Abstract:
A warning system for warning a lack of a working fluid for an engine. The engine is provided with an ignition unit supplied with an ignition power supply from a magneto. A sensing unit senses the lack of the working fluid and produces a detection signal. A warning element, connected to the magneto, receives a power supply to give a warning indicating the lack of the working fluid. A controller is responsive to the detection signal from the sensing unit for actuating the warning element to provide the warning without deteriorating a performance of the ignition unit.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to a warning system for warning a lack of a working fluid of an engine. 
     One typical example of the conventional warning system for an industrial engine is disclosed in Japanese Patent (unexamined) publication 62(1987)-26379, for example. In this earlier attempt, the engine is stopped by a fluid level warning circuit electrically connected to an ignition device when a lack of the working fluid, for example, a lower limit of an oil level is detected. 
     Japanese patent (unexamined) Publication 62(1987)121833 teaches an attempt to provide a warning when an abnormality of an engine is detected. In the prior art, a warning device is connected in series with an engine abnormality detecting circuit and is supplied with an electric power by an ignition circuit. When an abnormality of the engine is detected, an electrical load for warning, such as a light emitting diode (hereinafter referred to as LED), is driven and the engine is stopped. 
     In small engines such as industrial engines (for utility), voltage is applied from a magneto to an ignition circuit. In this case, current which flows in the ignition circuit decreases when the LED is lit. This is because relatively large current is needed for lighting the LED. Thus, ignition energy for the ignition circuit decreases, so that hunting of the engine may take place. 
     For this reason, it is necessary to stop the engine simultaneously with the lighting of the LED when a lack of an engine oil is detected. However, when there is enough time until an engine trouble occurs after the engine oil decreases to a predetermined oil level, it is preferable not to stop the engine at once for continuing a work using the engine. 
     To overcome this problem, a separate power source such as a lighting coil may be provided other than the magneto, and the LED may be lit by the separate power source. However, the separate power source rather increases cost of the warning circuit. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a warning system for an engine, which system indicates a lack of a working fluid in the engine without stopping the engine when the working fluid decreases below a lower limit level during an operation of the engine. 
     It is another object of the present invention to provide a warning system for an engine, which system does not need any separate power source other than a magneto for driving an electric load for warning. 
     In view of these and other objects, the present invention provides a warning system for warning a lack of a working fluid for an engine of the type including an ignition means supplied with an ignition power supply from a magneto, comprising: sensing means for sensing the lack of the working fluid and producing a detection signal; warning means connected to the magneto for receiving a power supply to give a warning indicating the lack of the working fluid; and a controller responsive to the detection signal from the sensing means for actuating the warning means to provide the warning without deteriorating a performance of the ignition means. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     In the drawings: 
     FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a warning and stopping system of an engine according to the present invention; 
     FIG. 2 is a timing chart illustrating a warning lamp lighting mode and an engine stopping mode of the warning and stopping system of FIG. 1; 
     FIG. 3 is a graph showing a wave form of the ignition power source in FIG. 1; 
     FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a modified form of the warning and stopping system of FIG. 1; 
     FIG. 5 is a timing chart showing a warning lamp lighting mode and an engine stopping mode of the warning and stopping system of FIG. 4; and 
     FIG. 6 is a detailed circuitry of a part of the warning and stopping system of FIGS. 1 and 4 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     Referring to the drawings, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described. In the drawings, like reference numerals indicate corresponding parts throughout views and descriptions thereof are omitted after once given. 
     A warning and stopping circuit of an industrial engine according to the present invention is illustrated in FIG. 1, in which reference numeral 11 designates an ignition circuit. An ignition voltage VIG is supplied from a magneto 12 to the ignition circuit 11. The ignition circuit 11 is connected in parallel with a primary coil 13a of an ignition coil 13. A secondary coil 13b of the ignition coil 13 is connected to an ignition plug 14. 
     A warning and stopping circuit 15 is connected to the primary coil 13a of the ignition coil 13 in parallel with the ignition circuit 11. The warning and stopping circuit 15 is connected to a sensor 16 for sensing a lack of a working fluid such as an engine oil. 
     The warning and stopping circuit 15 includes a warning lamp lighting and engine stopping controller 17 which is connected to the magneto 12. The warning and stopping circuit 15 is further provided with a steady power supply circuit 18, a sensor control unit 19, a switching signal generator 20, a signal delaying unit 21 and a timer 22. 
     The controller 17 includes a mode switching unit 17a and a lighting and stopping unit 17b connected to the mode switching unit 17a. The lighting and stopping unit 17b is connected in parallel with the ignition circuit 11, and an LED 17c as a warning lamp is connected to the lighting and stopping unit 17b. 
     The steady power supply circuit 18 rectifies and smoothes the ignition voltage VIG and supplies a rectified and smoothed voltage to each part of the warning and stopping circuit 15. When the voltage of the steady power supply circuit 18 reaches a predetermined level and becomes stable after the engine starts, the timer 22 starts time delay operation. After the time delay operation is completed, a high level output signal TS is outputted from the timer 22 to the switching signal generator 20. 
     The sensor control unit 19 outputs a high level detection signal RL, for example, according to a detection signal DS from the sensor 16 when the oil level becomes below a lower limit level. 
     The detection signal RL is inputted to the switching signal generator 20 and the signal delaying unit 21. In response to the detection signal RL the switching signal generator 20 outputs a switching signal S to the mode switching unit 17a of the controller 17. 
     The detection signal RL is delayed by the signal delaying unit 21 and outputted as an actuating signal T to the lighting and stopping unit 17b. 
     The lighting and stopping unit 17b includes two operating modes: that is, a warning mode by lighting the LED 17c and an engine stopping mode by short-circuiting the ignition voltage VIG of the magneto 12. When the detection signal RL is inputted to the switching signal generator 20 before a high level output signal TS is received from the timer 22, the switching signal generator 20 produces a switching signal S, and in response to the switching signal S the mode switching unit 17a produces a mode switching signal MS to place the lighting and stopping unit 17b in the engine stopping mode. 
     In the case where the detection signal RL is inputted to the switching signal generator 20 when or after the high level output signal TS is Provided from the timer 22 to the switching signal generator 20, the LED lighting mode of the lighting and stopping unit 17b is established by the mode switching unit 17a. 
     The operation of the warning and stopping circuit 15 will be described with reference to the time chart of FIG. 2. 
     When the engine starts, the ignition voltage VIG is supplied from the magneto 12, and then when an engine speed reaches a predetermined speed, voltage rectified and smoothed by the steady power supply circuit 18 reaches a predetermined level and is stabilized over the predetermined level. Consequently, the timer 22 starts the time delay operation in which the timer 22 starts to count the time and produces the high level output signal TS after the predetermined time is lapsed. 
     When the sensor 16 detects a lack of an engine oil, for example, the detection signal DS is provided to the sensor control unit 19. Consequently, the sensor control unit 19 outputs a high level detection signal RL to both the switching signal generator 20 and the signal delaying unit 21 as illustrated by the broken line in FIG. 2. When the high level detection signal RL is provided to the switching signal generator 20 before the timer 22 outputs the high level output signal TS to the switching signal generator 20, the switching signal generator 20 outputs a switching signal S to the mode switching unit 17a so that the mode switching unit 17a outputs the mode switching signal MS to the lighting and stopping unit 17b to establish an engine stopping mode of the lighting and stopping unit 17b as also shown by the broken line in FIG. 2. In this event, the actuating signal T which is provided from the signal delaying unit 21 to the lighting and stopping unit 17b is delayed by a delay time Td sufficient to establish the engine stopping mode as also shown by the broken line. 
     By these operations, the ignition voltage VIG is shorted by the lighting and stopping unit 17b, so that the primary coil 13a of the ignition coil 13 drops below an ignition limit voltage. Thus, the engine is positively stopped without any malfunction. 
     On the other hand, when the engine oil reduces below a predetermined lower limit oil level after the switching signal generator 20 receives the high level output signal TS from the timer 22, the sensor control unit 19 outputs a high level detection signal RL to the switching signal generator 20. According to the detection signal RL, the switching signal generator 20 provides a switching signal S to the mode switching unit 17a, which accordingly outputs a mode switching signal MS to the lighting and stopping unit 17b to switch the lighting and stopping unit 17b to the LED lighting mode. In this event, the detection signal RL from the sensor control unit 19 is inputted to the lighting and stopping unit 17b through the signal delaying unit 21 with the delay time Td. Thus, the LED 17c positively lights without any malfunction. 
     The lighting and stopping unit 17b shifts the timing to short-circuit the ignition voltage VIG from an arc discharge region TIGC in an ignition region of the ignition voltage VIC to a glow discharge region TIGL following the arc discharge region as shown in FIG. 3. The arc discharge region TIGC and the glow discharge region TIGL are due to capacitive and inductive components, respectively. Thus, the ignition energy loss due to the lighting of the LED 17c is fairly small, and hence the lighting of the LED 17c does not deteriorate ignition performance of the ignition plug 14. Therefore, the LED 17c lights without stopping the engine when the engine oil decreases below the lower limit level after the timer 22 outputs the high level output signal TS. 
     When the predetermined lower limit oil level is set with a sufficient margin of safety, the warning and stopping circuit 15 enables the work using the engine to continue for a while. The warning and stopping circuit 15 provides less expensive construction than the conventional warning equipment. 
     The warning and stopping circuit 15 stops the engine when it is detected within a predetermined time interval after the engine starts that the amount of the working fluid is below a safety margin. Thus, the engine is stopped at once in the case where the engine is restarted without supplying the working fluid in spite of the warning being given. This prevents engine troubles from taking place. 
     The working fluid may be a cooling water. The warning may be given by an electrical load, such as an hour meter, in place of the LED 17c. 
     A modified form of the warning and stopping circuit 15 of FIG. 3 is illustrated in FIG. 4. In this modified warning and stopping circuit 25, a detection signal RL is inputted from the sensor control unit 19 to the timer 22 as well as the switching signal generator 20 and the signal delaying unit 21. 
     In response to the detection signal RL, the switching signal generator 20 outputs a high level switching signal S to the mode switching unit 17a before the switching signal generator 20 receives a high level output signal TS from the timer 22. As a result, the mode switching unit 17a outputs a mode switching signal MS to switch the lighting and stopping unit 17b to the LED lighting mode. In this mode, the lighting and stopping unit 17b receives an actuating signal T from the signal delaying unit 21 with a delay time Td and then lights the LED 17c. Also in this modified warning and stopping circuit 15, the lighting and stopping unit 17b shifts the timing to short the ignition voltage VIG from an ar discharge region TIGC in an ignition region of the ignition plug 14 to a glow discharge region TIGL to light the LED 17c as shown in FIG. 3. 
     The timer 22 outputs the high level output signal TS to the switching signal generator 20 in a predetermined interval after receiving the detection signal RL. According to the output signal TS, the switching signal generator 20 inverts the switching signal S to a low level. With the inverted switching signal S, the mode switching unit 17a switches the lighting and stopping unit 17b from the LED lighting mode to the engine stopping mode. Thus, the ignition voltage VIG is short-circuited to drop the primary coil 13a below an ignition voltage level, so that the engine is stopped. 
     In this modified warning and stopping circuit 25, the engine is always stopped in a predetermined time after a lack of a working fluid is detected. Thus, the warning and stopping circuit 25 positively prevents any abnormality of the engine from taking place. 
     FIG. 6 shows one example of a detailed circuitry of the ignition circuit 11 and the mode switching unit 17a and the lighting and stopping unit 17b of the controller 17 in FIGS. 1 and 4. When a low level signal for the stopping mode is applied to a base of a transistor TR in the mode switching unit 17a and a high level signal from the sensor control unit 19 is applied to a gate of a thyristor SCR2 in the lighting and stopping unit 17b, a high level signal is applied to a gate of a thyristor SCR1 in the lighting and stopping unit 17b at a timing of the arc discharge region so as to enable the engine to stop as mentioned above. On the other hand, when a high level signal for the lighting mode is supplied to the base of the transistor TR while the thyristor SCR2 is turned on, application of the high level signal to the gate of the thyristor SCR2 delays so that the ignition voltage is shorted at a timing of the glow discharge region. 
     LED 17c is lighted to indicate a lack of the working fluid. 
     While the presently preferred embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it is to be understood that these disclosures are for the purpose of illustration and that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims.