Abstract:
An ink jet printing method, comprising the steps of: 
     A) providing an ink jet printer that is responsive to digital data signals; 
     B) loading the printer with ink-receptive substrates; 
     C) loading the printer with an ink jet ink composition comprising a carrier and a polyvalent transition metal complex of an 8-heterocyclylazo-5-hydroxyquinoline; and 
     D) printing on an ink-receptive substrate using the ink jet ink in response to the digital data signals.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     Reference is made to commonly-assigned copending U.S. patent application Ser. No.09/203,254, filed of even date herewith, (Docket 78586HEC) entitled Metal Complex for Ink Jet Ink by Evans and Weber, the teachings of which are incorporated herein by reference. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention relates to an ink jet printing method using a certain metal complex as a colorant in an ink jet ink composition. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Ink jet printing is a non-impact method for producing images by the deposition of ink droplets in a pixel-by-pixel manner to an image-recording element in response to digital signals. There are various methods which may be utilized to control the deposition of ink droplets on the image-recording element to yield the desired image. In one process, known as continuous ink jet, a continuous stream of droplets is charged and deflected in an imagewise manner onto the surface of the image-recording element, while unimaged droplets are caught and returned to an ink sump. In another process, known as drop-on-demand ink jet, individual ink droplets are projected as needed onto the image-recording element to form the desired image. Common methods of controlling the projection of ink droplets in drop-on-demand printing include piezoelectric transducers and thermal bubble formation. Ink jet printers have found broad applications across markets ranging from industrial labeling to short run printing to desktop document and pictorial imaging. 
     The inks used in the various ink jet printers can be classified as either dye-based or pigment-based. A dye is a colorant, which is dissolved in the carrier medium. A pigment is a colorant that is insoluble in the carrier medium, but is dispersed or suspended in the form of small particles, often stabilized against flocculation and settling by the use of dispersing agents. The carrier medium can be a liquid or a solid at room temperature in both cases. Commonly used carrier media include water, mixtures of water and organic co-solvents and high boiling organic solvents, such as hydrocarbons, esters, ketones, etc. 
     The choice of a colorant in ink jet systems is critical to image quality. For colors such as cyan, magenta, yellow, green, orange, etc., the peak wavelength (λ-max), the width of the absorption curve and the absence of secondary absorptions are important. The colorants should also have a high degree of light fastness after printing onto the ink-receiving element. Colorants need to be sufficiently compatible with the carrier to provide an ink that is capable of producing adequate density on the receiving element and stable for extended periods of storage. High quality ink jet printing requires colorants which will provide both bright hue and good light stability. It is difficult to find colorants which meet all of these requirements, particularly magenta colorants. 
     DESCRIPTION OF RELATED ART 
     JP02-080470, JP62-190272 and JP63-218766 relate to copper, nickel and cobalt complexes of 2-(ortho-hydroxy-phenylazo)-1-naphthols and -pyrazolones for use in aqueous ink jet inks. However, there is a problem with the magenta dyes in these references (e.g., dye C-1, below) in that the hue is not as good as one would like. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 5,074,914 discloses the use of Reactive Red 23, a copper complexed azo dye in ink jet printing. However, there is a problem with Reactive Red 23, dye C-2, below, in that the hue is not as good as one would like. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 4,420,550 relates to photographic elements containing magenta metal dye complex moieties. However, there is no disclosure of the use of these complexes in an ink jet ink composition. 
     It is an object of this invention to provide a method for using an ink jet ink composition containing a magenta metal complex which has both good light stability and bright hue. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     These and other objects are achieved in accordance with this invention which relates to an ink jet printing method, comprising the steps of: 
     A) providing an ink jet printer that is responsive to digital data signals; 
     B) loading the printer with ink-receptive substrates; 
     C) loading the printer with an ink jet ink composition comprising a carrier and a polyvalent transition metal complex of an 8-heterocyclylazo-5-hydroxyquinoline; and 
     D) printing on an ink-receptive substrate using the ink jet ink in response to the digital data signals. 
     The method of the invention using this ink composition provides images with a combination of outstanding light stability and bright magenta hue that cannot be obtained with the metal complex azo dyes of the prior art. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the polyvalent transition metal complexes of an 8-heterocyclylazo-5-hydroxyquinoline employed have the following general structure: ##STR1## wherein: 
     M represents a polyvalent transition metal ion; 
     each L independently represents a neutral or anionic ligand; 
     each X, Y and Z independently represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group of 1-6 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group of 6-10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted hetaryl group of 5-10 atoms, halogen, cyano, nitro, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxycarbonyl group of 1-6 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group of 1-6 carbon atoms, hydroxy, a polyoxyalkylene group of 2-20 alkylene oxide residues, carboxy or a salt thereof, sulfo or a salt thereof, phospho or a salt thereof, carbamoyl, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl-, aralkyl-, aryl-, diaryl- or dialkyl-carbamoyl group of 1-20 carbon atoms, sulfamoyl, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl-, aralkyl-, aryl-, diaryl- or dialkyl-sulfamoyl group of 1-20 carbon atoms, acylamino, sulfonylamino, amino, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl-, aralkyl-, aryl-, diaryl- or dialkyl-amino group of 1-20 carbon atoms or a quaternary ammonium or phosphonium group; 
     Q represents the atoms necessary to complete a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic ring; 
     n represents 2 or 3; 
     m represents an integer from 1-3; 
     each p and r independently represents an integer from 0-3; 
     q represents 0, 1 or 2; 
     two or more of L may be joined together to form a bi- or tridentate ligand which may optionally comprise another polydentate molecule of the same or different structure as shown above; 
     one or more of L may be combined with X and/or Z; 
     one or more of X, Y and Z, together with the carbon to which they are attached, may independently represent a ring nitrogen; and 
     any two of X, Y or Z may be joined together to form a 5-7 membered saturated or unsaturated ring. 
     Compositions in which two or more of the above metal complex dyes represented by structure 1 are joined covalently are also considered to be within the scope of the method of this invention. 
     Preferred transition metal ions for 1 include Ni 2+ , Cu 2+ , Zn 2+ , Fe 2+ , Fe 3+ , Cr 3+ , Pd 2+ , Pt 2+  and Co 2+ . 
     Examples of neutral ligands (L) for 1 include water, pyridine, morpholine and ammonia. Examples of bi- and tri-dentate ligands include bipyridine, terpyridine, iminodiacetate, glycine and 8-hydroxyquinoline. 
     Examples of anionic ligands (L) include acetate, chloride and cyanate. 
     For X, Y and Z in 1, examples of a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group include methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, hydroxyethyl, 3-(N,N-dimethylamino)propyl, sulfatoethyl and benzyl. Examples of a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group include phenyl, naphthyl, 4-chlorophenyl and 2-carboxyphenyl. Examples of a substituted or unsubstituted hetaryl group include pyridyl, imidazolyl and quinolyl. Examples of halogen include chloro, fluoro, bromo and iodo. Examples of a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group include methoxy, isopropoxy, 2-hydroxyethoxy and carboxymethoxy. Useful salts of carboxy, sulfo, phospho and sulfato include sodium, lithium, potassium, triethanolammonium, pyridinium and tetramethylammonium. Examples of a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl-, aralkyl-, aryl-, diaryl- or dialkyl-carbamoyl group include N-methylcarbamoyl, N-methyl-N-(3-sulfophenyl)-carbamoyl, N-p-(trimethylammonium)phenylcarbamoyl and N,N-bis (4-carboxyphenyl)carbamoyl. Examples of a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl-, aralkyl-, aryl-, diaryl- or dialkyl-sulfamoyl group include N-methylsulfamoyl, N-methyl-N-(3-sulfophenyl)-sulfamoyl, N-p-(trimethylammonium)phenylsulfamoyl and N,N-bis (4-carboxyphenyl)sulfamoyl. Examples of an acylamino group include acetamido, carboxyethylacetamido and benzamido. Examples of a ureido group include n-methylureido, ureido and 3,5-bis carboxyphenylureido. Examples of a sulfonylamino group include methanesulfonamido, p-toluenesulfonamido and 2-(trimethlyammonium)ethanesulfonamido. Examples of a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl-, aralkyl-, aryl-, diaryl- or dialkyl-amino group include methylamino, N,N-dimethylamino, carboxymethylamino and 2,5-disulfoanilino. Examples of a quaternary ammonium group include trimethylammonium and benzyldimethylammonium. Examples of a phosphonium group include triphenylphosphonium and trimethylphosphonium. 
     Examples of heterocyclic ring systems completed by the atoms represented by Q include pyridine, pyrazine, quinoline, thiazole, benzothiazole and pyrazole. 
     In a preferred embodiment of the invention, M is Ni 2+ . In another preferred embodiment, L m  comprises an 8-heterocyclylazo-5-hydroxyquinoline. In yet another preferred embodiment, X is a chloro, methyl, alkoxy or carboxy. In still another preferred embodiment, Y is hydrogen, and Z is hydrogen or alkylsulfamoyl. In still yet another preferred embodiment, Q represents the atoms necessary to complete a pyridine ring. 
     U.S Pat. No. 4,420,550 discussed above, and Example 1 hereafter describe general synthetic procedures for preparing the metal complexes of this invention. 
     Representative examples of dyes employed in this invention are below: 
     
         __________________________________________________________________________ ##STR2##Dye   M   X.sub.1           X.sub.2                 Zmax.sup.1__________________________________________________________________________1     Ni  Cl    CO.sub.2 H                 SO.sub.2 NH(i-Pr)                        5592     Cu  Cl    CO.sub.2 H                 SO.sub.2 NH(i-Pr)                        5473     Ni  Cl    CO.sub.2 Na                 H      5504     Ni  Cl    CO.sub.2 H                 H      5515     Ni  H     CO.sub.2 H                 H      5466     Ni  CH.sub.3           CO.sub.2 H                 H      5527     Ni  CO.sub.2 H           CO.sub.2 H                 H      554__________________________________________________________________________ .sup.1 Measured in 1% aqueous triethanolamine   - ##STR3##Dye   M.sup.n+ X            Y     Z__________________________________________________________________________8  Ni.sup.2+ 3-CO.sub.2 H H     H 4-Cl9  Co.sup.2+ 2-Cl         6-CH.sub.3                    5&#39;-SO.sub.3 .sup.- Na.sup.+ 3-CH.sub.310 Cr.sup.3+ 2-Cl         H     6&#39;-Cl 3-CONH--(C.sub.2 H.sub.4 N(CH.sub.3).sub.2)11 Ni.sup.2+ H            H     4&#39;,5&#39;-(CO.sub.2 H).sub.212 Cu.sup.2+ 2-NHC.sub.3 H.sub.6 N--(CH.sub.3).sub.2              6,7-(CH.sub.3).sub.2                    H13 Ni.sup.2+ 2-Cl         7-CO.sub.2 H                    5&#39;-Cl 3-[C.sub.6 H.sub.3 -3,5-(SO.sub.3 Na).sub.2 ]14 Ni.sup.2+ 2,3-Cl.sub.2 6-OH  5&#39;-SO.sub.2 NH[C.sub.3 H.sub.6 N(CH.sub.3).sub.2                    ].sub.215 Cu.sup.2+ 3-CONHC.sub.2 H.sub.4- (N.sup.+ CH.sub.3).sub.3 Cl.sup.-              6-CN  4&#39;-CONH.sub.216 Ni.sup.2+ 2-Cl         H     H 3-SO.sub.2 NHC.sub.2- H.sub.4 OSO.sub.3 --Na+__________________________________________________________________________ ##STR4##Dye 17 ##STR5##Dye 18 ##STR6##Dye 19 ##STR7##Dye 20 ##STR8##Dye 21 ##STR9##Dye 22__________________________________________________________________________ 
    
     The carrier of the ink jet ink composition employed in the invention is preferably water. In addition, a co-solvent can also be employed. The selection of a co-solvent depends on the requirements of the specific application, such as desired surface tension and viscosity, drying time of the ink jet ink, and the type of paper onto which the ink will be printed. Representative examples of water-soluble co-solvents that may be selected include (1) alcohols, such as methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol, sec-butyl alcohol, t-butyl alcohol, iso-butyl alcohol, furfuryl alcohol, and tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol; (2) ketones or ketoalcohols such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone and diacetone alcohol; (3) esters, such as ethyl acetate, ethyl lactate, ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate; and (4) sulfur-containing compounds such as dimethyl sulfoxide and tetramethylene sulfone. 
     When the carrier is water, a humectant may be employed in the ink jet composition to help prevent the ink from drying out or crusting in the orifices of the printhead. Examples of humectants which can be used include polyhydric alcohols, such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, propylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, glycerol, 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol 1,2,6-hexanetriol and thioglycol; lower alkyl mono- or di-ethers derived from alkylene glycols, such as ethylene glycol mono-methyl or mono-ethyl ether, diethylene glycol mono-methyl or mono-ethyl ether, propylene glycol mono-methyl or mono-ethyl ether, triethylene glycol mono-methyl or mono-ethyl ether, diethylene glycol di-methyl or di-ethyl ether, and diethylene glycol monobutylether; nitrogen containing cyclic compounds, such as pyrrolidone, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, and 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone; and sulfur-containing compounds such as dimethyl sulfoxide and tetramethylene sulfone. A preferred humectant for a water-based composition used in the invention is diethylene glycol, glycerol, diethylene glycol monobutylether. 
     Water-miscible organic solvents may also be added to an aqueous ink employed in the invention to help the ink penetrate the receiving substrate, especially when the substrate is a highly sized paper. Examples of such solvents include alcohols, such as methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol, sec-butyl alcohol, t-butyl alcohol, iso-butyl alcohol, furfuryl alcohol, and tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol; ketones or ketoalcohols such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone and diacetone alcohol; ethers, such as tetrahydrofuran and dioxane; and esters, such as, ethyl lactate, ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate. 
     Surfactants may be added to adjust the surface tension of the ink to an appropriate level. The surfactants may be anionic, cationic, amphoteric or nonionic. 
     A biocide may be added to the composition employed in the invention to suppress the growth of micro-organisms such as molds, fungi, etc. in aqueous inks. A preferred biocide is Proxel® GXL (Zeneca Specialties Co.) at a final concentration of 0.05-0.5 wt. %. 
     The pH of an aqueous ink composition employed in the invention may be adjusted by the addition of organic or inorganic acids or bases. Useful inks may have a preferred pH of from about 2 to 10, depending upon the type of dye or pigment being used. Typical inorganic acids include hydrochloric, phosphoric and sulfuric acids. Typical organic acids include methanesulfonic, acetic and lactic acids. Typical inorganic bases include alkali metal hydroxides and carbonates. Typical organic bases include ammonia, triethanolamine and tetramethylethlenediamine. 
     A typical aqueous ink composition employed in the invention may comprise, for example, the following substituents by weight: colorant (0.05-5%), water (20-95%), a humectant (5-70%), water miscible co-solvents (2-20%), surfactant (0.1-10%,), biocide (0.05-5%) and pH control agents (0.1-10%). 
     Additional additives which may optionally be present in the ink jet ink composition employed in the invention include thickeners, conductivity enhancing agents, anti-kogation agents, drying agents, and defoamers. 
     The ink jet inks used in this invention may be employed in ink jet printing wherein liquid ink drops are applied in a controlled fashion to an ink receptive layer substrate, by ejecting ink droplets from a plurality of nozzles or orifices of the print head of an ink jet printer. 
     Ink-receptive substrates useful in ink jet printing are well known to those skilled in the art. Representative examples of such substrates are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,605,750; 5,723,211; and 5,789,070 and EP 813 978 A1, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference. 
    
    
     The following examples illustrate the utility of the present invention. 
     EXAMPLES 
     The following control dyes (C-1 and C-2) were evaluated along with the colorants of the invention: ##STR10## 
     EXAMPLE 1 
     Synthesis of Dye 6 
     A solution of 2.75 g (0.01 mole) ethyl-(2-methyl-5,8-dimethoxy)-quinoline-3-carboxylate (see U.S. Pat. No. 4,656,283) in 50 mL of tetrahydrofuran (THF) was diluted with 100 mL of ethylacetate. To this solution was added a solution of 13.71 g (0.025 mole) of ceric ammonium nitrate in 50 mL of water and the 2-phase mixture stirred at room temperature for 1.5 hr. The phases were separated and the upper, organic layer washed twice with 25 mL of water and once with saturated NaCl. After drying over MgSO 4 , the organic layer was evaporated to dryness at less than 40° C. The residual solid was suspended in 100 mL of ethanol containing 0.5 mL of concentrated hydrochloric acid and treated with a solution of 1.09 g (0.01 mole) of 2-hydrazinopyridine in 20 mL of ethanol containing 0.5 mL of concentrated hydrochloric acid. After stirring 18 hr at ambient temperature and chilling to 0° C., the solid product was collected by filtration. The crude dye-ester was purified by digestion with 25 mL of boiling ethanol, chilling and filtering. The yield was 1.3 g (51% of theory) of ethyl-(2-methyl-5-hydroxy-8-[2-pyridylazo])-quinoline-3-carboxylate as a dark red solid. 
     The dye-ester from above (1.18 g, 0.0035 mole) was hydrolyzed by warming at 40° C. in a mixture of THF/methanol/water (7:25:5) containing 0.7 g NaOH (0.0175 mole) for 2 hr. After dilution with 100 mL water, the deep orange solution was acidified to pH -3 with dilute hydrochloric acid and the resulting yellow-orange solid collected by filtration. The crude dye-acid was purified by digestion with 15 mL of boiling acetonitrile, chilling and filtering to give 1.0 g (92% of theory) of 2-methyl-5-hydroxy-8-(2-pyridylazo)-quinoline-3-carboxylic acid. 
     The dye-acid from above (1.0 g, 0.00325 mole) was suspended in 10 mL of dimethylformamide and treated with a solution of 0.4 g (0.00162 mole) nickel(II) acetate tetrahydrate in 3 mL water. The red-magenta solution was warmed at 75° C. for 1 hour, cooled to ambient temperature and diluted with 50 mL water and the crude Dye 6 was collected by filtration. After digestion with 20 mL of acetonitrile, chilling and filtering, 1.0 g (91% of theory) of Dye 6 was obtained as a dark red-green solid. The UV-visible spectrum was obtained in 1% triethanolamine/water and gave a λ-max of 552 nm. The mass spectrum was determined with a quadropole mass spectrometer utilizing Electrospray Ionization set up to detect negatively charged ions. The spectrum exhibited major peaks at m/e 671 and 673 consistent with the structure of Dye 6 (formula weight 672,  58  Ni). 
     Preparation of Inks 
     Inks containing the dyes employed in the invention and control dyes were prepared by dissolving an appropriate amount of the dye in deionized water containing by weight humectants of diethylene glycol and glycerol, each at 6 wt. %, Proxel® GXL biocide, (Zeneca Specialties) at 0.003 wt. % and Surfynol ®465 surfacant (Air Products Co.) at 0.5 wt. %. The ink pH was adjusted to approximately 8 by the addition of triethanolamine or dilute sodium hydroxide. The dye concentrations were based on solution absorption spectra and chosen such that the final ink, when diluted 1:1000, would yield a transmission optical density of approximately 1.0. Details are given in Table 1. 
     The inks were then filtered through a 0.45μ polytetrafluoroethylene filter and placed in an empty Hewlett-Packard ink cartridge (No. HP 51629A). 
     
                       TABLE 1______________________________________Ink           Dye    Wt. % Dye______________________________________1             1      0.882             2      0.973             3      0.694             4      0.645             5      0.556             6      0.587             7      0.74C-1           C-1    3.00C-2           C-2    3.34______________________________________ 
    
     Printing of Test Images 
     The ink cartridges from above were fitted into the black ink station of a Hewlett-Packard Deskjet 600 printer and a test image consisting of a series of 21 variable density patches, approximately 15 by 13 mm in size, ranging from 5% dot coverage to 100% dot coverage was printed onto commercially available Kodak Inkjet Photographic Quality Paper (Catalog No. 800 6298) and allowed to dry for 24 hours at ambient temperature and humidity. 
     Evaluation of Test Images 
     The Status A red, green and blue reflection densities of the maximum density patch of the stepped images from above were measured using an X-Rite 820 densitometer. The green density is listed in Table 3. The ratios of green to blue (G/B) and green to red (G/R) densities are measures of color purity and were calculated for each of the dyes of the invention and the control dyes and are listed in Table 2. Maximum densities (D-max) of more than 1.5 are acceptable and high G/B and G/R ratios indicate less unwanted absorptions and better color purity and are desirable. 
     The stepped images were then subjected to light fade under 50 kLux high-intensity daylight irradiation and 50% relative humidity for 1 week. The Status A green densities of the stepped images were remeasured and the % loss in Status A green density for the 75% dot coverage patches were calculated and also listed in Table 2. 
     
                       TABLE 2______________________________________                        Status A                               Status AInk     D-max   % Density Loss                        G/B ratio                               G/R ratio______________________________________1       2.0     0            4      72       2.1     11           3      53       2.2     5            4      124       1.7     3            3      85       1.8     1            3      96       1.8     --           4      97       1.9     --           4      9C-1     2.1     1            2      6C-2     1.6     3            2      6______________________________________ 
    
     The above results show that use of the ink jet ink compositions in accordance with the invention yields images with comparable light stability to the prior art dyes. However, the ink jet ink compositions used in accordance with the invention yield images of higher color purity (higher G/B and G/R ratios) than other metal complex azo dyes of the prior art. 
     The invention has been described in detail with particular reference to certain preferred embodiments thereof, but it will be understood that variations and modifications can be effected within the spirit and scope of the invention.