Abstract:
An electric submersible progressive cavity pump assembly is disclosed, which includes an electric motor, a progressive cavity pump, a transmission rotatable by the motor, and a torque isolator coupled between the transmission and the progressive cavity pump, where the torque isolator includes resilient members which accommodate sudden changes in torque.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application claims priority to and the benefit of Great Britain Patent Application No. GB1607714.1, filed May 3, 2016, the entirety of which is hereby incorporated by reference as if fully set forth herein. 
         [0002]    The present specification relates to electrical submersible progressive cavity pumps, particularly the drive mechanism of electrical submersible progressive cavity pumps. 
       BACKGROUND 
       [0003]    Progressive cavity pumps (PCP) are a common form of artificial lift, they are particularly suited to heavy oils, solids such as sand with the production fluid and high gas oil ratios. They are commonly driven from surface using rods rotated by an electric motor via a gearbox. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0004]    To use the PCP in more challenging wells such as deviated or horizontal it is better to power the PCP using an electrical submersible motor via a gearbox. 
         [0005]    However, the transmission suffers from catastrophic failures because of the fluctuating speeds and loads caused by passing solids, liquids and gases though the pump. 
         [0006]    The use of PCP pumps driven by conventional electric submersible pump (ESP) motors was first attempted by a Canadian operator in a heavy oil well in 1966, unfortunately with little success, and then to a much greater extent by Russian operators in the 1970s. However, only within the last decade have these downhole drive (DHD) PCP systems been more fully developed and successfully deployed on a commercial basis. Several major ESP vendors now market motors, gear boxes, and other equipment for DHD PCP systems. As a result, these systems have begun to see wider use. The entire surface unit drive system and rod string required in a conventional PCP system are replaced with a DHD unit that typically consists of:
       An Electrical submersible motor   A gearbox and flex-shaft assembly   A PCP unit.       
 
         [0010]    A key feature of the DHD systems is the gearbox/seal/flex-shaft assembly. Although various vendors use different designs and configurations for these components, the overall functions are typically the same:
       To isolate the motor oil from the well fluids   To provide a speed reduction between the motor and the pump   To isolate the motor and gearbox from the pump&#39;s eccentric motion   To support the thrust load generated by the pump   To provide a path for the produced fluid to flow from the wellbore past the motor (i.e., for cooling) to the pump inlet       
 
         [0016]    The speed reduction is necessary because the electric motor normally rotates at 3,600, which is much higher than the ideal operating speed for PC pumps. The eccentric motion of the pump is typically absorbed by a specially designed flex-shaft or knuckle joint assembly positioned between the pump and the gear box. 
         [0017]    DHD systems offer certain advantages in applications in which neither an ESP nor a rod-driven PCP can be used optimally. For example, PC pumps generally perform better than conventional ESPs in viscous-oil, high-sand-cut, or high-GOR applications. In deviated or horizontal wells, the rod strings required in surface-driven PCP systems create potential for severe wear or fatigue problems, particularly if there is a large differential pressure on the pump. In such cases, a DHD system may offer a better overall solution by combining the pumping capabilities of a PC pump with the benefits of a rodless drive system. Eliminating sucker rods also results in lower flow losses, which may allow less expensive, smaller-diameter production tubing to be used. In addition, there are no backspin safety issues because the rotating parts are all run downhole. A DHD system also eliminates the need for a stuffing box at surface, thereby reducing the potential for leaks. Drawbacks of the DHD systems include: 
         [0018]    The additional capital and servicing costs associated with the power cable for the downhole motor 
         [0000]    Some size restrictions
 
Additional coordination between the ESP and PCP vendors for equipment design, supply, installation, and service (in most cases)
 
         [0019]    In practice, these systems are normally used only in higher-rate applications because their use in low-productivity wells generally is not economical. 
         [0020]    It is imperative to design a DHD system properly because changing equipment once the system has been installed in a well is costly. Once installed, speed control can be achieved only with a variable-frequency drive. It is important to ensure that the cable and seal systems chosen are compatible with the well fluids to prevent premature system failure. 
         [0021]    There must be liquid flow past the motor at all times during operation to ensure that the motor is adequately cooled. Typically it is recommend a 0.3 m/s [1 ft/s] minimum liquid flow velocity past the motor, but this recommendation is based on high-water-cut ESP system designs in which the flow is turbulent. With viscous oil, it is possible that the flow will be laminar, even at 0.3 m/s [1 ft/s], which may result in insufficient motor cooling and thus increased potential for motor failure. 
         [0022]    Shrouded systems may be used when seating the pump below the perforations is desirable or when the flow velocity past the motor is expected to be too low for adequate cooling. Note, however, there may be additional flow losses through the shroud that should be taken into consideration. During installation of DHD systems, the susceptibility of the power cable to damage is a concern; thus, particularly in directional- and horizontal-well applications, the use of cable protectors is recommended. 
         [0023]    In addition, the gearbox can suffer from catastrophic failure because of the fluctuating speeds and loads caused by passing solids, liquids and gases though the pump. 
         [0024]    It is therefore the objective of this invention to decouple the rigid coupling of the motor and transmission and the pump. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0025]    According to one aspect of the invention a soft drive is incorporated into the downhole part of a rod driven PCP. 
         [0026]    According to another aspect of the invention the soft drive comprises a lead or ball screw which reacts against a stack of Bellville washers and transmits drive to the pump through a slot arrangement. 
         [0027]    According to another aspect of the invention an electric motor, connects to a gearbox, connects via a lead or ball screw assembly incorporating a resistance spring and slot connection to a progressive cavity pump. 
         [0028]    According to a further aspect of the invention, the motor and gearbox are decoupled from the PCP using a soft drive or torque isolator tool. 
         [0029]    According to a further aspect of the invention, the motor and gearbox rotate at a constant speed and any fluctuations are accommodated by the soft drive tool 
         [0030]    According to a further aspect of the invention, a torque isolator (soft drive tool) protects the transmission from torque spikes generated during the pumping process. 
         [0031]    This allows the use of a very high speed motor to minimise its length and cost. The output length of the motor remains constant. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0032]    By way of example the following figures will be used to describe embodiments of the invention. 
           [0033]      FIG. 1  is a section side view of the umbilical deployed electric powered PCP with a decoupled drive between the transmission and PCP. 
           [0034]      FIG. 2  is section side view of the tool assembly shown in  FIG. 1  shown adjacent to the downhole position it would be in the well. 
           [0035]      FIG. 3  is a section side view of a well with a surface driven PCP via rods installed down the centre of the production tubing, with the torque isolator tool installed at the lower end of the rods and above the PCP. 
           [0036]      FIG. 4  is a section side view of the torque isolator tool in more detail. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0037]    Referring to  FIGS. 1 and 4 , there is shown an electric pumping assembly consisting of the following sub-assemblies, a progressive cavity pump (PCP)  1 , a torque isolator  2 , a transmission  3 , a permanent magnet motor  4 , a telescopic joint  5 . 
         [0038]    The PCP  1  is a standard type assembly, and consists of an outer housing  10 , which connects to a lower housing  11  which stings into a polished bore receptacle  12  and seal  13  isolate the pump inlet  14  from the pump discharge  15 . The upper end of the housing is attached to lower housing of the torque isolator tool  2  via a connection assembly  16  The output shaft from the torque isolator  80  connectors to a flexible shaft  17 , which in turn rotates the eccentric rotating PCP pump shaft  18 . 
         [0039]    The torque isolator or soft drive tool  2  has an output spline coupling  18  which engages with the internal spline of the flexible shaft  17 . The output shaft  80  has a rotating seal  81  which seals against the bore  82  of the outer housing  83 . The output shaft  80  is retained axially by circlips  84  and  85  which act against needle roller bearings  86 ,  87 , and radially by ball bearings  100 ,  101 . A slot  88  is cut into the internal end of the output shaft  80 . The output shaft from the lead screw  90  locates in the slot  88  and provides the drive from the lead screw to the output shaft. Needle roller bearings  91 ,  92  are mounted in the flat section of the lead screw output shaft  90  and reduce the friction between these two running surfaces. The output shaft  90  from the lead screw is supported in the bore  82  by two sets of roller bearings  93 ,  94 , and connects to the lead screw nut  95 , by counter sunk screws  96 . The lead screw nut reacts against a stack of Bellville washers  97 . The lead screw thread  98  is the output shaft of the transmission  3 . In normal operation, the motor will be driving the load and the reactive torque will cause the lead screw to compress the Bellville washers until they equal the force generated by the reactive torque. If there are any sudden torque spikes, the Bellville washers will compress some more and then relax again once the spike has passed. The motor and transmission will continue to turn at a constant speed and not “see” any of these detrimental effects. 
         [0040]    The transmission  3  employs balls instead of geared teeth. The device consists of an input shaft  21  on which are splines  22  Engaged in these spines are two rings  23 , and  24  which have a 45 degree chamfered face  25  which makes a point contact with the balls  26 . The rings  23  and  24  are pre-loaded by Bellville washers  27  and  28 , which force the balls to contact the inner surface  29  of the outer housing  30 . The balls are retained in slots  31  of the planet carrier  32 . So in effect, the rings  23  and  24  act as the sun gear, the balls  26  as the planet, and the inner surface  29  of the outer housing as the outer ring. As the input shaft  21  is turned, the balls  26  rotate and drive the output shaft/ball carrier  32 . Special transmission oil is used to transmit torque called a traction fluid, which both protect the balls and the running surfaces from wear and also transmit torque as a result of its special properties. More detailed information about these types of traction fluids can be found by referring to one of the following patents U.S. Pat. No. 7,645,395: Variable transmission traction fluid composition, U.S. Pat. No. 6,828,283: Traction fluid with alkane bridged dimer, U.S. Pat. No. 6,623,399: Traction fluids. Many other examples also exist, especially for high temperature applications. This oil is contained in the chamber  33  which also has a pressure compensation piston  34  to equalise the pressure in the chamber with the pressure outside the housing  30  via a communication port  35 . 
         [0041]    The transmission connects to the output shaft of the permanent magnet motor, this is very conventional in design. It consists of a rotor shaft  40  on which are mounted permanent magnets  41  adjacent to the stator section  42  the shaft is supported both axially and radially at both ends by bearings  43 ,  44 . The stator is retained in the housing  45 , and motor windings  46  pass through the stator. The motor is controlled from surface and receives it power through a cable  47  which is also used to lower the assembly into the well. It will also be appreciated, that the assembly could also be run conventionally on the end of tubing with the power cable strapped to the outside of the tubing.