Abstract:
A model airplane engine uses a heated backplate to replace the conventional, non-heated backplate of the engine. The backplate incorporates a heater, which is electrically, temporarily energized during the start cycle of the engine. The higher temperature of the engine results in vaporization of the fuel prior to its entry into the combustion cylinder thus preventing crankcase and cylinder flooding and allowing easy starts during operation in cold weather, and also makes possible the use of inexpensive low-volatility heavier fuels, rather than special, expensive fuels.

Description:
This application claims the priority benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 60/131,479, filed Jun. 17, 1999. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION 
     The present invention relates to engines useful in model airplanes and like and particularly to two-stroke engines for model airplane and similar applications. 
     The invention is especially suitable for use in a model airplane engine or like engine to facilitate starting the engine, especially in a cold temperature environment (e.g. under 10° C.) and to enable the use of fuel that is heavier and less combustible than fuels conventionally specified for use in such an engine. 
     Briefly, the invention may be carried out by providing an engine with a heated backplate assembly. An engine embodying the invention may be provided by either replacing the standard backplate in said engines with an electrically,heated backplate assembly, or retrofitting an existing backplate with the heater. 
     Model airplane engines are notoriously hard to start in cold weather. Furthermore, such engines require for their operation special fuels, such as nitromethane-methanol mixtures, which are expensive and hazardous to use because of their high volatility. 
     In accordance with the invention, it was discovered when a standard engine backplate is replaced with a backplate that is heated, as by incorporating therein a resistive, electrically heated element, an improved engine is provided which is easier to start and does not require special fuel as is the case for the standard engine. During start, the heating element is temporarily energized from a battery, heating the engine to a temperature sufficient to vaporize the fuel prior to its entry into the combustion cylinder. Because no liquid fuel enters the cylinder, crankcase and cylinder flooding are prevented. Under these conditions the engine easily starts in cold, ambient temperatures. The improved engine can use heavier, less volatile fuels, e.g. Jet “A” fuel. After the engine starts the heating element is disconnected from said battery. 
     Related technology to this invention, includes C. W. Mc Cutchen in U.S. Pat. No. 4,002,882 which describes a heating circuit for model airplane engines designed, unlike the present invention, to heat the ignition glow plug of the engine. Additionally, operation and construction of model airplane engines is described in a book entitled “2-Stroke Glow Engines for R/C Aircraft”, V.1, Model Airplane News, 1994, Air Age Inc., p.p. 11,12, and 31-34. 
     A further feature of this invention is to provide a method for fabricating improved engines by providing a selection of backplate assemblies in configurations and sizes that facilitate the installation a said backplate assemblies in a majority of models and makes of model airplane engines. 
    
    
     The invention will become more apparent from a reading of the following description in connection with the accompanying drawing which, briefly described, are as follows: 
     FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic elevational view of model aircraft engine according to the present invention, which incorporates an electrical heater in its backplate. 
     FIG. 2 is a section of an embodiment of a heated backplate assembly useful in providing improved engines according to the invention. 
    
    
     Referring to FIG. 1 there is shown a standard model airplane engine  20 , and as a typical two stroke engine a Venturi tube  1  permits the entry of air and creates a reduced air pressure to draw fuel into a cylinder  3 . A glow ignition plug  2  is captured at the top of the cylinder  3 . A housing, or casing  22  of the engine  20  includes a block  24  having a backplate wherein a resistance wire coil  5  is embedded. The resistance wire coil (a heater or heating element) is temporarily, electrically heated by connecting a storage battery to the coil terminal  4 . While the backplate is shown as part of the block with a cavity therein for receiving the heater, a separate backplate assembly, such as shown in FIG. 2 is preferred. 
     FIG. 2 is a sectional, elevational view of such a model airplane engine backplate assembly  13  that is connected to the engine block. The backplate  13  incorporates an electrical heater. The backplate assembly, which may include a retainer plate  15 . The plate may be a wall of the engine housing. Alternatively, the retainer may be juxtaposed against, and in thermal contact with the engine block at the back of the engine housing  22  (the end opposite to where the propeller  26  is attached—see FIG.  1 ). A flanged cover or housing  28  is bolted to the retainer plate  15 , such that the engine backplate is terminated by the retainer plate  15 . A cylindrical heater body  10 , made of suitable heat-resistant and thermally conductive material such as aluminum, protrudes into an opening  30  in the retainer plate  15 . The heater body  10  has a step which forms a recess  19 , into which is inserted a plurality of Bellville springs  14 . These exert a force on the heater body  10 , pressing it against the contact surface  18  of the housing  28 . To provide good thermal contact to the housing  28  of the backplate assembly  13  and therefore to the body of the engine, a layer  17  of thermally conductive grease is interposed between the surface of said heater body  10  and the contact surface  18 . 
     The heating coil  5 , made of electrically resistive wire and insulated with heat-tolerant ceramic insulation, is wound in an annular recess  32  of the heater body  10 . Terminals  4  of the heating coil  5  protrude to the exterior of said engine through said heater body  10  and are accessible such that a storage battery can be temporarily connected to said terminals  4  using suitable clips or connectors. The heater coil is designed to temporarily raise the temperature of the engine to a temperature sufficient to vaporize the fuel entering the cylinder  3 . 
     Alternatively, if the housing  28  and retainer plate  15  are parts of standard model airplane engine backplates, the heater body  10  can be selected from a group (a selection) of such bodies. In other words, the heater body is designed with such dimensions that it can be used with several commonly used model airplane engine backplates, or a commercially available heater may be used. 
     Bolts  16  fasten the retainer plate  15  to the engine backplate. The retainer plate is fabricated with mounting holes to accommodate various engine models and makes. 
     It is to be understood that the preceding descriptions are illustrative only and that changes can be made in the heated backplate or backplate assembly, its components, materials and elements, as well as in all other aspects of this invention discussed herein without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the claims. For example, the heater may be custom made to fit a specific model of said engine.