Abstract:
A floor for a trailer, the floor comprising a plurality of cells, each of the cells having a top plate, a bottom plate, and a plurality of parallel vertical members extending between the top plate and bottom plate, the cells being welded to adjacent cells and to longitudinally extending beams. The structure permits the trailer to be relatively low compared to other known designs and provides for a more stable trailer in use.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0001]    The present invention relates to vehicles and more particularly, relates to flat bed trailers. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    Flat bed trailers are trailers which, in many instances, lack rigid or permanent side walls. Such trailers are particularly useful for larger and irregularly shaped goods which do not require complete protection from the elements. The trailers are also useful in the small yards where the trailer may be loaded or unloaded on either side thereof. Some of the trailers may have temporary protection by means of side walls which are fabricated out of a canvas or a canvas like material. 
         [0003]    Generally, the trailers have a first load carrying portion which is at a lower height than a second load carrying portion which is located at the front (adjacent the cab) of the trailer. The raised portion is necessary to provide the structural integrity for the unit. 
         [0004]    Naturally, the raised portion lessens the amount of space available for storage. Furthermore, it is at a height that is difficult for the driver to access. 
         [0005]    As will be appreciated, it is also desirable to have all of the trailer at a relatively low height so that the driver can readily obtain access thereto. This also increases the load capacity since the main restriction is height which must take into account overpasses and the like. Generally, in North America, the maximum height allowed is standardized at approximately 13.5 feet. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0006]    It is an object of the present invention to provide a trailer structure which has a deck of reduced height and which provides an improved stability to the tractor trailer. 
         [0007]    According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided an improvement in a trailer having a pair of longitudinally extending beams and wherein the beams extend substantially the length of the trailer and are of a reduced height adjacent the front of the trailer, the improvement being wherein the floor has a front section and a rear section, the floor comprising a plurality of cells, each of the cells comprising a top plate, a bottom plate, a plurality of parallel vertical members extending between the top plate and the bottom plate, each of the cells being welded to adjacent cells, the parallel vertical members extending transversely of the floor in the rear section, the parallel vertical members extending longitudinally of the floor in the front section. 
         [0008]    According to a further aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a trailer for hauling cargo, the trailer being designed to be connected to a tractor by means of a king pin, the trailer having a pair of I beams extending for a substantial portion of a length of the trailer, the I beams terminating short of the front of the trailer, a floor welded to the I beams, the floor comprising a plurality of cells, each of these cells comprising a top plate, a bottom plate, and a plurality of parallel vertical members extending between the top plate and the bottom plate, the cells being formed as cell modules, each of the cell modules being welded to adjacent modules. 
         [0009]    The trailer floor of the present invention presents substantial advantages compared to known trailer floors. Thus, the use of the cells eliminates the need for cross members to provide support for the floor. This, in turn, permits the trailer to be relatively low compared to other known designs. Thus, the total height to the top plate of the floor can be as low as 43″. This provides an arrangement which is inherently safer than designs having a higher floor. First of all, it permits the driver or other individual to easily gain access to the floor without the use of supplemental aids. Secondly, the relatively low height provides for a more stable trailer in use. Still further, the low height also permits the trailer to have a greater load carrying capacity. Still further, the trailer is of a relatively light weight compared to other known designs. 
         [0010]    The trailer floor may be formed of any suitable material having the strength characteristics required. A preferred material would be an aluminum extrusion as will be discussed in greater detail hereinbelow. 
         [0011]    As aforementioned, the floor of the present invention has two sections or portions. The rear portion constitutes the largest portion and utilizes two I beam structures which extend the longitudinal length thereof. The I beam structures are not conventional as will be described in the illustrated embodiment. The floor of this rear portion or section comprises a plurality of cells with each of the cells comprising a top plate, a bottom plate, a plurality of parallel vertical members which extend between the top plate and the bottom plate to thereby form the cells. The parallel vertical members extend transversely to the longitudinal direction of the beams. The cells are preferably formed (typically by extrusion) in a module of a minimum of three cells. These cell modules can then be secured to like modules by any suitable means. 
         [0012]    At the forward or front portion of the trailer, in a transition zone or area, the I beams taper to reduce their depth. 
         [0013]    The flooring in the transition zone section wherein the beams are of diminishing depth and also the front of the trailer is formed of cells as previously described to comprise a top plate, a bottom plate, a plurality of vertical members extending between the top plate and the bottom plate. However, in this portion or section of the floor, the parallel vertical members run parallel to the longitudinal direction of the trailer and beams. The cells are again preferably formed in modules with the modules being welded together. 
         [0014]    To provide for reinforcement for this section, a plurality of flat bars which are preferably spaced apart may extend in a transverse direction and are welded to the longitudinally extending cells. Preferably, these flat bars commence at a point where the beams have completely ceased to exist. 
         [0015]    In addition to the above, a reinforcing metal plate may extend from the front of the trailer over the flat bars, and onto a sloped portion of the beams. Again, the metal is welded as required. 
         [0016]    Although different sizes may be utilized, each of the cells in the front and transition zones is preferably formed such that the top plate and bottom plate have a thickness of between ⅛ inch and ½ inch. The cells also preferably have a width of between two and three inches. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0017]    Having thus generally described the invention, reference will be made to the accompanying drawings illustrating an embodiment thereof, in which: 
           [0018]      FIG. 1  is a perspective view, partially in section, of a trailer according to the present invention; 
           [0019]      FIG. 2  is a detailed view of the transition section; 
           [0020]      FIG. 3  is a cross-sectional view of a portion of an I beam structure; 
           [0021]      FIG. 4  is a perspective view of a portion of an I beam structure; 
           [0022]      FIG. 5  is a cross-sectional view of a cell structure; 
           [0023]      FIG. 6  is a perspective view of a cell structure; 
           [0024]      FIG. 7  is a side elevational view of a reinforcing plate used in the front and transition section; 
           [0025]      FIG. 8  is a perspective view thereof; 
           [0026]      FIG. 9  is a cross-sectional of the reinforcing bars utilized at the portion of the trailer immediately following the transition section; 
           [0027]      FIG. 10  is a perspective view thereof; 
           [0028]      FIG. 11  is a cross-sectional view of the cell structure utilized in the rear portion; 
           [0029]      FIG. 12  is a perspective view thereof; 
           [0030]      FIG. 13  is an exploded view of the trailer structure; 
           [0031]      FIG. 14  is a side view of an I beam structure; 
           [0032]      FIG. 15  is a perspective view of a further embodiment of a trailer according to the present invention; 
           [0033]      FIG. 16  is a detailed view of the transition section; 
           [0034]      FIG. 17  is a perspective view of a reinforcing plate used in the front and transition section; 
           [0035]      FIG. 18  is perspective view of the reinforcing bars utilized at the front portion of the trailer immediately preceding the transition section; 
           [0036]      FIG. 19  is a perspective view of the cell structure utilized in the rear portion; 
           [0037]      FIG. 20  is an exploded view of the trailer structure; and 
           [0038]      FIG. 21  is a side view of an I beam structure. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0039]    Referring to the drawings in greater detail and by reference characters thereto, there is illustrated in  FIG. 1  a trailer body and which trailer body is generally designated by reference numeral  10 . For purposes of clarity, the wheels and associated structure such as the axels are not shown. However, it will be understood that the trailer body would be mounted on a suitable structure. 
         [0040]    Trailer body  10  includes a pair of I beam structures  12  and  14  which are substantially identical and hence only I beam  12  will be described in detail herein. Transverse connecting members  15  extend between I beam structures  12  and  14 . I beam structure  12  includes a bottom flange portion  16 , a top flange portion  20 , and a web  18  extending therebetween. 
         [0041]    The bottom flange portion  16  is illustrated in  FIG. 3  and as may be noted, has a pair of protrusions  17  and  19  which are designed to receive therebetween web  18 . 
         [0042]    As may be seen from  FIG. 14 , I beam structures  12  and  14  extend for substantially their full depth for a length of the trailer. However, at the front end of the trailer, the depth of web  18  diminishes in what may be referred to as a transition section which is generally designated by reference numeral  21 . At the front end of the trailer, there is no I beam structure present. 
         [0043]    The floor has a rear portion generally designated by reference numeral  22  and a front portion generally designated by reference numeral  24 . It will be noted that the front portion  24  starts at the transition section  21 . 
         [0044]    A portion of the floor structure is illustrated in  FIG. 10  and reference will now be had thereto. As illustrated, the floor is comprised of a plurality of cell modules  26  each comprising three cells. There is provided a top plate  28 , a bottom plate  30  and vertical members  32 . Side walls  39  and  41  complete the structure. In side wall  39 , there is provided a recess  34  while in side wall  41 , a projection  36  is provided. Thus, projection  36  will seat within a corresponding recess  34  of an adjacent module and adjacent modules are welded together. 
         [0045]    The front portion  24  of the floor is also comprised of a plurality of cells; the structure is set forth in greater detail in  FIGS. 5 and 6 . As shown therein, the cell module  38  includes a top plate  40 , a bottom plate  42  and vertical members  44 . Side walls  49  and  51  complete the structure with a recess  46  being provided in side wall  49  and a projection  48  formed on side wall  51 . As to was the case previously, projections  48  are designed to mate with an adjacent recess  46  and again, adjacent modules are welded together. 
         [0046]    As will be noted, the shape of the two cell structures  26  and  38  are somewhat different. Thus, the structure shown in  FIGS. 11 and 12  is used for the rear portion  22  of the floor and generally are formed with both the top plate and the bottom plate preferably having a thickness of between ⅛ and ½ inch and wherein each of the individual cells has a width of between 2 and 3 inches. The height of each cell would be in the area of 1 to 3 inches with a preferred height of approximately 2 inches. 
         [0047]    Cell structure  38 , on the other hand, will have a thicker top plate and bottom plate and preferably each plate  40 ,  42  having a thickness of between ¼ and ½ inch and more preferably between 3/16 and 5/16 inch. The overall height would be in the range of 2½ to 4 inches with a preferred range being between 3 and 3½ inches. 
         [0048]    As may be seen in  FIG. 2 , at the end of transition section  21 , there are provided a plurality of flat bars ( FIGS. 8 and 9 )  56 , flat bars  56  being spaced from each other by a space  58 . 
         [0049]    At the front of the structure of the trailer body  10 , there is provided a metal plate generally designated by reference numeral  62  and which has a front portion  64  extending only partially the width of the trailer floor. Metal plate front section  64  is designed to accept a king pin  66 . Metal plate  62  also includes a metal plate central section  68  over flat bar  56 . An offset  70  is provided to account for the thickness difference of flat bars  56 . Finally, there is provided a metal plate rear section  72  which extends onto bottom flange  16  for a portion of the transition section  21 . 
         [0050]    Turning to the embodiment of  FIGS. 15 to 21 , similar reference numerals in the 100&#39;s are used to describe components similar to the embodiment of  FIGS. 1 to 14 . 
         [0051]    As shown in  FIG. 1 , there is provided a trailer body which is generally designated by reference numeral  110  and as in the previous embodiment, the wheels and associated structure are not shown. 
         [0052]    Trailer body  110  includes a pair of I beam structures  112  and  114  which are substantially identical. As in the previously described embodiment, there are provided transverse connecting members  115  which extend between I beam structures  112  and  114 . I beam structure  112  includes a bottom flange portion  116 , a top flange portion  120 , and a web  118  extending therebetween. 
         [0053]    As may be seen in  FIGS. 21 ,  15  and  16 , I beam structures  112  and  114  continue for the length of the trailer. The depth of web  118  diminishes in the transition section; however, the I beam structure continues forward as a single piece of material. As seen in profile in  FIG. 21 , I beam  112  has a slightly different configuration at both the front and the rear. Thus, at the rear (left side of  FIG. 21 ), web  118  has a slightly narrower depth compared to the middle section. At the front end, top flange portion  116  extends to the front of the trailer. 
         [0054]    A portion of the floor structure is illustrated in  FIG. 19 , and it will be noted that the floor is comprised of a plurality of cell modules each comprising four cells. Thus, there is provided a top plate  128 , a bottom plate  130 , vertical members  132 , and side walls  139  and  141 . In side wall  141 , there is provided a recess  134  while on side wall  139 , a projection  136  is provided. 
         [0055]    At the front of the trailer body, there is provided a metal plate generally designated by reference numeral  162  and which is substantially flat and rectangular. 
         [0056]    It will be understood that the above described embodiments are for purposes of illustration only and that changes and modifications may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.