Abstract:
A non-lethal method and devices for dispersing nuisance birds from a preselected area. Such nuisance birds disrupt many activities such as the steady flow of safely moving aircraft on runways and adjacent thereto, growing crops on farmland, playing golf and the use of the interior of large open buildings. The present method utilizes a series of bright light sources that are positioned adjacent the area from which the birds are to be dispersed. The light sources are activated to produce one or more beams of bright light that are moved in such a manner to produce a pattern of bright light in the vicinity of the birds to be dispersed. This action causes the birds to become sufficiently startled and disoriented so as to disperse these nuisance birds from the area to be cleared.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application claims priority of Provisional Application No. 60/300,347, entitled NON-LETHAL VISUAL BIRD DISPERSAL SYSTEM filed on Jun. 22, 2001, and is a continuation-in-part of and claims priority of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/785,701 filed Feb. 16, 2001 now U.S. Pat. No. 6,575,597 entitled NON-LETHAL VISUAL BIRD DISPERSAL SYSTEM which in turn is a continuation-in-part of and claims priority of copending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/409,328 filed Sep. 30, 1999 entitled ENHANCED NON-LETHAL VISUAL SECURITY DEVICE now U.S. Pat. No. 6,190,022 which claims priority of Provisional Application No. 60/135,231 filed May 21, 1999 and which in turn is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/967,426 filed Nov. 10, 1997 entitled SELF-CONTAINED LASER ILLUMINATOR MODULE now U.S. Pat. No. 6,007,218 which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/518,230 filed Aug. 23, 1995 entitled EYE SAFE LASER SECURITY DEVICE now U.S. Pat. No. 5,685,636. A PCT application S.N. PCT/US98/01662 was filed on Jan. 29, 1998 based upon U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/967,426. Another PCT Application Serial No. PCT/US96/13556 is based upon U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/518,230. All applications and patents are incorporated herein by reference. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention relates generally to a bird dispersal methodology and device and, more particularly, to non-lethal, bird dispersal methods and devices based on intense light to provide a means of dispersing nuisance birds. 
     Birds in general pose serious problems in several areas of society. These problems range from the physical presence of birds, such as birds roosting on or near airport runways, increasing the probability of bird/aircraft strikes, to property damage resulting from bird excrement on equipment or structures. 
     In recent years, due to changes in land use, climate changes, and cultural practices, populations of several avian species has increased. Associated with this increase in population, is damage to property as well as increased risks to human health and safety. Although these problems are on the rise, the number of management options available to control birds has been limited to non-lethal approaches. 
     There are three primary areas of concern with nuisance birds: 1) potential of injury or death and associated property damage from bird strikes on aircrafts; 2) damage to property from bird excrement and nesting materials inside warehouses, public parks, golf courses, aircraft hangers, buildings, and rooftops; and 3) the depredation of crops in the agriculture and aquaculture industries. The impact nuisance birds have on these areas is primarily economic. Any means to limit the number of birds in these areas and the associated damages is of great value. Past bird dispersal techniques generally employed the use of high volume audible alarms or explosives to disperse birds. These devices, however, were limited to rural areas where the intense noise did not disturb residents. 
     It is therefore an object of this invention to provide a method to control and disperse nuisance birds through the use of intense light. 
     It is another object of this invention to provide a non-lethal, visual bird dispersal device that is capable of low cost manufacture. 
     It is still another object of this invention to provide a non-lethal, visual bird dispersal device that is extremely effective as an avian repellent under a wide range of conditions. 
     It is a further object of this invention to provide a non-lethal, visual bird dispersal device that is capable of automated, unmanned operation in a wide range of conditions. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The objects set forth above as well as further and other objects and advantages of the present invention are achieved by the embodiments of the invention described herein below. 
     The present invention provides a system and method of using intense light for the purpose of dispersing nuisance birds. The method incorporates therein, but not limited to, the inclusion therein of a device or plurality of devices capable of producing cost effective laser light directly from a laser diode source or light from light emitting diodes (LED&#39;s), as well the incorporation of an automated scanning system to facilitate unmanned operation of the device(s). 
     More specifically, the present invention provides an effective system for projecting light directly from a laser diode source to provide a beam of relative intensity. By the addition of an automated scanning system within the present invention, and the method in which it is used, the system can be operated in an autonomous manner allowing for unmanned use. 
     The use of intense light to disperse birds is suitable for use in virtually all rural or urban settings. Different configurations of the projected light can be used to increase effectiveness depending on the intended area of use. For those scenarios where the target area is in an urban setting, or where precise control of the light is required to limit human exposure, the light can be configured as a spot allowing for precise placement of the light on a specific target or individual bird. For those scenarios where the target area is much larger, as in agriculture or aquaculture industry, the light can be configured as a line of appropriate divergence allowing for a single sweep of the device to cover the entire area of interest. 
     The present method of this invention for nuisance bird dispersal utilizes laser security devices such as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,685,636, U.S. Pat. No. 6,007,218 and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/409,328, all incorporated herein by reference which employ the same light sources at any narrow wavelength band between 400 and 700 nanometers (the entire visible light spectrum from blue to red) and provide either continuous or repetitively pulsed (on-off flashing) light. The present invention addresses the use of laser devices in a method suitable for use as a bird dispersal device, either hand held or mounted to an unmanned automated scanning device. 
     For a better understanding of the present invention, together with other and further objects thereof, reference is made to the accompanying drawings and detailed description and its scope will be pointed out in the appended claims. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a golf course, farm land and/or air field or the like which incorporates therein the present invention; 
     FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of a hanger, warehouse or the like which incorporates therein the present invention; 
     FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of a runway or the like which incorporates therein the present invention; 
     FIG. 4 a  is a graphic representation of a laser output beam having a strong central intensity peak; 
     FIG. 4 b  is a graphic representation of a laser output beam having an intensity peak substantially flat across its entire diameter; 
     FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of a preferred embodiment of the present invention using multiple laser light sources; 
     FIG. 6 is a schematic representation of another embodiment of the present invention using multiple light-emitting diodes (LED) light sources; 
     FIG. 7 is a schematic representation of still another embodiment of the present invention utilizing a hybrid laser/LED light source; 
     FIG. 8 is a schematic representation of a further embodiment of the present invention using an LED array; 
     FIG. 9 is a front view of the LED array utilized in the embodiment of FIG. 8; 
     FIG. 10 is a schematic representation of the electronics and control circuitry used to power multiple lasers; 
     FIG. 11 is a schematic representation of the electronics used to drive multiple LEDs; 
     FIG. 12 is a schematic representation of the LED power supply circuit; 
     FIG. 13 is a schematic representation of still another embodiment of the present invention for direct coupling of laser diode to produce a laser beam; 
     FIG. 14 is a schematic representation of still another embodiment of the present invention for utilizing an automated scanning system; 
     FIG. 15 is a perspective view of an alternative embodiment in the form of a hand-held device; 
     FIG. 16 is a cross-section view of the alternative embodiment of FIG. 15; 
     FIG. 17 is a photograph of the back panel of the handheld device of FIG. 15; 
     FIG. 18 is a cross-section view of the hand-held device of FIG. 15 operably connected to an autofocus device for adjusting light beam diameter; 
     FIG. 19 is View A of FIG. 16 illustrating one embodiment of a beam adjustment mechanism of the hand-held device of FIG. 15; 
     FIG. 20 is a cross-section view of another embodiment of a beam adjustment mechanism of the hand-held device of FIG. 15; 
     FIG. 21 is a cross-section view of an alternative embodiment of the hand-held device of FIG. 15 having a fixed beam focus length; 
     FIG. 22 is a schematic showing the safety interlock electronics and associated electrical components; and 
     FIG. 23 is a schematic showing a laser diode with beam forming optics. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     In order to better understand the present invention, the following description provides a basic overview of the methodology of this invention followed by a detailed description of the various preferred embodiments of this invention for effecting those concepts in enhanced non-lethal bird dispersal devices. 
     More specifically, ultra bright light sources offer an effective non-lethal approach to control and disperse birds. The predominant effect generated from the light is psychological. The laser light projects a visible spot, moving or stationary, on or near the target bird(s). This simulates a foreign object in the immediate vicinity of the bird, producing a startle reflex in the bird and causing it to flee. This response alerts and startles other birds in the area causing them to flee as well. The light can also be used to illuminate birds directly, causing them to look into the laser beam. The light produced in the eye of the bird creates an intense light pattern, making the distance to the light source difficult to determine, causing disorientation and confusion. 
     One embodiment of the present invention involves the dispersal of nuisance birds on golf courses, farmlands, airfields and the like. FIG. 1 shows one possible configuration of the laser device(s)  1  near a golf course lake where nuisance birds have congregated. The device can be used as a hand held device or automated for unmanned operation. FIG. 1 shows the laser device placed on the ground at a golf course in the immediate vicinity of the birds and is periodically activated to sweep the laser beam across the area of interest. Random motion and activation of the laser beam decrease the likelihood of habituation of the birds to become accustom to the high intensity light source. 
     Another embodiment of the invention incorporates the use of the device(s)  1  in warehouses and airport hangers  2 . This concept, shown in FIG. 2, and is utilized to keep birds from nesting or congregating in the rafters inside of structures. Once again the present invention can be used manually from the ground to illuminate and sweep birds out of the building or can be used in the unmanned automated configuration and placed inside the structure in the rafters. Typical operation in this scenario places a single device in the center of the building near the ceiling. At random or predetermined time intervals, the device is swept around the entire ceiling, removing or preventing birds from perching in the rafters. The precise control of the device allows for treatment of a specific area. In this particular case, the device can be directed to dispersing birds from the rafters and not affect normal activities of personnel on the ground. This same concept can also be used on rooftops to avoid nesting of birds in roof mounted mechanical equipment such as heating and cooling systems. 
     An additional embodiment of this invention involves the placing of a non-lethal light emitting device(s)  1  adjacent to airport runways  3  to reduce the potential of bird air strikes on planes  4  during take-off and landing. FIG. 3 shows the present invention placed on the ground near typical roosting or nesting areas near the airport. The device is directed to sweep only the area of interest and is directed toward the ground to ensure the device does not disrupt aircraft activities. The primary effect with this scenario is to create an undesirable area for birds to congregate and roost. Several devices may be necessary to effectively reduce bird populations. 
     Light emitting devices such as the type described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,685,636, U.S. Pat. No. 6,007,218 and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/409,328 all of which being incorporated herein by reference, utilize extremely bright light at predetermined wavelengths, beam diameters, intensities, and flashing patterns to create temporary visual impairment (by glare and/or flashblinding) to cause hesitation, delay, distraction, disorientation, and reductions in functional effectiveness of nuisance birds. 
     Another preferred embodiment of the present invention utilizes one or more light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in place of the laser for certain, short-range applications. Light-emitting diodes are non-laser semiconductor light sources that share a laser&#39;s ability to emit light of a specific wavelength. Recently several ultra-brightness Single LEDs (Gilway Technical Lamp Stock # E184—red, E903—green, E474—blue for example) and LED arrays (Opto Technology Stock # OTL-660A-9-4-66-E—red, OTL530A3-4-66-E—green, OTL-470A-3-4-66-E—blue for example) have become commercially available. The cost of such single LEDs and LED arrays is considerably less than that of a laser. By the utilization of LEDs and/or LED arrays and their associated circuitry within the device of the present invention, the present invention takes advantage of such cost savings. 
     The output beams produced by most lasers are not of uniform intensity throughout the beam area but rather have one or more “hot” spots. Within these hot spots, the light intensity can be several times brighter than the average intensity of the beam. The ideal laser beam for these applications would have a flat intensity profile throughout the entire beam area. FIGS. 4 a  and  4   b  of the drawings illustrate this point. The typical laser output beam of FIG. 1 a  has a strong central intensity peak. However, the laser beam of FIG. 1 b  is essentially flat across its entire diameter, allowing the laser output power and the brightness of the beam as seen by an adversary to be several times greater than the beam in FIG. 4 a.    
     In some cases, within the bird dispersal methodology of the present invention, it is beneficial to alter the output pattern of a light source or light emitter in order to achieve illumination that is more uniform than otherwise possible from the light emitter. For example, typical semiconductor laser diodes emit light that is highly divergent in one direction and much less divergent in the perpendicular direction. The result is an illumination pattern that is rectangular, often 20 times wider in one direction (up and down, for example) than in the perpendicular direction (left and right, for example). In this case, in order to achieve more uniform illumination, it is beneficial to alter the output pattern by focusing the semiconductor laser diode&#39;s light into an optical fiber. Light emitted from the distal end of the fiber is then made more uniform by the physical properties of the optical fiber. The rectangular emission pattern of light emission from the semiconductor laser diode is altered, by focusing the light into an optical fiber and into a round and uniform illumination pattern. A more detailed description of the optical fibers and their relationship with the light sources is provided below with respect to FIGS. 5 through 7. 
     In the embodiment of the present invention related to the use of LEDs as a light source or light emitter, the light emitter output pattern is already relatively uniform. It should be realized that focusing the emitter&#39;s light into an optical fiber would still improve the uniformity of the illumination pattern. However, with such a relatively uniform emitter, it may be possible to achieve sufficiently uniform illumination without the use of an optical fiber. 
     A further preferred embodiment of the present invention utilizes at least two colors of light within the device to substantially improve the effectiveness when used to produce disorientation of birds in the flashing mode. By the incorporation within the device of electronic circuitry as described in detail with respect to FIGS. 10 and 11 of the drawings, to sequentially flash first one color light source then another color light source in repeated cycles, enables the disorientation affect to be significantly greater than that produced by a single-color on-off flashing light. 
     Reference is now made to FIGS. 5-11 of the drawings for a more detailed description of the inventive embodiments where, for ease of understanding of the invention, like reference numerals will be used for substantially identical components. FIG. 5 of the drawings illustrates the preferred embodiment of the invention in the form of a handheld device or system  10 A which incorporates therein the use of light sources of different wavelengths (or a single laser capable of multiple wavelengths. It should also be realized, however, that the present invention is not limited to handheld devices. 
     As shown in FIG. 5, the various components of this invention are contained within a rugged housing  12 . All components are contained within housing  12 , preferably made of aluminum, which is also preferably sealed and weatherproof. The function of the housing  12  is to provide protection to the internal components and to provide a rigid structure for all optical and electronic components. Within the housing  12  reside power source  14 , preferably in the form of batteries (although a DC power supply can also be used), multiple lasers, each laser emitting light of a different color. For example, laser  24   a  is preferably red in color (Applied Optronics Corporation, AOC-670-250-T3), laser  24   b  is preferably green in color (Casix, DPGL-1050), and, if desired, a third laser  24   c  is preferably blue in color. It is also possible to use even additional lasers of different colors. Each laser is aligned into respective coiled optical fibers  18  (for example, Mitshubishi, SK-10 Optical Grade Fibers). A fiber coupling unit  22  (for example, Thor Labs, Inc., 10770A, SMA Connector) serves to bring the multiple coiled fibers  18  to a single output point. Any suitable optical lens assembly  20  (for, example, Lens 1 Optimax Corporation, Custom Spherical, Lens 2 Optimax Corporation, Custom Spherical, Lens 3 Newport Corporation, KPX-232) shapes the beam, provides uniform intensity distribution, and collimates the beam. The optical lens assembly  20  preferably has some adjustablility in order to obtain a desired spot size for the particular application. This adjustablility feature is described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,007,218. The device  10 A is activated using a momentary ON/OFF activation switch  26  located on the outside of housing  12  in a manner similar to that described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,685,636 and U.S. patent application No. 6,007,218. A multi-position switch  40  is used to select which laser or lasers will be activated in a manner as set forth in detail below. 
     All of the embodiments of the present invention are capable of activating several modes using the multi-position switch  40  and the momentary ON/OFF switch  26  and the control computer  44  (described in more detail with respect to FIGS. 10 and 11. One mode of operation would allow continuous ON mode for one or more of the selected light sources. For example, red green, or blue light sources would be emitted continuously from the device. Additionally, another mode of operation would allow for flickering (blinking) of one or more selected light emitting sources. For example, red, green or blue light sources flickering at the same time (in phase). Another mode would involve flickering selected light sources in an offset manner, perhaps completely out of phase from each other. For example, red and green light sources flickering at the same frequency such that the red source is ON while the green source is OFF, so that light emitted from the device alternates red, green, red, green, etc. Also, another mode of operation would consist of flickering selected light sources at different frequencies. For example, a red source flickers 8 times per second, a green source flickers 12 times per second and a blue source at 16 times per second. Finally, any number of modes consisting of a combination of those just described. For example, a blue light emits continuously while red and green sources flicker (either at the same time, or offset, or at different frequencies). 
     In the present invention multi-position switch  40  is capable of activating the modes described above. For example, continuous ON mode for all lasers  24   a ,  24   b ,  24   c , continuous ON mode for selected lasers, such as  24   a ,  24   b , flicker (or blinking) mode for all lasers  24   a ,  24   b ,  24   c , and flicker mode of only select color lasers  24   a ,  24   b ,  24   c  at various flicker frequencies. In addition, the flicker mode of operation could also be controlled with the momentary ON/OFF switch  26  by incorporating a delay or timer circuit. In this scenario, if the momentary ON/OFF switch  26  is activated, continuous light may be emitted from the beam for 5 seconds, and then the device would automatically engage flicker or flashing mode. Depressing of the momentary ON/OFF activation switch  26  activates the device or system  10 A once a setting has been selected with the multi-position switch  40 . It would also be desirable to change the multi-position switch  40  while the main momentary ON/OFF switch  26  is engaged. With the present invention, a flash rate of approximately 8 Hz provides optimal disorientation for on-off flashing. If the light is flashed between two colors in different parts of the visible spectrum (red and green or red and blue for example) rather than on and off, the disorientation is enhanced because the eye is trying to adapt. 
     Still referring to FIG. 5, each laser  24   a ,  24   b ,  24   c  has a respective coiled optical fiber  18  associated with it. The optical fibers  18  are aligned with their respective laser  24   a ,  24   b , or  24   c  to provide good optical throughput. The fibers are coiled into multiple loops in order to “mix-up” or “homogenize” the output beam. Reference is made to U.S. Pat. No. 6,007,218 for additional fiber coiling information. This coiling also keeps the intensity profile of the output beam to be very nearly constant throughout the beam area as shown in FIG. 4 b . The output end of the coiled fibers  18  are assembled into a conventional coupling device  22  which is mounted near the focal point of the optical lens assembly  20 . 
     FIG. 6 shows a variation of the preferred embodiment of FIG. 5 in which security device or system  10 B uses multiple LEDs  28   a ,  28   b  and  28   c  in place of the multiple lasers  24   a ,  24   b  and  24   c , respectively. Contained within housing  12  are multiple LEDs  28   a  (preferably red in color, OptoTechnology OTL-660a-3-466E or Gilway Technical Lamp, E184),  28   b  (preferably green in color, OptoTechnology OTL-530a-9-4-66E or Gilway Technical Lamp, E903), and  28   c  (preferably blue in color, OptoTechnology OTL-4703-4-66E or Gilway Technical Lamp, E474). The LEDs  28   a ,  28   b , and  28   c  may be fiber coupled using a coiled optical fiber  18  for each LED. Also, the LEDs could be arranged in an array  32  as shown in FIG.  8 . Still referring to FIG. 6, the LEDs  28   a ,  28   b ,  28   c  are aligned with each coiled fiber  18 , respectively. Coiling is necessary if beam shaping is needed. If the unmodified output of the LED is “round” or uniformly shaped, it may not be necessary to use a coiled fiber. However, if space inside a housing  12  is limited, fibers may be used to “guide” the beam location where it may be imaged. Once coiled, the fibers  18  are polished. Polishing of fibers is commonly accomplished by sanding the fiber face with sequentially higher grit sandpaper until the desired finish is attained. Once polished, the fibers  18  are collected together in a conventional fiber coupling device  22 . Any suitable optical lens assembly  20  is used to shape the beam for a variety of uses. A lens assembly  20  that diverges the beam quickly may be useful for short-range applications, and a lens assembly  20  that has a small divergence or is collimated is preferred for long range applications. Adjustment in the placement of the lens assembly  20  may be desirable in order to have additional options of spot size. A momentary ON/OFF switch  26  and multi-position switch  40  are used to activate the device or system  10 B in a variety of modes as discussed above with respect to the embodiment of FIG.  5 . 
     It is important to note that the electronics  30  (described in detail with respect to FIG. 11) used to drive the LEDs  28   a ,  28   b , and  28   c  is very simplified from the circuitry used with the lasers. LEDs are easy to power with only batteries  14  and a simple voltage regulator integrated circuit and associated resistors and capacitors while the circuitry of electronics  16  requires sophisticated power supply circuitry. LEDs are cost effective and have a long, stable lifetime, therefore a monitor photodiode or other sophisticated electronics are not needed. Less sophisticated electronics along with low LED prices make this embodiment very cost effective for short range applications. 
     FIG. 7 depicts a hybrid version of the invention as embodied in device  10 C in which both a laser  24   a  and LEDs  28   b ,  28   c  are used to provide an effective bird dispersal device, although the exact combination of lasers and LEDs may vary within the scope of this invention. This embodiment of the invention is desirable in order obtain a good mix of output power with cost effectiveness. Preferably laser  24   a  is red in color, small, compact, and commonly available. LEDs  28   b , and  28   c  provide green and blue light, respectively. All of the light sources  24   a ,  28   b , and  28   c  may be coupled with respective optical fibers  18  and brought together at a fiber coupling device  22 . Once again, any suitable optical lens assembly  20  gives beam shaping capabilities to the output beam(s). The electronics  16  are moderately sophisticated, a portion of the electronics  16  must be able to provided constant current to the laser  24   a  (such as laser power supply circuit  42   a  as shown in FIG.  10 ). The LED electronics  30  needed to supply power to the light sources  18   b  and  28   c  require only simple voltage regulator integrated circuits (such as shown by the LED power supply circuits in FIG. 11) in order to operate within specification. The batteries  14  provide power to the device  10 C. A momentary ON/OFF activation switch  26  activates the device  10 C. The device  10 C can be activated in several modes including both continuous and flicker of one or more light sources  24   a ,  28   b , and  28   c  using the multi-position switch  40 . This embodiment of the invention is very versatile and provides effective long and short range capability. 
     FIG. 8 of the drawings depicts another embodiment of the preferred embodiment. The light source in the device  10 D of this embodiment is in the form of an array of LEDs  32  mounted to a base such as a printed circuit board (PCB)  38 . This embodiment of the invention is simply powered by the batteries  14  and electronics module  30  of the type described with reference to FIG. 2 above and FIG. 8 below. Once again any suitable optical lens assembly  20  may be used to shape or focus the output beam. A momentary switch  26  provides activation to the system  10 D in a variety of modes as described hereinabove. 
     FIG. 9 illustrates a front view of the LED array  32  used in the above embodiment. An array  32  of multicolored LEDs (red),  34  (green),  36  (blue) are mounted on the base  38 . This array  32  is then mounted into the housing  12 . An optical lens assembly (not shown in this figure) may be needed to shape the outcoming beam. 
     Reference is now made more specifically to the electronics  16  and  30  utilized within the various embodiments of this invention. FIG. 10 is a schematic of the electronic circuitry  16  that provides for sequentially flashing multiple lasers. A separate laser power supply circuit  42   a ,  42   b  and  42   c  powers each laser  24   a ,  24   b  and  24   c , respectively. Each of the power supply circuits  42   a ,  42   b  and  42   c  is preferably identical in design to the Laser Diode Switching Power Supply Circuit in U.S. Pat. No. 5,685,636 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,685,636, both of which as stated above being incorporated herein by reference. The power supply circuits  42   a ,  42   b , and  42   c  provide the well-regulated, constant-current electrical power required for safe operation of semiconductor laser diodes. A laser control computer  44  utilizing, for example, an inexpensive Programmable Integrated Circuit (PIC) (Microchip Technology, Inc., PIC12CE67X), provides individual ON/OFF control signals to the control input pins of the multiple power supply circuits  42   a ,  42   b , and  42   c . The PIC (not shown) contained within the laser control computer  44  is programmed to provide the appropriate ON/OFF control signals in response to a multi-position switch  40 , which is set by the user to select operating modes. Battery power  14  provides DC electrical power to the laser power supply circuits  42   a ,  42   b , and  42   c  and the laser control computer  44  whenever the momentary ON/OFF activation switch  26  is depressed by the user to activate the security device  10 A. 
     FIG. 11 is a schematic of the electronic circuitry  30  that provides for sequentially flashing multiple LEDs. The operation of the LED control circuit  30  is basically identical to that described for the multiple laser control circuit  16  shown in FIG.  10 . As with circuitry  16 , a PIC based control computer  44  is programmed to provide the appropriate ON/OFF control signals in response to a multi-position switch  40  whenever the momentary ON/OFF activation switch  26  is depressed. However, it is important to note that the LED power supply circuits  46   a ,  46   b , and  46   c  differ from the laser power supply circuit  42   a ,  42   b , and  42   c  of FIG.  10 . The lasers ( 24   a ,  24   b , and  24   c  shown in FIG. 10) require a complex switching power supply to provide a constant current. The LEDs, however, require only simple voltage regulator integrated circuits  46   a ,  46   b , and  46   c  (Micrel Semiconductor, MIC2951), respectively. Such voltage regulator integrated circuits are very inexpensive, usually costing substantially less than the laser power supply circuits  42   a ,  42   b , and  42   c . The power supply cost difference, when combined with the very large cost difference between laser diodes and LEDs, provides embodiments of the present invention which are economically attractive. 
     FIG. 12 is a schematic of the LED power supply circuit  46   a ,  46   b , or  46   c  that provides operation of the LEDs. A simple commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) voltage regulator circuit provides the electronics with a voltage in, voltage out, control signal, and common ground. This circuit is highly simplified from the laser power supply circuit ( 42   a ,  42   b  or  42   c ) and the laser power supply circuitry depicted in U.S. Pat. No. 5,685,636. 
     FIG. 13 of the drawings depicts another embodiment of the preferred embodiment of the bird dispersal contained within rugged housing  12 . The light source in the device  10 E of this embodiment is in the form of a single laser  24   a ,  24   b , or  24   c . The light output of laser  24   a ,  24   b , or  24   c  is simply projected through beam expanding lens  47  in place of fiber coupling. It should be noted that the beam expanding lens  47  may be either positive or negative in optical power. Once again any suitable optical lens assembly  20  may be used to shape or focus the output beam. This embodiment of the invention is simply powered by the batteries  14  or external power supply via DC power leads  48  and electronics  16  of the type described with reference to FIG. 5 above. A momentary switch  26  provides activation to the system  10 E in a variety of modes as described hereinabove. The system  10 E may also be activated by computer control  44 . 
     FIG. 14 of the drawings depicts still another embodiment of the invention. This embodiment of the invention depicts device  10 A,  10 B,  10 C,  10 D, or  10 E mounted inside rugged container or housing  49 . Rugged container or housing  49  is comprised of a cylindrical section of a larger diameter tube  50  preferably, but not limited to, polycarbonate enclosed by end plates  51  and  52 . Polycarbonate tube  50  is of suitable diameter to contain and mount devices  10 A,  10 B,  10 C,  10 D, or  10 E and is clear in color allowing light to project from the device through the tube wall. The rugged container  49  is mounted to any suitable motor enclosure  53 . Motor enclosure  53  contains a computer-controlled motor  54  with drive shaft  55  extending into, but not through rugged container  49 . Devices  10 A,  10 B,  10 C,  10 D, or  10 E are mounted to drive shaft  55  via device mount  56 . When activated, the motor  54  rotates drive shaft  55  and the device in a random or predetermined manner, such as scanning. The motor  54  is controlled via computer control  57  and is externally powered by battery  58  or any available AC power supply via AC power plug  59 . 
     FIGS. 15,  16  and  17  illustrate another embodiment 102 of the present invention in the form of a hand-held device. The components of this embodiment include: a power source, for example a battery  60 , hand grip  62  with manual trigger  64 , a trigger switch  109 , optical front cover  66 , collimating optical system  68 , lens cone  70 , laser diode heat sink/collimation adjustor  72 , laser diode mount  74 , laser or light emitting diode  76 , laser diode power supply  82 , anchor plate  84 , upper clamping bracket  86 A, lower clamping bracket  86 B, safety interlock electronics  88 , key switch interlock  90 , an armed light-emitting diode (LED) status indicator  92 A, a laser LED status indicator  92 B, and a beam adjustment mechanism (to be discussed in detail below), and a housing  94 . Through the following description uses the terms laser and bright light in referring to the light emitted from the present invention, it is understood that laser and any non-laser bright light are used interchangeably to mean any bright light. The beam adjustment mechanism is preferably a manually operated mechanical system, however, the present invention can be operably connected to an autofocus  110 , as illustrated in FIG.  18 . 
     As illustrated in FIG. 19, one embodiment 120 of the many possible mechanical beam adjustment mechanisms to achieve variable laser beam focus includes an adjustment knob  103 , beam adjustment slide  105 , beam adjustment lever  104 , and beam adjustment tube  106 . The adjustment knob  103  has an externally threaded shaft  107  compatible with the internally threaded bore  119  of the beam adjustment slide  105 , such that when adjustment knob  103  is rotated, the adjustment beam slide  105  moves forward or backward. The adjustment beam slide  105  contacts the beam adjustment lever  104 , which causes adjustment lever  104  to pivot about point P of lower clamping bracket  86 B forward or backward depending on the rotational direction of adjustment knob  103 . Adjustment lever  104  contacts beam adjustment tube  106  causing beam adjustment tube  106  to contact laser diode  76 , which is slidably contained inside the bore  111  of laser diode heat sink/collimation adjustor  72 , allowing the laser diode  76  to move relative to collimating optical system  68 , as shown in FIG.  16 . 
     In the mechanical beam adjustment mechanism described-above, a beam adjustment spring  112  (see FIG. 19) is provided to exert a force to slide the laser diode  76  back to a predetermined position as the adjustment knob  103  is turned in the reverse direction. The beam adjustment spring  112  compresses as the adjustment knob  103  turns, for example counter clockwise, to focus on birds at short distances. As the distance increases, the laser diode  76  must slide back to focus on the birds at the new distance. The beam adjustment spring  112  provides the backward force as the adjustment knob  103  turns, for example clockwise, to slide the laser diode  76  back. 
     There are many mechanical methods to stop the forward movement of the laser diode  76 . Mechanical methods can include one or more stops, for example, the beam adjustment spring  112  being fully compressed, or, preferably, by the adjustment lever  104  contacting the clamping bracket  86 A conventionally attached to housing  94 , shown in FIG.  19 . However, other surfaces can be used as contact or stopping surfaces. 
     Similarly, the backward movement of the laser diode  76  can be controlled by mechanical stops too. Preferably, beam adjustment stop  108  provides the physical constraint to stop backward movement of the mechanical system. Beam adjustment stop  108  is conventionally attached to housing  94 . The preferred embodiment of the beam adjustment stop  108  includes a bore  113  sized larger than the outer diameter of the externally threaded shaft  107 , such that the externally threaded shaft  107  does not bind within bore  113 . However, the present invention is also operable with a boreless stop. The externally threaded shaft  107  passes through the bore  113  of the beam adjustment stop  108  and is threaded into adjustment beam slide  105 . The backward movement of the laser diode  76  stops when the adjustment beam slide  105  contacts the beam adjustment stop  108 . 
     An alternative mechanical system for the beam adjustment mechanism is a linkage system  200 , as shown in FIG.  20 . As with the lever system, linkage system  200  preferably is a manually operated mechanical system, but can be automated. One embodiment of the many possible mechanical linkage systems to achieve variable laser beam focus includes common components of the preferred beam adjustment mechanism described-above with the same numbering scheme in cooperation with new linkage components: an adjustment knob  103 , linkage beam adjustment slide  205 , linkage beam adjustment rod  204 , and linkage pivot plate  208  attached to beam adjustment tube  106 . The adjustment knob  103  has an externally threaded shaft  107  compatible with the internally threaded bore  213  of the linkage beam adjustment slide  205 , such that when adjustment knob  103  is rotated, the linkage adjustment beam slide  205  moves forward or backward. The adjustment beam slide  205  is pivotly contacted at point P 1  to the linkage beam adjustment rod  204 , which causes linkage adjustment rod  204  to pivot about point P 3  of the lower clamping bracket  86 B forward or backward depending on the rotational direction of adjustment knob  103 . Linkage adjustment rod  204  is pivotly contacted at point P 2  to beam adjustment tube  106  by pivot plate  208 , which is fixedly attached to beam adjustment tube  106 . The beam adjustment tube  106  contacts laser diode  76 , which is slidably contained inside the bore  111  of laser diode heat sink/collimation adjustor  72 , allowing the laser diode  76  to move relative to collimating optical system  68 , as shown in FIG.  16 . The beam adjustment spring  112  has been eliminated along with the mechanical stops clamping bracket  86 A and beam adjustment stop  108 . 
     In yet another embodiment 300 of the present invention, illustrated in FIG. 21, the laser diode  76  is in a fixed position using common components of the preferred and alternative embodiments except the beam adjustment mechanism is eliminated for design simplicity. The components of this embodiment include: battery  60 , hand grip  62  with manual trigger  64 , optical front cover  66 , collimating optical system  68 , lens cone  70 , laser diode heat sink/collimation adjustor  72 , laser diode mount  74 , laser diode  76 , electronics mount  80 , laser diode power supply  82 , anchor plate  84 , upper clamping bracket  86 A, lower clamping bracket  86 B, safety interlock electronics  88 , key switch interlock  90 , an armed light-emitting diode (LED) status indicator  92 A, a laser LED status indicator  92 B, and housing  94 . 
     Now turning to FIGS. 16,  17  and  22 , the preferred handheld embodiment of the present invention is operated by first arming the system by turning the key switch interlock  90  to the “on” position, which illuminates the armed LED status indicator  92 A. Aim device  102  at a target area and depress the manual trigger  64  on the hand grip  62  to activate the trigger switch  109 . Buzzer  89  emits a short beep and the laser LED status indicator  92 B begins flashing at an increasing rate for a period of approximately three seconds. After this delay period of approximately three seconds, the safety interlock electronics  88  enable the power supply  82  to provide the appropriate amount of current to the laser diode  76 . The programmable interface chip (PIC)  91  controls the key functions of the invention including, among others, the approximate three second delay, the buzzer  89 , the LED indicators  92 A,  92 B, and the 5 volt signal to the laser diode power supply  82 . A substantially collimated, radially-uniform laser beam  100  exits the device  102  and produces a sharply-defined bright laser spot on the target area, which target area may be a large distance away from the device  102 . The spot size of the laser beam  100  can be adjusted by turning the beam adjustment knob  103  clockwise for a smaller diameter laser beam  100  or counter-clockwise for a larger diameter laser beam  100 . The preferred spot size on the target is approximately 6 to 12 inches in diameter. The bright laser spot on the target area may be moved simply by re-aiming the device  102 . The bright laser spot on the target may be used to disperse, or cause to be dispersed, birds in or near the target area. 
     As illustrated in FIG. 23, the laser diode  76  preferably includes a laser diode chip  95  and beam forming optics  78 , packaged into a laser diode housing  97 . When supplied with the proper current from the power supply  82 , the laser diode chip  95  produces a beam of non-radially-uniform light  96 , which passes through beam forming optics  78  and emerges from the laser diode housing  97  as radially-uniform light  98 . Non-radially-uniform light  96  from a typical laser diode chip  95  has a larger rate of divergence in one direction (for example the horizontal axis) and a smaller rate of divergence in the opposite direction (for example the vertical axis), similar to an elliptical shape. Non-radially-uniform light  96  from the laser diode chip  95  is incident upon beam-forming optics  78 , preferably a single micro-lens, produced by Blue Sky Optical Systems. The purpose of the beam-forming optics  78  is to alter the non-radially-uniform laser light  96  so that it becomes substantially radially-uniform  98 , similar to a circular shape. Now returning to FIG. 16, the substantially radially-uniform laser light  98  is next incident upon a collimating optical system  68 , including one or more lens. The purpose of the collimating optical system  68  is to substantially collimate the radially-uniform laser beam  98 . A substantially collimated, radially-uniform laser beam  100  exits the device  102 . 
     It will now be apparent to those skilled in the art that other embodiments, improvements, details, and uses can be made consistent with the letter and spirit of the foregoing disclosure and within the scope of this patent, which is limited only by the following claims, construed in accordance with the patent law, including the doctrine of equivalents.