Abstract:
An ophthalmic device is configured to examine at least two eye characteristics including intraocular pressure, and the ophthalmic device includes: an examination optical system configured to obtain information of a subject&#39;s eye when the at least two eye characteristics of the subject&#39;s eye are examined; and an examination window configured to switch examinations of the at least two eye characteristics. The examination optical system is arranged outside of the examination window. The examination window is capable of rotating independently of the examination optical system. The examinations of the at least two eye characteristics are switched by rotation of the examination window.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
       [0001]    This application claims priority in Japanese Patent Application No. 2015-175264 filed on Sep. 7, 2015, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference into the present application. 
       TECHNICAL FIELD 
       [0002]    The present disclosure relates to an ophthalmic device configured to examine at least two eye characteristics including tonometry (i.e., intraocular pressure examination). 
       DESCRIPTION OF RELATED ART 
       [0003]    As an ophthalmic device that examines a plurality of eye characteristics for an eye to be examined (hereinafter, “a subject&#39;s eye”), a device that has a tonometry unit configured to measure intraocular pressure in non-contact and an eye refractive power measurement unit (hereinafter “eye refraction test unit”) configured to measure refractive power, and conducts measurements by switching between them is disclosed in for example, Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2013-230303. 
         [0004]    Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2013-230303 discloses, a configuration that has a first eye examination unit (e.g., tonometry) and a second eye examination unit (e.g., refraction test), and rotates a switching unit that includes an optical element (a mirror in the embodiment) shared by the two examination units to change an orientation of the optical element so as to switch optical paths to the first eye examination unit or the second eye examination unit. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0005]    In the configuration disclosed in Japanese Patent Application publication No. 2013-230303, the optical element disposed in the switching unit that rotates and shared for the two characteristics, for example, a mirror has its orientation changed in accordance with the rotation of the switching unit so that the optical paths are switched, thereby switching between the tonometry (the first eye examination unit) and the refraction test (the second eye examination unit). That is, the switching unit is rotated with a center of the mirror as a rotation axis. 
         [0006]    Due to this, in the configuration disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2013-230303 which rotates the switching unit around the center of the mirror, which is the shared optical element, as the rotation axis, there is a fear that a position displacement of the shared mirror might occur, leading to a displacement of a measurement optical axis and deteriorating accuracy of a targeted eye characteristic examination. 
         [0007]    In order to solve the above problem, an ophthalmic device disclosed herein is configured to examine at least two eye characteristics including intraocular pressure, the ophthalmic device comprising: an examination optical system configured to obtain examination information of a subjects eye when the at least two eye characteristics of the subject&#39;s eye are examined; and an examination window configured to switch examinations of the at least two eye characteristics. The examination optical system is arranged outside of the examination window. The examination window is capable of rotating independently of the examination optical system. The examinations of the at least two eye characteristics are switched by rotation of the examination window. 
         [0008]    As will be described in detail below, the examination window in the present disclosure does not have an optical element that is shared by a first eye examination unit and a second eye examination unit and changes the optical paths as in the Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2013-230303. Therefore, when the examinations of the eye characteristics are switched by rotating the examination window in the present disclosure, optical paths are not changed in the examination window. That is, because the examination window only rotates upon switching the examinations, switching the examinations can be conducted in a simple manner while suppressing the displacement, of the optical axis due to a rotation of the examination window. 
         [0009]    In the ophthalmic device disclosed herein, the examination window may comprise an inflow hole into winch air flows from outside of the examination window when the intraocular pressure is examined, and the examination window may be configured to rotate around a center axis of the inflow hole. 
         [0010]    By rotating the examination window around the air passage for the intraocular pressure as the rotation axis, the rotation of the examination window does not cause the air passage for the intraocular pressure to move, thereby enabling a stable amount of air to be puffed toward the subject&#39;s eye in the tonometry, and deterioration of examination accuracy can be prevented. 
         [0011]    In the ophthalmic device herein, the at least two eye characteristics may include a first eye characteristic and a second eye characteristic different from the first eye characteristic, the second eye characteristic being the intraocular pressure. The examination optical system may comprise: a first examination optical system used to examine the first eye characteristic; and a second examination optical system used to examine the second eye characteristic. The examination window may be capable of switching between a first state and a second state different from the first state. The first eye characteristic may be examined by using the examination window and the first examination optical system when the examination window is in the first state. The second eye characteristic may be examined by using the examination window and the second examination optical system when the examination window is in the second state. 
         [0012]    In the ophthalmic device herein, the examination optical system may comprise a common observation optical system configured to serve as: a first observation optical system configured to observe the subject&#39;s eye when the first eye characteristic is examined; and a second observation optical system configured to observe the subject&#39;s eye when the second eye characteristic is examined. 
         [0013]    In the ophthalmic device herein, the examination optical system may comprise a common index optical system (fixation optical system) configured to serve as: a first index optical system (fixation optical system) configured to cause the subject&#39;s eye to fixate when the first eye characteristic is examined, and a second index optical system (fixation optical system) configured to causes the subject&#39;s eye to fixate when the second eye characteristic is examined. 
         [0014]    In the ophthalmic device herein, the examination optical system may comprise a common alignment optical system configured to serve as a first alignment optical system configured to conduct alignment when the first eye characteristic is examined, and a second alignment optical system configured to conduct alignment when the second eye characteristic is examined. 
         [0015]    An observation optical system, an index optical system, and an alignment optical system are essential elements for examining an eye characteristic. One or more elements of these can be shared for several eye characteristics depending on what eye characteristic to be examined. In such a case, a whole optical system can be made compact by configuring the whole optical system so as to share one or more of these optical systems, as a result of which device miniaturization and cost reduction can be realized. 
         [0016]    According to the present disclosure, because the optical axis displacement and fluctuation in the amount of air in the tonometry, that often happen when switching the examinations of eye characteristics, are suppressed with a simple configuration, the switching of the examinations for at least two characteristics including a tonometry can be conducted promptly, resulting in the reduction of examination time and reducing load imposed upon a patient. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0017]      FIG. 1  is a schematic configuration diagram of a tonometry optical system  10  an ophthalmic device according to an embodiment of the present application; 
           [0018]      FIG. 2  is a schematic configuration diagram of an eye refraction test optical system  20  of the ophthalmic device according to the embodiment; 
           [0019]      FIG. 3A  is as cross sectional view of an examination window according to the embodiment (at time of tonometry); 
           [0020]      FIG. 3B  is a diagram viewing the examination window according to the embodiment from as subject&#39;s eye E side (at time of tonometry); 
           [0021]      FIG. 3C  is a cross sectional view of the examination window according to the embodiment (at time of eye refraction test); and 
           [0022]      FIG. 3D  is a diagram viewing the examination window according to the embodiment from the subject&#39;s eye E side (at time of eye refraction test); 
           [0023]      FIG. 4  is a block diagram of as control system of the ophthalmic device according to the embodiment of the present application; and 
           [0024]      FIG. 5  is a diagram which illustrates an operation flow of the ophthalmic device according to the embodiment of the present application. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0025]    With reference to the drawings, an ophthalmic device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will be described below. 
       Embodiment 
       [0026]      FIGS. 1 and 2  are diagrams which illustrate details of optical systems of an ophthalmic device  1  according to the present disclosure.  FIG. 1  is a diagram showing the optical systems at time of tonometry, and  FIG. 2  is a diagram showing the optical systems at time of eye refraction test. Then,  FIG. 3A-3D  are diagrams which describe details of an examination window  30 , and  FIG. 4  is a block diagram which illustrates an entire configuration of the ophthalmic device including a control system according to the embodiment of the present disclosure. With reference to these  FIGS. 1-4 , the ophthalmic device according to the embodiment of the present disclosure will be described below. 
         [0027]    As shown in  FIG. 4 , the ophthalmic device  1  comprises a head section  50  in which optical systems configured to examine a subject&#39;s eye E are disposed, and a main body  60  which is configured to control the optical systems and the like in the head section  50 , and comprises a monitor  650  etc. that displays a shot image of an anterior segment and an examination result. At a time of an examination, the head section  50  is moved, in X, V, and Z directions (side to side, up and down, and back and forth directions) relative to the main body  60  to examine the subject&#39;s eye E. 
       (Tonometry Optical System) 
       [0028]      FIG. 1  shows a whole optical system at a time of tonometry for the subject&#39;s eye E (tonometry optical system  10 ). The tonometry optical system  10  comprises: an alignment optical system  100  constituted from a light source  101  in profile sensors  107  and  108 ; an observation optical system  300  constituted from light sources  301  and  302  to a two-dimensional image sensor (CCD)  306 ; a fixation optical system  400  constituted from a light source  401  to a mirror  404 ; and an intraocular pressure optical system  200  constituted from a light source  201 , a nozzle  205  to a flat glass  206 , and configured to detect a degree of cornea deformation of the subject&#39;s eye. As shown in  FIG. 1 , each of the optical systems of the tonometry optical system  10  has a configuration in which a part of each of the optical systems is shared with the eye refraction test optical system  20 . Further, the examination window  30  is rotated so that the nozzle  205  for tonometry is set in position. 
       (Alignment Optical System  100 ) 
       [0029]    In the alignment optical system  100 , light from the light source  101  is reflected by a hot mirror  102 , passes through an objective lens  103 , and is reflected by a hot mirror  104 . Then, the light passes through the flat glass  206  and an opening of the nozzle  205 , and is irradiated to a cornea of the subject&#39;s eye E. In the present embodiment, an LED which emits infrared light is implemented as the light source  101 . 
         [0030]    Light reflected by the cornea is received by a lens  105  and the profile sensor  107  that are a first detection section, and a lens  106  and the profile sensor  108  that are a second detection section, wherein the first detection section and the second detection section are arranged symmetrically relative to a main optical axis O 1 . As shown in  FIG. 4 , signals obtained by the profile sensors  107  and  108  are processed in a controller  600  of the main body  60 , causing an XYZ drive control unit  630  to conduct an XYZ alignment (fine adjustment) of the head section  50  relative to the subject&#39;s eye E. Although described later, the alignment of the head section  50  relative to the subject&#39;s eye E is controlled, such that on examiner sees a bright spot of alignment light on an anterior segment image which is displayed on a monitor  650  and conducts a rough alignment by operating a joystick  640  provided in the main body  60 , and when the bright spot enters a predetermined range, upon which the XYZ drive control unit  630  is caused to conduct an XYZ automatic alignment. 
       (Observation Optical System  300 ) 
       [0031]    In the observation optical system  300  of  FIG. 1 , an anterior segment region of the subject&#39;s eye E including the cornea is irradiated by the light sources  301  and  302  which are disposed on a subject&#39;s eye E side of the head section  50 ; an image of the anterior segment of the subject&#39;s eye E is obtained by an objective lens  303 , an imaging lens  305 , and the two-dimensional image sensor (CCD)  306 ; and the obtained, anterior segment image of the subject&#39;s eye E is displayed on the monitor  650  (see  FIG. 4 ). Although an LED which emits infrared light is implemented as the light sources  301  and  302 , light whose wavelength is shorter than that of the alignment light source  101  is implemented. Accordingly, the hot mirror  104  allows the light for observation (observation light) to penetrate therethrough, and reflects the light for alignment (alignment light, light from the light source  101 ). Further, a wavelength range of a dichroic mirror  304  for reflection/penetration is set so as to allow the observation light to penetrate therethrough. Consequently, the alignment light and the observation light are appropriately separated, enabling each measurement to be conducted. 
       (Fixation Optical System  400 ) 
       [0032]    In the fixation optical system  400 , light from the light source  401  (fixation light) is reflected by a hot mirror  402 , passes through a relay lens  403 , and is reflected by the reflecting mirror  404 . Then, the light penetrates a hot mirror  506 , is reflected by the dichroic mirror  304 , travels along the main optical axis O 1 , passes through the objective lens  303  and the hot mirror  104 , and is formed into an image on the comes of the subject&#39;s eye E. Therefore, it is preferable that positions of the light source  401  and the cornea of the subject&#39;s eye E are approximately conjugate to each other. The subject&#39;s eye, E is caused to fixate according to the fixation light, enabling an examination of an eye characteristic such as tonometry. An LED which emits visible light which the subject can see is implemented as the light source  401 . 
       (Intraocular Pressure Optical System  200 ) 
       [0033]    In the intraocular pressure optical system  200 , a part of light from the light source  201  (deformation detecting light) penetrates a half mirror  202 . Then, the light penetrates the hot mirror  102  and the objective lens  103 , is reflected by the hot mirror  104 , travels along the main optical axis O 1 , passes through the flat glass  206  and the opening of the nozzle  205 , and is irradiated to the cornea of the subject&#39;s eye E. The light irradiated to the cornea is reflected by the cornea, and on a reverse route, i.e., passes through the opening of the nozzle  205  and the flat glass  206 , is reflected by the hot mirror  104 , and passes through the objective lens  103  and the hot mirror  102 . A part of the light is reflected by the half mirror  202 , and received at a light receiving element  204  by a condenser lens  203 . Although described later, at the time of tonometry, compressed air is puffed toward the cornea of the subject&#39;s eye E from the nozzle  205 . Since the cornea is displaced and deformed when the air is puffed thereto, an amount of light received by the light receiving element  204  changes. An intraocular pressure value of the subject&#39;s eye E is calculated according to a degree of a change in the amount of light. Although an LED which emits infrared light is also implemented as the light source  201 , light whose wavelength is longer than that of the observation light and shorter than that of the alignment light is selected and implemented. As such, by setting the wavelength of each of the alignment light, the observation light, the fixation light, and the deformation detecting light (the light from the light source  201 ), and setting reflection/penetration characteristics of the hot mirrors  102 ,  104 ,  506 , and  402  and the dichroic mirror  304  appropriately, of those four lights is configured to travel along a corresponding one of appropriate optical paths. 
       (Eye Refraction Test Optical System) 
       [0034]      FIG. 2  shows a whole optical system at a time of eye refraction test of the subject&#39;s E (eye refraction test optical system  20 ). The eye refraction test optical system  20  comprises: the alignment optical system  100  constituted from the light source  101  to the profile sensors  107  and  108 ; the observation optical system  300  constituted from the light sources  301  and  302  to the two-dimensional image sensor (CCD)  306 ; the fixation optical system $ 00  constituted from fixation target  512  to a light source  514 , a relay lens  403 , and a mirror  404 : and an eye refractive power optical system  500  constituted from a light source  501  to a flat glass  511 , and configured to detect an eye refractivity of the subject&#39;s eye E. As shown in  FIG. 2 , each of the optical systems of the eye retraction test optical system  20  has a configuration in which a part of each of the optical systems is shared with the tonometry optical system  10 . Further, the examination window  30  is rotated so that the flat glasses  510  and  511  for eye refraction test are set in position. 
         [0035]    Since the alignment optical system  100  and the observation optical system  300  are the same as those at the time of tonometry described above, the descriptions will be omitted herein. The fixation optical system  400  is partially different from that at the time of tonometry, and hence it will be described below. 
       (Fixation Optical System  400 : Eye Refraction Test) 
       [0036]    When eye refraction test is conducted, the light source  401  which was used tonometry is turned off, and the light source  514 , which is another light source, is turned on. Light from the light source  514  is turned into parallel light in a collimator lens  513  and is irradiated to the fixation target  512 . The light from the fixation target  512  penetrates the hot mirror  402  and the relay lens  403 . Then, the light is reflected by the mirror  404 , penetrates the hot mirror  506 , is reflected by the dichroic mirror  304 , travels along the main optical axis O 1 , penetrates the objective lens  303 , the hot mirror  104 , and the flat glasses  511  and  510 , and is formed into an image on the retina of the subject&#39;s eye E. Therefore, is preferable that positions of the fixation target  512  and the retina of the subject&#39;s eye E are approximately conjugate to each other. The subject&#39;s eye E is fixated according to the fixation target  512 . When the eye refraction test is conducted, a fixation target section (the fixation target  512 , the collimator lens  513 , and the light source  514 ) is moved by a fixation target control unit  680  (see  FIG. 4 ) so as to once make positions of the fixation target and the retina of the subject&#39;s eye E approximately conjugate to each other to fixate the subject&#39;s eye E. Thereafter, the fixation target section is moved for a predetermined distance to create as fogging state, and the eye refractive power is examined. Therefore, the fixation target section is movable back and forth along its optical axis according to a signal from the controller  600  (see  FIG. 4 ). An LED which emits visible light which the subject can see and whose wavelength is shorter than that of the light source  401  is implemented as the light source  514 . 
       (Eye Refractive Power Optical System  500 ) 
       [0037]    In the eye refractive power optical system  500 , light from the light source  501  (reflector light) is condensed in a condenser lens  502 , is reflected by the mirror  503 , passes through a hole located at a center of a holed mirror  504 , and penetrates a parallel flat glass  505  which is disposed aslant relative to an optical axis O 2  and rotates about the optical axis O 2  by a driver which is not shown. Then, the light is reflected by the hot mirror  506  and the dichroic mirror  304 , travels along the optical axis O 1 , penetrates the objective lens  303 , the hot mirror  104 , and the flat glasses  511  and  510 , and is irradiated to the retina of the subject&#39;s eye E. Then, reflected light from the retina of the subject&#39;s eye E, on a route reverse to the irradiation route, penetrates the flat glasses  510  and  511 , the hot mirror  104  and the objective lens  303 , is reflected by the dichroic mirror  304  and the hot mirror  506 , travels along the optical axis O 2 , and penetrates the parallel flat glass  505 . Then, the light, is reflected by the holed mirror  504 , and after penetrating a lens  507 , is formed into an image in a form of a ring (ring image) by a ring lens  508  in a two-dimensional image sensor (CCD)  509 . As the light source  501 , infrared light whose wavelength is longer than that of the alignment light (the light source  101 ) and the observation light (the light sources  301  and  302 ) is implemented. Although an SLD (superluminescent diode) having a wavelength of 870 nm is implemented in the present embodiment, the light source  501  is not limited to the SLD, and the LED which is implemented as the light source  101 , etc. and a laser diode (LD) may be implemented. 
         [0038]    Here, the parallel flat glass  505  is disposed at a position where the parallel flat glass  505  and a pupil of the subject&#39;s eye E are conjugate to each other. When the reflector light (the light from the light source  501 ) enters the parallel flat glass  505  disposed aslant relative to the optical axis O 2 , the light is refracted and deviated for a predetermined distance (e.g., Δ H) relative to the optical axis O 2 . As described above, since the parallel flat glass  505  rotates about the optical axis O 2 , the reflector light which penetrates the parallel flat glass  505  rotates with a radius of Δ H at a position of the parallel flat glass  505 . Since the parallel flat glass  505  is disposed at the position which makes the parallel flat glass  505  and the position of the pupil of the subject&#39;s eye E conjugate to each other, the reflector light is irradiated on the retina of the subject&#39;s eye, while rotating with a predetermined (constant) radius (e.g., Δ h) at the position of the pupil of the subject&#39;s eye E. Therefore, the reflector light is formed on the retina of the subject&#39;s eye E into a circular image whose size and shape are determined according to the refractive power of the subjects eye E. Since the CCD  509  is disposed at a position which makes the CCD  509  and the retina of the subjects eye E conjugate to each other, by analyzing the ring image obtained in the CCD  509 , the refractive power of the subject&#39;s eye E can be measured. 
       (Examination Window  30 ) 
       [0039]    With reference to  FIGS. 3A to 3D , the examination window  30  will be described.  FIGS. 3A to 3D  are diagrams which illustrate details of the examination window  30  according to the present embodiment.  FIGS. 3A and 3C  show the examination window  30  at the time of tonometry, and  FIGS. 3B and 3D  show the examination window  30  at the time of eye refraction test.  FIGS. 3A and 3B  are each a cross sectional view of the examination window  30  seen from a lateral side, and  FIGS. 3C and 3D  each are a view of the examination window  30  from the subject&#39;s eye E. As Shown in  FIGS. 3A and 3B , the examination window  30  is constituted of the nozzle  205  and the flat glass  206  which are set in position at the time of tonometry, and the flat glasses  510  and  511  which are set in position at the time of eye refraction test. Further, the examination window  30  is provided with an inflow hole  30   a  into which air flows. As shown in  FIG. 3C , the examination window  30  is connected to a cylinder  38  via a bearing  34  and a tube  36 . The inflow hole  30   a,  the bearing  34 , and the tube  36  are in communication with each other. Due to thus, a cylinder control unit  620  controls to move a piston  40  within the cylinder  38  by using a solenoid net shown for example, such that compressed air flows from the cylinder  38  through the tube  36 , bearing  34 , and inflow hole  30   a  to enter the nozzle  205  and the air is puffed toward the cornea of the subject&#39;s eye E. As shown in  FIGS. 3C and 3D , a rotation mechanism  32  is coupled to the examination window  30 . Operation of the rotation mechanism  32  is controlled by an examination window control unit  610  (see  FIG. 4 ). The examination window  30  is configured to rotate around a center axis A of the inflow hole  30   a  by the rotation mechanism  32  disposed on right and left sides of the examination window  30 . Notably, a center axis of air passage of an flowing from the inflow hole  30   a  and a center axis of the bearing  34  coincide with the center axis A of the inflow hole  30   a.    
         [0040]    As shown in  FIGS. 3A to 3D , since the nozzle  205  and the flat glass  206  are set in position at the time of tonometry ( FIGS. 3A and 3C ), and the flat glasses  510  and  511  are set in position at the time of eye refraction test ( FIGS. 3B and 3D ), none of the optical elements are shared in each of the examinations in the examination window  30 . Further, there is no change of optical path by the rotation of the examination window  30  for switching the examinations. Therefore, even if a position of an optical element in the examination window  30  is displaced by the rotation of the examination window  30 , an effect of the position displacement can be suppressed. 
         [0000]    (Operation flow) 
         [0041]      FIG. 5  illustrates an operation flow of the ophthalmic device according to the present embodiment. Notably, in the present embodiment, the eye refraction test as the first examination and the tonometry as the second examination are conducted. Notably, the examinations are initiated by operation of a touch panel  660  (see  FIG. 4 ). 
         [0042]    In S 10 , in order to conduct the eye refraction test as the first examination, the examination window  30  is rotated so as to set the flat glasses  510  and  511  in position as shown in  FIG. 2  and  FIG. 3B and 3D  (first examination mode). If the examination window  30  has already been disposed in the state for the eye refraction test,  810  is omitted. 
         [0043]    In S 12 , the eye refraction test being the first examination is started. Although not shown in the operation flow, at tins occasion, the observation light sources  301 ,  302 , and the alignment light source  101 , the fixation target light source  514  and the eye refraction test light source  501  are lighted. 
         [0044]    In S 14 , the head section  50  is moved by using a Joystick  640  such that a right eye of a patient is displayed on the monitor  650 . Then the head section  50  is roughly aligned in X, Y, and Z directions so as to include the bright spot on the cornea in a predetermined area. 
         [0045]    In S 16 , the fixation target  512  causes the right eye to fixate. In case of the eye refraction test, the refractive power is measured also at this occasion, and the fixation target section ( 512  to  514 ) is moved such that the fixation target  512  is positioned to conjugate with the retina of the subject&#39;s eye E based on the obtained value of eye refractive power. Thus, the subject&#39;s eye E is fixated. 
         [0046]    In S 18 , an alignment state is detected by signals obtained by the profile sensor  107  and the profile sensor  108 , and the detection result is used for the XYZ control unit  630  within the main body to perform the XYZ alignment of the head section  50 . 
         [0047]    Once the XYZ alignment has been complete, the measurement is started in S 20 . In case of the eye refraction test, the measurement of eye refractive power is conducted after, in order to set the subject&#39;s eye E in an open state, the fixation target part ( 512  to  514 ) is moved along the optical axis for a predetermined distance to create a fogging state. 
         [0048]    In S 22 , the measured value, is stored in a memory  670 . 
         [0049]    In S 24 , determination is made in regards to whether both the fell and right eyes have been examined. When the right eye has only been examined, in S 28 , the head section  50  is moved to a left eye side, similarly to the right eye, the refractive power of the left eye is measured in S 18  to S 22  and the measured value is stored in the memory  670 . 
         [0050]    Upon completion of the measurement for both the left and right eyes, in S 26 , determination is made in regards to whether the tonometry being the second examination has been finished. 
         [0051]    When the tonometry being the second examination has not been finished, in S 30 , the examination window  30  is rotated such that the nozzle  205  and the plane glass  206  are positioned as shown in  FIG. 1  and  FIGS. 3A and 3C  (second examination mode). In S 32 , the tonometry being the second examination is started. Here, although not shown in the operation flow, the fixation light source  514  used for the eye refraction test is extinguished, and instead the fixation light source  401  is lighted. 
         [0052]    In S 14 , similarly to the eye refraction test, the head section  50  is moved by using the joystick  640  such that the right eye of the subject is displayed on the monitor  650 . Then the head section  50  is roughly aligned in the X, Y, and Z directions so as to include the bright spot on the cornea generated by the alignment light in a predetermined area. 
         [0053]    In S 16 , the fixation light from the light source  401  causes the subject&#39;s eye E to fixate. 
         [0054]    in S 18 , similarly to the eye refraction test, the alignment state is detected from signals Obtained by the profile sensors  107  and  108 , the detected result is used for the XYZ drive control unit  630  within the main body  60  to perform XYZ alignment of the head section  50 . 
         [0055]    Upon completion of the XYZ alignment, in S 20 , the measurement is started. As described above, the light from the light source  201  is irradiated onto the cornea of the subject&#39;s eye E, and its reflected light is received by the light receiving element  204 . Then, the cylinder control unit  620  controls the piston  40  within the cylinder  38  shown in  FIG. 3C  to be activated, air compressed within the cylinder  38  enters an air passage of the examination window  30  via the tube  36  and the inflow hole  30   a,  and the air is puffed through the nozzle  205  toward the cornea of the subject&#39;s eye E. The puffed air causes the cornea to displace and deform, changing the amount of light received by the light receiving element  204  (the puffed air flattens the cornea, increasing the amount of light received by the light receiving element  204 ). Time required for a light receiving signal obtained in the light receiving element  204  to become a predetermined value is measured, and in S 22 , the measured value is stored in the memory  670 . Because an intraocular pressure value is in correlation with the time taken from when the air is puffed until the light receiving signal becomes the predetermined value, the intraocular pressure value of the subject&#39;s eye E can be estimated from the stored measured value (i.e., time). 
         [0056]    In S 24 , similarly to the eye refraction test whether both the left and right eyes have been measured is determined. When the right eye only has been measured, in S 28 , the head section  50  is moved to the left eye side, the tonometry is conducted for the left eye in S 18  to S 22  similar to the right eye, and its result is stored in the memory  670 . 
         [0057]    When the measurements for the left and right eyes have been finished, in S 26 , whether the tonometry being the second examination has been finished is determined. When the tonometry being the second examination has been finished, the whole measurement is finished. 
         [0058]    Notably, in the above embodiment, the first examination is the eye refraction test, and the second examination is the tonometry, however, this does not imply any limitation, and the two examinations can be vice versa. Further, both the first and second examinations may not necessarily be conducted, only one examination may be conducted. An examination that is necessary may be suitably determined, and conducted. In the embodiment, the examination is started with the right eye, however, the examination may be started with the left eye, or only one eye may be examined. 
         [0059]    While specific examples of the present disclosure have been described above in detail, these examples are merely illustrative and specific descriptions place no limitation on the scope of the patent claims. It should be understood that the present disclosure may be performed in aspect(s) which includes various changes, modifications, improvements based on knowledge of those skilled in the art. It should also be understood that any and all such changes, modifications, and improvements which do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure are therefore covered by and embraced within the present disclosure. 
         [0060]    Although in the embodiment, the refractive power test is conducted as the first examination, the first examination is not limited to this. For example, a kerato optic system may be disposed, the kerato optic system being configured by arranging a plurality of light sources along a circumference with a predetermined radius in the examination window  30  on a subject&#39;s eye E side, to irradiate a plurality of light beams circumferentially onto the cornea of the subject&#39;s eye E and measure a curvature radius of the cornea based on a plurality of bright spots that are irradiated on the cornea by using the two-dimensioned imaging element (CCD)  306  in the observation optical system. Further, the kerato optic system may be added to the refractive power optic system, and, the refraction test and the kerato examination may be performed for the first examination. In addition, by disposing a topocone that examines a cornea shape, instead of the kerato optic system, and a cornea shape map (topomap) may h generated instead of a kerato value, and displayed on the monitor  650 .