Abstract:
The present invention provides a method for dynamic function loading in spreadsheets on small devices. In one or more embodiments, the present invention allows users to dynamically change the composition of a spreadsheet application by including only the functions they need or desire. This streamlining operation optimizes the limited amount of memory that is so critical to the operating speed and performance of PDAs. According to one embodiment, the present invention dynamically customizes and updates functions of spreadsheet applications. In another embodiment, the present invention presents users with an interface. Using the interface, users can immediately view a list of all the available functions and features. Then users can select and update which functions and features they need for a particular assignment to install into their PDAs. Consequently, the invention optimizes critical PDA memory by providing users with the capability of customizing their spreadsheet applications.

Description:
BACKGROUND  
         [0001]    1. Field of the Invention  
           [0002]    This invention relates to the field of computer software, and in particular to a method for integrating dynamic function loading in spreadsheets on small devices.  
           [0003]    Portions of the disclosure of this patent document contain material that is subject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has no objection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent document or the patent disclosure as it appears in the Patent and Trademark Office file or records, but otherwise reserves all rights whatsoever.  
           [0004]    2. Background Art  
           [0005]    Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) are small hand-held computers that perform numerous tasks and functions. PDAs are versatile devices that users carry and operate almost anywhere. Despite all of their advantages, a major limitation of PDAs is that they possess a limited amount of computer memory. Therefore, when users want to use memory intensive applications, such as a spreadsheet program, they encounter problems.  
           [0006]    Due to PDA memory constraints, sometimes users remove other non-related programs on their PDAs to compensate for memory shortages created by operating PDA spreadsheet applications. Thus, when users remove other non-related programs, it limits the versatility of their PDAs to operate other software applications. These problems and others associated with current PDA systems, relating to storage, editing, display, and performance, are better understood by a more detailed review.  
           [0007]    PDA  
           [0008]    A personal digital assistant is a small computer-like device, which typically has a base housing, an input mechanism, and a miniature display screen. The typical configuration of the PDA mounts these components on the topside of the device. The base housing of the PDA contains a small microprocessor, limited data storage and memory areas, a storage battery, and other various miniature electronic components. The electronic components and other features vary depending on the particular model and manufacturer of the PDA.  
           [0009]    The input mechanisms of some PDAs utilize a miniature keyboard. Alternatively, the miniature display screen mounted on the PDA is able to operate as an input mechanism. When acting as an input mechanism, the display screen uses a pen-like stylus or other writing implement to introduce input via the display screen. The display assembly senses the position of the tip of the stylus on the viewing screen and provides this positional information to the central processing unit of the PDA. In addition to sensing motion commands, some display assemblies can also sense varying degrees of pressure that the stylus places on the screen of the PDA.  
           [0010]    On the other hand, the display screen is also able to operate as an output mechanism. The output of the PDA has many forms. For example, one form of visual output includes graphic and/or textual images that the PDA presents to the user on the display screen. Another form of output is in the form of sound that the PDA provides to the user through a speaker. Additionally, some PDAs can package information for output through cable or wireless networks.  
           [0011]    Conventional PDAs also contain an operating system and pre-loaded programs, such as spreadsheet, e-mail, calendar, memo list, stylus pen applications, and other related applications. The increasing popularity of PDAs stems from their relatively low cost and extreme portability compared to much larger desktop general purpose computers (“desktop computers”). Many users find that for simple computing tasks during trips and other periods of being away from their larger computers, the bulk and computing power of even a compact notebook computer are simply not needed.  
           [0012]    PDA Spreadsheet Problems: Storage  
           [0013]    To encapsulate all of this functionality into such a small device, trade-offs invariably occur. One trade-off is that PDAs do not have the capacity to house much memory. Computer memory is a critical component that directly impacts the processing speed and performance of the PDA. Furthermore, PDA memory is necessary to store data and instructions that a running computer program utilizes. Multi-functional and complex software applications, such as spreadsheet programs, require large amounts of memory to operate. As such, computer programs running on PDAs are limited in the functionality they can provide to a user by the amount of memory available.  
           [0014]    A spreadsheet application requires a lot of memory to store individual documents, and sometimes the application can get very large if it supports a lot of features like adding pictures, clip art galleries, help menus, font galleries, or files with different formats to a spreadsheet document. In addition, a spreadsheet program places a heavy demand on PDA memory when the spreadsheet document uses all of its intended features. Consequently, users encounter problems when they need to store spreadsheet documents, commonly referred to as files, that contain many of these attributes.  
           [0015]    A file is a collection of bytes stored as an individual entity. All data on disk is stored as a file with a corresponding assigned file name that is unique within the directory it resides. To a desktop computer, a file is nothing more than a string of bytes. However, the particular structure of a file is recognized by the software application that manipulates it. For example, spreadsheet and database files are commonly composed of a series of records, whereas, word processing files typically contain a continuous flow of text.  
           [0016]    Spreadsheet files usually possess some formulas that use functions. Functions are typically stored with other related functions (“function packages”) in libraries, or can be contained in the spreadsheet application itself. An example of a function package is the statistical function package, which may include such functions as mean, median, and mode. Other examples of function packages include trigonometric, matrix, statistical, financial, scientific, and mathematical function packages. The types and amount of functionality contained within a file depend on what users are attempting to accomplish with their assignment.  
           [0017]    Some basic spreadsheet files may only contain a single formula using few (or none) functions. On the other hand, some complex files may contain numerous formulas consisting of many functions, subsets of function packages, and/or entire function packages. Present PDA systems include a fixed set of function packages in the spreadsheet application. However, this process of including all function packages is very memory intensive. Furthermore, users may not need every available spreadsheet function for each of their files.  
           [0018]    Numerous blocks, commonly referred to as cells, are located within each individual spreadsheet file. The cells display and process data, and occupy numerous columns and rows depending on the users&#39; requirements. Additionally, the cells may vary in size based on user preferences. Cells are multi-tasked in that they can display and process data. In one embodiment of their versatility, cells simply display text, such as a sentence or title to a column header. In another more complex embodiment, a cell may contain functions or variables that process information within the cell depending on the input the cell receives from users.  
           [0019]    In one embodiment of the present invention, databases on a PDA utilize a record based storage medium. In other words, a PDA uses numerous records to store all of the information within an individual spreadsheet document. A record is essentially a group of related fields that store data about a subject or activity. Collections of records make up a representation of a file. In one embodiment, a record represents each spreadsheet cell and rewrites the data of each cell into a file.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0020]    The present invention provides a method for dynamic function loading in spreadsheets on small devices. In one or more embodiments, the present invention allows users to dynamically change the composition of a spreadsheet application by including only the functions they need or desire. This streamlining operation optimizes the limited amount of memory that is so critical to the operating speed and performance of PDAs.  
           [0021]    According to one embodiment, the present invention dynamically customizes and updates functions of spreadsheet applications. The dynamic function loading mechanism uses a series of algorithms to identify related groups of functions.  
           [0022]    In another embodiment, the present invention presents users with an interface. Using the interface, users can immediately view a list of all the available functions and features. Then users can select and update which functions and features they need for a particular assignment to install onto their PDAs. Consequently, the invention optimizes critical PDA memory by providing users with the capability of customizing their spreadsheet applications.  
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0023]    These and other features, aspects and advantages of the present invention will become better understood with regard to the following description, appended claims and accompanying drawings where:  
         [0024]    [0024]FIG. 1 is an illustration of one embodiment of a personal digital assistant.  
         [0025]    [0025]FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing how to integrate dynamic function loading in spreadsheets on small devices according to one embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0026]    [0026]FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing how to download spreadsheet functions on small devices according to one embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0027]    [0027]FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing how to determine which functions a user needs according to one embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0028]    [0028]FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing how to integrate dynamic function loading in spreadsheets on small devices driven from a desktop computer according to another embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0029]    [0029]FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing how to integrate dynamic function loading in spreadsheets on small devices driven from a desktop computer according to an embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0030]    [0030]FIG. 7 is an illustration of the embodiment of a personal digital assistant of FIG. 1 coupled with a desktop computer.  
         [0031]    [0031]FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing how to integrate dynamic function support into spreadsheets on small devices driven from a desktop computer to a PDA according to one embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0032]    [0032]FIG. 9 is an illustration of an embodiment of a computer execution environment.  
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION  
       [0033]    An interface for dynamic function loading in spreadsheets on small devices is described. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a more detailed description of the invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art, that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well known details have not been provided so as to not unnecessarily obscure the invention.  
         [0034]    One or more embodiments of the present invention provide dynamic function loading in spreadsheet programs on PDAs. PDAs are small devices that users can operate almost anywhere. Yet, due to their size, PDAs only contain a limited amount of memory. This limitation is demonstrated when users operate programs that use large amounts of memory, such as spreadsheet applications.  
         [0035]    An advantage is created by the present invention because it customizes spreadsheet programs for each user and file while minimizing the amount of memory required by a PDA. To reduce the amount of PDA memory constraints, users are able to select which features they need. This selection allows users to limit the amount of memory required by a spreadsheet application. Furthermore, since required spreadsheet functions (“desired functions”) sometimes change with different projects, the present invention provides users with a dynamic function loading system for spreadsheet applications. In addition, the present invention operates with a user-friendly interface that provides users with tools to upload necessary functions for specific projects.  
         [0036]    [0036]FIG. 1 is an illustration of one embodiment of a small device computer system. The small device computer system shown in FIG. 1 at  100  is an embodiment of a personal digital assistant (PDA). However, it will be apparent to one with ordinary skill in the art that the present invention can be used with any suitable spreadsheet software application on any suitable small device computer system. PDA  100  has a base housing  110  usually with input mechanisms mounted on its topside, and a miniature display screen  120  for output. The output may take the form of graphic and/or textual images presented to the user on the display screen. In addition, the output may be presented in the form of sound.  
         [0037]    PDA  100  can be activated and de-activated, for instance, by accessing power button  160 . The input mechanism may be, for example, a miniature keyboard (not shown). Alternatively, the display screen  120  may act as both an input and output mechanism with a pen-like stylus or other writing implement (not shown) used to introduce input by way of the screen  120 . With reference to FIG. 1, bottom portion  130  of display screen  120  is the location where the pen-like stylus would introduce user input. Shown in FIG. 1 are additional mechanisms for user input as well, including a scroll button  140  and an application button  150 . A small microprocessor, limited data storage and memory areas, and a storage battery are typically mounted within the base housing  110  of the PDA along with various other miniature electronic components and ports.  
         [0038]    Conduits  
         [0039]    [0039]FIG. 7 is an illustration of one embodiment of a personal digital assistant used in the present invention coupled with a desktop computer. FIG. 7 is designed to generally indicate how a user transfers data from a desktop computer  700  to a PDA  710 , or vice versa. Desktop computer  700  is coupled to PDA carriage  730  via a connecting line  720 . The connecting line  720  represents a physical connection.  
         [0040]    The physical connection provides a two-way data communication coupling via a desktop computer  700  to a PDA  710 . Although, physical connection  720  represents a cable connection, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art, that the present invention may be practiced with numerous types of connections. For example, if the physical connection is an integrated services digital network (ISDN) card or a modem, the physical connection provides a data communication connection to the corresponding type of telephone line. Additionally, wireless links are available to the present invention. In any such implementation, the physical connection sends and receives electrical, electromagnetic or optical signals, which carry digital data streams representing various types of information. In some implementations, computer software also termed conduits control the data streams through the physical connection. In other words, the conduit can be both a physical connection like a cable wire, or a software program that controls the data stream between the desktop and the PDA.  
         [0041]    In operation, a user would insert PDA  710  into carriage  730  in the direction generally indicated by the black arrow  740 . Thereafter, data is passed bi-directionally across physical connection  720  via a conduit to achieve the result of either transferring the user&#39;s data from PDA  710  to desktop computer  700 , or vice versa.  
         [0042]    One embodiment of the invention operates generally in accordance with FIG. 2, which is a flow chart for integrating dynamic function loading in spreadsheets on small devices when the spreadsheet data file is transferred from the desktop to the PDA. First, at step  200 , functions needed by a user are determined. If it is determined that the user does not have the desired functions on the handheld device, the user is given an option to download the desired functions to the PDA. For example, downloaded functions can be entire function packages, subsets of function packages, or individual functions used in the spreadsheet. Next, at step  210 , the user&#39;s desired functions are downloaded to the PDA. Next, at step  220  the spreadsheet file is downloaded from the desktop to the PDA. Finally, at step  230 , the user operates the spreadsheet application on the PDA with the downloaded functions.  
         [0043]    A function package refers to a plurality of functions that are similar. As previously discussed, a spreadsheet application may utilize a plurality of packages. Sometimes it is beneficial to not only restrict the PDA to a subset of the functions, but also a subset of the packages or only to some of the functions within a selected package. One embodiment of the invention (shown in FIG. 3) provides the ability to download certain subsets of functions and/or packages selectively.  
         [0044]    [0044]FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing how to download spreadsheet functions on small devices according to one embodiment of the present invention. At step  300 , functions needed by a user is determined. Next, at step  310 , the user&#39;s input is analyzed to determine whether the user wants the entire function package. If the user wants the entire function package, at step  320 , the entire function package is downloaded into the user&#39;s PDA. If the user does not want the entire function package, at step  330 , only the user&#39;s desired individual functions are downloaded into the user&#39;s PDA. After either case  320  or  330 , the spreadsheet file is downloaded from the desktop to the PDA at step  340 . Finally, at step  350 , the user operates the spreadsheet application on the PDA with the downloaded functions.  
         [0045]    To operate efficiently, the invention must determine what functions the user needs. For instance, a spreadsheet that is using a logarithmic function for a calculation must have the logarithmic function. FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing how to determine which functions a user needs according to one embodiment of the present invention. First, at step  400 , the user selects a spreadsheet file from a desktop computer to download to a PDA. Next, at step  410 , the selected file is examined for the types of functions and formulas it contains. Next, at step  420 , it is determined whether the spreadsheet program on the PDA has the user&#39;s desired functions. If the spreadsheet program has the user&#39;s desired functions, at step  440 , the user first downloads the spreadsheet file from the desktop to the PDA before operating the spreadsheet application on the PDA with the available functions at step  450 . If the spreadsheet program does not have the user&#39;s desired functions, at step  430 , the desired functions are downloaded to the PDA before downloading the spreadsheet file from the desktop to the PDA at step  440 . Finally, at step  450 , the user operates the spreadsheet application on the PDA with the downloaded functions.  
         [0046]    [0046]FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing how to integrate dynamic function loading in spreadsheets on small devices driven from a desktop computer according to another embodiment of the present invention. First, at step  500 , the user selects a spreadsheet file from a desktop computer to download to a PDA. Next, at step  510 , the selected spreadsheet is examined for the types of functions and formulas it contains. Next, at step  520 , it is determined whether the spreadsheet program on the PDA has the user&#39;s desired functions. If the spreadsheet program has the user&#39;s desired functions, at step  570 , the user operates the spreadsheet application on the PDA with the available functions after downloading the spreadsheet file from the desktop to the PDA at step  560 . If the spreadsheet program does not have the user&#39;s desired functions, at step  530 , the user&#39;s input is analyzed to determine whether the user wants the entire function package. If the user wants the entire function package, at step  550 , the entire function package is downloaded into the user&#39;s PDA. If the user does not want the entire function package, at step  540 , only the user&#39;s desired functions are downloaded into the user&#39;s PDA. After either step  540  or  550  the spreadsheet file is downloaded from the desktop to the PDA at step  560 . Finally, at step  570 , the user operates the spreadsheet application on the PDA with the downloaded functions.  
         [0047]    [0047]FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing how to integrate dynamic function loading in spreadsheets on small devices like a PDA driven from a desktop computer according to an embodiment of the present invention. First, at step  600 , the user selects a spreadsheet file from a desktop computer to download to a PDA. Next, at step  601 , the formulas in the selected spreadsheet are examined for the types of functions it contains. The spreadsheet program on a PDA may include and display a list of all of the available functions on the device. However, the spreadsheet program on the PDA only contains computer code for a limited number of these functions. Nevertheless, the user can build numerous formulas on the PDA using the limited functions.  
         [0048]    The formulas that a users builds are not evaluated until the code for executing the functions become available on the PDA. This is enabled but not performed, at step  610 , when the user connects the PDA to a desktop computer. Currently, a PDA spreadsheet program cannot evaluate formulas containing functions that are not currently loaded on the PDA until the PDA is synchronized with the desktop computer. During the synchronization process, the matching computer code of the functions needed by the user&#39;s formula are transferred from the desktop computer to the PDA. However, one skilled in the art will know that the present invention and synchronization process can be practiced with any suitable computer system that contains the appropriate functions.  
         [0049]    Next, at step  620 , it is determined whether the spreadsheet program on the PDA has a user&#39;s desired functions. If the spreadsheet program has a user&#39;s desired functions, at step  640 , the spreadsheet file is downloaded from the desktop to the PDA before the user ends the synchronization process with the desktop computer at step  650 . If the spreadsheet program does not have the user&#39;s desired functions, at step  630 , the matching code for these functions is downloaded from the desktop computer to the PDA before downloading the spreadsheet file from the desktop to the PDA at step  640 , and ending the synchronization process at step  650 . Finally, at step  660 , the user operates the spreadsheet application on the PDA with the available functions. It should be noted that the evaluation of the desired formulas may take place before the synchronization process is ended at step  650 , or while operating the PDA at step  660 .  
         [0050]    [0050]FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing how to integrate dynamic function support into spreadsheets on small devices. FIG. 8 is an illustration of one embodiment of the present invention driven from a desktop computer to a PDA. First, at step  805 , a user accesses a desktop computer and activates a spreadsheet application. A spreadsheet application contains numerous documents that are commonly referred to as files. A file is a single spreadsheet document that usually possesses some functionality. The types of formulas contained within a file depend on what users are trying to achieve with their particular project. Some files only contain a single formula that may consist of several functions. However, some complex files may contain many formulas that contain numerous functions or subsets of functions. The combination of different functions used within a file frequently change as users continue to develop their project or additional requirements arise.  
         [0051]    At step  810 , the user selects a file from the spreadsheet application that contains the formulas consisting of functions he or she wants to transfer to a PDA. At step  815 , all the functions used by the selected file are determined. All of the functions used by a particular file, which are either contained in a library, or the spreadsheet application, are referred to as “file functions”. At step  820 , all the file functions for each file within the spreadsheet application are displayed. In one embodiment of the display format, the file functions are listed after each file so users can review and select which files contain the functions they want to transfer (“desired functions”). Next, at step  825 , the user may select additional functions to transfer by selecting another file from the displayed list.  
         [0052]    At step  830 , the user connects and synchronizes the PDA to the desktop computer. This step is described in greater detail in FIG. 7. In one embodiment of a synchronization process used in the present invention, essentially, the user inserts the PDA  710  into a carriage  730  that is connected with the desktop computer. The synchronization process allows data to be transferred from the desktop computer to the PDA, or vice versa. Next, at step  835 , it is determined whether the PDA has any file functions already resident on the PDA (“resident functions”). If the PDA does not possess any resident functions, at step  865 , the desired functions are downloaded to the user&#39;s PDA. However, if the PDA does contain resident functions, at step  840 , the desired functions are compared with the resident functions.  
         [0053]    At step  845 , it is determined whether any duplicate functions exist between the desired functions and the resident functions. If duplicate functions exist, at step  850 , one set of the duplicate functions is deleted. This step saves valuable PDA memory because it avoids transferring the same functions. There can be resident functions on the PDA that are not being used by other spreadsheet files, and this is checked at step  855 . If no undesired functions exist, then we download the desired functions, at step  865 , and add the functions to the list of resident functions already on the PDA. If on the other hand there are no other spreadsheet files which are using the resident functions, then at step  860  the undesired resident functions are determined and deleted (the deletion of undesired functions may be accomplished by an user interface where the user approves functions to be deleted) before going on to step  865  where the desired functions are downloaded. Next, at step  870 , the spreadsheet file is downloaded from the desktop to the PDA. Next, at step  880 , the user ends the synchronization process with the desktop computer. Finally, at step  885 , the user operates the spreadsheet application on the PDA with the available functions.  
         [0054]    Embodiment of a Computer Execution Environment  
         [0055]    An embodiment of the invention can be implemented as computer software in the form of computer readable code executed in a desktop general purpose computing environment such as environment  900  illustrated in FIG. 9, or in the form of bytecode class files running in such an environment. A keyboard  910  and mouse  911  are coupled to a bi-directional system bus  918 . The keyboard and mouse are for introducing user input to a computer  901  and communicating that user input to processor  913 .  
         [0056]    Computer  901  may also include a communication interface  920  coupled to bus  918 . Communication interface  920  provides a two-way data communication coupling via a network link  921  to a local network  922 . For example, if communication interface  920  is an integrated services digital network (ISDN) card or a modem, communication interface  920  provides a data communication connection to the corresponding type of telephone line, which comprises part of network link  921 . If communication interface  920  is a local area network (LAN) card, communication interface  920  provides a data communication connection via network link  921  to a compatible LAN. Wireless links are also possible. In any such implementation, communication interface  920  sends and receives electrical, electromagnetic or optical signals, which carry digital data streams representing various types of information.  
         [0057]    Network link  921  typically provides data communication through one or more networks to other data devices. For example, network link  921  may provide a connection through local network  922  to local server computer  923  or to data equipment operated by ISP  924 . ISP  924  in turn provides data communication services through the world wide packet data communication network now commonly referred to as the “Internet”  925 . Local network  922  and Internet  925  both use electrical, electromagnetic or optical signals, which carry digital data streams. The signals through the various networks and the signals on network link  921  and through communication interface  920 , which carry the digital data to and from computer  900 , are exemplary forms of carrier waves transporting the information.  
         [0058]    Processor  913  may reside wholly on client computer  901  or wholly on server  926  or processor  913  may have its computational power distributed between computer  901  and server  926 . In the case where processor  913  resides wholly on server  926 , the results of the computations performed by processor  913  are transmitted to computer  901  via Internet  925 , Internet Service Provider (ISP)  924 , local network  922  and communication interface  920 . In this way, computer  901  is able to display the results of the computation to a user in the form of output. Other suitable input devices may be used in addition to, or in place of, the mouse  911  and keyboard  910 . I/O (input/output) unit  919  coupled to bi-directional system bus  918  represents such I/O elements as a printer, A/V (audio/video) I/O, etc.  
         [0059]    Computer  901  includes a video memory  914 , main memory  915  and mass storage  912 , all coupled to bi-directional system bus  918  along with keyboard  910 , mouse  911  and processor  913 .  
         [0060]    As with processor  913 , in various computing environments, main memory  915  and mass storage  912 , can reside wholly on server  926  or computer  901 , or they may be distributed between the two. Examples of systems where processor  913 , main memory  915 , and mass storage  912  are distributed between computer  901  and server  926  include the thin-client computing architecture developed by Sun Microsystems, Inc., handheld computing devices such as personal digital assistants, Internet ready cellular phones, and other Internet computing devices.  
         [0061]    The mass storage  912  may include both fixed and removable media, such as magnetic, optical or magnetic optical storage systems or any other available mass storage technology. Bus  918  may contain, for example, thirty-two address lines for addressing video memory  914  or main memory  915 . The system bus  918  also includes, for example, a 32-bit data bus for transferring data between and among the components, such as processor  913 , main memory  915 , video memory  914 , and mass storage  912 . Alternatively, multiplex data/address lines may be used instead of separate data and address lines.  
         [0062]    In one embodiment of the invention, the processor  913  is a microprocessor manufactured by Motorola, such as the 680X0 processor or a microprocessor manufactured by Intel, such as the 80X86, or Pentium processor, or a SPARC microprocessor from Sun Microsystems, Inc. However, any other suitable microprocessor or microcomputer may be utilized. Main memory  915  is comprised of dynamic random access memory (DRAM). Video memory  914  is a dual-ported video random access memory. One port of the video memory  914  is coupled to video amplifier  916 . The video amplifier  916  is used to drive the cathode ray tube (CRT) raster monitor  917 . Video amplifier  916  is well known in the art and may be implemented by any suitable apparatus. This circuitry converts pixel data stored in video memory  914  to a raster signal suitable for use by monitor  917 . Monitor  917  is a type of monitor suitable for displaying graphic images.  
         [0063]    Computer  901  can send messages and receive data, including program code, through the network(s), network link  921 , and communication interface  920 . In the Internet example, remote server computer  926  might transmit a requested code for an application program through Internet  925 , ISP  924 , local network  922  and communication interface  920 . The received code may be executed by processor  913  as it is received, and/or stored in mass storage  912 , or other nonvolatile storage for later execution. In this manner, computer  900  may obtain application code in the form of a carrier wave. Alternatively, remote server computer  926  may execute applications using processor  913 , and utilize mass storage  912 , and/or video memory  915 . The results of the execution at server  926  are then transmitted through Internet  925 , ISP  924 , local network  922 , and communication interface  920 . In this example, computer  901  performs only input and output functions.  
         [0064]    Application code may be embodied in any form of computer program product. A computer program product comprises a medium configured to store or transport computer readable code, or in which computer readable code may be embedded. Some examples of computer program products are CD-ROM disks, ROM cards, floppy disks, magnetic tapes, computer hard drives, servers on a network, and carrier waves.  
         [0065]    The computer systems described above are for purposes of example only. An embodiment of the invention may be implemented in any type of computer system or programming or processing environment.  
         [0066]    Thus, a method for dynamic function loading in spreadsheets on small devices is described in conjunction with one or more specific embodiments. The invention is defined by the claims and their full scope of equivalents.