Abstract:
A solar energy collection system comprised of non-penetrating structural components wherein the solar collectors including the structure are restrained from movement by wind energy redirection, and an interlocking cable restraint system.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     Statement Regarding Federally Sponsored Research or Development 
       [0001]    There has been no federally sponsored research on this project. 
       Reference to Sequence Listing, a Table, or a Computer Program Listing Compact Disc Appendix 
       [0002]    Not Applicable 
       FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0003]    This invention relates to a mechanism for manufacturing, shipping, constructing, securing, and controlling roof or structure mounted photovoltaic modules. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0004]    Racking systems for photovoltaic modules are used for all types of installations from ground mount systems to rooftop systems. There are three basic categories of methods used to support photo voltaic modules.
       1. Anchoring: Stationary racks that are connected directly to the structural members of the building that they are mounted on. These racks fall into different sub-categories.   a. Racks that support the modules at a predetermined angle away from the roof surface and toward the sun connecting directly to the roof structural members.   b. Racks that connect directly to the roof structure running parallel to the roof surface.   2. Ballasted: Racks that do not connect to the roof structure and are held in place by weighted objects that attempt to counteract the effects of wind.
           This method requires large amounts of weight to be added to a roof structure. To support the additional weight the roof must be engineered and then sometimes modified so as to support the additional weight. This type of system is prone to movement when exposed wind gusts.   
           3. Hold-downs: Racks that are held down using mechanical hold-down mechanisms which are connected directly to the structural members of the roof. This method requires that the waterproof roof membrane must be removed to install the hold-down and then replaced. The racking is then connected to the hold-down by a cable connection.   4. The known prior art (Photovoltaic Racking Systems), cannot be assembled on shipping pallets without dead air space between the components. This causes additional costs to be incurred when shipping the racking.   5. Continuous electrical continuity is required between all conductive (metal) components of the system. This includes the photovoltaic panels and all racking components.   6. Lightning protection is commonly required to protect the system components and building structure. A method of connecting the photovoltaic panels and racking is required to connect the components to a lightning protection system.   7. Accordingly there is a need for a system that can be mass manufactured, shipped in an economical method and secured to structures in a method that will not violate the waterproof roof membrane and will not create undue burden on the roof structure by adding weighted ballast.   8. The industry standard at this time is for photovoltaic panels to be installed one unit at a time. This is inefficient and creates economic disadvantages.       
 
       BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0016]    It is an object of the present invention to provide a method of securing and supporting photovoltaic panels, on a roof or other structure, without employing roof penetrations. The present invention does not use weighted structures (ballasted structures) to hold the photovoltaic panels down on the roof. The object provided can be manufactured at a remote plant and then shipped using standard methods without dead air space between the components. 
         [0017]    The invention provided contains a unique method of securing the racking, providing electrical continuity between all metal components and providing a unique method of connecting to lightning protection. 
         [0018]    The object of invention provides a unique mechanism that uses wind energy to offset wind energy. 
         [0019]    The object of invention uses wind energy to restrain the racking system. 
       Description of Drawings 
       [0020]    The object of invention provides a unique method of securing photovoltaic panels of all types and sizes in groups of three to eighteen or more. 
         [0021]    This method of securing provides a unique method of mass producing racked panels for efficient economical installation. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0022]    Drawing  1 . Side view Support Structure in accordance with complete invention. 
           [0023]    Drawing  2 . Side view of the cable tension component in accordance with complete invention. 
           [0024]    Drawing  3 . Schematic view of the cable tension assembly in accordance with complete invention. 
           [0025]    Drawing  4 . Rear view of the inverted wing assembly in accordance with complete invention. 
           [0026]    Drawing  5 . Side view of the inverted wing component in accordance. 
           [0027]    Drawing  6 . Side view of the photovoltaic assembly. 
           [0028]    Drawing  7 . Side view of the non-penetrating cable restraint anchor/tensioning mechanism. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0029]    Referring to Drawing  1 . 
         [0030]    Drawing  1 . is a side view of the support structure. 
         [0031]    Component  1 . is a rectangular tube which creates the base plate which accepts the weight of the components mounted on the support structure. 
         [0032]    Component  2  is a rectangular tube which makes up the top plate which provides vertical support for components to be installed on the support structure. 
         [0033]    Component  3  is a rectangular tube which provides vertical support and transmits a portion of the weight of component  2  and components  33 ,  34 ,  35  and  36  (shown on DWG # 6 ) that are mounted onto component  2 . 
         [0034]    Components  4  and  5  are rectangular tubes cut to angle and fit for insert into cutouts  9  and  10  of component  1 ,  8  and  11  of component  2 . Components  4  and  5  are included for the even distribution of weight loads impressed on component  2 . They may be added as needed. 
       Description of the Drawings 
       [0035]    Components No.  6 ,  7 ,  8 ,  9 ,  10 ,  11  and  12  are factory cutouts, cutouts are accomplished using a plasma cutter removing the top portion of the rectangular metal tube. 
         [0036]    The cutouts create a void which the bottom and top ends of components  3 ,  4 , and  5  can slip into and be secured by a stainless steel nut and bolt at the time of assembly at the final installation location. 
         [0037]    Components  13 ,  14 ,  15 ,  16 ,  17 ,  18  and  19  are stainless steel nut/washer and bolt assemblies used to secure and contain all components. 
         [0038]    Component  20  is a UV protected malleable rubber base. Component  20  is attached to component  1  using an epoxy adhesive. Component  20  is precut and factory installed. 
         [0039]    All surfaces of each component of the support structure after manufacture are flat. All components may be stacked, one on top of the other without dead air space between the components. 
         [0040]    All components can be shipped to outside sites using the most economical method available. 
         [0041]    According to the invention there is provided a plurality of support structures depicted in Drawing  1 . 
         [0042]    Referring to Drawing  2  and  3   
         [0043]    Drawing shows a side view of components  21  thru  28 . 
         [0044]    Component  21  shows a side view of the wind pressure plate. 
         [0045]    Component  22  shows the torque tube which the pressure plate  21  is attached to. 
         [0046]    Component  23  shows the cable spool which is connected to and rotated by component  22 . 
         [0047]    Component  24  is the stainless steel tensioning cable that is attached to component  23 , fed around component  25  and then connected component  26 . 
         [0048]    Component  25  is a pulley mounted on component  1 . 
         [0049]    Component  26  is Lever Assembly that employs leverage to increase the lifting force of the wind pressure plate component  21 . 
         [0050]    Component  27  is a vertical containment device that guides and contains component  28  vertically thereby limiting horizontal movement of component  28 . 
         [0051]    Component  28  is a stainless steel cable that runs over the top of component  1 . 
       Description of the Drawings 
       [0052]    Component  28  can be configured and connected in a grid pattern that limits horizontal movement of component  1 . 
         [0053]    Component  28  acts as a grounding conductor creating continuity of all connected metal surfaces to the grounding electrode conductor. Component  28  is designed to connect to lightning protection systems thereby providing lightning protection to all metal components of the photovoltaic panels and support structure. 
         [0054]    Referring to Drawing  4  and  5   
         [0055]    Component  28  is shown installed between support structures. 
         [0056]    Component  29  shows an inverted wing. The function of the wing is to use air pressure (air pressure is lower on the elongated bottom surface of the wing than on the flat straight upper portion of the wing) to create a downward pressure on the wing. 
         [0057]    The effect of the wing then neutralizes the upward pressure on the bottom of the photovoltaic panels. 
         [0058]    The wing component  29  can be manufactured from plastic or metal components. 
         [0059]    Component  3  is a torsion bar which transmits the downward energy forces from the inverted wing to the vertical supports component  3 . 
         [0060]    Component  31  is a tension and or torsion spring which acts to limit and contain the movement of the torsion bar component  30 . 
         [0061]    Component  32  is a mounting plate which attaches structurally to component  3  and connects mechanically to the tension spring component  31 . 
         [0062]    Referring to Drawing # 6   
         [0063]    Components  21 ,  22 ,  23  and  24  are horizontal support members which occur in plurality. 
         [0064]    Components  21 ,  22 ,  23  and  24  are attached to component  2 . Support Structures appear in plurality and components  21 ,  22 ,  23 , and  24  are mounted, connected and supported by the complete Support Structure as detailed in drawings  1 ,  2 ,  3 ,  4  and  5 . There are required a minimum of two Support Structures to complete one invention. Components  33  are placed into jig type racking assembly, and then pre-drilled at the appropriate locations for the placement anchor bolts component  35 . Component  33  is predrilled for the acceptance of bolts component  36 . 
       Description of the Drawings 
       [0065]    Component  34  with preinstalled bolts component  36  is then attached to component  33 . 
         [0066]    When components are connected a rigid planar surface is created. 
         [0067]    The rigid planar surface is then transported to the site of final destination and installed and connected component  2  of the support structure. 
         [0068]    Referring to Drawing  7   
         [0069]    Component  28  shows the restraining cable that is depicted on drawings  2 - 3  and  4 . 
         [0070]    Component  42  is a connecting mechanism which couples the restraining cable (component  28 ) to component  43 . 
         [0071]    Component  43  is a threaded rod approximately 12″ in length which connects to the threaded end of component  41   
         [0072]    Component  41  is an assembly approximately 12″ in length constructed of cast iron with an open center, which allows for threaded rod to move within the center. The ends of the assembly are threaded, the threaded rod (component  43 ) is screwed into each end of component  41 . Component  43  will be drawn closer to the center of component  41  when component  41  is rotated. 
         [0073]    Component  38  is a nut and washer assembly which occurs in plurality. 
         [0074]    Component  40  is a spring assembly which is anchored to component  37  by means of a threaded rods (component  39 ) which secures one end of the spring to component  37  and the other end of the spring to component  43 . This allows for tension to be impressed on component  40  which then transfers and maintains tension on component  28 . 
         [0075]    Component  37  is a structural steel assembly constructed so as to fit over the existing structural wall of a building or ground mounted concrete, steel or wood structure. 
       INDEX OF INDIVIDUAL COMPONENTS 
       [0076]    Drawing # 1   
         [0077]    Components 
         [0078]      1 . Base Plate of Supporting Structure. 
         [0079]      2 . Top Plate of Support Structure. 
         [0080]      3 . Vertical end support post. 
         [0081]      4 . Angled support post. 
         [0082]      5 . Angled support post. 
         [0083]      6 . Cutout in top of  1 . for insertion of lower end of  3 . 
         [0084]      7 . Cutout on bottom of  2 . for insertion of upper end of  3 . 
         [0085]      8 . Cutout of bottom of  2 . for insertion of upper end of  4 . 
         [0086]      9 . Cutout of top of  1 . for insertion of lower end of  4 . 
         [0087]      10 . Cutout of top of  1 . for insertion of lower end of  5 . 
         [0088]      11 . Cutout of bottom of  2 . for insertion of upper end of  5 . 
         [0089]      12 . Angled cutout of end of  1 . for connection and insertion of lower end of  2 . 
         [0090]      13 . Stainless Steel Bolt, washers, lock-washer and nut assembly. 
         [0091]      14 . Stainless Steel Bolt, washers, lock-washer and nut assembly. 
         [0092]      15 . Stainless Steel Bolt, washers, lock-washer and nut assembly. 
         [0093]      16 . Stainless Steel Bolt, washers, lock-washer and nut assembly. 
         [0094]      17 . Stainless Steel Bolt, washers, lock-washer and nut assembly. 
         [0095]      18 . Stainless Steel Bolt, washers, lock-washer and nut assembly. 
         [0096]      19 . Stainless Steel Bolt, washers, lock-washer and nut assembly. 
         [0097]      20 . Solid rubber base to isolate and insolate Support Structure from roof membrane.
       May be constructed from molded rubber particles.         
         [0099]    Drawing # 2  and # 3   
         [0100]    Components 
         [0101]      21 . Wind pressure plate. 
         [0102]      22 . Torsion rod that is activated by  21 . 
         [0103]      23 . Cable Spool that is rotated by  22 . 
         [0104]      24 . Stainless Steel cable. 
       Index of Individual Components 
       [0105]      25 . Pulley used to contain and direct  24 . 
         [0106]      26 . Lever assembly used to force upward pressure on  28   
         [0107]      27 . Containment device used to contain horizontal movement of cable when cable is lifted upward by  26 . 
         [0108]      28 . Stainless Steel Hold-down Cable 
         [0109]    Drawing # 4  and # 5   
         [0110]    Components 
         [0111]      29 . Inverted Wing, as wind flows over wing low pressure area is created on bottom side of wing. This causes a downward force on the wing. 
         [0112]      30 . Support and torsion bar for wing. This bar transmits downward pressure of wing to Vertical End Support Posts  3 . 
         [0113]      31 . Torsion spring used to maintain Inverted Wing  29 . in a horizontal position while at the same time allowing for a small amount of flexibility. Torsion spring is connected to  30 . 
         [0114]      32 . Connection and support plate for  31 . 
         [0115]    Drawing # 6   
         [0116]    Components 
         [0117]      33 . Horizontal support and framing member for photovoltaic panel assembly. 
         [0118]      34 . Photovoltaic panels. 
         [0119]      35 . Stainless Steel bolt, washer, lock-washer and nut assembly. This connection is made at the assembly location. 
         [0120]      36 . Stainless Steel bolt, washer, lock-washer and nut assembly. This connection is made at the time photovoltaic panels are assembled on  33 . in groups of three or more and as many as nine per assembly. Photovoltaic racked panels can be manufactured at the manufacturing facility prior to shipping or at a remote staging fabricating facility. 
         [0121]    Drawing # 7   
         [0122]      37 . A structural steel or aluminum assembly that fits over an existing concrete, steel or wood structural component. 
       Index of Individual Components 
       [0123]      38 . A nut and washer assembly. 
         [0124]      39 . A rod assembly that is threaded at both ends. 
         [0125]      40 . Spring 
         [0126]      41 . A turnbuckle type assembly which draws two threaded rods closer together. 
         [0127]      42 . A mechanism that couples a threaded rod and a cable end. 
         [0128]      43 . Threaded rod. 
         [0129]      44 . Shown to depict an existing structure only.