Abstract:
Apparatus for testing the integrity of an access chamber system during or after installation thereof, includes connection means ( 5; 4,6 ) for making substantially fluid-tight connection with any part of the chamber system, evacuation means for evacuating the air within the chamber system to provide a vacuum therein, and means for monitoring the level of vacuum over a predetermined period of time.

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD  
         [0001]    The present invention relates to apparatus and method primarily intended for testing the integrity of a sealed access chamber system, at any stage prior to the completion of the installation, whereby there is an opportunity to correct any faults. The apparatus and method of the present invention may also be used on an existing installation, to ensure that the installation is functioning correctly and/or to identify any faults or weaknesses in any part of the installation. This invention is designed to assist environmental issues of containing petroleum spirit (and associated vapor) within a chamber system and at the same time achieving a water free environment within said chamber.  
         BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0002]    The phrases “chamber system” or “access chamber system” are each to be interpreted as meaning any or all of access chamber itself, corbel, frame, neck or any extension piece(s), lid, suction lines or other utilities.  
           [0003]    The installation of an access chamber involves a number of stages. Firstly, the chamber is fixed and sealed to the storage tank and this may be by one of the following:  
           [0004]    (a) to the neck or lid of the manway lid,  
           [0005]    (b) to a separate upstand, or  
           [0006]    (c) to the fill pipe-and/or other pipe flanges.  
           [0007]    Then, one or more connections have to be made through the side wall of the access chamber for supply lines, electrical cables, and other utilities, and it may also be necessary to add an extension to the chamber, all of these connections must likewise be sealed. Finally, a corbel unit may be secured and sealed to the upper region of the access chamber, and this is also secured to a frame which is seated flush with ground level (the term “access chamber installation” is to be interpreted as encompassing any or all of these components).  
           [0008]    At any or all of these stages, faults can occur in that the respective seals are not properly made. In particular, the interior of the access chamber must be adequately sealed to contain any spillage of petroleum spirit and/or associated vapor as well as against possible ingress of water from the ground surrounding the access chamber—the pressure on the chamber due to this ground water can be considerable, particularly in winter or wet weather conditions when the water table rises.  
           [0009]    It is, therefore, the aim of the present invention to provide testing apparatus and method of testing which seeks to identify problems with the various seals used in the installation, ideally prior to the various stages of backfilling and concreting when remedial action would involve re-excavation, the testing apparatus conveniently being portable and suitable for a range of both round and square chambers of varying sizes.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0010]    According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided apparatus for testing the integrity of an access chamber system during or after installation thereof, the apparatus including connection means for making substantially fluid-tight connection with any part of the chamber system, evacuation means for evacuating the air within the chamber system to provide a vacuum therein, and means for monitoring the level of vacuum over a predetermined period of time.  
           [0011]    Once the desired level of vacuum has been achieved, the apparatus is then sealed (by means of, for example, a one-way valve). As time passes, the components of the chamber system will relax—they creep under the load applied by the vacuum. The effect of this creep is a slight reduction in vacuum which is equivalent to that which would occur due to a very small leak. Thus, the apparatus must be capable of distinguishing between vacuum reduction due to creep and that due to a small leak. This is achieved in the present invention by monitoring the vacuum level over a predetermined period of time, and from this information, the rate of decay is determined and compared with data obtained from empirical tests—if the rate of decay exceeds an established value then the indicator means will show that a leak is present.  
           [0012]    As access chambers vary in depth (deeper chambers being potentially more likely to be subjected to greater pressures from ground water), the apparatus preferably allows for one of several (typically five) different chamber depths to be selected—each setting corresponds to a different level of vacuum and corresponding monitoring time and includes an allowance built in to compensate for the effects of creep of the chamber system.  
           [0013]    The means for monitoring the vacuum includes a vacuum sensor which feeds back the vacuum information into a dedicated microprocessor which has been preprogrammed with information relating to chamber depth, associated vacuum level, and rates of decay corresponding to specific time periods. The microprocessor interprets this information and establishes if the chamber system is sealed or if a leak is present.  
           [0014]    Preferably, the microprocessor is also programmed to detect an excessive leak, i.e., failure to achieve the predetermined vacuum level.  
           [0015]    The output of the monitoring means is displayed on a user interface, which is preferably in the form of a visual indication panel on the apparatus itself, utilizing, for example, LED display functions to indicate the start and end of the test and the result, the same interface also being utilized to receive user input such as selection of the chamber depth and starting the test, by means of push-buttons or the like.  
           [0016]    The apparatus may include a separate lid for placing over the access chamber (or corbel or frame), and this lid is preferably manufactured in a range of different sizes, to suit different access chamber installations. Up to approximately 36″ square, the lid may be formed in a single piece, but for sizes larger than this, it would be inconvenient to transport a single piece lid. Thus, the lid may (at least for larger sizes) comprise two panels, each being hinged to a central member, such that the panels may each be pivoted about a respective axis running parallel to the longitudinal axis of the central member, between a stowed position in which the two panels are face to face, and an operative position in which the two panels are adjacent in the same plane, thereby forming the lid.  
           [0017]    In the preferred embodiment, the evacuation means and vacuum monitoring means are remote from the lid and housed within a single control unit (which may also house the, but are linked to it by means of two separate hoses or pipes—one to apply the vacuum and the other to test the vacuum). The apparatus can then be operated remotely (i.e., at least a minimum distance away from the installation) to avoid the risk of fire or explosion due to any petrol vapor which may be in the area in or around the access chamber.  
           [0018]    Conveniently, the central member also includes handle mans, whereby the lid may be placed in position by one or two operatives—additionally, the lid may also include handle means to assist in the positioning and removal of the lid. Chamber sizes and shapes vary and any one size of lid will be required to function on a range of chambers and the sealing arrangement must be able to accommodate the variations.  
           [0019]    The connection of a chamber unit to a corbel or extension piece requires the use of some form of seal and in the preferred seal arrangement, this seal is designed with the dual function of acting as a seal between the chamber unit and the lid for the period of testing, and on completion of the test, the seal then remains in place and functions to seal the chamber unit to either a corbel unit or extension piece. An advantage of this type of seal is that during the vacuum test, the integrity of the seal to the chamber unit is tested. Material for this type of seal would typically be a “Neoprene” or EPDM closed cell foam (see FIG. 6).  
           [0020]    In situations where a suitable chamber to corbel unit seal is not available, a seal is fitted to the face of the lid which extends around the periphery. The top edge of a chamber unit, corbel unit, or extension piece embeds into the seal and when vacuum is applied, the lid is pulled down onto the chamber, ensuring an airtight seal. Material for this type of seal would typically be a “Neoprene” or EPDM closed cell foam (see FIG. 7).  
           [0021]    In situations where the lid outside shape corresponds very closely with the chamber unit, a third type of seal can be used. A thin length of rubber strip material joined to form a continuous band is stretched over the outside of both the lid and chamber, thus encapsulating the joint. The application of vacuum draws the rubber seal tighter against the two components enhancing the seal. Material for this type of seal would typically be Nitrile rubber (see FIG. 8).  
           [0022]    In the case of the pivoted lid, the hinges are conveniently standard piano hinges. The hinged construction of this particular embodiment of the apparatus means that it may readily be collapsed into a portable unit, and then opened up on site to form a lid.  
           [0023]    In the pivoted lid embodiment, the seal means compromises two separate seals—a first seal which extends around the periphery of the lid to form a seal with the upper edge of the access chamber or corbel unit (this first seal may take one of the two forms shown in FIGS. 6 and 7), and a second, thinner seal of, for example, Nitrile rubber in the region of the two hinges between the central member and adjacent panels.  
           [0024]    In use, the lid is placed on top of the access chamber (or corbel unit or frame), the vacuum pump is connected to the interior of the access chamber by means of a part in the lid, and a vacuum is created by evacuating the air within the chamber—as the vacuum increases, the first seal member is drawn into even closer contact with the chamber such that the system is effectively self-sealing, provided that the lid is reasonably well positioned to begin with. When the desired vacuum is reached (typically 120 millibars) to simulate the pressure from the surrounding ground water, it is sustained for a period of time, typically 15 minutes or thereabouts. If the vacuum is maintained during this test period, the installation, and particularly the seals, is structurally sound, but if any seal is defective or badly or incorrectly fitted, a fairly sudden loss of vacuum will occur and the appropriate remedial action can be taken.  
           [0025]    A further method for dealing with very small leaks which may not be easily detected by a change in vacuum level is to apply a liquid penetrant dye around the outside of all joints and seals—if a small leak exists, the dye is drawn into the chamber unit where it is easily observed. The lid can be fitted with one or more viewing windows which allow the inside of the chamber unit to be observed during testing—where two windows are provided, this enables the user to shine a torch into one window and observe through the other window.  
           [0026]    The installation can be tested at any time during the installation, and conveniently this would be done once all the necessary connections and seals have been made, but before completion. Or each sealed connection can be tested separately so that any fault can more easily be identified.  
           [0027]    The installation can also be tested after installation, either on a routine basis or if a particular fault has arisen.  
           [0028]    According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of testing the integrity of an access chamber during installation thereof, the method comprising the steps of connecting any part of the chamber system to evacuation means in substantially fluid-tight manner, operating the evacuation means to evacuate the air within the chamber system to provide a vacuum therein, and monitoring the level of vacuum over a predetermined period of time.  
           [0029]    In certain situations, the chamber may be fitted with an internal sump lid and in this case, it would be possible to connect the evacuation and indicator means of the apparatus directly to this internal lid, removing the need for a separate lid forming part of the apparatus. Similarly, it would be possible, in certain situations, to connect the evacuation and indicator means directly to one or more suction lines forming part of the chamber system, again avoiding the need for a separate lid.  
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0030]    Embodiments of the present invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:  
         [0031]    [0031]FIG. 1 illustrates a typical access chamber installation, to which the testing apparatus of the invention may be applied;  
         [0032]    [0032]FIG. 2 illustrates the lid of the preferred embodiment of the invention, in the stowed position;  
         [0033]    [0033]FIG. 3 is an end view of the lid shown in FIG. 2;  
         [0034]    [0034]FIG. 4 is a section through the lid showing, in particular, the construction of the central member and the hinges;  
         [0035]    [0035]FIG. 5 is a detailed drawing of the hinge;  
         [0036]    [0036]FIG. 6 is a partial section showing a first variant of the first seal means;  
         [0037]    [0037]FIG. 7 is a partial section showing a second variant of the first seal means;  
         [0038]    [0038]FIG. 8 is a partial section showing a third variant of the first seal means;  
         [0039]    [0039]FIG. 9 illustrates the single piece lid version of the remotely operated embodiment of the invention;  
         [0040]    [0040]FIG. 10 illustrates the folding lid version of the remotely operated embodiment; and  
         [0041]    [0041]FIG. 11 is a schematic illustrating the principle of operation of the apparatus.  
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
       [0042]    Referring to FIG. 1, a sealed access chamber installation includes an upstand  20  protruding upwardly from the underground tank  22 , the access chamber itself,  24 , frame  26  seated flush with ground level and accommodating an access cover  28  therein, and a corbel unit  25  which is secured and sealed between the frame and the access chamber. This drawing also illustrates the various connections which all have to be made and sealed during installation, for example, between the upstand  20  and the access chamber  24 , between the various supply pipes and the access chamber wall, and between the corbel unit  25  and access chamber  24 , and between the corbel unit  25  and frame  26 . This drawing also illustrates the tank neck, manway access lid, and fill pipe. Although the present invention is primarily intended to be used to test the particular installation shown in FIG. 1, it should be appreciated that the invention can also be used to test any type of sealed access chamber installation.  
         [0043]    Referring to the drawings, test apparatus  10 , according to the present invention, comprises two panels  4 ,  6  and a central member  2 . The central member  2  gives structural rigidity to the apparatus and bears a central handle  2   a . The vacuum pump (not shown) may be a standard vacuum pump or a venturi pump.  
         [0044]    The panels  4 ,  6  each being skinned glass fiber panels with a central core, are hinged to the central member  2  along its respective long sides by means of one or more adapted piano hinges  8 , each of which has had one arm of the two ( 8   a ,  8   b ) reversed. A viewing window may be incorporated into one or both panels—see  4   a ,  6   a  in FIG. 10.  
         [0045]    The hinge is shown in FIG. 5 in the form in which it is supplied, and when one arm is reversed, it appears as shown in FIG. 4. One arm  8   b  of each hinge is glued into a corresponding slot in the base of the central member  2 , and the other arm  8   a  is bonded and screwed to a respective panel  6  ( 4 ), the whole hinge area being sealed by a “Neoprene” closed cell foam seal  11  which is thin enough to fold when the panels  4 ,  6  are pivoted on hinges  8 —when folded, two latches  41  are fastened to hold the panels together.  
         [0046]    Around the periphery of the lid formed by the two panels  4 ,  6  and the central member  2 , there is provided a second Nitrile rubber seal  12 , approximately 20 mm thick, to provide the necessary sealing engagement with the top of the access chamber.  
         [0047]    In use, the panels  4 ,  6  are opened out from the position shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 to that shown in FIG. 10, the lid is placed in position over the top of the access chamber, such that seal  12  rests on the upper edge of the chamber, (or alternatively, on the upper edge of the corbel or frame) and the vacuum pump (not shown) is connected to the interior of the chamber via a connection port (not shown) in the base of the central member  2 . Vacuum is then applied which pulls the lid down onto the access chamber (or corbel or frame) until seal  12  becomes substantially fluid-tight, whereupon the vacuum builds up to the desired level, typically 120 millibars, which is then maintained for approximately 15 minutes. Any loss of vacuum due to faulty seals on the access chamber installation, or indeed any other reason, will be readily detected as will be described in more detail below, and the test can then be repeated after the fault or faults have been remedied.  
         [0048]    The apparatus of the present invention provides an easily portable test kit for testing the installation prior to the final stages, namely backfilling and concreting around the complete chamber unit (including corbel unit and frame). Using the apparatus of the present invention, one can ensure that the installed access chamber will effectively contain petroleum spirit or associated vapor, which is effectively and adequately sealed against water ingress and which is also proven to withstand the maximum likely pressure exerted by the surrounding ground water.  
         [0049]    [0049]FIGS. 6, 7 and  8  illustrate different variants of the seal around the edge of the lid  5  for forming the airtight connection between the lid and the chamber. In FIG. 6, a seal  12 ′ of “Neoprene” or EPDM closed cell foam fits over the upper edge of the chamber by means of a slot provided in the seal, and serves both to provide the necessary airtight seal with the lid  5 ′ during testing, and afterwards, may remain in place to form the seal with either a corbel unit or extension piece or a suitable lid.  
         [0050]    In FIG. 7, a second variant of the seal  12 ″ of “Neoprene” or EPDM closed cell foam is relatively wide and runs around the periphery of the lid  4 ′, the top edge of the chamber unit simply embedding into the seal  12 ″ as shown.  
         [0051]    In FIG. 8, a third variant of the seal  12 ′″ simply comprises an endless band of Nitrile rubber which is stretched around and over the joint between the lid  5 ″, sealing the joint as vacuum is applied.  
         [0052]    In FIG. 9, the testing apparatus  10  (represented by the embodiment having a one piece lid  5  shown fitted to the chamber  24 ) is remote from a self-contained unit  30  housing the vacuum pump, vacuum indicator/monitoring means as well as other utilities such as timers and performance monitoring. Unit  30  is installed at a minimum safe distance away from the installation, and linked to the testing apparatus  10  via respective pipes  35 ,  37  of the required length. Thus, any fire risk due to electrical sparking in the possible presence of petrol vapor is eliminated.  
         [0053]    [0053]FIG. 10 illustrates the preferred embodiment of the invention, comprising the hinged lid with panels  4  and  6 , each incorporating a window  4   a ,  6   a . The lid has a central structural unit  2  bearing a carrying handle  2   a , and has fabric handles  43  at each end of central unit  2  and at two opposed corners of the lid. The pipes  35 ,  37  link the lid (shown in FIG. 10 on top of the access chamber  24 ) to a control unit  46  comprising essentially a dedicated microprocessor  40  and user interface  42 , the latter comprising a series of push-buttons and LEDs—depth setting selector  50  (ranging from 0.6 m to 3 m), start test button  52  and associated test progress LEDs, test result display  54 , emergency stop button  56  and power on LED  58 , the control unit being connected to the electrical power supply by means of cable  48 . A vent pipe  45  carries the evacuated air from inside the chamber (which may include fuel vapor) to be exhausted to the atmosphere at a safe distance, at least 5 m away from any electrical equipment.  
         [0054]    The function of the apparatus is illustrated schematically in FIG. 11—the selection and start test information is transmitted from user interface  42  to the microprocessor  40 , which selects the appropriate test program, according to the chamber depth selected. The microprocessor then controls the operation of the evacuation means and the vacuum monitoring means (indicated generally by  10 ), the vacuum monitoring means then feeding the information on vacuum level back to the microprocessor which works out the rate of decay (as measured over a predetermined period of time), compares this value with the stored empirical values, and sends the result back to the user interface  42  to be displayed accordingly on the test result LED display  54 .