Abstract:
PCT No. PCT/US79/00883 Sec. 371 Date Oct. 22, 1979 Sec. 102(e) Date Oct. 22, 1979 PCT Filed Oct. 22, 1979 
     Pilot injection of a high cetane fuel (16) and main injection of a relatively lower cetane fuel (16a) is accomplished by providing dual fuel, rotary controlled, pilot and main injection including a first rotating valve (32) for starting and stopping pilot injection of the high cetane fuel (16) through a first nozzle (46) and for starting main injection of the lower cetane fuel (16a) through a second nozzle (46a). A second rotating valve (32a) stops main injection of the lower cetane fuel (16a).

Description:
DESCRIPTION 
     1. Technical Field 
     This invention relates generally to internal combustion engines and more particularly to those having electrically controlled fuel injection. 
     2. Background Art 
     Electrical control of fuel injection is versatile and thus advantageous. In general, it allows accomplishment of several important objectives such as excellent control of exhaust emissions; improved engine response; programming of desired torque characteristics of the engine; programming of desired speed regulations; provision for rapid shutdown of engines; and improved fuel economy. 
     Pilot injection, using a liquid fuel such as diesel fuel, has been used in so called dual-fuel engines to ignite a charge of natural gas. Thus, the use of two separate and different fuels in a given engine is well known. 
     Another example of a dual fuel engines uses alcohol sprayed into the manifold of a supercharged engine providing aftercooling by evaporating the alcohol. Thus alcohol vapor and air mix and are ignited by a pilot injection of a high cetane fuel. 
     A rotary controlled fuel injection apparatus has been provided with dual rotary controlled valves for controlling the amount of fuel injected into an engine which reduced inertia forces associated with prior art valves used for fuel injection. These dual rotary valves have been applied to provide pilot and main injection. The prior art discloses electrical means for continuously rotating the dual valves. This electrical means is also disclosed as being capable of independent adjustment of one or both of the valves. In this manner, timing of pilot injection is controlled and both timing and duration of main injection is controlled. The prior art also discloses a well known logic system, for example, the universal fuel injection system, UFIS, which reads and interprets vehicle data such as engine speed, boost or manifold pressure, engine temperature, ambient temperature, altitude, load, etc. The UFIS is powered by the vehicular power system and can provide the appropriate adjustment to the dual rotors for controlling timing and duration of pilot and main injection in response to interpretation of the vehicle data. 
     A limitation of heretofore known dual rotary controlled fuel injection is that it has not been applied in situations for providing pilot injection of a first fuel and main injection of a second fuel. 
     The foregoing illustrates limitations of the known prior art. Thus, it is apparent that it would be advantageous to provide an alternative to the prior art. Accordingly, the present invention is directed to overcoming one or more of the limitations as set forth above. 
     DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION 
     In one aspect of the present invention, this is accomplished by providing dual fuel, rotary controlled, pilot and main injection including a first rotating valve for starting and stopping pilot injection of a first fuel through a first nozzle and for starting main injection of a second fuel through a second nozzle, and a second rotating valve for stopping main injection of the second fuel. 
     The foregoing and other aspects will become apparent from the following detailed description of the invention when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It is to be expressly understood, however, that the drawings are not intended as a definition of the invention but are for the purpose of illustration only. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     In the drawings: 
     FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view illustrating the apparatus and system of the present invention; 
     FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic view illustrating the fluidly interconnected rotary valves of the present invention; 
     FIG. 3 is an isometric view illustrating the first rotor of the present invention; 
     FIG. 4 is an isometric view illustrating the second rotor of the present invention; and 
     FIGS. 5-8 are partial diagrammatic views illustrating sequential movement of the first and second rotors causing pilot and main fuel injection. 
    
    
     BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION 
     In FIG. 1 a fuel injection system is generally designated 10 and includes a fuel injection apparatus generally designated 12. System 10 includes a first reservoir 14 for holding a supply of a first fuel 16, an easily ignitable or high cetane fuel to be pilot injected. Fuel 16 is pumped via conduit 18 by a well known pump 20 and preferably through a well known fuel filtering device 22. Conduit 18 delivers pumped fuel 16 to a chamber 23 of a bore 24 through an inlet 26. The pumped fuel 16 exits bore 24 through an outlet 28 and returns to reservoir 14 via a conduit 30. Within conduit 30 is a first valve 32 connected in a well known manner for rotating essentially at a constant speed. Due to the presence of a first blocking shoulder 34 which rotates with valve 32, fuel 16 can be blocked from returning to reservoir 14 via conduit 30 when shoulder 34 closes an inlet 36. A plunger 38, reciprocates in bore 24 in response to rotation of a first camshaft 40 having a lobe 42 which urges plunger 38 toward an end 44 of bore 24 thus closing inlet 26. A pilot injection mode occurs (a) when plunger 38 is moving toward end 44; (b) inlet 26 is closed by plunger 38; and (c) shoulder 34 closes inlet 36. As a result, fuel 16 is momentarily trapped and thus compressed in chamber 23 and injected through a nozzle 46. Pilot injection does not occur when shoulder 34 rotates to close an outlet 48 since, at that time, plunger 38 is moving away from end 44 and fuel 16 is no longer being compressed in chamber 23. 
     Also in FIG. 1, apparatus 12 includes a second reservoir 14a for holding a supply of a second fuel 16a, a less easily ignitable, or relatively low cetane fuel for main injection. Fuel 16a is pumped via conduit 18a by a well known pump 20a and preferably through a well known fuel filtering device 22a. Conduit 18a delivers pumped fuel 16a to a chamber 23a of a bore 24a through an inlet 26a. The pumped fuel 16a exits bore 24a through an outlet 28a and returns to reservoir 14a via a conduit 30a. Within conduit 30a are two branch conduits 30c,30d. Within branch conduit 30c is the first valve 32. Due to the presence of a second blocking shoulder 50 which rotates with valve 32, fuel 16a can be blocked from returning to reservoir 14a via branch conduit 30c when shoulder 50 closes an inlet 52. Within branch conduit 30d is a second valve 32a. Due to the presence of a third blocking shoulder 34a which rotates with valve 32a, fuel 16a can be blocked from returning to reservoir 14a via branch conduit 30d when shoulder 34a closes an inlet 36a. A plunger 38a, reciprocates in bore 24a in response to rotation of a second camshaft 40a having a lobe 42a which urges plunger 38a toward an end 44a of bore 24a thus closing inlet 26a. A main injection mode begins (a) when plunger 38a is moving toward end 44a; (b) inlet 26a is closed by plunger 38a; (c) shoulder 34a has closed inlet 36a and (d) shoulder 50 closes off inlet 52. A main injection mode ends (a) when plunger 38a is still moving toward end 44a; (b) inlet 26a is still closed by plunger 38a; (c) shoulder 50 continues to close off inlet 52; and (d) shoulder 34a has opened inlet 36. As a result, fuel 16a is trapped and thus compressed in chamber 23a and injected through a nozzle 46a. Main injection does not occur when shoulders 34a and 50 rotate to close their respective outlets 48a,54 since, at that time, plunger 38a is moving away from end 44a and fuel 16a is no longer being compressed in chamber 23a. 
     In FIGS. 2, 3 and 4, rotary valves 32,32a are illustrated in greater detail. Valves 32,32a are preferably in a housing 56 including bores 58,58a. An outer peripheral surfce 60 of valve 32 rotates in lubricated contact with bore 58 and includes a first groove 62 recessed into surface 60. Blocking shoulder 34 is formed on valve 32 in groove 62 and has a first arcuate length L1 which is of sufficient length to completely close off inlet 36 momentarily as shoulder 34 rotates past inlet 36. A second groove 64 is also recessed into surface 60. Blocking shoulder 50 is formed on valve 32 in groove 64 and has a second arcuate length L2 greater than L1. L2 is of more than sufficient length to completely close off inlet 52 as shoulder 50 rotates past inlet 52. The position of shoulder 50 relative to shoulder 34 is such that there is a fixed timed relationship, represented by a dimension designated X, which, together with properly placed ports 52 and 36, fix the timing between the end of pilot injection caused by shoulder 34 and the beginning of main injection caused by shoulder 50. An outer peripheral surface 66 of valve 32a rotates in lubricated contact with bore 58a and includes a third groove 68 recessed into surface 66. Blocking shoulder 34a is formed on valve 32a in groove 68 and has a third arcuate length L3 greater than L1 and L2. L3 is of more than sufficient length to completely close off inlet 36a as shoulder 34a rotates past inlet 36a. The position of shoulder 34a may be adjusted relative to shoulder 50 since, as it is known, valves 32,32a are relatively adjustable. However, the relative positions of shoulders 34a and 50 are such that shoulder 34a blocks inlet 36 a prior to shoulder 50 blocking inlet 52. As a result, fuel 16a is first blocked from passage through branch conduit 30d and is forced to pass through branch conduit 30c. Thus, when shoulder 50 blocks inlet 52, main injection is begun. Further, the relative positions of shoulders 34a and 50 are such that shoulder 34a opens inlet 36a prior to shoulder 50 opening inlet 52. As a result, fuel 16a is free to pass through branch conduit 30d while shoulder 50 continues to block inlet 52. Thus, when shoulder 34a opens inlet 36a, main injection ends. 
     FIGS. 5, 6, 7 and 8 sequentially illustrate pilot and main injection of two fuels 16,16a. In FIG. 5, shoulder 34 momentarily blocks inlet 36 thus limiting passage of first fuel 16 through conduit 30 via groove 62 and pilot injection of fuel 16 occurs. At the same time, fuel 16a freely passes through conduit 30a via branch conduit 30c and groove 64 and via branch conduit 30d and groove 68, thus no main injection occurs. 
     In FIG. 6, shoulder 34 opens inlet 36 thus permitting passage of first fuel 16 through conduit 30 via groove 62 and pilot injection ends. At the same time, fuel 16a is blocked from passing through branch conduit 30d and groove 68 due to shoulder 34a blocking inlet 48a. However, fuel 16a still freely passes through conduit 30a via branch conduit 30c and groove 64, thus no main injection occurs. 
     In FIG. 7, shoulder 34a still blocks inlet 48a thus closing branch conduit 30d and simultaneously, shoulder 50 blocks inlet 52 which also closes the free flow of fuel 16a through conduit 30a via branch conduit 30c and groove 64. Thus main injection is begun by shoulder 50. 
     In FIG. 8, shoulder 50 continues to block inlet 52 closing the flow of fuel 16a through conduit 30a via branch conduit 30c and groove 64. However, shoulder 34a opens inlet 48a and permits free flow of fuel 16a through conduit 30a via branch conduit 30d and groove 68. Thus, main injection is ended by shoulder 34a. 
     Industrial Applicability 
     The fuel injection apparatus 12 of this invention is applicable in a system 10 providing an easily ignitable or high cetane fuel to be pilot injected followed by a less easily ignitable or relatively low cetane fuel to be main injected. The purpose is to conserve petroleum based fuels and greatly facilitate usage of other fuels such as syncrude, shale oil, methanol, other alcohols, and mixtures of low cetane fuels, etc. The apparatus includes first and second valves 32,32a, rotating at essentially constant speed, and two fuel pumps 20,20a. The first of the rotors 32 provides pilot injection of a fixed duration, the timing of which is adjustable. The same rotor 32 provides for the starting of main injection, the timing of which is also adjustable in fixed relationship with the timing of pilot injection. The second of the rotors 32a provides for stopping main injection. The second rotor 32a being adjustable relative to the first rotor 32, permits adjustment of the duration and stopping of main injection. With appropriate modifications, it will be obvious to the skilled artisan that this apparatus may be adaptable to various engines. 
     The foregoing has described an apparatus having rotary valves for providing pilot injection of a first fuel and main injection of a second fuel. 
     It is anticipated that aspect of the present invention, other than those specifically defined in the appended claims, can be obtained from the foregoing description and the drawings.