Abstract:
An information handling system may include a processor, a network interface communicatively coupled to the processor, a storage resource communicatively coupled to the processor, and a basic input/output system (BIOS). The BIOS may be configured to, during a pre-boot environment of the information handling system: receive a datagram at the network interface from a network communicatively coupled to the network interface; determine if a variable is set within a header of the datagram indicating that a data payload of the datagram is to be bypassed by at least a portion of a network stack and a storage stack of the BIOS; and responsive to determining the variable is set, bypass the data payload by at least a portion of the network stack and the storage stack of the BIOS.

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
       [0001]    The present disclosure relates in general to information handling systems, and more particularly to systems and methods for efficient file transfer during a boot mode of a basic input/output system. 
       BACKGROUND 
       [0002]    As the value and use of information continues to increase, individuals and businesses seek additional ways to process and store information. One option available to users is information handling systems. An information handling system generally processes, compiles, stores, and/or communicates information or data for business, personal, or other purposes thereby allowing users to take advantage of the value of the information. Because technology and information handling needs and requirements vary between different users or applications, information handling systems may also vary regarding what information is handled, how the information is handled, how much information is processed, stored, or communicated, and how quickly and efficiently the information may be processed, stored, or communicated. The variations in information handling systems allow for information handling systems to be general or configured for a specific user or specific use such as financial transaction processing, airline reservations, enterprise data storage, or global communications. In addition, information handling systems may include a variety of hardware and software components that may be configured to process, store, and communicate information and may include one or more computer systems, data storage systems, and networking systems. 
         [0003]    In many information handling systems, a basic input/output system (BIOS), for example a Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI), is capable of operating in a pre-boot mode in which the BIOS executes certain instructions prior to loading and execution of an operating system. In such pre-boot mode, memory management may not be as effective as it is with an operating system, and additionally, a BIOS typically executes in a single-threaded boot environment with no scheduler, kernel, tasklets, work queues, etc., which might be present within an operating system in order to improve performance, including the processing of bulk payloads received via a network or a storage device. Accordingly, pre-boot setup and management activity including bulk image offloading such as firmware updates, operating system deployments, and other images may be very time consuming, which may lead to negative user experience. 
         [0004]    To illustrate, offloading bulk images over a network in pre-boot mode involves generating multiple copies (e.g., approximately nine copies) to receive the payload from the bottom layer of a network stack, to the top layer of the network stack, and then to the bottom layer of a file system stack.  FIG. 4  depicts a diagram of an example network and file system stack  2  illustrating the generation of such multiple copies. As shown in  FIG. 1 , when a network datagram (e.g., packet, frame) is received from a network  10  via a network interface card, a network interface card driver layer  12  may transfer (e.g., via direct memory access or “DMA”) a copy of such received data into a receive buffer  14  (e.g., a circular ring buffer) of memory  6 . A network interface card driver layer  12  may also copy the data of the received packet from receive buffer  14  into an Internet Protocol (IP) buffer  16  of memory  6 . In turn, an IP layer  18  may copy data to a Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and/or User Datagram Protocol (UDP) buffer  20  of memory  6  by stripping an IP header from the packet. A TCP/UDP layer  22  may copy data into a BIOS network protocol buffer  24  of memory  6  by stripping a TCP/UDP header from the remaining packet. A Common Internet File System (CIFS) and/or Network File System (NFS) file system network protocol layer  26  may perform another copy of data to a BIOS/UEFI application buffer  28  by stripping an application-level protocol header, leaving the payload of the packet remaining. Thus, up to five copies of the payload data may be made to transfer data from a network interface to BIOS/UEFI application buffer  28  for use by a BIOS at BIOS/UEFI application layer  30 . 
         [0005]    To move the data payload from BIOS/UEFI application layer  30  to storage resource  44 , BIOS/UEFI application layer  30  may first copy the data to a file system buffer  32 . BIOS file system layer  34  may then copy the data to a block sub-system buffer  36 . BIOS block sub-system layer  38  may in turn execute a cache flush to a storage driver buffer  40 . A storage device driver  42  may then write the payload to a storage resource  44  (e.g., using DMA). Thus, up to four copies of the payload data may be made to transfer data from BIOS/UEFI application layer  30  to storage resource  44 , for a total of nine copies of data to transfer the data from network  10  to storage resource  44 . These multiple copies may force a BIOS in pre-boot mode to degrade performance, especially when performing bulk image transfers such as in an operating system deployment, firmware update, or other large file transfers. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0006]    In accordance with the teachings of the present disclosure, the disadvantages and problems associated with file transfer in a boot mode of a basic input/output system may be substantially reduced or eliminated. 
         [0007]    In accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure, an information handling system may include a processor, a network interface communicatively coupled to the processor, a storage resource communicatively coupled to the processor, and a basic input/output system (BIOS) comprising a program of instructions executable by the processor and configured to cause the processor to initialize one or more information handling resources of the information handling system. The BIOS may be further configured to, during a pre-boot environment of the information handling system: receive a datagram at the network interface from a network communicatively coupled to the network interface; determine if a variable is set within a header of the datagram indicating that a data payload of the datagram is to be bypassed by at least a portion of a network stack and a storage stack of the BIOS; and responsive to determining the variable is set, bypass the data payload by at least a portion of the network stack and the storage stack of the BIOS. 
         [0008]    In accordance with these and other embodiments of the present disclosure, a method may include, during a pre-boot environment of an information handling system executed by a basic input/output system (BIOS) comprising a program of instructions executable by the processor and configured to cause the processor to initialize one or more information handling resources of the information handling system: receiving a datagram at a network interface of the information handling system from a network communicatively coupled to the network interface; determining if a variable is set within a header of the datagram indicating that a data payload of the datagram is to be bypassed by at least a portion of a network stack and a storage stack of the BIOS; and responsive to determining the variable is set, bypassing the data payload by at least a portion of the network stack and the storage stack of the BIOS. 
         [0009]    In accordance with these and other embodiments of the present disclosure, an article of manufacture may include a non-transitory computer readable medium; and computer-executable instructions carried on the computer readable medium, the instructions readable by a processor. The instructions, when read and executed, may causing the processor to, during a pre-boot environment of the information handling system executed by a basic input/output system (BIOS) comprising a program of instructions executable by the processor and configured to cause the processor to initialize one or more information handling resources of the information handling system: receive a datagram at a network interface of the information handling system from a network communicatively coupled to the network interface; determine if a variable is set within a header of the datagram indicating that a data payload of the datagram is to be bypassed by at least a portion of a network stack and a storage stack of the BIOS; and responsive to determining the variable is set, bypass the data payload by at least a portion of the network stack and the storage stack of the BIOS. 
         [0010]    Technical advantages of the present disclosure may be readily apparent to one skilled in the art from the figures, description and claims included herein. The objects and advantages of the embodiments will be realized and achieved at least by the elements, features, and combinations particularly pointed out in the claims. 
         [0011]    It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are examples and explanatory and are not restrictive of the claims set forth in this disclosure. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0012]    A more complete understanding of the present embodiments and advantages thereof may be acquired by referring to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numbers indicate like features, and wherein: 
           [0013]      FIG. 1  illustrates a block diagram of an example information handling system, in accordance with the present disclosure; 
           [0014]      FIG. 2  illustrates a diagram depicting transfer of data through a network stack and storage stack including bypassing of data by a BIOS payload synchronization engine, in accordance with the present disclosure; 
           [0015]      FIG. 3  illustrates an example IP packet, in accordance with the present disclosure; and 
           [0016]      FIG. 4  illustrates a diagram depicting transfer of data through a network stack and storage stack, as is known in the art. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0017]    Preferred embodiments and their advantages are best understood by reference to  FIGS. 1 through 3 , wherein like numbers are used to indicate like and corresponding parts. 
         [0018]    For the purposes of this disclosure, an information handling system may include any instrumentality or aggregate of instrumentalities operable to compute, classify, process, transmit, receive, retrieve, originate, switch, store, display, manifest, detect, record, reproduce, handle, or utilize any form of information, intelligence, or data for business, scientific, control, entertainment, or other purposes. For example, an information handling system may be a personal computer, a PDA, a consumer electronic device, a network storage device, or any other suitable device and may vary in size, shape, performance, functionality, and price. The information handling system may include memory, one or more processing resources such as a central processing unit (CPU) or hardware or software control logic. Additional components of the information handling system may include one or more storage devices, one or more communications ports for communicating with external devices as well as various input and output (I/O) devices, such as a keyboard, a mouse, and a video display. The information handling system may also include one or more buses operable to transmit communication between the various hardware components. 
         [0019]    For the purposes of this disclosure, computer-readable media may include any instrumentality or aggregation of instrumentalities that may retain data and/or instructions for a period of time. Computer-readable media may include, without limitation, storage media such as a direct access storage device (e.g., a hard disk drive or floppy disk), a sequential access storage device (e.g., a tape disk drive), compact disk, CD-ROM, DVD, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), and/or flash memory; as well as communications media such as wires, optical fibers, microwaves, radio waves, and other electromagnetic and/or optical carriers; and/or any combination of the foregoing. 
         [0020]    For the purposes of this disclosure, information handling resources may broadly refer to any component system, device or apparatus of an information handling system, including without limitation processors, buses, memories, I/O devices and/or interfaces, storage resources, network interfaces, motherboards, integrated circuit packages; electro-mechanical devices (e.g., air movers), displays, and power supplies. 
         [0021]      FIG. 1  illustrates a block diagram of an example information handling system  102 , in accordance with the present disclosure. In some embodiments, information handling system  102  may comprise a server chassis configured to house a plurality of servers or “blades.” In other embodiments, information handling system  102  may comprise a personal computer (e.g., a desktop computer, laptop computer, mobile computer, and/or notebook computer). In yet other embodiments, an information handling system  102  may be a portable computing device (e.g., a laptop, notebook, tablet, handheld, smart phone, personal digital assistant, etc.). In yet other embodiments, information handling system  102  may comprise a storage enclosure configured to house a plurality of physical disk drives and/or other computer-readable media for storing data. As shown in  FIG. 1 , information handling system  102  may comprise a processor  103 , a memory  104  communicatively coupled to processor  103 , a BIOS  105  communicatively coupled to processor  103 , a storage resource  106  communicatively coupled to processor  103 , and a network interface  108  communicatively coupled to processor  103  and a network  110 . 
         [0022]    Processor  103  may comprise any system, device, or apparatus operable to interpret and/or execute program instructions and/or process data, and may include, without limitation a microprocessor, microcontroller, digital signal processor (DSP), application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or any other digital or analog circuitry configured to interpret and/or execute program instructions and/or process data. In some embodiments, processor  103  may interpret and/or execute program instructions and/or process data stored in memory  104 , storage resource  106 , and/or another component of information handling system  102 . Memory  104  may be communicatively coupled to processor  103  and may comprise any system, device, or apparatus operable to retain program instructions or data for a period of time. Memory  104  may comprise random access memory (RAM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), a PCMCIA card, flash memory, magnetic storage, opto-magnetic storage, or any suitable selection and/or array of volatile or non-volatile memory that retains data after power to information handling system  102  is turned off. 
         [0023]    A BIOS  105  may include any system, device, or apparatus configured to identify, test, and/or initialize information handling resources of information handling system  102 , and/or initialize interoperation of information handling system  102  with other information handling systems. “BIOS” may broadly refer to any system, device, or apparatus configured to perform such functionality, including without limitation, a Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI). In some embodiments, BIOS  105  may be implemented as a program of instructions that may be read by and executed on processor  103  to carry out the functionality of BIOS  105 . In these and other embodiments, BIOS  105  may comprise boot firmware configured to be the first code executed by processor  103  when information handling system  102  is booted and/or powered on. As part of its initialization functionality, code for BIOS  105  may be configured to set components of information handling system  102  into a known state, so that one or more applications (e.g., an operating system or other application programs) stored on compatible media (e.g., disk drives) may be executed by processor  103  and given control of information handling system  102 . BIOS  105  may also be configured with functionality for receiving information from network  110  and storing such information in storage resource  106 . 
         [0024]    As shown in  FIG. 1 , BIOS  105  may include a payload synchronization engine  112 . Payload synchronization engine  112  may comprise a subset of instructions of BIOS  105  that may facilitate efficient transfer of data from network interface  108  to storage resource  106 . Functionality of payload synchronization engine  112  is described in greater detail below with respect to  FIG. 2 . 
         [0025]    Storage resource  106  may be communicatively coupled to processor  104  and may include any system, device, or apparatus operable to store information processed by processor  103 . Storage resource  106  may include, for example, one or more direct access storage devices (e.g., hard disk drives). Although storage resource  106  is shown as internal to information handling system  102  in  FIG. 1 , in some embodiments storage resource  106  may be external to information handling system  102 . 
         [0026]    In addition to processor  103 , memory  104 , BIOS  105 , storage resource  106 , and network interface  108 , information handling system  102  may include one or more other information handling resources. 
         [0027]      FIG. 2  illustrates a diagram depicting transfer of data through a network stack and storage stack  200  by BIOS  105  including bypassing of data by payload synchronization engine  112 , in accordance with the present disclosure. 
         [0028]    Upon receipt of a datagram (e.g., Ethernet frame, packet, etc.) at network interface  108  from network  110 , a network interface card driver  202  may write the datagram to a receive buffer  204  of memory  104  (e.g., via DMA). In turn, network interface card driver  202  may strip an Ethernet header from the datagram and copy the remaining IP packet to IP buffer  206  of memory  104 . 
         [0029]    After the packet has been buffered in IP buffer  206 , IP layer  208  may strip an IP header from the packet and examine the IP header to determine if a variable within the IP header indicates that payload synchronization engine  112  is to be used to bypass payload data of the packet through a portion of the network stack and storage stack  200 . In some embodiments, the variable may comprise a single bit within the IP header. To illustrate,  FIG. 3  depicts an example IP packet  300  including an IP header  302  and a payload  304 . As shown in  FIG. 3 , IP header  302  may include a flag bit  306  which may be used as the variable for indicating whether payload synchronization engine  112  is to be used to bypass payload data of the packet through a portion of the network stack and storage stack  200 . For example, if flag bit  306  is set to 0, it may indicate that payload synchronization engine  112  is not to be used to bypass payload data of the packet through a portion of the network stack and storage stack  200 . On the other hand, if flag bit  306  is set to 1, it may indicate that payload synchronization engine  112  is to be used to bypass payload data of the packet through a portion of the network stack and storage stack  200 . 
         [0030]    If the variable within IP header  302  indicates that payload synchronization engine  112  is to be used to bypass payload data of the packet through a portion of the network stack and storage stack  200 , IP layer  208  may retain payload  304  in IP buffer  206  and may pass the remaining packet minus IP header  302  and payload  304  to TCP/UDP buffer  210  of memory  104 . In doing so, IP layer  208  may validate IP header  302 , perform data checksums, and determine the the actual payload  304 . 
         [0031]    On the other hand, if the variable within IP header  302  indicates that payload synchronization engine  112  is to be used to bypass payload data of the packet through a portion of the network stack and storage stack  200 , IP layer may pass the entire packet minus IP header  302  to TCP/UDP buffer  210 , in accordance with standard practice known in the art, as described with respect to  FIG. 4 , in which case payload  304  may be copied at each level of network and storage stack  200 . The remainder of the discussion of  FIG. 2  focuses on functionality that occurs when the variable within IP header  302  indicates that payload synchronization engine  112  is to be used to bypass payload data of the packet through a portion of the network stack and storage stack  200 . 
         [0032]    After receipt of the remaining packet stripped of IP header  302  and payload  304 , TCP/UDP layer  212  may strip the TCP/UDP header and store the remaining packet in a BIOS network protocol buffer  214  of memory  104  by stripping a TCP/UDP header from the remaining packet. In doing so, TCP/UDP layer  212  may process timeouts, perform packet sequencing, and/or other tasks typically accomplished by TCP and/or UDP. A Common Internet File System (CIFS) and/or Network File System (NFS) file system network protocol layer  216  may in turn strip an application-level protocol header and store the remaining information in a BIOS/UEFI application buffer  218 . In doing so, such protocol layer  216  may validate the application-level protocol header and parameter block and may return the number of bytes received from the network minus bytes of payload  304 . 
         [0033]    In response to receiving a packet without a payload, BIOS/UEFI application layer  220  of BIOS  105  may signal payload synchronization engine  112  to take further action. In addition, BIOS/UEFI application layer  220  may communicate an open file request, so that a file may be opened in storage resource  106  to store payload  304 . 
         [0034]    With the open file request from BIOS/UEFI application layer  220 , BIOS  105  may trigger a file system later 222 to create a new inode by populating file attributes from the application-level protocol header, and obtains an allocation offset from a storage controller of storage resource  106  to store payload  304 . File system latter  222  may further signal payload synchronization module to storage driver buffer  224  of memory  104 . Storage device driver layer  226  may then store payload in storage  106  (e.g., via DMA). 
         [0035]    As is seen above, the above bypass procedure requires only four copies to transfer data from network  110  to storage resource  106 , which may thus reduce the number of copies made and increase overall throughput for bulk data transfers. Thus, whenever a large file transfer is to take place, a source of the data (e.g., a server coupled to information handling system  102  via network  110 ), may set the variable within IP header  302  to indicate that payload synchronization engine  112  is to be used to bypass payload data of the packet through a portion of the network stack and storage stack  200 . When receiving packets from network  110  at network interface  108 , IP layer  208  of BIOS  104  may check whether the variable has been set, and if set, payload  304  is retained at IP layer  208  and the remainder of the packet (headers without payload) are passed to upper layers of the network stack, and BIOS  105  may be configured (e.g., by means of vendor-specific library calls) to indicate to BIOS/UEFI application layer  220  that the data buffer may empty. 
         [0036]    As used herein, when two or more elements are referred to as “coupled” to one another, such term indicates that such two or more elements are in electronic communication or mechanical communication, as applicable, whether connected indirectly or directly, with or without intervening elements. 
         [0037]    This disclosure encompasses all changes, substitutions, variations, alterations, and modifications to the example embodiments herein that a person having ordinary skill in the art would comprehend. Similarly, where appropriate, the appended claims encompass all changes, substitutions, variations, alterations, and modifications to the example embodiments herein that a person having ordinary skill in the art would comprehend. Moreover, reference in the appended claims to an apparatus or system or a component of an apparatus or system being adapted to, arranged to, capable of, configured to, enabled to, operable to, or operative to perform a particular function encompasses that apparatus, system, or component, whether or not it or that particular function is activated, turned on, or unlocked, as long as that apparatus, system, or component is so adapted, arranged, capable, configured, enabled, operable, or operative. 
         [0038]    All examples and conditional language recited herein are intended for pedagogical objects to aid the reader in understanding the disclosure and the concepts contributed by the inventor to furthering the art, and are construed as being without limitation to such specifically recited examples and conditions. Although embodiments of the present disclosure have been described in detail, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions, and alterations could be made hereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure.