Abstract:
Thermal regulation of perishable products is achieved using a container having an elongate thermal member which extends into a central region of the container. Thermal regulation is also achieved by selected direction of airflow about walls of the container and providing the container with a rib to facilitate air circulation between adjacent containers.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application is a continuation of co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/665,581 filed on Dec. 18, 2007, which is the national phase of PCT International Application No. PCT/NZ2005/000270 filed on Oct. 14, 2005, which claims priority to Application No. 536010 filed in New Zealand on Oct. 15, 2004. The entire contents of all of the above applications are hereby incorporated by reference. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    1. Field of the Invention 
         [0003]    This invention relates to thermal regulation of perishable products such as food products, and has particular relevance to cooling moat during meat processing. 
         [0004]    Throughout this specification it is to be understood that references to “meat” Include all forms of meat of all descriptions generally considered to be edible for example, including without limitation, beef, lamb, pork, poultry, fish and offal. 
         [0005]    2. Description of Related Art 
         [0006]    There is a requirement in many industries for controlling the temperature of perishable products, particularly foodstuffs such as meat. 
         [0007]    In the meat processing industry, for example, slaughtered meat must be cooled according to defined cooling specifications. 
         [0008]    In particular, it is highly advantageous to cool the meat relatively quickly after slaughter so as to minimise bacterial growth. 
         [0009]    Meat cuts are usually vacuum packed in plastic bags following slaughter. The bags are typically boxed in cardboard cartons and blast chilled. They are then palletized and transferred to air chillers. The process is inefficient requiring significant handling, and it is capital intensive. 
       BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0010]    It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved method or apparatus for temperature regulation or control of perishable products. 
         [0011]    A further or alternative object is to allow meat to be cooled quickly and/or efficiently. Alternatively or additionally it is an object of the invention to provide a method or apparatus for temperature regulation or control which will at least go some way to overcoming disadvantages associated with known constructions or methods, or at least to provide the public with a useful alternative. 
         [0012]    Accordingly in a first aspect the invention consists in a post slaughter meat processing chiller having: 
         [0000]    a container support structure adapted to support a plurality of containers of meat,
 
a plurality of air duct outlets arranged to direct a flow of cooled air over an external surface of each of a plurality of containers.
 
         [0013]    Preferably the chiller includes container transport means to transport containers to and from the support structure. 
         [0014]    Preferably the containers are reusable rigid containers. 
         [0015]    Preferably the structure includes container locating means arranged to facilitate location of each container in the structure, the locating means being provided such that containers are spaced apart a predetermined distance to allow air flow about adjacent containers. 
         [0016]    Preferably the container transport means automatedly transports containers from an entry to the chiller to one or more selected positions in the chiller, and from the one or more selected positions to an exit from the chiller. 
         [0017]    Preferably control means are provided to control the temperature and velocity of airflow about the containers. 
         [0018]    Preferably control means are provided to control the time for which containers are present in the chiller. 
         [0019]    In a second aspect the invention consists in a method for the post slaughter cooling and storage of meat, the method including the steps of: 
         [0000]    placing the meat within a rigid reusable container having at least one side wall, placing the container in a chiller such that the at least one side wall is exposed to a flow of air in a temperature range of substantially −2 degrees Celsius to 3 degrees Celsius at a velocity of substantially 1 metre per second to 2 metres per second. 
         [0020]    Preferably the temperature is substantially −1.5 degrees Celsius. Preferably the airflow velocity is substantially 1.5 metres per second. 
         [0021]    Preferably the airflow is directed about or across two side walls of the container. 
         [0022]    In a third aspect the invention consists in a method for the post slaughter cooling and storage of meat, the method including the steps of: 
         [0000]    providing a rigid reusable container having a spacing means,
 
placing meat in the container,
 
placing the container in a chiller adjacent to another container such that the spacing means of at least one container provide a separation between walls of the adjacent containers to allow airflow between the walls.
 
         [0023]    Preferably the spacing means comprise a projection from a side wall of the container. 
         [0024]    Alternatively or in addition the spacing means comprise a contoured wall, such as a tapered wall. Preferably the spacing means comprise a rib. 
         [0025]    Preferably the method includes the step of using the spacing means for contact or engagement with a lifting mechanism to lift and/or transport the container. 
         [0026]    Preferably the method includes the step of using the spacing means to stack empty containers. 
         [0027]    In a fourth aspect the invention consists in a method for the post slaughter cooling and storage of meat, the method including the steps of: 
         [0000]    placing the meat within a rigid reusable container having at least one substantially planar side wall, placing the container in a chiller such that the side wall is exposed to a flow of cooled air substantially parallel to the wall. 
         [0028]    Preferably the cooled air flow is in a temperature range of substantially −2 degrees Celsius to 3 degrees Celsius. 
         [0029]    Preferably the airflow velocity is substantially 1 metre per second to 2 metres per second. Preferably the temperature is substantially −1.5 degrees Celsius. Preferably the airflow velocity is substantially 1.5 metres per second. 
         [0030]    In a fifth aspect the invention consists in a container for perishable products, the container including a base and one or more walls dependent therefrom, and an elongate thermal member extending from the base into a substantially central region of the container, the thermal member including a cavity adapted to be filled with a substance having predetermined thermal properties to thereby control the temperature of a product placed in the container. 
         [0031]    Preferably the thermal member is removable from the container. 
         [0032]    Preferably the thermal member comprises part of a compression means to exert a compressive force on the product placed in the container. 
         [0033]    Preferably the compression means includes an upper plate attachable to the thermal member. 
         [0034]    Preferably the compression means includes a lower plate adapted for location one or adjacent to the base of the container and the thermal member depends from the lower plate. 
         [0035]    Preferably the compression means includes a clamp means to engage the upper plate with an end of the thermal member remote from the base. 
         [0036]    Preferably an end of the thermal member remote from the base includes clamp engagement means to engage with the clamp. 
         [0037]    Preferably the upper plate includes a biasing means to exert a force on the product. 
         [0038]    In a sixth aspect the invention consists in apparatus for treatment or storage of meat, the apparatus including a portable containment means for containing the meat and a compression means to apply compression to meat contained within the containment means, the compression means including a cavity for containing a refrigerated substance. 
         [0039]    In a seventh aspect the invention consists in a method of storing or treating meat, the method including the steps of: 
         [0000]    providing a container;
 
placing a refrigerated object or an object containing a coolant into the container; placing the meat into the container adjacent to the object;
 
placing the meat under compression.
 
         [0040]    Preferably the refrigerated object comprises an elongate member which may extend from the base into a substantially central region of the container, the thermal member including a cavity adapted to be filled with the coolant. 
         [0041]    Preferably placing the meat under compression includes attaching an upper plate to the elongate member and applying pressure to compress the meat between the upper plate and a lower plate provided at the base of the elongate member. 
         [0042]    In an eighth aspect the invention consists in a method of storing or treating meat, the method including the steps of: 
         [0000]    providing a container;
 
placing a refrigerated object or an object containing a coolant into the container; placing the meat into the container adjacent to the object;
 
placing the container into a chiller.
 
         [0043]    The invention also broadly consists in any new feature or combination of features disclosed herein. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0044]    At least one preferred embodiment of the invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: 
           [0045]      FIG. 1  is an isometric view of a container for containing perishable products such as meat; 
           [0046]      FIG. 2  is an isometric view of compression apparatus for location within the container shown in  FIG. 1 ; 
           [0047]      FIG. 3  is a partial isometric view of the apparatus of  FIG. 2  showing an upper end of the compression apparatus in greater detail; 
           [0048]      FIG. 4  is an partial exploded view of the apparatus of  FIG. 3  illustrating a clamping apparatus in an open position; 
           [0049]      FIG. 5  is a fully exploded isometric view of the apparatus of  FIGS. 3 and 4 ; 
           [0050]      FIG. 6  is a schematic plan view of a chiller; and 
           [0051]      FIG. 7  is a partial schematic side elevation of the chiller of  FIG. 6 . 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0052]    Referring to the drawings,  FIG. 1  shows a portable container generally referenced  1  which may be used to store, treat or transport perishable products such as cuts of meat. The container has a base  2  and one or more side walls  4  which depend from the base. A lid  6  may be fixedly attached to the container to provide a substantially fluid tight seal. 
         [0053]    The lid may include a valve  8  for the selective introduction or removal of fluids to or from the container to thereby control the atmosphere, content and/or pressure within the container. A projection or rib  5  is also provided. A taper  7  may be provided in wall or walls of the container. 
         [0054]    Turning to  FIG. 2 , apparatus for providing compression to meat, particularly meat primals is shown generally referenced  10 . The apparatus  10  is dimensioned for location within container  1 , and generally comprises a base plate  12  to which a central rod  14  is attached, and an upper plate  16 . Rod  14  provides a thermal function as will be described further below. Although it is advantageous to allow the compression apparatus to be removed from the container  1 , it will be seen by those skilled in the art that the rod  14  could depend directly from the base  2  of the container. 
         [0055]    In use, upper plate  16  of the compression apparatus is removed from the central rod  14  (as will be described further below), and the base plate  12  and rod  14  are located within the container, the base  12  being provided in contact with the base  2  of the container  1 . 
         [0056]    The meat cuts are then placed in the container about the central rod  14 , being stacked upwardly from the base  12 . Then, the upper plate  16  may be applied to compress the meat cuts within the container. This general compression method is disclosed in our U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,194,012 and 5,670,195, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. The central rod  14  may include one or more cavities or compartments (not shown) which preferably extend substantially the entire length of the rod  14 , so that it is substantially hollow. Of course, the rod  14  may take a variety of different shapes or forms. In a preferred embodiment, the rod  14  takes the form shown in the drawing Figures and includes openings  18  which allow an appropriate coolant substance to be provided within the rod. The rod may be constructed from a variety of different materials; however, we have found that Acetal has advantages of food safety cost, ease of manufacture and sufficient strength and durability. 
         [0057]    In the preferred embodiment, we fill the rod  14  with water, and then refrigerate the water until it is in the form of ice. The thermal conductivity of the Acetal material is sufficient to enable thermal energy from the meat placed in the container to be absorbed by the ice. We have found that this considerably assists the cooling of freshly slaughtered meat in the container down to an appropriate cooling level that provides an improved quality of meat product. 
         [0058]    In particular, the central location of the rod within the middle of the container means that heat energy, which would normally take a significant period of time to migrate from the centre of the container through the container wall and into the surrounding environment (which will typically be a chiller), is removed much more quickly. 
         [0059]    The construction also has the advantage that the rod  14  has the dual function of providing a structural member which allows compression to occur between the plates  12  and  16  (i.e. the rod  14  can withstand significant tensile forces) while also providing a cooling function. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that cooling materials other than water may be used. 
         [0060]    Turning to  FIG. 3 , a more detailed view of the assembly associated with upper plate  16  is shown. It can be seen from this view that the outer surface of an upper portion of the rod  14  includes teeth  20  between or about which a clamp assembly engages in use. 
         [0061]    In  FIG. 4 , the clamp assembly is shown in more detail, comprising two members  24 , each of which have recesses  26  adapted to accommodate one or more teeth  20  of the central rod  14 . Levers  28  are pivotally engaged with each of the members  24  and may be rotated in a direction as shown by arrows  30  to provide a cam action that draws members  24  together so that the teeth  20  engage with recesses  28 . This securely engages the clamp assembly with the rod  14 . 
         [0062]    Turning to  FIG. 5 , it can be seen that the upper plate  16  includes a biasing means comprising at least one (but preferably two) spring members  32 . The ends  34  of each spring member sit on ledges  36 . This arrangement allows central portions of the spring members  32  to deflect downwardly under pressure applied by the clamp members  24 . Since the spring members  32  are constructed from an appropriately resilient material, such as spring steel, an even and desired pressure may be applied to the upper plate to therefore compress the cuts that are held captive in the container between the upper and lower plates. 
         [0063]    From the foregoing it will be seen that the invention allows the core of a container, including a foodstuff, to be cooled rapidly. In the meat industry, this substantially increases the maximum permissible initial temperature of primal cuts when they are placed into the container for subsequent treatment or transport. 
         [0064]    A chiller installation in which containers such as those shown in  FIG. 1  which contain post-slaughter meat may be stored as shown in  FIGS. 6 and 7 . Those skilled in the art will realise that the container shown in  FIG. 1  may contain post-slaughter meat which may be cooled in accordance with required standards with or without the apparatus shown and described with reference to  FIGS. 2 to 5  of the drawings. 
         [0065]    Referring to  FIG. 6 , a schematic plan view of a chiller is shown. The chiller has structures  40  and  42  which enable containers  1  to be stacked within the chiller. In the example shown, containers  1  are stacked two deep, but other configurations may be used. The structures have arms (although other configurations could be used such as simple shelves, for example)  44  which support the container by cradling the base of the container. Most preferably the arms  44  comprise a section, such as a “U” shaped section within which wheels provided on the container base are received. The arms may alternatively be provided in a direction perpendicular to that shown in  FIG. 6 . The rib  5  may also be used to facilitate lifting and carrying the container for transportation purposes. 
         [0066]    A container transport system is provided. This comprises a mobile crane unit which is preferably automated, being designed to traverse the length of structures  40  and  42  in a space  46  in the space provided therebetween. The transport unit includes a lifting mechanism  48  which is moveable along a rail  49 . The lifting mechanism  48  in this example may engage with one or two containers (for example to engage with rib  5 ) so as to lift those containers to or from the locating arms  44  on the structures  40  and  42 . In this way, the containers may be moved into and out of the chiller via entries or exits  50  and  52 . Those skilled in the art will appreciate that in practice a number of the chiller structures as shown in  FIGS. 6 and 7  may be replicated and provided in the one insulated facility to thereby provide a chiller having an overall desired storage capacity. 
         [0067]    In a preferred embodiment the rib  5  provides a standardized external feature that may be used by the transport means to automatedly transport the container by providing an engagement point for lifting and carrying the container. For example the chiller also has a number of ducts  54  which have outlets  56 . The ducts convey chilled air for distribution through the outlets  56  at a desired temperature adjacent to the containers  1 . As can be seen from the drawings, the ribs  5  and/or the taper  7  of the containers provide a space between which air can circulate about the sides of the container. This provides more efficient use of the airflow about the sides of the container to thereby improve cooling efficiency. It can also be seen that the ducts are conveniently located so that the outlets duct air between the containers so that the air moves across the walls of the containers in a direction substantially parallel to at least some of the walls to efficiently remove heat. 
         [0068]    In one embodiment the ribs  5 , apart from providing a spacing means between adjacent containers, may also provide structural strength, be used to nest or stack empty containers (by preventing one container being stuck within another), and can provide a lifting collar. 
         [0069]    In a preferred embodiment, the temperature of the air is in the range of substantially −2 degrees Celcius to 3 degrees Celcius, and the airflow velocity passed the container walls is approximately 1 metre per second to 2 metres per second. Most preferably, airflow temperature is substantially −1.5 degress Celcius and the airflow velocity is 1.5 metres per second. 
         [0070]    The invention allows standards to be net such as chilling non-frozen post slaughter meat to less than 7° C. within 24 hours, or 4 degrees Celsius within 60 hours if processing will be delayed for more than 96 hours. in a preferred embodiment the invention allows meat primals to be brought down to below 2 degrees Celsius (preferably to just above −2° C.). The total quantity of meat within a container is preferably up to 150 kg of bone out product or 100 kg of bone-in product. 
         [0071]    Where in the foregoing description reference has been made to specific components or integers of the invention having no equivalents, then such equivalents are herein incorporated as if individually set forth. 
         [0072]    Although this invention has been described by way of example and with reference to possible embodiments thereof, it is to be understood that modifications or improvements may be made thereto without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.