Abstract:
A smoking device for generating and releasing smoking vapor free from contamination into the mouth of a user comprising a mouthpiece for providing vapor for inhalation to a user including a tubular casing containing a heater for heating a smoking substance at a substantially constant low temperature by regulating the flow of fuel by a thermal regulator and further having means for visual indication of the operation of the device.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE 
       [0001]    This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61,994,787 filed May 16, 2014, which is entirely incorporated herein by reference. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND 
       [0002]    Smoking devices, such as cigarette holders and pipes are well known in the art for providing flavored vapor from a smokeable substance to a user for therapeutic and smoking pleasure. However, existing devices used have no control of heating and combustion of the tobacco products. The devices tend to produce toxic, tarry and carcinogenic by-products which are harmful and also impart a bitter and burnt taste to a mouth of a user. 
         [0003]    A further problem is that there is no control of contamination of the inhaled vapor mixture with heater exhaust gases, due to inappropriate proportioning and location of the inlets and the exhaust vents. Typically, the exhaust gas is used to directly heat the tobacco, and those gases contain harmful byproducts of incomplete combustion. 
         [0004]    In an effort to overcome these deficiencies, there is a need for providing a device structure and substance for producing vapor for smoking which is free from harmful by-product and provides a cool and soothing vapor for smoking. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0005]    The present invention is directed to improvements in smoking devices, particularly to smoking articles which employ a formed smokeable material cartridge as a source of producing vapor by heat transfer to the cartridge by conduction, convection and/or radiation for smoke and flavor. The present invention relates to self-contained vaporization devices, and more particularly, to a low-temperature vaporization device for use with tobacco, botanicals or other smokeable products. The device is of an elongated main body with a mouthpiece at one end and an attached tubular casing at the other end having a vaporization chamber and a heater. The mouthpiece and the casing form a unitary unit. The device can be portable. 
         [0006]    The present invention is drawn to a novel smoking device consisting of a mouthpiece and a casing having a heater, a low temperature vaporization chamber, a fuel tank, an igniter with control means for maintaining equilibrium point by keeping the operating temperature below about 400 F. In some examples, the operating temperature is below 350 about F. In order to maintain a stable operating temperature, a thermal regulator can be used to control flow rate of the fuel. 
         [0007]    Further provided herein is a mouthpiece made of a high temperature food-safe material, such as ceramic, glass, or high temperature plastics known as PEI resin (brand name Ultem). However, suitable plastic or wood, etc., can also be used but may additionally require an insulating material to prevent excessive heat reaching the user&#39;s lips. 
         [0008]    Additionally, air inlets are directed downwards, so that fresh ambient air drawn through mixes with the vapor generated into the vaporization chamber located above the smokeable substance cartridge, which is extracted from the cartridge by inlets located below the cartridge and drawn into user&#39;s mouth for inhalation. 
         [0009]    It is another object of the invention to provide air inlet or inlets having a diameter and direction sized to admit ambient air into the chamber to heat up the substance and not effect the operating temperature and also regulating the velocity of ambient air entering and mixing with the vapor generated heating in the chamber at such a rate that the proportionate inhalation passage provides a perception to the user as if the smoke is drawn through a cigarette. 
         [0010]    It is still another object of the invention to provide a heater which is separated from the vapor chamber by an insulating medium such as ring made of PTFE, ceramic or other insulating material and thereby preventing the exhaust gases produced by the heater from entering and contaminating the vapor in the vaporization chamber collected for inhalation. 
         [0011]    Another object of the invention provides a heater formed of a conductive shell and a catalyst. The shell may be of one or more material formed by welding or pressing together. The catalyst can be of platinum or palladium impregnated metal or glass or other suitable material, which provides for efficient flameless combustion of the fuel and glows red when heated to indicate that the device is activated. Additionally, a feedback loop can be employed to regulate the desired temperature. 
         [0012]    In some implementations, the smokeable material cartridge may be formed and shaped for easier insertion into the heating chamber and to snugly fit into the cavity of the heating chamber for improved thermal conduction and vaporization. The cartridges may be formed and wrapped into a wrapper. In some implementations, the smokeable material may be provided in a loose form in a pouch. The wrappers and pouches may be formed of a material which does not produce significant amount of harmful gases. 
         [0013]    An aspect of the present disclosure relates to a cartridge fitted in a device, the cartridge comprising a permeable pouch containing a smokeable material, wherein the device is configured to heat the smokeable material in the permeable pouch, and wherein the permeable pouch allows an exit of a vapor generated from the heating of the smokeable material. 
         [0014]    Additional aspects and advantages of the present disclosure will become readily apparent to those skilled in this art from the following detailed description, wherein only illustrative embodiments of the present disclosure are shown and described. As will be realized, the present disclosure is capable of other and different embodiments, and its several details are capable of modifications in various obvious respects, all without departing from the disclosure. Accordingly, the drawings and description are to be regarded as illustrative in nature, and not as restrictive. 
       INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE 
       [0015]    All publications, patents, and patent applications mentioned in this specification are herein incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each individual publication, patent, or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
         [0016]    The novel features of the invention are set forth with particularity in the appended claims. A better understanding of the features and advantages of the present invention will be obtained by reference to the following detailed description that sets forth illustrative embodiments, in which the principles of the invention are utilized, and the accompanying drawings or figures (also “FIG.” and “FIGs.” herein), of which: 
           [0017]      FIG. 1  is a side view of a vaporization device. 
           [0018]      FIG. 2  is a sectional view of the vaporization device in  FIG. 1 . 
           [0019]      FIG. 3  is a perspective view of a heater. 
           [0020]      FIG. 4  is a cutaway view of an alternate vaporization device. 
           [0021]      FIG. 5  is a sectional detail view of a cartridge. 
           [0022]      FIG. 6  is a perspective view of a cartridge. 
           [0023]      FIG. 7  is a sectional detail view of a cartridge. 
           [0024]      FIG. 8  is a sectional detail view of a cartridge. 
           [0025]      FIG. 9  is an example of a pouch in a vaporization device. 
           [0026]      FIG. 10  is an example of an oven chamber of a device. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0027]    Referring to  FIG. 1  and  FIG. 2 , the exterior of the device  10  comprises a mouthpiece  11 , a tubular case  12 , and the base  14  of a butane tank  21 . The mouthpiece is removable and creates an airtight seal with the interior of the case. With the mouthpiece removed, a cartridge ( FIG. 5 ) is introduced to vaporization chamber  15  of a heater  16 . The mouthpiece is then reinserted to close the device. 
         [0028]    The mouthpiece is made of a high-temperature and food-safe material such as ceramic, glass, or various high-temperature plastics such as PEI resin (brand name Ultem). Design is simplified by use of high temperature materials, but standard plastics or wood, etc, can also be used with the addition of an insulating component that prevents any excessive heat from reaching the user&#39;s lips. 
         [0029]    To activate the device, the butane tank is pulled axially outward, partially removing it from the case. This starts the flow of butane by opening a master valve  18 , and then activating a piezoelectric igniter  13 . The tank remains in the partially removed position for the duration of use. While the master valve is open, butane flows through a thermal regulator  17 , and into the carburetor  20 . Ambient air enters the case through slot  19 . A venturi in the carburetor entrains air, causing it to mix with the butane. The mixture then flows into the heater  16 . 
         [0030]    The lead of the ignitor is positioned in the heater. With the spark of the ignitor (immediately following the start of gas flow) the gas ignites and heat starts conducting throughout the heater. Heat transfers to the cartridge by conduction, convection and/or radiation. The cartridge is shaped to fill the chamber, so as to maximize surface contact for thermal conduction. 
         [0031]    As the cartridge heats, vapor generates within the cartridge and in the space immediately above it. When a user draws on the device, fresh air enters through air inlet  22 , mixes with the vapor, and the mixture is delivered to the user via the inhalation passage  23 . The air inlet or inlets can be directed downward, so as to improve the extraction of vapor from the cartridge. They can also be directed along a diagonal through the mouthpiece, or laterally through the case itself, above the cartridge. 
         [0032]      FIG. 3  depicts a detailed view of the heater  16 . The heater comprises a thermally conductive shell  26  and catalyst  27 . The shell can be comprised of one material, or a combination of materials welded or pressed together. The catalyst can be platinum- or palladium-impregnated metal or glass, or other suitable material known to those skilled in the art. The catalyst provides for efficient flame-less combustion of the butane. The vent  28  of the heater is positioned such that it is visible through the slot  29  of the body as shown in  FIG. 1 . This allows the user to see the catalyst which, when heated, can glow red to indicate that the device has been activated. 
         [0033]    Referring again to  FIG. 3 , adjacent to the heater and in intimate thermal contact is the thermal regulator  17 . As the temperature of the heater increases, so does that of the regulator. The regulator is designed to restrict the flow of butane as the temperature increases, thus creating a feedback loop. The regulator can consist of a bimetallic strip  60  and silicone tubing  61  which is the conduit of the butane. The two are arranged such that as the bimetallic strip heats up, it curls to pinch the silicone tube and thereby restrict the flow of butane. The reduced flow of butane results in less heat generated. The heater subsequently cools down, and so does the regulator, allowing more butane to flow again. The overall result is that a stable operating temperature is established in the heater. Such a system can be readily tuned to achieve an operating temperature that varies by less than +1-5 degrees Fahrenheit. 
         [0034]    The regulator further comprises a moveable backplate  62  which allows adjustability of the operating temperature by adjusting the temperature at which the bimetallic actuator closes the tube valve. This is to be performed once at manufacture, to calibrate the device. Alternatively, a control means may be used to allow the target temperature of the device changed during operation. 
         [0035]    The regulator can comprise in part a bimetallic strip and silicone tubing valve. Alternatively, the regulator can be comprised of other materials and configurations, as described later. 
         [0036]    The desired operating temperature for vaporizing the smokeable materials herein can be below about 400 F. In some cases, the operating range can be below about 350 F. For example, for the purposes of vaporizing most botanicals in this device, the desired operating temperature is below about 400 F, or, in some cases, below about 350 F. 
         [0037]    The air inlet diameter can be sized such that inhalation is somewhat inhibited. This allows time for ambient air entering the chamber to heat up and not affect operating temperature considerably. It also increases velocity of the entering air, which improves circulation and mixing in the vaporization chamber. It also creates a partial vacuum, lowering the vapor point temperature for material contained in the vaporization chamber. The reduction in draw rate can also serve to give the impression of drawing on a cigarette or pipe. Both the fresh air inlet and inhalation passage can be adjusted to provide appropriate draw rate for the operating temperature of the device, and the perception intended for the user. 
         [0038]    Once the cartridge is consumed, the device is turned off by pushing the tank back into the case, closing the master valve. The spent cartridge is removed by opening the device and turning the body over. The cartridge can simply fall out. Alternatively, a mechanism can be used to quickly and easily remove the cartridge. This mechanism can include, but does not require, the use of a pin or slide part to eject the cartridge as another part of the device is moved or removed. The removal mechanism can also involve introduction of a foreign object. 
         [0039]    In some implementations, the mouthpiece may be permanently attached to the body. In that case, the vaporization chamber may be accessed by operating a sliding or hinged door, or similar means, built into the device. 
         [0040]    The heater of the device is fitted into the case with an inslator  24 . The insulator can be made of PEI (brand name Ultem), ceramic, or other insulating material. The insulator serves to minimize thermal transfer from the heater to the case, while creating an air-tight seal. The seal prevents exhaust gases produced by the heater from entering the vaporization chamber. Exhaust gases are instead vented out the case slots. Since the air inlet is distant from the slots, there is substantially no contamination of the inhaled vapor mixture by heater exhaust gases. 
         [0041]    In some implementations, the insulator can be a partially hollow shell, containing a sealed vacuum. In yet other implementations, the heater may be sealed directly to the case by braising in a vacuum furnace, so as to create a vacuum between the two and obviate need for an insulator component. 
         [0042]    The tank can be made of a translucent material. This allows the user to determine the level of fuel remaining by looking at the base of the tank. 
         [0043]    The case can be made of a material that is either a good thermal conductor (such as aluminum), or a poor one (such as ceramics). In both cases, the effect is that the body remains cool enough to touch over a large portion of its surface. 
         [0044]    In one example, a bimetallic actuator can be used in the regulator. In another example, a shape memory alloy actuator such nickel-titanium alloys (“Nitinol”) can be used. In yet another example, a paraffin-filled component that expands and contracts to modulate butane flow can be employed. In a further example, a system can be employed to measure the current temperature, e.g., with a thermocouple sensor and compare it to a prescribed temperature, e.g., with a micro-controller, and by controlling an electromechanical valve, e.g., servo or solenoid valve. In a configuration with user-selected temperature, as described above, the selected temperature can be used as an input to this system. 
         [0045]    A thermal regulator may be used. Alternatively, the device may be constructed without an active regulating element. This may result in reduced complexity and in lowering the overall cost of the device. In this case, the flow of butane is set at a low level. In use, the temperature inside the chamber increases until an equilibrium point where additional heat introduced equals the heat lost to the environment. Heat is lost by conduction through the body of the device, and with the vapor delivered to the user. This equilibrium point determines the operating temperature of the device. By changing the butane flow rate, size and material of the burner, and other factors, the system can be calibrated to provide a fairly stable desired operating temperature. 
         [0046]    An advantage of the bimetallic regulator feedback loop methods over the equilibrium method is that the operating temperature is not dependent on environmental factors such as ambient temperature and wind. 
         [0047]    A piezo-electric ignitor can be used. Other ignitors may be used, such as, a flint starter or battery-powered resistive coil. 
         [0048]    The butane tank may be refillable, and may have a port  25  for that purpose. Alternatively, the tank may be disposable once its fuel is exhausted. A release mechanism such as a pin or cam may be employed allowing the user to quickly remove the depleted tank and replace it with a full one. The replaceable tank may include additional parts of the device including, but not limited to, the ignitor and heater. Butane can be used as the fuel source, but may be replaced by other liquid fuels, such as ethanol. 
         [0049]    Various means of feedback may be used to indicate the following states or metrics of the device: 1) the device is on, 2) the current temperature of the vaporization chamber, 3) the chamber is below a prescribed operating temperature, 4) the chamber has reached a prescribed operating temperature and vapor is ready for consumption, and 5) the chamber has exceeded a prescribed operating temperature. 
         [0050]    The means of the feedback includes both physical and electronic implementations. Possibilities include thermochromatic paint, light-emitting diodes and liquid crystal display. The sensing and control means for electronic feedback can be implemented by use of thermocouple and micro-controller, as is known to those skilled in the art. 
         [0051]    The smokeable materials herein may include, but are not limited to, tobacco, botanicals (e.g.,  cannabis,  chamomile), pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, natural or artificial flavorants, coffee grounds or coffee beans, mint, lemon, honey, tea leaves, cocoa, or any other substance providing a benefit or sensation to an end user. 
         [0052]    The smokeable materials herein may be provided in loose leaf form, cut form, shredded form, chopped form, packed form, or any other natural or processed form. As described elsewhere herein, in some examples, the smokeable material may comprise fine pieces of tobacco. In other examples, the smokeable material may comprise loose leaf tobacco. In yet other examples, the smokeable material may comprise loose leaf, shredded or chopped botanicals (e.g., loose leaves, shredded. The smokeable material comprise a vapor forming medium (e.g., glycerin). 
         [0053]    Active elements contained in botanicals may vaporize at different temperatures. The device may be calibrated to establish a single stable temperature, intended for vaporizing solely tobacco or solely chamomile, for example. A control means may be used to select a variety of temperature settings. The user may choose which setting based on the type of cartridge used. The control means can effect a desired temperature mechanically, such as by changing flow rate of the valve, or electronically, such as by electromechanical valve and micro-controller intermediary. 
         [0054]    In some examples, butane may provide the most energy-dense and practical fuel source. In some examples, the butane heating system is replaced by a battery-powered electric heater or other compact heat source. 
         [0055]      FIG. 4  depicts a cutaway view of a vaporization device which more closely resembles a traditional pipe form. In this configuration, the device retains all of the critical elements from the configuration in  FIG. 1 . The user inserts a cartridge  40 , under a sliding top piece  41 , where the cartridge mates with the heater  42 . Fuel held in the tank  43  is released by turning dial  44  to open master valve  45 . The fuel travels through the regulator  51 , and then through the carburetor  46  where it draws in air through the intake port  47  and catalyzes in a manner similar to that of the configuration in  FIG. 1 . As the cartridge  40  reaches its operating temperature the user places the mouthpiece  48  in their mouth and draws air in through the inhalation intake port  49  and through the vapor passage  50  where it is pre-cooled. 
         [0056]    A cartridge comprising the smokeable material may be fitted in the device  10 . The device can be configured to heat the smokeable material in the cartridge. The device can heat the smokeable material (e.g., in the vaporization chamber) to a temperature required to vaporize the smokeable material. The cartridge can be inserted into the heated vaporization chamber of the device. For example, the device can heat the cartridge to below about 400 F. The cartridge may comprise a wrapper, a permeable pouch or a perforated container. 
         [0057]    In some examples, the smokeable material (e.g., a moist smokeable material that may need to be contained in a wrapper) may be provided in a wrapper. The wrapper may be provided with a perforation that allows an exit of a vapor generated from heating the smokeable material. The perforation may further comprise an aeration well that allows air to access the smokeable material. 
         [0058]    In some examples, the smokeable material (e.g., dry and/or loose smokeable material that may not need to be contained in a wrapper) may be provided in a permeable pouch. The pouch may be permeable to gases (e.g., air, vapor generated from heating the smokeable material, etc.). The permeable pouch may allow air to access the smokeable material. The permeable pouch may allow an exit of a vapor generated from heating the smokeable material. The permeable pouch may eliminate the need to directly expose the smokeable material to the surroundings (e.g., by leaving a portion of the smokeable material exposed, as shown, for example, in  FIG. 7 , or by providing perforations, in some cases together with aeration wells, that allow vapor to exit and/or air to enter, as shown, for example, in  FIGS. 5, 6 and 8 ). The permeable pouch may eliminate the need to puncture the cartridge. The permeable pouch may be permeable on all surfaces. All surfaces of the permeable pouch may be permeable. The permeable pouch may comprise one or more permeable surfaces. Further, the permeable pouch may enhance air and vapor transport to and from the smokeable material (e.g., by providing air and vapor transfer across a larger surface of the pouch as compared to the vapor transfer available in a cartridge that only has a single or more than one perforations on one or two sides). 
         [0059]    In some examples, the smokeable material (e.g., dry and/or loose smokeable material that may not need to be contained in a wrapper) may be provided in a perforated container. The perforated container may comprise or be formed of a metallic foil (e.g. aluminum, stainless steel, or copper) with a perforation pattern to allow gas transfer through the container. The perforated container may have a perforation pattern on at least one surface of the container. The perforated container may allow air to access the smokeable material. The perforated container may allow an exit of a vapor generated from heating the smokeable material. The perforated container may eliminate the need to directly expose the smokeable material to the surroundings. The perforated container may eliminate the need to puncture the cartridge. Further, the perforated container may enhance air and vapor transport to and from the smokeable material (e.g., by providing air and vapor transfer across a larger surface). The perforated container may comprise or be formed of a thermally conductive material to enhance heat transfer to the smokeable material. The perforated container may be perforated on all surfaces. All surfaces of the perforated container may comprise perforations. The perforated container may comprise one or more perforated surfaces. Further, the perforated container may enhance air and vapor transport to and from the smokeable material (e.g., by providing air and vapor transfer across a larger surface of the container as compared to the vapor transfer available in a cartridge that only has a single or more than one perforations on one side or only on two opposing sides). 
         [0060]    Any aspects of the disclosure described in relation a cartridge comprising a wrapper may equally apply to cartridges comprising a permeable pouch or a perforated container at least in some configurations. Any aspects of the disclosure described in relation a cartridge comprising a permeable pouch may equally apply to cartridges comprising a wrapper or a perforated container at least in some configurations. Any aspects of the disclosure described in relation a cartridge comprising a perforated container may equally apply to cartridges comprising or a wrapper or a permeable pouch at least in some configurations. 
         [0061]      FIG. 5  depicts a sectional view of an example of a cartridge  30 . The cartridge consists of a smokeable material  31 , enclosed in a wrapper  32 , with perforations  33 , and aeration wells  34 . The wrapped cartridge allows for the easy insertion and disposal of smokeable material (e.g., tobacco material, botanicals, or any other smokeable material herein) without creating a mess, while the perforations allow the formed vapor to be released. When the cartridge is used up it can be easily disposed of in its entirety. 
         [0062]    Smokeable material, such as, for example, tobacco or tobacco material, may be any combination of natural and synthetic material that can be vaporized for pleasure or medicinal use. In an example, a test cartridge is prepared using flue-cured tobacco, glycerin, and flavorings. Those skilled in the art of tobacco product manufacture are familiar with these and other ingredients used for cigarettes, cigars, and the like. The cartridge is produced by chopping tobacco into fine pieces (less than 3 mm diameter, preferably less than 2 mm; having no dimension larger than 3 mm, or having substantially all fine pieces be less than 2 mm in all dimensions), adding the other ingredients, and mixing until even consistency is achieved. 
         [0063]    The cartridge may be substantially cylindrical. In other implementations, the form can be modified for various reasons. As an example, the walls of the cartridge may be drafted for easier insertion into the vaporization chamber. Or, the bottom of the cartridge may possess receptacles, which when combined with complimentary features on the surface cavity of the vaporization chamber may allow for more surface contact and hence improved thermal conduction. The wrapper may be formed as a pouch in some implementations. 
         [0064]    Any material may be used for the wrapper, provided that when heated to the operating temperature, it does not produce significant amounts of harmful gases. Aluminum foil and parchment paper are two examples. With papers, the cartridge may be manufactured in a folded-cup design, similar to that shown in  FIG. 6 . With films or metal foils, the wrapper can be pressed or blow-molded to the appropriate shape. 
         [0065]    During manufacture, the cartridge may be enclosed on all sides, and perforated on the top so that vapors can emanate upwards. In the perforation step, or in an additional step, the optional aeration wells may be created. 
         [0066]    The cartridge may be wrapped on all sides but leaving the top exposed, as shown in  FIG. 7 . This is possible since the purpose of the wrapper is primarily to prevent tobacco material from touching the sides and bottom of the vaporization chamber. 
         [0067]    In another implementation, the material for the top of the cartridge may be vapor permeable, such that perforations are not necessary. As described in greater detail elsewhere herein, cartridges of the disclosure may also be air permeable. Such air and vapor permeable cartridges may advantageously be used to enhance air and vapor transfer along one, two or more (or all) surfaces of the cartridge. 
         [0068]    In another implementation, the cartridge as purchased by the user has no openings, but is punctured prior to insertion into the device, or upon introduction to the vaporization device. The latter can be achieved by adding a hollow puncturing means to the mouthpiece part of the device. For example, the inhalation passage of the mouthpiece can be extended by a hollow tube. When the mouthpiece is reinserted to close the device, it pierces the cartridge previously introduced, and allows a path for vapor to exit to the user. 
         [0069]    In some examples, the tobacco material may be a homogenous mixture. In other examples, there may be two layers, as shown in  FIG. 8 . The moist layer  35  has higher content of vapor-forming material than the dry layer  36 , which consists of dry tobacco or other material acting as a filter. The dry layer serves to prevent any liquid from bubbling up and out of the cartridge during heating. 
         [0070]    In some examples, a lower compartment may consist entirely of a vapor-forming medium, such as glycerin. An upper region may consist of the tobacco material to be vaporized, and the two may be separated by a material that only allows the medium to pass in a vapor or gaseous phase. Gore-tex (brand name) is one such material. In use, vapor generated in the lower region may pass through the semi-permeable membrane, volatize the active components of the tobacco, and a mix of the two may be delivered to the user upon inhalation. 
         [0071]    In some implementations, the consistency of the tobacco material is such that the wrapper is not necessary. This is possible if at least the outer surface of the cartridge is dry and cohesive enough to not leave deposits inside the device. Such a cartridge can be made by forming tobacco material in a mold. If the resulting surface is excessively moist, it can be dried by heating the cartridge in an oven. 
         [0072]    The cartridge  30  may comprise a permeable pouch containing a smokeable material, The permeable pouch may comprise cellulose and/or other permeable materials (e.g., other fibers) capable of withstanding the operating temperatures of the device. The permeable pouch may comprise a binding agent or binder (e.g., cellulose acetate fibers). The binding agent or binder may be capable of withstanding the operating temperatures of the device (e.g., during heating of the smokeable material in the permeable pouch) without vaporizing (“off-gassing”). The binding agent may be safe for inhalation by a user. Thus, the permeable pouch may be capable of withstanding the operating temperatures of the device (e.g., during heating of the smokeable material in the permeable pouch) while remaining intact. The permeable pouch may be heat-sealed (e.g., at a temperature of about or exceeding the operating temperature of the device). The permeable pouch may be permeable to air, and/or vapor (e.g., vapor generated from heating the smokeable material). The permeable pouch may contain a given quantity of smokeable material. The given quantity of smokeable material may be chosen based on device dimensions, duration of smoking time, or desired smoke or vapor composition. 
         [0073]    The cartridge  30  may comprise a perforated container containing a smokeable material, The perforated container may comprise a metallic foil with a perforation pattern on at least one surface. The perforated container may be welded shut or the perforated container may comprise a binding agent or binder (e.g., cellulose acetate fibers). The binding agent or binder may be capable of withstanding the operating temperatures of the device (e.g., during heating of the smokeable material in the perforated container) without vaporizing (“off-gassing”). The binding agent may be safe for inhalation by a user. Thus, the perforated container may be capable of withstanding the operating temperatures of the device (e.g., during heating of the smokeable material in the perforated container) while remaining intact. The perforated container may be heat-sealed (e.g., at a temperature of about or exceeding the operating temperature of the device) or welded. The perforated container may allow passage to air, and/or vapor (e.g., vapor generated from heating the smokeable material). The perforated container may contain a given quantity of smokeable material. The given quantity of smokeable material may be chosen based on device dimensions, duration of smoking time, or desired smoke or vapor composition. The perforated container may be formed as a pouch in some implementations. 
         [0074]      FIG. 9  is an example of a pouch  906  containing a smokeable material, fitted in a vaporization device  900 . In this example, the device comprises a body  901 . The device may comprise a mouthpiece  902  with an aerosol outlet  922 , a condenser  903 , a heater  905 , and an oven or vaporization region  904 . The oven region  904  may comprise an oven or vaporization chamber  907 . Air may be drawn into the device through the air inlet  921  by a user puffing on the mouth piece. The pouch  906  may be placed in the oven region  904 , where it may be heated by the heater  905  to generate a vapor or aerosols of the smokeable material. The pouch may comprise a permeable material or a thermally conductive material with a perforation pattern. Permeability of the pouch by means of composition of a permeable material or perforations may improve heat and mass transfer to the smokeable material in the pouch (e.g., eliminate the need for aeration vents in the oven region  904 ). 
         [0075]      FIG. 10  shows an example of an oven region  1000  of a device. The oven region may comprise an oven chamber  1007  designed to fit a cartridge comprising a pouch (e.g., a permeable pouch). The pouch may comprise a permeable material or a thermally conductive material with a perforation pattern. The oven chamber may have a lid  1030  so that the user may access the oven region to insert and remove cartridges. Air may be drawn in to the oven region through an inlet  1021  and exit the oven region through an outlet  1022 . Vapor generated from the heating of the smokeable material in the pouch may exit the oven region through an outlet  1022 . The air may mix with vapor generated from the heating of the smokeable material. The mixing may take place in the oven chamber  1007 , and the combined gas stream may exit through the outlet  1022 . Permeability of the pouch by means of composition of a permeable material or perforations may improve heat and mass transfer to the smokeable material in the pouch (e.g., eliminate the need for aeration vents in the oven region  1000 ). 
         [0076]    In some implementations, devices comprising a vaporization chamber configured to fit a pouch (e.g., as shown in  FIGS. 9 and 10 ) may advantageously be used with a pouch that is permeable all around. In some examples, more efficient vapor removal may be achieved with an air path that traverses the pouch, as shown in  FIGS. 9 and 10 . In some implementations, greater flexibility for the device design may be realized as a result of improved air flow and vapor removal. For one example, the air inlet  22  in  FIG. 2  may be provided on the mouthpiece  11  in an alternative configuration. In another example, the air inlet may be configured separately from the mouthpiece, as shown, for example, in  FIG. 9 . 
         [0077]    It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is used for the purpose of describing specific embodiments, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that as used herein, the singular forms of “a”, “an” and “the” include plural references unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. In addition, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. 
         [0078]    While preferable embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described herein, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that such embodiments are provided by way of example only. Numerous variations, changes, and substitutions will now occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the invention. It should be understood that various alternatives to the embodiments of the invention described herein may be employed in practicing the invention. It is intended that the following claims define the scope of the invention and that methods and structures within the scope of these claims and their equivalents be covered thereby.