Abstract:
In a method of multiple-bit programming of a three-dimensional memory device having arrays of memory cells that extend in horizontal and vertical directions relative to a substrate, the method comprises first programming a memory cell to be programmed to one among a first set of states. At least one neighboring memory cell that neighbors the memory cell to be programmed to one among the first set of states is then first programmed. Following the first programming of the at least one neighboring memory cell, second programming the memory cell to be programmed to one among a second set of states, wherein the second set of states has a number of states that is greater than the number of states in the first set of states.

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. 119 to Korean Patent Application No 10-2009-0038735, filed on May 1, 2009, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 
       BACKGROUND 
       [0002]    With the continued emphasis on highly integrated electronic devices, there is an ongoing need for semiconductor memory devices that operate at higher speed and lower power and have increased device density. To accomplish this, devices with aggressive scaling and multiple-layered devices with transistor cells arranged in horizontal and vertical arrays have been under development. As a result of such increased device density, there is a continuing need for device packages that can support increased device pinout and can support signal transfer at ever-faster exchange rates. 
         [0003]    A typical semiconductor device comprises a semiconductor chip, or integrated circuit, that is mounted to a multiple-layered package substrate. The chip is bonded to the substrate using wire bonding, or recently, using flip-chip bonding. Package leads in the form of wire leads or ball matrix leads provide an interface between the chip package and external circuitry. Power signals, ground signals, data signals and control signals are routed between the chip and the package leads via the wire/flip-chip bonding interface and via the package substrate. 
         [0004]    With increased device density and increased operating frequencies, a number of problems can be introduced by the semiconductor device package, including crosstalk between neighboring wire/flip-chip bonding interfaces and between neighboring layers of the substrate. As devices continue to become reduced in size due to further integration, there is an increased likelihood of interference in the device package during operation, which can lead to reduced device reliability. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0005]    Embodiments of the present inventive concept are directed to systems and methods that address and overcome the limitations of the conventional methods. Further, embodiments of the present invention are directed to a semiconductor package configuration that provides enhanced isolation between bonding regions of the substrate, and offering enhanced capacitance between power planes of the substrate. As a result, interference and crosstalk between voltage signals during high-frequency operation is mitigated or eliminated. 
         [0006]    In one aspect, embodiments of the inventive concepts are directed to a semiconductor chip carrier, comprising: multiple conductive layers separated from each other by dielectric layers; a chip bonding position at an intermediate portion of a top surface of the semiconductor chip carrier; 
         [0007]    and a bonding region spaced apart from the chip bonding position, the bonding region being positioned on an upper conductive layer of the multiple conductive layers. The bonding region comprises: a first bonding region closest to the chip bonding position; a second bonding region most distant from the chip bonding position; and a third bonding region positioned between the first bonding region and the second bonding region. The first bonding region, the second bonding region and the third bonding region are electrically insulated from each other and the first bonding region is configured to carry a first voltage, the second bonding region is configured to carry a second voltage and the third bonding region is configured to carry a third voltage that is less than the first voltage and less than the second voltage. 
         [0008]    In one embodiment, the first voltage comprises an internal voltage level, the second voltage comprises an external voltage level, and the third voltage comprises a ground reference level. 
         [0009]    In another embodiment, a lower conductive layer of the multiple conductive layers comprises a plurality of package lead bonding regions. 
         [0010]    In another embodiment, a second conductive layer neighboring the upper conductive layer in a vertical direction of the chip carrier comprises a conductive plane that is configured to carry the third voltage; and a third conductive layer neighboring the second conductive layer opposite the upper conductive layer in the vertical direction comprises a conductive plane that is configured to carry at least one of the first and second voltages. 
         [0011]    In another embodiment, the semiconductor chip carrier further comprises first conductive vias that pass through the second conductive layer and are electrically insulated from the second conductive layer that are configured to carry at least one of the first voltage and the second voltage from the third conductive layer to the upper conductive layer. 
         [0012]    In another embodiment, a fourth conductive layer neighboring the third conductive layer opposite the second conductive layer in the vertical direction comprises a conductive plane that is configured to carry the third voltage. 
         [0013]    In another embodiment, the semiconductor chip carrier further comprises second conductive vias that pass through the third conductive layer and are electrically insulated from the third conductive layer that are configured to carry the third voltage from the fourth conductive layer to the second conductive layer. In another embodiment, the fourth conductive layer comprises a lowermost conductive layer of the multiple conductive layers, the lowermost conductive layer comprising a plurality of package lead bonding regions. 
         [0014]    In another embodiment, the second conductive layer comprises first and second portions that are electrically insulated from each other, and the first portion is configured to carry the third voltage and wherein the second portion is configured to carry a fourth voltage, wherein the third voltage is less than the fourth voltage. 
         [0015]    In another embodiment, the semiconductor chip carrier further comprises a plurality of signal bonding regions positioned on the upper conductive layer, the signal bonding regions being more distant from the chip bonding position than the second bonding region. 
         [0016]    In another embodiment, the semiconductor chip carrier further comprises a wire-bond-type semiconductor chip mounted at the chip bonding position and further comprises: first bonding wires connecting first chip bonding pads of the semiconductor chip to the first bonding region; second bonding wires connecting second chip bonding pads of the semiconductor chip to the second bonding region; and third bonding wires connecting third chip bonding pads of the semiconductor chip to the third bonding region; wherein the third bonding wires are positioned between the first bonding wires and the second bonding wires. 
         [0017]    In another embodiment, the third bonding wires operate as a signal interference shield between the first voltage present on the first bonding wires and the second voltage present on the second bonding wires. 
         [0018]    In another embodiment, a lower conductive layer of the multiple conductive layers comprises a plurality of package lead bonding regions, wherein: a first set of the package lead bonding regions are coupled to the first bonding region; a second set of the package lead bonding regions are coupled to the second bonding region; a third set of the package lead bonding regions are coupled to the third bonding region; wherein the third set of the package lead bonding regions are positioned between the first set of the package lead bonding regions and the second set of the package lead bonding regions. 
         [0019]    In another embodiment, the first bonding region covers the chip bonding position so that an underside of a chip mounted to the semiconductor chip carrier makes electrical contact with the first bonding region. 
         [0020]    In another embodiment, at least one of the first bonding region, the second bonding region and the third bonding region has an exposed upper surface that comprises a conductive ring that surrounds the chip bonding position. 
         [0021]    In another embodiment, at least one of the first bonding region, the second bonding region and the third bonding region is recessed relative to the top surface of the semiconductor chip carrier. 
         [0022]    In another embodiment, at least one of the first bonding region, the second bonding region and the third bonding region has a top surface that comprises a segmented conductive ring that surrounds the chip bonding position. 
         [0023]    In another embodiment, at least one of the first bonding region, the second bonding region and the third bonding region has a top surface that comprises a conductive segment that lies at one or more sides of the chip bonding position, but does not surround the chip bonding position. 
         [0024]    In another embodiment, at least one of the first bonding region, the second bonding region and the third bonding region has a top surface that comprises discrete conductive segments that each provide a single bonding location for bonding a chip to the semiconductor chip carrier. 
         [0025]    In another embodiment, the discrete conductive segments of the at least one bonding region include a first set of conductive segments and a second set of conductive segments, that are horizontally offset from each other, relative to the chip bonding position. 
         [0026]    In another embodiment, at least one of the first bonding region, the second bonding region and the third bonding region extends in a linear direction. 
         [0027]    In another embodiment, at least one of the first bonding region, the second bonding region and the third bonding region extends along a curved direction. 
         [0028]    In another aspect of the present inventive concepts, a semiconductor chip carrier comprises: multiple conductive layers separated from each other by dielectric layers. The multiple conductive layers in turn comprise: a first conductive layer having a chip bonding position and bonding regions, the bonding regions comprising a first bonding region, a second bonding region, and a third bonding region electrically insulated from each other; wherein the first bonding region is closest in proximity among the bonding regions to a center of the chip bonding position, the second bonding region is more distant from the chip bonding position than the first bonding region, and the third bonding region is more distant from the chip bonding position than the second bonding region; and wherein the first bonding region is configured to carry a first voltage, the second bonding region is configured to carry a second voltage, and the third bonding region is configured to carry a third voltage; a second conductive layer neighboring the first conductive layer in a vertical direction of the chip carrier, the second conductive layer configured to carry the second voltage; a third conductive layer neighboring the second conductive layer opposite the first conductive layer in the vertical direction, the third conductive layer configured to carry the third voltage; and a fourth conductive layer neighboring the third conductive layer opposite the second conductive layer in the vertical direction, the fourth conductive layer configured to carry the second voltage. 
         [0029]    In one embodiment, the first voltage is a first power voltage, the second voltage is a ground voltage, and the third voltage is a second power voltage. 
         [0030]    In another embodiment, the first conductive layer further comprises a power plane. 
         [0031]    In another embodiment, the second conductive layer further comprises a ground plane. 
         [0032]    In another embodiment, the third conductive layer further comprises at least a power plane. 
         [0033]    In another embodiment, the fourth conductive layer further comprises lead pads comprising a first lead pad, a second lead pad, and a third lead pad electrically insulated from each other; wherein the first lead pad is closest in proximity among the lead pads to a corresponding position on the fourth conductive layer that corresponds, in the vertical direction, to a center of the chip bonding position, the second lead pad is more distant from the corresponding position on the fourth conductive layer than the first lead pad, and the third lead pad is more distant from the corresponding position on the fourth conductive layer than the second lead pad; and wherein the first lead pad is configured to carry the first voltage, the second lead pad is configured to carry the second voltage, and the third lead pad is configured to carry the third voltage. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0034]    The foregoing and other objects, features and advantages of the embodiments of the invention will be apparent from the more particular description of preferred embodiments of the inventive concept, as illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which like reference characters refer to the same parts throughout the different views. The drawings are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon illustrating the principles of the inventive concept. In the drawings: 
           [0035]      FIG. 1  is a cross-sectional diagram of a device package in accordance with an embodiment of the present inventive concepts. 
           [0036]      FIG. 2  is a cross-sectional diagram of a device package in accordance with another embodiment of the present inventive concepts. 
           [0037]      FIGS. 3A-3I  are perspective views of different types of device packages in accordance with various embodiments of the present inventive concepts. 
           [0038]      FIGS. 4A and 4B  are close-up cross-sectional illustrations of the substrate configuration, in accordance with embodiments of the present inventive concepts. 
           [0039]      FIG. 5A  is plan view of the first conductive layer of the embodiment of the substrate of  FIG. 4A , in accordance with an embodiment of the present inventive concepts.  FIG. 5B  is plan view of the first conductive layer of the embodiment of the substrate of  FIG. 4A , in accordance with another embodiment of the present inventive concepts. 
           [0040]      FIG. 6A  is a plan view of the second conductive layer of the embodiment of the substrate of  FIG. 4A , in accordance with another embodiment of the present inventive concepts.  FIG. 6B  is a close-up cross-sectional view of the third vertical interconnect that connects the third substrate bonding pad to the conductive plane of the second conductive layer of the substrate.  FIG. 6C  is a close-up plan view of the first and second vertical interconnects that are insulated from the conductive plane of the second conductive layer of the substrate. 
           [0041]      FIG. 7  is a plan view of the third conductive layer of the embodiment of the substrate of  FIG. 4A , in accordance with another embodiment of the present inventive concepts. 
           [0042]      FIG. 8  is a plan view of the fourth conductive layer of the embodiment of the substrate of  FIG. 4A , in accordance with another embodiment of the present inventive concepts. 
           [0043]      FIG. 9A  is a plan view of an underside of the substrate of  FIG. 4A , following application of the solder ball pads, in accordance with another embodiment of the present inventive concepts.  FIG. 9B  is a close-up cross-sectional view of the fourth conductive layer and solder ball pads, in accordance with another embodiment of the present inventive concepts. 
           [0044]      FIG. 10A  is a plan view of the third conductive layer of the embodiment of the substrate of  FIG. 4A , in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the present inventive concepts.  FIG. 10B  is a close-up cross-sectional illustration of the substrate configuration of  FIG. 10A , taken along section line C-C′ of  FIG. 10A . 
           [0045]      FIG. 11A-11D  illustrate various embodiments of the package lead pad matrix, in accordance with the present inventive concepts 
           [0046]      FIG. 12  is a block diagram of a memory card that comprises a semiconductor device in accordance with the embodiments of the present invention. 
           [0047]      FIG. 13  is a block diagram of a memory system that employs a memory module, for example, of the type described herein. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS 
       [0048]    Embodiments of the present inventive concept will now be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which preferred embodiments of the invention are shown. This invention may, however, be embodied in different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Like numbers refer to like elements throughout the specification. 
         [0049]    It will be understood that, although the terms “first”, “second”, etc. are used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a “first” element could be termed a “second” element, and, similarly, a “second” element could be termed a “first” element, without departing from the scope of the present invention. As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. 
         [0050]    It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being “on” or “connected” or “coupled” to another element, it can be directly on or connected or coupled to the other element or intervening elements can be present. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being “directly on” or “directly connected” or “directly coupled” to another element, there are no intervening elements present. Other words used to describe the relationship between elements should be interpreted in a like fashion (e.g., “between” versus “directly between,” “adjacent” versus “directly adjacent,” etc.). When an element is referred to herein as being “over” another element, it can be over or under the other element, and either directly coupled to the other element, or intervening elements may be present, or the elements may be spaced apart by a void or gap. 
         [0051]    The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the singular forms “a,” “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises,” “comprising,” “includes” and/or “including,” when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. 
         [0052]      FIG. 1  is a cross-sectional diagram of a device package in accordance with an embodiment of the present inventive concepts. The cross-section of  FIG. 1  is taken, for example, across section line B-B′ of  FIGS. 3A  or  3 B. A device package typically includes a semiconductor chip  100  that is bonded to a substrate  200 . The substrate  200  is often referred to as a “Printed Circuit Board” (PCB). The substrate  200  commonly includes multiple conductive layers  105  that route power signals, ground signals, data signals, and control signals between package leads  840 ,  850 ,  860 ,  870  and substrate bonding pads  210 ,  220 ,  230 ,  240 . The multiple conductive layers  105  of the substrate  200  are electrically insulated from each other by insulative layers  106   a,    106   b,    106   c  and signal pathways are routed in vertical and horizontal directions through the insulative layers  106   a,    106   b,    106   c  to provide an interconnect for the signals. In this example, the multiple conductive layers  105  include first through fourth conductive layers  400 ,  500 ,  600 ,  700 . A layer of solder resist  300  may be disposed on the first conductive layer  400  and may expose the bonding pads  210 ,  220 ,  230 ,  240  at openings  235 . In this example, first vertical interconnects  540 ,  950  connect first substrate bonding pads  210  to first package leads  840 , second vertical interconnects  560 ,  960  connect second substrate bonding pads  230  to second package leads  860 , third vertical interconnects  650 ,  910  connect third substrate bonding pads  220  to third package leads  850 , and fourth vertical interconnects  970  connect fourth substrate bonding pad  240  to fourth package leads  870 . 
         [0053]    Contemporary semiconductor chips require a plurality of voltage levels for proper operation. These can include a ground level, or VSS, an internal power level, or VDDI, and an external power level, or VDDE. In an example embodiment, VSS can have a voltage level of 0 V, VDDI can have a voltage level of 1.2 V and VDDE can have a voltage level of 1.8 V or 3.3 V. Other voltage levels for GND, VDDI and VDDE are equally applicable to the present inventive concepts. 
         [0054]    The substrate bonding pads  210 ,  220 ,  230 ,  240  can be formed of a top, or first, conductive layer  400  of the substrate  200 . As shown in  FIGS. 1 ,  3 A,  3 B and  3 E through  3 I, bonding wires  160 ,  170 ,  180 ,  190  can be used to connect chip bonding pads  102  of the chip  100  to the substrate bonding pads  210 ,  220 ,  230 ,  240  according to wire bonding techniques. In one embodiment, the substrate bonding pads  210 ,  220 ,  230 , used for power and ground signals can each comprise a plurality of discrete pads that are separated from each other in a horizontal direction. In another embodiment, the substrate bonding pads  210 ,  220 ,  230  used for power and ground signals transfer can each comprise regions that extend in a horizontal direction and are generally linear in shape. In some embodiments, the regions can be segmented about the perimeter of the chip  100 . In other embodiments, the segments can be parallel to one or more edges of the chip  100  and not surround the entire perimeter. In other embodiments, the regions can be joined to form rings that connect to surround the chip  100 . The term “bonding pads”, as used herein in connection with the substrate bonding pads, and, in particular, the substrate bonding pads used for power transfer  210 ,  220 ,  230 , is used herein to include all of the types of substrate bonding pad configurations including discrete bonding pads, bonding pad regions, segmented bonding pad regions, ring-shaped bonding pad regions, linear-shaped bonding pad regions and non-linear-shaped bonding pad regions. 
         [0055]      FIG. 2  is a cross-sectional diagram of a device package in accordance with another embodiment of the present inventive concepts. The cross-section of  FIG. 2  is taken, for example, across section line B-B′ of  FIGS. 3C  or  3 D. In the embodiment of  FIG. 2 , the substrate  200  is substantially similar in configuration to the substrate of the embodiment of  FIG. 1 . In  FIG. 2 , however, one difference lies in that the chip  100  is of a flip-chip type that is bonded to the underlying substrate  200  using chip bonding bumps  110   a,    120   a,    130   a,    140   a.  In the flip-chip embodiment, the chip bonding bumps  110   a,    120   a,    130   a,    140   a  are positioned on the underside of the chip  100 , or on the upper portion of the substrate  200 , to provide for electrical bonding between the chip  100  and the substrate  200 . The flip-chip arrangement allows for a reduction in area occupied by the substrate  200 , relative to the wire-bond arrangement. 
         [0056]      FIGS. 3A-3I  are perspective views of different types of device packages in accordance with various embodiments of the present inventive concepts. 
         [0057]    Referring to  FIG. 3A , it can be seen in this embodiment, that the substrate bonding pads  210 ,  220 ,  230 ,  240  are on a top surface of the substrate  200 . Referring to  FIGS. 1 and 3A , the top, or first, conductive layer  400  from which the substrate bonding pads  210 ,  220 ,  230 ,  240  are patterned is disposed on the insulative layer  106   a.  It can also be seen that the first through third substrate bonding pads  210 ,  220 ,  230  comprise bonding regions in the shape of bonding rings that surround the bonding region of the chip  100 . Also, it can be seen that the fourth substrate bonding pads  240  comprise discrete bonding pads that are formed separately from each other. 
         [0058]    Referring to  FIG. 3B , it can be seen that this embodiment is similar to the embodiment of  FIG. 3A . Referring again to  FIG. 1 , the embodiment according to the  FIG. 3B  further comprises a layer of solder resist  300 . The layer of solder resist  300  may be disposed on the first conductive layer  400  and includes patterned openings that expose the bonding pads  210 ,  220 ,  230 ,  240 . As a result, the bonding pads  210 ,  220 ,  230 ,  240  are recessed below the top surface of the layer of solder resist  300 . 
         [0059]    Referring to  FIG. 3C , it can be seen that this embodiment is similar to the embodiment of  FIG. 3A , one exception lying in that the chip  100  in this embodiment is a flip-chip style chip, and therefore, the chip  100  is bonded directly to the substrate  200  at the bonding bumps  110   a,    120   a,    130   a,    140   a.    
         [0060]    Referring to  FIG. 3D , it can be seen that this embodiment is similar to the embodiment of  FIG. 3C , one exception lying in that the substrate bonding pads  210 ,  220 ,  230 ,  240  are not on a top surface of the substrate  200 , but rather are recessed below the upper surface of the substrate  200 , as in the embodiment of  FIG. 3B . 
         [0061]    Referring to  FIG. 3E , it can be seen that this embodiment is similar to the embodiment of  FIG. 3A , an exception lying in that the substrate bonding pads related to power transfer  210 ,  220 ,  230  comprise segmented bonding regions. 
         [0062]    Referring to  FIG. 3F , it can be seen that this embodiment is similar to the embodiment of  FIG. 3A , an exception lying in that the substrate bonding pads related to power transfer  210 ,  220 ,  230  comprise bonding regions that lie at only two sides of the chip  100 . 
         [0063]    Referring to  FIG. 3G , it can be seen that this embodiment is similar to the embodiment of  FIG. 3A , an exception lying in that the substrate bonding pads related to power transfer  210 ,  220 ,  230  comprise discrete bonding pads that are generally arranged in linear rows. 
         [0064]    Referring to  FIG. 3H , it can be seen that this embodiment is similar to the embodiment of  FIG. 3A , an exception lying in that the substrate bonding pads related to power transfer  210 ,  220 ,  230  comprise discrete bonding pads that are generally arranged in linear rows with alternating pads of each linear row being offset in a horizontal direction. 
         [0065]    Referring to  FIG. 31 , it can be seen that this embodiment is similar to the embodiment of  FIG. 3A , an exception lying in that the substrate bonding pads related to power transfer  210 ,  220 ,  230  comprise bonding regions that are curved and non-linear. 
         [0066]    In one embodiment, a chip bonding region at which a chip  100  is positioned is defined for a substrate. A bonding region comprises a first bonding region, a second bonding region and a third bonding region. Referring to the embodiments of FIGS.  12  and  3 A- 3 I, the first bonding region that is closest to a center of the chip bonding region among the first, second and third bonding regions is configured to carry a first voltage. In one embodiment, the first bonding region comprises substrate bonding ring  210  that surrounds the chip  100 , and carries one of the VDDI and VDDE voltages. A second bonding region that is most distant the chip bonding region among the first, second and third bonding regions is configured to carry a second voltage. In one embodiment, the second bonding region comprises substrate bonding ring  230  that surrounds the chip  100 , and carries the other one of the VDDI and VDDE voltages. A third bonding region is positioned between the first bonding region and the second bonding region and is configured to carry a third voltage that is less than the first voltage and the second voltage. In one embodiment, the third bonding region comprises substrate bonding ring  220  that is positioned, in a horizontal direction of the substrate, between the first substrate bonding ring  210  and the second substrate bonding ring  230 , and carries the GND voltage. Signal bonding regions  240  are positioned beyond the second bonding region  230  for transferring data and control signals between the chip  100  and the substrate  200 . 
         [0067]    In the present example embodiments of the inventive concepts, the third bonding region is positioned in the substrate between the first bonding region and the second bonding region. In one example, the VSS, or ground, bonding region is positioned between the VDDI bonding region and the VDDE bonding region. As a result, the bonding wire  170  coupled to the third substrate bonding ring  220  operates as a ground shield between the bonding wire  160  coupled to the first substrate bonding ring  210  carrying the VDDI voltage and the bonding wire  180  coupled to the second substrate bonding ring  230  carrying the VDDE voltage. Thus, the bonding wire  170  operates effectively as a ground shield between the bonding wire  160  and the bonding wire  180 , thereby further mitigating or preventing crosstalk between the VDDI and the VDDE voltage signals during high-frequency operation of the device. 
         [0068]    In addition, in certain embodiments of the present inventive concepts, the substrate  200  is configured so that the first vertical interconnects  540 ,  950  are positioned to transfer the voltage applied to the first package leads  840  in a generally vertical direction to the first substrate bonding ring  210 . In this example, since the VDDI voltage is to be applied to the first substrate bonding ring  210 , the first package leads  840  are referenced as “I”. Further, the second vertical interconnects  560 ,  960  are positioned to transfer the voltage applied to the second package leads  860  in a generally vertical direction to the second substrate bonding ring  230 . In this example, since the VDDE voltage is to be applied to the second substrate bonding ring  230 , the second package leads  860  are referenced as “E”. Further, the third vertical interconnects  650 ,  910  are positioned to transfer the voltage applied to the third package leads  850  in a generally vertical direction to the third substrate bonding ring  220 . In this example, since the VSS, or ground, voltage is to be applied to the third substrate bonding ring  220 , the third package leads  850  are referenced as “G”. 
         [0069]      FIGS. 4A and 4B  are close-up cross-sectional illustrations of the substrate  200  configuration, in accordance with embodiments of the present inventive concepts. The close-up cross-sectional views of  FIGS. 4A and 4B  correspond to the region “A”, outlined in the embodiment of  FIG. 3B . In this illustration, it can be seen that the first conductive layer  400  includes the first substrate bonding ring  210  for carrying the VDDI voltage, the second substrate bonding ring  230  for carrying the VDDE voltage, and the third substrate bonding ring  220  for carrying the GND voltage. It can also be seen in this illustration that the second conductive layer  500  generally comprises a ground plane for carrying the GND voltage. It can also be seen in this illustration that the third conductive layer  600  generally comprises a power plane for carrying the VDDI voltage, at a first inner region  610   a  of the third conductive layer  600 , and a power plane for carrying the VDDE voltage, at a second inner region  620   a  of the third conductive layer  600 . It can also be seen in this illustration that the fourth conductive layer  700  generally comprises a contact plane at which the first, second and third package leads  840 ,  860 ,  850 , in this case solder balls, are connected. A majority of the fourth conductive layer  700  comprises a power plane for carrying the GND voltage. 
         [0070]    As described above, the spaces between the first, second, third and fourth conductive layers  400 ,  500 ,  600 ,  700  comprise insulative layers  106   a,    106   b,    106   c,  for example comprising dielectric material. As a result, and because the power and ground planes alternate in the vertical direction of the substrate  200 , capacitance is present in a vertical direction between the first and second conductive layers  400 ,  500 , between the second and third conductive layers  500 ,  600 , and between the third and fourth conductive layers  600 ,  700 , as shown in the conceptual cross-sectional illustration  FIG. 4B . This capacitance is enhanced by forming the majority of the first conductive layer  400  to be the power plane for carrying the VDDI voltage and the majority of the fourth conductive layer  700  to be the ground plane for carrying the GND voltage, in this example embodiment. Since the ground plane is positioned between the power planes, interference or crosstalk between the first power signal VDDI and the second power signal VDDE is greatly reduced in the substrate. 
         [0071]    Further, since the second conductive layer  500  in this example embodiment is a ground plane for carrying the GND voltage, and since it is positioned vertically between the first and third conductive layers  400 ,  600 , which are power planes for carrying the first power voltage VDDI and the second power signal VDDE respectively, capacitance is further increased between these power planes VDDI, VDDE relative to ground VSS. For example, the first conductive layer  400  for carrying the first power voltage VDDI, the insulative layer  106   a,  and the second conductive layer  500  for carrying the GND voltage can operate as a first capacitor. The second conductive layer  500  for carrying the GND voltage, the insulative layer  106   b,  and the third conductive layer  600  for carrying the first power voltage VDDE can operate as a second capacitor. The third conductive layer  600  for carrying the VDDE voltage, the insulative layer  106   c,  and fourth conductive layer  700  for carrying the ground VDDE can operate as a third capacitor. As a result of increased capacitance of the three capacitors, more power can be stored in the substrate  200 , and therefore, during start-up of the device, the device can be initialized more quickly, due to the increased power storage. In some embodiments, the increased capacitance can be from about 1.5 to about 2 times greater than the capacitance obtained in a case where the first conductive layer  400  receives the GND voltage and the second conductive layer  500  receives the first voltage VDDI. 
         [0072]    The capacitors may be formed to have a linear or planar shape in accordance with the shape of the first, second, third and fourth conductive layers  400 ,  500 ,  600 ,  700 . The capacitance is increased in proportion to the resulting area of the capacitor; therefore, the first, second, third and fourth conductive layers  400 ,  500 ,  600 ,  700  can have primarily planar shapes. 
         [0073]    In addition, in the present example embodiment, the first package leads  840  (I) are overlapped by, or otherwise lie generally directly below, the first substrate bonding ring or first substrate bonding regions  210  in a vertical direction. Also, the second package leads  860  (E) lie generally directly below the second substrate bonding ring or second substrate bonding regions  230  in a vertical direction. Also, the third package leads  850  (G) lie generally directly below the third substrate bonding ring or third substrate bonding regions  220  in a vertical direction. As a result, the third package leads  850  (G) are positioned between the first package leads  840  (I) and the second package leads  860  (E). Accordingly, the current paths between the package leads  840 ,  860 ,  850  and their corresponding substrate bonding regions  210 ,  230 ,  220  are minimized in length. Generally a current path has an inherent inductance that causes fluctuation or simultaneous switching noise when a signal on the current path is switched on. According to an embodiment of the present inventive concept, the relative lengths of the current paths can be minimized, resulting in a reduced inductance. As such, the fluctuation or the simultaneous switching noise of the resulting circuit can be decreased. As a result, the quality of power transmission along the current paths is thereby increased. 
         [0074]      FIG. 5A  is plan view of the first conductive layer  400   a  of the embodiment of the substrate  200  of  FIG. 4A , in accordance with an embodiment of the present inventive concepts. In the embodiment of  FIG. 5A , referring to  FIG. 4A , the substrate bonding pads  210 ,  220 ,  230 ,  240  may be disposed on a surface of the insulative layer  106   a.  The chip  100  is positioned at a chip bonding region  104  of the substrate  200 . In the present example, the first conductive layer  400   a  includes a first substrate bonding pad  210  that covers the chip bonding region  104 , and further includes a conductive ring surrounding the chip bonding region  104  that includes locations at which a first chip bonding pad  103   a  designated as a first power bonding pad for the chip  100  can be bonded to the first substrate bonding pad  210  by the first bonding wire  160 . In this case, the body of the chip  100  can also optionally be in electrical contact with the first substrate bonding pad  210  at an underside of the body, to provide a voltage supply for the chip  100 . The first conductive layer  400   a  further includes a second substrate bonding pad  230  that surrounds, and is spaced apart from, the first substrate bonding pad  210 . In this case, the second substrate boding pad  230  is in the shape of a conductive ring. As described above, the second substrate bonding pad  230  includes locations at which a second chip bonding pad  103   c  designated as a second power bonding pad for the chip  100  can be bonded to the second substrate bonding pad  230  by the second bonding wire  180 . The first conductive layer  400  further includes a third substrate bonding pad  220  that surrounds, and is spaced apart from, the first substrate bonding pad  210 , and is surrounded by, and is spaced apart from, the second substrate bonding pad  230 . In this case, the third substrate bonding pad  220  is in the shape of a conductive ring. As described above, the third substrate bonding pad  220  includes locations at which a third chip bonding pad  103   b  designated as a third power bonding pad for the chip  100  can be bonded to the third substrate bonding pad  220  by the third bonding wire  170 . In this example, of the substrate bonding pads that transfer power to the chip  100 , the first substrate bonding pad  210  is closest in a horizontal direction to the center of the chip bonding position, the second substrate bonding pad  230  is furthest in a horizontal direction from the center of the chip bonding position, and the third substrate bonding pad  220  is positioned between the first substrate bonding pad  210  and the second substrate bonding pad  230  in a horizontal direction, relative to the center of the chip bonding position. The term “ring”, as used herein, is intended to define a geometry that surrounds, whether contiguous or segmented, and includes, for example, square-shaped and rectangular-shaped rings, and other suitable ring shapes, including circular, oval, etc. 
         [0075]      FIG. 5B  is plan view of the first conductive layer  400  of the embodiment of the substrate  200  of  FIG. 4A , in accordance with another embodiment of the present inventive concepts. The embodiment of  FIG. 5B  is similar in configuration to that of  FIG. 5A , an exception lying in that the first conductive layer  400   b  of  FIG. 5B  has a first substrate bonding pad  210  that surrounds, but does not cover, the chip bonding region  104 , so that it is ring-shaped. In this case, the underside of the chip  100  is isolated from the substrate  200  and does not receive a reference voltage from the substrate  200 . 
         [0076]    It can be seen in the examples of  FIGS. 5A and 5B  that, in a case where the first and second substrate bonding pads  210 ,  230  receive the VDDI and VDDE voltages, and where the third substrate bonding pad  220  receives the VSS or GND voltage, the third substrate bonding pad  220  having the GND voltage operates to isolate or shield the first and second substrate bonding pads  210 ,  230  having the VDDI or VDDE voltages in a horizontal direction of the substrate. 
         [0077]      FIG. 6A  is a plan view of the second conductive layer  500  of the embodiment of the substrate  200  of  FIG. 4A , in accordance with another embodiment of the present inventive concepts.  FIG. 6B  is a close-up cross-sectional view of the third vertical interconnect  910  that connects the third substrate bonding pad  220  to the conductive plane of the second conductive layer  500  of the substrate  200 .  FIG. 6C  is a close-up plan view of the first and second vertical interconnects  540 ,  560  that are insulated from the conductive plane of the second conductive layer  500  of the substrate  200 . In this embodiment, it can be seen that the third vertical interconnect  910  is configured to make direct contact with the second conductive layer  500 . A top portion of the third vertical interconnect  910  comprises, or otherwise contacts, the third substrate bonding pad  220 . In an example where the conductive plane of the second conductive layer  500  carries the GND voltage, a plurality of the third vertical interconnects  910  transfer the GND voltage to the third substrate bonding pad  220 . At the same time, with reference to  FIG. 6C , the first and second vertical interconnects  540 ,  560 , pass through, and are insulated from, the conductive plane of the second conductive layer  500  by insulative region  612 . The insulative region  612  may comprise the insulative layer  106   a.  In an example where the VDDI and VDDE voltages are applied to the first and second substrate bonding pads  210 ,  230 , these voltage levels are transferred to the first and second substrate bonding pads  210 ,  230  by a plurality of the first and second vertical interconnects  540 ,  560 . 
         [0078]      FIG. 7  is a plan view of the third conductive layer  600  of the embodiment of the substrate  200  of  FIG. 4A , in accordance with another embodiment of the present inventive concepts. In this embodiment, it can be seen that the third conductive layer  600  comprises a first inner region  610   a  and a second inner region  620   a,  in turn comprising conductive planes that are insulated from each other by insulative region  614 . The insulative region  614  may comprise the insulative layer  106   b.  It can also be seen that the third vertical interconnects  650  pass through, and are insulated from, the conductive planes  610   a,    620   a  of the third conductive layer  600 , and that the first and second vertical interconnects  540 ,  560  are configured to make direct contact with the first and second inner regions  610   a,    620   a  of the third conductive layer  600  respectively. In an example where the VDDI and VDDE voltages are applied to the first and second substrate bonding pads  210 ,  230 , these voltage levels are transferred to the first and second substrate bonding pads  210 ,  230  by a plurality of the first and second vertical interconnects  540 ,  560 . 
         [0079]      FIG. 8  is a plan view of the fourth conductive layer  700  of the embodiment of the substrate  200  of  FIG. 4A , in accordance with another embodiment of the present inventive concepts. In this embodiment, it can be seen that the fourth conductive layer  700  comprises a conductive plane. It can also be seen that the third vertical interconnects  650  are configured to make direct contact with the fourth conductive layer  700 . It can also be seen that the first and second vertical interconnects  950 ,  960  pass through, and are insulated from, the conductive plane of the fourth conductive layer  700 . In example where the GND voltage is applied to the third substrate bonding pad  220  this voltage level is transferred to the third substrate bonding pad  220  by a plurality of the third vertical interconnects  650 ,  910 . 
         [0080]      FIG. 9A  is a plan view of an underside of the substrate  200  of  FIG. 4A , following application of the package lead pads  840 ,  850 ,  860 , in accordance with another embodiment of the present inventive concepts.  FIG. 9B  is a close-up cross-sectional view of the fourth conductive layer  700  and solder ball pads, in accordance with another embodiment of the present inventive concepts. It can be seen in this view that the second package leads  860  (E) may be in contact with a package lead pad  700   a,  which is a portion of the fourth conductive layer  700 , and is further connected with the second vertical interconnect  960  and insulated from the fourth conductive layer  700 . A lower surface of the second vertical interconnect  960  may contact with the second package leads  860  (E) directly, while being insulated from the fourth conductive layer  700  by a portion of the insulative region  106   c.  Also, it can be seen that the lower surface of the fourth conductive layer  700  makes contact with the third package leads  850  (G). The package leads  840 ,  850 ,  860  are insulated from each other by a layer of solder resist  107  provided on an under surface of the substrate  200 . 
         [0081]      FIG. 10A  is a plan view of the third conductive layer  600  of the embodiment of the substrate  200  of  FIG. 4A , in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the present inventive concepts.  FIG. 10B  is a close-up cross-sectional illustration of the substrate configuration of  FIG. 10A , taken along section line C-C′ of  FIG. 10A . In this embodiment, it can be seen that the third conductive layer  600   a  comprises a first inner region  610   a  and a second inner region  620   a  in turn comprising conductive planes that are insulated from each other by insulative region  614 , as in the embodiment of the third conductive layer  600  described above in connection with  FIG. 7 . However, in the present embodiment, it can also be seen that the second inner region  620   a  includes a first portion  620   a - 1  and a second portion  620   a - 2  that are electrically insulated from each other. This embodiment is particularly amenable to applications where different voltage levels are required by different circuit blocks of the chip  100 . For example, the chip  100  may require a first external voltage level VDDE-1 for a first block of the chip  100  and may require a second voltage level VDDE-2 for a second block of the chip  100 . The first external voltage level VDDE-1 can be applied to chip bonding pads connected to the first portion  620   a - 1  of the second inner region  620   a  and the second external voltage level VDDE-2 can be applied to chip bonding pads connected to the second portion  620   a - 2  of the second inner region  620   a.  The substrate bonding pads can be connected to the first and second portions  620   a - 1 ,  620   a - 2  of the second inner region of the third conductive layer  600 , and to corresponding regions of the first conductive layer  400  in the manner described herein. 
         [0082]      FIG. 11A-11D  illustrate various embodiments of the package lead pad matrix  900 , in accordance with the present inventive concepts. The embodiments shown include a linear matrix and a zig-zag matrix. Referring to  FIGS. 1 and 11A , the package lead pads include power package lead pads (P) for the first package leads  840  or the second package leads  860 , and ground package lead pads (G) for the third package leads  850 . A plurality of capacitors can be formed between the power package leads(P) and the ground package leads(G). 
         [0083]      FIG. 11A  is a plan view of an underside of the substrate  200 , illustrating an embodiment of a linear matrix of the package lead pads of the substrate, in accordance with an embodiment of the present inventive concepts. As shown in close up portion “A” of  FIG. 11A , a capacitor can be formed between neighboring power package lead pads (P) and ground package lead pads (G). The power package lead pads (P) are linearly arranged in a first line “L 1 ” in the Y-axis direction and the ground package lead pads (G) are linearly arranged in a second line “L 2 ” in the X-axis direction. The first and second lines L 1 , L 2  are arranged alternately in the X-axis direction. The resulting capacitors can be considered to be coupled in series in the X-axis and Y-axis directions. 
         [0084]    In an embodiment, the package lead pads matrix comprises an inner portion  4  and outer portion  5  surrounding the inner portion. The power package lead pads (P) for the first package leads  840  and the second package leads  860  may be disposed in the inner portion  4 . 
         [0085]      FIG. 11B  is plan view of an underside of the substrate  200 , illustrating an embodiment of a zig-zag matrix of the package lead pads of the substrate, in accordance with an embodiment of the present inventive concepts.  FIG. 11C  is a cross-sectional view of the substrate, taken across section line B-B′ of  FIG. 11B .  FIG. 11D  is a cross-sectional view of the substrate, taken across section line C-C′ of  FIG. 11B . As shown in close up portion of “A” of  FIG. 11B , capacitors can be formed between the power package lead pads (P) and a ground package lead pads (G). The power package lead pads (P) are arranged in a linear direction along the Y-axis direction with offset between a first line “L 1 ” and a second line “L 2 ”. The ground package lead pads (G) are arranged in a linear direction along the Y-axis direction with offset in a first line L 1  and a second line L 2 . The first and second lines L 1 , L 2  are arranged alternately in the X-axis direction. As a result, in the inner portion  4 , the power package lead pads (P) and the ground package lead pads (G) are alternately offset and are arranged in a first zig-zag line Z 1 . Similarly, in the outer portion  5 , the power package lead pads (P) and the ground package lead pads (G) are alternately offset and are arranged in a second zig-zag line Z 2 . The resulting capacitor that are formed between them are also coupled in the X-axis direction and in the Y-axis direction as shown. The power package lead pads (P) and the ground package lead pads (G) are arranged alternately, so capacitance formed between the first or second package leads  840 ,  860  and the third package leads  850  can be increased. In other embodiments, a linear package lead pad matrix and a zig-zag package lead pad matrix can be combined in the same package lead pad matrix. For example, the package lead pad matrix may includes a linear matrix in the inner portion and a zig-zag matrix in the outer portion, or, alternatively, a linear matrix in the outer portion and a zig-zag matrix in the inner portion. 
         [0086]    Although the examples illustrated and described above depict a four-layered substrate  200 , embodiments of the present inventive concepts are applicable to substrates having more than four layers or fewer than four layers. 
         [0087]      FIG. 12  is a block diagram of a memory card  1200  that comprises a semiconductor device in accordance with the embodiments of the present invention. The memory card  1200  comprises a memory controller  1220  that generates command and address signals C/A and a memory module  1210  for example, flash memory  1210  that comprises one or a plurality of flash memory devices. The memory controller  1220  comprises a host interface  1223  that transmits and receives command and address signals to and from a host, a controller  1224 , and a memory interface  1225  that in turn transmits and receives the command and address signals to and from the memory module  1210 . The host interface  1223 , the controller  1224  and memory interface  1225  communicate with controller memory  1221  and processor  1222  via a common bus. 
         [0088]    The memory module  1210  receives the command and address signals C/A from the memory controller  1220 , and, in response, stores and retrieves data DATA I/O to and from at least one of the memory devices on the memory module  1210 . Each memory device comprises a plurality of addressable memory cells and a decoder that receives the receives the command and address signals, and that generates a row signal and a column signal for accessing at least one of the addressable memory cells during programming and read operations. 
         [0089]    Each of the components of the memory card  1200 , including the memory controller  1220 , electronics  1221 ,  1222 ,  1223 ,  1224 , and  1225  comprised on the memory controller  1220  and the memory module  1210  can employ packaged devices that have power configurations and layouts that are in accordance with the inventive concepts disclosed herein. 
         [0090]      FIG. 13  is a block diagram of a memory system  1300  that employs a memory module  1310 , for example, of the type described herein. The memory system  1300  comprises a processor  1330 , random access memory  1340 , user interface  1350  and modem  1320  that communicate via a common bus  1360 . The devices on the bus  1360  transmit signals to and receive signals from the memory card  1310  via the bus  1360 . Each of the components of the memory system  1300 , including the processor  1330 , random access memory  1340 , user interface  1350  and modem  1320  along with the memory card  1310  can employ packaged devices of the type disclosed herein. The memory system  1300  can find application in any of a number of electronic applications, for example, those found in consumer electronic devices such as solid state disks (SSD), camera image sensors (CIS) and computer application chip sets. 
         [0091]    The memory systems and devices disclosed herein can be packaged in any of a number of device package types, including, but not limited to, ball grid arrays (BGA), chip scale packages (CSP), plastic leaded chip carrier (PLCC) plastic dual in-line package (PDIP), multi-chip package (MCP), wafer-level fabricated package (WFP), and wafer-level processed stock package (WSP). 
         [0092]    While embodiments of the inventive concepts have been particularly shown and described with references to preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the inventive concept as defined by the appended claims.