Abstract:
The invention relates to a device for processing bottles, especially empty plastic bottles. The processing device ( 1 ) comprises at least one collecting device ( 4 ) for receiving bottles ( 3 ) delivered to it and for loading several mobile intermediate supports ( 6 ) with said bottles, as well as at least one magazine ( 37 ) for the intermediate storage of full and/or empty intermediate supports ( 6 ).

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention pertains to a device for handling bottles, especially empty plastic bottles. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Collecting and palletizing units for empty glass bottles have been known from practice. They comprise a palletizing unit and an upstream collecting device, which is connected to a bottle conveyor. The collecting device is used to take over the bottles fed in in rows by the bottle conveyor and to form layers of bottles. The collection device comprises a piling table or a piling conveyor, on which the bottles are placed row by row by the bottle conveyor. The bottles then move, standing, along the piling table or conveyor without being guided and are pushed together into a layer of bottles at the end in the piling area. The palletizing unit can grasp them here with bottle grippers layer by layer and build them up into a bottle stack, the so-called pallet, on a palletizing tray, while inserts and cover layers are pushed in. This collecting and palletizing technique is suitable for heavy and stable bottles. By contrast, it cannot be used with sufficient reliability for lightweight plastic bottles, especially so-called PET bottles. These types of bottles are difficult to handle because of their low weight, the electrostatic charge and due to the high feed velocity of the bottle conveyor. In addition, the possibilities of intervening with and controlling this plant are limited. 
     SUMMARY AND OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION 
     The object of the present invention is to provide a better bottle handling device. 
     According to the invention, a device for handling bottles, especially empty plastic bottles is provided. The device has a handling system with at least one collecting device for taking over bottles fed to it and a plurality of said transportable intermediate carriers. The handling system loads a plurality of the transportable intermediate carriers with the bottles. The handling system also has at least one storage facility for the intermediate storage of filled and/or empty intermediate carriers. 
     The design of the bottle handling system according to the present invention with collecting device, transportable intermediate carriers and storage facility makes it possible to buffer the bottles between the individual handling areas. The capacity of the plant, its flexibility and also its reliability of operation are markedly increased as a result. The formation of a buffer within the plant offers the great advantage that it entails a relatively low cost. In particular, the hitherto common and very expensive pneumatic conveyors become dispensable as a result. These pneumatic conveyors were used as buffers between the bottle producer and the collecting device or the palletizing device and had to have a corresponding length. The cost, the design effort and the space requirements are substantially reduced in the internal storage facility within the plant. Moreover, the buffer function has been substantially improved and increased. 
     The present invention offers a large number of functional and design variants of the bottle handling system. This applies to the plant capacity, which can be increased, to the said storage possibilities and various internal and external carrier circulations. In particular, it is advantageous that the intermediate carrier can stop during the transfer operation, which ensures a high accuracy of deposition and positioning. The formation of layers on the intermediate carrier makes possible the correct commissioning of the bottles for the pallets and a high palletizing capacity. 
     The intermediate carriers according to the present invention preferably have a bottle guide. As a result, the bottles are in a secured position and can also be removed in the correct position for removal from the pallet and for repeated separation at a filling unit or the like. Due to the design of the intermediate carrier according to the present invention and also of the collecting device, the bottles cannot fall over any more and cannot cause any disturbances in operation. In particular, the device according to the present invention is able to also take up bottles at very high feed velocities, to transfer them row by row, to assign them to rows and to load the intermediate carrier correspondingly. The device according to the present invention has a very high performance capacity as a result. 
     It is particularly advantageous that the closing of the row of the bottle rows fed in at laterally spaced locations from one another is also carried out with a high degree of reliability. The row is closed during the transfer within the circulating means of the transfer unit by laterally adjustable row grippers. The bottles can then be ultimately arranged in the bottle layer ultimately formed on the intermediate carrier in a dense layer suitable for the final palletization. 
     The device according to the present invention may also be set and converted for different bottle formats with relatively little effort. 
     In the case of the embodiment of the bottle handling device according to the present invention, the proneness to error and breakdown is extensively minimized. This increases the reliability of operation of the entire plant. The question of capacity can be solved by the intermediate storage facility. This makes it possible to use, in particular, a central palletizing unit for the entire plant and a further reduction in the risk of breakdown. The storage facility equalizes the different throughput of the bottle producers and of the central palletizing unit or of another bottle handling means, e.g., a washing unit, a filling unit or the like and it can be used, on the other hand, as a buffer in case of breakdown or disturbance of individual components of the plant. Above all, the bottle producer is cut off from any disturbing effects from the area of the palletizing unit or conveyor system. 
     The bottle handling device according to the present invention can be expanded into a larger plant, in which the individual devices may overlap and complement one another. The number and the assignment of the individual components, especially of the collecting devices, the palletizing units or the like can also be adapted in a suitable manner. 
     The device according to the present invention requires relatively little effort in terms of design and control engineering despite high reliability. It also requires little space and can be expanded in the above-mentioned manner as desired. Existing plants may also be retrofitted with it. The device according to the present invention is not bound to certain materials or formats of bottles but can be used for any bottle. Furthermore, it does not require any specially trained operating personnel. 
     In the preferred embodiment, the intermediate carriers circulate within the bottle handling device and are used for the layer by layer transport of the empty bottles between the bottle producer and the palletizing unit or other handling means. In addition, the intermediate carriers may, however, also circulate in a larger circulation by acting themselves as a pallet component and reaching, together with the empty bottles, first the filling unit and from there optionally even the consumers via the commercial connections. From here, they can optionally also be returned into the bottle handling device. This form of intermediate carrier with a preferably permanent bottle circulation in the entire circuit facilitates the different bottle handling operations and simplifies the construction and the machinery at the bottle producer, bottler and in logistics. 
     Some particularly advantageous embodiments of the design of the intermediate carriers are described herein. The design with a folded bottom is especially simple and inexpensive. The design as a display carrier has the advantage that the intermediate carrier is optimally suitable for the external circulation and for the way up to the consumer. In case of a corresponding design, the display carrier may return as tare in the circulation. However, it may also be disposed of as a disposable packaging at a suitable point. An intermediate carrier with plate bottom offers particularly favorable possibilities for forming layers and the transfer of the bottles, and the kinematics of the collecting device can be simplified and improved. Moreover, such an intermediate carrier can also be unloaded analogously, and the same advantages are obtained. 
     The intermediate carriers according to the present invention may be designed as multiformat carriers for different types and sizes of bottles. However, they may also be adapted for a special type of bottle, at least as far as the design of the interior space is concerned. Different intermediate carriers or identical intermediate carriers can thus be correspondingly used in the bottle handling device. The intermediate carriers preferably have the same size among each other, but they may also vary in this respect. 
    
    
     The various features of novelty which characterize the invention are pointed out with particularity in the claims annexed to and forming a part of this disclosure. For a better understanding of the invention, its operating advantages and specific objects attained by its uses, reference is made to the accompanying drawings and descriptive matter in which preferred embodiments of the invention are illustrated. 
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     In the drawings: 
     FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the plant showing a bottle handling device with a collecting and palletizing unit; 
     FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the collecting device of a collecting and palletizing unit; 
     FIG. 3 is a top view of the variant of the collecting device according to FIG. 2; 
     FIG. 4 is an enlarged top view of another variant of FIGS. 2 and 3; 
     FIG. 5 is a side view of a variant of the intermediate carriers; 
     FIG. 6 is a side partially sectional view of another variant of the intermediate carriers; and 
     FIG. 7 is a side view of another variant of the intermediate carriers. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     Referring to the drawings in particular; FIG. 3 shows a schematic view of a bottle handling system  1  for bottles  3 . The bottles are preferably empty bottles  3  here, especially empty plastic bottles, especially PET bottles. The bottle handling system  1  has at least one collecting device  4  for the bottles  3 , a plurality of transportable intermediate carriers  6  and at least one storage facility  37  for the intermediate carriers  6 . 
     The bottle handling system  1  may be designed as a collecting and palletizing unit  2  and has at least one palletizing device  7 . Instead of or in addition to the palletizing device  7 , another means, e.g., a filling unit, a washing unit, a labeling station or the like may be present as well. 
     The collecting devices  4  have one or more transfer units  5 , which load the movable or transportable intermediate carriers  6  with bottles  3 . The intermediate carriers  6  connect the collecting device  4  with the storage facility  37 , the palletizing device or devices  7  and the other means. 
     The collecting device  4  takes up the bottles  3  fed in from a bottle producer  36  in one or more single-track lines or rows  9  via one or more bottle conveyors  8 , collects them in bottle layers  25  and loads the intermediate carriers  6 . The palletizing device  7  stacks up the bottle layers  25  to multilayer pallets  35 . One or more packaging means  33  along with discharge stations  34  may also join the palletizing device  7  on the output side. 
     In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the bottle handling system  1  has, e.g., a collecting and palletizing unit  2  with a collecting device  4  and a palletizing device  7  each. As an alternative, a plurality of them may be arranged. The collecting device  4  is joined by two bottle conveyors  8 . The bottle conveyors  8  may have any suitable design, e.g., they may be pneumatic conveyors. These have a slotted air flow duct, in which the bottles  3  are guided hanging by a bottle collar and are driven forward by an air flow shooting along in the duct. The bottles  3  move in the bottle conveyor  8  at a very high rate of, e.g., 10 bottles per second. To make it nevertheless possible to handle the bottles  3 , each bottle conveyor  8  is gradually divided into a plurality of lines  9  via switches. For example, a plurality of such lines  9  open in parallel to one another at the collecting and palletizing devices. 
     The bottle producer  36  comprises, e.g., one or more blowing machines for plastic bottles. It may be arranged at a greater distance from the collecting and palletizing device  2 , as a result of which the bottle conveyors  8  have a correspondingly great length and are preferably designed for this purpose as pneumatic conveyors in the above-mentioned manner. 
     In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the bottle producer  36  is located in the immediate vicinity of the collecting and palletizing device  2 . The bottle conveyors  8  are preferably designed as short and straight conveyors here, which transfer the bottles  3  produced and continuously discharged by the bottle producer  36  in, e.g., two lines  8 ,  9  to the collecting device  4  with the transfer unit  5 . Branching into more than two lines  9  may also be located in front of or at the transfer point. 
     The bottle conveyor or bottle conveyors  8  may have any desired, suitable design. They may be, e.g., short pneumatic conveyors. However, they may also have any other suitable design, e.g., they may be designed as sliding conveyors. The bottle conveyors  8  may have a suitable and preferably small piling section or buffer section for transferring the bottles  3  being fed continuously in lines one behind the other to the intermittently operating transfer unit  5 . In a modified embodiment, the bottle producer  36  may also transfer its bottles  3  directly to the transfer unit  5 . 
     FIG. 1 also shows that the collecting and palletizing device  2  has at least one intermediate storage facility  37 , which is arranged between the collecting device  4  and the palletizing device  7 . A conveying means  24 , which preferably operates in circulation and has a feed branch  41  and a return branch  42 , is provided for transporting the individual movable intermediate carriers  6 . The conveying means  24  connects the collecting device  4  with the palletizing device  7 . In addition, the intermediate storage facility  37  is also connected to the conveying means  24  and specifically preferably to its feed branch. 
     The intermediate storage facility  37  may have any desired, suitable device, e.g., it may be a high-shelf storage area. It may have one or more storage rows with correspondingly one or more high-bay storage and retrieval units. The individual storage areas have each an input  38  and an output  39  for the loaded, intermediate carriers  6 , both of which are preferably connected to the feed branch  41 . The high-bay storage and retrieval unit  40  then takes over the intermediate carriers  6  within the shelf from the input and stores them in the intended storage positions. Conversely, the intermediate carriers  6  are delivered via the output  39 . They will then reach the palletizing device  7  directly via the feed branch  41 . 
     The intermediate storage facility  37  for the loaded intermediate carriers  6  may have various functions. On the one hand, it may act as a buffer before a filling unit (not shown), especially if the bottle producer  36  and the filling unit have different capacities. It is meaningful, e.g., for cost reasons to use a small and low-capacity blowing machine  36 , which operates around the clock. It may be advantageous now for the production of different bottle sizes to arrange a plurality of such small blowing machines  36  in parallel next to one another. It eliminates the need for the expensive and time-consuming retooling of a larger blowing machine to different types of bottles. The filling unit now has a correspondingly higher capacity and can fill bottles produced by a small blowing machine  36  in 8 hours. The storage facility  37  buffers the 16-hour operating time. The storage facility  37  may have a plurality of sections for storing the different types of bottles separated according to type. As a result, the filling means is uncoupled from the bottle production and can fill any desired type and amount of bottles  3  as needed. The different bottle producers  36  may operate continuously independently from this. A corresponding unpacking device (not shown), which removes the bottle layers  25  from the intermediate carriers  6  and separates the bottles  3  for being fed to the filling operation, is now arranged before the filling unit. 
     In another variant, the filling unit may be joined by the palletizing device  7  shown in FIG. 1. A second collecting device  4  with a transfer unit  5 , which transfers the full bottles  3  fed in row by row from the filling unit to form bottle layers  25  on intermediate carriers  6  or transfer them directly to the palletizing device  7 , is arranged behind the filling unit in this case. 
     In another variant, the intermediate storage facility  37  may be designed as a relatively small storage facility and act only as a buffer to ensure the production, e.g., as a so-called 5-minute buffer. The intermediate carriers  6  loaded on the collecting device  4  are then brought into the intermediate storage facility  37  only when needed, e.g., in the case of disturbances or bottlenecks. However, they are transported directly from the collecting device  4  to the palletizing device  7  during normal operation. 
     In another variant, a plurality of blowing machines or bottle producers  36  may be arranged in parallel next to one another, which produce different bottles. Intermediate storage according to types can be performed in the storage facility  37 . This is advantageous, e.g., when only one palletizing device  7  is present, which first palletizes one type of bottle. The other types of bottles is/are now stored intermediately in the storage facility  37 . 
     The bottle handling system  1  comprising the collecting device  4  and the storage facility  37  may also be arranged in front of a filling unit not shown independently from a bottle producer  36 . The collecting device  4  may be designed in this case as a basic device for removing the empty bottle pallets fed in from the outside in any suitable manner. This device for removal from the pallets opens the pallet layers and delivers the empty bottles  3  to the intermediate carrier  6 . The intermediate carriers  6  may be stored intermediately in the storage facility  37  before the filling of the bottles. 
     The unloaded and empty intermediate carriers  6  are again fed to the collecting device  4  with the transfer unit  5  by the palletizing device  7  on the return branch  42 . The return branch  42  may have a piling section. However, a separate storage facility for buffering the intermediate carriers  6  may also join the return branch  42 . This intermediate carrier storage facility is not shown for clarity&#39;s sake. 
     The feed branch  41  and the return branch  42  are preferably designed as straight conveying rows. They may be conveyor belts, roller conveyors or other suitable conveying means. The transfer of the intermediate carriers  6  takes place at the end points via corresponding cross belts. At the end-side cross belt, the palletizing device  7  takes over the bottle layers  25  from the intermediate carriers  6 , so that the empty intermediate carriers  6  can then move back onto the return branch  42 . At the front end, the cross belt is located in the area of the collecting device  4  and of the transfer unit  5 . As a result, completely loaded intermediate carriers  6  can be delivered very rapidly to the feed branch  41  without interruption in time and without interruption of the cycle and new, empty intermediate carriers  6  can be brought into the loading position. As a result, the next, empty intermediate carrier  6  can also already be loaded at the collecting device  4  during the conveying and during the unloading at the palletizing device  7 . 
     The bottles  3  preferably consist of plastic, especially polytetrafluoroethylene. These so-called PET bottles are thick-walled and have a low weight. On the neck of the bottle, they have a circular and laterally projecting collar, by which they can be grasped and guided, hanging, by the bottle conveyors  8 . These bottles usually have a central indentation on their bottom and a plurality of upwardly extending notches at the surrounding edge, so that the base is formed by five contact points distributed around the central axis of the bottle. The diameter of the base is smaller than the external diameter of the bottles, so that the PET bottles have a certain lability. The bottles  3  may also become charged electrostatically and mutually repel one another as a result. Due to the low stability and the low weight, the bottles  3  are sensitive to mechanical shocks, air flows, etc., and tend to fall over. 
     FIG. 2 shows the opening or end area  10  of the bottle conveyor  8  at the collecting device  4 . The bottles  3  arrive here line by line in rows one behind the other and are stopped by controllable closures not shown at the end of the conveyor  8 . There is a piling or run-out section, in which, e.g., the conveying air is also blown off, in this end area. The bottles  3  present in the end area  10  are driven forward from behind by the bottles moving up behind them. FIG. 2 also shows how the bottles  3  hang by the collar in the conveying ducts. 
     FIG. 2 shows a specific embodiment of the collecting device  4 . The collecting device  4  comprises at least one row support  12  and at least one transfer unit  5  and preferably a plurality of intermediate carriers  6 . The collecting device  4  has a plurality of positive-locking bottle guides  13 ,  18 ,  21 . As a result, the bottles  3  are taken over by the bottle conveyor  8  in rows, transferred onto the intermediate carrier  6 , grouped to form a bottle layer  25 , and then fed to the palletizing device  7 , the bottles  34  being always guided preferably and essentially such that they cannot fall over and can move in a limited and controlled manner only. The intermediate carrier  6  is stopped during the transfer and loading operation. 
     The row support  12  joins the end area  10  of the bottle conveyor  8 . The row support  12  has, e.g., a stationary piling table with a plurality of support aisles and railing-like bottle guides  13 , which extend in a corresponding number and in extension of the end areas  10  of the bottle conveyor  8  and laterally guide the bottles  3  taken over from the bottle conveyor  8 . The railings  13  have adjustable width and can be adapted to different bottle formats. In addition, they can be laterally displaced in order to adjust their number and arrangement in relation to the bottle conveyor  8 . At the conveyor-side ends, the railings  13  may have oblique guide surfaces for the bottles  3  to slide on and be guided. 
     The bottles  3  may slide along on the piling table  12  in the upright position. As an alternative, the piling table  12  may also have a conveyor belt or the like, which moves in the direction of conveying of the bottles  3 , instead of the stationary base. To take up the bottles  3 , the closures of the end areas  10  are cyclically opened, so that the rows  14  of bottles being held there can be pushed onto the piling table  12 . As soon as the predetermined length of the row has been reached, the closures of the end areas  10  close again, so that the next batch of bottles can pile up. 
     The row support  12  has at least one stop  15  each in the area of the bottle guides  13 . In the simplest embodiment, the stops  15  may be arranged stationarily. They are now periodically offset axially from one row to the next, and the amount of the offset preferably equals half of the bottle diameter. As a result, the adjacent rows  14  of bottles are arranged offset in relation to one another such that gaps are closed and the tightest possible packing of bottles is formed in the bottle layer  25  to be formed later. 
     In addition, the stops  15  are axially movable in the embodiment shown and have a controlled drive  16  for this purpose, which is arranged, e.g., on an extension of the table or under the piling table  12 . During the takeover of a new load of bottles, the stops  15  are positioned directly in front of the end area  10  of the bottle conveyor  8 . As soon as the closures of the end area  10  open and push out the bottles  3 , the stops  15  draw back in a controlled manner and offer an axial guiding for the bottles  3  taken up as a result. As a result, the bottles  3  cannot be knocked over during take-up. On the whole, the bottles  3  are guided all around on four sides in a positive-locking manner during the take-up, and the guiding in the rear is performed by the next bottle  3  following in the row. 
     After the takeover, the rows  14  of bottles are ready on the row support  12  for the transfer unit  5 . The transfer unit  5  is preferably designed as a biaxial or multiaxial robot  11  with freely controllable and programmable axes and has a portal-like cross arm  20 , which extends at right angles to the rows  14  of bottles and at which one or more gripping means  17  can move to and fro and lift over or transfer the rows  14  of bottles onto the intermediate carrier  6  kept ready on the feed branch  41 . 
     The gripping means  17  is designed as a multiaxially movable gripping head. It has a plurality of row grippers  18 , which grasp the rows  14  of bottles in the row support  12  in a suitable manner in the head area, hold them and release them on the intermediate carrier  6 . The row grippers  18  comprise, e.g., long gripping channels with lateral gripping arms, which grasp the bottles under their necks and hold them in a positive-locking manner as a result. 
     The row grippers  18  may have one or more adjusting means  19 . In the embodiment shown, the adjusting means  19  permits a lateral movement of the row grippers  18 , as a result of which the rows  14  of bottles can move up closer to one another after the take-up. In the end area  10  and in the row support  12 , the rows  14  of bottles are spaced somewhat more widely from one another because of adjustment to the format and for other design reasons. This lateral distance is greater than the distance desired in the bottle layer  25 . Due to the lateral movement of the row grippers  18 , the rows  14  of bottles can be guided in closely spaced locations from one another and they may even be brought into contact with one another corresponding to the desired packing density. The adjusting means  19  has a suitable drive along with a freely programmable control for this purpose. 
     The rows  14  of bottles and the intermediate carrier  6  have the same length in the exemplary embodiment shown. To fill the intermediate carrier  6 , the rows  14  of bottles are placed next to one another, and the gripping means  17  moves repeatedly to and fro. The bottle layer  25  formed on the intermediate carrier  6  in this embodiment shown is as large as the bottom of the pallet. 
     In a variant of the embodiment shown, an intermediate carrier  6  may also have overlength and take up two or more bottle layers  25 . As a result, two or more rows  14  of bottles must be correspondingly arranged one behind the other on the intermediate carrier  6 . The adjusting means  19  may have additional mobility in the longitudinal direction of the row for this purpose and have, e.g., a telescoping means for this for extending the row grippers  18  not shown. In addition, the adjusting means  19  performs the lifting and lowering movements of the row grippers  18  necessary for the transfer. The row grippers  18  form the bottle guide during the transfer process. 
     A bottle guide  21  is also present on the intermediate carrier  6 , which is preferably trough-shaped. It comprises, e.g., a frame, in which the bottles  3  are guided upright and all around in a positive-locking manner, similarly as in the row support  12 . In the embodiment shown, the intermediate carrier  6  has for this purpose a carrier edge  22 , which imitates the contour of the bottle and which also takes into account the offset of the rows by means of corresponding projections. A plurality of upright guide pins  23 , which extend between four adjacent bottles  3  each, are arranged in the inner area of the intermediate carrier  6 . The carrier edge  22  and the guide pins  23  may have slide-on bevels for easier introduction and insertion of the bottles  3 . As an alternative, the bottle guides  21  may also be formed in any other manner, e.g., by shelf webs or the like. 
     The palletizing device  7  may also have different designs. The individual palletizing device  7  has one or more palletizing stations  26 , on which the bottle layers  25  are stacked up on a pallet bottom one after another to form a complete pallet  35 . The palletizing station  26  is arranged on the side next to the end position of the intermediate carrier  6  and the conveying means  24 . One or more insert stacks  27 ,  28 ,  29  may join in a row on the other side. These stacks contain the pallet bottoms and the spacers and covers, which are needed for building up the bottle layers  25  and will hereinafter be called palletizing inserts. The spacers and covers are, e.g., cardboard or other suitable, flat materials, which are placed between the bottle layers  25 . 
     The palletizing device  7  has at least one gripping means  30 ,  31  for transferring the bottle layers  25  from the intermediate carrier  6  onto the palletizing station and for taking in and inserting the palletizing inserts from the stacks  27 ,  28 ,  29 . Separate gripping means  30 ,  31  are present in the preferred embodiment in order to increase the performance. 
     The palletizing device  7  is preferably likewise designed as a linear multiaxial robot  11 , which has a cross arm  20  extending at right angles to the rows of bottles for displacing the gripping means  30 ,  31 . The gripping means  30 ,  31  have suitable gripping heads, which can be at least raised and lowered and possibly have additional axes of movements. 
     The gripping means  31  is designed as a bottle gripper, which preferably grasps the entire bottle layer  25  and transfers it in one stroke onto the palletizing station  26 . The gripping means  31  may have an additional axial adjustability in the form of a telescopic arrangement or the like for servicing multilayer and excessively long intermediate carriers  6 . 
     The finished pallets  35  formed at the palletizing station  26  are fed via longitudinal and cross belts to a packaging device (not shown and wrapped, e.g., with a plastic film here and optionally strapped for stabilization. The packed pallets  35  are made ready for picking up in the adjoining discharge station and are brought from here, e.g., into an intermediate storage facility and farther to the filling unit (not shown. 
     FIGS. 3 and 4 show modifications of the collecting device  4  and of the transfer unit  5 . In both cases, the transfer unit  5  can take over the bottles  3  with the gripping means  17  from the bottle conveyors  8  directly and without the intermediary of a piling table  12 . The row grippers  18  are arranged at the same level as the bottle conveyors  8 , so that the bottles  3  can be pushed over directly and hanging into the row grippers  18 . The adjusting means  19  make possible the adjustment and accurate positioning of the row grippers  18  to the bottle conveyors  8 . In particular, a plurality of bottle grippers  18  may be loaded simultaneously as well. In the embodiment shown, the gripping head  17  has two bottle grippers  18 . However, the number may also be higher as desired. It may preferably correspond to the number of lines  9  or bottle conveyors  8 . However, the number may also be different. 
     The intermediate carriers  6  in FIGS. 3 and 4 may correspond to the embodiment according to FIG.  2 . However, FIG. 4 shows yet another variant for this. The intermediate carriers  6  comprise there trays open on one side with a flat bottom plate and three carrier edges  22  surrounding in a U-shaped pattern. Instead of the missing fourth carrier wall, a transversely movable pusher  43  with a suitable drive  44  is provided in the loading area. The pusher  43  forms, together with the existing carrier edges  22 , the lateral bottle guide  21 . The intermediate carrier  6  or its bottom plate has no guide pins  23  projecting upward in the middle area in this embodiment. 
     The pusher  43  is also used to position and push together the bottles  3  on the intermediate carrier  6 . The rows  14  of bottles may be deposited by the transfer unit  5  at mutually laterally spaced locations from one another on the intermediate carrier  6 . The pusher  43  is somewhat withdrawn for this purpose and offers the necessary free space. The pusher  43  then moves forward again and pushes the deposited rows  14  of bottles onto the rows of bottles already introduced and forms the necessary packing density of the bottle layers  25  in the process. Time is saved in this procedure for the transfer unit  5 , which is advantageous for the preferred direct loading of the bottle grippers  18  at the bottle conveyors  8 . In addition, the intermediate carriers  6  can pick up any bottle format as a result. The carrier edges  22  are also designed in this case as smooth walls without guiding profiles. The arrangement of the bottles is shown in FIG. 4 only partially and purely schematically. 
     The fourth carrier wall may be omitted for the further transport of the intermediate carriers  6 . The bottle layer  25  is now guided on three sides via the remaining three carrier edges  22 . As an alternative, the pusher  43  may also be designed as the fourth carrier wall and be correspondingly connected detachably to the drive  44 . The carrier wall is unhinged during loading and it acts as a pusher plate. It is again connected to the intermediate carrier  6  in a suitable manner at the end of the loading. 
     Another variant of the bottle handling system  1  is also possible concerning the intermediate carrier circulation. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the intermediate carriers  6  circulate within the bottle handling system  1  between the collecting device  4  and the palletizing device  7 . They are loaded and unloaded permanently, and they may also be stored intermediately in the loaded or empty state. It is possible in the variant mentioned to also use the intermediate carriers  6  to form the pallet  35  and to allow them to leave the bottle handling system  1 . In this case, the intermediate carriers  6  preferably have the bottle guides  21  shown in FIG.  2 . In addition, the intermediate carriers  6  may also have suitable mutual guides in order to be able to be stacked one over another in a simple and self-centering manner to form the pallet. The palletizing device  7  with its robot  11  is also designed in a suitable manner for this purpose and it grasps the entire intermediate carrier  6  instead of the individual bottle layers  25  and transfers it to form the pallet. In this variant, the intermediate carriers  6  circulate in a larger circuit, which leads via the filling unit, the merchant and the consumer and back to the bottle handling system  1  via a reprocessing or cleaning plant. The circulating intermediate carrier  6  now takes up not only the empty bottles  3  loaded in the bottle handling system  1 , but also the full bottles after the filling. 
     FIGS. 5,  6  and  7  show variants of the intermediate carrier  6 . 
     FIG. 5 shows an especially simple embodiment, in which the intermediate carrier  6  is designed as a folded bottom  49 . The folded bottom  49  consists of paperboard, cardboard, plastic or another suitable material and has a flat bottom plate  48  with four surrounding upright and closed edges  22 . This folded bottom  49  can circulate within the bottle handling system  1 . However, it may also be used to palletize the bottle layers  25  and leave the bottle handling system  1 . Four new folded bottoms are correspondingly provided at the collecting device. One or more edges  22  can be torn off and folded over for removal from the pallets or for unloading the folded bottom, so that the bottle layer  25  can be pushed off with a pusher completely during the removal from the pallet. 
     FIG. 6 shows another variant of the intermediate carrier  6 , which is designed as a so-called display carrier  50  here. The display carrier  50  has a bottle guide  21  for every individual bottle  3 , which is designed, e.g., as an integrated guide trough  51 . The display carrier  50  consists for this of, e.g., a blown, foamed molded plate or a molded plate made preferably of plastic in another manner. The display carrier  50  is likewise intended for external circulation and for use in retail and optionally also at the final consumer. It is particularly suitable for sale in discount stores in which the bottles  3  are offered for sale on the pallet. The display carrier  50  may also have a multipart design. 
     In an additional variant, FIG. 7 shows an intermediate carrier  6 , which has a plate bottom  45 . Correspondingly shaped opposing plates  47 , which are moved up and down by a lifting means  46  arranged preferably stationarily at the collecting device  4 , extend into the intermediate spaces between the plates. To load the intermediate carrier  6 , the bottles  3  are first arranged in one or more parallel rows or optionally also in a complete bottle layer  25  at a correspondingly designed collecting device  4  and are then pushed off onto the raised opposite plates  47  by a pusher  43  or another, suitable actuating means. The size of the plates is selected to be so small compared with the size of the bottle that pushing off is possible. The pushing off may take place at right angles to or along the direction of the plates. After forming and positioning the finished bottle layer  25  or at least a subgroup, the loaded opposing plates  47  are lowered from the elevated take-over position shown in FIG. 7, and they exit the plate bottom  45  in the downward direction. The bottles  3  are now deposited on the plate bottom  45 . The loaded intermediate carrier  6  can then be removed. This form of plate carrier makes possible another, simpler design of the collecting device  4  and of the transfer unit  5 , the lifting and lowering movements of the bottle grippers are eliminated and are replaced with pure push-off movements. The layers can be formed from the bottles  3  fed in in individual rows by means of a rolling table or in any other desired, suitable manner. It is also possible here, in particular, to first position the bottles  3  at certain mutually laterally spaced locations from one another in groups to avoid the problems of adhesion and to collect them while forming layers. The bottles are then pushed together and brought into contact with one another only during the pushing off onto the intermediate carrier  6  or the opposing plates  47 . Due to this time delay, the problems linked with adhesion and electrostatic charge will have often disappeared by the time the bottles  3  first come into contact with one another. This technique may also be used in conjunction with the other intermediate carriers  6  shown if the corresponding technical adaptation is made. 
     Various modifications of the embodiment shown and described are possible. The bottle conveyor  8  may have any desired, suitable design. Instead of a pneumatic conveyor with the bottles  3  being conveyed in the hanging position, an upright conveyor with rollers, a conveyor belt or other suitable conveying mechanisms may be provided as well. Furthermore, the number of rows  14  of bottles in the area of the bottle conveyor  8  and of the row supports  12  or of the transfer units  5  may vary. The number of rows also does not need to be always equal between the said components. Corresponding statements may also be made concerning the gripping means  31  for transferring the bottle layers  25  at the palletizing station  26 . In one variant, the gripping means  31  can grasp and transfer only part of the bottle layer  25 . In the other variant with excessively long intermediate carriers  6 , it is possible to grasp a plurality of bottle layers  25  all at once. The bottle layer  25  is as large as the area of the pallet bottom in the embodiment described. This size is a matter of definition and can be modified. Different pallet sizes and/or bottle formats are sometimes also processed at a collecting and palletizing unit  2 , so that the intermediate carrier  6  is filled only partly. The design of the technical components of the collecting and palletizing units  2 , especially of the row support  12 , the transfer unit  5 , the palletizing device  7 , the intermediate carrier  6 , etc., is also variable. In particular, the gripping means for grasping the rows  14  of bottles may have any suitable design. The intermediate carrier  6  may be plate-like or have any other suitable shape as a container or carrier for the bottle layers. 
     While specific embodiments of the invention have been shown and described in detail to illustrate the application of the principles of the invention, it will be understood that the invention may be embodied otherwise without departing from such principles.