Abstract:
A system tracks ownership data for data resources coupled on a network. The system includes a data extractor for extracting data resource communication activity data from a plurality of network activity data sources, a database of organizational data resource ownership data, and a communication activity report generator for correlating extracted data resource communication activity data and organizational data resource ownership data so that ownership of communication activity may be tracked. The data extractor obtains network activity data from a variety of data sources such as firewalls, routers, servers, PBXs, softswitches, media gateways, SS7 signaling points, integrated access devices, and calling card imports. Network activity data about communication activity may be obtained directly from the data resources initiating the communication activity or from data sources that handle communication activity initiated by a data resource. The network activity data are then processed to extract data resource communication activity data. Organizational data resource ownership data includes data for identifying the data resources from which communication activity data are extracted and the organizational entities owning the data resources. Typically, these organizational entities include company data, division data, department data, and owner data. This data may then be linked to identify an owner as being associated with a particular department and division within a company. The communication activity report generator may be used to generate a response to a directory query or a history query. A response to a directory query identifies one or more data resources and the ownership data linked to that device. A response to a history query identifies for a particular time period, one or more data resources, the network activity initiated by those data resources and ownership data linked to those data resources.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS  
       [0001]    This application is a continuation-in-part under 37 C.F.R. §1.53(b) and 35 U.S.C. §120 of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/918,090 filed Jul. 30, 2001 naming Rene L. Campbell, et al. as inventors.  
         [0002]    This application claims priority benefit under 37 C.F.R. §1.53(b) and 35 U.S.C. §120 of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/410,114 filed Sep. 30, 1999 naming Rene L. Campbell, et al. as inventors, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,292,801.  
         [0003]    This application also claims the benefit under 37 C.F.R. §1.53(c) and 35 U.S.C. §119(e) of U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 60/102,825 filed on Oct. 2, 1998 naming Rene L. Campbell, et al. as inventors. 
     
    
     
       FIELD OF THE INVENTION  
         [0004]    This invention relates to device usage reporting systems, and more particularly, to systems for reporting usage of devices coupled to a computer network.  
         BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0005]    A communication network for an organization is typically comprised of network devices coupled together through a computer network and a PBX switch, telephones, and other voice devices coupled together in a telephone network. Network devices such as firewalls, proxy servers, mail servers, and web servers, along with some voice devices such as PBXs, softswitches, media gateways, SS7 signaling points, and integrated accesss devices generate logs representing inbound and outbound computer and telephone network activity, respectively. Within the organization, telephone system managers review voice device generated log reports regarding telephone usage and network administrators use network device generated log reports regarding computer network resource utilization. As a result, system managers and network administrators focus on only a portion of an organization&#39;s communication network without knowledge of all of the communication network issues that exist for an organization.  
           [0006]    In many organizations abuse and misuse of communication devices cause significant productivity loss. In addition, tasks such as traffic management, costs allocation, operating efficiency, and disaster avoidance are often overlooked by system managers or network administrators as they handle the surge of issues and problems that arise daily. As communication technology continues to converge, the telephone system manager and network administrator functions also converge. This is particularly the case in organizations that use computer integrated telephony. Computer integrated telephony couples the telephone network to the computer network within an organization to provide data files to desktop computers in conjunction with telephone calls arriving at an associated handset or to permit the exchange of messages between voicemail systems and email systems.  
           [0007]    In organizations where the network communication network and the telephone communication network are separated, vigilance regarding the efficient utilization of the company&#39;s communication resources is difficult. For example, employees that abuse telephone privileges, especially long distance services, are frequently the same employees who use Internet access to obtain files that are not work related. A computer network manager may become aware of abuse from a network activity monitoring system that tracks Internet access or other computer network activities associated with an employee&#39;s computer user identifier. However, the telephone network manager does not have data that correlates the user identifier to any devices on the telephone network. Thus, abusive activity on one network is not readily available for detecting abusive activity on the other network. If information regarding the usage of communication resources for an organization were more integrated, abusive activities on one communication network might lead to the discovery of abuses on another communication network for the organization.  
           [0008]    When employees are transferred within an organization, an employee is frequently assigned a new telephone extension and a new computer. When this occurs, both the computer network manager and telephone system manager must separately update their respective records to identify the change in ownership of devices on a network. Such changes include the reassignment of the employee&#39;s old telephone extension number and computer user identifier as well as the assignment of a new telephone extension and/or computer user identifier to the employee. The lack of synchronization of these data changes in computer network, telephone network, and organizational data across several databases may result in erroneous allocation of activity from a data device to an employee or other ownership entity. As a consequence, maintaining synchronization of ownership rights to various communication resources within an organization is difficult and problematic.  
           [0009]    What is needed is a system and method for integrating data about data devices used on computer and telephone networks of an organization.  
           [0010]    What is needed is a system and method for more efficient tracking and synchronization of ownership rights with respect to communication devices on both computer and telephone networks.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0011]    The limitations noted with respect to usage and tracking of data resource ownership has been overcome by a system and method made in accordance with the principles of the present invention. The system of the present invention comprises a data extractor for extracting data resource communication activity data from a plurality of network activity data sources, a database of organizational data resource ownership data, and a communication activity report generator for correlating extracted data resource communication activity data and organizational data resource ownership data so that ownership of communication activity may be tracked.  
           [0012]    The data extractor of the present invention obtains network activity data from a variety of data sources. The data sources include network communication devices such as firewalls, routers and servers and telephone communication devices such as a PBX, softswitch, media gateway, SS7 signaling point, integrated access device, and/or other telephone connection router/manager. Network activity data about communication activity may be obtained directly from the data resources initiating the communication activity or from data sources that handle communication activity initiated by a data resource. The data extractor can obtain network activity data by any one or more of the following: interrogation of an application programming interface (API); capture of an output file for a data log generated by the communication device; and/or reception of a data stream provided by the communication device to an output port on the device. The network activity data are processed to extract data resource communication activity data. Data resource communication activity data comprises communication activity identification data and data resource identification data. This data can be stored in a database for later correlation with data resource ownership data although the extraction and correlation may be performed without intermediate storage of the data resource communication activity data.  
           [0013]    Preferably, the data extractor has two modes of operation, namely, a test mode and an operational mode. In test mode, the data extractor does not store data resource communication activity data but rather displays the extracted data. This mode permits a system administrator to view the extracted data for a new data source and define a data source template that may later be used to extract data from the network activity data and generate the data resource communication activity data. Once a system administrator confirms the definition of the data source template for a data source, the data extractor may be placed in its operational mode for extracting data from data sources for which data templates have been defined.  
           [0014]    Organizational data resource ownership data includes data for identifying the data resources from which communication activity data are extracted and the organizational entities owning the data resources. For example, these organizational entities can comprise company data, division data, department data, and employee data. This data can be linked to identify an employee as being associated with a particular department and division within a company. However, these entities for an organization are exemplary and other components of organizational structure may be used. This data contain sufficient information to identify every data resource within an organization and the person associated with operation and utilization of that resource. According to one aspect of the present invention, the relationship between corporate entities and data resources are implemented with join tables in a relational database, although other types of data repositories and data linking may be used.  
           [0015]    The communication activity report generator can be used to generate a response to a directory query, a history query or both. A response to a directory query identifies one or more data resources and the ownership data linked to that device. A response to a history query identifies for a particular time period, one or more data resources, the network activity initiated by those data resources and ownership data linked to those data resources. To facilitate generation of query responses, the organizational data resource ownership data includes history data that identifies time periods during which an owner is associated with either a data resource or a particular organizational structure. That is, the history data may identify the transfer of an owner within the organization or the reassignment, additional assignment, or deletion of assignment of data resources to a particular owner. This history data need only be updated when an owner is reassigned within an organization or data resources are added, deleted or reassigned within the organization. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0016]    The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated and constitute a part of the specification, illustrate preferred and alternative embodiments and aspects of the present invention and, together with a general description given above and the detailed description of the embodiments given below, serve to explain the principles of the present invention.  
         [0017]    [0017]FIG. 1 is a depiction of the system of the present invention and exemplary data sources that can communicate with the system;  
         [0018]    [0018]FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the relationship between data sources, data resources and network activity data for both network and voice data;  
         [0019]    [0019]FIG. 3A is a depiction of exemplary data output by a PBX data source;  
         [0020]    [0020]FIG. 3B is exemplary output of a proxy server data source;  
         [0021]    [0021]FIG. 3C is a depiction of exemplary data records output by a different version of the proxy server shown in FIG. 3B;  
         [0022]    [0022]FIG. 3D is a depiction of exemplary data output by a softswitch or media gateway data source;  
         [0023]    [0023]FIG. 4 shows data resource communication activity data extracted from two different data resources;  
         [0024]    [0024]FIG. 5 is a data flow process diagram of the data extractor shown in FIG. 1;  
         [0025]    [0025]FIG. 6 shows the join table relationship of the preferred embodiment of the present invention used to identify data resource ownership data;  
         [0026]    [0026]FIG. 7 shows exemplary table structures for corporate entity information;  
         [0027]    [0027]FIG. 8 shows exemplary data structure for join tables used to identify data resource ownership data;  
         [0028]    [0028]FIG. 9 shows an exemplary graphical user interface (GUI) for a directory interface to the report generator shown in FIG. 1;  
         [0029]    [0029]FIG. 10 shows an exemplary GUI for a reporting interface of the report generator shown in FIG. 1;  
         [0030]    [0030]FIG. 11 depicts in schematic form the relationship between organizational component data tables, the associated join tables, and a row of a history table;  
         [0031]    [0031]FIG. 12 shows exemplary data structure of history data in the database of the present invention;  
         [0032]    [0032]FIG. 13 is a process flow diagram of the process for generating a standard report by system of the present invention;  
         [0033]    [0033]FIG. 14 is a process flow diagram of the reporting engine process flow for a single destination;  
         [0034]    [0034]FIG. 15 is a process flow diagram for the process of the reporting engine for multiple destinations; and  
         [0035]    [0035]FIG. 16 is a process flow diagram for the reporting engine to identify an email breakout. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
       [0036]    A system and method operating in accordance with the principles of the present invention are shown in the network depicted in FIG. 1. Data sources such as router  12 , web server  16 , mail server  15 , firewall/proxy server  20 , PBX  24 , softswitch  21 , media gateway  23 , SS7 signaling points  25 , integrated access device  27 , and calling card import  28  are coupled to communication data manager  30 . As shown in FIG. 1, data resources such as computers  34 , telephones  38 , and faxes  29  are coupled through respective data sources  12 ,  15 ,  16 ,  20 ,  24 ,  21 ,  23 ,  25 ,  27 , to manager  30 . With respect to some data sources  20  such as the router  12 , the mail server  15 , the web server  16 , and the firewall/proxy server  20 , the computers  34  are shown coupled together in a computer network. With respect to data sources  24 , softswitch  21 , media gateway  23 , and SS7 signaling point  25 , computers  34  (e.g., fax modem), telephones  38  and fax  39  are shown coupled together in a telephone network. In the case of the integrated access device  27 , the computers  34  (e.g., fax modem), telephones  38  and fax  39  can operate on either or both of a telephony and computer network because such device supports these protocols. Manager  30  includes data extractor  40 , database  44 , and communication activity report generator  48 . As may be seen from FIG. 1, data sources  12 ,  16 ,  20 ,  21 ,  23 ,  24 ,  25 ,  27  and  28  may be directly coupled to manager  30  or they may be coupled together through a computer communication network such as a LAN or WAN. In either arrangement, network activity data for the telephone network and the computer network may be provided to manager  30  for processing.  
         [0037]    Manager  30  is preferably implemented as a computer program that may be executed on one or more computers. Preferably, the program is written in the C programming language and modules of the program are provided as components in a dynamic link library for execution on a computer. The computer that executes a program implementing manager  30  preferably operates under a Windows XP, Windows 2000, Microsoft Windows NT 4.0 (Service Pack 4 or 5), Windows 98 or Windows 95 operating system and includes at least a Pentium 200 megahertz (MHz) processor and 128 megabyte (MB) of random-access memory (RAM). The video display is preferably of super video graphics adapter (SVGA) quality with a resolution of 800×600 pixels. The hard drive capacity is a function of the data sources coupled to the computer and preferably includes at least 130 MB of storage space plus an amount equal to one-half of the largest file to be received from a data source plus at least 1 kilobyte (KB) of space for each voice data record to be received from a data source during data retrieval.  
         [0038]    The following definitions are useful in understanding the detailed description and are set out below to facilitate the reader&#39;s understanding of the description, but not to limit the meaning of the disclosed terms to the definitions set forth below.  
         [0039]    Terms:  
         [0040]    Data Source:  
         [0041]    A data source is a top-level entity such as a PBX, softswitch, media gateway, SS7 signaling point, integrated access device, firewall, proxy server, or router that is a source of network activity data regarding call/voice or internet/network activity.  
         [0042]    Data Resource:  
         [0043]    A data resource is a device that initiates call/voice or internet/network activity. Extensions, direct inward system access (DISAs), automatic number identification (ANI), calling card account numbers (or virtual extensions), network Internet protocols (IPs), email address and User IDs are examples of such devices. If a data resource provides call/voice or internet/network activity data from the activity it initiates then the data resource may also be considered a data source.  
         [0044]    Network Activity:  
         [0045]    Network activity data is data regarding call/voice or internet/network activity managed by a data source. Such data are typically logged to a log file as network activity data. Each data resource session or event managed by a data source generates activity that the data source may export to a log file as network activity. Network activity transmitted to the log file contains data elements that identify the data resource that initiated the network activity. Primary call/voice network activity data comprises extension, trunk, access code, direction, session date/time, duration, originating number, and number dialed. Internet/network activity data comprises IP/User ID, protocol, direction, session date/time, volume, and originating/destination URL. Primary call/voice activity data and internet/network activity are collectively called network activity data herein.  
         [0046]    Company:  
         [0047]    Company is the top-level entity in an organization.  
         [0048]    Division:  
         [0049]    A division is a second level entity in an organization.  
         [0050]    Department:  
         [0051]    A department is a third level entity in an organization.  
         [0052]    Owner:  
         [0053]    An owner is a fourth level entity in an organization, which represents people or miscellaneous entities that use data resources. While an owner is preferably an employee, it may be any organizational entity to which a data resource may be assigned.  
         [0054]    [0054]FIG. 2 shows the relationship between a data resource and a data source. As shown in that figure, data resources may use an identifier such as an IP address, a user identification number, email address, a telephone extension, an ANI, a calling card account number, or direct inward system access (DISA). These data resources generate network activity such as telephone calls, file transfer operations or queries for files. Network activity is typically managed by a data source such as a firewall, proxy server, web server, router, PBX, softswitch, media gateway, SS7 signaling point, integrated access device, or calling card import. These data sources generate network activity data that identify the data resource that initiated network activity handled by the data source and the initiated network activity. This network activity data are typically provided by a data source to a log file. The log file can be stored in the data source, provided through an API to another application program for processing or storage purposes, and/or transmitted through a hardware port on the data source, such as the serial data port of a PBX. Data extractor  40  of manager  30  includes the requisite hardware and/or software interfaces to communicate with these various APIs, hardware ports, or log file structures to receive data log records from data sources. As explained in more detail below, data source templates are used to identify data fields in log data generated by data sources and data resource templates are used to identify network activity data in log data. While log data are preferably obtained from data sources, some data resources may generate log data for network activity initiated from the data resource. In this scenario, data resources and data sources are the same.  
         [0055]    [0055]FIGS. 3A, 3B,  3 C,  3 D depict various formats for different data sources and versions of data sources. For example, FIG. 3A shows call detail records generated by a particular type of PBX and FIG. 3D shows a call detail generated by a particular softswitch or media gateway. The log data records as shown in FIGS. 3B and 3C are generated by two different versions of a proxy server made by the same manufacturer. Thus, FIGS. 3A, 3B,  3 C, and  3 D demonstrate the different formats for log data generated by different data sources and FIGS. 3B and C, in particular, show that different versions of the same manufacturer&#39;s data sources also provide data in different formats.  
         [0056]    In order to accommodate the numerous formats of network activity data generated by various data sources, manager  30  includes data extractor  40 . Data extractor  40  receives network data from data sources and extracts data from the network data for generation of data resource communication activity data. Additionally, data extractor  40  preferably performs costing computations on the communication activity data and merges the cost data and communication activity data into database  44 .  
         [0057]    Data extractor  40  is preferably comprised of five processing modules, namely, a control processing module, a reformatting module, a costing module, a merging module, and an alarm module. These modules are preferably implemented in program files in a dynamic link library (DLL). The functionality of these modules may briefly be described as:  
         [0058]    Control DLL:  
         [0059]    This module controls the management of the input and output queues for the four other modules of data extractor  40 . A control thread starts by retrieving communication activity data for a data source to be processed. Then it initiates the DLLs for the other modules of data extractor  40 . As network activity data are provided to the reformat module, the output queue of the modules of data extractor  40  are monitored to facilitate the continuous flow of data between modules.  
         [0060]    Reformat DLL:  
         [0061]    This module contains the code used by the reformatting engine. It uses data source templates to extract data resource communication activity data from network activity data. The extracted communication activity data may then be processed by the costing engine and alarm engines. This extraction is required because data sources generate network activity data in formats that are manufacturer and model specific. Data source templates allow the reformatting engine to map data from network activity data generated by different data sources to a standard format that may be processed by the costing and alarm engines. Though the control thread usually handles how to pass on the data, the reformatting engine generates special detailed output during test mode, and this test mode output is written to a text file for later viewing. A system administrator may view the text file to modify or create data source templates. Detailed output may also be generated when errors are found in the network activity data. FIG. 4 depicts such exemplary output records for communication activity data.  
         [0062]    Cost DLL:  
         [0063]    This module contains the code used by the costing engine. This engine allocates a cost for network activity identified by data resource communication activity data. It implements costing methods set up for a data source to determine the correct origination, destination, and cost of the activity identified by the data. The cost data generated by this module is incorporated in the special detailed output records during operation of extractor  40  in test mode so data source templates may be configured to contain costing data.  
         [0064]    Merge DLL:  
         [0065]    This module contains the code used by the merging engine. Because this operation is time intensive, this module preferably does little other than merging records into the database. Its main operation is to enforce rules to protect the referential integrity of the activity data once stored in database  44 . These rules are discussed in more detail below.  
         [0066]    Alarm DLL:  
         [0067]    This module contains the code used by the alarm engine that compares data resource communication activity data to thresholds. For example, telephone calls to exotic locations or calls that exceed some time duration may cause the alarm engine to generate an electronic page or email message to alert a system administrator of communication activity that may constitute abuse. Alarm records may be generated and stored in database  44  if the thresholds are exceeded.  
         [0068]    The flow of processing through these five modules of data extractor  40  is depicted in FIG. 5. The processing of the reformat, costing, merging, and alarm modules is managed by the control module. As shown in FIG. 5, control module  50  retrieves network activity data from the log data received from various data sources and provides this data to reformatting module  54 . Reformatting module  54  extracts communication activity data from the network activity data. The communication activity data are then provided by control module  50  to costing module  58 . Costing module  58  determines the correct origination, destination, and cost of the activity. The cost data are then incorporated in the communication activity data. Merging module  62  then enforces the rules to protect the referential integrity of the communication activity data and preferably stores the communication activity data in database  44 . The cost data are also provided to alarm processing module  66  where the communication activity data are compared to threshold values to determine whether any alarm conditions exist. If one or more alarm conditions are detected, messages regarding the alarm condition can be generated and delivered. Also, alarm records can be generated for storage in database  44 .  
         [0069]    Preferably, reformatting module  54  and costing module  58  can operate in a test mode to generate data records that are not stored in database  44  but rather displayed through report generator  48  to a user. In this manner, a user may verify that the data source templates used by reformat module  54  and costing module  58  extract all information required for processing by manager  30 . When data extractor  40  is in its operational mode, costing module  58  and reformat module  44  both provide communication activity data for storage in database  44 . The exemplary data shown in FIG. 4 does not show all data preferably stored by manager  30  in database  44 . Other data extracted by reformat module  54  include incoming activity volume, outgoing activity volume, security statistics, and activity origination details. Once network data have been processed by data extractor  40  of manager  30 , summary statistics may be generated before control module  50  terminates its processing.  
         [0070]    Database Design:  
         [0071]    Preferably, database  44  is managed and structured to optimize the management and tracking function for the time-dependent relationships stored in database  44  and the reporting function for those relationships. Consequently, the database design is preferably divided into two parts, one part designed for data management and processing and the other part for data reporting. A directory interface is included as part of the GUI of report generator  48  to manage and process the time-dependent relationships between resources and their data sources while the reporting function uses a history table to maintain hierarchical data for relevant time periods for the generation of reports.  
         [0072]    The directory interface preferably operates on a relational database and generates join tables between two adjoining data tables for organizational structural components to track relationships between owners and data resources over time. The organizational structural components are sometimes referred herein as entities. The hierarchical structure of entities associated with a data resource represents the owner of that resource. The reporting interface, on the other hand, generates a history table to include all levels of the organizational hierarchy and each row of the history table represents a snapshot of the hierarchy for a period of time. The reporting history table may also be generated from the organizational structural component records.  
         [0073]    Data Source and Resource Association:  
         [0074]    As previously noted (FIG. 2) a static association exists between a data source (i.e., PBX, softswitch, media gateway, SS7 signaling point, integrated access device, firewall, proxy server, etc.) and the communication resources (IPs, extensions, ANIs, DISAs, etc.) managed by it. The activity generated by the resources also has the same static association with the data source through which the activity is managed.  
         [0075]    Resource and Owner Association:  
         [0076]    Database  44  can track the association between a data resource and its owner. As noted above, an owner is identified by a hierarchical relationship of organizational structural components. This hierarchical structure links any organizational entity or component to a resource of any type. This linkage enables manager  30  to manage time-dependent associations between any owner and any data resource as long as a link exists between the network activity data source and its owner.  
         [0077]    An owner and a data resource are preferably associated with a join table. Join tables link a child entity to one or many parent entities. FIG. 6 illustrates how table joins may be used to identify a hierarchical relationship between a data resource and its owner. Each contains a reference or identifier of a parent in the parent table and an identifier to the child in the child table. In addition to the parent and child identifiers, association start and end date (termination date) stamps are generated. The management of the start and end dates provides a time-dependent association between each child and its parent. Tracking the relationships between organizational structural components and data resources is supported with a history table. FIG. 7 depicts exemplary join table structures for identifying hierarchical relationships between adjoining company organizational components.  
         [0078]    The exemplary data shown in the join tables of FIG. 8 demonstrate how join tables may be used to track hierarchical data for a data resource in the following scenario. For this scenario, IP resource address 206.241.52.32 and telephone extension resource number 3897 are used. In this scenario, these data resources are owned by Richard Moon who joined the Sales Department on Jan. 2, 1993. On Sep. 15, 1995 Richard Moon was transferred from the Sales Department to the Marketing Department. Using join tables as shown in FIG. 8, manager  30  is able to track the employee&#39;s ownership of those two data resources for the time period of Jan. 2, 1993 through Sep. 15, 1995. The OPEN status shown in FIG. 8 indicates the association is active. In addition, if Richard Moon was unable to retain ownership of extension 3897 during the transfer but was assigned telephone extension resource 4780, his ownership of extension 3897 shows termination on Sep. 14, 1995 and his ownership of extension resource 4780 starts on Sep. 15, 1995.  
         [0079]    Database Logic for Managing Resources:  
         [0080]    Management of data resources during processing of network activity and processing initiated through the GUI of report generator  48  requires manager  30  to enforce rules for the referential integrity of database  44 . Implementation of the rules presented below during network activity data processing and GUI initiated processing allows users of manager  30  to modify the hierarchical structure and resources assignments with an effective date that may be past or future. Effective date is the start date that a child is assigned to a parent. Rules listed below describe how historical data about relations between hierarchical entities, such as, Company, Division, Department, Owner and Resources are managed.  
         [0081]    Rule 1:  
         [0082]    No Child is permitted to be orphaned; it must always exist in a valid Child/Parent relationship, even if the Parent is the !Unassigned instance. The exception to this, of course, is the Company entity, assumed to be the highest level of the tree, and hence has no Parent.  
         [0083]    Rule 2:  
         [0084]    Entities can be generated by a user through the GUI of report generator  48  by network activity data processing or by importing data to manager  30 . Manager  30  generates new data resources only when processing telephone activity or importing data from other versions of manager  30  or firewall databases.  
         [0085]    Rule 3:  
         [0086]    Every entity is assigned to some parent on any date between Global Start and Global End. Global Start and Global End dates define the beginning and end of a time line for manager  30 . If a parent is not provided, manager  30  uses the !Unassigned parent by default except for data resources. Network activity processing generates default owners for each new data resource. These owners are assigned to the !Unassigned Department and the resource is assigned to the owner with a Default Effective Date=Global Start, End=Global End.  
         [0087]    Rule 4:  
         [0088]    Resources may be transferred to other owners including overhead accounts. Effective date of the transfer may be between Global Start and Global End.  
         [0089]    Rule 5:  
         [0090]    Preferably, the lowest level of granularity for a transfer is one day, although other units of time may be enforced.  
         [0091]    Rule 6:  
         [0092]    Transfer does not overwrite any transfers that happened after the transfer effective date, but if there was a transfer of the same child on the same day it may be overwritten.  
         [0093]    Rule 7:  
         [0094]    Transfer of any entity does not affect its relationship with its children or the relationships of the transfer target with its parent.  
         [0095]    Rule 8:  
         [0096]    Entities other than Resources may be terminated. Resources may be unassigned from an owner.  
         [0097]    Rule 9:  
         [0098]    If a Resource is unassigned it is moved to the Unassigned bin and assigned to its default owner under !Unassigned department. Unassignment does not affect transfers with an effective date after the unassignment effective date. Unassignment may be undone.  
         [0099]    Rule 10:  
         [0100]    Termination may be undone. Termination of an entity does not change the link between that entity and its children. Links with children remain unchanged. A user may explicitly request transfer of children of an entity being terminated to other parent(s) before or after the termination effective date.  
         [0101]    Rule 11:  
         [0102]    If an entity other than a Resource has never had children (there is no transfer record to this object in the database) it may be destroyed (removed from the database).  
                                                     Example:   An employee of the Marketing department, Richard Moon,           assigned extension 3780 was fired on January 15. The           system administrator terminated the assignment of the           extension to the Marketing department with an effective date           of January 15. On January 20, extension 3780 was transferred           to another employee, Bob Smith. Bob was in the Support           Department before January 25. On January 25 Bob was           transferred to the Marketing Department.           All communications made from extension 3780 appear in the           Directory GUI and Reports under                before Jan 15   Marketing Department, Richard Moon           from Jan 15 to   Unassigned Department, Richard Moon           Jan 19   (if processing encounters communications)           from Jan 20 to   Support Department, Bob Smith           Jan 24           on or after Jan 25   Marketing Department, Bob Smith                  
 
         [0103]    All communications made from extension 3780 before January 20 appear in the directory interface GUI and generated reports as being assigned to Richard Moon (even after Richards&#39; termination on January 15, if processing encounters communications). All communications made from extension 3780 on or after January 20 appear in the directory interface GUI and generated reports as being assigned to new owner, Bob Smith.  
         [0104]    The rules discussed above are also used to implement operations performed by manager  30 . A distinction is made between operations that affect the existence of an entity, and operations that affect the relationship between two entities. Operations that affect the existence of an entity either generate or destroy rows in the appropriate Company, Division, Department, Owner, or Resource table. Operations that affect the relationship between two entities either insert, update, or delete rows in the join tables between two entities, which would be the appropriate CompanyDivision, DivisionDepartment, DepartmentOwner, or OwnerResource join table. Preferably, manager  30  implements the following operations:  
         [0105]    Operation—Transfer:  
         [0106]    1. If effective date is not specified set effective date to Current Date  
         [0107]    2. Limitation rule for Effective date: Effective date may not be less than Global Start Date. Preferably, the Global Start Date is Jan. 1, 1980 and the Global End Date is Dec. 31, 2089.  
         [0108]    3. Limitation rule for the undoing of Transfer operations (deleting transfer records) performed in the past: at least one transfer must stay in the system (otherwise the object becomes orphan). This does not mean that an object may not be deleted/destroyed (see deletion section below).  
         [0109]    Operation—Termination:  
         [0110]    Terminations are implemented as transfers to an Unassigned parent. Display of content of the Unassigned grouping in a Directory may be enabled or disabled. This gives the user the ability to hide terminated objects from view through the directory interface GUI of report generator  48 , keep historical data, have access to terminated objects in the past before they were terminated, or undo termination and restore an object.  
         [0111]    Operation—Deletion:  
         [0112]    Company, Division, Department, or Owner may be deleted if there is no join record that points to it at any time. Optionally, Company, Division, or Department may be deleted with children if no data resource points to any of the children as owners at any time. This way communications data are not lost.  
         [0113]    Operation—Transfer Management:  
         [0114]    Transfer ID_Child to ID_Parent on EffDate  
         [0115]    If no transfer of the ID_Child exists//this should happen on creation only create one: from EffDate to GlobalEnd belongs to ID_Parent  
         [0116]    If EffDate&lt;GlobalStart create one more: from GlobalStart to EffDate belongs to!Unassigned  
         [0117]    Else:  
         [0118]    If there is transfer of the same child on the same day and parent!=ID_Parent modify parent to ID_Parent and save  
         [0119]    Else//insert transfer//there should be a record active on EffDate—the system needs to split it//if it does not exist it should be inserted select newEndDate=EndDate ID_TransToSplit=ID of transfer of the same child with StartDate&lt;EffDate and EndDate&gt;=EffDate insert transfer (ID_Child, ID_Parent, EffDate, newEndDate) update transfer set EndDate=EffDate—1 day where ID=ID_TransToSplit  
         [0120]    Operation—Delete Transfer:  
         [0121]    If there is previous transfer with EndDate=this transfer&#39;s StartDate—1 day update previous transfer set EndDate=this transfer&#39;s EndDate delete this transfer  
         [0122]    Else:  
         [0123]    error  
         [0124]    //This prevents the manager from deleting the very first transfer  
         [0125]    Operation—Change Transfer Date to Effective Date:  
         [0126]    If there is another transfer of the same child on the same day error  
         [0127]    Else:  
         [0128]    if there is previous transfer with EndDate=this transfer&#39;s StartDate—1 day if EffDate1&gt;previous transfer StartDate and EffDate1&lt;=this transfer EndDate update previous transfer set EndDate=EffDate1—1 day update this transfer set StartDate=Efffdate1  
         [0129]    Else:  
         [0130]    //if this is not allowed  
         [0131]    error  
         [0132]    //if this means child really was transferred on the EffDate1 Delete this Transfer//apply DeleteTransfer Rule InsertTransfer ID_Child, ID_Parent, EffDate1  
         [0133]    Else:  
         [0134]    error  
         [0135]    Integrated Data Source Management:  
         [0136]    Directory Interface:  
         [0137]    A preferred implementation of the directory interface of the report generator  48  is depicted in FIG. 9. The organizational and data views  100  and  104  available through directory  108  render the integration of different data source types visible. In these views, the associations of extensions and authenticated IP addresses to an owner may be displayed. Directory  108  also includes controls for altering the time window for the display of an historical association. Resource types  110  may also be displayed and the FIND function  114  supports quick access to specific criteria that a user may define. These defined criteria may be used to locate information and to set an effective date for the Directory. In this manner, managing and tracking of time dependent associations are simplified. Management of these assignments is simplified using a single GUI that also increases the productivity of system administrator.  
         [0138]    Reporting Interface:  
         [0139]    A preferred implementation of reporting interface  116  of report generator  48  is depicted in FIG. 10. Categories  118  are designed to consolidate voice and network activity while still providing for individual data source reporting, if necessary. Interface  116  uses a history table because the preferred structure of database  44  discussed above for managing and tracking time-dependent relationships is not optimal for reporting against those relationships. A history table includes all levels of a hierarchical relationship and each row of this table represents a snapshot of the hierarchy for a period of time. Management of these assignments is simplified using a single GUI that also increases the productivity of system administrator.  
         [0140]    History:  
         [0141]    Using a history table, reporting interface  116  may quickly access historical information on any single data source or on multiple data sources of different data source types. The history table is only used by reporting interface  116  and is not maintained directly by operations on the organizational structure. Operations affecting organizational structure may come from directory interface  108 , from processing network activity data, and from imports. Because the history table is not kept current, this table needs to be completely rebuilt after any rule operation noted above occurs on the schema (changes that affect Company, Division, Department, Owner, or Resource). FIG. 11 depicts the relationship between organizational component data tables  120 , the associated join tables  122 , and a row  124  of a history table as preferably implemented. An exemplary segment of history table reflecting the Richard Moon scenario discussed above is shown in FIG. 12.  
         [0142]    Preferably, a stored procedure that rebuilds the history table includes a database cursor. An SQL Query that feeds the cursor produces a join of all valid rows between CompanyDivision, DivisionDepartment, DepartmentOwner, and OwnerResource join tables. The cursor logic loops through each of these rows, and determines the MAX of the start dates and the MIN of the end dates. This determination defines the time segment for which a row is a snapshot of the complete organization structure, was valid. This information is then inserted, row-by-row, into the new History table. The new History table is built under the name “HistoryNew”, and when the new table is constructed, the current “History” table is renamed “HistoryOld”, and “HistoryNew” is renamed “History”.  
         [0143]    The system preferably uses a “History Dirty” flag as a signal to the reporting interface that the history table needs to be rebuilt. Any process that changes the organizational structure needs to set this flag, but preferably does not reconstruct the history table. When the reporting interface executes, the flag is checked, and if true, the stored procedure to rebuild the table is executed. While the stored procedure for history table rebuilding is executing, all other reporting interface processes are suspended (blocked in a wait state) until the table is rebuilt. After the table is reconstructed, the flag is set to false, and all other reporting interface processes are unblocked. Since reporting interface processes can run from several machines at the same time, the blocking mechanism is preferably done in the database.  
         [0144]    Reporting Process Flows:  
         [0145]    To facilitate the generation of reports and to more efficiently distribute reports to recipients, the system and method of the present invention enables a user to define and store a report template that may be used later. Users may also limit the result set obtained by a report template by using filters on individual data source elements. These filters enable reports to drill down into the details and summary statistic on all data contained in database  44 .  
         [0146]    A process for generating reports is shown in FIG. 13. That process begins by determining whether the user wants to use a predefined system report template (block  200 ), a user report template that has been previously stored (block  204 ), or a category template (block  208 ). After a report template is selected, a report object is generated using the selected template. A report object is a container class that is used as an interface between reporting interface  116  and report engine of communication activity report generator  48 . Filters for the report object may then be selected. These filters include a date filter (block  210 ), a numeric filter (block  214 ) or multiple selection criteria filter (block  218 ). Data defining the destination for the report and its format are then incorporated within the report object (block  220 ). Format options for reports include Microsoft Word, Excel, HTML while destinations may include a display for a report preview, a disk file, printer, or an email address. If the recipient is to receive the report via email then destination information and data regarding the email transfer are also incorporated in the object (block  222 ). Data for configuring the contents of the report including unique headings and currency formats may also be incorporated within the report object (blocks  228 , 230 ). Once the report object is completely generated, it is passed to report engine  46  of communication activity report generator  48  for execution.  
         [0147]    The process for executing a report object for a single destination is shown in FIG. 14. Once the report object is generated and provided to report engine  46  (block  234 ), a print job is opened and this processing initializes report engine  46  (block  236 ). Using the filter data in the report object, report engine  46  generates selection formulas (block  240 ). Preferably, selection filters are SQL statements or SQL stored procedures for querying database  44 . The destination data of the report object are then used to direct the result set of the selection formula (block  244 ) and the selection formula are executed. Once the report set is obtained, the system determines whether the user has requested a preview of the report (block  248 ). If a preview was requested, a preview window of the report is generated and displayed for the user (block  250 ). If the user decides to terminate the report generation after viewing the preview (block  252 ), the print job is closed (block  254 ). If no preview is required or the report is to be sent following preview (block  256 ), the report is configured as required by the destination and format data within the report object depending upon whether the report is printed (block  258 ) or transmitted electronically (block  260 ). Once the report has been sent, the print job is closed (block  254 ).  
         [0148]    The process for generating and sending a report generated by a report object to multiple destinations is shown in FIG. 15. The process begins as described above with respect to FIG. 14 (blocks  234 - 252 ). To avoid executing the selection formula multiple times for multiple destinations, a temporary file is opened (block  268 ) and the report set obtained by operation of the selection formula on database  44  is directed to the temporary file (block  270 ). That file is then closed (block  274 ) and the exports of the report set are performed against this file. For each destination, the temporary file is opened (block  276 ), the report set is configured with reference to the destination data (block  278 ), and the report is then sent to the destination (block  280 ). The temporary file is then closed (block  282 ) and the process determines whether the report has been sent to all destinations defined in the report object (block  284 ) and if not, the process continues by processing the temporary file again (block  276 ). Otherwise, the process terminates.  
         [0149]    The process for generating a report, separating it into sections, and sending each section of the report to a different destination by email is shown in FIG. 16. The process begins as described above with respect to FIG. 14 (blocks  234 - 252 ). This occurs, for example, when a report is summarized by department and each department section of the report is to be sent to a representative in each department. Preferably, this type of automatic separation of a report is provided by pre-configuring a report template to separate the report in correspondence with the organizational level at which the report is to be summarized. To separate the report, the process queries the organizational level that corresponds to the report breakout level group (block  300 ). The email address for each section of the report is then determined (block  304 ). A print job is then opened for the a destination (block  306 ) and a filter applied to the report set to remove data that does not correspond to the destination (block  308 ). The filtered data set is then configured and sent to the corresponding address (block  310 ). The print job is then closed (block  312 ). If report sections for other destinations remain (block  314 ), a new print job is opened (block  306 ) and processing continues for that report section (blocks  306 - 312 ). Once all of the report sections have been sent, the process terminates.  
         [0150]    While the present invention has been illustrated by the description of the preferred and alternative embodiments and while the embodiments have been described in considerable detail, it is not the intention of the applicants to restrict or anyway limit the scope of the appended claims to such detail. Additional advantages and modifications will readily appear to those skilled in the art. The invention&#39;s broader aspects are therefore not limited to the specific details, represented apparatus and method, an illustrative example shown and described. Accordingly, departures may be made from such details without departing from the spirit or scope of applicant&#39;s general inventive concepts.