Abstract:
A dual clutch, which has a first friction clutch pulled by a first lever actuator and a second friction clutch pushed by a second lever actuator. The lever actuators each have a lever that is spring-loaded on one side and lever tips which are moved by a bearing block. The bearing block can be moved radially with along a profile of the lever to set a variable contact point of the lever between a rigid base plate and the lever to act on actuating bearings of the friction clutches. The bearing block is actuated by force application in one of the radial directions of motion by a drive controlled by a control unit in an automated manner. The drive of both lever actuators is formed by a pneumatic controller. In each drive a piston is movable in a housing and is connected to the bearing block by a piston rod.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation of PCT/DE2010/000743 filed Jun. 29, 2010, which in turn claims the priority of DE 10 2009 031 798.8 filed Jul. 6, 2009. The priority of these applications is hereby claimed and these applications are incorporated by reference herein. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The invention relates to a dual clutch, which has a first friction clutch that is pulled by a first lever actuator and a second friction clutch, which is pressed by a second lever actuator. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     A generic lever actuator is known, for example, from DE 2004 009 832 A1. Here, the lever is clamped in on one side by a compression coil spring and the lever has a longitudinal contouring that is loaded by a radially displaceable bearing block, which is supported on a base plate. This results in a varying fulcrum formed during the displacement of the bearing block and the lever being displaced axially at the lever end which lies opposite the clamped side depending on the position of the bearing block and, depending on the embodiment of the friction clutch as a friction clutch which is pressed closed or pressed open, loads an engagement bearing or disengagement bearing and actuates the friction clutch as a result. Here, the bearing block is displaced radially by an electric drive such as an electric motor via a spindle. 
     DE 10 2006 019 252 A1 discloses an arrangement of a dual clutch. Here, one friction clutch is positively pulled closed and the other is positively pressed closed. The actuation takes place by a lever actuator. The bearing block of the lever actuator is driven by an electric motor via a spindle drive. Spindle drives of this type can be formed from recirculating ball spindles, obliquely positioned bearings or nuts with spindle threads. Drives of this type are complicated and/or tend to stiffen operation all the way up to jamming. This can, for example, be at cross purposes to safety requirements, according to which, in order to prevent jamming of the mechanism, has to be avoided in applications of a dual clutch in conjunction with a dual clutch transmission. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     In view of the above, the present invention relates a dual clutch, which has lever actuators, where the actuation of the lever actuators can take place by way of low actuating forces and the dual clutch reliably meets the current safety requirements. 
     Broadly, the present invention is directed to a dual clutch, which has a first friction clutch that is pulled by a first lever actuator and a second friction clutch, which is pressed by a second lever actuator. The lever actuators each have a lever which is spring-loaded on one side and the lever tips of the lever actuators are displaced by means of a bearing block in order to load actuating bearings of the friction clutches. The bearing block can be displaced radially with respect to the rotational axis of the friction clutches along a contouring of the lever and, therefore, sets a variable fulcrum of the lever between a fixed base plate and the lever. The bearing block is actuated in a manner loaded by force at least in one of the radial movement directions by means of a drive, which is controlled in an automated manner by a control unit. The drive of both lever actuators is formed from a fluidic actuating element unit, and the fluid actuating element in one piston, which can be displaced in a fixedly arranged housing, is connected to the bearing block by means of a piston rod. Here, fluidic means pneumatic or hydraulic. It can therefore be a pneumatic actuating device or a fluid-actuated actuating device. Low-loss operation of the lever actuators which is not influenced by the losses in the degree of efficiency of spindle drives and bears the risk of jamming can be proposed by the drive of the linearly displaced bearing block as a result of the linear piston movement of the piston of the fluidic actuating element unit by means of the piston rod. If, for example, a compressed air supply device is available anyway in a vehicle, as is the case, for example, in commercial vehicles, equipping the lever actuators with drives comprising pneumatic actuating element units is of no consequence in terms of cost, since they are simple to produce and simple to actuate via actuating valves. Furthermore, the installation space requirement is to be estimated as being at least neutral in comparison with the use of electric motors as drive. 
     Here, in the simplest case, an actuating element unit, which is equipped with a piston that is pressure-loaded on one side, can be provided for a lever actuator. The piston is displaced by a pressure, which is varied in a pressure chamber connected to the piston, axially counter to the action of a restoring force. This restoring force can be, for example, the spring which loads the lever of the lever actuator and/or a restoring force of the friction clutch disk spring or lever spring which is loaded by the lever via the actuating bearing. 
     According to one embodiment, the pneumatic or hydraulic actuating element unit can load the bearing block with a force in both directions and can displace it radially, with the result that the friction clutch can be closed and opened actively or the force-free movement direction can additionally be assisted and/or a self-locking action can be produced and/or the bearing block and, therefore, the friction clutch can be held with regard to its degree of opening at any desired point of the clutch travel. To this end, at least one piston of the actuating element unit of a lever actuator can be arranged such that it can be displaced in a manner loaded axially by force in both radial movement directions by a pressure which is varied in one of two pressure chambers which are connected to in each case one end face of the piston. This means that the piston can be loaded on both sides with pressure of in each case one pressure line. Said pressures can be controlled via a corresponding pneumatic or hydraulic control valve which can in each case connect one or both pressure connections to the pressure supply device, for example a pump and/or a compressed air store/hydraulic medium store. 
     The use of single-chamber or double-chamber actuating element units of this type, that is to say having a piston which can be loaded on one side or two sides with air pressure/hydraulic pressure, as drives for the two lever drives makes a multiplicity of varying application options possible for connecting a dual clutch. For example, having one pulled and one pressed friction clutch, it is possible for the friction clutch to have a common back pressure plate which has, on both sides, a friction face for one clutch plate which is assigned to a transmission input shaft of a component transmission of a dual clutch transmission, and against the common hack pressure plate the respective pressure plate of the friction clutch, which is pulled closed or pressed closed, is stressed axially by the lever actuators. Here, the lever actuator for actuating the pulled friction clutch according to this embodiment is arranged on the other side of the back pressure plate, with the result that its pressure plate is pulled by means of tie rods which reach around the back pressure plate, so that both lever actuators can be accommodated in a manner which is virtually neutral with respect to installation space in an installation space region of the clutch housing at approximately the same axial height and merely offset over the circumference between the transmission sockets of the dual clutch transmission. It should be mentioned here that the actuating forces are each supported on the transmission housing. The force directions are in opposite directions and the force receptacles of the lever actuators therefore are each arranged in an inverted manner. 
     In another embodiment, the dual clutch provides that both friction clutches open automatically (normally open) in the case of force-free drive. Here, two pneumatic or hydraulic actuating element units with merely one piston, which can be loaded with pressure (air pressure/hydraulic pressure) on one side, are provided for both friction clutches. The piston is displaced by means of pressure counter to the spring forces for the automatic opening of the friction clutches and closes the respective friction clutch. In the case of a defect of one or both lever actuators, jamming of the dual clutch transmission can be prevented if the other lever actuator is switched in a force-free manner. The closed friction clutches have to be held closed permanently under the application of pressure to the actuating element units. 
     Contrarily, in another embodiment both friction clutches can be closed or kept closed (normally closed) in the force-free state of their drives. Here, the friction clutches are pressed closed by means of a corresponding design of their lever or disk springs and the friction clutches are opened by the lever actuators and their pneumatic/hydraulic drives counter to the action of the closing forces. To this end, in each case one pneumatic or hydraulic actuating element unit is likewise sufficient for a friction clutch which can be loaded with pressure in a single direction, namely the opening direction of the friction clutch. In this state, the friction clutches can be operated in the closed state without additional energy. In the driving state, however, a friction clutch constantly has to be kept open in a pressure-loaded manner. The safety concept proceeds from a low probability of double faults, with the result that, in the case of the defect of one lever actuator, the second lever actuator can always disengage the friction clutch which is assigned to it and therefore jamming of the dual clutch transmission in the case where both friction clutches transmit torque in the case of a gear being selected in each case in the corresponding part drive train. If there is a double fault, as an alternative at least one gear of a part drive train can be positively disengaged. 
     Two further embodiments provide for opening the first friction clutch automatically in the force-free state of their drive and closing the second friction clutch in the force-free state of their drive or vice versa. In this connection, in each case, pneumatic or hydraulic actuating element units which have a piston that can be loaded with pressure on one side are likewise sufficient. In the case of a defect of one lever actuator or friction clutch, the positively closed (pressed closed, normally open) friction clutch disengages automatically. If the friction clutch jams, the positively open friction clutch (normally closed) is opened by the pneumatic operation. It has been proven to be advantageous to connect the automatically closing friction clutch (positively pressed open, normally closed) to the part drive train which contains the overdrive. This results in high driving portions that can be driven with a lever actuator system which is not operated with the application of energy since, during the driving state in overdrive, the necessary friction clutch is closed automatically and, therefore, without the supply of energy and the other friction clutch is open automatically, that is to say without the supply of energy. 
     According to a further embodiment, one or both friction clutches or their associated lever actuators can be self-locking or their movement can be frozen (normally stack) at any travel point of the clutch travel. To this end, the lever actuators of one or both friction clutches are advantageously equipped with a pneumatic or hydraulic actuating element unit. The piston of the actuating element unit can be loaded with pressure on both sides, with the result that, by means of a balanced pressure in both pressure chambers, the piston and, therefore, the bearing block and the lever with the lever tips with the actuating bearing and the lever tips of the lever spring of the relevant friction clutch and, therefore, the degree of transmission of torque via the friction clutch can be self-locking. If, presuming a tight seal, both pressure chambers are isolated from the pressure source, this clutch state is frozen. It goes without saying that each or both friction clutches can be operated in this way, or else merely one friction clutch, whereas the other represents a friction clutch which opens automatically or closes automatically and can be operated in this way by way of a bidirectional actuating element unit or can have only a one-sided actuating element unit. Furthermore, one or both friction clutches, which are operated in this way, can be friction clutches which close or open in the force-free state, or both friction clutches can be provided in a mixed arrangement, one closing automatically and the other opening automatically. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The invention will be explained in greater detail using the exemplary embodiments shown in  FIGS. 1 to 9 , in which: 
         FIG. 1  shows a diagrammatic illustration of a dual clutch having two lever actuators and one pulled friction clutch which is open in the force-free state and one pressed friction clutch which is closed in the force-free state; 
         FIG. 2  shows a diagrammatic illustration of a dual clutch having two lever actuators and one pulled friction clutch which is closed in the force-free state and one pressed friction clutch which is open in the force-free state; 
         FIG. 3  shows a diagrammatic illustration of a dual clutch having two lever actuators with one pulled and one pressed friction clutch which are in each case self-locking in every position; 
         FIG. 4  shows a diagrammatic illustration of a dual clutch having two lever actuators and one pulled and one pressed friction clutch which are in each case open in the force-free state; 
         FIG. 5  shows a diagrammatic illustration of a dual clutch having two lever actuators and one pulled and one pressed friction clutch which are in each case closed in the force-free state; 
         FIG. 6  shows a diagrammatic illustration of a dual clutch having two lever actuators and one self-locking pulled and one pressed friction clutch open in the force-free state; 
         FIG. 7  shows a diagrammatic illustration of a dual clutch having two lever actuators and one pulled friction clutch closed in the force-free state and one self-locking pressed friction clutch; 
         FIG. 8  shows a diagrammatic illustration of a dual clutch having two lever actuators and one self-locking pulled friction clutch and one pressed friction clutch closed in the force-free state; and 
         FIG. 9  shows a diagrammatic illustration of a dual clutch having two lever actuators and one pulled friction clutch open in the force-free state and one self-locking pressed friction clutch. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     A common feature of all the following figures is the embodiment shown in  FIG. 1  of the dual clutch  1 , which is known as a triple plate clutch. Here, the two friction clutches  2 ,  3  have the centrally arranged back pressure plate  4  in common. The friction clutch  2  is a friction clutch, which is pulled by means of the tie rod  5  which reaches radially over the back pressure plate  4 , and the friction clutch  3  is a pressed friction clutch. The pressure plates  6 ,  7  can be displaced axially and are received fixedly in terms of rotation by means of leaf springs (not shown) on the housing  8 , which is connected fixedly to the back pressure plate  4 . In order to close the friction clutches  2 ,  3 , the pressure plates  6 ,  7  clamp the friction linings of the clutch plates  9 ,  10  which are connected in a rotationally locking manner to in each case one transmission input shaft of a part drive train of a dual clutch transmission against the back pressure plate  4  in order to form a frictional connection. Depending on the design of the friction clutches  2 ,  3  as friction clutches which are closed in the force-free state, open or self-locking, the lever springs  11 ,  12  clamp the friction clutches  2 ,  3  in different ways. 
     As an alternative, the present teaching could also be applied to a quadruple plate clutch, as can be gathered, in particular, from EP 1 524 446 B1. 
     In  FIG. 1 , the friction clutch  2  is open in the force-free state, that is to say the lever spring  11  does not clamp the pressure plate  6  against the back pressure plate  4  via the tie rod  5  until the friction clutch  2  is pulled closed by the lever actuator  13  for closing, that is to say for forming a frictional connection between the pressure plate  6  and the back pressure plate  4  firstly and the friction linings of the clutch plate  9  secondly, by the lever spring  11  being supported on the housing  8  after a displacement of the lever tips and producing a frictional connection with the clutch plate  9 . 
     In contrast to this, the friction clutch  3  is a friction clutch, which is closed in the force-free state. In the force-free state the lever spring  12  clamps the pressure plate  7  with respect to the housing  8  to form a frictional connection between the back pressure plate  4  and the pressure plate  7  firstly and the friction linings of the clutch plate  10  secondly. The friction clutch  3  is moved up by the lever actuator  14 , by the lever tips of the lever spring  12  which is displaced axially. 
     The lever actuators  13 ,  14  for the two friction clutches  2 ,  3  have a lever  15 ,  16 , the lever tips  17 ,  18  of the lever  15 ,  16  axially act on the lever tips of the lever springs  11 ,  12  via the rotational decoupling of the actuating bearings  29 ,  30  and displace the lever tips  17 ,  18 . The displacement of the lever tips  17 ,  18  of the levers  15 ,  16  takes place by single-sided, elastic clamping of the levers  15 ,  16  by means of the energy stores  19 ,  20  and the radial displacement of their fulcrums  21 ,  22  by means of the bearing block  25 ,  26  along a base plate  23 ,  24 , which is arranged fixedly on the housing. Here, depending on the design of the contouring  27 ,  28  of the levers  15 ,  16 , a desired displacement of the lever tips for actuating the friction clutches  2 ,  3  is achieved during a displacement of the bearing blocks  25 ,  26 . 
     The friction clutch  2  is closed by a contouring  27  which is axially widens radially to the inside if the bearing block  25  is displaced radially to the outside. Here, the lever  15  is supported on the energy store  19  and the changing fulcrum  21 , and as a result of which the lever tips  17  press the actuating bearing  29 , which is mounted at the lever tips of the lever spring  11  in the direction of the friction clutch  2 . As a result, after deflection of the lever spring  11  on the housing  8 , the tie rods  5  are actuated by the lever spring  11 , and the tie rods  5  pull the pressure plate  6  against the back pressure plate  4  and close the friction clutch  2 . 
     The friction clutch  3  is opened by a contouring  28  which narrows axially radially to the inside with respect to the base plate  24  if the bearing block  26  is displaced radially to the outside. Here, the lever  16  is supported on the energy store  20  elastically and on the changing fulcrum  22  such that during the displacement of the bearing block radially to the outside, the lever tips  18  tilt and move the actuating bearing  30  away from the friction clutch  3  and therefore the prestress of the lever spring  12  for clamping the pressure plate  7  is released, and the friction clutch  3  is disengaged. 
     The displacement of the bearing blocks  25 ,  26  of the lever actuators  13 ,  14  takes place by one pneumatic actuating element unit  31 ,  32 , which is formed from a housing  33 ,  34  and a piston  35 ,  36  that can be displaced axially in the housing  33 ,  34  and form a pressure chamber  37 ,  38  that has a pressure connection  39 ,  40  to supply pressure from a pressure supply device, such as a pump and/or pressure accumulator. The pressure is regulated by a control valve (not shown). The piston  35 ,  36  is connected to the bearing block  25 ,  26  by a piston rod  41 ,  42 , so that a simple transmission of force is made possible without an additional mechanism or rotational direction converter, which reduces the degree of efficiency, as is necessary, for example, when drive is provided by electric motors. The bearing block, which is shown using dashed lines, represents the closed state for the friction clutch  2  and the open state for the friction clutch  3 . Here, the pistons  35 ,  36  of the actuating element units  31 ,  32  are displaced axially to the maximum extent by the pressure which is applied in the pressure chambers  37 ,  38 . 
     In the following figures, components which are similar to the components described in detail in  FIG. 1  have the number 100 added to them. 
     In contrast to  FIG. 1 ,  FIG. 2  shows the dual clutch  101  in a modified circuit. Here, the friction clutch  102  is a friction clutch which is closed in the force-free state and the friction clutch  103  is a friction clutch which is open in the force-free state. Accordingly, the levers  115 ,  116  of the lever actuators  113 ,  114  are equipped with a contouring  127 ,  128  which narrows radially to the inside or opens radially to the inside, and the bearing blocks  125 ,  126  are displaced radially to the inside by the actuating element units  131 ,  132 . To this end, the function of the actuating element units  131 ,  132  is also reversed, with the result that the pressure chambers  137 ,  138  are situated radially outside the bearing blocks  125 ,  126 . 
     In the case of a displacement of the bearing block  125  radially to the inside, the lever tips  117  are displaced away from the friction clutch  102 , so that the lever spring  111  releases the pressure plate  106  via the tie rod  105  and the frictional connection is canceled. The friction clutch  102  is therefore opened. 
     In the case of a displacement of the bearing block  126  radially to the inside, the lever tips  118  of the lever  116  are displaced in the direction of the friction clutch  103 . The lever spring  112  moves the pressure plate  107  against the back pressure plate  104  and finally clamps it, and the open friction clutch  103  is closed during the displacement of the bearing block  126 . 
       FIG. 3  shows the dual clutch  201 , which has two self-locking friction clutches  202 ,  203 . In addition, the dual clutch  201  has two actuating element units  231 ,  232 , which can be loaded with pressure (hydraulic pressure or pneumatic pressure) in both displacement directions of the bearing blocks  225 ,  226 . The actuating element units  231 ,  232  each have a piston  235 ,  236  which can be displaced axially in the housing  233 ,  234  and is connected to two pressure chambers  237 ,  243  and  238 ,  244 , which can be loaded with pressure. The pressure chambers  237 ,  243  and  238 ,  244  can be loaded with corresponding pressure by a pressure supply device  245  that can be controlled by a control valve  246  or  247 . The piston  235 ,  236  can be set in every travel position in a self-locking manner by corresponding differential pressures between the two pressure chambers  237 ,  243  and  238 ,  244  being set in every position. As a result, the friction clutches  202 ,  203  can also be set in a self-locking manner at every clutch travel position. A clutch position can therefore be frozen, as it were. It is to be mentioned for the sake of completeness that the friction clutch  202  is closed in the radially outer position of the bearing block  225  and the friction clutch  203  is open in the radially outer position of the bearing block  226 . Accordingly, the friction clutch  202  is opened during a displacement of the bearing block  225  radially to the inside, and the friction clutch  203  is closed during a displacement of the bearing block  226  radially to the inside. 
       FIG. 4  shows the dual clutch  301 , which is similar to the dual clutches  1 ,  101  of  FIGS. 1 and 2 , with the difference that both friction clutches  302 ,  303  are open in the force-free state. To this end, the friction clutch  302 , which has a lever actuator  313  that correspond substantially to the friction clutch  2  of  FIG. 1  that has a lever actuator  13 , and the friction clutch  303 , which has a lever actuator  314 , corresponds substantially to the friction clutch  103  of  FIG. 2  that has a lever actuator  114 . 
       FIG. 5  shows the dual clutch  401 , which is similar to the dual clutches  1 ,  101  of  FIGS. 1 and 2 , with the difference that both friction clutches  402 ,  403  are closed in the force-free state. To this end, the friction clutch  402 , which has a lever actuator  413 , corresponds substantially to the friction clutch  102  of  FIG. 2  that has a lever actuator  113 , and the friction clutch  403 , which has a lever actuator  414 , corresponds substantially to the friction clutch  3  of  FIG. 1  that has a lever actuator  14   
       FIG. 6  shows the dual clutch  501 , which is similar to the dual clutches  101 ,  201  of  FIGS. 2 and 3 , with the difference that the friction clutch  502  is a self-locking friction clutch and the friction clutch  503  is open in the force-free state. To this end, the friction clutch  502 , which has a lever actuator  513 , corresponds substantially to the friction clutch  202  of  FIG. 3  that has an actuating element unit  231 , and the friction clutch  503 , which has a lever actuator  514 , corresponds substantially to the friction clutch  103  of  FIG. 2  that has a lever actuator  114 . 
       FIG. 7  shows the dual clutch  601 , which is similar to the dual clutches  101 ,  201  of  FIGS. 2 and 3 , with the difference that the friction clutch  602  is closed in the force-free state and the friction clutch  603  is a self-locking friction clutch. To this end, the friction clutch  602 , which has a lever actuator  613 , corresponds substantially to the friction clutch  102  of  FIG. 2  that has a lever actuator  113 , and the friction clutch  603 , which has a lever actuator  614 , corresponds substantially to the friction clutch  203  of  FIG. 3  that has an actuating element unit  232 . 
       FIG. 8  shows the dual clutch  701 , which is similar to the dual clutches  1 ,  201  of  FIGS. 1 and 3 , with the difference that the friction clutch  702  is a self-locking friction clutch and the friction clutch  703  is closed in the force-free state. To this end, the friction clutch  702 , which has a lever actuator  713 , corresponds substantially to the friction clutch  202  of  FIG. 3  that has an actuating element unit  231 , and the friction clutch  703  having the lever actuator  714  corresponds substantially to the friction clutch  3  of  FIG. 1  that has a lever actuator  14 . 
       FIG. 9  shows the dual clutch  801 , which is similar to the dual clutches  1 ,  201  of  FIGS. 1 and 3 , with the difference that the friction clutch  802  is open in the force-free state and the friction clutch  803  is a self-locking friction clutch. To this end, the friction clutch  802 , which has a lever actuator  813  corresponds substantially to the friction clutch  2  of  FIG. 1  that has a lever actuator  13 , and the friction clutch  803 , which has a lever actuator  814 , corresponds substantially to the friction clutch  203  of  FIG. 3  that has an actuating element  232 . 
     LIST OF DESIGNATIONS 
     
         
           1  Dual Clutch 
           2  Friction Clutch 
           3  Friction Clutch 
           4  Back Pressure Plate 
           5  Tie Rod 
           6  Pressure Plate 
           7  Pressure Plate 
           8  Housing 
           9  Clutch Plate 
           10  Clutch Plate 
           11  Lever Spring 
           12  Lever Spring 
           13  Lever Actuator 
           14  Lever Actuator 
           15  Lever 
           16  Lever 
           17  Lever Tip 
           18  Lever Tip 
           19  Energy Store 
           20  Energy Store 
           21  Fulcrum 
           22  Fulcrum 
           23  Base Plate 
           24  Base Plate 
           25  Bearing Block 
           26  Bearing Block 
           27  Contouring 
           28  Contouring 
           29  Actuating Bearing 
           30  Actuating Bearing 
           31  Actuating Element Unit 
           32  Actuating Element Unit 
           33  Housing 
           34  Housing 
           35  Piston 
           36  Piston 
           37  Pressure Chamber 
           38  Pressure Chamber 
           39  Pressure Connection 
           40  Pressure Connection 
           41  Piston Rod 
           42  Piston Rod 
           101  Dual Clutch 
           102  Friction Clutch 
           103  Friction. Clutch 
           104  Back Pressure Late 
           105  Tie Rod 
           106  Pressure Plate 
           107  Pressure Plate 
           111  Lever Spring 
           112  Lever Spring 
           113  Lever Actuator 
           114  Lever Actuator 
           115  Lever 
           116  Lever 
           117  Lever Tip 
           118  Lever Tip 
           125  Bearing Block 
           126  Bearing Block 
           127  Contouring 
           128  Contouring 
           131  Actuating Element Unit 
           132  Actuating Element Unit 
           137  Pressure Chamber 
           138  Pressure Chamber 
           201  Dual Clutch 
           202  Friction Clutch 
           203  Friction Clutch 
           225  Bearing Block 
           226  Bearing Block 
           2311  Actuating Element Unit 
           232  Actuating Element Unit 
           233  Housing 
           234  Housing 
           235  Piston 
           236  Piston 
           237  Pressure Chamber 
           238  Pressure Chamber 
           243  Pressure Chamber 
           244  Pressure Chamber 
           245  Pressure Supply Device 
           246  Control Valve 
           247  Control Valve 
           301  Dual Clutch 
           302  Friction Clutch 
           303  Friction Clutch 
           313  Lever Actuator 
           314  Lever Actuator 
           401  Dual Clutch 
           402  Friction Clutch 
           403  Friction Clutch 
           413  Lever Actuator 
           414  Lever Actuator 
           501  Dual Clutch 
           502  Friction Clutch 
           503  Friction Clutch 
           513  Lever Actuator 
           514  Lever Actuator 
           601  Dual Clutch 
           602  Friction Clutch 
           603  Friction Clutch 
           613  Lever Actuator 
           614  Lever Actuator 
           701  Dual Clutch 
           702  Friction Clutch 
           703  Friction Clutch 
           713  Lever Actuator 
           714  Lever Actuator 
           801  Dual Clutch 
           802  Friction Clutch 
           803  Friction Clutch 
           813  Lever Actuator 
           814  Lever Actuator