Abstract:
A Liquid Nitrogen Enabler Apparatus is disclosed herein, wherein the apparatus may be configured to protect the earth, people and property. The apparatus is configured to distribute liquid nitrogen that converts to nitrogen gas to achieve its desired effects. Nitrogen gas carries the temperature, the inertness, and the tendency to cloud, gather amongst itself with the exclusion of other gases. Combining the thermal qualities with the inertness of the nitrogen gas, fires and other such crises are handled. There are various advantages associated with treating fires and other such crises with liquid nitrogen such as that when the liquid nitrogen converts into a gaseous form and is applied to a fire draft, rather than directly to the fire itself. The fire draft will pull the gaseous nitrogen into the fire, thus ending the burn.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0001]    1. Field of the Invention 
         [0002]    Nitrogen chemistry has a wide range of inorganic, organic and bio chemical configurations, some of which are explosive as TNT. The ground state of Nitrogen chemistry is molecular Nitrogen, N 2 , which is as inert as Argon, a noble gas, and is so stable that it can only be “fixed”, i.e., combined in a reaction with other elements, in nature through lightning or by specific microbes such as rhizome bacteria in plant root systems such as beans and peanuts. Nitrogen, liquid or gaseous, does not conduct electricity, making it ideal for use against electrical fires and for preserving IT equipment in a fire. Therefore, using molecular Nitrogen to handle a wide variety of crises is relatively safe and efficient. 
         [0003]    Thermally, Liquid Nitrogen temperature ranges between −210° C. and −195.8° C. At temperatures above −195.8° C. it evaporates into gaseous Nitrogen, which then changes to ambient temperatures. No natural temperature on earth is in the same liquid/gas conversion range as Nitrogen, which makes Nitrogen a reliable element to use even in the coldest climates. Gaseous Nitrogen best fights fires and penetrates such events without direct application. In winter, freezing water sources have often presented various problems. For instance, water supplies may be frozen. In addition, applying water to fires and other such events may result in creating a frozen structure and may freeze the ground surfaces nearby, thus making subsequent walking and driving in the general area perilous. Furthermore, freezing water that is applied to structures may result in damage to the structural integrity of the structures. 
         [0004]    Economically, the liquification of gases is an established industry worldwide. Air Products and Chemicals, Linde/BOC, and Praxair are examples of companies in the field with distributors throughout most states in the United States and around the world. Retail costs for small quantities from distributors often costs approximately $4 per liter, while routinely distributed Liquid Nitrogen costs around $1 per gallon and bulk purchases can cost as little as $0.35 per gallon. 
         [0005]    Some fires are so severe, that if they are fought with water, the community water supplies can be exhausted. If seawater or the like is used, its salts may pollute the surrounding land. However, if Liquid Nitrogen is used, less liquid is required because the liquid nitrogen becomes gaseous Nitrogen which expands to 250 times the volume of liquid. A 7,500-gallon load of Liquid Nitrogen provides 1,875,000 gallons of Nitrogen gas, at $0.0014 per gallon. In addition, when using liquid nitrogen, there is neither flooding nor icing since the residual material is Nitrogen gas. 
         [0006]    Physiologically, Nitrogen molecules cluster (band together) expelling other material both as liquid and gas. As a liquid, the liquid has a high surface tension, bubbling like water on a water-sealed surface. As such, other materials are either kept to the outer surface or grouped in the liquid as large spherical inclusions. Inclusions can include, for example, dry ice (solid Carbon dioxide) or ice (solid water) from the surrounding air. Though the gaseous Nitrogen is clear, it too isolates contaminants making pure Nitrogen gas a safety concern. When using Nitrogen in large quantities or storing large quantities of Nitrogen, a breathing apparatus should be available to guarantee Oxygen availability. 
         [0007]    Clustering and evaporation combine to protect warm surfaces from being radically cooled when Liquid Nitrogen passes over them. Upon contact, a gaseous layer is formed between the Liquid Nitrogen and the warm surface. If the Liquid Nitrogen is separated into drops and allowed to fall to the surface, it evaporates and targets the cold at the spot below the drop and cold gas emanates from that location. 
         [0008]    The present invention relates to a cryo-technology apparatus for applying liquid nitrogen to handle crises situations. For use with fires, it must evaporate the liquid into gas to counter the burn and take fuel to below ignition temperatures. For use in freezing situations, it is preferably packaged to provide maximum cold exposure to the material. For use with tornadoes, it must be applied without any water condensation on the applicators. For spill and toxin control its cold transfer must be optimum. For use in stack gas scrubbers, it must be cycled to remove the condensed material with proper receptacles. And for use with non-lethal weaponry, again, like with fires, it is the pure, inert gas where needed that makes the use effective. 
         [0009]    2. Discussion of the Related Art 
         [0010]    Patent application Ser. Nos. 11/544/285 and 11/706,723 disclose the following related art: U.S. Pat. No. 6,666,278 to Cicanese, U.S. Pat. No. 5,327,732 to DeAlmeida, U.S. Pat. No. 6,401,830 to Romanoff, and U.S. Pat. No. 5,197,548 to Volker. However, the aforementioned related art, suffers from various disadvantages. Such disadvantages are disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/544,285, which is hereby incorporated by reference. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0011]    In accordance with one aspect of the invention, an apparatus for dispersing liquid nitrogen with a sieve so as to divide the liquid nitrogen into streams of droplets provides rapid gasification of the liquid, thus preserving the low temperature in a temperature transferring form. As such, the temperature of burning matter is brought below its ignition temperature. In addition, it cools exposed chemicals such as oils to their solid or gel phase thus preventing their dispersion. In addition, it ends dispersal of toxins from aerosols. 
         [0012]    In another aspect of the present invention, an apparatus for dispersing liquid nitrogen with a sieve component to divide the liquid nitrogen into streams of droplets provides a clouding of gaseous nitrogen thus preserving the pure, homophobic, inert characteristics of the liquid nitrogen. Additionally, it isolates fuel from oxygen, stopping the burn. It also isolates cold areas of the dispersing apparatus to prevent frosting and icing. In addition, it dilutes and isolates released toxins within the nitrogen cloud. 
         [0013]    In another aspect of the present invention, the apparatus of the present invention disperses liquid nitrogen a long distance from a dewar, therefore delivering the nitrogen effectively with both a mobile apparatus and an apparatus assembled at the scene surrounding a fire. To handle large fires, such as wild land and forest, tall building, and petroleum, and chemical industrial fires, one places nitrogen gas into the fire draft, which pulls the nitrogen into the main burn to quell the fire. As such, the fire can be hundreds of feet from the nitrogen source. The fire draft is eliminated upon termination of the major burn of the fire, and the fire fuel is cooled. In fires such as these, it is then safe for firefighters to enter the fire zone and complete the control of the fire though embers may persist. Application of water to these spots may be used to eliminate the remaining embers. 
         [0014]    In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, the apparatus for dispersing liquid nitrogen has a means to lift an object to be cooled so it does not freeze to the ground. For example, this embodiment of the present invention may be used for clearing an unexploded ordnance such as landmines and Innovative Explosive Devices (IEDs), vehicle bombs and suicide bomber riggings. 
         [0015]    In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, the apparatus for dispersing liquid nitrogen can be built into a structure saving time in the event of fire or other crises such as gas leak or hostage crisis. In this embodiment, the liquid nitrogen is added to installed delivery equipment. Commercial and industrial facilities of all kinds can elect this, some even keeping the nitrogen supply on site. It is especially important for chemical and petroleum facilities, silos, and where there is routine use and storage of flammables. 
         [0016]    In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, cryogenic hoses can be purged of other gases by incorporating traps for liquid nitrogen that hold enough nitrogen to evaporate into nitrogen gas, which pushes other gases out of the hoses. 
         [0017]    In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, placement and portability of sieve units can target the evaporation of liquid nitrogen to make reliable, non-lethal weaponry useful in capturing threatening beings, animals or persons. 
         [0018]    In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, dispersal units can be placed in a matrix pattern to control large, long burning fires by systematic presentation of gaseous nitrogen into the porous rocks or material, ending the burn when oxygen is displaced by inert gas down into hot regions of the burn until the depths are at below ignition temperatures. 
         [0019]    In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, cooling of contaminated air, like stack gas, can be done by pulsing of cooling regions of a system pulling humidity from the air and dragging down adhering particles and dissolved substances, transferring the soot for disposal, water for purification and use, and carbon dioxide for photosynthetic conversion to robust plant structure and byproduct oxygen. 
         [0020]    In accordance with another aspect of the invention, cooling by contact with cold-transmitting pipe systems can allow an ice structure formed by the cryogenic cooling to block water flow through breaks in dams and dikes, halting of lava flow, developing solid cores in levees when threatened with hurricanes, and holding soil steady to prevent mudslides when weather situations are conducive. 
         [0021]    In accordance with another aspect of the invention, the use of tools to gather and retain the cold gas, hold water to lift organic spills, and tongs and skimmers to remove and store the unwanted material, prevents contamination, hastens control of small fires, hastens the cooling of containers to condense and solidify contents for proper containment, storage, and disposal. 
         [0022]    In accordance with another aspect of the invention, the apparatus of the present invention is configured to disperse cryogens into the atmosphere, for example, from an aircraft, to prevent icing of the apparatus by slow leaking liquid nitrogen into the protective tubing encasing the liquid nitrogen delivery hose. By flooding the delivery end of the dispersal equipment with evaporated nitrogen, the cold elements are bathed with inert nitrogen gas keeping the air with its content of water vapor away from the super cold apparatus on the aircraft. 
         [0023]    In yet another aspect of the present invention, the apparatus is used for unique warning of the dispersal of nitrogen such that both the visual signal and the audio signal convey “N” “2” repeatedly. Used universally, parties in range of use of liquid nitrogen can be suitably warned by these unique signals. 
         [0024]    These and other advantages and features of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the detailed description and the accompanying drawings. It should be understood, however, that the detailed description and accompanying drawings, while indicating preferred embodiments of the present invention, are given by way of illustration and not of limitation. Many changes and modifications may be made within the scope of the present invention without departing from the spirit thereof, and the invention includes all such modifications. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0025]    Preferred exemplary embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which like reference numerals represent like parts throughout, and in which: 
           [0026]      FIG. 1  is a drawing in several views of the pan for the fire extinguisher version of Liquid Nitrogen firefighting equipment, for one embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0027]      FIG. 2  is a drawing in several views of the half-circle wall mount for fixed fire control or for installing in a window at the time of a fire event or other event needing nitrogen flooding for another embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0028]      FIG. 3  is a drawing in several views of the trough and elbows for instant installable placement in the fire draft with telescoping-legged supports for the trough system of one embodiment of the trough design of the present invention; 
           [0029]      FIG. 4  is a drawing detailing the construction of the trough elbows and their installation in the trough system of another embodiment of the trough design of the present invention; 
           [0030]      FIG. 5  is a drawing of the lift-mounted wand, a mobile version of the trough system and possible Liquid Nitrogen feeder to an installed trough system or fixed fire control system, one view of one embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0031]      FIGS. 6   a - d  are schematic illustrations of the wand giving details of the construction, a second view of one embodiment of the invention illustrated in  FIG. 5 ; 
           [0032]      FIGS. 7   a - d  are schematic views of a circular trough design with specialty hydraulic leg units for small ordnance removal in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0033]      FIG. 8  is a schematic representation of fixed fire control using liquid nitrogen, another aspect of the trough design illustrated in  FIGS. 3 &amp; 4 ; 
           [0034]      FIG. 9  is a schematic representation of cryo-piping with a means of guaranteeing only nitrogen is the content of the pipe system, another aspect of fixed fire control design; 
           [0035]      FIG. 10  is a schematic representation of a light-weight sieve unit for use as a non-lethal weapon or distant small fire control, another aspect of the pan design in  FIG. 1 ; 
           [0036]      FIG. 11  is a schematic representation of a fixed non-lethal weapon system for aircraft and other areas of threat of terrorism, another embodiment of the pan unit of the present invention; 
           [0037]      FIG. 12  is a schematic representation of a pulsed applicator of liquid nitrogen for burning coalmines or other deep, long burning fires in the ground, another aspect of the pan design illustrated in  FIGS. 1 &amp; 11 ; 
           [0038]      FIG. 13  is a schematic representation of a stack gas scrubber removing contaminants from burning or other caustic exhaust, another embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0039]      FIG. 14  is a schematic representation of details of the scrubber unit showing details of construction the aspect of the scrubber design illustrated in  FIG. 13 ; 
           [0040]      FIG. 15  is a schematic representation of another embodiment of the present invention used to block flow through breaches in dams, dikes, and the like; 
           [0041]      FIG. 16  shows opposite threading of pipes to allow conforming the icing pipes to the dam or dike form to first, stop the flow from a breach, and second allow repair of the breach before melting the resulting ice barrier to water flow, of the embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 15 . 
           [0042]      FIG. 17  is a schematic representation another embodiment of the present invention showing means to freeze an ice core in a levee or weak soil area that might result in a mudslide where freezing is done as a crises approaches; 
           [0043]      FIG. 18  is a schematic representation of the embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 17  illustrating the use of a piping installation and freeze zone of the system; 
           [0044]      FIG. 19  is a schematic representation of the embodiment illustrated in  FIGS. 18 and 19  showing Liquid Nitrogen entry into the piping system; 
           [0045]      FIG. 20  is a schematic representation of another embodiment of the present invention for lava flow control; 
           [0046]      FIG. 21   a  is a schematic representation of another embodiment of the present invention wherein baffles and a containment means are used to stop the spewing of unwanted material in the air from an aerosol or canister, according to another embodiment of the present invention illustrated in  FIG. 1 ; 
           [0047]      FIG. 21   b  is a schematic representation of use of bottomless water containment baffles, skimmer and a containment means to stop the spread of unwanted material on the ground or pavement, according to another aspect of pan device illustrated in  FIG. 1 ; 
           [0048]      FIGS. 22   a - c  are schematic representations, wherein water filled fire hoses are used as the baffles according to a second embodiment of the apparatus in  FIG. 21   b;    
           [0049]      FIGS. 22   aa - bb  are schematic representations of alternative embodiments of the present invention illustrated in  FIGS. 1 ,  21 , wherein the nitrogen gas is used to surround a location where prevention of wind dispersal is necessary; 
           [0050]      FIG. 23   a - k  are schematic representations of another embodiment for repairing a broken pipe and baffling cold gas, according to another aspect of the present invention illustrated in  FIGS. 1 ,  22   aa - bb;    
           [0051]      FIG. 24  is a schematic representation of another embodiment of the present invention, wherein liquid nitrogen is applied to a tornado for disrupting the tornado; 
           [0052]      FIG. 25  is a schematic representation of a warning system for use during active application of liquid nitrogen; and 
           [0053]      FIG. 26  is a representation of the production methods for sieve areas to make holes using a press roll. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
       [0054]    Turning now to the drawings and initially to  FIGS. 1-4 , an apparatus for applying liquid nitrogen to a region using, for example, a galvanized sheet material, aluminum or composite, to form a container  14  for liquid nitrogen. The container  14  having small, spaced holes  11  configured to allow the liquid nitrogen to fall in spaced drop streams for rapid evaporation is illustrated. A solid trough  12  may form an extension that precedes the point where the liquid nitrogen is delivered to. All three configurations, the pan, the wall half circle and trough system can apply the liquid nitrogen directly on the event or, alternatively, create a cloud of nitrogen gas in such a location that it is drawn into the fire in the fire draft. 
         [0055]    Various configurations for the invention illustrated in  FIG. 1  are contemplated including supplying a dewar to hold the Liquid Nitrogen supply to facilitate portability of the unit as, for example, a fire extinguisher, wherein the fire extinguisher has a broader range of application than those presently known in the art. A holster  82  is provide, the holster having a means to secure the dewar  83  and a clip mechanism  84  to secure the pan. The pan must be durable and with sufficient strength to not flex in use, but hold a flat, sieve surface. Ties  111  connect the pan to the dewar to allow single hand use. This configuration is useful in many different applications as shown in  FIGS. 20-22 , which will be discussed further below. 
         [0056]      FIG. 2  illustrates a wall-mountable embodiment of the present invention that can be configured as a release segment of a fixed nitrogen system built into a structure. It has a wall mount  85  that secures it to the wall  86 . In plumbing the liquid nitrogen delivery system, a funnel or the like may be used to feed this unit to allow the space to be flooded with nitrogen gas.  FIG. 9  shows cyro-piping carrying the liquid nitrogen to this wall unit. A variation used by first responders allows the unit to be inset in a window during an event in a facility without fixed nitrogen crises control. 
         [0057]      FIGS. 3 &amp; 4  define a trough system to be assembled at a fire event to best fit around a burning structure or along a wild land fire. The trough system comprises, the brackets  25  which hold the trough units. In addition, the system preferably comprises telescoping legs  27  adjusted to heights such that the sequence of them holds the trough (1) above the fire draft height, and, (2) in an descending sequence with the high point where the liquid nitrogen is fed to the system and the low point at the ends of the trough. 
         [0058]    Second, the trough unit&#39;s leg lengths may be configured for both use with solid troughs  12  and sieve troughs  11 , wherein the sieve troughs  11  are configured to rain the liquid nitrogen down on a location to quell a fire or other such crises. In addition, the system comprises a plurality of elbow units  31 . The elbow units  31  are configured to conform the trough system to the event. As shown here, elbow units  31  comprise 180°, 135°, and 90° elbows  31 . Note that elbows drawn here have dual trough surfaces, i.e., the elbow units may be either solid or comprise a plurality of apertures. As such, fewer elbows will be required at the crisis scene. 
         [0059]    The trough assembly may totally surround a fire above the fire draft height so when filled with liquid nitrogen from a cryo-delivery truck, the fire draws nitrogen to every part and extinguishes the fire. Another design may border the fire above the fire draw on one side and quell the fire at that location before being moved to another side thereof. 
         [0060]      FIGS. 5 &amp; 6  disclose another embodiment of the present invention wherein the present invention includes a wand that can be extended to, preferably, fifty feet, or about sixteen meters. The wand has a wand tube sequence  24  that extends about forty feet, or about thirteen meters and a cross-sectioned rod  100  that carries the sieve trough units  11  another ten feet, or three meters. Brackets  25  connect the right sieve trough to its wand tube unit or cross rod  100  for the furthest one out. Preferably, the wand must extend from the highest point at the lift  91  and allows the liquid nitrogen to flow down hill to the end  100 . The lift is preferably mounted on a truck  88  and the like and is topped by a platform  92  where a pivot  9  is mounted holding a stand  94  with a fulcrum  95  attaching to the largest of the wand tubes  24 . This wand tube  24  is mounted in a counterbalance and has grips forming handlebars  93  and a cryo-tube  12  or feeder tube  15 , which pours the liquid nitrogen into the wand. The angle of the wand is secured by the angle set  90 , which is secured to the top of the pivot and the lower part of a first wand segment. As illustrated, the operator  87  directs the wand and controls the liquid nitrogen  1  flow. This flow control may be similar to the accelerator grip on a motorcycle or similar such mechanism. The operator is protected by a full body suit and headgear with oxygen supplied because of the nearness to the fire and possible nitrogen cloud wafting as the fire and winds vary. 
         [0061]    Details of the wand design are further defined in  FIG. 6  showing, first the wand tube  24  to counterbalance  99  connection with the cyro-tube  12  feedline and a valve  98  that slides up or down at the junction to control the level of liquid nitrogen in the counterbalance  99 . The liquid nitrogen component  1  and nitrogen gas component  10  show the fill circumstance with application of liquid nitrogen through the wand. The heavier the flow of Liquid Nitrogen through the tubes making that side of the fulcrum  95  heavier, the more liquid nitrogen is reserved in the counterbalance  99  by the valve  98 . 
         [0062]    An auto-trim tab or the like as used in aircraft can be used here to adjust the angle of the valve. Section b shows a cut-away view of the tubes of the wand and the placement of the cross rod  100 . Shown there and in section c is the nitrogen catch  96  which diverts part of the nitrogen flow to pass through the opening  97  exiting some of the liquid nitrogen at that point into the sieve trough  11  for that pipe segment. Note each pipe segment has a different part of the liquid nitrogen stream  1  diverted, with the last, feeding the sieve trough under the cross segment feeding out of the end of the last tube segment into the smallest sieve trough unit. Shown also is part of the wand tube mount, the housing  94  and the fulcrum  95 . 
         [0063]    Section d shows a wand configuration allowing the wand to feed either the wall unit of  FIG. 2  or the trough system configuration as shown in  FIGS. 3&amp;4 . The wand tube set  24  is turned 90° such that the catch  96  and opening  97  are not in the liquid nitrogen stream thus allowing the full volume of liquid nitrogen to flow out of the smallest tube segment. The liquid nitrogen  1  is shown entering a trough  11 . With this function, the wand sieve troughs  11  can be set aside if desired. 
         [0064]      FIGS. 7   a - d  illustrate another embodiment of the present invention wherein the apparatus is configured to postpone detonation of a discovered unexploded ordnance  101 . Minesweeping teams, fire departments, and the like may utilize the present embodiment of the present invention. A dewar  13  or similarly portable container can be used to deliver liquid nitrogen to this particular apparatus. A ring pan  102  is supported by a plurality of extendable legs  103  having hydraulic inserts  104 . The ring pan  102  is set in place encircling the ordnance at an elevation higher than that of the ordnance itself to ensure a constant air temperature as shown in section a. As shown in section b, oil or water are used to expand the inserts  105  until inserts  105  work their way under the ordnance and possibly lift it off the ground slightly. 
         [0065]    Section c shows liquid nitrogen  1  added from a dewar  13  and nitrogen gas  10  surrounding the ordnance. One might baffle the whole apparatus (see  FIG. 20   a ) to keep the nitrogen gas in the system longer thus cooling the ordnance faster. Note that the water or oil in the inserts is now frozen resulting in a basket effect for holding the ordnance  101 . 
         [0066]    Section d shows a hook tool  106  used to lift the whole apparatus and ordnance from the ground to enable a shovel or spatula type tool  107  to slide under it and then lift and place it in an appropriate detonation chamber or the like. The leg inserts prevent freezing the ordnance to the ground, which could cause the ordnance to detonate. This particular apparatus is preferably disposable so that the ordnance does not have to be removed from the holder prior to detonation and due to the decreased reliability of the leg inserts after being frozen. 
         [0067]      FIG. 8  shows fixed fire control hardware for buildings and other structures such as, for example a silo. Silo fires are potentially dangerous events where methane and other gases from rotting vegetation and infestation build up can cause spontaneous ignition. Proper plumbing for nitrogen purging on a periodic basis can reduce both the infestation and accumulation of methane and other gases. Some fires burn and leave the contents of the silo smoldering. Application of liquid nitrogen will reduce the oxygen level in the silo, which kills infestation and therefore reduces the probability of fire and returns the contents to temperatures below ignition temperature, thus decreasing the risk of a fire. 
         [0068]    Applying the fixed liquid nitrogen fire control system to commercial and industrial buildings would allow one to apply the liquid nitrogen to the region of the structure that is burning, to purge all or part of the structure in case of gas leak or even hostage crisis. Different from water sprinkler systems where water rains down on everything at any hotspot, liquid nitrogen will flood the area of the hot spot but not alter the contents or décor. Merchandise, electronics and paper supplies, records and equipment therefore will not be damaged. Were a facility to experience a gas leak, one could fill the structure with nitrogen making it safer to enter.  FIG. 8  shows the liquid nitrogen  1  entry into the system via a funnel  15 , a wall-conforming sieve trough  11  held in place with a molding  22  that allows sliding to expand to the wall configuration. In use, the liquid nitrogen rains down flooding the structure  75  interior with nitrogen gas  10 . 
         [0069]      FIG. 9  shows cryo-tubing  12 , wherein the cryo-tubing  12  is used to deliver liquid nitrogen to large, fixed liquid nitrogen fire control systems which can consist of either or both distribution hardware as shown in  FIG. 2  with the wall mounted unit and/or  FIG. 8  with the built in trough system. To insure against icing in the cryo-tubing, liquid nitrogen traps  16  are placed at elbows  31 . The length of the tubing  12  determines the depth of the trap  16  in that the length of the trap must be 1/250 th  of the tubing length to ensure nitrogen flooding of that segment of the tubing. After use of the system, the traps are full because the liquid nitrogen enters them during the flow. When the flow is completed, there is enough liquid nitrogen to evaporate and fill the tubes with nitrogen gas thus insuring humid air does not enter the tubes. A mono-directional valve at any open end will release line nitrogen gas and prevent air from entering the system. Thus the cryo-tubing is bathed in nitrogen gas at all times when not in use. 
         [0070]      FIG. 10  is another embodiment of the present invention wherein the apparatus may be used as a non-lethal weapon or can be used to extinguish a small fire. Shown here is the telescoping handle  28  holding a container  18  of liquid nitrogen  1  with a cover serving as a sieve unit  11 . This device can be filled from the dewar of the equipment shown in  FIG. 1 . The non-lethal weapon used is shown here with the jar on the telescoped rod turned over so the liquid nitrogen flows out making a nitrogen gas cloud  10  in the breathing space of a suspected hijacker or other criminal  78 . With about two breaths of pure nitrogen, the hijacker will enter Nitrogen Coma, when a lung reflex causes loss of the person&#39;s diaphragm function stops breathing and causes loss of conscious simultaneously so that the suspect may be restrained. Once restrained, the person can be resuscitated by administering a few strokes of artificial respiration to bring oxygen into the lungs. 
         [0071]      FIG. 11  illustrates a fixed hijacker capture device that can be installed in airliners. When a person storms the cockpit, before the door is opened, the crew can activate a liquid nitrogen drop flooding the space by the cockpit door with nitrogen gas, again, making the person unconscious. This gives the crew and air marshal time to restrain those causing the threat, and then resuscitating them so they can be turned over to authorities.  FIG. 11  illustrates a cross-section of an airliner cabin with baggage  77  beneath the floor and passenger seats  76  above. With the hijacker  78  in front of the cockpit door  79 , the crew can push the emergency button, which will turn the siphon unit  49  in the mouth of the dewar  13  so as to release the nitrogen gas. In addition, it may also include a heating unit on the siphon pipe inside the dewar to raise the pressure to start the siphon, if needed. Additionally, it is housed in the ceiling area of the airliner cabin. The siphon allows the liquid nitrogen  1  to flow onto a sieve  11  mounted in the ceiling over the cockpit door area flooding the entryway with nitrogen gas  10 . Having both the jar on a rod and the cockpit door protected this way should reduce terrorist acts and hijackings on airliners. This can be used in other sensitive areas as at the opening of a bank vault or security point. 
         [0072]      FIG. 12  shows another embodiment of the present invention wherein the apparatus is utilized to control a fire in the form of a long-term burn of coalmines, compost heaps, peat bogs, and the like. The dewar  13 , like in  FIG. 1 , holds the liquid nitrogen  1  and is placed in a drilled hole  81 . A baffle  14  in the dewar  13  allows a slow flow which fills a cup  54  which, when the weight of the contents is sufficient, tips and drops the liquid nitrogen onto a sieve which sends the cold droplets down the hole  81  to the bottom. Because the evaporant, nitrogen gas, is cold, it displaces air at the bottom of the hole and will seep through the porous layers thus displacing any oxygen and cooling the temperature at the depth of the drilling. To control one of these long-term burning fires, holes may be drilled in a square matrix over the burn, drilling down to boiling water or other selected temperature of the substrate. The device  80  is then inverted into the top of the hole with a baffle ring  8  holding against the top of the drilling to keep nitrogen gas in the hole. The device is refilled with Liquid Nitrogen on a scheduled basis and applied. Once the temperature at the bottom of the hole rises sufficiently, the hole is drilled deeper until it reaches the selected temperature. The process is then repeated. When there is no more heat produced down any hole, it can be assumed that the fire is out in that location. Repeating this throughout the matrix will end the burn. Where heat at the bottom of an array of drillings in the matrix persists, new drilling in the center of the squares can be added to further hasten burn control. Distance between holes in the matrix is estimated at 25 feet, or about 8 meters. 
         [0073]      FIGS. 13 &amp; 14  illustrate means to capture stack gas  41  from industrial chimneys, specifically, but not limited to coal burning energy facilities, where what is normally released in the atmosphere is captured and processed with some by-products. In  FIG. 13 , the general concept is to convert the smoke  70  and particulates and pollution of the air  7  emerging from chimney  69  by capping the chimney with a housing  74  containing the chimney top  42  releasing smoke  41  to multiple sets of liquid nitrogen cooled condenser coils  30 , which, when filled with liquid nitrogen  1  generate an ice  4  crust, and release gaseous nitrogen  10  into the air. The coils  30  are cooled alternating between units so as to let the ice  4  melt into water  40  and flow down the water pipe  72 . This lowers the humidity causing the soot  42  to be released and fall out of the air, which is collected on the floor of the chimney cap structure and funneled into the soot pipe  71 . Residual, dry air rich in Carbon dioxide is removed via air pipe  73 . This is a continuous, ongoing, scrubbing of the factory emissions. 
         [0074]    To beneficially use the stack gas output, a greenhouse  66  is constructed in conjunction with the chimney cap  74 , in which plants  67  are nourished with the Carbon dioxide from pipe  73  through photosynthesis. There may be need of additional oxidation of air components that will be oxidized with an open flame at release of the gases from in the greenhouse  66  or recycled through the boilers in the facility. The water pipe  72  provides water for the plants. With remaining liquid hydrocarbons, in the water, the water can be put in a cistern and the surface cooled as shown in  FIG. 21   b  and the hydrocarbons skimmed off and recycled in the coal burning process. The water is then used for the greenhouse plants  67 . Eventually produce  68  is harvested and trucked  88  off to market. 
         [0075]    In  FIG. 14  the coil structure  30  is shown in more detail. Liquid nitrogen  1  is fed into the coils  30  through the entry pipe  34  feeding the first coil in the sequence. The feeder pipe  34  between the coils feeds the sequence of coils  30  such that the liquid nitrogen levels of all the coils in that sequence will be the same. The coils emit hot nitrogen gas  10  out of the exhausts  32  as the hot smoke cools and humidity in the air condenses on them as ice  4  and releases the particulate matter  42  clinging to the water vapor. While one coil sequence is cooled, other sequences are not allowing the ice  4  to melt into water  40 , which drips into the trough  20  feeding eventually into the water pipe. 
         [0076]      FIGS. 15 &amp; 16  show means to place a temporary repair on a dam or dike  6  with a hole or breach  60  in its structure holding the water  40  back to prevent flooding downstream.  FIG. 15  shows the basic components on a square pattern of pipes  30  held together in a structure with elbows  31 . It has a funnel  33  feed for liquid nitrogen  1  which is supplied by a cryo-tank  35  feeding many gallons of liquid nitrogen into the structure via the feeder tubing  34 . Nitrogen gas is released from the pipe structure through open exhaust pipes  32 . This cooled structure causes the ice  4  to form on the structure freezing the water  40  in the river, stream or reservoir. As ice forms a solid block on the structural pipes, it blocks the flow to the breach in the dam or dike. This returns control of water flow and also allows empty dry, but cold, space for workers to repair the breach while the ice patch is in place. Once the repair is strong enough to hold back the water, liquid nitrogen  1  is no longer fed into the pipe structure. The ice melts and the pipe structure is pulled from the water and taken away. 
         [0077]      FIG. 16  shows a means to conform the pipe structure to the curvature of the dam or dike up-water surface using pipes  30  that are threaded in opposite directions  118  &amp;  119  on the ends of the pipe and a hex-structure  120  turning capability, either fixed  120  or removable  121  so the pipe length can be altered by turning the pipe with a wrench  122 . The dam  6  curvature is illustrated showing the conforming pipe structure with the breach  60  clear of the ice structure foreseen with the design of the pipe configuration. During application either configuration can be iced in a place of placid water flow and pulled into the water stream at the breach location. 
         [0078]    Another embodiment utilizes on-site moldable elbows  31 , which possess undefined angles needed by dimensional changes in the piping. This can be handled in at least two ways. First, the elbows could be molded in place using a low temperature mixture of Woods Metal and Indium to reduce the molding temperature to around 60° C. The flow channels would be formed using Popsicle-like ice bars and t-shaped, x-shaped or hex-shaped outlets per elbow. The outside elbows may have five pipe outlets and the corner elbows may have three x-shaped outlets. Second, a plastic material capable of tightly holding the threaded areas may be used. Many such materials are used in medical efforts for patient comfort such as foams and gels. These materials would have to retain strength at low temperatures as liquid nitrogen passes through them. 
         [0079]    Another pipe structure, illustrated in  FIGS. 17-19 , creates an ice-gravel solid core  4  for the height, length, and breadth of the pipe system plus about six inches for a levee needing augmented strengthening in the case of the occurrence of a hurricane stronger than the levee is certified to hold or in a mudslide zone.  FIG. 17  shows the pipe system segment with the funnel  33  to feed liquid nitrogen on a freezing pipe  30  with elbows  31  at the bottom holding a second pipe and at the top connecting that pipe with the entry pipe of the next pair. These are placed down holes  43 , which are drilled in the levee  44  and then these holes  43  are filled with gravel of similar consistency as that of the levee. The pattern of piping is a zigzag so as to get a broader freeze zone  3 . To further broaden the freeze zone, parallel pipe systems may be used so the ice-gravel structure is broad enough not to topple. It is estimated that the freeze zone will be four feet wide, or more than three meters in the illustrated double pipe structure. 
         [0080]    Once installed, this pipe structure from the funnel entry through the exhaust is sealed to prevent water or other material contamination. When a hurricane is approaching, the caps on the funnel and exhaust ends of the pipe system are removed and liquid nitrogen  1  is poured in by the cryo-truck load, about 7,500 gallons. 
         [0081]      FIG. 18  shows the pipe pattern and ice core  4  both dimensionally and in a cross-section wherein the freeze zone includes the levee  44 , holes  43 , river bottom  45 , and fill at the top of the pipes. It is preferred that the pipe system extends the fill width of the levee for effectiveness against the raging floodwaters from the anticipated storm.  FIG. 19  shows the filling process wherein the feeder pipe  34  from the cryo-truck pours liquid nitrogen  1  into the funnel  33  which feeds both pipe systems installed in parallel. The freeze zone  3  is defined with the margin shown as a dotted line. 
         [0082]    Upon filling these pipe systems, the exhaust end of the pipe systems will be spewing huge amounts of gaseous nitrogen. If the air is still this will form nitrogen clouds and could cause danger to those nearby. Thus, for safety, a fan system is preferably supplied at the exhaust pipe. Also, the “n” “2” alarm shown in  FIG. 25  can be provided at that location to provide both visual and auditory signal 
         [0083]    The freezing apparatus of  FIG. 20  illustrates another embodiment of the present invention wherein the apparatus is configured to catch and solidify a lava flow  64 . This structure leaves a permanent landform after application. It is an opportunity to structure the future rock  65  to useful configurations as shown in  FIG. 20   b , where the freezing piping  30  can be converted to water and power wiring delivery and even include a dam structure to hold a water reservoir or lake providing water and recreation in the future. Anticipating the lava reaching a specific location, the structure is built with the freeze piping  30 , elbows  31 , feeder pipes  33  receiving liquid nitrogen  1  and exhaust pipes  32  releasing nitrogen gas  10 . As the lava flow  64  encounters the pipe system, liquid nitrogen is delivered to the pipe system by truck or helicopter filling the pipe system with liquid nitrogen  1 . This coldness immediately solidifies any lava contacting the piping making it solid rock  65  with pipe penetrations at locations of the cold nitrogen. Continuous supplying of liquid nitrogen to the system cools this rock so advancing lava also solidifies making the lava rock depth significant. When the lava flow subsides, then the rock structure developed is part of the earth&#39;s surface and can be used as desired. This has at least two purposes: first, to protect things below this structure from lava invasion at the time of the flow; and, second, to prepare for use after the lava flow. 
         [0084]      FIG. 21   a  illustrates another embodiment of the present invention wherein an apparatus is provided to protect against the release of a toxin  57  from an aerosol can  56  or the like. To insure the whole aerosol is going to be steeped in cold nitrogen gas  10 , (b) a baffle  49  having a height greater than that of aerosol or canister is erected around the aerosol, and the emergency hand carry dispenser of  FIG. 1  is used to rain liquid nitrogen  1  through the sieve  11  placing the coldest possible nitrogen gas  10  in the baffle. This cools the aerosol and the contents condense in the can stopping the dispersion of material, whatever it is. For safety, a tongs  53  or the like is provided for lifting the aerosol out of the baffle and placing it in a jar  54  with a sealable top  55 . 
         [0085]      FIG. 21   b  shows an apparatus configured to raise a spill (aa) by cooling the spill so that it solidifies for easy removal. First, the user surrounds the spill material  46  with a baffle  23  (bb). Next, the user adds water  40  from a container  59 , such that the spill rises to the surface of the water. Then using the emergency device from  FIG. 1 , (cc) the spill is cooled on the water surface. As it solidifies or gels (dd), a skimmer  58  is used to take the spill material from the water surface and place it in ajar  54  (ee) with a sealable top  55 . Once it is sealed in the jar (ff), it can be allowed to warm up and again become liquid. Seal the top on the jar and take it to authorities or do as directed to dispose of the material. 
         [0086]      FIG. 22   a  shows a similar circumstance to that in  FIG. 21   b , only the spill  46  on the surface  45  that won&#39;t easily release this larger spill substance, when cooled and in larger volumes. Here, the user fills a fire hose with water and seals the ends together (a), using it as the baffle  23 . Next, the user floods the hose enclosure with water  40  ( b ), uses the  FIG. 1  emergency device with its dewar  13  and sieve  11  to place liquid nitrogen  1  in the sieve and rain its droplets so as to evaporate them into severely cold nitrogen gas  10  to reduce the temperature of the substance  46 , solidifying it  47  on the surface of the water (c). It is then skimmed up and placed in a sealable container for moving it to the proper facility as directed by authorities. 
         [0087]      FIG. 22   b  illustrates an apparatus for quelling a computer battery fire  5  in a place where space is at a premium such as on an airliner. A pan  52  with a bottom in tact is placed on the floor. The burning  5  computer  51  is placed in the pan (aa). Preferably, the sides of the pan are elevated with respect to the computer part on fire. As illustrated, smoke  50  is pouring out of the computer. Then (bb) the emergency device from  FIG. 1  is used to rain liquid nitrogen  1  onto the burning device filling the pan with nitrogen gas  10  ending the fire immediately. No arcing of electricity or computer circuitry damage beyond what the fire may have caused is inflicted on the device making repair much more affordable than were the fire put out with water or foam or even Carbon dioxide. 
         [0088]      FIG. 23  illustrates an embodiment equipped to handle a break  39  ( b ) in a hose or pipe  36  ( a ) and spilling of its contents, such as water, natural gas, or hydraulic fluid  46 . Again, using the emergency device in  FIG. 1 , the dewar  13  and sieve  11 , (c) liquid nitrogen  1  is rained in droplets into a two-legged baffle  49  that fits around the two segments of the pipe cooling its contents to freezing. The frozen material stops the flow (d) allowing one to cap  37  the pipes (e). Upper right on the page, (f) the capped pipes return to room temperature having liquid or gas contents. Again freezing the pipe sections with liquid nitrogen droplets (g), the pipe contents are again solid near the break (h). Caps  37  are removed from the pipe (i), and a repair segment  38  is moved onto the pipe (j) and sealed into place. The repaired pipe warms up to room temperature (k) and is back in service. 
         [0089]      FIG. 24  illustrates an embodiment of the present invention for use in the presence of a tornado cloud. Cloud seeders or the like, can use their planes  89  with a large dewar  13  of liquid nitrogen (a) to disperse liquid nitrogen  1  into the tornado  108  by delivering the liquid nitrogen  1  by way of cryo-tubes  12 . The liquid nitrogen  1  evaporates to 250 times the volume of the liquid nitrogen, thus increasing the pressure and decreasing the temperature to help prevent the tornado. To prevent icing of the apparatus, the drawings in b, c, and d show the dewar  13  with liquid nitrogen  1  feeding into the cryo-tube  12  with a sieve unit  11  at its end, dispersing the liquid nitrogen in droplets. An outer tube  110 , which is insulated and heated, shields the cryo-tube  12 . The cryo-tube here has openings in its walls  109  letting minute amounts of liquid nitrogen out evaporating into nitrogen gas  10  between the tubes. This prevents icing between the tubes and also, because the feed is continuous, pours out of the pipe at the sieve area surrounding it with nitrogen gas keeping the water vapor away from the nozzle area. The outer tube  110  is heated to just above ambient temperature to ward off icing there as well. Without this deicing feature, the apparatus could develop ice at its end, which would greatly interfere with the handling of the aircraft. If the pressure of the tornado is raised with nitrogen gas, it will disturb the action in the cloud. If the temperature is lowered, it may cause snow rather than rain, thus minimizing the effects of the storm. 
         [0090]      FIG. 25  shows a signal device configured to detect nitrogen gas concentrations. Preferably the device comprises four light bars  19  that are capable of being either on  62  or off  61 . Patterned as shown, in finger spelling for deaf people, the first light pattern on the left reads “n” and the second “2” and repeating, “n” “2”. The chemical abbreviation for the nitrogen molecule is N 2 . In addition, an accompanying sound signal  63  can audibly alert the user to the presence of the N2 29. 
         [0091]      FIG. 26  shows a method of manufacturing the holes or apertures in the sieve  11  so as to alleviate the cracks and damage to the material. Because liquid nitrogen is severely cold and fires severely hot, the drill induced damages can weaken the delivery apparatus and cause it to fail by breaking out large holes ending the drop stream feed. Pressing should mold the holes in the material making less form damage. A press roller  14  of great weight may be rolled over the mold base  113  with hobnails  112  of the hole size on the sheet material  115 . The mold is set (a), the roller passes over the sheet (b), and the process is complete (d). The sheet material is shown in (c) showing a perspective view of the holes  116  with openings. A dotted line indicates the cut. The cross-section (e) illustrates the extra material  117  from where the hole was pressed and is gathered on the outside of the device at the aperture locations. These enlargements cannot be on the inside where the liquid nitrogen is poured because it might prevent the liquid nitrogen from passing through the array of apertures evenly, being prevented by large material buildup at the place where liquid enters the aperture area. 
         [0092]    Many changes and modifications could be made to the invention without departing from the spirit thereof. The scope of some of these changes can be appreciated by comparing the various embodiments as described above. The scope of the remaining changes will become apparent from the appended claims.