Abstract:
A light transmission device, comprising in combination a longitudinally axially extending light pipe having opposite ends, at least one of said ends having a light diffusing surface.

Description:
This application is a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 09/188,279, filed Nov. 9, 1998. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention relates generally to optical coupling of light sources and light pipes; and more particularly concerns endwise optical coupling of LEDs to fiber optics light pipes in a simple and effective manner to maintain their coaxial relationship during light transmission from the LED to the light pipe, as will appear. 
     There is need for improvements in apparatus, and methods, to overcome difficulties in optical coupling as between light sources and light pipes; and there is need to improve light transmission between and by these elements. Also, there is need to provide for diffusion of light transmitted by light pipes, and especially where light of different colors is to be transmitted and mixed. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     It is a major object of the invention to provide improvements in such optical coupling, as will meet the referenced needs. 
     Basically, the light transmission device of the invention comprises, in combination: 
     a) a longitudinally axially extending light pipe having opposite ends, 
     b) one of those ends having a light diffusing surface. 
     As will appear the other of the light pipe ends may also have a light diffusing surface to enhance the desired light diffusing effect, and the light pipe typically has a wall along its length that is light reflecting. 
     Another object is to provide facets at one of the light pipe ends, such as the end that transmits light from the light pipe, and such facets may advantageously comprise Fresnel rings. The surfaces of the latter may be scored to provide a diffusing surface of the light pipe end. 
     A further object is to provide a recess at the end of the light pipe that receives light from the LED. As will appear, the surface of that recess may also or alternatively be scored to provide for light diffusion. The recess may typically be dished, and define a concavely curved inner wall via which light is transmitted into the light pipe. Further, the light source may typically have a flat or convex portion thereof received into the recess, whereby the recess defines a perimeter extending about the light source. The light source may be attached, as by surface mounting, to a printed circuit board, and the light pipe end recess typically defines a perimeter that projects toward said board, sidewardly of the light source which comprises an LED. 
     It is another object of the invention to provide a light source comprising an LED having at least two emitters of light of different wavelengths. For example the emitters may comprise red and yellow light emitters, such light being mixed in response to diffusion by the end or ends of the light pipe, to produce a resultant amber output. 
     A further object includes provision of a support panel carrying the light pipe, in spaced relation to said recess. The faceted opposite end of the light pipe typically terminates proximate the panel, and a pipe flange engages one side of the panel. A grip ring may be provided for gripping the light pipe and engaging the opposite side of the panel. 
     The method of diffusing light transmitted by a light source and light pipe, in accordance with the invention, includes the steps 
     a) providing a light pipe support, 
     b) assembling the light pipe to the support, and 
     c) assembling the light pipe and light source so that the light source projects at an end portion of the light pipe in spaced relation to the support, 
     d) the light pipe having opposite ends, at least one of such ends provided with a light diffusing surface. 
     Additional objects include providing the opposite end of the light pipe with a light diffusing surface; providing a recess at an end of the light pipe, and assembling the light pipe and light source to receive a portion of the light source into said recess; providing the recess to have a concave inner wall facing the light source; providing facets on an end of the light pipe; providing light diffusing surfaces on said facets; providing grip structure gripping the light pipe; providing a flange on the light pipe, and locating a panel to extend between said grip structure and flange, to be engaged thereby; and providing the light source to comprise an LED having at least two emitters of light of different wavelengths. 
    
    
     These and other objects and advantages of the invention, as well as the details of an illustrative embodiment, will be more fully understood from the following specification and drawings, in which: 
     DRAWING DESCRIPTION 
     FIG. 1 is an elevation taken in section to show positioning of the light pipe relative to a light source such as an LED, and with a panel supporting the light pipe; 
     FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing one end of the light pipe; 
     FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing the opposite end of the light pipe; 
     FIG. 4 is an enlarged section showing a light pipe incorporating the invention; 
     FIG. 5 is an end view taken on lines  5 — 5  of FIG. 4; 
     FIG. 6 is an enlarged axial section taken through a grip ring employed to retain the light pipe to a mounting panel; 
     FIG. 7 is an end view taken on lines  7 — 7  of FIG. 6; 
     FIG. 8 is an axially exploded view showing elements as also seen in FIG. 1; 
     FIG. 9 is a view like FIG. 1, but showing a light diffusing light pipe; 
     FIG. 10 is an enlarged section showing a panel support for the light pipe of FIG. 9; 
     FIG. 11 is a perspective view of a light diffusing light pipe, and showing the light receiving end of the pipe; 
     FIG. 12 is a perspective view of the FIG. 11 light pipe and showing its light transmitting end; 
     FIG. 13 is an enlarged axial section taken through the FIG. 11 light pipe; 
     FIG. 14 is a view like FIG. 9, showing retaining clip support of the light pipe; 
     FIG. 15 is an enlarged side elevation view of the clip shown in FIG. 14; 
     FIG. 16 is an end view taken on lines  16 — 16  of FIG. 15; 
     FIG. 17 is a view like FIG. 9; but showing right angle circuit board mount of an LED coupled to the recessed end of a light pipe; 
     FIG. 18 is an enlarged section taken through a grommet as used in FIG. 17; and 
     FIG. 19 is an end view of the FIG. 18 grommet. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     FIGS. 1-6 show a light pipe or fiber optics cable  10  of relatively short axial length between its opposite ends  11  and  12 . End  11  defines a recess  13  for reception of light source structure that transmits light endwise into the light pipe. 
     In the example, the recess may typically and advantageously define a dished inner wall  14  which may be concavely curved. That wall positions the light source  15  shown as an LED, and having an end portion  15   a  received into the recess, with light pipe perimeter  10   a  extending about the LED. Dished wall  14  may also axially mutually center the light pipe and the light source, as seen in FIG.  1 . The LED  15  also shown as surface mounted at  16  on the printed circuit board  17 , which also typically carries other circuitry, shown at  18 , for example. Light rays from the LED pass into the light pipe and travel generally axially, as indicated at  19 - 21 . The light pipe perimeter  10   a  projects toward the circuit board. 
     The opposite end  12  of the cylindrical light pipe may advantageously define light transmitting facets shown as extending in circular arcs at  12   a , in FIG.  5 . Light is transmitted by the facets as indicated at rays  23 - 27 , within a cone. Cone angularity may advantageously be about 120°. 
     FIG. 1 shows a support panel  30  carrying the forward end extent  10   b  of the light pipe in endwise spaced relation to recess  13 . End extent  10   b  typically projects through an opening  31  in that panel, with pipe faceted end  12  located proximate the panel side  30   a . A cylindrical flange  32  may be formed by or on the light pipe to engage panel side  30   a , to accurately endwise position the light pipe relative to the panel. 
     Further positioning of the light pipe is afforded by an annular grip ring  35  extending closely about the light pipe to grip its outer surface at  10   c . The grip ring is axially adjusted to cause the forward end  35   a  of the ring to engage the panel rearward side  30   b , whereby the panel is retained between the ring and the flange  32 . This also serves to axially space the panel relative to the circuit board, in a sample, predetermined, and effective manner. The grip ring may have serrations  38  at its bore, to frictionally engage the light pipe outer surface  10   d , and block axial movement of the grip ring axially rightwardly relative to the light pipe, in FIG.  1 . 
     The method of positioning a light pipe and light source, includes the steps: 
     a) providing a panel, 
     b) assembling the light pipe to the panel to project through an opening in the panel, 
     c) and assembling the light pipe and light source so that the light source projects into an end portion of the light pipe in spaced relation to the panel. 
     That end portion of the light pipe may define the concave recess  13 , as referred to, to engage and optically axially align the light pipe and LED. 
     The method may also include providing grip structure gripping the light pipe, and providing a flange on the light pipe, and locating the panel to extend between said grip structure and flange, to be engaged thereby, for positioning the panel relative to a circuit board that carries the LED, as by surface mounting. 
     FIGS. 9 and 10 show preferred structure including elements generally the same as in FIGS. 1-6, like elements being given the same identifying numerals. The LED light source may have at least two emitters of light of different wave lengths. Two such emitters are indicated at  50  and  51 , within housing  52 . As an example, the emitters may emit red and yellow light, and it is desired to mix such light to produce amber light transmitted at  100  at the end  12  of the light pipe. To accomplish this, light diffusing surfaces are provided at one or both ends  11  and  12  of the light pipe. Such light diffusing surfaces may be provided by roughening or lightly scoring the light pipe end surface or surfaces shown as dished inner wall  11  in FIG. 11, and as angled surfaces of annular facets  12   a  in FIG.  12 . See also FIG.  13 . The facets may comprise Fresnel rings extending in circular arcs, as shown. The light pipe itself has a cylindrical wall  55  along its length that is light reflecting, to reflect light back into the pipe. Accordingly, light of two or more different colors transmitted into the pipe, and within the pipe, exits the pipe as thoroughly mixed or diffused. 
     Note also, that the end portion  15   a ′ of the light source  15 ′ is domed to present a convex surface to the concave or dished wall  11 , for close coupling. LED terminals  60  and  61  are carried by circuit board  62 , to orient  15 ′. The pipe is press fitted at  97  and  98  into plastic panel  30 . FIG. 10 shows axially extending slots  96  in sleeve  95 , to allow sleeve finger  95   a  expansion during fitting of the pipe into the sleeve. 
     FIGS. 14-16 show a retaining spring clip  110  having a sleeve portion  111  fitting about the pipe  10 , and to the outer wall of the pipe. Clip fingers  112  project from the sleeve and bear against the inner wall  113  of the panel  30  through which the pipe extends. Flange  32  on the pipe  10  bears against the outer surface of the panel  30 , whereby the flange  32  and the spring fingers  112  press against opposite sides of the panel to maintain the pipe extending normal to the panel. The LED unit  112 ′ is here surface mounted at  114   a  to a printed circuit board  114 , to project into the recess at the end of the light pipe. One or both ends of the pipe are typically scored to provide for diffusion, of light transmitted at  115  at the transmitting end of the pipe. Light diffusion or mixing within the light pipe enables mixing of two or more colors emitted by emitters within the LED. 
     FIGS. 17-19 are like FIGS. 9-13, but provide for retention of the pipe  10  to the display panel  30  by a retaining grommet  120  attached to the pipe surface. The LED unit  121  is carried by a right angle mount  122 , which has a base  123  surface mounted to the printed circuit board  140 , as shown. One or both pipe end wall surfaces are light diffusing, i.e. seared as in FIGS. 9-12.