Abstract:
A medication monitoring system including a patient information unit having a processor, a memory and a patient monitoring unit and a program executing in the memory executing the steps of communicatively coupling a first device with a second device, transmitting live images from the first device to the second device, analyzing the content of the live images to identify at least one biometric attribute of a user in the image and at least one bar code on a container in the image, determining whether the bar code is associated with at least one biometric attribute, and notifying the user whether to consume the contents of the container based on the association of the bar code with the biometric attribute.

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 14/608,478 filed Jan. 29, 2015, titled “SYSTEM AND METHOD OF MONITORING AND CONFIRMING MEDICATION DOSAGE”, which claims the benefit of and the priority from U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/934,275 filed Jan. 31, 2014, titled “SYSTEM AND METHOD OF MONITORING AND CONFIRMING MEDICATION DOSAGE”. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    As the population ages, more and more people will find themselves requiring complicated therapies such as biotechnology self-injectable medications to manage/cure their disease or improve their quality of life. Many of the medications will require a user to become familiar with the clinical nature of the medications, how they interact with other medications they may be taking, how to store the medications and importantly how to inject themselves with a syringe to deliver the medication. The volume of information required to be learned is daunting. Injecting one&#39;s self with a needle may be an intimidating task that raises many questions on the proper method of injecting the syringe. A need exists for a method of facilitating patient knowledge associated with these complex therapies. A need exists also for facilitating and ease of use with unique and specialized healthcare services like confirming that the proper dosage of medication is injected into a user in the most effective area of the body. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0003]    One embodiment of the present invention includes a medication monitoring system including a patient information unit having a processor, a memory and a patient monitoring unit and a program executing in the memory executing the steps of communicatively coupling a first device with a second device, transmitting live images from the first device to the second device, analyzing the content of the live images to identify at least one biometric attribute of a user in the image and at least one bar code on a container in the image, determining whether the bar code is associated with at least one biometric attribute, and notifying the user whether to consume the contents of the container based on the association of the bar code with the biometric attribute. 
         [0004]    Another embodiment includes the step of analyzing the content of the live image includes determining the contents of the container based on the bar code. 
         [0005]    In another embodiment, a video is steamed from the first communication device to the second communication device if the contents of the container are associated with the user. 
         [0006]    In another embodiment, the video includes instructions on how to properly administer the contents of the container. 
         [0007]    In another embodiment, the contents of the container are a medication prescribed to the user. 
         [0008]    In another embodiment, the medication is a liquid medication. 
         [0009]    In another embodiment, the step of analyzing the contents of the live image includes the step of determining the level of the liquid medication in the container. 
         [0010]    In another embodiment, the level of the liquid in the container is determined by identifying a line representing the top surface of the liquid in the container. 
         [0011]    In another embodiment, the medication is a pill. 
         [0012]    Another embodiment includes the step of analyzing the live image includes determining whether the proper amount of medication is withdrawn from the container by comparing levels before and after the medication is withdrawn. 
         [0013]    Another embodiment of the present invention includes a medication monitoring system including a patient information unit having a processor, a memory and a patient monitoring unit and a program executing in the memory executing the steps of communicatively coupling a first device with a second device, transmitting live images from the first device to the second device, analyzing the content of the live images to identify at least one biometric attribute of a user in the image and at least one bar code on a container in the image, determining whether the bar code is associated with at least one biometric attribute, and notifying the user whether to consume the contents of the container based on the association of the bar code with the biometric attribute, providing information to the user on the proper method of preparing the contents of the vial for consumption, analyzing the content of the live images after notifying the user to determine whether the user has prepared the contents of the container for consumption, notifying the user of the user&#39;s compliance with the previously provided information. 
         [0014]    In another embodiment, the information provided to the user includes a video depicting the preparation of the contents in the container for consumption. 
         [0015]    Another embodiment includes the steps of providing instructions to the user relating to the proper administration of the contents of the container. 
         [0016]    Another embodiment includes the step of analyzing the content of the live images to determine if the user is properly administering the contents of the container. 
         [0017]    Another embodiment includes the step of notifying the user if the user is not properly administering the contents of the container. 
         [0018]    In another embodiment, the notification includes providing information relating to correction actions the user can take to properly administer the contents of the container. 
         [0019]    In another embodiment, the contents of the container are a liquid medication. 
         [0020]    In another embodiment, the contents of the container are administered using a syringe. 
         [0021]    In another embodiment, the medication must be administered to a specific location of the body. 
         [0022]    In another embodiment, the step of analyzing the content of the live images to determine if the user is properly administering the contents of the container includes determining if the user is administering the liquid to the correct location of the body. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0023]      FIG. 1  depicts a block diagram of a medication monitoring system suitable for use with the methods and systems consistent with the present invention; 
           [0024]      FIG. 2A  shows a more detailed depiction of the client device of  FIG. 1 ; 
           [0025]      FIG. 2B  shows a more detailed depiction of the patient information unit of  FIG. 1 ; 
           [0026]      FIG. 3A  depicts a process of remotely instructing a user in the use of a pharmaceutical; 
           [0027]      FIG. 3B  depicts an embodiment of a technician interface used during a video conference; 
           [0028]      FIG. 3C  depicts an embodiment of the technician interface used while a portion of the video stream is recorded; 
           [0029]      FIG. 3D  depicts an embodiment of an interface used by a patient; 
           [0030]      FIG. 4  depicts a schematic representation of a process executed by the image analysis unit operating on the client device; and 
           [0031]      FIG. 5  depicts a schematic representation of a process executed by the image analysis unit. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0032]      FIG. 1  depicts a block diagram of a medication monitoring system  100  suitable for use with the methods and systems consistent with the present invention. The medication monitoring system  100  includes a client device  102 , a patient information unit  104  and a remote device  106  connected to one another via a network  108 . The network is of the type suitable for connecting the client device  102 , patient information unit  104  and remote device  106  such as a circuit-switched network or a packet-switched network. Also, the network  108  may include a number of different networks, such as a local area network, a wide area network such as the Internet, telephone networks including telephone networks with dedicated communication links, connection-less network, and wireless networks. The client device  102  includes an image capture unit  110  and an image analysis unit  112 . The image capture unit  110  may be any image capturing device such as a digital camera. The patient information unit  104  includes a patient information unit  114 , video connection unit  116  and patient management unit  118 . 
         [0033]      FIG. 2A  shows a more detailed depiction of the client device  102 . The client device  102  comprises a central processing unit (CPU)  202 , an input output (I/O) unit  204 , a display device  206 , a secondary storage device  208 , a memory  210  and an image capture unit  110 . The client device  102  may further comprise standard input devices such as a keyboard, a mouse, a digitizer, or a speech processing means (each not illustrated). 
         [0034]    The client device  102 &#39;s memory  210  includes a Graphical User Interface (GUI)  212  which is used to gather information from a user via the display device  206  and I/O unit  204  as described herein. The GUI  214  includes any user interface capable of being displayed on a display device  206  including, but not limited to, a web page, a display panel in an executable program, or any other interface capable of being displayed on a computer screen. The secondary storage device  208  includes an image analysis unit  216 . Further, the GUI  214  may also be stored in the secondary storage unit  208 . In one embodiment consistent with the present invention, the GUI  214  is displayed using commercially available hypertext markup language (HTML) viewing software such as, but not limited to, Microsoft Internet Explorer®, Google Chrome® or any other commercially available HTML viewing software. 
         [0035]      FIG. 2B  shows a more detailed depiction of the patient information unit  104 . The patient information unit  104  comprises a CPU  222 , a I/O unit  224 , a display device  226 , a secondary storage device  228 , and a memory  230 . Patient information unit  104  may further comprise standard input devices such as a keyboard, a mouse, a digitizer, or a speech processing means (each not illustrated). The secondary storage device  228  may include a patient information unit  234 . The patient information storage unit  234  may be a database such as an Oracle, SQL or Access database. 
         [0036]    The memory  230  in patient information unit  104  includes a GUI  232  which is used to gather information from a user via the display device  226  and I/O unit  224  as described herein. The GUI  232  includes any user interface capable of being displayed on a display device  226  including, but not limited to, a web page, a display panel in an executable program, or any other interface capable of being displayed on a computer screen. The GUI  232  may also be stored in the secondary storage unit  228 . In one embodiment consistent with the present invention, the GUI  232  is displayed using commercially available HTML viewing software such as, but not limited to, Microsoft Internet Explorer®, Google Chrome® or any other commercially available HTML viewing software. 
         [0037]      FIG. 3A  depicts a process of remotely instructing a user in the use of a pharmaceutical. In step  302 , a user of a pharmaceutical receives a package including the pharmaceutical and dispensing equipment such as syringes. The package may include instructions for the user to connect to an external location using video communication system including, but not limited to, Skype, Facetime or Vidyo. In step  304 , the user connects to the external location and initiates a video communication session via the video connection unit  114 . When the user connects to the remote location via the video connection unit  114  a professional, such as a pharmacist trained in the administration of the pharmaceuticals included in the package, will discuss the correct method of taking each of the medications included in the package. Further, the professional will answer any questions posed by the user concerning the usage, storage or any other aspect of the pharmaceutical. 
         [0038]    In step  306 , the professional will have a similar package as the patient and may ask the user to remove each item in the package one item at a time with the professional, so the professional can describe each item and instruct the user in its proper use. The professional may also instruct the user in how to administer a dose of each pharmaceutical included in the package. As an illustrative example, the professional may instruct a user in the proper method to draw a pharmaceutical from a vial and inject the pharmaceutical. In step  308 , the professional confirms that the correct pharmaceuticals have been sent to the user, and that the user understands when and how to administer each pharmaceutical. The professional may also confirm that the proper dosage of the pharmaceutical is taken by the user. In step  310 , the professional instructs the user by demonstrating proper pharmaceutical drawing and syringe insertion on an object representing the user&#39;s body. In step  312 , the professional views the user administering the medication. In step  314 , the professional provides comments and observations to assist the user in properly administering the pharmaceutical. 
         [0039]      FIG. 3B  depicts an embodiment of a technician interface used during a video conference. The interface includes a video display portion  320  that is configured to display a video image of the user after the connection is established. The top portion of the interface includes a patient name gathering portion  322 , a date gathering portion  324  and a medication listing portion  326 . The medication listing portion  326  may allow the professional to view and select any of the medications currently prescribed to the user. In addition, the medication listing portion may allow the professional to add new medications to the list of medications prescribed to the user. A video portion  328  is positioned on one side of the video display portion  320  to allow the professional to view all recorded video associated with the user and each medication prescribed to the user. In one embodiment, when the professional selects a new medication from the medication listing portion  326 , a listing of recorded video associated with the user and the medication are displayed in the video portion  328 . A record button  330  allows the user to record any portion of the video stream from the video conference to the information storage unit  234 . 
         [0040]      FIG. 3C  depicts an embodiment of the technician interface used while a portion of the video stream is recorded. When the record button is engaged, the video portion  320  displays a notes section  332  allowing the professional to enter observations concerning the user including observations of the user injecting and taking the medication. After the recording is stopped by the stop recording button  334 , the notes are stored in the information storage unit  234  and are associated with the user, the video clip and the medication. The professional may also prevent the user from viewing the video clip by selecting the viewable by patient box  336 . 
         [0041]    The professional may record each session with the user to allow the user to replay the session at a later time. Further, the professional may provide the user with additional information in the form of documents and video segments to assist the user in the administration of the pharmaceutical. The professional may present the documents and/or video segments during the video communication session or may forward the user to a website containing the additional information. The professional may also end the call by asking the user a series of questions directed at ascertaining the user&#39;s understanding of the information covered during the video communication session. If the user fails to answer a predefined number of questions correctly, the professional may request a follow up video communication with the user to review the information covered in the video communication session and mark the follow up in the notes section  332  of the display. In one embodiment, the follow up conversation is transmitted to a scheduling system, such as Microsoft Outlook, and a reminder notice is automatically generated and transmitted to the user and the professional after a predetermined period of time has elapsed. 
         [0042]    When the interface is executed, the video conferencing unit  116  retrieves all video stored in the information storage unit  234  that is associated with the user along with all notes associated with the user. In one embodiment, the system allows a professional to search for video portions associated with a user or with a medication. By allowing the professional to search and view video portions on a specific user or medication, the professional can quickly learn important information on a user or medication. As an illustrative example, video and note can be stored commemorating the first instance a user took a medication by a first professional. The recorded video and note can be viewed at a later time by a second professional who is unfamiliar with the patient to familiar the second professional with the user and the user&#39;s interactions and reactions to the medication. 
         [0043]      FIG. 3D  depicts an embodiment of an interface used by a patient. The interface includes the name gathering portion  322 , date portion  324  and a video selection portion  320 . The video selection portion  320  displays a listing of all recorded video the patient is allowed to view. When the interface is executed, the video connection unit  116  retrieves all video portions associated with the patient and authorized for patient viewing from the information storage unit  234  and displays them in the video portion. When selected, each video portion will be displayed in the video display portion  320 . In one embodiment, the patient management unit  118  may monitor the number of times a user views a video and may transmit a request for an additional consultation to the patient to confirm their understanding of the treatment. In another embodiment, the patient management unit  118  may notify a professional when a patient views a video more than a predetermined number or times. In another embodiment, the patient management unit  118  may create a notification in the video conferencing unit  116  to notify the next professional contacting the patient that the patient has viewed a video multiple times. 
         [0044]      FIG. 4  depicts a schematic representation of a process executed by the image analysis unit  112  operating on the client device  102 . In step  402 , the image analysis unit  104  retrieves a user identification associated with the client device  102  or the client. The identification may be a user name and password, a biometric identifier such as a finger print or a iris scan, a phone number associated with the client device, or any other attribute that can identify the user of the client device  102 . In one embodiment, the image capture unit  110  may capture an image of the user&#39;s body and compare the image to a known image of the user&#39;s body to determine the identification of the user. In step  404 , the image analysis unit  112  transmits a message including the client identification to the patient information unit  104  to retrieve medication and dosage information from the patient information storage unit  114 . The medication and dosage information may include bar code information of the medication previously sent to the client, the type and quantity of the medication being taken by the patient, the duration between dosages for the patient, and the size and type of syringe used to inject the medication. 
         [0045]    In step  406 , the image capture unit  110  captures the image of a bar code affixed to the medication previously provided to the user. To capture the image of the bar code, the image capture unit  110  captures a digital image of the bar code which is passed to the image analysis unit  112 . The image analysis unit  112  determines the bar code value by analyzing the widths and spacings in the bar code to determine the bar code value. In step  408 , the image analysis unit compares the bar code value captured from the medication with the bar code value sent from the patient information storage unit  114 . In step  410 , if the values do not match, the image analysis unit  112  notifies the user to not take the medication and provides detailed instructions to the user on how to return the medication for replacement. The image analysis unit  112  may also transmit an incorrect medication notice to the remote device  106  to notify the sender of the medication that the incorrect medication was sent to the user. 
         [0046]    In determining if the medication is the correct medication for the user, the image analysis unit  112  may also analyze the label affixed to the medication vial to determine the medication is the correct medication for the user. The image analysis unit  112  may perform object character recognition on an image of the label to determine the name and concentration of the medication sent to the user. The image analysis unit  112  may compare the name and dosage information with the name and dosage information provided by the patient information storage unit  114 . If the information from the vial does not match the information from the patient information unit  114 , the image analysis unit  112  notifies the user and the remote device  106  o the incorrect medication. 
         [0047]    In step  412 , if the medication is the correct medication, the image analysis unit  112  may retrieve a video and information on injecting the medication properly from the memory  210  and present the video to the user for viewing. In another embodiment, the image analysis unit  112  may initiate a communication connection with a pharmacist operating the remote device  106  to describe the appropriate method of injecting the medication. The communication connection may be established using any known communication method including a cellular phone call, or by a video conferencing session using video conferencing software such as Skype or Facetime. In one embodiment, the communications between the pharmacist is recorded and stored in the patent information storage unit  104  and is associated with the patient information. The image analysis unit  112  may provide an interface where the user retrieves the stored video for later viewing. 
         [0048]    In step  414 , the image analysis unit  112  retrieves an image of the vial holding the medication to determine the level of the liquid in the vial. The image analysis unit  112  may instruct the user to capture an image of the vial using a digital camera in the client device. In step  416 , the image analysis unit  112  determines the level of the liquid in the vial based on the captured image. To determine the level, the image analysis unit  112  identifies the outline of the vial using known pixel analysis techniques such as Canny edge detection or SUSAN edge detection or any other known edge detection technique, and measures the distance from the a known reference point, such as the top of the vial to the top surface of the liquid level. The image analysis unit  112  can then determine the volume remaining in the vial using the dimensions in the vial that are retrieved from the patient information storage unit  114 . In addition, the image analysis unit  112  identifies the top level of the liquid in the vial using the same or similar edge detection techniques. In the event the level in the vial is below a threshold value, the image analysis unit  112  may notify the remote device  106  that a refill of the medication is required. The image analysis unit  112  may notify the remote device  106  using any known messaging method including SMS messaging, e-mail, connecting to an order entry system via an ODBC connection or any other method of automatically ordering medication. 
         [0049]    In step  418 , the image analysis unit  112  notifies the user to draw a specific dosage from the vial into a syringe. In step  420 , the image analysis unit requests the user capture an image of the syringe filled with the medication. In step  422 , the image analysis unit  112  determines the level of liquid in the syringe and the dosage amount using the edge detection techniques described previously. The image analysis unit  112  may analyze the liquid level indicator markings on the side of the syringe and compare the proximity of the liquid level to the level indicator markings on the side of the syringe to determine the level of the medication in the syringe. 
         [0050]    The image analysis unit  112  may also analyze the image of the syringe for proper placement to determine the liquid level shown in the image is accurate. As an illustrative example, the image analysis unit  112  may determine the angle between the edge of the syringe and the liquid level line to determine if the syringe is tiled while the image was taken. If the syringe is tilted, the image analysis unit  112  recalculates the liquid volume in the syringe using the known dimensions of the syringe that are stored in the patient information storage unit  114 . In step  324 , the image analysis unit  112  compares the dosage in the syringe with the prescribed dosage from the patient information system  114 . If the dosage in the syringe is outside a dosage threshold, the image analysis unit  112  notifies the user to redraw the dosage in to the syringe. In step  326 , if the dosage is within the predetermined dosage threshold, the image analysis unit  112  notifies the user to inject the dosage. 
         [0051]    In one embodiment, the image analysis unit  112  records the time and type of each medication taken by the user. When the user requests the next dosage of medication be taken, the image analysis unit  112  determines if the correct interval has expired for the user to take the next dose. The image analysis unit  112  may provide a user interface such as a clock showing the time remaining before the next dose may be taken, or may provide an audible alarm notifying the patient when the next dosage is due to be taken. 
         [0052]      FIG. 5  depicts a schematic representation of a process executed by the image analysis unit  112 . In step  502 , the image analysis unit  112  retrieves the injection information associated with a user and with a medication associated with the user from the patient information storage unit  114 . In step  504 , the image analysis unit  112  displays the area of the body where the user should inject the medication. In step  506 , the image analysis unit  112  captures an image of the injection region on the user&#39;s body. In step  508 , the image analysis unit  112  identifies the edges of the injection region using the edge detection techniques previously discussed. The edges of the region may be identified by first identifying an edge of the user&#39;s body, such as the edge of an arm, and measuring a predefined distance from the edge. The image analysis unit  112  may request the user place an item of a known size, such as a coin, in the image to set a distance scale for the image. 
         [0053]    In step  510 , the image analysis unit  112  identifies the location of the injection point on the image. The image analysis unit  112  may determine the injection point using a distance from an identified edge, such as the side of an arm, to determine where the needle should be injected. In step  512 , the image analysis unit  112  high lights the location of the injection point on the image of the user&#39;s body. In step  514 , the image analysis unit  112  requests the user place the needle of the syringe at the injection location. In step  516 , the image analysis unit  112  captures an image of the needle at the injection location. In step  518 , the image analysis unit  112  compares the location of the needle in the captured image to the calculated injection location. In step  520 , if the needle is in the proper injection location, the image analysis unit  112  requests the user inject the needle. In step  522 , if the needle is not in the proper location, the image analysis unit  112  instructs the user to move the needle to the proper location. The image analysis unit  112  may also confirm the needle is positioned at the proper angle for insertion into a vein. 
         [0054]      FIG. 6  depicts a schematic representation of a process performed by the patient information unit  104 . In step  602 , the video connection unit  116  connects a user to a technician via a live video connection using any of the previously methods of establishing a video connection. In step  604 , a trained technician retrieves information from a user connected via the video connection. The information may include, but is not limited t the patient&#39;s name, date of birth. 
         [0055]    It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and are intended to provide further explanation of the invention claimed. The disclosed configuration is the preferred embodiment and is not intended to preclude functional equivalents to the various elements. 
         [0056]    The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute part of this specification, are included to illustrate and provide a further understanding of the invention. Together with the description, the drawings serve to explain the principles of the invention.