Abstract:
Phenyl- or thienyl-substituted quinolizidines and indolizidines as well as quaternary salts thereof are disclosed. These compounds are useful as pharmaceutical agents exhibiting strong spasmolytic, anti-ulcer, anti-histaminic and antiemetic activities with minimized side effects such as thirst and dilation of the pupil. 
     Phenyl- or thienyl-substituted quinolizidine-methanols and indolizidine-methanols which are starting materials of the aforementioned quinolizidine and indolizidine compounds are also useful as having spasmolytic, anti-ulcer, anti-histaminic and anti-emetic activities.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     The present application is a continuation-in-part of our prior-filed co-pending applications Ser. Nos. 904,498, 904,530, 904,533, 904,534 and 904,535, all filed May 10, l978, and also of our prior-filed co-pending applications Ser. Nos. 969,400, both filed Dec. 14, l978, all said prior-filed co-pending applications now abandoned. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The present invention relates to substituted quinolizidine- and indolizidine compounds of the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein A represents a phenyl group or a 2-thienyl group and n is an integer of 3 or 4, and pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts thereof as well as quaternary salts thereof, and to therapeutic compositions containing the same, and further to a method of treating spasm and ulcer therewith. 
     2. Description of the Prior Art 
     Atropine has a strong anticholinergic activity and has been used as a spasmolytic agent for a long time. However, clinical use of atropine has been limited because side effects such as thirst, dilation of the pupil, and an increase in blood pressure accompany its use. Therefore, conventional synthetic spasmolytic agents such as diphemanilmethyl sulfate (see, U.S. Pat. No. 2,739,969, and Merck Index, 9th Edition, page 3309), prifinium bromide (see, Merck Index, 9th edition, page 7540), and timepidium bromide (see, J. Med. Chem., vol. 15, page 914(1972) have been proposed and provided for use. These compounds, however, are not satisfactory because their strong anticholinergic main activity is necessarily accompanied by serious undesirable side effects. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     An object of the present invention is to provide a satisfactory therapeutic agent having high anticholinergic activity but minimized side effects, which is the substituted quinolizidine- and indolizidine compound of the formula(I) above. 
     A further object of the present invention is to provide therapeutic composition containing a compound of the formula(I) which exhibits anticholinergic, antihistaminic, antitussive and analgetic activities, and a method of treating spasm and ulcer, especially spasm-associated ulcer therewith. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     The quinolizidine- and indolizidine compound of the formula(I) can be prepared by dehydrating the compound represented by the formula(II): ##STR2## wherein A and n have the same meanings as above, optionally followed by reacting the resulting compounds with pharmaceutically acceptable inorganic or organic acids in a conventional manner or with quaternizing agents of the formula(III): 
     
         R - X                                                      (III) 
    
     wherein R is a lower alkyl group; X is a pharmaceutically acceptable anion. 
     The dehydration of the compound of the formula(II) ordinarily proceeds by heating, preferably at a reflux temperature of the solvent used in an organic solvent in the presence of a dehydrating agent. Any solvent can be employed as long as it does not prevent the dehydration reaction. Typical examples of these solvents are methanol, ethanol, benzene, toluene, etc. Suitable examples of dehydrating agents which are preferably employed in the dehydration include hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphorous oxychloride, p-toluenesulfonic acid, etc. 
     The thus obtained indolizidine- and quinolizidine compound of the formula(I) can be converted into the corresponding acid addition salts, using pharmaceutically acceptable non-toxic acids, e.g., hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, oxalic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, citric acid, etc. 
     The compound of the formula(I) exhibits strong spasmolytic, anti-ulcer, anti-histaminic, antitussive and analgetic activities with minimized side effects such as thirst and dilation of the pupil. 
     The quaternary salt of the compound of the formula(I) can be represented by the formula(IV): ##STR3## wherein A and n have the same meanings as above and X is the anion of the compound R--X, wherein X is a pharmaceutically acceptable anion, and R is a lower alkyl group. 
     In the formula(IV), the lower alkyl group R has preferably 1to 3 carbon atoms, inclusive, and specific examples of the loweralkyl group include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, etc. Of these, the most preferred are methyl and ethyl groups. 
     The pharmaceutically acceptable non-toxic anions X are generally acid residues of organic or inorganic acids, such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydroiodic acid, sulfuric acid, alkyl sulfates, etc. Of these, hydrobromic acid and hydroiodic acid residues are most preferred. 
     The aforementioned quaternizing reaction can be performed in the presence of or in the absence of solvents. Typical examples of solvents which can be employed in accordance with the present invention are ether, acetone, alcohols such as methanol or ethanol, etc. The quaternizing reaction proceeds at temperatures between about 5° C. and about 100° C., preferably 10° and 40° C., more preferably room temperature (about 20° C.), if necessary in a sealed tube. 
     The quaternary salt of the formula(IV) includes steric isomers (trans- and cis-isomers), and they can be obtained as a mixture or pure isomer after recrystallization in a conventional manner. 
     It has been found that the quaternary salt of the formula (IV) possesses strong anticholinergic and anti-ulcer activities but have reduced side effects such as thirst and dilation of the pupil. 
     It has also been found that the starting material per se of the formula(II) exhibits spasmolytic, anti-histamic, antitussive and analgetic activities. The compound of the formula(II) can also be converted into the corresponding quaternary salt thereof by reacting with the aforementioned quatenizing agent R-X, as in a manner described above, the quarternary salt can be represented by the formula(V): ##STR4## wherein A, R and n each represents the same meanings as defined above. The quarternary salt of the formula(V) is also an excellent antihistaminic, anticholinergic and anti-emetic. When the quaternary salt of the formula(V) is dehydrated as described hereinabove, the quarternary salt of the formula(III) can be obtained, of course. 
     The compounds of the formula(II) or the starting material for the compounds of the formula(I) are new, except for α,α-diphenylquinolizidine-1-methanol (see, Chem Ber., vol. 90, pages 863-867 (1975)), and can be prepared in conventional manners, such as, by reacting ketones with Grignard reagents with modifications of Chem Ber., identified above, as shown in reaction routes (A) and (B) below, or by reacting esters with Grignard reagents as shown by reaction route (C), below. ##STR5## (wherein A have the same meaning as above) 
     Though representative examples of synthesis are illustrated with reference to quinolizidine compounds, the reactions can also be proceed with indolizidine compounds as well. 
     The compounds of the present invention represented by the formulae(I), (II), (IV) and (V) exhibit strong spasmolytic, anti-ulcer, anti-histaminic, antitussive and analgetic activities with minimized side effects. The high order of these activities of the active agent of the present invention, together with their reduced side effects, is evidenced by test in lower animals, representative of which are reported herein. The compound of the present invention represented by the formulae(I), (II), (IV) and (V) can be administered per os, e.g., in the form of pills or tablets, in which it may be present together with the usual pharmaceutical carriers, conventionally by compounding the compounds of the present invention together with a customary carrier or adjuvant, such as talc, magnesium stearate, starch, lactose, gelatin, any of numerous gums, and the like. Thus, in their most advantageous form, the compositions of the invention will contain a non-toxic pharmaceutical carrier in addition to the active ingredient of the present invention. Exemplary solid carriers are lactose, magnesium stearate, calcium stearate, starch, terra alba, dicalcium acacia, or the like. Representative liquid carrers are peanut oil, sesame oil, olive oil, water or the like. The active agents of the invention can be conveniently administered in such compositions containing active ingredient so as to eventually be within the dosage range illustrated hereafter. Thus, a wide variety of pharmaceutical forms suitable for many modes of administration and dosages may be employed. For oral administration, the active ingredient and pharmaceutical forms suitable for may modes of administration and dosages may be employed. For oral administration, the active ingredient and pharmaceutical carrier may, for example, take the form of a granule, pill, tablet, lozenge, elixir, syrup, or other liquid suspension or emulsion, whereas, for parenteral administration, the composition may be in the form of a sterile solution. 
     The method of using the compounds of the present invention comprises internally or externally administering the compounds of the invention, preferably orally or parenterally and preferably admixed with the pharmaceutical carrier, for example, in the form of any of the above compositions, or filled into a capsule, to alleviate conditions to be treated and symptoms thereof in a living animal body. Illustratively, it may be used in an amount of about 1 to about 100 mg. per unit dose, preferably 3 to 30 mg. for an oral dose, while parenteral dosages are usually less and ordinarily about one-half of the oral dose. The unit dose is preferably given a suitable number of times daily, typically three times. The daily dose may vary depending upon the number of times given. Naturally, a suitable clinical dose must be adjusted in accordance with the condition, age, and weight of the patient, and it goes without saying that the enhanced activities of the compounds of the invention, together with their reduced side effects, also make it suitable for wide variations, and the invention therefore should not be limited by the exact ranges stated. The exact dosage, both nit dosage and daily dosage, will of course have to be determined according to established medical principles. 
     The results of pharmacological tests performed using the compounds of the present invention are shown below. 
     Test Method: 
     The ED 50  values of the compound of the present invention with respect to protective activity against spasm induced by acetylcholine (1×10 -7  g/ml) were measured using isolated ileum of guinea pigs in accordance with the well-known Magnus method and relative potency was examined by taking the ED 50  value of atropine as 1.0. 
     
         ______________________________________ Compound              Relative Potency______________________________________2-Diphenylmethylenequinolizidine                  0.092-Diphenylmethylenequinolizidinemethyl bromide         1.123-Diphenylmethylenequinolizidinemethyl bromide         0.583-Diphenylmethylenequinolizidineethyl bromide          0.453-(Dithien-2-ylmethylene)quinolizidinemethyl bromide         0.862-(Dithien-2-ylmethylene)indolizidinemethyl iodide          0.322-(Dithien-2-ylmethylene)quinolizidinemethyl bromide         1.161-Diphenylmethyleneindolizidinemethyl bromide         0.091-(Dithien-2-ylmethylene)quinolizidinemethyl bromide         0.26Atropine               1.0Scopolamine n-butyl bromide                  0.02Diphemanyl methyl sulfate                  0.11Timepidium bromide     0.15______________________________________ 
    
     As can be seen from the results shown in the table above, the compounds of the present invention have stronger protective activity against spasm induced by acetylcholine than commercially available scopolamine, diphenmanyl methyl sulfate and timepidium bromide. The other compounds of this invention also exhibit this high order of antispasmodic activity. 
     As has been discussed before, atropine which is not actually employed for treatment of spasm-associated ulcer, as well as even commercially available compounds above accompany serious side effects of undesirable nature. Considering as a whole, it will be understood that the compounds of the present invention are excellent therapeutic agents particularly for spasm-associated ulcer. 
    
    
     The present invention will be explained hereinbelow with reference to the examples, which are given by way of illustration only and are not to be construed as limiting. 
     EXAMPLE 1 
     2-Diphenylmethylenequinolizidine hydrochloride 
     To 1.39 g. of α,α-diphenylquinolizidine-2-methanol was added 10 ml. of ethanolic hydrochloride. The resulting mixture was refluxed for 4 hrs. with stirring. The residue remained after the removal of the ethanol by distillation was dissolved in water. The solution was rendered alkaline with a potassium carbonate solution and extracted with chloroform. The chloroform layer was washed with water and dried. After the solvent was removed by distillation, light yellow liquid was obtained. The product was converted into the hydrochloride in a conventional manner. By recrystallization from acetone-ether, 0.47 g. of colorless needle 2-diphenylmethylenequinolizidine hydrochloride showing a melting point of 233° to 235° C. was obtained. 
     
         ______________________________________Elemental Analysis: C.sub.22 H.sub.25 N . HCl       C       H         N______________________________________Calcd.        77.74     7.71      4.12Found         77.48     7.59      3.78______________________________________ 
    
     EXAMPLE 2 
     2-(Diphenylmethylene)quinolizidine methyl iodide 
     In 10 ml. of acetone was dissolved 0.1 g. of 2-(diphenylmethylene)quinolizidine. After 1.0 ml. of methyl iodide was added to the solution, the mixture was stirred at room temperature of 24 hrs. The precipitated crystals were removed by filtration and recrystallized from methanol to give 0.1 g. of colorless needles having a melting point of 280° to 282° C.(decomposed). 
     
         ______________________________________Elemental Analysis: C.sub.22 H.sub.28 NI       C       H         N______________________________________Calcd.        62.03     6.34      3.14Found         61.97     6.43      3.13______________________________________ 
    
     EXAMPLE 3 
     2-(Diphenylmethylene)quinolizidine methyl bromide 
     (a) In 50 ml. of acetone was dissolved 5.5 g. of 2-(diphenylmethylene)quinolizidine. After adding 5 ml. of methyl bromide thereto, the mixture was allowed to stand for 48 hrs. at room temperature in a sealed tube. After completion of the reaction, the residue obtained by removing the solvent by distillation was recrystallized from a methanol-acetone mixture to obtain 5.34 g. of colorless prisms of the trans isomer, having a melting point of 261° to 263°0 C.(decomposed). 
     NMR (CDCl 3 )δ:3.33 (N +  --CH 3 ) 
     
         ______________________________________Elemental Analysis: C.sub.23 H.sub.28 NBr       C       H         N______________________________________Calcd.        69.34     7.08      3.52Found         69.08     7.16      3.26______________________________________ 
    
     (b) The mother liquor from the recrystallization was distilled to dryness under reduced pressure. The resulting residue was recrystallized from methaol-acetone twice. The combined mother liquors were distilled to dryness under reduced pressure to obtain colorless prisms of the cis isomer; the yield was 1.12 g. and the melting point was 235° to 236° C. 
     NMR (CDCl 3 )δ:3.67 (N +  --CH 3 ) 
     EXAMPLE 4 
     2-(Diphenylmethylene)quinolizidine ethyl bromide: 
     m.p. 233°-234° C. (acetone) 
     
         ______________________________________Elemental Analysis: C.sub.24 H.sub.30 NBr       C       H         N______________________________________Calcd.        69.90     7.33      3.40Found         69.58     7.42      3.26______________________________________ 
    
     EXAMPLE 5 
     3-Diphenylmethylenequinolizidine: 
     (a) In 20 ml. of 60% sulfuric acid was heated 1.5 g. of α,α-diphenylquinolizidine-3-methanol at 90°-95° C. for 30 mins. with stirring. After completion of the reaction, the reaction product was poured into water. The resulting solution was rendered alkaline with a 10% aq. sodium hydroxide solution and then extracted with ether. The ethereal layer was washed with water and dried. The residue obtained after removing the solvent by distillation was recrystallized from hexane to obtain 1.1 g. of colorless needles showing a melting point of 118° to 120° C. 
     
         ______________________________________Elemental Analysis: C.sub.22 H.sub.25 N       C       H         N______________________________________Calcd.        87.08     8.30      4.62Found         87.30     8.33      4.48______________________________________ 
    
     In accordance with the present invention, the product was converted into the hydrochloride in a conventional manner. By recrystallization from methanol, colorless plate-like crystals having melting point of 225° to 228° C. were obtained. 
     (b) α,α-Diphenylquinolizidine-3-methanol employed as a starting material was prepared in accordance with the following method: 
     To a solution of phenyl lithium, which had been prepared by the reaction of 1.23 g. of lithium and 16.80 g. of bromobenzene, in 50 ml. of absolute ether was dropwise added a solution of 120 g. of 3-benzoylquinolizidine in absolute ether. The mixture was refluxed for 30 mins. with stirring. After the excess of phenyl lithium was decomposed with water, the reaction mixture was extracted with ether. The thus obtained etheral layer was washed with water and dried. After removing the solvent by distillation, α,α-diphenyl-quinolizidine-3-methanol showing a melting point of 166° to 167° C. was obtained. 
     EXAMPLE 6 
     3-Diphenylmethylenequinolizidine methyl iodide: 
     In 30 ml. of methanol was dissolved 2.0 g. of 3-diphenylmethylenequinolizidine. After adding 1.5 ml. of methyl iodide to the solution, the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 24 hrs. After completion of the reaction, the solvent was distilled off and the resulting crystals were recrystallized from acetone to obtain 1.6 g. of colorless prisms showing a melting point of 221° to 224° C. 
     
         ______________________________________Elemental Analysis: C.sub.23 H.sub.28 NI       C       H         N______________________________________Calcd.        62.03     6.34      3.14Found         61.94     6.34      3.00______________________________________ 
    
     EXAMPLE 7 
     3-Diphenylmethylenequinolizidine methyl bromide: 
     (a) This compound was prepared in a manner similar to Example 6. 
     Melting point: 259°-261° C. (decompd., colorless needles) 
     NMR (CDCl 3 )δ:2.97(N +  --CH 3 ) 
     
         ______________________________________Elemental Analysis: C.sub.23 H.sub.28 NBr       C       H         N______________________________________Calcd.        69.34     7.08      3.52Found         69.60     7.29      3.26______________________________________ 
    
     (b) The residue obtained by evaporating to dryness the so obtained mother liquor of the recrystallization above under reduced pressure was recrystallized again from methanol-ether, which procedure was repeated twice to obtain the mother liquor. The combined mother liquors were evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure. The resulting residue was recrystallized from methanol-ether to give colorless crystals having a melting point of 256° to 259° C. 
     NMR (CDCl 3 )δ:3.40(N +  -CH 3 ) 
     
         ______________________________________Elemental Analysis: C.sub.23 H.sub.28 NBr       C       H         N______________________________________Calcd.        69.34     7.08      3.52Found         69.06     6.20      3.48______________________________________ 
    
     EXAMPLE 8 
     3-Diphenylmethylenequinolizidine ethyl bromide: 
     This compound was prepared in a manner similar to Example 6. 
     Melting point: 225°-228° C. (from acetone) 
     
         ______________________________________Elemental Analysis: C.sub.24 H.sub.30 NBr       C       H         N______________________________________Calcd.        69.90     7.33      3.40Analysis      69.87     7.36      3.27______________________________________ 
    
     EXAMPLE 9 
     1-Diphenylmethylenequinolizidine sulfate: 
     3.5 g. of α,α-diphenylmethylenequinolizidine-1-methanol was heated together with 35 ml. of 60% sulfuric acid at about 100° C. for 20 mins. The reaction mixture was poured into water. After the mixture was rendered alkaline with a 20% aq. sodium hydroxide, the mixture was extracted with ether. The ethereal layer was washed with water and dried. The residue(3.1 g.) obtained after removing the solvent by distillation was treated with ethanolic sulfuric acid. By recrystallization of the thus obtained sulfate from ethanol, colorless needle crystals having a melting point of 219° to 221° C. were obtained. 
     
         ______________________________________Elemental Analysis: C.sub.22 H.sub.25 N . H.sub.2 SO.sub.4       C       H         N______________________________________Calcd.        65.81     6.78      3.49Found         65.78     6.92      3.24______________________________________ 
    
     EXAMPLE 10 
     1-Diphenylmethylenequinolizidine methyl iodide: 
     In 20 ml. of acetone was dissolved 0.5 g. of 1-diphenyl-methylenequinolizidine. After 1.0 ml. of methyl iodide was added to the solution, the mixture was allowed to stand for 10 mins. The crystals precipitated were taken out by filtration. By recrystallization of the thus obtained crystals (0.53 g.) from methanol, colorless plate-like crystals having a melting point of 294° to 296° C. (decompd.) were obtained. 
     
         ______________________________________Elemental Analysis: C.sub.23 H.sub.28 NI       C       H         N______________________________________Calcd.        62.03     6.34      3.14Found         61.92     6.41      2.82______________________________________ 
    
     EXAMPLE 11 
     1-Diphenylmethylenequinolizidine methyl bromide: 
     This compound was prepared in accordance with the procedures similar to Example 10. 
     Melting point: &gt;300° C. (from ethanol) 
     NMR (CDCl 3 ) δ: 3.19 (N +  --CH 3 ) 
     
         ______________________________________Elemental Analysis: C.sub.23 H.sub.28 NBr       C       H         N______________________________________Calcd.        69.34     7.08      3.52Found         69.29     7.19      3.27______________________________________ 
    
     EXAMPLE 12 
     1-Diphenylmethylenequinolizidine ethyl bromide: 
     This compound was prepared in a manner similar to Example 10. 
     Melting point: &gt;300° C. (from ethanol) 
     
         ______________________________________Elemental Analysis: C.sub.24 H.sub.30 NBr . 1/2H.sub.2 O       C       H         N______________________________________Calcd.        68.40     7.41      3.32Found         68.61     7.31      3.24______________________________________ 
    
     EXAMPLE 13 
     2-Diphenylmethyleneindolizidine: 
     This compound was prepared in a manner similar to Example 9. 
     Melting point: 76°-79° C. (from n-hexane, colorless needles) 
     
         ______________________________________Elemental Analysis: C.sub.21 H.sub.23 N       C       H         N______________________________________Calcd.        87.15     8.01      4.84Found         87.08     8.14      4.76______________________________________ 
    
     EXAMPLE 14 
     In a manner similar to Example 10, the following compounds were prepared: 
     (i) 2-Diphenylmethyleneindolizidine methyl iodide: 
     Melting point: 242°-244° C. (from methanol-acetone, colorless needles) 
     
         ______________________________________Elemental Analysis: C.sub.22 H.sub.26 NI       C       H         N______________________________________Calcd.        61.26     6.08      3.25Found         61.00     6.15      3.13______________________________________ 
    
     (ii) 2-Diphenylmethyleneindolizidine methyl bromide: 
     Melting point: 267°-269° C. (from methanol-acetone, decomposed) 
     NMR (CDCl 3 ) δ: 3.08 (N +  -CH 3 ) 
     
         ______________________________________Elemental Analysis: C.sub.22 H.sub.26 NBr       C       H         N______________________________________Calcd.        68.75     6.82      3.64Found         68.57     6.82      3.53______________________________________ 
    
     EXAMPLE 15 
     2-(Dithien-2-ylmethylene)indolizidine 
     To 2.66 g. of α,α-(dithien-2-yl)indolizidine-2-methanol was added to 20 ml. of ethanolic hydrochloric acid. The mixture was stirred for 1.5 hr. with heating at 60° C. Water was added to the residue obtained after removing ethanol by distillation to dissolve. Thereafter, the solution was rendered alkaline with a 10% aq. sodium hydroxide solution and then extracted with ether. The etherial layer was washed with water and dried. The residue remained after removing the solvent by distillation was distilled to obtain 1.76 g. of yellow liquid showing a boiling point of 195° to 197° C. (3 mmHg). The product was converted into the hydrochloride in a conventional manner. By recrystallization from isopropanol, yellow prisms having a melting point of 197° to 200° C. (decompd.) were obtained. 
     
         ______________________________________Elemental Analysis: C.sub.17 H.sub.19 NS.sub.2 . HCl       C       H         N______________________________________Calcd.        60.42     5.97      4.14Found         60.17     6.12      3.87______________________________________ 
    
     EXAMPLE 16 
     2-(Dithien-2-ylmethylene)quinolizidine 
     To 0.7 g. of α,α-(dithien-2-yl)quinolizidine-3-methanol was added 6 ml. of ethanolic hydrochloride. The mixture was heated at 60° C. for 30 mins. with stirring. Then, the residue obtained in a manner similar to Example 1 was recrystallized from isopropyl ether to obtain 0.4 g. of colorless needles showing a melting point of 128°-130° C. 
     
         ______________________________________Elemental Analysis: C.sub.18 H.sub.21 NS.sub.2       C       H         N______________________________________Calcd.        68.53     6.71      4.44Found         68.35     6.74      4.36______________________________________ 
    
     EXAMPLE 17 
     2-(Dithien-2-ylmethylene)indolizidine methyl iodide 
     In 5 ml. of acetone was dissolved 0.37 g. of 2-(dithien-2-ylmethylene)indolizidine. To the resulting solution was added 1.0 ml. of methyl iodide. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs. The formed crystals were taken out by filtration. By recrystallization from isopropanol, 0.15 g. of colorless or light brown prisms having a melting point of 222° to 225° C. were obtained. 
     
         ______________________________________Elemental Analysis: C.sub.18 H.sub.22 INS.sub.2       C       H         N______________________________________Calcd.        48.76     5.00      3.16Found         48.60     5.04      2.85______________________________________ 
    
     EXAMPLE 18 
     In a manner similar to Example 16, the following compounds were prepared. 
     (i) 2-(Dithien-2-ylmethylene)indolizidine methyl bromide 
     Melting point: 200°-202° C. (from isopropanol) 
     NMR (CDCl 3 ) δ: 3.49 (N +  --CH 3 ) 
     
         ______________________________________Elemental Analysis: C.sub.18 H.sub.22 BrNS.sub.2 . 1/5 H.sub.2 O       C       H         N______________________________________Calcd.        54.05     5.64      3.50Found         54.02     5.59      3.24______________________________________ 
    
     (ii) 2-(Dithien-2-ylmethylene)indolizidine ethyl bromide 
     Melting point: 212°-214° C. (from isopropanol-acetone) 
     Elemental Analysis: C 19  H 24  BrNS 2   
     
         ______________________________________Elemental Analysis: C.sub.19 H.sub.24 BrNS.sub.2       C       H         N______________________________________Calcd.        55.60     5.89      3.41Found         55.33     5.91      3.16______________________________________ 
    
     EXAMPLE 19 
     In a manner similar to Example 17, the following compounds were prepared. 
     (i) 3-(Dithien-2-ylmethylene)quinolizidine methyl iodide 
     Melting point: 223°-224° C. (from ethanol) 
     
         ______________________________________Elemental Analysis: C.sub.19 H.sub.24 INS.sub.2       C       H         N______________________________________Calcd.        49.89     5.29      3.06Found         49.66     5.35      2.72______________________________________ 
    
     (ii) 3-(Dithien-2-ylmethylene)quinolizidine methyl bromide 
     Melting point: 278°-280° C. (from ethanol: decompd.) 
     NMR (CDCl 3 ) δ: 2.92 (N +  -CH 3 ) 
     
         ______________________________________Elemental Analysis: C.sub.19 H.sub.24 Br NS.sub.2       C       H         N______________________________________Calcd.        55.60     5.89      3.41Found         55.78     5.89      3.37______________________________________ 
    
     (iii) 3-(Dithien-2-ylmethylene)quinolizidine ehtyl bromide 
     Melting point: 226°-228° C. (from isopropanol-acetone: decompd.) 
     
         ______________________________________Elemental Analysis:       C       H         N______________________________________Calcd.        56.12     6.22      3.27Found         56.13     6.18      3.04______________________________________ 
    
     EXAMPLE 20 
     1-(Dithien-2-ylmethylene)quinolizidine hydrochloride 
     To 1.40 g. of α, α-(dithien-2-yl)quinolizidine-1-methanol was added 15 ml. of ethanolic hydrochloric acid. The mixture was stirred for 1 hr. at 60° C. The residue obtaned by removing the solvent by distillation was dissolved in water. The solution was rendered alkaline with a 10% aq. sodium hydroxide and then extracted with ether. The ethereal layer was washed with water and dried. After removing the solvent by distillation, 1.29 g. of light brown liquid was obtained. The product was converted into the hydrochloride in a conventional manner. By recrystallization from isopropanol-isopropyl ether, the desired light brown prism hydrochloride showing a melting point of 194°-197° C. was obtained. 
     
         ______________________________________Elemental Analysis: C.sub.18 H.sub.21 NS.sub.2 . HCl       C       H         N______________________________________Calcd.        61.43     6.30      3.98Found         61.13     6.64      3.84______________________________________ 
    
     EXAMPLE 21 
     2-(Dithien-2-ylmethylene)quinolizidine 
     This compound was prepared from α,α-(dithien-2-yl)-quinolizidine-2-methanol in a manner similar to Example 20  except that potassium hydroxide was used in place of sodium hydroxide and chloroform was used for the extraction in place of ether. 
     Colorless crystals having a melting point of 88°-90° C. (from isopropyl ether) 
     
         ______________________________________Elemental Analysis: C.sub.18 H.sub.21 NS.sub.2       C       H         N______________________________________Calcd.        68.53     6.71      4.44Found         68.34     6.72      4.26______________________________________ 
    
     EXAMPLE 22 
     1-Diphenylmethyleneindolizidine 
     A mixture of 3.2 g. of α,α-diphenylindolizidine-1-methanol and 20 ml. of 60% sulfuric acid was heated at 80° C. for 1.5 hr. with stirring. After completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture was poured into water. The reaction mixture was rendered alkaline with a 20% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution and then extracted with ether. The ethereal layer was washed with water and dried. After the removal of the solvent by distillation, 2.9 g. of light yellow viscous substance was obtained. 
     Mass spectroanalysis: C 21  H 23  N m/e: 289 (M + ), 212. 
     α,α-Diphenylindolizidine-1-methanol employed as a starting material was prepared as follows: 
     To a phenyl lithium solution prepared by dissolving 0.51 g. of metallic lithium and 6.32 g. of bromobenzene in 50 ml. of absolute ether, was dropwise added a solution of 2.40 g. of 1-ethoxycarbonylindolizidine in 20 ml. of absolute ether under ice cooling. After refluxing for about 10 mins., water was dropwise added thereto, followed by extraction with ether. The ethereal layer was further extracted with dil. hydrochloric acid. The aqueous layer was rendered alkaline with an aq. sodium hydroxide solution and then extracted with ether. The ethereal layer was washed with water and dried. After removing the solvent by distillation, 3.58 g. of light yellow viscous substance was obtained. 
     Mass spectrum: C 21  H 25  NO m/e/ : 307 (M + ), 230, 123 (basic peak). 
     The product was a mixture of two diastereoisomers and used for the reaction above as it was. 
     EXAMPLE 23 
     1-(Dithien-2-ylmethylene)quinolizidine methyl iodide 
     To a solution of 0.3 g. of 1-(dithien-2-ylmethylene)-quinolizidine in 5 ml. of anhydrous acetone was added 1 ml. of methyl iodide. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hr. The formed crystals were collected by filtration. By recrystallizing from isopropanol, 0.3 g. of light brown needles having a melting point of 284°-285° C. (decompd.) were obtained. 
     
         ______________________________________Elemental Analysis: C.sub.19 H.sub.24 INS.sub.2       C       H         N______________________________________Calcd.        49.89     5.29      3.06Found         50.02     5.48      2.99______________________________________ 
    
     EXAMPLE 24 
     In a manner similar to Example 23, the following compounds were prepared. 
     (i) 1-(Dithien-2-ylmethylene)quinolizidine methyl bromide 
     Melting point: 294°-297° C. (from ethanol-isopropyl ether, decomposed) 
     NMR (CDCl 3 ) δ: 3.36 (N +  --CH 3 ) 
     
         ______________________________________Elemental Analysis: C.sub.19 H.sub.24 BrNS.sub.2       C       H         N______________________________________Calcd.        55.60     5.89      3.41Found         55.18     6.11      3.54______________________________________ 
    
     (ii) 1-(Dithien-2-ylmethylene)quinolizidine ethyl bromide 
     Melting point: 286°-288° C. (from ethanol-isopropyl ether, decomposed) 
     
         ______________________________________Elemental Analysis: C.sub.20 H.sub.26 BrNS.sub.2       C       H         N______________________________________Calcd.        56.59     6.17      3.30Found         56.79     6.54      3.13______________________________________ 
    
     EXAMPLE 25 
     2-(Dithien-2-ylmethylene)quinolizidine methyl bromide 
     In 5 ml. of acetone was dissolved 0.5 g. of 2-(dithien-2-ylmethylene)quinolizidine. To the resulting solution was added 2.0 ml. of methyl bromide. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 24 hrs. The formed crystals were taken out by filtration. By recrystallizing from ethanol, 0.49 g. of colorless crystals showing a melting point of 246°-248° C. (decomposed) were obtained. 
     NMR (CDCl 3 ) δ: 3.42 (N +  --CH 3 ) 
     
         ______________________________________Elemental Analysis: C.sub.19 H.sub.24 BrNS.sub. 2       C       H         N______________________________________Calcd.        55.60     5.89      3.41Found         55.31     5.88      3.10______________________________________ 
    
     EXAMPLE 26 
     2-(Dithien-2-ylmethylene)quinolizidine 
     This compound was prepared in a manner similar to Example 25 above except that the reaction mixture was heated at 50° C. in a sealed tube. 
     Colorless crystals having a melting point of 217°-218° C. (from isopropanol) 
     
         ______________________________________Elemental Analysis: C.sub.20 H.sub.26 BrNS.sub. 2       C       H         N______________________________________Calcd.        56.59     6.17      3.30Found         56.30     6.15      3.31______________________________________ 
    
     EXAMPLE 27 
     1-Diphenylmethyleneindolizidine methyl bromide 
     In 10 ml. of acetone was dissolved 0.5 g. of 1-diphenylmethyleneindolizidine. To the resulting solution was added 2 ml. of methyl bromide. The mixture was allowed to stand for 30 mins. The crystals obtained after distilling of the solvent were washed with acetone to obtain 540 mg. of colorless plate-like crystals showing a melting point of 210°-211° C. were obtained. 
     NMR (CDCl 3 ) δ: 3.49 (N +  --CH 3 ) 
     
         ______________________________________Elemental Analysis: C.sub.22 H.sub.26 NBr       C       H         N______________________________________Calcd.        68.75     6.82      3.64Found         68.56     6.85      3.51______________________________________ 
    
     EXAMPLE 28 
     In a manner similar to Example 27, the following compounds were obtained. 
     (i) 1-(Diphenylmethyleneindolizidine methyl iodide 
     Melting point: 189°-190° C. (colorless needles) 
     (ii) 1-Diphenylmethyleneindolizidine ethyl bromide 
     Melting point: 163°-164° C. (colorless plate-like crystals) 
     EXAMPLE 29 
     2-[1,1-Diphenyl-1-hydroxymethyl] (e)-trans-quinolizidine 
     A solution of 5.3 g. of 2-benzoyl (e)-trans-quinolizidine in dry ether was dropwise added to a solution of phenyl lithium prepared from 0.46 g. of lithium and 5.2 g. of bromobenzene in dry ether. The mixture was heated under reflux for 15 mins. After completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture was mixed with water and then ether was evaporated off by distillation. The residue was added to n-hexane to precipitate out crystals which were then collected by filtration and washed with water and then with n-hexane. After drying, 4.76 gl of colorless crystals were obtained. Recrystallization from isopropanol gave colorless plate-like crystals with a melting point of 188°-189° C. 
     IR (KBr) : 3400 cm -1  (OH) 
     
         ______________________________________Elemental Analysis: C.sub.22 H.sub.27 NO . 1/4 H.sub.2 O       C       H         N______________________________________Calcd.        81.06     8.50      4.30Found         81.11     8.63      4.30______________________________________ 
    
     EXAMPLE 30 
     2-[1,1-Diphenyl-1-hydroxymethyl] (e)-trans-quinolizidine 
     A solution of 5.3 g. of 2-ethoxycarbonyl (e)-trans-quinolizidine in dry ether was dropwise added to a solution of phenyl lithium prepared from 0.39 g. of lithium and 4.79 g. of bromobenzene in dry ether. The mixture was refluxed for 30 mins. and then treated in the manner of Example 29 to give 2.77 g. of colorless crystals. Recrystallization from isopropanol gave colorless plate-like crystals with a melting point of 188°-189° C. This compound was consistent with the product of Example 29 in IR and TLC and did not show depression of the melting point. 
     EXAMPLE 31 
     3-[1,1-Diphenyl-1-hydroxymethyl] (a)-trans-quinolizidine and 3-[1,1-diphenyl-1-hydroxymethyl] (e)-trans-quinolizidine 
     3-Ethoxycarbonyl-trans-quinolizidine (34.8 g.) were treated in the manner of Example 30 to give 45.6 g. of colorless crystals. Recrystallization from isopropanol gave (A) 3-[1,1-diphenyl-1-hydroxymethyl] (a)-trans-quinolizidine as colorless needle-like crystals with a melting point of 188°-189.5° C. and (B) 3-[1,1-diphenyl-1-hydroxymethyl] (e)-trans-quinolizidine as colorless plate-like crystals with a melting point of 166°-167° C. 
     (A) IR (CHCl 3 ): about 3000 cm -1  (OH) 
     
         ______________________________________Elemental Analysis: C.sub.22 H.sub.27 NO       C       H         N______________________________________Calcd.        82.20     8.47      4.36Found         82.07     8.53      4.49______________________________________ 
    
     (B) IR (CHCl 3 ) : 3600 cm -1  (OH) 
     
         ______________________________________Elemental Analysis: C.sub.22 H.sub.27 NO       C       H         N______________________________________Calcd.        82.20     8.47      4.36Found         82.24     8.62      4.40______________________________________ 
    
     EXAMPLE 32 
     3-[1,1-Diphenyl-1-hydroxymethy] (e)-trans-quinolizidine 
     3-Benzoyl (e)-trans-quinolizidine was treated in the manner of Example 29. The so-obtained colorless crystals were re-crystallized from isopropanol to give colorless plate-like crystals with a melting point of 166°-167° C. This compound was consistent with the compound (B) obtained in Example 31 in IR and TLC and did not show depression of the melting point. 
     EXAMPLE 33 
     3-[1,1-Diphenyl-1-hydroxymethyl] (a)-trans-quinolizidine methyl bromide 
     A mixture of 0.4 g. of 3-[1,1-diphenyl-1-hydroxymethyl]-(a)-trans-quinolizidine and 0.4 ml. of methyl bromide was heated at 40°-45° C. for two days in a sealed tube. Then, an excess of methyl bromide was removed by distillation under reduced pressure, whereby crystals were precipitated out. The crystals were recrystallized from methanol-ether to give 0.39 g. of colorless needle crystals having a melting point above 300° C. 
     In a similar manner, 0.17 g. of 3-(1,1-diphenyl-1-hydroxymethyl) (e)-trans-quinolizidine methyl bromide with a metling point of above 300° C. (from methanol-ether) was prepared, except that a mixture of 0.2 g. of the corresponding (e)-trans-quinolizidine, 3 ml. of methyl bromide and 10 ml. of methanol was allowed to stand for two days at room temperature, followed by removal of the excess methanol and methyl bromide. 
     EXAMPLE 34 
     In the manner of Example 33, the following compound was prepared. 
     2-(1,1-Diphenyl-1-hydroxymethyl) (e)-trans-quinolizidine methyl iodide 
     m.p. 275°-278° C. (methanol-acetone) 
     EXAMPLE 35 
     3-[1,1-(Dithien-2-yl)-1-hydroxymethyl] (a)-trans-quinolizidine 
     A solution of 0.34 g. of 3-(thenoyl) (a)-trans-quinolizidine in dry ether was dropwise added to a solution of thienyl magnesium bromide prepared from 0.5 g. of magnesium and 0.35 g. of 2-bromothiophene in dry ether under cooling and then heated under reflux for 3 hrs. After completion of the reaction, water was added to the reaction mixture. The ethereal layer was separated and extracted with 10% aqueous hydrochlori acid. The aqueous layer was adjusted to alkaline by adding a sodium hydroxide solution and then extracted with chloroform. The chloroform layer was washed with water and dried. After evaporation of the solvent, the residue was recrystallized from isopropyl ether to obtain 0.55 g. of colorless needles of m.p. 147°-148° C. 
     
         ______________________________________Elemental Analysis: C.sub.18 H.sub.23 NOS.sub.2       C       H         N______________________________________Calcd.        64.82     6.95      4.20Found         64.91     7.04      3.96______________________________________ EXAMPLE 36 
    
     2-[1,1-(Dithien-2-yl)-1-hydroxymethyl] (e)-trans-quinolizidine: 
     A solution of 3.80 g. of 2-ethoxycarbonyl (e)-trans-quinolizidine in dry tetrahydrofuran was added to a solution of thienyl magnesium bromide prepared from 1.35 g. of magnesium and 8.80 g. of 2-bromothiophene in dry tetrahydrofuran. The resulting mixture was stirred. After completion of the reaction, the mixture was mixed with a sodium hydroxide solution and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated and mixed with water and ether. The ethereal layer was separated and extracted with a 5% aqueous hydrochloric acid solution. After adjusting the aqueous layer to be alkaline with an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, the aqueous layer was extracted with ether. The ethereal layer was washed with water and dried. The solvent was distilled off and the residue was recrystallized from a benzene-isopropyl ether solvent mixture to obtain 4.64 g. of colorless prism-like crystals having a melting point of 149°-150° C. 
     
         ______________________________________Elemental Analysis: C.sub.18 H.sub.23 NOS.sub.2       C       H         N______________________________________Calcd.        64.82     6.95      4.20Found         64.99     6.96      3.85______________________________________ 
    
     EXAMPLE 37 
     rel-(2S, 8aR)-2-[1,1-(Dithien-2-yl)-1-hydroxymethyl]-indolizidine: 
     A solution of 0.37 g. of rel-(2S, 8aR)-2-ethoxycarbonyl-indolizidine in dry ether was dropwise added to a solution of thienyl magnesium bromide prepared from 0.14 g. of magnesium and 1.8 g. of 2-bromothiophene in dry ether under cooling and stirred at room temperature for 10 mins. After completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture was mixed with water and extracted with ether. The ethereal layer was washed with water and dried. After removing the solvent by distillation, the residue was recrystallized from isopropyl ether to give 0.10 g. of colorless needles with a melting point of 130°-131° C. 
     IR (CHCl 3 ) : about 3200 cm -1  (OH) 
     
         ______________________________________Elemental Analysis: C.sub.17 H.sub.21 NOS.sub.2       C       H         N______________________________________Calcd.        63.91     6.63      4.38Found         63.61     6.65      4.13______________________________________ 
    
     EXAMPLE 38 
     rel-(2S, 8aR)-2-(1,1-Diphenyl-1-hydroxymethyl)indolizidine(A) and rel-(2S, 8aR)-2-(1,1-diphenyl-1-hydroxymethyl)indolizidine(B) 
     2-Benzoylindolizidine was added to a solution of phenyl lithium prepared from 1.09 g. of metal lithium and 12.3 g. of bromobenzene in dry ether. The mixture was heated under reflux for 20 mins. After completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture was mixed with water and dried. The solvent was distilled off and the residue was mixed with nOhexane. The resulting crystals were filtered under suction to give 11.75 g. of colorless crystals. By recrystallization from isopropyl ether, colorless needles (A) with a melting point of 136°-138° C. were obtained. 
     IR (CHCl 3 ) : 3600 cm -1  (OH) 
     
         ______________________________________Elemental Analysis: C.sub.21 H.sub.25 NO       C       H         N______________________________________Calcd.        82.04     8.20      4.56Found         81.91     8.23      4.44______________________________________ 
    
     The mother liquor from the recrystallization was evaporated off under reduced pressure to dryness and the residue was recrystallized from isopropyl ether to give colorless needles (B) with a melting point of 132°-134° C. 
     IR (CHCl 3 ) : about 3200 cm -1   
     
         ______________________________________Elemental Analysis: C.sub.21 H.sub.25 NO       C       H         N______________________________________Calcd.        82.04     8.20      4.56Found         81.87     8.06      4.33______________________________________ 
    
     EXAMPLES 39-43 
     1-(1,1-Diphenyl-1-hydroxymethyl)indolizidine 
     A solution of 2.40 g. of 1-ethoxycarbonylindolizidine in 20 ml. of dry ether was dropwise added to a solution of phenyl lithium prepared from 0.51 g. of metal lithium, 6.32 g. of bromobenzene and 50 ml. of dryether under ice cooling. After refluxing for about 10 mins., water was dropwise added to the reaction mixture. The mixture was extracted with ether. The ethereal layer was extracted with a diluted hydrochloric acid solution and the aqueous layer was adjusted to alkaline with a causting soda solution and then extracted with ether. The ethereal layer was washed with water and dried. After removing the solvent by distillation, 3.58 g. of yellowish viscous substance was obtained. This substance was crystallized. By recrystallization from isopropyl ether, colorless needles with a melting point of 120°-121° C. was obtained. 
     
         ______________________________________Elemental Analysis: C.sub.21 H.sub.25 NO       C       H         N______________________________________Calcd.        82.04     8.20      4.56Found         81.92     8.29      4.40______________________________________ 
    
     Mass spectrograph: C 21  H 25  NO 
     m/e : 307 (M + ), 230 123 (base peak) 
     This product was a mixture of two diastereoisomers. 
     Compounds (40)-(43) below were prepared according to the same method as described in the above example. 
     
         ______________________________________Compound          Physical Data______________________________________(40) 1-[1,1-(Dithien-2-yl)-1-                 m.p. 186°- 187° C.hydroxymethyl](a)-trans-quinolizidine                 (isopropyl ether)(41) 3-[1,1-(Dithien-2-yl)-1-                 m.p. 176°- 77° C.hydroxymethyl](e)-trans-quinolizidine                 (isopropanol-isopropyl ether)(42) rel-(2R, 8aR)-2-[1,1-(Di-                 m.p. 101°- 102° C.thien-2-yl)-1-hydroxymethyl]indolizidine                 IR (CHCl.sub.3): 3590 cm.sup.-1 (OH)                 (isopropyl ether)(43) 1-[1,1-(Dithien-2-yl)-                 m.p. 139°- 140° C.1-hydroxy-methylindolizidine                 (mixture of two diastereo-                 isomers) (isopropyl ether)______________________________________ 
    
     EXAMPLES 44-49 
     1-[1,1-(Dithien-2-yl)-1-hydroxymethyl] (a)-trans-quinolizidine methyl bromide: 
     A solution of 0.05 g. of 1-[1,1-(dithien-2-yl)-1-hydroxymethyl] (a)-trans-quinolizidine in 2 ml. of acetone was added to 1.0 ml. of methyl bromide and stirred at room temperature for 60 hrs. The crystals separated out was filtered and recrystallized from acetone-methanol to give 0.03 g. of colorless prism crystals with a melting point of 167°-170° C. (decomposed). 
     
         ______________________________________Elemental Analysis: C.sub.19 H.sub.26 Br NOS.sub.2       C       H         N______________________________________Calcd.        53.26     6.12      3.27Found         52.96     6.15      3.21______________________________________ 
    
     Compounds (45)-(49) below were prepared according to the same method as described in the above example. 
     
         ______________________________________Compound              Physical Data______________________________________(45)  2-[1,1-(Dithien-2-yl)-1-hydroxy-                     m.p. 253°- 255° C. methyl](e)-trans-quinolizidine                     (acetone-methanol) methyl bromide(46)  3-[1,1-(Dithien-2-yl)-1-hydroxy-                     m.p. 272°- 273° C.                     (decompd.) methyl](a)-trans-quinolizidine                     (decompd.) methyl bromide      (ethanol)(47)  3-[ m.p. 286°- 288° C. methyl](3)-trans-quinolizidine                     (decomposed) methyl bromide      (acetone-methanol)(48)  1-(1,1-Diphenyl-1-hydroxymethyl)-                     m.p. &gt; 300° C. (a)-trans-quinolizidine methyl                     (methanol-ether) bromide(49)  2-(1,1-Diphenyl-1-hydroxymethyl)-                     m.p. &gt; 300° C. indolizidine methyl chloride                     (methanol-acetone)______________________________________ 
    
     While the invention has been described in detail and with reference to specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope thereof.