Abstract:
A method and system is provided for to keep a VOIP provider updated with a subscriber&#39;s physical location information whether the subscriber is using the IP phone for the first time or has moved the VOIP device away from the original subscription location. The VOIP device denies service until the subscriber has specified his or her updated location.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    None 
       FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    The present invention relates to providing voice over Internet Protocol (VOIP) providers a way of updating customer location information to meet E911 requirements. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0003]    The emergency “911” service began in 1965 as a result of cooperation between the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), telecommunications industry, and state regulators. Enhanced 911 (E911) began on wireline phone systems and includes the ability for the call center to collect caller-ID and location information from a caller during an emergency. Telecoms are able to provide this information for wireline phones, however wireless cellular phones and phones using Internet protocol (IP) technology, called voice over IP (VOIP) present new challenges for the E911 system. In 1995 the FCC issued order FCC 05-116. Chairman Martin issued a first order and notice of rulemaking to require VOIP providers to incorporate 911 emergency services into their systems that works similar to traditional phone service. He stated that currently, there are many VOIP providers that either do not provide their customers with any access to 911 emergency services or only provide 911 access in certain areas of the country. 
         [0004]    The order adopted by the FCC states that 911 services must be provided as a standard feature on every VOIP line. VOIP providers must provide E911 call features such as call back numbers and customer location information to the emergency operator and a must provide the customer a means of updating this information, whether he or she is at home or away from home. 
         [0005]    Federal regulations, Fed. Reg. Vol. 70, no 124 (Jun. 29, 2005) state “we require, within 120 days of the effective date of this Order, an interconnected VoIP provider must transmit all 911 calls, as well as a call back number and the caller&#39;s “Registered Location” for each call, to the PSAP [Public Safety Answering Point], designated statewide default answering point, or appropriate local emergency authority that serves the caller&#39;s Registered Location and that has been designated for telecommunications carriers under section 64.3001 of the Commission&#39;s rules. These calls must be routed through the use of ANI and, if necessary, pseudo-ANI, via the dedicated Wireline E911 Network, and the Registered Location must be available from or through the ALI Database. [H]owever, an interconnected VoIP provider need only provide such call back and location information as a PSAP, designated statewide default answering point, or appropriate local emergency authority is capable of receiving and utilizing.” 
         [0006]    In typical telecommunications systems, voice calls and data are transmitted by carriers from one network to another network. Networks for transmitting voice calls include packet-switched networks transmitting calls using voice over Internet Protocols (VoIP), circuit-switched networks like the public switched telephone network (PSTN), asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) networks, etc. Recently, voice over packet (VOP) networks are becoming more widely deployed. 
         [0007]    An example of networks and components for a VOIP call is illustrated in  FIG. 1 . In typical telecommunications systems, voice calls and data are transmitted by carriers from one network to another network. Networks for transmitting voice calls include packet-switched networks transmitting calls using voice over Internet Protocols (VoIP), circuit-switched networks like the public switched telephone network (PSTN), asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) networks, etc. Recently, voice over packet (VOP) networks are becoming more widely deployed. Many incumbent local exchange and long-distance service providers use VoIP technology in the backhaul of their networks without the end user being aware that VoIP is involved. In a packet network, a message to be sent is divided into separate blocks of data packets that are the same or variable lengths. The packets are transmitted over a packet network and can pass through multiple servers or routers. The packets are then reassembled at a receiver before the payload, or data within the packets, is extracted and reassembled for use by the receiver&#39;s computer. To ensure the proper transmission and re-assembly of the data at the receiving end, the packets contain a header which is appended to each packet and contains control data and sequence verification data so that each packet is counted and re-assembled in a proper order. A variety of protocols are used for the transmission of packets through a network. Over the Internet and many local packet-switched networks the Transport Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) suite of protocols is used to manage transmission of packets. 
         [0008]    A wired network can include a WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) leg. WLANs utilize RF (Radio Frequency) signals or light signals to connect mobile endpoints to each other or to a centralized gateway and transmit data over a wireless medium between the physical endpoints or between a mobile endpoint and an endpoint on a network that is connected to the WLAN. In 1997 the IEEE published standards for one type of WLAN under the title of 802.11 (also known as “Wi-Fi”). Currently, most of these networks are used for data access from laptop computers and personal digital assistants (PDAs). The basic hardware setup of an IEEE 802.11 network is the Basic Service Set (BSS), which is merely a number of endpoint stations that communicate with one another. In a BSS, IEEE 802.11 enables wireless mobile stations (STAs) to communicate through a wireless network interface directly with each other or with other stations through an access point. An access point (AP) is a centralized gateway providing message and power management and access to an external LAN (Local Area Network) and/or the Internet. An ESS is larger than a BSS and can be a combination of BSSs or a BSS and other associated network nodes, components, and LAN lines. An Independent Basic Service Set (IBSS), also called “ad-hoc” is merely a single BSS where two mobile STAs can communication with one another without the need for a master STA or AP. 
         [0009]    An example of a multimedia network capable of transmitting a VOIP call or real-time video is illustrated in  FIG. 1 . The diagram illustrates a network  10  that could include managed LANs and WLANs accessing the Internet or other Broadband Network  18  such as an packet network with IP protocols, Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), frame relay, or Ethernet. Network  10  includes many comments that are connected with devices generally known as “nodes.” Nodes include switches, routers, access points, servers, and end-points such as user&#39;s computers and telephones. The network  10  includes a media gateway  22  connected between broadband network  18  and IP phone  31 . On the other end, a residential media gateway  12  is connected to broadband network  18  and wireless access point (AP)  20 . AP  20  includes private wireless LANs (WLANs) and “hotspots,” that use “Wi-Fi” wireless network technology available for public use at retail establishments and commercial areas. AP  20  is connected between gateway  12  and wireless IP phone (WIPP)  16 , however, in many applications AP  20  is connected directly to broadband network  18 . WIPP  16  functions as a portable phone that connects to the broadband network  18  via AP  20  and can include VOIP call and service features present on any typical IP phone. Gateway  12  may also connect a traditional analog phone  14  to broadband network  18  to place IP calls to other phones on the network using gateway  20  as the point of VOIP functionality. Further, IP phone  34  may include VOIP functionality in the phone itself with need only of a router  32  for a broadband network  18  connection. A VOIP call may be placed between IP phone  34  and wireless IP phone  16  using appropriate soft IP phone service ware that facilitates the call. In this call, voice signals and associated control packet data are sent in a real-time media stream between IP phone  34  and WIPP  16 . 
         [0010]    A voice call may be placed between WIPP  16  to remote analog phone  31  through the Publicly Switched Telephone Network (PSTN)  28  and central office  30 . PSTN is also connected to broadband network  18  through a trunk gateway system that has components signal gateway  24 , media gateway controller/proxy (MGC)  22 , and trunk media gateway (MG)  26 . IP and packet data (e.g., real time protocol) associated with the call is routed between media gateway  12  and trunk MG  26 . A signaling component in MG  24  translates between VOIP signaling and PSTN  28  signaling to provide a mechanism to transport endband signaling, such as tones, over a packet network in a reliable fashion. A media gateway controller  22  is the controlling operator for the trunk GW  26  and signaling gateway  24 , responsible for processing protocol messages, security and user authentication, and monitoring processing resources. The trunk gateway system provides real-time two-way communications interfaces between the IP broadband network  18  and the PSTN  28 . 
         [0011]    A media gateway for residential and commercial applications is a bearer of network traffic and signaling interworking between the PSTN and VoIP. MG  12  uses VoIP for transmitting and receiving voice calls and is connected to broadband network  18  that may include the Internet. Access to the Internet from MG may be provided via cable modem, DSL (digital subscriber line) modem, high speed fiber network, frame relay access network, Internet backbone, etc. The media gateway also provides the service of mapping and translating functions and protocols between VoIP and traditional/conventional telephony devices, such as analog phone  16 . Services performed by MG  12  include voice compression, tone generation, tone detection, delay and jitter compensation, PLC, signaling mapping for PSTN subscriber signaling and VoIP signaling, echo cancellation, and packet media termination for packets coming from broadband network  18  since packets are not used in the analog side of the MG. MG  12  reverses its operations for voice signals originating in analog equipment; it takes analog signals from a subscriber telephone, converts them to packets, and transmits the packets across IP network  18 . 
         [0012]    A voice call may be placed between WIPP  16  to remote analog phone  31  through the PSTN  28  and central office  30 . PSTN is also connected to IP network  18  through a trunk gateway system that has components signal gateway  24 , media gateway controller/proxy (MGC)  22 , and trunk media gateway (MG)  26 . IP and packet data (e.g., real time protocol) associated with the call is routed between RGW  12  and trunk MG  26 . The trunk gateway system provides real-time two-way communications interfaces between the broadband network  18  and the PSTN  28 . 
         [0013]    There are numerous problems associated with including E911 services as a standard features for VOIP service. VOIP providers transmit calls through computer networks instead of the PSTN. Networks can include the Internet and numerous WANs and LANs throughout the nation. VOIP gateways and phones do not have a physical location identifier, instead they use a digital network address such as an IP address. VOIP phones can have phone numbers that are associated with the phone itself, and therefore the phone can be plugged in anywhere on network accessing the service provider and the phone will work. Obviously, 911 call centers have no way of knowing the exact, or even approximate, physical location of the VOIP phone solely based on the network address. 
         [0014]    What is needed is a way for VOIP providers to update their subscribers&#39; location information for IP phones in order to meet E911 regulations and goals setout from the FCC. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0015]    The preferred and alternative embodiments provide a way to keep a VOIP provider (VP) updated with a subscriber&#39;s physical location information whether the subscriber is using a VOIP device for the first time or has moved the VOIP device away from the original subscription location. The reference to a “VOIP device” includes devices for connecting to a network  18  that provide telephony transmissions and services over a data network. VOIP devices include an IP phone, a Wi-Fi wireless IP (WIPP) phone, a PC-based soft client, VOIP-enabled cordless phones, Internet Access Devices (IADs), a VOIP-enabled terminal adapter (TA), VOIP-enabled router, VOIP-enabled wireless LAN gateway, among others known in the art. The VOIP device denies service until the subscriber has updated or verified his or her physical location. Updating may be performed through the provider&#39;s customer service operator or a written communication such as an Internet Web site. Once the subscriber&#39;s information is provided, the VOIP device can then be notified by the VP that the physical location information is available. 
         [0016]    The preferred embodiment includes using the VOIP device&#39;s network address identification as a part of determining whether the device has been moved to a different physical location. The address identification includes an IP Address of the device, IP address of a gateway for the device, a DNS Address, or any other type of network address as known in the art. For explanation of the embodiments, a device&#39;s IP address will be referenced. The embodiments control the VOIP device to save its current IP address into memory. A change in IP address can be an indication of a change in network connection, which can be an indication of a physical movement of a device to a different geographic location. The device determines on its own an indication of whether it has been physically moved by finding if a current IP address is different than the last saved IP address. Upon detection of a change, the VP or the device can transmit a message to the phone to notify the user that he or she needs to update the physical address with the service provider. 
         [0017]    The message transmitted to the user&#39;s phone can be of various types, such as the VOIP device sending a command to play a special ringer on the handset, playing an announcement on the user&#39;s handset indicating that the user needs to update the location information, playing a special dial tone to that the user needs to update the information, and a VBD message such as caller-ID text to the phone&#39;s display screen. A device such as an IP phone that incorporates an screen such as an LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screen to display calling and service information could also display a message indicating a reason for lack of service. 
         [0018]    The message can either prompt the user to specify via the use of DTMF (Dual-Tone Multi-Frequency) digit that the current location information has not changed and is still accurate or that the user can update the location information, else the device can connect the user to customer care agent so that the location can be updated. A device with an LCD screen could provide a soft-key feature on the screen for the user to respond to the service message. The message can also be an audible announcement or other signal when a non-updated VOIP device goes off-hook. If a user responds that the current location information is not accurate, then VOIP service is stopped for the device. The user is then connected to the VP customer service or other service that can update the user&#39;s location information. The service is restored when notification is received from the VP that the user&#39;s location information is up-to-date. 
     
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0019]    For a better understanding of the nature of the present invention, its features and advantages, the subsequent detailed description is presented in connection with accompanying drawings in which: 
           [0020]      FIG. 1  is a network diagram of a Voice Over IP network; 
           [0021]      FIG. 2  is a flowchart comprising the preferred method for a new subscriber of a VOIP service; and 
           [0022]      FIG. 3  is a flowchart comprising the preferred and alternative methods for a VOIP device that has changed locations. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0023]    Referring again to  FIG. 1 , when a user with residential media gateway  12  first subscribes to service with a VOIP provider (VP), the user should have already given the VP the physical location of the VOIP device  12  corresponding to a street address or other geographic identifying location for emergency services. However, to meet E911 regulations, the provider can not be sure that the address used in the initial subscription application is the same address as a current location for an installed VOIP device.  FIG. 2  represents steps that a provider can implement for a first-time subscriber to insure that the VOIP device&#39;s current location is the same as the location information on record with the provider. 
         [0024]    When a subscriber buys a new service, the service provider can insure that it does not enable the service before initial location has been provided and verified by the subscriber. The VOIP device  12  subscribes for a notification, which could be under appropriate protocols such as the SIP Subscribe/Notify method. When a new provider goes off-hook for the first time S 44  the VOIP device detects that no initial location information has been provided and transmits S 46  a notice event to the users phone. Alternatively, the event could be transmitted by the SP to the phone. 
         [0025]    The event S 46  can result from different media and technical transmissions. Preferably, the event is announcement that plays on the telephone handset that indicates the reason for lack of service. The announcement can play the user&#39;s current location information on file. If the VOIP provider has the correct subscriber information S 48 , then the subscriber may press a DTMF digit or give a verbal response such as “yes” that is understood by voice recognition in the VOIP device and the call progresses S 50  normally under the VOIP subscription service. If the provider does not have subscriber location information or if the subscriber presses a DTMF digit or gives a “no” verbal response S 48 , then the method proceeds to the next decision block S 52 . At this point, the announcement S 46  plays on the phone indicating the reason for no service and queries the user to enter a DTMF digit or give a verbal response S 52  to connect the user to an operator. Alternatively, the user may be notified of an Internet Web address where the user may enter the location information. If no response is given at S 52  or the user selects not to enter location information, then the VOIP device blocks S 54  all calls except to the provider&#39;s customer care service until the user updates the device&#39;s location information with the VOIP provider. 
         [0026]    Alternatively, emergency calls to 911 and direct police, fire, and ambulance numbers continue to be handled so as not to cut off a user entirely from contacting emergency services. Once the user either contacts the provider by phone or by Internet, calls from the VOIP device are allowed S 58  as under the subscription S 60 . 
         [0027]    At step S 52 , if the user selects a DTMF digit, for example by pressing “1” on a phonepad, the user is directly connected to the VP operator S 56  so that the location information for the VOIP device can be provided. After the VP updates its E911 database, the provider sends an event message to the customer&#39;s VOIP device that allows the user to obtain a dial tone and place calls S 58  under the user&#39;s subscription service. The reference to a “VOIP device” includes devices for connecting to a network  18  that provide telephony transmissions and services over a data network. VOIP devices include an IP phone, a Wi-Fi wireless IP phone, a PC-based soft client, VOIP-enabled cordless phones, Internet Access Devices (IADs), a VOIP-enabled terminal adapter (TA), VOIP-enabled router, VOIP-enabled wireless LAN gateway, among others known in the art. 
         [0028]    The VOIP device also associates S 60  the location information and VP confirmation with the network address of the device. This can include any type of network addresses known in the art such as IP address, DNS address, etc. However, for purposes of describing the preferred and alternative embodiments, an IP address of a device is used. Further, because many VOIP devices are behind a NAT (Network Address Translation) address, the home gateway can use many different available mechanisms known in the art to obtain the IP address of the home router. If a device can not obtain its routable IP address, then the device can use its local “NATted” IP address or equivalent. Mechanisms also include universal plug and play (UPNP) and trace route. The IP address and location information is then saved in memory residing in the VOIP device and may also be transmitted to the VP for saving in memory. 
         [0029]    Referring to  FIG. 3 , a primary problem occurs with VOIP service after a user has established service and provided location information for the VOIP device S 62  and then the user moves the device to a different physical location such as a different street address, different suite or floor of an office building, or different building of a campus. A user connected through MG  12  or router  32  with phone  34  may move to a different home on a different network connection at  36  with phone  38  that connects to broadband network  18 . Alternatively, the user may take phone  34  to a hotel or business  40  and use as phone  42  on a different network connection. Even though the same device is used at the different locations, for E911 purposes the user&#39;s location needs to be updated with the VOIP provider. The preferred and alternative embodiments provide a mechanism to insure that the user updates the location information of the device. 
         [0030]    A preferred method to use as an initial prompt to query the user for updated information is to detect a power recycle (e.g., on/off/on) of the VOIP device S 66 . Although this may be an indication of merely a power failure, it could also indicate the device was turned off and moved to a new geographic location. Whenever a power recycle is detected S 66  in the VOIP device, the device detects the current routable IP address using steps in S 60  and compares S 72  with the saved IP address in the device. As a default mechanism, if no power recycle events are detected S 66  after a certain amount of time or use S 66 , a passive event will trigger a query to update or verify S 68  the user&#39;s location. When no passive event is triggered S 70 , such as time or minutes used, then calls are allowed S 86  as normal and the user continues to use the subscription service. 
         [0031]    In step S 74 , if the current IP address is the same as S 74  the saved IP address in the VOIP device, then no notice event is transmitted S 70  to the user and calls proceed as normal S 86 . This avoids interrupting the user with repeated and unnecessary messages asking for updated location information when all that may have occurred at the location are power outages due to weather, blackouts, or electrical service maintenance. However, if the current IP address is not the same as the saved IP address S 74 , or alternatively does not match a list or a range of saved IP addresses in the device, then a notice event message is sent S 76  to the user&#39;s handset by the VOIP device or alternatively could come from the VP. 
         [0032]    The message transmitted to the user&#39;s phone can be of various types. Preferably, the VOIP device sends a command to play a special ringer on the user&#39;s phone to notify the user that he or she needs to update the location information. Alternatively, when the user goes off-hook at the new location, and no new notification has been received by the VP indicating location update, the VOIP device can play an announcement on the user&#39;s telephone indicating that the user needs to update the location information. As a further alternative, the device could play a special dial tone to that the user needs to update the information. As a further alternative, the VOIP device may also transmit a message using VBD protocol, such as caller-ID, to the user&#39;s phone for display on the phone&#39;s display screen. A device such as an IP phone that incorporates or has an external LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screen or equivalent to display calling and service information could also display a message indicating a reason for lack of service. The display can be used to show current location information and update requests similar to using voice announcements. The text message can repeat the same verbal announcement, i.e. that the user needs to verify or update the phone&#39;s location information because the IP address has changed. After the message is delivered, the user may be provided S 78  with a number N of chances to respond prior to blocking calls S 80  from the phone. 
         [0033]    A default number of chances is one chance, but a reasonable number may be two or three chances in order to provide convenience to the user, who may be installing the phone in a different location and requires a few attempts to correct the location information, while protecting the VP&#39;s need to update its E911 databases with the new user contact information. A user that fails to response to the message S 76  or fails to provide the new location information has the calls blocked S 80  from the VOIP device. The user must then either contact the VP operator again or enter the updated information on an Internet Web site in order for service to be restored to the phone. 
         [0034]    In step S 82 , the user may enter a DTMF digit or a verbal response that confirms either no change in location has actually occurred, such as in the case of a user changing the Internet service provider (ISP) for the VOIP device. Alternatively, a dedicated key such as a DTMF digit or verbal response is provided by the user that connects the user to the VP operator so that the updated location information can be given to the VP&#39;s customer care center. If a device has a touch-sensitive LCD screen, then a soft key could be provided for the same function. Once the user&#39;s location information is updated S 84 , the VP provides service to the VOIP device again and calls are allowed S 86  under the user&#39;s subscription. After receiving a confirmation message in SIP or equivalent protocol from the VP, the VOIP device saves S 88  the new IP address and location information to memory. 
         [0035]    The present invention provides VOIP service providers a mechanism to maintain a database of a user&#39;s current physical location no matter where the device is connected to the broadband network  18 . The embodiments place the burden on the user to update his or her own IP phone location information for E911 purposes. By using a change of IP address as an indicator of movement of the VOIP device to a different location, the embodiments avoid annoying users with unnecessary interruptions in service or repeated queries to update information because of power outages or moving a VOIP device around the same house or office where the IP address remains the same. 
         [0036]    One skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention can be practiced by other than the described embodiments, which are presented for purposes of illustration and not limitation, and the present invention is limited only by the claims that follow.