Abstract:
A cable duct formed by cable troughs, an elevator cable duct and corresponding covers. The elevator cable duct has props and supports arranged thereon which extend in the longitudinal direction of the cable duct as well as plastic troughs which can be aligned next to each other, thereby forming a cable duct. The troughs have recesses on the outside which can be reversed-drawn above the support, where the troughs can be locked in positive fit or by frictional engagement. The recesses are deep enough to enable the support to lie inside the sleeve of the troughs when the troughs are mounted. The support is insulated from the outside by aprons. A longitudinally displaceable cover, which can be fixed to the trough, is located on top of the trough.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The invention relates to a cable duct made up of plastic troughs, which can be lined up in a row next to one another, and to an elevated cable duct, and to covers therefor. 
     2. Discussion of the Prior Art 
     Plastic cable ducts with approximately U-shaped troughs which are provided with a cover are known from WO 94/21018. These troughs, which can be endlessly lined up in a row next to one another and are provided with connectors, are injection molded, predominantly from recycled plastic, such as polyester, polyurethane or polyethylene, in lengths measuring approximately 1 m. These troughs are equipped with special ribs and protrusions which allow such ducts to be buried in the ground, in particular along railroad routes. It is possible to walk on the cover. 
     A brochure published by Krupp, DE, and entitled “Der Kunststoffkabelkanal DRAE-KA” discloses the practice of elevating such cable ducts in marshland. The brochure sets forth a wood pile with boards which extend thereon from pile to pile and serve as a supporting structure for the cable duct. Of course, exposure to weathering means that such a supporting structure has only a very short service life. 
     German references DE 39 36 003 C2 and DE 34 47 836 A1 disclose elevated cable ducts in the case of which trough-like sheet-metal cable-duct elements are screwed to metal supports and transverse securing means provided thereon. Both the supports and the transverse load-bearing members as well as the troughs, which are all screwed to one another, are connected at short spacings to the parallel rail track by corresponding grounding cables. This measure is necessary both because it is possible for the cables in the trough to become defective, and thus for the entire cable duct to become conductive, and because, in the case of a contact wire of an electric railroad rupturing, the formation of parasitic voltages is possible, and this has to be prevented. Nevertheless, in the meantime, the railroad companies no longer allow such sheet-metal ducts on electrified stretches of track. Operators who happen to be present could be put in danger by current surges and corresponding conduction of the ducts; moreover, problems may arise as far as signalling is concerned, in particular for the presence-of-trains indicating system. 
     Although cable ducts which are known from WO 94/21018 have been used successfully when buried in the ground, their application area is limited, e.g. in tunnels or where water build-up is to be expected and in cases of flush out and stretches where embankment slippage is to be expected. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The problem on which the invention is based is thus to provide improved plastic troughs which can be elevated, and covers which are suitable therefor. It is a further object to provide, for corresponding cable ducts, a means of elevation which takes into consideration of the previously mentioned boundary conditions for such ducts and can be installed both on ground supports and on wall supports. 
     The invention takes as its departure point, in principle, the cable ducts set forth in WO 94/21018 and, for this purpose, uses, inter aila, the example of the elevated-pile trough according to DE 34 47 836 A1. However, the cable ducts can only be produced in short lengths on extremely large injection-molding machines, with the result that there is no question of straightforward transfer of the solution which is known per se, because such a small support spacing would not be cost-effective in most cases; in addition, the support spacing would always have to match up exactly with the parting joint of the ducts, in order for it to be possible to secure adjacent troughs of the cable ducts. 
     For this reason, in a variant according to the invention, first of all the support is provided with a load-bearing member, which extends in the longitudinal direction of the cable duct and on which the troughs are then fitted without also having to be fastened separately on the load-bearing members. For this purpose, the troughs are provided, according to the invention, with recesses which are configured precisely such that they can accommodate the load-bearing members as soon as the trough is fitted over the load-bearing members. Ideally, the recesses are configured such that, after having been fitted on, the troughs retain with a friction fit or grip round the load-bearing members, or parts of the load-bearing members, in the manner of a clamp-action or snap-action closure. A slight capacity for longitudinal displacement on the load-bearing members is quite desirable here in order for it to be possible to line up the troughs in a row next to one another without any sizeable joints. The trough connectors which can be used for this purpose are set forth in WO 94/21018, but may be dispensed with in the case of the invention. Instead of such clamp-action or snap-action closures directly on the recesses, it is also possible for parts of the trough to be configured, preferably on the sides or beneath the base thereof, such that they grasp with a friction fit, or grip round, the load-bearing member. For an effective transition from trough to trough, and in order also to limit even slight torsion of the troughs with respect to one another, the trough ends may be provided with tongues, which may in each case be part of the inner wall of the following trough. Alternatively, or in addition, the troughs are connected to the load-bearing members by screws, e.g. self-tapping metal screws. After the troughs have been fitted and positioned, such screws can be drilled into the load-bearing members from above by way of the trough borders, it being possible for corresponding guides to be injection molded into the trough borders as an aid. 
     In order to escape the risk of disruption to presence-of-trains indicating systems or else to avoid an undesired short circuit due to a contact wire falling down, the recesses are configured, according to the invention, such that the load-bearing member is essentially concealed within the shape of the trough. In other words, the recesses are shaped on the outside such that, when the trough is installed, the load-bearing members are located within the contours of the trough, said contours being defined by the outsides of the trough, i.e. the trough has, at the same time, an apron which is connected integrally to the trough. 
     This means that no current-carrying part can reach the load-bearing members. This applies equally for the damaged cables which may be located within the trough. In some cases, it may be expedient first of all to produce, and install, plastic troughs which are of relatively straightforward configuration, and can thus be injection molded relatively inexpensively, and only to provide means for covering the load-bearing members subsequently as required, if no other grounding arrangement is possible. These means are, for example, aprons which are made of insulating materials and can be provided on the trough, the load-bearing member or a support by, for example, adhesive bonding or screw-connection such that the load-bearing members are concealed. The load-bearing members are usually formed from metal profiles, preferably from steel profiles. In a preferred embodiment, these are rectangular tubes or round tubes which, for reasons of corrosion prevention or for a better friction fit with the trough, may additionally be coated with plastic. However, it is also possible for T-profiles or L-profiles or U-profiles of corresponding design and arrangement to be used, in principle, even if these may involve disadvantages—as a result of production—in terms of dimensional stability, torsion and/or surface protection. 
     Such metal profiles can easily absorb loads of 100 kg per meter or more, as is conventionally required of cable ducts on railroads. 
     Ideally, each trough rests on two parallel load-bearing members which are arranged at a horizontal spacing apart in the bottom part of the trough when the trough is in its use position. 
     However, it is also possible, for relatively narrow trough cross sections, for all loads to be absorbed by a single profile in a corresponding recess of the trough base or of the trough-stiffening rib system, e.g. the stiffening ribs extending transversely with respect to the trough. Such a system of load-bearing members is recommended, in particular for divided troughs. 
     Not absolutely necessary according to the invention but, in the preferred embodiment, the most straightforward method of connection consists in the supports being connected to such load-bearing members at a spacing of 6, 8 or 10 m, this resulting in a horizontal endless support. For reasons of electric insulation and corrosion, and also for easy installation with plastic moldings, these load-bearing members are screwed to the supports. Said moldings are to be designed, on the load-bearing-member side, such that they at least partially grip round the support. Screw-connection of the load-bearing members to the moldings can take place from the underside, but it is more straightforward, from the point of view of installation, for a rectangular tube, for example, to be connected by screws, in the use position, from the side to corresponding flanges of the moldings. The supports themselves comprise, for example, steel load-bearing members or similar profiles which project vertically into the ground or project, as supports, first of all vertically and/or horizontally into an adjacent masonry structure, for example into a tunnel wall, and are fastened there. 
     These cable ducts are usually provided, as is known per se, with covers on which, in part on account of their rigidity and resistance to footfall impact, it is also possible to walk. The covers should be capable of being locked to the troughs. For this purpose, in another embodiment of the invention, the trough border is provided, on one or both sides of the trough, with through-passages and/or protuberances, which permit a form fit, for example interlocking, in particular with covers which have complementary devices and ribs or stiff borders on the cover underside. In addition, locks may be provided for authorized opening of the covers. A problem arises, in particular, in the case of troughs which are fixed on the load-bearing members. As a result of heating up, e.g. insolation, it is possible for the cover to extend to a more pronounced extent than the troughs and for the latter to extend to a more pronounced extent than the load-bearing members. It is possible to compensate for the longitudinal expansion of the covers in that overlapping expansion is provided in design terms from the outset. In addition, the covers may be configured, at the start, to be longer than the troughs, with the result that it is possible to take account, synergistically, both of a gap produced at the cover ends, by production or installation tolerances, and the heat expansion. On the other hand, the cover should retain its rigidity. For this reason, it is not just the case that a thin overlapping lip is selected; rather, the cover maintains its basic structure with the stiffening means on the underside, but it is more than halved in thickness and there is provided a stiffened border which grips over the neighboring cover. For this purpose, however, it is additionally necessary to have a capacity for longitudinal displacement on the form-fitting elements between cover and trough. In the case of hinge connections, this is achieved according to the invention in that the bolt/bolt-hole connection is configured in a longitudinally moveable manner, e.g. the bolt is configured to be longer than its securing means. Further hooks, for example for securing the cover against being lifted off, may engage in slots in the trough border. According to the invention, it is also possible to provide, on the trough borders, protuberances which are in operative connection with the ribs or borders of the cover, in that they are used at the same time as a fixed point for specific expansion of the cover or as a guide for satisfactory closure of the cover or lock. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     The invention is to be explained in more detail, with reference to exemplary embodiments, in a drawing, in which: 
     FIG. 1 a  shows a partial section through an approximately U-shaped plastic trough, in contact with the load-bearing members, and a load-bearing-member fastening; 
     FIG. 1 b  shows a supporting arrangement for a cable duct according to FIG. 1 a;    
     FIGS. 2 a, b  show two further embodiments of the invention, using load-bearing members respectively comprising a round tube and double-T profiles; 
     FIGS. 3 a, b  show other embodiments of the invention, respectively with L-shaped and H-shaped load-bearing members supporting the trough laterally; 
     FIG. 4 shows an alternative embodiment of the invention, with a flat-steel load-bearing member with brackets welded on it; 
     FIG. 5 shows a seventh embodiment, with a load-bearing member comprising a rectangular tube; 
     FIG. 6 shows an eighth embodiment, with a U-shaped load-bearing member; 
     FIGS. 7 a, b  show a further embodiment of the trough in a plan view and in section, in the installed, use position; 
     FIGS. 8 a-d  show a cover according to the invention in a plan view (a), a bottom view (b), in longitudinal section (c) and cross section (d) according to FIG. 8 a ; and 
     FIG. 9 shows parts of adjacent covers in an overlapping position. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     Identical or similar parts are provided, in part, with the same designations hereinbelow. FIG. 1 a  shows a cross section through a cable duct  1  according to the invention. A duct element with a polyethylene trough  11  for receiving cables is stiffened by ribs  150  and  160  between the inner wall  12  in each case and the outer walls  13  and  14 , and limited by the trough-border bearing means  15 ,  16  for the cover  17 . Depending on the length of the trough  11 , said transverse ribs may be arranged at regular spacings along the trough. The extremities  152 ,  162  of the ribs terminate in the base-stiffening means  125 . Along the walls  13 ,  14 , which terminate the trough  11  as a whole on the outside, the rib parts  151  and  161  respectively run in the vertical direction from the bottom edge  153 ,  163  of the ribs  150 ,  160  and terminate in protrusions  154  and  164 . Two rectangular steel tubes  18  rest—in a manner which is not illustrated—on a vertical support above the base. The tubes  18  are positioned such that their outer walls are spaced apart by the distance D. After preliminary installation of the tubes  18  on the support, the entire trough  11  can be fitted over the tubes  18 , with the result that the latter engage in the recesses respectively formed by edges  151 ,  152 ,  153  and  161 ,  162 ,  163  of the ribs  150  and  160 . With the exertion of a small amount of pressure, the tubes  18  latch in the recesses, after the protrusions  154  and  164  have been bent back elastically by the prestressing dimension DX, and retain the trough  11  in the use position, as is illustrated in FIG. 1 a . As is known per se from WO 94/21018, the cover  17  can be placed in position later, when the cables are located in the trough. The distance between the ribs  151 - 161  may be configured to be somewhat smaller than the dimension D, with the result that the trough  11  is retained on the tubes  18  in a clamping manner. In this case, it would be possible to dispense with the elastic protrusions  154 ,  164 . In order to improve the friction fit in relation to the trough, the tubes may be coated with a thin plastic layer. This also prevents corrosion of the tubes during storage or installation. 
     The tubes  18  are mounted on supports at spacings of, for example, 6 m, this resulting in an endless load-bearing pair of tubes  18  on which short troughs of, for example, 1 m in length can be secured. 
     According to FIG. 1 b , the load-bearing members are incorporated in the cross-sectional profile of the trough such that they do not protrude. This means that contact with overhead lines which fall down is not possible. FIG. 1 b  shows a possible fastening of the tubes  18  on a means of elevation  2  for a cable duct  1  according to FIG.  1   a . Between the ribs  160  (not illustrated), the tube  18  rests on supports  22  comprising a T-profile. A plastic molding  21  with a base  210  and a head flange  213  is fastened on the T-profile by means of screws  221  and insulates the tube  18  from the T-profile. The tube  18  is introduced between the flanges  211 ,  212  of the molding  21  and fixed there by, for example, sheet-metal screws  214  which engage through the flange  212  and the wall of the tube. It is then possible for the trough  11 , illustrated here as an outer wall  14 , to be fitted over the tube. The operation of installing this cable duct  1  is very much simplified by the specified procedure. 
     FIGS. 2 a, b  respectively show alternative cable ducts  3  and  4 , with trough  31 ,  41 , corresponding to FIG. 1 a . In FIG. 2 a , however, the rib  350 , between the inner wall  32  and the outer wall  33 , is configured in the bottom region, with the parts  331  and  332 , such that it can accommodate a round tube  38  with a coating  381  as a load-bearing member. In the resulting recess, the load-bearing member is retained behind the elastic noses  333 ,  334  in the manner of a snap-action closure. 
     FIG. 2 b  shows the cable duct  4  with trough  41  and outer wall  44 . The load-bearing member is designed as a double-T load-bearing member  48  and is retained by the vertical continuations  461 ,  462  of the rib  460 . The catch  464  grips round the bottom flange of the load-bearing-member profile and thus retains the trough in the use position. The troughs  31 ,  41  may be fitted over the load-bearing member as is described according to FIG. 1 a.    
     FIGS. 3 to  6  illustrate trough shapes which are slightly different, but are retained in accordance with the same principle of the invention. 
     FIG. 3 a , with cable duct  5 , shows an embodiment in the case of which a support  56  projects horizontally out of a tunnel wall  50 . A plastic molding  57  is positioned on the support  56 , which is designed as a T-profile with a horizontal top flange. The two parts are connected to one another by screws  572 . The flanges  571 ,  573  enclose a rectangular tube, which is designed as a horizontal load-bearing member  58 , and secure the same by means of screws  574 . The trough is supported, by way of the outside of the inner wall  51 , on the flange  570 ,  573  of the molding  57  and otherwise rests on the rectangular tube by way of the cover-bearing means  52  and the outer wall  53 . In this case, the maximum length of the rectangular tube is the same as the spacing between two ribs  55  of the cable duct  5 . 
     FIG. 3 b  shows the cable duct  6 , in an embodiment similar to the duct  5 , supported on a T-profile  66  in a tunnel wall  60 . A PVC molding  67  is fastened on the profile by means of a screw  672  and bears an H-profile  68 , screw-connected by means of connectors  671 . The profile  68  may, in turn, be sheathed in plastic. The flange  681  and the web  683  of the profile  68  retain the trough  61  on the rib parts  652 ,  651 , which are shaped in a complementary manner. In this case, of course, it is also possible to use an H-profile in the case of which the flange  682  likewise has its cross section located within the width of the rib  65 . Instead of the, in this case, interrupted or partially worked-away rib  65 , it is equally possible for this rib to be designed as a solid rib as in FIG. 3 a . In this case, the flange  682  of the H-profile  68  continues from support  66  to the next support  66 , for example at a distance of 4 m away, whereas the flange parts  681  are cut away in each case in the region of the rib  65 . 
     FIG. 4 shows a cable duct  7  with a bottom trough part, which rests on a support  76  which is anchored in the ground  70  and has a plate flange  761 . An insulating molding  763  separates the load-bearing member  78 , which is located within the trough or the rib  75  thereof, from the support. At certain spacings apart, the load-bearing member  78  has bracket-like flange pieces  782  which, in front of each rib  75 , engage in stubs  72 , jutting back from the inner wall  71  of the trough, and thus secure the trough. Screws  761  and  783  hold the means of elevation together. 
     FIG. 5 shows a cable duct  8  analogous to FIG.  4 . The base  82  of the trough is drawn upward in a central part, this resulting in a trough with a central web. The stiffening transverse rib  85  is interrupted in the central part  855 . This results in a recess in the rib, in which a profile  88  is accommodated between the edges  853 ,  854  of the rib  85  and the base  82 . The trough is retained on the profile  88  by the plastic noses  851 ,  852 . 
     FIG. 6 shows, finally, a U-shaped iron member  98 , retained by a support which is not illustrated, as a load-bearing member for a cable duct  9 . The stiffening ribs  95  for the trough base  91  have a clearance, which complements the U-shaped iron member  98 , so that the trough can be fitted over the load-bearing member and is retained by latching in behind the elastic noses  951 ,  952 . 
     FIG. 7 a  shows a trough, without a cover, in a plan view with the trough borders  15  and  16  and the associated outer walls  130  on the left and  140  on the right which, for the purpose of saving space widthways, in the region of the recesses  168  and  158  (FIG. 7 b ) in the ribs  157 ,  167  of the trough  100 , jut outward above the load-bearing members  113 . The trough can be screwed to the load-bearing members  113  by means of screws  159 , inserted in guide ducts  156 ,  166  through the trough borders from above. The load-bearing members are retained by a double retaining means  112  which, for its part, is screwed on the support  111  of the supporting arrangement  110 . The trough base  120  terminates alternately, in each trough half, in a lip  121  and matching depression  122 , with the result that a relatively tight overlapping connection of the inner wall of the trough with a neighboring trough (not illustrated) is possible. Outflow points  169  are arranged on the trough borders  15 ,  16  as through-passages in order that water can flow out. The locking elements for locking to a matching cover (illustrated in FIGS. 8 a-d ) comprise, on the right-hand trough border, latches  164  for a lock  172  in the cover  170  and two protuberances  165  for the guidance and/or blockage of longitudinal displacement of the cover in operative connection with the protuberance rib  174 H on said cover. Arranged on the left-hand trough border  15  are three systems of bolt holes  155  for three complementary bolts  176  of the cover. The overall length of the bolt holes, or even better bolt-retaining means, which are designed as partially open grip-round portions, is shorter by approximately 5-20 millimeters, specifically by 12 mm, than the respective bolt  176 , with the result that the cover  170  can be displaced longitudinally by a maximum of this length and it is possible to vary an overlapping position according to FIG.  9 . The through-passages  154  serve for the engagement of a hook  179 , which projects from the underside of the cover from a rib thereon, as a means of engagement for securing the cover against being lifted off after it has been positioned on the trough. FIG. 8 a  shows part of the cover  170  with its top surface  171 , provided with ridges  171 R in order to prevent slipping. FIG. 8 c  shows the associated longitudinal section and FIG. 8 d  shows the cross section of the cover according to section D—D in FIG. 8 a . Bolts  176 , retained on the cover by way of webs  177 , serve for hinging the cover  170  in relation to the trough  100 , in co-operation with the previously described bolt-retaining means. When the cover is closed, the hook  179  engages in the through-passage  154  of the trough border  15 . In this position, the lock  172  can assume the marked positions OPEN-CLOSED and, in the CLOSED position, can be locked on the latch  164  of the trough. The cover borders  173 , partially reinforced at their longitudinally directed ends  1730  and  173 U (FIG.  9 ), likewise serve for stiffening the cover, which already has numerous stiffening ribs  174  according to FIG. 8 b . The outflow points  178  serve for the outflow of water from the top surface. According to FIG. 9, the cover is longer by the dimension LD (FIG. 8 a ), specifically by 5 mm, than the associated trough.