Abstract:
Provided is a thermocouple transition body apparatus comprising: a transition body, having at least one recess; a positive electrical terminal; a negative electrical terminal; and, at least one cap; wherein the transition body, positive terminal, and negative terminal are configured to attach to conductors without the use of epoxy or crimping. The thermocouple transition body apparatus is able to withstand temperatures exceeding 500 degrees Fahrenheit.

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
       [0001]    The present invention relates to electrical conductors. More particularly, the present invention relates to a thermocouple transition body apparatus for use in measuring temperature differentials across an electrical circuit. 
       BACKGROUND 
       [0002]    Thermocouples are commonly used in the aerospace industry to instrument and measure temperatures in critical components of engines, turbines or other high-performance machines. A thermocouple consists of two dissimilar metal conductors that are electrically bonded to form a junction at the point where temperature measurement is to take place; when the temperature at the junction differs from the temperature at a different reference location in the circuit, a voltage having a known relationship to the temperature and the thermocouple metals used develops across the two conductors. Thermocouples are very simple and reliable, but ordinary electrical insulation on their conductors would quickly be destroyed by the high temperatures encountered in the hot sections of some engines or turbines. Thermocouples for such applications therefore are manufactured using an outer sheath or tube made of an alloy that has a very high melting temperature and is hollow, within which the conductors are insulated with nonconductive magnesium oxide powder which does not melt at the temperatures involved. The thermocouple junction is located just inside the tip of the sheath, which commonly is closed at the end to protect it. This configuration is referred to herein as a “hard line” thermocouple; some can tolerate temperatures of several thousand degrees. 
         [0003]    Developmental testing of new engine or high-performance machinery designs may require instrumentation with dozens or hundreds of thermocouples located in carefully chosen locations. The hard lines are stiff and are formed, routed and mounted in place along selected paths on the engine or machine under test. The data collection equipment to which the thermocouples connect is located external to the enclosure or cell in which the engine or machine is operated, but the hard lines will not tolerate repeated flexing, so after exiting the hot section(s) and reaching locations where temperatures are sufficiently benign to allow use of more conventional electrical insulation, the hard line thermocouple conductors are transitioned to flexible extension leads which then egress to the data collection equipment located near the engine or machine test cell. The current method of making this transition typically involves manual crimping of a strain relief device between the flexible extension leads and the hard line sheath, soldering of the extension lead wires to the wires exiting the hard line sheath, insulating the soldered connections using epoxy, and manual crimping of an additional outer protective sleeve over the inner strain relief device and insulated connections. Due to the custom nature of the testing that requires such instrumentation, the manual crimping process typically is performed on site in the engine or machine test cell. The wires exiting the hard line sheath are very fine gauge (as small as 0.006 inch diameter), and the soldering, insulating, epoxy cure times, and manual crimping processes add up to a difficult and time-consuming process that requires skill, careful technique and attention to delicate details. Despite careful technique, shorting of spliced leads or breakage of a fine lead where it exits the hard line sheath still sometimes occurs, rendering that particular thermocouple useless. If temperature measurements from that particular thermocouple are critical, then (depending on its location) replacement of the thermocouple may require either partial or total disassembly of the engine or machine—an expensive loss in terms of both time and money. Even if no wire breakage or shorting occurs, the process of carefully soldering, insulating and crimping the many leads and sleeves is tedious, non-ergonomic, and causes manual fatigue. If the extension leads must be changed, the leads must be cut and the new leads rejoined, reinsulated and re-crimped, with attendant increased risk of a short or breakage. 
         [0004]    What is needed is a device that provides a means of rapidly, easily and reliably transitioning hard line thermocouple conductors to flexible extension leads without requiring manual soldering, insulating and crimping. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0005]    Provided is a thermocouple transition body apparatus comprising: a transition body, having at least one recess; a positive electrical terminal; a negative electrical terminal; and, at least one cap; wherein the transition body, positive terminal, and negative terminal are configured to attach to conductors without the use of epoxy or crimping. The thermocouple transition body apparatus is able to withstand temperatures exceeding 500 degrees Fahrenheit. 
     
    
     
       DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0006]      FIG. 1  is a perspective view of an embodiment of a thermocouple transition body apparatus with electrical wiring installed; 
           [0007]      FIG. 2  is an exploded perspective view of an embodiment of a thermocouple transition body apparatus; 
           [0008]      FIG. 3  is close-up view of the terminal region of the thermocouple transition body apparatus embodiment; 
           [0009]      FIG. 4  is an exploded side view of an embodiment of a thermocouple transition body apparatus, showing use of inserted locking pins; 
           [0010]      FIG. 5  is an overhead view of an embodiment of a thermocouple transition body apparatus with electrical wiring installed; 
           [0011]      FIG. 6  is an overhead view of an embodiment of a closed thermocouple transition body apparatus with electrical wiring installed; 
           [0012]      FIG. 7  is a side view of an embodiment of a closed thermocouple transition body apparatus; and, 
           [0013]      FIG. 8  is a side view of an embodiment of a closed thermocouple transition body apparatus with electrical wiring installed. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0014]    As discussed herein, the thermocouple transition body apparatus may be alternatively referred to as a thermocouple or thermocouple apparatus with no change in meaning thereof. 
         [0015]    With reference to  FIGS. 1 and 2 , the transition body  100  is generally rectangular in shape, and may be made of a composite material that is nonconductive, physically robust, and tolerant of both high and low temperatures without degradation of its electrical and physical properties. The transition body  100  should be able to operate normally without degradation at all temperatures, including below the freezing point of water or exceeding 500 degrees Fahrenheit. 
         [0016]    With continued reference to  FIGS. 1 and 2 , a positive terminal  102  and a negative terminal  104 , can be molded into the top flat face of the transition body  100 , each metal terminal having two female threads to accept similarly-threaded screws  106 . The positive and negative terminals  102 / 104  and corresponding screws  106  constitute a means of electrically and mechanically connecting the thermocouple conductors  108  to the extension wire conductors  110 , thus continuing the electrical path between the two leads. The positive and negative terminals  102 / 104  and corresponding screws  106  can made of alloys chosen to be compatible with the metal alloys used for the thermocouple conductors  108  and extension wire conductors  110 . For example, for a type K thermocouple the positive and negative terminals  102 / 104  can be made of Chromel and Alumel respectively. 
         [0017]    With continued reference to  FIGS. 1 and 2 , the transition body  100  can have physical recesses (best seen in  FIG. 3 , reference  300 ) that can be curved and configured to accommodate and closely fit both the hard line sheath  112  and flexible extension wires  114 . The recesses  300  can be defined by raised areas  116  on either side of the recesses which can be molded into the face of the transition body  100 . The raised areas  116  can provide strain relief for the hard line sheath  112  and flexible extension wires  114 . 
         [0018]    With continued reference to  FIGS. 1 and 2 , tracks  118  and female snap locks  120  can be molded into the sides of the transition body  100 , these features being profiled to fit and accept correspondingly-profiled protective caps  122  which can be installed onto the transition body  100  by sliding the protective caps  122  onto the transition body  100  at either or both ends. The protective caps  122  may similarly be made of a composite material that is nonconductive, physically robust, and tolerant of both the same high and low temperatures as the transition body  100 , without degradation of electrical and physical properties. The protective caps  122  can be molded with profiles on their sides that act as slides  124  which interface with and fit the tracks  118  molded into the sides of the transition body  100 . Portions of the side profiles of the top caps  122  can be configured to form lead-in ramps that allow less initial force to be applied to the protective caps  122  as their first portions are slid onto the transition body  100 . The faces of the protective caps  122  can vary in the thickness of the material, being thinner at their ends closest to the center of the transition body  100  and increasing in thickness toward their opposite ends such that, as the protective caps  122  are installed by sliding them from both ends toward the center of the transition body  100 , the clearance between the undersides of the protective caps  122  and the top flat face of the transition body  100  can decrease, thereby functioning as a wedge  126  that can press down on and can linearly and rotationally immobilize the hard line sheath  112  and flexible extension wires  114  which previously have been routed through the recesses  300  molded into the face of the transition body  100 . The wedge  126  can provide additional strain relief on the hard line sheath  112  and flexible extension wires  114 . 
         [0019]    With reference to  FIG. 4 , small male snap teeth  400  can be molded into the side tracks  118  of the protective caps  122  in locations such that, as the protective caps  122  are installed on the transition body  100 , these features can engage with small ramps  402  and female snap locks  120  which can be molded into the sides of the transition body  100  near its center. When the protective caps  122  are fully installed, the male snap teeth  400  and female snap locks  120  lock together, thereby providing means of securing the protective caps  122  in place when they are slid into proper position. As an alternative to snap locks ( 400  and  120  collectively), a hole  127  can pass through each protective cap  122 , located so as to align with a corresponding hole  128  in the transition body  100  when the protective cap  122  is fully installed. A locking pin  129  may be inserted into each of the aligned holes  127  in the protective caps  122  and holes  128  in the transition body  100 , thereby providing means of securing the protective caps  122  in place after they are slid into the proper position. With the protective caps  122  fully installed and the snap locks ( 400  and  120  collectively) engaged, or alternatively with the locking pins  129  inserted, the protective caps  122  can protect the spliced connections of the thermocouple conductors  108  to the extension wire conductors  110  and also provide a locking means of strain relief that ensures that the hard line sheath  112  and flexible extension wires  114  are adequately restrained. With application of appropriate force in the proper location, or alternatively with removal of locking pins  129 , the protective caps  112  can be unlocked and slid back open to release the strain relief and reveal the positive and negative terminals  102 / 104 . According to another aspect of the invention, the transition body  100  can include both snap locks ( 400  and  120  collectively) and locking pins  129  to further secure the protective caps  122  in the closed position. 
         [0020]    With reference to  FIGS. 5-8 , the disclosed thermocouple apparatus is shown from various angles with the protective caps  122  in the open ( FIG. 5 ) and closed position ( FIGS. 6-8 ). When the protective caps  122  are closed, the hard line sheath  112  and flexible extension wires  114  can be locked into the thermocouple apparatus and extend therefrom. The protective caps  122  can provide strain relief to the hard line sheath  112  and the flexible extension wires  144 . Additionally, the closed protective caps  122  can provide physical isolation and electrical insulation of the thermocouple conductors  108  and the extension wire conductors  110  without the need to apply insulating epoxy. In turn, this can eliminate the time delay in waiting for epoxy to cure, and can eliminate the need to manually “dress” and tuck epoxy-insulated soldered splices into a volume small enough to fit within an outer crimped protective sleeve, thus greatly improving the consistency and integrity of the necessary electrical isolation for such connections. 
         [0021]    According to the disclosed embodiments, the protective caps  122  and transition body  100  can eliminate the need to make multiple connections, thereby reducing the risk of wire breakage or shorting. Further, the disclosed apparatus can be opened and the lead wires can be changes, thereby allowing the apparatus to be reusable for multiple applications. Finally, the disclosed apparatus can facilitate changing of extension leads if necessary during an instrumentation reconfiguration without requiring cutting and re-soldering, reinsulating and re-crimping. 
         [0022]    According to the described embodiments, the positive terminal  102  and negative terminal  104  are arranged side by side, however, according to other embodiments the positive and negative terminals  102 / 104  can be arranged diagonally or in tandem relation to each other. 
         [0023]    According to another embodiment, the disclosed apparatus, including the transition body  100  and protective caps  122 , may be resized or reshaped according to the desired application without removing or altering the function as disclosed herein. 
         [0024]    As described above, the present disclosure has been described with preferred embodiments thereof and it is understood that many changes and modifications to the described embodiments can be carried out without departing from the scope and the spirit of the present disclosure that is intended to be limited only by the appended claims. 
         [0025]    Having thus described the invention, it is now claimed: