Abstract:
The present invention facilitates the detection of an occurrence of a physiological action imparting a displacement to a body part at a natural frequency signature by virtue of a bio-filter pad including a viscoelastic interior for intimate juxtapositioning against the body part, and having a mechanical resonance frequency midway in the range of the frequency signature associated with the physiological action.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION  
       [0001]     The invention is in the field of medical diagnostic apparatus and methods for detecting an occurrence of a physiological action in general, and fetal activity in particular.  
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
       [0002]     Fetal activity has long been recognized as a good predictor of fetal well being as discussed in Fetal Movements In utero—A Review, Sadovsky, E., M.D., Isr. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 1992; 3:27-36. Fetal activity monitoring techniques run the gamut from an expectant mother&#39;s subjective assessment of fetal activity via fetal activity monitoring apparatus for monitoring her abdominal movements to in utero ultrasound based techniques for “looking inside” her uterus. Fetal activity monitoring apparatus is designed to monitor an expectant mother&#39;s abdominal movements within the range of 8-25 Hz which is the natural frequency signature of an expectant mother&#39;s abdomen. Such abdominal movements are assumed to be largely the result of fetal activity as opposed to uterine contractions, respiratory movements, maternal posture movements, and the like, and therefore the 8-25 Hz natural frequency signature of an expectant mother&#39;s abdomen is hereinafter coined as “natural fetal activity frequency signature”.  
         [0003]     An exemplary fetal activity monitoring apparatus is described in an article entitled “Measurement of Fetal Movements by Moving-Coil Transducer” by Adler D., et al., IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, Vol. BME-27, No. 12, December 1980 which employs two moving-coil transducers placed on the left and the right sides of an expectant mother&#39;s abdomen to pick up abdominal movements. This apparatus requires an about 80 dB electrical signal amplification for fetal activity detection at least partially being necessitated to overcome the transducers&#39; attenuation of frequencies in the natural fetal activity frequency signature, and offset the apparatus&#39; high sensitivity to electromagnetic interference (EMI).  
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
       [0004]     Generally speaking, the present invention is directed toward a bio-filter pad capable of physically amplifying displacements within the range of a natural frequency signature associated with an occurrence of a physiological action for facilitating detection of such an occurrence. This is achieved by the bio-filter pad having a mechanical resonance frequency preferably midway in the range of the natural frequency signature, and a transducer for intimate mechanical coupling therewith also preferably tuned to the same mechanical resonance frequency to increase physical amplification of a displacement, thereby lessening electrical signal amplification requirements by a suitable physiological activity recorder. Transducers employed for implementing the present invention are preferably of the type whose resonant frequency are readily tunable to the desired frequency range, for example, moving coil transducers, however, other types of transducers may also be employed.  
         [0005]     At the present time, it is envisaged that the primary application of the present invention will be for fetal activity monitoring purposes in general, and home based fetal activity monitoring purposes in particular but it is also envisaged that the bio-filter pad of the present invention can be adapted for use in sport medicine, rehabilitation, and the like. For fetal monitoring purposes, a bio-filter pad and a transducer preferably each have the same mechanical resonance frequency midway in the range of the natural fetal activity frequency signature whereby they are capable of yielding from about 20 to about 50 physical amplification of an abdominal displacement. By virtue of this physical amplification, a suitably tuned transducer and a fetal activity recorder together constituting fetal activity monitoring apparatus need only a combined about 45 dB electrical signal amplification as opposed to the hitherto required 80 dB electrical signal amplification in the above-mentioned Adler article, thereby also inherently beneficially reducing the latter&#39;s EMI sensitivity. 
     
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0006]     In order to understand the invention and to see how it can be carried out in practice, preferred embodiments will now be described, by way of a non-limiting example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which similar parts are likewise numbered, and in which:  
         [0007]      FIG. 1  is a schematic representation of a first preferred embodiment of a fetal activity monitoring system in accordance with the present invention including a bio-filter pad, a transducer and a fetal activity recorder;  
         [0008]      FIG. 2  is a graph showing the natural fetal activity frequency signature of an expectant mother&#39;s abdomen;  
         [0009]      FIG. 3  is a pictorial representation of the bio-filter pad of  FIG. 1 ;  
         [0010]      FIG. 4  is a cross section view of the bio-filter pad of  FIG. 1  along line A-A in  FIG. 3 ;  
         [0011]      FIG. 5  is a graph showing the transmissibility response curve of the bio-filter pad of  FIG. 1 ; and  
         [0012]      FIG. 6  is a schematic representation of a second preferred embodiment of a fetal activity monitoring system in accordance with the present invention. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
       [0013]      FIG. 1  shows a fetal activity monitoring system  1  suitable for home use for providing a visual indication regarding the prevailing level of fetal activity based on detecting an expectant mother&#39;s abdominal movements having a typical natural fetal activity frequency signature FS (see  FIG. 2 ). The fetal activity monitoring system  1  includes a bio-filter pad  2  adapted for removable intimate adhesion to her abdomen, and having a moving coil transducer  3  centrally disposed thereon for picking up her abdominal movements. The transducer  3  is connected to a credit-card like, battery powered, fetal activity recorder  4  having an amplifier  6 , an A/D converter  7 , a signal processor  8 , a memory  9 , an output interface  11 , for example, RS-232, and a fetal activity display  12  for comparing the prevailing fetal activity during a fetal activity monitoring session to a regular level of fetal activity determined on the basis of historical information. The fetal activity display  12  has three LEDs: a green LED  13  for indicating a regular level of fetal activity, an orange LED  14  for indicating a marginally lower than regular level of fetal activity, and a red LED  16  for indicating a significantly lower than regular level of fetal activity. The transducer  3  and the fetal activity recorder  4  have a combined electrical signal amplification in the order of about 45±5 dB.  
         [0014]      FIG. 3  shows that the bio-filter pad  2  has a topside  17  formed with a resiliently elastic restraining member  18  for intimately mechanically coupling the transducer  3  to the bio-filter pad  2  on its being slided thereunder, and an underside  19  with a peal-off protective liner  21  for exposing an adhesive surface  22  enabling the removable intimate adhesion of the bio-filter pad  2  to an expectant mother&#39;s abdomen. The bio-filter pad  2  is preferably circular with a diameter within the range of about 10 cm to about 25 cm, and has a thickness within the range of about 1 mm to about 5 mm. The bio-filter pad  2  has a vascoelastic interior  23  with concentric sections for focusing mechanical energy imparted thereto arising from abdominal movements towards the transducer  3  for enabling detection of most if not all fetal activity and not just limb movements directed towards the transducer  3  (see  FIG. 4 ). The viscoelastic interior  23  may be constituted by a solid material, a gel like material, a fluid material, or a combination thereof The bio-filter pad  2  has a 12 Hz mechanical resonance frequency for physically amplifying displacements within the natural frequency fetal activity signature (see  FIG. 5 ), as does the transducer  3 . The mechanical resonance frequencies of the bio-filter pad  2  and the transducer  3  can be tested by knocking on them. The mechanical coupling between the bio-filter pad  2  and the transducer  3  are such that they yield from about 20 to about 50 physical amplification of an abdominal displacement, thereby accentuating a natural fetal activity frequency signature.  
         [0015]     The fetal activity monitoring system typically replaces an expectant mother&#39;s subjective assessment of fetal activity in an otherwise conventional fetal activity monitoring program. Thus, in accordance with her fetal activity monitoring program, she removes a peal-off protective liner from a bio-filter pad, intimately adheres the bio-filter pad onto her abdomen, couples the transducer to the bio-filter pad, and proceeds to record her abdominal movements. In the normal course of events, the green LED will be illuminated and no special action need to be taken. In the event that either the yellow LED or red LED is illuminated during a fetal activity monitoring session, she takes the fetal activity recorder storing all historical fetal activity information to a medical specialist for a professional diagnosis.  
         [0016]      FIG. 6  shows a fetal activity monitoring system  31  similar to the fetal activity monitoring system  1  except that instead of its fetal activity recorder  32  being a standalone unit, it is intended for removable attachment to a mobile telephone  33  for both being powered thereby, and for connection to a remote server  34  for data processing purposes. To this end, the fetal activity recorder  32  includes a data compression processor  36  for compressing a fetal activity recording for selective transmission to the remote server  34 , and an audio output  37  for connection to the mobile telephone&#39;s audio input. The results of a fetal activity monitoring session are preferably transmitted by SMS for display on the mobile telephone&#39;s display  38 .  
         [0017]     While the invention has been described with respect to a limited number of embodiments, it will be appreciated that many variations, modifications, and other applications of the invention can be made within the scope of the appended claims. For example, a bio-filter pad may be oval shaped, and may employ different restraining techniques for juxtaposing a transducer against its topside. Also, a recorder, for example, the fetal activity recorders  4  and  36 , may be integrally formed with a transducer.