Abstract:
The invention relates to methods and compositions that may be used in a pre-soak system which maintains whitening and eliminates concerns of chlorine stability. The compositions and methods may be used for laundry, toilet bowl cleaners, ware wash cleaners, floor cleaners and the like. The system and compositions are particularly suited for laundry in a pre-soak system that includes the use of a “strainer” or basket for accomplishing the pre-soak step. Heavier soils fall to the bottom of the receptacle while greasy soils float to the top.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119 to provisional application Ser. No. 61/709,560 filed Oct. 4, 2012, herein incorporated by reference in its entirety. 
     
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    The present invention relates a cleaning system which uses a pre-soak and compositions therefor. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0003]    Many cleaner compositions are presently used in many applications, such as retail, industrial and institutional applications. In many such compositions, a source of alkalinity is provided for soil removal. Additionally, in some compositions, it is also desirable to provide a source of chlorine to aid in sanitizing, bleaching, cleaning, or the like. However, it has been found that in many such compositions, the stability of the chlorine within such alkaline compositions is less than may be desired. 
         [0004]    There remains a need, therefore, for cleaning compositions with cleaning capabilities where the composition has a desired level of alkalinity, and also has an increased level of chlorine stability. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0005]    The invention relates to methods and compositions that may be used in a pre-soak system which maintains whitening and eliminates concerns of chlorine stability. In some aspects, the present invention relates to novel pre-soak compositions and detergents for use thereafter, and methods for making them. The compositions of the invention are storage stable, have low or no-odor, and are water soluble. 
         [0006]    In some aspects, the present invention provides a system including methods for using the compositions of the present invention as bleaching or cleaning agents including laundry, toilet bowl cleaners, ware wash cleaners, floor cleaners and the like. The system and compositions may be used for most hard surfaces but are particularly suited for laundry in a pre-soak system. 
         [0007]    In some aspects, the present invention provides methods for using the compounds of the present invention as detergents, bleaching and/or antimicrobial agents. In some aspects, the present invention provides methods for using the compounds of the invention as woven or non-woven textile laundering detergents including a pre-soak composition. In yet some other aspects, the present invention provides methods for laundering woven or non-woven textile fabrics in commercially available wash systems used in the consumer or industrial or institutional market places. In yet some additional aspects, the present invention provides for a system for laundering textiles that includes a chlorine containing pre-soak step and a wash step preferably with a chlorine-free solid detergent. In one embodiment, the present invention is a pre-soak composition including an alkalinity source, a surfactant system, water, and chlorine. 
         [0008]    In another embodiment, the present invention is a presoak composition including between about 50% and about 70% by weight alkalinity source, between about 8.5% and 11.5% by weight of a surfactant system, between about 0.1% and 0.45% by weight of an optical brightener and between about 19.5% and about 23.5% by weight of chlorine, with any remainder being additional adjuncts and nonfunctional components such as fragrance, preservatives and the like, and water. The composition may also contain from about 0 to about 1% by weight of anti-redeposition agent such as cellulose, and/or from about 0 to 2% by weight of a polymer (such as a polyacrylate) that functions as a blending agent. The presoak composition may also be used as a pre-spot composition, a stain remover, laundry detergent (without chlorine for solid formulations) a toilet bowl cleaner, a ware wash or floor cleaner. 
         [0009]    In yet another embodiment the pre-soak system of the invention includes the use of a “strainer” or basket for accomplishing the pre-soak step. The basket may be made of molded resin or formed wire and fits suspended inside a larger receptacle. The basket keeps the pre-soaking textiles suspended while the pre-soak composition begins to release the soils from the textiles. Heavier soils fall to the bottom of the receptacle while greasy soils float to the top. The suspension of the textiles aids in preventing stains from redepositing. The strainer also helps to lift the textiles out of the receptacle to be places in a washing machine for traditional laundering. The strainer further prevents the used pre-soak solution form being poured into the washing machine. 
         [0010]    In yet another embodiment, the present invention includes a method of removing soils and whitening hard surfaces, particularly textiles. The method includes forming a pre-soak solution by adding the pre-soak composition to water of a temperature of at least 100° F. and no more than 140° F.; soaking the textile for a minimum of 20 hours and a maximum of 8 hours. The textiles are then laundered using a traditional alkaline detergent, preferably one that is formulated similarly to the pre-soak but which does not necessarily include chlorine. 
         [0011]    The invention includes yet another embodiment which includes formulating the presoak of the composition of the invention. This includes blending the source of alkalinity, the surfactant system and any other adjuncts. The whitening agent (chlorine) is added last. The composition may be packaged into a water soluble film, foil packaging, plastic packaging, bulk, table, pressed solid, or extruded solid. The composition can be made as a liquid and thus packaged into packets, bulk, gel, and one-shot. The composition can be used as a ready-to use solution, spray bottle, bulk, and dispensed. 
         [0012]    While multiple embodiments are disclosed, still other embodiments of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description, which shows and describes illustrative embodiments of the invention. Accordingly, the drawings and detailed description are to be regarded as illustrative in nature and not restrictive. 
     
    
     
       DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES 
         [0013]      FIG. 1  is a graph showing performance data (in percent soil removal) with a 2 hour presoak. 
           [0014]      FIG. 2  is a graph showing performance data (in percent soil removal) with a 4 hour presoak. 
           [0015]      FIG. 3  a graph showing performance data (in percent soil removal) with an 8 hour presoak. 
           [0016]      FIG. 4A-4C  are photographs showing the presoak in holding containers according to the invention with swatches immersed. 
           [0017]      FIG. 5  is a diagram showing steps may be used to perform the method of the invention. The soiled grill cloths and soiled towels are maintained in a container with presoak, then laundered and stored in a separate container for clean towels and grill cloths. 
           [0018]      FIG. 6  is another diagram showing the steps that may be practiced to perform the method of the invention. 
           [0019]      FIGS. 7A and 7B  are drawings of two embodiments of strainers that may be used according to the invention. The strainers are placed in the soiled towel and cloths container with the pre-soak solution and then may be used to remove the cloths and towels from the solution prior to the washing step. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0020]    So that the invention maybe more readily understood, certain terms are first defined. 
         [0021]    As used herein, “weight percent,” “wt-%,” “percent by weight,” “% by weight,” and variations thereof refer to the concentration of a substance as the weight of that substance divided by the total weight of the composition and multiplied by 100. It is understood that, as used here, “percent,” “%,” and the like are intended to be synonymous with “weight percent,” “wt-%,” etc. 
         [0022]    As used herein, the term “about” refers to variation in the numerical quantity that can occur, for example, through typical measuring and liquid handling procedures used for making concentrates or use solutions in the real world; through inadvertent error in these procedures; through differences in the manufacture, source, or purity of the ingredients used to make the compositions or carry out the methods; and the like. The term “about” also encompasses amounts that differ due to different equilibrium conditions for a composition resulting from a particular initial mixture. Whether or not modified by the term “about”, the claims include equivalents to the quantities. 
         [0023]    It should be noted that, as used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” include plural referents unless the content clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to a composition containing “a compound” includes a composition having two or more compounds. It should also be noted that the term “or” is generally employed in its sense including “and/or” unless the content clearly dictates otherwise. 
         [0024]    As used herein, the term “ware” refers to items such as eating and cooking utensils, dishes, and other hard surfaces such as showers, sinks, toilets, bathtubs, countertops, windows, mirrors, transportation vehicles, and floors. As used herein, the term “warewashing” refers to washing, cleaning, or rinsing ware. Ware also refers to items made of plastic. Types of plastics that can be cleaned with the compositions according to the invention include but are not limited to, those that include polycarbonate polymers (PC), acrilonitrile-butadiene-styrene polymers (ABS), and polysulfone polymers (PS). Another exemplary plastic that can be cleaned using the compounds and compositions of the invention include polyethylene terephthalate (PET). 
         [0025]    As used herein, the term “phosphorus-free” or “substantially phosphorus-free” refers to a composition, mixture, or ingredient that does not contain phosphorus or a phosphorus-containing compound or to which phosphorus or a phosphorus-containing compound has not been added. Should phosphorus or a phosphorus-containing compound be present through contamination of a phosphorus-free composition, mixture, or ingredients, the amount of phosphorus shall be less than 0.5 wt %. More preferably, the amount of phosphorus is less than 0.1 wt-%, and most preferably the amount of phosphorus is less than 0.01 wt %. 
         [0026]    As used herein, the term “alkyl” or “alkyl groups” refers to saturated hydrocarbons having one or more carbon atoms, including straight-chain alkyl groups (e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, etc.), cyclic alkyl groups (or “cycloalkyl” or “alicyclic” or “carbocyclic” groups) (e.g., cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, etc.), branched-chain alkyl groups (e.g., isopropyl, tert-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, etc.), and alkyl-substituted alkyl groups (e.g., alkyl-substituted cycloalkyl groups and cycloalkyl-substituted alkyl groups). 
         [0027]    Unless otherwise specified, the term “alkyl” includes both “unsubstituted alkyls” and “substituted alkyls.” As used herein, the term “substituted alkyls” refers to alkyl groups having substituents replacing one or more hydrogens on one or more carbons of the hydrocarbon backbone. Such substituents may include, for example, alkenyl, alkynyl, halogeno, hydroxyl, alkylcarbonyloxy, arylcarbonyloxy, alkoxycarbonyloxy, aryloxy, aryloxycarbonyloxy, carboxylate, alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, alkylaminocarbonyl, dialkylaminocarbonyl, alkylthiocarbonyl, alkoxyl, phosphate, phosphonato, phosphinato, cyano, amino (including alkyl amino, dialkylamino, arylamino, diarylamino, and alkylarylamino), acylamino (including alkylcarbonylamino, arylcarbonylamino, carbamoyl and ureido), imino, sulfhydryl, alkylthio, arylthio, thiocarboxylate, sulfates, alkylsulfinyl, sulfonates, sulfamoyl, sulfonamido, nitro, trifluoromethyl, cyano, azido, heterocyclic, alkylaryl, or aromatic (including heteroaromatic) groups. 
         [0028]    In some embodiments, substituted alkyls can include a heterocyclic group. As used herein, the term “heterocyclic group” includes closed ring structures analogous to carbocyclic groups in which one or more of the carbon atoms in the ring is an element other than carbon, for example, nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen. Heterocyclic groups may be saturated or unsaturated. Exemplary heterocyclic groups include, but are not limited to, aziridine, ethylene oxide (epoxides, oxiranes), thiirane (episulfides), dioxirane, azetidine, oxetane, thietane, dioxetane, dithietane, dithiete, azolidine, pyrrolidine, pyrroline, oxolane, dihydrofuran, and furan. 
         [0000]    The term “hard surface” refers to a solid, substantially non-flexible surface such as a counter top, tile, floor, wall, panel, window, plumbing fixture, kitchen and bathroom furniture, appliance, engine, circuit board, and dish. 
         [0029]    As used herein, the term “cleaning” refers to a method used to facilitate or aid in soil removal, bleaching, microbial population reduction, and any combination thereof. 
         [0030]    “Soil” or “stain” refers to a non-polar oily substance which may or may not contain particulate matter such as mineral clays, sand, natural mineral matter, carbon black, graphite, kaolin, environmental dust, etc. 
         [0031]    As used herein, the term “cleaning composition” includes, unless otherwise indicated, detergent compositions, laundry cleaning compositions, hard surface cleaning compositions, and personal care cleaning compositions for use in the health and beauty area. Cleaning compositions include granular, powder, liquid, gel, paste, bar form and/or flake type cleaning agents, laundry detergent cleaning agents, laundry soak or spray treatments, fabric treatment compositions, dish washing detergents and soaps, shampoos, body washes and soaps, and other similar cleaning compositions. 
         [0032]    The term “laundry” refers to items or articles that are cleaned in a laundry washing machine. In general, laundry refers to any item or article made from or including textile materials, woven fabrics, non-woven fabrics, and knitted fabrics. The textile materials can include natural or synthetic fibers such as silk fibers, linen fibers, cotton fibers, polyester fibers, polyamide fibers such as nylon, acrylic fibers, acetate fibers, and blends thereof including cotton and polyester blends. The fibers can be treated or untreated. Exemplary treated fibers include those treated for flame retardancy. It should be understood that the term “linen” is often used to describe certain types of laundry items including bed sheets, pillow cases, towels, table linen, table cloth, bar mops and uniforms. The invention additionally provides a composition and method for treating non-laundry articles and surfaces including hard surfaces such as dishes, glasses, and other ware. 
         [0033]    As used herein, a solid cleaning composition refers to a cleaning composition in the form of a solid such as a powder, a particle, an agglomerate, a flake, a granule, a pellet, a tablet, a lozenge, a puck, a briquette, a brick, a solid block, a unit dose, or another solid form known to those of skill in the art. The term “solid” refers to the state of the cleaning composition under the expected conditions of storage and use of the solid detergent composition. In general, it is expected that the detergent composition will remain in solid form when exposed to temperatures of up to about 100° F. and greater than about 120° F. A cast, pressed, or extruded “solid” may take any form including a block. When referring to a cast, pressed, or extruded solid it is meant that the hardened composition will not flow perceptibly and will substantially retain its shape under moderate stress or pressure or mere gravity, as for example, the shape of a mold when removed from the mold, the shape of an article as formed upon extrusion from an extruder, and the like. The degree of hardness of the solid cast composition can range from that of a fused solid block, which is relatively dense and hard, for example, like concrete, to a consistency characterized as being malleable and sponge-like, similar to caulking material. 
         [0034]    The term “actives” or “percent actives” or “percent by weight actives” or “actives concentration” are used interchangeably herein and refers to the concentration of those ingredients involved in cleaning expressed as a percentage minus inert ingredients such as water or salts. 
         [0035]    The term “substantially similar cleaning performance” refers generally to achievement by a substitute cleaning product or substitute cleaning system of generally the same degree (or at least not a significantly lesser degree) of cleanliness or with generally the same expenditure (or at least not a significantly lesser expenditure) of effort, or both, when using the substitute cleaning product or substitute cleaning system rather than a alkyl phenol ethoxylate-containing cleaning to address a typical soiling condition on a typical substrate. This degree of cleanliness may, depending on the particular cleaning product and particular substrate, correspond to a general absence of visible soils, or to some lesser degree of cleanliness, as explained in the prior paragraph. 
         [0036]    The invention comprises cleaning compositions and methods for a cleaning system that brightens and cleans fabrics through the use of a pre-soak or pre-treatment composition followed by traditional laundering. Also included is a suspending receptacle for use in the pre-soak step of the method as well as for transport to the traditional laundry step. The pre-treatment composition comprises a source of alkalinity, a surfactant (preferably non-ionic), and a whitening agent such as chlorine. 
       Source of Alkalinity 
       [0037]    Alkaline cleaner compositions are well known as those that contain alkali or alkaline earth metal borates, silicates, carbonates, hydroxides, phosphates and mixtures thereof. Phosphates are generally not preferred due to environmental concerns. Silicates include all of the usual silicates used in cleaning such as metasilicates, silicates and the like. The alkali or alkaline earth metals include such components as sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, barium and the like. It is to be appreciated that a cleaner composition can be improved by utilizing various mixtures and ratios of the borates, hydroxides, carbonates, phosphates, silicates and the like. Chemically they are sodium hydroxide (NaOH, or caustic soda), potassium hydroxide (caustic potash), sodium carbonate (soda ash) or sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and sodium silicates and have a pH higher than 7. The source of alkalinity is present in the invention in an amount of from about 40% by weight to about 80% by weight; preferably 45% by weight to about 75% by weight and most preferably 50% by weight to about 70% by weight. 
       Whitening Agent/Source of Chlorine 
       [0038]    The pre-soak composition also includes a whitening or bleaching agent. In some of the formulations this is a source of chlorine. Advantageously, the source of chlorine may be used in the pre-soak or pre-treatment step so that the later laundering step may be chlorine free to avoid concerns and issues associated with formulating a solid detergent composition with chlorine. Some examples of classes of compounds that can act as sources of chlorine include a hypochlorite, a chlorinated phosphate, a chlorinated isocyanurate, a chlorinated melamine, a chlorinated amide, and the like, or mixtures of combinations thereof. 
         [0039]    Some specific examples of sources of chlorine can include sodium hypochlorite, potassium hypochlorite, calcium hypochlorite, lithium hypochlorite, chlorinated trisodiumphosphate, sodium dichloroisocyanurate, potassium dichloroisocyanurate, pentaisocyanurate, trichloromelamine, sulfondichloro-amide, 1,3-dichloro 5,5-dimethyl hydantoin, N-chlorosuccinimide, N,N′-dichloroazodicarbonimide, N,N′-chloroacetylurea, N,N′-dichlorobiuret, trichlorocyanuric acid and hydrates thereof, or combinations or mixtures thereof. 
         [0040]    The chlorine source, or whitening agent is present in an amount of from about 10% by weight to about 30% by weight, preferably 15% by weight to about 32% by weight and more preferably from bout 17% by weight to about 25% by weight. 
         [0041]    According to the invention combinations of chlorine and alkalinity components include a traditional ratio of chlorine and caustic, namely a ratio of chlorine to caustic of less than 1:1 on a percent weight basis. 
       Surfactant System 
       [0042]    The compositions of the present invention include a surfactant system. Surfactants suitable for use with the compositions of the present invention include, but are not limited to, nonionic surfactants, anionic surfactants, and zwitterionic surfactants. Preferred surfactants include non-ionic surfactants. In some embodiments, the compositions of the present invention include about 1% by weight to about 25% by weight, preferably 3% to about 20% by weight, and most preferably from about 5% by weight to about 15% by weight. When surfactants other than non-ionic surfactants are used, it is likely that a co-surfactant will be employed for improved cleaning capabilities. 
       Nonionic Surfactants 
       [0043]    Nonionic surfactants useful in the invention are generally characterized by the presence of an organic hydrophobic group and an organic hydrophilic group and are typically produced by the condensation of an organic aliphatic, alkyl aromatic or polyoxyalkylene hydrophobic compound with a hydrophilic alkaline oxide moiety which in common practice is ethylene oxide or a polyhydration product thereof, polyethylene glycol. Practically any hydrophobic compound having a hydroxyl, carboxyl, amino, or amido group with a reactive hydrogen atom can be condensed with ethylene oxide, or its polyhydration adducts, or its mixtures with alkoxylenes such as propylene oxide to form a nonionic surface-active agent. The length of the hydrophilic polyoxyalkylene moiety which is condensed with any particular hydrophobic compound can be readily adjusted to yield a water dispersible or water soluble compound having the desired degree of balance between hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties. Useful nonionic surfactants in the present invention include: 
         [0044]    1. Block polyoxypropylene-polyoxyethylene polymeric compounds based upon propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, glycerol, trimethylolpropane, and ethylenediamine as the initiator reactive hydrogen compound. Examples of polymeric compounds made from a sequential propoxylation and ethoxylation of initiator are commercially available under the trade names Pluronic® and Tetronico manufactured by BASF Corp. Pluronic® compounds are difunctional (two reactive hydrogens) compounds formed by condensing ethylene oxide with a hydrophobic base formed by the addition of propylene oxide to the two hydroxyl groups of propylene glycol. This hydrophobic portion of the molecule weighs from 1,000 to 4,000. Ethylene oxide is then added to sandwich this hydrophobe between hydrophilic groups, controlled by length to constitute from about 10% by weight to about 80% by weight of the final molecule. 
         [0000]    Tetronic® compounds are tetra-functional block copolymers derived from the sequential addition of propylene oxide and ethylene oxide to ethylenediamine. The molecular weight of the propylene oxide hydrotype ranges from 500 to 7,000; and, the hydrophile, ethylene oxide, is added to constitute from 10% by weight to 80% by weight of the molecule. 
         [0045]    2. Condensation products of one mole of alkyl phenol wherein the alkyl chain, of straight chain or branched chain configuration, or of single or dual alkyl constituent, contains from 8 to 18 carbon atoms with from 3 to 50 moles of ethylene oxide. The alkyl group can, for example, be represented by diisobutylene, di-amyl, polymerized propylene, iso-octyl, nonyl, and di-nonyl. These surfactants can be polyethylene, polypropylene, and polybutylene oxide condensates of alkyl phenols. Examples of commercial compounds of this chemistry are available on the market under the trade names Igepal® manufactured by Rhone-Poulenc and Triton® manufactured by Union Carbide. 
         [0046]    3. Condensation products of one mole of a saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain alcohol having from 6 to 24 carbon atoms with from 3 to 50 moles of ethylene oxide. The alcohol moiety can consist of mixtures of alcohols in the above delineated carbon range or it can consist of an alcohol having a specific number of carbon atoms within this range. Examples of like commercial surfactant are available under the trade names Neodol® manufactured by Shell Chemical Co. and Alfonic® manufactured by Vista Chemical Co. 
         [0047]    4. Condensation products of one mole of saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain carboxylic acid having from 8 to 18 carbon atoms with from 6 to 50 moles of ethylene oxide. The acid moiety can consist of mixtures of acids in the above defined carbon atoms range or it can consist of an acid having a specific number of carbon atoms within the range. Examples of commercial compounds of this chemistry are available on the market under the trade names Nopalcol® manufactured by Henkel Corporation and Lipopeg® manufactured by Lipo Chemicals, Inc. 
         [0048]    In addition to ethoxylated carboxylic acids, commonly called polyethylene glycol esters, other alkanoic acid esters formed by reaction with glycerides, glycerin, and polyhydric (saccharide or sorbitan/sorbitol) alcohols have application in this invention. All of these ester moieties have one or more reactive hydrogen sites on their molecule which can undergo further acylation or ethylene oxide (alkoxide) addition to control the hydrophilicity of these substances. Care must be exercised when adding these fatty ester or acylated carbohydrates to compositions of the present invention containing amylase and/or lipase enzymes because of potential incompatibility. 
       Examples of Nonionic Low Foaming Surfactants Include: 
       [0049]    5. Compounds from (1) which are modified, essentially reversed, by adding ethylene oxide to ethylene glycol to provide a hydrophile of designated molecular weight; and, then adding propylene oxide to obtain hydrophobic blocks on the outside (ends) of the molecule. The hydrophobic portion of the molecule weighs from 1,000 to 3,100 with the central hydrophile including 10% by weight to 80% by weight of the final molecule. These reverse Pluronics® are manufactured by BASF Corporation under the trade name Pluronic® R surfactants. 
         [0050]    Likewise, the Tetronic® R surfactants are produced by BASF Corporation by the sequential addition of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide to ethylenediamine. The hydrophobic portion of the molecule weighs from 2,100 to 6,700 with the central hydrophile including 10% by weight to 80% by weight of the final molecule. 
         [0051]    6. Compounds from groups (1), (2), (3) and (4) which are modified by “capping” or “end blocking” the terminal hydroxy group or groups (of multi-functional moieties) to reduce foaming by reaction with a small hydrophobic molecule such as propylene oxide, butylene oxide, benzyl chloride; and, short chain fatty acids, alcohols or alkyl halides containing from 1 to 5 carbon atoms; and mixtures thereof. Also included are reactants such as thionyl chloride which convert terminal hydroxy groups to a chloride group. Such modifications to the terminal hydroxy group may lead to all-block, block-heteric, heteric-block or all-heteric nonionics. 
         [0000]    Additional examples of effective low foaming nonionics include: 
         [0052]    7. The alkylphenoxypolyethoxyalkanols of U.S. Pat. No. 2,903,486 issued Sep. 8, 1959 to Brown et al. and represented by the formula 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0000]    in which R is an alkyl group of 8 to 9 carbon atoms, A is an alkylene chain of 3 to 4 carbon atoms, n is an integer of 7 to 16, and m is an integer of 1 to 10. 
         [0053]    The polyalkylene glycol condensates of U.S. Pat. No. 3,048,548 issued Aug. 7, 1962 to Martin et al. having alternating hydrophilic oxyethylene chains and hydrophobic oxypropylene chains where the weight of the terminal hydrophobic chains, the weight of the middle hydrophobic unit and the weight of the linking hydrophilic units each represent about one-third of the condensate. 
         [0054]    The defoaming nonionic surfactants disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,382,178 issued May 7, 1968 to Lissant et al. having the general formula Z[(OR) n OH] z  wherein Z is alkoxylatable material, R is a radical derived from an alkaline oxide which can be ethylene and propylene and n is an integer from, for example, 10 to 2,000 or more and z is an integer determined by the number of reactive oxyalkylatable groups. 
         [0055]    The conjugated polyoxyalkylene compounds described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,677,700, issued May 4, 1954 to Jackson et al. corresponding to the formula Y(C 3 H 6 O) n (C 2 H 4 O) m  H wherein Y is the residue of organic compound having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms and one reactive hydrogen atom, n has an average value of at least 6.4, as determined by hydroxyl number and m has a value such that the oxyethylene portion constitutes 10% to 90% by weight of the molecule. 
         [0056]    The conjugated polyoxyalkylene compounds described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,674,619, issued Apr. 6, 1954 to Lundsted et al. having the formula Y[(C 3 H 6 O n (C 2 H 4 O) m H] x  wherein Y is the residue of an organic compound having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms and containing x reactive hydrogen atoms in which x has a value of at least 2, n has a value such that the molecular weight of the polyoxypropylene hydrophobic base is at least 900 and m has value such that the oxyethylene content of the molecule is from 10% to 90% by weight. Compounds falling within the scope of the definition for Y include, for example, propylene glycol, glycerine, pentaerythritol, trimethylolpropane, ethylenediamine and the like. The oxypropylene chains optionally, but advantageously, contain small amounts of ethylene oxide and the oxyethylene chains also optionally, but advantageously, contain small amounts of propylene oxide. 
         [0057]    Additional conjugated polyoxyalkylene surface-active agents which are advantageously used in the compositions of this invention correspond to the formula: P[(C 3 H 6 O) n (C 2 H 4 O) m H] x  wherein P is the residue of an organic compound having from 8 to 18 carbon atoms and containing x reactive hydrogen atoms in which x has a value of 1 or 2, n has a value such that the molecular weight of the polyoxyethylene portion is at least 44 and m has a value such that the oxypropylene content of the molecule is from 10% to 90% by weight. In either case the oxypropylene chains may contain optionally, but advantageously, small amounts of ethylene oxide and the oxyethylene chains may contain also optionally, but advantageously, small amounts of propylene oxide. 
         [0058]    8. Polyhydroxy fatty acid amide surfactants suitable for use in the present compositions include those having the structural formula R 2 CONR 1 Z in which: R 1  is H, C 1 -C 4  hydrocarbyl, 2-hydroxy ethyl, 2-hydroxy propyl, ethoxy, propoxy group, or a mixture thereof; R is a C 5 -C 3 1 hydrocarbyl, which can be straight-chain; and Z is a polyhydroxyhydrocarbyl having a linear hydrocarbyl chain with at least 3 hydroxyls directly connected to the chain, or an alkoxylated derivative (preferably ethoxylated or propoxylated) thereof. Z can be derived from a reducing sugar in a reductive amination reaction; such as a glycityl moiety. 
         [0059]    9. The alkyl ethoxylate condensation products of aliphatic alcohols with from 0 to 25 moles of ethylene oxide are suitable for use in the present compositions. The alkyl chain of the aliphatic alcohol can either be straight or branched, primary or secondary, and generally contains from 6 to 22 carbon atoms. 
         [0060]    10. The ethoxylated C 6 -C 18  fatty alcohols and C 6 -C 18  mixed ethoxylated and propoxylated fatty alcohols are suitable surfactants for use in the present compositions, particularly those that are water soluble. Suitable ethoxylated fatty alcohols include the C 10 -C 18  ethoxylated fatty alcohols with a degree of ethoxylation of from 3 to 50. 
         [0061]    11. Suitable nonionic alkylpolysaccharide surfactants, particularly for use in the present compositions include those disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,565,647, Llenado, issued Jan. 21, 1986. These surfactants include a hydrophobic group containing from 6 to 30 carbon atoms and a polysaccharide, e.g., a polyglycoside, hydrophilic group containing from 1.3 to 10 saccharide units. Any reducing saccharide containing 5 or 6 carbon atoms can be used, e.g., glucose, galactose and galactosyl moieties can be substituted for the glucosyl moieties. (Optionally the hydrophobic group is attached at the 2-, 3-, 4-, etc. positions thus giving a glucose or galactose as opposed to a glucoside or galactoside.) The intersaccharide bonds can be, e.g., between the one position of the additional saccharide units and the 2-, 3-, 4-, and/or 6-positions on the preceding saccharide units. 
         [0062]    12. Fatty acid amide surfactants suitable for use in the present compositions include those having the formula: R 6 CON(R 7 ) 2  in which R 6  is an alkyl group containing from 7 to 21 carbon atoms and each R 7  is independently hydrogen, C 1 -C 4  alkyl, C 1 -C 4  hydroxyalkyl, or —(C 2 H 4 O) x H, where x is in the range of from 1 to 3. 
         [0063]    13. A useful class of non-ionic surfactants includes the class defined as alkoxylated amines or, most particularly, alcohol alkoxylated/aminated/alkoxylated surfactants. These non-ionic surfactants may be at least in part represented by the general formulae: 
         [0000]      R 20 —(PO) s N-(EO) t H,
 
         [0000]      R 2 0-(PO) s N-(EO) t H(EO) t H, and 
         [0000]      R 20 —N(EO) t H;
 
         [0000]    in which R 20  is an alkyl, alkenyl or other aliphatic group, or an alkyl-aryl group of from 8 to 20, preferably 12 to 14 carbon atoms, EO is oxyethylene, PO is oxypropylene, s is 1 to 20, preferably 2-5, t is 1-10, preferably 2-5, and u is 1-10, preferably 2-5. Other variations on the scope of these compounds may be represented by the alternative formula: 
         [0000]      R 20 —(PO) v —N[(EO) w H][(EO) z H]
 
         [0000]    in which R 20  is as defined above, v is 1 to 20 (e.g., 1, 2, 3, or 4 (preferably 2)), and w and z are independently 1-10, preferably 2-5. 
         [0064]    These compounds are represented commercially by a line of products sold by Huntsman Chemicals as nonionic surfactants. A preferred chemical of this class includes Surfonic™ PEA 25 Amine Alkoxylate. 
         [0065]    The treatise Nonionic Surfactants, edited by Schick, M. J., Vol. 1 of the Surfactant Science Series, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1983 is an excellent reference on the wide variety of nonionic compounds generally employed in the practice of the present invention. A typical listing of nonionic classes, and species of these surfactants, is given in U.S. Pat. No. 3,929,678 issued to Laughlin and Heuring on Dec. 30, 1975. Further examples are given in “Surface Active Agents and Detergents” (Vol. I and II by Schwartz, Perry and Berch). 
       Semi-Polar Nonionic Surfactants 
       [0066]    The semi-polar type of nonionic surface active agents was described supra. 
       Anionic Surfactants 
       [0067]    Also useful in the present invention are surface active substances which are categorized as anionics because the charge on the hydrophobe is negative; or surfactants in which the hydrophobic section of the molecule carries no charge unless the pH is elevated to neutrality or above (e.g. carboxylic acids). Carboxylate, sulfonate, sulfate and phosphate are the polar (hydrophilic) solubilizing groups found in anionic surfactants. Of the cations (counter ions) associated with these polar groups, sodium, lithium and potassium impart water solubility; ammonium and substituted ammonium ions provide both water and oil solubility; and, calcium, barium, and magnesium promote oil solubility. As those skilled in the art understand, anionics are excellent detersive surfactants and are therefore favored additions to heavy duty detergent compositions. Generally, however, anionics have high foam profiles which limit their use alone or at high concentration levels in cleaning systems such as CIP circuits that require strict foam control. Anionic surface active compounds are useful to impart special chemical or physical properties other than detergency within the composition. Anionics can be employed as gelling agents or as part of a gelling or thickening system. Anionics are excellent solubilizers and can be used for hydrotropic effect and cloud point control. 
         [0068]    The majority of large volume commercial anionic surfactants can be subdivided into five major chemical classes and additional sub-groups known to those of skill in the art and described in “Surfactant Encyclopedia,” Cosmetics &amp; Toiletries, Vol. 104 (2) 71-86 (1989). The first class includes acylamino acids (and salts), such as acylgluamates, acyl peptides, sarcosinates (e.g. N-acyl sarcosinates), taurates (e.g. N-acyl taurates and fatty acid amides of methyl tauride), and the like. The second class includes carboxylic acids (and salts), such as alkanoic acids (and alkanoates), ester carboxylic acids (e.g. alkyl succinates), ether carboxylic acids, and the like. The third class includes sulfonic acids (and salts), such as isethionates (e.g. acyl isethionates), alkylaryl sulfonates, alkyl sulfonates, sulfosuccinates (e.g. monoesters and diesters of sulfosuccinate), and the like. The fifth class includes sulfuric acid esters (and salts), such as alkyl ether sulfates, alkyl sulfates, and the like. 
         [0069]    Anionic sulfate surfactants suitable for use in the present compositions include the linear and branched primary and secondary alkyl sulfates, alkyl ethoxysulfates, fatty oleyl glycerol sulfates, alkyl phenol ethylene oxide ether sulfates, the C 5 -C 1 7 acyl-N—(C 1 -C 4  alkyl) and —N—(C 1 -C 2  hydroxyalkyl)glucamine sulfates, and sulfates of alkylpolysaccharides such as the sulfates of alkylpolyglucoside (the nonionic nonsulfated compounds being described herein). 
         [0070]    Examples of suitable synthetic, water soluble anionic detergent compounds include the ammonium and substituted ammonium (such as mono-, di- and triethanolamine) and alkali metal (such as sodium, lithium and potassium) salts of the alkyl mononuclear aromatic sulfonates such as the alkyl benzene sulfonates containing from 5 to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl group in a straight or branched chain, e.g., the salts of alkyl benzene sulfonates or of alkyl toluene, xylene, cumene and phenol sulfonates; alkyl naphthalene sulfonate, diamyl naphthalene sulfonate, and dinonyl naphthalene sulfonate and alkoxylated derivatives. 
         [0071]    Anionic carboxylate surfactants suitable for use in the present compositions include the alkyl ethoxy carboxylates, the alkyl polyethoxy polycarboxylate surfactants and the soaps (e.g. alkyl carboxyls). Secondary soap surfactants (e.g. alkyl carboxyl surfactants) useful in the present compositions include those which contain a carboxyl unit connected to a secondary carbon. The secondary carbon can be in a ring structure, e.g. as in p-octyl benzoic acid, or as in alkyl-substituted cyclohexyl carboxylates. The secondary soap surfactants typically contain no ether linkages, no ester linkages and no hydroxyl groups. Further, they typically lack nitrogen atoms in the head-group (amphiphilic portion). Suitable secondary soap surfactants typically contain 11-13 total carbon atoms, although more carbons atoms (e.g., up to 16) can be present. 
         [0072]    Other anionic detergents suitable for use in the present compositions include olefin sulfonates, such as long chain alkene sulfonates, long chain hydroxyalkane sulfonates or mixtures of alkenesulfonates and hydroxyalkane-sulfonates. Also included are the alkyl sulfates, alkyl poly(ethyleneoxy)ether sulfates and aromatic poly(ethyleneoxy)sulfates such as the sulfates or condensation products of ethylene oxide and nonyl phenol (usually having 1 to 6 oxyethylene groups per molecule). Resin acids and hydrogenated resin acids are also suitable, such as rosin, hydrogenated rosin, and resin acids and hydrogenated resin acids present in or derived from tallow oil. 
         [0000]    The particular salts will be suitably selected depending upon the particular formulation and the needs therein. 
         [0073]    Further examples of suitable anionic surfactants are given in “Surface Active Agents and Detergents” (Vol. I and II by Schwartz, Perry and Berch). A variety of such surfactants are also generally disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,929,678, issued Dec. 30, 1975 to Laughlin, et al. at Column 23, line 58 through Column 29, line 23. 
       Cationic Surfactants 
       [0074]    Surface active substances are classified as cationic if the charge on the hydrotrope portion of the molecule is positive. Surfactants in which the hydrotrope carries no charge unless the pH is lowered close to neutrality or lower, but which are then cationic (e.g. alkyl amines), are also included in this group. In theory, cationic surfactants may be synthesized from any combination of elements containing an “onium” structure RnX+Y—and could include compounds other than nitrogen (ammonium) such as phosphorus (phosphonium) and sulfur (sulfonium). In practice, the cationic surfactant field is dominated by nitrogen containing compounds, probably because synthetic routes to nitrogenous cationics are simple and straightforward and give high yields of product, which can make them less expensive. 
         [0075]    Cationic surfactants preferably include, more preferably refer to, compounds containing at least one long carbon chain hydrophobic group and at least one positively charged nitrogen. The long carbon chain group may be attached directly to the nitrogen atom by simple substitution; or more preferably indirectly by a bridging functional group or groups in so-called interrupted alkylamines and amido amines. Such functional groups can make the molecule more hydrophilic and/or more water dispersible, more easily water solubilized by co-surfactant mixtures, and/or water soluble. For increased water solubility, additional primary, secondary or tertiary amino groups can be introduced or the amino nitrogen can be quaternized with low molecular weight alkyl groups. Further, the nitrogen can be a part of branched or straight chain moiety of varying degrees of unsaturation or of a saturated or unsaturated heterocyclic ring. In addition, cationic surfactants may contain complex linkages having more than one cationic nitrogen atom. 
         [0076]    The surfactant compounds classified as amine oxides, amphoterics and zwitterions are themselves typically cationic in near neutral to acidic pH solutions and can overlap surfactant classifications. Polyoxyethylated cationic surfactants generally behave like nonionic surfactants in alkaline solution and like cationic surfactants in acidic solution. The simplest cationic amines, amine salts and quaternary ammonium compounds can be schematically drawn thus: 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0000]    in which, R represents a long alkyl chain, R′, R″, and R″′ may be either long alkyl chains or smaller alkyl or aryl groups or hydrogen and X represents an anion. The amine salts and quaternary ammonium compounds are preferred for practical use in this invention due to their high degree of water solubility. 
         [0077]    The majority of large volume commercial cationic surfactants can be subdivided into four major classes and additional sub-groups known to those of skill in the art and described in “Surfactant Encyclopedia,” Cosmetics &amp; Toiletries, Vol. 104 (2) 86-96 (1989). The first class includes alkylamines and their salts. The second class includes alkyl imidazolines. The third class includes ethoxylated amines. The fourth class includes quaternaries, such as alkylbenzyldimethylammonium salts, alkyl benzene salts, heterocyclic ammonium salts, tetra alkylammonium salts, and the like. Cationic surfactants are known to have a variety of properties that can be beneficial in the present compositions. These desirable properties can include detergency in compositions of or below neutral pH, antimicrobial efficacy, thickening or gelling in cooperation with other agents, and the like. 
         [0078]    Cationic surfactants useful in the compositions of the present invention include those having the formula R 1   m R 2   x YLZ wherein each R 1  is an organic group containing a straight or branched alkyl or alkenyl group optionally substituted with up to three phenyl or hydroxy groups and optionally interrupted by up to four of the following structures: 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0000]    or an isomer or mixture of these structures, and which contains from 8 to 22 carbon atoms. The R 1  groups can additionally contain up to 12 ethoxy groups. m is a number from 1 to 3. Preferably, no more than one R 1  group in a molecule has 16 or more carbon atoms when m is 2, or more than 12 carbon atoms when m is 3. Each R 2  is an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl group containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a benzyl group with no more than one R 2  in a molecule being benzyl, and x is a number from 0 to 11, preferably from 0 to 6. The remainder of any carbon atom positions on the Y group is filled by hydrogens. 
         [0079]    Y can be a group including, but not limited to: 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0000]    or a mixture thereof. 
         [0080]    Preferably, L is 1 or 2, with the Y groups being separated by a moiety selected from R 1  and R 2  analogs (preferably alkylene or alkenylene) having from 1 to 22 carbon atoms and two free carbon single bonds when L is 2. Z is a water soluble anion, such as sulfate, methylsulfate, hydroxide, or nitrate anion, particularly preferred being sulfate or methyl sulfate anions, in a number to give electrical neutrality of the cationic component. 
       Amphoteric Surfactants 
       [0081]    Amphoteric, or ampholytic, surfactants contain both a basic and an acidic hydrophilic group and an organic hydrophobic group. These ionic entities may be any of the anionic or cationic groups described herein for other types of surfactants. A basic nitrogen and an acidic carboxylate group are the typical functional groups employed as the basic and acidic hydrophilic groups. In a few surfactants, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphonate or phosphate provide the negative charge. 
         [0082]    Amphoteric surfactants can be broadly described as derivatives of aliphatic secondary and tertiary amines, in which the aliphatic radical may be straight chain or branched and wherein one of the aliphatic substituents contains from 8 to 18 carbon atoms and one contains an anionic water solubilizing group, e.g., carboxy, sulfo, sulfato, phosphato, or phosphono. Amphoteric surfactants are subdivided into two major classes known to those of skill in the art and described in “Surfactant Encyclopedia,” Cosmetics &amp; Toiletries, Vol. 104 (2) 69-71 (1989). The first class includes acyl/dialkyl ethylenediamine derivatives (e.g. 2-alkyl hydroxyethyl imidazoline derivatives) and their salts. The second class includes N-alkylamino acids and their salts. Some amphoteric surfactants can be envisioned as fitting into both classes. 
         [0083]    Amphoteric surfactants can be synthesized by methods known to those of skill in the art. For example, 2-alkyl hydroxyethyl imidazoline is synthesized by condensation and ring closure of a long chain carboxylic acid (or a derivative) with dialkyl ethylenediamine. Commercial amphoteric surfactants are derivatized by subsequent hydrolysis and ring-opening of the imidazoline ring by alkylation—for example with ethyl acetate. During alkylation, one or two carboxy-alkyl groups react to form a tertiary amine and an ether linkage with differing alkylating agents yielding different tertiary amines. Long chain imidazole derivatives having application in the present invention generally have the general formula: 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0000]    wherein R is an acyclic hydrophobic group containing from 8 to 18 carbon atoms and M is a cation to neutralize the charge of the anion, generally sodium. Commercially prominent imidazoline-derived amphoterics that can be employed in the present compositions include for example: Cocoamphopropionate, Cocoamphocarboxy-propionate, Cocoamphoglycinate, Cocoamphocarboxy-glycinate, Cocoamphopropyl-sulfonate, and Cocoamphocarboxy-propionic acid. Preferred amphocarboxylic acids are produced from fatty imidazolines in which the dicarboxylic acid functionality of the amphodicarboxylic acid is diacetic acid and/or dipropionic acid. 
         [0084]    The carboxymethylated compounds (glycinates) described herein above frequently are called betaines. Betaines are a special class of amphoteric discussed herein below in the section entitled, Zwitterion Surfactants. 
         [0085]    Long chain N-alkylamino acids are readily prepared by reacting RNH 2 , in which R.dbd.C 8 -C 18  straight or branched chain alkyl, fatty amines with halogenated carboxylic acids. Alkylation of the primary amino groups of an amino acid leads to secondary and tertiary amines. Alkyl substituents may have additional amino groups that provide more than one reactive nitrogen center. Most commercial N-alkylamine acids are alkyl derivatives of beta-alanine or beta-N(2-carboxyethyl) alanine Examples of commercial N-alkylamino acid ampholytes having application in this invention include alkyl beta-amino dipropionates, RN(C 2 H 4 COOM) 2  and RNHC 2 H 4 COOM. In these, R is preferably an acyclic hydrophobic group containing from 8 to 18 carbon atoms, and M is a cation to neutralize the charge of the anion. 
         [0086]    Preferred amphoteric surfactants include those derived from coconut products such as coconut oil or coconut fatty acid. The more preferred of these coconut derived surfactants include as part of their structure an ethylenediamine moiety, an alkanolamide moiety, an amino acid moiety, preferably glycine, or a combination thereof; and an aliphatic substituent of from 8 to 18 (preferably 12) carbon atoms. Such a surfactant can also be considered an alkyl amphodicarboxylic acid. Disodium cocoampho dipropionate is one most preferred amphoteric surfactant and is commercially available under the tradename Miranol™ FBS from Rhodia Inc., Cranbury, N.J. Another most preferred coconut derived amphoteric surfactant with the chemical name disodium cocoampho diacetate is sold under the tradename Miranol C2M-SF Conc., also from Rhodia Inc., Cranbury, N.J. 
         [0087]    A typical listing of amphoteric classes, and species of these surfactants, is given in U.S. Pat. No. 3,929,678 issued to Laughlin and Heuring on Dec. 30, 1975. Further examples are given in “Surface Active Agents and Detergents” (Vol. I and II by Schwartz, Perry and Berch). 
       Zwitterionic Surfactants 
       [0088]    Zwitterionic surfactants can be thought of as a subset of the amphoteric surfactants. Zwitterionic surfactants can be broadly described as derivatives of secondary and tertiary amines, derivatives of heterocyclic secondary and tertiary amines, or derivatives of quaternary ammonium, quaternary phosphonium or tertiary sulfonium compounds. Typically, a zwitterionic surfactant includes a positive charged quaternary ammonium or, in some cases, a sulfonium or phosphonium ion, a negative charged carboxyl group, and an alkyl group. Zwitterionics generally contain cationic and anionic groups which ionize to a nearly equal degree in the isoelectric region of the molecule and which can develop strong “inner-salt” attraction between positive-negative charge centers. Examples of such zwitterionic synthetic surfactants include derivatives of aliphatic quaternary ammonium, phosphonium, and sulfonium compounds, in which the aliphatic radicals can be straight chain or branched, and wherein one of the aliphatic substituents contains from 8 to 18 carbon atoms and one contains an anionic water solubilizing group, e.g., carboxy, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphate, or phosphonate. Betaine and sultaine surfactants are exemplary zwitterionic surfactants for use herein. 
         [0089]    A general formula for these compounds is: 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0000]    wherein R1 contains an alkyl, alkenyl, or hydroxyalkyl radical of from 8 to 18 carbon atoms having from 0 to 10 ethylene oxide moieties and from 0 to 1 glyceryl moiety; Y is selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur atoms; R.sup.2 is an alkyl or monohydroxy alkyl group containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms; x is 1 when Y is a sulfur atom and 2 when Y is a nitrogen or phosphorus atom, R 3  is an alkylene or hydroxy alkylene or hydroxy alkylene of from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and Z is a radical selected from the group consisting of carboxylate, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphonate, and phosphate groups. 
         [0090]    Examples of zwitterionic surfactants having the structures listed above include: 4-[N,N-di(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-octadecylammonio]-butane-1-car-boxylate; 5-[S-3-hydroxypropyl-5-hexadecylsulfonio]-3-hydroxypentane-1-sul-fate; 3-[P,P-diethyl-P-3,6,9-trioxatetracosanephosphonio]-2-hydroxypropane-1-phosphate; 3-[N,N-dipropyl-N-3-dodecoxy-2-hydroxypropyl-ammonio]-propan-e-1-phosphonate; 3-(N,N-dimethyl-N-hexadecylammonio)-propane-1-sulfonate; 3-(N,N-dimethyl-N-hexadecylammonio)-2-hydroxy-propane-1-sulfonate; 4-[N,N-di(2(2-hydroxyethyl)-N(2-hydroxydodecyl)ammonio]-butane-1-carboxyl-ate; 3-[S-ethyl-S-(3-dodecoxy-2-hydroxypropyl)sulfonio]-propane-1-phosphat-e; 3-[P,P-dimethyl-P-dodecylphosphonio]-propane-1-phosphonate; and S [N,N-di(3-hydroxypropyl)-N-hexadecylammonio]-2-hydroxy-pentane-1-sulfate. The alkyl groups contained in said detergent surfactants can be straight or branched and saturated or unsaturated. 
         [0091]    The zwitterionic surfactant suitable for use in the present compositions includes a betaine of the general structure: 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0000]    These surfactant betaines typically do not exhibit strong cationic or anionic characters at pH extremes nor do they show reduced water solubility in their isoelectric range. Unlike “external” quaternary ammonium salts, betaines are compatible with anionics. Examples of suitable betaines include coconut acylamidopropyldimethyl betaine; hexadecyl dimethyl betaine; C 12-14  acylamidopropylbetaine; C 8-14  acylamidohexyldiethyl betaine; 4-C 14-16  acylmethylamidodiethylammonio-1-carboxybutane; C 16-18  acylamidodimethylbetaine; C 12-16  acylamidopentanediethylbetaine; and C 12-16  acylmethylamidodimethylbetaine. 
         [0092]    Sultaines useful in the present invention include those compounds having the formula (R(R1) 2 N.sup.+R 2 SO 3 —, in which R is a C 6 -C 18  hydrocarbyl group, each R 1  is typically independently C 1 -C 3  alkyl, e.g. methyl, and R 2  is a C 1 -C 6  hydrocarbyl group, e.g. a C 1 -C 3  alkylene or hydroxyalkylene group. 
         [0093]    A typical listing of zwitterionic classes, and species of these surfactants, is given in U.S. Pat. No. 3,929,678 issued to Laughlin and Heuring on Dec. 30, 1975. Further examples are given in “Surface Active Agents and Detergents” (Vol. I and II by Schwartz, Perry and Berch). 
         [0094]    The surfactant system can be present in the range of approximately 0-10000 ppm in cleaning solutions at use concentrations. 
       Optical Brightener 
       [0095]    An optical brightener component, is also present in the compositions of the present invention. The optical brightener can include any brightener that is capable of eliminating graying and yellowing of fabrics. Typically, these substances attach to the fibers and bring about a brightening and simulated bleaching action by converting invisible ultraviolet radiation into visible longer-wave length light, the ultraviolet light absorbed from sunlight being irradiated as a pale bluish fluorescence and, together with the yellow shade of the grayed or yellowed laundry, producing pure white. 
         [0096]    Fluorescent compounds belonging to the optical brightener family are typically aromatic or aromatic heterocyclic materials often containing condensed ring systems. An important feature of these compounds is the presence of an uninterrupted chain of conjugated double bonds associated with an aromatic ring. The number of such conjugated double bonds is dependent on substituents as well as the planarity of the fluorescent part of the molecule. Most brightener compounds are derivatives of stilbene or 4,4′-diamino stilbene, biphenyl, five membered heterocycles (triazoles, oxazoles, imidazoles, etc.) or six membered heterocycles (cumarins, naphthalamides, triazines, etc.). 
         [0097]    Optical brighteners useful in the present invention are known and commercially available. Commercial optical brighteners which may be useful in the present invention can be classified into subgroups, which include, but are not necessarily limited to, derivatives of stilbene, pyrazoline, coumarin, carboxylic acid, methinecyanines, dibenzothiophene-5,5-dioxide, azoles, 5- and 6-membered-ring heterocycles and other miscellaneous agents. Examples of these types of brighteners are disclosed in “The Production and Application of Fluorescent Brightening Agents”, M. Zahradnik, Published by John Wiley &amp; Sons, New York (1982), the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. 
         [0098]    Stilbene derivatives which may be useful in the present invention include, but are not necessarily limited to, derivatives of bis(triazinyl)amino-stilbene; bisacylamino derivatives of stilbene; triazole derivatives of stilbene; oxadiazole derivatives of stilbene; oxazole derivatives of stilbene; and styryl derivatives of stilbene. In an embodiment, optical brighteners include stilbene derivatives. 
         [0099]    In some embodiments, the optical brightener includes Tinopal UNPA, which is commercially available through the Ciba Geigy Corporation located in Switzerland. 
         [0100]    Additional optical brighteners for use in the present invention include, but are not limited to, the classes of substance of 4,4′-diamino-2,2′-stilbenedisulfonic acids (flavonic acids), 4,4′-distyrylbiphenyls, methylumbelliferones, coumarins, dihydroquinolinones, 1,3-diarylpyrazolines, naphthalimides, benzoxazol, benzisoxazol and benzimidazol systems, and pyrene derivatives substituted by heterocycles, and the like. Suitable optical brightener levels include from about 0.01% by weight to about 1% by weight, preferably from about 0.05% by weight to about 0.1% by weight, and more preferably from about 0.1% by weight to about 0.5% by weight. 
       Anti-Redeposition Agent 
       [0101]    The treatment composition can optionally include an anti-redeposition agent for facilitating sustained suspension of soils in a cleaning solution and preventing the removed soils from being redeposited onto the substrate being cleaned. Examples of suitable anti-redeposition agents include fatty acid amides, fluorocarbon surfactants, complex phosphate esters, styrene maleic anhydride copolymers, and cellulosic derivatives such as hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, and the like. In a preferred embodiment, the anti-redeposition agent when present in the treatment composition, is added in an amount between about 0.01% by weight to about 5% by weight, preferably from about 0.05% by weight to about 3% by weight, and more preferably from about 0.1% by weight to about 1% by weight. 
       Polymer Component 
       [0102]    The pre-soak or pre-spot compositions of the invention can contain polymers capable of enhancing pre-treatment, sequestering hardness cations from service water, providing alkaline buffering for wash solutions and the like. These must be present in the detergent formulations but are optional in the pre-soak/pretreatment formulations. Suitable polymers include, cationic polymeric acrylates or copolymers thereof, zeolites, sodium alumina silicates, and other materials. Polymeric polycarboxylates may also be included. Those suitable for use have pendant carboxylate groups and include, for example, polyacrylic acid, maleic/olefin copolymer, acrylic/maleic copolymer, polymethacrylic acid, acrylic acid-methacrylic acid copolymers, and the like. The polymer can be present in amounts of from about 0.05% by weight to about 10% by weight, preferably from about to 0.1% by weight to about 5% by weight and more preferably from about 0.5% by weight to about 3% by weight of the total composition. 
       Additional Components 
       [0103]    While not essential for the purposes of the present invention, the non-limiting list of additional components illustrated hereinafter are suitable for use in the instant compositions and may be desirably incorporated in certain embodiments of the invention, for example to assist or enhance cleaning performance, for treatment of the substrate to be cleaned, or to modify the aesthetics of the cleaning composition as is the case with perfumes, colorants, dyes or the like. The precise nature of these additional components, and levels of incorporation thereof, will depend on the physical form of the composition and the nature of the cleaning operation for which it is to be used. Suitable additional materials include, but are not limited to, surfactants, builders, chelating agents, dye transfer inhibiting agents, viscosity modifiers, dispersants, additional enzymes, and enzyme stabilizers, catalytic materials, bleaches, bleach activators, hydrogen peroxide, sources of hydrogen peroxide, preformed peracids, polymeric dispersing agents, threshold inhibitors for hard water precipitation pigments, clay soil removal/anti-redeposition agents, brighteners, suds suppressors, dyes, fabric hueing agents, perfumes, structure elasticizing agents, fabric softeners, carriers, hydrotropes, processing aids, solvents, pigments antimicrobials, pH buffers, processing aids, active fluorescent whitening ingredient, additional surfactants and mixtures thereof. In addition to the disclosure below, suitable examples of such other adjuncts and levels of use are found in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,576,282, 6,306,812 B1 and 6,326,348 B1 that are incorporated by reference. 
         [0104]    As stated, the adjunct ingredients are not essential to Applicants&#39; compositions. Thus, certain embodiments of Applicants&#39; compositions do not contain additional materials. However, when one or more additional materials are present, such one or more additional components may be present as detailed below: 
       Water Conditioning Agent 
       [0105]    A water conditioning agent aids in removing metal compounds and in reducing harmful effects of hardness components in service water. Exemplary water conditioning agents include chelating agents, sequestering agents and inhibitors. Polyvalent metal cations or compounds such as a calcium, a magnesium, an iron, a manganese, a molybdenum, etc. cation or compound, or mixtures thereof, can be present in service water and in complex soils. Such compounds or cations can interfere with the effectiveness of a washing or rinsing compositions during a cleaning application. A water conditioning agent can effectively complex and remove such compounds or cations from soiled surfaces and can reduce or eliminate the inappropriate interaction with active ingredients including the nonionic surfactants and anionic surfactants of the invention. Both organic and inorganic water conditioning agents are common and can be used. Inorganic water conditioning agents include such compounds as sodium tripolyphosphate and other higher linear and cyclic polyphosphates species. Organic water conditioning agents include both polymeric and small molecule water conditioning agents. Organic small molecule water conditioning agents are typically organocarboxylate compounds or organophosphate water conditioning agents. Polymeric inhibitors commonly comprise polyanionic compositions such as polyacrylic acid compounds. Small molecule organic water conditioning agents include, but are not limited to: sodium gluconate, sodium glucoheptonate, N-hydroxyethylenediaminetriacetic acid (HEDTA), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), ethylenediaminetetraproprionic acid, triethylenetetraaminehexaacetic acid (TTHA), and the respective alkali metal, ammonium and substituted ammonium salts thereof, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid tetrasodium salt (EDTA), nitrilotriacetic acid trisodium salt (NTA), ethanoldiglycine disodium salt (EDG), diethanolglycine sodium-salt (DEG), and 1,3-propylenediaminetetraacetic acid (PDTA), dicarboxymethyl glutamic acid tetrasodium salt (GLDA), methylglycine-N—N-diacetic acid trisodium salt (MGDA), and iminodisuccinate sodium salt (IDS). All of these are known and commercially available. 
         [0106]    The composition of a water conditioning agent can be present in the range of approximately 0-5000 ppm in cleaning solutions at use concentrations. 
       Hydrotrope 
       [0107]    The compositions of the invention may optionally include a hydrotrope, coupling agent, or solubilizer that aides in compositional stability, and aqueous formulation. Functionally speaking, the suitable couplers which can be employed are non-toxic and retain the active ingredients in aqueous solution throughout the temperature range and concentration to which a concentrate or any use solution is exposed. 
         [0108]    Any hydrotrope coupler may be used provided it does not react with the other components of the composition or negatively affect the performance properties of the composition. Representative classes of hydrotropic coupling agents or solubilizers which can be employed include anionic surfactants such as alkyl sulfates and alkane sulfonates, linear alkyl benzene or naphthalene sulfonates, secondary alkane sulfonates, alkyl ether sulfates or sulfonates, alkyl phosphates or phosphonates, dialkyl sulfosuccinic acid esters, sugar esters (e.g., sorbitan esters), amine oxides (mono-, di-, or tri-alkyl) and C 8 -C 10  alkyl glucosides. Preferred coupling agents for use in the present invention include n-octanesulfonate, available as NAS 8D from Ecolab Inc., n-octyl dimethylamine oxide, and the commonly available aromatic sulfonates such as the alkyl benzene sulfonates (e.g. xylene sulfonates) or naphthalene sulfonates, aryl or alkaryl phosphate esters or their alkoxylated analogues having 1 to about 40 ethylene, propylene or butylene oxide units or mixtures thereof. Other preferred hydrotropes include nonionic surfactants of C 6 -C 24  alcohol alkoxylates (alkoxylate means ethoxylates, propoxylates, butoxylates, and co-or-terpolymer mixtures thereof) (preferably C 6 -C 14  alcohol alkoxylates) having 1 to about 15 alkylene oxide groups (preferably about 4 to about 10 alkylene oxide groups); C 6 -C 24  alkylphenol alkoxylates (preferably C 8 -C 10  alkylphenol alkoxylates) having 1 to about 15 alkylene oxide groups (preferably about 4 to about 10 alkylene oxide groups); C 6 -C 24  alkylpolyglycosides (preferably C 6 -C 20  alkylpolyglycosides) having 1 to about 15 glycoside groups (preferably about 4 to about 10 glycoside groups); C 6 -C 24  fatty acid ester ethoxylates, propoxylates or glycerides; and C 4 -C 12  mono or dialkanolamides. 
         [0109]    The composition of a hydrotrope can be present in the range of approximately 0-10000 ppm in cleaning solutions at use concentrations. 
       Chelating/Sequestering Agent 
       [0110]    The composition may include a chelating/sequestering agent such as an aminocarboxylic acid, a condensed phosphate, a phosphonate, a polyacrylate, and the like. In general, a chelating agent is a molecule capable of coordinating (i.e., binding) the metal ions commonly found in natural water to prevent the metal ions from interfering with the action of the other detersive ingredients of a cleaning composition. The chelating/sequestering agent may also function as a threshold agent when included in an effective amount. An iminodisuccinate (available commercially from Bayer as IDS™) may be used as a chelating agent. 
         [0111]    The composition of a chelating/sequestering agent can be present in the range of approximately 0-10000 ppm in cleaning solutions at use concentrations. 
         [0112]    Useful aminocarboxylic acids include, for example, N-hydroxyethyliminodiacetic acid, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), N-hydroxyethyl-ethylenediaminetriacetic acid (HEDTA), diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), and the like. Examples of condensed phosphates useful in the present composition include sodium and potassium orthophosphate, sodium and potassium pyrophosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium hexametaphosphate, and the like. The composition may include a phosphonate such as 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid, 2-phosphonobutane-1,2,4 tricarboxylic acid, and the like. 
         [0113]    Polymeric polycarboxylates may also be included in the composition. Those suitable for use as cleaning agents have pendant carboxylate groups and include, for example, polyacrylic acid, maleic/olefin copolymer, acrylic/maleic copolymer, polymethacrylic acid, acrylic acid-methacrylic acid copolymers, and the like. For a further discussion of chelating agents/sequestrants, see Kirk-Othmer, Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, Third Edition, volume 5, pages 339-366 and volume 23, pages 319-320, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein. 
       Bleaching Agents 
       [0114]    The composition may include a bleaching agent in addition to or in conjunction with a source of chlorine. Bleaching agents for lightening or whitening a substrate, include bleaching compounds capable of liberating an non-chlorine active halogen species, such as iodine and iodine containing complexes, Br 2 , and/or —OBr − , under conditions typically encountered during the cleansing process. A bleaching agent may also be a peroxygen or active oxygen source such as hydrogen peroxide, perborates, sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate, phosphate peroxyhydrates, potassium permonosulfate, and sodium perborate mono and tetrahydrate, with and without activators such as tetraacetylethylene diamine, and the like. The composition of a non-chlorine bleaching agent can be present in the range of approximately 0-10000 ppm in cleaning solutions at use concentrations. 
       Dye or Odorant 
       [0115]    Various dyes, odorants including perfumes, and other aesthetic enhancing agents may also be included in the composition. Dyes may be included to alter the appearance of the composition, as for example, Direct Blue 86 (Miles), Fastusol Blue (Mobay Chemical Corp.), Acid Orange 7 (American Cyanamid), Basic Violet 10 (Sandoz), Acid Yellow 23 (GAF), Acid Yellow 17 (Sigma Chemical), Sap Green (Keyston Analine and Chemical), Metanil Yellow (Keystone Analine and Chemical), Acid Blue 9 (Hilton Davis), Sandolan Blue/Acid Blue 182 (Sandoz), Hisol Fast Red (Capitol Color and Chemical), Fluorescein (Capitol Color and Chemical), Acid Green 25 (Ciba-Geigy), and the like. Fragrances or perfumes that may be included in the compositions include, for example, terpenoids such as citronellol, aldehydes such as amyl cinnamaldehyde, a jasmine such as ClS-jasmine orjasmal, vanillin, and the like. 
       Antimicrobial Agent 
       [0116]    The compositions may optionally include an antimicrobial agent or preservative. Antimicrobial agents are chemical compositions that can be used in the compositions to prevent microbial contamination and deterioration of commercial products material systems, surfaces, etc. Generally, these materials fall in specific classes including phenolics, halogen compounds, quaternary ammonium compounds, metal derivatives, amines, alkanol amines, nitro derivatives, analides, organosulfur and sulfur-nitrogen compounds and miscellaneous compounds. The given antimicrobial agent depending on chemical composition and concentration may simply limit further proliferation of numbers of the microbe or may destroy all or a substantial proportion of the microbial population. The terms “microbes” and “microorganisms” typically refer primarily to bacteria and fungus microorganisms. In use, the antimicrobial agents are formed into the final product that when diluted and dispensed using an aqueous stream forms an aqueous disinfectant or sanitizer composition that can be contacted with a variety of surfaces resulting in prevention of growth or the killing of a substantial proportion of the microbial population. Common antimicrobial agents that may be used include phenolic antimicrobials such as pentachlorophenol, orthophenylphenol; halogen containing antibacterial agents that may be used include sodium trichloroisocyanurate, sodium dichloroisocyanurate (anhydrous or dihydrate), iodine-poly(vinylpyrrolidin-onen) complexes, bromine compounds such as 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol; quaternary antimicrobial agents such as benzalconium chloride, cetylpyridiniumchloride; amines and nitro containing antimicrobial compositions such as hexahydro-1,3,5-tris(2-hydroxyethyl)-s-triazine, dithiocarbamates such as sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate, and a variety of other materials known in the art for their microbial properties. Antimicrobial agents may be encapsulated to improve stability and/or to reduce reactivity with other materials in the detergent composition. When an antimicrobial agent or preservative is incorporated into the composition, the composition of an antimicrobial agent can be present in the range of approximately 0-10000 ppm in cleaning solutions at use concentrations. 
       Enzymes 
       [0117]    The cleaning compositions can comprise one or more enzymes which provide cleaning performance and/or fabric care benefits. Enzymes can be included herein for a wide variety of fabric laundering purposes, including removal of protein-based, carbohydrate-based, or triglyceride-based stains, for example, and/or for fabric restoration. Examples of suitable enzymes include, but are not limited to, hemicellulases, peroxidases, proteases, cellulases, xylanases, lipases, phospholipases, esterases, cutinases, pectinases, keratinases, reductases, oxidases, phenoloxidases, lipoxygenases, ligninases, pullulanases, tannases, pentosanases, malanases, β-glucanases, arabinosidases, hyaluronidase, chondroitinase, laccase, amylases, or combinations thereof and may be of any suitable origin. The choice of enzyme(s) takes into account factors such as pH-activity, stability optima, thermostability, stability versus active detergents, chelants, builders, etc. A detersive enzyme mixture useful herein is a protease, lipase, cutinase and/or cellulase in conjunction with amylase. Sample detersive enzymes are described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,579,839. 
         [0118]    Enzymes are normally present at up to about 5 mg, more typically from about 0.01 mg to about 3 mg by weight of active enzyme per gram of the detergent. Stated another way, the detergent herein will typically contain from about 0.001% to about 5%, or from about 0.01% to about 2%, or from about 0.05% to about 1% by weight of a commercial enzyme preparation. Protease enzymes are present at from about 0.005 to about 0.1 AU of activity per gram of detergent. Proteases useful herein include those like subtilisins from  Bacillus  [e.g.  subtilis, lentus, licheniformnis, amyloliquefaciens  (BPN, BPN′), alcalophilus,] e.g. Esperase®, Alcalase®, Everlase® and Savinase® (Novozymes), BLAP and variants (Henkel). Further proteases are described in EP 130756, WO 91/06637, WO 95/10591 and WO 99/20726. 
         [0119]    Amylases are described in GB Pat. #1 296 839, WO 94/02597 and WO 96/23873; and available as Purafect Ox Am® (Genencor), Termamyl®, Natalase®, Ban®, Fungamyl®, Duramyl® (all Novozymes), and RAPIDASE (International Bio-Synthetics, Inc). 
         [0120]    The cellulase herein includes bacterial and/or fungal cellulases with a pH optimum between 5 and 9.5. Suitable cellulases are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,435,307 to Barbesgoard, et al., issued Mar. 6, 1984. Cellulases useful herein include bacterial or fungal cellulases, e.g. produced by  Humicola insolens , particularly DSM 1800, e.g. 50 kD and ˜43 kD (Carezyyme®). Additional suitable cellulases are the EGIII cellulases from  Trichoderma longibrachiatum . WO 02/099091 by Novozymes describes an enzyme exhibiting endo-beta-glucanase activity (EC 3.2.1.4) endogenous to  Bacillus  sp., DSM 12648; for use in detergent and textile applications; and an anti-redeposition endo-glucanase in WO 04/053039. Kao&#39;s EP 265 832 describes alkaline cellulase K, CMCase I and CMCase II isolated from a culture product of  Bacillus  sp KSM-635. Kao further describes in EP 1 350 843 (KSM S237; 1139; KSM 64; KSM N131), EP 265 832A (KSM 635, FERM BP 1485) and EP 0 271 044 A (KSM 534, FERM BP 1508; KSM 539, FERM BP 1509; KSM 577, FERM BP 1510; KSM 521, FERM BP 1507; KSM 580, FERM BP 1511; KSM 588, FERM BP 1513; KSM 597, FERM BP 1514; KSM 522, FERM BP 1512; KSM 3445, FERM BP 1506; KSM 425. FERM BP 1505) readily-mass producible and high activity alkaline cellulases/endo-glucanases for an alkaline environment. Such endo-glucanase may contain a polypeptide (or variant thereof) endogenous to one of the above  Bacillus  species. Other suitable cellulases are Family 44 Glycosyl Hydrolase enzymes exhibiting endo-beta-1,4-glucanase activity from Paenibacilus polyxyma (wild-type) such as XYG1006 described in WO 01/062903 or variants thereof. Carbohydrases useful herein include e.g. mannanase (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 6,060,299), pectate lyase (see, e.g., WO99/27083), cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase (see, e.g., WO96/33267), and/or xyloglucanase (see, e.g., WO99/02663). Bleaching enzymes useful herein with enhancers include e.g. peroxidases, laccases, oxygenases, lipoxygenase (see, e.g., WO 95/26393), and/or (non-heme) haloperoxidases. 
         [0121]    Suitable endoglucanases include: 1) An enzyme exhibiting endo-beta-1,4-glucanase activity (E.C. 3.2.1.4), with a sequence at least 90%, or at least 94%, or at least 97% or at least 99%, or 100% identity to the amino acid sequence of positions 1-773 of SEQ ID NO:2 in WO 02/099091; or a fragment thereof that has endo-beta-1,4-glucanase activity. GAP in the GCG program determines identity using a GAP creation penalty of 3.0 and GAP extension penalty of 0.1. See WO 02/099091 by Novozymes A/S on Dec. 12, 2002, e.g., Celluclean™ by Novozymes A/S. GCG refers to sequence analysis software package (Accelrys, San Diego, Calif., USA). GCG includes a program called GAP which uses the Needleman and Wunsch algorithm to find the alignment of two complete sequences that maximizes the number of matches and minimizes the number of gaps; and 2) Alkaline endoglucanase enzymes described in EP 1 350 843A published by Kao on Oct. 8, 2003 ([0011]-[0039] and examples 1-4). 
         [0122]    Suitable lipases include those produced by  Pseudomonas  and Chromobacter, and LIPOLASE®, LIPOLASE ULTRA®, LIPOPRIME® and LIPEX® from Novozymes. See also Japanese Patent Application 53-20487, laid open on Feb. 24, 1978, available from Areario Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Nagoya, Japan, under the trade name Lipase P “Amano”. Other commercial lipases include Amano-CES, lipases ex Chromobacter viscosum, available from Toyo Jozo Co., Tagata, Japan; and Chromobacter viscosum lipases from U.S. Biochemical Corp., U.S.A. and Diosynth Co., The Netherlands, and lipases ex  Pseudomonas gladioli . Also suitable are cutinases [EC 3.1.1.50] and esterases. 
         [0123]    Enzymes useful for liquid detergent formulations, and their incorporation into such formulations, are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,261,868 to Hora, et al., issued Apr. 14, 1981. In an embodiment, the liquid composition herein is substantially free of (i.e. contains no measurable amount of) wild-type protease enzymes. A typical combination is an enzyme cocktail that may comprise, for example, a protease and lipase in conjunction with amylase. When present in a cleaning composition, the aforementioned additional enzymes may be present at levels from about 0.00001% to about 2%, from about 0.0001% to about 1% or even from about 0.001% to about 0.5% enzyme protein by weight of the composition. 
       Enzyme Stabilizers 
       [0124]    Enzymes for use in detergents can be stabilized by various techniques. The enzymes employed herein can be stabilized by the presence of water-soluble sources of calcium and/or magnesium ions in the finished compositions that provide such ions to the enzymes. In case of aqueous compositions comprising protease, a reversible protease inhibitor, such as a boron compound, can be added to further improve stability. A useful enzyme stabilizer system is a calcium and/or magnesium compound, boron compounds and substituted boric acids, aromatic borate esters, peptides and peptide derivatives, polyols, low molecular weight carboxylates, relatively hydrophobic organic compounds [e.g. certain esters, diakyl glycol ethers, alcohols or alcohol alkoxylates], alkyl ether carboxylate in addition to a calcium ion source, benzamidine hypochlorite, lower aliphatic alcohols and carboxylic acids, N,N-bis(carboxymethyl) serine salts; (meth)acrylic acid-(meth)acrylic acid ester copolymer and PEG; lignin compound, polyamide oligomer, glycolic acid or its salts; poly hexa methylene bi guanide or N,N-bis-3-amino-propyl-dodecyl amine or salt; and mixtures thereof. The detergent may contain a reversible protease inhibitor e.g., peptide or protein type, or a modified subtilisin inhibitor of family VI and the plasminostrepin; leupeptin, peptide trifluoromethyl ketone, or a peptide aldehyde. Enzyme stabilizers are present from about 1 to about 30, or from about 2 to about 20, or from about 5 to about 15, or from about 8 to about 12, millimoles of stabilizer ions per liter. 
       Catalytic Metal Complexes 
       [0125]    Applicants&#39; cleaning compositions may include catalytic metal complexes. One type of metal-containing bleach catalyst is a catalyst system comprising a transition metal cation of defined bleach catalytic activity, such as copper, iron, titanium, ruthenium, tungsten, molybdenum, or manganese cations, an auxiliary metal cation having little or no bleach catalytic activity, such as zinc or aluminum cations, and a sequestrate having defined stability constants for the catalytic and auxiliary metal cations, particularly ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, ethylenediaminetetra(methylenephosphonic acid) and water-soluble salts thereof. Such catalysts are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,430,243. 
         [0126]    If desired, the compositions herein can be catalyzed by means of a manganese compound. Such compounds and levels of use are well known in the art and include, for example, the manganese-based catalysts disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,576,282. 
         [0127]    Cobalt bleach catalysts useful herein are known, and are described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 5,597,936; U.S. Pat. No. 5,595,967. Such cobalt catalysts are readily prepared by known procedures, such as taught for example in U.S. Pat. No. 5,597,936, and U.S. Pat. No. 5,595,967. 
         [0128]    Compositions herein may also suitably include a transition metal complex of ligands such as bispidones (WO 05/042532 A1) and/or macropolycyclic rigid ligands—abbreviated as “MRLs”. As a practical matter, and not by way of limitation, the compositions and processes herein can be adjusted to provide on the order of at least one part per hundred million of the active MRL species in the aqueous washing medium, and will typically provide from about 0.005 ppm to about 25 ppm, from about 0.05 ppm to about 10 ppm, or even from about 0.1 ppm to about 5 ppm, of the MRL in the wash liquor. 
         [0129]    Suitable transition-metals in the instant transition-metal bleach catalyst include, for example, manganese, iron and chromium. Suitable MRLs include 5,12-diethyl-1,5,8,12-tetraazabicyclo[6.6.2]hexadecane. 
         [0130]    Suitable transition metal MRLs are readily prepared by known procedures, such as taught for example in WO 00/32601, and U.S. Pat. No. 6,225,464. 
       Solvents 
       [0131]    Suitable solvents include water and other solvents such as lipophilic fluids. Examples of suitable lipophilic fluids include siloxanes, other silicones, hydrocarbons, glycol ethers, glycerine derivatives such as glycerine ethers, perfluorinated amines, perfluorinated and hydrofluoroether solvents, low-volatility nonfluorinated organic solvents, diol solvents, other environmentally-friendly solvents and mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the solvent includes water. The water can include water from any source including deionized water, tap water, softened water, and combinations thereof. Solvents are typically present at from about 0.1% to about 50%, or from about 0.5% to about 35%, or from about 1% to about 15% by weight. 
         [0132]    The compositions of the invention may also contain additional typically nonactive materials, with respect to cleaning properties, generally found in liquid pretreatment or detergent compositions in conventional usages. These ingredients are selected to be compatible with the materials of the invention and include such materials as fabric softeners, optical brighteners, soil suspension agents, germicides, viscosity modifiers, gelling agents, inorganic carriers, solidifying agents and the like. 
       Thickening or Gelling Agents 
       [0133]    The compositions of the present invention can include any of a variety of known thickeners. Suitable thickeners include natural gums such as xanthan gum, guar gum, or other gums from plant mucilage; polysaccharide based thickeners, such as alginates, starches, and cellulosic polymers (e.g., carboxymethyl cellulose); polyacrylates thickeners; and hydrocolloid thickeners, such as pectin. In an embodiment, the thickener does not leave contaminating residue on the surface of an object. For example, the thickeners or gelling agents can be compatible with food or other sensitive products in contact areas. Generally, the concentration of thickener employed in the present compositions or methods will be dictated by the desired viscosity within the final composition. However, as a general guideline, the viscosity of thickener within the present composition ranges from about 0.1 wt-% to about 5 wt-%, from about 0.1 wt-% to about 1.0 wt-%, or from about 0.1 wt-% to about 0.5 wt-%. 
       Solidification Agent 
       [0134]    The present compositions can include a solidification agent, which can participate in maintaining the compositions in a solid form. In some embodiments, the solidification agent can form and/or maintain the composition as a solid. In other embodiments, the solidification agent can solidify the composition without unacceptably detracting from the eventual release of the sulfonated peroxycarboxylic acid. The solidification agent can include, for example, an organic or inorganic solid compound having a neutral inert character or making a functional, stabilizing or detersive contribution to the present composition. Suitable solidification agents include solid polyethylene glycol (PEG), solid polypropylene glycol, solid EO/PO block copolymer, amide, urea (also known as carbamide), nonionic surfactant (which can be employed with a coupler), anionic surfactant, starch that has been made water-soluble (e.g., through an acid or alkaline treatment process), cellulose that has been made water-soluble, inorganic agent, poly(maleic anhydride/methyl vinyl ether), polymethacrylic acid, other generally functional or inert materials with high melting points, mixtures thereof, and the like; 
         [0135]    Suitable glycol solidification agents include a solid polyethylene glycol or a solid polypropylene glycol, which can, for example, have molecular weight of about 1,400 to about 30,000. In certain embodiments, the solidification agent includes or is solid PEG, for example PEG 1500 up to PEG 20,000. In certain embodiments, the PEG includes PEG 1450, PEG 3350, PEG 4500, PEG 8000, PEG 20,000, and the like. Suitable solid polyethylene glycols are commercially available from Union Carbide under the tradename CARBOWAX. 
         [0136]    Suitable amide solidification agents include stearic monoethanolamide, lauric diethanolamide, stearic diethanolamide, stearic monoethanol amide, cocodiethylene amide, an alkylamide, mixtures thereof, and the like. In an embodiment, the present composition can include glycol (e.g., PEG) and amide. 
         [0137]    Suitable nonionic surfactant solidification agents include nonylphenol ethoxylate, linear alkyl alcohol ethoxylate, ethylene oxide/propylene oxide block copolymer, mixtures thereof, or the like. Suitable ethylene oxide/propylene oxide block copolymers include those sold under the Pluronic tradename (e.g., Pluronic 108 and Pluronic F68) and commercially available from BASF Corporation. In some embodiments, the nonionic surfactant can be selected to be solid at room temperature or the temperature at which the composition will be stored or used. In other embodiments, the nonionic surfactant can be selected to have reduced aqueous solubility in combination with the coupling agent. Suitable couplers that can be employed with the nonionic surfactant solidification agent include propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, mixtures thereof, or the like. 
         [0138]    Suitable anionic surfactant solidification agents include linear alkyl benzene sulfonate, alcohol sulfate, alcohol ether sulfate, alpha olefin sulfonate, mixtures thereof, and the like. In an embodiment, the anionic surfactant solidification agent is or includes linear alkyl benzene sulfonate. In an embodiment, the anionic surfactant can be selected to be solid at room temperature or the temperature at which the composition will be stored or used. 
         [0139]    Suitable inorganic solidification agents include phosphate salt (e.g., alkali metal phosphate), sulfate salt (e.g., magnesium sulfate, sodium sulfate or sodium bisulfate), acetate salt (e.g., anhydrous sodium acetate), Borates (e.g., sodium borate), Silicates (e.g., the precipitated or fumed forms (e.g., Sipernat 50® available from Degussa), carbonate salt (e.g., calcium carbonate or carbonate hydrate), other known hydratable compounds, mixtures thereof, and the like. In an embodiment, the inorganic solidification agent can include organic phosphonate compound and carbonate salt, such as an E-Form composition. 
         [0140]    In some embodiments, the compositions of the present invention can include any agent or combination of agents that provide a requisite degree of solidification and aqueous solubility can be included in the present compositions. In other embodiments, increasing the concentration of the solidification agent in the present composition can tend to increase the hardness of the composition. In yet other embodiments, decreasing the concentration of solidification agent can tend to loosen or soften the concentrate composition. 
         [0141]    In some embodiments, the solidification agent can include any organic or inorganic compound that imparts a solid character to and/or controls the soluble character of the present composition, for example, when placed in an aqueous environment. For example, a solidifying agent can provide controlled dispensing if it has greater aqueous solubility compared to other ingredients in the composition. Urea can be one such solidification agent. By way of further example, for systems that can benefit from less aqueous solubility or a slower rate of dissolution, an organic nonionic or amide hardening agent may be appropriate. 
         [0142]    In some embodiments, the compositions of the present invention can include a solidification agent that provides for convenient processing or manufacture of the present composition. For example, the solidification agent can be selected to form a composition that can harden to a solid form under ambient temperatures of about 30 to about 50° C. after mixing ceases and the mixture is dispensed from the mixing system, within about 1 minute to about 3 hours, or about 2 minutes to about 2 hours, or about 5 minutes to about 1 hour. 
         [0143]    The compositions of the present invention can include solidification agent at any effective amount. The amount of solidification agent included in the present composition can vary according to the type of composition, the ingredients of the composition, the intended use of the composition, the quantity of dispensing solution applied to the solid composition over time during use, the temperature of the dispensing solution, the hardness of the dispensing solution, the physical size of the solid composition, the concentration of the other ingredients, the concentration of the cleaning agent in the composition, and other like factors. Suitable amounts can include about 1 to about 99 wt-%, about 1.5 to about 85 wt-%, about 2 to about 80 wt-%, about 10 to about 45 wt-%, about 15% to about 40 wt-%, about 20% to about 30 wt-%, about 30% to about 70%, about 40% to about 60%, up to about 50 wt-%, about 40% to about 50% 
       Carrier 
       [0144]    In some embodiments, the compositions of the present invention include a carrier. The carrier provides a medium which dissolves, suspends, or carries the other components of the composition. For example, the carrier can provide a medium for solubilization, suspension, or production of a sulfonated peroxycarboxylic acid and for forming an equilibrium mixture. The carrier can also function to deliver and wet the composition of the invention on an object. To this end, the carrier can contain any component or components that can facilitate these functions. 
         [0145]    In some embodiments, the carrier includes primarily water which can promote solubility and work as a medium for reaction and equilibrium. The carrier can include or be primarily an organic solvent, such as simple alkyl alcohols, e.g., ethanol, isopropanol, n-propanol, benzyl alcohol, and the like. Polyols are also useful carriers, including glycerol, sorbitol, and the like. 
         [0146]    Suitable carriers include glycol ethers. Suitable glycol ethers include diethylene glycol n-butyl ether, diethylene glycol n-propyl ether, diethylene glycol ethyl ether, diethylene glycol methyl ether, diethylene glycol t-butyl ether, dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether, dipropylene glycol methyl ether, dipropylene glycol ethyl ether, dipropylene glycol propyl ether, dipropylene glycol tert-butyl ether, ethylene glycol butyl ether, ethylene glycol propyl ether, ethylene glycol ethyl ether, ethylene glycol methyl ether, ethylene glycol methyl ether acetate, propylene glycol n-butyl ether, propylene glycol ethyl ether, propylene glycol methyl ether, propylene glycol n-propyl ether, tripropylene glycol methyl ether and tripropylene glycol n-butyl ether, ethylene glycol phenyl ether (commercially available as DOWANOL EPH™ from Dow Chemical Co.), propylene glycol phenyl ether (commercially available as DOWANOL PPH™ from Dow Chemical Co.), and the like, or mixtures thereof. Additional suitable commercially available glycol ethers (all of which are available from Union Carbide Corp.) include Butoxyethyl PROPASOL™, Butyl CARBITOL™ acetate, Butyl CARBITOL™, Butyl CELLOSOLVE™ acetate, Butyl CELLOSOLVE™, Butyl DIPROPASOL™, Butyl PROPASOL™, CARBITOL™ PM-600, CARBITOL™ Low Gravity, CELLOSOLVE™ acetate, CELLOSOLVE™, Ester EEP™, FILMER IBT™, Hexyl CARBITOL™, Hexyl CELLOSOLVE™, Methyl CARBITOL™, Methyl CELLOSOLVE™ acetate, Methyl CELLOSOLVE™, Methyl DIPROPASOL™, Methyl PROPASOL™ acetate, Methyl PROPASOL™, Propyl CARBITOL™, Propyl CELLOSOLVE™, Propyl DIPROPASOL™ and Propyl PROPASOL™. 
         [0147]    In some embodiments, the carrier makes up a large portion of the composition of the invention and may be the balance of the composition apart from the sulfonated peroxycarboxylic acid, oxidizing agent, additional ingredients, and the like. The carrier concentration and type will depend upon the nature of the composition as a whole, the environmental storage, and method of application including concentration of the sulfonated peroxycarboxylic acid, among other factors. Notably the carrier should be chosen and used at a concentration which does not inhibit the efficacy of the sulfonated peroxycarboxylic acid in the composition of the invention for the intended use, e.g., bleaching, sanitizing, disinfecting. 
         [0148]    In certain embodiments, the present composition includes about 5 to about 90 wt-% carrier, about 10 to about 80 wt % carrier, about 20 to about 60 wt % carrier, or about 30 to about 40 wt % carrier. It is to be understood that all values and ranges between these values and ranges are encompassed by the present invention. 
       Form of the Compositions 
       [0149]    The detergent and/or presoak compositions of the present invention may be of any suitable form, including paste, liquid, solid (such as tablets, powder/granules), foam or gel, with powders and tablets being preferred. The composition may be in the form of a unit dose product, i.e. a form which is designed to be used as a single portion of detergent composition in a washing operation. Of course, one or more of such single portions may be used in a cleaning operation. 
         [0150]    Solid forms include, for example, in the form of a tablet, rod, ball or lozenge. The composition may be a particulate form, loose or pressed to shape or may be formed by injection moulding or by casting or by extrusion. The composition may be encased in a water soluble wrapping, for, example of PVOH or a cellulosic material. The solid product may be provided as a portioned product as desired. 
         [0151]    The composition may also be in paste, gel or liquid form, including unit dose (portioned products) products. Examples include a paste, gel or liquid product at least partially surrounded by, and preferably substantially enclosed in a water-soluble coating, such as a polyvinyl alcohol package. This package may for instance take the form of a capsule, a pouch or a molded casing (such as an injection molded casing) etc. Preferably the composition is substantially surrounded by such a package, most preferably totally surrounded by such a package. Any such package may contain one or more product formats as referred to herein and the package may contain one or more compartments as desired, for example two, three or four compartments. 
         [0152]    If the composition is a foam, a liquid or a gel it is preferably an aqueous composition although any suitable solvent may be used. According to an especially preferred embodiment of the present invention the composition is in the form of a tablet, most especially a tablet made from compressed particulate material. 
         [0153]    If the compositions are in the form of a viscous liquid or gel they preferably have a viscosity of at least 50 mPas when measured with a Brookfield RV Viscometer at 25° C. with Spindle 1 at 30 rpm. 
         [0154]    Some of the compositions of the invention will typically be used by placing them in a detergent dispenser e.g. in a dishwasher machine draw or free standing dispensing device in an automatic dishwashing machine. However, if the composition is in the form of a foam, liquid or gel then it may be applied to by any additional suitable means into the dishwashing machine, for example by a trigger spray, squeeze bottle or an aerosol. 
         [0155]    The pre-soak composition is preferably used with a strainer or basket inside of a receptacle that keeps the fabric suspended while soaking 
       Processes of Making Cleaning Compositions 
       [0156]    The compositions of the invention may be made by any suitable method depending upon their format. Suitable manufacturing methods for detergent/pre-soak compositions are well known in the art, non-limiting examples of which are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,879,584; 5,691,297; 5,574,005; 5,569,645; 5,565,422; 5,516,448; 5,489,392; and 5,486,303. Various techniques for forming detergent compositions in solid forms are also well known in the art, for example, detergent tablets may be made by compacting granular/particular material and may be used herein. 
         [0157]    In one aspect, the liquid detergent compositions disclosed herein may be prepared by combining the components thereof in any convenient order and by mixing, e.g., agitating, the resulting component combination to form a phase stable liquid detergent composition. Preferrably the mixture is done by blending all liquids into a premix, with the alkalinity source added last, and this is then flowed by addition of any solids and finally by the addition of the whitening agent/chlorine. 
         [0158]    In one aspect, a liquid matrix is formed containing at least a major proportion, or even substantially all, of the liquid components, with the liquid components being thoroughly admixed by imparting shear agitation to this liquid combination. For example, rapid stirring with a mechanical stirrer may usefully be employed. While shear agitation is maintained, substantially all of any anionic surfactant and the solid ingredients can be added. Agitation of the mixture is continued, and if necessary, can be increased at this point to form a solution or a uniform dispersion of insoluble solid phase particulates within the liquid phase. After some or all of the solid-form materials have been added to this agitated mixture, particles of any enzyme material to be included, e.g., enzyme prills are incorporated. As a variation of the composition preparation procedure described above, one or more of the solid components may be added to the agitated mixture as a solution or slurry of particles premixed with a minor portion of one or more of the liquid components. After addition of all of the composition components, agitation of the mixture is continued for a period of time sufficient to form compositions having the requisite viscosity and phase stability characteristics. Frequently this will involve agitation for a period of from about 30 to 60 minutes. 
       Use Compositions 
       [0159]    The compositions of the present invention include concentrate compositions and use compositions. For example, a concentrate composition can be diluted, for example with water, to form a use composition. In an embodiment, a concentrate composition can be diluted to a use solution before to application to an object. For reasons of economics, the concentrate can be marketed and an end user can dilute the concentrate with water or an aqueous diluent to a use solution. 
         [0160]    The level of active components in the concentrate composition is dependent on the intended dilution factor and the desired activity of the active components of the concentrate. Generally, a dilution of about 1 fluid ounce to about 10 gallons of water to about 10 fluid ounces to about 1 gallon of water is used for aqueous compositions of the present invention. In some embodiments, higher use dilutions can be employed if elevated use temperature (greater than 25° C.) or extended exposure time (greater than 30 seconds) can be employed. In the typical use locus, the concentrate is diluted with a major proportion of water using commonly available tap or service water mixing the materials at a dilution ratio of about 3 to about 40 ounces of concentrate per 100 gallons of water. 
         [0161]    In some embodiments, when used in a laundry application, the concentrated compositions can be diluted at a dilution ratio of about 0.1 g/L to about 100 g/L concentrate to diluent, about 0.5 g/L to about 10.0 g/L concentrate to diluent, about 1.0 g/L to about 4.0 g/L concentrate to diluent, or about 1.0 g/L to about 2.0 g/L concentrate to diluent. 
         [0162]    In other embodiments, a use composition can include about 0.01 to about 10 wt-% of a concentrate composition and about 90 to about 99.99 wt-% diluent; or about 0.1 to about 1 wt-% of a concentrate composition and about 99 to about 99.9 wt-% diluent. 
         [0163]    Amounts of an ingredient in a use composition can be calculated from the amounts listed above for concentrate compositions and these dilution factors. In some embodiments, for example when used in a laundry application, the concentrated compositions of the present invention are diluted such that the sulfopercarboxylic acid is present at from about 20 ppm to about 80 ppm. In other embodiments, the concentrated compositions of the present invention are diluted such that the sulfopercarboxylic acid is present at about 20 ppm, about 40 ppm, about 60 ppm, about 80 ppm, about 500 ppm, about 1000 ppm, or about 10,000 to about 20,000 ppm. It is to be understood that all values and ranges between these values and ranges are encompassed by the present invention. 
       Applications 
       [0164]    In some aspects, the compounds and compositions can also be employed in bleaching and cleaning articles, e.g., textiles, which have become soiled. In a pre-soak situation, the articles are contacted with the pre-soak composition of the invention at use temperature of at least about 100° F. and no more than 140° F. for a period of time effective to whiten, clean and/or disinfect the articles. This time is preferably a minimum of 2 hours and a maximum of 8 hours. 
         [0165]    In some aspects, the compounds and compositions of the present invention can be used as a bleaching agent to whiten or lighten or remove stains from a substrate, e.g., hard surface, or fabric. The compounds of the present invention can be used to bleach or remove stains from any conventional textile, including but not limited to, cotton, poly-cotton blends, wool, and polyesters. The compounds of the present invention are also textile tolerant, i.e., they will not substantially degrade the textile to which they are applied. The compounds of the present invention can be used to remove a variety of stains from a variety of sources including, but not limited to, lipstick, pigment/sebum, pigment/lanolin, soot, olive oil, mineral oil, motor oil, blood, make-up, red wine, tea, ketchup, and combinations thereof. 
         [0166]    The compositions of the present invention can be used alone to treat the articles, e.g., textiles, or can be used in conjunction with conventional detergents suitable for the articles to be treated. The compounds and compositions of the invention can be used with conventional detergents in a variety of ways, for example, the compounds and compositions of the invention can be formulated with a conventional detergent. In other embodiments, the compounds and compositions of the invention can be used to treat the article as a separate additive from a conventional detergent. When used as a separate additive, the compounds and compositions of the present invention can contact the article to be treated at any time. For example, the compounds and compositions of the invention can contact the article before, after, or substantially simultaneously as the articles are contacted with the selected detergent. 
         [0167]    In some embodiments, when used as a bleaching composition the composition of the present invention will be present in a composition at about 5 ppm to about 1000 ppm. In other embodiments, when used as a bleaching agent for a laundry application, the composition will be present in a composition at about 25 ppm to about 100 ppm, or at about 20, about 40, about 60, or about 80 ppm. In still yet other embodiments, a compound or mixture of compounds of the present invention itself will be used as a bleaching agent, i.e., the compound or mixture of compounds will be present in a composition at about 100 wt %. 
         [0168]    Those skilled in the art will recognize, or be able to ascertain using no more than routine experimentation, numerous equivalents to the specific procedures, embodiments, claims, and examples described herein. Such equivalents are considered to be within the scope of this invention and covered by the claims appended hereto. The contents of all references, patents, and patent applications cited throughout this application are hereby incorporated by reference. The invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which should not be construed as further limiting. 
       EXAMPLES 
     Tergotometer Test Procedure 
       [0169]    PURPOSE: To measure detergency with the Tergotometer.
 
APPARATUS: Tergotometer with 1 L pots and water bath.
 
       PROCEDURE: 
       [0000]    
       
         1. The unwashed swatches from the lot numbers to be used in the test are read on the HunterLab Color Quest Spectrophotometer to establish the average initial (before washing) L value. A sampling of 25 of each swatch type is used. 
         2. The desired wash temperature is programmed into the Tergotometer and its water bath is allowed to heat up to that temperature. To program the temperature, press P on the controller. Press the up arrow key 6 times. A “6” will appear in the display. Press P 5 times to “AL-1”. The currently programmed temperature will appear in the display. Use the up and down arrows to adjust the temperature to the desired value. To exit, press P 9 times to “End”. Do not change any other settings in the controller as this may affect operation of the Tergotometer. A list of the default settings appears at the end of the method if any other than temperature are changed inadvertently. 
         3. One liter of the desired water type is added to each Tergotometer pot and allowed to equilibrate to the desired temperature. 
         4. The detergent systems are weighed out and added to the Tergotometer pots. The detergent systems are agitated for 30 sec to 1 minute (longer if necessary) to mix and dissolve. 
         5. Enter desired run time for detergent dissolution into the controller by pressing P1, enter run time, and press E, then R to begin agitation. Set agitation RPM with adjuster knob to 100, the standard RPM for most tests. The agitation RPM can be set to a different value if desired. 
         6. The swatches are added quickly to their respective pots in a left to right sequence in order to minimize differences in exposure time to the detergent systems. 
         7. Enter wash time as in step 5 and begin agitation immediately after adding swatches. 
         8. At the end of the run, the swatches are removed from the pots quickly in a left to right sequence using a forceps and are transferred into 500 mls-1 liter of cold water to rinse. One container of cold rinse water is used for each pot. The swatches are removed from the cold water and are further rinsed under cold tap water using a strainer or colander in a sink. 
         9. After rinsing with cold tap water, squeeze the excess water from the swatches. Repeat the rinse and squeeze process 2 more times. 
         10. Air dry the swatches on a visa napkin or paper towel on the lab bench. Alternatively, the swatches can be placed in a tightly sealed mesh bag and dried in a lab dryer. 
         11. The swatches are read on the HunterLab Color Quest and % soil removal is calculated from the difference between the initial (before washing) L value and the final L value (after washing). See HunterLab procedure for further details. 
       
     
       Tergotometer Controller Programming Defaults 
     Default Settings for Module 6—Temperature Programming Module: 
       [0181]      
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
               
                 Controller 
                   
                 Default 
               
               
                 Display 
                 Definition 
                 Setting 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 trAC 
                 Alarm tracking 
                 No 
               
               
                 dISP 
                 Display alarm 
                 Yes 
               
               
                 LAtC-1 
                 Auto or manual reset, AL-1 
                 No 
               
               
                 ASN-1 
                 Assignment to input or totalizer 
                 Input 
               
               
                 AL-1 
                 Alarm 1 value (tergo water bath temp) 
                 User selected 
               
               
                 HYS-1 
                 Hysteresis value for AL-1 
                 0.1F 
               
               
                 Act-1 
                 High or low acting alarm, AL-1 
                 Low 
               
               
                 LAtC-2 
                 Auto or manual reset - AL-2 
                 Yes 
               
               
                 ASN-2 
                 Assignment to input or totalizer 
                 Input 
               
               
                 AL-2 
                 Alarm 2 value (high temp cut-off) 
                 180.0 F. 
               
               
                 HYS-2 
                 Hysteresis value for Alarm-2 
                 0.1F 
               
               
                 Act-2 
                 High or low acting alarm, AL-2 
                 High 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Reading Swatches on the Hunterlab 
       [0182]    PURPOSE: To measure reflectance of test swatches.
 
APPARATUS: HunterLab Colorquest XE spectrophotometer.
 
       PROCEDURE: 
       [0000]    
       
         1. Login to network, and open Universal software. 
         2. Standardize (calibrate) the HunterLab unit if it has not been standardized in the previous 4 hours. Click Sensor, Standardize from the tool bar menu and a pop-up menu will appear. If standardizing with the effect of optical brightener excluded (the most common setting with soil removal swatches), make sure that 420 nm and In are clicked on in the UV Filter section of the menu. If standardizing with the effect of optical brightener included, click UV Filter: Nominal. This setting simulates the UV content of daylight. 
         3. Pop-up menus will guide you as to when to place the Light Trap and White Standard at the reflectance port. Place the standard&#39;s guide pins into the holes above the reflectance port to properly align the standards. Make sure the standards are clean and don&#39;t touch the standard surfaces with your fingers. 
         4. Click on Read from the tool bar to bring up the pop-up window, and make sure that ID has a check mark by it. Click on this option to add or remove the check mark. 
         5. From Read on the tool bar, click on the Sample ID Method., and choose Autoincrement ID. In the ID 1st part field, enter the swatch type followed by a-. Example: DMO-. In the 2nd part field, fill in 000, or 1 less than the 1st number in swatch series. Example: if the 1st number of the swatch series is 101, fill in 100. 
         6. The Autoincrement ID option will allow reading a numbered series of swatches in numerical order within that swatch type, and the software will automatically number the results for you. If you need to read another set of swatches of a different type, repeat step 5 with the new set. 
         7. If you will be averaging multiple readings from the same swatch, make sure the Average option is checked in the pop-up window from Read on the toolbar. Click on this option to add or remove the check mark. If you are reading each swatch once only, make sure the Average option is unchecked. Leave all options other than ID or Average unchecked. 
         8. If averaging, navigate from Read on the tool bar to Average Method. Indicate in the pop-up window the number (n) of readings you want averaged. This will most commonly be 2 or 4. Leave all other settings in the pop-up window unchanged. 
         9. Read the swatches on the instrument by folding them in quarters and placing them in front of the reflectance port with the sample holder securing them in place. Read the top surface only of the swatch. With most swatches the top surface will be defined by a clipped corner at the upper left side. If making multiple readings on the same swatch and averaging, turn the swatch to read different quarters of the top surface. 
         10. Read the swatch on the instrument by either clicking on the Read Sample icon on the tool bar or by pushing the green button on the upper left side of the instrument. 
         11. If averaging multiple readings from the same swatch, a pop-up window will appear after the first reading. Click on “read” from the pop-up window, turning your swatch each time to read a different quarter. When the number of readings to be averaged is complete, click “accept” to receive the averaged numbers. The green button on the upper left of the instrument can also be used for the “read” and “accept” functions. 
         12. The data generated will appear as L*, a*, b*, WI 313, YI 313, and Z %. See the end of this method for an explanation of each. 
         13. When done reading all swatches, highlight all the data that you wish to save and click Edit, Copy. 
         14. Open Excel by clicking on its icon, and paste the data into the spreadsheet. Sort the data if desired. Save the Excel file to a folder on the X drive that you have access to so that you can access the file from your PC. If you don&#39;t have access to X drive, save the data to a floppy disk. 
         15. Close Excel and the Universal software. When closing Universal, the following message will appear: “Do you want to exit without saving unsaved samples?” Click Exit, and shutdown computer in the Restart mode. 
       
     
       Data Glossary: 
       [0198]    L*—The light to dark number in the color solid. 0=totally black, 100=totally white. This is the number used for Percent Soil Removal calculations. 
         [0199]    a*—The red to green number in the color solid. A positive number is toward red and a negative number is toward green. b*—The yellow to blue number in the color solid. A positive number is toward yellow and a negative number is toward blue. 
         [0200]    WI 313—Whiteness Index. This an index of overall whiteness that also takes the “b” number into account. The higher the number, the whiter the sample. 
         [0000]    YI 313—Yellowness Index. This an index of overall yellowness that also takes the “b” number into account. The higher the number, the yellower the sample.
 
Z %—An index of whiteness not generally used for laundry applications.
 
       Percent Soil Removal Formula: 
       [0201]      Percent Soil Removal=( L  after− L  initial)/(96 −L  initial)*100
 
       Sensor Standardization Defaults: 
       [0202]    For UV Excluded: For UV Included: 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Mode: RSIN 
                 Mode: RSIN 
               
               
                   
                 Area View: Large 
                 Area View: Large 
               
               
                   
                 Port Size: 1.00″ 
                 Port Size: 1.00″ 
               
               
                   
                 UV Filter: 
                 UV Filter: 
               
               
                   
                 420 nm 
                 Nominal 
               
               
                   
                 In 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Average Method Settings: 
       [0203]    Display Method:
       Scale       
 
         [0205]    Selection: CIELAB 
         [0206]    Illuminant: D65 
         [0207]    Observer: 10 degree 
         [0000]                                                                                                  Active           use   ppm   CL per   CL       Pre-Soak   CL   ppm   Amount Used   sin   use   gallon   ppm                                ASR Laundry Pre-Soak   Exp.   5.91%   59,100   15 gr or 0.61 oz   0.39%   3900   0.02%   230.5       (China B)       QSR Laundry Pre-Soak   Exp.   5.91%   59,100   25 gr or 0.88 oz   0.66%   6600   0.04%   390       (China B)       Powder Bleach   924727   9.53%   95,300   69.45 gr or 2.45 oz   1.83%   18300   0.17%   1743       Kay-5   924736   3.43%   34,200   28.4 gr or 1 oz   0.75%   7500   0.03%   256               1 gal = 3785 gr       1 oz = 28.4 gr       1 gal = 30 oz       0.01 = 100 ppm            
Exp. China B
 
       Sum of Subst*frmlvl 
       [0208]      
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
               
                 Short Desc 
                 CASRN 
                 Total 
                 User-Defined Description 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 SODIUM CARBONATE 
                 497-19-8 
                 64.77 
                 troclosene sodium, 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 dehydrate 
               
               
                 troclosene sodium, dihydrate 
                 51580-86-0 
                 10.677904 
                 sodium sulfate 
               
               
                 SODIUM SULFATE 
                 7757-82-6 
                 7.402042 
                 sodium 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 dodecylbenzenesulfonate 
               
               
                 SODIUM 
                 25155-30-0 
                 4.86 
                 alcohols, c12-16, 
               
               
                 DODECYLBENZENESULFONATE 
                   
                   
                 ethoxylated 
               
               
                 alcohols, c12-16, ethoxylated 
                 68551-12-2 
                 3.6 
                 poly(oxy-1,2- 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 ethanediyl), a-(2- 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 propylheptyl)- 
               
               
                 poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), a-(2- 
                 160875-66-1 
                 2.4 
                 sodium bisulfite 
               
               
                 propylheptyl)-w-hydroxy- 
               
               
                 SODIUM BISULFITE 
                 7631-90-5 
                 1.87202864 
                 octane 
               
               
                 Octene 
                 111-66-0 
                 1.664393841 
                 sodium polyacrylate 
               
               
                 SODIUM POLYACRYLATE 
                 9003-04-7 
                 0.95 
                 cellulose gum 
               
               
                 CELLULOSE GUM 
                 9004-32-4 
                 0.63 
                 sodium chloride 
               
               
                 SZ-30705 
                   
                 0.25 
               
               
                 SODIUM CHLORIDE 
                 7647-14-5 
                 0.38622904 
                 disodium 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 distyrylbiphenyl 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 disulfonate 
               
               
                 DISODIUM DISTYRYLBIPHENYL 
                 27344-41-8 
                 0.288 
                 sodium citrate 
               
               
                 DISULFONATE 
               
               
                 SODIUM CITRATE 
                 68-04-2 
                 0.27 
                 phosphoric acid 
               
               
                 t-butyl peroxybenzoate 
                 614-45-9 
                 0.081661244 
                 hydrogen peroxide 
               
               
                 HYDROGEN PEROXIDE 
                 7722-84-1 
                 0.077493815 
                 sodium hydroxide 
               
               
                 SODIUM HYDROXIDE 
                 1310-73-2 
                 0.05885935 
                 octane 
               
               
                 FD&amp;C Blue number 1 Al Lake 
                   
                 0.05 
               
               
                 Octane 
                 111-65-9 
                 0.016812059 
                 glycolic acid, 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 monosodium salt 
               
               
                 glycolic acid, monosodium salt 
                 2836-32-0 
                 0.00252 
                 peg/ppg-28/21 acetate 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 dimethicone 
               
               
                 PEG/PPG-28/21 Acetate 
                 68037-64-9 
                 3.61572E−05 
                 dimethiconol 
               
               
                 Dimethicone 
               
               
                 Dimethiconol 
                 70131-67-8 
                 2.41048E−05 
                 dimethicone 
               
               
                 Dimethicone 
                 63148-62-9 
                 1.80786E−05 
               
               
                   
                   
                 1.20524E−06 
                 sodium caprylyl 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 sulfonate 
               
               
                 Sodium Caprylyl Sulfonate 
                 5324-84-5 
                 0 
                 aqua 
               
               
                 AQUA 
                 7732-18-5 
                 −0.53581862 
                 grand total 
               
               
                 Grand Total 
                   
                 99.99366777 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       QSR Laundry Pre-Soak Testing Objectives 
       [0000]    
       
         
           
             How does Pre-Soak impacts performance 
             How does Pre-Soak and wash with QSR Laundry compares to Pre-Soak with APSC and wash with ST-PB 
             How does performance compare to NO Pre-Soak and QSR Laundry Canada Wash 
             What is the best Pre-Soak Time 
             What size is the optional Pre-Soak sachet 
             Obtain statistical significant difference in performance 
             Meet QSR Laundry Canada Performance 
             Exceed Solid Towel+Powder Bleach Performance 
           
         
       
     
       QSR Laundry Pre-Soak Testing Parameters 
       [0000]    
       
         
           
             3 Pre-Soak Times: 2, 4 and 8 hours 
             3 Pre-Soak QSR Laundry sachet sizes: 15, 25 and 45 gr 
             8 swatches per condition tested 
             Test wash with best extruded set-point: 8 
             Test current procedure: Pre-Soak APSC, Wash Solid Towel+Powder Bleach Boost 
           
         
       
     
       Stats 
     Results for: All Data 
       [0222]    One-way ANOVA: % Soil Removal versus Product 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Source 
                 DF 
                 SS 
                 MS 
                 F 
                 P 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Product 
                 5 
                 2401 
                 540 
                 2.31 
                 0.044 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Results for: All Data (Soil=Ketchup) 
       [0223]      
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Source 
                 DF 
                 SS 
                 MS 
                 F 
                 P 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Product 
                 5 
                 418.7 
                 83.7 
                 4.19 
                 0.002 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Results for: All Data (Soil=Shortening) 
       [0224]      
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Source 
                 DF 
                 SS 
                 MS 
                 F 
                 P 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Product 
                 5 
                 1202.9 
                 240.6 
                 7.24 
                 0.000 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Results for: All Data (Soil=Grease) 
       [0225]      
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Source 
                 DF 
                 SS 
                 MS 
                 F 
                 P 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Product 
                 5 
                 69.72 
                 13.94 
                 3.96 
                 0.005 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Results for: All Data (Soil=Mustard) 
       [0226]      
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Source 
                 DF 
                 SS 
                 MS 
                 F 
                 P 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Product 
                 5 
                 2352. 
                 6470.5 
                 22.90 
                 0.000 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
               
                 Name 
                 Description 
                 Exp. Laundry PreSoak 
                 25 gr in 2.5 gal 
                 25 gr in 3 gal 
                 25 gr in 5 gal 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 113050 
                 Sod Carbonate 
                 64.88 
                 0.175176 
                 0.142736 
                 0.0888856 
               
               
                 173567 
                 Lin           C12-C16 Alch           7 Mole Ethox           
                 3.6 
                 0.00972 
                 0.00792 
                 0.004932 
               
               
                 170591 
                 Alcohol Ethoxylate 
                 2.4 
                 0.00648 
                 0.00528 
                 0.003288 
               
               
                 261330 
                 Floral Tide Revision Fragrance 
                 0.5 
                 0.00135 
                 0.0011 
                 0.000685 
               
               
                 171290 
                 Linear Alkyl Benzene Sulfonate, 
                 5.4 
                 0.01458 
                 0.01188 
                 0.007398 
               
               
                 230102 
                 Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulos           
                 0.63 
                 0.001701 
                 0.001386 
                 0.0008631 
               
               
                 250548 
                 Sodium Polyacrylate SCK 
                 1 
                 0.0027 
                 0.0022 
                 0.00137 
               
               
                 272013 
                 Distyryl Biphenyl Derivative BA           
                 0.32 
                 0.000864 
                 0.000704 
                 0.0004384 
               
               
                 271596 
                 FD&amp;C Blue number 1 Al Lake PA           
                 0.05 
                 0.000135 
                 0.00011 
                 0.0000685 
               
               
                 364980 
                 ACP-NP-ENF PREMIX 
                 21.22 
                 0.057294 
                 0.046684 
                 0.0290714 
               
               
                   
               
               
                             indicates data missing or illegible when filed 
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0000]                                                                                                                                      25 gr/3 gal   0.881 oz/384 oz   25 gr/10886 gr   0.22%                pH = 10.90                    25 gr/5 gal   0.881 oz/640 oz   25 gr/18143.36 gr   0.137%                pH = 10.81                    25 gr/2.5 gal   0.881 oz/320 oz   25 gr/9071.68 gr   0.27%                pH = 10.92                       1 oz = 28.349 gr           1 gal = 128 oz            
For 25 gr in 2.5 gallons
 
         [0000]                                                                                                                          Short Desc   CASRN   Total   User-Defined Description                                SODIUM CA             497-19-8   0.175176   sodium carbonate       troclosene s             51580-86-0   0.028830341   troclosene sodium, dihydrate       SODIUM SU             7757-82-6   0.020967504   sodium sulfate               0.019836208       SODIUM DO             25155-30-0   0.013122   sodium dodecyclbenzenesulfonate       alcohols, c1             68551-12-2   0.00972   alcohols, c12-16, ethoxylated       Sodium Cap             5324-84-5   0.006537251   sodium caprylyl sulfonate       poly(oxy-1,2             160875-66-1   0.00648   poly(oxy-1,2-ethanedlyl), a-(2-propylheptyl)-w-hydroxy-       SODIUM PO             9003-04-7   0.002565   sodium polyacrylate       CELLULOSE              9004-32-4   0.001701   cellulose gum            Floral Tide Revision Fragrance   0.00135                SODIUM CH             7647-14-5   0.001042818   sodium chloride            FD&amp;C Blue number 1 Al Lake PAL   0.000135                DISODIUM              27344-41-8   0.0007776   disodium distyrylbiphenyl disulfonate       SODIUM CIT             68-04-2   0.000729   sodium citrate       glycolic acid             2836-32-0   0.000006804   glycolic acid, monosodium salt       AQUA   7732-16-5   0.010714726   aqua       Grand Total       0.270261801                           indicates data missing or illegible when filed            
Pre Soak Time: 2, 4, 8 hours
 
Pre Soak Sachet Size: 15, 25, 45 grams
 
       Pre Soak Formula: China B 
       [0227]    Pre Soak Size: 3 gallons
 
Control: APSC Pre Soak 0.085 oz/gal with extruded wash
 
       Extruded Detergent: Setpoint 8 KJM35291/P061611 
     Extruded Detergent Size: 96 gr 
       [0228]    Control: No pre-soak with Canadian forumla 1112121
 
2 hour presoak
 
         [0000]                                                Terg Pot   Presoak   Wash                           1   15 gr- China B   Extruded 8           2   25 gr- China B   Extruded 8           3   45 gr- China B   Extruded 8           4   APSC 0.085 oz/gal   Extruded 8           5   None   Canada Laundry 1112121           6   APSC 0.085 oz/gal   ST + PB                        
4 hour presoak
 
         [0000]                                                Terg Pot   Presoak   Wash                           1   15 gr- China B   Extruded 8           2   25 gr- China B   Extruded 8           3   45 gr- China B   Extruded 8           4   APSC 0.085 oz/gal   Extruded 8           5   None   Canada Laundry 1112121           6   APSC 0.085 oz/gal   ST + PB                        
8 hour presoak
 
Results are shown graphically in  FIGS. 1-3 
 
       Example 2 
       [0229]    Diagrams of the process are shown in figures.
 
 FIG. 4A-4C  are photographs showing the presoak in holding containers according to the invention with swatches immersed.
 
         [0230]      FIG. 5  is a diagram showing steps may be used to perform the method of the invention. The soiled grill cloths and soiled towels are maintained in a container with presoak, then laundered and stored in a separate container for clean towels and grill cloths. 
         [0231]      FIG. 6  is another diagram showing the steps that may be practiced to perform the method of the invention. 
         [0232]      FIGS. 7A and 7B  are drawings of two embodiments of strainers that may be used according to the invention. The strainers are placed in the soiled towel and cloths container with the pre-soak solution and then may be used to remove the cloths and towels from the solution prior to the washing step.