Abstract:
This invention provides a residential or building apparatus to:
   1. transfer water heated by the sun&#39;s heat into proximity with the air space inside any residence or building to warm it, and   2. during spring, summer, fall, and winter, provide the sun&#39;s heating for the hot water heater, and   3. generate electricity, and charge a battery, during daylight hours by the use of focused sunlight to heat water to power a steam-powered electricity generator, and   4. move water cooled by the subsurface ground into proximity with the air space inside any residence or building to cool it.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    Not Applicable. 
       STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY-SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT 
       [0002]    Not Applicable. 
       THE NAMES OF PARTIES TO A JOINT RESEARCH AGREEMENT 
       [0003]    Not Applicable. 
       INCORPORATION-BY-REFERENCE OF MATERIAL SUBMITTED ON A COMPACT DISC OR AS A TEXT FILE VIA THE OFFICE ELECTRONIC FILING SYSTEM (EFS-WEB) 
       [0004]    Not Applicable. 
       STATEMENT REGARDING PRIOR DISCLOSURES BY THE INVENTOR OR A JOINT INVENTOR 
       [0005]    The invention requires a source of water and water pressure that may be made available with another invention of David William Stauffer, as it is described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/734,978. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     (1) Fields of the Invention 
       [0006]    (a) A no-carbon-dioxide-emitting apparatus to focus and magnify the sun&#39;s heat and then, without using any pumps, transfer that heat throughout a residence or a building, using only the water&#39;s heat conduction characteristics, gravity and garden hose pressure to circulate the heat, and 
         [0007]    (b) A no-carbon-dioxide-emitting apparatus to capture the coolness of the subsurface ground, down four feet below the surface, and then, without using any pumps, transfer that coolness throughout a residence or a building using only the water&#39;s heat conduction characteristics, gravity and garden hose pressure to circulate the coolness, and 
         [0008]    (c) A no-carbon-dioxide-emitting apparatus structure to focus and magnify the sun&#39;s heat to run a steam-powered electricity generator to (i) provide, during daylight hours, immediate electricity, and 
         [0009]    (ii) charge, during daylight hours, a battery that can provide electricity during non-daylight hours. 
       (2) Description of Related Art Including Information Disclosed Under 37 CFR 1.97 and 1.98 
       [0010]    It is common knowledge that:
   1. Every day, the sun rises in the east, shines all day and heats the entire world.   2. A magnifying glass, or a Fresnel lens, can focus the sun&#39;s rays on a piece of paper to ignite the paper at about 451 degrees Fahrenheit.   3. Humans heat their houses so that the temperature in the house is between 60 degrees and 80 degrees Fahrenheit.   4. Humans heat their hot water heaters, in their houses, so that the temperature in the hot water heater is between 100 degrees and 124 degrees Fahrenheit. 125 degrees Fahrenheit would scald human skin, so hot water heaters should never be set to heat water more than 124 degrees Fahrenheit.   5. All over the world, the temperature of earth that is four feet below the surface is always between 50 and 55 degrees Fahrenheit.   6. If a house has a subsurface basement level, the temperature in the basement will be lower than the first floor because the walls of the basement that are sub-ground-surface more than four feet below the first floor conduct the 50 to 55 degree Fahrenheit temperature of the dirt on the outside of the wall to cool the air inside the basement.   7. Homeowners generally buy electricity that is delivered through utility lines from a utility company, but it is possible to obtain electricity from a privately-operated electricity generator unit.   8. Most residences and buildings in America are supplied with water faucets which release water that is under the pressure of gravity, fed from a water level that is higher than the faucet, such as the 20-meter high water towers in most cities, or a water shed that sits higher than the level of the residence or building. The water pressure from the faucets can force water through hoses to the top level of the residence or to the basement of the house. This water pressure is the result of the free, non-polluting force of gravity.   
 
         [0019]    In winter, homeowners usually heat their houses by burning fossil fuels such as coal, oil and gas. Then, during summer, homeowners cool their houses with air conditioners—many times using electricity generated by the burning of fossil fuels. Without regard to whether it is hot or cold outside their house, those same homeowners may use fossil fuels year around to heat the house hot water heater to keep a ready supply of hot water available for washing dishes, cloths, hands, and human bodies. Finally, most houses get electricity from an electricity-selling utility company, but some get their electricity from a privately-owned electricity generator unit. 
         [0020]    This invention provides a novel apparatus to:
   (1) replace the burning of fossil fuels, as a heat source, with the sun&#39;s heat when the weather is cold, and   (2) when the weather is hot, replace the present use of electricity for air conditioning with the natural cooling by the subsurface ground (four feet below the ground&#39;s surface) on which residences and buildings are built, and   (3) provide a zero-fossil-fuel-using, almost free, non-polluting apparatus to focus and magnify the sun&#39;s heat to run a steam-powered electricity generator to:
       (i) provide, during daylight hours, immediate electricity, and   (ii) to charge, during daylight hours, a battery that can provide electricity during non-daylight hours.   
       
 
         [0026]    That is, this invention provides a novel apparatus to:
   (1) transfer water heated by the sun&#39;s heat into proximity with the air space inside any house to warm that house, and   (2) provide heating for the hot water heater, and   (3) during hot weather, to move water cooled by the subsurface ground into proximity with the air space inside any house to cool the house, and   (4) provide a no-carbon-dioxide-emitting apparatus to focus and magnify the sun&#39;s heat to run a steam-powered electricity generator to: (i) provide, during daylight hours, immediate electricity, and (ii) to charge, during daylight hours, a battery that can provide electricity during non-daylight hours.   
 
         [0031]    All of the above heating and cooling will be accomplished without the air pollution caused by burning fossil fuels, using the heat of the sun and the coldness of the subsurface earth. 
         [0032]    This patent application uses commonly-accepted and known scientific knowledge which is so well known that it is not necessary to cite the prior art of patent cases. To this common knowledge, Inventor Stauffer has added:
   (a) The novel invention of an apparatus that uses the subsurface coolness of the earth to cool a building, and   (b) that coolness is transferred throughout a residence or a building by the novel use of garden hose water pressure, and   (c) Both the coolness of the subsurface ground and the heat of the focused sun rays is transferred throughout the residence or building by the natural heat and cold conduction properties of water in pipes, and by the garden hose water pressure that is common to most residences and buildings.   (d) Finally, Inventor Stauffer is entitled to a patent for arranging known elements in a new apparatus combination, in a previously-un-invented juxtaposition that produces a no-carbon-dioxide-emitting heating and cooling of residences on one or more levels of buildings with subsurface basements. In other words, Inventor Stauffer has invented a new combination of water pipes and hoses, water faucets, fans, magnifying glasses or Fresnel lens, and hot water heaters that produces a novel and beneficial benefit to homeowners, small building owners, and the world&#39;s polluted environment.   
 
         [0037]    There are literally hundreds of patents on many of the elements of the present invention, but there is no patent that claims an apparatus that includes all of the elements of the present patent application, and no prior art that arranges all the claimed elements in the manner that is claimed in the present invention. No other inventor has previously claimed all the elements of Inventor Stauffer&#39;s novel invention, which can heat and cool houses with free heating from the sun and with free cooling from the subsurface of the earth—all without the pollution from burning fossil fuels which threatens the earth&#39;s environment. 
         [0038]    Heating water is the second largest energy user in the home. In fact, 4% of America&#39;s total energy consumption is attributable to heating water. This invention is an almost pollution-free apparatus that has the capability of cutting the cost of heating water using only the heat of the sun. In other words, this invention, when universally-implemented, will decrease America&#39;s total energy consumption of fossil fuels for heating water. Because the sun shines on all countries, similar reductions in fossil fuel energy use for heating water will be possible in all other countries of the world—even when it&#39;s cloudy. Generally, the invention focuses the sun&#39;s rays on a car-radiator-like series of small water tubes that can be heated to 451 degrees Fahrenheit, just like a focused magnifying glass can burn a piece of paper, which has a flashpoint of about 451 degrees Fahrenheit. Obviously, no person wants to heat their house to 451 degrees Fahrenheit—that&#39;s too hot for humans—so the sun&#39;s rays will be focused so that the house temperature is only in the range of 60 degrees Fahrenheit to 80 degrees Fahrenheit for house heat and no more than 124 degrees Fahrenheit for hot water heating. 
         [0039]    In addition, this invention will also use the same radiator pipe/tank structure to cool houses during days of hot weather. At depths below four feet, ground temperature stays a constant 50 to 55 degrees Fahrenheit year-round. Actually, the ground is about 52 degrees Fahrenheit everywhere in the world, even where it&#39;s hot on the surface—like the heat on desert surfaces. That&#39;s because the sun is warming the surface, but the hot rays from the sun do not penetrate more than 4 feet below the earth&#39;s surface and do not heat ground that is more than 4 feet below the earth&#39;s surface. So, if you dig below 4 feet, you will hit soil that is 50 to 55 degrees Fahrenheit, even in the Sahara Desert. 
         [0040]    Two-thirds of all homes in the United States have an air conditioner. Air conditioners use about 5% of all the electricity produced in the United States, at an annual cost of more than $11 billion to homeowners. As a result, roughly 100 million tons of carbon dioxide are released in the air each year—an average of about two tons for each home with an air conditioner. 
       BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0041]    I. An apparatus capable of transferring the free and zero-polluting sun&#39;s heat to:
 
(1) heat residences and buildings, and
 
(2) heat water in hot water heaters, and
 
(3) heat water for a steam-powered electricity generator, and to charge batteries in order to produce electricity during non-daylight hours.
 
II. When the weather is hot, use much of the same free and zero-polluting apparatus to transfer the subsurface ground&#39;s coolness to upper levels of the residences or buildings in order to cool those residences and buildings.
 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0042]      FIG. 1 : The Water Heating Apparatus. The Figure looks at a two-story house, with a basement, from the west, with four different positions of the sun, as it travels from east to west. At different times of the afternoon, the sun&#39;s rays hit a row of magnifying glasses or Fresnel lens, which focus the sun&#39;s rays on a car-radiator-like set of water tubes that take heated water from the sun&#39;s rays on the roof to all other levels of the residence or building and heat the air on each level. 
           [0043]      FIG. 2 : The Water Cooling Apparatus.  FIG. 2  is a figure which looks at a two-story house, with a basement, from the west. Cold water will flow from the cool basement to the upper levels of the residence or building and cool the air. 
           [0044]      FIG. 3 : The Steam-powered Electricity Generator Apparatus.  FIG. 3  looks at a two-story house, with a basement, from the west. Water will flow from the garden hose faucet to a car-radiator-like-set of tubes on the roof of the residence or building and the sun&#39;s rays will be focused on that car-radiator-like set of tubes to create steam to drive the turbines of an electricity generator. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0045]      FIG. 1 : The Water Heating Apparatus.  FIG. 1  looks at a two-story house from the west, with four different positions of the sun, as it travels from east to west. The top sun position is 12 Noon (see the circled  12 ), the next lower position is 2 p.m. (see the circled  2 ), the next lower position is 4 p.m. (see the circled  4 ), and the bottom position is 6 p.m. (see the circled  6 ). The a level is the below-ground basement, the b level is the ground-level building, and the c level is the second story of the residence or building. d is an adjustable holding structure that holds a row of magnifying glasses or Fresnel lens that can be tilted to catch the rays of the sun and focus them on e, a holding structure that holds a row of car-radiator-type tubes holding water that will heat, but not melt, when the suns rays are focused on them. Such tubes will allow water to flow through the car-radiator-like tubes so that the focused sun&#39;s rays can heat that water, and then the heated water will flow through the network of car-radiator-like tubes that take the sun-heated water to each level of the residence or building to heat that residence or building, ending by going into the hot water heater, f, so that the hot water heater can send the hot water (124 degrees Fahrenheit) to the hot water faucets of the residence or building, or, if the water has been heated, but not heated enough to be 124 degrees Fahrenheit, the hot water heater will detect the temperature and heat the water the rest of the way to 124 degrees Fahrenheit. Water will initially flow into all the water tubes by turning on the garden hose faucet (or other faucet). The water will be heated by the sun. That hot water will be conducted throughout the water tubes by the radiation of heat through the water, but will also move faster when water is released from the system—such as when a person takes a shower and releases hot water from the shower nozzle, and when hot water is released from the kitchen sink faucet. When water is released from the residence or building water pipes, more water will flow into the water pipes, and then that water, too, will be heated by the sun, or cooled by the subsurface ground. 
         [0046]    The sun&#39;s heat will be transferred by two mechanisms: 
         [0000]    (i) The heat will be transferred by being radiated from the hot water in the direct path of the focused sun rays to all the water in the car-radiator-like tubes that form a water tank. Just like the burner under a water kettle heats the water on the bottom of the kettle and that heat radiates to the rest of the water in the kettle, the focused sun rays will be the “burner” and the heated water in the direct path of the focused sun rays will radiate its heat to the rest of the water in the car-radiator-like tubes that form a water tank, so that all the water on all levels of the residence or building will be heated to somewhere between 60 and 80 degrees Fahrenheit to heat the residence or building, and that water will also flow into the hot water heater, f, to be further heated to a maximum of 124 degrees Fahrenheit, if necessary. In the best case situation, the traditional hot water heater would never need to burn non-sun energy to heat the water to 124 degrees Fahrenheit and the owner of the building would no longer burn that energy nor pay for the cost of that energy.
 
(ii) The water will be under the garden-hose pressure that occurs when a garden hose is turned on, but the nozzle on the other end of the garden hose stops the flow of water. The water will be released, like a garden hose nozzle that has been turned on, when a hot water faucet (such as a shower faucet or a kitchen sink faucet) is turned on, and hot water flows out of the system and allows more sun-heated hot water from the roof to go through the car-radiator-like tubes and heat each level of the building. As previously stated, if the water is moving so fast that the sun&#39;s rays do not completely heat the water to 124 degrees Fahrenheit, the hot water heater will sense that deficiency and heat the water further before the water is released from a faucet. Also, when the sun is not shining at night, the hot water heater will heat the water to 124 degrees Fahrenheit. In order to stop the hot water heating during hot weather, there will be a shade that will block the rays of the sun from hitting the magnifying glass(es) or Fresnel lenses. In similar manner, if the hot water heater senses that the water is too hot, it will mix it with cold water to bring the temperature down to 124 degrees Fahrenheit.
 
         [0047]    The invention is designed to have an apparatus that will be constructed on the roof of the residence or building and be open to the air. In order to avoid birds and other animals (including humans) from accidentally getting burned by the focused rays of the sun, there will be a casing around the entire structure that will let the suns rays enter it, but will prevent any other birds or animals from being hit by the focused sun rays. 
         [0048]      FIG. 2 : The Cooling Apparatus. Looking at a two-story house from the west, cold water from the house water faucet is directed to a car-radiator-like set of tubes that go down to the basement to a level that is lower than four feet below the ground surface where it is spread out so that the tubes come into contact with the 50 to 55 degree Fahrenheit walls of the basement, which cool the already-cool garden hose water in the tubes. The water tubes go around the basement (a) to absorb the cool temperature of the walls, and then the tubes go up to the first floor (the b level) and go around the walls of the b level; then the tubes go up to the second floor (the c level) and go around the walls of the c level; then the water goes from the c level back to a water drain on the a level—or to the lawn outside the b level of the house. The water from the water faucet will be turned on to a low level of current so that it slowly goes through the basement level and becomes 50 to 55 degrees Fahrenheit, and then slowly goes through the upper levels of the residence or building to cool those levels, and then slowly goes to the basement water drain or slowly goes to the outside lawn. Faucet water is usually somewhat cool (50 to 55 degrees Fahrenheit) because it comes from subsurface levels of ground, so the water will already be that cool temperature even before it is cooled by travelling along the basement walls. As that water travels through the upper levels of the house, it will cool the air to, perhaps, 55 to 60 degrees Fahrenheit. 
         [0049]    Both the heating and cooling water systems assume that the residence or building has the usual constant supply of water that will flow under the pressure of a garden hose. If this water supply is not readily available, see U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/734,978 of David William Stauffer. 
         [0050]    There will be fans on all building levels above the basement that blow the hot air that has been heated by the hot pipes, or the cool air, that has been cooled by the cool water from the basement, from the car-radiator-like pipes