Abstract:
An improved multi-camera surveillance system for use on a vehicle such as an aircraft, and a method for implementing the same. The multi-camera surveillance system is capable of displaying a user-selected image from any camera or user-selected images from multiple cameras at multiple viewing stations by flight and cabin crew, as well as recording and maintaining the images at storage locations on the aircraft and making the images available for viewing and recording at locations external to the aircraft by gate personnel, security officers, and incident investigators.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED PATENT APPLICATIONS  
       [0001]     This application claims benefit under 35 U.S.C. § 119(e) from U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/545,079, filed Feb. 17, 2004, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/545,062, filed Feb. 17, 2004, the entire content of each being incorporated herein by reference. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
       [0002]     1. Field of the Invention  
         [0003]     The present invention relates to a multi-camera surveillance system for use on a vehicle such as an aircraft, and a method for implementing the same. More particularly, the present invention relates to a multi-camera surveillance system for an aircraft that is capable of displaying a user-selected image from any camera or user-selected images from multiple cameras at multiple viewing stations, as well as recording and maintaining the images at storage locations on the aircraft and making the images available for viewing and recording at locations external to the aircraft.  
         [0004]     2. Description of the Related Art  
         [0005]     Video security cameras have been used for years to monitor activity in secured areas such as banks, convenience stores and so on. Due to their reduced size and cost, security cameras are becoming more and more widespread and can be commonly found in elevators and building corridors, as well as in schools, residences and any area where personal security can be a concern.  
         [0006]     Due to a heightened concern for safety aboard commercial passenger aircraft, security cameras are desired to monitor passenger activity in various places of an aircraft cabin, particularly in the vicinity outside the cockpit door. Additionally, the National Transportation and Safety Board recently proposed a regulation that would require the installation of a video camera in the cockpit of each commercial aircraft for recording pilot activities for use in analyzing aircraft accidents.  
         [0007]     For use in commercial aircraft applications, each security camera can be mounted at one of several typical installation locations in the aircraft cabin, with each installation location having particular structural surroundings and desired orientation. Depending on the size and configuration of the cabin, the aircraft can be equipped with one or more cameras at these various installation locations.  
         [0008]     Traditional security systems provide the simultaneous monitoring and recording of multiple cameras. The monitoring is typically performed by security personnel located in a security office, and the images captured by the cameras are recorded on video tape. Multiple tape players are provided to automatically detect the end of one recording and start the beginning of another.  
         [0009]     However, due to space constraints, a typical commercial aircraft cannot provide the necessary space for a security office or additional dedicated security personnel and multiple recorders as would be available in, for example, a building. Rather, the security system would need to be operated by the crew members, and the images captured by the security cameras would need to be monitored by, for example, the cabin crew and flight crew, and possibly the ground or terminal crew if the images were to be transmitted from the airplane to the terminal. The aircraft personnel, in particular, would need to view the images as part of their normal routine.  
         [0010]     Accordingly, a need exists for a security system for use on a vehicle, in particular, a commercial aircraft, that is easy to use and maintain, and which is configured so that crew members, for example, flight attendants, can easily view and monitor the images captured by the cameras of the security system as part of their normal routine while performing their other tasks during the flight.  
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
       [0011]     The embodiments of the present invention described herein provide an improved multi-camera surveillance system for use on a vehicle such as an aircraft, and a method for implementing the same. The multi-camera surveillance system is capable of displaying a user-selected image from any camera or user-selected images from multiple cameras at multiple viewing stations by flight and cabin crew, as well as recording and maintaining the images at storage locations on the aircraft and making the images available for viewing and recording at locations external to the aircraft by gate personnel, security officers, and incident investigators.  
         [0012]     The multi-camera surveillance system can comprises a plurality of cameras, each adapted for deployment at respective locations in the vehicle, a plurality of viewing panel, adapted for deployment at a respective location in the vehicle, and a network. The network couples the plurality of cameras and the viewing panels to each other, to enable each viewing panel to selectably view an image captured by any of the cameras or to selectably view a plurality of images captured by a plurality of the cameras simultaneously. The network can include a Power-Over Ethernet (PoE) power supply to supply power to the cameras.  
         [0013]     The cameras can encode the images into at least one of MPEG1, MPEG2, MPEG4 or Motion JPEG formats. A plurality of digital server units (DSU) can be coupled to the network, such that each DSU can store at least one image captured by at least one of the cameras. The cameras can provide their images to the DSUs using real time protocols (RTP). Furthermore, a plurality of offload interfaces can be provided, such as RJ45 Ethernet ports and USB ports, to provide images from the cameras to a destination apart from the network, such as a destination remote from the vehicle. 
     
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0014]     The above objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent by describing in detail a preferred embodiment thereof with reference to the attached drawings in which:  
         [0015]      FIG. 1  is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example of camera units and viewing panels of a multi-camera surveillance system according to an embodiment of the present invention deployed in an aircraft;  
         [0016]      FIG. 2  is a diagram of an example of a viewing panel as shown in  FIG. 1 ; and  
         [0017]      FIG. 3  is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of the interconnection between the camera units, viewing panels and network according to an embodiment of the present invention. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
       [0018]      FIG. 1  illustrates an example of a multi-camera surveillance system  100  employing a plurality of network camera units (NCU)  102  according to an embodiment of the present invention that are deployed at strategic locations in the cabin of a commercial aircraft A. For example, one NCU  102  can be deployed near the front of the cabin, another near the center of the cabin, and a third at the rear of the cabin. In larger aircraft such as Boeing  747  class aircraft having separate first-class and business-class sections and an upper level section, additional NCUs  102  can be deployed in these sections.  
         [0019]     Each NCU  102  should be small and light, and should include a quality lens that provides sufficient resolution, even in dim lighting. Each NCU  102  should support a variety of resolutions, operating modes, sample rates, and compression technologies. An NCU  102  can operate on DC power, and can be powered by Power-Over Ethernet (PoE) technology. An example of a suitable NCU  102  is described in detail in U.S. Pat. No. 6,824,317, issued Nov. 30, 2004, and entitled “Universal Security Camera”, the entire content being incorporated herein by reference.  
         [0020]     As further shown in  FIGS. 1-3 , the system  100  includes a plurality of viewing panels  104  that can be positioned at viewing stations that are conveniently located in the cabin of the aircraft for viewing by aircraft personnel such as flight crew and cabin crew. For example, a viewing panel  104  can be located in the cockpit for viewing by flight crew, and a viewing panel  104  can be located at each flight attendant station for viewing by flight attendants when performing their normal duties. Consideration should also be given to the ability to use viewing panels already available on the aircraft, as well as the use of a portable panel, such as a laptop computer, for viewing and image offload. Accordingly, as shown in  FIG. 2 , each viewing panel  104  can therefore display a real-time or frame image of an area within the cabin of the aircraft as captured by an NCU  102  that is providing image data to the viewing panel  104  as will now be discussed.  
         [0021]     As shown in the schematic of  FIG. 3 , the NCUs  102  and viewing panels  104  are coupled to a network  106  comprising one or more digital server units (DSU)  108  employed in the aircraft. As can be appreciated by one skilled in the art, a DSU  108  is a high capacity Ethernet server, such as an iSeries DSU-D2 which, with minor modification to provide PoE capability permit this type of DSU to attach to a 3 cameras and a viewing panel with no additional infrastructure required. The DSU  108  can also use an Ethernet connected and become a server node on another aircraft data network, such as a complete iSeries system. A DSU  108  can thus operate to store images captured by the NCUs  102 .  
         [0022]     Each NCU  102  connects to the DSU  108  over a 100BaseT communications interface. Each NCU  102  will operate as a Real Time Protocol (RTP) server capable of providing multiple image streams to network connected devices, such as the DSU  108  and viewing panels  104  either directly via the network  106  or via the DSU  108 . The DSU  106  or viewing panel  104  wanting to receive the image establishes an RTP session using the associated RSTP protocol. An NCU  102  only transmits image data to devices such as a viewing panel  104  or DSU  108  that have set up an RTP session. Devices no longer desiring image data or longer connected will be terminated. Each NCU  102  should support a minimum of 4 simultaneous RTP sessions, but can be configured to support more RTP sessions if desirable.  
         [0023]     It is noted that due to the variety of applications appropriate for this system  100 , it is desirable for each NCU  102  to have a variety of operating modes and features. For example, an NCU  102  should have variable resolutions from 320×240 to as high as 1000×1000. An NCU  102  should have variable frame capture rates from as high as 15 frames per second to as slow as 1 frame per second, and on-change capture that provides images only when the change in the image meets a configured criteria. The NCUs  102  should also be capable of video encoding in MPEG1, MPEG2, MPEG4 or Motion JPEG formats. Selection of the operating mode should be accomplished through the initialization and setup of the system  100 . Also, although an NCU  102  can be configured to support one set of options, it is highly desirable for an NCU  102  to simultaneously support a fixed frame rate for display on a viewing panel  104  and an on-change capture for storage by a DSU  108 .  
         [0024]     The network  106  can also provide an optional off-aircraft connection for external users or recorders. The network  106  can provide two types of offload interfaces, namely, an RJ45 Ethernet port and a USB 2.0 port, but can also be configured to provide additional types of offload interfaces. The RJ45 Ethernet port is provided to permit portable viewing panels such as laptops and intelligent storage to be attached to the system  100 . These types of ports could also be used as a connection to an off-aircraft gate communications system. The USB port permits the attachment of a USB memory device to the system  100 . At a minimum, a viewing panel can incorporate at least one USB port for this purpose.  
         [0025]     Accordingly, as can be appreciated from the above, the control features of the network  106  enables a user, such as a crew member, to select an image to view from any NCU  102  at multiple viewing panels  104 . The network  106  enables each viewing panel  104  to present images from multiple NCUs  102  if desired. The DSUs  108  or offload devices discussed above can record images from all of the NCUs  102 , and allow for removal of images in a quick and easy manner. For instance, as discussed above, each external gate interface permits viewing and recording of on-aircraft images captured by the NCUs  102  to be performed by off-aircraft systems. Also, all of the images captured by the NCUs  102  should be of sufficient quality to allow for their detailed analysis and enhancement.  
         [0026]     While this invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to preferred embodiments thereof, the preferred embodiments described above are merely illustrative and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.