Abstract:
The present invention is generally directed to a versatile fluid treatment system which includes: a mobile device; a track system connected to the mobile device; one or more treatment vessels removably attached to the track system, each treatment vessel comprising a treatment material disposed inside the treatment vessel, at least one fluid inlet, and at least one fluid outlet; an input conduit that receives a fluid to be treated, the input conduit in fluid communication with the fluid inlet on the treatment vessel; and an output conduit in fluid communication with the fluid outlet on the treatment vessel, the output conduit receives treated fluid from the treatment vessels via the fluid outlet.

Description:
BACKGROUND 
     The present invention is generally directed to methods and systems for treating water and wastewater. Specifically, the present invention is directed to mobile systems for the treatment of water and wastewater by deionization. 
     Wastewater and water may be treated for a variety of reasons, depending on the fluid and its use. Water used in industrial applications, for example heat exchangers, cooling towers, desalination systems, cleaning systems, pipe lines, gas scrubber systems, refineries and associated equipment often contains various impurities. The impurities may combine and form precipitates due to the pH, pressure, or temperature in the system or the presence of additional ions with which they form insoluble products. Such water and wastewater may be subject to ionic pollution that may be a threat to ecological balance. Ground water and wastewater also often contain undesirable impurities. 
     Water may be too “hard” for certain applications due to excess calcium, magnesium and carbonate ions, which may react with phosphate, sulfate, and silicate ions and form the insoluble salts. Water and wastewater may also contain various solids such as mud, clay, iron oxides, silt, sand, and other mineral matter and microbiological debris which may accumulate as sludge deposits in a system. 
     One method for the treatment of water and wastewater is through a deionization and demineralization process. A common deionization process is the use of an ion exchange resin. Generally speaking, the ion exchange resin is contained in a treatment vessel through which the water or wastewater to be treated is passed. As the fluid passes through and around the ion exchange resin, ions in the fluid to be processed are exchanged with ions found in the resin, thereby removing objectionable ions from the fluid and exchanging them for less objectionable ions found in the resin. However, as ions are exchanged, the efficacy of the resin is reduced. Eventually, a steady state is reached in which no further objectionable ions in the fluid to be processed can be exchanged for the less objectionable ions found in the resin. 
     Ion exchange resins may be regenerated by removing the objectionable ions from the resin and replacing these with the less objectionable ions, known as regeneration. During regeneration, a substance having a high concentration of the less objectionable ions is applied to the ion exchange resin. Because this produces a new balance of concentrations between the respective ions, the ion exchange resin now exchanges the objectionable ions captured during the service cycle for the less objectionable ions applied during regeneration. As a result of this process, the ability of the ion exchange resin to remove objectionable ions from the fluid to be processed is restored. 
     However, the regeneration process can be relatively lengthy, and during which the treatment vessel being regenerated is off-line and is not treating water or wastewater. Accordingly, it is desirable to utilize systems and methods that permit water and wastewater treatment systems to be minimally impacted by the need to regenerate ion exchange resins. 
     Additionally, certain applications do not require a permanent treatment facility. Accordingly, there is a need for temporary or mobile systems. Mobile deionization systems are known in the art. Examples include the disclosures as set forth in, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,379,940; 4,383,920; 4,487,959; 4,540,493; 4,556,493; 4,675,108; 4,659,460; and 4,818,411. 
     Such mobile systems often face the same drawbacks as larger systems inasmuch as the systems must spend time off-line in order to regenerate the ion exchange resin. Accordingly, systems and methods that permit mobile systems to be minimally impacted by the need to regenerate ion exchange resins is desirable. 
     Moreover, both stationary and mobile systems have the drawback of lack of flexibility in order to provide the ability to optimize the treatment system. For example, it is not well known in the art of mobile treatment systems to monitor the fluid to be treated and the resultant treated water to determine the effectiveness of the system. Certain prior art mobile systems only monitor characteristics of the water after it has been treated. This single data point makes it difficult to contour a treatment system for a particular application or for changing conditions with a single application. In general, prior art systems are not easily modified, adapted, or contoured for different applications or changing conditions. Accordingly, such measurements were not as useful. 
     Accordingly, there is a need for a treatment system that can measure, in or near real-time, the efficacy of the system so that required or desired modifications can be identified. Furthermore, there is a need for a mobile treatment system that can be quickly and efficiently modified, adapted, or contoured for a particular application or changing conditions. It is also desirable to utilize the ability to quickly modify and adapt treatment systems in order to require less off-line time during the regeneration of ion exchange resins used in such systems. 
     SUMMARY 
     Aspects of the invention may comprise a versatile fluid treatment system which may comprise: a mobile device; a track system connected to the mobile device; one or more treatment vessels removably attached to the track system, each treatment vessel comprising a treatment material disposed inside the treatment vessel, at least one fluid inlet, and at least one fluid outlet; an input conduit that receives a fluid to be treated, the input conduit in fluid communication with the fluid inlet on the treatment vessel; and an output conduit in fluid communication with the fluid outlet on the treatment vessel, the output conduit receives treated fluid from the treatment vessels via the fluid outlet. 
     Aspects of the invention may further comprise methods for treating a fluid using an adaptable treatment system, the treatment system in fluid communication with the fluid to be treated, the treatment system comprising one or more treatment vessels, each comprising the same or different treatment materials, the method comprising: determining a first characteristic or quality of the fluid before the fluid enters the treatment system; treating the fluid by the treatment system; determining a second characteristic or quality of the fluid after the fluid exits the treatment system, wherein the first and second characteristic or quality may be the same; comparing the first characteristic or quality with the second characteristic or quality and determining the efficacy of the treatment system; removing, supplementing, or modifying the one or more treatment vessels. 
     Aspects of the invention may further comprise a guide and locking device for use with treatment vessels in a fluid treatment system, the guide and locking device providing releasable connection between a first surface and one or more treatment vessels, the guide and locking device comprising: two or more guide rails, the guide rails being substantially parallel; one or more cross members, the cross members extending between the guide rails in a substantially perpendicular configuration, the cross members being removably attached to the guide rails; one or more locking devices, the locking devices removably attached to the guide rails or the cross members, each locking devices configured to receive a structure fixed to a treatment vessel in order to releasably lock the treatment vessel into a location along the guide rails. 
     These and other aspects will become apparent from the following description of the invention taken in conjunction with the following drawings, although variations and modifications may be effected without departing from the spirit and scope of the novel concepts of the invention. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The present invention can be more fully understood by reading the following detailed description together with the accompanying drawings, in which like reference indicators are used to designate like elements. The accompanying figures depict certain illustrative embodiments and may aid in understanding the following detailed description. Before any embodiment of the invention is explained in detail, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited in its application to the details of construction and the arrangements of components set forth in the following description or illustrated in the drawings. The embodiments depicted are to be understood as exemplary and in no way limiting of the overall scope of the invention. Also, it is to be understood that the phraseology and terminology used herein is for the purpose of description and should not be regarded as limiting. The detailed description will make reference to the following figures, in which: 
         FIG. 1  is a block diagram of a water and wastewater treatment system in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 2  is a block diagram of a water and wastewater treatment system in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 3  is a diagram of a water and wastewater treatment system in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIGS. 4A and 4B  are diagrams of a water and wastewater treatment system in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 5  is a diagram of a mobile water and wastewater treatment system in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIGS. 6A and 6B  are schematic perspective view of a mobile water and wastewater treatment system in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIGS. 7A and 7B  are plan views of a rail and locking member system that may be used in mobile water and wastewater treatment systems in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 8  is an exploded view of one end portion of a locking system that may be used in conjunction with a mobile water and wastewater treatment system in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 9  is an exploded view of an opposed end portion of a locking system that may be used in conjunction with a mobile water and wastewater treatment system in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 10  is a perspective view of a water treatment tank that may be used in conjunction with a mobile water and wastewater treatment system in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 11  is perspective schematic view of an exemplary internal structure of a water treatment tank, with the tank itself removed and a frame support system surrounding the tank, which may be used in conjunction with a mobile water and wastewater treatment system in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 12  illustrates an exemplary water treatment tank attached to a locking and guide system in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The matters exemplified in this description are provided to assist in a comprehensive understanding of various exemplary embodiments disclosed with reference to the accompanying figures. Accordingly, those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that various changes and modifications of the exemplary embodiments described herein can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the claimed invention, and that the following description is intended to refer to specific examples of structure selected for illustration in the drawings and is not intended to define or limit the disclosure, other than in the appended claims. Descriptions of well-known functions and constructions are omitted for clarity and conciseness. Moreover, as used herein, the singular may be interpreted in the plural, and alternately, any term in the plural may be interpreted to be in the singular. 
     Attention is directed to  FIG. 1 , which depicts a block diagram of a system  10  for the treatment of water and/or wastewater, in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention. In general, the fluid to be treated travels in conduit  101  to treatment device  120 . Before reaching treatment device  120 , the fluid to be treated monitored at  110 , where certain characteristics, qualities, and/or components of the fluid to be treated are measured, captured, or otherwise identified. Fluid is treated at treatment device  120 , which may for example, be a deionization system utilizing ion exchange resins. Treated fluid leaves the treatment device  120  in conduit  199 . As the treated fluid leaves the treatment device, it may be monitored at  130 , where certain characteristics, qualities, and/or components of the fluid to be treated are measured, captured, or otherwise identified. The differences, or deltas, between the characteristics, qualities, and/or components of the fluid to be treated that are measured, captured, or otherwise identified at  110  are compared with those at  130 . Such comparison may be accomplished through the use of processor  140 , which receives inputs of data from both  110  and  130  and compares the data received. In this manner, the efficacy, efficiency, and/or impact of the treatment device  120  may be determined. 
     Understanding the impact the treatment system  120  has may be useful in providing modifications, alterations, or contouring of the treatment system  120  in order to produce the most effective, efficient, and appropriate treatment system. 
     With reference to system  20  in  FIG. 2 , fluid to be treated travels in conduit  201  through monitor  210  to treatment device  220 . After treatment the treated fluid travels in conduit  299  through monitor  230 . Monitor  210  and  230  determine, measure, observe, or otherwise identify characteristics, qualities, and/or components of the fluid both before and after treatment. The data captured by monitors  210  and  230  are passed to processor  240  which may compare the data. Unlike the system  10  illustrated in  FIG. 1 , the system  20  has a direct link  250  between processor  240  and the treatment device  220 . In this manner, the treatment device may be modified, altered or contoured during service. In addition, it is contemplated that “on the fly” for near real-time modifications and adaptations may occur based upon the information received. Such an arrangement may provide for more efficient and effective water and/or wastewater treatment. 
       FIGS. 1 and 2  abstractly refer to a treatment device  120 ,  220 , which may be any water and/or wastewater treatment device as known in the art.  FIG. 3  illustrates a water and wastewater treatment device  30  comprising a plurality of treatment vessels ( 321 ,  322 ,  323 ,  324 ,  325 ). The treatment vessels can contain any number of types of material suitable for treating water or wastewater. For example, in its simplest form, the material could be sand or other filter material. Other materials can include those that import a treatment substance to the water or wastewater such as chlorine, for example. The remainder of this discussion will focus on the use of deionization systems comprising one or more treatment vessels that may comprise an anion, cation, or mixture of anion and cation exchange resins. Such a system may perform a deionization process on the water and wastewater using an ion exchange. 
     Each treatment vessel may comprise an ion exchange resin directed towards exchanging either cation or anions, or a mixture of both, from the fluid to be treated. The number of cation vessels, anion vessels, and mixture of cation and anion vessels may be altered depending upon the specific application and the impurities sought to be removed from the water to be treated. For example, treatment vessel  321  and  322  may comprise cation exchange resin, treatment vessels  323  and  324  may comprise anion exchange resin, and treatment vessel  325  may comprise both cation and anion exchange resin. This arrangement may be altered in any way applicable to the specific application, and certain types may be omitted (e.g., the vessels may only comprise anion exchange resin and cation exchange resin). 
     Fluid to be treated may travel to the water and wastewater treatment system  30  via conduit  310 . Treated water may depart the water and wastewater treatment system  30  via conduit  330 . The treatment vessels ( 321 ,  322 ,  323 ,  324 ,  325 ) may be connected by conduit  340  and may comprise a plurality of valves  350 . The use of conduit  340  and valves  350  provide flexibility in the treatment of the water and wastewater, as discussed more thoroughly with regard to  FIGS. 4A and 4B . 
     Directing attention to  FIG. 4A , a water and wastewater treatment system  40  may be operated in a parallel arrangement. Such arrangement may be accomplished through the opening of valves  450  so that the fluid to be treated may simultaneously flow through treatment vessels  421 ,  422 ,  423 ,  424 , and  425 .  FIG. 4B  illustrates a water and wastewater treatment system  40  that may be operated in serial arrangement. This serial arrangement may be accomplished through the partial closing of valves  450  so that the water to be treated sequentially flows through treatment vessels  421 ,  422 ,  423 ,  424 , and  425 . Utilizing control of valves  450 , any combination of serial and parallel systems may be accomplished. For example, the system may be configured for parallel arrangement through cation vessels  421  and  422 , followed by parallel arrangement through anion vessels  423  and  424 , serially followed by treatment through anion/cation vessel  425 . Those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize the various configurations that may be accomplished. 
     The ability to operate the water and wastewater treatment in various manners may be advantageous in order to adapt the system to specific applications or changing conditions. If a reduced efficiency or efficacy of the system is determined (for example, utilizing the multiple data points captured by monitors  110 ,  210  and  130 ,  230  as depicted in  FIGS. 1 and 2 ), the system may be configured differently. 
     Attention is now directed to  FIG. 5 , which depicts a mobile water and wastewater treatment system  50  in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention. Mobile water and wastewater treatment system  5  may comprise a mobile transportation device  510 , for example a trailer, a plurality of treatment vessels  520 , conduit  530  connecting the treatment vessels so that various treatment configurations may be accomplished, and system input  540  and output  550 . The mobile water and wastewater treatment system  50  may be transported to a location where treatment is desired. Such mobile systems may be used for numerous purposes and applications, for example for temporary treatment, supplementation to on-site installed treatment system, or for periodic treatment. 
     While permanently installed water and wastewater treatment systems may be designed and configured for the specific fluid to be treated, the mobile and somewhat transitory nature of mobile treatment devices  50  require that the systems be adaptable for various applications. This adaptability may be driven by the measured efficiency and efficacy of the system (as discussed above with regard to monitors  110 ,  210  and  130 ,  230 ), as well as for the particular application, location, and specifics of the fluid to be treated. Accordingly, in addition to providing flexibility in the arrangement of the treatment system (e.g., serial versus parallel arrangements, etc.), it is desirable to have a mobile system capable of further adaptations. Moreover, because of the time required to regenerate ion exchange resins used in the treatment vessels, such adaptability may provide the ability to quickly swap out effective treatment vessels with ineffective treatment vessels requiring regeneration. 
     Turning now to  FIGS. 6A and 6B , in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention a water and wastewater treatment system  60  that is transportable, portable and/or mobile is depicted. The system  60  may comprise a housing or trailer  610 , which comprises a plurality of treatment vessels  612 . The number and size of tanks in any particular trailer  610  can be varied depending on any number of factors such as the treatment capacity of the system. The treatment vessels  612  may contain cation exchange resin, anion exchange resin and/or a mixture of cation and anion exchange resin. The treatment vessels  612  may all be of the same size, or may be different sized vessels (for example, a treatment vessel  614  comprising a mixture of cation and anion exchange resin may be larger than the other treatment vessels  612 ). 
     Treatment vessels  612 ,  614  may comprise a fluid inlet  616  and a fluid outlet  618  for the fluid to be treated. Treatment vessels  612 ,  614  may also comprise a sealable resin access opening  628  through which the treatment material, for example ion exchange resins, may be added to and removed from the various treatment vessels. 
     In operation, fluid to be treated may be provided from the facility supplying the water or wastewater to be treated to system  60  via main inlet  624 . Main inlet  624  is depicted on the side of trailer  610 , but may be positioned or configured at any location on the trailer  610 . Fluid to be treated flows into main inlet  624  and into conduit  620 . Conduit  620  conveys the fluid to be treated into a fluid inlet  616  in each treatment vessel  612 ,  614 . Once treated by treatment vessels  612 ,  614 , treated fluid may exit the treatment vessels via fluid outlet  618  into conduit  622 . Conduit  622  may convey the treated fluid to main outlet  626  which may be connected to the facility supplying the water and wastewater to be treated, thereby returning treated fluid. 
     Note that conduits  620  and  622  may connect to the respective inlets and outlets  616  and  618  in any manner known in the art. However, because the quick adaptability of the system is advantageous, such connections are preferably with “quick connect” type (not shown) connectors so that the connections can be quickly and easily connected and disconnected from each treatment vessel  612 . 
     In order to provide quick adaptation of the system or regeneration of the ion exchange resin(s), the treatment vessels  612 ,  614  must be capable of being quickly removed and replaced in the system. However, such treatment vessels  612  must be properly secured during transportation. For example the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration requires all loads to be properly secured by at least two (2) points during transport. The present invention provides, among other things, a novel and advantageous system that abides by all carrier requirements for the transport of the water and wastewater treatment system while still providing for the quick adaptation of the system and/or exchange of the treatment vessels  612 . 
     Turning to  FIGS. 7A and 7B , a guide and locking system  70  will now be discussed. The guide and locking system  70  comprises a pair of spaced apart, elongated guide rails  732 . The guide rails  732  may be spaced apart by a selected distance which is measured to accommodate the support frame (to be discussed later) of the treatment vessels  612 . The spaced apart elongated rails  732  are constructed of any material and in any shape that provides the necessary support and structure, for example using metal angle iron. 
     For applications where the guide and locking system  70  is employed in a closed trailer, or van, the guide and locking system  70  may be configured to slide in and out of doors typically located at one distal end of the trailer. Additionally, for arrangements in closed trailers or vans, the guide and locking system  70  may be configured to easily align, guide, and slide treatment vessels along the guide rails without requiring removal of the guide rails  732  from the trailer. For such applications, the end portions of the rails  732  that are closest to the opening in trailer may comprise a guide portion  734  that may be configured to assist in the movement or sliding action of the support frame of a treatment vessel  10  from an opening in the trailer, along the floor of the trailer into and between the elongated rails  732 . For example, the guide portion  734  may comprise an angled guide portion at various angles. While various angles can be employed to suit particular treatment vessel support frames, the applicants have found that an angle of 22.5° is effective. 
     With continued reference to  FIGS. 7A and 7B , the locking and guide system  70  also may comprise a multiplicity of cross members  736  which may extend substantially perpendicularly across the space between the elongated rails  732 . Each of the treatment vessels  1022  is attached to a respective frame  1020  as shown in  FIG. 10 . Each of the frames  1020  includes a pair of parallel feet  1022  positioned between and in parallel alignment with the rails  732  as shown in  FIG. 12 . At least one cross member  736  extends over a top side of each of the pair of feet  1022  of a respective treatment vessel  1010  as shown in  FIG. 12  to removably attach the respective treatment vessel to the mobile device. There are sufficient cross members  736  such that each treatment vessel  12  is matched with a cross member  736 , preferably two cross members  736 , as will be described below. Cross members  736  may comprise a rounded portion  740  located at a proximal and distal end of the cross member  736 . 
     With reference to  FIGS. 8 and 9 , the locking and guide system may be configured so that each cross member  736  may be releasably locked into a selected position to accommodate a particular treatment vessel. One of the elongated rails  732  may comprise a lock receiving member  738  which may each receive a lock member in the form a rounded portion  740  on one end of the cross member  736 . In order to assist in the manual and machine-assisted manipulation of the cross members  736 , each cross member  736  may comprise a handle  742 . 
       FIG. 9  depicts the other end of the cross member  736  which has a bolt receiver member  959  that extends outwardly from the cross member. Bolt receiving member  956  receives a bolt  960 . The bolt receiving member  959  and bolt  960  together form a lock member. Lock receiving member  962  extends from elongated rail  732  and is typically fixed in a selected location such as by welding or the like. The lock receiving member  962  has an opening  963  which also receives bolt  960 . The lock receiving member  962  also has a member  964  which may have a threaded portion (not shown) for receiving the bolt. Rotation of the bolt  960  may cause the bolt  960  to release cross member  936  from the selected location through lock receiving member  964 . Other types of bolt, screw and fixing means can be employed as alternative structures to releasably secure cross member  936  to elongated rail  732 . 
     Attention is now directed to  FIG. 10 , which illustrates an exemplary treatment vessel  1010  that may be utilized in the locking and guide system in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention. Treatment vessel  1010  may be surrounded by a frame  1020  that may support the treatment vessel  1010  during transport, use, and regeneration. The frame  1020  may comprise a plurality of legs  1021 , which in turn may comprise one or more substantially horizontally oriented feet  1022 . The feet  1022  may be spaced just less than the distance the elongated rails  732  are spaced apart to assist in the sliding of the treatment vessel  1010  between the elongated rails  732 . Frame  50  may also comprise one or more reinforcing members  1023  that may extend between the feet  1022  in order to provide additional support and stability. 
     Each foot  1022  may extend longitudinally beyond its corresponding legs  1021  by a distance sufficient to allow the cross members  736 ,  936  to extend across and engage feet  1022 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 10 , a lift or other mechanical lifting device (e.g., forklift, etc.)  1030  may be utilized to transport the treatment vessel  1010  and frame  1020  as a single unit to and from a water treatment system. In this manner, the water treatment system can be quickly and efficiently modified, or exhausted treatment vessels may be swapped with fresh treatment vessels, so that the exhausted treatment vessels may undergo regeneration. 
     With reference to  FIG. 11 , each treatment vessel  1010  may comprise an internal conduit structure  1144  which may be connected to the inlet  1116  and outlet  1118 . The internal conduit structure  1144  may further comprise an inlet distributor  1146  and an outlet receiver  1148 . Outlet receiver  1148  may be configured in a hub and spoke arrangement, and may be located near the bottom of the treatment vessel to intake fluid that has flowed downwardly from an upper portion of the treatment vessel to a lower portion of the treatment vessel  1010 . The treatment vessel may comprise a filtration substance, such as an ion exchange resin, through which the fluid to be treated may flow from an upper portion of the treatment vessel, through the filtration substance, and into the lower portion of the treatment vessel. It should be understood that the structure illustrated in  FIG. 11  is merely exemplary and representative, and alternative structures may be employed. 
       FIG. 12  shows a cross member  936  extending over a top side of a foot  1022  with the assistance of handle  42 . Cross member  936  can be releasably locked into a selected position by engaging the bolt  960  which extends through a through hole in a lock member bolt receiver portion  959  for engagement with lock receiving member  962  which also has a threaded portion  964  to receive bolt  960 . Bolt  960  is rotated into a locked position or an unlocked position depending on whether the treatment vessel is to be “locked” or into an “unlocked” position. 
     Utilizing the apparatus described above, it is possible to provide a highly efficient mobile water and wastewater treatment system and method whereby a trailer transporting a filtration system can be easily moved to a site that produces water and/or wastewater in need of treatment such as deionization. The trailer can be moved to a selected position and “quick connect” water/wastewater to be treated can be supplied to inlet and a similar quick connect can be utilized for the treated water. Then, the flow of water to be treated can be initiated and treatment of water can proceed. The capacity and flow of water to be treated can be controlled by a controller such an electronic controller, not shown. Such controllers can monitor any number of process parameters, such as the degree of treatment of the treated water. This can help determine when the ion exchange resin in the water treatment tanks is in need of regeneration. Upon such a determination, the water treatment process can be discontinued. 
     If the water and wastewater treatment system needs to be modified, or if the ion exchange resin needs to be regenerated, the inlets and outlets for the system can be disconnected and the trailer removed. An alternative trailer with the appropriate filtration system (or with regenerated ion exchange resin) can then be connected to the fluid to be treated, thereby minimizing any down-time in the system. The trailer removed may be transported to a facility where the system may be modified and tailored to the specific application, or where the ion exchange resin can be regenerated. 
     Utilizing a guide and locking system in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention, treatment vessels  1010  may be equipped with quick connect couplings so that treatment vessels may be quickly installed and removed from the guide and locking system. In operation, to remove a treatment vessel it is disconnected from the quick connect couplings that provide fluid connection between the treatment vessel and the conduits mounted on the trailer. The feet foot  1022  of the treatment vessel is then unlocked from the cross members  936  and the treatment vessel may removed by sliding it along the elongated rails  732  and out of the trailer. 
     Although it is contemplated that the treatment vessels may be modified (e.g., regenerated or replacing one ion exchange resin with another) in the trailer, such modifications may be more convenient to make subsequent to removal of the treatment vessels from the trailer. 
     Treatment vessels (either different treatment vessels or the same treatment vessels that have been modified or regenerated) may then be reintroduced into the trailer by reversing the removal operation and sliding the treatment vessels along the elongated rails until they are in position and then locking the feet of the treatment vessels to the cross rails of the guide and locking system. 
     The systems and methods of the present invention greatly improve the efficiency of the water/wastewater treatment process since the change of treatment vessels within a trailer can be achieved in approximately one hour or less (compared to prior art systems that typically require five hours or more). The present invention also simplifies operations at the regeneration facility since there is no particular time pressure placed on the regeneration facility to quickly regenerate a particular treatment vessel. Since the treatment vessels are fungible, different treatment vessels  712  can be placed on a trailer as soon the existing treatment vessels are removed. This allows for a more consistent operation of the regeneration facility. 
     Although the apparatus and methods have been described in connection with specific forms thereof, it will be appreciated that a wide variety of equivalents may be substituted for the specified elements described herein without departing from the spirit and scope of this disclosure as described in the appended claims. For instance, if flatbed trailers are utilized, the cross rails may be permanently positioned substantially perpendicular to the elongated rails, and the cross rails, rather than the guide rails, may comprise an angled guide portion so that a forklift or similar device may be arranged in alignment with the cross rails for quick removal. Alternatively, the present invention may be configured for an environment equipped with a crane, and angled guide portions may be configured in more of a vertical arrangement to guide the insertion of treatment tanks onto the trailer and locking system via crane. Numerous modifications to the systems and methods of the present invention may be configured by one of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope of the present invention.