 
                 0.35 
                 
                   0.042 
                 
                 0.007 
                 15.1 
                 
                   0.08 
                 
                 0.05 
                 0.0015 
                 0.030 
                   
                   
                   
                 74.2 
               
               
                   
                 b37 
                 0.092 
                 
                   0.05 
                 
                 1.00 
                 0.026 
                 
                   0.012 
                 
                 15.2 
                 1.00 
                 
                   0.35 
                 
                 0.0015 
                 0.025 
                   
                   
                   
                 91.6 
               
               
                   
                 b38 
                 0.102 
                 0.54 
                 2.00 
                 0.027 
                 0.006 
                 
                   14.8 
                 
                 
                   0.07 
                 
                 0.08 
                 0.0015 
                 0.030 
                   
                   
                   
                 84.6 
               
               
                   
                 b39 
                 0.020 
                 0.50 
                 
                   0.20 
                 
                 0.040 
                 0.008 
                 
                   18.2 
                 
                 
                   0.00 
                 
                 
                   0.00 
                 
                 0.0010 
                 0.030 
                   
                   
                   
                 
                   −2.1 
                 
               
               
                   
                 b40 
                 0.050 
                 0.50 
                 0.35 
                 0.028 
                 0.010 
                 17.0 
                 
                   0.44 
                 
                 
                   0.00 
                 
                 0.0015 
                 
                   0.008 
                 
                   
                   
                   
                 
                   25.1 
                 
               
               
                   
                 b41 
                 0.100 
                 0.51 
                 0.33 
                 0.027 
                 0.008 
                 17.4 
                 
                   2.60 
                 
                 0.06 
                 0.0008 
                 0.035 
                   
                   
                   
                   103.2   
               
               
                   
                 b42 
                 0.080 
                 0.53 
                 0.35 
                 0.027 
                 0.003 
                 16.5 
                 1.80 
                 
                   0.04 
                 
                 0.0015 
                 0.030 
                   
                   
                   
                 84.4 
               
               
                   
                 b43 
                 0.050 
                 0.52 
                 0.31 
                 0.027 
                 0.003 
                 16.9 
                 2.50 
                 0.10 
                 
                   0.0060 
                 
                 0.035 
                   
                   
                   
                 85.1 
               
               
                   
                 b44 
                 0.057 
                 0.50 
                 0.35 
                 0.027 
                 0.003 
                 17.3 
                 1.00 
                 
                   0.00 
                 
                 0.0010 
                 
                   0.105 
                 
                   
                   
                   
                 83.0 
               
               
                   
                 b45 
                 0.063 
                 0.51 
                 0.35 
                 0.027 
                 0.004 
                 17.3 
                 1.00 
                 
                   0.00 
                 
                 0.0015 
                 0.030 
                 
                   2.10 
                 
                   
                   
                 69.1 
               
               
                   
                 b46 
                 0.060 
                 0.50 
                 0.35 
                 0.028 
                 0.003 
                 17.1 
                 1.50 
                 
                   0.00 
                 
                 0.0000 
                 0.052 
                   
                 
                   2.20 
                 
                   
                 
                   46.8 
                 
               
               
                   
                 b47 
                 0.151 
                 0.80 
                 0.68 
                 0.027 
                 0.003 
                 16.8 
                 1.17 
                 
                   0.00 
                 
                 0.0015 
                 0.032 
                   
                   
                 
                   0.12 
                 
                 
                   96.7 
                 
               
               
                   
                 b48 
                 0.050 
                 0.48 
                 0.45 
                 0.028 
                 0.010 
                 18.0 
                 1.00 
                 
                   0.00 
                 
                 0.0012 
                 0.060 
                   
                   
                   
                 
                   51.8 
                 
               
               
                   
                 b49 
                 0.100 
                 0.48 
                 0.45 
                 0.028 
                 0.010 
                 
                   12.5 
                 
                 
                   0.20 
                 
                 
                   0.00 
                 
                 0.0012 
                 0.060 
                   
                   
                   
                   117.7   
               
               
                   
                 b50 
                 0.150 
                 0.48 
                 0.45 
                 0.028 
                 0.010 
                 16.1 
                 1.70 
                 
                   0.00 
                 
                 0.0012 
                 0.030 
                   
                   
                   
                   117.7   
               
               
                   
                 b51 
                 0.075 
                 0.35 
                 0.60 
                 0.028 
                 0.010 
                 16.7 
                 
                   0.00 
                 
                 
                   0.00 
                 
                 0.0012 
                 0.035 
                   
                   
                 0.08 
                 
                   45.1 
                 
               
               
                   
                 b52 
                 
                   0.300 
                 
                 0.48 
                 0.45 
                 0.028 
                 0.003 
                 16.5 
                 0.50 
                 
                   0.00 
                 
                 0.0015 
                 0.032 
                   
                   
                   
                   149.4   
               
               
                   
                 b32 
                 
                   0.010 
                 
                 0.50 
                 0.35 
                 0.027 
                 0.003 
                 17.3 
                 1.25 
                 
                   0.00 
                 
                 0.0015 
                 0.020 
                   
                   
                   
                 
                   29.1 
                 
               
               
                   
                 b33 
                 
                   0.210 
                 
                 0.50 
                 0.35 
                 0.027 
                 0.008 
                 17.2 
                 0.80 
                 
                   0.00 
                 
                 0.0015 
                 0.030 
                   
                   
                   
                   108.6   
               
               
                   
                 b34 
                 0.200 
                 
                   2.10 
                 
                 0.35 
                 0.013 
                 0.008 
                 18.0 
                 0.50 
                 
                   0.00 
                 
                 0.0015 
                 0.020 
                   
                   
                   
                 65.2 
               
               
                   
                 b35 
                 0.050 
                 1.00 
                 
                   2.10 
                 
                 0.027 
                 0.008 
                 16.5 
                 
                   0.08 
                 
                 0.10 
                 0.0050 
                 0.025 
                   
                   
                   
                 
                   36.3 
                 
               
               
                   
                 b36 
                 0.152 
                 
                   2.00 
                 
                 0.35 
                 
                   0.042 
                 
                 0.007 
                 15.1 
                 
                   0.08 
                 
                 0.05 
                 0.0015 
                 0.030 
                   
                   
                   
                 74.2 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 9 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Dual-phase forming 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 annealing 
                 Temper 
                 Aging 
               
               
                   
                   
                 temperature 
                 rolling rate 
                 temperature 
               
               
                   
                 No. 
                 (° C.) 
                 (%) 
                 (° C.) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Inv. ex. 
                 B1 
                 1100 
                 30  
                 — 
               
               
                   
                 B2 
                 980 
                 — 
                 250 
               
               
                   
                 B3 
                 1080 
                 1 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                 B4 
                 850 
                 — 
                 300 
               
               
                   
                 B5 
                 1050 
                 5 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                 B6 
                 1080 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                 B7 
                 1020 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                 B8 
                 1040 
                 10  
                 — 
               
               
                   
                 B9 
                 1090 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                 B10 
                 900 
                 — 
                 300 
               
               
                   
                 B11 
                 1050 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                 B12 
                 1100 
                 5 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                 B13 
                 1040 
                 2 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                 B14 
                 1020 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                 B15 
                 1080 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                 B16 
                 920 
                 — 
                 300 
               
               
                   
                 B17 
                 1090 
                 1 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                 B18 
                 1070 
                 — 
                 250 
               
               
                   
                 B19 
                 950 
                 1 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                 B20 
                 1080 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                 B21 
                 1080 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                 B22 
                 1060 
                 2 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                 B23 
                 1070 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                 B29 
                 1080 
                 3 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                 B30 
                 1050 
                 20  
                 — 
               
               
                   
                 B31 
                 1090 
                   
                 250 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 10 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Dual-phase forming 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 annealing 
                 Temper 
                 Aging 
               
               
                   
                   
                 temperature 
                 rolling rate 
                 temperature 
               
               
                   
                 Steel 
                 (° C.) 
                 (%) 
                 (° C.) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Comp. ex. 
                 b32 
                 920 
                 50 
                 300 
               
               
                   
                 b33 
                 1050 
                 — 
                 250 
               
               
                   
                 b34 
                 1080 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                 b35 
                 1070 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                 b36 
                 1050 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                 b37 
                 1060 
                 10 
                 200 
               
               
                   
                 b38 
                 1080 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                 b39 
                 1090 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                 b40 
                 900 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                 b41 
                 1080 
                 — 
                 200 
               
               
                   
                 b42 
                 1040 
                  5 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                 b43 
                 1040 
                 — 
                 250 
               
               
                   
                 b44 
                 1040 
                  2 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                 b45 
                 1100 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                 b46 
                 870 
                 20 
                 250 
               
               
                   
                 b47 
                 1080 
                 10 
                 250 
               
               
                   
                 b48 
                 1080 
                 — 
                 250 
               
               
                   
                 b49 
                 1000 
                 — 
                 200 
               
               
                   
                 b50 
                 1050 
                 — 
                 200 
               
               
                   
                 b51 
                 850 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                 b52 
                 1080 
                 — 
                 300 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     The steels B1 to B31 of Table 7 are stainless steels which satisfy the composition which is prescribed in the present invention, while the steels b32 to b52 of Table 8 are comparative examples. The steel b49 corresponds to SUS410, the steel b50 to SUS429J1, the steel b51 to SUS430, and the steel b52 to SUS431. 
     The obtained steel sheets were evaluated in the same way as in Example 1. Tables 11 and 12 show the results. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 11 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Am&#39;t of 
                   
                   
                   
                 Edge 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Hardness 
                 ferrite 
                 Corrosion 
                 Weather 
                 Material 
                 crack 
               
               
                   
                 Steel 
                 HV5 
                 (%) 
                 resistance 
                 resistance 
                 quality 
                 score 
                 Remarks 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Inv. ex. 
                 B1 
                 344 
                 28 
                 + 
                 + 
                 + 
                 A 
                   
               
               
                   
                 B2 
                 488 
                 10 
                 + 
                 + 
                 + 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                 B3 
                 515 
                 17 
                 + 
                 + 
                 + 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                 B4 
                 340 
                 29 
                 + 
                 + 
                 + 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                 B5 
                 364 
                 25 
                 + 
                 + 
                 + 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                 B6 
                 379 
                 17 
                 + 
                 + 
                 + 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                 B7 
                 386 
                 23 
                 + 
                 + 
                 + 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                 B8 
                 356 
                 21 
                 + 
                 + 
                 + 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                 B9 
                 480 
                 12 
                 + 
                 + 
                 + 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                 B10 
                 339 
                 32 
                 + 
                 + 
                 + 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                 B11 
                 369 
                 17 
                 + 
                 + 
                 + 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                 B12 
                 359 
                 29 
                 + 
                 + 
                 + 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                 B13 
                 324 
                 17 
                 + 
                 + 
                 + 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                 B14 
                 357 
                 34 
                 + 
                 + 
                 + 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                 B15 
                 419 
                 24 
                 + 
                 + 
                 + 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                 B16 
                 449 
                 11 
                 + 
                 + 
                 + 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                 B17 
                 396 
                 26 
                 + 
                 + 
                 + 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                 B18 
                 318 
                 32 
                 + 
                 + 
                 + 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                 B19 
                 489 
                 11 
                 + 
                 + 
                 + 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                 B20 
                 331 
                 34 
                 + 
                 + 
                 + 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                 B21 
                 409 
                 23 
                 + 
                 + 
                 + 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                 B22 
                 457 
                 20 
                 + 
                 + 
                 + 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                 B23 
                 468 
                 17 
                 + 
                 + 
                 + 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                 B29 
                 470 
                 16 
                 + 
                 + 
                 + 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                 B30 
                 359 
                 40 
                 + 
                 + 
                 + 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                 B31 
                 505 
                 5 
                 + 
                 + 
                 + 
                 A 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 12 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Am&#39;t of 
                   
                   
                   
                 Edge 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Hardness 
                 ferrite 
                 Corrosion 
                 Weather 
                 Material 
                 crack 
               
               
                   
                 Steel 
                 HV5 
                 (%) 
                 resistance 
                 resistance 
                 quality 
                 score 
                 Remarks 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Comp. ex. 
                 b32 
                 
                   160 
                 
                 75 
                 − 
                 − 
                 + 
                 C 
                   
               
               
                   
                 b33 
                 644 
                 0 
                 − 
                 − 
                 − 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                 b34 
                 442 
                 35 
                 − 
                 − 
                 − 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                 b35 
                 236 
                 64 
                 − 
                 − 
                 + 
                 C 
                 Uneven 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 gloss 
               
               
                   
                 b36 
                 438 
                 26 
                 − 
                 − 
                 + 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                 b37 
                 401 
                 8 
                 − 
                 − 
                 + 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                 b38 
                 406 
                 15 
                 − 
                 − 
                 + 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                 b39 
                 
                   178 
                 
                 100 
                 + 
                 − 
                 + 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                 b40 
                 
                   195 
                 
                 85 
                 − 
                 − 
                 − 
                 C 
               
               
                   
                 b41 
                 459 
                 0 
                 + 
                 + 
                 − 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                 b42 
                 371 
                 16 
                 − 
                 − 
                 + 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                 b43 
                 328 
                 15 
                 − 
                 − 
                 + 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                 b44 
                 429 
                 17 
                 − 
                 + 
                 + 
                 A 
                 Gas 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 porosity- 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 type 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 defects 
               
               
                   
                 b45 
                 313 
                 31 
                 − 
                 − 
                 − 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                 b46 
                 
                   187 
                 
                 82 
                 + 
                 − 
                 + 
                 C 
               
               
                   
                 b47 
                 517 
                 3 
                 − 
                 − 
                 + 
                 A 
                 Increase 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 in 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 inclusion 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 type 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 defects 
               
               
                   
                 b48 
                 
                   197 
                 
                 75 
                 + 
                 − 
                 + 
                 C 
               
               
                   
                 b49 
                 450 
                 0 
                 − 
                 − 
                 − 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                 b50 
                 420 
                 0 
                 + 
                 + 
                 − 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                 b51 
                 
                   180 
                 
                 100 
                 − 
                 − 
                 + 
                 C 
               
               
                   
                 b52 
                 550 
                 0 
                 + 
                 + 
                 − 
                 A 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Note) 
               
               
                 Underlines indicate outside scope of invention. 
               
             
          
         
       
     
     It was confirmed that by dual-phase forming annealing a cold rolled steel strip of the scope of ingredients prescribed in the present invention, it was possible to obtain a material excellent in corrosion resistance, weather resistance, and material quality. 
     Furthermore, there were extremely little edge cracks at the width ends of the hot rolled sheets and excellent end face properties were exhibited. 
     In the comparative examples, the steels b32 to b34, b39, b40, b42, and b44 to b52 with amounts of addition of Sn of less than 0.05%, the steels b38 and b49 with a Cr of less than 15%, the steel B37 with an S of over 0.01, the steel b36 with a P of over 0.04%, and the steel b43 with a B of over 0.0050% were poor in corrosion resistance. 
     The steels b39 and b46 with a γp of less than 60 were good in corrosion resistance, but deteriorated due to abrasion and were poor in weather resistance. 
     The steel b32 with a C of less than 0.020% and an Sn of 0% and the steel b39 with a Cr of over 18%, an Sn of 0%, and a hardness of less than 200 HV were poor in corrosion resistance, deteriorated due to abrasion, and were poor in weather resistance. 
     The steels b33, b41, b49, b50, and b52 with a γp of over 95 or a C of over 0.20% and the steel b45 with a Cu of over 2% were too hard and were poor in material quality. 
     The steel b35 had an Mn of over 2% and suffered from uneven gloss at the time of dual-phase forming annealing, so the result was poor. 
     The steel b41 had an Ni of over 2.5%, so was also unsuitable in terms of cost. 
     The steel b44 had an N of over 0.09%, gas porosity type defects appeared at the surface, and the result was poor. 
     The steel b47 had an Al of over 0.1%, so defects occurred due to inclusions and the result was poor. 
     INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY 
     According to the present invention, it is possible to inexpensively provide high strength, dual-phase structure stainless steel which is improved in corrosion resistance of particularly the martensite phase, achieves a corrosion resistance corresponding to 18 to 19Cr steel based on 17Cr without changing the phase balance, withstands severe outdoor corrosion and abrasive environments, and does not drop in mirror surface gloss over a long term and possible to apply this as the material for various parts such as reflectors of solar light and home lightening equipment, mirrors, machinery, and electrical and electronic equipment, so the applicability in industry is large.