Abstract:
Two cap modifications are disclosed for use on water bottles to be installed in water dispensers. A central conical well in the top of the cap is formed with a scoreline. When the bottle is lowered into a dispenser, a probe of the dispenser enters the well and causes it to split along the scoreline. When the bottle is raised, the well substantially returns to initial condition, inhibiting spillage of any liquid remaining in the bottle.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This Application is a Continuation-in-Part of pending U.S. patent application entitled Cap for Fluid Container with Threaded Neck by Brian M. Adams and Daniel Luch Ser. No. 08/436,936, filed May 8, 1995, which is a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 08/016,579 filed Feb. 10, 1993, now abandoned, which is a Continuation-in-Part of Ser. No. 07/772,949, filed Oct. 8, 1991, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,232,125. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     This invention relates to a new and improved cap for a fluid container which is formed with a conical well which splits when pierced by a dispenser probe and substantially recloses when disengaged from the probe. More particularly, the invention relates to a snap-on cap for a bottle neck having a crown finish either with or without a superimposed threaded finish which is tamper-evident and includes spill reduction features. 
     2. Description of the Related Art 
     Plastic push-on bottle caps for use with container necks having a crown finish with a superimposed threaded finish are shown in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,392,860 and 3,979,002 as well as elsewhere in the art. The present invention provides a cap which engages both the crown finish of the neck and the threaded finish. Further, means is provided whereby the cap cannot be removed from the neck without tearing off a portion of the cap and hence the cap is tamper-evident. 
     Push-on caps have been in public use by the assignee of this Application. However, the use of barriers to prevent unscrewing the cap has not previously been known in the art. 
     Caps having wells pierced by dispenser probes are likewise known. 
     The use of foam disks on the undersides of the tops of plastic caps to seal against the lip of a neck are also known in the art. 
     SUMMARY OF INVENTION 
     Two basic forms of cap are disclosed. One is used to close the neck of a bottle of the type having a crown positioned below the lip with a restricted diameter portion above the crown and a screw thread around the restricted diameter portion. Bottles of this type have been used commercially. The lower portion of such bottle is usually rectangular in cross-section so that a plurality of bottles may be stacked on top of each other without the necessity of using pallets. Such bottles have heretofore been closed by a metal screw cap having threads engaging the threads on the bottle. To make the system tamper-evident, a plastic snap-on overcap has been used. However, stacking of bottles causes increased hydraulic pressure to be exerted on the bottom bottles, and this is aggravated by hydraulic &#34;hammer&#34; resulting from transportation by truck. This has resulted in leakage. 
     The use of a metal screw cap has been found somewhat undesirable because of its tendency to rust. 
     Another development in use in water bottles is a type cap which remains on the bottle and is provided with sealing means to prevent leakage from the bottle when it is installed in a water dispenser and also when it has been removed. The aforesaid metal caps and plastic overcaps have not been found adaptable to this new development. 
     The use of caps, such as shown in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,392,860 and 3,979,002, in stacked bottle installations has been found to be unsatisfactory, because during transport the &#34;hydraulic hammer&#34; forces the cap upward on the neck. If a foam liner is used under the top of the cap, such liner tends to separate from the neck as the cap is forced upward. 
     In this form of the present invention, a plastic push-on type cap is used having a top under which is installed an annular foam plastic gasket. The skin of the cap has a restricted diameter upper portion which is internally threaded. Vertical &#34;barriers&#34; are formed below the internal thread, preventing the cap from being removed from the neck threads so long as the cap is intact. Below the restricted upper portion, the skirt expands outwardly and has an internal locking bead which snaps over and engages the underside of the crown finish of the neck. The lower skirt portion extends downwardly and frictionally engages the exterior of the neck. The barriers engage the ends of the threads of the neck and such ends are tapered both in width and in thread height to function as wedges or ramps. The barriers are bowed outward if an attempt is made to unscrew the cap while the lower skirt portion is intact and thereby the cap threads unseat from the neck threads. Hence repeated turning of the cap does not unscrew the cap from the neck. 
     Vertical tear lines extend up from the bottom edge of the cap to the region of the internal threads and a tear tab is provided which, when pulled, tears the cap along the scorelines. Once the cap is torn, evidence of tampering appears. Further when the cap is torn the lower skirt does not inhibit upward movement of the cap and hence the cap may be unscrewed or merely lifted off the neck. 
     In installing the cap, the tear tab provides an orientation means which aligns the cap threads with respect to the neck threads so that when the cap is forced axially downwardly over the neck, the cap threads expand outwardly to clear the neck threads and then contract to mate with the neck threads, thereby insuring that the cap does not have to be screwed onto the neck. Simultaneously, the lower portion of the skin seats on the crown of the cap and the locking bead seats under the crown bead of the neck. The barriers are located adjacent the neck thread ends so that unscrewing the cap causes the barriers to ramp up over the thread ends. 
     The second basic form cap is a modification of U.S. Pat. No. 5,370,270, to which reference is made. 
     An important feature of both caps is the elimination of spillage when the bottle is installed in a conventional water dispenser and a considerable reduction in spillage of any water which may remain in the bottle when the bottle is removed from the dispenser. Accordingly, a conical well is formed in the center of the top of the cap, the well having a rounded bottom. A scoreline is formed, preferably on the interior of the cap, consisting essentially of three continuous sections, namely, a first section extending down from the top, a second section extending across the rounded bottom of the well and a third section extending from the second section up to the top of the cap, all three sections lying in a common diametric plane. 
     A common form of water dispenser has a hollow, apertured probe extending vertically upward so that as the bottle, with cap attached, is lowered into the dispenser, the probe engages the well and causes the well to split along the scoreline, permitting water to flow from the bottle into the probe and then to the dispenser. A short rib is formed extending perpendicular to the scoreline. The tip of the probe first contacts the rib and initiates tearing the well apart at the scoreline. When the user wishes to remove the bottle, withdrawal of the probe from the well allows the well to close at least partially, to reduce the amount of water which may flow out of the bottle while it is being removed from the dispenser and restored to upright position. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     The accompanying drawings which are incorporated in the form as part of this specification illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with a description, serve to explain the principals of the invention: 
     FIG. 1 is a side elevational view of the neck of a bottle with which one of the caps of the present invention may be used, being partially broken away in section. 
     FIG. 2 is a bottom plan view of a cap used with the neck of FIG. 1. 
     FIG. 3 is a vertical sectional view taken substantially along the line 3--3 of FIG. 2. 
     FIG. 4 is a vertical sectional view showing the cap of FIG. 2 installed on the neck of FIG. 1. 
     FIG. 5 is a schematic vertical sectional view showing a water dispenser probe extending through the well of a cap. 
     FIG. 6 is a view similar to FIG. 3 of a modified cap. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     Reference will now be made in detail to the preferred embodiments of the invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. While the invention will be described in conjunction with the preferred embodiments, it will be understood that they are not intended to limit the invention to those embodiments. On the contrary, the invention is intended to cover alternatives, modifications and equivalents, which may be included within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. 
     One form of cap of the present invention is used on a water bottle, the body of which (not shown) is generally rectangular in cross-section so that a number of bottles which are horizontally disposed may be stacked on top of each other. The neck 11 of such a bottle has a lip 12 from which depends a restricted diameter cylindrical vertical stretch 13. One turn of external screw thread 14 is applied to the stretch 13 and is generally slightly greater than 360° in extent. As shown in FIG. 1, the ends 15 of thread 14 taper both in width and in thickness to function as wedges or ramps, as hereinafter appears. Below vertical stretch 13 is an enlarged external bead or crown 16 and below the crown 16 is a concave portion 17 and below portion 17 is a generally rounded portion 18. 
     In the form of the invention shown in FIGS. 2-5, cap 21 has a top 22 which is circular and a vertical skirt stretch 23 depends from the periphery of top 22. A slightly less than 360° internal screw thread 24 is formed on the interior of the vertical stretch 23. Vertical barriers 26 are formed on the interior surface of stretch 23 extending downwardly from thread 24. Barriers 26 are angularly spaced apart along thread 24 and also extend to the level of the lower end of thread 24. As described below, the presence of barriers 26 prevents the cap from being removed, so long as the cap is intact. 
     Below vertical stretch 23 cap 21 expands downwardly and outwardly in a slanted stretch 27 and below the stretch 27 is a second vertical stretch 28. On the interior of stretch 28 is an internal locking bead 31 which engages under crown 16 of neck 11. Below locking bead 31 the skirt 33 extends downwardly to engage the surface 18 of neck 11 below concave portions 17. 
     Extending below bottom edge 34 of skirt 33 is tear tab 38. To one side of tear tab 38 extending upward from bottom edge 34 is external scoreline 36 which extends up the outside of cap 21 to the level of top 22. On the opposite side of tear tab 38 is second scoreline 37 which extends up from bottom edge 34 to the level of the bottom edge of slanted stretch 27. A break 32 in locking bead 31 extends between the scorelines 37 and 38. 
     Additional features of the cap 21 include an internal bead 71 at bottom edge 34 which, as shown in FIG. 4, engages neck 11 to prevent dirt from entering under the skirt 33. Breaks 72 in bead 71 occur corresponding to external scorelines 36 and 37. 
     To rigidify the upper end of the cap, external ribs 74 lying in vertical radial planes extend from top 22 to the bottom edge of slanted stretch 27. 
     A foam disk 39 which is annular in shape is installed on the underside of top 22. To improve engagement of disk 39, a circular internal bead 41 is formed on the underside of top 22 adjacent vertical stretch 23. 
     At the time of installation of cap 21 on neck 11, tear tab 38 is oriented with respect to the threads 14 and threads 14 are easily oriented by reason of the rectangular cross-section of the body of the bottle. When the cap 21 is pushed axially downwardly without rotation onto neck 11, bead 31 slips over the crown 16. Thread 24 expands and slips over thread 14. By reason of the orientation of the cap 21 relative to the neck 11, the threads 24 and 14 interengage tightly and there is no need to screw the cap onto the neck. Foam disk 39 seals on the lip 12 and against bead 41. Despite water hammer during transportation, the foam disk 39, the seating of the threads 14 and 24 and the seating of the bead 31 and crown 16 make the cap water-tight. Furthermore, it is also tamper-evident since the barriers 26 prevent the cap from being unscrewed so long as the cap is intact. 
     If one attempts to unscrew the cap, barriers 26 ride up on ramp 15. The cap stretches outward so that threads 14 and 24 disengage and repeated turning of the cap does not cause it to move upward relative to neck 11. 
     To remove the cap, one grips the tear tab 38 and pulls upwardly so that the cap tears along the tear lines 36 and 37. With the lower portion of the cap loosened it is possible for the consumer to then remove the upper portion of the cap, providing access to the contents of the container. 
     Top 22 is formed with a central conical well 46 having a very short cylindrical stretch at the top merging into conical side wall 47 which, in turn, merges into a rounded bottom 48. The level of bottom 48 is approximately that of the locking bead 31. Well 46 is formed with an internal scoreline 51 consisting of a first stretch 52 extending from adjacent the top of conical side 47 downwardly and merging with a second stretch 53 which extends across the bottom 48 and then merging with an upward stretch 54. The stretches 52, 53 and 54 lie in a common diametric plane. On the exterior of the bottom 53 is a rib 56 perpendicular to the plane of scoreline 51. 
     The container with cap 21 in place on neck 11 is inverted and installed in the dispenser by vertical downward movement. The dispenser has a hollow, apertured probe 61 extending vertically upwardly. As the bottle lowers, the tip 62 of probe 61 encounters rib 56 and then bottom 48 causing the well 46 to split along internal scoreline 51 until the position of FIG. 5 is obtained. Water enters probe 61 and flows into the dispenser as required. 
     After the contents of the bottle have been substantially depleted, the bottle is removed by lifting vertically upwardly. The two halves of the well 46 shown in FIG. 5 come together by reason of the resiliency of the plastic material of which the cap is molded. The well 46 is not restored to its original condition but substantial leakage is inhibited so that spillage of water onto the outside of the dispenser and/or floor is avoided. When the container is returned to the bottling works, an attendant grips tear tab 38, causing the cap to tear along scorelines 36 and 37 so that cap 21 may be removed. 
     Directing attention to FIG. 6, the well of the present invention may be installed in a different cap structure such as that shown in U.S. Pat. No. 5,370,270. Cap 76 fits on a container neck (not shown). Cap 76 has an annular top 77 and well 46a is positioned centrally thereof. The structure of well 46a resembles that of the preceding modification and the same reference numerals followed by the subscript a are used to designate corresponding elements. 
     Cap 76 has a rounded corner 81 disposed outwardly of top 77 and below corner 81 is a depending skirt 82. A tension ring 85 is located on the inside of the skirt 82 in a position to fit under the neck bead or crown (not shown) and to draw corner 81 toward the neck bead. Preferably, there is an internal seal bead 86 on the inside of the wall of the corer 81 which tightly engages the container lip and seals against leakage. Standoffs 84 are radially spaced apart and inward projecting to hold the wall of the skirt 82 outwardly of the concavity of the container neck and also facilitate pushing the cap 76 onto the neck. 
     In order to loosen the lower portion of skirt 82 so that cap 76 may be removed from the neck, a tab 89 extends downward from the bottom edge 88 of the skirt 82 and is formed with transverse finger grip ridges 91 to facilitate pulling the tab. Curving upwardly from bottom edge 88 adjacent tab 89 is a scoreline 92 which merges with a horizontal scoreline 93 immediately below tension ring 85. By pulling upward on the tab 89, the skirt tears along the scoreline 92 and then along a sufficient portion of scoreline 93 so that the lower portion of the skirt 82 releases its grip on the neck. So long as the skirt 82 is intact on the neck, it is practically impossible to remove the cap 76 and hence the cap is tamper-evident. Once the lower portion of the skirt is loosened, the upper portion of the cap may be removed and used as a reclosure cap. 
     It will be understood that in the preferred practice of the present invention, cap 76 is not removed prior to installation on the container in the dispenser. However, many times the consumer may wish to use the container in a different type of dispenser. Further, after the container has been returned to the bottling works, it is necessary to remove the cap 76 before the bottle is sterilized and refilled. Hence the tab 89, scorelines 92 and 93 are used for such purposes. A buttress or internal thickening 94 is formed adjacent the intersection of bottom edge 88 and the bottom of scoreline 92 to prevent unintentional tearing of the skirt along any lines other than the lines 92 and 93. The buttress 94 assists in confining the tear to the proper line. 
     When used in a dispenser of the type hereinabove described and wherein there is a probe, the cap of FIG. 6, in place on the container neck, is inverted. Penetration of the tip 62 causes the well 46a to fracture along internal scoreline 51a as in the preceding modification. When the bottle is withdrawn from the dispenser, the halves of the well 46a come together to inhibit leakage of water, as in the preceding modification. 
     The foregoing descriptions of specific embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration and description. They are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and its practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention and various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claims appended hereto and their equivalents.