Abstract:
An apparatus and method for drilling a well bore, placing a liner, cementing and perforating the liner, and injecting or producing fluid, sand-free, through the perforations. The liner has a plurality of outwardly extendable elements for perforation and sand control. The tool also can have a drilling apparatus, a cementing apparatus, a steering apparatus and a formation evaluation apparatus.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
   This application relies upon U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/579,818, filed on Jun. 14, 2004, and entitled “One Trip Well Apparatus with Sand Control.” 
   STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT 
   Not Applicable 
   BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
   1. Field of the Invention 
   The present invention is in the field of apparatus and methods used in drilling and completing an oil or gas well, and producing hydrocarbons from the well or injecting fluids into the well. 
   2. Background Art 
   In the drilling and completion of oil and gas wells, it is common to drill a well bore, position a liner in the well bore, cement the liner in place, perforate the liner at a desired depth, and provide for the sand free production of hydrocarbons from the well or the injection of fluids into the well. These operations are typically performed in several steps, requiring multiple trips into and out of the well bore with the work string. Since rig time is expensive, it would be helpful to be able to perform all of these operations with fewer trips into the well bore. 
   BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
   The present invention provides a tool and method for drilling a well bore, placing and perforating a well bore liner, cementing the liner in place, and producing or injecting fluids, sand-free. The apparatus includes a tubular liner having a plurality of radially outwardly extendable tubular elements, with a drilling apparatus for drilling a well bore below the liner, a cementing apparatus for cementing the liner in place, and a temporarily blocked sand control medium in the outwardly extendable elements for selectively controlling the sand-free injection or production of fluids through the extendable elements. The drilling apparatus can be concentric to the production liner back to surface, concentric to several nested liners or attached to the top of the production liner with a release mechanism known by those skilled in the art. 
   One embodiment of the apparatus has a drilling shoe formed or mounted at the lower end of the liner. In this embodiment, the liner is attached to a rotatable drill string, and the cementing apparatus, of a type known in the art, is incorporated in the drill string. After drilling, the drill string provides a conduit for the cement and for the fluids produced from or injected into the well if production tubing is not a requirement. 
   Another embodiment of the apparatus has a drill bit which is driven by a downhole motor. In this embodiment, the drill bit and downhole motor drill the well bore, with the liner mounted thereto, and with the drill bit extendable below the liner. After drilling, the drill bit and the downhole motor can be released from the liner and withdrawn from the well bore. Also, in this embodiment, the cementing apparatus, again of a type known in the art, can be lowered into the well, after withdrawal of the drill bit and the downhole motor. In this embodiment, a separate tubular can provide a conduit for the cement and for the fluids produced from or injected into the well. 
   In either embodiment, the outwardly extendable tubular elements in the liner are filled with a sand control medium, such as a gravel pack material. The outwardly extendable tubular elements are also initially blocked by a blocking medium, such as a wax material, which initially prevents fluid flow through the outwardly extendable elements. Alternatively, rather than a wax material, the blocking medium can be a biodegradable material, such as a biodegradable polymer, or a frangible disk. After the liner is in place in the well bore, the outwardly extendable tubular elements are extended into contact with the wall of the well bore in the desired formation, after which the liner is cemented in place and the blocking medium is removed from the outwardly extendable tubular elements. Removal of a wax blocking medium can be accomplished by application of heat or a fluid to the wax material to dissolve it. Removal of a biodegradable blocking medium can be by biodegradation of the blocking medium in the presence of downhole fluids or other fluids, at downhole temperatures, thereby dissolving the blocking medium. Removal of a frangible disk can be by fracturing of the disk with increased fluid pressure. After removal of the blocking medium, fluids can be produced from the formation or injected into the formation, through the outwardly extendable tubular elements. 
   The liner with the outwardly extendable tubular elements can be the innermost tubular in a nested string of tubulars. During drilling, the liner extends downwardly from the nested string into the well bore. The assembly can also be provided with a steering capability and a formation evaluation capability, both of which features are separately known in the art. 
   The novel features of this invention, as well as the invention itself, will be best understood from the attached drawings, taken along with the following description, in which similar reference characters refer to similar parts, and in which: 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS 
       FIG. 1  is a longitudinal section view of a first embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention, in the run-in condition; 
       FIG. 2  is a longitudinal section view of the apparatus in  FIG. 1 , showing the extendable tubular elements extended outwardly and the liner cemented in place; 
       FIGS. 3A ,  3 B, and  3 C are side views of a typical outwardly extendable tubular element incorporated in the apparatus of the present invention; 
       FIG. 4  is a longitudinal section view of a second embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention. 
   

   DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
   As shown in  FIG. 1 , in one embodiment, the tool  10  of the present invention includes a liner  14 , which has a plurality of outwardly extendable tubular elements  12 . All of these outwardly extendable elements  12  are shown retracted radially into the liner  14  of the tool  10 , in the run-in position. A drilling tool  16 , such as a drillable shoe, is mounted to the lower end of the liner  14 . The liner  14  is mounted on a drill string DS, which can be rotated by a drilling rig (not shown). A cementing apparatus  18 , of any type known in the art, can be incorporated in the drill string DS below the liner  14 . 
   As the liner  14  is rotated, the drilling tool  16  drills a well bore to the desired depth. The liner  14  can be incorporated within a nested string of tubulars (not shown). In this case, as the liner  14  and the drilling tool  16  progress into the well bore, the nested string of tubulars follows, creating an extended casing string in the well bore. 
   As shown in  FIG. 2 , once the liner  14  is at the desired depth, the outwardly extendable elements  12  are extended radially outwardly from the body of the tool  10  to contact the underground formation, such as by the application of hydraulic pressure from the fluid flowing through the tool  10 . If any of the elements  12  fail to fully extend upon application of this hydraulic pressure, they can be mechanically extended by the passage of a tapered plug (not shown) through the body of the tool  10 , as is known in the art, but this requires a separate trip. After extension of the outwardly extendable elements  12  to contact the formation, cementing the liner in place can be accomplished by pumping cement into the annulus between the liner  14  and the well bore, with the cementing apparatus  18 , as is known in the art. 
     FIGS. 3A ,  3 B, and  3 C show the extension of a typical extendable tubular element  12 .  FIG. 3A  shows the extendable element  12  in the withdrawn condition, as it is configured when the tool  10  is in its run-in configuration.  FIG. 3B  shows the extendable element  12  with a first extension  20  extended to contact the wall of a full gauge well bore, as normally drilled.  FIG. 3C  shows the extendable element  12  with a second extension  22  extended as may be necessary to contact the wall of a washed out well bore. 
   It can be seen that the tubular elements  12  have an open central bore for the passage of fluid. As also shown in  FIG. 3C , the tubular elements  12  have a sand control medium  24  incorporated therein. The sand control medium  24  prevents intrusion of sand or other particulate matter from the formation into the tool body. The tubular elements  12  can have any type of built-in sand control medium  24  therein, including any gravel pack material known in the art, metallic beads, or a mechanical screening element. 
   The tubular elements  12  also have a blocking medium  26  therein, such as a wax material, a polymer material, a frangible disk, or any combination thereof. As originally constituted, the blocking medium blocks any fluid flow through the outwardly extendable elements. The blocking medium  26  is next to the inside of the liner  14 , to provide a pressure barrier enabling the hydraulic extension of the tubular elements  12 . Where a wax material is used as the blocking medium  26 , the wax can be susceptible to removal by the application of heat or exposure to a fluid which can dissolve the wax. Where a polymer material is used as the blocking medium  26 , it can be a material which is biodegradable in fluids which may be found in the well bore, or which can be pumped into the well bore. A polymer material could also be chosen which is susceptible to removal by the application of heat. Where a frangible disk is chosen for the blocking medium, it can be designed to rupture upon application of a given fluid pressure. 
   Once the liner  14  has reached the desired depth and the tubular elements  12  have been extended to contact the bore hole wall. Cement can then be pumped via the cementing apparatus  18  to fill the annulus between the liner  14  and the bore hole wall. The blocking medium  26  is removed in a fashion depending upon which type of blocking medium is used. Thereafter, hydrocarbon fluids can be produced from the formation through the outwardly extendable elements  12 , or fluid can be injected into the formation through the outwardly extendable elements  12 . 
     FIG. 4  shows a second embodiment of the tool  100  of the present invention. In this embodiment, the liner  140  does not rotate for the purpose of drilling the well bore. Instead, the liner  140  is lowered into the well bore while the bore is being drilled by a downhole motor  28 , on a work string WS. The liner  140  can be attached to the work string WS by a releasable connector  32 . The downhole motor  28  drives a drilling tool  30  extending below the lower end of the liner  140 . The drilling tool  30  can include a hole opener if desired. Directional drilling apparatus and formation evaluation equipment can be incorporated in the work string WS, as is known in the art. Further, the liner  140 , as in the first embodiment, can be incorporated in a nested string of tubulars (not shown). In this embodiment, after drilling and placement of the liner  140 , and after extension of the outwardly extendable tubular elements  12 , the downhole motor and the drilling tool  30  can be removed. Then, a cementing apparatus can be introduced, for cementing the liner  140  in place, as described above, or cementing can be done with the work string WS and the drill string DS in place. Thereafter, hydrocarbon fluids can be produced from the formation through the outwardly extendable elements  12 , or fluid can be injected into the formation through the outwardly extendable elements  12 . 
   While the particular invention as herein shown and disclosed in detail is fully capable of obtaining the objects and providing the advantages hereinbefore stated, it is to be understood that this disclosure is merely illustrative of the presently preferred embodiments of the invention and that no limitations are intended other than as described in the appended claims.