Abstract:
A method of manufacturing absorbent articles in which first and second stabilizing strips confer stability during the manufacturing process by controlling the position of side panels with respect to absorbent structures. In the thus manufactured articles, material of the stabilizing strips remain on the side panels to provide a region of material having consistent properties.

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing an absorbent article such as a disposable diaper, and to an absorbent article which may be made by such method. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Production of absorbent articles such as baby diapers, adult incontinence diapers and belted diapers is performed at high speed. Due to the relatively low basis weight of materials used in the construction of such products, measures have to be taken to prevent the materials from lifting and/or fluttering during their passage through air. For continuous webs, such as the backsheet and topsheet materials, lifting and fluttering can be controlled by maintaining the webs under tension. However, many contemporary absorbent articles comprise side panels in addition to the topsheet and backsheet materials. Such side panels are used to provide the absorbent article with a transverse extension sufficient to allow the article to be fastened around the waist of a user. Although, during production, a continuous web of side panel material could be united with the continuous webs of backsheet and topsheet materials and thereby kept under tension, the side panel material in the crotch region has to be removed to create the finished product. Since the side panel material is often advantageously an elastic material, such a production technique, whilst addressing the problems of lifting and fluttering, results in uneconomic utilisation of material. 
     In order for absorbent articles to be secured around the waist of a wearer, it is necessary to provide the article with a fastening system. Contemporary fastening systems utilise a fastening tab secured to rear side panels. Particularly for articles having elasticised side panels, measures have to be taken to ensure that the fastening tabs are adequately affixed to the side panels. Such measures include deadening the elastic properties of the elasticised material in the region at which the fastening tape is to be secured to the side panel. Furthermore, since the fastening tab is normally directly attached to the side panel, compatibility of the materials is required. 
     A process for assembling elasticised side panels, or “ear portions”, is described in WP-A-96/03952. According to its abstract, the process involves attaching at least one first fastener to a first web of side panel material and at least one second fastener to a second web of side panel material. A web of bridge material is provided with first and second side edge regions. The first web of side panel material is attached to the first side edge region of the web of bridge material, and the second web of side panel material is attached to the second side edge of the web of bridge material. The second web of side panel material is arranged to provide a cross-directional alignment between at least one corresponding, laterally opposed pair of the first and second fasteners. The web of bridge material and the first and second webs of side panel material are divided to provide at least one composite bridge assembly having a bridge member interconnecting a laterally opposed pair of first and second side panel members. The composite bridge assembly is secured to an appointed article web with the first and second side panels of the laterally opposed pair of side panel members located at opposite side regions of the article web. 
     In spite of the various known ways for integrating side panels and fasteners in absorbent articles, there remains a need for a method of producing an absorbent article in which the utilisation of side panel material is optimised at the same time that attachment of fastening tabs is facilitated. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention addresses the above-identified need. Particularly, it provides a method for manufacturing absorbent articles, the method comprising the steps of:
         providing a web of backsheet material, said web extending in a longitudinal direction about a longitudinal axis dividing the web into a first lateral half and a second lateral half, said first lateral half comprising a first lateral margin and said second lateral half comprising a second lateral margin;   sequentially applying absorbent structures to said web of backsheet material such that adjacent absorbent structures are spaced apart in said longitudinal direction;   providing a first stabilizing strip of predetermined width substantially parallel to said longitudinal axis, said first stabilizing strip being spaced from said first lateral margin in a transverse direction away from said longitudinal axis;   providing a second stabilizing strip of predetermined width substantially parallel to said longitudinal axis, said second stabilizing strip being spaced from said second lateral margin in a transverse direction away from said longitudinal axis;   with respect to each absorbent structure, providing a first side panel having a first major surface and a second major surface;   applying said first major surface of said first side panel to said first lateral margin of said web such that said first major surface contacts said first stabilizing strip;   with respect to each absorbent structure, providing a second side panel having a first major surface and a second major surface, and   applying said first major surface of said second side panel to said second lateral margin of said web such that said first major surface contacts said second stabilizing strip,   to thereby form an initial united structure.       

     In accordance with the invention, due to the provision of first and second stabilizing strips, opposite end regions of the first and second side panels are held in place during production without the need for a continuous web of side panel material or material bridging the side panels. In addition, the region of the first and second stabilizing strips to which the side panels are affixed may be retained on the finished article to provide a suitable surface to which to attach fastening tabs. 
     Accordingly, it is a further object of the invention to provide an absorbent article which is intended to be worn around the waist of a user, which article presents side panels having a suitable surface on which to attach fastening tabs. 
     This object is achieved in accordance with the present invention by an absorbent article intended to be worn around the waist of a user, the article comprising a chassis comprising a topsheet, a backsheet and an absorbent structure therebetween. The chassis extends in a longitudinal direction about a longitudinal axis dividing the chassis into a first lateral half and a second lateral half. The first lateral half comprises a first lateral margin and the second lateral half comprises a second lateral margin. The chassis also extends in a transverse direction about a transverse axis which divides the chassis into a first end and a second end, with the chassis being delimited by a periphery comprising a first end edge at the first end and a second end edge at the second end. The first and second end edges extend substantially parallel to the transverse axis. The periphery further comprises a first lateral edge of the first lateral margin and a second lateral edge of the second lateral margin. The first and second lateral margins have a first end region extending from the first end edge, a second end region extending from the second end edge and a central region extending between said first and second end regions. The article further comprises a first side panel extending from the first lateral edge in the first end region, a second side panel extending from the second lateral edge in the first end region, a third side panel extending from the first lateral edge in the second end region and a fourth side panel extending from the second lateral edge in the second end region. Each panel has a first major surface and a second major surface and a longitudinally extending peripheral margin having a length dimension. A strip of essentially non-elastic material extends the entire length dimension along said longitudinally extending peripheral margin of at least one transversely opposed pair of said side panels. 
     In this manner, a fastening tab can be readily attached to the strip of essentially non-elastic material. 
     Further advantageous embodiments of the garment and its method of manufacture are detailed in the dependent claims appended hereto. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The invention will be described in greater detail in the following by way of example only with reference to various non-limiting embodiments as depicted in the annexed drawings, in which 
         FIG. 1  is a schematic view of a manufacturing process utilising the method of the present invention; 
         FIG. 2  is a schematic plan view of the manufacturing process at the region denoted by arrow A in  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 3  is a schematic plan view of the manufacturing process at the region denoted by arrow B in  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 4  is a schematic view of an absorbent article according to the present invention in a laid-flat, uncontracted state, and 
         FIG. 5  is a schematic cross-sectional view of an elastic material suitable for use in first and second side panels of the absorbent article according to the invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     The invention will be described in further detail in the following with reference to the drawings in which reference number  10  generally denotes a manufacturing process utilising the method in accordance with the present invention to produce an absorbent article  60  as depicted in  FIG. 4 . 
     With particular reference to  FIG. 1 , the method includes providing a web  12  of backsheet material. The backsheet material is advantageously a liquid impervious material such as a thin plastic film, e.g. a polyethylene or polypropylene film, a nonwoven material coated with a liquid impervious material, a hydrophobic nonwoven material which resists liquid penetration, or a laminate comprising plastic films and nonwoven materials. The backsheet material may be breathable. Examples of suitable breathable materials are porous polymeric films, nonwoven laminates from spunbond and meltblown layers, laminates from porous polymeric films and nonwovens. 
     The web  12  of backsheet material may be unwound from a not-shown reel and brought to run in a substantially horizontal plane such that the web extends in a longitudinal direction about a longitudinal axis L which divides the web into a first lateral half  14  and a second lateral half  16  (see  FIG. 2 ). The first lateral half  14  has a first lateral margin  18  and the second lateral half  16  has a second lateral margin  20 . The web  12  is oriented during the manufacturing process such that its upwardly facing surface corresponds to the inwardly directed surface of the final product and its downwardly facing surface corresponds to the outwardly directed surface of the final product. 
     At a first processing station, generally indicated by reference sign  22 , adhesive may be applied to the upwardly facing surface of the web  12  of backsheet material by means of, for example, a hot-melt spraying apparatus  24 . In a known manner, the adhesive may be spayed to form a uniform layer or may be applied in a pattern such as a spiral pattern. 
     At a second processing station, generally indicated by reference sign  26 , absorbent structures  28  are sequentially applied to the web  12  of backsheet material. As is conventional, the absorbent structures are applied to the web so that the absorbent structures are spaced apart in the longitudinal direction. The spacing between absorbent structures corresponds to the length of the final product minus the length of the absorbent structure. The absorbent structures are held in place by the adhesive on the web  12  of backsheet material. Alternatively, each absorbent structure may be coated with adhesive on the side which is to contact the web of backsheet material. 
     The absorbent structures  28  may be of any conventional kind. Examples of commonly occurring absorbent materials are cellulosic fluff pulp, tissue layers, highly absorbent polymers (so called superabsorbents), absorbent foam materials, absorbent nonwoven materials or the like. It is common to combine cellulosic fluff pulp with superabsorbents in an absorbent body. It is also common to have absorbent bodies comprising layers of different material with different properties with respect to liquid receiving capacity, liquid distribution capacity and storage capacity. The thin absorbent bodies, which are common in for example baby diapers and incontinence guards, often comprise a compressed mixed or layered structure of cellulosic fluff pulp and superabsorbent. The size and absorbent capacity of the absorbent structure may be varied to be suited for different uses such as for infants or for incontinent adults. The absorbent structures need not display a uniform thickness and may be thinner at one end. 
     At a third processing station, generally indicated by reference sign  30 , a first and a second stabilizing strip  32 ,  34  are brought to run parallel to, and substantially coplanar with, the longitudinal axis L of the web  12  of backsheet material. As is most clearly derivable from  FIG. 2 , the first stabilizing strip  32  is spaced from the first lateral margin  18  of the web of backsheet material in a transverse direction away from the longitudinal axis L, and the second stabilizing strip  34  is spaced from the second lateral margin  20  in a similar manner. The spacing of the stabilizing strips from the respective lateral margins creates a gap  35  on either side of the web  12  of backsheet material. The size of the gap  35  will be dependent on the chosen geometry of the final product. For an open type infant&#39;s diaper, the gap  35  may be from about 3 cm to about 15 cm. For a belted product, the gap may be as large as about 80 cm. The stabilizing strips should be substantially inextensible and non-elastic, at least in their length direction, and may have a transverse dimension of between 2 cm and 8 cm, preferably about 4 cm, depending on the size of the final product. Materials useful for the stabilizing strips include nonwoven material, for example spunbond, meltblown, carded, hydroentangled, wetlaid, etc. Suitable nonwoven materials can be composed of natural fibers, such as woodpulp or cotton fibres, manmade fibres, such as polyester, polyethylene, polypropylene, viscose etc. or from a mixture of natural and manmade fibres. Such nonwoven material may have a basis weight of from about 30 g/m 2  to 70 g/m 2 , preferably about 50 g/m 2 . The stabilizing strips  32 ,  34  may be precoated with adhesive, for example any conventional pressure-sensitive adhesive. 
     At a fourth processing station, generally indicated by reference sign  36 , a first and a second side panel  38 ,  40  are applied to the web  12  of backsheet material at a specific location with respect to an associated absorbent structure  28 . Thus, since the first and second side panels  38 ,  40  are intended to form waist side panels in the final product, the side panels are positioned with respect to the absorbent structure such that they will form an extension of the rear waist region of the final product. With particular reference to  FIG. 2 , the first side panel  38  has a first major surface  42  and a second major surface  44 . In a corresponding manner, the second side panel  40  has a first major surface  46  and a second major surface  48 . At the fourth processing station  36 , the first major surface  42  of the first side panel  38  is applied to the first lateral margin  18  of the web  12  of backsheet material such that the first major surface  42  also contacts the first stabilizing strip  32 . In this manner, the gap  35  between the first stabilizing strip  32  and the web  14  is bridged by the first side panel  38 . Similarly, the first major surface  46  of the second side panel  40  is applied to the second lateral margin  20  of the web  12  of backsheet material such that the first major surface  46  also contacts the second stabilizing strip  34  to thereby bridge the gap  35  between the second stabilizing strip and the web of backsheet material. With the first and second side panels applied in the above manner, the combination of web  12  of backsheet material, absorbent structures  28  and first and second side panels  38 ,  40  forms an initial united structure  50 . 
     In a further embodiment of the invention, at a fifth processing station, generally denoted by reference number  52  in  FIG. 1 , a web  54  of topsheet material is applied to the initial absorbent structure  50  to form a subsequent united structure  56  ( FIG. 2 ). The web  54  is liquid permeable and can consist of a nonwoven material, for example spunbond, meltblown, carded, hydroentangled, wetlaid, etc. Suitable nonwoven materials can be composed of natural fibers, such as woodpulp or cotton fibres, manmade fibres, such as polyester, polyethylene, polypropylene, viscose etc. or from a mixture of natural and manmade fibres. The web  54  may further be composed of tow fibres, which may be bonded to each other in a bonding pattern, as e.g. disclosed in EP-A-1 035 818. Further examples of suitable topsheet web materials are porous foams, apertured plastic films etc. The materials suited as the topsheet web layer should be soft and non-irritating to the skin and intended to be readily penetrated by body fluid, e.g. urine or menstrual fluid. 
     The web  54  of topsheet material has an extension in the transverse direction corresponding essentially to that of the web  12  of backsheet material. As such, the portions of the second major surfaces  44 ,  48  of the side panels  38 ,  40  which contact the web  12  of backsheet material are covered by the web  54  of topsheet material to thereby sandwich these portions between the webs of backsheet and topsheet material. 
     In a further embodiment of the present invention, at a sixth processing station  58  the subsequent united structure  56  is severed in the transverse direction to form individual absorbent articles  60 . The severing is arranged to take place at a location on the subsequent united structure  56  between adjacent absorbent structures  28  to thereby form an individual absorbent article  60  as generally illustrated in  FIG. 4 . 
     Thus, in accordance with the present invention, the absorbent article  60  comprises a chassis  62  comprising a topsheet  64  of a length of the web  54  of topsheet material, a backsheet  66  of a length of the web  12  of backsheet material and an absorbent structure  28  therebetween. The chassis  62  extends in a longitudinal direction about a longitudinal axis L dividing the chassis into a first lateral half  68  and a second lateral half  70 . The first lateral half  68  comprises a first lateral margin  72  and the second lateral half  70  comprises a second lateral margin  74 . The chassis  62  further extends in a transverse direction about a transverse axis T dividing the chassis into a first end  76  and a second end  78 . The chassis is delimited by a periphery  80  comprising a first end edge  82  at the first end  76  and a second end edge  84  at the second end  78 . The first and second end edges  82 ,  84  extend substantially parallel to the transverse axis T. The periphery  80  further comprises a first lateral edge  86  of the first lateral margin  72  and a second lateral edge  88  of the second lateral margin  74 . The first and second lateral margins  72 ,  74  have a first end region  90  extending from the first end edge  82 , a second end region  92  extending from the second end edge  84  and a central region  94  extending between the first and second end regions. 
     The article  60  further comprises a first side panel  38  extending from the first lateral edge  86  in the first end region  90  and a second side panel  40  extending from the second lateral edge  88  in the first end region  90 . The first and second side panels are thus constituted by the first and second side panels  38 ,  40  applied at the fourth processing station  36  in the above-described manufacturing process. 
     The article  60  further has a third side panel  96  extending from the first lateral edge  86  in the second end region  92  and a fourth side panel  98  extending from the second lateral edge  88  in said second end region  92 . Depending on the desired relative properties of the pairs of first and second and third and fourth side panels, the third and fourth side panels  96 ,  98  may also be constituted by the first and second side panels  38 ,  40  applied at the fourth processing station  36  in the manufacturing process, with the severing at the sixth processing station  58  being carried out such that it divides the side panels in the transverse direction to thereby form the four side panels. When the first and second side panels  38 ,  40  applied at the fourth processing station are of identical material, so too will the third and fourth side panels  96 ,  98  be. 
     Should it be desired to have third and fourth side panels  96 ,  98  of a material different to that of the first and second side panels  38 ,  40 , or to have them positioned at a location on the absorbent article  60  remote from the second end edge  84 , the manufacturing method further includes the steps of (see  FIG. 2 ), with respect to each absorbent structure  28 , providing a third side panel  96  having a first major surface  100  and a second major surface  102 ; applying the first major surface of the third side panel to the first lateral margin  18  of the web  12  of backsheet material at a distance from the first side panel  38  such that the first major surface  100  contacts the first stabilizing strip  32 ; with respect to each absorbent structure, providing a fourth side panel  98  having a first major surface  104  and a second major surface  106 , and applying the first major surface  104  of the fourth side panel  98  to the second lateral margin  20  of the web  12  of backsheet material at a distance from the second side panel  40  such that the first major surface  104  contacts the second stabilizing strip  34 . 
     With continued reference to  FIG. 4 , each side panel  38 ,  40 ,  96 ,  98  therefore has a first major surface  42 ,  46 ,  100 ,  104  and a second major surface  44 ,  48 ,  102 ,  106  and a longitudinally extending peripheral margin  108 ,  110 ,  112 ,  114  having a length dimension  116 ,  118 ,  120 ,  122 , respectively. In accordance with the invention, a strip  124  of essentially non-elastic material extends the entire length dimension  116 ,  118 ,  120 ,  122  along the longitudinally extending peripheral margin of at least one transversely opposed pair of the side panels. The strip  124  of essentially non-elastic material is constituted by longitudinal sections of the stabilizing strips  32 ,  34  used in the above-described method. 
     In one embodiment of the invention, the strip  124  of essentially non-elastic material extends the entire length dimension of the first and second side panels  38 ,  40 . In a second embodiment, the strip  124  also extends the entire length dimension of said third and fourth side panels  96 ,  98 . 
     The strip  124  of essentially non-elastic material may be affixed to solely the first major surface  42 ,  46 ,  100 ,  104  of each side panel  38 ,  40 ,  96 ,  98 , or it may be affixed to both the first major surface and the second major surface  44 ,  48 ,  102 ,  106  of each side panel  38 ,  40 ,  96 ,  98 . In the latter case, the method for manufacturing the article includes a seventh processing station  126  located upstream of the sixth processing station  58  (see  FIG. 1 ). The seventh processing station comprises folding equipment  128  to fold the first and second stabilizing strips  32 ,  34  over the lateral edges of the side panels such that the stabilizing strips come into contact with the second major surface  44 ,  48  of the side panels. This step of folding the first and second stabilizing strips  32 ,  34  over the lateral edges of the side panels is schematically illustrated in  FIG. 3 . 
     Thus, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method includes applying the first major surface  42  of the first side panel  38  to the first lateral margin  18  of the web  12  of backsheet material such that the first major surface contacts only a portion of the width of the first stabilizing strip  32 , applying the first major surface  46  of the second side panel  40  to the second lateral margin  20  of the web  12  such that the first major surface contacts only a portion of the width of the second stabilizing strip  34 , and folding the first and second stabilizing strips  32 ,  34  such that the first stabilizing strip also contacts the second major surface  44  of the first side panel and the second stabilizing strip  34  also contacts the second major surface  48  of the second side panel  40 . 
     Similarly, when distinct third and fourth side panels are applied in the method of the invention, the method may further include applying the first major surface  100  of the third side panel  96  to the first lateral margin  18  of the web  12  of backsheet material such that the first major surface contacts only a portion of the width of the first stabilizing strip  32 , applying the first major surface  104  of the fourth side panel  98  to the second lateral margin  20  of the web  12  such that the first major surface contacts only a portion of the width of the second stabilizing strip  34 , and folding the first and second stabilizing strips to cause the first stabilizing strip  32  to also contact the second major surface  102  of the third side panel  96  and the second stabilizing strip  34  to also contact the second major surface  106  of the fourth side panel  98 . 
     Whether the stabilizing strips  32 ,  34  contact only the first major surface of the side panels or both the first and second major surfaces, the absorbent article  60  will nevertheless exhibit a strip  124  of essentially non-elastic material extending the entire length dimension along the peripheral margin of at least one transversely opposed pair of side panels. Such a region of non-elastic material is convenient for attaching a fastening means  130  to the article  60  in a secure manner, particularly if the side panel has elastic properties. Advantageously, the fastening means  130  is attached to the strip  124  of essentially non-elastic material on the first and second side panels  38 ,  40 . For an open-type diaper, the fastening means may constituted by a fastening tab  132 . Alternatively, for a closed diaper of the pull-on type, the fastening means  130  is constituted by a first seal between the first and third side panels  38 ,  96  and a second seal between the second and fourth side panels  40 ,  98  to thereby form a pants-type garment. Such a seal may be formed by ultrasonic heat treatment of portions of the strip  124  lying against the second major surfaces of the respective side panels. 
     For reasons of improved fit and comfort, the first and second side panels  38 ,  40  may exhibit elastic properties at least in the transverse direction. The first and second side panels may comprise various suitable materials. As shown in  FIG. 5 , in one embodiment the material  134  is an elastic web material in the form of an elastic laminate  136  comprising a first layer  138  of fibrous material and an elastic film layer  140 . The elastic laminate may optionally include a second layer  142  of fibrous material, with the elastic film layer being located between the first and second layers of fibrous material. However it is to be understood that other types of elastic web materials may be used, such as elastic nonwoven materials, nonwoven materials which per se are inelastic, but which have been elastified by suitable means, etc. The elastic web materials may comprise one layer or two or more layers that have been laminated. 
     In the elastic laminate  136  shown and described below it is preferred that the first and second layers of fibrous material  138 ,  142  are chosen so that they, in combination with the inner elastic film layer  140 , give the material high resistance to puncture. They also provide a soft and cloth-like feel to the laminate. Examples of suitable materials are carded webs and spunbond materials. The basis weight of the fibrous material layers should be between 10 and 35 g/m 2 , preferably between 12 and 30 g/m 2 , more preferably between 15 and 25 g/m 2 . Examples of suitable polymers used in the fibrous materials are polyethylene, polyesters, polypropylene and other polyolefin homopolymers and copolymers. Natural fibres, for example cotton, may also be used as long as they provide the required properties. A mixture of polymers can contribute to a higher flexibility of the nonwoven layer, and in this way, give the nonwoven material a higher elongation at maximum load. A mixture of polyethylene and polypropylene polymers has proved to provide good results in this respect. A mixture of fibers of different polymers is also possible. 
     The elastic film layer  140  may be constituted by an apertured elastic film having a basis weight between 20 and 80 g/m 2 , preferably between 20 and 60 g/m 2 . The film may be of any suitable elastic polymer, natural or synthetic. Some examples of suitable materials for the elastic film are low crystallinity polyethylenes, metallocene-catalyzed low crystallinity polyethylene, ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers (EVA), polyurethane, polyisoprene, butadiene-styrene copolymers, styrene block copolymers, such as styrene/isoprene/styrene (SIS), styrene/butadiene/styrene (SBS), or styrene/ethylene-butadiene/styrene block copolymer. Blends of these polymers may also be used as well as other modifying elastomeric or non-elastomeric materials. One example of a suitable film is an apertured three-layer elastomeric film of PE-SEBS-PE. 
     For i.a. reasons of comfort, it is advantageous if the total basis weight of the laminate can be kept low. Thus, although a total basis weight of about 150 g/m 2  is acceptable, a total basis weight of 100 g/m 2  or less, for example no more than 90 g/m 2 , is preferred. 
     The elastic laminate  136  may be manufactured according to the method disclosed in WO 03/047488, wherein one spunbond layer  138  is applied to the film  140  in a tacky state and will thus bond to the film layer, while the other spunbond layer  142  is adhesively laminated to the film layer  140 , using for example a pressure sensitive hot melt adhesive. 
     The method disclosed in WO 03/047488 involves stretching of the laminate above the point of failure of the fibrous material, so that the non-elastic layers break completely. Therefore, as described in WO 03/047488, the elongation of the laminate is not limited by the stretch modulus of the non-elastic material. 
     Elasticity in both the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction may be imparted to the laminate in the manner disclosed in, for example, WO-A-95/04654. 
     To provide additional wearer comfort, the elastic laminate  136  may be breathable and have a Water Vapour Transmission Rate according to ASTM E96-00 of at least 1500 g/m 2 -24 h, preferably at least 3000 g/m 2 -24 h. 
     Bi-directionally elastically extensible material which may be adapted for use in the present invention is described in the art. Examples include that which is disclosed in US-A1-2003/0105446, WO-A-95/29810, EP-A-0 432 763 and WO-A-95/32093, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference. 
     As is derivable from  FIG. 5 , the elastic material  134  of the first and second side panels  38 ,  40  may be substantially homogenous. By “substantially homogenous” it is meant that, irrespective of where on the elastic material samples of 25 mm 2  surface area are taken through the thickness of the material, their compositions will be effectively identical, i.e. it should not be possible to identify a particular area having a composition which differs from any other area. As a result, the material will display substantially the same properties irrespective of where on the material sample measurements are made. In one embodiment of the invention, the first and second side panels  38 ,  40  are made entirely of elastic material. 
     When the third and fourth side panels  96 ,  98  are made of a material different to that of the first and second side panels, the material of the third and fourth side panels may, for cost reasons, be essentially non-elastic. 
     To reduce the risk of the garment “bunching” in use, it may be advantageous if the chassis  60  is also substantially non-elastic. 
     The absorbent article illustrated in  FIG. 4  may further comprise so-called standing gathers (not shown). As is known per se, by providing the free end of the gathers with elastic threads, barriers to the transmission of bodily waste in the transverse direction are created. The material of the standing gathers may be the same as for the topsheet layer  64  or it may be different. Purely by way of example, the topsheet may be a spunbond material and the standing gathers may be constituted by a meltblow material. When standing gathers are to be incorporated in the absorbent article, this is done in a manner known per se at a (not shown) processing station upstream of the sixth processing station  58  at which the subsequent united structure  56  is severed. 
     In order for the absorbent article  60  to be serviceable, the material constituted by the first and second stabilizing strips  32 ,  34 , which extends between the first and third side panels  38 ,  96  and the second and fourth side panels  40 ,  98  has to be removed. This removal of stabilizing strip material may be effected at an eighth processing station  144  (see  FIG. 3 ) located between the seventh processing station  126  and the sixth processing station  58 . In one embodiment of the invention, the removal of the material occurs during formation of leg openings  146  by removal of material from at least one transversely opposed pair of side panels  38 ,  40 ;  96 ,  98 . Thus, in  FIG. 4 , material  148  may be removed from the first and second side panels  38 ,  40  and/or material  150  may be removed from the third and fourth side panels  96 ,  98 . In order to remove the material constituted by the first and second stabilizing strips  32 ,  34 , which extends between the first and third side panels  38 ,  96  and the second and fourth side panels  40 ,  98 , the material  148 ,  150  removed from the side panels should extend to the transverse edges of the side panels. 
     In a further embodiment of the invention, the formation of the leg openings  146  also includes removal of topsheet material and backsheet material, as indicated by reference number  152 . Preferably, the formation of the leg openings is effected in one cutting operation in which the material  148 ,  150  and  152  is removed to thereby create a continuous curved leg opening. A suitable cutting path for a cutter is schematically illustrated in  FIG. 3  and denoted by reference number  154 . 
     Although the method and article described above relate to either an open or closed type diaper, in a further aspect of the present invention, the first and second side panels  38 ,  40  may be constituted by belt halves of a belted absorbent article. Thus, for such an article, suitably folded belt halves are applied to the web  12  of backsheet material at the fourth processing station  36  to bridge the gap  35  between the first and second stabilizing strips. The belt halves may be folded such that the first and second stabilizing strips form the outer edges of the belt halves, or provide regions of material transversely inwardly of the outer edges. 
     The invention has been described in the above by way of example only and various modifications will be apparent to the skilled person. For example, although a method has been described in which adhesive is applied to the web  12  of backsheet material, it is to be understood that adhesive may instead be applied to the components which are to come into contact with the web, such as the absorbent structures  28  and the side panels. Accordingly, it is to be understood that the scope and limitations of the invention are defined solely by the appended claims.