Abstract:
A device for generating a gas by causing a reactive fluid to come into gas producing contact with a reactive particulate material The device includes a first storage body for containing a reactive fluid and a second storage body for containing a reactive particulate material. A conduit is provided for directing a flow of reactive fluid from the first body and into the second body. A reverse flow prevention valve is connected to the conduit to prevent back flow of produced gas from the second storage body and into the first storage body. A fuel supply opening is provided on the second storage body and a fluid introduction inlet is provided on the first storage body. A fluid diffuser is located in the second storage body for diffusing fluid in said particulate material. Also included is an opening and closing valve arrangement located adjacent an outlet of the conduit and having an external operator.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0001]    The present invention relates to a gas generation and supply device for small fuel cells. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    Conventionally, hydrogen stored in a metal hydride, for example, is packed in a compressed gas cylinder for use as a means of fuel supply for small fuel cells, and when fuel gas supply is necessary, an adjustment valve is opened and a hydrogen fuel is supplied to the power generating part of the fuel cell. However, such structures are often complicated, heavy and bulky, the supply volume for the hydrogen gas is not sufficient, and the same are useful generally in the area of research prototypes. For example, in an example from Canon Inc. described in a recently published non-patent reference, 0.9 NL of hydrogen fuel was stored in a compressed gas cylinder containing 4.5 cc of metal hydride, and according to the website of FC-R&amp;D as of September 2005, 4 NL of hydrogen fuel was stored in a 30 cc compressed gas cylinder. 
         [0003]    Other advances in technology have been seen recently, and, for example, there has been an announcement of technology that can be expected to sufficiently exceed conventional means for the amount of hydrogen gas generated slowly and stably per unit weight where “water” comes into contact with “a specially processed aluminum alloy.” This has come to be one of the most promising means for fuel supply to small fuel cells. For example, in a Canon example according to a non-patent reference identified below, there is a disclosure of actual data regarding the production of hydrogen fuel in amounts of 2 and 5 NL as a result of a reaction of roughly 1 cc of an aqueous solution of malic acid and a borohydride (NaBH4), and roughly 1 NL resulting from the reaction of 1 cc of water and 1 cc of an aluminum alloy. Incidentally, 1 cc of hydrogen gas is an amount that can drive a 3 W machine for one hour. 
         [0004]    There is an urgent need for applications ranging from palm types to those capable of exceeding 100-1000 W, including recyclable single-use types that are of necessity safer, less expensive and lighter in weight than conventional methods, easier to handle and capable of being recycled with these advances in technology. Related prior art references include the following: [Patent References] Published Unexamined Patent Application No. 2005-19517, Published Unexamined Patent Application No. 200-93104, Published Unexamined Patent Application No. 2004-318683, Published Unexamined Patent Application No. 2000-161509. [Non-Patent References] Nikkei Electronics, Dec. 22, 2004 “Canon Announces Fuel Cell: Storage of Hydrogen Gas in Storage Alloy” (http://techon.nikkeibp.cojp/free/article/20041215/106872/) and Nikkei Electronics Jun. 6, 2005, No. 901 “Contest for Portable Borohydride Fuel Cells,” pp. 38-39. 
       DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION 
     Problems to be Solved by the Invention  
       [0005]    Even though the new means described above is seen as one that is promising for supplying fuel for small fuel cells, one that is promising as a practical hydrogen supply means for hydrogen fuel supply based on a chemical reaction has not yet been found. 
         [0006]    The first problem is that of supplying the necessary amount of hydrogen gas at the time it is needed. Such processing requires a good response for “contact” and “blocking” of the “particulate material” that generates the hydrogen by a chemical reaction when the solution for the “catalyst solution” comes in contact with it. 
         [0007]    The second problem is that of providing an effective storage and release function, since it is difficult to stop the chemical reaction instantaneously. 
         [0008]    The third problem is that of providing gas generation and supply devices capable of being used seamlessly and which have a simple structure, are inexpensive, reduced in size and capable of being made into a single package, including devices up to a class capable of generating and supplying 2 NL of fuel with a capacity of several cc, which can be used compatibly in portable applications and are capable of being reused in connection with applications of 100-1000 W in home use and mobile models. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0009]    To solve the foregoing problems, a first feature of the present invention involves the provision of a gas generation and supply device comprising a first storage body that houses a solution supply means (for example, a balloon) and a second storage body that houses a granular material capable of causing a hydrogen gas generating chemical reaction to occur when it is contacted by the solution, and wherein the solution and the granular material are automatically brought into contact with each other during the act of joining the two storage bodies together. 
         [0010]    Second and third features of the invention comprise the provision of a gas production and supply device that includes a solvent diffusion means for making a uniform reaction occur, and an external solution inlet (for example, an elastically deformable member made up of a material such as a hydrogen resistant fluorine based rubber). 
         [0011]    Fourth and sixth features of the invention comprise the provision of a gas generation and supply device having a solvent passage opening and closing valve arrangement that is formed primarily from a molded material using an external operation, and wherein the valve arrangement is provided with a spring means that uses spring force in connection with the opening and closing operation and a solution diffusion means with the same operation and effect that uses magnetic force within a simple, small space. 
         [0012]    A fifth feature of the invention comprises the provision of a gas generation and supply device wherein a hydrogen gas storage body is linked to a granular material storage body. 
         [0013]    A seventh feature of the invention comprises the provision of a gas generation and storage device having a small space gas supply opening and closing valve arrangement that is constituted of a material where a round tube is formed from a single thin plate. 
         [0014]    An eighth feature of the invention comprises the provision of a gas generation and supply device which includes a member that is movable in response to the amount of the generated gas in a space across a permeable material (for example, carbon cloth) in the gas producing area, and which is provided with a hydrogen production volume adjustment means that adjusts the amount of hydrogen gas produced. 
         [0015]    Ninth and tenth features of the invention comprise the provision of a gas generation and supply device that can be used in systems ranging from gas supply pressure adjustment devices that make possible reduction to a volume of 1-2 cc at a pressure of 0.1 MPa or less based on molded materials, to applications for home use and mobile types of 100 to more than 1000 W. 
         [0016]    Twelfth and thirteenth features of the invention comprise the provision of a gas generation and supply device to which can be added a gas production volume adjustment means that has a larger surface for taking pressure than that following along one of the wall surfaces constituting the first, second or third storage bodies, an opening and closing means for the solution provided substantially in the center of the second storage body, a means with at least one of a movable pass-through material formed as a unit with the pressure receiving surface that passes through the second storage body, a solvent diffusion means at the periphery of the movable pass-though position and solvent leak isolation means, a generated gas supply outlet linked with the pressure receiving surface for the gas production volume adjustment means, and a large pressure receiving surface area along at least one of the walls forming the storage bodies according to the same concept. 
         [0017]    A fourteenth feature of the invention comprises the provision of a gas generation and storage device provided with a first storage body housing a catalytic solution supply means, a second storage body housing a granular material that produces hydrogen gas when contacted by the solution, a pressure chamber for the solution provided with a linking means for the second storage body, at least one electric drive means connected to the pressure chamber, and an electric voltage control means that outputs a signal that adjusts the opening and closing cf the catalyst solution supply and the amount of the supply based on control information from a fuel cell control system. 
         [0018]    A fifteenth feature of the invention pertains to a gas generation and supply device provided with a pressure chamber for the solution, which links the first and second storage bodies having a large pressure receiving surface along at least one of the side walls forming the first, second and third storage bodies, at least one electric drive means connected on the larger surface of pressure chamber, at least one of a narrowing means provided on the solution conducting side of the pressure chamber and a reverse flow prevention means, and a drive voltage control means. 
         [0019]    A sixteenth feature of the invention relates to a gas generation and supply device having a structure where the storage body for at least all or part of the first storage body is transparent. 
       Advantages of the Invention  
       [0020]    In accordance with the first feature of the invention, the fuel may be supplied when necessary such that it is easily handled with an operation such as putting on the cap of a fountain pen, safely and inexpensively, inclusive of small portable fuel cells. Also, it may be applied to inexpensive single-use types. 
         [0021]    In accordance with second and third features of the invention, supplementation, reuse and recycling of the catalytic solution may be done simply by use of a means such as an injection needle. 
         [0022]    In accordance with the fourth and sixth features of the invention, selection of a structure that uses a spring with high reliability for the manual opening and closing of the outlet valve to control starting and stopping actions for the chemical reaction or even further reduced size and space using magnetism is possible, and a supply means for all necessary amounts of fuel is possible. 
         [0023]    In accordance with the fifth feature of the invention, prevention of fuel waste and an instant supply are possible by changing to a simple means that eliminates the time lag for hydrogen generation caused by the starting and stopping of the chemical reaction and by linked storage of a small amount of the hydrogen gas storage material. 
         [0024]    In accordance with the seventh feature of the invention, compaction to a gas opening and closing volume of approximately 1 cc is made possible for equipment with an approximately 100 W output or less, for example, by a small space gas supply opening and closing means that uses a round tube that is formed from a thin plate. 
         [0025]    In accordance with the eighth feature of the invention, it is possible to control the progress of the chemical reaction by the hydrogen generation volume adjustment means that adjusts the volume of hydrogen gas generated, and it is possible to have production according to the amount of fuel consumed by the application. 
         [0026]    In accordance with the ninth and tenth features of invention, the applications of molded materials are developed based on the concept of the sixth feature of the invention, and for example, a gas supply pressure adjustment device capable of being reduced in size to a volume of approximately 2 cc for 0.1 MPa or lower is made possible. 
         [0027]    In accordance with the twelfth and thirteenth features of the invention, freedom of arrangement is provided by forming modules of the first, second and third storage bodies, and for example, 100-1000 W class equipment may be handled by providing a gas production volume adjustment means where the pressure adjustment precision has been increased by increasing the size of the gas receiving surface and a hydrogen gas supply volume adjustment. 
         [0028]    In accordance with the fourteenth feature of the invention, there may be a high degree of adjustment of the opening and closing of the catalyst solution supply based on control information from the fuel cell control system by making opening and closing control of the catalyst solution supply that has an electric drive means and waste is eliminated by raising the precision of the amount of catalyst solution supplied. Furthermore, there may be compatibility with predictive control that stops the catalyst solution supply with consideration given to the amount of hydrogen storage in the metal hydride before the ending of operation according to the operating pattern. 
         [0029]    In accordance with the fifteenth feature of the invention, a high level of control may be handled by the electric drive means that is in contact with the surface that is connected on the larger surface of pressure chamber even for the handling of, for example, 100-1000 W class equipment through the fusion and development of the concepts of the tenth and twelfth features of invention. 
         [0030]    In accordance with the sixteenth feature of the invention, the amount of catalytic solution remaining may easily be grasped, and in addition, the phenomenon may be understood by a typical person in a form that may be seen even though it is advanced technology. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
         [0031]      FIG. 1  is a cross-sectional view of a round gas cylinder hydrogen gas generation and supply device that incorporates the concepts and principles of the present invention. 
           [0032]      FIG. 2  is a cross-sectional view similar to  FIG. 1 , where the device is provided with an external opening and closing valve for controlling gas generation and delivery. 
           [0033]      FIG. 3  is a cross-sectional view similar to  FIG. 2 , where the device is provided with a metal hydride and gas supply opening and closing valve arrangement. 
           [0034]      FIG. 4  is a cross-sectional view similar to  FIG. 2 , where the device is provided with a gas generation control valve. 
           [0035]      FIG. 5  is a cross-sectional view similar to  FIG. 4 , where the device is provided with a metal hydride and gas supply pressure adjustment valve. 
           [0036]      FIG. 6  is a cross-sectional view illustrating the structure of a simplified gas supply pressure adjustment valve for use with the device of  FIG. 5 . 
           [0037]      FIG. 7  is a cross-sectional view illustrating the structure of a gas supply pressure adjustment valve for use with the device of  FIG. 5  where the valve has been made to handle higher pressures. 
           [0038]      FIG. 8  is a cross-sectional view of a parallel single body type hydrogen gas generation and supply device which embodies the concepts and principles of the present invention. 
           [0039]      FIG. 9  is an outline view of the device of  FIG. 8 . 
           [0040]      FIG. 10  is a cross-sectional view illustrating a device where gravity diffusion of the discharge liquid is employed. 
           [0041]      FIG. 11  is a cross-sectional view where the device of  FIG. 10  is provided with a gas supply pressure adjustment valve. 
           [0042]      FIG. 12  is a cross-sectional view of the round gas cylinder type hydrogen gas generation and supply device of  FIG. 2 , where the device is provided with an electric drive opening and closing valve. 
           [0043]      FIG. 13  is a cross-sectional view of the device of  FIG. 12 , where the device is provided with a metal hydride and gas supply opening and closing valve. 
           [0044]      FIG. 14  is a cross-sectional view of the device of  FIG. 13 , where the device is provided with an electric drive opening and closing valve. 
           [0045]      FIG. 15  is an outline view of the device of  FIG. 14 . 
           [0046]      FIG. 16  is a cross-sectional view of the device of  FIG. 10 , where the device is provided with an electric drive opening and closing valve. 
           [0047]      FIG. 17  is a cross-sectional view showing a regulator mechanism for a conventional fuel cell system. 
       
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
       [0048]    In the following description, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying the drawings. 
         [0049]      FIG. 1  is a cross-sectional view of a hydrogen gas generation and supply device wherein hydrogen gas is generated by a chemical reaction and supplied as fuel gas to a small, portable fuel cell. 
         [0050]    The gas generation and supply device of  FIG. 1  is constituted of a first storage body  1  and a second storage body  2 , which bodies are shown in an integrated state and referred to as integrated part  200 . Storage body  1  includes a housing  10  having an air hole  10   a  therein, which housing  10 , may, for example, be totally transparent when used with a low pressure, small volume hydrogen gas supply at approximately 0.1 Pa. The device of  FIG. 1  also includes a rubber balloon  11  that houses a catalytic solution  11   a  which may, for example, be water, or an aqueous solution of malic acid, or the like, a solution reverse flow prevention valve  12  comprising a tubular body  12   a  formed of a hydrogen resistant fluorine based material, a ball  12   b , a spring  12   c  and a spring retainer  12   d , and, for example, a plug  14  of the same material as the balloon along with a seat  15  pressed into the integrated part  200 . In addition, solution  11   a  may be introduced into balloon  11  from the outside via an inlet  13  provided with plug  13   b  having the same structure as the plug  14  and a fastening ring  13   a . Although balloon  11  is shown in  FIG. 1 , since the amount of the solution  11   a  consumed in the chemical reaction is small for small fuel cells, balloon  11  may not be needed because there may be a capillary effect that has the same function. Moreover, it may be possible to use positional energy or a pressurizing and reduction means as a replacement for the balloon  11 . 
         [0051]    With further reference to  FIG. 1 , second storage body  2  stores a particulate material  21   a,  (for example, specially processed aluminum alloy, borohydride (NaBH4), or the like) that generates hydrogen gas through contact with the solution  11   a  and a resultant chemical reaction, which reaction takes place within a gas permeable material  21  (for example, carbon cloth with good gas permeability). A needle shaped conduit  22  carried by storage body  2  is pressed through plug  14  and into body  20  by means of a seat  23  that is pressed into body  2 , and in the process when bodies  1  and  2  are integrated in the integrated part  200 , the needle shaped conduit  22  projects through the plug  14 , and the solution  11   a  flows into the second storage body  2 . A diffusing material  23  (for example, a foamed metal made of SUS, carbon cloth, or the like) to facilitate diffusion of the solution  11   a  is connected to the outlet of the conduit  22  and is positioned substantially in the center of the storage body  2  as shown. Hydrogen gas  300  produced by the resultant uniform chemical reaction is supplied evenly through a tube  30   a  that is pressed into a supply opening  30  provided in the body  20 . From the above it can be seen that a small hydrogen gas generation and supply device according to the present invention may be in the form of a 2-3 NL fuel supply cylinder with a diameter of 10 mm or less and a length of several tens of mm. 
         [0052]      FIG. 2  is a cross-sectional view of a hydrogen gas generation and supply device that embodies a second feature of the present invention. The second storage body  2  of this device of  FIG. 2  has an external opening and closing function provided by an external valve arrangement  4  that makes it possible to perform a flow opening and closing operation for the solution  11   a  to the second storage body  2  and an opening and closing valve  44  that is part of the valve arrangement  4  is added to the device of  FIG. 1 . In addition, the first storage body  1  has the same constitution as shown in  FIG. 1 . Therefore, the same element numbers are given to the same parts, and duplicate descriptions are omitted. 
         [0053]    The external opening and closing valve arrangement  4  is joined to the body  20  through an O-ring  40   a  by a screw  40   b , and the ball  44   c  of the opening and closing valve  44  may be opened and closed by an external screw knob  40   d . The opening and closing valve  44  is pressed toward the conduit  22 , and bodies  44   a  and  44   d , which are provided with a spring  44   b  and a ball  44   c , are pressed toward each other. The ball  44   c  is pressed in the direction of release by a shaft  40   c  through the turning of the screw knob  40   d , which is screwed into a nut  40   e , and the solution  11   a  may then flow into the second storage body  2  through the gap between ball  14   c  and body  44   b . If the screw  40   d  is turned in the opposite direction, the ball  44   c  moves in the closing direction. A solution diffusing material  23  is provided on the periphery of the shaft  40   c.    
         [0054]      FIG. 3  is a cross-sectional view of a hydrogen gas generation and supply device comprising a third feature of the present invention. In the device of  FIG. 3 , the reverse flow prevention valve  12  of the device of  FIG. 2  is replaced by a reverse flow prevention valve  12   e  and a magnet  12   g , and a third storage body  3  and a generated gas supply opening and closing valve  5  are added to the second storage body  2 . Therefore, the same element numbers are given to the same parts, and duplicate descriptions are omitted. 
         [0055]    When ball  44   f  is affected by magnetism and the body  44   e  is not magnetic, the opening and closing valve  12   e  is joined with the magnet  12   g  and the needle shaped conduit  22  by pressing using a round tube  12   f . Ball  44   f  is pulled by magnet  12   g  to a closed position that prevents the flow of the solution  11   a  into body  2 . The shaft  40   c  may then be pushed up to a position to dislodge ball  44   f  and permit solution  11   a  to flow into body  2  by manual operation of the opening and closing knob  40   d . However, the magnitude of the magnetic force exerted by magnet  12   g  is set so that valve  44  is closed whenever generated gas attempts to flow backwardly into first storage body  1 . 
         [0056]    With reference again to  FIG. 3 , a metal hydride material  31  is segregated from the particulate material  21   a  by a separation element  21   b  formed from a gas permeable material. Accordingly, the metal hydride material  31  may store and release hydrogen gas located in body  20 . When the opening and closing valve  12   e  is open, hydrogen gas is released instantly by the metal hydride material  31 , and the delay in the gas generation rate during the initial phases of the chemical reaction is thusly supplemented. A generated gas supply opening and closing valve arrangement  5  is provided at the generated gas supply opening  30 . Arrangement  5  includes a generally T-shaped tubular valve body  5   b  made up of a first tubular portion presenting an opening and closing operation opening  5   c,  a second tubular portion presenting a generated gas inflow opening  5   a , and a third tubular portion presenting an outflow opening  300 . Body  5   b  may be formed from a single, thin cast plate round tube (for example, employing an aluminum tube forming process). Valve arrangement  5  may also include a cap  5   e  for closing opening  5   c , and which is formed from a thin, cast plate round tube provided with female screw threads  5   d  pressed into the interior surface of cap  5   e , a flat surface  5   f  provided on the interior surface of operation opening  5   c,  an O-ring  5   g  which cooperates with flat surface  5   f  to provide a gas isolation seal, and male screw threads  5   i  are disposed on the outer surface of a shaft  5   h  in a position for meshing with female screw threads  5   d . Arrangement  5  further may include a pinched part  5   k  located in a position on the second tubular portion that presents generated gas inflow opening  5   a.  Pinched part  5   k  cooperates with a seat  5   j  on shaft  5   h  to open and close opening  5   a.  To this end, seat  5   j  is elastic and deforming, and the same is screwed toward and away from pinched part  5   k  by means of a knob  5   n,  and for equipment with an approximately 100 W output or lower, for example, valve arrangement  5  may be made compact with a volume of approximately 1 cc or less for the entire supply opening and closing function. 
         [0057]      FIG. 4  is a cross-sectional view of a hydrogen gas generation and supply device comprising a fourth feature of the present invention. The second storage body  2  of the device of  FIG. 4  includes a hydrogen gas generation volume adjustment valve arrangement  6  added to the device of  FIG. 2 . Therefore, the same element numbers are given to the same parts, and duplicate descriptions are omitted. 
         [0058]    The hydrogen gas volume adjustment valve arrangement  6  of the device of  FIG. 4  is provided with a sealing element  61   a  disposed in a space  6   a  which is adjacent to particulate material  21   a  but is segregated therefrom by gas permeable material  21 . A shaft  61   d , which penetrates through body  2 , contacts ball  44   c  and is secured to and is in contact with a thin plate die cast movable member  61  that is held in place by the sealing element  61   a . The member  61  then deforms depending on how high or low the generated gas pressure is in space  6   a . A seat  61   c  secured to a stub shaft  40   c  provides a seat for a spring  61   b  on the back-pressure side of member  61 . When the pressure in space  6   a  above movable member  61  is higher than a prescribed pressure, the force applied to member  61  by spring  61   b  is overcome and the member  61  moves downwardly to allow the ball  44   c  to move in the closing direction, and when the pressure in space  6   a  is lower than the prescribed pressure, the spring  61   b  will operate to overcome the pressure so as to move member  61  and thereby ball  44   c  upwardly in the opening direction, whereby the amount of generated gas may be adjusted. A diffusing material  23  and an elastic seal material capable of preventing entry of solution  11   a  are provided around shaft  61   d.    
         [0059]      FIG. 5  is a cross-sectional view of a hydrogen gas generation and supply device comprising a fifth feature of the present invention. This device of  FIG. 5  is one where a third storage chamber  3  and a new hydrogen gas supply pressure adjustment valve arrangement  7  are added to the second storage body  2 . Therefore, the same element numbers are given to the same parts, and duplicate descriptions are omitted. 
         [0060]    The hydrogen gas supply pressure adjustment valve arrangement  7  of  FIG. 5  is connected to a thin plate die cast movable member  71  provided with a seal  71   a  on the outer periphery thereof and the same presents a convex shape relative to the side receiving the pressure of the generated gas. Arrangement  7  also includes a seat  71   c  where a spring  71   b  is seated in the concave interior of member  71 . Seat  71   c  is secured to a stub shaft  71   d  by screws  71   f ,  71   g . An opening and closing ball  73   a  is operated on by shaft  71   d  working spring  71   b  which pushes member  71  toward ball  73   a . For this purpose complimentary screw threads provided on shaft  71   d  cooperate with screw threads  71   e  in body  72 . Ball  73   a  is housed in body  73  along with plate  73   b  and spring  73   c . A unitary body is thus formed by pressing the body  72  into place around body  73  as shown in  FIG. 5 . A gas supply opening  30  is pressed onto a stub pipe extending from body  73  as shown. A discharge tube  72   a  is connected to body  72  as shown. Therefore, for example, it is possible to have a gas supply adjustment device using a thin plate die casting (made, for example, using an aluminum tube die casting process) that may be made small to the extent of handling a volume of 1-2 cc at a supply pressure of 0.1 MPa. 
         [0061]      FIG. 6  is a cross-sectional view of an alternative valve arrangement  7   a  which may be used instead of the valve arrangement  7 . Arrangement  7   a  is made of the die cast material described above in connection with the device of  FIG. 5 , and the same is designed so as to reduce the space requirements and expense of the device, to thereby facilitate the production of small, portable, disposable devices useful for applications with power requirements of the several tens of watts class, for example. Basically, the constitution and operation are the same as with the device of  FIG. 5  described above, so the same element numbers are applied to parts with common functions, and duplicate descriptions are omitted. 
         [0062]    As shown in  FIG. 6 , only elastic deforming members  71   h  and  73   d  are housed in the body  73  of valve arrangement  7   a . The member  71   h , having a concave outer surface, is joined to the crescent shaped outer periphery of the shaft  71   d , to present a cavity  71   k  therebetween for increasing the freedom of selection for the load characteristics of the shaft  71   d  in the movable direction. The outer periphery of discharge tube  72   a  is provided with a shape  71   j  which is in contact with the body  73  to prevent gas from leaking. The deforming member  73   d  has a semicircular shape, and the gas inflow side  74   a  is provided with at least one slit  73   e  where gas flows. In a state where the seat  73   b  is in contact with member  73   d , the latter has a prescribed amount of elastic deformation, whereby the seat  73   b  and the member  73   d  are in a gas sealing state. The operating principles for the valve arrangement  7   a  of  FIG. 6  are the same as those described above in connection with the valve arrangement  7  of  FIG. 5 . 
         [0063]      FIG. 7  is a cross-sectional view of a further alternative valve arrangement  7   b  which may be used instead of the valve arrangements  7  and  7   a . Arrangement  7   b  facilitates the use of a highly precise high pressure supply of fuel for power requirements in the 100-1000 W class, for example, and which is the reverse of valve arrangement  7   a . Basically, the constitution and operation of arrangement  7   b  are the same as for arrangements  7  and  7   a , so the same element numbers are applied to parts with common functions, and duplicate descriptions are omitted. 
         [0064]    In  FIG. 7 , the parts housed in the bodies  72  and  74  disclosed for the hydrogen gas generation and supply valve arrangement  7  may be housed in a single body (for example, a cast aluminum product) that has been machine processed in only one direction, and a highly precise high supply pressure device for use where the power requirements are in the 100-1000 W class is made possible. Joining screw threads  74   b  on the outside periphery of the hydrogen gas inlet and joining screw-threads  74   c  on the inside periphery of the flow outlet  300  are provided in this device as is illustrated in  FIG. 7 . 
         [0065]      FIG. 8  is a cross-sectional view of a hydrogen gas generation and supply device comprising an eighth feature of the present invention. This device shown in  FIG. 8  has the same constituency and functions as the device illustrated in  FIG. 5 , except that the first storage body  1 , second storage body  2  and third storage body  3  are disposed and arranged in parallel. Through the use of the unitary body construction illustrated in  FIG. 8 , fuel supply control and pressure adjustment precision are provided so as to make various applications in the 100-1000 W class possible while still allowing for compactness. Therefore, the same element numbers are given to the same parts, and duplicate descriptions are omitted. 
         [0066]    The third storage body  3  of the device of  FIG. 8  uses excess space in the storage bodies  1  and  2 , and all three bodies are housed in a single structure  10   b  having parallel spaces that may be die cast as a single unit with die cast aluminum for example. The first and second storage bodies  1  and  2  are interconnected via a through hole  22   a  provided with a joining opening  22   b  that the solution  11   a  passes through during operation, and a tube  22   d  provided with an O-ring  22   c  is inserted into the opening  22   b . In addition, the third storage body  3  is provided with a seal  20   b  between a through hole  31   a  and a cover  20   a . A diaphragm  61  provided with a wide pressure receiving surface area is pressed into the body  10   b  along the upper surface of the second storage body  2 , as shown, to raise the adjustment precision. A shaft  61   d , that passes through the storage body  2 , is secured to the diaphragm  61 , and a hydrogen gas opening and closing valve  12   e  is provided with a magnet  12   g  similarly to the arrangement of  FIG. 3 . Therefore, a structure that supplies the generated hydrogen gas with increased pressure adjustment precision from the outlet  300  is possible with one body  10   b  and one cover  20   b.    
         [0067]      FIG. 9  is a drawing showing a cross-sectional view of the device of  FIG. 8  taken along the line A-A′ of  FIG. 8 , and the element numbers are the same as in  FIG. 8 . A bolt hole  10   c  for attaching the cover  20   a  to body  10   b  can be seen in  FIG. 9 . 
         [0068]      FIG. 10  is a cross-sectional view of a hydrogen gas generation and supply device that comprises a tenth feature of the present invention. The first, second and third storage bodies  1 ,  2  and  3  of the device of  FIG. 10  basically have the same constituents as the device of  FIG. 8 , but the constitution is such that the function of the opening and closing valve  12   e  provided with the magnet  12   g  is performed using a reverse flow prevention valve  12  and the solution opening and closing valve  44  located in the first storage body  1 . The device of  FIG. 10  has a structure where the solution  11   a  also may use gravity to drip down into storage body  2  for the purpose of further increasing the reliability of the operation of the device. Therefore, the same element numbers are given to the same parts, and duplicate descriptions are omitted. 
         [0069]    In the device of  FIG. 10 , a reverse flow prevention valve  12  for the first storage body  1 , which performs the first function that was provided by the opening and closing valve  12   e  and the magnet  12   g  of  FIG. 8 , is provided on the balloon  11  side of the through hole  22   a  for the storage bodies  1  and  2 . The solution opening and closing valve  44 , which performs the second function that was provided by the opening and closing valve  12   e  and the magnet  12   g  of  FIG. 8 , is provided on the upper part of the second storage body  2 , so that it can make use of gravity. The hydrogen gas generated amount adjustment valve assembly  6  is disposed at the bottom part of the body  2 . A variable space  6   a  is provided between diaphragm  61 , that has a large surface area, and a gas permeable plate  21  (formed from a foamed metal made of SUS, for example). The shaft  61   d  is given flexibility through the use of a rubber grommet  61   a , and a seal  62  is provided to prevent leaking of the solution  11   a.  Accordingly, the device of  FIG. 10  is a gas generation and supply device characterized by increased reliability as described above. 
         [0070]      FIG. 11  is a cross-sectional view of a hydrogen gas generation and supply device comprised of an eleventh feature of the present invention. This eleventh feature is one where a hydrogen gas supply adjustment function is added to the first storage body  1  of the device of  FIG. 10 . Therefore, the same element numbers are given to the same parts, and duplicate descriptions are omitted. 
         [0071]    The hydrogen gas supply adjustment function of the device of  FIG. 11  is provided by a valve arrangement  7  having a diaphragm  71  that has a large pressure receiving surface area disposed along the lower surface of the first storage body  1 , and this diaphragm  71  receives pressure through the through holes  31   a  located between the first and second storage bodies  1  and  2 . Diaphragm  71  operates in conjunction with the opening and closing ball  73   a  to supply and adjust the pressure of the fuel gas flowing to the supply opening  300  in the cover  40   d . The shaft  71   d,  which is a unit with an external screw knob  71   f,  passes through the first storage body  1  on the back pressure side of the diaphragm  71 , and the spring  71   b  operates to add and reduce pressure on the external screw knob  71   f  via the shaft  71   c . The shaft  71   d  can move in a hollow tube  11   c  sealed from the balloon  11  by rings  11   b  and  11   e,  and the solution  11   a  is introduced into the cover  20   a  by way of a pipe lid secured by a plate  11   f.  The device of  FIG. 11  is thus an inexpensive, compact gas generation and supply device having a single body and two covers, but having a high level of supply pressure precision, that is further characterized by being useful, for example, in the 100-1000 W class. 
         [0072]      FIG. 12  is a cross-sectional view of a hydrogen gas generation and supply device comprising a twelfth feature of the present invention. As is shown in  FIG. 12 , the device uses an electric drive for operating the opening and closing valve assembly  44 , which is similar to the valve assembly  44  of the device of  FIG. 2 , as described above, and the same comprises a hydrogen gas generation and supply pressure adjustment device capable of higher level control for a fuel cell system. Therefore, the same element numbers are given to the same parts, and duplicate descriptions are omitted. 
         [0073]    The electric drive for opening and closing the valve assembly  44  of  FIG. 12  is identified by the reference numeral  8 , and the same includes an actuator  81  located within a single pressure chamber  80  linking the first and second storage bodies  1  and  2 . A body  44   a  that has a restriction  83  on the solution conduit side  22 , and a reverse flow prevention valve arrangement  44  on the discharge side  82  is pressed into body  2  and sealed. As mentioned above, actuator  81 , which may be a piezo actuator, for example, is located within pressure chamber  80 , and an opening and closing control signal is received based on control information from a fuel cell control system  86  from a circuit  84 . Wasteful consumption of the solution is prevented by providing a drive voltage control device  85  for the output, and it is possible to have high level control capable of determining the timing for stopping the catalytic solution supply with consideration given to the amount of stored hydrogen in the metal hydride before ending operation according to the operating pattern using predictive control. 
         [0074]      FIG. 13  is a cross-sectional view of a hydrogen gas generation and supply device comprising a thirteenth feature of the present invention. This thirteenth feature is one that adds a third storage body  3  and a valve assembly  7  providing a hydrogen supply pressure adjustment function to the device of  FIG. 12 . Therefore, the same element numbers are given to the same parts, and duplicate descriptions are omitted. 
         [0075]    The third storage body  3  is adjacent to the second storage body  2 , and the bodies  2  and  3  are separated by a gas permeable material  21   b , and a hydrogen gas supply pressure adjustment valve assembly  7  is provided on the outlet  30 . Since a description of these components has already been given, it will be omitted, but suffice it to say, the device of  FIG. 13  provides a hydrogen gas generation and supply pressure adjustment device suitable for use in connection with 100 W or lower class equipment, for example, and further includes an electric drive device in a small highly functional, portable gas cylinder shape. 
         [0076]      FIG. 14  is a cross-sectional view of a hydrogen gas generation and supply device comprised of a fourteenth feature of the present invention. This device of  FIG. 14  has a structure that is based on the device of  FIG. 13 , which is provided with the reverse flow prevention valve  12   f  that makes use of the magnet shown in  FIG. 8  and the opening and closing function provided by the valve assembly  5  of  FIG. 3 , and the same is capable of being used in connection with thin card type applications. Therefore, the same element numbers are given to the same parts, and duplicate descriptions are omitted. 
         [0077]    The reverse flow prevention valve  12   f  was described above in connection with the  FIG. 3 , and is such that the opening and closing valve  12   e  and the magnet  12   g  are made so as to be compatible with the electric drive device  81 . The magnet  12   g  is provided on the first storage body  1  side of the body  12   a , and the position of the ball  44   f  in the closed state is at the top of the body  12   a . The force of the magnet  12   g  is higher than the pressure in the balloon  11  and lower than the discharge force for the solution  11  from the pressure chamber  80  using the electric drive. The ball  44   f  pressed by the discharge force is held in place by at least one protrusion  12   h  provided on the body  12   a , and the solution  11   a  may flow out into the second storage body  2  through a gap presented between ball  44   f  and an inner wall of body  12   a . In addition, as is shown in  FIG. 15 , applications that this fourteenth feature is compatible with may be provided with an electric drive means  81  having a surface that is wider than the round gas cylinder type of devices shown in  FIGS. 12 and 13 . Since the discharge amount and pressure have high capacities, it is sufficiently possible to have a setting lower than the gas pressure, and use in connection with thin card type applications is therefore possible. In addition, an example where the opening and closing device  5  is pressed into the supply opening  30  is shown. 
         [0078]      FIG. 15  is an outline view of the device of  FIG. 14 , and the same parts are given the same element numbers. In this regard it is to be noted that  FIG. 14  is a cross-sectional view of the device taken along the line B-B′ of  FIG. 15 . 
         [0079]      FIG. 16  is a cross-sectional view of a hydrogen gas generation and supply device comprising a sixteenth feature of the present invention. This sixteenth feature provides an electric drive opening and closing function for the device of  FIG. 14 , and is a hydrogen gas generation and supply pressure adjustment device characterized by fuel supply to a fuel cell for 100-1000 W class equipment, for example, which requires a high level of control for the device of  FIG. 14 . Therefore, the same element numbers are given to the same parts, and duplicate descriptions are omitted. 
         [0080]    The electric drive opening and closing function is provided by an arrangement constituted of a plate  80   b  into which conducting pipes  82  and  83  for the pressure chamber  80 , which has a larger surface than that along the balloon  11 , are pressed, and a ring  80   a . The pipe  82  passes through a plug  80   c , and conducts liquid to the through hole  22   a . At least one ring shaped electric drive device  81 , that follows the pressure chamber surface, is provided, and this increases the amount of the solution  11   a  discharged, and thus the discharge pressure. Therefore, a circular shaped flat member provided with at least one or more pores  82   b  is positioned in a flat tank  82   a  into which a solution nozzle to the second storage body is pressed, and a uniform jet of the solution  11   a  is thus made possible. 
         [0081]      FIG. 17  is a fuel cell system regulator, and it has a back pressure chamber side diaphragm and a pressure adjustment chamber diaphragm. In an application where the pressure of the pressure adjustment chamber is adjusted by the back pressure in the back pressure chamber, the regulator of  FIG. 17  is characterized by being able to adjust the pressure in a range higher than the back pressure in the back pressure chamber. Accordingly,  FIG. 17  has an object different from the present invention, and even though it is not always cited as a conventional technology, it is one of those cited in constitutions of current fuel cell systems. As was described at the beginning, one of the representative conventional technologies for handling the problems faced by the present invention is a small 4 NL gas cylinder having a volume of approximately 30 cc, but a device that can be portable and generate and supply fuel and that is inexpensive, lightweight and oriented to mass production has not previously been found, so this has been cited as on example of the constitution of a current fuel cell system. 
       Effects of the Features of the Invention 
       [0082]    According to the features of the invention described above, along with developing the technology for fuel gas production, the elements of the invention are modularized so as to make the seamless handling of multiple applications possible for fuel supplies to fuel cells in equipment that has an output, for example, from approximately 3 W to over 1000 W in a new form. An invention with a large variety of forms for which the optimal variation is selectable is shown. It is of a directly implementable level, and it is one that pioneers a new supply form. Furthermore, all of the embodiments shown here may be easily developed for a variety of applications. 
       Other Features of the Invention 
       [0083]    In the embodiments of  FIGS. 1 through 16 , the basic functions provided with various elements are modularized for fuel supply systems for various applications, and the basic mode for each invention is shown each of those elements. It is such that combinations and applications of these embodiments may be easily made. In addition, the present invention mainly has symmetry for hydrogen fuel for fuel cells, but there are naturally many other possible applications in gases and liquids other than hydrogen for the various elements of the invention enumerated here. 
       Explanation of the Elements 
       [0084]    In the drawings, reference numerals  1 ,  2 ,  3  are storage bodies; numerals  4 ,  5 ,  6  are pressure adjustment valves; numeral  5  is an opening and closing valve; numerals  5   e ,  20   a ,  40   d  are covers; numerals  5   g ,  5   j ,  20   b ,  40   b ,  62  are sealing material; numeral  8  is an electric drive device; numerals  10 ,  12 ,  20 ,  44   a ,  44   d ,  72 ,  73 ,  73   d ,  74 ,  82   c  are bodies; numeral  11  is a balloon; numeral  11   a  is a catalytic solution; numerals  12 ,  44  are reverse flow prevention valves; numerals  12   b ,  44   c ,  44   f ,  73   a  are balls; numerals  12   c ,  44   b ,  61   b ,  71   c  are springs; numeral  12   g  is a magnet; numeral  13  is an inlet; numerals  13   b ,  14 ,  80   c  are rubber plugs; numeral  21  is a gas permeable material; numeral  21   a  is a particulate aluminum alloy; numerals  22 ,  82 ,  83  are linking pipes; numerals  22   a ,  31   a ,  71   h  are through holes; numeral  23  is a diffusing material; numeral  31  is a metal hydride; numerals  61 ,  71  are diaphragms; numerals  62 ,  200  are joined parts; numeral  80  is a pressure chamber; numeral  82   b  is a pore; numeral  85  is a drive voltage control part; numeral  86  is a fuel cell control part; and numeral  300  is a fuel supply opening.