Abstract:
A golf club head, including a striking face having a plurality of grooves formed therein, a center region, a toe region, and a heel region, a plurality of miniature grooves formed therein, the plurality of miniature grooves limited to the central region of the striking face, each of the plurality of miniature grooves extending across the striking face parallel to the grooves, each of the plurality of miniature grooves having a miniature groove width of less than 0.500 mm, wherein the miniature groove width is the distance between an uppermost intersection of each miniature groove and the front surface and a lowermost intersection of each miniature groove and the front surface; a plurality of arcuate grooves limited to the toe region; wherein the grooves, the miniature grooves, and the arcuate grooves do not intersect one another.

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
       [0001]    The present technology generally relates to systems, devices, and methods related to golf clubs, and more specifically to golf clubs having an improved striking surface. 
       DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED TECHNOLOGY 
       [0002]    Golf clubs, combined with golf balls, have generally been considered to be the most essential equipment in the game of golf. Progressing in parallel with the development of the game of golf, significant developments have occurred within the golf equipment industry. Golf clubs have also developed simultaneously with all other types of golf equipment to accommodate for the needs of the golfer to hit their shots more accurately and with more control. 
         [0003]    Iron type golf clubs include both conventional iron clubs as well as wedges. Each golf club includes a shaft with a club head attached to the distal end of the shaft and a grip attached to the proximal end of the shaft. The club head includes a face for striking a golf ball. In general, the greater the loft of the golf club in a set, the greater the launch angle and the less distance the golf ball is hit. A set of conventional irons generally includes individual irons that are designated as number 3 through number 9, and a pitching wedge. The conventional iron set is generally complimented by a series of wedges, such as a lob wedge, a gap wedge, and/or a sand wedge. Sets can also include a 1 and 2 iron, but these golf clubs are generally sold separately from the set. Each iron type golf club has a shaft length that usually decreases through the set as the set as the loft for each golf club head increases, from the long irons to the short irons. Additionally, iron type golf clubs generally include grooves running across the striking face from the heel towards the toe to increase the friction between the striking face and golf ball, inducing spin on the golf ball as the striking face impacts the golf ball. Wedges, are a particular type of iron type golf club that generally has a higher loft angle. These higher lofted wedges tend to be precision instruments that allow a golfer to dial in short range golf shots with improved trajectory, improved accuracy, and improved control. 
         [0004]    Conventional iron type golf club heads are created in a variety of ways, some of which include castings, forgings, as well as combinations of the two. Generally, conventional production iron type golf club heads are cast or forged to a near net final shape, such that only minor machining and/or grinding operations are necessary to achieve the finished product. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0005]    The systems, methods, and devices described herein have innovative aspects, no single one of which is indispensable or solely responsible for their desirable attributes. Without limiting the scope of the claims, some of the advantageous features will now be summarized. 
         [0006]    The present technology generally relates to systems, devices, and methods related to golf clubs, and more specifically to golf clubs having an improved striking surface. 
         [0007]    The present technology is directed to an improved striking surface for golf clubs, and more specifically iron type golf clubs. The improved striking surface improves the performance of the golf club by increasing the amount of backspin created by the golf club when striking the golf ball, improving ball flight as well as stopping power on the green. 
         [0008]    One non-limiting embodiment of the present technology includes a golf club head, comprising: a body, said body comprising: a striking face on a forward portion of said body, said striking face configured to strike a golf ball; a sole on a bottom portion of said body; a top line on a top portion of said body; a hosel configured to receive a shaft, said hosel located on a heel side of said body, said heel side opposite a toe side of said body; wherein said striking face comprises a plurality of grooves formed therein, each of said plurality of grooves extending horizontally across said striking face; each of said plurality of grooves having a groove width greater than or equal to 0.500 mm; wherein said striking face comprises a front surface, and wherein said groove width of each groove is the distance between an uppermost intersection of each groove and said front surface and a lowermost intersection of each groove and said front surface; wherein said striking face comprises a center region, a toe region, and a heel region, said center region extending from a toe most portion of said grooves to a heel most portion of said grooves, said heel region located on a heel side of said center region and said toe region located on a toe side of said center region; a plurality of miniature grooves formed in said striking face, said plurality of miniature grooves limited to said central region of said striking face, each of said plurality of miniature grooves extending across said striking face parallel to said grooves, each of said plurality of miniature grooves having a miniature groove width of less than 0.500 mm, wherein said miniature groove width is the distance between an uppermost intersection of each miniature groove and said front surface and a lowermost intersection of each miniature groove and said front surface; and a plurality of arcuate grooves limited to said toe region; wherein said grooves, said miniature grooves, and said arcuate grooves do not intersect one another. 
         [0009]    In an additional non-limiting embodiment of the present technology said striking face comprises a plurality of groove absent regions, said groove absent regions located between each pair of said plurality of grooves, wherein each groove absent region comprises at least three miniature grooves. 
         [0010]    In an additional non-limiting embodiment of the present technology each groove absent region comprises at least four miniature grooves and less than eight miniature grooves. 
         [0011]    In an additional non-limiting embodiment of the present technology each groove absent region comprises five miniature grooves. 
         [0012]    In an additional non-limiting embodiment of the present technology offset width below is the distance between said lowermost intersection of each of said plurality of grooves and said front surface and the closest intersection of said plurality of miniature grooves and said front surface, wherein offset width above is the distance between said uppermost intersection of each of said grooves and said front surface and the closest intersection of said plurality of miniature grooves and said front surface, wherein said offset width below and said offset width above of each of said plurality of grooves are each greater than or equal to 0.352 mm. 
         [0013]    In an additional non-limiting embodiment of the present technology offset width below is the distance between said lowermost intersection of each of said plurality of grooves and said front surface and the closest intersection of said plurality of miniature grooves and said front surface, wherein offset width above is the distance between said uppermost intersection of each of said grooves and said front surface and the closest intersection of said plurality of miniature grooves and said front surface, wherein miniature groove pitch is the distance between corresponding points on each of said plurality of miniature grooves within each of said groove absent regions, and wherein said offset width above, said offset width below, said miniature groove pitch, said groove width, and said miniature groove width, each measured in millimeters, satisfy the following relationship: 
         [0000]    
       
         
           
             
               
                 ( 
                 
                   OWA 
                    
                   
                       
                   
                   + 
                   OWB 
                 
                 ) 
               
               2 
             
             &gt; 
             
               
                 ( 
                 
                   
                     
                       MGP 
                       + 
                       GW 
                     
                   
                   - 
                   
                     
                       MGP 
                       + 
                       GW 
                       - 
                       MGW 
                     
                   
                 
                 ) 
               
               3 
             
           
         
       
     
         [0014]    An additional non-limiting embodiment of the present technology includes a golf club head, comprising: a body, said body comprising: a striking face on a forward portion of said body, said striking face configured to strike a golf ball; a sole on a bottom portion of said body; a top line on a top portion of said body; a hosel configured to receive a shaft, said hosel located on a heel side of said body, said heel side opposite a toe side of said body; wherein said striking face comprises a plurality of grooves formed therein, each of said plurality of grooves extending horizontally across said striking face; each of said plurality of grooves having a groove width greater than or equal to 0.500 mm; wherein said striking face comprises a front surface, and wherein said groove width of each groove is the distance between an uppermost intersection of each groove and said front surface and a lowermost intersection of each groove and said front surface; wherein said striking face comprises a center region, a toe region, and a heel region, said center region extending from a toe most portion of said grooves to a heel most portion of said grooves, said heel region located on a heel side of said center region and said toe region located on a toe side of said center region; and a plurality of miniature grooves formed in said striking face, each of said plurality of miniature grooves extending across said striking face parallel to said grooves, each of said plurality of miniature grooves having a miniature groove width of less than 0.500 mm, wherein said miniature groove width is the distance between an uppermost intersection of each miniature groove and said front surface and a lowermost intersection of each miniature groove and said front surface; wherein said striking face comprises a plurality of groove absent regions, said groove absent regions located between each pair of said plurality of grooves, wherein each groove absent region comprises at least three miniature grooves; wherein offset width below is the distance between said lowermost intersection of each of said plurality of grooves and said front surface and the closest intersection of said plurality of miniature grooves and said front surface, wherein offset width above is the distance between said uppermost intersection of each of said grooves and said front surface and the closest intersection of said plurality of miniature grooves and said front surface, wherein miniature groove pitch is the distance between corresponding points on each of said plurality of miniature grooves within each of said groove absent regions, and wherein said offset width above, said offset width below, said miniature groove pitch, said groove width, and said miniature groove width, each measured in millimeters, satisfy the following relationship: 
         [0000]    
       
         
           
             
               
                 ( 
                 
                   OWA 
                    
                   
                       
                   
                   + 
                   OWB 
                 
                 ) 
               
               2 
             
             &gt; 
             
               
                 ( 
                 
                   
                     
                       MGP 
                       + 
                       GW 
                     
                   
                   - 
                   
                     
                       MGP 
                       + 
                       GW 
                       - 
                       MGW 
                     
                   
                 
                 ) 
               
               3 
             
           
         
       
     
         [0015]    In an additional non-limiting embodiment of the present technology each groove absent region comprises at least four miniature grooves and less than eight miniature grooves. 
         [0016]    In an additional non-limiting embodiment of the present technology said offset width below and said offset width above of each of said plurality of grooves are each greater than or equal to 0.352 mm. 
         [0017]    In an additional non-limiting embodiment of the present technology said offset width below and said offset width above of each of said plurality of grooves are each greater than or equal to 0.402 mm. 
         [0018]    In an additional non-limiting embodiment of the present technology said grooves and said miniature grooves do not intersect one another. 
         [0019]    In an additional non-limiting embodiment of the present technology said plurality of miniature grooves are limited to said central region of said striking face. 
         [0020]    An additional non-limiting embodiment of the present technology includes a plurality of arcuate grooves limited to said toe region; wherein said grooves, said miniature grooves, and said arcuate grooves do not intersect one another 
         [0021]    An additional non-limiting embodiment of the present technology includes a golf club head, comprising: a body, said body comprising: a striking face on a forward portion of said body, said striking face configured to strike a golf ball; a sole on a bottom portion of said body; a top line on a top portion of said body; a hosel configured to receive a shaft, said hosel located on a heel side of said body, said heel side opposite a toe side of said body; wherein said striking face comprises a plurality of grooves formed therein, each of said plurality of grooves extending horizontally across said striking face; each of said plurality of grooves having a groove width greater than or equal to 0.500 mm; wherein said striking face comprises a front surface, and wherein said groove width of each groove is the distance between an uppermost intersection of each groove and said front surface and a lowermost intersection of each groove and said front surface; wherein said striking face comprises a center region, a toe region, and a heel region, said center region extending from a toe most portion of said grooves to a heel most portion of said grooves, said heel region located on a heel side of said center region and said toe region located on a toe side of said center region; and a plurality of miniature grooves formed in said striking face, each of said plurality of miniature grooves extending across said striking face parallel to said grooves, each of said plurality of miniature grooves having a miniature groove width of less than 0.500 mm, wherein said miniature groove width is the distance between an uppermost intersection of each miniature groove and said front surface and a lowermost intersection of each miniature groove and said front surface; wherein offset width below is the distance between said lowermost intersection of each of said plurality of grooves and said front surface and the closest intersection of said plurality of miniature grooves and said front surface, wherein offset width above is the distance between said uppermost intersection of each of said grooves and said front surface and the closest intersection of said plurality of miniature grooves and said front surface, wherein said offset width below and said offset width above of each of said plurality of grooves are each greater than or equal to 0.352 mm; wherein said striking face comprises a plurality of groove absent regions, said groove absent regions located between each pair of said plurality of grooves, wherein each groove absent region comprises at least three miniature grooves. 
         [0022]    In an additional non-limiting embodiment of the present technology said offset width below and said offset width above of each of said plurality of grooves are each greater than or equal to 0.402 mm. 
         [0023]    In an additional non-limiting embodiment of the present technology said grooves and said miniature grooves do not intersect one another. 
         [0024]    In an additional non-limiting embodiment of the present technology each groove absent region comprises at least four miniature grooves and less than eight miniature grooves. 
         [0025]    In an additional non-limiting embodiment of the present technology each groove absent region comprises five miniature grooves. 
         [0026]    In an additional non-limiting embodiment of the present technology said plurality of miniature grooves limited to said central region of said striking face. 
         [0027]    An additional non-limiting embodiment of the present technology a plurality of arcuate grooves limited to said toe region; wherein said grooves, said miniature grooves, and said arcuate grooves do not intersect one another. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0028]    The accompanying drawings form a part of the specification and are to be read in conjunction therewith. The illustrated embodiments, however, are merely examples and are not intended to be limiting. Like reference numbers and designations in the various drawings indicate like elements. 
           [0029]      FIG. 1  illustrates an iron type golf club head including a plurality of grooves. 
           [0030]      FIG. 2  illustrates a cross section of the club head of  FIG. 1  along a groove. 
           [0031]      FIG. 3  illustrates the cross section of  FIG. 2  including a groove cutter. 
           [0032]      FIG. 4  illustrates an iron type golf club head including a plurality of miniature grooves. 
           [0033]      FIG. 5  illustrates a cross section of the golf club head of  FIG. 4 . 
           [0034]      FIG. 6  is a detail view of  FIG. 5 . 
           [0035]      FIG. 7  is a detail view of  FIG. 5 . 
           [0036]      FIG. 8  is a detail view of  FIG. 5  including a miniature groove cutter. 
           [0037]      FIG. 9  illustrates an iron type golf club head divided into three regions. 
           [0038]      FIG. 10  illustrates an iron type golf club head including a plurality of miniature grooves. 
           [0039]      FIG. 11  illustrates an iron type golf club head including a plurality of miniature grooves and a plurality of arcuate grooves. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0040]    In the following detailed description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which form a part of the present disclosure. The illustrative embodiments described in the detailed description, drawings, and claims are not meant to be limiting. Other embodiments may be utilized, and other changes may be made, without departing from the spirit or scope of the subject matter presented herein. It will be readily understood that the aspects of the present disclosure, as generally described herein, and illustrated in the Figures, can be arranged, substituted, combined, and designed in a wide variety of different configurations, all of which are explicitly contemplated and form part of this disclosure. For example, a system or device may be implemented or a method may be practiced using any number of the aspects set forth herein. In addition, such a system or device may be implemented or such a method may be practiced using other structure, functionality, or structure and functionality in addition to or other than one or more of the aspects set forth herein. Alterations and further modifications of inventive features illustrated herein, and additional applications of the principles of the inventions as illustrated herein, which would occur to one skilled in the relevant art and having possession of this disclosure, are to be considered within the scope of the invention. 
         [0041]    Other than in the operating examples, or unless otherwise expressly specified, all of the numerical ranges, amounts, values and percentages such as those for amounts of materials, moments of inertias, center of gravity locations, loft and draft angles, and others in the following portion of the specification may be read as if prefaced by the word “about” even though the term “about” may not expressly appear with the value, amount, or range. Accordingly, unless indicated to the contrary, the numerical parameters set forth in the following specification and attached claims are approximations that may vary depending upon the desired properties sought to be obtained by the present invention. At the very least, and not as an attempt to limit the application of the doctrine of equivalents to the scope of the claims, each numerical parameter should at least be construed in light of the number of reported significant digits and by applying ordinary rounding techniques. 
         [0042]    Notwithstanding that the numerical ranges and parameters setting forth the broad scope of the invention are approximations, the numerical values set forth in the specific examples are reported as precisely as possible. Any numerical value, however, inherently contains certain errors necessarily resulting from the standard deviation found in their respective testing measurements. Furthermore, when numerical ranges of varying scope are set forth herein, it is contemplated that any combination of these values inclusive of the recited values may be used. 
         [0043]    In describing the present technology, the following terminology may have been used: The singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to an item includes reference to one or more items. The term “plurality” refers to two or more of an item. The term “substantially” means that the recited characteristic, parameter, or value need not be achieved exactly, but that deviations or variations, including for example, tolerances, measurement error, measurement accuracy limitations and other factors known to those of skill in the art, may occur in amounts that do not preclude the effect the characteristic was intended to provide. A plurality of items may be presented in a common list for convenience. However, these lists should be construed as though each member of the list is individually identified as a separate and unique member. Thus, no individual member of such list should be construed as a de facto equivalent of any other member of the same lists solely based on their presentation in a common group without indications to the contrary. Furthermore, where the terms “and” and “or” are used in conjunction with a list of items, they are to be interpreted broadly, in that any one or more of the listed items may be used alone or in combination with other listed items. The term “alternatively” refers to a selection of one of two or more alternatives, and is not intended to limit the selection of only those listed alternative or to only one of the listed alternatives at a time, unless the context clearly indicated otherwise. 
         [0044]    Features of the present disclosure will become more fully apparent from the following description and appended claims, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. After considering this discussion, and particularly after reading the section entitled “Detailed Description” one will understand how the illustrated features serve to explain certain principles of the present disclosure. 
         [0045]    The present invention is directed to a golf club head with an improved striking surface.  FIG. 1  illustrates an iron type golf club head  1 . The golf club head  1  includes a body  10  including a striking face  11 , a sole  13 , a top line  14 , a heel  14 , a toe  16 , and a hosel  17 . The front surface  18  of the striking face  11 , which includes grooves  12  formed therein, and the sole  13  may be unitary with the body  10 , or they may be separate bodies, such as inserts, coupled thereto. While the club head  1  is illustrated as an iron type golf club head, the present invention may also pertain to a utility type golf club head or a wood type golf club head. 
         [0046]      FIGS. 2 and 3  illustrate a cross section of the club head  1  along a groove  12 . Grooves  12  are machined into the front surface  18  of the striking face  11 . Grooves  12  extend from a toe end of the club head  1  to a heel end of the club head  1 . Grooves  12  are radiused at the toe and heel portions of the club head  1 . The club head  1  is retained in a mold, which preferably is formed of a material soft enough to not damage the club head  1  yet resilient enough to firmly retain the golf club head  1 , and a groove cutter  20 , preferably a round cutter or a saw cutter, is used to form the grooves  12 . As shown, the toe and heel portions are radiused about an axis of rotation that is perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the groove  12 . Furthermore, that axis of rotation is approximately parallel to face  11  of club head  1 . Having radiused grooves  12  facilitates removal of dirt, grass, sand, and other materials that typically become embedded within the grooves of a golf club during normal use by eliminating corners that can trap these materials.  FIG. 3  shows a preferred groove cutting setup illustrating groove cutter  20  with groove  12 . Details about grooves and groove manufacture can be found in more detail in U.S. Pat. No. 7,758,449 to Gilbert, et al., hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. Any definitions, terminology, or characterizations of the invention included herein shall take precedence over any conflicting information provided in any material incorporated by reference. 
         [0047]      FIG. 4  illustrates an iron type golf club head  1  including a roughened striking surface texture. The face  11  of the club head  1  of the present invention is also enhanced to provide additional ball control and enhanced performance. The strike surface  11  is provided with a roughened texture. A common measure of roughness in surface finish is average roughness, Ra. Ra, also known as Arithmetic Average (AA) and Center Line Average (CLA), is a measure of the distance from the peaks and valleys to the center line or mean. It is calculated as the integral of the absolute value of the roughness profile height over the evaluation length: 
         [0000]    
       
         
           
             Ra 
             = 
             
               
                 1 
                 L 
               
                
               
                 
                   ∫ 
                   0 
                   L 
                 
                  
                 
                   
                      
                     
                       r 
                        
                       
                         ( 
                         x 
                         ) 
                       
                     
                      
                   
                    
                   
                       
                   
                    
                   
                      
                     x 
                   
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
         [0048]    Providing a textured strike face allows the golfer to apply more friction to the ball during use, allowing the golfer to put more spin on the ball and have greater control of the ball. Conventionally, golfers have to take a full swing to induce enough golf ball spin to control the ball movement on a golf green. With the golf club head of the present invention, a golfer can induce golf ball spin in “partial” shots, or shots when the golfer is not taking a full swing. The textured strike surface of the present invention also distributes the shear force resulting from the golf swing over a greater area of the golf ball. This reduces cover damage and extends golf ball life. 
         [0049]    As illustrated in  FIG. 4 , the surface texture can include a plurality of miniature grooves  30 . The miniature grooves  30  are smaller than the grooves  12  described above. In some embodiments, as illustrated in  FIG. 4 , the miniature grooves  30  are oriented parallel to the grooves  12 . The miniature grooves  30  can extend from the heel side of the golf club head to the toe side of the golf club head. The miniature grooves  30  can be substantially straight as illustrated in  FIG. 4 . A plurality of miniature grooves  30  can be formed between each pair of grooves  12 . 
         [0050]      FIG. 5  illustrates a cross section of the golf club head  1  of  FIG. 4 .  FIGS. 6 and 7  zoom in on portions of that cross section. Preferably, the front surface  18  of the striking face  11  is machined flat prior to forming the grooves  12  and miniature grooves  30 . Next, the grooves  12  are formed into the striking face  11  as described above. Finally, the miniature grooves  30  are formed into the striking face  11 . The grooves  12  and miniature grooves  30  are created by removing material from the striking face  11 , and creating voids in the front surface  18  of the striking face  11 . Alternatively, the miniature grooves  30  can be formed prior to the grooves  12 . In yet another embodiment, the grooves  12  and miniature grooves  30  can be formed simultaneously. 
         [0051]    It is preferable that none of the miniature grooves  30  intersect the grooves  12 . In order to create as much backspin as possible when the golf club head  1  strikes the golf ball, the grooves  12  must be created as aggressively as allowed by the rules of golf. An inventive way of ensuring that is possible, is by spacing the miniature grooves  30  from the grooves  12 . This ensures the area where the grooves  12  are formed, is not encumbered in any way by any additional surface texturing, and that the groove  12  can be formed as designed, without any risk of any other geometries affecting an accurate measurement of the groove  12  characteristics. An additional benefit of spacing the miniature grooves  30  from the groove  12 , is that the groove  12  appears larger to a consumer. The miniature grooves  30  can contrast against the groove  12  and the spacing between the groove  12  and the miniature grooves  30 , giving the consumer the impression the groove  12  is larger and more effective at gripping the golf ball during impact. The area between each pair of grooves  12  on the front surface  18  of the striking face can each be referred to as groove absent portions  40 . In order to maximize backspin of the golf ball at impact, miniature grooves  30  are added to the groove absent portions  40 , increasing the amount of friction between the front surface  18  of the striking face  11  and the golf ball during impact. In some embodiments, and as illustrated in  FIGS. 5-7 , the cross section of the miniature grooves  30  are of substantially constant radius. In some embodiments, each miniature groove  30  may butt up against one another. More preferably, and as illustrated in  FIG. 7 , portions of the front surface  18  of the striking face  11  will remain between each successive miniature groove  30 . In other words, the miniature groove pitch MGP is greater than the miniature groove width MGW. 
         [0052]    For purposes of this application, groove width GW is defined by the distance between the points at which each side of the groove  12  intersects the front surface  18  the striking face  11 . The miniature groove width MGW is defined by the distance between the points at which each side of the miniature groove  30  intersects the front surface  18  of the striking face  11 . The offset width below OWB is the distance between the lower intersection of the groove  12  and the front surface of the striking face and the closest intersection of a miniature groove  30  and the front surface of the striking face. The offset width above OWA is the distance between the upper intersection of the groove  12  and the front surface  18  of the striking face  11  and the closest intersection of a miniature groove  30  and the front surface  18  of the striking face  11 . The miniature groove pitch MGP is the distance between corresponding points on each miniature groove  30 . The miniature groove radius MGR is the radius of each miniature groove  30 . 
         [0053]    In some embodiments, the grooves  12  and miniature grooves  30  can have any combination of the following measurements. The groove width GW can be greater than or equal to 0.808 millimeters (mm) and less than or equal to 0.908 mm. The offset width above OWA can be greater than or equal to 0.402 mm and less than or equal to 0.502 mm. The offset width below OWB can be greater than or equal to 0.402 mm and less than or equal to 0.502 mm. The miniature groove width MGW can be greater than or equal to 0.180 mm and less than or equal to 0.280 mm. The miniature groove pitch MGP can be greater than or equal to 0.200 mm and less than or equal to 0.300 mm. The miniature groove can have a substantially constant radius. The miniature groove radius can be greater than or equal to 0.457 mm and less than or equal to 0.657 mm. The groove width GW can be greater than or equal to 0.758 mm and less than or equal to 0.958 mm. The offset width above OWA can be greater than or equal to 0.352 mm and less than or equal to 0.552 mm. The offset width below OWB can be greater than or equal to 0.352 mm and less than or equal to 0.552 mm. The miniature groove width MGW can be greater than or equal to 0.130 mm and less than or equal to 0.330 mm. The miniature groove pitch MGP can be greater than or equal to 0.150 mm and less than or equal to 0.350 mm. The miniature groove radius can be greater than or equal to 0.357 mm and less than or equal to 0.757 mm. The groove width GW can be greater than or equal to 0.708 mm and less than or equal to 1.008 mm. The offset width above OWA can be greater than or equal to 0.302 mm and less than or equal to 0.602 mm. The offset width below OWB can be greater than or equal to 0.302 mm and less than or equal to 0.602 mm. The miniature groove width MGW can be greater than or equal to 0.080 mm and less than or equal to 0.380 mm. The miniature groove pitch MGP can be greater than or equal to 0.100 mm and less than or equal to 0.400 mm. The miniature groove radius can be greater than or equal to 0.257 mm and less than or equal to 0.857 mm. In some embodiments, the offset width above OWA and the offset width below OWB can be substantially the same. Additionally, unless otherwise noted, each plurality of miniature grooves  30  in each groove absent region  40  shares the same characteristics as other pluralities of miniature grooves  30  in other groove absent regions  40  on the striking face  11 . 
         [0054]    Testing has confirmed that particular relationships between groove  12  and miniature groove  30  measurements result in optimal performance characteristics of the golf club head  1 . In particular, grooves  12  and miniature grooves  30  satisfying the following relationship, tend to have near optimal performance: 
         [0000]    
       
         
           
             
               
                 ( 
                 
                   OWA 
                    
                   
                       
                   
                   + 
                   OWB 
                 
                 ) 
               
               2 
             
             &gt; 
             
               
                 ( 
                 
                   
                     
                       MGP 
                       + 
                       GW 
                     
                   
                   - 
                   
                     
                       MGP 
                       + 
                       GW 
                       - 
                       MGW 
                     
                   
                 
                 ) 
               
               3 
             
           
         
       
     
       Wherein: 
       [0055]    OWA=offset width above 
         [0056]    OWB=offset width below 
         [0057]    MGP=miniature groove pitch 
         [0058]    GW=groove width 
         [0059]    MGW=miniature groove width 
         [0060]    All values measured in millimeters 
         [0061]      FIG. 5  illustrates one method of creating miniature grooves  30 . Similar to how the grooves are created, a miniature groove cutter  120  can be used to remove material from the front surface  18  of the striking face  11 . In some embodiments, and as illustrated in  FIG. 8 , the miniature groove cutter  120  can cut a plurality of miniature grooves  30  simultaneously. The miniature groove cutter  120  can include several cutting portions  121  configured to strategically remove material from the front surface  18  of the striking face  11  at the designated areas where the miniature grooves  30  are to go. The miniature groove cutter  120  can include recessed portions  122  in between each cutting portion  122  and extended recess portions  123  in between each set of cutting portions  121 . The extended recess portions  123  can extend over each of the grooves  12  and offset width above OWA and offset width below OWB areas. The recessed portions  122  and extended recess portions  123  are configured to not remove any material from the golf club head  1 . The miniature groove cutter  120  spins as it translates across the striking face  11 , about an axis perpendicular to the striking face  11  and perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of each miniature groove  30 , cutting the miniature grooves  30  out of the golf club head. In some embodiments, the miniature groove cutter  120  can cut all of the horizontal miniature grooves  30  at the same time. 
         [0062]      FIG. 9  illustrates the striking face of an iron type golf club head  1  divided into three regions. The golf club head can have a toe region  201 , a center region  202 , and a heel region  203 . The center region is defined by the extent of the grooves  12 . The toe region  201  is located on the toe side of the center region  202  and the heel region  203  is located on the heel side of the center region  202 . The heel side  15  located adjacent the hosel  17  and the toe side  16  located opposite the hosel  17 . In one embodiment, as illustrated in  FIG. 4 , the miniature grooves are formed in the center region  202 . In another embodiment, as illustrated in  FIG. 10 , the miniature grooves are formed in the center region  202  as well as the toe region  201 . In another embodiment, not illustrated, the miniature grooves  30  can also extend into the heel region  203 . In another embodiment, as illustrated in  FIG. 11 , the miniature grooves  30  are formed in the center region  202  and a second set of miniature grooves  32  are formed in the toe region  201 . The miniature grooves  30  in the center region are formed parallel to the grooves  12  as described above. The second set of miniature grooves  32  in the toe region  201  are different from the first set of miniature grooves  30  in the center region  202 . The second set of miniature grooves  32  can be curved. In some embodiments, the second set of miniature grooves  32  can be formed with a fly cutter or similar tool. 
         [0063]    In describing the present technology herein, certain features that are described in the context of separate implementations also can be implemented in combination in a single implementation. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single implementation also can be implemented in multiple implementations separately or in any suitable sub combination. Moreover, although features may be described above as acting in certain combinations and even initially claimed as such, one or more features from a claimed combination can in some cases be excised from the combination, and the claimed combination may be directed to a sub combination or variation of a sub combination. 
         [0064]    Various modifications to the implementations described in this disclosure may be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other implementations without departing from the spirit or scope of this disclosure. Thus, the claims are not intended to be limited to the implementations shown herein, but are to be accorded the widest scope consistent with this disclosure as well as the principle and novel features disclosed herein.