Abstract:
Novel gamma-(4-lower-alkyl-4-lower-alkoxypiperidino)-p-fluorobutyrophenones and acid addition salts thereof, useful as central depressants, e.g., neuroleptics (antipsychotics). Pharmaceutical compositions thereof and method of treating therewith.

Description:
This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 435,842, filed Jan. 23, 1974, now abandoned. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF INVENTION 
     1. Field of Invention 
     GAMMA-Piperidino-butyrophenones; central depressant, neuroleptic compounds. 
     2. Prior Art 
     A number of ketones of the general formula ##STR1## wherein R 3  and R 4  are widely different groups, have been made and tested. 
     Janssen (Cavallito; &#34;Structure-Activity Relationships I&#34;, page 37) has stated that one of the groups R 3  and R 4  must be aromatic and that only one may be hydrogen if the ketone is to be an antipsychotic. 
     For comparison with the compounds of the present invention, we have used two clinically-established piperidino ketones, namely: Haloperidol, wherein ##STR2## AND Methylperon, wherein R 3  ═ H and R 4  ═ CH 3 . 
     Several compounds having the above-mentioned general formula have also been described in the literature as having, for instance, tranquilizing, central blocking, analgetic, antipyretic, and antiphlogistic properties. 
     In that context, for instance, compounds are described wherein: 
     R 3  ═ oh or acyloxy and R 4  ═ lower alkyl. (See Brit. pat. 1,131,534; Jap. pat. appl. 4,718,877.) 
     However, the established clinically-useful compounds of the prior art have pronounced shortcomings and side-effects, and there is a clear demand for more specific and advantageous compounds in this activity and utility area, especially as neuroleptics (anti-psychotics). The fulfillment of this demand is one of the objects of the present invention, as further elucidated hereinafter. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention relates to novel basic ketones, a process for their preparation, pharmaceutical compositions thereof, and method of treating therewith. 
     The compounds provided by the present invention are selected from the group consisting of (a) basic ketones having the general formula ##STR3## wherein R 1  and R 2  each represents a straight or branched alkyl group having one to five carbon atoms, inclusive, and 
     B. ACID ADDITION SALTS THEREOF 
     These novel gamma-piperidino-butyrophenones have valuable pharmacological properties, especially central depressant effects, which makes them useful as neuroleptics (i.e., antipsychotically active substances). 
     OBJECTS 
     It is an object of the present invention to provide novel gamma-(4-lower-alkyl-4-lower-alkoxypiperidino)-p-fluorobutyrophenones and acid addition salts thereof, which are useful as central depressants, e.g., neuroleptics (antipsychotics), a process for producing the same, pharmaceutical compositions thereof, and a method of treating psychotic states therewith. Additional objects will become apparent hereinafter, and still others will be obvious to one skilled in the art. 
     PREPARATION: 
     According to the present invention, the novel ketones of general Formula I are prepared: a. by reacting a 4-alkyl-4-alkoxypiperidine of the general formula ##STR4## with a butyrophenone of the formula ##STR5## wherein X is halogen (Cl, Br, I) or a sulfonic acid radical ##STR6## Other processes may also be employed, e.g., inter alia: b. 1. a ketoamide of the formula ##STR7## is reduced to the alcohol ##STR8## which is oxidized to I. b. 2. a ketoamide according to b 1. with the keto group protected ##STR9## wherein R 3  is a methylene chain, possibly substituted with one or more methyl groups, e.g., ##STR10## is reduced to ##STR11## whereupon this compound is hydrolyzed to I. b. 3. p-Fluorobenzaldehyde is reacted with a metalorganic compound of the general formula ##STR12## wherein Y is --Mg hal (Cl, Br, I) or Li, whereupon the obtained alcohol II is oxidized to I. c. 1. a metalorganic compound of the formula ##STR13## wherein Y is Mg hal (Cl, Br, I) or Li is reacted with a piperidinoderivative of the formula ##STR14## wherein Z is a carboxylic group or a derivative thereof (nitrile, acid halide, or ester), whereupon the obtained product is hydrolyzed to I. c. 2. the compound ##STR15## is reacted with a metalorganic compound of the formula ##STR16## wherein Y and Z have the meanings hereinbefore defined, whereupon the obtained compound is hydrolyzed to I. 
     d. a compound of the formula ##STR17## in which Z is as hereinbefore defined, is hydrolyzed and decarboxylated to I. e. in a compound of the general formula ##STR18## the amino group is converted to F by standard procedure for such replacement. 
     In the foregoing reactions a - e, R 1  and R 2  have the meanings hereinbefore defined (in Formula I). Of the described synthetic methods, method a) is the method of choice because the starting products are inexpensive and readily manufactured and because the synthesis can be performed with good yields to give pure end products. 
     The starting 4-methyl-4-methoxypiperidine is synthesized according to Manus et al., J. Med. Chem. 8, 766 (1965). The other 4-lower-alkyl-4-loweralkoxypiperidine starting materials are prepared in exactly the same manner from the appropriate starting materials, which are known. 
     The selected substituted piperidine is reacted with the selected p-fluoro-gamma-halogen-butyrophenone, preferably in a suitable non-polar solvent, e.g., benzene, toluene, or xylene. If a polar solvent is employed, dimethylformamide is preferred. The reaction is preferably performed using an excess of the piperidine or in the presence of an acid binding agent, e.g., triethylamine or potassium carbonate. The reaction can additionally be carried out in the presence of potassium iodide, whereby undesired side reactions are avoided. After the reaction is complete, the product is generally treated with water or aqueous alkali and the thusformed basic ketone is extracted with ether. From the dried ether-solution, the hydrochlorides are precipitated with hydrochloric acid. The hydrochlorides are readily recrystallized from, e.g., ethanol-ether, acetone-ether, methylethylketone, ethylacetate, and like solvents or solvent mixtures. 
     After completion of other reactions which may also be employed for their production, isolation of the basic ketone is carried out in the same manner. 
     The novel compounds of the invention are thus usually obtained as an acid addition salt thereof, e.g., their hydrochloride. Other pharmaceutically acceptable addition salts can be prepared from the hydrochloride via the base, or directly from the base. 
     The compounds of the invention are most conveniently employed as pharmaceuticals in the form of water-soluble, non-toxic acid-addition salts. Although the non-toxic salts are preferred, any salt may be prepared for use as a chemical intermediate, as in the preparation of another but non-toxic acid-addition salt. The free basic compounds of Formula I may be conveniently converted to their acid addition salts by reaction of the free base with the selected acid, preferably in the presence of an organic solvent inert to the reactants and reaction products under the conditions of the reaction. The acids which can be used to prepare the preferred non-toxic acid addition salts are those which produce, when combined with the free bases, salts the anions of which are relatively innocuous to the animal organism in therapeutic doses of the salts, so that beneficial physiological properties inherent in the free bases are not vitiated by side-effects ascribable to the anions. Appropriate acid-addition salts are those derived from mineral acids such as hydrochloric, hydrobromic, hydroiodic, nitric, sulfuric, methanesulfonic, isothionic, sulfamic, phosphoric, and organic acids such as acetic, citric, lactic, fumaric, propionic, maleic, oxalic, benzoic, and tartaric. The preferred acid addition salt is the hydrochloride. 
     The acid-addition salts are prepared either by dissolving the free base in an aqueous solution containing the appropriate acid and isolating the salt by evaporating the solution, or by reacting the free base and the selected acid in an organic solvent, in which case the salt ordinarily separates directly or can be conventionally recovered by concentration of the solution or the like. Conversely the free base may be obtained conventionally by neutralizing the acid-addition salt with an appropriate base such as ammonia, ammonium hydroxide, sodium carbonate or the like, extracting the liberated base with a suitable solvent, illustratively ethyl acetate or benzene, drying the extract, and evaporating to dryness of fractionally distilling, or in other conventional manner. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     The following preparations and examples are given by way of illustration only, and are not to be construed as limiting: Preparation of 4-alkyl-4-alkoxy-piperidines of the formula ##STR19## 
     Preparation A 
     wherein R 1  and R 2  are alkyl with 1-5 carbon atoms. 
     The piperidines used in ex. 1-16 are prepared according to Manus et al. J. Med. Chem. 8, 766 (1965). 
     1-Benzyl-4-piperidone is treated with alkylmagnesiumbromide (R 1  MgBr) or alkylithium (R 1  Li) and the 1-Benzyl-4-alkyl(R 1 )-4-hydroxy piperidine formed is alkylated in known manner, whereupon the benzylgroup is removed by catalytic reduction. 
     Preparation B 
     wherein R 1  is alkyl with 1-5 carbon atoms and R 2  alkyl with 3-5 carbon atoms. The following modification of the methods is preferred. 
     Preparation of 4-methyl-4-butoxy-piperidine (No. 4 in the table) 
     a. 10-Benzyl-1.6-dioxa-11-aza-spirododecane 
     1-Benzyl-4-piperidino and butane-1.4-diol are reacted in chloroform, saturated with HCl to produce compound a). B.p. 110°-115° C/0.01 mm Hg. M.p. 51°-53° C. 
     b. 4-[(-Benzyl-4-methyl-4-piperidyl)oxy]butanol 
     Compound a) is added to methylmagnesiumiodide to produce compound b). B.p. 120°-127° C/0.01 mm Hg. 
     c. 4-[(1-Benzyl-4-methyl-4-piperidyl)oxi]butylchloride 
     Compound b) is chlorinated by thionylchloride to produce compound c). B.p. 118°-120° C/0.01-2 mm Hg. The melting point of the hydrochloride is 173°-175° C. 
     d. 1-Benzyl-4-methyl-4-butoxypiperidine 
     Compound c) is reduced with lithium aluminum hydride in tetrahydrofuran to compound produce d). B.p. 88°-90° C/0.01 mm Hg. 
     e. 4-Methyl-4-butoxypiperidine 
     The benzylgroup in 1-Benzyl-4-methyl-4-butoxy-piperidine is removed in known manner as described in the literature. 
     
         ______________________________________Summary of starting 4-alkyl-4-alkoxypiperidines ##STR20##                     M.p. ° C                               (B.p. ° C)NO.   R.sub.1   R.sub.2   hydrochloride                               mm Hg______________________________________1     CH.sub.3  CH.sub.3  180-1812     SAME AS IN EXAMPLES                 118         62-63/10 2-14, Following.3     &#34;                           63-65/114     &#34;                           78-81/10-115     &#34;               146-1476     &#34;               117         77-78/107     &#34;                           81-84/108     &#34;               128-1309     &#34;               131-13210    &#34;               194-19611    &#34;                           93-95/11-1212    &#34;               123-12513    &#34;                           126-129/14-1514    &#34;                           99-103/12-14______________________________________ 
    
    
    
     Example 1 
     gamma-(4-methyl-4-methoxy-piperidino)-p-fluorobutyrophenone 
     A solution of 20.1 g (0.1 m) of gamma-chloro-p-fluorobutyrophenone, 30 g (0.2 m) of 4-methyl-4-methoxy-piperidine and 0.1 g. of potassium iodide in 150 ml of toluene is heated in a glass autoclave for 15 hours at 100°-110° C. The KI and the 4-methyl-4-methoxy-piperidine hydrochloride formed in the reaction are separated by filtration and the solvent removed from the filtrate by evaporation under a vacuum on a steam bath. The obtained base is dissolved in ether and the hydrochloride is precipitated with alcoholic HCl. The reaction product is purified by recrystallization from ethanol-ether. Yield 22 g. Melting point 182° C. 
     EXAMPLES 2-14 
     Proceeding generally as described in Example 1, further compounds according to the invention enumerated in the following table are prepared. 
     
         __________________________________________________________________________ ##STR21##                            B.p. of theNO.  R.sub.1    R.sub.2    M.p. ° C                            base ° C/mm Hg__________________________________________________________________________2    CH.sub.3   CH.sub.2 l CH.sub.3                      163-1643    CH.sub.3   CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.3                      158-1594    CH.sub.3   CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.3                      167-168                            124-130/0.015    CH.sub.2 CH.sub.3           CH.sub.3   2006    CH.sub.2 CH.sub.3           CH.sub.2 CH.sub.3                      176-177                            130-135/0.017    CH.sub.2 CH.sub.3           CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.3                      167-1698    CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.3           CH.sub.3   174-1759    CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.3           CH.sub.2 CH.sub.3                      149-15210 ##STR22## CH.sub.3   190-19111   CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.3           CH.sub.3   175-17612   CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.3           CH.sub.2 CH.sub.3                      168-17113   CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.3           CH.sub.2 CH.sub.3                      136-13814   CH.sub.3   CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.3                      --    128-132/                            0.005-0.01__________________________________________________________________________ 
    
     EXAMPLE 15 
     Preparation of gamma-(4-ethyl-4-ethoxypiperidino)-p-fluoro-4-butyrophenone hydrochloride 
     To a Grignard solution prepared from 70.0 g (0.4 m) of p-fluorobromo-benzene and 9.8 g (0.4 m) of magnesium in 500 mls. of ether, 22.4 g (0.1 m) of gamma-(4-ethyl-4-ethoxy-piperidino) butyronitrile dissolved in 200 mls. of ether was added dropwise. After the addition was complete, the reaction mixture was refluxed for seven hours, whereupon water and finally a saturated ammonium chloride solution was added for decomposition of the reaction mixture. The ether phase was separated and evaporated in vacuo. To the residue 500 mls. of 5 N hydrochloric acid was added, and the mixture then refluxed for twenty hours. After cooling, an excess of concentrated ammonia was added and the reaction mixture was extracted with ether. The ether solution was evaporated in vacuo and the residue was distilled. 26 g of the compound was obtained at 130°-135° C/0.01 mms. of Hg. 
     The hydrochloride was prepared in the manner of Example 1. Melting point 176°-177° C. The hydrobromide is prepared in the same manner, using hydrogen bromide in place of hydrogen chloride. The citrate is prepared using citric acid. 
     EXAMPLE 16 
     Preparation of gamma-(4-isopropyl-4-methoxy-piperidino)-p-fluorobutyrophenone hydrochloride 
     To a mixture of 21.5 g (0.1 m) of gamma-(p-fluorophenyl)-gamma-oxo-butyric acid chloride and 15.7 (0.1 m) of 4-isopropyl-4-methoxy-piperidine in 200 ml of benzene, 15.5 ml (0.11 m) of triethylamine is added. The triethylamine hydrochloride formed is filtered off and the solvent removed by evaporation under vacuum on a steambath. The residue is dissolved in dry ether and added dropwise to a suspension of 15 g of lithium aluminum hydride in ether. The reaction mixture is refluxed for two hours and the obtained mixture decomposed with water. The precipitate is filtered off and the ether solution evaporated. The residue, which consists of the alcohol corresponding to the butyrophenone, is oxidized according to Oppenauer with 60 g of aluminum-isopropylate in 500 ml of dry acetone. The reaction mixture is refluxed for 12 hours, cooled, and decomposed with water. After centrifugation, the solution is evaporated to dryness, whereafter the residue dissolved in ether and the hydrochloride precipitated with alcoholic hydrochloric acid. After recrystallization, the hydrochloride melts at 190°-192° C. Yield  19 g. The tartrate is prepared using tartaric acid. 
     EXAMPLE 17 
     Preparation of gamma-(4-methyl-4-butoxypiperidino)-p-fluorobutyrophenone hydrochloride 
     3.1 g (0.127 m) of sodium is granulated in 200 ml of boiling toluene. After cooling, 26.5 g (0.126 m) of ethyl beta-(p-fluorophenyl)-beta-oxopropionate is added drop by drop and then the solution is stirred for one-half hour at 50° C. The yellow solution which forms is cooled and 30 g (0.30 m) of beta-(4-methyl-4-butoxy-piperidino)-ethyl-chloride is added rapidly thereto. The reaction mixture is stirred for four hours at 60° C and for five hours at 85° C. After evaporation on a steam bath and addition of 500 ml of 2.5-N sulphonic acid, the solution is refluxed for sixteen hours, cooled, alkalized with an excess of potassium carbonate, and extracted with ether. The solution is evaporated and the residue distilled at 124-130/0.01 mm Hg. Yield 19.5 g. The hydrochloride has the m.p. 167°-169° C. 
     PHARMACOLOGY, COMPOSITIONS, AND USE 
     Even if it should be possible to predict some kind of activity in butyrophenones having the foregoing formula &#34;A&#34;, it has been and still is accepted in the art that it is necessary to use a series of established pharmacological tests in order to establish the &#34;pharmacological profile&#34; of a neuroleptically active compound. For that reason we have carried out a series of tests, which are especially suited for the evaluation of new piperidinobutyrophenones, but which are also useful for comparison of new compounds with other compounds having the same field of application. 
     In the following series of tests, we have compared the new ketones of the present invention with the following: 
     Haloperidol -- formula hereinbefore mentioned (R 3  ═ OH; R 4  ═ p-chlorophenyl) 
     Methylperon -- formula hereinbefore mentioned (R 3  ═ H; R 4  ═ CH 3 ) chlorpromazine ##STR23## in each of the following established standard tests: 1. Inhibition of aggressive behaviour in male mice. 
     2. Inhibition of climbing in mice (inhibition of exploratory behaviour). 
     3. Amphetamine antagonism in rats (antipsychotic effect). 
     4. Cataleptogenic effect in rats (measure of the extrapyramidal side effects). 
     5. Inhibition of conditioned behaviour in rats. These tests were in accord with published test procedures and protocols, for instance: 
     1. Valzelli, L. in Aggressive Behaviour, Eds. Garattini and Sigg, p. 70 (1969) 
     2. Sandberg, S. in Arzneimittelforschung, 9, 203 (1958) 
     3. Randrup, A. et al. in Acta Pharmacol. (Kph), 20, 145 (1963) 
     4. Stille, G. in Schweiz. Med. Wochenschrift, 99, 1645 (1969) 
     5. Jacobsen and Sonne in Acta Pharmacol. &amp; Toxicol., 11, pp. 135-147 (1955) 
     On comparison of these test results from the Table, it is possible to separate the compounds into three groups, all of which show a pattern of neuroleptic activity, but which are in fact characterized by importantly different &#34;pharmacological profiles&#34;. See the Table and FIG. 1. 
     
         __________________________________________________________________________     1.        2.        3.         4.         5.     Inhibition of               Inhibition of                         Amphetamine                                    Cataleptogenic                                               Inhibition ofTEST      agression,               exploratory                         antagonism,                                    effect,    conditionedCompound  mice      behaviour, mice                         rats       rats       avoidance responseof Example     ED50 mg/kg s.c.               ED50 mg/kg s.c.                         ED50 mg/kg s.c.                                    ED50 mg/kg s.c.                                               rats ED50 mg/kg__________________________________________________________________________                                               s.c.1         0.20      0.65      0.35       10.0       0.62         0.70      1.00      0.10       6.0        1.33         0.35      1.00      0.20       7.0        0.54         0.35      2.00      0.75       20.0       2.55         0.70      0.70      0.10       10.0       1.56         0.08      1.40      0.10       5.0        1.57         0.70      1.20      0.35       6.08         0.50      3.10      1.00       6.2        5.510        0.15      1.10      0.10       5.0        1.212        0.35      1.60      0.07       3.0        5.013        0.50      1.30      0.35       6.8Haloperidol     0.80      1.30      0.03       0.27       0.15Methylperon     2.20      2.00      3.50       12.00      6.80Chlorpromazine     0.40      0.75      1.20       4.50       4.50__________________________________________________________________________ 
    
     Group I Example: Haloperidol 
     The profile is characteristic of low-dosed specific neuroleptics. Their great disadvantage is their extrapyramidal side effects [demonstrated by a pronounced cataleptogenic effect in rats (Table-Test No. 4)]. 
     Group II Example: Chloropromazine, Methylperon 
     Their profiles are characteristic of high-dosed unspecifically sedative neuroleptics. Methylperon is not very active in Tests 1 and 3. Chlorpromazine is not very active in Test 3. 
     Group III Example: New ketones with Formula I 
     These compounds have considerably lower extrapyramidal effect than compounds from Group I. The new compounds are specifically antiaggressive (Table-Test No. 1) anti-psychotic, and have an anxiolytic effect (Table-Test No. 3). The cardiovascular effects are insignificant. 
     Up to the present time, such favorable neuroleptic profiles have not been described for any compound in this area. 
     The antipsychotic effect as shown in Test No. 3 is further confirmed by the blocking of apomorphine emesis in dogs. Ref: Janssen, P. A. J. et al. Arzneimittelforschung, 1, 1196 (1965) Furthermore, the compounds have a pronounced serotonine inhibiting effect, Ref: Alps, J. et al. Br. J. Pharmac. 44, 52 (1972) and a strong anti-inflammatory effect (measured with carrageenin-induced edema in rats). Ref: Takashima, T. et al. Arzneimittelforschung 22, 711 (1972) Their toxicity is rather low, 200 - 300 mg/kg. In comparison, the toxicity for haloperidol is 70 mg/kg and for methylperon is 280 mg/kg (all toxicities being performed subcutaneously on mice). 
     In view of their unusual properties, the novel compounds of the present invention are also suited for treatment of mental disturbances in humans, for instance schizophrenic, manic, anxious and agony states. Their general properties as tranquilizers also make the new compounds suitable for veterinary applications. the present invention has been evidenced by tests in lower animals and representative of these are reported herein. 
     In their most advantageous form, the compositions of the present invention will contain a non-toxic pharmaceutical carrier in addition to the active ingredient. Exemplary carriers are: solids-lactose, magnesium stearate, calcium stearate, starch, terra alba, dicalcium phosphate, sucrose, talc, stearic acid, gelatin, agar, pectin, acacia, or the like; liquids -- peanut oil, sesame oil, olive oil, water, or the like. The active agents of the invention can be most conveniently administered in such compositions containing about 0.01 to 67 percent, preferably 0.04 to 12.15 percent, by weight of the active ingredient. Such formulations are illustrated in U.S. Pat. No. 3,402,244. 
     A wide variety of pharmaceutical forms suitable for many modes of administration and dosages may be employed. For oral administration the active ingredient and pharmaceutical carrier may, for example, take the form of a granule, pill, tablet, lozenge, or liquid suspension; for parenteral administration, the composition may be a sterile solution; and for rectal administration, a suppository. 
     The method of using the compounds of the present invention comprises internally administering a compound of Formula I, usually in the form of a non-toxic, pharmacologically acceptable acid-addition salt, and preferably admixed with a pharmaceutical carrier, for example, in the form of any of the above-mentioned compositions, or filled into a capsule, to alleviate psychotic conditions and symptoms thereof in a living animal body. The compounds and their non-toxic salts, especially the hydrochlorides, may be advantageously employed in amounts approximating those employed for any of the three clinically-useful compounds used for comparative testing as reported herein. Illustratively, they may be used in an amount of from about 0.1 to 200 milligrams per unit dose, preferably from about 2.5 to 50 milligrams for an oral dose, while parenteral dosages are usually less and ordinarily about one-half the oral dose so that the preferred parenteral unit dosage will be about one to 25 milligrams. The unit dose is preferably given a suitable number of times daily so that the daily dose may vary from 0.3 to 600 milligrams. Preferred daily dosages will vary from about  7.5 to 150 milligrams (oral) to about three to 75 milligrams (parenteral). However, these compounds are subject to wide variations in optimum daily and unit dosages, and the invention should therefore not be limited by the exact ranges stated. The exact dosage, both unit and daily, will of course have to be determined according to established medical principles. In addition, the active ingredients of the present invention or compositions containing the same may either be administered together with or include other physiologically active materials and/or medicaments, e.g., buffering agents, antacids, sedatives, stimulants, anticholinergics, analgesics, or the like. 
     The following formulations are representative for all of the pharmacologically active compounds of the invention, but have been particularly designed to embody as active ingredient gamma-(4-methyl or ethyl-4-methoxy or ethoxypiperidino)-p-fluoro-butyrophenone, and especially a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof, for example its tartrate, hydrochloride, hydrobromide, fumarate, or like pharmacologically acceptable salt. 
     For oral use the compounds are usually administered as tablets, although other forms may be employed. Tablets may be made by compounding one of the compounds of the invention, preferably as an acid-addition salt, with customary carriers and adjuvants, e.g., talc, magnesium stearate, starch, lactose, gelatine, gums, or the like. 
     The following is a suitable tablet formulation: 
     0.1 - 1g of gamma-(4-ethyl-4-ethoxypiperidino)-p-fluorobutyrophenone hydrochloride 
     9 g of potato starch 
     1 g of colloidal silica 
     2 g of talc 
     0.2 g of magnesium stearate 
     2.5 g of 5% aqueous solution of gelatine. 
     This mixture is made up into 100 tablets, containing 1-10 mg of the active component. 
     The hydrochlorides or other acid addition salts are readily soluble in water, which makes them particularly useful, since it enables the new compounds to be administered parenterally by injection. 
     For injection, the following solution is suitable: 
     5 - 500 mg of gamma-(4-methyl-4-methoxypiperidino)-p-fluoro-butyrophenone hydrochloride dissolved in 100 ml of water containing 0.6 g of NaCl. The resulting solution is filled into ampoules; each contain 2 ml of solution and thus 0.1-10 mg of the active compound. They are sterilized in the usual manner. 
     The pharmacologically active compounds provided by the present invention may also be administered successfully by embodying an effective quantity thereof in an injectable emulsion or suspension for injection into an animal body, in oral powders, suspension or syrups, and in other acceptable dosage forms. 
     Although very small quantities of the active materials of the present invention are effective when minor therapy is involved or in cases of administration to subjects having a relatively low body weight, unit dosages are usually five milligrams or above and preferably twenty-five, fifty or one-hundred milligrams or even higher, depending of course upon the emergency of the situation and the particular result desired. The exact individual dosages as well as daily dosages in a particular case will of course be determined according to established medical principles and under the supervision of the physician or veterinarian involved. 
     Various modifications in the compounds, compositions, and methods of the invention will be apparent to one skilled in the art and may be made without departing from the spirit or scope thereof, and it is therefore to be understood that the invention is to be limited only by the scope of the appended claims.