Abstract:
Tripeptide derivatives of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is a formyl group or a dimethoxymethyl group have antitumor and enzyme inhibition effects.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The present invention relates to novel tripeptide derivatives and more particularly relates to novel tripeptide derivatives having antitumor effect and enzyme inhibition effect. 
     2. Prior Art 
     Peptides having antitumor effect are reported in Japanese Patent Kokai Nos. 120559/1982, 192349/1982, 8826/1984, 112953/1984 and the like, and bestatin is a commercially available as a peptide at present. 
     On the other hand, leupeptin and E-64 in U.S. Pat. No. 3,911,111 are known as peptides having inhibition effect on cathepsin B. 
     Since malignant tumors have indefinite variety in nature, there is a need for the development of novel antitumor agents. 
     It is known that cathepsin B is a proteolytic enzyme implicated in bone metabolic disorders, lysosomal disease, muscular dystrophy and metastasis of cancer. However, since most of the prior art inhibitors of cathepsin B have also inhibiting activity to other proteolytic enzymes, there is a need for the development of substances having specific inhibition of cathepsin B. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     As a result of continuous research to obtain novel physiologically active substances from strains which are isolated from soil samples, the present inventors have found that the specific microorganism obtained by the present inventors produces substances having an inhibiting effect on the increase of cancer culture cells and a specific effect on cathepsin B. 
     An object of the present invention is to provide tripeptide derivatives of the formula ##STR2## wherein R is a formyl group or a dimethoxymethyl group. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 shows the IR spectrum of 1656B measured in a KBr pellet. 
     FIG. 2 shows the  1  H--NMR spectrum of 1656B measured in (CD 3 ) 2  SO (DMSO--d 6 ) at 400 MHz. 
     FIG. 3 shows the  13  C--NMR spectrum of 1656B measured in DMSO--d 6  at 100 MHz. 
     FIG. 4 shows the IR spectrum of 1656C measured in a KBr pellet. 
     FIG. 5 shows the  1  H--NMR spectrum of 1656C measured in DMSO--d 6  at 400 MHz. 
     FIG. 6 shows the  13  C--NMR spectrum of 1656C measured in DMSO--d 6  at 100 MHz. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     The strain being capable of producing the compounds of the present invention (hereinafter the compound of Formula I wherein R is a formyl group is referred to as &#34;1656B&#34;, and the compound of Formula I wherein R is a dimethoxymethyl group is referred as to &#34;1656C&#34;) was newly isolated from a soil sample collected by the present inventors at Kamigyo-ku Kyoto city, Japan, and has been deposited with Fermentation Research Institute, the Agency of Industrial Science and Technology under the name of &#34;Asperqillus species F1656&#34; with deposition number &#34;Ferm BP-1502&#34;. 
     The morphological properties of this strain are as follows: 
     (1) Morphology 
     This strain grows well on malt extract agar medium, potato-glucose agar medium and YpSs agar medium, and conidia also form well. At the stationary phase of the growth, the formation of ascocarp is observed on various media. Microscopic observation of colonies on potato-glucose agar medium is as follows: the hyphae are clear, septate and highly branched, the conidia stalks arise on the basal mycelium with branching, vary in size ranging 60-125μ×9μ×2.5μ and have smooth walls. The vesicles are flask-shaped and vary from 9.5 to 15μ in 
     position of about 1/2 the way along the length of the vesicles. The basal phialides are 5-6μ×2-3μ in diameter, and apical phialides are 5-7 μ×2-2.5μ in diameter. 
     One phialo-type conidium adheres first at the apex of the phialide, and in the course of cultivation, becomes chained to form short cylindrical condial heads of 5-100μ×30-40μ in length. By electron microscopic observation, the conidia are spherical in shape, 3-3.5μ in diameter, and from smooth to slightly rough in surface. 
     The ascogenesis is observed about 10 days after the cultivation. Dark reddish brown microfringed Hull cells form in the center of the medium or in the peripheral surface. These fringes consist of hall cells each covering one to two or more of closed ascocarps. The Hull cell is spherical in shape with thick wall, glass-like and 18-25μ in diameter. The closed ascocarps are from spherical to subspherical in shape with thick wall, almost colorless on the first day but turn into reddish violet and then black by the passage of time, and 150-250μ in diameter. The asci are from spherical to subspherical in shape, 8-12.5μ in diameter, and have 8 ascospores which are lens-shaped, reddish violet in color, 4.0-8.0μ in diameter, circularly peripheral and slightly recurved, and have regular pleats radiately. The lens is smooth surfaced. 
     (2) Properties on media 
     The cultivation was carried out on various media at 30° C. for 14 days, and the results of the macroscopic observation are shown in Table 1. 
     
                                           TABLE 1__________________________________________________________________________             Color of             Reverse Side                    Conidia      SolubleMedium  Growth of Medium             of Colonies                    Formation                          Color  Pigment__________________________________________________________________________Malt extract   good; 57 mm felt             pale brown                    moderate                          mustard                                 negativeagar mediumPotato-glucose   good; 57 mm snowy             dark brown                    good  pale green                                 negativeagar medium   crystallizedCzapek agar   moderate; 28 mm             creamy moderate                          ivory  pale purplemedium  feltSabouraud&#39;s   good; 60 mm             brown  good  cork-colored                                 negativeagar medium   vertically   wrinkled velvetyOatmeal agar   good; 50 mm             pale brown                    good  dark green                                 pale purplemedium  annual ring-   shapedSynthetic   moderate; 26 mm             pale brown                    good  mustard                                 negativemucor agar   feltmediumY.sub.p S.sub.s agar   good; 45 mm felt             orange good  dark green                                 negativemedium__________________________________________________________________________ Ascocarps are observed in all of the media at the stationary phase of the growth. 
    
     3. Physiological and Ecological Properties 
     (1) Optimum growth 
     Optimum growth of this strain is at pH 4.9 to 9.3 at 27° to 37° C. on a YpSs medium. 
     (2) Growth range: 
     Growth range of this strain is at pH 3.8 to 9.8 at 15° to 40° C. on a YpSs medium. 
     (3) Distinction between aerobic or anaerobic: aerobic 
     It is apparent from the above-mentioned morphological and properties on the cultivation that this strain belongs to genus Aspergillus. These properties were compared with those of many strains reported by Shun-ichi Udagawa and Keisuke Tsubaki in &#34;The Illustration of Fungi&#34; (1978), and by Raper and Fennell in &#34;The Genus Aspergillus&#34; (1965). As a result of the above, this strain was found to have the most similar properties to those of Asperqillus nidulans (Eidam)Wint. 
     However, this strain is slightly different from Asperqillus nidulans (Eidam)Wint described in the literature in the shape of the conidial surface, and therefore, this strain was of undetermined species, and was named as Asperqillus sp. F-1656. 
     The new tripeptide derivatives, 1656B and 1656C can be prepared by following procedures similar to those used for producing common fermentation products. 
     Namely, the Asperqillus sp. F-1656 strain is cultivated in medium containing various nutrient substances under aerobic conditions. 
     A liquid medium is mainly used, the carbon sources used for the medium are glucose, molasses, starch and the like, and they are used alone or in admixture. The nitrogen sources used are polypeptone, soybean meal, yeast extract and the like, and they are used alone or in admixture. Furthermore, if necessary, organic substances or inorganic salts can be used in order to aid the growth of the strain and to promote the formation of novel tripeptide derivatives, 1656B and 1656C. 
     Adekanol, silicone and the like can be used as the defoaming agents. 
     Preferred cultivations are aerobic cultivations such as shake cultivation and aerobic stirring cultivation at pH 3-7 at 25°-37° C. for 2-5 days, preferably at pH 6-7, at 28°-30° C. for 3-4 days. 
     Isolation of the tripeptide derivatives of Formula I thus obtained in the fermentation broth can be carried out according to an ordinary method by which the fermentation products are collected. Namely, after completion of the cultivation, the fermentation broth is collected by centrifugation or filtration, and the resulting culture filtrate is absorbed on Dia-ion HP-20 (trade name, Mitsubishi Chemical Industries Co.) and the like and eluted with a lower alcohol. The eluted fractions of the tripeptide derivatives of Formula I are concentrated, dissolved in a water-insoluble solvent such as ethyl acetate, chloroform and the like, and the solution is concentrated to give a syrup. The syrup is further dissolved in an organic solvent such as ethyl acetate, chloroform and the like, and the solution is subjected, in turn, to column chromatography using silica gel, gel filtration using Sephadex LH-20 (trade name, Pharmacia Co.) and column chromatography using Chromatorex (trade name, Fuji--Davison Co.) to collect the active components, thereby isolating the tripeptide derivatives of Formula I in each pure forms. 
     A novel tripeptide derivative 1656B obtained by the purification described above has the following physiochemical properties and structure assumed. 
     (1) Appearance: white powder. 
     (2) Melting point: 185°-186° C. 
     (3) Quantity analysis value 
     Cation FABMS spectrum: m/z 556 (M+H) 
     Anion FABMS spectrum: m/z 554 (M-H). 
     (4) High resolution mass FABMS spectrum: m/z 556 (M+H) m/z Found 556.3654 for C 27  H 50  N 5  O 7 , Calcd. 556.3598. 
     (5) Molecular formula: C 27  H 49  N 5  O 7 . 
     (6) [α] D   26  :-22.8 (c=0.1 methanol solution). 
     (7) UV absorption spectrum 
     When measured in an ethanol solution, an end absorption is indicated. 
     (8) IR absorption spectrum 
     A spectrum measured in a KBr tablet is shown in FIG. 1. 
     (9)  1  H NMR spectrum: 
     A spectrum measured in d 6  --DMSO at 400 MHz is shown in FIG. 2. 
     (10)  13  C NMR Spectrum: 
     A spectrum measured in d 6  --DMSO at 100 MHz is shown in FIG. 3. 
     (11) Solubility: 
     Easily soluble in methanol, acetic acid and DMSO. Poorly soluble in ethyl acetate, chloroform and acetone. Insoluble in n-hexane, petrolium ether, ethyl ether and water. 
     (12) Color reaction 
     Positive with iodide, Rydon-Smith, 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine (2,4-DNP), triphenyltetrazorium chloride (TTC). Negative with sulfuric acid, anisaldehyde-sulfuric acid, vanilin-sulfuric acid and ninhydrin. 
     (13) Distinction between basic, acidic and neutral: neutral. 
     (14) Structure ##STR3## 
     A novel tripeptide derivative 1656C has the following physiochemical properties. 
     (1) Appearance: white powder. 
     (2) Melting point: 220°-221° C. 
     (3) Quantity analysis value 
     Cation FABMS spectrum: m/z 602 (M+H) 
     Anion FABMS spectrum: m/z 600 (M-H). 
     (4) Elemental analysis: Found C: 57.90%, H: 9.15%, N: 11.64% for C 29  H 55  N 5  O 8  Calcd. C: 56.73%, H: 9.12%, N: 11.26%. 
     (5) Molecular formula; C 29  H 55  N 5  O 8 . 
     (6) [α] D   26  :-25.3 (c=0.1 methanol solution). 
     (7) UV absorption spectrum 
     When measured in an ethanol solution, an end absorption is indicated. 
     (8) IR absorption spectrum 
     A spectrum measured in a KBr tablet is shown in FIG. 4. 
     (9)  1  H NMR spectrum: 
     A spectrum measured in d 6  --DMSO at 400 MHz is shown in FIG. 5. 
     (10)  13  C NMR spectrum: 
     A spectrum measured in d 6  --DMSO at 100 MHz is shown in FIG. 6. 
     (11) Solubility: 
     Easily soluble in methanol, acetic acid and DMSO. Poorly soluble in ethyl acetate, chloroform and acetone. Insoluble in n-hexane, petroleum ether, ethyl ether and water. 
     (12) Color reaction 
     Positive with iodide, Rydon-Smith. Negative with sulfuric acid, anisaldehyde-sulfuric acid and ninhydrin. 
     (13) Distinction between basic, acidic and neutral: neutral 
     (14) Structure ##STR4## 
     Novel tripeptide compounds of the present invention inhibit growth of cancer culture cells, and have specific inhibition effect on cathepsin B, therefore, they are useful as antitumor agents, and drugs for bone metabolic disorder, lysosomal disease, muscular dystrophy and metastasis of cancer. For these purposes, these compounds alone or in admixture with pharmaceutically acceptable carriers can be administered orally or parenterally. Examples of the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier for oral administration are sugars (e.g., milk sugar, mannitol and the like), starches, crystalline cellulose, potassium citrate, potassium phosphite, gelatin, dextrin, methylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, stearic acid, magnesium stearate, calcium stearate, talc and the like. Examples of the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier for parenteral administration are vegetable oils, ethanol, propylene grycol, polyethylene glycols, cacao oil, laurin fat, glycerol and the like. 
     Dosage forms may be solid forms such as tablets, powders and capsules, and liquid forms such as solutions and suspensions. When administered parenterally, injectional preparations, dropping injectional preparations and supporsitories can be used. 
     Dosage amount of the compound of the present invention depends on the administration route, the kind and degree of diseases, and age, body weight and conditions of patient, but usually it is from 0.3-30 mg/kg, preferably 1-20 mg/kg for oral administration, 0.1-10 mg/kg, preferably 0.5-5 mg/kg for intravenous administration. 
     EXAMPLE 1 
     (Preparation of 1656B) 
     (1) Aspergillus species F1656 strain was inoculated into a sterilized liquid medium containing 4 g of glucose and 1 g of polypeptone per 100 ml and shake cultivation was carried out at 30° C. for 96 hours. Then, 0.6 l of the above fermentation broth was seeded into 30 l of a sterilized medium having the same components as those of seed cultivation using a 50 l jar fermentor, and fermentation was carried out under aerobic conditions at 30° C. for 72 hours. 
     (2) After completion of the fermentation, 85 l of the fermentation broth obtained using 3 jar fermentors was filtered out, and 80 l of the filtrate thus obtained was absorbed on 2.5 l of Dia-ion HP-20 (trade name, Mitsubishi Chemical Industries Co.) and eluted with 5 l of 75% methanol. The eluate was concentrated to a volume of 1 l, and the concentrate was extracted twice with an equal volume of ethyl acetate. The ethyl acetate layers obtained from the filtrate and the ethyl acetate layers obtained from the mycelium were combined, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated to give 12 g of a brown syrup. 
     (3) Twelve ml of the syrup was dissolved in 50 ml of methanol and subjected to gel filtration by methanol using a 2 l column packed with Sephadex LH-20 (trade name, Pharmacia Co.) prepared with methanol. The active fractions were collected to give 8 g of a light brown syrup. 
     (4) The light brown syrup in the above item was dissolved in 100 ml of chloroform-methanol (85:15), absorbed on a column packed with 200 ml of silica gel (Kieselgel-60, trade name, Merck Co.) prepared with chloroform-methanol (85:15) and washed with 400 ml of a mixture of chloroform and methanol (85:15). The fractions eluated with 600 ml of a mixture of chloroform and methanol (75:25) were combined and concentrated to dryness to give 700 mg of a crude powder. 
     (5) Seven hundred mg of the crude powder obtained in the above item was dissolved in 10 ml of mixture of methanol-water-trifluoroacetic acid (80:20:0.1), and applied to Chromatorex (trade name, Fuji-Davison Chemical Co.) prepared with a solvent having the same components as described above, and eluted with a solvent having the same components as described above. The resulting active fractions were collected and neutralized with 1N sodium hydroxide and concentrated to dryness to give 300 mg of a white powder. In 6 ml of methanol was dissolved the powder, and the solution was subjected to gel filtration by methanol using a Sephadex LH-20 column (trade name, Pharmacia Co.). The resulting active fractions were collected and concentrated to dryness to give 120 mg of white powders. As a result of measurement, the melting point of this white powder was 185°-186° C. 
     EXAMPLE 2 
     (Preparation of 1656C) 
     In 10 ml of a mixture of methanol-water obtained by the procedures of Example 1 (1)-(4), the solution was applied to Chromatorex (trade name, Fuji-Davison Chemical Co.) prepared with a solvent having the same components as described above, and eluted with a solvent having the same components as described above. The resulting active fractions were collected and concentrated to dryness to give 80 mg of a white powder, which was then dissolved in 10 ml of a mixture of methanol-water (80:20). The solution was applied to a reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (Develosil, 10 mm in diameter×25 cm long, Senshu Science Co.) at a column temperature of 40° C. and at a flow rate of 4 ml/minute, and eluted with 75% methanol. The elution was repeated, and the fractions having a retention time of about 14 minutes were collected and concentrated to dryness to give 35 mg of a white powder, which was then dissolved in 3 ml of methanol. The solution was subjected to gel filtration by methanol using Sephadex LH-20 (trade name, Pharmacia Co.). The resulting active fractions were collected and concentrated to dryness to give 30 mg of white powders. As a result of the measurement, the melting point of this powder was 220°-221° C. 
     EXAMPLE 3 
     A mixture of 6 g of 1656B, 90 g of milk sugar and 72.5 g of corn starch was granulated using 10 g of hydroxypropyl cellulose as a binding agent, 1.5 g of magnesium stearate was added, and then tablets each 8 mm in diameter and 180 mg in weight were prepared by means of a tablet machine. 
     EXAMPLE 4 
     Five g of 1656B and 95 g of corn starch were mixed well, and the mixture was sieved through a screen of 42 mesh to give powders. 
     EXAMPLE 5 
     To about 0.8 ml of injectional distilled water were added 5 g of 1656B and 40 g of D-sorbitol, and the mixture was stirred to give a solution, which was then added to distilled water to total volume of 1 l. The solution was filtered through a membrane filter of 0.22 μm in caliber, dispensed into 2 ml ampoules, sealed, sterilized by heating in a conventional manner to give an injectional preparation. 
     EXAMPLE 6 
     A mixture of 10 g of 1656C, 80 g of milk sugar and 73.5 g of corn starch was granulated using 5 g of hydroxypropyl cellulose as a binding agent, 1.5 g of magnesium stearate was added, and then tablets each 8 mm in diameter and 180 mg in weight were prepared by means of a tablet machine. 
     EXAMPLE 7 
     Ten g of 1656C and 90 g of corn starch were mixed well, and the mixture was sieved through a screen of 42 mesh to give powders. 
     EXPERIMENT 1 
     Multiplication inhibition effect of 1656B on various culture cells 
     (Test drugs) 
     In methanol was dissolved 10 mg of the white powder obtained in Example 1, and the solution was diluted with sterilized physiological saline solution to desired concentrations. 
     (Test cells) 
     (1) P-388 leukemia in mouse 
     (2) L-1210 leukemia in mouse 
     (3) YAC-1 leukemia in mouse 
     (4) HL-60 leukemia in human 
     (5) K-562 leukemia in human 
     (6) KB mouth cancer in human 
     (7) KATO-III gastric cancer in human 
     (Culture broth) 
     (1) RPMI-1640 medium 
     (2) Eagle MEM medium 
     (Test procedure) 
     2×10 4  -1×10 5  /ml of the above cancer cells in the fermentation broth were dispensed in 2 ml into 6-pitted petridishes whose pits were 35 mm in diameter. Each 50 μl of the test drugs which were previously diluted to the desired concentration was added to the test cells (1), (2), (3), (4) and (5) at the same time as starting the cultivation at 37° C. in 5% oxygen culture vials, and to test cells (6) and (7) one day after the same cultivation. 
     The test cells (1), (2), (3), (4) and (5) were incubated for 3-4 days, and the test cells (6) and (7) were incubated for 7 days. The survival cells were counted, and the IC 50  values (concentration to require to 50% inhibitinn) were cultured from the concentration of the test solution and the inhibition rate. 
     (Results) 
     The results were shown in Table 2. 
     
                       TABLE 2______________________________________cell         IC.sub.50 value (μg/ml)______________________________________P-388        0.44L-1210       0.80YAC-1        0.14HL-60        0.08K-562        0.14KB           0.36KATO-III     0.89______________________________________ 
    
     EXPERIMENT 2 
     (Antitumor effect of 1656B on P-388 leukemia in mouse) 
     (Test drug) 
     In 0.5% gum arabic/sterilized physiological saline was suspended 10 mg of the white powder obtained in Example 1 to desired concentration. 
     (Test animals) 
     Eight female CDF 1  mice, 6 weeks old, were used for each group. Twenty animals were used for control group. 
     (Test procedure) 
     Female CDF 1  mice were intraperitoneally transplanted with 1×10 5  cells of P-388 per mouse. From the day after transplantation, 0.2 ml of a suspension of the test drug adjusted to the desired concentration was administered intraperitoneally once a day, for 5 days. 
     The effect of increasing lifespan was evaluated by calculated according to the criterion of the National Cancer Institute of the United States (NCI). The value of T/C×100 (%) was calculated from the median survival times for the treated animals (T) and the control animals (C). 
     (Results) 
     The results were shown in Table 3. 
     
                       TABLE 3______________________________________   dose T/C (%)______________________________________   50    33   12.5 144   3.13 121______________________________________ 
    
     EXPERIMENT 3 
     Multiplication inhibition effect of 1656C on various culture cells 
     (Test drugs) 
     In methanol was dissolved 10 mg of the white powder obtained in Example 2, and the solution was diluted with sterilized physiological saline solution to desired concentrations. 
     (Test cells) 
     (1) HL-60 leukemia in mouse 
     (2) K-562 leukemia in human 
     (3) KB mouth cancer in human 
     (Culture broth) 
     (1) RPMI-1640 medium 
     (2) Eagle MEM medium 
     (Test procedure) 
     2×10 4  -1×10 5  /ml of the above cancer cells in RPMI-1640 medium were dispensed in 2 ml into 6-pitted petridishes whose pits were 35 mm in diameter. Each 50 μl of the test drugs which were previously diluted to the desired concentration was added to the test cells (1) and (2) at the same time as starting the cultivation at 37° C. in 5% oxygen culture vials, and to test cells (3) one day after the same cultivation. The test cells (1) and (2) were incubated at 37° C. in 5% oxygen culture vials for 3-4 days, and the test cells (3) were similarly incubated for 7 days. The survival cells were counted and the IC 50  values (concentration to require to 50% inhibition) were calculated from the concentration of the test solution and the inhibition rate. 
     (Results) 
     The results were shown in Table 4. 
     
                       TABLE 4______________________________________cell        IC.sub.50 value (μg/ml)______________________________________HL-60       0.16K-562       2.06KB          0.12______________________________________ 
    
     EXPERIMENT 4 
     (Inhibition activity against cathepsin B) 
     The test was carried out according to the method of A. J. Barrett and H. Kireschke described in &#34;Methods in Enzymology&#34;, vol. 80, pages 535-561 (1981), Academic Press (New York). 
     To 0.25 ml of 0.4M--phosphoric acid buffer (pH=6.0) containing 8 mM--dithiothreitol and 4 mM-EDTA was added 0.5 ml of a solution of 10-100 ng of cathepsin B in 0.1% Briji 35, and then 10 mg/ml of dimethylsulfoxide solution of 1656B or 1656C was added to the desired concentration and incubated at 37° C. for 5 minutes. 
     Subsequently, Z-Phe-Arg-NMec was added and the mixture was allowed to react for 10 minutes, after which 0.1 M--acetic acid buffer (pH=4.3) containing 1 ml of 100 mM--sodium monochloroacetate was added to stop the reaction. 
     The inhibition concentration was determined by measurement of the free aminomethylcoumarin using a fluorescent photometer. 
     (Result) 
     The results are shown in Table 5. 
     
                       TABLE 5______________________________________Compound        1656B   1656C______________________________________ID.sub.50       0.5     0.8______________________________________ 
    
     EXPERIMENT 5 (Acute toxicity test) 
     Ten male ICR strain mice, 5 weeks old, weighing about 20 g, were used for each group. Ten animals were also used for a control group. 1656B and 1656C were each dissolved or suspended in physiological saline to prepare the desired concentrations (1, 3, 9 and 27 mg/kg) of the test drugs. Physiological saline was only used for control. Each concentration of the test drug was administered peritoneally to mice once, and observation was continued for 7 days to determine 50% lethal dose (LD 50  value) according to the method of Litchfield-Wilcoxon. As the results, LD 50  values of 1656B and 1656C were each 30 mg/kg or more.