Abstract:
A system for correlating crime incidents with the location of a subject in which crime incident data containing information about the location and time of at least one crime and subject location data containing information about the locations at various times of a plurality of subjects are provided to a correlation database of a computer, whereupon the correlation computer correlates the crime incident data and the subject location data to determine if each of said subjects are likely suspects of said crime based upon whether each of the subjects were proximate to the location of the crime at the time of the crime.

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation-in-part application of OFFENDER AND VICTIM COLLISION AVOIDANCE AND ADVANCED WARNING SYSTEM, Ser. No. 09/082,313, filed May 2, 1998 now U.S. Pat. No. 5,982,281, BODY WORN ACTIVE AND PASSIVE TRACKING DEVICE, Ser. No. 09/181,244, filed Oct. 28, 1998 and TAMPER DETECTION FOR BODY WORN TRANSMITTER, Ser. No. 08/863,158, filed May 27, 1997 now U.S. Pat. No. 5,959,533, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference herein. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     This invention relates to recording the movements of persons, specifically subjects under court ordered supervision. More particularly, this invention relates to correlating crime incident data with the history of a subject&#39;s locations by using an all body worn, non-removable, tamper resistant location recording apparatus. The location recording apparatus that when integrated with a communications network, law enforcement information systems, criminal justice and corrections information systems and a central correlation data base system, can perform correlation data processing of crime incidents with a subject&#39;s location at the time of the crime incident. This invention further relates to a crime incident and subject location correlation data base system that supports law enforcement and criminal justice investigative queries matching a subject&#39;s location history with location and time correlation query criteria. This invention further relates to an all body worn, low power location recording apparatus that when integrated with a residence interface unit attached to a land line telephone at the subject&#39;s residence or at locations in the community, transfers the location movement history stored in the subject&#39;s location recording apparatus to a central crime incident and subject location correlation data base. 
     2. Description of the Background Art 
     Currently, based on a 1997 U.S. Department of Justice report, there are over 3 million adults under court ordered community supervision on either parole or probation. A 1992 study by Langin and Cunniff found that 43% of felons sentenced to community supervision were arrested within 36 months for a new felony offense. 
     A more comprehensive study was released by the U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics in 1995, which reviewed the criminal histories of 300,000 inmates incarcerated in 1991 that were previously on parole or probation. The study documented the crimes committed during the 13 to 17 months prior to their incarceration. While on probation or parole, the inmates murdered 13,200 people, raped 11,600 women and 1,300 men, robbed 39,500 people, assaulted 19,200 victims, burglarized 39,600 homes and businesses and stole 7,900 motor vehicles. These are the resolved crimes. The number of unresolved crimes is unknown, but it is estimated that as much as 30% of all crime is committed by subjects under community supervision. It is therefore no surprise that when crimes are committed in a community, law enforcement&#39;s prime suspects include subjects (released criminal offenders) under community supervision. Law enforcement investigative manpower is therefore focused on establishing the location of these subjects during the time of the criminal incident. 
     Previously, monitoring the location of a person or subject, such as an offender, has been limited to knowing when the offender is at home. The apparatus used for “house arrest” or “electronic monitoring” uses a body worn, non-removable, tamper resistant radio frequency transmitter attached to a subject which communicates to a field monitoring device (FMD) at the subject&#39;s residence. The FMD communicates with a central data base system using the subject&#39;s telephone line to report when the subject is within a hundred feet of the FMD, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,918,432, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference herein. Once the subject leaves the immediate area of the FMD, the location of the subject is unknown. 
     Other techniques for locating a subject at a predetermined area utilizes the combination of caller identification and voice recognition. The phone number of the predetermined area is known, a voice signature sample of the subject is captured and voice signature with caller identification is matched, so as to locate the subject at the predetermined location, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,170,426, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference herein. During the time between subject call-in reporting, the location of the subject is unknown. 
     Currently, determining the location of a person or subject, such as an offender, is possible outside the confines of their respective residence. This apparatus can be seen in U.S. Pat. No. 5,731,757, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference herein. This apparatus employed on the method is a tamper resistant body worn ankle wireless transmitter that communicates with an associated tamper resistant portable tracking apparatus. The portable tracking apparatus determines its location using Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites. The portable tracking apparatus communicates with a central data base system using wireless communications when portable and land-line communications when placed in a charging stand at the subject&#39;s residence or work location. Algorithms in the offender&#39;s portable tracking apparatus executing on the processor compare the offender&#39;s current location against a schedule of location rules stored in the memory of the offender&#39;s portable tracking apparatus. The purpose of a two part tracking device is to place the low power transmitter tag device as the body worn component and the high power consumption devices (i.e. conventional GPS receiver card, processor and memory card and wireless transceiver and data modem card) as an integrated portable unit that requires periodic recharging. The body worn transmitter tag device does not require battery recharging or replacement for extended time periods. If the subject forgets to transport the portable tracking device as the subject&#39;s location changes (i.e. from home to work), then the ability to locate the subject is lost. GPS signals are also attenuated by multistory buildings and underground structures which also prevents a subject from being located until the subject emerges from the structure. 
     Other techniques for locating a subject outside of the confines of their residence or outside a predetermined area use radio frequency triangulation based on ground based tower infrastructure. The principle is based on the strength of a transmitted signal from the subject&#39;s apparatus being measured at a minimum of three towers in order to triangulate the position of the subject&#39;s apparatus as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,293,642, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference herein. Another technique uses time of arrival (TOA) of a spread spectrum signal as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,548,583, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference herein. Since both locating techniques use a subject transmitter and require a tower based infrastructure, once the subject leaves the area of tower coverage or the subject&#39;s transmitted signal is weakened by being inside structures, the ability to locate the subject is lost. 
     Another approach to obtaining location, health and status is to poll the offender&#39;s and victim&#39;s portable tracking apparatus by placing a cellular phone call to the apparatuses which can be seen in U.S. Pat. No. 5,461,390, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference herein. Polling the body worn device described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,748,148 (the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference herein) is accomplished by a dedicated ground based wireless tower network. These centralized polling approaches consume power by frequently using either traditional cellular communications or dedicated wireless communications that requires the receiver in the body worn or powered device to remain powered to respond to the poll. This is especially the case in higher risk subjects that have a history of predatory crimes. 
     All of the location techniques described above are focused on immediate reporting of violations of house arrest, inclusion areas or exclusion areas. These systems are either limited in the ability to locate a subject outside a predetermined area, loose signals required to locate the subject as they move about authorized areas or are costly to procure and operate due to frequent wireless radio frequency (RF) communications. For these reasons, less than five percent of subjects under community supervision are monitored by electronic methods (i.e. electronic monitoring, GPS tracking, tower based RF triangulation, voice recognition/caller identification, etc.). Only the most violent, predatory or high profile subjects are supervised by electronic methods. The remaining subjects under community supervision are able to commit crimes of opportunity and violate their conditions of community supervision due to the anonymity of their movements in the community and the inability to correlate their movements to crime incidents. 
     Currently, crime incident data is recorded in law enforcement computer aided dispatch systems (CAD) and record management systems (RMS). CAD systems record the time and location of dispatch but may not contain the actual time or location of the crime. The crime, such as a burglary, may have occurred earlier than reported or in the case of a corpse, the murder location may be different than the location where the corpse was found. The investigative data establishing the actual time and location of the crime may be found in the RMS. RMS and CAD systems are typically unique to each local law enforcement agency. There is seldom data sharing between adjacent law enforcement agencies therefore similar crime incidents that span local jurisdictions are seldom correlated. 
     Criminal justice agencies (i.e. court, corrections, parole, probation, etc.) information management systems (IMS) contain criminal history and sentencing data related to felons but are seldom integrated with law enforcement RMS or CAD systems. The subject location data collected by service providers (i.e. electronic monitoring, GPS tracking, tower based RF triangulation, voice recognition/caller identification, etc.) for criminal justice agencies also exists in disparate systems that store the data, but don&#39;t share the data with law enforcement agencies. 
     Recently, a low power, all body worn tracking apparatus was described in pending patent application entitled “BODY WORN ACTIVE AND PASSIVE TRACKING DEVICE”, Ser. No. 09/181,244, filed Oct. 28, 1998. This device, while significantly reducing size, weight, and power costs associated with tracking a subject, still incurs size, weight and power associated with wireless radio frequency (RF) communications in a wide area wireless infrastructure. Frequent apparatus health and status data and current real-time location data required for violent, predatory and high profile subjects require frequent RF transmissions across a wide area wireless network (i.e. cellular, PCS, etc.) driving wireless cost, component cost and frequent battery recharging or replacement. 
     Current technology provides miniaturization of a GPS receiver, processor, memory and display for the purpose of navigation in the form factor of a wrist watch with Casio&#39;s GPS watch announcement at the Consumer Electronics Show in January, 1999. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 5,583,776, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference herein, describes a GPS dead reckoning device that will track a person walking during periods of denied GPS signal strength such as inside multistory buildings or subterranean structures. 
     Power generation for rechargeable batteries in the body worn tracking device is preferred to battery replacements since battery replacement provides the opportunity for contamination of the battery terminals and places the body worn device operational integrity responsibility with the subject being tracked. Battery recharging by connection to external power also provides the opportunity for body worn device tampering, contamination of charging leads, personal safety of the subject while attached to the charging power source and the physical constraint of a wire tether to the charging power source. 
     Recently, an improved swinging type power generator was described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,684,761, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference herein. The wrist worn device (typically housed in a watch) is based on the Fleming right-hand rule where a wire wound stator cuts magnetic lines of force to generate electricity. This improved device generates a square wave as opposed to a traditional sine wave from swinging arm motion resulting in improved efficiency of mechanically generated power. 
     Recently, an improved solar cell manufacturing process described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,730,808, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference herein, can produce tandem solar cells with two benefits; the first benefit is light absorption from ultraviolet, visible and infrared spectrums resulting in power generation from a wider frequency spectrum, the second benefit is the improved process produces thinner solar cells that reduces the size. U.S. Pat. No. 5,779,817, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference herein, describes a circuit arrangement of solar cells that provides improved power transfer from solar cells to a load such as a rechargeable battery with a reduction in power loss. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 5,627,548, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference herein, describes a transparent indium-tin-oxide on sapphire GPS antenna, a single integrated circuit chip that provides a low noise amplifier, down-conversion, timing code processing and navigation processing in a wrist watch form factor with batteries capable of being recharged by solar cells. 
     Recently, IBM announced a new semiconductor process called silicon on insulator (SOI) which will increase current semiconductor power efficiency by 35 percent, especially for hand-held computers. IBM further announced high volume availability of SOI integrated circuits by mid 1999. 
     Traditional basic integrated circuits required for a body worn location recording device such as processing, serial communications, parallel communications, memory, discrete input and discrete output can be imported as standard libraries, integrated and implemented on a single field programmable gate array (FPGA) integrated circuit. Such a capability is described by U.S. Pat. No. 5,773,993, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference herein, and available as a commercial product from XILINX Corporation as the CORE product name. 
     Clearly, size, weight and power are critical requirements for any body worn locating device. Recent technology described above affords the ability to combine the elements into a wristwatch form factor to provide an all body worn location recording device. Other recent technology described above affords a low power body worn tracking solution through semiconductor SOI technology, matching filter GPS receiver techniques, miniature watch crystal type GPS antenna and current miniaturized processor and memory devices. With significantly reduced power consumption of subsystems required for location recording, improved solar cell wavelength absorption and swinging motion power generation techniques, the capability to produce an all body worn self rechargeable location recording device currently exists. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 5,497,149, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference herein, describes a body worn locating device that is recharged using a plug-in wire battery charging interface to an external power source such as a wall power outlet. With technology known at the time of U.S. Pat. No. 5,497,149 and the lack of such technology disclosure in the embodiment of the Patent, it would not be feasible to construct a body worn device in the form factor depicted in FIG. 1 of the Patent. The device described in this Patent if constructed, would require large batteries and frequent battery recharging or battery replacement due to the amount of power consumed from conventional GPS receivers and cellular phone calls to periodically determine the location of the subject wearing the device, especially where unwilling subjects such as released criminal offenders are wearing the locating device where frequent (i.e. multiple times an hour) location points are desired. Other personal tracking devices found in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,712,619, 5,742,509, 5,742,233, 5,528,248, 5,731,785, 5,714,931, 5,731,785 and 5,625,668, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference herein, do not address the low power technology required to implement a non removable, tamper resistant, body worn location recording device in a small, lightweight form factor that is either rechargeable using non contacting external power sources or can function for extended periods of time on a replaceable battery. 
     There exists a need to implement a location recording apparatus for the purpose of recording a subject&#39;s movements in the community for subsequent correlation to crime incident data. Active and passive tracking systems described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,731,757 and the functionality described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/082,313 into a single body worn tamper resistant active tracking apparatus are not required to simply record the locations of a subject. For most subjects under community supervision, movements are not restricted other than in general terms (i.e. prostitution areas, drug dealing areas, etc.). Therefore specific exclusion locations (i.e. former victim&#39;s residence, victim&#39;s place of work, work release, etc.) are not actively monitored for most subjects and therefore do not require an active tracking device. There exists a need for a simple, low cost location recording device that will record the locations of a large segment of the subjects under community supervision to remove their anonymity. 
     Since most subjects under community supervision can travel freely about the community, movements inside multistory buildings and underground structures are permitted. In the case of denial of GPS signals while the subject is inside buildings and structures, there exists a need for dead reckoning to record the location of the subject during periods of denial of GPS signals. 
     In the case of small size, light-weight and low power, there exists a need for high density low power FPGA integrated circuit for the discrete digital functions of processor, memory, serial/parallel communications, analog input/output and digital input/output. 
     For low cost and low power communications, there exists a need for the location recording apparatus to communicate over a short distance using low power infrared communications with a residence interface unit attached to a communications network (i.e. telephone, internet, etc.). 
     In the case of correlating crime incident data with offender location history, there exists a need for an end-to-end system that; 1) integrates law enforcement RMS and CAD systems across jurisdictional boundaries, 2) integrates law enforcement RMS and CAD systems with subject location history stored in electronic monitoring systems, GPS tracking systems, tower based RF triangulation systems, and voice recognition/caller id locating systems and 3) integrates criminal justice IMS with law enforcement RMS and CAD systems. 
     Recently, an end-to-end system concept for a low cost, body worn, tamper resistant location recording device and crime incident correlation data base system developed by the authors of this Patent Application, Hoyt M. Layson, Jr. and Gregory A. Frost, was submitted in a 1998 National Institute of Justice investigator funded research proposal titled “Florida CrimeTRAX”. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The problem of implementing an all body worn low cost subject location recording device integrated in an end-to-end system for correlation with crime incident data is solved by this invention. The low cost subject location recording device which is non-removable, tamper resistant, small, lightweight, can be powered by rechargeable or replaceable batteries and provides dead reckoning during GPS outages is accomplished by integrating several recently developed enabling technologies. The integration of subject location data with crime incident data is solved by this invention by integrating location data from current subject electronic locating techniques with isolated law enforcement and criminal justice information systems to support correlation of subject&#39;s location with crime incidents. 
     The problem of sharing crime incident data across jurisdictional boundaries is solved by this invention. The crime incident/offender location database integrates the current isolated and unique law enforcement RMS and CAD systems. 
     The problem of law enforcement having on-line information regarding criminal justice community supervision sentencing of a subject is solved by this invention. The problem of criminal justice community supervision having knowledge of a subject&#39;s current (i.e. just committed) law enforcement misdemeanors and felonies is solved by this invention. The crime incident/offender location correlation database supports investigative inquiries by law enforcement and criminal justice. 
     The high power consumption manner and high wireless cost of transferring subject location data to a central data base are solved by this invention using lower power consuming infrared wireless communications to a nearby residence interface unit that connects to a low cost communications network (i.e. telephone, Internet, etc.). 
     Significant power and size reductions can be achieved by integrating several integrated circuit chip devices such as processor, memory, serial input/output, digital input/output, etc.) on a field programmable gate array (FPGA) versus implementing discrete logic integrated circuits on a circuit board. Further power savings of up to 35% can be achieved by implementing all integrated circuits in low power SOI versions of the integrated circuits. Another power saving feature of this invention is the use of very low power infrared communications to transfer large amounts of data between the body worn tracking device and the residence interface unit. 
     In addition to the power conserving technology described above, improved body motion power generation and solar power generation combined with efficient power transfer technology can be integrated in order to provide body worn device battery charging by a non contacting external charging means. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     The invention can best be understood by those having ordinary skill in the art by reference to the following detailed description when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which: 
     FIG. 1 is a diagram that depicts the end-to-end crime incident/subject location correlation system and its major subsystem elements for integrating subject locating methods with crime incident recording methods; 
     FIGS. 2A,  2 B and  2 C are plan, side and exploded views of the non-removable, tamper resistant, body worn location recording device of the invention; 
     FIG. 3 is a figure describing the operation of the residence interface unit with the location recording device; 
     FIG. 4 is a figure describing the major subsystems comprising the residence interface unit for the location recording device; 
     FIG. 5 is a functional block diagram of the location recording device; 
     FIG. 6 is a functional block diagram of the residence interface unit; 
     FIG. 7 is a flowchart of the method of operation for the location recording device; 
     FIG. 8 is a flowchart of the method of operation for the residence interface unit; 
     FIG. 9 is a flowchart of the method of operation for the automated crime incident/subject location correlation; 
     FIG. 10 is a flowchart of the method of operation for the query terminal correlating a single crime incident with a subject&#39;s location; 
     FIG. 11 is a flowchart of the method of operation for the query terminal correlating multiple crime incidents with multiple subject&#39;s location; 
     FIG. 12 is a flowchart of the method of operation for the query terminal providing the locations of a subject during a specified time period; 
     FIG. 13 is a flowchart of the method of operation for the query terminal providing exclusion zone violations for a subject; 
     FIG. 14 is a flowchart of the method of operation for the query terminal providing a crime incident map that can span multiple law enforcement jurisdictions over a specified time period; 
     FIG. 15 is a flowchart of the method of operation for the query terminal correlating subjects at a specified location; 
     FIG. 16 is a flowchart of the method of operation for the query terminal providing the frequent locations for a subject; 
     FIG. 17 is a flowchart of the method of operation for the query terminal providing the locations where subjects loiter; and 
     FIG. 18 is a flowchart of the method of operation for the query terminal correlating where subjects cluster. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     Throughout the following detailed description, the same reference numerals refer to the same elements in all figures. Subject and offender are used herein to describe the person being located by conventional means or being located by the location recording device described in this patent application. Law enforcement agencies are used herein to describe city, county, state and federal law enforcement and investigative agencies. Corrections agencies are used herein to describe parole, probation, pre-trial sentencing, early release, work release or any form of public/private community supervision. 
     FIG. 1 depicts the end-to-end crime incident/offender location correlation system and component subsystems. The crime incident/offender location correlation database  1  is a relational data base that receives crime incident data  2  and offender location data  3  on a continuous basis. The crime incident data  2  is delivered to the crime incident/offender location correlation data base  1  by a communications network  4  which can be dial-up, point-to-point, Internet or Intranet based. The offender location data  3  is delivered to the crime incident/offender location correlation data base  1  by a communications network  5  which can be dial-up, point-to-point or Internet based. 
     Crime incident data  2  is comprised of crime incident dispatch data  7  obtained from computer aided dispatch (CAD)  6  systems and crime incident investigative data  9  from record management systems (RMS)  8  within law enforcement agencies. The crime incident/offender location correlation data base  1  performs data translations, as is known in the art, of the various data representations from unique CAD  6  and RMS  8  systems to arrive at a common data base format for each data item (i.e. date format, time format, etc.). Additional offender data  35  (i.e. sentencing, demographics, criminal history) is provided by information management systems (IMS)  34  within corrections agencies to assist law enforcement with additional information regarding offenders processed by the crime incident/offender location correlation data base  1 . 
     Offender location data  3  is comprised of location data derived from the following sources; 
     1) House arrest location systems  10  as known in the art that provide location data when the offender is at home, 
     2) Location recording  14  as described by this invention that collects locations of offenders determined by GPS, on a twenty four hour basis, 
     3) Continuous location monitoring  18  of offenders determined by GPS as known in the art , on a twenty four hour basis, 
     4) Continuous location monitoring  22  of offenders determined by RF triangulation as known in the art on a twenty four hour basis, 
     5) Voice recognition with caller identification locating systems  26  as known in the art that provide location data when the offender calls and 
     6) Mobile cellular triangulation locating systems  30  as known in the art that provide location data when the offender calls or is called. 
     The crime incident/offender location correlation data base  1  performs data translations, as is known in the art, of the various data representations from the unique sources of offender location data described above. 
     House arrest location systems  10  typically use a standard telephone connection  11  to transmit data to a central data base  12  when the offender&#39;s body worn tamper resistant transmitter, as is known in the art, is within range of a receiver connected to the phone line  11  at the offender&#39;s residence. Additional tamper information for the body worn transmitter and receiver is sent to the central database  12 . The offenders time at their residence data  13  is comprised of the offender&#39;s residence address, which can be geo-coded into latitude and longitude and the times when the offender is at the residence. 
     Location recording using GPS  14  uses a body worn location recording device (LRD) that records the location of the offender at programmable time intervals as the offender moves through the community. A receiver, hereinafter referred to as the residence interface unit (RIU), connected to the offender&#39;s residence phone line  15  communicates with the body worn location recording device to receive the offender&#39;s location history stored in the body worn location recording device. The RIU then communicates over the offender&#39;s telephone line  15  to a central database  16 . The location history  17  is comprised of time-stamped offender location history and additional tamper information for both the body worn LRD and the RIU. 
     Continuous location monitoring using GPS  18 , uses a body worn tamper resistant transmitter, as is known in the art, and a portable tracking device which has a receiver for the body worn transmitter. The processor and memory continuously monitor the offender&#39;s location and compares the current location against inclusion and exclusion locations stored in the portable tracking device. Heartbeat data transmissions comprised of apparatus status, offender location and violation notifications can be sent through the wireless communication network  19  as well as the stored locations of the offender&#39;s movements. A central data base facility  20  stores the location data received from the portable tracking device. The location history  21  is comprised of time-stamped offender location history and additional tamper information for both the body worn transmitter and the portable tracking device. 
     Continuous location monitoring using radio frequency (RF) triangulation  22  uses a body worn tamper resistant transmitter, as is known in the art, to transmit signals which are processed by a tower based network  23  to triangulate the location of the offender. A central data base facility  24  stores the time-stamped location data received from the tower-based network  23 . The location history  25  is comprised of time-stamped offender location history and additional tamper information for the body worn transmitter. 
     Voice recognition caller identification locating systems  26 , as known in the art, match the offender&#39;s digitized voice signature to the offender&#39;s voice when the offender calls on a telephone connected  27  to a central data base facility  28 . The central data base facility  28  performs the signal processing to match the offender&#39;s call-in voice with the pre-recorded digitized voice signature, performs caller identification and stores the time and location of the offender&#39;s phone call. The location history  29  is comprised of time-stamped location history of offender calls to the central data base facility  28 . 
     Mobile cellular triangulation location  30 , as is known in the art, triangulates the location of a personal communication device (i.e. a cellular phone, two-way pager, etc.) when the personal communication device transmits data to the cellular towers  31 . The central data base facility  32  stores the time and location determined by the cellular network  31 . The location history  33  is comprised of time-stamped location history of offender cellular data communications. 
     The law enforcement query terminal  37  receives automated correlation reports and query results  38  using its connection to the communications network  4 . Results  36  from the crime incident/offender correlation data base  1  are comprised of automated correlation of crime incidents to offender locations and structured queries entered by law enforcement personnel. 
     The corrections query terminal  39  receives automated violation reports and query results  40  using its connection to the communications network  4 . Results  36  from the crime incident/offender correlation data base  1  are comprised of automated offender violation reports and structured queries entered by corrections personnel. 
     FIG. 2 depicts the body worn LRD  50  and component subsystems. The body worn LRD  50  case is comprised of a high impact plastic  58  that has low attenuation properties for wireless frequencies of GPS to permit incorporation of an enclosed high efficiency active GPS antenna. 
     The body worn LRD  50  case contains retaining slots  71  for the adjustable attaching strap  63  and strap electrical continuity circuit  62  connections to implement strap tamper detection as is known in the art in the event the strap  63  is severed. The strap  63  incorporates an adjustable hasp  65  as is known in the art and a tamper resistant seal  64  prevents the hasp  65  from being opened without permanently damaging the tamper resistant seal  64 . The tamper resistant seal  64  is placed on the hasp  65  at the time the LRD  50  is attached to the subject. 
     The waterproof battery cover  69  is held in place by screw threads. The waterproof battery cover  69  fits inside a recessed threaded flange  70  which completes a tamper continuity circuit when tightened. The pressure exerted by the water proof battery cover  69  when tightened compresses the lip of the waterproof battery cover  69  against the threaded flange  70  to form a water tight seal. A sealed compartment for the rechargeable/replaceable batteries  68  is formed inside the body worn LRD  50  case with the only opening being sealed by the waterproof battery cover  69 . This design does not require the body worn LRD  50  to be removed from the subject in order to replace the batteries  68 . Tamper detection screw threads  70  in the body-worn LRD  50  case cause a break in continuity when the waterproof battery cover  69  is loosened. 
     A swinging power generator  66  described by U.S. Pat. No. 5,684,761 is included herein by reference. The improved swinging power generator  66  described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,684,761 for electric watch battery recharging from swinging arm motion is increased in size to deliver increased power to recharge the battery(s)  68  in the body worn LRD  50  from swinging arm motion. The swinging motion generator  66  design produces a square wave which delivers 30% more power than a sine wave generated by previous swinging motion generators. 
     The main circuit board  67  is stiffened and the components staked as is known in the art to provide a ruggedized design to withstand shocks generated by arm motion and impacts with objects. 
     A solar cell array  52  comprised of multi-junction solar cells described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,730,808 and is incorporated herein by reference. There are two advantages to multi-junction solar cells; 1) light absorption in the solar spectrum is expanded to include ultra-violet (UV), visible and infrared (IR) and 2) thinner form factor to absorb the same amount of energy. A broader solar spectrum will produce more power in all conditions of light intensity and artificial light sources such as incandescent. 
     A low power liquid crystal diode (LCD) display  51  provides time, date and instructional messages for the subject. A scroll up message button  57  and a scroll down message button  56  allows the subject to scroll through large or multiple messages on the display  51 . The mode button  55  allows the subject to change the mode of the display  51  (i.e. message, date, time, etc.). 
     A receive infrared diode  54  allows the body worn LRD  50  to receive data and commands from the residence interface unit (RIU). A transmit infrared diode  53  allows the body worn LRD  50  to send data and commands to the RIU. 
     A piezo  60  device, as known in the art, provides an audible means to alert the subject of a message on the display  60 . A piezo acknowledge button  59  provides a means to silence the piezo and record the subject&#39;s acknowledging the message on the display  51 . 
     A display back light button  61  provides a low power illumination for the display  51 . 
     FIG. 3 describes the operation of the body worn LRD  50  with the residence interface unit (RIU)  80 . The subject&#39;s location is derived by the LRD  50  determining its spatial coordinates using GPS satellites  82  or by its dead reckoning circuit  130 . When the subject  87  is near a RIU, such as the subject&#39;s residence  86 , a wireless infrared data link  81  transfers commands and data between the LRD  50  and RIU  80 . Weatherproof RIUs  80  could also be placed strategically in the community as reporting stations to afford more frequent communications on a subject&#39;s  87  movements. The RIU is attached to a telephone  83  which can be either wire line  15  or wireless in order to communicate with the central data base  16 . 
     FIG. 4 describes the major subsystems comprising the residence interface unit (RIU)  80 . The RIU case  100  houses all the components and made from high impact plastic. The RIU cover  101  is attached using tamper resistant screws  102  as is known in the art. The tamper resistant screws  102  make or break a continuity tamper circuit in the RIU case  100  screw threads  103  when the tamper resistant screws  102  are tightened or loosened. 
     An infrared transmit diode array  104  allows the RIU  80  to send commands and data to the LRD  50 . An infrared receive diode array  105  allows the RIU  80  to receive commands and data from the LRD  50 . The arrays are arranged on a 180 degree curved surface to facilitate 1) continuous communications  81  with the LRD  50  while the subject  87  is moving in the room where the RIU  80  is located and 2) indirect communications  81  with the LRD  50  when the LRD  50  infrared diodes  53 , 54  cannot directly face the RIU  80  infrared diodes  104 , 105 . Data modulated on the infrared beams can reflect off solid surfaces such as wall, floors and ceilings and effectively transfer data. 
     A speaker  106  for generating alert tones for the subject  87  is protected from damage by a speaker grill  107 . The fine mesh of the speaker grill  107  also prevents insects from entering the RIU  80 . 
     A large capacity rechargeable battery  108  provides power for the RIU  80  should external power fail for extended periods of time. 
     The RIU circuit board  118  contains the following major components; 
     1) Battery recharging circuit  109 , 
     2) A field programmable gate array (FPGA as is known in the art)  110  which contains a processor, memory, serial I/O, discrete I/O and analog driver circuits; 
     3) A memory battery  111  to keep the RIU  80  program and data in the event that external power and the large capacity rechargeable battery  108  fail and 
     4) A telephone data modem  112  as is known in the art to transmit and receive commands and data between the RIU  80  and the central data base facility  16 . 
     The RIU cover  101  contains a LCD message display  113  to provide instructions to the subject from the RIU  80  or the central data base facility  16 . The RIU cover  101  also contains response push buttons so the subject can perform the following: 
     1) Acknowledge messages or questions with the yes button  114 ; 
     2) Respond with a negative answer with the no button  115 ; 
     3) Scroll backward through multiple messages or a large message with the scroll up  116  button or 
     4) Scroll forward through multiple messages or a large message with the scroll down  117  button. 
     FIG. 5 describes a functional block diagram of the body-worn LRD  50 . The components of the LRD  50  provide the capability of a wrist-worn LRD  50  that will record locations of a subject  87  using GPS, dead reckon the location of a subject  87  during periods of denial of GPS while the subject  87  is walking, provides two-way infrared communications to transfer commands and data and incorporates tamper detection to prevent undetected removal of the LRD  50 . 
     An active GPS high gain, low noise antenna  120  as is known in the art collects and amplifies GPS signals for the GPS receiver  121 . A small, thin, transparent GPS antenna with an integrated low noise amplifier is described by U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,345,244 and 5,627,548 can be used as the watch display crystal and is incorporated herein by reference. The form factor of this antenna allows it to be placed on top of the LRD display  51  and solar cell array  52  without attenuating the light energy or increasing the thickness dimension of the body worn LRD  50 . 
     A matched filtering GPS Receiver  121  implemented on a single DSP integrated circuit is described by U.S. Pat. No. 5,663,734 and incorporated herein by reference. This matched filtering GPS receiver incorporates the following power saving features; 1) Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) algorithms that are 10 to 100 times faster than traditional computational approaches, 2) DSP or FPGA single integrated circuit implementation, and 3) instant location fix upon power up of the radio frequency front end allowing the power down of the GPS receiver to achieve a typical less than 0.01% GPS receiver duty cycle or a two orders of magnitude reduction in power consumed by a conventional GPS receiver. A GPS radio frequency (RF) front end is implemented on a single integrated circuit (IC) as is known in the art and a single IC RF transceiver has been described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,438,491. A single RF front end is used for the matched filtering GPS receiver  121  cutting RF front end stand-by power in half and reducing the size and weight of the body-worn LRD  50 . 
     A key requirement for the low power and quick operation of a matched filtering GPS receiver  121  is to have the GPS almanac data as is known in the art immediately available upon power-up of the GPS receiver  121 . A GPS almanac memory  122  with a memory battery  129  allows the matched filtering GPS receiver  121  to provide a location within a second as opposed to minutes. 
     A dead reckoning circuit  130  described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,583,776 is employed to provide the capability to dead reckon the movements of the subject  87  when denial of GPS signals occurs and is incorporated herein by reference. Denial of GPS signals may occur when the subject  87  is inside multistory buildings or enters subterranean structures. Since the dead reckoning circuit  130  is based on body movement, the circuit is optimally suited for dead reckoning the subject  87  when there is denial of GPS signals when the subject  87  is walking. Since the error is 1% for distance traveled, the subject  87  can walk 10,000 feet with denial of GPS signals and still be located by dead reckoning within the accuracy of commercial GPS. 
     A field programmable gate array  128  (FPGA) as is known in the art is employed to integrate the major analog and digital components. The FPGA comprising a microprocessor  127 , location memory  123 , program memory  126 , GPS almanac memory  122 , serial I/O  124  and digital I/O  125  described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,731,757 assigned to XYLINX Corporation is included herein by reference. Prior to U.S. Pat. No. 5,773,993, the process of programming complex devices, such as a microprocessor, into a FPGA would have been cost and time prohibitive. The domain implementation described in to U.S. Pat. No. 5,773,993 allows programming a complex device into a FPGA by including a previously developed software library for the complex device as is known in the art. Today with a 500,000 gate XYLINX FPGA, the exact microprocessor, memory, serial I/O, digital I/O, analog to digital converters and associated glue logic chips, as is known in the art, of the processor board described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,731,757 can be implemented in a single FPGA. XYLINX has recently announced a 1,000,000 gate FPGA for late 1998. The power savings realized by implementing the body worn tracking device  1  digital and analog logic in an FPGA is 50% to 70% by known industry standards. This power savings is achieved by using gate level interconnects as opposed to chip level interconnects. Chip level interconnects are designed by the manufacturer for “worst case” loads and path length capacitance charging/discharging effects which results in high power interface gates for each connection on the chip. 
     The GPS almanac memory  122  and the location memory  123  are volatile memory as known in the art and are power backed-up by a memory battery  129 . The program memory  126  is non-volatile programmable memory as known in the art and does not require a memory battery  129 . 
     The serial I/O  124  interfaces the message display  51 , infrared receiver diode  54 , infrared transmitter diode  53  and the GPS receiver  121  to the micro processor  126 . The digital I/O interfaces the pushbuttons  55 , 56 , 57 , 59 , 61 , tamper sensors  62 , 70 , and piezo  60  to the micro processor  126 . 
     A transmit IR diode  53  and a receive IR diode  54  are incorporated in LRD  50  facing outward. The transmit IR diode  53  and a receive IR diode  54  are used for low power full duplex communications while the subject  87  is at a location, such as the subject&#39;s residence  86 , where; 1) the body worn LRD  50  can download location history of the subject&#39;s  87  movements to the RIU  80 , 2) the body worn LRD  50  can download any messages to be displayed to the subject on the RIU  80  and 3) the RIU  80  can upload any program or data updates from the central data base facility  16  to the body worn LRD  50 . The transmit IR diode  53  and a receive IR diode  54  consume {fraction (1/100)}th the power required for RF (i.e. cellular) full duplex communications with the central data base facility  16 . This power saving method of infrared wireless data transfer is beneficial over traditional RF wireless methods. 
     The analog to digital circuit  131  converts analog voltage levels from the rechargeable/replaceable batteries  68 , solar cell array  52 , and swinging power generator  66  to digital data for the micro processor  126 . 
     A battery charging circuit  132  described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,779,817 is specifically tailored for recharging a battery with solar cells and is incorporated herein by reference. This circuit transfers the optimum power and compensates for the charging profile of the battery when the battery charge is between 10% and 100% resulting in minimum power loss transfer from solar cells. An additional circuit described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,760,572 is employed in the battery charging circuit  132  to provide for optimum solar cell charging of a battery during intermittent loads without wasting power and is incorporated herein by reference. Such intermittent loads would occur when switching power loads on such as a GPS receiver. 
     The combination of; 1) dramatically lowering power consumption using power saving technology devices, 2) power saving cycling techniques, 3) improved power generating devices, 4) infrared low power wireless communications and 5) improved power transferring circuits for battery recharging make a LRD  50  operational for extended periods of time. Extended operational time is very significant if the subject  87  wearing the body-worn LRD  50  should not be responsible for the assured operation of the body-worn LRD. The extended time of operation permits the supervising agency to be responsible for battery replacement in the body-worn LRD  50  and also removes risks associated with connecting external power to the body-worn LRD  50  while being worn by the subject  87 . 
     The combination of; 1) thin form factor solar cells, 2) a thin transparent GPS antenna, 3) a processor with memories, serial I/O and digital I/O on a FPGA chip, 4) matched filtering GPS receivers on an ASIC and DSP chip and 4) a GPS RF front-end on a single integrated circuit, 5) permit the body-worn LRD  50  to be packaged in a small wrist-worn form factor and be a lightweight device. The light weight and small form factor of the body-worn LRD  50  is very significant since there will be less interference with occupational duties and less fatigue for the subject  87  wearing the body-worn LRD  50 . 
     The dead reckoning integrated circuit  130  allows subject  87  location recording while the subject  87  walks in buildings or subterranean structures where there is denial of GPS signals. The ability to track or record locations of a subject  87  while in a building or subterranean work environment is very significant since public safety is better assured while the offender  87  is allowed to have an occupation travel about the community but without anonymity. 
     FIG. 6 describes a functional block diagram of the RIU  80 . The RIU  80  provides the LRD  50  a low power and low cost communications interface to the central data base facility  16  by using infrared communications with the LRD  50  and local phone access and/or the Internet to the central data base facility  16 . 
     The receive infrared diode array  105  receives data from the LRD  50 . The transmit infrared diode array  104  sends data to the LRD  50 . The serial I/O  146  interfaces the transmit infrared diode array  104  and the receive infrared diode array  105  to the micro processor  143 . The serial I/O  146  also interfaces the micro processor  143  to the data modem  112  as is known in the art to exchange commands and data between the RIU  80  and the central data base facility  16 . The serial I/O interfaces the message display  113  to the micro processor  143 . 
     The digital I/O  145  interfaces the RIU tamper sensors  103  to the micro processor  143 . The digital I/O also interfaces the response buttons  144 ,  115 ,  116 ,  117  to the micro processor  143 . 
     The battery charging circuit  109  recharges the large capacity power interruption battery  108 . A memory battery  111  retains the program and data memory  144  should the power interruption battery  108  be depleted. 
     An audio driver circuit  140  as known in the art provides power for the audio speaker  106 . 
     FIG. 7 is a flowchart of the method of operation for the LRD  50 . The LRD  50  determines its spatial location by processing GPS signals or by dead reckoning the walking movements of the subject  87 . The LRD  50  stores location data until the data can be transferred to the RIU  80 . The LRD  50  detects tamper conditions or conditions that affect LRD  50  performance and stores those conditions for subsequent data transfer to the RIU  80 . The LRD  50  accepts commands and data from the RIU  80  and stores them in the appropriate LRD memory. The LRD  50  communicates with the subject  87  using an audible piezo notification and text messages. The LRD  50  performs these functions as an iterative process where the time interval for each iteration is programmable. 
     The LRD  50  activates the GPS receiver  121  and checks for a GPS location  150  (i.e. latitude and longitude). If there is a GPS location  150  then the time stamped location is stored  151  in the LRD location memory  123 . If the GPS receiver  121  cannot determine a location then the dead reckoning circuit  130  is checked for a location  155 . If the dead reckoning circuit  130  provides a location  155  then the time stamped location is stored  151  in the LRD location memory  123 . If neither the GPS receiver  121  or the dead reckoning circuit  130  can determine a location, then the LRD  50  displays acquire GPS  156  on the LRD message display  51 . The LRD  50  then activates the piezo  60  audible alert  157 . The LRD  50  then checks to see if the piezo acknowledged button  59  has been pressed  158 . If the piezo acknowledged button  59  has not been pressed  158 , the LRD  50  activates the GPS receiver  121  to obtain a location  150 . If the piezo acknowledged button  59  has been pressed  158 , then the LRD  50  waits for a programmable interval  159  before activating the GPS receiver  121  to obtain a location  160 . If the GPS receiver  121  provides a location  160 , then the time stamped location is stored  151  in the LRD location memory  123 . If after notifying the subject to acquire GPS  156 , 157  and waiting for the programmed time interval  159  there is still no GPS location  160 , the violation is stored  161  in the LRD location memory  123 . 
     After storing a location  151  in the LRD location memory  123 , the LRD checks to see if there have been any tampers detected  152 . These tampers can be hard tampers such as; 1) the removal of the LRD  50  by opening the adjustable strap hasp  65  or severing the strap and breaking the strap continuity circuit  62  or 2) loosening the waterproof battery cover  69 . The tampers could be soft tampers such as not replacing the batteries  68  when notified on the message display  51 . If there are any tamper violations, they are stored  161  on the LRD location memory  123 . 
     If there are locations stored  151  in the LRD location memory  123 , the LRD  50  checks to see if the current location is near the subject&#39;s residence  153 . If the LRD  50  is not near the subject&#39;s residence  153 , then the LRD  50  continues to record locations  150 . If the LRD  50  is near the subject&#39;s residence  153 , then the LRD  50  listens for an infrared signal from the RIU  154 . If a signal from the RIU  80  is detected  154 , then the LRD  50  transfers  162  the data stored in the LRD location memory  123 . If the data transfer from LRD  50  to RIU  80  is not completed  163 , the LRD  50  looks for a signal  154  from the RIU  80 . If the LRD  50  finds the RIU signal again, data transfer is started again  162 . If the LRD  50  cannot find a signal form the RIU  154 , the LRD  50  checks to see if the set time since the last data transfer has expired  168 . If the time since the last data transfer has not expired  168 , then the LRD  50  continues to store locations  150 . 
     If the time since the last data transfer has expired  168 , the LRD  50  displays a go to residence interface unit message  169  on the LRD display  51 . The LRD  50  then activates the piezo  60  audible alert  170 . The LRD  50  then checks to see if the piezo acknowledged button  59  has been pressed  171 . If the piezo acknowledged button  59  has not been pressed  171 , the LRD  50  checks to see if there is a signal  154  from the RIU  80 . If the piezo acknowledged button  59  has been pressed  171 , then the LRD  50  waits for a programmable interval  172  before checking to see if there is a signal  173  from the RIU  80 . If there is a signal  173  from the RIU  80 , then the LRD  50  transfers data  162  to the RIU  80 . If after notifying the subject to go to the RIU  169  and waiting for the programmed time interval  172  there is still no signal  173  from the RIU  80 , the violation is stored  174  in the LRD location memory  123  and the LRD  50  continues to listen for a signal  154  from the RIU  80 . 
     After the LRD  50  transfers data  163  to the RIU  80 , the LRD  50  checks to see if there is any data from  164  the RIU  80 . If there is no data to be transferred from  164  the RIU  80 , the LRD  50  continues to store locations  150 . If there is data to be transferred from  164  the RIU  80 , the LRD  50  transfers the data  165 . The LRD  50  checks to see if the data transfer from the RIU  80  is complete  166 . If the data transfer is complete  166 , then the LRD  50  stores the data  167  in the appropriate LRD memories  123 , 127 . If the data transfer is not complete  166 , the LRD  50  will listen for a signal  154  from the RIU  80 . 
     FIG. 8 is a flowchart of the method of operation for the RIU  80 . The RIU collects data from the LRD  50  and forwards that data to the central data base facility  16 . The RIU  80  stores commands and data from the central data base facility  16 . The commands and data from the central data base facility  16  can be program updates and data variable updates for either the RIU  80  or the LRD  50 . The RIU  80  will transfer any commands and data to the LRD  50 . The RIU  80  checks for tampers such as removing the RIU cover  101 , unplugging the residence phone line  15  or failing to respond to command messages on the RIU message display  113 . The RIU  80  performs these functions as an iterative process where the time interval for each iteration is programmable. 
     The RIU  80  checks to see if the time interval since the last data transfer  180  between the RIU  80  and the central data base facility  16  has expired. If the time interval has expired  180  then the RIU  80  checks to see if there is any LRD  50  data or RIU  80  data stored in the RIU memory  144  to transfer  181 . If the RIU  80  has LRD  50  data stored in its memory  144  to be transferred  181 , then the RIU  80  checks to see if the phone line  15  is busy  182 . If the phone line  15  is not busy  182 , then the RIU  80  checks for a dial tone  188 . If there is no dial tone  188 , the RIU  80  stores a violation that the phone line  15  is out of order. If the dial tone is available  188 , the RIU  80  contacts  194  the central data base facility  16 . The RIU  80  transfers the stored data  193  to the central data base facility  16 . The RIU  80  then checks to see if the data transfer completed  192 . If the data transfer did not complete  192  then the RIU  80  checks to see if the phone line  15  is busy  182 . If the data transfer completed  192 , then the RIU  80  checks to see if is any data from  197  the central data base facility  16 . If the central data base facility  16  has data to send  197 , the RIU  80  transfers the data  198  and checks to see if the transfer completed  199 . If the transfer did not complete  199 , the RIU  80  checks for a dial tone  188 . If the data transfer completed  199 , the RIU checks for data  208  that is for the RIU  80  and/or the LRD  50 . If the data  208  is for the RIU  80 , then the RIU  80  stores the data  207  in the RIU memory  144 . If the transferred data  208  is for the LRD  50 , then the RIU  80  queues the data  209  for the next data transmission to the LRD  50 . 
     If the RIU  80  finds that the phone line  15  is busy  182 , then the RIU  80  displays that it needs the phone line  183  on the RIU display  113  and activates alert tones  184  on the RIU speaker  106 . The RIU  80  then checks to see if the RIU yes response button  114  has been pressed  185 . If the RIU yes response button  114  has been pressed  185  the RIU  80  deactivates the alert tones  191  and checks to see if the phone line  15  is busy  182 . If the RIU yes response button  114  has not been pressed  185  the RIU  80  checks to see if the response time interval has expired  186 . If the response time interval has not expired  186  the RIU  80  checks to see if the phone line  15  is busy  182 . If the response time interval has expired  186  the RIU  80  grabs  187  the phone line  15 . 
     If the time since the last data transfer to the central data base facility  16  has expired  180  and there is no LRD  50  data to transfer  181  to the central data base facility  16 , the RIU  80  will transmit a beacon signal and check if the LRD  50  is responding  190 . The RIU  80  will continue to transmit a beacon signal until there is a response  190  from the LRD  50 . If there is a response  190  from the LRD  50  then the RIU transfers the data  196  from the LRD  50 . The RIU  80  checks if the data transfer from the LRD  50  completed  195 . If data transfer is not complete  195  the RIU  80  transmits a beacon signal to see if the LRD  50  responds  200 . If the LRD  50  responds  200  the RIU  80  transfers the data  196  from the LRD  50 . If the LRD  50  does not respond  200  the RIU  80  displays need the location recording device  201  on the RIU display  113  and activates alert tones  202  on the RIU speaker  106 . The RIU  80  then checks to see if the RIU yes response button  114  has been pressed  203 . If the RIU yes response button  114  has been pressed  203  the RIU  80  deactivates the alert tones  206  and checks to see if the LRD  50  is responding  200 . If the RIU yes response button  114  has not been pressed  203  the RIU  80  checks to see if the response time interval has expired  204 . If the response time interval has not expired  204  the RIU  80  checks to see if the LRD  50  is responding  200 . If the response time interval has expired  204  the RIU  80  stores the violation  205  and checks if the time since the last data transfer to the central data base facility  16  has expired  180 . 
     If the data transfer from the LRD  50  completed  195  the RIU  80  checks if there is data queued  210  for the LRD  50 . If there is data queued  210  for the LRD  50  the RIU  80  transfers the data  211  to the LRD  50 . The RIU  80  checks for data transfer complete  212 . If data transfer is not complete  212  the RIU  80  transmits a beacon signal to see if the LRD  50  responds  213 . If the LRD  50  responds  213  the RIU  80  transfers the data  211  from the LRD  50 . If the LRD  50  does not respond  213  the RIU  80  displays need the location recording device  214  on the RIU display  113  and activates alert tones  215  on the RIU speaker  106 . The RIU  80  then checks to see if the RIU yes response button  114  has been pressed  216 . If the RIU yes response button  114  has been pressed  216  the RIU  80  deactivates the alert tones  219  and checks to see if the LRD  50  is responding  213 . If the RIU yes response button  114  has not been pressed  216  the RIU  80  checks to see if the response time interval has expired  217 . If the response time interval has not expired  186  the RIU  80  checks to see if the LRD  50  is responding  213 . If the response time interval has expired  186  the RIU  80  stores the violation  218  and checks if the time since the last data transfer to the central data base facility  16  has expired  180 . 
     FIG. 9 is a flowchart of the method of operation for the automated crime incident/subject location correlation. The automated crime incident/subject location correlation is a continuous process that reports either electronically to a query terminal  37 , 39  or by hardcopy fax or printout to either law enforcement or corrections/community supervision when a crime incident  2  is correlated with a subject&#39;s location  3 . 
     The crime incident offender location correlation data base  1  is a real-time system that is continuously updated from; 
     1) Law enforcement CAD systems  6  that provide crime incident data, 
     2) Law enforcement RMS systems  8  that provide crime incident data, 
     3) Corrections/community supervision offender location monitoring systems  220 , 
     4) Corrections/community supervision offender population information systems  34 . 
     The updates can either be submitted in batch mode as known in the art or real-time as known in the art. Batch mode submittals, also known in the art as synchronous since they are synchronized with times of day or number of submittals per day, determine when automated correlation can occur since batch mode submittal will occur after the event (either crime incident or offender location recording) has taken place. Real-time submittals, also known in the art as asynchronous since they occur immediately with no predetermined scheduling, determine the need for tables of pending correlation since real-time submittal will occur as the event (either crime incident or offender location recording) is taking place. 
     CAD crime incident data  6  typically contains the following dispatch information; 
     1) Dispatched officer(s) identification, 
     2) Date/time of dispatch, 
     3) Location of incident, 
     4) Incident identifier, 
     5) Type of incident code and 
     6) Ancillary information 
     RMS crime incident data  8  typically contains the following investigative information; 
     1) Information from CAD systems (if a dispatch was involved), 
     2) Incident identification code, 
     3) Investigating officer(s) identification, 
     4) Subsequent time/date/location information, 
     5) Additional incident(s) information and 
     6) Motus opperandi (criminal methods). 
     Offender location monitoring systems  220  is a collection of methods of locating offenders; 
     1) House arrest location monitoring systems  10  as is known in the art, 
     2) Location recording using GPS  14  as described in this invention, 
     3) Continuous location recording using GPS  18  as is known in the art, 
     4) Continuous location recording using RF triangulation  22  as is known in the art, 
     5) Voice recognition/caller identification location recording  26  as is known in the art and 
     6) Mobile cellular triangulation location recording  30  as is known in the art. 
     Offender location monitoring systems  220  typically contain the following information; 
     1) Offender identification 
     2) Date, time and location of an offender (random to continuous), 
     3) Type of offender violations with date and time, 
     4) Offender&#39;s corrections/community supervision officer(s) and 
     5) Offender violation contact list(s) and response(s). 
     Offender population information systems  34  typically contains the following information regarding the offender population under community supervision; 
     1) Offender demographic data, 
     2) Offender criminal history, 
     3) Offender personal information, 
     4) Offender employment information, 
     5) Offender education information, 
     6) Offender sentencing information, 
     7) Digitized images and 
     8) Associated victim information. 
     None of the data from the sources described above is standardized, therefore the crime incident offender location correlation data base  1  must translate data types and formats to a standard internal data type and format, as known in the art, as it receives data (either by extraction or import as known in the art) from each unique system. The crime incident offender location correlation data base  1  must also translate from its internal standard data type and format to each law enforcement and corrections/community supervision agency&#39;s unique representation of data as it generates either electronic or hardcopy reports. 
     The automated crime incident/subject location correlation is an iterative process that continuously performs correlation as data from CAD  7 , RMS  9 , IMS  34  and offender location monitoring systems  220  is received by the crime incident offender location correlation data base  1 . Each offender&#39;s data from an offender location monitoring system  220  is correlated against any violations of exclusion zone criteria  221  from offender sentencing data in IMS  34  and exclusion zone violations reported by the offender location monitoring system  220 . If exclusion zone violations are correlated  221  a table report is generated  222  for the law enforcement and/or corrections/community supervision agency(s). Each offender&#39;s data from an offender location monitoring system  220  is correlated against any violations of inclusion zone criteria  223  from offender sentencing data in IMS  34  and inclusion zone violations reported by the offender location monitoring system  220 . If inclusion zone violations are correlated  223  a table report is generated  224  for the law enforcement and/or corrections/community supervision agency(s). 
     Each offender&#39;s data from an offender location monitoring system  220  is correlated against any crime incidents  225  from CAD  6  and RMS  8  systems. For offender locations that were outside the crime incident automated criteria boundaries, a table report of non-suspects is generated  226 . For offender locations that were inside the crime incident automated criteria boundaries, a table report of high probability suspects is generated  229 . For offenders whose location is unknown  225 , those offenders are correlated to see if those offender&#39;s locations are being recorded  227  by a location monitoring system  220 . For those offenders whose locations are not being monitored  227  at the time of the crime incident, a table report of offender suspects of unknown location is generated  228 . For the offenders whose locations are being monitored  227 , those offenders are correlated to see if location data has been updated  230  for those offenders for the time of the crime incident. For those offenders whose location data has not been updated  230  for the time of the crime incident, a table report of pending offender suspects  231  is generated. For those offenders whose location data has been updated  230  for the time of the crime incident but no location data is available, those offenders are correlated to see if the offender was intentionally violating by tampering  232  (i.e. not replacing/recharging batteries, not calling in, removing body-worn devices, etc.). For those offenders with tamper violations at the time of the crime incident, a table report of tamper violation offender suspects  223  is generated. For those offenders whose location data has been updated  230  for the time of the crime incident but no location data is available and no tamper violations were recorded  232  (i.e. equipment malfunction, between sample intervals for voice recognition/caller identification, etc.), a table report of low probability offender suspects  234  is generated. 
     FIGS. 10 through 19 are flowcharts of the method of operation for structured queries submitted against the crime incident offender location correlation data base  1 . Structured queries support investigative crime incident/offender location correlation with variable criteria since automated crime incident/offender location correlation described in FIG. 9 must deal with finite criteria established at the time the automated correlation is generated. Subsequent investigative data may require changing one or more of the automated correlation criteria to support a broader investigative query due to discovery of additional crime incident data not available at the time when the automated correlation report for the crime incident was generated. Law enforcement and corrections/community supervision agency personnel use the query terminal  37 , 39  for structured queries and are hereinafter referred to as users. 
     FIG. 10 is a flowchart of the method of operation for the query terminal  37 , 39  correlating a single crime incident with offender(s) locations based on the following criteria; 
     1) Date or range of dates (ie. spanning midnight, time of crime incident could have occurred in a multiple day interval, etc.), 
     2) Time period (i.e. the exact time covers multiple hours), 
     3) Specific crime incident identification and 
     4) Buffer distance around crime incident location (i.e. increased buffer area due to time period, offender&#39;s travel speed, etc.). 
     The user is prompted for a date or range of dates  240 . No date entry assumes all dates. The user is prompted for a time period  241 . No time period entry assumes 24 hours for the date or range of dates. The user is prompted for a crime incident identification  242 . The user is prompted for a buffer distance  243  around the crime incident location. The user submits the structured query  244  to the crime incident offender location correlation data base  1 . 
     Each offender&#39;s data from an offender location monitoring system  220  is correlated against the structured crime incident query criteria  245 . For those offenders that have location data that does not match the structured crime incident query criteria  245 , a table report of non-suspect offenders is generated  246 . For those offenders that have location data that does match the structured crime incident query criteria  245 , a table report of high suspect offenders is generated  247 . 
     For offenders whose location is unknown during the date and or time for structured crime incident query criteria  245 , those offenders are correlated to see if those offender&#39;s locations are being recorded  248  by a location monitoring system  220 . For those offenders whose locations are not being monitored during the date and or time for structured crime incident query criteria  245 , a table report of offender suspects of unknown location is generated  249 . For the offenders whose locations are being monitored  248  during the date and or time for the structured crime incident query criteria  245 , those offenders are correlated to see if location data has been updated  250  for those offenders for the time of the crime incident. For those offenders whose location data has not been updated  250  for the time during the structured crime incident query criteria  245 , a table report of pending offender suspects  251  is generated. For those offenders whose location data has been updated  250  for the time during the structured crime incident query criteria  245  but no location data is available, those offenders are correlated to see if the offender was intentionally violating by tampering  252  (i.e. not replacing/recharging batteries, not calling in, removing body-worn devices, etc.). For those offenders with tamper violations  252  at the time during the structured crime incident query criteria  245 , a table report of tamper violation offender suspects  253  is generated. For those offenders whose location data has been updated  250  for the time during the structured crime incident query criteria  245  but no location data is available and no tamper violations were recorded  252  (i.e. equipment malfunction, between sample intervals for voice recognition/caller identification, etc.), a table report of low probability offender suspects  254  is generated. 
     FIG. 11 is a flowchart of the method of operation for the query terminal  37 , 39  correlating multiple crime incidents with offender(s) locations based on the following criteria; 
     1) For each crime incident, a date or range of dates (ie. spanning midnight, time of crime incident could have occurred in a multiple day interval, etc.), 
     2) For each crime incident, a time period (i.e. the exact time covers multiple hours), 
     3) For each crime incident, a specific crime incident identification and 
     4) For each crime incident, a buffer distance around crime incident location (i.e. increased buffer area due to time period, offender&#39;s travel speed, etc.). 
     The user is prompted for a date or range of dates  260  for each crime incident. No date entry assumes all dates. The user is prompted for a time period  261  for each crime incident. No time period entry assumes 24 hours for the date or range of dates. The user is prompted for each crime incident identification 262 . The user is prompted for a buffer distance  263  around the crime incident location. The user submits the structured query  264  to the crime incident offender location correlation data base  1 . 
     Each offender&#39;s data from an offender location monitoring system  220  is correlated against the structured multiple crime incident query criteria  265 . For those offenders that have location data that does match more than one structured crime incident query criteria  265 , a table report of multiple crime incident suspect offenders is generated  266 . 
     For offenders whose location does not correlate with more than one crime incident query criteria  265 , those offenders are correlated to see if those offender&#39;s locations are being recorded  267  by a location monitoring system  220 . For those offenders whose locations are not being monitored during the date and or time for structured multiple crime incident query criteria  265 , a table report of offender suspects of unknown location is generated  268 . For the offenders whose locations are being monitored  267  during the date and or time for the structured crime incident query criteria  245 , those offenders are correlated to see if location data has been updated  269  for those offenders for the time of multiple crime incidents. For those offenders whose location data has not been updated  269  for the time during the structured multiple crime incident query criteria  265 , a table report of pending offender suspects  270  is generated. For those offenders whose location data has been updated  269  for the time during the structured multiple crime incident query criteria  245  but no location data is available, those offenders are correlated to see if the offender was intentionally violating by tampering  271  (i.e. not replacing/recharging batteries, not calling in, removing body-worn devices, etc.). For those offenders with tamper violations  273  for multiple crime incidents, a table report of tamper violation offender suspects correlating to multiple crime incidents  275  is generated. For those offenders whose location data has been updated  269  for the time during the structured multiple crime incident query criteria  265  but no location data is available and no tamper violations were recorded  271  (i.e. equipment malfunction, between sample intervals for voice recognition/caller identification, etc.), a table report of low probability offender suspects  272  is generated. For those offenders with tamper violations at the time of one crime incident query criteria but not for multiple crime incidents  273 , a table report of violating offender suspects is generated for each crime incident  274 . 
     FIG. 12 is a flowchart of the method of operation of the query terminal  37 , 39  providing the locations of a subject during a specified time period based on the following criteria; 
     1) Date or range of dates (i.e. spanning midnight, time of crime incident could have occurred in a multiple day interval, etc.), 
     2) Time period (i.e. the exact time covers multiple hours) and 
     3) Offender identification and 
     This query is only supported for offenders whose locations are being monitored. The user is prompted for a date or range of dates  280  for the offender location history. No date entry assumes all dates. The user is prompted for a time period  281  for the offender location history. No time period entry assumes 24 hours for the date or range of dates. The user is prompted for the offender identification  282 . The user submits the structured query  283  to the crime incident offender location correlation data base  1 . 
     The offender&#39;s data from an offender location monitoring system  220  is correlated against the structured offender location query criteria  284 . For the times where offender locations are available  284  (i.e. the offender&#39;s locations are being monitored and location data is available) a map of offender locations  285  is generated. For the times where offender locations are not available  284 , the offender is correlated to see if location data has been updated  286 . For those time periods where offender location data has not been updated  286 , a table report of pending offender locations during specified times  287  is generated. For the times when the offender&#39;s location data has been updated  286  but no location data is available, those times are correlated to see if the offender was intentionally violating by tampering  288  (i.e. not replacing/recharging batteries, not calling in, removing body-worn devices, etc.). For those times with tamper violations  288  for the time query criteria  284 , a table report of offender tamper violation times  289  is generated. For those times where location data has been updated  286  but no location data is available and no tamper violations were recorded  288  (i.e. equipment malfunction, between sample intervals for voice recognition/caller identification, etc.), no report is generated. 
     FIG. 13 is a flowchart of the method of operation of the query terminal  37 , 39  providing exclusion zone violations of a subject during a specified time period based on the following criteria; 
     1) Date or range of dates (i.e. spanning midnight, time of crime incident could have occurred in a multiple day interval, etc.), 
     2) Time period (i.e. the exact time covers multiple hours), 
     3) Offender identification, 
     4) Exclusion location, 
     5) Buffer distance and 
     6) Loiter time. 
     This query is only supported for offenders whose locations are being monitored. The user is prompted for a date or range of dates  290  for the offender exclusion zone violation history. No date entry assumes all dates. The user is prompted for a time period  291  for the offender exclusion zone violation history. No time period entry assumes 24 hours for the date or range of dates. The user is prompted for the offender identification  292 . The user is prompted for the exclusion location  293  by U.S. Postal Service address or by selecting a location on a screen map display. The user is prompted for a buffer distance  294  surrounding the exclusion location thereby creating a zone. The user is prompted for a loiter time  296  since passing through an exclusion zone is permitted but loitering is not (i.e. pedophile driving by a school on the way to work). The user submits the structured query  283  to the crime incident offender location correlation data base  1 . 
     The offender&#39;s data from an offender location monitoring system  220  is correlated against the structured offender exclusion zone violation query criteria  298 . For the times where offender locations are available for exclusion zone correlation  298  (i.e. the offender&#39;s locations are being monitored and location data is available) a table report of offender exclusion zone violations  299  is generated for all exclusion zone violations that correlate with the structured query. For the times where offender locations are not available for exclusion zone correlation  298 , the offender is correlated to see if location data has been updated  300 . For those time periods where offender location data has not been updated  300 , a table report of pending offender exclusion zone compliance during specified times  310  is generated. For the times when the offender&#39;s location data has been updated  300  but no location data is available, those times are correlated to see if the offender was intentionally violating by tampering  320  (i.e. not replacing/recharging batteries, not calling in, removing body-worn devices, etc.). For those times with tamper violations  320  for the exclusion zone query criteria  298 , a table report of offender tamper violation times  322  is generated. For those times where location data has been updated  300  but no location data is available and no tamper violations were recorded  320  (i.e. equipment malfunction, between sample intervals for voice recognition/caller identification, etc.), a table report for unknown compliance  321  is generated. 
     FIG. 14 is a flowchart of the method of operation of the query terminal  37 , 39  providing a crime incident map that can span multiple law enforcement jurisdictions during a specified time period based on the following criteria; 
     1) Date or range of dates (i.e. spanning midnight, time of crime incident could have occurred in a multiple day interval, etc.), 
     2) Time period (i.e. the exact time covers multiple hours), 
     3) Type of crime and 
     4) Buffer distance. 
     The user is prompted for a date or range of dates  340  for criminal incidence history. No date entry assumes all dates. The user is prompted for a time period  341  for the criminal incidence history. No time period entry assumes 24 hours for the date or range of dates. The use is prompted for the type of crime  342 . No crime type assumes all crime incidents. The user is prompted for a buffer distance  343 . The buffer distance is a radius from the geographic center of the requesting law enforcement jurisdiction and allows the user to correlate crime incidents from adjacent law enforcement jurisdictions. The user submits the structured query  344  to the crime incident offender location correlation data base  1 . 
     The crime incident data from law enforcement CAD and RMS systems is correlated against the structured crime incident query criteria  345 . A table of crime incident locations is generated  346  for crime incidents that correlate to the crime incident structure query  345 . A map of crime incident locations is generated  347  for crime incidents that correlate to the crime incident structure query  345 . 
     FIG. 15 is a flowchart of the method of operation of the query terminal  37 , 39  providing a subject at a specified location during a specified time period based on the following criteria; 
     1) Date or range of dates (i.e. spanning midnight, time of crime incident could have occurred in a multiple day interval, etc.), 
     2) Location and 
     3) Buffer distance. 
     This query is only supported for offenders whose locations are being monitored. The user is prompted for a date or range of dates  350  for the offender correlation to a specified location. No date entry assumes all dates. The user is prompted for the specified location  351  by U.S. Postal Service address or by selecting a location on a screen map display. The specified location is not restricted to a court ordered inclusion or exclusion location. and allows the user to correlate offenders with selected locations from adjacent law enforcement jurisdictions. The user is prompted for a buffer distance  352  surrounding the specified location thereby creating a zone. The user submits the structured query  283  to the crime incident offender location correlation data base  1 . 
     The offender&#39;s data from an offender location monitoring system  220  is correlated against the structured specified location query criteria  354 . For any offenders that correlate to the specified location for the date and buffer distance criteria, a table report of dates and times for offenders at a specified location is generated  355 . 
     FIG. 16 is a flowchart of the method of operation of the query terminal  37 , 39  providing the frequent locations of a subject during a specified time period based on the following criteria; 
     1) Date or range of dates (i.e. spanning midnight, time of crime incident could have occurred in a multiple day interval, etc.), 
     2) Time period (i.e. the exact time covers multiple hours), 
     3) Offender identification, 
     4) Buffer distance, 
     5) Loiter time and 
     6) Frequency. 
     This query is only supported for offenders whose locations are being monitored. 
     The user is prompted for a date or range of dates  360  for the offender frequent locations. No date entry assumes all dates. The user is prompted for a time period  361  for the offender frequent locations. No time period entry assumes 24 hours for the date or range of dates. The user is prompted for the offender identification  362 . The user is prompted for a buffer distance  363  surrounding offender frequent location(s) thereby creating a zone. The user is prompted for a loiter time  364  to establish a loiter time at any location. The user is prompted for frequency criteria  365  to establish how may times during the date or time interval the offender frequents any location. The user submits the structured query  366  to the crime incident offender location correlation data base  1 . 
     The offender&#39;s data from an offender location monitoring system  220  is correlated against the structured frequent location query criteria  367 . For any offenders that correlate to the frequent location for the date, time, buffer, loiter time, frequency and distance criteria, a map report of dates and times for and offender&#39;s frequent location is generated  368 . 
     FIG. 17 is a flowchart of the method of operation of the query terminal  37 , 39  providing locations where offenders loiter during a specified time period based on the following criteria; 
     1) Date or range of dates (i.e. spanning midnight, time of crime incident could have occurred in a multiple day interval, etc.), 
     2) Time period (i.e. the exact time covers multiple hours), 
     3) Buffer distance and 
     4) Loiter time. 
     This query is only supported for offenders whose locations are being monitored. 
     The user is prompted for a date or range of dates  370  for the locations where offenders loiter. No date entry assumes all dates. The user is prompted for a time period  371  for the locations where offenders loiter. No time period entry assumes 24 hours for the date or range of dates. The user is prompted for a buffer distance  372  surrounding the locations where offenders loiter thereby creating a zone. The user is prompted for a loiter time  373  to establish a loiter time at any location. The user submits the structured query  374  to the crime incident offender location correlation data base  1 . 
     The offender&#39;s data from an offender location monitoring system  220  is correlated against the structured offender loiter locations query criteria  375 . For any offenders that correlate to the loiter criteria for the date, time, buffer and loiter time criteria  375 , a table report of loitering offenders  376  and a map report of offender loiter locations is generated  368 . For any offenders that have unknown locations during the loiter location times, a table report of offenders with unknown locations is generated  378 . 
     FIG. 18 is a flowchart of the method of operation of the query terminal  37 , 39  providing locations where offenders cluster during a specified time period based on the following criteria; 
     1) Date or range of dates (i.e. spanning midnight, time of crime incident could have occurred in a multiple day interval, etc.), 
     2) Time period (i.e. the exact time covers multiple hours), 
     3) Buffer distance and 
     4) Cluster time. 
     This query is only supported for offenders whose locations are being monitored. 
     The user is prompted for a date or range of dates  380  for the locations where offenders cluster. No date entry assumes all dates. The user is prompted for a time period  381  for the locations where offenders cluster. No time period entry assumes 24 hours for the date or range of dates. The user is prompted for a buffer distance  382  surrounding the locations where offenders cluster thereby creating a zone. The user is prompted for a cluster time  383  to establish a cluster time at any location. Since offenders under community supervision may not associate with each other, offender clustering is a location violation with no pre-established location. The user submits the structured query  384  to the crime incident offender location correlation data base  1 . 
     The offender&#39;s data from an offender location monitoring system  220  is correlated against the structured offender clustering query criteria  385 . For any offenders that correlate to the cluster criteria for the date, time, buffer and cluster time criteria  385 , a table report of clustering offenders  386  and a map report of offender clustering locations is generated  378 . For any offenders that have unknown locations, a table report of offenders with unknown locations is generated  388 . For offender unknown location times that correlate to the clustering location times  389 , a table report of suspected clustering offenders is generated  390 . 
     Equivalent elements can be substituted for the elements employed in this invention to obtain substantially the same results in substantially the same way. Although the present invention has been described in terms of the presently preferred embodiment, it is to be understood that the disclosure is not to be interpreted as limiting. Various alterations and modifications will no doubt become apparent to those skilled in the art after having read the above disclosure. Accordingly, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as covering all alterations and modifications as fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention. 
     The present disclosure includes that contained in the appended claims, as well as that of the foregoing description. Although this invention has been described in its preferred form with a certain degree of particularity, it is understood that the present disclosure of the preferred form has been made only by way of example and that numerous changes in the details of construction and the combination and arrangement of parts may be resorted to without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. 
     Now that the invention has been described,