Abstract:
This invention, the Motor-wing Gimbal Aircraft (MGA) is an aerial vehicle and waterborne craft. It launches and lands vertically from the ground and water. In flight, it transitions from vertical, hovering and forward flight to horizontal flight. The MGA embodies multiple configurations and arrangements of motor-wings, propulsion systems and hybrid engine combinations. The MGA uses a fly-by-light system for flight maneuvering and controlling the motorized multi-axis gimbal cockpit. The MGA uses cellular communications together with the Global Positioning System (GPS) for navigation, collision avoidance and restricted airspace avoidance. The MGA uses visible lights to signal its elevation and flight maneuvers. The MGA is constructed of modular apparatuses and assemblies that are interchangeable and work in concert to power and maneuver the vehicle. This invention includes: the method of construction, the method of control, the method of visual light signaling, the method of electronic mapping of airspace (EMA) and the method of navigation. This invention includes flight operation applications and military applications.

Description:
REFERENCES 
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         [0002]    Other Publications
   Aeronautical Information Manual: December 2015; U.S. Department of Transportation/Federal Aviation Administration; Chapter 3. Airspace.   
 
       SUMMARY 
       [0004]    The present invention brings together a number of prior works to create a piloted aerial vehicle that is versatile, easy to operate and safe to fly. The Motor-wing gimbal aircraft (MGA) launches from and lands on most terrains and waterways. It can conduct flight operations from mobile platforms on the ground, water and in the air. It can dock with other MGAs in flight for refueling and fly in contact formation. While joined, the formation flies as one vehicle controlled by a single pilot. While in flight, the MGA uses lights to signal its flight maneuvers to other aerial vehicles. The MGA&#39;s pilot controls are fashioned after those used in computer gaming. This invention includes the method for electronically mapping airspace. This method divides unrestricted airspace into shelves reserved for vehicles flying in a particular heading. In addition, it surrounds objects, physical geography and natural occurring obstructions with two types of digital shields. The navigation system recognizes them. It will warn the pilot of approaching danger or restricted airspace and will act to avoid collisions or trespassing. 
       BRIEF HISTORY 
       [0005]    The MGA is inspired by, and a product of, the advancements in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). It represents a logical step forward in evolving UAVs into piloted aerial vehicles. UAVs have demonstrated their abilities for being stable platforms for payloads. Cameras have been mounted on them using gimbal assemblies. Here, the MGA uses a multi-axes gimbal assembly to accommodate the pilot. It keeps the pilot in a level position while conducting flight maneuvers. The pilot may elect to rotate their position within the gimbal assembly during flight. The multi-axes gimbal assembly allows the pilot to remain in a level position while transitioning from forward flight to horizontal flight. Horizontal flight allows the MGA to cruise at higher speeds. 
     
    
     
       DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES 
         [0006]      FIG. 1 : Depicts the MGA in vertical, hovering or forward flight. 
           [0007]      FIG. 2 : Depicts the MGA in horizontal flight. 
           [0008]      FIG. 3 : Depicts the top view of the MGA in the ground start position. 
           [0009]      FIG. 4 : Depicts the front view of the MGA. 
           [0010]      FIG. 5 : Depicts the top view of the MGA&#39;s structural frame assembled. 
           [0011]      FIG. 6 : Depicts the bottom view of the MGA&#39;s structural frame disassembled. 
           [0012]      FIG. 7 : Depicts the top view of the cockpit apparatus. 
           [0013]      FIG. 8 : Depicts the bottom view of the cockpit apparatus. 
           [0014]      FIG. 9 : Depicts the top view of the cockpit apparatus with the upper canopy assembly in the open position. 
           [0015]      FIG. 10 : Depicts the bottom view of the seat platform assembly. 
           [0016]      FIG. 11 : Depicts the top view of the seat platform assembly. 
           [0017]      FIG. 12 : Depicts the motion of the gimbal assembly. 
           [0018]      FIG. 13 : Depicts a view of the gimbal assembly. 
           [0019]      FIG. 14 : Depicts a view of the motorized pivot assembly attached to the airframe structure. 
           [0020]      FIG. 15 : Depicts a section detail through the motorized pivot assembly. 
           [0021]      FIG. 16 : Depicts the gimbal and seat platform assemblies within the airframe structure assembly in the ground start position. 
           [0022]      FIG. 17 : Depicts the gimbal and seat platform assemblies within the airframe structure assembly in the horizontal flight start position. 
           [0023]      FIG. 18 : Depicts the bottom view of the airframe apparatus. 
           [0024]      FIG. 19 : Depicts the top view of the airframe apparatus. 
           [0025]      FIG. 20 : Depicts a view of the airframe apparatus with a section of airframe modular panels removed. 
           [0026]      FIG. 21 : Depicts a typical section detail through the airframe apparatus. 
           [0027]      FIG. 22 : Depicts the bottom view of motor-wing no.1 with c-wing extension deployed. 
           [0028]      FIG. 23 : Depicts the top view of motor-wing no.1 with c-wing extension retracted. 
           [0029]      FIG. 24 : Depicts a view of the c-wing assembly with a section of the c-wing modular panels removed. 
           [0030]      FIG. 25 : Depicts a typical section detail through the c-wing assembly. 
           [0031]      FIG. 26 : Depicts a section detail through the c-wing assembly at the gill module. 
           [0032]      FIG. 27 : Depicts a section detail through the c-wing at the female docking assembly. 
           [0033]      FIG. 28 : Depicts a section detail through the c-wing at the male docking assembly. 
           [0034]      FIG. 29 : Depicts a section detail through the c-wing at the extender assembly. 
           [0035]      FIG. 30 : Depicts a propeller quill rotating clockwise. 
           [0036]      FIG. 31 : Depicts a propeller quill rotating counter-clockwise. 
           [0037]      FIG. 32 : Depicts the upper safety grate assembly. 
           [0038]      FIG. 33 : Depicts the lower safety grate assembly. 
           [0039]      FIG. 34 : Depicts the right hand controller. 
           [0040]      FIG. 35 : Depicts the left hand controller. 
           [0041]      FIG. 36 : Depicts the touch-pad display assembly. 
           [0042]      FIG. 37 : Depicts the touch-pad display screen. 
           [0043]      FIG. 38 : Depicts the navigation display assembly. 
           [0044]      FIG. 39 : Depicts the navigation display screen. 
           [0045]      FIG. 40 : Depicts the view of the battery/fuel cells in the motor-wing and airframe apparatuses. 
           [0046]      FIG. 41 : Depicts the view of the fuel tanks/bladders in the motor-wing and airframe apparatuses. 
           [0047]      FIG. 42 : Depicts the view of the light-bracelet module. 
           [0048]      FIG. 43 : Depicts the top view of the light-bracelet assembly. 
           [0049]      FIG. 44 : Depicts two gimbal rings. 
           [0050]      FIG. 45 : Depicts one gimbal ring. 
           [0051]      FIG. 46 : Depicts the c-wing modules arranged and overlapped in a stacked configuration. 
           [0052]      FIG. 47 : Depicts the airframe modules arranged and overlapped in a stacked configuration. 
           [0053]      FIG. 48 : Depicts a two propeller assembly. 
           [0054]      FIG. 49 : Depicts a four propeller assembly. 
           [0055]      FIG. 50 : Depicts a five propeller assembly. 
           [0056]      FIG. 51 : Depicts a diagonal arrangement of propeller assemblies in a four motor-wing configuration. 
           [0057]      FIG. 52 : Depicts a parallel arrangement of propeller assemblies in a four motor-wing configuration. 
           [0058]      FIG. 53 : Depicts a diagonal arrangement of propeller assemblies in a six motor-wing configuration. 
           [0059]      FIG. 54 : Depicts a parallel arrangement of propeller assemblies in a six-motor-wing configuration. 
           [0060]      FIG. 55 : Depicts a pulse-jet quill assembly. 
           [0061]      FIG. 56 : Depicts a rocket quill assembly. 
           [0062]      FIG. 57 : Depicts a turbine quill assembly. 
           [0063]      FIG. 58 : Depicts a wheel landing gear assembly. 
           [0064]      FIG. 59 : Depicts a pad landing gear assembly. 
           [0065]      FIG. 60 : Depicts a ball landing gear assembly. 
           [0066]      FIG. 61 : Depicts a propeller propulsion petroleum powered quill assembly and a propeller propulsion electric powered quill assembly hybrid arrangement. 
           [0067]      FIG. 62 : Depicts a propeller propulsion petroleum powered quill assembly and a turbine quill assembly hybrid arrangement. 
           [0068]      FIG. 63 : Depicts a turbine quill assembly and pulse-jet quill assembly hybrid arrangement. 
           [0069]      FIG. 64 : Depicts a propeller propulsion electric powered quill assembly and a rocket quill assembly hybrid arrangement. 
           [0070]      FIG. 65 : Depicts one cockpit apparatus, one airframe apparatus and two motor-wing apparatuses and two non-powered quill assemblies. 
           [0071]      FIG. 66 : Depicts two cockpit apparatuses, two airframe apparatuses and four motor-wing apparatuses. 
           [0072]      FIG. 67 : Depicts one cockpit apparatus, two cargo container apparatuses, three airframe apparatuses and six motor-wing apparatuses. 
           [0073]      FIG. 68 : Depicts two cockpit apparatuses, two airframe apparatuses, four non-powered quill assemblies and one motor-wing apparatus with a counter-rotating propeller quill. 
           [0074]      FIG. 69 : Depicts control stations locations. 
           [0075]      FIG. 70 : Depicts the logic diagram of the fly-by light wireless control system. 
           [0076]      FIG. 71 : Depicts the pilot interface flight control diagram. 
           [0077]      FIG. 72 : Depicts launch, vertical flight and hovering flight. 
           [0078]      FIG. 73 : Depicts forward flight. 
           [0079]      FIG. 74 : Depicts horizontal flight. 
           [0080]      FIG. 75 : Depicts left turn. 
           [0081]      FIG. 76 : Depicts right turn. 
           [0082]      FIG. 77 : Depicts downwards flight. 
           [0083]      FIG. 78 : Depicts upwards flight. 
           [0084]      FIG. 79 : Depicts air braking. 
           [0085]      FIG. 80 : Depicts air-shelf signal mode. 
           [0086]      FIG. 81 : Depicts tilt signal mode. 
           [0087]      FIG. 82 : Depicts ascent/descent mode. 
           [0088]      FIG. 83 : Depicts turn signal mode. 
           [0089]      FIG. 84 : Depicts rotate signal mode. 
           [0090]      FIG. 85 : Depicts docking signal mode. 
           [0091]      FIG. 86 : Depicts launch and land signal modes. 
           [0092]      FIG. 87 : Depicts restricted airspace, unrestricted airspace, warning shields, ground zones and air shelves within the air column. 
           [0093]      FIG. 88 : Depicts warning and action shields surrounding a structure. 
           [0094]      FIG. 89 : Depicts warning and action shields surrounding a power line. 
           [0095]      FIG. 90 : Depicts warning and action shields surrounding a landing pad. 
           [0096]      FIG. 91 : Depicts warning and action shields surrounding a landing pad atop a structure. 
           [0097]      FIG. 92 : Depicts warning and action shields surrounding a road way. 
           [0098]      FIG. 93 : Depicts warning and action shields surrounding a bridge. 
           [0099]      FIG. 94 : Depicts warning and action shields surrounding a mountain range, 
           [0100]      FIG. 95 : Depicts warning and action shields surrounding a canyon. 
           [0101]      FIG. 96 : Depicts warning and action shields surrounding a waterway. 
           [0102]      FIG. 97 : Depicts warning and action shields surrounding a forest. 
           [0103]      FIG. 98 : Depicts warning and action shields surrounding a MGA. 
           [0104]      FIG. 99 : Depicts warning and action shields surrounding an aerial vehicle. 
           [0105]      FIG. 100 : Depicts warning and action shields surrounding a MGA carrier. 
           [0106]      FIG. 101 : Depicts warning and action shields surrounding a waterborne craft. 
           [0107]      FIG. 102 : Depicts warning and action shields surrounding an automobile. 
           [0108]      FIG. 103 : Depicts warning and action shields surrounding a train. 
           [0109]      FIG. 104 : Depicts warning and action shields surrounding a thunderstorm. 
           [0110]      FIG. 105 : Depicts warning and action shields surrounding a tornado. 
           [0111]      FIG. 106 : Depicts warning and action shields surrounding a fire. 
           [0112]      FIG. 107 : Depicts warning and action shields surrounding a volcano. 
           [0113]      FIG. 108 : Depicts the launch, flight and land sequences of manual and automatic navigation modes. 
           [0114]      FIG. 109 : Depicts the MGA land and launch from a flat ground surface. 
           [0115]      FIG. 110 : Depicts the MGA land and launch from a sloped ground surface. 
           [0116]      FIG. 111 : Depicts the MGA land and launch from an uneven ground surface. 
           [0117]      FIG. 112 : Depicts the MGA land and launch between structures. 
           [0118]      FIG. 113 : Depicts the MGA land and launch between trees. 
           [0119]      FIG. 114 : Depicts the MGA land and launch from a waterway. 
           [0120]      FIG. 115 : Depicts the MGA land, float and launch from a trepid waterway. 
           [0121]      FIG. 116 : Depicts the MGA overturning on a wave. 
           [0122]      FIG. 117 : Depicts the MGA overturned and afloat on a waterway. 
           [0123]      FIG. 118 : Depicts the MGA in contact formation with multiple MGAs. 
           [0124]      FIG. 119 : Depicts the MGA conducting flight operations off a mobile land platform. 
           [0125]      FIG. 120 : Depicts the MGA conducting flight operations off a mobile waterborne platform. 
           [0126]      FIG. 121 : Depicts the MGA conducting flight operations off a mobile airborne platform. 
           [0127]      FIG. 122 : Depicts a ground surface or waterway surface rescue mission. 
           [0128]      FIG. 123 : Depicts a ledge rescue mission. 
           [0129]      FIG. 124 : Depicts a waterway rescue mission. 
           [0130]      FIG. 125 : Depicts a hauling mission. 
           [0131]      FIG. 126 : Depicts an in-flight emergency. 
       
    
    
     LIST OF DRAWINGS AND MASTER KEYNOTES LIST 
       [0000]    
       
         Drawing  1 : Illustrates views of the MGA in flight.
       Keynotes:  0100  not used,  0101  not used and  0102  MGA.   
     
         Drawing  2 : Illustrates top and front views of the MGA.
       Keynotes:  0200  not used,  0201  not used,  0202  cockpit apparatus,  0203  airframe apparatus,  0204  motor-wing no.1 apparatus,  0205  motor-wing no.2 apparatus,  0206  motor-wing no.3 apparatus and  0207  motor-wing no.4 apparatus.   
     
         Drawing  3 : Illustrates the top and bottom views of the MGA&#39;s structural fame.
       Keynotes:  0300  not used,  0301  not used,  0302  airframe structure assembly,  0303  motor-wing structure assembly,  0304  airframe c-channel,  0305  airframe arm,  0306  motor-wing ring,  0307  motor-wing arm,  0308  strut,  0309  motor-mount,  0310  quill body,  0311  motor-wing c-channel, and  0312  airframe ring.   
     
         Drawing  4 : Illustrates top and bottom views of the cockpit apparatus.
       Keynotes:  0400  not used,  0401  not used,  0402  not used,  0403  not used,  0404  seat platform assembly,  0405  gimbal assembly,  0406  hull assembly,  0407  upper canopy assembly,  0408  vent,  0409  plug, and  0410  hinge.   
     
         Drawing  5 : Illustrates top and bottom views of the seat platform assembly.
       Keynotes:  0500  not used,  0501  not used,  0502  bench seat assembly,  0503  console,  0504  platform,  0505  navigation display assembly,  0506  touch-pad display assembly,  0507  platform support ring,  0508  cargo hold hatch,  0509  power supply unit,  0510  environmental control system,  0511  right hand controller,  0512  left hand controller,  0513  accelerator foot pedal,  0514  brake pedal and  0515  master computer/navigation system.   
     
         Drawing  6 : Illustrates the gimbal assembly.
       Keynotes:  0600  not used,  0601  not used,  0602  not used,  0603  not used,  0604  inner gimbal ring,  0605  middle gimbal ring,  0606  outer gimbal ring,  0607  motorized pivot assembly,  0608  housing,  0609  cover plate,  0610  communicating LED module,  0611  bearing plate,  0612  controller,  0613  motor,  0614  electrical contact ring,  0615  shaft,  0616  drive wheel and  0617  spacer plate.   
     
         Drawing  7 : Illustrates the gimbal and seat platform assemblies within the airframe structure assembly.
       Keynotes: not used.   
     
         Drawing  8 : Illustrates the top and bottom views of the airframe apparatus.
       Keynotes:  0800  not used,  0801  not used,  0802  airframe modular panel assembly,  0803  wench assembly,  0804  camera,  0805  railing assembly, and  0806  emergency parachute assembly.   
     
         Drawing  9 : Illustrates a view and detail of the airframe apparatus.
       Keynotes:  0900  not used,  0901  not used,  0902  airframe top module,  0903  airframe middle module,  0904  airframe bottom module,  0905  airframe top sleeve module,  0906  airframe middle sleeve module,  0907  airframe bottom sleeve module,  0908  airframe access module,  0909  buoyant material,  0910  battery/fuel cell,  0911  fuel tank/bladder,  0912  wire harness,  0913  fuel line and  0914  fuel pump.   
     
         Drawing  10 : Illustrates top and bottom views of motor-wing no.1.
       Keynotes:  1000  not used,  1001  not used,  1002  c-wing modular panel assembly,  1003  gill,  1004  male docking assembly,  1005  female docking assembly,  1006  extender assembly,  1007  c-wing extension,  1008  air turbulence ports,  1009  ailerons,  1010  light-bracelet assembly, and  1011  ladder.   
     
         Drawing  11 : Illustrates a view and details of the c-wing assembly.
       Keynotes:  1100  not used,  1101  not used,  1102  not used,  1103  light-bracelet cover,  1104  c-wing access module,  1105  c-wing middle module,  1106  c-wing bottom module,  1107  c-wing bottom sleeve module,  1108  c-wing middle sleeve module,  1109  not used,  1110  not used,  1111  gill actuator and  1112  gill module.   
     
         Drawing  12 : Illustrates details of the c-wing assembly.
       Keynotes:  1200  not used,  1201  not used,  1202  not used,  1203  docking housing,  1204  electromagnet,  1205  upper extender housing,  1206  lower extender housing,  1207  mounting bracket, and extender actuator  1208 .   
     
         Drawing  13 : Illustrates the quill assemblies.
       Keynotes:  1300  not used,  1301  not used,  1302  not used,  1303  not used,  1304  not used,  1305  quill body,  1306  clockwise propeller assembly,  1307  propeller nose cone,  1308  propeller landing gear assembly,  1309  counter-clockwise propeller assembly,  1310  clockwise propeller quill assembly, and  1311  counter-clockwise propeller quill assembly   
     
         Drawing  14 : Illustrates the safety grate assemblies.
       Keynotes:  1400  not used,  1401  not used,  1402  upper safety grate assembly,  1403  wire grating,  1404  tubing structure, and  1405  lower safety grate.   
     
         Drawing  15 : Illustrates the hand controllers.
       Keynotes:  1500  not used,  1501  not used,  1502  right hand rollerball,  1503  left hand controller housing,  1504  ground start position button,  1505  horizontal flight start position button,  1506  controller arm,  1507  left hand programmable button,  1508  right hand controller housing,  1509  flight transition button,  1510  autopilot button,  1511  right hand programmable button,  1512  touch-and-go button,  1513  docking button,  1514  level button,  1515  left hand roller ball,  1516  right click button,  1517  left click button,  1518  not used and  1519  hover button.   
     
         Drawing  16 : Illustrates the touch-pad display assembly.
       Keynotes:  1600  not used,  1601  not used,  1602  touch-pad display housing,  1603  articulating arm,  1604  touch-pad display screen,  1605  pilot orientation and compass window,  1606  keypad window,  1607  variable window,  1608  side screen window,  1609  motor-wing gage window,  1610  cockpit gage window,  1611  computer operating system sub-window,  1612  environmental controls sub-window,  1613  cockpit lighting control sub-window,  1614  cockpit camera sub-window,  1615  camera system sub-window,  1616  programmable sub-window,  1617  motor-wing no.1 gages,  1618  motor-wing no.2 gages,  1619  motor-wing no.3 gages,  1620  motor-wing no.4 gages,  1621  cockpit power level gage, and  1622  airframe power level gage.   
     
         Drawing  17 : Illustrates the navigation display assembly.
       Keynotes:  1700  not used,  1701  not used,  1702  navigation display housing,  1703  navigation display screen,  1704  power button,  1705  main navigation window,  1706  flight instruments window,  1707  tracking and orientation layer,  1708  airspace and ground zone map layer,  1709  satellite image map layer,  1710  weather layer,  1711  downward camera layer,  1712  road and street map layer,  1713  destination points and landing pads layer,  1714  flight path layer,  1715  programmable layer,  1716  view scale and compass layer,  1717  tracking trail,  1718  piloted MGA icon,  1719  landing pad icon,  1720  other MGA icon,  1721  other aerial vehicle icon,  1722  other aerial vehicle tracking trail,  1723  heading indicator,  1724  attitude indicator,  1725  turn coordinator,  1726  altimeter,  1727  air speed indicator,  1728  vertical speed indicator,  1729  GPS ground and air coordinates,  1730  ground speed indicator, and  1731  destination icon.   
     
         Drawing  18 : Illustrates the power and distribution system.
       Keynotes: not used.   
     
         Drawing  19 : Illustrates the fuel distribution system.
       Keynotes: not used.   
     
         Drawing  20 : Illustrates the light-bracelet assembly.
       Keynotes:  2000  not used,  2001  not used,  2002  LED light module,  2003  white LED,  2004  red LED,  2005  blue LED,  2006  green LED and  2007  yellow.   
     
         Drawing  21 : Illustrates the number and arrangement of the gimbal, airframe and c-wing assemblies.
       Keynotes: not used.   
     
         Drawing  22 : Illustrates the number and arrangement of the propeller assembly.
       Keynotes:  2200  not used,  2201  not used,  2202  not used,  2203  not used,  2204  not used,  2205  not used,  2206  not used,  2207  two propeller assembly,  2208  four propeller assembly  2209  five propeller assembly,  2210  diagonal propeller assembly arrangement and  2211  parallel propeller assembly arrangement.   
     
         Drawing  23 : Illustrates the types of quill and landing gear assemblies.
       Keynotes:  2300  not used,  2301  not used,  2302  not used,  2303  not used,  2304  not used,  2305  not used,  2306  wheel landing gear assembly,  2307  wheel assembly,  2308  ball landing gear assembly,  2309  ball assembly,  2310  turbine nose cone,  2311  turbine landing gear assembly,  2312  pulse-jet nose cone,  2313  pulse-jet landing gear assembly,  2314  rocket nose cone,  2315  rocket landing gear assembly,  2316  turbine quill assembly,  2317  pulse-jet quill assembly,  2318  rocket quill assembly,  2319  landing leg and  2320  landing pad.   
     
         Drawing  24 : Illustrates hybrid motor-wing arrangements.
       Keynotes:  2400  not used,  2401  not used,  2402  not used,  2403  not used,  2404  propeller propulsion petroleum powered quill assembly and  2405  propeller propulsion electric powered quill assembly.   
     
         Drawing  25 : Illustrates MGA configurations.
       Keynotes:  2500  not used,  2501  not used, and  2502  non-powered quill.   
     
         Drawing  26 : Illustrates MGA configurations.
       Keynotes:  2600  not used,  2601  not used,  2602  counter-rotating propeller quill,  2603  motor-wing no.5,  2604  motor-wing no.6 and  2605  cargo container.   
     
         Drawing  27 : Illustrates a view of control stations locations and the diagram of the fly-by-light wireless control system.
       Keynotes:  2700  not used,  2701  not used,  2702  not used,  2703  satellite,  2704  aerial vehicle,  2705  building,  2706  waterborne craft,  2707  automobile,  2708  person,  2709  MGA fleet carrier,  2710  pilot input controls,  2711  cockpit displays,  2712  computer system,  2713  controller, 2714 apparatus, assembly or component,  2715  sensor, and  2716  control station input controls and displays.   
     
         Drawing  28 : Illustrates the pilot interface flight controls.
       Keynotes: not used.   
     
         Drawing  29 : Illustrates launch, vertical flight, hovering flight, forward flight and horizontal flight.
       Keynotes: not used.   
     
         Drawing  30 : Illustrates maneuvers in horizontal flight.
       Keynotes: not used.   
     
         Drawing  31 : Illustrates light-bracelet signal modes.
       Keynotes:  3100  not used,  3102  not used,  3103  light-ball and  3104  air-shelf light-ball set.   
     
         Drawing  32 : Illustrates light-bracelet signal modes.
       Keynotes:  3200  not used,  3201  not used,  3202  not used,  3203  not used,  3204  horizon light-ball set,  3205  roll light-ball set,  3206  rotate light-ball set,  3207  male light-ball set,  3208  female light-ball set and  3209  launch/land light-ball set.   
     
         Drawing  33 : Illustrates an example of the air column and ground surface.
       Keynotes:  3300  not used,  3301  restricted air space,  3302  air column,  3303  air-shelf N,  3304  air-shelf E,  3305  air-shelf W,  3306  air-shelf S,  3307  air-shelf X,  3308  airspace warning shield,  3309  ground surface,  3310  ground zone 1, 3311 ground zone 2, and  3312  ground zone 3.   
     
         Drawing  34 : Illustrates examples of the warning and action shields surrounding static manmade objects.
       Keynotes:  3400  not used,  3401  not used,  3402  not used,  3403  not used,  3404  not used,  3405  not used,  3406  warning shield,  3407  action shield,  3408  structure,  3409  power line,  3410  landing pad,  3411  road way, and  3412  bridge.   
     
         Drawing  35 : Illustrates examples of the warning and action shields surrounding static natural objects
       Keynotes:  3500  not used,  3501  not used,  3502  not used,  3503  not used,  3504  mountain range,  3505  canyon,  3506  waterway and  3507  forest.   
     
         Drawing  36 : Illustrates examples of warning and action shields surrounding dynamic manmade objects.
       Keynotes:  3600  not used,  3601  not used,  3602  not used,  3603  not used,  3604  not used,  3605  not used, and  3606  train.   
     
         Drawing  37 : Illustrates examples of the warning and action shields surrounding dynamic natural objects.
       Keynotes:  3700  not used,  3701  not used,  3702  not used,  3703  not used,  3704  thunderstorm,  3705  tornado,  3706  fire, and  3707  volcano.   
     
         Drawing  38 : Illustrates the method of navigation.
       Keynotes:  3800  not used,  3801  startup mode,  3802  flight plan revision mode,  3803  shield contact mode,  3804  docking mode,  3805  identified landing pad mode and  3806  unidentified landing zone mode.   
     
         Drawing  39 : Illustrates the launch and land venues.
       Keynotes:  3900  not used,  3901  not used,  3902  not used,  3903  not used,  3904  not used, and  3905  tree.   
     
         Drawing  40 : Illustrates Flight operations.
       Keynotes:  4000  not used,  4001  not used,  4002  not used,  4003  not used,  4004  not used, and  4005  wave.   
     
         Drawing  41 : Illustrates MGA flight operations.
       Keynotes:  4100  not used,  4101  not used,  4102  not used,  4103  mobile land platform,  4104  mobile water platform and  4105  mobile air platform.   
     
         Drawing  42 : Illustrates MGA flight operations missions.
       Keynotes:  4200  not used,  4201  not used,  4202  not used,  4203  not used,  4204  not used,  4205  cable,  4206  ledge,  4207  cargo container and  4208  emergency parachute.   
     
       
     
         [0216]    General Statement 
         [0217]    This statement applies to all information, embodiments, methods and applications described and illustrated herein. The following detailed descriptions and illustrations are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. The present invention may be practiced without some or all of these specific details. In other instances, well known process operations, materials and assemblies which have not been described or illustrated in detail do not unnecessarily obscure the present invention. While the invention will be described in conjunction with the specific embodiments, it will be understood that it is not intended to limit the invention to the embodiments described herein. Practices and knowledge of the state of the art in the respected fields are employed to create this invention. 
         [0218]    Unless specifically identified, the materials, mechanisms and methods of attachment used to make and assemble components, assemblies and apparatuses described and illustrated are those utilized within the standards of those respective industries. In most instances, the words, “component”, “assembly” or “apparatus” are omitted for clarity and conciseness. 
         [0219]    Keynotes: 
         [0220]    A four-digit keynote numbering system is used in this Document. It is used in the drawings, figures and text for reference, and to describe components, assemblies, apparatuses, sections, details, diagrams and views within an associated drawing, figure or description for clarity. If a keynote is used within the text without its definition, refer to the Master Keynotes List. If a conflict exists between the keynote text and the keynote number used within the text, the keynote number take precedence. Refer to the Master Keynote list for correct text. Bold numeric text is used for highlight. The keynote&#39;s first two numbers refer to a specific drawing. The second two numbers refer to the specific component, assembly, apparatus, section, detail, diagram or view within the drawing or figure, (e.g. keynote  1903 =Drawing  19  component  03 ). The same number may appear on several drawings or figures and are used for reference to another component, assembly, apparatus, section, detail, diagram or view on another drawing or figure. In the event that a specific keynote text is “not used” the number remains in the Master Keynote List as a place holder. Not every apparatus, assembly or component is marked with a keynote. The keynote is typical for similar items. 
       Definitions 
       [0221]    Apparatus: The whole functioning machine consisting of assemblies and components working together to perform a particular act. 
         [0222]    Assembly: A group of components working together forming a self-contained unit working for a purpose. 
         [0223]    Component: A constituent part of an assembly to make it work. 
         [0224]    Forward Flight: The act of moving forward through the air column utilizing the thrust generated by the motor-wings&#39; propulsion systems where the MGA&#39;s motor-wings are parallel to the ground surface. 
         [0225]    Horizontal Flight: The act of moving forward in the air column utilizing the thrust generated by the motor-wings&#39; propulsion systems and the lift generated by the c-wings where the MGA&#39;s motor-wings are perpendicular to the ground surface. 
         [0226]    Hovering Flight: The act of maintaining a geo-synchronistic position in the air. 
         [0227]    Vertical Flight: The act of moving vertically through the air column utilizing the thrust generated by the motor-wings&#39; propulsion systems where the MGA&#39;s motor-wings are parallel to the ground surface. 
         [0228]    Abbreviations: 
         [0229]    AGL: Above ground level 
         [0230]    C-wing: Cylindrical-wing 
         [0231]    EMA: Electronic Map of Airspace 
         [0232]    Fig.: Figure 
         [0233]    GPS: Global Positioning System 
         [0234]    LED: Light Emitting Diode. 
         [0235]    MGA: Motor-wing Gimbal Aircraft 
         [0236]    V2L: Vertical Launch and Land 
       DESCRIPTION 
       [0237]    MGA: 
         [0238]    The MGA is a heavier-than-air V2L vehicle that is airborne and waterborne. It uses downward thrust from its motor-wing apparatuses for vertical, hovering and forward flight. It uses forward thrust from its motor-wing apparatuses and lift from its c-wings to transition from forward flight to horizontal flight. In flight; the pilot, passenger and contents rotate within the cockpit apparatus along multiple axes to a preferred orientation. Each apparatus carries its own power system, fuel system, communication system, control system, and computer/navigation system. U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,973,862 B2; 9,296,477 B1; 5,115,996; 8,322,648 B2; 8,453,962 B2; 9,085,355 B2 and 6,886,776. 
         [0239]    Drawing  1 : 
         [0240]    Illustrates views of the MGA in flight.  FIG. 1  depicts the MGA  0102  in vertical, hovering and forward flight.  FIG. 2  depicts the MGA  0102  in horizontal flight. 
         [0241]    Drawing  2 : 
         [0242]    Illustrates top and front views of the MGA.  FIG. 3  depicts the top view of the MGA in the ground start position.  FIG. 4  depicts the front view of the MGA. MGA  0102  consist of: cockpit apparatus  0202 , airframe apparatus  0203 , motor-wing no.1 apparatus  0204 , motor-wing no.2 apparatus  0205 , motor-wing no.3 apparatus  0206 , and motor-wing no.4 apparatus  0207 . The ground start position is where MGA  0102  is on the ground and oriented accordingly: the pilot is level to the ground and faces forward; cockpit apparatus  0202  and airframe apparatus  0203  are level with the motor-wing apparatuses and motor-wing no.1  0204  is on the pilot&#39;s left forward side. The motor-wing apparatuses are numbered in the following clockwise order: motor-wing no.2  0205 ; motor-wing no.3  0206 ; and motor-wing no.4  0207 . 
         [0243]    Structural Frame: 
         [0244]    The structural frame withstands the forces acting upon the MGA during flight operations. The forces include: aerodynamic forces, thrust and torque forces from the motors and impact forces. The motor-wing and airframe structure assemblies are modular and interchangeable. Components within each assembly are welded or molded together to form a unitized piece. U.S. Pat. No. 8,322,648 B2. 
         [0245]    Drawing  3 : 
         [0246]    Illustrates the top and bottom views of the MGA&#39;s structural frame.  FIG. 5  depicts the top view of the MGA&#39;s structural frame assembled. It consists of: airframe structure assembly  0302  and motor-wing structure assemblies  0303 .  FIG. 6  depicts the bottom view of the MGA&#39;s structural frame disassembled. Airframe structure assembly  0302  consists of: airframe c-channel  0304 , airframe arm  0305  and airframe ring  0312 . Motor-wing structure assembly  0303  consists of components: motor-wing ring  0306 , motor-wing arm  0307 , strut  0308 , motor-mount  0309 , quill body  0310  and motor-wing c-channel  0311 . Access ports are arrayed around  0304  and  0311 . Access ports are incorporated into  0308  and  0310 . 
         [0247]    Cockpit Apparatus: 
         [0248]    The cockpit apparatus works under the principles of a multi-axis gimbal. The pilot, passenger and contents rotate along multiple axes within the cockpit apparatus. U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,797,054 and 6,708,943 B2. 
         [0249]    Drawing  4 : 
         [0250]    Illustrates top and bottom views of the cockpit apparatus.  FIG. 7  depicts the top view of cockpit apparatus  0202 . It highlights vent  0408  and upper canopy assembly  0407 .  FIG. 8  depicts the bottom view of cockpit apparatus  0202 . It highlights plug  0409  and hull assembly  0406 .  FIG. 9  depicts the top view of cockpit apparatus  0202  with the upper canopy assembly  0407  in the open position. The cockpit apparatus  0202  consists of: seat platform assembly  0404 , gimbal assembly  0405 , hull assembly  0406 , upper canopy assembly  0407 , vent  0408 , plug  0409  and hinge  0410 .  0405  and  0406  are attached to outer gimbal ring  0606 . Hinge  0410  is attached to motorized pivot assembly  0607  and allows the opening of upper canopy assembly  0407 .  0406  and  0407  are made of a clear material to allow unrestricted views outside the cockpit apparatus. 
         [0251]    Drawing  5 : 
         [0252]    Illustrates top and bottom views of the seat platform assembly.  FIG. 10  depicts the bottom view of seat platform assembly  0404 .  FIG. 11  depicts the top view of seat platform assembly  0404 .  0404  consists of: bench seat assembly  0502 , console  0503 , platform  0504 , navigation display assembly  0505 , touch-pad display assembly  0506 , platform support ring  0507 , cargo hold hatch  0508 , power supply unit  0509 , environmental control system  0510 , right hand controller  0511 , left hand controller  0512 , accelerator foot pedal  0513 , brake pedal  0514  and master computer/navigation system  0515 .  0404  is attached to inner gimbal ring  0604 . 
         [0253]    Drawing  6 : 
         [0254]    Illustrates the gimbal assembly. Gimbal rings are molded or welded to motorized pivot assemblies making unitized pieces. The gimbal rings are attached to one another by two motorized pivot assemblies placed opposite of each other. This restricts the rotational movement between any two gimbals along a single axis. The gimbal rings are sized to allow clear passage of each other while rotating along their respective axes and remain independent of the rotation of its support.  FIG. 12  depicts the motion of gimbal assembly  0405  in pitch, yaw and roll within airframe structure assembly  0302 .  FIG. 13  depicts a view of the gimbal assembly  0405 . Inner gimbal ring  0604  is attached to middle gimbal ring  0605  by motorized pivot assembly  0607 .  0605  is attached to outer gimbal ring  0606  by  0607 .  FIG. 14  depicts a view of motorized pivot assembly  0607  attached to airframe structure  0302 .  FIG. 15  depicts a section detail of motorized pivot  0607 .  0607  is a shaft and bearing combination that allows restricted movement along a single axis.  0607  consists of: housing  0608 , cover plate  0609 , communicating LED module  0610 , bearing plate  0611 , controller  0612 , motor  0613 , electrical contact ring  0614 , shaft  0615 , drive wheel  0616  and spacer plate  0617 . Electrical current passes from one gimbal ring to another via electrical contact ring  0614 . 
         [0255]    Drawing  7 : 
         [0256]    Illustrates the gimbal and seat platform assemblies within the airframe structure assembly.  FIG. 16  depicts the gimbal and seat platform assemblies within the airframe structure assembly in the ground start position.  FIG. 17  depicts the gimbal and seat platform assemblies within the airframe structure assembly in the horizontal flight start position. Here, the pilot is level to the ground. 
       Other Embodiments 
       [0257]    Canopy assemblies  0406  and  0407  are attached to inner gimbal ring  0604 .  0406  and  0407  are attached to middle gimbal ring  0605 .  0406  and  0407  are attached to airframe apparatus  0203 . Environmental control system  0510  pressurizes cockpit apparatus  0202 . 
         [0258]    Airframe Apparatus: 
         [0259]    The airframe apparatus supports the cockpit and motor-wing apparatuses. It carries a wench assembly for flight missions and deploys an emergency parachute for in-flight emergencies. U.S. Pat. No. 9,290,267. 
         [0260]    Drawing  8 : 
         [0261]    Illustrates the top and bottom views of the airframe apparatus.  FIG. 18  depicts the bottom view of the airframe apparatus.  FIG. 19  depicts the top view of the airframe apparatus. Airframe apparatus  0203  consists of: airframe structure assembly  0302 , airframe modular panel assembly  0802 , wench assembly  0803 , camera  0804 , railing assembly  0805 , emergency parachute assembly  0806  and communicating LED module  0610 . 
         [0262]    Drawing  9 : 
         [0263]    Illustrates a view and detail of the airframe apparatus.  FIG. 20  depicts a view of the airframe apparatus with a section of airframe modular panels removed. It reveals the construction of the airframe apparatus. Airframe modular panel assembly  0802  consists of: airframe top module  0902 , airframe middle module  0903 , airframe bottom module  0904 , airframe top sleeve module  0905 , airframe middle sleeve module  0906 , airframe bottom sleeve module  0907 , and airframe access module  0908 .  FIG. 21  depicts a typical section detail through the airframe apparatus. It highlights buoyant material  0909 , battery/fuel cell  0910 , fuel tank/bladder  0911 , wire harness  0912 , fuel line  0913 , and fuel pump  0914 .  0909  fills part of the cavity of  0904 . 
       Other Embodiments 
       [0264]    Additional wench assemblies  0803  attached to the airframe structure. Additional rail assemblies  0805  attached to the airframe structure for mounting other assemblies (e.g. a trolling motor). 
         [0265]    Motor-Wing Apparatus: 
         [0266]    The motor-wings work under the principles of rotary wing aircraft and cylindrical wings. The aircraft is kept stable by gyroscopic and counter-rotating effects of elements rotating around the shafts of its respective motor-wing apparatuses. The motor-wing apparatuses provide thrust in vertical, hovering and forward flight. They provide thrust and lift in horizontal flight. The c-wing varies its shape providing different aerodynamic characteristics during horizontal flight. The quills are interchangeable, accommodating various propulsion and engine types. The motor-wings accommodate a number of landing gear assemblies and safety equipment for soils conditions and mission types respectively. The motor-wing incorporates a light bracelet assembly that automatically signals elevation and flight maneuvers to other aircraft. The motor-wing incorporates docking ports for contact flight formation maneuvers. U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,151,674; 6,048,245 and 6,462,927. 
         [0267]    Drawing  10 : 
         [0268]    Illustrates top and bottom views of motor-wing no.1. The other motor-wings are similar.  FIG. 22  depicts the bottom view of motor-wing no.1 with c-wing extension  1007  deployed.  FIG. 23  depicts the top view of motor-wing no.1 with c-wing extension  1007  retracted. Motor-wing apparatus no.1  0204  consists of: motor-wing structure assembly  0303 , c-wing modular panel assembly  1002 , gill  1003 , male docking assembly  1004 , female docking assembly  1005 , extender assembly  1006 , c-wing extension  1007 , air turbulence ports  1008 , ailerons  1009 , light-bracelet assembly  1010 , and ladder  1011 . 
         [0269]    Drawing  11 : 
         [0270]    Illustrates a view and details of the c-wing assembly. The c-wing assembly acts as a wing and propeller shield.  FIG. 24  depicts a view of the c-wing assembly with a section of the c-wing modular panels removed.  FIG. 25  depicts a typical section detail through the c-wing assembly. C-wing assembly  1002  consists of: c-wing extension  1007 , light-bracelet cover  1103 , c-wing access module  1104 , c-wing middle module  1105 , c-wing bottom module  1106 , c-wing bottom sleeve module  1107 , c-wing middle sleeve module  1108 , wire harness  0912 , fuel line  0913 , fuel pump  0914 , motor-wing ring  0306 , motor-wing c-channel  0311 , buoyant material  0909 , battery/fuel cell  0910  and fuel tank/bladder  0911 .  FIG. 26  depicts a section detail through the c-wing assembly at the gill module. Gill module  1112  consists of gill  1003  and gill actuator  1111 .  1003  act as air brakes and trim tabs. 
         [0271]    Drawing  12 : 
         [0272]    Illustrates details of the c-wing assembly.  FIG. 27  depicts a section detail through the c-wing at the female docking assembly.  FIG. 28  depicts a section detail through the c-wing at the male docking assembly.  FIG. 29  depicts a section detail through the c-wing at the extender assembly. Female docking assembly  1005  consists of: docking housing  1203 , electromagnet  1204 , camera  0804  and controller  0612 . Male docking assembly  1004  consists of: docking housing  1203 , electromagnet  1204 , camera  0804  and controller  0612 . Extender assembly  1006  consists of: mounting brackets  1207 , lower extender housing  1206 , upper extender housing  1205  and extender actuator  1208 . Camera  0804  aligns with other MGA&#39;s docking assembly during docking procedures. 
         [0273]    Drawing  13 : 
         [0274]    Illustrates the quill assemblies. Different engine types are mounted to motor-mount  0309 . Engine and struts  0308  are not shown for clarity. The quills are interchangeable.  FIG. 30  depicts a propeller quill rotating clockwise. Clockwise propeller quill assembly  1310  consists of: quill body  1305 , clockwise propeller assembly  1306 , propeller nose cone  1307 , motor-mount  0309 , and propeller landing gear assembly  1308 .  FIG. 31  depicts a propeller quill rotating counter-clockwise. Counter-clockwise propeller quill assembly  1311  consists of: quill body  1305 , counter-clockwise propeller assembly  1309 , propeller nose cone  1307 , motor-mount  0309 , and propeller landing gear assembly  1308 . Quill body  1305  accommodates access panels. 
         [0275]    Drawing  14 : 
         [0276]    Illustrates safety grate assemblies. The safety grates act as propeller shrouds.  FIG. 32  depicts the upper safety grate assembly. Upper safety grate assembly  1402  consists of: wire grating  1403  and tubing structure  1404 .  FIG. 33  depicts the lower safety grate assembly. Lower safety grate assembly  1405  consists of: wire grating  1403  and tubing structure  1404 . 
       Other Embodiments 
       [0277]    Variable pitch propellers for propeller assembly  1310  and  1311 . Propeller assemblies  1310  and  1311  auto-gyrate when not in use and are connected to generators or alternators to recharge power supplies in the MGA. 
         [0278]    Pilot Input Controls and Displays System: 
         [0279]    The pilot inputs commands through the hand controllers, display screens and foot pedals to operate the MGA and gimbal assembly. U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,222,179 B1 and 9,344,622 B2. 
         [0280]    Drawing  15 : 
         [0281]    Illustrates the hand controllers. The left hand controller maneuvers the gimbal assembly. The right hand controller maneuvers the MGA. 
         [0282]    Right Hand Controller: 
         [0283]      FIG. 34  depicts the right hand controller  0511 .  0511  controls the direction of the MGA in pitch, yaw and roll. Right hand controller  0511  consists of: LED communicating module  0610 , right hand rollerball  1502 , controller arm  1506 , right hand controller housing  1508 , flight transition button  1509 , autopilot button  1510 , right hand programmable button  1511 , touch-and-go button  1512 , docking button  1513 , right click button  1516 , left click button  1517 , and hover button  1519 . The sensitivity of rollerball  1502  is adjustable. 
         [0284]    Left Hand Controller: 
         [0285]      FIG. 35  depicts the left hand controller  0512 .  0512  controls the orientation of seat platform assembly  0404 . Left hand controller  0512  consists of: left hand rollerball  1515 , left hand controller housing  1503 , ground start position button  1504 , Horizontal flight start position button  1505 , controller arm  1506 , left hand programmable button  1507 , level button  1514  and communicating LED module  0610 . Rollerball  1515  engages gimbal assembly  0405  and moves platform assembly  0404  in direct response to the pilot&#39;s commands. The sensitivity of rollerball  1515  is adjustable. 
         [0286]    Accelerator foot pedal  0513  increases and decreases the speed of the MGA. Power button  1704  turns the MGA on and off. Brake pedal  0514  engages the air brakes. 
         [0287]    Drawing  16 : 
         [0288]    Illustrates the touch-pad display assembly. The touch-pad display screen consists of windows and sub-windows. Sub-windows slide over to fill the larger variable window.  FIG. 36  depicts the touch-pad display assembly. Touchpad display assembly  0506  consists of: touch-pad display housing  1602 , articulating arm  1603 , touch-pad display screen  1604 , communicating LED module  0610  and camera  0804 . 
         [0289]    Touch-Pad Display Screen: 
         [0290]      FIG. 37  depicts the touch-pad display screen  1604 .  1604  consists of: pilot orientation and compass window  1605 , keypad window  1606 , variable window  1607 , side screen window  1608 , motor-wing gage window  1609  and cockpit gage window  1610 . Sub-windows consist of: computer operating system sub-window  1611 , environmental controls sub-window  1612 , cockpit lighting control sub-window  1613 , cockpit camera sub-window  1614 , camera system sub-window  1615  and programmable sub-windows  1616  (e.g. wench assembly controls window). Keypad window  1606  consists of a computer keyboard. Motor-wing gage window  1609  consists of: motor-wing no.1 gages  1617 , motor-wing no.2 gages  1618 , motor-wing no.3 gages  1619 , and motor-wing no.4 gages  1620 . Motor-wing gages include: power levels, fuel levels, tachometers and temperature levels. Cockpit gage window  1610  consists of: cockpit power level gage  1621  and airframe power level gage  1622 . Arrow in pilot orientation and compass screen  1605  indicates north. 
         [0291]    Drawing  17 : 
         [0292]    Illustrates the navigation display assembly.  FIG. 38  depicts the navigation display assembly.  FIG. 39  depicts the navigation display screen. The navigation display assembly assists the pilot in navigating through airspace. Navigation display assembly  0505  consists of: navigation display housing  1702 , navigation display screen  1703 , power button  1704 , communicating LED module  0610  and camera  0804 . 
         [0293]    Navigation Display Screen: 
         [0294]      FIG. 39  depicts the Navigation display screen  1703 .  1703  consists of: main navigation window  1705  and flight instruments window  1706 . The information displayed on main navigation window  1705  is shown as transparent overlays. They have different opacity levels for clarity. They are registered at the same scale and the scale can vary (e.g. from a one mile radius to a five mile radius). The layers can be turned on and off. Layers displayed on main navigation window  1705  include: tracking and orientation layer  1707 , airspace and ground-zone map layer  1708 , satellite image map layer  1709 , weather layer  1710 , downward camera layer  1711 , road and street map layer  1712 , destination points and landing pads layer  1713 , flight path layer  1714  and programmable layer  1715 . Layers  1708 ,  1709 ,  1710 ,  1711  and  1715  are not shown in  FIG. 39  for clarity. The tracking and orientation layer  1707  depicts and tracks aerial vehicles and their corresponding dynamic warning shields  3406 . They are represented as screen icons: tracking trail  1717 , piloted MGA icon  1718 , landing pad icon  1719 , other MGA icon  1720 , other aerial vehicle icon  1721  and other aerial vehicle tracking trail  1722 . The tracking and orientation layer  1707  depicts a view scale and compass. 
         [0295]    Flight Instruments Window: 
         [0296]    Flight instruments window  1706  includes: heading indicator  1723 , attitude indicator  1724 , turn coordinator  1725 , altimeter  1726 , air speed indicator  1727 , vertical speed indicator  1728 , GPS ground and air coordinates  1729  and ground speed indicator  1730 .  1725  displays barometric and AGL measurements. 
       Other Embodiments 
       [0297]    Rollerballs  1502  and  1515  can be joysticks or buttons. 
         [0298]    Power and Distribution System: 
         [0299]    The MGA receives and produces electrical power. It receives electrical power from battery/fuel cells arrayed and placed within the middle module located in the airframe and motor-wing apparatuses. The Battery is reenergized from electrical current received from recharging stations or from generators, or alternators, associated with motor-wing types having rotating shafts. Fuel cells can be recharged from gas (e.g. Hydrogen or natural gas). The power is conditioned according to the requirements of the assemblies and components being energized. Wire harnesses contain the wiring within each apparatus. The cavities within the airframe structure, motor-wing structure and gimbal assembly serve as raceways. The power distribution system is connected amongst the airframe and motor-wings. A disconnect is used when attaching the motor-wings to the airframe. The MGA recharges while airborne during docking procedures through the docking assemblies. 
         [0300]    Drawing  18 : 
         [0301]    Illustrates the power and distribution system.  FIG. 40  depicts the view of the battery/fuel cells in the motor-wing and airframe apparatuses. The power distribution system consists of: battery/fuel cell  0910  and wire harness  0912 .  FIG. 15  depicts a section detail through the motorized pivot assembly. It highlights electrical contact ring  0614  that transfers electrical current across the motorized pivot assembly. 
         [0302]    Fuel and Distribution System: 
         [0303]    The type of fuel used in the MGA is dependent on the type of engine used in the motor-wing apparatuses. There are two types of fuels used in the MGA: petroleum based and non-petroleum based products. Petroleum based fuels (e.g. aviation gasoline or jet fuel) comply with the engine manufacturer&#39;s specifications. Non-petroleum fuels include: electric energy produced from batteries or fuel cells, energy produce directly from gas (e.g. hydrogen) or energy produced from liquid or solid propellants. Fuel tanks/bladders are arrayed and placed within the airframe middle module and the c-wing middle module. The cavity within the airframe structure and the c-wing structure serve as raceways. Fuel lines connect the fuel tanks/bladders and deliver fuel to the engine via fuel pumps. The fuel distribution system is connected amongst the airframe and motor-wings. A fuel line disconnect is used when attaching the motor-wings to the airframe. The fuel pumps are located within the middle module of the c-wings and airframe, and quills. The MGA can refuel while airborne during docking procedures through the docking assemblies. 
         [0304]    Drawing  19 : 
         [0305]    Illustrates the fuel distribution system.  FIG. 41  depicts the view of the fuel tanks/bladders in the motor-wing and airframe apparatuses. The fuel distribution system consists of: fuel tank/bladder  0911 , fuel line  0913  and fuel pump  0914 . 
         [0306]    Lighting Systems: 
         [0307]    Lighting systems include general purpose lighting for the cockpit interior and signal lighting. General purpose interior lights are integrated in the motorized pivots along the pilot&#39;s side surface of the gimbal rings. They are controlled from the touch-pad display screen. They act as general illumination and map reading lights. They are dimmable. The light-bracelet assembly acts as the signal light system. It forms the leading edge of the c-wing. It operates automatically when the MGA is in operation. Light intensity is automatically adjusted according to weather and daylight conditions. The light-bracelet assembly illuminates in different colors and different flashing sequences. It acts as running lights and has a number of display mode functions. 
         [0308]    Drawing  20 : 
         [0309]    Illustrates the light-bracelet assembly.  FIG. 42  depicts the view of the light-bracelet module.  FIG. 43  depicts the top view of the light-bracelet assembly. Light-bracelet assembly  1010  consists of: light-bracelet cover  1103 , c-wing access module  1104 , LED light module  2002 , white LED  2003 , red LED  2004 , blue LED  2005 , green LED  2006  and yellow LED  2007 . Hues in the visible light spectrum can be produced with these colored lights. 
         [0310]    Camera System: 
         [0311]    There are cameras mounted on the MGA that serve a number of functions. First, there are cameras used to assist in video communication. They are located within the cockpit apparatus. Second, there are forward, aft and downward cameras used to assist in navigation. They are located on the airframe. Third, there are cameras used to assist with docking procedures. They are located above the docking assemblies on the c-wing. Fourth, there are cameras used to assist with rescue operations. They are located on the airframe. The camera system is controlled by the pilot via the touch-pad screen located on the seat platform assembly. 
         [0312]    Information System: 
         [0313]    The computer/navigation system serves a number of functions. First, the computer system processes data using the computer&#39;s operating system. Second, it receives commands from the pilot or control station. It processes the input commands and sends calibrated commands to the apparatuses and their respective assemblies&#39; controller. It receives data from the assemblies&#39; sensors, process the data and may resend additional calibrated commands to achieve the desired output. It sends the measured output to the display screens Third, it assists in navigation. Fourth, it records data and video of the flight operations. The computer is located in the cargo hold underneath the seat platform. The computer interfaces with the pilot via the controls and displays located on the seat platform assembly. 
         [0314]    Communication Systems: 
         [0315]    There are two communication networks associated with the MGA: the external network and the onboard network. The external network carries communications to and from control stations located outside the MGA. The MGA carries a radio/transponder for external network connections. It is located in the cargo hold underneath the seat platform assembly. The onboard network carries communications to and from apparatuses and assemblies to the computer/navigation system. The information transmitted and received includes voice, video and data. Communication is sent and received via LED communicating modules. They are located throughout the MGA. Specifically, they are located on: right hand controller  0511 , left hand controller  0512 , navigation display  0505 , touch-pad display  0506 , accelerator foot pedal  0513 , brake pedal  0514 , airframe  0203 , motor-wing no.1  0204 , motor-wing no.2  0205 , motor-wing no.3  0206 , motor-wing no.4  0207  and quill bodies  1305 . U.S. Pat. No. 8,902,076 B2. 
         [0316]    Buoyancy: 
         [0317]    The MGA is a waterborne craft. The amount of water (its weight) displaced by hull assembly  0406  and motor-wings  0204 ,  0205 ,  0206  and  0207  is greater than the weight of the MGA. The motor-wings act as outriggers to stabilized the craft on top of the water. 
       Methods 
       [0318]    Method of Manufacturing: 
         [0319]    This method of manufacturing uses interchangeable modular apparatuses, assemblies and components. They are fitted together and arranged, like building blocks, in numerous ways to construct various MGA configurations. These configurations are tailored to accomplish their intended flight missions. The following methods include the number and arrangement of the MGA&#39;s assemblies, apparatuses and components. 
         [0320]    Drawing  21 : 
         [0321]    Illustrates the number and arrangement of the gimbal, airframe and c-wing assemblies. 
         [0322]    Seat Platform Assemblies: 
         [0323]    The cockpit apparatus accommodates seating for one or multiple passengers.  FIG. 9  depicts seating platform assembly  0404  for the pilot and passenger in a bench seating arrangement. The seating platform can be configured for additional passengers. It can be configured for a back to front seating arrangement. 
         [0324]    Gimbal Assemblies: 
         [0325]    The cockpit apparatus  0202  accommodates one or multiple gimbal ring assemblies.  FIG. 45  depicts one gimbal ring  0606 .  FIG. 44  depicts two gimbal rings,  0606  and  0605 .  FIG. 12  depicts three gimbal rings,  0604 ,  0605  and  0606 . The gimbal assembly can be arranged so that each gimbal ring can rotate along a different axis than shown (e.g. the inner gimbal ring can rotate along the x, y or z axis). 
         [0326]    Airframe Modular Panels: 
         [0327]    The number and arrangement of airframe modular panels can vary. Airframe modules  0902 ,  0903  and  0904  and their respective sleeves  0905 ,  0906  and  0907  can be arranged and overlapped in a number of configurations.  FIG. 20  depicts the airframe modules arranged and overlapped in a staggered configuration.  FIG. 46  depicts the airframe modules arranged and overlapped in a stacked configuration. The number of segments around the airframe and c-wing can increase or decrease from what is shown. 
         [0328]    C-Wing Modular Panels: 
         [0329]    The number and arrangement of c-wing modules can vary. C-wing modules  1103 ,  1105  and  1106  and their respective access and sleeve modules  1104 ,  1107  and  1108  can be arranged and overlapped in a number of configurations.  FIG. 24  depicts the c-wing modules arranged and overlapped in a staggered configuration.  FIG. 47  depicts the airframe modules arranged and overlapped in a stacked configuration. The number of segments around the c-wing can increase or decrease from what is shown. 
         [0330]    Propeller Assemblies: 
         [0331]    The MGA accommodates various propeller assemblies and arrangements. 
         [0332]    Drawing  22 : 
         [0333]    Illustrates the number and arrangement of the propeller assembly.  FIG. 48  depicts a two propeller assembly.  FIG. 49  depicts a four propeller assembly.  FIG. 50  depicts a five propeller assembly.  FIG. 51  depicts a diagonal arrangement of propeller assemblies in a four motor-wing configuration.  FIG. 52  depicts a parallel arrangement of propeller assemblies in a four motor-wing configuration.  FIG. 53  depicts a diagonal arrangement of propeller assemblies in a six motor-wing configuration.  FIG. 54  depicts a parallel arrangement of propeller assemblies in a six-motor-wing configuration. Note: line  2210  represents assemblies rotating in the same direction. Additional arrangements include: more than five propellers, more than six propeller assemblies, and alternating clockwise and counter-clockwise propeller assemblies arranged radially. 
         [0334]    Quill Assemblies: 
         [0335]    The quill assembly accommodates a number of propulsion systems and landing gear assemblies. 
         [0336]    Drawing  23 : 
         [0337]    Illustrates the types of quill and landing gear assemblies.  FIG. 30  and  FIG. 31  depict propeller propulsion quill assemblies.  FIG. 55  depicts a pulse-jet quill assembly.  FIG. 56  depicts a rocket quill assembly.  FIG. 57  depicts a turbine quill assembly.  FIG. 58  depicts a wheel landing gear assembly.  FIG. 59  depicts a pad landing gear assembly and  FIG. 60  depicts a ball landing gear assembly. U.S. Pat. No. 8,083,494 B2. 
         [0338]    Hybrid Configurations: 
         [0339]    The MGA accommodates a number of propulsion systems for various hybrid configuration arrangements. 
         [0340]    Drawing  24 : 
         [0341]    Illustrates hybrid motor-wing arrangements.  FIG. 61  depicts a propeller propulsion petroleum powered quill assembly and a propeller propulsion electric powered quill assembly hybrid configuration arrangement.  FIG. 62  depicts a propeller propulsion petroleum powered quill assembly and a turbine quill assembly hybrid configuration arrangement.  FIG. 63  depicts a turbine quill assembly and pulse-jet quill assembly hybrid configuration arrangement and  FIG. 64  depicts a propeller propulsion electric powered quill assembly and a rocket quill assembly hybrid configuration arrangement. Additional hybrid configuration arrangements are possible. 
         [0342]    MGAs: 
         [0343]    The MGA accommodates a number of cockpit, airframe and motor-wing apparatuses in multiple configurations. 
         [0344]    Drawings  25  and  26 : 
         [0345]    Illustrate MGA configurations.  FIG. 65  depicts one cockpit apparatus, one airframe apparatus and two motor-wing apparatuses and two non-powered quill assemblies.  FIG. 66  depicts two cockpit apparatuses, two airframe apparatuses and four motor-wing apparatuses.  FIG. 67  depicts one cockpit apparatus, two cargo container apparatuses, three airframe apparatuses and six motor-wing apparatuses.  FIG. 68  depicts two cockpit apparatuses, two airframe apparatuses, four non-powered quill assemblies and one motor-wing apparatus with a counter-rotating propeller quill. Additional MGA configurations are possible. 
         [0346]    Method of Control: 
         [0347]    The MGA is controlled by the pilot using the fly-by-light control system or from a remote control station. 
         [0348]    Remote Control: 
         [0349]    The MGA carries a radio/transponder for communications and receiving commands remotely. 
         [0350]    Drawing  27 : 
         [0351]    Illustrates a view of control stations locations and the diagram of the fly-by-light wireless control system.  FIG. 69  depicts signals sent and received from control stations located on the land, sea, air, and space. Control stations include: MGA  0102 , satellite  2703 , aerial vehicle  2704 , building  2705 , waterborne craft  2706 , automobile  2707 , person  2708 , and MGA fleet carrier  2709 . 
         [0352]    Onboard Control: 
         [0353]    The pilot uses conductive wire and wireless control systems to control and maneuver the MGA. The conductive wire system uses an electronic interface. The wireless system replaces some of the conductive wire electronic interface with a wireless LED electronic interface. 
         [0354]    Fly-by-Light Control: 
         [0355]      FIG. 70  depicts the logic diagram of the fly-by-light wireless control system. It high lights the possible combinations of the onboard conductive wire and wireless communication systems. The pilot input controllers and machine controllers, and their locations, are illustrated and described. They comprise the fly-by light control system. The direction of data and telemetry flow is depicted by leader lines and arrows. Conductive wire control systems are depicted by continuous leader lines and wireless systems are depicted by broken leader lines. Commands made by the pilot via input controls  2710  and the output is shown on cockpit displays  2711  via computer system  2712 . The computer system  2712  analyzes and calibrates the commands. The calibrated commands are then transmitted to controller  2713 . The controller transmits those commands to apparatuses, assemblies or components  2714  for action, to achieve the desired output. Data is received and measured by sensor  2715 . Measured data is sent to computer system  2712 . The computer system  2712  analyzes the measured data and may send additional commands to controller  2713  for further action, to achieve the desired output. The computer system  2712  sends the output results to cockpit displays  2711 . Sensor  2715  includes measuring instruments: thermometer, accelerometer, gyroscope, counter, tachometer, altimeter, compass, power meter and power level. Each apparatus  0202 ,  0203 ,  0204 ,  0205 ,  0206  and  0207  incorporates a computer system capable of flying and navigating the MGA. The MGA&#39;s computer systems are ranked. The master computer/navigation system  0515  is located in the seat platform assembly  0404 . Other ranked computer systems are located throughout the MGA. Computer systems are ranked in hierarchical order with the master computer/navigation system  0515  located in the cockpit apparatus  0202 . The ranking order and their locations are as follows: airframe  0203 , motor-wing no.1  0204 , motor-wing no.2  0205 , motor-wing no.3  0206  and motor-wing no.4  0207 . In the event of a failure of the master computer/navigation system the next in rank computer system automatically takes control of the MGA. 
         [0356]    Intelligent Flight Control: 
         [0357]    The intelligent flight control system allows the MGA to perform functions with or without the pilot&#39;s input. The intelligent flight control system is used to automatically stabilize the MGA and prevent the operation of the MGA outside its performance envelop. The MGA uses an intelligent flight control system to compensate for MGA damage during flight. It automatically compensates for loss of engines, loss of flight surfaces or other avionic systems. When docking, the intelligent flight control system of one MGA is transferred to the other. The connected MGAs act as one apparatus. 
         [0358]    Other Methods: 
         [0359]    The MGA uses radio frequency or infrared light communications as the onboard wireless control system. 
         [0360]    Method of Piloting: 
         [0361]    The pilot uses controllers and displays to interface with the computer system to control and maneuver the MGA. The pilot may elect to operate the MGA in automatic or manual mode.  FIG. 71  depicts the pilot interface flight control diagram. It includes: startup, MGA flight controls and gimbal assembly controls. 
         [0362]    Drawing  28 : 
         [0363]    Illustrates the pilot interface flight controls. Drawing  29 : Illustrates launch, vertical flight, hovering flight, forward flight and horizontal flight. Drawing  30 : Illustrates maneuvers in horizontal flight. 
         [0364]    Startup Mode: 
         [0365]    The pilot initiates startup by pressing power button  1704 . The master computer/navigation system  0515  activates and requests the pilot and the vehicle identification. The MGA will not operate until the pilot&#39;s license is verified to be valid and the pilot is an authorized operator of the MGA. After identification authentication the computer/navigation system  0515  powers up the apparatuses, assemblies and components. It conducts a systems check to verify the MGA is cleared for flight operations. The computer system requests a flight plan. The pilot selects the computer operating sub-window  1611  and calls up the road and street maps. The pilot selects the destination and the master computer/navigation system  0515  automatically files a flight plan to the central control having jurisdiction of the airspace. The flight plan may be altered during flight. 
         [0366]    MGA Automatic Mode: 
         [0367]    The MGA automatic modes include: autopilot mode, touch-and-go mode and flight transition mode. 
         [0368]    Autopilot Mode: 
         [0369]    By pressing the autopilot button  1510  during flight, the MGA will continue on course according to the flight plan. 
         [0370]    Touch-and-Go Mode: 
         [0371]    By pressing the touch-and-go button  1512  while on the ground, the MGA will automatically launch, follow the flight plan and land at the destination. 
         [0372]    Flight Transition Mode: 
         [0373]    By pressing the flight transition button  1509  during flight, the MGA will automatically transition in and out of forward and horizontal flight. 
         [0374]    MGA Manual Mode: 
         [0375]    The MGA manual mode includes: launch mode, vertical flight mode, hovering flight mode, docking mode, forward flight mode, horizontal flight mode and air breaking mode. 
         [0376]    Launch Mode: 
         [0377]    is engaged by depressing accelerator pedal  0513 . Motor-wings  0204 ,  0205 ,  0206  and  0207  increase their speed providing thrust to launch the MGA off the ground as depicted in  FIG. 72 . 
         [0378]    Vertical Flight Mode: 
         [0379]    is engaged by depressing and releasing accelerator pedal  0513 . The MGA will move up and down as depicted in  FIG. 72 . 
         [0380]    Hovering Flight Mode: 
         [0381]    is engaged by pushing hovering button  1519  the MGA will move in and out of hovering flight as depicted in  FIG. 72 . 
         [0382]    Docking Mode: 
         [0383]    is engaged by pressing and releasing docking button  1513 , the MGA will engage and disengage electromagnet  1204  associated with male docking assembly  1004  and female docking assembly  1005  for contact formation as depicted in  FIG. 118 . 
         [0384]    Forward Flight Mode: 
         [0385]    is engaged by moving right hand rollerball  1502  forwards or backwards, the MGA will correspondingly tilt, moving it forwards or backwards as depicted in  FIG. 73 ; by moving  1502  sideways, left or right, the MGA will correspondingly tilt, moving it right or left as depicted in  FIG. 73 ; by rotating  1502  clockwise or counter-clockwise, the MGA will correspondingly rotate around seat platform assembly  0404 . 
         [0386]    Horizontal Flight Mode: 
         [0387]    While transitioning from forward flight to horizontal flight, as depicted in  FIG. 74 , horizontal flight mode is automatically engaged. By moving right hand rollerball  1502  forwards or backwards, ailerons  1009  will correspondingly deploy moving the MGA up or down in pitch as depicted in  FIGS. 77 and 78  respectively; by moving  1502  sideways, left or right, ailerons  1009  will correspondingly deploy turning the MGA left or right in roll as depicted in  FIGS. 75 and 76  respectively. 
         [0388]    Air Braking Mode: 
         [0389]    is engaged by depressing air brake  0514 , the MGA will deploy gills  1003  slowing it down as depicted in  FIG. 79 . 
         [0390]    Gimbal Assembly Automatic Mode: 
         [0391]    The Gimbal assembly automatic mode includes: level position mode, horizontal flight start position mode and ground start position mode. 
         [0392]    Level Position Mode: 
         [0393]    is engaged by pressing level button  1514 , seat platform assembly  0404  will move in and out of the position level to the ground. 
         [0394]    Horizontal Flight Start Position Mode: 
         [0395]    is engaged by pressing horizontal flight start position button  1505 , seat platform assembly  0404  will move in and out of the horizontal flight position as depicted in  FIG. 17 . 
         [0396]    Ground Start Position Mode: 
         [0397]    is engaged by pressing ground start position button  1504 , seat platform assembly  0404  will move in and out of the ground start position as depicted in  FIG. 16 . 
         [0398]    Gimbal Assembly Manual Mode: 
         [0399]    The gimbal assembly manual mode includes: pitch mode, roll mode and yaw mode. 
         [0400]    Pitch Mode: 
         [0401]    is engaged by moving left hand rollerball  1515  forwards or backwards, seat platform assembly  0404  correspondingly moves forwards or backwards in pitch as depicted in  FIG. 12 . 
         [0402]    Roll Mode: 
         [0403]    is engaged by moving  1515  left or right, seat platform assembly  0404  correspondingly moves left or right in roll as depicted in  FIG. 12 . 
         [0404]    Yaw Mode: 
         [0405]    is engaged by rotating  1515  clockwise or counter-clockwise, seat platform assembly  0404  correspondingly rotates clockwise or counter-clockwise as depicted in  FIG. 12 . 
         [0406]    Method of Visual Light Signaling: 
         [0407]    The light-bracelet assembly illuminates in different colors and different flashing sequences. It operates in several different light signal modes concurrently. The light bracelet assembly has a number of light signal modes: Air-shelf signal mode, tilt signal mode, ascent/descent signal mode, turn signal mode, rotate signal mode, docking signal mode, land signal mode, launch signal mode, warning signal mode and emergency signal mode. 
         [0408]    Drawings  31  and  32 : 
         [0409]    Illustrate light-bracelet signal modes. 
         [0410]    Air-Shelf Signal Mode: 
         [0411]      FIG. 80  depicts air-shelf signal mode. Air-shelf signal mode functions concurrently with other signal modes. All LED light modules  2002  within light bracelet assembly  1010  illuminate in the color of the air-shelf, within air column  3302 , the MGA is traveling in. 
         [0412]    Tilt Signal Mode: 
         [0413]      FIG. 81  depicts tilt signal mode. Tilt signal mode functions concurrently with air-shelf signal mode and ascent/descent signal mode. Light-bracelet assembly  1010  signals the tilt of motor-wing apparatuses  0204 ,  0205 ,  0206  and  0207 , thus the direction the MGA is heading. Tilt signal mode works under the principles of a level. It can be understood with the example of a clear plastic tube bended and connected to form a bracelet, and a ball placed inside. When the bracelet is tilted in space, the ball will move and come to rest at the lowest point. If the bracelet is constantly tilting along different axes, the ball will stay in motion. Tilt signal mode works similarly using visible lights. Light bracelet assembly  1010  replaces the plastic tube and light-ball  3103  replaces the ball. Light-ball  3103  illuminates in a unique color when tilt signal mode is engaged. 
         [0414]    Ascent/Descent Signal Mode: 
         [0415]      FIG. 82  depicts ascent/descent signal mode. It functions concurrently with air-shelf signal mode, turn signal mode and tilt signal mode. It signals the MGA&#39;s ascent or descent through air-shelves, within air column  3302 . Here, on either side of light-ball  3103 , two adjacent light modules  2002  illuminate to form air-shelf light-ball set  3104 . Air-shelf light-ball set  3104  illuminates in the color of the air-shelf, within air column  3302  the MGA is traveling to. They remain alongside light-ball  3103  as it operates. 
         [0416]    Turn Signal Mode: 
         [0417]      FIG. 83  depicts turn signal mode. Turn signal mode functions automatically in horizontal flight and concurrently with air-shelf signal mode and ascent/descent signal mode. Turn signal mode functions under the principles of a turn coordinator displaying the roll of the MGA relative to the horizon. Two sets of different and unique colored LED light modules  2002  form a visual light turn coordinator. Each LED light module  2002  within each set are opposite of one another. The first light-ball set, horizon light-ball set  3204  remains level with the horizon. It illuminates in a unique color. When the motor-wing apparatuses  0204 ,  0205 ,  0206  and  0207  are flying level to the horizon, the two light-ball sets  3204  and  3205  merge into one light-ball set and illuminates in a unique color. 
         [0418]    Rotate Signal Mode: 
         [0419]      FIG. 84  depicts rotate signal mode. Rotate signal mode operates in vertical, hovering, forward and horizontal flight and functions concurrently with air-shelf signal mode, tilt signal mode, ascent/descent signal mode and turn signal mode. It activates when motor-wing apparatuses  0204 ,  0205 ,  0206  and  0207  rotate around seat platform assembly  0404 . Rotate light-ball set  3206  aligns with strut  0308 .  3206  illuminates and flashes in a unique color. 
         [0420]    Docking Signal Mode: 
         [0421]      FIG. 85  depicts docking signal mode. Docking signal mode is engaged when the pilot presses docking button  1513  during docking procedures. Docking signal mode includes two light-ball sets: male light-ball set  3207  and female light-ball set  3208 .  3207  and  3208  travel along opposite paths in light-bracelet assembly  1010  starting at opposite sides of their respective docking assemblies  1004  and  1005 . They illuminate in a unique color. Each set merges into one light-ball  3103  at docking assemblies  1004  and  1005  and flash multiple times, the sequence repeats. The number of docking light-ball sets  3207  and  3208  activated is directly related to the number of docking assemblies,  1004  and  1005 , engaged in contact formation  4004 . When docking has occurred, light-ball sets  3207  and  3208  remain at docking assemblies  1004  and  1005  respective locations and flash constantly in a unique color. 
         [0422]    Launch and Land Signal Modes: 
         [0423]      FIG. 86  depicts launch and land signal modes. They activate automatically when the MGA is cleared for flight operations on the ground and when MGA&#39;s warning shield  3406  contacts landing-zone warning shield  3406  on landing approach. It is also activated automatically in the absents of landing pad  3410  as the MGA approaches ground surface  3309 . In land signal mode, light bracelet assembly  1010  illuminates in a unique color; and launch/land light-ball set  3209  illuminates in a unique color. Launch/land light-ball set  3209  includes two LED light modules  2002 . Each start at opposite sides to one another and travel on a path along the light-bracelet  1010  in opposite directions to one another. The rate of speed they travel increases the closer they come to land. At touch down the light-bracelet  1010  illuminates in a unique color. The reverse order occurs during launch procedures. 
         [0424]    Warning Signal Mode: 
         [0425]    Activates automatically when the MGA contacts static or dynamic warning shields  3406 . Light-bracelet  1010  illuminates and flashes in a unique color when warning signal mode is engaged. 
         [0426]    Emergency Signal Mode: 
         [0427]    Activates automatically when the MGA is under a flight emergency. Light-bracelet  1010  illuminates and flashes in a unique color when emergency signal mode is engaged. 
         [0428]    Method of Electronic Mapping of Airspace (EMA): 
         [0429]    This method organizes airspace for the safe passage of aerial vehicles. It maps: the air column, ground surface, static and dynamic objects and their corresponding shields. In this method, nodes in space are given coordinates using the GPS. The nodes can be arranged to define facets that in turn can be combined and arranged to define three dimensional geometries in space. The shapes and sizes of air-shelves, ground zones, static shields and dynamic shields are described and defined by this geometry. They vary according to the areas and objects they surround, and the movement of those objects through space. The coordinates for ground and aerial obstructions and their associated shields are registered on the EMA. Static obstructions are surveyed. Dynamic objects&#39; positions are tracked using cellular communications. Natural dynamic obstructions are tracked using radar. Their shields are established by the weather authorities and inputted into the EMA. The EMA is continuously updated. It is accessed by pilots through the internet via cellular communications. Reference Other Publications: Aeronautical Information Manual. 
         [0430]    Drawing  33 : 
         [0431]    Illustrates examples of the air column and ground surface. 
         [0432]    Air Column: 
         [0433]      FIG. 87  depicts the restricted airspace, unrestricted airspace, warning shields, ground zones and air-shelves within the air column. Unrestricted airspace is established by the authorities have jurisdiction over air traffic. It includes: air-shelf N, air-shelf E, air-shelf W, air-shelf S and air shelf X. Air-shelves within the air column can be remembered using the acronym “NEWSX”: The “N” stands for north, the “E” for east, the “W” for west, the “S” for south and the “X” for any direction. Each air-zone&#39;s floor and ceiling height vary; and is directly dependent and equally proportional to the height limits established by unrestricted airspace in a given area. 
         [0434]    Air-Shelf N: 
         [0435]    Air-shelf N  3303  occupies the air-space above air-shelf E  3304 . Its ceiling height is defined by the ceiling height limit of unrestricted airspace less the height of airspace warning shield  3308 . It is reserved for aerial vehicles heading in a northerly direction. It is assigned a unique color that is displayed on light bracelet  1010  while flying through it. 
         [0436]    Air-Shelf E: 
         [0437]    Air-shelf E:  3304  occupies the air space above air-shelf W  3305 . It is reserved for aerial vehicles heading in an easterly direction. It is assigned a unique color that is displayed on light-bracelet  1010  while flying through it. 
         [0438]    Air-Shelf W: 
         [0439]    Air-shelf W  3305  occupies the air-space above air-shelf S  3306 . It is reserved for aerial vehicles heading in a westerly direction. It is assigned a unique color that is displayed on light-bracelet  1010  while flying through it. 
         [0440]    Air-Shelf S: 
         [0441]    Air-shelf S  3306  occupies the air-space above air-shelf X  3307 . It is reserved for aerial vehicles heading in a southerly direction. It is assigned a unique color that is displayed on light-bracelet  1010  while flying through it. 
         [0442]    Air-Shelf X: 
         [0443]    Air-shelf X  3307  occupies the air space contiguous to ground surface  3309 . It is reserved for aerial vehicles flying in any direction. It is assigned a unique color that is displayed on light-bracelet  1010  while flying through it. 
         [0444]    Ground Surface: 
         [0445]      FIG. 87  depicts the ground zones within ground surface  3309 . Aerial vehicle ground speed while flying over certain ground zones may be restricted. Ground zones include: ground zone 1  3310 , ground zone 2  3311  and ground zone 3  3312 . 
         [0446]    Ground Zone 1: 
         [0447]    Ground zone 1  3310  exists over densely populated metropolitan areas. 
         [0448]    Ground Zone 2: 
         [0449]    Ground zone 2  3311  exists outside of ground zone 1  3310  over less densely populated areas, suburban areas. 
         [0450]    Ground Zone 3: 
         [0451]    Ground zone 3  3312  exists outside ground-zone 2  3311  and ground zone 1  3310 . 
         [0452]    Restricted Airspace: 
         [0453]      FIG. 87 ; Restricted airspace  3301  is a static manmade ground and air obstruction established by the authorities having jurisdiction over air traffic. 
         [0454]    Airspace Warning Shield: 
         [0455]      FIG. 87 ; Airspace warning shield  3308  is contiguous to and surrounds restricted airspace  3301 . 
         [0456]    Static Shields: 
         [0457]    Static shields include warning shields and action shields surrounding manmade and natural ground obstructions. Their shape and size vary, and are dependent on the type of obstruction. 
         [0458]    Drawing  34 : 
         [0459]    Illustrates examples of warning and action shields surrounding static manmade objects.  FIG. 88  depicts warning and action shields surrounding structure  3408 .  FIG. 89  depicts warning and action shields surrounding power line  3402 .  FIG. 90  depicts warning and action shields surrounding landing pad  3410 .  FIG. 91  depicts warning and action shields surrounding landing pad  3410  atop structure  3408 .  FIG. 92  depicts warning and action shields surrounding road way  3411 .  FIG. 93  depicts warning and action shields surrounding bridge  3412 . 
         [0460]    Drawing  35 : 
         [0461]    Illustrates examples of warning and action shields surrounding static natural objects.  FIG. 94  depicts warning and action shields surrounding a mountain range,  FIG. 95  depicts warning and action shields surrounding a canyon,  FIG. 96  depicts warning and action shields surrounding a waterway,  FIG. 97  depicts warning and action shields surrounding a forest. 
         [0462]    Dynamic Shields: 
         [0463]    Dynamic shields include warning shields and action shields surrounding manmade and natural obstructions. 
         [0464]    Drawing  36 : 
         [0465]    Illustrates examples of warning and action shields surrounding dynamic manmade objects.  FIG. 98  depicts warning and action shields surrounding MGA  0102 .  FIG. 99  depicts warning and action shields surrounding aerial vehicle  2704 .  FIG. 100  depicts warning and action shields surrounding MGA carrier  2709 .  FIG. 101  depicts warning and action shields surrounding waterborne craft  2706 .  FIG. 102  depicts warning and action shields surrounding automobile  2707 .  FIG. 103  depicts warning and action shields surrounding train  3606 . 
         [0466]    Drawing  37 : 
         [0467]    Illustrates examples of warning and action shields surrounding dynamic natural objects.  FIG. 104  depicts warning and action shields surrounding thunderstorm  3704 .  FIG. 105  depicts warning and action shields surrounding tornado  3705 .  FIG. 106  depicts warning and action shields surrounding fire  3706 .  FIG. 107  depicts warning and action shields surrounding volcano  3707 . 
         [0468]    Method of Navigation: 
         [0469]    Drawing  38 : 
         [0470]    Illustrates the method of navigation. There are two modes of navigation, automatic and manual. The MGA will automatically respond and take action to avoid collisions when in flight. Whether flying in automatic mode or manual mode the MGA will automatically alert the pilot, through the navigation system, and take action to avoid colliding into EMA mapped objects.  FIG. 108  depicts the launch, flight and land sequences of manual and automatic navigation modes. They include: startup mode, flight plan revision mode, shield contact mode, docking mode, identified landing pad mode and unidentified landing zone mode. 
         [0471]    Manual Navigation Mode: 
         [0472]    Manual navigation mode assists the pilot to: orient themselves of their current location and heading, negotiate through air space to destinations, track other aircraft in proximity, avoid other aircraft and adhere to regulations for airspace. The main navigation window  1705  indicates where the MGA  0102 , other MGAs  1720  and other aircraft  1721  are in airspace. The MGA icon  1718  within view scale/compass layer  1716  remains fixed in the center of the main navigation window  1705 . The other layers of information  1707 ,  1708 ,  1709 ,  1710 ,  1711 ,  1712 ,  1713 ,  1714  and  1715  are registered to  1705  at the same scale. The pilot may change scales (e.g., from a radius 1 mile out to a 5 miles out). MGA icon  1718  within  1707  and tracking trail  1717  illuminate in the color of the air-shelf the MGA is flying in and the heading it is on. MGA icon  1720  will display its call sign, for identification and communication purposes. Tracking trail  1717  is displayed as a line segment that increases in length as the aircraft flies through air space.  1717  illuminates in the color of the airspace it is flying in. In the event that the aircraft has passed through multiple air-shelves, tracking trail  1717  will illuminate in multiple colors corresponding to the air-shelves they have passed through. 
         [0473]    Automatic Navigation Mode: 
         [0474]    Automatic navigation mode includes: startup mode, touch-and-go mode, autopilot mode, flight plan revision mode, shield contact mode, docking mode, identified landing pad mode and unidentified landing zone mode. 
         [0475]    Startup Mode: 
         [0476]    Startup mode  3801  is engaged when the pilot enters a flight plan into the master computer/navigation system  0515 .  0515  plots a course that is displayed on  1705  and  1607 . When the pilot approves the flight plan, they enter it into  0515 . If the pilot does not approve the flight plan they reenter a new flight plan. The flight plan is sent to the central control station and registered on the EMA. The MGA is prepared to launch. 
         [0477]    Touch-and-Go Mode: 
         [0478]    Touch-and-go mode is engaged by pressing touch-and go button on the right hand controller after a flight plan has been approved by the pilot. It will automatically launch the MGA, travel through airspace following the approved flight path, avoid EMA mapped obstructions and restricted airspace, and land the MGA at its destination. 
         [0479]    Autopilot Mode: 
         [0480]    Autopilot mode is engaged when the pilot presses the autopilot button on the right hand controller. It will bring the MGA in line with the approved flight plan and bring the MGA to a point where the MGA&#39;s warning shield  3406  makes contact with the static or dynamic warning shield  3406  at its destination. 
         [0481]    Flight Plan Revision Mode: 
         [0482]    Flight plan revision mode  3802  is engaged during flight when the pilot wishes to alter the flight path or destination. The pilot reenters a flight plan into the master computer/navigation system  0515 .  0515  plots a course that is displayed on  1705  and  1607 . When the pilot approves the flight plan, they enter it into  0515 . The flight plan is sent to the central control station and registered on the EMA.  0515  alters the MGA&#39;s course in line with the new flight plan. 
         [0483]    Shield Contact Mode: 
         [0484]    Shield contact mode  3803  is engaged during flight operations when the MGA&#39;s warning shield  3406  contacts another static or dynamic warning shield  3406 . The master computer/navigation system  0515  alerts the pilot of the contact through the main navigation window  1705 . When the MGA&#39;s action shield  3407  contacts the action shield  3407  of another aerial vehicle, the pilot takes action to avoid collision. In the event that the pilot does not take action the master computer/navigation system  0515  will automatically take action to avoid collision. The pilot or  0515  will return the MGA to its flight path. 
         [0485]    Docking Mode: 
         [0486]    Docking mode  3804  is engaged during flight operations when the MGA&#39;s warning shield  3406  contacts another MGA&#39;s warning shield  3406 . The master computer/navigation system  0515  alerts the pilot of the contact through the main navigation window  1705 . When the MGA&#39;s action shield  3407  contacts the action shield  3407  of another MGA, the initiating pilot requests permission to dock. If permission is granted the initiating pilot takes action and docking procedures commence. If permission is not granted the initiating pilot returns the MGA to its flight path. The pilots agree on the transfer of flight controls to a single master computer/navigation system  0515 . Contact formation  4004  is formed. After a period of time, undocking procedures commence and  0515  or the initiating pilot returns the MGA to its flight path. 
         [0487]    Identified Landing Pad Mode: 
         [0488]    Identified landing pad mode  3805  is engaged during flight operations when the MGA&#39;s warning shield  3406  contacts landing pad  3410 &#39;s warning shield  3406 . The master computer/navigation system  0515  alerts the pilot of the contact through the main navigation window  1705 . When the MGA&#39;s action shield  3407  contacts the action shield  3407  of landing pad  3410  the pilot requests permission to land. The pilot enters a passcode that opens the landing pad for the MGA. If permission is granted the pilot takes action and landing procedures commence. A control station can land the MGA upon pilot&#39;s permission. If permission to land is not granted the pilot enters a new flight plan into the master computer/navigation system  0515  and moves the MGA onto its new flight path. 
         [0489]    Unidentified Landing Mode: 
         [0490]    Unidentified landing mode  3806  is engaged during flight operations when the MGA&#39;s warning shield  3406  contacts ground surface  3309 . The master computer/navigation system  0515  alerts the pilot of the contact through the main navigation window  1705 . When the MGA&#39;s action shield  3407  contacts ground surface  3309  the pilot takes action and landing procedures commence. If the pilot does not take action the master computer/navigation system  0515  will land the MGA. 
         [0491]    Navigation Window 3D Mode: 
         [0492]    Navigation window 3D mode is engaged through the touch-pad display. It takes the layers displayed on the main navigation window  1705  and renders them in three dimensions. The layers include: tracking and orientation layer  1707 , airspace and ground zone map layer  1708 , satellite image map layer  1709 , weather layer  1710 , downward camera layer  1711 , road and street map layer  1712 , destination points and landing pads layer  1713 , flight plan/flight course layer  1714 , and programmable layer  1715 . 
       Applications 
       [0493]    Flight Applications: 
         [0494]    The MGA can conduct a number of flight operations and flight missions. The MGA can launch and land from the ground, water, and static and mobile platforms. Drawing  39 : Illustrates the launch and land venues. Drawing  40  and  41 : Illustrate flight operations. Drawing  42 : Illustrates Flight operation missions. 
         [0495]    Flight Operations: 
         [0496]      FIG. 109  depicts the MGA  0102  land and launch from flat ground surface  3309 .  FIG. 110  depicts  0102  land and launch from sloped ground surface  3909 .  FIG. 111  depicts  0102  land and launch from uneven ground surface  3909 .  FIG. 112  depicts  0102  land and launch from between structures  3409 .  FIG. 113  depicts  0102  land and launch from between trees  3905 . In this event,  0102  is equipped with lower safety grate assembly  1405 .  FIG. 114  depicts  0102  land and launch from waterway  3506 .  FIG. 115  depicts  0102  land, float and launch from trepid waterway  3506 .  FIG. 116  depicts  0102  overturning on wave  4005 .  FIG. 117  depicts  0102  overturned and afloat on waterway  3506 . Note: seat platform assembly  0404  is in the ground start position. In this event, the MGA acts as a life boat.  FIG. 118  depicts  0102  in contact formation with multiple MGAs.  FIG. 119  depicts  0102  conducting flight operations off mobile land platform  4103 .  FIG. 120  depicts  0102  conducting flight operations off mobile waterborne platform  4104 .  FIG. 121  depicts  0102  conducting flight operations off mobile airborne platform  4105 . 
         [0497]    Flight Missions: 
         [0498]      FIG. 122  depicts  0102  in a rescue mission where cable  4205  is lowered, from wench assembly  0803 , to flat ground surface  3309  or waterway surface  3506  and lifts person  2708  to safety.  FIG. 123  depicts  0102  in a ledge rescue mission where the motor-wing apparatus  0204  touches ledge  4206  and person  2708  climbs onto upper safety grate  1405  to safety.  FIG. 124  depicts a rescue mission where  0102  lands on waterway  3506  and person  2708  climbs onto upper safety grate assembly  1405  to safety.  FIG. 125  depicts  0102  in a hauling mission where cables  4205 , from wench assemblies  0803 , are attached to cargo container  4207  and carried to a destination.  FIG. 126  depicts  0102  in an in-flight emergency where parachute  4208  is deployed. 
         [0499]    Military Applications: 
         [0500]    The MGA is a tactical systems platform for weapons, rescue, supply, reconnaissance and surveillance. The MGA works in concert with the MGA carrier in a strategic role.