Abstract:
The invention provides a throttle valve control apparatus provided with a throttle sensor which is in trouble at a low possibility and has a long service life, whereby an accurate output of a throttle opening degree can be obtained. The throttle valve control apparatus of an internal combustion engine has a throttle opening degree sensor constituted by an non-contact sensor using hole elements.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0001]    1. Field of the Invention  
           [0002]    The present invention relates to a throttle valve control apparatus for controlling a flow amount of intake air of an internal combustion engine and a motor vehicle.  
           [0003]    2. Description of the Prior Art  
           [0004]    An electrical control type throttle apparatus opening and closing a throttle valve of an internal combustion engine by a motor-driven actuator (for example, a direct current motor, a stepping motor, a torque motor and a brushless motor) is put into practice.  
           [0005]    The electrical control type throttle apparatus is structured such as to control an optimum throttle valve angle (throttle valve opening degree) corresponding to an engine state on the basis of an opening degree signal of an accelerator pedal and a traction control signal. For this purpose, a sensor for detecting an angle of the throttle valve, so-called a throttle sensor (which may be sometimes called as an opening degree meter or a throttle position sensor) is attached to a throttle body.  
           [0006]    A potentiometer system is generally employed in the throttle sensor, and a brush (a sliding element) rotating together with a throttle valve shaft slides on a resisting body, thereby outputting a potential difference signal (a sensor detecting signal) corresponding to a throttle valve opening degree (for example, refer to Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 9-32588).  
           [0007]    This kind of conventionally used throttle sensor is structured such that the brush is in contact with a variable resistance and a conductor formed on a resistance base plate so as to slide thereon. Accordingly, a service life of the sensor is short and the sensor is frequently in trouble. A double route of sensor is employed so as to detect a trouble of sensor and mutually back up, however, this can not basically solve the problem.  
           [0008]    Further, since the trouble mentioned above is generated in the conventional motor vehicle at a high possibility, and a control parameter is controlled by an output of the sensor having a short service life, an accuracy for operating and controlling the internal combustion engine is low.  
           [0009]    There has been known Japanese Patent No. 2845884 as a structure for detecting the opening degree of the throttle valve in a non-contact manner.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0010]    An object of the present invention is to provide a throttle valve control apparatus provided with a throttle sensor which is in trouble at a low possibility and has a long service life.  
           [0011]    In particular, there is suggested some structures for compactly attaching a non-contact type sensor to a throttle control apparatus so as to constitute a part of the apparatus.  
           [0012]    Further, there is suggested structures for removing a magnetic noise and a bad influence against a magnetic characteristic.  
           [0013]    Further, another object is to improve a throttle sensor corresponding to one of elements for controlling control parameters of an internal combustion engine so as to improve an operation control accuracy of the internal combustion engine.  
           [0014]    In order to achieve the objects mentioned above, the present invention proposes the following throttle valve control apparatuses and motor vehicles.  
           [0015]    In accordance with a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a throttle valve control apparatus of an internal combustion engine comprising:  
           [0016]    a throttle valve axis rotated by a motor-driven actuator;  
           [0017]    an alternate magnet mounted to the throttle valve axis;  
           [0018]    a cover to which an element for detecting a change of magnetic flux of the alternate magnet is mounted;  
           [0019]    the cover being mounted to a throttle body to which the motor-driven actuator is mounted; and  
           [0020]    an output of the element constituting a function of an opening degree of the throttle valve.  
           [0021]    In accordance with a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a throttle valve control apparatus of an internal combustion engine comprising:  
           [0022]    a throttle body provided with a throttle valve controlling an amount of intake air;  
           [0023]    a throttle sensor detecting a rotational angle of an axis to which the throttle valve is mounted; and  
           [0024]    a motor-driven actuator in which a command value is adjusted in accordance with an electric signal output from the throttle sensor,  
           [0025]    wherein the throttle sensor comprises:  
           [0026]    an element mounted to one end of the throttle valve axis; and  
           [0027]    another element attached to a cover member fixed to the throttle body so as to cover the axial end portion, and  
           [0028]    wherein a magnetic physical amount between the pair of elements is varied in accordance with a change of the rotational angle of the throttle axis, and the element mounted to the cover member outputs an electric signal relating to the rotational angle of the axis in response to the change of the magnetic physical amount.  
           [0029]    In accordance with a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a motor vehicle comprising:  
           [0030]    an element outputting an electric signal relating to an opening degree of a throttle valve on the basis of a magnetic signal of a magnet mounted to an axial end of the throttle valve,  
           [0031]    wherein a control parameter of an engine is adjusted in accordance with a change of the electric signal output from the element.  
           [0032]    In accordance with a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a throttle control apparatus of an internal combustion engine structured such as to transmit a rotation of a motor to a throttle valve axis via a gear fixed to the throttle valve axis,  
           [0033]    wherein a rotational angle of the throttle valve axis is detected by a magnetic type throttle sensor comprising a magnet and a hole element, and the gear is formed by a resin material.  
           [0034]    In accordance with a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a throttle valve control apparatus of an internal combustion engine structured such that a rotary axis of a motor and a throttle valve axis are arranged in parallel and a rotation of the rotary axis of the motor is transmitted to the throttle valve axis via a reduction gear,  
           [0035]    wherein a magnetic type throttle sensor comprising a magnet and a hole element is mounted so as to be capable of detecting a rotational angle of the throttle valve axis, and  
           [0036]    wherein a rotary axis of a gear positioned in a middle of a torque transmission path between the rotary axis of the motor and the throttle valve axis is formed by a magnetic material.  
           [0037]    In accordance with a sixth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a throttle valve control apparatus of an internal combustion engine structured such as to detect a rotational angle of a throttle valve driven by a motor,  
           [0038]    wherein a magnet is mounted to the throttle valve axis;  
           [0039]    wherein hole elements are arranged at positions facing to each other with respect to the magnet and a stator corresponding to a magnetic path is attached between the hole elements, and  
           [0040]    wherein the motor is mounted to a position a uniform distance apart from the both hole elements.  
           [0041]    In accordance with a seventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided a throttle valve control apparatus of an internal combustion engine structured such that a sensor for detecting a rotational angle of a throttle valve driven by a motor is provided and a rotary axis of the motor and the throttle valve axis are arranged in parallel,  
           [0042]    wherein a magnet is mounted to the throttle valve axis,  
           [0043]    wherein hole elements are arranged at positions facing to each other with respect to the magnet and a stator corresponding to a magnetic path is attached between the hole elements, and  
           [0044]    wherein the both hole elements are arranged out of a circular arc having a radius corresponding to a distance between the rotary axis of the motor and a center of the throttle valve axis.  
           [0045]    In accordance with an eighth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a throttle valve control apparatus of an internal combustion engine comprising:  
           [0046]    a magnet mounted to a throttle valve axis to which a throttle valve is mounted; and  
           [0047]    a cover fixed to a throttle body so as to cover the magnet portion,  
           [0048]    wherein a hole element sensitive to a change of a magnetic physical amount of the magnet and a signal processing circuit converting an output of the hole element into a predetermined electric signal are mounted to the cover.  
           [0049]    In accordance with a ninth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a throttle valve control apparatus of an internal combustion engine structured such that a rotary axis of a motor and a throttle valve axis are arranged in parallel and a rotation of the rotary axis of the motor is transmitted to the throttle valve axis via a reduction gear,  
           [0050]    wherein a cover is mounted to a throttle body so as to cover the reduction gear, and  
           [0051]    wherein a magnetic type throttle sensor comprising a magnet and a hole element is mounted between an end surface of a gear fixed to the throttle valve axis and the cover so as to be capable of detecting a rotational angle of the throttle valve axis.  
           [0052]    In accordance with a tenth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a throttle valve control apparatus of an internal combustion engine comprising:  
           [0053]    a magnet mounted to an end portion of a throttle valve axis rotated by a motor;  
           [0054]    an element detecting a rotational angle of the throttle valve axis in cooperation with the magnet; and  
           [0055]    a spring holding the magnet at a predetermined opening position of opening degree when energizing of the motor is shut out, the spring being attached to a periphery of the throttle valve axis.  
           [0056]    In accordance with an eleventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided a throttle valve control apparatus comprising:  
           [0057]    a magnet mounted to a throttle valve axis rotated by a motor;  
           [0058]    an element detecting a rotational angle of the throttle valve axis in cooperation with the magnet; and  
           [0059]    the element being constituted by two components arranged under a magnetic influence of the magnet so as to be backed up by each other. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0060]    [0060]FIG. 1 is a cross sectional view of a throttle valve control apparatus in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0061]    [0061]FIG. 2 is another cross sectional view of a throttle valve control apparatus in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0062]    [0062]FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view of a throttle valve control apparatus in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0063]    [0063]FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view of a throttle valve control apparatus in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention as seen from another angle;  
         [0064]    [0064]FIG. 5 is a view for explaining a feature of a structure of the embodiment;  
         [0065]    [0065]FIG. 6 is a view showing a throttle valve axis assembly; and  
         [0066]    [0066]FIGS. 7A and 7B are views for explaining a positional relation between a motion of a magnet and a hole element.  
     
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
       [0067]    A description will be given below of an embodiment in accordance with the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.  
         [0068]    As shown in FIG. 1, an electronic control type throttle valve apparatus (a throttle valve apparatus) is mainly constituted by a throttle body (hereinafter, which may be simply called as a body)  1 , a throttle valve  4 , a motor (a throttle valve drive apparatus; a motor-driven actuator)  22  for driving the throttle valve  4 , a reduction gear mechanism  100 , a sensor (a throttle sensor)  80  measuring an opening angle (an opening degree) of the throttle valve  4 , that is, a rotational angle of the throttle valve axis  3 , and a cover  16  protecting the throttle valve axis  3 , the motor  22  and the reduction gear mechanism  100 .  
         [0069]    The body  1  is constituted by integrally forming a receiving portion (an intake bore)  2  of the throttle valve  4  and a receiving portion (a motor housing)  1   c  of the motor  22 .  
         [0070]    The throttle valve  4  is mounted to the throttle valve axis  3  by means of a screw  5 , and the axis  3  is supported by bearings  6  and  26  provided in the body  1 .  
         [0071]    In accordance with the present embodiment, the bearing  6  is formed as a ball bearing, and the bearing  26  is formed as a cap-shaped plane bearing. The reason and details thereof will be described later. The ball bearing  6  is attached to a bearing boss la via a seal ring  8 . Further, an inner ring  6   a  of the ball bearing  6  is pressure inserted to an outer periphery of the throttle valve axis  3 , and an outer ring  6   b  is transition fitted to an inner periphery of the bearing boss  1   a.    
         [0072]    In the throttle valve axis  3 , only one end protrudes out of a side wall of the body  1 . Then, a spring  10 , a lever  9 , a spring  11  and a final stage gear (a driven gear)  12  of the reduction gear mechanism  100  are attached to one end of the throttle valve axis protruding out of the side wall.  
         [0073]    Throttle valve relating parts (hereinafter, called as a throttle valve mechanism) such as the throttle valve axis  3 , the reduction gear mechanism  100 , the motor  22  and the like are received in a receiving portion (a case)  1   d  formed on a side wall of the body  1 , and the receiving portion  1   d  is covered by a synthetic resin cover  16 . The plane bearing  26  is attached in accordance with a pressure insertion.  
         [0074]    That is, the throttle valve mechanism is arranged so as to be protected by one cover  16 , an opening (an opening for mounting the motor)  1   c ′ of a motor housing  1   c  is positioned so as to face within the receiving portion  1   d , the motor  22  is received in the housing through the opening, and an end bracket  22   a  of the motor is fixed in the periphery of the opening  1   c ′ by a screw  37  (refer to FIGS. 3 and 4).  
         [0075]    A motor terminal  23  provided in the end bracket  22   a  is positioned near one line of the side wall in the receiving portion  1   d , is arranged so as to be directed to the cover  16  side, and is connected to a relay terminal  24   a  provided in the cover  16  side via a relay connector  33 . The relay connector  33  can employ various kinds of aspect. In the present embodiment, a sleeve made of a conductive material is used as the relay connector  33 , slits  34  and  35  having shifted directions at 90 degrees are provided in both ends thereof, and the relay terminal  24   a  and the motor terminal  23  are inserted to the slit. The terminals  24   a  and  23  also have shifted directions at 90 degrees in correspondence to the directions of the slits  34  and  35 .  
         [0076]    The motor  22  is driven in response to an acceleration signal relating to a pedaling amount of an acceleration pedal, a traction signal, a uniform speed traveling signal, and an idle speed control signal, and a power of the motor  22  is transmitted to the throttle valve axis  3  via the reduction gear mechanism  100  (the motor pinion  21 , middle gears  20  and the final stage gear  12 ). The pinion  21  is mounted to a motor shaft  27 , and the middle gears  20  are freely fitted to a conductive shaft  19  adhered to the throttle body  1 . A gear  20   a  having a larger diameter among the middle gears  20  is engaged with the pinion  21  and a gear  20   b  having a smaller diameter is engaged with the gear  12 .  
         [0077]    The final stage gear  12  is a fan-shaped gear as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4.  
         [0078]    A description will be given of a relation between the gear  12  and the lever  9 . The gear  12  has a hole  12   h  for passing one end of the throttle valve axis  3  therethrough as shown in FIG. 3, the hole  12   h  is formed in a shape capable of engaging with one end  3   a  (having at least two flat surfaces) of the throttle valve axis and is integrally rotated with the throttle valve axis.  
         [0079]    The lever  9  is freely fitted to an outer periphery (a circumferential surface) of the throttle valve axis  3 , however, is engaged so as to be together attracted to the gear via the spring  11 . For example, a projection denotes by reference symbol  12   f  in FIG. 4 is engaged with a projection (not shown) of the lever  9 . The projection  12   f  is formed inside the gear  12 .  
         [0080]    The spring  10  corresponds to a return spring for the throttle valve, one end thereof is engaged with a spring engaging portion (not shown) provided in the body  1 , and another end thereof is engaged with the lever  9 .  
         [0081]    The spring  10  applies a return force to the throttle valve axis via the lever  9  and the gear  12 , and further, constitutes a so-called default opening degree setting mechanism which has been already known, in cooperation with the spring  11  and the lever  9 .  
         [0082]    The default opening degree setting mechanism is structured such as to keep an initial opening degree of the throttle valve  4  at a time of turning off an engine key (in other words, at a time when the motor-driven actuator  22  is not energized) to a predetermined opening degree larger than a full close position.  
         [0083]    Between the default opening degree position to a full open control position, the throttle valve opening degree is determined in correspondence with a balance between a torque of the motor  22  and a valve closing force of the spring (the return spring)  10 .  
         [0084]    In the case of controlling so as to make the throttle valve opening degree smaller than the default opening degree, a motion of the lever  9  is restricted by a default opening degree stopper (not shown) and the control operation is performed by rotating only the gear  12  and the throttle valve axis  3  in a full closing direction against the force of the spring  11 .  
         [0085]    A movable side stopper  12   d  provided in one line of the fan-shaped gear  12  is brought into contact with a full close stopper (not shown) for restricting a mechanical full close position of the throttle valve, whereby a full close position is determined.  
         [0086]    With respect to a material of the gear  12  in accordance with the present embodiment, a center portion thereof is formed by a metal plate  12   a , and a portion  12   b  forming teeth and the other portions are integrally formed by a synthetic resin (a reinforced plastic).  
         [0087]    In this case, the metal plate  12   a  is insert molded to the resin portion of the gear  12 .  
         [0088]    A side end of the gear  12  of the magnet  82  faces to the resin portion of the gear.  
         [0089]    Accordingly, it is possible to prevent a magnetic flux of the magnet  82  from being leaked to the gear  12 .  
         [0090]    The metal plate  12   a  in a center portion of the gear  12  is pressed to the throttle body la side by a magnet holder  81 , however, since the magnet holder  81  itself is made of a resin, the magnetic field is not leaked even if the magnet holder  81  is in contact with the metal plate  12   a.    
         [0091]    The movable side stopper  12   d  formed in one of cut end surfaces of the gear  12  is integrally connected to the metal plate  12   a.    
         [0092]    The movable side stopper  12   d  is made of a metal for the purpose of achieving an abrasion resistance and an impact resistance. That is, mechanical full close position of the throttle valve becomes a reference point on control, and the stopper element  12   d  is brought into contact with the full close stopper  25  in a fixed side at least one time at every operation starting times or operation finishing times. Accordingly, the movable side stopper  12   d  is made of a metal so as to resist against a comparatively high collision frequency.  
         [0093]    Reference symbol  12   i  denotes a guide for engaging the gear  12  with the lever  9 .  
         [0094]    The resin magnet holder  81  is pressure inserted and fixed to the front end of the throttle valve axis  3 , and the magnet  82  is integrally attached to the magnet holder  81  in accordance with a molding process.  
         [0095]    An end portion of the magnet holder  81  presses the end surface of the gear  12  to a stepped portion  3   d  side of the throttle shaft  3 , and commonly serves to prevent the gear  12  from being taken out.  
         [0096]    A circuit board  84  of the throttle sensor  80  is fixed to a position opposing to the end portion of the throttle axis  3  on the inner surface of the cover  16  by a welding pin  86 .  
         [0097]    A pair of semicircular stators  83  are fixed to the circuit board  84  so as to surround a periphery of the magnet  82  in such a manner as to face to each other with keeping a predetermined interval  87 . Reference numeral  85  denotes a guide of the stator  83  integrally provided in the circuit board  84 .  
         [0098]    Hole elements  86  are mounted to a gap  87  portion between a pair of semicircular stators  83 .  
         [0099]    Three terminals of the hole elements  86  are mechanically held to the circuit board  84  and are connected to a signal processing circuit such as an amplifier or an analogue/digital converter (not shown) arranged in the circuit board  84 .  
         [0100]    The signal processing circuit arranged in the circuit board  84  is connected to a conductor  24  integrally molded with the cover  16 , and can transmit a signal to an external apparatus via an electric terminal  40  (connected to the conductor  24 ) of the connector  16   b  integrally formed with the cover.  
         [0101]    The hole element  86  detects a change of the magnetic field and generates a hole voltage when the throttle valve axis  3  rotates and the magnet  82  rotates.  
         [0102]    The voltage is transmitted to the external circuit via the conductor  24  and the terminal  40  after being amplified by the amplifier or signal converted (including an amplification) by the analogue/digital converter.  
         [0103]    An engine control unit (not shown) of a motor vehicle is provided with a coupler connected to the connector  16   b  and a signal line, and the signal from the terminal  40  is input to the control unit.  
         [0104]    The control unit corrects a fuel and an opening degree of a throttle valve corresponding to the control parameters and controls a speed change point of an automatic transmission, on the basis of a throttle opening degree and a vehicle speed detected in correspondence to a change of magnetic field corresponding to a magnetic physical amount of the magnet  82 .  
         [0105]    Further, the spring  11  urges the gear  12  in a throttle valve opening direction so as to forcibly open the magnet  82  of the sensor to a predetermined opening degree position, when the energizing of the motor  12  is shut out.  
         [0106]    Accordingly, in the motor vehicle provided with the throttle control apparatus in accordance with the present embodiment, the control parameters of the engine are adjusted in correspondence to the change of the electric signal which the hole element  86  outputs in connection with the opening degree of the throttle valve in response to the magnetic signal of the magnet mounted to the axial end of the throttle valve.  
         [0107]    Since the sensor is a non-contact type, the opening signal of the throttle valve  4  corresponding to the change of the electric signal which the hole element  86  outputs is not exposed to a secular change so much, so the it is possible to accurately adjust the control parameters of the internal combustion engine for a long period.  
         [0108]    A description will be given of a principle of the sensor with reference to FIG. 7.  
         [0109]    The magnet  82  corresponding to a rotor of the throttle sensor  80  is fixed to the magnet holder  81  in a state of facing a pair of arc-shaped magnets mutually having different polarities to each other.  
         [0110]    When the magnet holder  81  is fixed to the throttle valve  3  and the throttle valve axis  3  is rotated, bonding surfaces of both of the magnets are relatively rotated with respect to the hole element. FIG. 7 shows a change of a magnetic line of force in this state.  
         [0111]    A pair of hole elements  86  placed in the bonding surface portion of the magnetic pole output a signal forming a function of a rotational angle in response to the change of the magnetic line of force generated in correspondence to the change of the rotational angle of the throttle valve axis  3 .  
         [0112]    Since the gear  12  is made of a synthetic resin, the magnetic field generated by the magnet  82  is not badly influenced by the gear  12 .  
         [0113]    In the embodiment, the center portion fitted to the throttle valve axis  3  is made of a metal, however, a magnetic bad influence is further reduced by forming all the elements by a synthetic resin.  
         [0114]    Since the magnetic field is not shifted even when the shape of the gear  12  is an irregular shape such as a fan shape, a sensitive characteristic of the hole element  86  can be uniformly obtained without relation to an angle of rotation of the throttle axis.  
         [0115]    As shown in FIG. 5, the hole element  86  is mounted in an outer portion of an area of a circular arc S drawn around a center of rotation of the motor by setting a size between a center of the rotary axis of the motor and a center of rotation of the throttle to a radius.  
         [0116]    As a result, the hole element  86  is hard to be affected by an electromagnetic influence caused by a change of a drive current of the motor, and a detecting accuracy of the hole element  86  is hard to be deteriorated.  
         [0117]    Since the structure is made such that the stator  83  is mounted to the circuit board  84  so as to be fixed to the inner surface of the cover  16 , an assembling operation of the stator  83  can be easily performed.  
         [0118]    In this case, it is possible to directly fix the stator to the cover  16 .  
         [0119]    In this case, the stator is fixed with shifting the control circuit from the stator, however, there is an advantage that a size in an axial direction can be shortened.  
         [0120]    Since the rotational support axis  19  of the middle gear  20  positioned between the motor  22  and the magnetic type non-contact sensor  80  is made of a magnetic material, it is possible to expect an effect of shielding an electromagnetic influence caused by the change of the drive current of the motor  22  by the rotational support axis  19 , so that the hole element  86  is hard to be affected by the electromagnetic influence of the motor  22 , and a detecting accuracy of the hole element  86  is hard to be deteriorated.  
         [0121]    As shown in FIG. 6, since it is possible to assemble the throttle valve axis  3 , the springs  10  and  11 , the lever  9 , the final stage gear  12 , the magnet holder  81  and the magnet  82  to the throttle body  1  as a sub-assembly, an assembling operation can be easily performed.  
         [0122]    In accordance with the present invention, it is possible to assemble the non-contact type sensor in the throttle body in a compact manner.  
         [0123]    In accordance with another invention, it is possible to arrange the non-contact type throttle sensor between the cover of the throttle body and the gear in a compact manner.  
         [0124]    Further, in accordance with the other invention, it is possible to assemble the non-contact type throttle sensor of the electromagnetic system in the throttle body by the structure which is hard to be affected by the electromagnetic noise.  
         [0125]    Since it is possible to adjust the control parameters of the engine on the basis of the throttle opening degree signal which has a little secular change, a motor vehicle having a high control accuracy can be obtained.