Abstract:
A non-corrosive, liquid, aqueous sterilant composition (as a concentrate or ready-to-use solution), which may be provided in two parts which are mixed prior to application, may comprise a peracid (in an equilibrium solution with an underlying carboxylic acid or mixtures of alkyl carboxylic acids and peroxide), inorganic buffering agent, and water. It has been found that the use of this simplified system, even in the absence of additional components which have been thought to be desirable for sterilants used on metal parts (e.g., copper and brass corrosion inhibitors, chelating agents, anti-corrosive agents) display excellent performance and that these additional components are not necessary, and that the presence of these additional materials at least complicates disposal of the spent solutions and could complicate compatibility of the sterilant solutions with some polymeric materials, especially where organic materials are used as the additional components, which organic materials may interact with, dissolve or solubilize in the polymeric materials.

Description:
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional application No. 60/109,565, filed Nov. 23, 1998. 
    
    
     NON-CORROSIVE STERILANT COMPOSITION 
     The present invention relates to compositions which can be used to safely and effectively disinfect surfaces and articles against microbiological forms. The compositions are easily handled, tend to be non-corrosive to the types of polymeric, elastomeric and metal surfaces found in medical instruments, are relatively shelf-stable, and may be prepared quickly and easily by simply blending component solutions. 
     The importance of the sterilization of medical instruments and implants has been understood for more than two centuries. The need for sterilization has become even more important recently with the appearance of strains of microbiological forms which are resistant to conventional microbiocides such as antibiotics. It has become very important to sterilize medical devices to kill or remove the more resistant strains of microbiological forms before they infect a patient. Additionally, the sterilants must be generally effective against microorganisms covering a wide range of classes and species, with U.S. Government standards requiring efficacy against both bacteria and spores. 
     Sterilization of medical devices has been performed for many years by immersing the medical devices in an atmosphere which is antagonistic to the survival of the microbiological forms. Among the environments which have been used to attempt to sterilize medical instruments include, but is not limited to, steam, alcohols, ethylene oxide, formaldehyde, gluteraldehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and peracids. Each of these materials has its benefits and limitations. Ethylene oxide tends to be very effective against a wide range of microorganisms, but it is highly flammable and is generally used in a gas phase which may require more stringent environmental restraints than would a liquid. Alcohols are similarly flammable and must be used in very high concentrations. Steam has a more limited utility, having to be used in a controlled and enclosed environment, requiring the use of large amounts of energy to vaporize the water, and requiring prolonged exposure periods to assure extended high temperature contact of the steam with the organisms. Hydrogen peroxide has limited applicability because it is unstable and not as strong as some other sterilants. The peracids have become more favorably looked upon, but they tend to be corrosive (being an oxidizing acid) and are not shelf stable. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 5,508,046 describes a stable, anticorrosive peracetic acid/peroxide sterilant comprising a concentrate including peracetic acid, acetic acid, hydrogen peroxide (in a ratio of 1:1 to 11:1 total acid/hydroxide), and 0.001 to 200 parts per million of stabilizers such as phosphonic acids and sodium pyrophosphates. The concentrates are diluted about 20 to 40 times so that the maximum concentration of stabilizer in the use solution would be about 10 parts per million. The stabilizers are described as acting as chelating agents by removing trace metals which accelerate the decomposition of the peroxides. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 5,616,616 describes a room temperature sterilant particularly useful with hard tap water comprising an ester of formic acid, an oxidizer (such as hydrogen peroxide or urea hydrogen peroxide), perfonuic acid and water. The use of corrosion inhibitors (such as benzotriazoles, azimidobenzene, and benzene amide) and stabilizers (unnamed) is also generally suggested. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 5,077,008 describes a method of removing microbial contamination and a solution for use with that method. The solution comprises a combination of five ingredients in water: 1) a strong oxidant (including, for example, organic peroxides, peracids, an chloride releasing compounds, with peracetic acid in a concentration of 0.005 to 1.0% being preferred), 2) a copper and brass corrosion inhibitor (e.g., triazoles, azoles and benzoates), 3) a buffering agent (including, for example, phosphate), 4) at least one anti-corrosive agent which inhibits corrosion in at least aluminum, carbon steel and stainless steel selected from the group consisting of chromates and dichromates, borates, phosphates, molybdates, vanadates and tungstates, and 5) a wetting agent. A sequestering agent may be used to prevent the phosphates from causing precipitation in hard water. 
     U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,892,706 and 4,731,22 describe automated liquid sterilization systems having a plurality of modules which store the sterilant solution and the rinse solution. U.S. Pat. No. 5.037,623 describes a sterilant concentrate injection system which is a spill resistant, vented ampule system for use with sterilization systems. 
     Medical devices now include many polymeric components for reasons of material costs and ease of manufacture. Many of the systems and solutions designed for the sterilization of metal medical devices are not necessarily suitable for use with polymeric components, and may cause corrosion of the polymeric materials. It is therefore necessary to formulate sterilization compositions which are compatible with both metal and polymeric components of the medical devices. It is also always desirable to provide sterilization systems with fewer components in the composition, where the sterilization solutions do not significantly sacrifice microbiocidal activity and do not corrode the materials used in medical devices. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 is a graph showing the reduction of  B. cereus  spores at 40° C. 
     FIG. 2 is a graph showing the reduction of  B. cereus  spores at 60° C. 
     FIG. 3 is a graph showing the reduction of  B. cereus  spores at 40° C. 
    
    
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     A non-corrosive, liquid, aqueous sterilant composition (as a concentrate or ready-to-use solution), which may be provided in two parts which are mixed prior to application, may comprise a peracid (in an equilibrium solution with an underlying carboxylic acid or mixtures of alkyl carboxylic acids and peroxide), inorganic buffering agent, and water. It has been found that the use of this simplified system provides excellent sterilization ability, even in the absence of additional components which have been thought to be desirable for sterilants used on metal parts (e.g., copper and brass corrosion inhibitors, chelating agents, anti-corrosive agents) which have been found to not be necessary. The presence of these additional materials at least complicates disposal of the spent solutions and could complicate compatibility of the sterilant solutions with some polymeric materials, especially where organic materials are used as the additional components, which organic materials may interact with, dissolve or solubilize in the polymeric materials. 
     The concentration of the components has shown itself to be important in providing non-corrosive effects towards a wide variety of structural materials in medical devices and yet providing effective sterilization effects against spores and bacteria, including tuberculosis bacteria in an acceptable amount of time. 
     An aqueous sterilant use solution according to the present invention may comprise a solution having a pH of from 5.0 to 7.0 comprising from 100 to 10,000 parts per million of a peroxy acid and 30 to 5000 parts per million of buffering agent, preferably without any organic anticorrosive agents. The aqueous sterilant solution may, for example, comprise from 100 to 10,000 parts per million of a peroxy acid, 30 to 5000 parts per million of buffering agent and a catalytically effective amount of a catalyst for peroxygenation of a carboxylic acid by hydrogen peroxide. 
     The aqueous sterilant solution may consist essentially of a solution having a pH of from 5.0 to 7.0 comprising from 100 to 10,000 parts per million of a peroxy acid, 30 to 5000 parts per million of buffering agent and a catalytically effective amount of a catalyst for peroxygenation of a carboxylic acid by hydrogen peroxide. 
     The method may particularly comprise mixing a first and a second solution to form a sterilizing solution comprising a peroxy acid, said first solution comprising a carboxylic acid, hydrogen peroxide and water, and said second solution comprising a buffering agent for pH between about 5 and 7, said sterilizing solution comprising at least 100 parts per million of peroxy acid at a pH of 5 to 7, immersing said article in said sterilizing solution for at least 5 minutes to sterilize said article, said first solution and second solution being free of organic anti-corrosion agents for brass and/or copper, and said article comprising a medical article having parts made of at least two materials selected from the group consisting of metals, polymers and rubbers. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     The aqueous sterilant compositions of the present invention comprise a peracid, water-soluble peroxide source, and carboxylic acid in a buffered solution at pH levels between about 5.0 and 7.0. The use of an inorganic buffering agent also enables the use of slightly water-soluble, higher molecular weight carboxylic acids in the formation of peroxy acids with the peroxide source thereby reducing the amount of deposits from fatty acid residue in the solution. Phosphate buffers are effective dispersants and suspending agents for these fatty acid residues. 
     The peroxy acid useful in the practice of the present invention may comprise any organic peroxy acid. These acids are well known in the art to be formed from any carboxylic acid containing compound. Normally they are prepared from carboxylic acids of the formula: 
     
       
         CH 3 —(CH 2 )n—COOH 
       
     
     wherein n is 0 to 18, preferably 0 to 12 and more preferably 0 to 10, with the corresponding peroxy acid having the formula: 
     
       
         CH 3 —(CH 2 )n—CO 3 H 
       
     
     wherein n is as defined above. The alkyl moiety on the acid, CH 3 —(CH 2 )n— may be replaced with hydrogen or any, preferably low molecular weight, organic group so that the acid and the resulting peroxy acid may be represented by: R—CO 2 H and R—CO 3 H, respectively. The molecular weight of R could be 1, but preferably&#39;should be between 15 and 155. 
     Carboxylic acids which are generally useful in the invenetion are those which comprise percarboxylic acids. Percarboxylic acids generally have the formula R(Co 3 H n ), where R is an alkyl, arylaklyl, cycloalkyl, aromatic or heterocyclic group, and N is 1, 2, or 3 and named by prefixing the parent acid with peroxy. 
     The peracid normally exists in an equilibrium state with the original or fundamental acid and the peroxide source, usually hydrogen peroxide. Typical peracids include peracids of C 1  to C 12  carboxylic acids such as formic acid, acetic acid, propanoic acid, butanoic acid, pentanoic acid, hexanoic acid, heptanoic acid, octanoic acid, nonanoic acid, decanoic acid, undecanoic acid, dodecanoic acid, and the like. The term carboxylic acids as used in the practice of the present invention, unless otherwise limited, also includes mono- and di-hydroxycarboxylic acids such as glycolic acid, lactic acid and citric acid. An example of di-hydroxycarboxylic acid or di-hydroxy is tartaric acid, and also fumaric acid, which is an unsaturated di-hydroxycarboxylic acid. Diacids such as alpha-omega-dicarboxylicpropanoic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, and the like may also be used to form di-peracids. Peroxycarboxylic acids may also be present and included within the solutions of the present invention. Mixtures and combinations of the peracids may also be used in the systems of the invention, as well as other addenda as generally described herein. 
     The peroxide source is preferably an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide, but may also include such alternative peroxide sources as solutions of sodium peroxide, calcium peroxide, alkali salts of percarbonate and persulfate, and even organic peroxides such as dicumyl peroxide, dialkyl peroxides, urea peroxide, and the like, forming the basis of the solution of the hydrogen peroxide. The inorganic peroxides are preferred as the source of the solution of the hydrogen peroxide. The ratio of the peroxy acid to the hydrogen peroxide can also significantly influence the efficacy of the solutions of the invention, with higher ratios of the peroxy acid to the hydrogen peroxide preferred. For example, its is more desirable to have a ratio of at least 2:1 or 3:1 (peroxy acid to hydrogen peroxide), and more desirable to have higher ratios of at least 4:1, at least 5:1 or at least 8:1 or more (peroxy acid to hydrogen peroxide). 
     The buffering agent is a compound, again preferably an inorganic compound which will maintain a buffered pH level in the solution of the composition between 5.0 and 7.0. Buffering agents include, but are not limited to phosphates, borates, lactates, acetates, citrates, vanadates, tungstates, and combinations thereof, particularly alkali metal or alkaline metal salts of these agents. The use of phosphates exclusively or at least primarily (e.g., at least 50%, at least 65%, at least 75%, or at least 90 or 95% by weight of the buffering agents) is particularly useful. Trisodium phosphate has been found to be particularly desirable because of its ability to maintain the acid residues of the peroxy acids in solution where they will not form film in the solution which can be picked up by any sterilization apparatus or medical device which is being sterilized. It is interesting to note that phosphates have been generally taught to be avoided in sterilization solutions where hard water may be contacted because of the potential for calcium precipitation, yet in the present invention, the presence of phosphates reduces the formation of organic residue film on the surface of the solution. The buffering agent alone, even when a phosphate or especially when a phosphate and particularly trisodium phosphate, has been found to reduce corrosion by the solution on all surfaces. The use of phosphate(s) alone, in the absence of copper and brass corrosion inhibitors has been found to be an effective sterilant, and provide non-corrosive activity against a wide range of structural materials, including, but not limited to rubbers, plastics and metals, such as stainless steel, aluminum, polypropylene, teflon, acrylonitrile/styrene/butadiene, polyolefins, vinyl resins (e.g., polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylbutyral), silicone resins and rubbers, and polyurethanes, and provide second tier protection for brass and copper. Although the peracids work more efficiently in their microbiocidal activity at highly acidic pH levels (below 4.0), those acidic levels are much more corrosive. The use of a buffering system which maintains the pH above 5.0 and preferably between about 5.0 and 7.0 still provides a microbiocidal activity at levels which meet all international standards, using anywhere from 150 to 10,000 parts per million peracid. 
     The sterilant can be used as a manual system or be used in an automated system. The sterilant can be provided as a one-part or preferably two part concentrate, with the peracid in one solution and the buffer in the second solution. For example, in a two-part system, a peracid concentrate may be formed having 0.01% to 1% by weight peracid (e.g., peracetic acid), 0.003% to 1% by weight ppm hydrogen peroxide, 0.01% to 1% by weight acid (e.g., acetic acid), and the buffer solution may comprise, for example, from 0.5 to 75,000 ppm buffering agent (e.g., anhydrous trisodium phosphate) in water. Mixtures of these types of addenda, including the buffering agents and peracids, are clearly useful in the practice of the present invention. It is preferred that the concentrates have active ingredient contents at the higher levels of these ranges such as 0.1% to 15% by weight peracid, 5% to 80% by weight peroxide, 5% to 80% by weight acid and 0.1% to 15% by weight buffering agents. The diluted to use solution would preferably contain sufficient actives to provide 0.01% to 1.0% by weight peracid at a pH between about 5.0 and 7.0. The use solution need not contain any effective amount of many of the additives which prior art systems have required for non-corrosive effects (such as the organic anti-corrosive agents such as the triazines, benzotriazoles, azoles and benzoates), and yet provide a wider disclosed range of non-corrosivity against the many available surfaces of medical devices. The use solutions of the present invention may comprise a simplest solution comprising peracid (along with the acid and peroxide in equilibrium), buffering agent in an amount to provide a pH of from about 5.0 to 7.0, and water (preferably deionized water). This solution may be modified by the addition of individual agents such as chelating agents, surfactants (also referred to in the literature for sterilant compositions as wetting agents), and anti-corrosion agents. A typical concentrate solution which may be diluted to a use solution might comprise, 0.1% to 15% by weight peracid, 0.1% to 15% by weight buffering agent[, with the remainder as water and other addenda as generally described herein (e.g., from 99.6 to 78% by weight water). These and other aspects of the invention will be further described by reference to the following, non-limiting examples. 
     These data show that a preferred range for the concentration of peroxide in the solution (particularly as evidenced by hydrogen peroxide) less than 150 ppm, preferably less than 100 up to 80,000 ppm, still more preferably less than 100, less than 75 and less than 50 ppm. In the examples, POAA represents peroxyacetic acid, AA represents acetic acid, POOA represents peroxyoctanoic acid, and Oct. Acid represents octanoic acid. Dequest™ are commercially available materials which may be used in the solutions of the present invention. Dequest™ 2000 comprises aminotri(methylene-phosphonic acid), Dequest™ 2010 comprises 1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid, and Dequest™ 2006 comprises aminotri(methylene-phosphonic acid)pentasodium salt. Dequest acts as a chelator for heavy metals. The data also shows that sporicidal activity of compositions with higher molecular weight peracids increase with higher proportions of the peracid as compared to the acid. 
     The presence of a catalyst for the formation of the peracid in the sterilization compositions of the present invention also is a novel aspect of the present invention which could act to maintain the level of peracid in the solution during use. 
     Corrosion Example I 
     Experimental 
     In the following comparison example, a formulation according to the present invention comprising 2.69 weight percent of a 13% solution of peracetic acid made by combining 78% glacial acetic acid, 21% hydrogen peroxide (35% by weight in water), and 1% hydroxyethylenediamine phosphonate was compared to a commercial sterilization formulation (CSF) comprising a mixture of sodium perborate and tetraacetyl ethylenediamine with a buffer to provide a use solution of pH 8, with its necessary sterilization activator. The CSF composition (referred to as Powder PAA) comprises a powder source of peracetic acid (with a solid peroxide source) without a buffering agent, and was compared to a liquid solution of peracetic acid (PAA) made according to the present invention (referred to as Liquid PAA) by admixture of acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide solution with 1% by weight of hydroxyethylenediamine phosphonate catalyst to form the solution of peracetic acid (with the equilibrium amounts of acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide) at a pH of 6.0 provided by 3.0% by weight trisodium phosphate. This commercial CSF product requires mixing of a dry powder, with a delay required for the activator TAED (tetra acetyl ethylene diamine) by reaction with sodium perborate to generate peracetic acid and microbiocidal activity in the components. 
     Test Parameters 
     The test was performed on pieces of an Olympus flexible endoscopes using a washer/disinfector to reduce manual variables. The test parameters were room temperature conditions, with the following immersion times: 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Sample 
                 Cycles 
                 Immersion Time 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Liquid PAA 
                 1 
                 10 minutes 
               
               
                   
                 Powder PAA 
                 1 
                 15 minutes 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Sample 
                 Application Time 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Liquid PAA 
                 24 hours 
               
               
                   
                 Powder PAA 
                 8 hours 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     The test was performed by completely immersing separate test pieces S1 to S7 and W1 to W28 in each of the solutions. 
     Test Pieces 
     
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Item 
                 Parts 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 S1-S7 
                 Parts of endoscope 
               
               
                   
                 S8 and S9 
                 Insertion tube 
               
               
                   
                 S10 
                 Light guide tube 
               
               
                   
                 W1-W28 
                 Parats of washer/disinfector 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
               
                 Sample 
                   
                 Surface 
                   
               
               
                 No. 
                 Material (base) 
                 Control 
                 Place of the Parts 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 S1 
                 A5056BD-H32 Resin 
                 black 
                 connector to LS 
               
               
                   
                   
                 painting 
               
               
                 S2 
                 Polysulfone 
                 black 
                 main body 
               
               
                   
                   
                 painting 
               
               
                 S3 
                 SUS304 Resin 
                 El. black 
                 outside (hidden) 
               
               
                   
                   
                 coating 
               
               
                 S4 
                 Silicone Rubber 
                 — 
                 outside 
               
               
                 S5 
                 Polybutadiene PB-60 
                 — 
                 outside 
               
               
                 S6 
                 Mod. PPO 
                 black 
                 main body 
               
               
                   
                 Polyphenyleneoxide 
                 painting 
               
               
                 S7 
                 A5056BD-H32 Resin 
                 black 
                 eyepiece 
               
               
                   
                   
                 alumite 
               
               
                 S 
                 Polyurethane 
                 primary 
                 insertion tube 
               
               
                   
                   
                 coat Z 
               
               
                 S 
                 Polyurethane 
                 primary 
                 insertion tube 
               
               
                   
                   
                 coat V 
               
               
                 S 
                 Polyurethane 
                   
                 light guide cable 
               
               
                 W1 
                 Stainless Steel 
                   
                 inner pipe system 
               
               
                 W2 
                 Stainless Steel 
                   
                 inner pipe system 
               
               
                 W3 
                 epoxy resin + coating 
                   
                 heating panel 
               
               
                 W4 
                 Polyethylene 
                   
                 basin 
               
               
                 W5 
                 Polypropylene 
                   
                 basin 
               
               
                 W6 
                 Polyacetate 
                   
                 connector 
               
               
                 W7 
                 Polysulfone 
                   
                 part of top cover 
               
               
                 W8 
                 Silicone Rubber 
                   
                 sealing 
               
               
                 W9 
                 Polyvinyl chloride 
                   
                 inner pipe system 
               
               
                 W10 
                 Polyvinyl chloride (hard) 
                   
                 inner pipe system 
               
               
                 W11 
                 Acrylic polymer 
                   
                 parts in the basin 
               
               
                 W12 
                 Ethylene/propylene 
                   
                 inner pipe system 
               
               
                 W13 
                 Ethylene/propylene rubber 
                   
                 inner pipe system 
               
               
                 W14 
                 Acrylate modified 
                   
                 top cover 
               
               
                   
                 PolyVinylChloride 
               
               
                 W15 
                 Butyl-nitrile rubber + 
                   
                 parts in the basin 
               
               
                   
                 Phenol 
               
               
                 W16 
                 Teflon 
                   
                 name plate in basin 
               
               
                 W17 
                 Butyl-nitrile rubber 
                   
                 sealing 
               
               
                 W18 
                 Polyurethane 
                   
                 ?  
               
               
                 W19 
                 Acrylonitrile/butadiene/ 
                   
                 top cover 
               
               
                   
                 styrene 
               
               
                 W20 
                 modified PPO 
                   
                 top cover 
               
               
                 W21 
                 Butyl rubber 
                   
                 sealing 
               
               
                 W22 
                 fluorinated rubber 
                   
                 sealing 
               
               
                 W23 
                 alumina ceramic 
                   
                 parts of pump system 
               
               
                 W24 
                 Teflon 
                   
                 parts of pump system 
               
               
                 W24 
                 Teflon rubber 
                   
                 parts of pump system 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Conclusion 
     The samples were carefully inspected to evaluate the cosmetic effects (corrosion effects) on the various pieces. The first examination (Item 1) was for parts of the endoscope. The second examination (Item 2) was for the insertion tube. The third examination (Item 3) was for the light guide tube. The fourth examination (Item 4) was for the washer/disinfector. The samples performed substantially identically, with both solutions showing only a slight cosmetic change in painted black surface of the endoscope (S3 surface). No functional or cosmetic changes were noted on any other sample. The simplicity of use for the Liquid PAA system was very noteworthy, with no delay in mixing or reaction time. The solutions could be directly added into an automated system while the CSF Powder PAA system would have required premixing and activation time before it could have been used in an automatic system. 
     Corrosion Example II 
     Experimental 
     A corrosion study was performed to evaluate peracid containing formulas with and without buffer addition upon selected metals, plastics and rubbers. 
     Testing was conducted with two peracid formulation of 500 ppm (parts per million) peracetic acid (A) and 5000 ppm peracetic acid (B) concentration with buffer; and, two identical formulas (C and D respectively) with exception of no buffer addtion admixture. 
     Coupons were completely immersed in 200 mls of defined test solution contained in covered 8 ounce glass jars maintained at 50° C. within an environmental chamber. Solutions were changed daily. Study was conducted over a 14 day time period. For each test material, a control was also run which is a coupon of stated material placed within a covered 8 ounce glass jar having no test solution. 
     Coupons were pretreated before the corrosion study began, and postreated before final comparitive measurements and visual observations were performed. Metal coupons were precleaned according to ASTM Vol. 3.02, G31-72 and 3.02, G1-90 protocol and post-treated accordingly prior to final measurement. Test conditions were modified from the ASTM protocol as explained in above paragraph. Plastic and rubber coupons were only rinsed with deionized water and air dried prior to corrosion study; and, similarly treated prior to final measurement and visual observation. 
     Conclusion 
     Addition of buffer admixture to peracetic acid composition test solutions significantly improves metals protection. The effect is less noticeable on test plastics; but, protection is provided selected test rubbers. 
     PART IA: FORMULA—PERACID COMPONENT 
     HIGH POAA—LOW H202 PEPACID FORMULA KX-6091 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 GM/ 
               
               
                 ITEM 
                 RAW MATERIAL 
                 WT % 
                 10000 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 10 
                 Acetic Acid 
                 78.00 
                 7800.00 
               
               
                 20 
                 Hydrogen Peroxide 35% 
                 21.00 
                 2100.00 
               
               
                 30 
                 Dequest ™ 2010 (60%) 
                 1.00 
                 100.00 
               
               
                   
                 Total 
                 100.00 
                 10000.00 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Mixing Instructions: 
     Batch was prepared by direct weighing on Mettler PM 16 Top Loading Balance into a 5 gal HMW/HDPE (high molecular weight/high density polypropylene) pail. The batch was mixed for 65 minutes using a lab mixer equipped with a plastic coated stir rod and blade. 
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
               
                 PART IB: FORMULA - ADMIXTURE OF IA 
               
               
                 AND BUFFER COMPONENT 
               
               
                 FORMULAS A, B, C, D 
               
               
                 CORROSION STUDY USE DILUTIONS 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 (A) 
                 (B) 
                 (C) 
                 (D) 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                   
                   
                 GM/ 
                   
                 GM/ 
                   
                 GM/ 
                   
                 GM/ 
               
               
                 ITEM 
                 Material 
                 WT % 
                 4500 
                 WT % 
                 4500 
                 WT % 
                 4500 
                 WT % 
                 4500 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 10 
                 Deionized 
                 99.10556 
                 4459.75 
                 90.66311 
                 4079.84 
                 99.55756 
                 4480.09 
                 95.57511 
                 4300.88 
               
               
                   
                 Water 
               
               
                 20 
                 Trisodium 
                 0.45200 
                 20.41 
                 4.91200 
                 221.04 
               
               
                   
                 Phosphate 
               
               
                   
                 Anhyd. 
               
               
                   
                 Gran. 
               
               
                 30 
                 KX-6091 
                 0.44244 
                 19.91 
                 4.42489 
                 199.12 
                 0.44244 
                 19.91 
                 4.42489 
                 199.12 
               
               
                   
                 (11.3% 
               
               
                   
                 POAA) 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Total 
                 100.00000 
                 4500.07 
                 100.00000 
                 4500.00 
                 100.00000 
                 4500.00 
                 100.00000 
                 4500.00 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 THEORETICAL 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 VALUES 
                 ppm 
                 pH 
                 ppm 
                 pH 
                 ppm 
                 pH 
                 ppm 
                 pH 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 POAA 
                 500 
                 6.00 
                 5000 
                 6.00 
                 500 
                 3.00 
                 5000 
                 2.50 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 INSTRUCTIONS  
               
               
                 Add Trisodium Phosphate Anhydrous Granules (item 20) by wt. to weighed amount of DI water and stir with Lab mixer until dissolved. Add (item 30) by wt. to buffered water and final mix 2 min.  
               
               
                 RESULTS:  
               
               
                 (A) - pH = 6.02  
               
               
                 (B) - pH = 5.99  
               
               
                 (C) - pH = 2.96  
               
               
                 (D) - pH = 2.35  
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
               
                 PART II: CORROSION - METALS 
               
               
                 14 day Compatibility Test of 15 different materials tested against four different Test 
               
               
                 Solutions at 50° C. with the test solutions are changed daily. 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                   
                 Material 
                 Initial Wt. 
                 Final Wt. 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Test item 
                 Test Solution 
                 METALS 
                 (gms) 
                 (gms) 
                 TWL 
                 CWL 
                 AWL 
                 mpy 
               
               
                   
               
               
                  1 
                 (A) 500 ppm POAA/Buffered 
                 316 SS 
                 23.5792 
                 23.5791 
                 0.0001 
                 0.0001 
                 0.0000 
                 0.0000 
               
               
                  5 
                 (B) 5000 ppm POAA/Buffered 
                 316 SS 
                 23.5194 
                 23.5193 
                 0.0001 
                 0.0001 
                 0.0000 
                 0.0000 
               
               
                  9 
                 (C) 500 ppm POAA only 
                 316 SS 
                 23.5764 
                 23.5762 
                 0.0002 
                 0.0001 
                 0.0000 
                 0.0031 
               
               
                 13 
                 (D) 5000 ppm POAA only 
                 316 SS 
                 23.5690 
                 23.5689 
                 0.0001 
                 0.0001 
                 0.0000 
                 0.0000 
               
               
                 17 
                 CONTROL 
                 316 SS 
                 23.5846 
                 23.5845 
                 0.0001 
                 0.0001 
               
               
                  2 
                 (A) 500 ppm POAA/Buffered 
                 304 SS 
                 17.9651 
                 17.9650 
                 0.0001 
                 0.0000 
                 0.0001 
                 0.0031 
               
               
                  6 
                 (B) 5000 ppm POAA/Buffered 
                 304 SS 
                 17.9326 
                 17.9323 
                 0.0003 
                 0.0000 
                 0.0030 
                 0.0938 
               
               
                 10 
                 (C) 500 ppm POAA only 
                 304 SS 
                 17.9795 
                 17.9793 
                 0.0002 
                 0.0000 
                 0.0002 
                 0.0063 
               
               
                 14 
                 (D) 5000 ppm POAA only 
                 304 SS 
                 17.9993 
                 17.9992 
                 0.0001 
                 0.0000 
                 0.0001 
                 0.0031 
               
               
                 18 
                 CONTROL 
                 304 SS 
                 18.1102 
                 18.1102 
                 0.0000 
                 0.0000 
               
               
                  3 
                 (A) 500 ppm POAA/Buffered 
                 7075 
                 12.8716 
                 12.8685 
                 0.0031 
                 0.0002 
                 0.0029 
                 0.2412 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Aluminum 
               
               
                  7 
                 (B) 5000 ppm POAA/Buffered 
                 7075 
                 12.7575 
                 12.7336 
                 0.0239 
                 0.0002 
                 0.0237 
                 1.9712 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Aluminum 
               
               
                 11 
                 (C) 500 ppm POAA only 
                 7075 
                 12.8651 
                 12.8392 
                 0.0259 
                 0.0002 
                 0.0257 
                 2.1376 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Aluminum 
               
               
                 15 
                 (D) 5000 ppm POAA only 
                 7075 
                 12.8718 
                 12.7439 
                 0.1279 
                 0.0002 
                 0.1277 
                 10.6213 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Aluminum 
               
               
                 19 
                 CONTROL 
                 7075 
                 12.4899 
                 12.4897 
                 0.0002 
                 0.0002 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Aluminum 
               
               
                  4 
                 (A) 500 ppm POAA/Buffered 
                 260 Brass 
                 26.4108 
                 26.3763 
                 0.0345 
                 0.0004 
                 0.0341 
                 0.9779 
               
               
                  8 
                 (B) 5000 ppm POAA/Buffered 
                 260 Brass 
                 26.4211 
                 26.3307 
                 0.0904 
                 0.0004 
                 0.0900 
                 2.5809 
               
               
                 12 
                 (C) 500 ppm POAA only 
                 260 Brass 
                 26.6471 
                 25.6695 
                 0.9776 
                 0.0004 
                 0.9772 
                 28.0233 
               
               
                 16 
                 (D) 5000 ppm POAA only 
                 260 Brass 
                 26.4949 
                 18.9759 
                 7.5190 
                 0.0004 
                 7.5186 
                 215.6118 
               
               
                 20 
                 CONTROL 
                 260 Brass 
                 26.4352 
                 26.4348 
                 0.0004 
                 0.0004 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Test 
                   
                 Material 
                   
               
               
                 item 
                 Test Solution 
                 METALS 
                 Visual Observations 
               
               
                   
               
               
                  1 
                 (A) 500 ppm POAA/Buffered 
                 316 SS 
                 Smooth, shiny silver colored material like control 
               
               
                  5 
                 (B) 5000 ppm POAA/Buffered 
                 316 SS 
                 Smooth, shiny silver colored material like control 
               
               
                  9 
                 (C) 500 ppm POAA only 
                 31 6 SS 
                 Smooth, shiny silver colored material like control 
               
               
                 13 
                 (D) 5000 ppm POAA only 
                 316 SS 
                 Smooth, shiny silver colored material like control 
               
               
                 17 
                 CONTROL 
                 316 SS 
                 Smooth, shiny silver colored material 
               
               
                  2 
                 (A) 500 ppm POAA/Buffered 
                 304 SS 
                 Smooth, shiny silver colored material like control 
               
               
                  6 
                 (B) 5000 ppm POAA/Buffered 
                 304 SS 
                 Smooth, shiny silver colored material like control 
               
               
                 10 
                 (C) 500 ppm POAA only 
                 304 SS 
                 Smooth, shiny silver colored material like control 
               
               
                 14 
                 (D)5000 ppm POAA only 
                 304 SS 
                 Smooth, shiny silver colored material like control 
               
               
                 18 
                 CONTROL 
                 304 SS 
                 Smooth, shiny silver colored material 
               
               
                  3 
                 (A) 500 ppm POAA/Buffered 
                 7075 Aluminum 
                 A slt. duller, slt. whiter than control, silver material 
               
               
                  7 
                 (B) 5000 ppm POAA/Buffered 
                 7075 Aluminum 
                 A very dull, smokey brown colored material 
               
               
                 11 
                 (C) 500 ppm POAA only 
                 7075 Aluminum 
                 A dull, whitish gray colored material 
               
               
                 15 
                 (D) 5000 ppm POAA only 
                 7075 Aluminum 
                 A very dull, very whitish gray colored material 
               
               
                 19 
                 CONTROL 
                 7075 Aluminum 
                 A slt. dull, silver colored material 
               
               
                  4 
                 (A) 500 ppm POAA/Buffered 
                 260 Brass 
                 A mixture of dull gold &amp; pink area colored material 
               
               
                  8 
                 (B) 5000 ppm POAA/Buffered 
                 260 Brass 
                 A dull, gold colored material with patches of pink 
               
               
                 12 
                 (C) 500 ppm POAA only 
                 260 Brass 
                 A darker dull gold colored material with pink areas 
               
               
                 16 
                 (D) 5000 ppm POAA only 
                 260 Brass 
                 A sparkling grainy gold colored material 
               
               
                 20 
                 CONTROL 
                 260 Brass 
                 A smooth, shiny, gold colored material 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
               
                 KX-6091 CORROSION STUDY 
               
               
                 CALCULATION DATA 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 DENSITY 
                 AREA in inches squared 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 4 Metals 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 316 Stainless Steel 
                 7.98 
                 6.5 
               
               
                   
                 304 Stainless Steel; 
                 7.94 
                 6.4 
               
               
                   
                 7075 Aluminum 
                 2.81 
                 6.8 
               
               
                   
                 260 Brass 
                 8.5 
                 6.52 
               
               
                   
                 Time &amp; Temp Tested 
               
               
                   
                 14 days at 50° C. 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 mpy = (534,000 * AWL)/(A * T * D)  
               
               
                   
                 (A) = Area (see above)  
               
               
                   
                 (T) = Time (336 hrs)  
               
               
                   
                 (D) = Density (see above)  
               
               
                   
                 AWL = TWL − CWL  
               
               
                   
                 TWL = Pre-testing weight − Post-testing weight  
               
               
                   
                 CWL = Pre-testing weight of control − Post-testing weight of control  
               
               
                   
                 mpy = mils per year  
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
               
                 PART III: CORROSION - PLASTICS 
               
               
                 Analytical - Observations 
               
               
                 KX-6091 CORROSION STUDY 
               
               
                 14 day Compatibility Test of 15 different materials tested against four different Test 
               
               
                 Solutions at 50° C. with the test solutions are changed daily. 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Initial 
                 Initial 
                   
                   
               
               
                 Test 
                   
                 Material 
                 Initial Wt. 
                 Initial Ht. 
                 Width 
                 Thick 
                 Final Wt. 
                 % Weight 
               
               
                 item 
                 Test Solution 
                 PLASTICS 
                 (gms) 
                 (inches) 
                 (Inches) 
                 (inches) 
                 (gms) 
                 Change 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 21 
                 (A) 500 ppm 
                 Polyurethane 
                 3.8348 
                 2.996 
                 0.506 
                 0.128 
                 3.8360 
                 0.0313 
               
               
                   
                 POAA/Buffered 
               
               
                 27 
                 (B) 5000 ppm 
                 Polyurethane 
                 3.8379 
                 2.996 
                 0.502 
                 0.129 
                 3.8385 
                 0.0156 
               
               
                   
                 POAA/Buffered 
               
               
                 33 
                 (C) 5000 ppm POAA 
                 Polyurethane 
                 3.8385 
                 2.999 
                 0.505 
                 0.128 
                 3.8418 
                 0.0860 
               
               
                   
                 only 
               
               
                 39 
                 (D) 5000 ppm 
                 Polyurethane 
                 3.8151 
                 2.995 
                 0.504 
                 0.127 
                 3.7411 
                 −1.9397 
               
               
                   
                 POAA only 
               
               
                 45 
                 CONTROL 
                 Polyurethane 
                 3.8286 
                 2.996 
                 0.505 
                 0.128 
                 3.8200 
                 −0.2248 
               
               
                 22 
                 (A) 500 ppm 
                 Polyethylene 
                 1.3741 
                 2.991 
                 0.505 
                 0.066 
                 1.3736 
                 −0.0364 
               
               
                   
                 POAA/Buffered 
               
               
                 28 
                 (B) 5000 ppm 
                 Polyethylene 
                 1.3676 
                 2.991 
                 0.505 
                 0.064 
                 1.3675 
                 −0.0073 
               
               
                   
                 POAA/Buffered 
               
               
                 34 
                 (C) 500 ppm POAA 
                 Polyethylene 
                 1.3541 
                 2.992 
                 0.504 
                 0.065 
                 1.3541 
                 0.0000 
               
               
                   
                 only 
               
               
                 40 
                 (D) 5000 ppm 
                 Polyethylene 
                 1.3586 
                 2.995 
                 0.504 
                 0.066 
                 1.3593 
                 0.0515 
               
               
                   
                 POAA only 
               
               
                 46 
                 CONTROL 
                 Polyethylene 
                 1.3668 
                 2.991 
                 0.504 
                 0.068 
                 1.3667 
                 −0.0073 
               
               
                 23 
                 (A) 500 ppm 
                 Polypropylene 
                 1.3792 
                 3.002 
                 0.504 
                 0.066 
                 1.3792 
                 0.0000 
               
               
                   
                 POAA/Buffered 
               
               
                 29 
                 (B) 5000 ppm 
                 Polypropylene 
                 1.3774 
                 2.998 
                 0.503 
                 0.065 
                 1.3775 
                 0.0073 
               
               
                   
                 POAA/Buffered 
               
               
                 35 
                 (C) 500 ppm POAA 
                 Polypropylene 
                 1.3793 
                 2.998 
                 0.504 
                 0.065 
                 1.3796 
                 0.0218 
               
               
                   
                 only 
               
               
                 47 
                 CONTROL 
                 Polypropylene 
                 1.3812 
                 2.997 
                 0.503 
                 0.065 
                 1.3811 
                 −0.0072 
               
               
                 24 
                 (A) 500 ppm 
                 Polyvinyl 
                 2.1801 
                 3.002 
                 0.505 
                 0.066 
                 2.1843 
                 0.1927 
               
               
                   
                 POAA/Buffered 
                 Chloride 
               
               
                 30 
                 (B) 5000 ppm 
                 Polyvinyl 
                 2.2005 
                 2.997 
                 0.505 
                 0.066 
                 2.2041 
                 0.1636 
               
               
                   
                 POAA/Buffered 
                 Chloride 
               
               
                 36 
                 (C) 500 ppm POAA 
                 Polyvinyl 
                 2.1734 
                 2.998 
                 0.505 
                 0.065 
                 2.1777 
                 0.1978 
               
               
                   
                 only 
                 Chloride 
               
               
                 42 
                 (D) 5000 ppm 
                 Polyvinyl 
                 2.1590 
                 2.998 
                 0.505 
                 0.065 
                 2.1625 
                 0.1621 
               
               
                   
                 POAA only 
                 Chloride 
               
               
                 48 
                 CONTROL 
                 Polyvinyl 
                 2.2048 
                 2.999 
                 0.505 
                 0.056 
                 2.2037 
                 −0.0499 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Chloride 
               
               
                 25 
                 (A) 500 ppm 
                 ABS 
                 1.4724 
                 2.995 
                 0.507 
                 0.061 
                 1.4762 
                 0.2581 
               
               
                   
                 POAA/Buffered 
               
               
                 31 
                 (B) 5000 ppm 
                 ABS 
                 1.5167 
                 3.003 
                 0.507 
                 0.063 
                 1.5201 
                 0.2242 
               
               
                   
                 POAA/Buffered 
               
               
                 37 
                 (C) 500 ppm POAA 
                 ABS 
                 1.5082 
                 3.000 
                 0.507 
                 0.062 
                 1.5132 
                 0.3315 
               
               
                   
                 only 
               
               
                 43 
                 (D) 5000 ppm 
                 ABS 
                 1.4971 
                 2.995 
                 0.505 
                 0.062 
                 1.5047 
                 0.5076 
               
               
                   
                 POAA only 
               
               
                 49 
                 CONTROL 
                 ABS 
                 1.4822 
                 2.995 
                 0.507 
                 0.062 
                 1.4813 
                 −0.0607 
               
               
                 26 
                 (A) 500 ppm 
                 Polyacetal 
                 4.4596 
                 3.003 
                 0.507 
                 0.133 
                 4.5033 
                 0.9799 
               
               
                   
                 POAA/Buffered 
               
               
                 32 
                 (B) 5000 ppm 
                 Polyacetal 
                 4.3970 
                 3.003 
                 0.507 
                 0.131 
                 4.4302 
                 0.7551 
               
               
                   
                 POAA/Buffered 
               
               
                 38 
                 (C) 500 ppm POAA 
                 Polyacetal 
                 4.4967 
                 3.004 
                 0.506 
                 0.134 
                 4.5441 
                 1.0092 
               
               
                   
                 only 
               
               
                 44 
                 (D) 5000 ppm 
                 Polyacetal 
                 4.3832 
                 3.003 
                 0.507 
                 0.131 
                 4.4264 
                 0.9856 
               
               
                   
                 POAA only 
               
               
                 50 
                 CONTROL 
                 Polyacetal 
                 4.4498 
                 3.002 
                 0.506 
                 0.133 
                 4.4454 
                 −0.0989 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Final 
                 % 
                 Final 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Test 
                 Final Ht. 
                 % Height 
                 Width 
                 Width 
                 Thick 
                 % Thick 
               
               
                   
                 item 
                 (inches) 
                 Change 
                 (inches) 
                 Change 
                 (inches) 
                 Changes 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 21 
                 2.996 
                 0.0000 
                 0.507 
                 0.1976 
                 0.128 
                 0.0000 
               
               
                   
                 27 
                 2.998 
                 0.0668 
                 0.502 
                 0.0000 
                 0.128 
                 −0.7752 
               
               
                   
                 33 
                 3.004 
                 0.1567 
                 0.505 
                 −0.1976 
                 0.127 
                 −0.7813 
               
               
                   
                 39 
                 3.061 
                 2.2037 
                 0.509 
                 0.9921 
                 0.125 
                 −1.5748 
               
               
                   
                 45 
                 2.993 
                 −0.1001 
                 0.504 
                 −0.1980 
                 0.128 
                 0.0000 
               
               
                   
                 22 
                 2.991 
                 0.0000 
                 0.504 
                 −0.1980 
                 0.066 
                 0.0000 
               
               
                   
                 28 
                 2.991 
                 0.0000 
                 0.505 
                 0.0000 
                 0.065 
                 1.5625 
               
               
                   
                 34 
                 2.991 
                 −0.0334 
                 0.502 
                 −0.3968 
                 0.065 
                 0.0000 
               
               
                   
                 40 
                 2.994 
                 −0.0334 
                 0.502 
                 −0.3968 
                 0.066 
                 0.0000 
               
               
                   
                 46 
                 2.989 
                 −0.0669 
                 0.504 
                 0.0000 
                 0.068 
                 0.0000 
               
               
                   
                 23 
                 3.001 
                 −0.0333 
                 0.503 
                 −0.1984 
                 0.067 
                 1.5152 
               
               
                   
                 29 
                 2.999 
                 0.0334 
                 0.503 
                 0.0000 
                 0.066 
                 1.5385 
               
               
                   
                 35 
                 2.998 
                 0.0000 
                 0.503 
                 −0.1984 
                 0.065 
                 0.0000 
               
               
                   
                 47 
                 2.997 
                 0.0000 
                 0.503 
                 0.0000 
                 0.065 
                 0.0000 
               
               
                   
                 24 
                 3.002 
                 0.0000 
                 0.506 
                 0.1980 
                 0.065 
                 −1.5152 
               
               
                   
                 30 
                 2.997 
                 0.0000 
                 0.506 
                 0.1980 
                 0.066 
                 0.0000 
               
               
                   
                 36 
                 2.998 
                 0.0000 
                 0.505 
                 0.0000 
                 0.065 
                 0.0000 
               
               
                   
                 42 
                 2.997 
                 −0.0334 
                 0.505 
                 0.0000 
                 0.065 
                 0.0000 
               
               
                   
                 48 
                 2.998 
                 −0.0333 
                 0.505 
                 0.0000 
                 0.056 
                 0.0000 
               
               
                   
                 25 
                 2.999 
                 0.1336 
                 0.508 
                 0.1972 
                 0.061 
                 0.0000 
               
               
                   
                 31 
                 3.006 
                 0.0999 
                 0.506 
                 −0.1972 
                 0.063 
                 0.0000 
               
               
                   
                 37 
                 3.004 
                 0.1333 
                 0.508 
                 0.1972 
                 0.062 
                 0.0000 
               
               
                   
                 43 
                 3.000 
                 0.1669 
                 0.510 
                 0.9901 
                 0.062 
                 0.0000 
               
               
                   
                 49 
                 2.995 
                 0.0000 
                 0.508 
                 0.1972 
                 0.062 
                 0.0000 
               
               
                   
                 26 
                 3.010 
                 0.2331 
                 0.508 
                 0.1972 
                 0.134 
                 0.7519 
               
               
                   
                 32 
                 3.009 
                 0.1998 
                 0.507 
                 0.0000 
                 0.132 
                 0.7634 
               
               
                   
                 38 
                 3.014 
                 0.3329 
                 0.508 
                 0.3953 
                 0.135 
                 0.7463 
               
               
                   
                 44 
                 3.012 
                 0.2997 
                 0.508 
                 0.1972 
                 0.132 
                 0.7634 
               
               
                   
                 50 
                 3.000 
                 −0.0666 
                 0.506 
                 0.0000 
                 0.133 
                 0.0000 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Test 
                   
                 Material 
                   
               
               
                 item 
                 Test Solution 
                 PLASTICS 
                 Visual Observations 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 21 
                 (A) 500 ppm POAA/Buffered 
                 Polyurethane 
                 Dull opaque orange material with semi-transparent boarder 
               
               
                 27 
                 (B) 5000 ppm POAA/Buffered 
                 Polyurethane 
                 Dull opaque orange material with semi-transparent boarder 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 and slt. tacky 
               
               
                 33 
                 (C) 500 ppm POAA only 
                 Polyurethane 
                 Dull darker opaque orange material with semi-transparent 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 boarder and slt. tacky 
               
               
                 39 
                 (D) 5000 ppm POAA only 
                 Polyurethane 
                 Very dark orange, very tacky, completely opaque material that 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 stuck to drying surface resulting in loss of material 
               
               
                 45 
                 CONTROL 
                 Polyurethane 
                 A dull, dirty, slt. yellow tinted, semi-transparent material 
               
               
                 22 
                 (A) 500 ppm POAA/Buffered 
                 Polyethylene 
                 Slt. whiter material than control 
               
               
                 28 
                 (B) 5000 ppm POAA/Buffered 
                 Polyethylene 
                 Slt. whiter material than control 
               
               
                 34 
                 (C) 500 ppm POAA only 
                 Polyethylene 
                 Slt. whiter material than control 
               
               
                 40 
                 (D) 5000 ppm POAA only 
                 Polyethylene 
                 Slt. whiter material than control 
               
               
                 46 
                 CONTROL 
                 Polyethylene 
                 A dull, grayish white material 
               
               
                 23 
                 (A) 500 ppm POAA/Buffered 
                 Polypropylene 
                 A white filmy, faintly transparent, more cloudy material than 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 control 
               
               
                 29 
                 (B) 5000 ppm POAA/Buffered 
                 Polypropylene 
                 A white filmy, faintly transparent, more cloudy material than 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 control 
               
               
                 35 
                 (C) 500 ppm POAA only 
                 Polypropylene 
                 A white heavy filmed, faintly transparent, more cloudy 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 material than control 
               
               
                 41 
                 (D) 5000 ppm POAA only 
                 Polypropylene 
                 A white filmy, faintly transparent, more cloudy material than 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 control 
               
               
                 47 
                 CONTROL 
                 Polypropylene 
                 A dull gray, semi-transparent material 
               
               
                 24 
                 (A) 500 ppm POAA/Buffered 
                 Polyvinyl 
                 Slt. less shiny and slt. less dark gray material than control 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Chloride 
               
               
                 36 
                 (C) 500 ppm POAA only 
                 Polyvinyl 
                 A dull med. gray material 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Chloride 
               
               
                 42 
                 (D) 5000 ppm POAA only 
                 Polyvinyl 
                 A dull light to medium gray material 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Chloride 
               
               
                 48 
                 CONTROL 
                 Polyvinyl 
                 A dark, shiny gray material 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Chloride 
               
               
                 25 
                 (A) 500 ppm POAA/Buffered 
                 ABS 
                 A slt. dull, whiter material than control 
               
               
                 31 
                 (B) 5000 ppm POAA/Buffered 
                 ABS 
                 A slt. dull, whiter material than control 
               
               
                 37 
                 (C) 500 ppm POAA only 
                 ABS 
                 A slt. dull, much whiter white material than control 
               
               
                 43 
                 (D) 5000 ppm POAA only 
                 ABS 
                 A slt. dull bright white material 
               
               
                 49 
                 CONTROL 
                 ABS 
                 A slt. dull, vanilla white material 
               
               
                 26 
                 (A) 500 ppm POAA/Buffered 
                 Polyacetal 
                 A dull, cleaner white appearance than control 
               
               
                 32 
                 (B) 5000 ppm POAA/Buffered 
                 Polyacetal 
                 A dull, cleaner white appearance than control 
               
               
                 38 
                 (C) 500 ppm POAA only 
                 Polyacetal 
                 A dull, cleaner white appearance than control 
               
               
                 44 
                 (D) 5000 ppm POAA only 
                 Polyacetal 
                 A dull, cleaner white appearance than control 
               
               
                 50 
                 CONTROL 
                 Polyacetal 
                 A dull, dirty white material 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
               
                 PART IV: CORROSION - RUBBERS 
               
               
                 Analytical - Observations 
               
               
                 KX-6091 CORROSION STUDY 
               
               
                 14 day Compatibility Test of 15 different materials tested against four different Test 
               
               
                 Solutions at 50° C. with the test solutions are changed daily. 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Test 
                   
                 Material 
                 Initial Wt. 
                 Initial Ht. 
                 Initial Width 
                 Initial thick 
                 Final Wt. 
                 % Weight 
               
               
                 item 
                 Test Solution 
                 RUBBERS 
                 (gms) 
                 (inches) 
                 (inches) 
                 (inches) 
                 (gms) 
                 Change 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 51 
                 (A) 500 ppm 
                 Silicone 
                 14.2724 
                 2.930 
                 0.928 
                 0.254 
                 14.2553 
                 −0.1198 
               
               
                   
                 POAA/Buffered 
               
               
                 56 
                 (B) 5000 ppm 
                 Silicone 
                 15.5707 
                 2.999 
                 1.007 
                 0.249 
                 15.5665 
                 −0.0270 
               
               
                   
                 POAA/Buffered 
               
               
                 61 
                 (C) 500 ppm 
                 Silicone 
                 15.6958 
                 3.013 
                 0.995 
                 0.252 
                 15.7755 
                 0.5078 
               
               
                   
                 POAA only 
               
               
                 66 
                 (D) 5000 ppm 
                 Silicone 
                 15.1443 
                 2.977 
                 0.994 
                 0.246 
                 15.3760 
                 1.5299 
               
               
                   
                 POAA only 
               
               
                 71 
                 CONTROL 
                 Silicone 
                 15.6702 
                 2.970 
                 1.001 
                 0.253 
                 15.6417 
                 −0.1819 
               
               
                 52 
                 (A) 500 ppm 
                 Butyl 
                 1.9074 
                 2.999 
                 0.507 
                 0.069 
                 1.9852 
                 4.0789 
               
               
                   
                 POAA/Buffered 
               
               
                 57 
                 (B) 5000 ppm 
                 Butyl 
                 1.9082 
                 2.999 
                 0.505 
                 0.069 
                 1.9263 
                 0.9485 
               
               
                   
                 POAA/Buffered 
               
               
                 62 
                 (C) 500 ppm 
                 Butyl 
                 1.9026 
                 2.996 
                 0.505 
                 0.068 
                 2.0729 
                 8.9509 
               
               
                   
                 POAA only 
               
               
                 67 
                 (D) 5000 ppm 
                 Butyl 
                 1.9097 
                 2.998 
                 0.507 
                 0.069 
                 2.2216 
                 16.3324 
               
               
                   
                 POAA only 
               
               
                 72 
                 CONTROL 
                 Butyl 
                 1.9001 
                 2.998 
                 0.507 
                 0.069 
                 1.8939 
                 −0.3263 
               
               
                 53 
                 (A) 500 ppm 
                 Vison 
                 23.3725 
                 3.057 
                 1.031 
                 0.248 
                 23.4407 
                 0.2918 
               
               
                   
                 POAA/Buffered 
               
               
                 58 
                 (B) 5000 ppm 
                 Vison 
                 21.3847 
                 2.984 
                 1.014 
                 0.237 
                 21.4843 
                 0.5598 
               
               
                   
                 POAA/Buffered 
               
               
                 68 
                 (D) 5000 ppm 
                 Vison 
                 22.4157 
                 2.964 
                 1.012 
                 0.251 
                 23.7728 
                 6.0542 
               
               
                   
                 POAA only 
               
               
                 73 
                 CONTROL 
                 Vison 
                 22.0694 
                 2.988 
                 1.012 
                 0.244 
                 22.0584 
                 −0.0498 
               
               
                 54 
                 (A) 500 ppm 
                 EPDM 
                 17.0399 
                 3.042 
                 1.005 
                 0.277 
                 17.1763 
                 0.8005 
               
               
                   
                 POAA/Buffered 
               
               
                 59 
                 (B) 5000 ppm 
                 EPDM 
                 16.9577 
                 3.033 
                 1.006 
                 0.278 
                 17.2265 
                 1.5851 
               
               
                   
                 POAA/Buffered 
               
               
                 64 
                 (C) 500 ppm 
                 EPDM 
                 16.9824 
                 3.059 
                 1.015 
                 0.275 
                 16.9653 
                 −0.1007 
               
               
                   
                 POAA only 
               
               
                 69 
                 (D) 5000 ppm 
                 EPDM 
                 17.4875 
                 2.985 
                 1.072 
                 0.274 
                 17.9757 
                 2.7917 
               
               
                   
                 POAA only 
               
               
                 74 
                 CONTROL 
                 EPDM 
                 16.7254 
                 2.964 
                 1.016 
                 0.278 
                 16.6918 
                 −0.2009 
               
               
                 55 
                 (A) 500 ppm 
                 BUNA N 
                 15.8678 
                 2.960 
                 1.006 
                 0.242 
                 16.3169 
                 2.8303 
               
               
                   
                 POAA/Buffered 
               
               
                 80 
                 (B) 5000 ppm 
                 BUNA N 
                 15.9576 
                 2.980 
                 1.020 
                 0.240 
                 16.4275 
                 2.9447 
               
               
                   
                 POAA/Buffered 
               
               
                 85 
                 (C) 500 ppm 
                 BUNA N 
                 16.2737 
                 2.977 
                 1.016 
                 0.246 
                 18.9478 
                 4.1423 
               
               
                   
                 POAA only 
               
               
                 70 
                 (D) 5000 ppm 
                 BUNA N 
                 15.8516 
                 2.956 
                 1.014 
                 0.242 
                 16.5043 
                 4.1176 
               
               
                   
                 POAA only 
               
               
                 75 
                 CONTROL 
                 BUNA N 
                 16.0735 
                 2.936 
                 1.107 
                 0.247 
                 16.0328 
                 −0.2532 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Test 
                 Final Ht. 
                 % Height 
                 Final Width 
                 % Width 
                 Final Thick 
                 % Thick 
               
               
                   
                 item 
                 (inches) 
                 Change 
                 (inches) 
                 Change 
                 (inches) 
                 Change 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 51 
                 2.930 
                 0.0000 
                 0.933 
                 0.5388 
                 0.254 
                 0.0000 
               
               
                   
                 56 
                 2.995 
                 −0.1334 
                 1.008 
                 0.0993 
                 0.249 
                 0.0000 
               
               
                   
                 61 
                 3.019 
                 0.1991 
                 1.004 
                 0.9045 
                 0.252 
                 0.0000 
               
               
                   
                 66 
                 3.003 
                 0.6734 
                 1.005 
                 1.1066 
                 0.249 
                 1.2195 
               
               
                   
                 71 
                 2.970 
                 0.0000 
                 1.013 
                 1.1988 
                 0.254 
                 0.3953 
               
               
                   
                 52 
                 3.008 
                 0.3001 
                 0.507 
                 0.0000 
                 0.071 
                 2.8986 
               
               
                   
                 57 
                 3.008 
                 0.3001 
                 0.505 
                 0.0000 
                 0.069 
                 0.0000 
               
               
                   
                 62 
                 3.017 
                 0.7009 
                 0.513 
                 1.5842 
                 0.075 
                 10.2941 
               
               
                   
                 67 
                 3.029 
                 1.0340 
                 0.494 
                 −2.5841 
                 0.078 
                 13.0435 
               
               
                   
                 72 
                 2.998 
                 −0.0867 
                 0.504 
                 −0.5917 
                 0.069 
                 0.0000 
               
               
                   
                 53 
                 3.071 
                 0.4580 
                 1.033 
                 0.1940 
                 0.248 
                 0.0000 
               
               
                   
                 58 
                 2.998 
                 0.4692 
                 1.025 
                 1.0848 
                 0.238 
                 0.4219 
               
               
                   
                 68 
                 3.064 
                 3.3738 
                 1.053 
                 4.0514 
                 0.260 
                 3.5857 
               
               
                   
                 73 
                 2.991 
                 0.1004 
                 1.012 
                 0.0000 
                 0.244 
                 0.0000 
               
               
                   
                 54 
                 3.053 
                 0.3616 
                 1.009 
                 0.3980 
                 0.285 
                 2.8881 
               
               
                   
                 59 
                 3.036 
                 0.0989 
                 1.012 
                 0.5964 
                 0.285 
                 2.5180 
               
               
                   
                 64 
                 3.068 
                 0.2942 
                 1.012 
                 −0.2956 
                 0.282 
                 2.5455 
               
               
                   
                 69 
                 3.020 
                 1.1725 
                 1.079 
                 0.6530 
                 0.284 
                 3.6496 
               
               
                   
                 74 
                 2.959 
                 −0.1687 
                 1.015 
                 −0.0984 
                 0.278 
                 0.0000 
               
               
                   
                 55 
                 2.970 
                 0.3378 
                 1.012 
                 0.5964 
                 0.247 
                 2.0661 
               
               
                   
                 80 
                 2.989 
                 0.3020 
                 1.019 
                 −0.0980 
                 0.246 
                 2.5000 
               
               
                   
                 85 
                 2.992 
                 0.5039 
                 1.024 
                 0.7874 
                 0.259 
                 5.2846 
               
               
                   
                 70 
                 2.956 
                 0.0000 
                 1.029 
                 1.4793 
                 0.264 
                 9.0909 
               
               
                   
                 75 
                 2.937 
                 0.0341 
                 1.014 
                 −0.2950 
                 0.247 
                 0.0000 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Test 
                   
                 Material 
                   
               
               
                 item 
                 Test Solution 
                 RUBBERS 
                 Visual Observations 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 51 
                 (A) 500 ppm POAA/Buffered 
                 Silicone 
                 A dull, med. - dark orange material similar to 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 control 
               
               
                 56 
                 (B) 5000 ppm POAA/Buffered 
                 Silicone 
                 A dull, med. - dark orange material similar to 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 control 
               
               
                 61 
                 (C) 500 ppm POAA only 
                 Silicone 
                 A dull, med. - dark orange material similar to 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 control 
               
               
                 66 
                 (D) 5000 ppm POAA only 
                 Silicone 
                 A dull, med. - dark orange material similar to 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 control 
               
               
                 71 
                 CONTROL 
                 Silicone 
                 A dull, med. - dark orange material 
               
               
                 52 
                 (A) 500 ppm POAA/Buffered 
                 Butyl 
                 A dull black material with slt. tacky, slt. rough 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 surface that stuck to drying surface resulting in loss 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 of material 
               
               
                 57 
                 (B) 5000 ppm POAA/Buffered 
                 Butyl 
                 A dull black material with very slt. tacky, smooth 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 surface 
               
               
                 62 
                 (C) 500 ppm POAA only 
                 Butyl 
                 A black material with tacky, dull, rough surface 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 that stuck to drying surface resulting in loss of 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 material 
               
               
                 67 
                 (D) 5000 ppm POAA only 
                 Butyl 
                 A dull black material with very tacky, very rough, 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 surface that stuck to drying surface resulting in loss 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 of material 
               
               
                 53 
                 (A) 500 ppm POAA/Buffered 
                 Vison 
                 A dull, charcoal black material with smooth surface 
               
               
                 58 
                 (B) 5000 ppm POAA/Buffered 
                 Vison 
                 A dull, charcoal black material with smooth surface 
               
               
                 63 
                 (C) 500 ppm POAA only 
                 Vison 
                 A dull, charcoal black material with slt. rough 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 surface 
               
               
                 68 
                 (D) 5000 ppm POAA only 
                 Vison 
                 A dull, charcoal black material with slt. rough 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 surface 
               
               
                 73 
                 CONTROL 
                 Vison 
                 A dull, charcoal black material with smooth surface 
               
               
                 54 
                 (A) 500 ppm POAA/Buffered 
                 EPDM 
                 A dull, black material with slt. rough surface 
               
               
                 59 
                 (B) 5000 ppm POAA/Buffered 
                 EPDM 
                 A dull, black material with slt. blistered surface 
               
               
                 64 
                 (C) 500 ppm POAA only 
                 EPDM 
                 A dull, black material with slt. rough surface 
               
               
                 69 
                 (D) 5000 ppm POAA only 
                 EPDM 
                 A dull black material with slt. rough surface 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 containing a large blister 
               
               
                 74 
                 CONTROL 
                 EPDM 
                 A dull, black material with smooth surface 
               
               
                 55 
                 (A) 500 ppm POAA/Buffered 
                 BUNA N 
                 A dull, (darker than control) black material with slt. 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 rough surface 
               
               
                 60 
                 (B) 5000 ppm POAA/Buffered 
                 BUNA N 
                 A dark black material with very slt. shiny, fairly 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 smooth surface 
               
               
                 65 
                 (C) 500 ppm POAA only 
                 BUNA N 
                 A dark black material with very slt. shiny, slt. 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 blistered surface 
               
               
                 70 
                 (D) 5000 ppm POAA only 
                 BUNA N 
                 A dark black material with very slt. shiny, blistered 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 surface 
               
               
                 75 
                 CONTROL 
                 BUNA N 
                 A dull, grayish black material with smooth surface 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     I. Tuberculocidal Efficacy US Method 
     The peracetic acid product was tested against  Mycobacterium bovis  (BCG) using the AOAC Confirmatory Test with product concentrations as listed below. The product was diluted in buffer to achieve the pH 6 prior to test. The diluent tested was either tap or distilled water. Test exposure time was 10 minutes. A result of ten no growth tubes per ten tubes tested is required for a passing result. Conclusion: successful tuberculocidal results were achieved a product concentrations as low as 1000 ppm POAA. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Number of no growth tubes/ 
               
               
                   
                 Product Concentration a   
                 number of tubes tested b   
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 1000 ppm POAA 
                 10/10 - pass 
               
               
                   
                 2000 ppm POAA 
                 10/10 - pass 
               
               
                   
                 3000 ppm POAA 
                 10/10 - pass 
               
               
                   
                 4000 ppm POAA 
                 10/10 - pass 
               
               
                   
                 5000 ppm POAA 
                 10/10 - pass 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   a Diluent was tap or distilled water with pH adjusted to 6.  
               
               
                   
                   b Test results reflect data achieved in three test media, Proskauer-Beck, Kirshners and Middlebrook.  
               
             
          
         
       
     
     II. Suspension Test—Olympus Method 
     We have completed the suspension test as requested with the Olympus procedure versus  Bacillus subtilis . The product was diluted in buffer to achieve the pH 6 prior to test. The diluent tested was tap water. Test exposure times are listed below. The data are represented as log reduction of bacterial numbers. Note: the spores were counted after the heat shock treatment, although the test was conducted on a non-heat treated bacterial suspension. Conclusion significant log reductions in microbial numbers were achieved within 10 minutes using 500 ppm POAA. Additional product concentration or exposure time did not increase the efficacy of the product. 
     
       
         
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   Bacillus subtilis  Log Reduction at 20° C. 
               
               
                   
                 (ppm POAA) 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 1500 ppm 
                 2000 ppm 
               
               
                 Exposure time 
                   
                   
                   
                 (Henkel-Ecolab 
                 (Ecolab test 
               
               
                 (minutes) 
                 250 ppm 
                 500 ppm 
                 1000 ppm 
                 test only) 
                 only) 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                  5 minutes 
                 4.55 
                 6.13 
                 9.48 
                 7.70 
                 9.78 
               
               
                 10 minutes 
                 7.98 
                 9.78 
                 9.78 
                 7.68 
                 9.78 
               
               
                 20 minutes 
                 9.48 
                 9.78 
                 9.78 
                 7.71 
                 9.78 
               
               
                 60 minutes 
                 9.48 
                 9.78 
                 9.78 
                 7.74 
                 9.78 
               
               
                 Neutralization control 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 0.10 A   
               
               
                 Total inoculum 
                   
                   
                   
                 3.4 × 10 8  cfu/ml 
                 6.0 × 10 9  cfu/ml 
               
               
                 Spore inoculum 
                   
                   
                   
                 9.0 × 10 6  cfu/ml 
                 3.3 × 10 5  cfu/ml 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   A Neutralizer is 1 % sodium thiosulfate and is effective in this test procedure for chemical neutralization of the test substance.  
               
             
          
         
       
     
     III. Carrier Test—Olympus Method 
     We have completed the carrier test as requested using the Olympus procedure versus  Bacillus subtilis  and  Mycobacterium terrae . The product was diluted in buffer to achieve the pH 6 prior to test The diluent tested was tap water. Test exposure times are listed below. Note: the spores were counted after the heat shock treatment although the test was conducted on a non-heat treated bacterial suspensions. Conclusion: successful results achieved using 250 ppm POAA within five minutes exposure against both subtilis and  Mycobacterium terrae . Additional product concentration or exposure time did not increase the efficacy of the product. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 250 ppm 
                 1000 ppm 
                 2500 ppm 
                 5000 ppm 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Exposure time 
                 CARRIER A   
                   
                   
                 CARRIER 
                   
                   
                 CARRIER 
                   
                   
                 CARRIER 
                   
                   
               
               
                 (minutes) 
                 RESULTS 
                 A B   
                 B C   
                 RESULTS 
                 A 
                 B 
                 RESULTS 
                 A 
                 B 
                 RESULTS 
                 A 
                 B 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   Bacillus subtilis  at 20° C. 
               
               
                 (ppm POAA) 
               
             
          
           
               
                  0 minutes 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 0/2 
                 2.3 × 10 4   
                 1.9 × 10 3   
               
               
                  5 minutes 
                 2/2 
                 &lt;1 
                 &lt;1 
                 2/2 
                 &lt;1 
                 &lt;1 
                 2/2 
                 &lt;1 
                 &lt;1 
                 2/2 
                 &lt;1 
                 &lt;1 
               
               
                 10 minutes 
                 2/2 
                 &lt;1 
                 &lt;1 
                 2/2 
                 &lt;1 
                 &lt;1 
                 2/2 
                 &lt;1 
                 &lt;1 
                 2/2 
                 &lt;1 
                 &lt;1 
               
               
                 20 minutes 
                 2/2 
                 &lt;1 
                 &lt;1 
                 2/2 
                 &lt;1 
                 &lt;1 
                 2/2 
                 &lt;1 
                 &lt;1 
                 2/2 
                 &lt;1 
                 &lt;1 
               
               
                 60 minutes 
                 2/2 
                 &lt;1 
                 &lt;1 
                 2/2 
                 &lt;1 
                 &lt;1 
                 2/2 
                 &lt;1 
                 &lt;1 
                 2/2 
                 &lt;1 
                 &lt;1 
               
             
          
           
               
                   Mycobacterium terrae  at 20° C. 
               
               
                 (ppm POAA) 
               
             
          
           
               
                  0 minutes 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 0/2 
                 3.2 × 10 3   
                 2.1 × 10 4   
               
               
                  5 minutes 
                 2/2 
                 &lt;1 
                 &lt;1 
                 2/2 
                 &lt;1 
                 &lt;1 
                 2/2 
                 &lt;1 
                 &lt;1 
                 2/2 
                 &lt;1 
                 &lt;1 
               
               
                 10 minutes 
                 2/2 
                 &lt;1 
                 &lt;1 
                 2/2 
                 &lt;1 
                 &lt;1 
                 2/2 
                 &lt;1 
                 &lt;1 
                 2/2 
                 &lt;1 
                 &lt;1 
               
               
                 20 minutes 
                 2/2 
                 &lt;1 
                 &lt;1 
                 2/2 
                 &lt;1 
                 &lt;1 
                 2/2 
                 &lt;1 
                 &lt;1 
                 2/2 
                 &lt;1 
                 &lt;1 
               
               
                 60 minutes 
                 2/2 
                 &lt;1 
                 &lt;1 
                 2/2 
                 &lt;1 
                 &lt;1 
                 2/2 
                 &lt;1 
                 &lt;1 
                 2/2 
                 &lt;1 
                 &lt;1 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   A Number of negative carriers per number of carriers tested.  
               
               
                   B Plate A is the average cfu/ml of product plus neutralizer mixture.  
               
               
                   C Plate B is the average cfu/ml of stripper.  
               
               
                   D Neutralizer is 1% sodium thiosulfate and is effective in this test procedure for chemical neutralization of the test substance.  
               
             
          
         
       
     
     IV. Sporicidal Efficacy—US Method 
     The peracetic acid product was tested against  Clostridium sporogenes  using the AOAC Sporicdal Activity of Disinfectants Test with product concentrations as listed below. The product was diluted in buffer to achieve the pH 6 prior to test The diluent tested was tap water. Test exposure time was 3, 4 or 6 hours. A result of twenty no growth tubes per twenty tubes tested is required for a passing result. Conclusion: successful results were achieved at 5000 ppm POM with an exposure time of 6 hours. 
     
       
         
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Number of no growth tubes/ 
               
               
                   
                 number of tubes tested b   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Product 
                 Exposure 
                   
                 Secondary 
               
               
                 Concentration a   
                 Time 
                 Primary Subculture 
                 Subculture 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 4000 ppm POAA 
                 3 hours 
                 20/20 
                  0/20 
               
               
                   
                 4 hours 
                 20/20 
                  1/20 
               
               
                   
                 6 hours 
                 19/20 
                 20/20 
               
               
                 5000 ppm POAA 
                 3 hours 
                 19/20 
                  6/20 
               
               
                   
                 4 hours 
                 20/20 
                 17/20 
               
               
                   
                 6 hours 
                 20/20 
                 20/20 
               
               
                 7000 ppm POAA 
                 3 hours 
                 20/20 
                 10/20 
               
               
                   
                 4 hours 
                 20/20 
                 11/20 
               
               
                   
                 6 hours 
                 20/20 
                 20/20 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   a Diluent was tap or distilled water with pH adjusted to 6.  
               
               
                   b Test results reflect data achieved in three test media, Proskauer-Beck, Kirshners and Middlebrook after heat-shock treatment and reincubation for 72 hours.  
               
             
          
         
       
     
     OBJECTIVE: 
     The objective of this analysis was to evaluate the effect of hydrogen peroxide and acetic acid concentration on the sporicidal efficacy of 150 ppm peracetic acid at 40° C. 
     TEST METHOD: 
     Ecolab Microbiological Services SOP CB021-04; Rate of Kill Antimicrobial Efficacy. Following exposure to the formula and subsequent neutralization, spores were heat shocked for 13 minutes at 80° C. before plating. 
     METHOD PARAMETERS: 
     Test Substances: Each formula was prepared using a “stock” POAA material (34.1% POAA, 7.13% H 2 O 2  and 36.1% acetic acid—Aldrich Chemical) to achieve 150 ppm POAA. H 2 O 2  or acetic acid was then added as needed. Please refer to the data sheet attached to this report for preparation information. Since chemical analyses of solutions prepared exactly like those prepared for this study were done previously, and concentrations were found to be accurate, additional chemical analysis for this study was not performed (see MSR #960351, J. Hilgren). 
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
               
                 Chemical Properties of Each Test Formula 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Theoretical 
                 Theoretical 
                 Theoretical 
                   
               
               
                 Formula 
                 ppm POAA 
                 ppm H 2 O 2   
                 ppm Acetic Acid 
                 pH 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 A 
                 150 
                 31 
                 159 
                 3.75 
               
               
                 B 
                 150 
                 31 
                 309 
                 3.67 
               
               
                 C 
                 150 
                 275 
                 159 
                 3.75 
               
               
                 D 
                 150 
                 275 
                 309 
                 3.68 
               
               
                 E 
                 150 
                 529 
                 159 
                 3.77 
               
               
                 F 
                 150 
                 329 
                 309 
                 3.68 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Test System:  Bacillus cereus  spore crop N1009 
     Test Temperature: 40° C. 
     Exposure Times: 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 and 3.5 hours 
     Neutralizer: Fluid Thioglycollate Medium 
     Plating Media: Dextrose Tryptone Agar 
     Incubation: 32° C. for 48 hours 
     RESULTS: 
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 Inoculum Numbers 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Inoculum Test Replicate (CFU/mL) 
                 Average 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Organism 
                 1 
                 2 
                 3 
                 (CFU/mL) 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   B. cereus  Spores 
                 30 × 10 6   
                 26 × 10 6   
                 26 × 10 6   
                 2.7 × 10 7   
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Reduction of  B. cereus  Spores at 40° C. 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Exposure Time 
                   
                   
               
               
                 Formula 
                 (hours) 
                 Survivors (CFU/mL) 
                 Log Reduction 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 A 
                 0.5 
                 &lt;1.0 × 10 1   
                 &gt;6.43 
               
               
                 Low Acetic, 
                 1.0 
                 &lt;1.0 × 10 1   
                 &gt;6.43 
               
               
                 Low H 2 O 2   
                 1.5 
                 &lt;1.0 × 10 1   
                 &gt;6.43 
               
               
                   
                 2.0 
                 &lt;1.0 × 10 1   
                 &gt;6.43 
               
               
                   
                 2.5 
                 &lt;1.0 × 10 1   
                 &gt;6.43 
               
               
                   
                 3.0 
                 &lt;1.0 × 10 1   
                 &gt;6.43 
               
               
                   
                 3.5 
                 &lt;1.0 × 10 1   
                 &gt;6.43 
               
               
                 B 
                 0.5 
                 &lt;1.0 × 10 1   
                 &gt;6.43 
               
               
                 High Acetic, 
                 1.0 
                 &lt;1.0 × 10 1   
                 &gt;6.43 
               
               
                 Low H 2 O 2   
                 1.5 
                 &lt;1.0 × 10 1   
                 &gt;6.43 
               
               
                   
                 2.0 
                 &lt;1.0 × 10 1   
                 &gt;6.43 
               
               
                   
                 2.5 
                 &lt;1.0 × 10 1   
                 &gt;6.43 
               
               
                   
                 3.0 
                 &lt;1.0 × 10 1   
                 &gt;6.43 
               
               
                   
                 3.5 
                 &lt;1.0 × 10 1   
                 &gt;6.43 
               
               
                 C 
                 0.5 
                 1.7 × 10 7   
                 0.20 
               
               
                 Low Acetic, 
                 1.0 
                 6.0 × 10 6   
                 0.65 
               
               
                 Medium H 2 O 2   
                 1.5 
                 2.5 × 10 6   
                 1.03 
               
               
                   
                 2.0 
                 9.0 × 10 5   
                 1.48 
               
               
                   
                 2.5 
                 2.1 × 10 5   
                 2.11 
               
               
                   
                 3.0 
                 6.0 × 10 4   
                 2.65 
               
               
                   
                 3.5 
                 1.5 × 10 4   
                 3.26 
               
               
                 D 
                 0.5 
                 1.5 × 10 7   
                 0.26 
               
               
                 High Acetic, 
                 1.0 
                 4.9 × 10 6   
                 0.74 
               
               
                 Medium H 2 O 2   
                 1.5 
                 2.2 × 10 6   
                 1.09 
               
               
                   
                 2.0 
                 4.6 × 10 5   
                 1.77 
               
               
                   
                 2.5 
                 1.2 × 10 5   
                 2.35 
               
               
                   
                 3.0 
                 3.1 × 10 4   
                 2.94 
               
               
                   
                 3.5 
                 1.1 × 10 4   
                 3.39 
               
               
                 E 
                 0.5 
                 1.5 × 10 7   
                 0.26 
               
               
                 Low Acetic, 
                 1.0 
                 5.1 × 10 6   
                 0.72 
               
               
                 High H 2 O 2   
                 1.5 
                 1.4 × 10 6   
                 1.29 
               
               
                   
                 2.0 
                 3.1 × 10 5   
                 1.94 
               
               
                   
                 2.5 
                 3.4 × 10 4   
                 2.90 
               
               
                   
                 3.0 
                 4.0 × 10 3   
                 3.83 
               
               
                   
                 3.5 
                 5.6 × 10 2   
                 4.68 
               
               
                 F 
                 0.5 
                 1.4 × 10 7   
                 0.29 
               
               
                 High Acetic, 
                 1.0 
                 4.7 × 10 6   
                 0.76 
               
               
                 High H 2 O 2   
                 1.5 
                 1.7 × 10 6   
                 1.20 
               
               
                   
                 2.0 
                 4.3 × 10 5   
                 1.80 
               
               
                   
                 2.5 
                 3.3 × 10 4   
                 2.91 
               
               
                   
                 3.0 
                 5.0 × 10 3   
                 3.73 
               
               
                   
                 3.5 
                 8.1 × 10 2   
                 4.52 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     A graphical representation of the reduction of  B. cereus  spores at 40° C. is presented in FIG.  3 . The lower limit of detection for the test procedure was 10 C.F.U./mL. 
     CONCLUSIONS: 
     The sporicidal activity of 150 ppm POAA at 40° C. against  Bacillus cereus  spores was most effective when in the presence of relatively low concentrations of H 2 O 2  (≈330 ppm as in Formulas A and B). Reduced  B. cereus  sporicidal efficacy was observed using POAA with the medium and high concentrations of H 2 O 2  (≈160 and 300 ppm as in Formulas C through F). 
     OBJECTIVE: 
     The objective of this analysis was to evaluate the effect of hydrogen peroxide and acetic acid concentration on the sporicidal efficacy of 150 ppm peracetic acid at 60° C. 
     TEST METHOD: 
     Ecolab Microbiological Services SOP CB021-04; Rate of Kill Antimicrobial Efficacy. Following exposure to the formula and subsequent neutralization, spores were heat shocked for 13 minutes at 80° C. before plating. 
     METHOD PARAMETERS: 
     Test Substances: Each formula was prepared using a “stock” POAA material (34.1% POAA, 7.13% H 2 O 2  and 36.1% acetic acid—Aldrich Chemical) to achieve 150 ppm POAA. H 2 O 2 or acetic acid was then added as needed. Please refer to the data sheet attached to this report for theoretical concentrations and preparation information. 
     
       
         
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Formula Properties (≈ 2 Hours Post Preparation/ 
               
               
                   
                 After 40 min. at 60° C.) 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Formula 
                 ppm POAA 
                 ppm H 2 O 2   
                 ppm Acetic Acid 
                 pH 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 A 
                 147/144 
                 31/33 
                 174/166 
                 3.76/3.67 
               
               
                 B 
                 145/144 
                 33/37 
                 346/346 
                 3.71/3.55 
               
               
                 C 
                 151/148 
                 277/281 
                 141/143 
                 3.79/3.69 
               
               
                 D 
                 151/151 
                 283/280 
                 301/291 
                 3.70/3.60 
               
               
                 E 
                 157/154 
                 526/514 
                 136/148 
                 3.81/3.71 
               
               
                 F 
                 160/159 
                  533/240* 
                 293/324 
                 3.71/3.62 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 *No obvious error in analysis was detected, but the result remains in question.  
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Test System:  Bacillus cereus  spore crop N1009 
     Test Temperature: 60° C. 
     Exposure Times: 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 40 minutes 
     Neutralizer: Fluid Thioglycollate Medium 
     Plating Media: Dextrose Tryptone agar 
     Incubation: 32° C. for 48 hours 
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 Inoculum Numbers 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Inoculum Test Replicate (CFU/mL) 
                 Average 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Organism 
                 1 
                 2 
                 3 
                 (CFU/mL) 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   B. cereus  Spores 
                 28 × 10 6   
                 22 × 10 6   
                 29 × 10 6   
                 2.6 × 10 7   
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Reduction of  B. cereus  Spores at 60° C. 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Exposure Time 
                   
                   
               
               
                 Formula 
                 (hours) 
                 Survivors (CFU/mL) 
                 Log Reduction 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 A 
                 10 
                 &lt;1.0 × 10 1   
                 &gt;6.41 
               
               
                 Low Acetic, 
                 15 
                 &lt;1.0 × 10 1   
                 &gt;6.41 
               
               
                 Low H 2 O 2   
                 20 
                 &lt;1.0 × 10 1   
                 &gt;6.41 
               
               
                   
                 25 
                 &lt;1.0 × 10 1   
                 &gt;6.41 
               
               
                   
                 30 
                 &lt;1.0 × 10 1   
                 &gt;6.41 
               
               
                   
                 40 
                 &lt;1.0 × 10 1   
                 &gt;6.41 
               
               
                 B 
                 10 
                 &lt;1.0 × 10 1   
                 &gt;6.41 
               
               
                 High Acetic, 
                 15 
                 &lt;1.0 × 10 1   
                 &gt;6.41 
               
               
                 Low H 2 O 2   
                 20 
                 &lt;1.0 × 10 1   
                 &gt;6.41 
               
               
                   
                 25 
                 &lt;1.0 × 10 1   
                 &gt;6.41 
               
               
                   
                 30 
                 &lt;1.0 × 10 1   
                 &gt;6.41 
               
               
                   
                 40 
                 &lt;1.0 × 10 1   
                 &gt;6.41 
               
               
                 C 
                 10 
                 4.1 × 10 4   
                 2.80 
               
               
                 Low Acetic, 
                 15 
                 2.0 × 10 2   
                 5.11 
               
               
                 Medium H 2 O 2   
                 20 
                 &lt;1.0 × 10 1   
                 &gt;6.41 
               
               
                   
                 25 
                 &lt;1.0 × 10 1   
                 &gt;6.41 
               
               
                   
                 30 
                 &lt;1.0 × 10 1   
                 &gt;6.41 
               
               
                   
                 40 
                 &lt;1.0 × 10 1   
                 &gt;6.41 
               
               
                 D 
                 10 
                 2.6 × 10 4   
                 3.00 
               
               
                 High Acetic, 
                 15 
                 7.0 × 10 1   
                 5.57 
               
               
                 Medium H 2 O 2   
                 20 
                 &lt;1.0 × 10 1   
                 &gt;6.41 
               
               
                   
                 25 
                 &lt;1.0 × 10 1   
                 &gt;6.41 
               
               
                   
                 30 
                 &lt;1.0 × 10 1   
                 &gt;6.41 
               
               
                   
                 40 
                 &lt;1.0 × 10 1   
                 &gt;6.41 
               
               
                 E 
                 10 
                 2.4 × 10 4   
                 3.03 
               
               
                 Low Acetic, 
                 15 
                 2.4 × 10 2   
                 5.03 
               
               
                 High H 2 O 2   
                 20 
                 &lt;1.0 × 10 1   
                 &gt;6.41 
               
               
                   
                 25 
                 &lt;1.0 × 10 1   
                 &gt;6.41 
               
               
                   
                 30 
                 &lt;1.0 × 10 1   
                 &gt;6.41 
               
               
                   
                 40 
                 &lt;1.0 × 10 1   
                 &gt;6.41 
               
               
                 F 
                 10 
                 1.1 × 10 4   
                 3.37 
               
               
                 High Acetic, 
                 15 
                 7.0 × 10 1   
                 5.57 
               
               
                 High H 2 O 2   
                 20 
                 &lt;1.0 × 10 1   
                 &gt;6.41 
               
               
                   
                 25 
                 &lt;1.0 × 10 1   
                 &gt;6.41 
               
               
                   
                 30 
                 &lt;1.0 × 10 1   
                 &gt;6.41 
               
               
                   
                 40 
                 &lt;1.0 × 10 1   
                 &gt;6.41 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     A graphical representation of the reduction of  B. cereus  spores at 60° C. It is shown in FIG.  2 . The lower limit of detection for the test procedure was 10 C.F.U./mL. 
     CONCLUSIONS 
     The sporicidal activity of 150 ppm POAA at 60° C. against  Bacillus cereus  spores was most effective when in the presence of relatively low concentrations of H 2 O 2  (≈160 and 300 ppm as in Formulas C through F). 
     Further testing using Formulas A-F will be conducted at 20° C. to determine the effect of H 2 O 2  and acetic acid concentration on sporicidal efficacy of POAA at low temperature. 
     OBJECTIVE: 
     The objective of this analysis was to evaluate the effect of hydrogen peroxide, octanoic acid and peroctanoic acid concentration on the sporicidal efficacy of 150 ppm peracetic acid at 40° C. 
     TEST METHOD: 
     Ecolab Microbiological Services SOP CB021-04; Rate of Kill Antimicrobial Efficacy. Following exposure to the formula and subsequent neutralization, spores were heat shocked for 13 minutes at 80° C. before plating. 
     METHOD PARAMETERS: 
     Test Substances: Each formula was prepared using a “stock” POAA material (33.5% POAA, 7.03% H 2 O 2  and 37.2% acetic acid—Aldrich Chemical) and a “stock” octanoic/peroctanoic material (11.4% octanoic, 3.4% POOA 10.29% POAA, 3.70% H 2 O 2 —Falcon 15). Hydrogen peroxide, octanoic acid or peroctanoic acid were then added as needed. Please refer to the data sheet attached to this report for preparation information. Prior to this study, chemical analyses of formulas exactly like those used for this study were conducted to determine if ingredient concentrations were close to theoretical and if they were stable over the duration of the efficacy test. Results showed ingredient concentrations to correlate with theoretical and to be stable. 
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
               
                 Chemical Properties of Each Test Formula 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Theoretical 
                 Theoretical 
                 Theoretical 
                 Theoretical 
                 Theoretical 
                   
               
               
                 Formula 
                 ppm POAA 
                 ppm H 2 O 2   
                 ppm AA 
                 ppm POOA 
                 ppm OA 
                 pH 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 1 
                 149 
                 36 
                 282 
                 12 
                 39 
                 3.65 
               
               
                 2 
                 149 
                 529 
                 282 
                 12 
                 39 
                 3.62 
               
               
                 3 
                 149 
                 36 
                 282 
                 50 
                 39 
                 3.64 
               
               
                 4 
                 149 
                 529 
                 282 
                 50 
                 39 
                 3.63 
               
               
                 5 
                 149 
                 36 
                 282 
                 12 
                 138 
                 3.64 
               
               
                 6 
                 149 
                 529 
                 282 
                 12 
                 138 
                 3.63 
               
               
                 7 
                 149 
                 36 
                 282 
                 50 
                 138 
                 3.64 
               
               
                 8 
                 149 
                 529 
                 282 
                 50 
                 138 
                 3.65 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Test System:  Bacillus cereus  spore crop N1009 
     Test Temperature: 40° C. 
     Exposure Times: 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 minutes 
     Neutralizer: Fluid Thioglycollate Medium 
     Plating Medium: Dextrose Tryptone Agar 
     Incubation; 32° C. for 48 hours 
     RESULTS 
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 Inoculum Numbers 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Inoculum Test Replicate (CFU/mL) 
                 Average 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Organism 
                 1 
                 2 
                 3 
                 (CFU/mL) 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   B. cereus  Spores 
                 56 × 10 6   
                 42 × 10 6   
                 35 × 10 6   
                 4.4 × 10 7   
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Reduction of  B. cereus  Spores at 40° C. 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Exposure Time 
                   
                   
               
               
                 Formula 
                 (hours) 
                 Survivors (CFU/mL) 
                 Log Reduction 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1 
                 5 
                 3.0 × 10 1   
                 6.17 
               
               
                 Low H 2 O 2 , 
                 10 
                 &lt;1.0 × 10 1   
                 &gt;6.64 
               
               
                 Low POOA, 
                 15 
                 &lt;1.0 × 10 1   
                 &gt;6.64 
               
               
                 Low OA 
                 20 
                 &lt;1.0 × 10 1   
                 &gt;6.64 
               
               
                   
                 25 
                 &lt;1.0 × 10 1   
                 &gt;6.64 
               
               
                   
                 30 
                 &lt;1.0 × 10 1   
                 &gt;6.64 
               
               
                 2 
                 5 
                 6.4 × 10 6   
                 0.84 
               
               
                 High H 2 O 2 , 
                 10 
                 4.3 × 10 6   
                 1.01 
               
               
                 Low POOA, 
                 15 
                 1.8 × 10 6   
                 1.39 
               
               
                 Low OA 
                 20 
                 4.0 × 10 5   
                 2.04 
               
               
                   
                 25 
                 1.2 × 10 5   
                 2.56 
               
               
                   
                 30 
                 8.1 × 10 4   
                 2.73 
               
               
                 3 
                 5 
                 &lt;1.0 × 10 1   
                 &gt;6.64 
               
               
                 Low H 2 O 2 , 
                 10 
                 &lt;1.0 × 10 1   
                 &gt;6.64 
               
               
                 High POOA, 
                 15 
                 &lt;1.0 × 10 1   
                 &gt;6.64 
               
               
                 Low OA 
                 20 
                 &lt;1.0 × 10 1   
                 &gt;6.64 
               
               
                   
                 25 
                 &lt;1.0 × 10 1   
                 &gt;6.64 
               
               
                   
                 30 
                 &lt;1.0 × 10 1   
                 &gt;6.64 
               
               
                 4 
                 5 
                 3.4 × 10 5   
                 2.11 
               
               
                 High H 2 O 2 , 
                 10 
                 1.6 × 10 4   
                 3.44 
               
               
                 High POOA, 
                 15 
                 1.9 × 10 3   
                 4.36 
               
               
                 Low OA 
                 20 
                 3.0 × 10 1   
                 6.17 
               
               
                   
                 25 
                 &lt;1.0 × 10 1   
                 &gt;6.64 
               
               
                   
                 30 
                 &lt;1.0 × 10 1   
                 &gt;6.64 
               
               
                 5 
                 5 
                 &lt;1.0 × 10 1   
                 &gt;6.64 
               
               
                 Low H 2 O 2 , 
                 10 
                 &lt;1.0 × 10 1   
                 &gt;6.64 
               
               
                 Low POOA, 
                 15 
                 &lt;1.0 × 10 1   
                 &gt;6.64 
               
               
                 High OA 
                 20 
                 &lt;1.0 × 10 1   
                 &gt;6.64 
               
               
                   
                 25 
                 &lt;1.0 × 10 1   
                 &gt;6.64 
               
               
                   
                 30 
                 &lt;1.0 × 10 1   
                 &gt;6.64 
               
               
                 6 
                 5 
                 4.4 × 10 6   
                 1.00 
               
               
                 High H 2 O 2 , 
                 10 
                 4.1 × 10 5   
                 2.03 
               
               
                 Low POOA, 
                 15 
                 7.7 × 10 4   
                 2.76 
               
               
                 High OA 
                 20 
                 5.3 × 10 4   
                 2.92 
               
               
                   
                 25 
                 1.4 × 10 4   
                 3.50 
               
               
                   
                 30 
                 5.8 × 10 3   
                 3.88 
               
               
                 7 
                 5 
                 &lt;1.0 × 10 1   
                 &gt;6.64 
               
               
                 Low H 2 O 2 , 
                 10 
                 &lt;1.0 × 10 1   
                 &gt;6.64 
               
               
                 High POOA, 
                 15 
                 &lt;1.0 × 10 1   
                 &gt;6.64 
               
               
                 High OA 
                 20 
                 &lt;1.0 × 10 1   
                 &gt;6.64 
               
               
                   
                 25 
                 &lt;1.0 × 10 1   
                 &gt;6.64 
               
               
                   
                 30 
                 &lt;1.0 × 10 1   
                 &gt;6.64 
               
               
                 8 
                 5 
                 1.2 × 10 5   
                 2.56 
               
               
                 High H 2 O 2 , 
                 10 
                 2.0 × 10 3   
                 4.34 
               
               
                 High POOA, 
                 15 
                 4.0 × 10 1   
                 6.04 
               
               
                 High OA 
                 20 
                 &lt;1.0 × 10 1   
                 &gt;6.64 
               
               
                   
                 25 
                 &lt;1.0 × 10 1   
                 &gt;6.64 
               
               
                   
                 30 
                 &lt;1.0 × 10 1   
                 &gt;6.64 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     A graphical representation of the reduction of  B. cereus  spores at 40° C. is presented in FIG.  1 . The lower limit of detection for the test procedure was 10 C.F.U./mL. 
     CONCLUSIONS: 
     Effect of H 2 O 2 : 
     The sporicidal activity of 150 ppm POAA at 40° C. against  Bacillus cereus  spores was most effective when in the presence of relatively low concentrations of H 2 O 2  (≈36 ppm as in Formulas 1, 3, 5 and 7). Reduced  B. cereus  sporicidal efficacy was observed using POAA with the higher concentrations of H 2 O 2  (≈529 ppm as in Formulas 2, 4, 6 and 8). 
     Effects of Octanoic and Peroctanoic Acid: 
     The sporicidal activity of 150 ppm POAA at 40° C. against  Bacillus cereus  spores increased when the concentrations of octanoic or peroctanoic acid increased. This phenomenon was clearly evident in formulas containing the high concentrations of H 2 O 2  (formulas 2, 4, 6 and 8). 
     On a weight basis, peroctanoic acid had a greater effect on the sporicidal efficacy of 150 ppm POAA against  B. cereus  than octanoic acid. An increase of 38 ppm POOA resulted in a greater log reduction of  B. cereus  spores than an increase of 99 ppm octanoic acid. An additive effect was observed when POOA and octanoic acid were combined.