Abstract:
An apparatus or mounting an optical element in an optical system, in particular a mirror or a lens, in a projection exposure machine, in particular a projection lens in semiconductor lithography, is connected to an external base structure with the aid of at least three articulation sites that are arranged on the circumference of the optical element and at which a bearing device acts in each case, wherein the bearing device has at least one bending element, resembling a leaf spring, arranged tangentially to the optical element, and at least one bending element, resembling a leaf spring, arranged in the radial direction relative to the optical element.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0001]    1. Field of the invention  
           [0002]    The invention relates to an apparatus for mounting an optical element in an optical system.  
           [0003]    More specifically the invention relates to an apparatus for mounting a mirror or a lens in a projection objective of a projection exposure machine in semiconductor lithography.  
           [0004]    2. Description of the related Art  
           [0005]    Optical elements, such as mirror and lenses, in optics, in particular in semiconductor lithography, are to be mounted isostatically and therefore in a fashion decoupled in terms of deformation such that disturbances acting from outside as far as possible do not act on the optical element. It is known for this purpose to mount the optical element in an appropriately “soft” fashion. The problem with a soft bearing consists, however, in that sufficiently high natural frequencies are not reached.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0006]    The present invention is therefore based on the object of creating an apparatus for mounting an optical element that, on the one hand, exerts few or small forces on the optical element, that is to say is very well decoupled in terms of deformation, a high natural frequency being reached, however, on the other hand. In particular, disturbances acting from outside should not effect surface deformations on the optical element, but —if at all—a movement of the entire body.  
           [0007]    According to the invention, this object is achieved by an apparatus having at least three articulation sites arranged on a circumference of the optical element and at which there acts in each case one bearing a device which is connected to an external base structure on the side averted from he articulation site, wherein the bearing device has at least one bending element, resembling a leaf spring, arranged tangentially to the optical element, and at least one bending element, resembling a leaf spring, arranged in the radial direction relative to the optical element.  
           [0008]    Further, according to a preferred mode of the invention the optical element is a lens or a mirror in a projection objective of a projection exposure machine in semiconductor lithography.  
           [0009]    A stiff construction with high natural frequencies resulting therefrom can be achieved with the aid of the configuration according to the invention in conjunction with a relatively compact design. However, mounting can be accomplished with fee components, a monolithic design being possible if required.  
           [0010]    Generally, three bearing devices arranged and distributed over the circumference will suffice.  
           [0011]    A very advantageous refinement of the invention can consist in that the bearing device has two bending elements, arranged parallel to the z-direction (optical axis) at a spacing from one another and running in the tangential direction, with an adapter arranged therebetween.  
           [0012]    Each bearing device in this war has, for example, two leaf springs arranged at a spacing from one another and running in the tangential direction, and a leaf spring running in the radial direction, as transverse articulation. The adapter arranged between the two leaf springs running in the tangential direction can be stiff, or else—in a very advantageous and not obvious development of the invention—be designed as a manipulator device. In this case, the adapter can be provided with an adjusting device for changing the length parallel to file z-direction.  
           [0013]    A possible refinement for this purpose resides in a design resembling a parallelogram or a design comparable to the scissor-type jack principle. It is possible in this way for the length of the adapter or adapters arranged distributed over the circumference to be changed very sensitively—with or without a transmission. If all the adapters of the bearing devices have their length changed uniformly, the optical element is thereby displaced in the z-direction. In the event of individual changes in length, the optical element can be tilted appropriately in this way.  
           [0014]    In a very advantageous development of the invention, it can be provided that the external base structure to which the optical element is connected via tile bearing device is connected via manipulators to a fixed housing structure of the optical system, the manipulators being supported on the housing structure.  
           [0015]    According to the invention, the mirror is mounted isostatically, the effect of the arrangement of the manipulators being that no negative change in the natural frequency is accomplished. This affects its mode of operation via the external base structure. The torques and forces of the manipulators are introduced into the external base structure and therefore exert no effects or, the optical element. In practice, the base structure, which is generally of very stiff design, serves for decoupling the restoring forces of the manipulators.  
           [0016]    In order to achieve an alignment and/or adjustment of the optical element in the axial direction and/or in the direction of the optical axis (z-axis), three manipulators arranged uniformly distributed over the circumference can be arranged on the housing structure. If the manipulators are actuated individually, tailings are achieved about the z-axis or optical axis. If all three manipulators are actuated in the same way, this results in a displacement of the optical element in the z-direction.  
           [0017]    The manipulators are supported on a fixed housing structure of the optical system, which can serve simultaneously as an interface structure, for example in an annular shape.  
           [0018]    In a further advantageous refinement of the invention, it can be provided that sensors that co-operate with the mating elements arranged on the optical element are arranged on the housing structure for the purpose of determining the position of the optical element in the optical system.  
           [0019]    Owing to this refinement, the optical clement can be adjusted or set in a defined fashion in a lens. For this purpose, the actual position is detected by the sensors, whereupon a desired position is set.  
           [0020]    Owing to the sensors according to the invention, which can, for example, be three contactless distance measuring sensors arranged distributed over the circumference, there is a direct and therefore more accurate measurement instead of a measurement via time travel of the manipulators.  
           [0021]    The most varied sensors can be used as sensors such as, for example, contactless distance measuring sensors. Possible here, for example, are capacitive sensors, or else a distance measuring interferometer, which act on mating surfaces of the optical element. The mating surface be vapor-deposited for this purpose, for example, onto the optical element in an optically inactive region.  
           [0022]    Additional advantages of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments of the present invent on. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0023]    [0023]FIG. 1 shows a perspective illustration of tho apparatus according to the invention for mounting an optical element,  
         [0024]    [0024]FIG. 2 shows a bearing device in a perspective and enlarged illustration,  
         [0025]    [0025]FIG. 3 shows a side view of the bearing device from the direction A of the arrow in FIG. 1,  
         [0026]    [0026]FIG. 4 shows a bearing device in a perspective and enlarged illustration in another exemplary embodiment,  
         [0027]    [0027]FIG. 5 shows an Illustration of the principle of a bearing device in. a third embodiment,  
         [0028]    [0028]FIG. 6 shows a perspective view of the optical element with the bearing device and with manipulators (without fixed housing structure) from above,  
         [0029]    [0029]FIG. 7 shows a perspective view of the apparatus according to the invention in accordance with FIG. 6, from below, and  
         [0030]    [0030]FIG. 8 Shows a section through the apparatus according to FIGS. 6 and 7 with a fixed housing structure for supporting the manipulators and with a sensor device. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION  
       [0031]    An optical element, for example a mirror  1 , is connected to an external base structure  3  by three bearing devices  2  arranged uniformly distributed over the circumference. The base structure  3  can be part of an optical system, for example a projection lens in semiconductor lithography. The illustrated triangular shape of the base structure is to be recorded merely by way of example. If required, other shapes such as, for example, a circular one are possible here.  
         [0032]    The bearing devices  2  are designed such that they are very strongly decoupled in terms of deformation and therefore do not pass disturbances acting from outside via the base structure  3  onto the optical element  1 . The base structure is of very stiff design (preferably being ceramic), in order to decouple forces coming from outside as effectively as possible from the bearing elements and the mirror. A two-fold decoupling deformation is achieved in this way. A first embodiment of a bearing device  2  is illustrated in FIGS.  2  to  3  in an enlarged illustration. As may be seen, the bearing device is designed monolithically or in one piece with sold articulations between individual moveable parts. It has an upper fastening part  4 , with the aid of which the bearing device  2  is connected via an articulation site  4   a  to a barrel  5  of the optical element  1 . Preferably, the fastening part  4  can also he connected directly to the optical element  1 . The bearing device  2  is connected via a connecting part  6  to the base structure  3  on the underside or on the side averted from the articulation site  4   a.  Connected to the connecting part  6  is a first bending articulation  7 , which is in the form of a leaf spring  7  and is arranged tangentially to the barrel  5  or the optical element  1 . On the side averted from the connecting part  6 , the leaf spring  7  is connected to a stiff adapter  8  as an anti-buckling part What is connected, in turn, on the side averted from the leaf spring  7  to a further bending element  9  likewise in the form of a leaf spring. The leaf spring  9  likewise extends with its longitudinal axis tangentially to the barrel  5  or the optical element  1 . The leaf spring  9  is connected on the side averted from the adapter  8  to a transition plate  10 . The transition plate  10  is connected to the fastening part  4  via, as transverse articulation, a bending element  11  running in the radial direction—referred to the optical element.  
         [0033]    As may be seen, the leaf spring  7  is thereby connected to the connecting part,  6  via a solid articulation  12 , and to the adapter  8  via a solid articulation  13 . In the same way, the leaf spring  9  is connected to the adapter  8  via a solid articulation  14 , and to the transition plate  10  via a solid articulation  15 . On the basis of its small axial extent, the benaing element  11  acts overall as a solid articulation  17 . Of course, a larger axial extent is also possible here within the scope of the invention. The same holds vice versa for the two leaf springs  7  and  9 .  
         [0034]    If required, the bearing devices  2  can be displaced axially both individually and jointly by means of manipulators not illustrated in more detail, the displacement then being passed—according to the direction of action—onto the optical element  1  via the leaf springs  7  or  9  responding thereto or the bending element  11  and/or the solid articulations. With this configuration, virtually every bearing device  2  constitutes a gimbal for the element  1 . An adequate stiffness against natural frequencies is, however, given on the basis of the solid articulations.  
         [0035]    [0035]FIG. 4 shows a configuration of a bearing device  2  in another refinement. In principle, the design is identical to the bearing device according to FIGS.  1  to  3 , for which reason the same reference numerals have also been retained for the same parts. The only difference is that the stiff adapter  8  has been replaced bar a parallelogram with the four sides  8   a,    8   b,    8   c  and  8   d.  The parallelogram sides  8   a  and  8   b  located on one side are connected to one another by means of solid articulations  18  and  19 . The same holds for the parallelogram sides  8   c  and  8   d,  which are located on the other side. An actuator element  20  is located in each case between the solid articulations  13  and  19 . If an actuating device (not illustrated in more detail) exerts forces on the actuator elements  20  in a direction  16  of an arrow, the aperture angle α of the parallelogram  15  varied, which produce an adjusting device. The displacement path, which changes the height of the optical element  1  in the z-direction (optical axis) is increased or decreased correspondingly depending on the aperture angle α. Given a small aperture angle α, a correspondingly strong increase is achieved, while given an aperture angle of 45° the transmission ratio is 1:1, and given a larger aperture angle α the transmission ratio is correspondingly larger.  
         [0036]    Since it is generally desired to achieve a very sensitive adjustment in the z-direction (optical axis), is can be advantageous if a further reduction is undertaken by means of a second parallelogram  21  with a corresponding number of four parallelogram sides, which is located in the interior of the parallelogram with the sides  8   a  to  8   d  (see FIG. 5) and which acts as a further adjusting device. Displacement forces made by actuator elements  22  in accordance with the direction of the arrows onto the interior of the parallelogram  21  have a correspondingly reducing action on the external parallelogram with the sides  8   a  to  8   d.  In this process, the displacement forces  22  respectively act laterally between the parallelogram sides  8   a  and  8   b  or  8   c  and  8   d  and thereby change the aperture angle β of the inner parallelogram  21  and thereby also the aperture angle α very sensitively.  
         [0037]    The adjusting movement can be linearized by means of the second parallelogram, specifically by optimizing the aperture angles α and β.  
         [0038]    FIGS.  6  to  8  illustrate a development of the invention, it being possible for the optical element  1  to be adjusted in the axial direction by means of three manipulators  24  arranged uniformly distributed over the circumference. Also illustrated in FIG. 8 is a sensor device with the aid of which the respective position of the optical element  1  can be checked exactly.  
         [0039]    As may further be seen from FIG. 8, the manipulators  24  are supported on a fixed housing structure  25  of the optical system, for example a lens  26  (illustrated only partially). As may be seen, the manipulators  24  supported on the housing structure  25  act via the base structure  3  on the bearing device  2  (illustrated only in principle in FIG. 8, for the purpose of simplification), and thus on he optical element  1 . Since the base structure  3  can be of very stiff design, for example made from ceramic material, it can serve the purpose of decoupling the restoring forces of the manipulators  24 .  
         [0040]    The manipulators  24  are indicated only in principle in FIGS.  6  to  8 , since they can be replaced at will by the most varied motors or adjusting devices that produce axial changes in length in accordance with arrow  27 . Thus, for example, piezoceramic actuators are possible which experience changes in length in the event of an application of a voltage. The manipulators  24 , that are connected at one end to the housing structure  25  and a the other end to the base structure  3 , can be inserted from below, for example in each case through an opening  28  in the region of the corners of the triangular base structure  3  (see FIG. 7).  
         [0041]    In order to detect the actual position of the optical element  1  and then to be able to set a desired position correspondingly as exactly as possible, after appropriate actuation of the manipulators  24 , three sensors  29  arranged distributed over the circumference are, for example, provided on the fixed housing structure  25 . For this purpose, it is possible, for example, for the housing structure  25 , which can also serve as interface ring, to be provided with an inwardly directed extension  25 ′(illustrated only by dashes) in or on which the sensors  29  are then mounted.  
         [0042]    The sensors  29  operate with mating elements  30  that are arranged compositely in an appropriate fashion on the optical element  1  outside the optically active region.  
         [0043]    Capacitive sensors, for example, or else distance measuring interferometers that operate without contact can be used, for example, as sensor devices. The mating elements  30  on the optical element  1  can in this case be vapor-deposited as conducting mating surfaces on the optical element  1 .  
                                             List of reference numerals                                     1   optical element            2   bearing devices            3   base structure            4   fastening part            5   barrel            6   connecting part            7   leaf spring            8   adapter            8a, 8b, 8c, 8d   parallelogram sides            9   leaf spring           10   transition plate           11   transverse articulation           12   solid articulation           13   solid articulation           14   solid articulation           15   solid articulation           16   direction of arrow           17   solid articulation           18   solid articulation           19   solid articulation           20   actuator element           21   parallelogram           22   direction of arrow           23   direction of arrow           24   manipulators           25   fixed housing structure           25′   inwardly directed extension           26   optical system (lens)           27   arrow (axial changes in length)           28   aperture           29   sensors           30   mating elements