Abstract:
The present invention relates to the use of phosphated 2-propylheptanol, phosphated 2-proyplheptanol alkoxylate and/or mixtures thereof in agricultural formulations. The invention also relates to agricultural formulations comprising the aforementioned adjuvants, and to methods of treating a plant with the agricultural formulations of the invention.

Description:
[0001]     The present invention relates to the use of phosphated 2-propylheptanol or a phosphated 2-propylheptanol alkoxylate as an adjuvant in agricultural formulations. More specifically, it relates to the use of phosphated hydroxyl compounds as a dispersant, emulsifier, hydrotrope, wetting agent, compatibility agent and the like in agricultural formulations.  
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
       [0002]     The agricultural chemical formulator has the difficult task of creating a product that balances bioefficacy, toxicity, cost, shelf life and user friendliness. Of particular importance to the activity of an agricultural formulation is the ability of an aqueous solution to spread evenly over a surface, the so-called wetting ability, and the effective uptake of the active ingredient by the plant to be treated. For example, in agricultural formulations, efficacy benefits from a good wetting of the plant surface and uptake of the active ingredient.  
         [0003]     Adjuvants are added to agricultural formulations to improve activity, thereby reducing the amounts of active ingredients necessary, resulting in lower application cost. They generally take the form of surface-active or salt-like compounds and depending on their mode of action, they are classified as modifiers, activators, fertilizers and/or pH buffers.  
         [0004]     Surfactants are generally regarded as modifiers and/or activators as they improve wetting properties and uptake of the active ingredients in the agricultural formulation. Additionally, some surfactants improve the solubility of active ingredients in formulations thereby eliminating serious issues such as product separation and/or crystallization.  
         [0005]     Anionic, cationic, amphoteric and nonionic surfactants are all known and used in agricultural applications depending on the desired effect. For example, nonionic surfactants are known to be good wetting agents, and are often present in agricultural formulations. Many nonionic surfactants are not soluble enough in solutions with a high amount of electrolytes, such as alkali and/or alkaline complexing agents, salts, and the like and therefore need the presence of a hydrotrope to improve the solubility. A number of hydrotropes for nonionic surfactants have been described in various publications. Examples of such hydrotropes are ethanol, sodium xylene sulphonate, sodium cumene sulphonate, alkyl glycosides, and phosphated alkoxylated alcohols.  
         [0006]     However, there is still a need for new efficient surfactants that can improve activity, act as effective hydrotropes, and are compatible for the achievement of stable formulations delivering optimal performance. The objective of the present invention is, therefore, to find a new hydrotrope that is efficient in formulating agricultural compositions, which compositions will remain homogeneous upon dilution, and where the performance of the compositions is good.  
         [0007]     Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide an improved agricultural adjuvant. It is also an object of the invention to provide a stable, agricultural formulation having improved activity. These and other objects are achieved by the adjuvants/formulations of the present invention.  
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
       [0008]     The present invention relates to the use of phosphated 2-propylheptanol, phosphated 2-propylheptanol alkoxylate and/or mixtures thereof as agricultural adjuvants. The invention also relates to agricultural formulations comprising same, and to methods of treating a plant with the agricultural formulations of the invention. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
       [0009]     The invention relates to the use of phosphated 2-propylheptanol or phosphated 2-propylheptanol alkoxylates as a hydrotrope in agricultural formulations. More specifically, it relates to an agricultural adjuvant that comprises at least one phosphated hydroxyl compound. The adjuvant of the invention can effectively be utilized as a dispersant, emulsifier, hydrotrope, wetting agent, compatibility agent and /or the like in agricultural formulations. In this regard, the inventors have found that phosphated 2-propylheptanol or a phosphated 2-propylheptanol alkoxylate where the alkoxylate on the average comprises 1-20, preferably 1-15, more preferably 2-10, and most preferably 2-6 ethyleneoxy units and 0-3, preferably 0-2 propyleneoxy and/or butyleneoxy units, is an efficient hydrotrope and activity improver in agricultural formulations. The adjuvants of the invention improve wetting and uptake of active ingredients by a plant, resulting in a higher activity at a given application rate.  
         [0010]     In another embodiment, the invention relates to aqueous agricultural formulations comprising at least one agricultural active, and 0.1-30, preferably 0.1-20, and most preferably 0.1-10% by weight of the adjuvant of the present invention.  
         [0011]     The adjuvants of the invention can be used with any active ingredient in order to improve efficacy by improving the dispersion or emulsions properties in the application tank, or modifying the spreading and/or penetration properties of the spray solution on the plant. Examples of active ingredients include, but are not limited to herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, plant growth regulators and the like.  
         [0012]     The following is a non-limiting list of active ingredients that can be employed:  
         [0000]     Herbicides (examples, but not limited to):  
         [0013]     amide herbicides  
         [0014]     allidochlor  
         [0015]     beflubutamid  
         [0016]     benzadox  
         [0017]     benzipram  
         [0018]     bromobutide  
         [0019]     cafenstrole  
         [0020]     CDEA  
         [0021]     cyprazole  
         [0022]     dimethenamid  
         [0023]     dimethenamid-P  
         [0024]     diphenamid  
         [0025]     epronaz  
         [0026]     etnipromid  
         [0027]     fentrazamide  
         [0028]     flupoxam  
         [0029]     fomesafen  
         [0030]     halosafen  
         [0031]     isocarbamid  
         [0032]     isoxaben  
         [0033]     napropamide  
         [0034]     naptalam  
         [0035]     pethoxamid  
         [0036]     propyzamide  
         [0037]     quinonamid  
         [0038]     tebutam 
        anilide herbicides     chloranocryl     cisanilide     clomeprop     cypromid     diflufenican     etobenzanid     fenasulam     flufenacet     flufenican     mefenacet     mefluidide     metamifop     monalide     naproanilide     pentanochlor     picolinafen     propanil 
            arylalanine herbicides     benzoylprop     flamprop     flamprop-M     chloroacetanilide herbicides     acetochlor     alachlor     butachlor     butenachlor     delachlor     diethatyl     dimethachlor     metazachlor     metolachlor     S-metolachlor     pretilachlor     propachlor     propisochlor     prynachlor     terbuchlor     thenylchlor     xylachlor    
               
 
         [0079]     sulfonanilide herbicides  
         [0080]     benzofluor  
         [0081]     cloransulam  
         [0082]     diclosulam  
         [0083]     florasulam  
         [0084]     flumetsulam  
         [0085]     metosulam  
         [0086]     perfluidone  
         [0087]     pyrimisulfan  
         [0088]     profluazol  
         [0089]     sulfonamide herbicides  
         [0090]     asulam  
         [0091]     carbasulam  
         [0092]     fenasulam  
         [0093]     oryzalin  
         [0094]     penoxsulam 
        thioamide herbicides     bencarbazone     chlorthiamid        
 
         [0098]     antibiotic herbicides  
         [0099]     bilanafos  
         [0100]     aromatic acid herbicides 
        benzoic acid herbicides     chloramben     dicamba     2,3,6-TBA     tricamba 
            pyrimidinyloxybenzoic acid herbicides     bispyribac     pyriminobac     pyrimidinylthiobenzoic acid herbicides     pyrithiobac    
            phthalic acid herbicides     chlorthal     picolinic acid herbicides     aminopyralid     clopyralid     picloram     quinolinecarboxylic acid herbicides     quinclorac     quinmerac        
 
         [0120]     arsenical herbicides  
         [0121]     cacodylic acid  
         [0122]     CMA  
         [0123]     DSMA  
         [0124]     hexaflurate  
         [0125]     MAA  
         [0126]     MAMA  
         [0127]     MSMA  
         [0128]     potassium arsenite  
         [0129]     sodium arsenite  
         [0130]     benzoylcyclohexanedione herbicides  
         [0131]     mesotrione  
         [0132]     sulcotrione  
         [0133]     benzofuranyl alkylsulfonate herbicides  
         [0134]     benfuresate  
         [0135]     ethofumesate  
         [0136]     carbamate herbicides  
         [0137]     asulam  
         [0138]     carboxazole  
         [0139]     chlorprocarb  
         [0140]     dichlormate  
         [0141]     fenasulam  
         [0142]     karbutilate  
         [0143]     terbucarb  
         [0144]     carbanilate herbicides  
         [0145]     barban  
         [0146]     BCPC  
         [0147]     carbasulam  
         [0148]     carbetamide  
         [0149]     CEPC  
         [0150]     chlorbufam  
         [0151]     chlorpropham  
         [0152]     CPPC  
         [0153]     desmedipham  
         [0154]     phenisopham  
         [0155]     phenmedipham  
         [0156]     phenmedipham-ethyl  
         [0157]     propham  
         [0158]     swep  
         [0159]     cyclohexene oxime herbicides  
         [0160]     alloxydim  
         [0161]     butroxydim  
         [0162]     clethodim  
         [0163]     cloproxydim  
         [0164]     cycloxydim  
         [0165]     profoxydim  
         [0166]     sethoxydim  
         [0167]     tepraloxydim  
         [0168]     tralkoxydim  
         [0169]     cyclopropylisoxazole herbicides  
         [0170]     isoxachlortole  
         [0171]     isoxaflutole  
         [0172]     dicarboximide herbicides  
         [0173]     benzfendizone  
         [0174]     cinidon-ethyl  
         [0175]     flumezin  
         [0176]     flumiclorac  
         [0177]     flumioxazin  
         [0178]     flumipropyn  
         [0179]     dinitroaniline herbicides  
         [0180]     benfluralin  
         [0181]     butralin  
         [0182]     dinitramine  
         [0183]     ethalfluralin  
         [0184]     fluchloralin  
         [0185]     isopropalin  
         [0186]     methalpropalin  
         [0187]     nitralin  
         [0188]     oryzalin  
         [0189]     pendimethalin  
         [0190]     prodiamine  
         [0191]     profluralin  
         [0192]     trifluralin  
         [0193]     dinitrophenol herbicides  
         [0194]     dinofenate  
         [0195]     dinoprop  
         [0196]     dinosam  
         [0197]     dinoseb  
         [0198]     dinoterb  
         [0199]     DNOC  
         [0200]     etinofen  
         [0201]     medinoterb  
         [0202]     diphenyl ether herbicides  
         [0203]     ethoxyfen 
        nitrophenyl ether herbicides     acifluorfen     aclonifen     bifenox     chlomethoxyfen     chlornitrofen     etnipromid     fluorodifen     fluoroglycofen     fluoronitrofen     fomesafen     furyloxyfen     halosafen     lactofen     nitrofen     nitrofluorfen     oxyfluorfen        
 
         [0221]     dithiocarbamate herbicides  
         [0222]     dazomet  
         [0223]     metam  
         [0224]     halogenated aliphatic herbicides  
         [0225]     alorac  
         [0226]     chloropon  
         [0227]     dalapon  
         [0228]     flupropanate  
         [0229]     hexachloroacetone  
         [0230]     iodomethane  
         [0231]     methyl bromide  
         [0232]     monochloroacetic acid  
         [0233]     SMA  
         [0234]     TCA  
         [0235]     imidazolinone herbicides  
         [0236]     imazamethabenz  
         [0237]     imazamox  
         [0238]     imazapic  
         [0239]     imazapyr  
         [0240]     imazaquin  
         [0241]     imazethapyr  
         [0242]     inorganic herbicides  
         [0243]     ammonium sulfamate  
         [0244]     borax  
         [0245]     calcium chlorate  
         [0246]     copper sulfate  
         [0247]     ferrous sulfate  
         [0248]     potassium azide  
         [0249]     potassium cyanate  
         [0250]     sodium azide  
         [0251]     sodium chlorate  
         [0252]     sulfuric acid  
         [0253]     nitrile herbicides  
         [0254]     bromobonil  
         [0255]     bromoxynil  
         [0256]     chloroxynil  
         [0257]     dichlobenil  
         [0258]     iodobonil  
         [0259]     ioxynil  
         [0260]     pyraclonil  
         [0261]     organophosphorus herbicides  
         [0262]     amiprofos-methyl  
         [0263]     anilofos  
         [0264]     bensulide  
         [0265]     bilanafos  
         [0266]     butamifos  
         [0267]     2,4-DEP  
         [0268]     DMPA  
         [0269]     EBEP  
         [0270]     fosamine  
         [0271]     glufosinate  
         [0272]     glyphosate  
         [0273]     piperophos  
         [0274]     phenoxy herbicides  
         [0275]     bromofenoxim  
         [0276]     clomeprop  
         [0277]     2,4-DEB  
         [0278]     2,4-DEP  
         [0279]     difenopenten  
         [0280]     disul  
         [0281]     erbon  
         [0282]     etnipromid  
         [0283]     fenteracol  
         [0284]     trifopsime 
        phenoxyacetic herbicides     4-CPA     2,4-D     3,4-DA     MCPA     MCPA-thioethyl     2,4,5-T     phenoxybutyric herbicides     4-CPB     2,4-DB     3,4-DB     MCPB     2,4,5-TB     phenoxypropionic herbicides     cloprop     4-CPP     dichlorprop     dichlorprop-P     3,4-DP     fenoprop     mecoprop     mecoprop-P 
            aryloxyphenoxypropionic herbicides     chlorazifop     clodinafop     clofop     cyhalofop     diclofop     fenoxaprop     fenoxaprop-P     fenthiaprop     fluazifop     fluazifop-P     haloxyfop     haloxyfop-P     isoxapyrifop     metamifop     propaquizafop     quizalofop     quizalofop-P     trifop    
               
 
         [0326]     phenylenediamine herbicides  
         [0327]     dinitramine  
         [0328]     prodiamine  
         [0329]     phenyl pyrazolyl ketone herbicides  
         [0330]     benzofenap  
         [0331]     pyrasulfotole  
         [0332]     pyrazolynate  
         [0333]     pyrazoxyfen  
         [0334]     topramezone  
         [0335]     pyrazolylphenyl herbicides  
         [0336]     fluazolate  
         [0337]     pyraflufen  
         [0338]     pyridazine herbicides  
         [0339]     credazine  
         [0340]     pyridafol  
         [0341]     pyridate  
         [0342]     pyridazinone herbicides  
         [0343]     brompyrazon  
         [0344]     chloridazon  
         [0345]     dimidazon  
         [0346]     flufenpyr  
         [0347]     metflurazon  
         [0348]     norflurazon  
         [0349]     oxapyrazon  
         [0350]     pydanon  
         [0351]     pyridine herbicides  
         [0352]     aminopyralid  
         [0353]     cliodinate  
         [0354]     clopyralid  
         [0355]     dithiopyr  
         [0356]     fluroxypyr  
         [0357]     haloxydine  
         [0358]     picloram  
         [0359]     picolinafen  
         [0360]     pyriclor  
         [0361]     thiazopyr  
         [0362]     triclopyr  
         [0363]     pyrimidinediamine herbicides  
         [0364]     iprymidam  
         [0365]     tioclorim  
         [0366]     quaternary ammonium herbicides  
         [0367]     cyperquat  
         [0368]     diethamquat  
         [0369]     difenzoquat  
         [0370]     diquat  
         [0371]     morfamquat  
         [0372]     paraquat  
         [0373]     thiocarbamate herbicides  
         [0374]     butylate  
         [0375]     cycloate  
         [0376]     di-allate  
         [0377]     EPTC  
         [0378]     esprocarb  
         [0379]     ethiolate  
         [0380]     isopolinate  
         [0381]     methiobencarb  
         [0382]     molinate  
         [0383]     orbencarb  
         [0384]     pebulate  
         [0385]     prosulfocarb  
         [0386]     pyributicarb  
         [0387]     sulfallate  
         [0388]     thiobencarb  
         [0389]     tiocarbazil  
         [0390]     tri-allate  
         [0391]     vernolate  
         [0392]     thiocarbonate herbicides  
         [0393]     dimexano  
         [0394]     EXD  
         [0395]     proxan  
         [0396]     thiourea herbicides  
         [0397]     methiuron  
         [0398]     triazine herbicides  
         [0399]     dipropetryn  
         [0400]     triaziflam  
         [0401]     trihydroxytriazine 
        chlorotriazine herbicides     atrazine     chlorazine     cyanazine     cyprazine     eglinazine     ipazine     mesoprazine     procyazine     proglinazine     propazine     sebuthylazine     simazine     terbuthylazine     trietazine     methoxytriazine herbicides     atraton     methometon     prometon     secbumeton     simeton     terbumeton     methylthiotriazine herbicides     ametryn     aziprotryne     cyanatryn     desmetryn     dimethametryn     methoprotryne     prometryn     simetryn     terbutryn        
 
         [0434]     triazinone herbicides  
         [0435]     ametridione  
         [0436]     amibuzin  
         [0437]     hexazinone  
         [0438]     isomethiozin  
         [0439]     metamitron  
         [0440]     metribuzin  
         [0441]     triazole herbicides  
         [0442]     amitrole  
         [0443]     cafenstrole  
         [0444]     epronaz  
         [0445]     flupoxam  
         [0446]     triazolone herbicides  
         [0447]     amicarbazone  
         [0448]     bencarbazone  
         [0449]     carfentrazone  
         [0450]     flucarbazone  
         [0451]     propoxycarbazone  
         [0452]     sulfentrazone  
         [0453]     triazolopyrimidine herbicides  
         [0454]     cloransulam  
         [0455]     diclosulam  
         [0456]     florasulam  
         [0457]     flumetsulam  
         [0458]     metosulam  
         [0459]     penoxsulam  
         [0460]     uracil herbicides  
         [0461]     butafenacil  
         [0462]     bromacil  
         [0463]     flupropacil  
         [0464]     isocil  
         [0465]     lenacil  
         [0466]     terbacil  
         [0467]     urea herbicides  
         [0468]     benzthiazuron  
         [0469]     cumyluron  
         [0470]     cycluron  
         [0471]     dichloralurea  
         [0472]     diflufenzopyr  
         [0473]     isonoruron  
         [0474]     isouron  
         [0475]     methabenzthiazuron  
         [0476]     monisouron  
         [0477]     noruron 
        phenylurea herbicides     anisuron     buturon     chlorbromuron     chloreturon     chlorotoluron     chloroxuron     daimuron     difenoxuron     dimefuron     diuron     fenuron     fluometuron     fluothiuron     isoproturon     linuron     methiuron     methyldymron     metobenzuron     metobromuron     metoxuron     monolinuron     monuron     neburon     parafluron     phenobenzuron     siduron     tetrafluron     thidiazuron     sulfonylurea herbicides 
            pyrimidinylsulfonylurea herbicides     amidosulfuron     azimsulfuron     bensulfuron     chlorimuron     cyclosulfamuron     ethoxysulfuron     flazasulfuron     flucetosulfuron     flupyrsulfuron     foramsulfuron     halosulfuron     imazosulfuron     mesosulfuron     nicosulfuron     orthosulfamuron     oxasulfuron     primisulfuron     pyrazosulfuron     rimsulfuron     sulfometuron     sulfosulfuron     trifloxysulfuron     triazinylsulfonylurea herbicides     chlorsulfuron     cinosulfuron     ethametsulfuron     iodosulfuron     metsulfuron     prosulfuron     thifensulfuron     triasulfuron     tribenuron     triflusulfuron     tritosulfuron    
            thiadiazolylurea herbicides     buthiuron     ethidimuron     tebuthiuron     thiazafluron     thidiazuron        
 
         [0549]     unclassified herbicides  
         [0550]     acrolein  
         [0551]     ally alcohol  
         [0552]     azafenidin  
         [0553]     benazolin  
         [0554]     bentazone  
         [0555]     benzobicyclon  
         [0556]     buthidazole  
         [0557]     calcium cyanamide  
         [0558]     cambendichlor  
         [0559]     chlorfenac  
         [0560]     chlorfenprop  
         [0561]     chlorflurazole  
         [0562]     chlorflurenol  
         [0563]     cinmethylin  
         [0564]     clomazone  
         [0565]     CPMF  
         [0566]     cresol  
         [0567]     ortho-dichlorobenzene  
         [0568]     dimepiperate  
         [0569]     endothal  
         [0570]     fluoromidine  
         [0571]     fluridone  
         [0572]     flurochloridone  
         [0573]     flurtamone  
         [0574]     fluthiacet  
         [0575]     indanofan  
         [0576]     methazole  
         [0577]     methyl isothiocyanate  
         [0578]     nipyraclofen  
         [0579]     OCH  
         [0580]     oxadiargyl  
         [0581]     oxadiazon  
         [0582]     oxaziclomefone  
         [0583]     pentachlorophenol  
         [0584]     pentoxazone  
         [0585]     phenylmercury acetate  
         [0586]     pinoxaden  
         [0587]     prosulfalin  
         [0588]     pyribenzoxim  
         [0589]     pyriftalid  
         [0590]     quinoclamine  
         [0591]     rhodethanil  
         [0592]     sulglycapin  
         [0593]     thidiazimin  
         [0594]     tridiphane  
         [0595]     trimeturon  
         [0596]     tripropindan  
         [0597]     tritac  
         [0000]     Fungicides include, but are not limited to:  
         [0598]     aliphatic nitrogen fungicides  
         [0599]     butylamine  
         [0600]     cymoxanil  
         [0601]     dodicin  
         [0602]     dodine  
         [0603]     guazatine  
         [0604]     iminoctadine  
         [0605]     amide fungicides  
         [0606]     carpropamid  
         [0607]     chloraniformethan  
         [0608]     cyflufenamid  
         [0609]     diclocymet  
         [0610]     ethaboxam  
         [0611]     fenoxanil  
         [0612]     flumetover  
         [0613]     furametpyr  
         [0614]     mandipropamid  
         [0615]     penthiopyrad  
         [0616]     prochloraz  
         [0617]     quinazamid  
         [0618]     silthiofam  
         [0619]     triforine 
        acylamino acid fungicides     benalaxyl     benalaxyl-M     furalaxyl     metalaxyl     metalaxyl-M     pefurazoate     anilide fungicides     benalaxyl     benalaxyl-M     boscalid     carboxin     fenhexamid     metalaxyl     metalaxyl-M     metsulfovax     ofurace     oxadixyl     oxycarboxin     pyracarbolid     thifluzamide     tiadinil 
            benzanilide fungicides     benodanil     flutolanil     mebenil     mepronil     salicylanilide     tecloftalam     furanilide fungicides     fenfuram     furalaxyl     furcarbanil     methfuroxam     sulfonanilide fungicides     flusulfamide    
            benzamide fungicides     benzohydroxamic acid     fluopicolide     tioxymid     trichlamide     zarilamid     zoxamide     furamide fungicides     cyclafuramid     furmecyclox     phenylsulfamide fungicides     dichlofluanid     tolylfluanid     sulfonamide fungicides     amisulbrom     cyazofamid     valinamide fungicides     benthiavalicarb     iprovalicarb        
 
         [0675]     antibiotic fungicides  
         [0676]     aureofungin  
         [0677]     blasticidin-S  
         [0678]     cycloheximide  
         [0679]     griseofulvin  
         [0680]     kasugamycin  
         [0681]     natamycin  
         [0682]     polyoxins  
         [0683]     polyoxorim  
         [0684]     streptomycin  
         [0685]     validamycin 
        strobilurin fungicides     azoxystrobin     dimoxystrobin     fluoxastrobin     kresoxim-methyl     metominostrobin     orysastrobin     picoxystrobin     pyraclostrobin     trifloxystrobin        
 
         [0696]     aromatic fungicides  
         [0697]     biphenyl  
         [0698]     chlorodinitronaphthalene  
         [0699]     chloroneb  
         [0700]     chlorothalonil  
         [0701]     cresol  
         [0702]     dicloran  
         [0703]     hexachlorobenzene  
         [0704]     pentachlorophenol  
         [0705]     quintozene  
         [0706]     sodium pentachlorophenoxide  
         [0707]     tecnazene  
         [0708]     benzimidazole fungicides  
         [0709]     benomyl  
         [0710]     carbendazim  
         [0711]     chlorfenazole  
         [0712]     cypendazole  
         [0713]     debacarb  
         [0714]     fuberidazole  
         [0715]     mecarbinzid  
         [0716]     rabenzazole  
         [0717]     thiabendazole  
         [0718]     benzimidazole precursor fungicides  
         [0719]     furophanate  
         [0720]     thiophanate  
         [0721]     thiophanate-methyl  
         [0722]     benzothiazole fungicides  
         [0723]     bentaluron  
         [0724]     chlobenthiazone  
         [0725]     TCMTB  
         [0726]     bridged diphenyl fungicides  
         [0727]     bithionol  
         [0728]     dichlorophen  
         [0729]     diphenylamine  
         [0730]     carbamate fungicides  
         [0731]     benthiavalicarb  
         [0732]     furophanate  
         [0733]     iprovalicarb  
         [0734]     propamocarb  
         [0735]     thiophanate  
         [0736]     thiophanate-methyl 
        benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicides     benomyl     carbendazim     cypendazole     debacarb     mecarbinzid     carbanilate fungicides     diethofencarb        
 
         [0745]     conazole fungicides 
        conazole fungicides (imidazoles)     climbazole     clotrimazole     imazalil     oxpoconazole     prochloraz     triflumizole     see also imidazole fungicides     conazole fungicides (triazoles)     azaconazole     bromuconazole     cyproconazole     diclobutrazol     difenoconazole     diniconazole     diniconazole-M     epoxiconazole     etaconazole     fenbuconazole     fluquinconazole     flusilazole     flutriafol     furconazole     furconazole-cis     hexaconazole     imibenconazole     ipconazole     metconazole     myclobutanil     penconazole     propiconazole     prothioconazole     quinconazole     simeconazole     tebuconazole     tetraconazole     triadimefon     triadimenol     triticonazole     uniconazole     uniconazole-P     see also triazole fungicides        
 
         [0788]     copper fungicides  
         [0789]     Bordeaux mixture  
         [0790]     Burgundy mixture  
         [0791]     Cheshunt mixture  
         [0792]     copper acetate  
         [0793]     copper carbonate, basic  
         [0794]     copper hydroxide  
         [0795]     copper naphthenate  
         [0796]     copper oleate  
         [0797]     copper oxychloride  
         [0798]     copper sulfate  
         [0799]     copper sulfate, basic  
         [0800]     copper zinc chromate  
         [0801]     cufraneb  
         [0802]     cuprobam  
         [0803]     cuprous oxide  
         [0804]     mancopper  
         [0805]     oxine copper  
         [0806]     dicarboximide fungicides  
         [0807]     famoxadone  
         [0808]     fluoroimide 
        dichlorophenyl dicarboximide fungicides     chlozolinate     dichlozoline     iprodione     isovaledione     myclozolin     procymidone     vinclozolin     phthalimide fungicides     captafol     captan     ditalimfos     folpet     thiochlorfenphim        
 
         [0823]     dinitrophenol fungicides  
         [0824]     binapacryl  
         [0825]     dinobuton  
         [0826]     dinocap  
         [0827]     dinocap-4  
         [0828]     dinocap-6  
         [0829]     dinocton  
         [0830]     dinopenton  
         [0831]     dinosulfon  
         [0832]     dinoterbon  
         [0833]     DNOC  
         [0834]     dithiocarbamate fungicides  
         [0835]     azithiram  
         [0836]     carbamorph  
         [0837]     cufraneb  
         [0838]     cuprobam  
         [0839]     disulfiram  
         [0840]     ferbam  
         [0841]     metam  
         [0842]     nabam  
         [0843]     tecoram  
         [0844]     thiram  
         [0845]     ziram 
        cyclic dithiocarbamate fungicides     dazomet     etem     milneb     polymeric dithiocarbamate fungicides     mancopper     mancozeb     maneb     metiram     polycarbamate     propineb     zineb        
 
         [0858]     imidazole fungicides  
         [0859]     cyazofamid  
         [0860]     fenamidone  
         [0861]     fenapanil  
         [0862]     glyodin  
         [0863]     iprodione  
         [0864]     isovaledione  
         [0865]     pefurazoate  
         [0866]     triazoxide  
         [0867]     see also conazole fungicides (imidazoles)  
         [0868]     inorganic fungicides  
         [0869]     potassium azide  
         [0870]     potassium thiocyanate  
         [0871]     sodium azide  
         [0872]     sulfur  
         [0873]     see also copper fungicides  
         [0874]     see also inorganic mercury fungicides  
         [0875]     mercury fungicides 
        inorganic mercury fungicides     mercuric chloride     mercuric oxide     mercurous chloride     organomercury fungicides     (3-ethoxypropyl)mercury bromide     ethylmercury acetate     ethylmercury bromide     ethylmercury chloride     ethylmercury 2,3-dihydroxypropyl mercaptide     ethylmercury phosphate     N-(ethylmercury)-p-toluenesulphonanilide     hydrargaphen     2-methoxyethylmercury chloride     methylmercury benzoate     methylmercury dicyandiamide     methylmercury pentachlorophenoxide     8-phenylmercurioxyquinoline     phenylmercuriurea     phenylmercury acetate     phenylmercury chloride     phenylmercury derivative of pyrocatechol     phenylmercury nitrate     phenylmercury salicylate     thiomersal     tolylmercury acetate        
 
         [0902]     morpholine fungicides  
         [0903]     aldimorph  
         [0904]     benzamorf  
         [0905]     carbamorph  
         [0906]     dimethomorph  
         [0907]     dodemorph  
         [0908]     fenpropimorph  
         [0909]     flumorph  
         [0910]     tridemorph  
         [0911]     organophosphorus fungicides  
         [0912]     ampropylfos  
         [0913]     ditalimfos  
         [0914]     edifenphos  
         [0915]     fosetyl  
         [0916]     hexylthiofos  
         [0917]     iprobenfos  
         [0918]     phosdiphen  
         [0919]     pyrazophos  
         [0920]     tolclofos-methyl  
         [0921]     triamiphos  
         [0922]     organotin fungicides  
         [0923]     decafentin  
         [0924]     fentin  
         [0925]     tributyltin oxide  
         [0926]     oxathiin fungicides  
         [0927]     carboxin  
         [0928]     oxycarboxin  
         [0929]     oxazole fungicides  
         [0930]     chlozolinate  
         [0931]     dichlozoline  
         [0932]     drazoxolon  
         [0933]     famoxadone  
         [0934]     hymexazol  
         [0935]     metazoxolon  
         [0936]     myclozolin  
         [0937]     oxadixyl  
         [0938]     vinclozolin  
         [0939]     polysulfide fungicides  
         [0940]     barium polysulfide  
         [0941]     calcium polysulfide  
         [0942]     potassium polysulfide  
         [0943]     sodium polysulfide  
         [0944]     pyrazole fungicides  
         [0945]     furametpyr  
         [0946]     penthiopyrad  
         [0947]     pyridine fungicides  
         [0948]     boscalid  
         [0949]     buthiobate  
         [0950]     dipyrithione  
         [0951]     fluazinam  
         [0952]     fluopicolide  
         [0953]     pyridinitril  
         [0954]     pyrifenox  
         [0955]     pyroxychlor  
         [0956]     pyroxyfur  
         [0957]     pyrimidine fungicides  
         [0958]     bupirimate  
         [0959]     cyprodinil  
         [0960]     diflumetorim  
         [0961]     dimethirimol  
         [0962]     ethirimol  
         [0963]     fenarimol  
         [0964]     ferimzone  
         [0965]     mepanipyrim  
         [0966]     nuarimol  
         [0967]     pyrimethanil  
         [0968]     triarimol  
         [0969]     pyrrole fungicides  
         [0970]     fenpiclonil  
         [0971]     fludioxonil  
         [0972]     fluoroimide  
         [0973]     quinoline fungicides  
         [0974]     ethoxyquin  
         [0975]     halacrinate  
         [0976]     8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate  
         [0977]     quinacetol  
         [0978]     quinoxyfen  
         [0979]     quinone fungicides  
         [0980]     benquinox  
         [0981]     chloranil  
         [0982]     dichlone  
         [0983]     dithianon  
         [0984]     quinoxaline fungicides  
         [0985]     chinomethionat  
         [0986]     chlorquinox  
         [0987]     thioquinox  
         [0988]     thiazole fungicides  
         [0989]     ethaboxam  
         [0990]     etridiazole  
         [0991]     metsulfovax  
         [0992]     octhilinone  
         [0993]     thiabendazole  
         [0994]     thiadifluor  
         [0995]     thifluzamide  
         [0996]     thiocarbamate fungicides  
         [0997]     methasulfocarb  
         [0998]     prothiocarb  
         [0999]     thiophene fungicides  
         [1000]     ethaboxam  
         [1001]     silthiofam  
         [1002]     triazine fungicides  
         [1003]     anilazine  
         [1004]     triazole fungicides  
         [1005]     amisulbrom  
         [1006]     bitertanol  
         [1007]     fluotrimazole  
         [1008]     triazbutil  
         [1009]     see also conazole fungicides (triazoles)  
         [1010]     urea fungicides  
         [1011]     bentaluron  
         [1012]     pencycuron  
         [1013]     quinazamid  
         [1014]     unclassified fungicides  
         [1015]     acibenzolar  
         [1016]     acypetacs  
         [1017]     allyl alcohol  
         [1018]     benzalkonium chloride  
         [1019]     benzamacril  
         [1020]     bethoxazin  
         [1021]     carvone  
         [1022]     chloropicrin  
         [1023]     DBCP  
         [1024]     dehydroacetic acid  
         [1025]     diclomezine  
         [1026]     diethyl pyrocarbonate  
         [1027]     fenaminosulf  
         [1028]     fenitropan  
         [1029]     fenpropidin  
         [1030]     formaldehyde  
         [1031]     furfural  
         [1032]     hexachlorobutadiene  
         [1033]     iodomethane  
         [1034]     isoprothiolane  
         [1035]     methyl bromide  
         [1036]     methyl isothiocyanate  
         [1037]     metrafenone  
         [1038]     nitrostyrene  
         [1039]     nitrothal-isopropyl  
         [1040]     OCH  
         [1041]     2-phenylphenol  
         [1042]     phthalide  
         [1043]     piperalin  
         [1044]     probenazole  
         [1045]     proquinazid  
         [1046]     pyroquilon  
         [1047]     sodium orthophenylphenoxide  
         [1048]     spiroxamine  
         [1049]     sultropen  
         [1050]     thicyofen  
         [1051]     tricyclazole  
         [1052]     zinc naphthenate  
         [0000]     Insecticides include, but are not limited to:  
         [1053]     antibiotic insecticides  
         [1054]     allosamidin  
         [1055]     thuringiensin 
        macrocyclic lactone insecticides     spinosad 
            avermectin insecticides     abamectin     doramectin     emamectin     eprinomectin     ivermectin     selamectin     milbemycin insecticides     lepimectin     milbemectin     milbemycin oxime     moxidectin    
               
 
         [1070]     arsenical insecticides  
         [1071]     calcium arsenate  
         [1072]     copper acetoarsenite  
         [1073]     copper arsenate  
         [1074]     lead arsenate  
         [1075]     potassium arsenite  
         [1076]     sodium arsenite  
         [1077]     botanical insecticides  
         [1078]     anabasine  
         [1079]     azadirachtin  
         [1080]     d-limonene  
         [1081]     nicotine  
         [1082]     pyrethrins  
         [1083]     cinerins  
         [1084]     cinerin I  
         [1085]     cinerin II  
         [1086]     jasmolin I  
         [1087]     jasmolin II  
         [1088]     pyrethrin I  
         [1089]     pyrethrin II  
         [1090]     quassia  
         [1091]     rotenone  
         [1092]     ryania  
         [1093]     sabadilla  
         [1094]     carbamate insecticides  
         [1095]     bendiocarb  
         [1096]     carbaryl 
        benzofuranyl methylcarbamate insecticides     benfuracarb     carbofuran     carbosulfan     decarbofuran     furathiocarb     dimethylcarbamate insecticides     dimetan     dimetilan     hyquincarb     pirimicarb     oxime carbamate insecticides     alanycarb     aldicarb     aldoxycarb     butocarboxim     butoxycarboxim     methomyl     nitrilacarb     oxamyl     tazimcarb     thiocarboxime     thiodicarb     thiofanox     phenyl methylcarbamate insecticides     allyxycarb     aminocarb     bufencarb     butacarb     carbanolate     cloethocarb     dicresyl     dioxacarb     EMPC     ethiofencarb     fenethacarb     fenobucarb     isoprocarb     methiocarb     metolcarb     mexacarbate     promacyl     promecarb     propoxur     trimethacarb     XMC     xylylcarb        
 
         [1144]     dinitrophenol insecticides  
         [1145]     dinex  
         [1146]     dinoprop  
         [1147]     dinosam  
         [1148]     DNOC  
         [1149]     fluorine insecticides  
         [1150]     barium hexafluorosilicate  
         [1151]     cryolite  
         [1152]     sodium fluoride  
         [1153]     sodium hexafluorosilicate  
         [1154]     sulfluramid  
         [1155]     formamidine insecticides  
         [1156]     amitraz  
         [1157]     chlordimeform  
         [1158]     formetanate  
         [1159]     formparanate  
         [1160]     fumigant insecticides  
         [1161]     acrylonitrile  
         [1162]     carbon disulfide  
         [1163]     carbon tetrachloride  
         [1164]     chloroform  
         [1165]     chloropicrin  
         [1166]     para-dichlorobenzene  
         [1167]     1,2-dichloropropane  
         [1168]     ethyl formate  
         [1169]     ethylene dibromide  
         [1170]     ethylene dichloride  
         [1171]     ethylene oxide  
         [1172]     hydrogen cyanide  
         [1173]     iodomethane  
         [1174]     methyl bromide  
         [1175]     methylchloroform  
         [1176]     methylene chloride  
         [1177]     naphthalene  
         [1178]     phosphine  
         [1179]     sulfuryl fluoride  
         [1180]     tetrachloroethane  
         [1181]     inorganic insecticides  
         [1182]     borax  
         [1183]     calcium polysulfide  
         [1184]     copper oleate  
         [1185]     mercurous chloride  
         [1186]     potassium thiocyanate  
         [1187]     sodium thiocyanate  
         [1188]     see also arsenical insecticides  
         [1189]     see also fluorine insecticides  
         [1190]     insect growth regulators 
        chitin synthesis inhibitors     bistrifluron     buprofezin     chlorfluazuron     cyromazine     diflubenzuron     flucycloxuron     flufenoxuron     hexaflumuron     lufenuron     novaluron     noviflumuron     penfluron     teflubenzuron     triflumuron     juvenile hormone mimics     epofenonane     fenoxycarb     hydroprene     kinoprene     methoprene     pyriproxyfen     triprene     juvenile hormones     juvenile hormone I     juvenile hormone II     juvenile hormone III     moulting hormone agonists     chromafenozide     halofenozide     methoxyfenozide     tebufenozide     moulting hormones     α-ecdysone     ecdysterone     moulting inhibitors     diofenolan     precocenes     precocene I     precocene II     precocene III     unclassified insect growth regulators     dicyclanil        
 
         [1234]     nereistoxin analogue insecticides  
         [1235]     bensultap  
         [1236]     cartap  
         [1237]     thiocyclam  
         [1238]     thiosultap  
         [1239]     nicotinoid insecticides  
         [1240]     flonicamid 
        nitroguanidine insecticides     clothianidin     dinotefuran     imidacloprid     thiamethoxam     nitromethylene insecticides     nitenpyram     nithiazine     pyridylmethylamine insecticides     acetamiprid     imidacloprid     nitenpyram     thiacloprid        
 
         [1254]     organochlorine insecticides  
         [1255]     bromo-DDT  
         [1256]     camphechlor  
         [1257]     DDT  
         [1258]     pp&#39;-DDT  
         [1259]     ethyl-DDD  
         [1260]     HCH  
         [1261]     gamma-HCH  
         [1262]     lindane  
         [1263]     methoxychlor  
         [1264]     pentachlorophenol  
         [1265]     TDE 
        cyclodiene insecticides     aldrin     bromocyclen     chlorbicyclen     chlordane     chlordecone     dieldrin     dilor     endosulfan     endrin     HEOD     heptachlor     HHDN     isobenzan     isodrin     kelevan     mirex        
 
         [1283]     organophosphorus insecticides 
        organophosphate insecticides     bromfenvinfos     chlorfenvinphos     crotoxyphos     dichlorvos     dicrotophos     dimethylvinphos     fospirate     heptenophos     methocrotophos     mevinphos     monocrotophos     naled     naftalofos     phosphamidon     propaphos     TEPP     tetrachlorvinphos     organothiophosphate insecticides     dioxabenzofos     fosmethilan     phenthoate 
            aliphatic organothiophosphate insecticides     acethion     amiton     cadusafos     chlorethoxyfos     chlormephos     demephion     demephion-O     demephion-S     demeton     demeton-O     demeton-S     demeton-methyl     demeton-O-methyl     demeton-S-methyl     demeton-S-methylsulphon     disulfoton     ethion     ethoprophos     IPSP     isothioate     malathion     methacrifos     oxydemeton-methyl     oxydeprofos     oxydisulfoton     phorate     sulfotep     terbufos     thiometon 
                aliphatic amide organothiophosphate insecticides     amidithion     cyanthoate     dimethoate     ethoate-methyl     formothion     mecarbam     omethoate     prothoate     sophamide     vamidothion     oxime organothiophosphate insecticides     chlorphoxim     phoxim     phoxim-methyl    
                heterocyclic organothiophosphate insecticides     azamethiphos     coumaphos     coumithoate     dioxathion     endothion     menazon     morphothion     phosalone     pyraclofos     pyridaphenthion     quinothion 
                benzothiopyran organothiophosphate insecticides     dithicrofos     thicrofos     benzotriazine organothiophosphate insecticides     azinphos-ethyl     azinphos-methyl     isoindole organothiophosphate insecticides     dialifos     phosmet     isoxazole organothiophosphate insecticides     isoxathion     zolaprofos     pyrazolopyrimidine organothiophosphate insecticides     chlorprazophos     pyrazophos     pyridine organothiophosphate insecticides     chlorpyrifos     chlorpyrifos-methyl     pyrimidine organothiophosphate insecticides     butathiofos     diazinon     etrimfos     lirimfos     pirimiphos-ethyl     pirimiphos-methyl     primidophos     pyrimitate     tebupirimfos     quinoxaline organothiophosphate insecticides     quinalphos     quinalphos-methyl     thiadiazole organothiophosphate insecticides     athidathion     lythidathion     methidathion     prothidathion     triazole organothiophosphate insecticides     isazofos     triazophos    
                phenyl organothiophosphate insecticides     azothoate     bromophos     bromophos-ethyl     carbophenothion     chlorthiophos     cyanophos     cythioate     dicapthon     dichlofenthion     etaphos     famphur     fenchlorphos     fenitrothion     fensulfothion     fenthion     fenthion-ethyl     heterophos     jodfenphos     mesulfenfos     parathion     parathion-methyl     phenkapton     phosnichlor     profenofos     prothiofos     sulprofos     temephos     trichlormetaphos-3     trifenofos    
            phosphonate insecticides     butonate     trichlorfon     phosphonothioate insecticides     mecarphon 
            phenyl ethylphosphonothioate insecticides     fonofos     trichloronat     phenyl phenylphosphonothioate insecticides     cyanofenphos     EPN     leptophos    
            phosphoramidate insecticides     crufomate     fenamiphos     fosthietan     mephosfolan     phosfolan     pirimetaphos     phosphoramidothioate insecticides     acephate     isocarbophos     isofenphos     methamidophos     propetamphos     phosphorodiamide insecticides     dimefox     mazidox     mipafox     schradan        
 
         [1462]     oxadiazine insecticides  
         [1463]     indoxacarb  
         [1464]     phthalimide insecticides  
         [1465]     dialifos  
         [1466]     phosmet  
         [1467]     tetramethrin  
         [1468]     pyrazole insecticides  
         [1469]     acetoprole  
         [1470]     ethiprole  
         [1471]     fipronil  
         [1472]     pyrafluprole  
         [1473]     pyriprole  
         [1474]     tebufenpyrad  
         [1475]     tolfenpyrad  
         [1476]     vaniliprole  
         [1477]     pyrethroid insecticides 
        pyrethroid ester insecticides     acrinathrin     allethrin     bioallethrin     barthrin     bifenthrin     bioethanomethrin     cyclethrin     cycloprothrin     cyfluthrin     beta-cyfluthrin     cyhalothrin     gamma-cyhalothrin     lambda-cyhalothrin     cypermethrin     alpha-cypermethrin     beta-cypermethrin     theta-cypermethrin     zeta-cypermethrin     cyphenothrin     deltamethrin     dimefluthrin     dimethrin     empenthrin     fenfluthrin     fenpirithrin     fenpropathrin     fenvalerate     esfenvalerate     flucythrinate     fluvalinate     tau-fluvalinate     furethrin     imiprothrin     metofluthrin     permethrin     biopermethrin     transpermethrin     phenothrin     prallethrin     profluthrin     pyresmethrin     resmethrin     bioresmethrin     cismethrin     tefluthrin     terallethrin     tetramethrin     tralomethrin     transfluthrin     pyrethroid ether insecticides     etofenprox     flufenprox     halfenprox     protrifenbute     silafluofen        
 
         [1534]     pyrimidinamine insecticides  
         [1535]     flufenerim  
         [1536]     pyrimidifen  
         [1537]     pyrrole insecticides  
         [1538]     chlorfenapyr  
         [1539]     tetronic acid insecticides  
         [1540]     spiromesifen  
         [1541]     spirotetramat  
         [1542]     thiourea insecticides  
         [1543]     diafenthiuron  
         [1544]     urea insecticides  
         [1545]     flucofuron  
         [1546]     sulcofuron  
         [1547]     see also chitin synthesis inhibitors  
         [1548]     unclassified insecticides  
         [1549]     closantel  
         [1550]     crotamiton  
         [1551]     EXD  
         [1552]     fenazaflor  
         [1553]     fenoxacrim  
         [1554]     flubendiamide  
         [1555]     hydramethylnon  
         [1556]     isoprothiolane  
         [1557]     malonoben  
         [1558]     metaflumizone  
         [1559]     metoxadiazone  
         [1560]     nifluridide  
         [1561]     pyridaben  
         [1562]     pyridalyl  
         [1563]     rafoxanide  
         [1564]     triarathene  
         [1565]     triazamate  
         [0000]     Plant growth regulators include, but are not limited to:  
         [1566]     antiauxins  
         [1567]     clofibric acid  
         [1568]     2,3,5-tri-iodobenzoic acid  
         [1569]     auxins  
         [1570]     4-CPA  
         [1571]     2,4-D  
         [1572]     2,4-DB  
         [1573]     2,4-DEP  
         [1574]     dichlorprop  
         [1575]     fenoprop  
         [1576]     IAA  
         [1577]     IBA  
         [1578]     naphthaleneacetamide  
         [1579]     α-naphthaleneacetic acid  
         [1580]     1-naphthol  
         [1581]     naphthoxyacetic acid  
         [1582]     potassium naphthenate  
         [1583]     sodium naphthenate  
         [1584]     2,4,5-T  
         [1585]     cytokinins  
         [1586]     2iP  
         [1587]     benzyladenine  
         [1588]     kinetin  
         [1589]     zeatin  
         [1590]     defoliants  
         [1591]     calcium cyanamide  
         [1592]     dimethipin  
         [1593]     endothal  
         [1594]     ethephon  
         [1595]     merphos  
         [1596]     metoxuron  
         [1597]     pentachlorophenol  
         [1598]     thidiazuron  
         [1599]     tribufos  
         [1600]     ethylene inhibitors  
         [1601]     aviglycine  
         [1602]     1-methylcyclopropene  
         [1603]     ethylene releasers  
         [1604]     ACC  
         [1605]     etacelasil  
         [1606]     ethephon  
         [1607]     glyoxime  
         [1608]     gibberellins  
         [1609]     gibberellins  
         [1610]     gibberellic acid  
         [1611]     growth inhibitors  
         [1612]     abscisic acid  
         [1613]     ancymidol  
         [1614]     butralin  
         [1615]     carbaryl  
         [1616]     chlorphonium  
         [1617]     chlorpropham  
         [1618]     dikegulac  
         [1619]     flumetralin  
         [1620]     fluoridamid  
         [1621]     fosamine  
         [1622]     glyphosine  
         [1623]     isopyrimol  
         [1624]     jasmonic acid  
         [1625]     maleic hydrazide  
         [1626]     mepiquat  
         [1627]     piproctanyl  
         [1628]     prohydrojasmon  
         [1629]     propham  
         [1630]     2,3,5-tri-iodobenzoic acid 
        morphactins     chlorfluren     chlorflurenol     dichlorflurenol     flurenol        
 
         [1636]     growth retardants  
         [1637]     chlormequat  
         [1638]     daminozide  
         [1639]     flurprimidol  
         [1640]     mefluidide  
         [1641]     paclobutrazol  
         [1642]     tetcyclacis  
         [1643]     uniconazole  
         [1644]     growth stimulators  
         [1645]     brassinolide  
         [1646]     forchlorfenuron  
         [1647]     hymexazol  
         [1648]     unclassified plant growth regulators  
         [1649]     benzofluor  
         [1650]     buminafos  
         [1651]     carvone  
         [1652]     ciobutide  
         [1653]     clofencet  
         [1654]     cloxyfonac  
         [1655]     cyclanilide  
         [1656]     cycloheximide  
         [1657]     epocholeone  
         [1658]     ethychlozate  
         [1659]     ethylene  
         [1660]     fenridazon  
         [1661]     heptopargil  
         [1662]     holosulf  
         [1663]     inabenfide  
         [1664]     karetazan  
         [1665]     lead arsenate  
         [1666]     methasulfocarb  
         [1667]     prohexadione  
         [1668]     pydanon  
         [1669]     sintofen  
         [1670]     triapenthenol  
         [1671]     trinexapac  
         [1672]     The adjuvant of the invention comprises phosphated 2-propylheptanol and/or a phosphated 2-propylheptanol alkoxylate, where the alkoxylate on average comprises 1-20, in another embodiment 2-10, in still another embodiment 2-6, and in still another embodiment 2-4, and most preferably 3, ethyleneoxy units and 0-3, preferably 0-2, propyleneoxy units. In one embodiment, the adjuvant of the invention comprises at least one phosphated alkoxylate according to the formula  
                         
 
 where M is H, a monovalent metal ion or R 1 R 2 R 3 R 4 N + , where R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4  are H, an alkyl group with 1-4 carbon atoms or —CH 2 CH 2 OH, and c is a number 1-20, preferably 2-10, more preferably 2-6, even more preferably 2-4, and most preferably 3. 
 
         [1673]     Phosphated 2-propylheptanol or a phosphated 2-propylheptanol alkoxylate may be obtained by different processes, the most common being the reaction of 2-propylheptanol or alkoxylated 2-propylheptanol with polyphosphoric acid or phosphorous pentoxide (P 2 O 5 ).  
         [1674]     In the process using polyphosphoric acid the resulting product mixture will predominantly contain the monoalkylphosphate ester of 2-propylheptanol or of alkoxylated 2-propylheptanol and only a small amount (&lt;10%) of the dialkylphosphate ester. Always rather large amounts of inorganic phosphate residues from the polyphosphoric acid, such as orthophosphoric acid, will be present.  
         [1675]     When P 2 O 5  is used as the phosphatising reagent and the molar ratio between P 2 O 5  and alcohol or alkoxylated alcohol is 1:3, the product mixture will contain about equal amounts of monoalkylphosphate ester and dialkylphosphate ester, and only smaller amounts of inorganic phosphate residues. A larger amount of alcohol or alkoxylated alcohol will yield more diester, and a smaller amount will yield more monoester. It will be known to a person skilled in the art how to synthesise phosphate esters with certain amounts of mono- and dialkyl phosphate esters. For a general description of phosphate esters see, e.g.,  Anionic Surfactants  Vol. 7, Part II, pages 504-511 in  Surfactant Science Series,  edited by Warner M. Linfield, Marcel Dekker Inc., New York and Basle 1976. The alcohol alkoxylates to be phosphated may be either of the standard type produced by using an alkaline catalyst such as KOH, or of the narrow range type produced by using a narrow range catalyst, such as an acid catalyst, Ca(OH) 2  or hydrotalcite.  
         [1676]     If necessary, the reaction mixture resulting from either of the procedures can be neutralized by an organic or inorganic base before use. The base may be, e.g., an alkali hydroxide, such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide; ammonia, an alkanolamine, such as monoethanolamine, triethanolamine or methyldiethanolamine; or an alkylamine such as triethylamine.  
         [1677]     The monoalkylphosphate ester of 2-propylheptanol or of ethoxylated 2-propylheptanol has the formula  
                         
 
 where M is H, a monovalent metal ion or R 1 R 2 R 3 R 4 N + , where R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4  are H, an alkyl group with 1-4 carbon atoms or —CH 2 CH 2 OH, and c is a number 0-20, preferably 2-10, more preferably 2-6, even more preferably 2-4, and most preferably 3. The product mixture resulting from the reaction of 2-propylheptanol or of ethoxylated 2-propylheptanol with polyphosphoric acid may also contain smaller amounts of products containing more than one phosphate unit according to the formula  
                         
 
 where n is 1-3 and M and c have the same meaning as above. 
 
         [1678]     For ethoxylates containing smaller amounts of ethyleneoxy units, also a certain amount of unethoxylated product will remain due to the distribution of ethyleneoxy units. This unethoxylated product will also be phosphatised during the reaction with the phosphatising agent, and thus the phosphate ester of 2-propylheptanol will also be present in the reaction mixture resulting from these above-mentioned ethoxylates.  
         [1679]     The dialkylphosphate ester of 2-propylheptanol has the formula  
                         
 
 where M and c have the same meaning as above. The product mixture resulting from the reaction of 2-propylheptanol or ethoxylated 2-propylheptanol with P 2 O 5  may also contain a dialkyl diphosphate ester according to the formula  
                         
 
 where M and c have the same meaning as above. This type of diester may be hydrolysed to yield 2 moles of monoester. 
 
         [1680]     2-Propylheptanol is normally made by a process resulting in small amounts of by-products such as 4-methyl-2-propylhexanol and 5-methyl-2-propylhexanol. These products or their ethoxylates will also be phosphated during the process, and the phosphated species will be comprised in the resulting product mixture.  
         [1681]     The reaction mixtures obtained by the phosphatising procedures are normally used as such without any purification procedure, but both the mixtures and the purified phosphate esters function as hydrotropes. To act as a good hydrotrope, the mixture should predominantly contain the monoalkyl phosphate esters, since these are better hydrotropes than the dialkyl phosphate esters. Preferably more than 60, more preferably more than 70, and most preferably more than 80% by weight of the mixture should be monoalkyl phosphate esters.  
         [1682]     The phosphated 2-propylheptanol or phosphated 2-propylheptanol alkoxylates where the alkoxylate on average comprises 1-20, preferably 2-10, more preferably 2-6, even more preferably 2-4, and most preferably 3, ethyleneoxy units and 0-3, preferably 0-2, propyleneoxy and/or butyleneoxy, preferably propyleneoxy, units described above and a process for their production are already partly disclosed in the earlier mentioned publications EP-A-256427 and CH-A-481953 for use as dispersants for pigments and as additives in an emulsion polymerisation process, respectively. However, the phosphated 2-propylheptanol alkoxylate where the alkoxylate comprises 2-4, preferably 3, ethyleneoxy units on average is especially efficient as a hydrotrope compared to the other phosphated alkoxylates of 2-propylheptanol (see Table 1 in the Examples). Therefore, the invention also relates to the phosphated 2-propylheptanol alkoxylate where the alkoxylate on average comprises 2-4, preferably 3, ethyleneoxy units per se and a process for its production.  
         [1683]     The agricultural formulations of the invention may contain alkali, preferably sodium or potassium hydroxide, and an alkaline complexing agent that may be inorganic as well as organic. Typical examples of inorganic complexing agents used in the alkaline composition are alkali salts of silicates and phosphates such as sodium silicate, sodium metasilicate, sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium orthophosphate, sodium pyrophosphate, and the corresponding potassium salts. Typical examples of organic complexing agents are alkaline aminopolyphosphonates, organic phosphates, polycarboxylates, such as citrates; aminocarboxylates, such as sodium nitrilotriacetate (Na 3 NTA), sodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA), sodium diethylenetriaminepentaacetate, sodium 1,3-propylenediaminetetraacetate, and sodium hydroxyethylethylenediaminetriacetate. The amount of alkali present in the composition depends on the application and on whether the composition is a concentrate or a ready-to-use solution.  
         [1684]     The concentrated compositions of the present invention are stable and in many cases generally clear. The clarity interval is suitably between 0-40° C., preferably between 0-50° C., and most preferably between 0-60° C. This may be adapted by changing the ratio of hydrotrope to nonionic surfactant. The concentrate normally contains 50-95% by weight of water, suitably 70-90% by weight.  
         [1685]     To obtain a ready-to-use solution the concentrates are diluted with water and/or fertilizer solutions up to 1:40. The diluted solutions are also clear and stable, but in some cases they may turn a little bit hazy although they are still stable and do not separate. The ready-to-use solutions exhibit good properties. A typical concentrate formulation contains 3-5% by weight of the adjuvant according to the present invention, while a ready-to-use formulation would normally contain 0.2-1% by weight of same.  
         [1686]     Tank mixes can include multiple pesticides mixed together, targeting multiple pests, while using water as the delivery medium. In that case the adjuvant would help prevent incompatibilities that could occur when mixing different formulation types together, such as emulsifiable concentrates and suspension concentrates.  
         [1687]     Tank mixes can also include pesticide(s) dispersed or emulsified in a fertilizer solution. The adjuvants of the present invention function to facilitate the dispersion or emulsification of the pesticides(s) in the salt solutions by coupling the surfactants into the electrolyte solution.  
         [1688]     The present invention is further illustrated by the following Examples.  
       EXAMPLE 1  
       [1689]     This example relates to a comparison between phosphated 2-propylheptanol+5 EO and phosphated hexanol+5 EO as hydrotropes for 2-propylheptanol+5 EO.  
                                                 TABLE 1                                           Formulation B           Compound   Formulation A   (Comparison)                                        Phosphated 2-PH + 5EO   3.5%               Phosphated       4.9%           hexanol + 5EO           2-PH + 5EO   5.0%   5.0%           Sodium metasilicate   4.0%   4.0%           Tetrapotassium   6.0%   6.0%           pyrophosphate           Water   81.5%   80.1%                      
 
         [1690]     A smaller amount of phosphated 2-propylheptanol+5EO, as compared to phosphated hexanol+5EO, was required to obtain a clarity interval of 0-60° C. The formulations with phosphated 2-propylheptanol+5 EO as a hydrotrope were also much more stable upon dilution.  
       EXAMPLE 2  
       [1691]     This example compares a number of phosphated ethoxylated alcohols with phosphated 2-propylheptanol+5 EO as a hydrotrope for 2-propylheptanol+5 EO.  
                                                     TABLE 3                               2   3   4       Compound   1   (Comparison)   (Comparison)   (Comparison)                                2-PH + 5EO   5.0%   5.0%   5.0%   5.0%       Phosphated 2-   3.5%       PH + 5EO       Phosphated       3.0%       C 9 —C 11 -       alcohol +       5.5EO       Phosphated           3.4%       C 9 —C 11 -       alcohol + 4EO       Phosphated 2-               3.0%       ethylhexanol +       4EO       Sodium   4.0   4.0   4.0   4.0       metasilicate       Tetra-   6.0   6.0   6.0   6.0       potassium       pyrophosphate       Water   81.5   82.0   79.0   82.0                  
 
         [1692]    
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 4 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 Clarity 
                 Appearance after 
                 Appearance after 
                 Appearance after 
                 Appearance after 
                 Soil removal 
               
               
                   
                 interval 
                 dilution 1:5 
                 dilution 1:20 
                 dilution 1:5 
                 dilution 1:20 
                 at 1:20 
               
               
                 Formulation 
                 (° C.) 
                 after 1 day 
                 after 1 day 
                 after 1 week 
                 after 1 week 
                 dilution (%) 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 1 
                 0-70 
                 Clear 
                 Clear 
                 Clear 
                 Hazy but stable 
                 60.0 
               
               
                 2 (Comp.) 
                 0-53 
                 Clear 
                 Clear 
                 Clear 
                 Clear 
                 26.0 
               
               
                 3 (Comp.) 
                 0-60 
                 Clear 
                 Clear 
                 Clear 
                 Clear 
                 44.0 
               
               
                 4 (Comp.) 
                 0-50 
                 Hazy 
                 Hazy 
                 Cloudy 
                 Hazy 
                 54.0 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [1693]     The formulation according to the invention exhibited the best cleaning performance of all the investigated formulations, in combination with a good stability upon dilution.  
       EXAMPLE 3  
       [1694]     In this example the wetting ability of a composition according to the invention was measured by the modified Drave&#39;s test.  
                           TABLE 5                                   Compound   C                           Phosphated 2-PH + 5EO     6%           C 9 -C 11 -alcohol + 4EO   5.0%           Sodium nitrilotriacetate   10.0%                       
 
         [1695]     In the modified Drave&#39;s test, the sinking time in s is measured for a specified cotton yarn in approximately 0.1% surfactant solution. The formulation in the Table 5 was diluted with distilled water to 0.1% by weight with respect to the C 9 -C 11 -alcohol+4 EO, and the modified Drave&#39;s test was performed on this solution. The result is displayed in the Table 6, below.  
                                   TABLE 6                                       Clarity interval       Sinking time           Formulation   (° C.)   pH   (s)                           C   0-45   10.5   5                      
 
         [1696]     The formulation containing the phosphated 2-propylheptanol+5 EO as a hydrotrope for the ethoxylate had a good wetting ability, whereas for the different components alone, the wetting time was &gt;420 s. The C 9 -C 11 -alcohol is not soluble in this alkaline medium without a hydrotrope, and the phosphated 2-propylheptanol+5 EO has no good wetting ability on its own. When the hydrotrope is added, the nonionic surfactant is solubilised, and it is then able to exert its wetting ability.  
       EXAMPLE 4  
       [1697]     In the syntheses described below a 1,000 cm 3  flange flask equipped with an anchor stirrer was used. The reactor was heated by an electrical heater equipped with a thermostat. A slight flow of nitrogen was applied during the reaction. The polyphosphoric acid (PPA) used was Polyphosphoric acid 116, 84% equivalent in P 2 O 5  (Albright &amp; Wilson).  
       1) 2-propylheptanol+PPA  
       [1698]     2-propylheptanol (222.47 g, 1.41 mole) was charged and heated to 45° C. PPA (254.09 g) was added from a 60 ml syringe and the exothermic reaction was kept at 55-70° C. while stirring at 240 r/min. PPA was added during a period of 1 hour. The reaction was then left for 2 h at 60° C. and with stirring at 300 r/min. After the post-reaction water (5.0 g) was added to hydrolyse the remaining PPA, after which the acid was neutralised with KOH (274.4 g) dissolved in 555.0 g water.  
       2) 2-propylheptanol+3 EO+PPA  
       [1699]     2-propylheptanol+3 EO (295.63 g, 1.02 mole) was charged and heated to 45° C. PPA (184.95 g) was added from a 60 ml syringe and the exothermic reaction was kept at 55-70° C. while stirring at 240 r/min. PPA was added during a period of 1 hour. The reaction was then left for 2 h at 60° C. and with stirring at 300 r/min. After the post-reaction water (5.0 g) was added to hydrolyse the remaining PPA, after which the acid was neutralised with KOH (191 g) dissolved in 454 g water.  
       3) 2-propylheptanol+5 EO+PPA  
       [1700]     2-propylheptanol+5 EO (307.71 g, 0.81 mole) was charged and heated to 45° C. PPA (148 g) was added from a 60 ml syringe and the exothermic reaction was kept at 55-70° C. while stirring at 240 r/min. PPA was added during a period of 1 hour. The reaction was then left for 2 h at 60° C. and with stirring at 300 r/min. After the post reaction water (5.0 g) was added to hydrolyse the remaining PPA, after which 374.02 g acid were neutralised with KOH (132.37 g) dissolved in 517 g water.  
       EXAMPLE 5  
       [1701]     Morwet D-425 is a condensed alkyl naphthalene sulfonate dispersant commercially available from Akzo Nobel Surface Chemistry LLC, Chicago, Ill., that has been used as the main dispersant in various pesticide suspension concentrate, wettable powder and water dispersible granule formulations. Frequently, a nonionic surfactant is used as a cosurfactant to increase the wetting and stability of the formulations. Since the solubility of nonionic surfactants is decreased in the salt solution, flocculation will occur when pesticide formulation is mixed with fertilizer during application. This example is aimed to compare the performance of different cosurfactant in Atrazine SC and to verify if the branched hydrophobe improves the compatibility in ammonium nitrate solution.  
         [1702]     Materials  
         [1703]     Atrazine Tech.  
         [1704]     Morwet D-425 (condensed alkyl naphthalene sulfonate, sodium salt)  
         [1705]     Ethylan 1005 phosphate ester (2-propyl heptanol+5EO)  
         [1706]     Emphos PS-131 (iso-tridecanol+6EO, phosphate ester, acid form)  
         [1707]     Emphos PS-236 (linear C10/12 alcohol+5EO, phosphate ester, acid form)  
         [1708]     Witconol SN-70 (linear C10/12 alcohol+5EO)  
         [1709]     Witconol TD-60 (iso-tridecanol+6EO)  
         [1710]     Ethylan 1005 (2-propyl heptanol+5EO)  
         [1711]     Urea-ammonium nitrate  
         [1712]     The Atrazine suspensions were made by first dissolving the Morwet D-425 and wetting agent in the appropriate volume of water. Micronized Atrazine technical was then added to the solution and then dispersed using high shear. All of the suspensions tested were made to contain 480 grams per liter of active ingredient.  
         [1713]     After preparing the Atrazine suspensions with different surfactant systems, the suspensions were diluted into UAN and evaluated based on the degree of flocculation as a function of time.  
         [1714]     Formulations/Results/Observations  
                                                           TABLE 7                           Atrazine formulations with different co surfactants                Atrazine (g)   D-425 (g)   Co surfactant (g)   Water (g)                        1996-17-1   8.4   1.0   0.4   10.2                   (1005 phosphate ester)       1996-17-2   8.4   1.0   0.4 (PS-131   10.2       1996-17-3   8.4   1.0   0.4 (TD-60)   10.2       1996-17-4   8.4   1.0   0.4 (Ethylan 1005)   10.2       1996-17-5   8.4   1.0   0.4 (PS-236)   10.2       1996-17-6   8.4   1.0   0.4 (SN-70)   10.2       1996-18-1   8.4   1.4   0.0   10.2       1996-18-2   8.4   1.0   0.0   10.6       1996-18-3   8.4   0.6   0.0   11.0                  
 
         [1715]     Next, 5 mL of each sample were poured in 95 mL of UAN solutions in 100 mL tubes. The tubes were inverted 10 times and observed for flocculation. After sitting for 1, 2, 4, and 24 hours, the height of clear UAN solution from the bottom of tube was measured. The following results were found:  
                                                           TABLE 8                           Atrazine formulation performance in UAN solution                1 hr (cm)   2 hr (cm)   4 hr (cm)   24 hr (cm)                        1996-17-1   14.0   17.   20.3   24.2       1996-17-2   22.5   23.3   24.4   25.7       1996-17-3   20.5   22.0   23.1   24.9       1996-17-4   19.0   20.0   21.1   22.7       1996-17-5   22.5   23.7   24.6   26.1       1996-17-6   20.0   21.0   22.1   24.4       1996-18-1   0.0   0.0   0.0   3.5       1996-18-2   0.0   0.0   0.4   3.2       1996-18-3   0.0   0.0   0.2   13.4                  
 
 
         
 
         [1716]     As seen above, all the cosurfactants decreased the SC compatibility in UAN solution because the salt precipitated the cosurfactant from the system. However, Ethylan 1005 phosphate ester (contained in sample 1996-17-1) did perform much better compared to other cosurfactants in the relatively short time period (up to 4 hr).  
         [1717]     The difference in the results among formulations was significant enough to indicate that different hydrophobe lengths and branches can play an important role for compatibility issue.  
         [1718]     Based on the data generated in this study, Ethylan 1005 phosphate ester showed the potential to improve the SC compatibility with UAN solution.