Abstract:
A testing device comprises a transmission path comprising at least one leakage conduction antenna disposed in the cabin of the aircraft, a control device coupled to the transmission path, said control device comprising a generating device for generating a broad-band interference signal and a transfer device for feeding an HF signal to the leakage conduction antenna, wherein the fed HF signal has a pre-defined power level and contains at least the generated broad-band interference signal, at least one measuring device coupled to the transmission path at a pre-defined coupling point, said measuring device measuring the power level of the HF signal at the coupling point and preparing a measurement signal that is proportional to the measured power level, and an evaluation means for preparing a test result by way of a comparison between the prepared measurement signal and a target signal that depends on the power level of the fed HF signal.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application is a continuation of PCT/EP2009/062042 filed Sep. 17, 2009 and claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional application No. 61/098,054 filed Sep. 18, 2008 and German Patent Application No. 10 2008 042 208.8 filed Sep. 18, 2008, the entire disclosures of which are herein incorporated by reference. 
     
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    The present invention relates to a test device and a method for carrying out a functional test of a communication system, in particular in an aircraft cabin of an aircraft, in particular in the field of aviation and aerospace. 
         [0003]    Although it can be applied to any field, the present invention will be described in greater detail with reference to an aircraft or a passenger aircraft. 
         [0004]    Communication systems in aircraft cabins provide communication services or services, such as GSM, UMTS, WLAN or the like, for the aircraft crew or passengers. 
         [0005]    In order to emit the respective service signal for the corresponding service, a leaky line antenna can be used which is arranged longitudinally in the aircraft cabin. In order to check the correct installation and operation of the communication system, in particular to ensure the distribution of the high-frequency (HF) signal within the aircraft cabin, a coverage measurement (radio supply measurement) is taken in each frequency band of the corresponding services using a HF spectrum analyser and a measuring antenna at a plurality of different locations in the aircraft cabin. The measurement results can vary widely depending on the condition and configuration of the aircraft cabin and on the selection of the measurement location. For this reason the measurement results have to be suitably averaged and corrected by the respective antenna factors of the measuring antennae used. 
         [0006]    In some instances, if a measurement is taken inaccurately or incorrectly, it may appear that a predetermined, in particular legal threshold has not been met, even though this legal threshold has in actual fact been exceeded. Furthermore, it is possible that an error message will be generated, although in actual fact there is no error. 
         [0007]    With conventional measurement using a HF spectrum analyser and specially provided measuring antennae, the respective measurements disadvantageously have to be carried out manually and therefore require a great deal of time and money. Specially trained personnel are also disadvantageously required to take and evaluate the conventional measurements. In particular, these trained personnel must have experience of HF measurements. Furthermore, the conventional measurements require special hardware, for example the HF spectrum analyser and the measuring antennae. 
         [0008]    In order to carry out the test at any desired location in the aircraft cabin. HF test signals are normally used which have a power level requiring legal approval. This legal approval is normally necessary since the conventional HF test signals, with the power levels used, can also still be measured outside the aircraft and may lead to potential interferences to other services. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0009]    A goal of the present invention is therefore to provide an automated functional test of a communication system, in particular in an aircraft cabin of an aircraft. 
         [0010]    A further aim is to provide an automated functional test of a communication system which requires no legal approval. 
         [0011]    A test device for carrying out a functional test of a communication system, in particular in an aircraft cabin of an aircraft, is accordingly proposed and comprises:
       a transmission path which comprises at least one leaky line antenna arranged in the aircraft cabin;   a control device which is coupled to the transmission path and comprises a generating unit for generating a broadband noise signal and a transmission unit for feeding a HF signal to the leaky line antenna, the fed HF signal having a predetermined power level and containing at least the generated broadband noise signal;   at least one measuring unit which is coupled at a predetermined coupling point to the transmission path for measurement of the power level of the HF signal at the coupling point and for provision of a measuring signal which is proportional to the measured power level; and   an evaluation means for providing a test result by comparing the measuring signal provided and a setpoint signal which is dependent on the power level of the fed HF signal.       
 
         [0016]    A method for carrying out a functional test of a communication system, in particular in an aircraft cabin of an aircraft, is further proposed and comprises the following steps:
       generation of broadband noise signal;   feeding of a HF signal into a transmission path which comprises at least one leaky line antenna arranged in the aircraft cabin, the fed HF signal having a predetermined or set power level and containing at least the generated broadband noise signal;   measurement of the power level at a predeterminable coupling point of the transmission path;   provision of a measuring signal which is proportional to the measured power level; and   provision of a test result by comparing the measuring signal provided and a setpoint signal which is dependent on the power level of the fed HF signal.       
 
         [0022]    An advantage of the present invention lies in that the functional test in accordance with the invention of the communication system can be carried out without additional special HF measuring units, such as a HF spectrum analyser, and without the use of specially trained personnel, since all the necessary components of the test device can be integrated into the communication system. 
         [0023]    As a result of the test device according to the invention, the functional test of the communication system can also be actuated merely by a single push of a button which triggers the test device, and can be carried out in a fully automated manner. At the end of the functional test a signal can be provided to the user as a function of the test result. For example, the test result may include an error message or an error code. 
         [0024]    A further advantage of the present invention lies in that it is possible to dispense with the conventional manual measurement in the aircraft cabin, and also with the conventional subsequent processing of the test data. 
         [0025]    In particular, as a result of the measurement transmitted via the leaky line antenna and the measuring unit at the predetermined coupling point, for example at the end of the transmission path, the test results according to the invention are less tainted by fluctuations than the conventional test results and therefore can be better reproduced and are consequently more reliable. As a result of the test device according to the invention and the method according to the invention for carrying out the functional test, errors during installation such as forgotten links or connections, line breaks or damage to the leaky line antenna can be clearly and quickly identified. 
         [0026]    The measurement transmitted through the leaky line antenna further makes it possible, in combination with the use of the measuring unit at least at one predetermined coupling point of the transmission path, to reduce the power level of the HF signal required for the functional test to a power level which renders redundant the request for frequency allocations for the test frequencies used, and therefore legal approval. The functional test according to the invention can thus be carried out at any desired location in the world and requires no legal approval from the relevant national authorities. 
         [0027]    The test device according to the invention is further set up to monitor and optionally adjust the function and efficiency of the communication system, in particular with a relatively high test coverage and during operation of the communication system. For example, the power level of the signals to be transmitted via the leaky line antenna can be adjusted. 
         [0028]    Advantageous embodiments and improvements of the invention are described in the dependent claims. 
         [0029]    In accordance with a preferred configuration of the invention the noise signal provided is broadband compared with a coherence bandwidth of the transmission path. 
         [0030]    Within the meaning of the present application the coherence bandwidth Wc is defined by the frequency-time autocorrelation function φFT (Δt, Δt=0) of the channel transmission function: 
         [0000]      |φ FT (Δ f=Wc, Δt =0)|=½ |φFT (Δ f= 0,  Δt= 0)|
 
         [0031]    The coherence bandwidth Wc is the value at which the value of the frequency-time autocorrelation function with increasing Δf first falls to half. This is therefore a measure for the frequency difference Δf by which two sine signals must differ in order to exhibit completely different channel transmission properties during transmission. If the signal bandwidth W is smaller than the coherence bandwidth Wc, all spectral signal portions will exhibit substantially identical transmission properties. The coherence bandwidth Wc consequently approximately denotes the maximum frequency interval over which two frequency components of a signal experience a comparable or correlated amplitude loss. 
         [0032]    If the time spread of the signal (multipath spread or time delay spread) caused by the multipath spreading over the radio channel is D seconds, then the following is approximately true for the coherence bandwidth Wc in Hz: 
         [0000]        Wc= 1/(2 *Pi*D ) 
         [0033]    Furthermore, the control device is configured in particular as a computer program product which is preferably part of the network control unit (NCU) of the aircraft cabin. 
         [0034]    The computer program product is preferably set up, on a programme-controlled unit such as the network control unit, to carry out steps to develop the function of the control device. 
         [0035]    A computer program product such as a computer program means may, for example, be provided or supplied as a storage medium such as a memory card, USB stick, floppy disc, CD-ROM, DVD or else in the form of a downloadable file from a server in a network. For example, this may occur in a wireless communication network by transmission of a corresponding file containing the computer program product or the computer program means. 
         [0036]    In accordance with a further preferred configuration the broadband noise signal provided contains at least one masking signal. The respective masking signal is adapted, in particular, to mask a respective terrestrial base station signal which uses a respective predetermined frequency band. 
         [0037]    In accordance with a preferred development of the invention the measuring unit has a HF termination. 
         [0038]    In accordance with a further preferred development the measuring unit has a terminating resistor for HF termination. Alternatively, the measuring unit is coupled to a terminating resistor for HF termination. 
         [0039]    In particular, the transmission path has a first end and a second end. The leaky line antenna is preferably coupled between the first end and the second end. The control device is further preferably coupled to the first end. Furthermore, the evaluation means is preferably coupled to the first end or to the second end. 
         [0040]    In accordance with a further preferred configuration the generating unit comprises a number of noise generators. The respective noise generator is preferably adapted to provide a respective noise signal which is limited to a predetermined frequency band. 
         [0041]    In accordance with a further preferred configuration the control means comprises a selection means. The selection means is preferably adapted to select at least one of the number of noise generators for providing a band-limited noise signal for the HF signal. 
         [0042]    The respective frequency band of the band-limited noise signal is preferably set to a corresponding pre-determined frequency band of a respective terrestrial base station. 
         [0043]    In accordance with a further preferred development the control device has a trigger means. The trigger means is preferably set up to trigger implementation of the functional test with the selected band-limited noise signal. 
         [0044]    In particular, the trigger means is further set up to carry out a plurality of functional tests in series with different, selected band-limited noise signals. 
         [0045]    The evaluation means is preferably set up to provide a test result vector as a function of the plurality of functional tests of the communication system carried out in series. 
         [0046]    For example, the leaky line antenna is configured as a coaxial line with a plurality of perforations. The plurality of perforations may also comprise slots and/or holes. 
         [0047]    For example, the measuring signal is configured as a direct voltage signal, as a current signal or as a frequency signal. 
         [0048]    In accordance with a further preferred development the measuring device has a HF detector. The HF detector is preferably adapted to convert the power level of the HF signal at the coupling point into a proportional direct voltage signal, into a current signal or a frequency signal. 
         [0049]    In accordance with a further preferred configuration the transmission path comprises a transmitting leaky line antenna which is arranged longitudinally in the aircraft cabin, and a receiving leaky line antenna which is arranged longitudinally in the aircraft cabin. 
         [0050]    For example, the transmitting leaky line antenna and the receiving leaky line antenna are arranged in parallel in the aircraft cabin and are each coupled between the first end and the second end of the transmission path. 
         [0051]    In accordance with a further preferred development a plurality of measuring units are provided, wherein a first measuring unit is coupled to the transmitting leaky line antenna at the second end of the transmission path, and a second measuring unit is coupled to the receiving leaky line antenna at the first end of the transmission path. 
         [0052]    In accordance with a further preferred development at least one transmitting/receiving unit is provided. The respective transmitting/receiving unit is preferably adapted to provide a service signal for provision of a predetermined service and for transmission over the transmission path. 
         [0053]    The transmitting/receiving unit preferably integrates the second measuring unit. 
         [0054]    In accordance with a further preferred development a combination unit is provided which is set up to combine the broadband noise signal provided and the at least one service signal in order to form the HF signal to be fed over the transmission path. 
         [0055]    In accordance with a further preferred development a combination unit is provided which is set up to combine the band-limited noise signals provided by the noise generators and the at least one service signal to form the HF signal to be fed over the transmission path. 
         [0056]    In accordance with a further preferred development an error detection means is provided which is adapted to detect an error of one or more noise generators and/or an error over the transmission path as a function of the test result vector provided. 
         [0057]    The control device or the measuring unit preferably contains the evaluation means and/or the error detection means. 
         [0058]    In accordance with a further preferred configuration the test device is set up to test the communication system during operation of the communication system. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0059]    The invention will be described hereinafter in greater detail by means of embodiments given with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: 
           [0060]      FIG. 1  is a schematic block diagram of a first embodiment of the test device according to the invention; 
           [0061]      FIG. 2  is a schematic block diagram of a second embodiment of the test device according to the invention; 
           [0062]      FIG. 3  is a schematic amplitude-frequency diagram with a first embodiment of a HF signal according to the invention and three terrestrial base station signals; 
           [0063]      FIG. 4  is a schematic amplitude-frequency diagram with a second embodiment of the HF signal according to the invention and three terrestrial base station signals; 
           [0064]      FIG. 5  is a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of the generating device according to  FIG. 1 ; 
           [0065]      FIG. 6  is a schematic amplitude-frequency diagram of an embodiment with three masking signals generated in accordance with  FIG. 5 ; 
           [0066]      FIG. 7  is a schematic amplitude-frequency diagram of an embodiment with a band-limited noise signal generated in accordance with  FIG. 5  and three terrestrial base station signals; 
           [0067]      FIG. 8  is a schematic block diagram of a third embodiment of the test device according to the invention; 
           [0068]      FIG. 9  is a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of a generating unit and a transmission unit according to  FIG. 1 ; and 
           [0069]      FIG. 10  is a schematic flow diagram of an embodiment of a method for carrying out a functional test of a communication system. 
       
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS 
       [0070]    In the figures, like reference numerals denote like or functionally like components, unless stated otherwise. 
         [0071]      FIG. 1  shows a schematic block diagram of a first embodiment of a test device  1  for carrying out a functional test of a communication system in an aircraft cabin of an aircraft. 
         [0072]    The test device  1  comprises a transmission path  2 , a control device  4  which is coupled to the transmission path  2 , at least one measuring unit  7  which is coupled at a predetermined coupling point K to the transmission path  2 , and an evaluation means  8 . 
         [0073]    The transmission path  2  comprises at least one leaky line antenna  3  which is arranged in the aircraft cabin. For example, the leaky line antenna  3  is configured as a coaxial line with a plurality of perforations. 
         [0074]    For example, the control device  4  is coupled to the leaky line antenna  3  by a line  19   a.  The control device  4  has a generating unit  5  for generating a broadband noise signal R, and a transmission unit  6  for feeding a HF signal HF to the leaky line antenna  3 . The fed HF signal HF has a set or predetermined power level and contains at least the generated broadband noise signal R. The noise signal R provided by the generating unit  5  is broadband compared to a coherence bandwidth of the transmission path  2 . The broadband noise signal R provided preferably further contains at least one masking signal M 1 -M 3 . The respective masking signal M 1 -M 3  is adapted to mask a respective terrestrial base station signal B 1 -B 3  which uses a respective predetermined frequency band F 1 -F 3  (cf.  FIG. 6 ). 
         [0075]    The measuring unit  7  is adapted to measure the power level of the HF signal HF at the predetermined coupling point K in order to provide a measuring signal MS which is proportional to the power level measured. For example, the measuring unit  7  is coupled to the leaky line antenna  3  by a line  19   b.  Furthermore, the measuring unit  7  is supplied with power I by the control device  4  via a line  19   e.  The measuring unit  7  further transmits the measuring signal MS to the evaluation means  8  via a line  19   f.    
         [0076]    The measuring unit  7  has a HF termination. For example, the measuring unit  7  comprises a terminating resistor  9  in order to form the HF termination. Alternatively, the measuring unit  7  can be coupled to a terminating resistor  9 . For example, the measuring signal MS is configured as a direct voltage signal, as a current signal or as a frequency signal. For example, the measuring unit  7  may be configured as a HF detector which is set up to convert the power level of the HF signal HF at the coupling point K into a proportional direct voltage signal. 
         [0077]    The evaluation means  8  is set up to provide a test result E by comparing the measuring signal MS provided and a setpoint signal SS which is dependent on the power level of the fed HF signal HF. 
         [0078]    The control device  4  further preferably comprises an error detection means  18 . The error detection means  18  is setup to detect an error F over the transmission path  2  as a function of the test result E provided by the evaluation means  8 . 
         [0079]    The further embodiments of the test device  1  according to  FIGS. 2 and 8  contain all the features of the first embodiment of the test device  1  according to  FIG. 1 . With regard to those features in  FIGS. 2 and 8  which are also shown in Fig,  1 , reference is hereby made to  FIG. 1  in order to avoid repetitions. 
         [0080]      FIG. 2  shows a second embodiment of the test device  1  according to the invention. The second embodiment of the test device  1  according to  FIG. 2  differs in part from the first embodiment according to  FIG. 1  in that the measuring unit  7  is coupled to a terminating resistor  9  for HF termination and, in contrast to  FIG. 1 , integrates a terminating resistor  9  of this type. 
         [0081]    With further reference to  FIG. 2 , the transmission path  2  has a first end E 1  and a second end E 2 . The leaky line antenna  3  is preferably coupled between the first end E 1  and the second end E 2 . The control device  4  is coupled to the first end E 2  and the evaluation means  8  is coupled to the second end E 2 . 
         [0082]    Furthermore, the control device  4  comprises a trigger means  15  which is set up to trigger implementation of the functional test by a trigger signal TS. 
         [0083]      FIG. 3  shows a schematic amplitude-frequency diagram with a first embodiment of the HF signal HF according to the invention and  3  terrestrial base station signals B 1 -B 3 . Similarly,  FIG. 4  shows a schematic amplitude-frequency diagram with a second embodiment of the HF signal HF according to the invention and the three terrestrial base station signals B 1 -B 3 . In accordance with  FIG. 3 , the HF signal HF corresponds to the noise signal R provided. By contrast, the HF signal according to  FIG. 4  comprises the noise signal R and a service signal D 1  imposed thereon. 
         [0084]    In order to provide a band-limited and noise signal RB as a noise signal R, the generating unit  5  may comprise a number of noise generators  11 - 13 . An embodiment of a generating unit  5  of this type with a number of noise generators  11 - 13  is shown in  FIG. 5 . With no general limitation, the generating unit  5  according to  FIG. 5  has three noise generators  11 - 13 . The respective noise generator  11 - 13  is adapted to provide a respective noise signal M 1 -M 3  which is limited to a predetermined frequency band F 1 -F 3  (see  FIG. 6 ). 
         [0085]      FIG. 5  further shows that the generating unit  5  can be equipped with a selection means  14  which is adapted to select at least one or more of the number of noise generators  11 - 13  for providing a band-limited noise signal RB for the HF signal HF. For example, the selection means  14  selects the first noise generator  11  so the band-limited noise signal RB corresponds to the first masking signal M 1  (see  FIGS. 6 and 7 , in accordance with which the first masking signal M 1  corresponds to the band-limited noise signal RB). 
         [0086]    With reference to  FIG. 7  the respective frequency band F 1 -F 3  of the band-limited noise signal RB is preferably set to at least a corresponding predetermined frequency band F 1 -F 3  of a respective terrestrial base station signal B 1 -B 3  of a base station. 
         [0087]    The trigger means  15  can consequently be set up to carry out a plurality of functional tests in series with differently selected band-limited noise signals RB. In this instance, the evaluation means  8  can be set up to provide a test result vector E as a function of the plurality of functional tests of the communication system carried out in series. Furthermore, the error detection means  18  can be set up to detect an error F of one or more noise generators  11 - 13  and/or an error F over the transmission path  2  as a function of the test result vector E provided. 
         [0088]    Before the functional tests are carried out in series with the different band-limited noise signals RB, the measuring unit  7  is preferably brought into a test mode, i.e. the input loss is suitably switched to be minimal so as to adjust the power level of the HF signal HF to be so low that the radiation of the signals via the leaky line antenna  3  lies below the respective legally prescribed threshold value (for example −36 dBm&lt;1 GHz or −30 dBm&gt;1 GHz), in particular outside the aircraft cabin. The need to request legal approval for use of the test frequencies is consequently eradicated for the user of the test device  1 . 
         [0089]      FIG. 8  shows a schematic block diagram of a third embodiment of the test device  1  according to the invention. In accordance with the third embodiment according to  FIG. 8  the transmission path  2  comprises a transmitting leaky line antenna  3   a  arranged longitudinally in the aircraft cabin, and a receiving leaky line antenna  3   b  arranged longitudinally in the aircraft cabin. 
         [0090]    The transmitting leaky line antenna  3   a  and the receiving leaky line antenna  3   b  are preferably arranged in parallel in the aircraft cabin and are each coupled between the first end El and the second end E 2  of the transmission path  2 . 
         [0091]    Furthermore, the test device  10  preferably has a plurality of measuring units  7   a,    7   b.  For example, a first measuring unit  7   a  is coupled at the second end E 2  of the transmission path  2  to the transmitting leaky line antenna  3   a,  and a second measuring unit  7   b  is coupled at the first end E 1  of the transmission path  2  to the receiving leaky line antenna  3   b.    
         [0092]    The respective measuring unit  7   a,    7   b  measures the power level of the HF signal HF at the respective coupling point K and provides, as a function thereof, a measuring signal MS 1 . MS 2  which is proportional to the respective power level measured. A first setpoint signal SS 1 , which is dependent on the power level of the fed HF signal HF, for the first measuring signal MS 1  and a second setpoint signal SS 2  for the second measuring signal MS 2  are consequently provided to the evaluation means  8 . 
         [0093]    Furthermore, at least one transmitting/receiving unit  16   a - 16   c  is provided. The respective transmitting/receiving unit  16   a - 16   c  is set up to provide a service signal D 1 -D 3  for provision of a predetermined service, such as GSM, UMTS, WLAN and the like, and for transmission via the transmission path  2 . 
         [0094]    In order to combine the different service signals D 1 -D 3  for the individual services and the noise signal R or the band-limited noise signal RB, the transmission unit  6  preferably comprises a combination unit. The combination unit  17  is described in detail with reference to  FIG. 9 .  FIG. 9  shows a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of a generating unit  5  and a transmission unit  6 . The generating unit  5  is constructed in accordance with  FIG. 5  and provides a band-limited noise signal RB. The three transmitting-receiving units  16   a - 16   c  provide different service signals D 1 -D 3 . 
         [0095]    The combination unit  17  combines the broadband noise signal RB provided and the at least one service signal D 1 -D 3  as a function of an input (not shown) provided by the user of the test device  1  in order to form the HF signal HF to be fed over the transmission path  2 . 
         [0096]      FIG. 10  shows a schematic flow diagram of an embodiment of a method according to the invention for carrying out a functional test of a communication system in an aircraft cabin of an aircraft. 
         [0097]    The method according to the invention will be described hereinafter by means of the block diagram in  FIG. 10  with reference to the block diagrams in  FIGS. 1 to 9 . In accordance with  FIG. 10 , the method according to the invention comprises the following method steps S 1  to S 5 : 
         [0000]    Method step S 1 : 
         [0098]    A broadband noise signal R is generated and provided. 
         [0000]    Method step S 2 : 
         [0099]    A HF signal HF is fed into a transmission path  2 . The transmission path  2  has at least one leaky line antenna  3  arranged in the aircraft cabin. The HF signal HF fed into the leaky line antenna  3  has an adjustable power level and comprises at least the generated broadband noise signal R. 
         [0000]    Method step S 3 : 
         [0100]    The power level of the HF signal HF is measured at a predetermined coupling point K of the transmission path  2 . 
         [0000]    Method step S 4 : 
         [0101]    A measuring signal MS is provided and is proportional to the power level measured. 
         [0000]    Method step S 5 : 
         [0102]    A test result E is calculated and provided by comparing the measuring signal MS provided and a setpoint signal SS which is dependent on the power level of the fed HF signal (HF). 
         [0103]    Although the present invention has been described herein with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not restricted thereto, but can be modified in many different ways. 
       LIST OF REFERENCE NUMERALS 
       [0000]    
       
           1  test device 
           2  transmission path 
           3  leaky line antenna 
           3   a  transmitting leaky line antenna 
           3   b  receiving leaky line antenna 
           4  control device 
           5  generating unit 
           6  transmission unit 
           7 ,  7   a,    7   b  measuring unit 
           8  evaluation means 
           9  terminating resistor 
           11 - 13  noise generator 
           14  selection means 
           15  trigger means 
           16   a - 16   c  transmitting/receiving unit 
           17  combination unit 
           18  error detection means 
           19   a - 19   e  line 
           20  load 
         A power level 
         D 1 -D 3  service signal 
         E test result, test result vector 
         F error 
         F 1 -F 3  frequency band 
         HF HF signal 
         I power 
         MS, MS 1 , MS 2  measuring signal 
         R noise signal 
         RB band-limited noise signal 
         SS 1 , SS 2 , SS 3  setpoint signal 
         S 1 -S 5  method step 
         TS trigger signal