Abstract:
A computing device unit includes a rigid-to-flexible protection mechanism for e.g. die-on-flex technologies. According to one example, a flexible electronic device includes an electronic component for generating or receiving signals, a substrate for supporting the electronic component, and structure for stiffening the substrate, the structure being disposed to provide the substrate with a first rigidity adjacent the electronic component and a second rigidity more distant from the electronic component, the first rigidity being greater than the second rigidity such that the electronic component is protected against excessive flexing.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION  
         [0001]    The subject matter of this application is related to the subject matter of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 60/171,868, filed Dec. 23, 1999, priority to which is claimed under 35 U.S.C. § 119(e) and which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.  
         BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0002]    1. Field of the Invention  
           [0003]    Embodiments of the invention relate to flexible electronic devices. More particularly, embodiments of the invention relate to features that protect such devices, or electronic components associated with those devices, from damage by excessive bending or flexing, for example.  
           [0004]    2. Description of Related Art  
           [0005]    Wearable computing devices of many different types are being used in a host of commercial, industrial and consumer environments. Many such computers are brick-like, however, concentrating a great deal of weight in a bulky, cumbersome box that must be strapped onto the body.  
           [0006]    The best wearable computers are lightweight and flexible, demonstrating superior ergonomics and allowing use during all normal activities. According to one example, flexible circuitry or equivalent flexible transmission devices join physically independent computer modules, allowing comfortable distribution of the computer about the body to accommodate a wide variety of body morphologies. Standard-interconnect input/output devices allow easy user upgrades and modular replacements. Spread-spectrum wireless Local Area Networks allow interaction with other users and/or with a host computer system. Flexible wearable computing devices are comfortable, easy-to-use, convenient and powerful alternatives to the brick-like machines that until recently have been the only choice in the marketplace.  
           [0007]    Commonly assigned U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,285,398, 5,491,651, 5,581,492, 5,798,907, and 6,108,197 to Janik, and commonly assigned U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,555,490 and 5,572,401 to Carroll, all of which are incorporated by reference herein, disclose a number of extremely advantageous designs that provide numerous advantages over previous, box-like wearable computers.  
           [0008]    Recently, multi-chip module, thin-film circuit, known-good-die and die-on-flex technologies have provided the potential for considerable miniaturization and standardization in personal computers. U.S. Pat. No. 5,422,514 to Griswold, for example, which is incorporated herein by reference, discloses a number of advantageous packaging structures and techniques. Griswold discloses a multi-chip module packaging structure having a thin-film decal interconnect circuit fabricated on a thin wafer of aluminum or other material. MicroModule Systems, Inc. has developed and produced a number of different multi-chip module and associated packaging products. Additionally, International Patent Applications Nos. WO 96/07143, WO 96/07921, and WO 96/07924 are incorporated herein by reference as well. Combining known-good-die, die-on-board and/or die-on-flex technologies has yielded packaging structures with significant reliability and standardization advantages.  
           [0009]    Given the many opportunities that have arisen with the introduction of these technologies, it would be very advantageous to develop and specifically adapt these technologies in wearable-computing environments. Additionally, it would be very advantageous to develop die-on-flex technologies that can withstand the rigorous wearable-computing environment, and other environments.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0010]    To overcome the problems associated with prior devices and to achieve various advantages, a number of computing systems and modules are described.  
           [0011]    In one embodiment, a flexible and/or wearable computing module includes a select pattern of variable flexibility elements for providing a rigid-to-flexible stiffness pattern on the computing module. For example, in a computing module comprising a die-on-flex arrangement such as a die-type integrated circuit on a flexible carrier/substrate, the pattern is overlaid on the die or otherwise formed on or in the carrier/substrate to provide generally rigid support for the die and progressively more flexible support for the area on the carrier.  
           [0012]    According to different embodiments of the invention, the pattern can be made from elements such as pads, disks, rings, spiral rings, or a combination thereof, with selected variable sizes and shapes of those elements to achieve the optimal progression and arrangement of variable rigidity on the flexible carrier, particularly on, underneath, and immediately surrounding the die on the flexible carrier. In some instances, the variable flexibility element(s) can be achieved using a single continuous sheet having a variable flexibility pattern formed therein.  
           [0013]    Further, the variable flexibility elements optionally act as a conductor to a heat sink to actively aid in appropriate management of thermal radiation, or as a conduit for EMI protection to aid in management of EMI radiation.  
           [0014]    Embodiments of the invention are well-suited to flexible and/or wearable die-on-flex environments and other manufacturing and packing technologies, and provide fast, small, durable, and cost-effective design configurations that represent significant improvements over prior-art wearable computers.  
           [0015]    According to aspects of the invention, a die-on-flex device includes a flexible substrate, a die operably coupled with the substrate, and a stiffener pattern connected to the substrate, the stiffener pattern being constructed and arranged to provide a first area of substrate rigidity in the vicinity of the die and a second area of substrate rigidity farther away from the die, the first rigidity being greater than the second rigidity. The stiffener pattern can include a plurality of pads formed of a material at least as rigid as the flexible substrate, pads closer to the die being larger than pads farther away from the die according to one example.  
           [0016]    The stiffener pattern can form a plurality of generally concentric shapes. Each concentric shape can be separated from an immediately adjacent concentric shape by a distance, said distance increasing with increasing distance from the die. The generally concentric shapes are generally concentric rings, according to one example. The stiffener pattern can also include a plurality of ring-shaped stiffeners, with at least one arm connecting one of the ring-shaped stiffeners to another of the ring-shaped stiffeners. The plurality of ring-shaped stiffeners together can form a single piece.  
           [0017]    The stiffener pattern can be a spiral pattern, for example a single stiffener in a spiral shape, the single stiffener decreasing in dimension with increasing distance from the die. The stiffener pattern can be formed over said die and said flexible carrier, and/or formed between said die and said flexible carrier.  
           [0018]    According to another aspect of the invention, a flexible electronic device includes a flexible support having a first portion and a second portion distinct from the first portion, an electronic component disposed at the first portion of the flexible support, and a stiffener arrangement, the stiffener arrangement being operably coupled with the first portion of the flexible support and with the second portion of the flexible support, wherein the stiffener arrangement is constructed and arranged to provide the first portion of the flexible support with a first rigidity and to provide the second portion of the flexible support with a second rigidity, the first rigidity being greater than the second rigidity. The electronic component can include an integrated circuit and/or a die.  
           [0019]    At least one stiffener of the stiffener arrangement is constructed and arranged to generally prevent flexing of the first portion of the flexible support, according to one embodiment. The stiffener arrangement can comprise a plurality of stiffeners, each stiffener of the plurality of stiffeners having a predetermined width, said width decreasing with increasing distance from the die. The stiffener arrangement can be constructed of heat-transfer material to form, or transfer heat to, a heat sink. The stiffener arrangement can be formed within the flexible support.  
           [0020]    According to aspects of the invention, the flexible electronic device can be a flexible motherboard, flexible circuitry, flexible battery, flexible touchpad for input operations, flexible display, light-emitting-polymer device, or other device.  
           [0021]    The flexible electronic device can be formed into a three-dimensional enclosure. The electronic component can include multiple chips, and/or one or more connective devices to a flexible display. The stiffener arrangement can be a first stiffener arrangement, the flexible electronic device further including a second stiffener arrangement disposed at an opposite side from the first stiffener arrangement.  
           [0022]    According to another aspect of the invention, a flexible electronic device comprises an electronic component for generating or receiving signals, a substrate for supporting the electronic component, and means for stiffening the substrate, the means for stiffening being disposed to provide the substrate with a first rigidity adjacent the electronic component and a second rigidity more distant from the electronic component, the first rigidity being greater than the second rigidity such that the electronic component is protected against excessive flexing.  
           [0023]    The means for stiffening can be disposed to provide the substrate with decreasing rigidity with increasing distance from the electronic component, and can comprise a plurality of stiffeners constructed of identical material. The electronic component can comprise a die, and the flexible signal-relaying device can be a die-on-flex device. Further, the flexible electronic device can form a portion of a wearable computer.  
           [0024]    According to another aspect, a method of protecting an electronic component against excessive flexing comprises supporting an electronic component on a substrate, the electronic component being for generating or receiving signals, and stiffening the substrate so as to provide the substrate with a first rigidity adjacent the electronic component and a second rigidity more distant from the electronic component, the first rigidity being greater than the second rigidity such that the electronic component is protected against excessive flexing. The stiffening can occur with one or more stiffeners, and the method further includes removing the one or more stiffeners from the substrate, according to one example. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0025]    Embodiments of the invention will be described with reference to the figures, in which like reference numerals denote like elements and in which:  
         [0026]    [0026]FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a flexible and/or wearable electronic device according to embodiments of the invention;  
         [0027]    [0027]FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of an electronic device incorporating variable flexibility elements, according to embodiments of the invention;  
         [0028]    [0028]FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of variable flexibility elements substantially similar to the elements of FIG. 2, according to embodiments of the invention;  
         [0029]    [0029]FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of an electronic device incorporating variable flexibility elements, according to embodiments of the invention;  
         [0030]    [0030]FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of variable flexibility elements substantially similar to the elements of FIG. 4, according to embodiments of the invention;  
         [0031]    [0031]FIG. 6- 7  are schematic illustrations of a pattern of variable flexibility elements, according to embodiments of the invention;  
         [0032]    [0032]FIG. 8- 10  are side views of flexible and/or wearable electronic devices incorporating variable flexibility elements, according to embodiments of the invention;  
         [0033]    [0033]FIG. 11 is a schematic top plan view of a wearable electronic device incorporating variable flexibility elements, as wom on a user according to an embodiment of the invention;  
         [0034]    [0034]FIG. 12 is a schematic view of a flexible and/or wearable electronic device incorporating variable flexibility elements on two sides thereof, according to an embodiment of the invention;  
         [0035]    [0035]FIG. 13 is a schematic view of one or more flexible and/or wearable electronic devices incorporating variable flexibility elements configured into a three-dimensional shape, according to an embodiment of the invention; and  
         [0036]    [0036]FIG. 14 is a schematic view of a flexible and/or wearable electronic device incorporating variable flexibility elements stitched to a garment. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
       [0037]    Embodiments of the invention have wide application to a number of different computing technologies and environments. As discussed above, flexible wearable computers are gaining rapid acceptance in the marketplace in different computing environments, including military, maintenance, law enforcement, medical and other environments. Further, miniaturization and ease of manufacture are important in virtually all computing environments, not just those well-suited for wearable computers. Thus, although particular embodiments of the invention are discussed with respect to wearable computers and in particular flexible wearable computers, the invention is not necessarily limited to those embodiments.  
         [0038]    According to one, non-exclusive example, a rigid-to-flexible protection mechanism for die-on-flex technologies on flexible and/or wearable computing systems includes a pattern of stiffeners providing more rigidity on a flexible carrier/substrate in the vicinity of the die and less rigidity on the flexible carrier/substrate farther away from the die. This variable stiffness pattern protects the die-on-flex arrangement by generally preventing undue flexing of the die while permitting sufficient flexibility on the flexible carrier/substrate to accommodate desired flexibility for the flexible and/or wearable computing environment.  
         [0039]    [0039]FIG. 1 illustrates a computer system  10  according to an embodiment of the invention. System  10  is a die-on-flex system, according to one example, including flexible substrate, carrier or support  12  and component  14 . Component  14  can be an electronic or non-electronic component, e.g. a silicon die or chip or other device. In the illustrated embodiment, component  14  includes connective wires or leads  16  arranged in fan-out pattern  18 . Substrate or carrier or support  12  can equally be any material or product providing support for a component for which protection is desired, and such meaning is generally intended when the term “substrate” or “carrier” is used herein. Similarly, although the term “die” may be used to refer to electronic component  14 , such use is intended to illustrate other possible uses not limited strictly to an actual die. A number of specific examples according to embodiments of the invention will be described.  
         [0040]    [0040]FIG. 2 illustrates flexible carrier  12  having rigid-to-flexible protection mechanism  20  formed thereon or therein. Die  14  is shown in phantom by the dotted lines. Protection mechanism  20  includes a plurality of dots or pads  21  formed of a material at least as rigid and preferably more rigid than flexible carrier  12 , according to embodiments of the invention, so that the entire arrangement of mechanism  20  selectively adds stiffness to flexible carrier  12  in an optimal pattern.  
         [0041]    According to one example, mechanism  20  has a pattern in which the greatest rigidity or stiffness is provided at the center of the pattern, such as central pad  22 , which corresponds to the location of die  14 . This generally ensures that die  14 , which is relatively fragile, will not fail due to flexing of die  14  on flexible carrier  12 . As protection mechanism  20  extends radially outward from die  14  and central pad  22 , each pad  21  becomes smaller and/or less rigid, with pads  21  generally forming concentric rings  26  about central pad  22 , according to the illustrated embodiment. Accordingly, protection mechanism  20  provides the greatest rigidity at die  14  with progressively less stiffness farther away from die or other electronic component  14 .  
         [0042]    The less stiff region farther away from die  14  allows some bending but is more rigid than the rigidity of the flexible carrier alone, so that wires  16  in fan out pattern  18  do not touch each other, or experience fatigue failure, due to frequent bending. Of course, application of the variable flexibility protection mechanism is not limited only to die-on-flex arrangements, but also to any e.g. electronically based product that flexes. The protection mechanism permits the product to flex variably (in any or all directions) while generally preventing flexing in an isolated region of the electronic component (e.g. die, silicon integrated circuits, controllers, connectors, processors, other electronic components, etc.) that cannot withstand flexing as readily.  
         [0043]    [0043]FIG. 3 shows a larger schematic illustration of the pattern of FIG. 2. Protection mechanism  20  includes a distance (d) between successive concentric rings  26  of pads  21  and a width (w) corresponding to the relative width of each ring  26 . Both the distance (d) and the width (w) can remain constant, or can vary. For example, the distance (d) between rings  26  preferably becomes larger as rings  26  extend radially outward from the center of the pattern, lending progressively more flexibility away from die  14 . In this example, the width (w) of rings  26  remains constant or optionally becomes progressively smaller farther away from die  14 .  
         [0044]    Alternatively, the distance (d) between successive concentric rings  26  remains constant, and the width (w) of rings  26  decreases farther away from die  14  to provide the progressive flexibility that fans outwardly from die  14 . Of course, the variability in either distance (d) between rings  26  or their width need not be continuous or regular. Rather, the distance (d) between rings  26  and width (w) of each ring  26  is selected to achieve the optimal variability in rigidity to flexibility in one or more directions as desired to provide greater rigidity or flexibility as needed for die  14 , flexible carrier  12 , and associated components and wiring  16 ,  18 .  
         [0045]    Moreover, the pads shown in FIGS.  2 - 3  need not form rings  26  but can be spaced regularly or irregularly to achieve a desired pattern of variable rigidity to flexibility. Such pads or other stiffener elements can individually be of the following shapes, or collectively can form one or more of the following shapes (in the manner that the pads form e.g. rings  26 ): one or more ovals, spirals, ellipses, squares, rectangles, triangles, webs, geometric shapes or patterns, random shapes or patterns, or any other regular or irregular shape or pattern for protection as desired.  
         [0046]    FIGS.  4 - 5  show protection mechanism  30  on flexible carrier  12  having spiral pattern  32  of arm  33  with its center  34  at die  14 . As shown in FIG. 5, successive arms  33  preferably have less width and are farther apart (d becomes greater) as spiral  32  extends radially outward from center  34  and die  14 . Center  34  is sized and shaped with sufficient rigidity to prevent undue flexing of die  14  on flexible carrier  12 . However, as previously described for the embodiment of FIGS.  2 - 3 , the distance and width of arm  33  of spiral  32  are selected as necessary to provide a desired variable rigidity pattern for die  14  and flexible carrier  12 .  
         [0047]    In most applications, it is expected that spiral pattern  32  will become thinner and have greater spacing between successive concentric turns of arm  33  farther away from die  14 , thereby providing greater rigidity nearer die  14  and lesser rigidity farther from die  14 . Since spiral  32  is formed as one piece according to this particular embodiment, spiral  32  can be placed or formed on die  14  and/or carrier  12  (or other layer) in a single drop placement or forming step.  
         [0048]    [0048]FIG. 6 illustrates rigid-to-flex protection mechanism  40  including center pad or disc  42  with concentric rings  44 . As before, the distance (d) between rings  44  and the width (w) of each ring  44  is selected to achieve optimal variability in flexibility at, and extending away from, die  14  on flexible carrier  12 . Moreover, each ring  44  need not form a perfect circle but can be made in an elliptical shape, or other shape, to optimize the desired pattern of stiffness.  
         [0049]    As shown in FIG. 6, rings  44  may require separate formation or placement on die  14  and/or carrier  12  since there is no interconnection between rings  44 .  
         [0050]    Alternatively, a temporary carrier or ring interconnection is used to maintain selected spacing between rings  44  during formation or placement on die  14  and/or flexible carrier  12  and/or associated layering/structure.  
         [0051]    Variable flexibility pattern  46  shown in FIG. 7 includes arms  48  that interconnect concentric rings  44  so that taken together, all of rings  44  form a single piece, thereby simplifying installation or formation on die  14  and/or carrier  12  and/or other layer associated with die  14  or carrier  12 . Arms  48  also maintain spacing between rings  44 .  
         [0052]    In all of the above examples, the rings, pads, or other shaped objects forming the rigid-to-flexible protection mechanism ( 20 ,  30 ,  40 , etc.) can be formed of any desired material, e.g. ceramic or other material. The protection mechanisms are also formed of a material that is capable of transmitting heat along the mechanism to a heat sink or is capable of transmitting EMI protection along the mechanism, or both heat and EMI protection, or neither heat nor EMI protection. Of course, the mechanism can be made of any suitable heat transfer material or for assisting in heat transfer, and can optionally be used with radiating heat means such as that available through Sandia Labs. The mechanism can also optionally be integrated to power saving materials, such as Citizen&#39;s thermocouple module based on BiSbTe and BiTe.  
         [0053]    As shown in FIGS.  8 - 10 , in all of the rigid-to-flexible protection mechanisms described above, the mechanism (e.g. mechanism  20 ,  30 ,  40 , etc.) can be formed within flexible carrier  12  (FIG. 8), over die  14  and flexible carrier  12  (FIG. 9), or under die  14  and on top of flexible carrier  12  (FIG. 10). The mechanism can be implemented separately or integrally with flexible carrier/substrate  12  (or other electronic flexible design, e.g. flexible motherboard). Stiffener patterns according to embodiments of the invention can be coupled to substrate or carrier  12  in a variety of ways, including by stitching (for example in the case of a cloth-based or cloth-attached substrate), adhesive, thermally, or by a number of other modes. Stiffener pattern  12  can be aligned with webbing or other structural feature of substrate  12 , aligned against the webbing or feature, or be randomly disposed with respect to substrate  12 .  
         [0054]    Moreover, the rigid-to-flexible protection mechanism can be placed in any combination of these locations or another location or layer relative to die  14  and flexible carrier  12  to enhance and accommodate the flexible nature of flexible and/or wearable computing module or system  10 . In a particular embodiment, any combination is chosen that is suitable for providing greater rigidity for system  10  at support  12  to protect e.g. die  14 , and e.g. its associated tightly nested wires, from flexing-type fatigue failure and for providing lesser rigidity on carrier  12  farther away from die or other component  14 .  
         [0055]    [0055]FIG. 11 shows placement of system  10  in a wearable computing environment when placed on a user  50 , e.g. as a belt or connected to a belt. System  10  can take or be associated with many other wearable, pocketable or carryable forms, e.g. a wallet, PDA, purse, bag, calculator, etc.  
         [0056]    Embodiments of the invention contemplate additional specific features and examples. According to one example, substrate, support or carrier  12  is or has a multi-layer board, e.g. an eight-layer board, one or more of the layers being a copper layer or otherwise being formed of one or more conductive materials. A stiffener pattern according to any of the above-described embodiments can be placed in, on, or in association with the board before or after the die or other component is placed. In one example, the stiffener pattern constitutes or is formed as a part of one of the layers, or more than one of the layers, either before or after the die is placed in association with the board or board population otherwise occurs, to form one or more flex management layers.  
         [0057]    According to embodiments of the invention, one or more electronic components can be located in one or more relatively stiff regions of substrate  12 , and each component can include one or more connectors or chips for a display, e.g. a flexible display, or other electronic device. Alternatively, or additionally, substrate  12  can constitute or be a part of a flexible display, with one or more stiffeners according to the above-described examples being incorporated within and/or on substrate  12 . Flexible displays produced and/or discussed by Cambridge Display Technology, Cambridge, UK, for example, are among those suited for use according to embodiments of the invention. Light emitting polymer (LEP) displays, LEP single or multiple pixel devices fabricated on e.g. flexible polyester substrates, conjugated polymers for displays, and displays and associated technology related to or incorporating U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,247,190 and 5,399,502, both of which are incorporated herein by reference, are among those readily adaptable to and useable with embodiments of the invention. Thus, the foregoing are examples of electronic devices that can be or be akin to substrate/carrier  12 , having or being associated with areas of differing rigidity and/or stiffeners according to embodiments of the invention. Flexible chips and other chips that are a part of displays according to the technologies described above can be protected according to embodiments of the invention. Embodiments of the invention can be added to already existing displays and other technologies, and/or be produced as the displays, etc. themselves are produced. Flexible batteries can also comprise carrier/support  12 , as can flexible touchpads e.g. for input operations to a computing device, cellular phone or other communications and/or computing device.  
         [0058]    According to embodiments of the invention, multiple “patches” of stiffness/protection can be formed throughout carrier or substrate  12 . Some patches can be more rigid or solid; others can be less so, depending on the degree of protection desired for a particular associated electronic component or other device/area in which bending or flexing is not desirable. Such patches can be of the same shape or of different shapes. Such patches or areas can also overlap, according to embodiments of the invention, creating any desired pattern of rigidity or flexibility over the entire extent of the substrate/carrier or over one or more localized regions thereof.  
         [0059]    Any of the patterns and/or stiffeners  20 ,  30 , etc. described herein can be incorporated into and/or onto both sides of carrier/substrate  12  or other electronic device, as shown in e.g. FIG. 12. A pattern on one side may be all that is needed for a particular application, but multiple patterns on one or both sides, working with or against each other, are also contemplated.  
         [0060]    Embodiments of the invention can be incorporated into a variety of materials or products having various degrees of elasticity or “stretchiness,” even varying elasticity within the same product. The combination of stiffener(s) or stiffener pattern(s) and varying stretchability in the carrier/substrate  12  or other product or material can yield an advantageous, synergistic effect. The carrier/substrate  12  or other product or material can include more elasticity in areas where more bending is desired, and more rigidity in areas where more protection is desired. Embodiments of the invention can be incorporated into a sheet of material that e.g. is cut out of a larger piece of material in a desired pattern. Stiffener(s) according to the invention can be applied and then removed, e.g. for washing of the underlying substrate in the case of an electronic garment or other cloth-based support. Snap-in or other attachment mechanisms are contemplated to connect such stiffener(s) at various locations and may also be part of the overall design of varying flexibility.  
         [0061]    Stiffener patterns according to the invention can be multi-colored or of a single color, in accordance with a color scheme present on substrate/carrier  12  or to enhance one or more aspects thereof. Alternatively, or additionally, substrate/carrier  12  can be clear/transparent or translucent, to allow viewing of underlying electronics or structure.  
         [0062]    Stiffener patterns according to the invention can be coupled with one or more substrates/supports  12  to provide more or less flexibility as may be desirable to allow substrate/support  12  to form a specific three-dimensional shape, e.g. a box or enclosure as shown in FIG. 13, cube, pyramid, sphere, cone, curve, enclosure optionally for another device, container, etc. Such shapes can be reconfigurable, e.g. bent or flexed to be rearranged or re-formed into the same or different shapes. Such shapes can provide improved configurations for transport, for wearability, and/or for user-interface purposes, such as a flexible or semi-flexible design to provide a sheet for a display, or create a laptop or laptop-compatible configuration, or create a surface for electrical and/or physical connection to a keyboard, for example.  
         [0063]    [0063]FIG. 14 is a schematic view of a system  10  incorporating variable flexibility mechanisms  20 ,  30 , etc. as described herein stitched at  60  to garment  62 , e.g. a wearable electronic garment or another garment that supports or comprises one or more electronic devices, e.g. CD players, MP 3  players, other entertainment devices, cellular telephones, pagers, other communication and/or computing devices, etc.  
         [0064]    Embodiments of the invention can incorporate or be associated with a linear array noise-canceling microphone protection pattern aimed or configured in an appropriate direction for the user and/or one or more other individuals with whom the user is speaking.  
         [0065]    While the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, the description is illustrative and is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. For example, individual features or elements of any of the various disclosed embodiments can be combined to suit a particular application. Additionally, the illustrated and described features can be used with not only wearable computers but also with other types of computing devices and electronic devices. Wireless or wired, infrared, optical, and other communication schemes are contemplated. Instead of flexible circuitry, ribbon or otherwise, additional signal-relaying componentry can be used in all embodiments of the invention. By “signal” is meant power signals, data signals, and other electrical, optical, IR, RF or other signals providing transmission and/or communication. Electronic components contemplated for protection on substrate  12  according to embodiments of the invention include die, dice, silicon integrated circuits, controllers, processors, chips, multi-chip modules, connectors, displays or portions of displays, and other electronic components, a number of which are described or referenced above. Various other modifications and changes may occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.