Abstract:
A surface light source device. A light guide plate has an incident end face, an emitting face, at least one full-reflective face, and a plurality of light adjusters. The full-reflective face reflects light onto the incident end face for direction to the emitting face for transmission. The light adjusters are disposed in the light guide plate with a density discontinuously varied in at least one area of the light guide plate to adjust light collection for emission from the different areas of the emitting face, hereby providing discontinuous light intensity. The light source is disposed in the vicinity of the incident end face.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
   1. Field of the Invention 
   The present invention relates to a flat panel display, and in particular to a surface light source device thereof providing discontinuous light intensity distribution. 
   2. Description of the Related Art 
   Flat panel displays (FPD) are widely applied in the fields of information, communication, transportation, and consumptive electronic products due to their high resolution, light weight and compact size, low voltage and low power consumption. The related products are large-screen-sized high definition television sets (HDTV), wall-hung type television sets and projecting television sets, and projection television sets, notebook computers, PDA (personal digital assistant), GPS (global positioning system), electronic dictionaries, and the like. 
   When a liquid crystal display is used in low or dim light, internal illumination is usually provided by a surface light source of side light type fitted with a light guide plate. For example, a conventional surface light source device of side light type  1 ′ covers a reflective liquid crystal panel  2 ′, as disclosed in  FIG. 1 .  FIG. 2  discloses a conventional surface light device of side light type  1 ′ stacked in a transmissive liquid crystal panel  3 ′. The surface light source mainly comprises a light guide plate  11 ′ and a light source  12 ′. The light source  12 ′ is placed along an end surface  111 ′ of the light guide plate  11 ′. As shown in  FIG. 1 , the reflective liquid crystal panel  2 ′ comprises, from top to bottom, an upper polarized plate  21 ′, an upper substrate  22 ′, a liquid crystal cell  23 ′, a reflective layer  24 ′, and a lower substrate  25 ′, and further the surface light source  1 ′ covering the upper polarized plate  21 ′. As shown in  FIG. 2 , the transmissive liquid crystal panel  3 ′ comprises, from top to bottom, an upper polarized plate  31 ′, an upper substrate  32 ′, a liquid crystal cell  33 ′, a lower substrate  34 ′, a lower polarized plate  35 ′, a diffusion plate  36 ′, the surface light source  1 ′ device, and a reflective plate  37 ′. 
   Light emitted by the light source  12 ′ enters the light guide plate  11 ′ from the end surface  111 ′ and undergoes total reflection inside the light guide plate  11 ′, according to Snell&#39;s Law. The micro-prism  112 ′ structure on the top of the light guide plate  11 ′ reflects and directs the light to the emitting face  113 ′ of the bottom of the light guide plate  11 ′ for emission, such that light emitted therefrom exhibits a uniform brightness distribution in the total area. Then, as shown in  FIGS. 1 and 2 , the light is further collected uniformly into the desired display ranges of the liquid crystal panel  2 ′ or  3 ′ (reflective and transmissive types, respectively). In addition, light adjusters, such as micro-reflectors or diffusers, may be set in the light guide plate to improve uniformity of light intensity from the light guide plate.  FIGS. 3 and 4  show a graph of distribution density of the light adjusters versus the distance between the light adjusters and the light source and a graph of the property of the light output from the light guide plate. 
   The improvement of light guide plate and surface light source device performance is mostly effected by the design of the liquid crystal panel working together. Especially, for liquid crystal panel development, early reflective and transmissive types have evolved into the transflective type, and, in turn, applications currently gradually developed in which pixels with different light transmittivities are set in different areas in the display range of the liquid crystal panel. For example, in a panel structure of a single liquid crystal layer with duplex image function, the liquid crystal panel has a transmissive area and a reflective area, in which a side image of the liquid crystal panel is formed by light transmitted from a surface light source through the transmissive area, and another side image formed by light from a surface light source reflected by the reflective area. However, surface light source devices equipped with conventional light guide plates purposely provide a surface light illumination of uniform brightness in all areas. When the surface light illumination of uniform brightness works together with liquid crystal panels having areas of different light transmitivity as mentioned above, brightness is not uniform in the display range of the liquid crystal panel. 
   SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
   Accordingly, an object of the invention is to provide a surface light source device providing light output with discontinuous light intensity distribution in at least one area. 
   To achieve the object, the surface light source device of the present invention comprises a light guide plate and a light source. The light guide plate has an incident end face, an emitting face, at least one full-reflective face, and a plurality of light adjusters. The full-reflective face completely reflects the light incident onto the incident end face for advancement to the emitting face and transmission through the light guide plate. The light adjusters are disposed in the light guide plate, in such a way that the light adjuster distribution density variation is not continuous in at least one area of the light guide plate, adjusting the fully reflected light collected after emission from the different areas of the emitting face to present a discontinuous light intensity. The light source is disposed in the vicinity of the incident end face of the light guide plate to provide light onto the incident end face of the light guide plate. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     The present invention can be more fully understood by reading the subsequent detailed description and examples with references made to the accompanying drawings, wherein: 
       FIG. 1  is a schematic view of a conventional reflective display structure; 
       FIG. 2  is a schematic view of a conventional transmissive display structure; 
       FIG. 3  is a graph of distribution density of the light adjusters versus the distance between the light adjusters and the light source in a conventional application; 
       FIG. 4  is a graph of the properties of light output from the conventional light guide plate; 
       FIG. 5  is a schematic top view of the first embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 6  is schematic cross section along line  6 — 6  shown in  FIG. 5 ; 
       FIG. 7  is a graph of distribution density of the light adjusters along the line  6 — 6  shown in  FIG. 5  versus the distance between the adjusters and the light source; 
       FIG. 8  is a graph of the properties of light output from the light guide plate of the first preferred embodiment; 
       FIG. 9  is a schematic top view of the second embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 10  is a schematic top view of the third embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 11  is a schematic top view of the fourth embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 12  is a schematic top view of the fifth embodiment of the present invention; and 
       FIG. 13  is schematic cross section along line  13 — 13  shown in  FIG. 12 . 
   

   A detailed description is given in the following embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. 
   DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     FIGS. 5 and 6  show the flat panel display  1  of the first preferred embodiment of the present invention, which mainly comprises a display panel  2  and a surface light source device  3 . 
   The display panel  2  comprises a semi-transmissive area  21  and a transmissive area  22 . The semi-transmissive area  21  is disposed in the central part of the display panel  2  with a rectangular shape. The transmissive area  22  is adjacent to the semi-transmissive area  21  and occupies the remainder of the display panel  2 . Each of the areas  21  and  22  comprises, from top to bottom, an upper polarized plate  211 , an upper phase shift sheet  212 , an upper substrate  213 , a filter  214 , a liquid crystal cell  215 , a lower substrate  216 , a lower phase shift sheet  217 , and a lower polarized plate  218 . Furthermore, the semi-transmissive area  21  comprises a semi-reflective layer  219  between the liquid crystal cell  215  and the lower substrate  216 , such that the transmitivity of the semi-transmissive area  21  is less than that of the transmissive area  22 . Transmitivity for transmissive area  22  and semi-transmissive area  21  is generally about 70% and about 50%, respectively. For easier understanding, the sizes of the elements and the gaps in the Drawings are not to scale. The elements are adhered to each other by adhesive agents. In addition to the elements shown in the drawings, anti-glare film, spacer ball, liquid crystal driver IC, and driver circuit may be required in a flat panel display, but are not shown or described in detail for brevity. 
   The surface light source device  3  on the display panel  2  comprises a light source  31  and a light guide plate  32 . The light source  31  may be an array of point light sources (such as light-emitting diodes), a linear light source converted from the point light sources, or a cold cathode fluorescence lamp (CCFL) of linear shape. The light guide plate  32  comprises light transmissive material, such as, for example, transparent resin, such as acrylic, polycarbonate or epoxy resin, quartz, or glass, transparent in the wavelength range of the light source. The light guide plate  32  has an incident end face  321 , an emitting face  322 , a full-reflective face  323 , a plurality of light adjusters  324 , and a reflective layer  325 . To notably indicate the locally discontinuous density distribution state of those light adjusters, only the discontinuous density distribution area is shown and labeled in  FIGS. 5 and 6 , also true for subsequent embodiments. Light source  31  is disposed along the incident end face  321 . The emitting face  322  is fixed to the display panel  2 . The full-reflective faces opposite to the emitting face  322  reflect the incident light received by the incident end face  321  from the light source  31  and direct it to the emitting face  322  for emission from the light guide plate  32 . 
   Light adjusters  324  are disposed in the light guide plate  32  in the area formed by the projection of the semi-transmissive area  21  of the display panel  2 , parallel to the normal direction of the emitting face  322  onto the light guide plate  32 , with a discontinuous density distribution. Light adjustors may be micro-reflectors or diffusers. The reflective layer  325  is disposed on the full-reflective face  323  corresponding contrarily to the area formed by the projection of the light adjusters  324  parallel to the normal direction of the emitting face  322  onto the full-reflective face  323 . The reflective layer  325  may comprises silver colored metal material, such as silver, aluminum, an alloy thereof or the like, or white non-metal material, such as magnesium oxide, titanium oxide and the like, in order to recover and maximize light otherwise scattered by the full-reflective face  323  due to refraction. Brightness of the transmissive area  22  of the display panel  2  is thus improved by collection of the light output from the light guide plate  32  onto the transmissive area  22 , as shown in  FIG. 8 , such that total area brightness opposite to the surface light source device  3  in the flat panel display  1  is uniform. 
   In addition, assisting elements (not shown in the drawings) can be optionally disposed, as desired, in the surface light source device  3  to cover light source  31  and scatter the light in other directions of light source  31  onto the incident end face  321  of the light guide plate  32 . Assisting elements generally comprises resin sheets coated with metal film having high reflectivity or metal foils. 
   In the flat panel display described, the quantity and the distribution of the semi-transmissive area and the transmissive area can vary with the product design, for example, as indicated in  FIGS. 9 ,  10 , and  11 , showing the surface light source device  4 ,  5 ,  6  of the second, third, and fourth preferred embodiments, respectively. The main difference is variation among the distribution regions of the light adjusters  41 ,  51 ,  61  in the surface light source devices  4 ,  5 , and  6 , respectively. In the second preferred embodiment, the light adjuster  41  is disposed corresponding to the semi-transmissive area, rectangular and located in the central part of the display panel (not shown in the drawings), so that the total area brightness of the bonding face of the display panel opposite to the surface light source device  4  is uniform as also mentioned in the previous embodiment. In the third preferred embodiment, the light adjuster  51  is disposed corresponding to the semi-transmissive area which comprises three rectangles side by side with interval in the central part of the display panel (not shown in the drawings) to exhibit the effect mentioned in the first embodiment. In the fourth embodiment, the light adjuster  61  is disposed corresponding to the semi-transmissive area which, together with the transmissive area of the display panel (not shown in the drawings), forms a grid pattern to exhibit the effect mentioned in the first embodiment. 
     FIGS. 12 and 13  show the flat panel display  7  of the fifth preferred embodiment of the present invention. The structure of the flat panel display  7  is similar to the first embodiment for the reflective area  82  adjacent to the semi-transmissive area  81  occupying the remaining area of the display panel  8 . Desired brightness of the semi-transmissive area  81  and the reflective area  82  receiving light from the surface light source device  9  can be easily attained by adjustment of the density of the light adjusters  924  disposed in the light guide plate  92 , and furthermore, the total area brightness of the surface at the same side of the flat panel display  7  and the surface light source device  9  can be uniform. In this case, the semi-transmissive area  81  and the reflective area  82  each comprises, from top to bottom, an upper polarized plate  811 , an upper phase shift sheet  812 , an upper substrate  813 , a filter  814 , a liquid crystal cell  815 , a lower substrate  816 , a lower phase shift sheet  817 , and a lower polarized plate  818 . Furthermore, the semi-transmissive area  81  comprises a semi-reflective layer  819  between the liquid crystal cell  815  and the lower substrate  816  and the reflective area  82  comprises a reflective layer  829  between the liquid crystal cell  815  and the lower substrate  816 . The light guide plate  92  comprises an incident end face  921 , a full-reflective face  922 , and a plurality of light adjusters  924 . 
   It is to be noted that, as those skilled in the art may easily know, light intensity can be also adjusted by the disposition of a set of micro-prisms on the full-reflective surface of the light guide plate of the present invention to allow the surface light source device to provide locally discontinuous light intensity distribution, the distribution of the set of micro-prisms also having the same requirement as the light adjusters in the application corresponding to the panel displays of the embodiments. In other aspect, a surface light source device exhibiting a locally discontinuous light intensity distribution may also be obtained using electroluminescent (EL) material or organic light emitting diode (OLED) to form a face-shaped light emitting layer having the input voltage of each section individually controlled. 
   Summarily, in the present invention, different regions of light from the surface light source device provide discontinuous brightness attained by the light guide plate of the surface light source device having a plurality of light adjusters disposed therein in such a way that the density variation is not continuous in at least one area, thereby adjusting the light collection in the light guide plate. 
   While the invention has been described by way of example and in terms of the preferred embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments. To the contrary, it is intended to cover various modifications and similar arrangements (as would be apparent to those skilled in the art). Therefore, the scope of the appended claims should be accorded the broadest interpretation so as to encompass all such modifications and similar arrangements.