Abstract:
A convertible bag comprises a main bag body ( 1; 21; 31; 41; 51 ) and a first accessory. The main bag body ( 1; 21; 31; 41; 51 ) forms a garment when it is in its expanding state and the first accessory is sewed in a proper position of the main bag body ( 1; 21; 31; 41; 51 ). When the garment is converted into the main hag body ( 1; 21; 31; 41; 51 ), the first accessory is closed so that one portion of the garment is stably hided inside the other portion of the garment. The convertible bag may be a satchel, a handbag, a handy bag or a backpack. The convertible bag may also include a bag cover ( 2; 22; 32; 42; 52 ), straps ( 3; 23; 33; 43; 53 ) and an inner bag ( 11; 29; 39; 59 ). The first accessory is a slide fastener, a buckle, a fastener, a magic patch or a four-part button. The garment is a coat, a shirt, a T-shirt, a sweater, a vest, a skirt or trousers.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0001]    This present invention relates to a convertible bag, and more particularly, relates to a convertible bag which could be converted into a garment. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    People take bags to store various articles when they go out. Generally, bags are only used for storing items, but have rarely been used for other functions. Especially, we need bigger bags for storing different types of items during a travel. However, when the items are taken out or consumed upon arrival, these bags might become troublesome. On the other hand, the weather may change suddenly or other unexpected events happen during the travel, thus, we might need to put on extra clothes. It would be embarrassing if we don&#39;t carry enough clothes. Then, if our bags could be converted to garments, the problem would be solved. 
         [0003]    Likewise, in case of the temperature variation, such as entering into a warm shopping mall from a cold area, we need to spare a hand for carrying our garments after we take off the same. If we still have some other things to carry, it will be very inconvenient. However, if the garments are converted from convertible bags, we could convert the garments back to the convertible bags. Thus, not only we do not need to spare a hand to carry the garments, but also we can use the convertible bags to carry other items, which would be very user friendly. 
         [0004]    Therefore, it is highly demanded that a convertible bag could be converted to a garment and vice versa. Presently, the existing convertible bags or convertible garments available in the market have the following disadvantages:
       i. A kind of convertible garment is provided with an additional bag. The conversion of the convertible garment is only to put the garment into the bag. Then, the prime function of the bag is to store the garment rather than to store other items. That is, the main purpose of the bag is to store the garment but not other things. Therefore, the bag attached to the garment cannot function as other common bags to store lots of things.   ii. Some convertible bags or convertible garments are subject to a complex operation to finish the conversion, which is very inconvenient.   iii. Some products only hide the bag inside the garment, that is, the bag is sewn or attached to the garment. As the bag is inside the garment, the user will feel very uncomfortable after putting on the garment due to the existence of the bag.       
 
         [0008]    In addition, the existing convertible bags are generally made of waterproof or stiff materials, which would make the wearers very uncomfortable. Moreover, the converted garments are generally relative large in size, monotonous in style and nonaesthetic in appearance. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0009]    The object of the present invention is to provide a simple, practical, beautiful and comfortable convertible bag to solve the above-mentioned disadvantages in the prior arts, i.e. the monotonous functions, complexity, nonaethetic appearance and uncomfortability of the existing products. 
         [0010]    To achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides a convertible bag, which comprises a main body forming a garment in a stretched-out state and a first accessory provided suitably on the main body, in which the first accessory is engaged upon converting the garment to the main body, to securely hide part of the garment into another part of the garment. 
         [0011]    In the present invention, the convertible bag may be a satchel, a shoulder bag, a handbag, or a backpack. The garment may be a jacket, a vest, a shirt, a T-shirt, a sweater, a skirt or a pair of pants. The first accessory may be a zipper, a buckle, a button, a velcro, or a snap fastener. 
         [0012]    In addition, the convertible bag may further comprise a bag cover, and the bag cover may be detachably connected to the main body by virtue of a second accessory. Alternatively, the main body may be part of the garment and the bag cover may be the other part of the garment. A third accessory may be correspondingly provided at the bag cover and main body to enable the bag cover to abut against the main body closely. The second accessory or the third accessory may be a zipper, a buckle, a button, a velcro, or a snap fastener. 
         [0013]    In addition, the convertible bag may further comprise a strap, and the strap may be detachably connected to the main body by virtue of a fourth accessory. The fourth accessory may be a zipper, a buckle, a button, a velcro, or a snap fastener. 
         [0014]    In addition, an inner bag may be provided in the main body, and the inner bag may be detachably connected to the main body by virtue of a fifth accessory. The fifth accessory may be a zipper, a buckle, a button, a velcro, or a snap fastener. 
         [0015]    In addition, the garment may further comprise an interlayer or a lining capable of containing the above bag cover, strap and/or inner bag after the convertible bag is stretched out to form a garment. 
         [0016]    The convertible bag of the present invention has the following advantages. Before conversion, the present convertible bag could store many items just like common bags, thus, it serves the purpose of storing and carrying items as common bags. Through simple converting operation, the convertible bag could be converted to a garment, and the converted garment is beautiful and comfortable. The garment could also be converted back to a bag whenever is needed. The present invention is simple, convenient, multi-functional, beautiful and comfortable. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0017]    The embodiments of present invention will be further discussed with reference to accompanying drawings, in which: 
           [0018]      FIG. 1  is a perspective schematic view of the first embodiment of the convertible bag of the present invention; 
           [0019]      FIG. 2  is a front view of a jacket converted from the main body of the first embodiment shown in  FIG. 1 ; 
           [0020]      FIG. 3  is a back view of the jacket converted from the main body of the first embodiment shown in  FIG. 1 ; 
           [0021]      FIGS. 4-11  are schematic views illustrating the converting operation from the first embodiment of the present invention to a jacket; 
           [0022]      FIG. 12  is a perspective schematic view of the second embodiment of the convertible bag of the present invention; 
           [0023]      FIG. 13  is a front view of a jacket converted from the main body of the second embodiment shown in  FIG. 12 ; 
           [0024]      FIG. 14  is a back view of the jacket converted from the main body of the second embodiment shown in  FIG. 12 ; 
           [0025]      FIGS. 15-23  are schematic views illustrating the converting operation from the second embodiment of the present invention to a jacket; 
           [0026]      FIG. 24  is a perspective schematic view of the third embodiment of the convertible bag of the present invention; 
           [0027]      FIG. 25  is a front view of a jacket converted from the main body of the third embodiment shown in  FIG. 24 ; 
           [0028]      FIG. 26  is a back view of the jacket converted from the main body of the third embodiment shown in  FIG. 24 ; 
           [0029]      FIGS. 27-34  are schematic views illustrating the converting operation from the third embodiment of the present invention to a jacket; 
           [0030]      FIG. 35  is a perspective schematic view of the fourth embodiment of the convertible bag of the present invention; 
           [0031]      FIG. 36  is a front view of a skirt converted from the main body of the fourth embodiment shown in  FIG. 35 ; 
           [0032]      FIG. 37  is a back view of the skirt converted from the main body of the fourth embodiment shown in  FIG. 35 ; 
           [0033]      FIGS. 38-45  are schematic views illustrating the converting operation from the fourth embodiment of the present invention to a skirt; 
           [0034]      FIG. 46  is a perspective schematic view of the fifth embodiment of the convertible bag of the present invention; 
           [0035]      FIG. 47  is a front view of a pair of pants converted from the main body of the fifth embodiment shown in  FIG. 46 ; 
           [0036]      FIG. 48  is a back view of the pants converted from the main body of the fifth embodiment shown in  FIG. 46 ; 
           [0037]      FIGS. 49-57  are schematic views illustrating the converting operation from the fifth embodiment of the present invention to a pair of pants; 
           [0038]      FIG. 58  is a perspective schematic view of the sixth embodiment of the convertible bag of the present invention; 
           [0039]      FIG. 59  is a front view of a jacket converted from the main body of the sixth embodiment shown in  FIG. 58 ; 
           [0040]      FIG. 60  is a back view of the jacket converted from the main body of the sixth embodiment shown in  FIG. 58 ; 
           [0041]      FIGS. 61-65  are schematic views illustrating the converting operation from the sixth embodiment of the present invention to a jacket. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
       [0042]      FIGS. 1-11  illustrate the first embodiment of the convertible bag of the present invention. As shown in  FIG. 1 , the convertible bag is a satchel, comprising a main body  1 , a bag cover  2  and a strap  3 . The main body  1  could form a jacket in a stretched-out state.  FIG. 2  and  FIG. 3  are the front view and the back view of the jacket, respectively. The bag cover  2  is detachably connected to the main body  1  by virtue of a zipper  4  (refer to  FIG. 6 ) correspondingly provided on the bag cover  2  and the main body  1 . Snap fasteners  5  and  6  could further be correspondingly provided on the bag cover  2  and main body  1  to enable the bag cover  2  to abut against the main body  1  closely. The strap  3  is detachably connected to the main body  1  by virtue of buckles  7  as shown in a larger scale in  FIG. 5 . The above zippers, snap fasteners and buckles are interchangeable, or could be replaced by other accessories, such as velcros, buttons or pins. 
         [0043]    Zippers  8  and  9  are provided at the bottom part of the main body  1  corresponding to the middle part of the converted jacket. During the course of forming the main body  1  from the jacket, the zippers  8  and  9  are zipped up after the upper half of the jacket is hidden into the lower half thereof to form a complete bag.  FIG. 6  shows that two zippers are provided at the bottom part of the main body along the whole length thereof. However, a single zipper could be provided along the whole length of the bottom part of the main body. To make the appearance of the converted jacket aesthetic, welts  10  could be used to cover the zippers. In addition, the above zippers could be replaced by other accessories, such as snap fasteners, buckles, velcros, buttons or pins. 
         [0044]      FIGS. 4-11  illustrate the converting operation from the first embodiment of the present invention to a jacket. Firstly, as shown in  FIGS. 4 and 5 , the buckles  7  are released to detach the strap  3  from the main body  1 . Then, as shown in  FIG. 6 , the snap fasteners  5  and  6  are unbuttoned and the zipper  4  is unzipped, to detach the bag cover  2 . Next, as shown in  FIGS. 7 and 8 , the zippers  8  and  9  are unzipped. Finally, as shown in  FIGS. 9-11 , the upper half of the jacket hidden in the main body  1  is pulled out, thus, the conversion from a convertible bag to a jacket is finished. 
         [0045]    Likewise, the conversion from the jacket shown in  FIG. 2  or  3  back to the convertible bag shown in  FIG. 1  could be realized by only reversing the converting operation shown in  FIGS. 4-11 . That is, the upper half of the jacket is firstly pushed into the lower half of the jacket to be hidden by the latter. And then, the zippers  8  and  9  are zipped up to form a complete main body  1 . Next, the bag cover  2  is attached to the main body  1  by means of the zipper  4 , and the snap fasteners  5  and  6  on the bag cover  2  are buttoned. Finally, the strap  3  is attached by means of the buckles  7 . Thus, a jacket is converted into a beautiful and useful bag. 
         [0046]    In the first embodiment, as the convertible bag stores the upper half of the jacket, it may be inconvenient to take out items from or put them into the bag. Therefore, the inventor proposes a second embodiment of the present invention, that is, an inner bag is added, as shown in  FIGS. 12-23 . 
         [0047]    As shown in  FIG. 12 , the second embodiment of the present invention is similar to the first embodiment, except that an inner bag  11  (refer to  FIG. 18 ) is provided in the main body  1  of the second embodiment. The inner bag  11  is detachably connected to the main body  1  by virtue of snap fasteners  12  correspondingly provided on the inner bag  11  and main body  1 . Similarly, the above snap fasteners could be replaced by other accessories such as zippers, buckles, velcros, buttons or pins. 
         [0048]      FIGS. 15-23  illustrate the converting operation from the second embodiment of the present invention to a jacket. Firstly, as shown in  FIGS. 15 and 16 , the buckles  7  are released to detach the strap  3  from the main body  1 . Then, as shown in  FIG. 17 , the snap fasteners  5  and  6  are unbuttoned and the zipper  4  is unzipped, to detach the bag cover  2 . Next, as shown in  FIGS. 18 and 19 , the snap fasteners  12  are unbuttoned, and the inner bag  11  is taken out. Subsequently, as shown in  FIG. 20 , the zippers  8  and  9  are unzipped. Finally, as shown in  FIGS. 21-23 , the upper half of the jacket hidden in the main body  1  is pulled out, thus, the conversion from a convertible bag to a jacket is finished. 
         [0049]    Similarly, the conversion from the jacket shown in  FIG. 14  back to the convertible bag shown in  FIG. 12  could be realized by only reversing the converting operation shown in  FIGS. 15-23 . 
         [0050]      FIGS. 24-34  illustrate the third embodiment of the convertible bag of the present invention. As shown in  FIG. 24 , the convertible bag is also a satchel, comprising a main body  21 , a bag cover  22  and a strap  23 . The main body  21  could form a jacket in a stretched-out state.  FIG. 25  and  FIG. 26  are the front view and the back view of the jacket, respectively. The bag cover  22  is detachably connected to the main body  21  by virtue of a zipper  24  (refer to  FIG. 28 ) correspondingly provided on the bag cover  22  and the main body  21 . Snap fasteners  25  and  26  could further be correspondingly provided on the bag cover  22  and main body  21  to enable the bag cover  22  to abut against the main body  21  closely. The strap  23  is detachably connected to the main body  21  by virtue of zippers  27  and  28  (refer to  FIG. 31 ) correspondingly provided in the strap  23  and main body  21 . The zipper  27  is complementarily installed on the front of the main body  21  along both side edges and the bottom edge thereof and on the strap  23  along the corresponding edges thereof, while the zipper  28  is complementarily installed on the back of the main body  21  along both side edges and the bottom edge thereof and on the strap  23  along the corresponding edges thereof. 
         [0051]    In addition, an inner bag  29  (refer to  FIG. 29 ) could further be provided in the main body  21 . The inner bag  29  is detachably connected to the main body  21  by virtue of snap fasteners  30  correspondingly provided on the inner bag  29  and main body  21 . 
         [0052]    The above zippers and snap fasteners are interchangeable, or could be replaced by other accessories, such as buckles, velcros, buttons or pins. 
         [0053]      FIGS. 27-34  illustrate the converting operation from the third embodiment of the present invention to a jacket. Firstly, as shown in  FIGS. 27 and 28 , the snap fasteners  25  and  26  are unbuttoned and the zipper  24  is unzipped, to detach the bag cover  22 . Then, as shown in  FIGS. 29 and 30 , the snap fasteners  30  are unbuttoned, and the inner bag  29  is taken out. Next, as shown in  FIG. 31 , the zippers  27  and  28  are unzipped to detach the strap. Subsequently, as shown in  FIG. 32 , the part of the jacket hidden in the main body is pulled out. Finally, the part of the jacket hidden in the main body is completely pulled out, thus, the conversion from a convertible bag to a jacket is finished. 
         [0054]    Similarly, the conversion from the jacket shown in  FIG. 25  back to the convertible bag shown in  FIG. 24  could be realized by only reversing the converting operation shown in  FIGS. 27-34 . 
         [0055]      FIGS. 35-45  illustrate the fourth embodiment of the convertible bag of the present invention. As shown in  FIG. 35 , the convertible bag is also a satchel, comprising a main body  31 , a bag cover  32  and a strap  33 . The main body  31  could form a skirt in a stretched-out state.  FIG. 36  and  FIG. 37  are the front view and the back view of the skirt, respectively. The bag cover  32  is detachably connected to the main body  31  by virtue of a zipper  34  (refer to  FIG. 41 ) correspondingly provided on the bag cover  32  and the main body  31 . Snap fasteners  35  and  36  could further be correspondingly provided on the bag cover  32  and main body  31  to enable the bag cover  32  to abut against the main body  31  closely. The strap  33  is detachably connected to the main body  31  by virtue of buckles  37  as shown in a larger scale in  FIG. 39 . The above zippers, snap fasteners and buckles are interchangeable, or could be replaced by other accessories, such as velcros, buttons or pins. 
         [0056]    Zippers  381  and  382  are provided on both sides of the main body  31  corresponding to both sides of the converted skirt. During the course of forming the main body  31  from a skirt, the zippers  381  and  382  are zipped up after the skirt is folded in half to form a complete bag. In addition, the above zippers could be replaced by other accessories, such as snap fasteners, buckles, velcros, buttons or pins. 
         [0057]    In addition, an inner bag  39  (refer to  FIG. 39 ) could further be provided in the main body  31 . The inner bag  39  is detachably connected to the main body  31  by virtue of snap fasteners  40  correspondingly provided on the inner bag  39  and main body  31 , in which, the above snap fasteners could be replaced by other accessories, such as zippers, buckles, velcros, buttons or pins. 
         [0058]      FIGS. 38-45  illustrate the converting operation from the fourth embodiment of the present invention to a skirt. Firstly, as shown in  FIG. 38 , the snap fasteners  35  and  36  of the bag cover  32  are unbuttoned. Then, as shown in  FIGS. 39 and 40 , the buckles  37  are released to detach the strap  33 , and the snap fasteners  40  are unbuttoned to take out the inner bag  39 . Next, as shown in  FIG. 41 , the zipper  34  is unzipped to detach the bag cover  32 . Subsequently, as shown in  FIG. 42 , the zippers  381  and  382  are unzipped respectively. Finally, as shown in  FIG. 43-45 , the zippers are completely unzipped, thus a skirt is formed. 
         [0059]    Similarly, the conversion from the skirt shown in  FIG. 36  back to the convertible bag shown in  FIG. 35  could be realized by only reversing the converting operation shown in  FIGS. 38-45 . 
         [0060]      FIGS. 46-57  illustrate the fifth embodiment of the convertible bag of the present invention. As shown in  FIG. 46 , the convertible bag is a shoulder bag, comprising a main body  41 , a bag cover  42  and a strap  43 . The convertible bag could form a pair of pants in a stretched-out state.  FIG. 47  and  FIG. 48  are the front view and the back view of the pants, respectively. The bag cover  42  is the waist part of the pants, which is folded to the other part of the pants to form the bag cover. Snap fasteners  44  are correspondingly provided on the main body  41  and bag cover  42  to enable the bag cover  42  to abut against the main body  41  closely. The strap  43  is detachably connected to the main body  41  by virtue of buckles  45  (refer to  FIG. 51 ) correspondingly provided on the strap  43  and the main body  41 . The above snap fasteners and buckles are interchangeable, or could be replaced by other accessories, such as zippers, velcros, buttons or pins. 
         [0061]    Zippers  46  and  47  are provided at both side edges of the main body  41  corresponding to the outside edges of the pants and the part of the pants near the crotch and the openings thereof, in which the zipper  46  is provided along the outsider edges of the pants, while the zipper  47  is provided at the part of the pants near the crotch and the openings thereof. During the course of forming the main body  41  from a pair of pants, the zippers  46  and  47  are zipped up after the left half and the right half of the pants are folded together and the part of the pants outside of the zipper  47  is hidden in the other part of the pants, to form a complete bag. 
         [0062]    In addition, a single relative longer zipper (not shown in the figures) could be used to substitute the above two zippers. Alternatively, the above zippers could be replaced by other accessories, such as snap fasteners, buckles, velcros, buttons or pins. 
         [0063]      FIGS. 49-57  illustrate the converting operation from the fifth embodiment of the present invention to a pair of pants. Firstly, as shown in  FIGS. 49-52 , the buckles  45  are released and the strap  43  is detached from the main body  41 . Then, as shown in  FIGS. 53 and 54 , the snap fasteners  44  are unbuttoned to stretch out the bag cover  42 . Finally, as shown in  FIGS. 55 and 57 , the zippers  46  and  47  are unzipped and the hidden part of the pants is pulled out, thus, a pair of pants is formed. 
         [0064]    Similarly, the conversion from the pants shown in  FIG. 47  back to the convertible bag shown in  FIG. 46  could be realized by only reversing the converting operation shown in  FIGS. 49-57 . 
         [0065]      FIGS. 58-65  illustrate the sixth embodiment of the convertible bag of the present invention. As shown in  FIG. 58 , the convertible bag is a backpack, comprising a main body  51 , a bag cover  52  and a strap  53 . The convertible bag could form a jacket in a stretched-out state.  FIG. 59  and  FIG. 60  are the front view and the back view of the jacket, respectively. The bag cover  52  is the collar part of the pants, which is folded to the other part of the pants to form the bag cover. Buckles  54  and  55  are correspondingly provided on the main body  51  and bag cover  52 , to enable the bag cover  52  to abut against the main body  51  closely as shown in a larger scale in  FIG. 61 . The strap  53  is detachably connected to the main body  51  by virtue of buckles  56  (refer to  FIG. 51 ) correspondingly provided on the strap  53  and the main body  51 . The above buckles could be replaced by other accessories, such as snap fasteners, zippers, velcros, buttons or pins. 
         [0066]    Zippers  57  and  58  are provided along the peripherals of the main body  51  and are symmetrical with respect to the central axis of the main body  51 , thus the zippers  57  and  58  could cover the whole peripherals of the main body  51 . In the form of a jacket converted from the convertible bag, the zippers  57  and  58  are symmetrical with respect to the central line of the jacket, and one half of each zipper is provided on the front of the jacket, while the mating half is provide on the back of the jacket. During the course of forming the main body  51  from jacket, the zippers  57  and  58  are zipped up after the part of the jacket except for the collar part is hidden in the area surrounded by the zippers  57  and  58 , to form a complete bag. The zippers could be replaced by other accessories, such as snap fasteners, buckles, velcros, buttons or pins. 
         [0067]    In addition, an inner bag  59  (refer to  FIG. 65 ) could further be provided in the main body  51 . The inner bag  59  is detachably connected to the main body  51  by virtue of snap fasteners  60  correspondingly provided on the inner bag  59  and main body  51 . The above snap fasteners  60  could be replaced by other accessories, such as snap fasteners, buckles, velcros, buttons or pins. 
         [0068]      FIGS. 61-64  illustrate the converting operation from the sixth embodiment of the present invention to a jacket. Firstly, as shown in  FIG. 61 , the buckles  54  and  55  are released to stretch out the bag cover  52  to form the collar part of the jacket. Next, as shown in  FIG. 62 , the buckles  56  are released to detach the strap  53 . Then, as shown in  FIG. 63 , the zippers  57  and  58  are unzipped to pull out the hidden part of the jacket from the area surrounded by the zippers. Finally, as shown in  FIG. 64 , the sleeves of the jacket are pulled out, thus, the conversion from the convertible bag to the jacket is finished. In addition, if the convertible bag has been provided with the inner bag  59 , the inner bag  59  could be taken out by unbuttoning the snap fasteners  60 , as shown in  FIG. 65 . 
         [0069]    Similarly, the conversion from the jacket shown in  FIG. 59  back to the convertible bag shown in  FIG. 58  could be realized by only reversing the converting operation shown in  FIGS. 61-64 . If the convertible bag is further provided with the inner bag  59 , the converting operation shall start from attaching the inner bag  59  in the jacket as shown in  FIG. 65 , and then be performed by reversing the converting operation shown in  FIGS. 61-64 . 
         [0070]    As mentioned in the above embodiments, the convertible bag of the present invention can be further provided with a bag cover, an inner bag and/or a strap. The bag cover is used to close the bag on one hand, and to enhance the aesthetic of the bag on the other hand. The inner bag facilitates the storing the items in the convertible bag or taking out them from the convertible bag. The strap makes it easy to take the convertible bag. When the convertible bag is converted to a garment, these supplementary can be put into the detachable inner bag or put into the interlayer/lining of the garment provided with the convertible bag. As the supplementary are small in size, after the conversion from the convertible bag to a garment and these supplementary are placed properly, they will almost not affect the comfortability. 
         [0071]    Before conversion, the present convertible bag could store many items just like common bags, thus, it serves the purpose of storing and carrying items as common bags. Through simple converting operation, the convertible bag could be converted to a garment, and the converted garment is beautiful and comfortable. The garment could also be converted back to a bag whenever is needed. The present invention is simple, convenient, multi-functional, beautiful and comfortable. 
         [0072]    The present invention is only illustratively described in the example of a satchel, a shoulder bag and a backpack; however, the present convertible bag could also be a handbag, waist pack or any other kinds of bags. In addition, the above description only illustrates the conversion from the bag to a jacket, a skirt or a pair of pants; however, the convertible bag of the present invention could also be produced to be able to convert to other kinds of garments, such as a vest, shirt, T-shirt or sweater. 
         [0073]    Although the description of the present invention is made with reference to the preferred embodiments, the present invention is not limited to these embodiments. Various modifications and changes can be made to the invention by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scopes of the present invention.