Abstract:
A system and a method for automatically collecting content, the method comprising the steps of: defining a plurality of content sites, creating a collection of virtual agents data including user characteristic data and user behavioral data, presenting the collection of virtual agents to the plurality of content sites; receiving content from the visited internet site; and storing the received content or presenting it to a user.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application is a non-provisional application being filed under 37 CFR 1.53(b) and 35 USC 111, claiming the benefit of the priority date of the U.S. Provisional Application for patent that was filed on Nov. 13, 2013 and assigned Ser. No. 61/903,410, which is hereby incorporated by reference. 
     
    
     FIELD 
       [0002]    The method and apparatus disclosed herein are related to the field of surveying and measuring Internet advertisement effectiveness and efficiency and, more particularly, but not exclusively, to emulating a user behavior and characteristics while performing Internet advertisement survey. 
       BACKGROUND 
       [0003]    Personalized advertisement in the Internet is well known in the art. Personalized advertisement adapts the advertisement presented to a user visiting a web page according to the characteristics of the particular user. Therefore, when surfing the Internet and visiting various web pages, different users are presented with different advertisements. The visited website should therefore identify the characteristics of each user visiting the website. There are many methods for online tracking of a user, studying the user&#39;s online behavior, analyzing the user&#39;s characteristics, and presenting the relevant information to the website. These methods are evolving continuously, affecting the offering of advertisements to the visiting user and the user&#39;s online experience. 
         [0004]    Internet advertisement surveys study the offering of advertisements presented to various users. The advertisement survey enables the advertiser to understand how a user experiences Internet advertising and the impact of a particular ad in view of the overall offering of advertisements. An advertisement survey should therefore focus on the relative impact of a particular advertisement on a particular type of user. However, Internet advertisement surveys do not enable the surveying advertiser to adapt the survey to the particular characteristics of the audience to which a particular advertisement is targeted. There is thus a need in the art for, and it would be highly advantageous to have, a method and a system for Internet advertisement surveys devoid of the above limitations. 
       SUMMARY OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS 
       [0005]    According to one exemplary embodiment there is provided a method, a software program, and a system, for collecting content, the method including the steps of: receiving from a first user a content location, the Internet location being one or more of an Internet address, an Internet link, and a universal resource locator (URL), a user location and user data. The user location may include the geographical location of a second user. The user data may include one or more characteristic of the second user as well as behavioral data of the second user. The method includes accessing from an Internet server, a destination Internet site according to one or more of the content location and user location, receiving content from the destination internet site, and presenting the content to the first user, and/or storing the content. The step of accessing from an Internet server a destination Internet site uses the content location, an Internet Protocol (IP) address representing the user location, and the user data. 
         [0006]    According to another exemplary embodiment, there is provided a method, a software program, and a system, for collecting content. The method includes the steps of: creating a content collection including a plurality of content locations where each of the content locations includes one or more of an Internet address, an Internet link, and a universal resource locator (URL). The method includes creating a user collection including a plurality of virtual agents data where each virtual agent data includes one or more of the user characteristic data and user behavioral data in a data structure comprehensible by the content site. The method also includes automatically accessing, by an Internet server using the virtual agent data, a content location in the content collection, receiving content from the destination internet site, repeating the above steps, and presenting the content to a user, and/or storing the content. These steps may be repeated for a plurality of content locations and a plurality of virtual agent data. 
         [0007]    According to yet another exemplary embodiment, there is provided a method, a software program, and a system, for collecting content. In this embodiment, the method includes the step of receiving a content location, wherein the content location may be any one of an Internet address, an Internet link, and a universal resource locator (URL). The method also includes receiving a plurality of user data, where the user data includes one or more characteristic of the second user and/or behavioral data of the second user. The method continues by accessing the content location from an Internet server, retrieving at least one advertisement from the content location, and presenting the content to the first user, and/or storing the content. The step of accessing the content location is repeated, each time using a different user data from the plurality of user data. 
         [0008]    According to still another exemplary embodiment, there is provided a method, a software program, and a system, for collecting content by additionally including the steps of receiving from a user at least one value for at least one parameter, and presenting the content to the according to the parameters. 
         [0009]    Further, according to another exemplary embodiment, there is provided a method, a software program, and a system, for collecting content additionally including the steps of receiving from a user at least one user-characterizing content-location, and accessing the user-characterizing content-locations before the step of accessing the content location. 
         [0010]    Still further, according to another exemplary embodiment, there is provided a method, a software program, and a system, for collecting content. In this embodiment, the method additionally includes the steps of receiving from a user at least one referencing content-location, and accessing the referencing content-location before the step of accessing the content location. 
         [0011]    Yet further, according to another exemplary embodiment, there is provided a method, a software program, and a system, for collecting content. In this embodiment, the method additionally includes the steps of receiving from a user at least one keyword, receiving from a user at least one referencing content-location, accessing the referencing content-location, and presenting the keyword to the referencing content-location, where the steps of accessing the referencing content-location and presenting the keyword to the referencing content-location are performed before the step of accessing the content location. 
         [0012]    Even further, according to another exemplary embodiment, there is provided a method, a software program, and a system, for collecting content. In this embodiment, the method additionally includes the steps of receiving from a user at least one user-characterizing IP-address, and accessing the content location via the user-characterizing IP-address. 
         [0013]    Additionally, according to another exemplary embodiment, there is provided a method, a software program, and a system, for collecting content. In this embodiment, the method includes the steps of receiving from a user one or more user-characterizing parameters, and one or more advertisement-characterizing parameters, presenting to the user one or more advertisement-characterizing parameters associated with the user-characterizing parameters, and user-characterizing parameters associated with the advertisement-characterizing parameters. 
         [0014]    According to still another exemplary embodiment, there is provided a method, a software program, and a system, for collecting content. In this embodiment, the method includes the steps of receiving from a user one or more user-characterizing parameters and advertisement-characterizing parameters, presenting to the user one or more statistical parameters calculated for at least one advertisement-characterizing parameter associated with the user-characterizing parameter, and/or statistical parameter calculated for at least one user-characterizing parameter associated with the advertisement-characterizing parameter. 
         [0015]    According to another exemplary embodiment, there is provided a method, a software program, and a system, for optimizing a survey of advertisements. In this embodiment, the method includes the steps of receiving a plurality of content locations and a plurality of user data, where each pair of content location and user data includes a cell. The method continues by accessing the content location from an Internet server and presenting the user data to the content location. Further, the method retrieves at least one advertisement from the content location forming a result, repeating the above-listed steps for a first plurality of cells. The method then compares the results of the first plurality of cells forming a distribution of comparisons, selecting a second plurality of cells according to a distribution of the comparisons of cells, and repeating previous steps for the selected cells. 
         [0016]    Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the relevant art. The materials, methods, and examples provided herein are illustrative only and are not intended to be limiting. Except to the extent necessary or inherent in the processes themselves, no particular order to steps or stages of methods and processes described in this disclosure, including the figures, is intended or implied. In many cases the order of process steps may vary without changing the purpose or effect of the methods described. 
         [0017]    Implementations of the methods and systems of the various embodiments described herein involve performing or completing certain selected tasks or steps manually, automatically, or using any combination thereof. Moreover, according to actual instrumentation and equipment of the various embodiments of the method and system described herein, several selected steps could be implemented by hardware or by software on any operating system of any firmware or any combination thereof. For example, as hardware, selected steps of embodiments described herein could be implemented as a chip or a circuit. As software, selected steps of embodiments described herein could be implemented as a plurality of software instructions being executed by a computer using any suitable operating system. In any case, selected steps of the method and system of the embodiments described herein could be described as being performed by a data processor, such as a computing platform for executing a plurality of instructions. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0018]    Various embodiments are described herein, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings. With specific reference now to the drawings in detail, it is stressed that the particulars shown are by way of example and for purposes of illustrative discussion of the embodiments only, and are presented in order to provide what is believed to be the most useful and readily understood description of the principles and conceptual aspects of the embodiments. In this regard, no attempt is made to show structural details of the embodiments in more detail than is necessary for a fundamental understanding of the subject matter, the description taken with the drawings making apparent to those skilled in the art how several forms and structures may be embodied in practice. 
           [0019]    In the drawings: 
           [0020]      FIG. 1  is a simplified illustration of an advertisement survey environment including an advertisement survey system; 
           [0021]      FIG. 2  is a simplified block diagram of software program for advertisement survey system; 
           [0022]      FIG. 3  is a simplified flow chart of process  1  implementing the advertisement survey method; 
           [0023]      FIG. 4  is a simplified flow diagram of a module for implementing Behavioral Content Discovery method by a survey process; and 
           [0024]      FIG. 5  is a simplified flow diagram of a process for optimizing an advertisement survey by merging and splitting survey parameters. 
           [0025]      FIG. 6  is a simplified block diagram of hierarchical structures of geo-locations. 
           [0026]      FIG. 7  is a simplified block diagram of hierarchical structures of sport types. 
           [0027]      FIG. 8  is a simplified block diagram of hierarchical structures of age ranges, according to an exemplary embodiment. 
       
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS 
       [0028]    The principles and operation of a method and a system for surveying Internet advertisements according to several exemplary embodiments may be better understood with reference to the drawings and accompanying description. 
         [0029]    Before explaining at least one embodiment in detail, it is to be understood that the embodiments are not limited to the details of construction and the arrangement of the components set forth in the following description or illustrated in the drawings. Other embodiments may be practiced or carried out in various ways. Also, it is to be understood that the phraseology and terminology employed herein is for the purpose of description and should not be regarded as limiting. 
         [0030]    In this document, an element of a drawing that is not described within the scope of the drawing and is labeled with a numeral that has been described in a previous drawing has the same use and description as in the previous drawings. Similarly, an element that is identified in the text by a numeral that does not appear in the drawing described by the text, has the same use and description as in the previous drawings where it was described. 
         [0031]    The drawings in this document may not be to any scale. Different drawings may use different scales and different scales can be used even within the same drawing, for example different scales for different views of the same object or different scales for the two adjacent objects. 
         [0032]    Various embodiments presented herein comprise a method and a system for Internet advertisement surveys, enabling the surveyor to adapt the survey to the characteristics of the target audience. Particularly, the various embodiments enable the surveyor to emulate one or more types of users and then study the advertising experience of these types of users. Particularly, the advertisement survey can be adapted to measure the impact of a particular advertisement in view of the overall advertising experience of a particular type of user. A user type is generally characterized by the user&#39;s behavior while surfing the Internet, as accumulated by the relevant Internet sites and other online mechanisms. 
         [0033]    In this document, the terms Internet advertisement survey, Internet advertising survey, advertisement survey, advertisements survey, and advertising survey have the same meaning unless a different meaning is explicitly stated. In this respect, the terms survey, research, study, examine, measure, or map may also be used interchangeably to denote the act of investigating the distribution of advertisements presented to users according to predefined survey parameters. The term bid or bidding, especially when referring to advertisement bidding, also means auction or auctioning, as well as, real-time bidding, online ad auction, and combinations thereof 
         [0034]    Reference is now made to  FIG. 1 , which is a simplified illustration of an advertisement survey environment  10  including an advertisement survey system  11  according to an exemplary embodiment. 
         [0035]    As seen in  FIG. 1 , the advertisement survey environment  10  may include the following elements: 
         [0036]    A public data communication network such as the Internet, the cloud, etc.  12 ; 
         [0037]    A plurality of content servers  13  communicatively coupled to the Internet  12  and containing content  14 , such as websites and web pages, and which may contain advertisement placeholders  15 ; 
         [0038]    A plurality of advertising servers  16  communicatively coupled to the Internet  12  and typically containing various advertisements  17 ; and 
         [0039]    Advertisement survey system  11 , which may include a plurality of survey servers  18  and one or more terminals or workstations  19 , all communicatively coupled to the Internet  12  and typically operated by one or more users  20 , who function as the operators or administrators of the advertising survey system  11 . 
         [0040]    It should be appreciated that the advertisement survey environment  10  as illustrated in  FIG. 1  is simplified, and, for example, an advertising server  16  may represent a complex system of servers storing, bidding, exchanging and communicating bidding data and advertisements between advertisers and visited web-pages. An advertising network is an organization operating one or more advertising servers  16 . It is appreciated that advertising servers  16  can be characterized and identified according to their respective advertising network. Parameters used to characterize an advertising network include, but are not limited to: company name, type of business such as ad-network, Agency, affiliate network, redirecting URL, market category or segment (Vertical), etc. 
         [0041]    Typically, when a user  21  accesses the Internet (referred to as surfing the Internet or web), the user also accesses Internet content  14 , hosted on content server  13 , such as a website or a web page that includes the web page including content  14  and an advertisement placeholder  15 . The content  14 , the advertisement placeholder  15 , or the content server  13  contacts an advertising server  16  that is operative to place an advertisement  17  into the placeholder  15 . Typically, the content server  13  hosting the content  14  and/or advertisement placeholder  15  also provides the advertising server  16  with some user information  21  pertaining to the particular user currently accessing the particular content  14 . Such user information may be derived from various sources such as: 
         [0042]    The Internet address (IP address) of the user&#39;s computing device  22 . 
         [0043]    Surf tracking data, such as the identity of a previous website visited by the user, and/or referring the user to the current website or webpage as well as the navigational actions of the user at that website. 
         [0044]    Terms of user&#39;s interests and similar data, such as search terms, typically collected by the current website. 
         [0045]    User data  23 . 
         [0046]    User data  23  may be a cookie or a similar piece of data, typically stored in the user&#39;s computing device  22 . The computing device  22  may be any device or system used by the user to surf the Internet and to access Internet content. As such, the computing device may include a cellular telephone (a smartphone), a tablet, a laptop computer, or a personal computer as a few non-limiting examples. User data  23  may include data that characterizes the user, as well as the hardware and software used by the user&#39;s computing device  22 . Therefore, typically, when a user  21  accesses a web-based content  14 , the user&#39;s computing device, via the user data  23  and Internet address, has an affect or impact on the advertisements  17 , as well as the form and look-and-feel of the advertisements  17  that are presented to the user  21 . Two users access the same website may thus have a different online experience and, the same user may even have a different online experience when visiting the same website using a different computing devices  22 , such as when using someone else&#39;s computing device. 
         [0047]    When performing advertisement surveys, the advertisement survey system  11  may access content  14  located on a content server  13  as a virtual agent. The virtual agent emulates a user, such as user  21 , typically by presenting the content  14  website with virtual agent data  24 , typically emulating the user data  23 . For example, when performing an advertisement survey, the advertisement survey system  11  accesses a plurality of content  14  websites, typically by using a plurality of different virtual agent data  24 . The advertisement survey system  11  may present the accessed content  14  websites with a plurality of virtual agent Internet Protocol addresses (also known as Internet addresses, IP address, universal resource locator (URL), hyperlink, Internet link, or simply link). The virtual agent IP address may be the IP address of the particular survey server  18  accessing particular content server  13  containing a particular content  14 . 
         [0048]    It is appreciated that a particular content  14  may be provided by several content servers  13  and that accessing the particular content  14  from a different survey server  18 , such as servers located in different geographical locations, may result in accessing a different content server  13 , and thereafter contacting a different advertisement server  16  and receiving a different advertisement  17 . 
         [0049]    It is appreciated that different content servers  13  collect user data such as surf tracking data and terms of interest in different manners, methods, and/or mechanisms, and therefore providing different user information  21  to the respective advertising servers  16 . Thus, to survey the advertising experience of a particular type of user, the survey server  18  should properly emulate the characteristics of the typical user as collected by the various content servers  13  and provided to the various advertising servers  16  in the form of user information  21 . Hence the survey server  18  surfs the Internet in a particular, pre-planned order and/or manner, to provide the content servers  13  with the pre-planned particular data forming a user information package  22  adequately representing the typical user  21  whose advertising experience is surveyed. 
         [0050]    It is also appreciated that a publisher may operate several content servers  13 , websites, web pages, and content  14 . Thus, content servers  13  and content  14  can be organized, characterized, identified and accessed (surveyed) according to their respective publishers. A publisher is typically characterized by company or brand name, market category or segment (vertical), related geography, etc. 
         [0051]    Hereinafter, unless explicitly explained, the term virtual agent data  24  denotes all data characterizing the virtual agent, including the Internet address, user specific data collected by the visited website, (such as surf tracking data and terms of interest), and user data  23 . 
         [0052]    After presenting the virtual agent data  24  to the visited content server  13 , the advertisement survey system  11 , via its survey server  18 , retrieves, stores and presents to a user the advertisements  17  presented to the virtual agent by the content server  13  within the advertisement placeholders  15  at the content  14  presented by the content server  13 . 
         [0053]    The advertisement survey system  11  also analyses the information retrieved from content servers  13  (the advertisements  17 ) with respect to the information presented to the content servers  13  (virtual agent data  24 ) to produce statistical advertising data and parameters. Such statistical advertising data may include measurements of the relative impact of a particular advertisement, or advertisement type on a particular visitor, as characterized by a particular virtual agent data  24 . Advertisement impact may also include the frequency of the various advertisements, the relative frequencies, the share of voice, etc., all with respect to a particular type of visitor (as characterized by the respective virtual agent data  24 ). 
         [0054]    Reference is now made to  FIG. 2 , which is a simplified block diagram of software program  25  for advertisement survey system  11  according to an exemplary embodiment. 
         [0055]    As seen in  FIG. 2 , software program  25  may include the following components: 
         [0056]    A human interface module  26 . 
         [0057]    A survey module  27 . 
         [0058]    An analyzing and reporting module  28 . 
         [0059]    A storage or database module  29 . 
         [0060]    Human interface module  26  may enable a user to set the parameters of an advertisement survey as described above, and further detailed below, typically using survey administration module  30 . The parameters of an advertisement survey may include, but are not limited to, the following parameter groups: targeted user characteristics  31 , targeted content websites  32 , targeted advertisement characteristics  33 , and targeted competitive advertisement data  34  and/or targeted placeholders  15 . 
         [0061]    Human interface module  26  enables a user to set targeted user characteristics  31  using survey administration module  35 . Targeted user characteristics  31  may include, but are not limited to, technical parameters, surfing history, personal parameters, and survey parameters. Technical parameters include, but are not limited to, geographical locality (Geo-location) such as country, region, town, etc. of the user (user location), user or browser language, browser type (make, version, etc.), operating system type, screen size, access network speed (bit rate), etc. Surfing history includes, but is not limited to, referrer website, referrer keywords, etc. Referrer website is typically the site (or sites) visited prior to accessing the targeted content  14 . Referrer keywords are the terms used by a search engine to locate a website or webpage (including referrer websites). 
         [0062]    Personal data (or personal parameters, or user category) include, but is not limited to, gender, age or age range, level of education, income, salary or any other socio-economical characterization, fields of interests, and any other data associated with the content of websites and web pages searched or visited by the user in the past. Such data may be collected in cookies placed by the visited websites and then presented to advertising bidding engines. Personal data may be created by the virtual agent by visiting adequate websites and/or web pages prior to accessing the targeted content  14  website. Therefore, using the human interface module  26  to set the personal data may include setting a list of user-characterizing content-locations  36 , which are websites (e.g. URLs) that the virtual agent should visit prior to accessing the content  14  web page. 
         [0063]    Typically, a content  14  website collects the targeted user characteristics  31  (including technical parameters and the surfing history) from the accessing browser. The survey server  18  typically emulates the behavior of a normal browser and provides this data to the content  14  website in a form such as virtual agent data  24 . 
         [0064]    Targeted user characteristics  31  may also be named, or include, user behavioral data. Targeted user characteristics  31  are used to characterize and create virtual agents by providing virtual agent data such as virtual agent data  24  of  FIG. 1 . 
         [0065]    Targeted user characteristics  31  may also include session length. Session length is typically the time the user spends visiting a particular website or webpage, as measured by the website. Some advertising methods may change the advertisement if the session length exceeds a certain threshold, such as 5 minutes. 
         [0066]    Human interface module  26  also enables a user to set the parameters of targeted content websites  32  (destination Internet sites or pages) using website targeting module  37 . Targeted content websites  32  refer to, but are not limited to, a list of content websites that should be visited and surveyed, or the characteristics of such targeted content websites. Such targeted content websites or web pages refer to content  14  hosted by content servers  13  of  FIG. 1 . 
         [0067]    Targeted content websites  32  may be characterized and/or identified by their Domain (URL), a website title, and category or vertical (such as a vertical market). The targeted content websites  32  may be provided as a list of content locations such as Internet addresses of websites and/or web pages, Internet links to websites and/or web pages, and a universal resource locators (URL) of websites and/or web pages. 
         [0068]    Alternatively, targeted content websites  32  can be selected or characterized according to the publisher or a characteristic of the publisher, such as company or brand name, market category or segment (vertical), related geography, etc. 
         [0069]    Human interface module  26  also enables a user to set the parameters of targeted advertisement characteristics  33  using advertisement targeting module  38 . Targeted advertisement characteristics  33  include, but are not limited to, an advertisement, or a plurality of advertisements, which impact should be measured. Typically, the targeted advertisement is published by the business entity that ordered the advertisement survey. Typically, such business entity is interested in measuring the impact of the targeted advertisement in relation to other advertisements presented to the targeted users. 
         [0070]    Human interface module  26  also enables a user to set the parameters of targeted competitive advertisement  34  using competitive targeting module  39 . Targeted competitive advertisement  34  data refers to data included in an advertisement presented to the user and characterizing advertisements other than the targeted advertisements. Targeted competitive advertisement  34  data may enable the advertisement survey system  11  to locate and identify each advertisement presented, and/or the advertiser, that is the entity that pays for the presentation of the advertisement to the user visiting the website. An advertiser may be characterized (for searching advertisements) and or identified (in a collected advertisement) according to parameters such as name and type, such as company name, brand name, market type, etc. 
         [0071]    Targeted competitive advertisement  34  data may enable the advertisement survey system  11  to locate and identify other characteristics of the advertisement, such as technical parameters (i.e., object type, physical size and/or dimensions, digital size such as file size, and name). An object type typically identifies the medium used by the advertisement such as image, flash object, or JS object running rich media. 
         [0072]    Targeted competitive advertisement  34  data may enable the advertisement survey system  11  to characterize an advertisement according to placement group. In a particular web page some advertisements can be related to a certain group of advertisements. Such a group can be characterized, for example, according to an advertising campaign. Typically, an advertiser takes over a particular advertising space and presents a group of advertisements related to the same campaign. Such takeovers are usually priced as premium channels by the publishers. Typically, an advertising campaign includes one or more advertisements leading to the same unique landing page. An advertising campaign may be characterized and identified by its name, category or market segment (vertical), a unique landing URL, a campaign title typically appearing in the landing page, a campaign group, etc. 
         [0073]    Alternatively, there is no differentiation between targeted advertisements and competitive advertisement in the research phase, and the differentiation is made in the analysis and reporting phase. In this alternative, the targeted advertisement characteristics  33  module and the targeted competitive advertisement  34  module are (also) available in the analyzing and reporting module  28 . 
         [0074]    Human interface module  26  may also enable a user to set the parameters of the scope of an advertisement survey, typically using the survey administration module  30 . The advertisement survey scope  40  refers to survey parameters such as, but not limited to: 
         [0075]    The number of virtual agents and/or virtual agent types, such as virtual agent data  24  of  FIG. 1 , to be created. 
         [0076]    The number of targeted content websites  32  to be visited. 
         [0077]    Day and time in which the surveying virtual user should access the targeted content  14  website. This is usually provided by setting a list of days of the week, and/or a span of hours of the day, where the virtual agent should access the targeted content  14  website. 
         [0078]    User characteristics such as geo-location and language. 
         [0079]    Hardware and software characteristics associated with the user such as browser language, browser type, operating system type, screen size or resolutions, bandwidth of the user&#39;s access network, etc. 
         [0080]    Referrer websites and keywords used by the user. 
         [0081]    The required survey accuracy, typically referring to the accuracy of the statistical result, such as ad saturation value derived using ad saturation analysis, daisy chain analysis, etc. 
         [0082]    Merging and splitting survey parameters. 
         [0083]    Using report management module  41 , the human interface module  26  may also enable a user to set the parameters of an advertisement survey report. The human interface module  26  may enable a user to select the measured parameters and the analyzed parameters to present to a user in an advertisement survey report, and the presentation manner and format. 
         [0084]    As described above, an advertisement survey may have many parameters and the advertisement survey system  11  is expected to collect advertisement data for all the relevant combinations of the survey parameters. A cell may be a combination of search parameters. It is therefore useful to optimize the advertisement survey by using useful parameters. Useful parameters create cells providing different results. For example, two cells that provide the same results can be merged without loss of useful information. Similarly, if two cells provide very different results it may be useful to split the cells, increase the resolution of the survey, and thus increase the accuracy of the results. Merging and splitting survey parameters is therefore a method of survey optimization. Most of the survey parameters can be merged and split. For example, the geographical resolution (geo-location), the span of keywords, the number of time divisions (time-of-day spans) and most of all the number and variability of types of virtual agents. 
         [0085]    As an option, an advertisement survey can be re-run repeatedly. An advertisement survey may be scheduled for periodical re-run, for example daily, or weekly, or monthly. A subsequent re-run can be optimized based on the results of the previous run. This means that some of the cells are merged and other cells are split. For example, assume a survey defined for 24 hours divided into six periods of 4 hours. Assume two periods provide the same results. These two periods (cells) can be merged. On the other hand, assume two periods provide results that are very different. These two periods (cells) can be split, for example, into four periods of two hours each. 
         [0086]    Human interface module  26  may enable a user to set the parameters for merging and splitting survey parameters (cells) by setting rules and criteria for merging, splitting and resetting. For example, a merging rule uses the difference between particular results of two adjacent cells and the criterion is a difference value or percentage. If the difference is below the criterion the two cells are merged. For example, a splitting rule uses the difference between particular results of two adjacent cells and the criterion is a difference value or percentage. If the difference is above the criterion one or two of the cells are split. For example, after a predetermined period, or number of runs, merging and splitting are rest to the original setup. It should be appreciated that a level of hysteresis may also be employed by setting a lower criterion threshold for determining a merging event and an upper criterion threshold for determining a splitting event, such that the area between the two thresholds does not result in any action. 
         [0087]    Alternatively, advertisement survey system  11  performs survey optimization, such as merging and splitting, on the fly, while a survey is being executed. As the results of the processes are collected and analyzed, survey parameters can be merged and split thus generating more or less processes and modifying the survey parameters assigned to these processes. 
         [0088]    Human interface module  26  enables a user to define an optimization mechanism whereby advertisement survey system  11  optimizes an advertisement survey on-the-fly, or optimizes a repeated (next) advertisement survey when an advertisement survey is scheduled for periodical re-run. A user may use optimization setup module  42  to create or modify a set of optimization parameters  43 . Optimization parameters  43  may include, but are not limited to, optimization algorithms, rules, criteria, and tools. 
         [0089]    Algorithms refer to methods of analyzing and calculating results by which optimization is considered. 
         [0090]    Rules refer to mechanisms for determining an event requiring optimization. For example: 
         [0091]    Rules that determine which cells to compare (e.g. rules for selecting adjacent cells). 
         [0092]    Rules that determine which algorithm to use to calculate the values to compare. 
         [0093]    Rules determining the comparison method to use for determining a need for optimization. For example, by measuring a difference between results calculated by a particular algorithm for two cells of a particular type. 
         [0094]    Criteria refer to the value, such as a threshold value, by which advertisement survey system  11  determines that optimization is required for a particular cell (e.g. split) or a plurality of cells (e.g. merge). 
         [0095]    Tools refer to the method for applying optimization, such as merging cells, splitting cells, cell organization (e.g. hierarchical structure of cells), and rest conditions (i.e. when to reset the optimization and return to the original cell structure). 
         [0096]    Survey module  27  may include: 
         [0097]    Survey management module  44 . 
         [0098]    IP Hopping module  45 . 
         [0099]    Behavioral Content Discovery module  46 . 
         [0100]    Advertisements identification module  47 . 
         [0101]    Ad Saturation Analysis module  48 . 
         [0102]    Daisy Chain Analysis module  49 . 
         [0103]    The survey management module  44  manages a plurality of processes (task), where each process emulates a virtual agent. The processes are typically executed by one or more servers. A process may execute any number and/or combination of the modules of the survey module  27 . A process may execute (perform) the Behavioral Content Discovery module  46 . 
         [0104]    The survey management module  44  uses data from the advertisement survey scope  40  to determine how many processes are necessary and how to manage the distribution of virtual agents among the processes. The survey management module  44  assigns to each process the relevant data to execute the Behavioral Content Discovery module  46  for a particular virtual agent. Such data may include data derived from the targeted user characteristics  31 , the targeted content websites  32 , the targeted advertisement characteristics  33 , and the targeted competitive advertisement  34 . 
         [0105]    The IP hopping module  45  may be used by the survey management module  44  or by each of the surveying processes to determine the IP address to use when accessing a particular content server  13 . The IP hopping module  45  selects the appropriate IP address according to the geographical locality (Geo-location) required to emulate the virtual agent, avoiding the use of the same IP address for virtual agents accessing the same content server  13 , whether using the same or different virtual agent data  24 . 
         [0106]    The Behavioral Content Discovery module  46  produces the required virtual agent data  24  of the virtual agent and presents it to the content server  13 . The Behavioral Content Discovery module  46  generates cookies, presents relevant keywords to search engines, visits particular websites, etc. in order to produce the agent data  24  and then enables the visited content server  13  to collect this data. 
         [0107]    Then, the Behavioral Content Discovery module  46  collects from the visited content server  13  information regarding the visited placeholders  15 , and the advertisements  17  presented to the virtual user within the visited placeholders  15 . Information regarding the visited placeholders  15  may include size, relative position (in the page), object type, placement group, and display properties (such as floating, hovering, aligned, etc.) 
         [0108]    The surveying process may then execute the advertisements identification module  47  to identify the various advertisements  17  collected from the visited content server  13 . Ad Saturation Analysis module  48  and Daisy Chain Analysis module  49  are then used to further analyze the behavior of the advertising system. All the data collected and analyzed by each surveying process may be stored in the survey results database  50  of the storage or database module  29 . 
         [0109]    The analyzing and reporting module  28  includes a user interface module  51  and a data analysis and presentation module  52 . User interface module  51  enables a user to enter research parameters  53  and view browse through the research results  54  presented by the data analysis and presentation module  52 . The data analysis and presentation module  52  uses the research parameters  53  to create the research results  54 . 
         [0110]    Research parameters  53  may include one or more, or any combination of, parameters from the parameters set by the human interface module  26 . For example; the research parameters  53  may include parameters of targeted user characteristics  31 , parameters of targeted content websites  32 , parameters of targeted advertisement characteristics  33 , and parameters of targeted competitive advertisement data  34 . Such parameters may include, but are not limited to, user behavioral data such as geographical locality (Geo-location) such as country, region, town, etc., user or browser language, browser type (make, version, etc.), operating system type, screen size, referrer website, referrer keywords, gender, age or age range, level of education, income, salary or any other socio-economical characterization, fields of interests, and similar data, day and time in which the surveying virtual user accessed the targeted content  14  website. 
         [0111]    The data analysis and presentation module  52  analyzes the survey results database  50  according to the research parameters  53 . Such analysis may include generating statistical results. The research results  54  generated by the data analysis and presentation module  52  may include the frequency (number) of advertisements  17  presented to virtual users according to the advertisement type or identification, and according to a particular virtual user characterization parameter or combinations of parameters. The research results  54  may also include relative frequencies (percentage) of advertisements  17  presented to virtual users according to the advertisement type or identification, and according to virtual user characterization parameters or combinations of parameters. For example, such relative frequency include share-of-voice of a particular advertisement regarding a particular selection of user characteristics (including location, day-of-week, time-of-day, etc.). 
         [0112]    It is therefore appreciated that the advertisement survey system  11  surveys the advertisement survey environment  10  using a method of behavioral content discovery, to collect and present advertisement data (the discovered content) according to user-selected (referring to the researching user) user behavioral characteristics (referring to the content visiting user). 
         [0113]    The user behavioral characteristics refer to data selected or entered by the researching user using the human interface module  26  (and presented to the visited content server  13  as virtual agent data  24 ) and/or the user interface module  51 . The advertisement data (or the discovered content) refers to advertisements  17  as collected by the advertisement survey system  11  and stored in survey results database  50  and/or presented to the researching user as research results  54 . 
         [0114]    Reference is now made to  FIG. 3 , which is a simplified flow chart of process  55  implementing the advertisement survey method according to an exemplary embodiment. 
         [0115]    As seen in  FIG. 3 , process  55  may execute software program  25  and may include the following actions: 
         [0116]    Setting the survey parameters  56 . 
         [0117]    Executing the survey  57 . 
         [0118]    Analyzing and reporting survey results  58 . 
         [0119]    In action  56  of process  55 , a researching user prepares advertisement survey system  11  to execute a survey of Internet advertisements. The user may access human interface module  26  to set up the survey parameters. The user, executing process  55 , may perform one or more of the following steps (details of these parameters are described above): 
         [0120]    Setting or selecting a virtual user (step  59 ) 
         [0121]    Setting or selecting target content such as content servers  13  and/or content  14  (step  60 ). 
         [0122]    Setting or selecting target advertisements (step  61 ). 
         [0123]    Setting or selecting competitive advertisements (step  62 ). 
         [0124]    Setting or selecting the scope of the survey (step  63 ). 
         [0125]    After completing the survey setup, the researching user instructs advertisement survey system  11  to execute a survey (step  64 ), thus invoking action  57 . 
         [0126]    In action  57 , advertisement survey system  11  executes the survey in three main parts (or modules) designated in  FIG. 3  by numerals  65 ,  66 , and  67 . In part  65  the advertisement survey system  11  supervises a plurality of survey processes (tasks)  68 . Each survey process  68  may emulate a particular virtual agent accessing a content server  13  and/or content  14 . The advertisement survey system  11  creates a survey process  68  (step  69 ), and assigns appropriate survey parameters to the survey process  68  (step  70 ). Steps  69  and  70  are repeated for all survey processes  68  until all the survey parameters (such as virtual agents, content server  13  and/or content  14 ) are assigned to survey processes  68  (step  71 ). 
         [0127]    Part  66  of action  57  of process  55  may be executed by each survey process  68 . In Part  66 , a survey process  68  executes at least one of the steps of Behavioral Content Discovery method (step  72 ), the Ad Saturation Analysis (step  73 ), and the Daisy Chain Analysis method (step  74 ). 
         [0128]    Part  66  of action  57  of process  55  is typically a survey optimization process, typically executed by the supervising task executing part  65 , or, alternatively, by a separate task. Part  67  optimizes the current advertisement survey (via  75 ) or the next survey (via  76 ) as necessary and/or possible. Part  67  may optimize the current advertisement survey by merging and splitting survey parameters (cells) as described above. 
         [0129]    If the survey parameters are modified on-the-fly (via  75 ) part  65 , and particularly process  70 , may create new tasks and assign them the new or modified parameters to improve the accuracy of the survey results. On-the-fly optimization is particularly useful when parameters (cells) are split, increasing the resolution of the survey where necessary. Thus, a survey can start with relatively low resolution and automatically increase the resolution on-the-fly, while being executed. The advertisement survey system  11  may therefore be capable of automatically and continuously adapting the survey resolution (cell size) according to the survey results and the predetermined accuracy. 
         [0130]    Process  55  may then proceed to action  58 , where a researching user conducts the analysis of the data collected by the advertisement survey system  11  in step  57  according to the survey parameters and methods selected in step  56 , and then reviews the analysis results. 
         [0131]    Executing action  58  of process  55  first enables the researching user to select the analysis parameters (step  77 ). Within this step the researching user may then select any combination of parameters such as the parameters used for determining the advertisement survey in step  56 . Such parameters may be: 
         [0132]    User behavioral data including targeted user characteristics, targeted content websites, targeted advertisement characteristics, and targeted competitive advertisement data. 
         [0133]    User behavioral data or targeted user characteristics may include technical parameters, surfing history, personal parameters, and survey parameters. 
         [0134]    Technical parameters may include geographical locality (Geo-location), type of the terminal used by the user, operating system type, screen size, browser type, user&#39;s or browser&#39;s language, etc. 
         [0135]    Surfing history typically includes referrer website, referrer keywords, etc. gender, age or age range, level of education, income, salary or any other socio-economical characterization, fields of interests, and any other data associated with the content of websites and web pages searched or visited by the user in the past. 
         [0136]    The researching user may also select a time frame in which advertisements were recorded by the advertisement survey system  11  in step  57 . The time frame may include time of day and/or day of the week, etc. in which the analyzed advertisements were recorded. 
         [0137]    The researching user may also select a list or a type of targeted content websites from which advertisements recorded by the advertisement survey system  11  in step  57  should be analyzed in step  78 . 
         [0138]    The researching user may also select one or more targeted advertisement and one or more targeted competitive advertisement. 
         [0139]    Action  58  may then proceed to step  78  to analyze the data in survey results database  50  according to the parameters selected in step  77 , and eventually, in step  79 , process  55  presents the results of the analysis to the researching user. 
         [0140]    It should be appreciated that the results of the advertisement survey include relations and/or associations between characterization parameters such as described above with respect to the parameters a user may set using human interface module  26 , and/or the parameters described with respect to table 1 below. 
         [0141]    It should also appreciated that the user using the advertisement survey system  11  to analyze and present the results of an advertisement survey may select one or more of the characterizing parameters such as the parameters presented in Table 1, and request the advertisement survey system  11  to present results associated with one or more other parameters of table 1. It is appreciated that such results associating two or more parameters may be calculated and presented as statistical parameters and/or distributions. 
         [0142]    A user of advertisement survey system  11  may therefore, for example, select one or more user-characterizing parameters, and/or one or more advertisement-characterizing parameters and instruct the system to present one or more advertisement-characterizing parameters associated with the user-characterizing parameters, or user-characterizing parameters associated with the advertisement-characterizing parameter. Alternatively the system may present one or more statistical parameters calculated for the advertisement-characterizing parameters associated with the user-characterizing parameters, and/or one or more statistical parameters calculated for the user-characterizing parameters associated with said the advertisement-characterizing parameters. 
         [0143]    Reference is now made to  FIG. 4 , which is a simplified flow diagram of a module for implementing Behavioral Content Discovery method (step  72 ) by a survey process  68 , according to an exemplary embodiment. 
         [0144]    A survey process  68  performing the Behavioral Content Discovery method (step  72 ) may start by loading the virtual user parameters assigned to it (step  80 ). Survey process  68  may then set the parameters of the browser, or browser emulation module it uses (step  81 ). 
         [0145]    Survey process  68  may then proceed to select an IP address (or proxy) according to the geo-location assigned to the virtual user it is emulating (step  82 ). This IP address or proxy serve as a user-characterizing IP-address. When the visited website or webpage detects this IP address it also identifies the geo-location associated with the IP-address and hence associates the virtual agent with that geo-location. 
         [0146]    Survey process  68  may then proceed to develop the required characteristics of the virtual user it is emulating, typically by accessing one or more referencing content-location such as websites and webpages (step  83 ), and using selected search keywords, if applicable (step  84 ). Steps  83  and  84  may be repeated until the characterization of the emulated virtual agent is completed (step  85 ). 
         [0147]    Survey process  68  may then proceed to access a selected content server  13  and/or content  14  (step  86 ) as assigned to it in step  69 . Survey process  68  may then proceed to present the emulated virtual user information to the accessed content server  13  and/or content  14 , typically using one or more data structures comprehensible by the targeted content site (step  87 ). 
         [0148]    Survey process  68  may then proceed to collect from the accessed content server  13  and/or content  14  the advertisement  17  presented to the virtual user (step  88 ). Survey process  68  may then proceed to identify advertisement  17  (step  89 ) and store them in storage or database module  29  (step  90 ). 
         [0149]    Therefore, using the system and method described above, the advertisement survey system  11  can research and analyze the advertisement survey environment  10 . Advertisement survey system  11  may operate a plurality of servers, accessing a plurality of content sites, using a plurality of virtual agent data, typically at least partially concurrently. 
         [0150]    Advertisement survey system  11  may enable a researching user to analyze the impact of a particular advertisement with respect to any other selection of advertisements, or advertisement types, and in regard of any number of types, or characterizations, of visiting users. The impact of an advertisement on the visiting user may be measured as the number of visiting users exposed to a particular advertisement relative to the total number of advertisements presented to a particular type of visiting user. The impact of a particular may be also measured with respect to advertisements of a particular type or any other characterization. 
         [0151]    Hence, the researching user can use the advertisement survey system  11  to study the potential impact of a particular advertisement, or advertising concept, if provided within the current state and offering of the advertisement environment  10 . The researching user can use the advertisement survey system  11  to study the potential impact of such proposed advertisement with respect to any selected type or characterization of a visiting user surfing the advertisement environment  10 . 
         [0152]    Furthermore, the researching user can use the advertisement survey system  11  to study possibilities for segmenting the population of visiting users to assess the potential advertising impact value for the proposed segmentation and to optimize it. The segmentation of the visiting users refers to the selection, or grouping, of the users&#39; characteristics. Such segmentation may include, but is not limited to, age, gender, geo-location, language, socio-economic characteristics, fields of interest, web surfing history, etc. 
         [0153]    Moreover, the advertisement survey system  11  enables the researching user to execute an advertisements survey of the advertisement environment  10  according to a first set of parameters (i.e. survey parameters provided by the researching user in step  56 ) and then to analyze the survey results according to a second set of parameters (i.e. analysis parameters provided by the researching user in step  77 ). 
         [0154]    Thereby, the advertisement survey system  11  analyses the manner in which advertising servers  16  operate. Particularly, the advertisement survey system  11  analyses the set of advertising rules by which advertising servers  16  publish advertisement  17  to various users. Advertisement survey system  11  imitates a large amount of virtual users with different profiles and collect all the data these presented to these virtual users. Thereby, the advertisement survey system  11  analyses the rules connecting the advertising rules with the various user profiles, typically by finding data patterns. Table 1 is an example of data presented by the advertisement survey system  11  to a content server  13 , and data collected by advertisement survey system  11  from the content server  13 . 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Entity 
                 Property 
                 Data (example) 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 User 
                 Geo Location 
                 202.53.15.132 
               
               
                   
                 Browser Language 
                 English 
               
               
                   
                 Browser Type 
                 Internet Explorer 7 
               
               
                   
                 OS Type 
                 Windows XP SP2 
               
               
                   
                 Screen resolution 
                 1024 × 840 
               
               
                   
                 Net Speed 
                 134 kbs 
               
               
                   
                 Referrer - Key word 
                 Free money 
               
               
                   
                 Referrer - Website 
                 Google.com 
               
               
                   
                 Session Length 
                 00:02:13 
               
               
                 Website 
                 Domain (URL) 
                 www.freemoney.com 
               
               
                   
                 Title 
                 Free money! 
               
               
                   
                 Category/Vertical 
                 Gambling/Games 
               
               
                 Web Page 
                 URl 
                 /Gamblehere.html 
               
               
                 Ad Placement 
                 Size 
                 250 × 250 
               
               
                   
                 Relative Position 
                 Top 
               
               
                   
                 Object Type 
                 Flash 
               
               
                   
                 Placement Group 
                 2 
               
               
                   
                 Display Properties 
                 float 
               
               
                 Publisher 
                 Name 
                 Free Money Inc. 
               
               
                   
                 Category/Vertical 
                 Gambling/Games 
               
               
                   
                 Geography 
                 USA 
               
               
                 Network 
                 Name 
                 Zanox 
               
               
                   
                 Type 
                 Ad-network 
               
               
                   
                 Redirection URL 
                 http://ad.zanox.com/?p=1 
               
               
                   
                 Category/Vertical 
                 Gambling/Games 
               
               
                 Advertiser 
                 Name 
                 888 games 
               
               
                   
                 Type 
                 888 ltd. 
               
               
                 Campaign 
                 Name 
                 Free $50 to spend! 
               
               
                   
                 Category/Vertical 
                 Gambling/Games 
               
               
                   
                 Landing URL 
                 www.games.888.com/free_m 
               
               
                   
                 Title 
                 Free $50 to spend! 
               
               
                   
                 Group 
                 5 
               
               
                 Targeting Plan 
                 Day(s) of week 
                 Sunday 
               
               
                   
                 Hour(s) of the day 
                 24 h 
               
               
                   
                 User Freq. Cap 
                 Static 
               
               
                   
                 Geo Targeting 
                 USA 
               
               
                   
                 Language Targeting 
                 English 
               
               
                 Creative 
                 Type 
                 Flash 
               
               
                   
                 Dimensions 
                 250 × 250 
               
               
                   
                 File Size 
                 85 kb 
               
               
                   
                 Name 
                 250_250_fg_1.swf 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0155]    Reference is now made to  FIG. 5 , which is a simplified flow diagram of part  67 , according to an exemplary embodiment. 
         [0156]    The flow diagram of  FIG. 5  is an example of an optimization process by which Advertisement survey system  11  optimizes the cell structure of an advertisement survey, and thereby the processing of the advertisement survey. It is appreciated that other means and methods for survey optimization are also possible and contemplated. 
         [0157]    As shown in  FIG. 5 , the software module of part  67  starts at step  91  by selecting a first cell. A cell is typically a particular survey parameter or a particular combination of two or more survey parameters. Part  67  then proceeds to step  92  to select a second cell typically being adjacent to the first cell. An adjacent cell has the same combination of survey parameters with one (or more) survey parameters having values adjacent to the values of the first cell. An adjacent cell may be selected using one or more rules for selecting an adjacent cell as defined by the user using optimization setup module  42 . 
         [0158]    For example, an adjacent value may be an adjacent time period, such as adjacent time-of-day period, adjacent day-of-the-week, adjacent age range, etc. For example, an adjacent value may be an adjacent space such as adjacent geo-location, adjacent IP address, etc. Adjacent values or value range may be network bitrates, screen size, etc. Adjacent values may also refer to qualitative aspects associated with user characteristics such as keywords, referral sites, etc. 
         [0159]    Cells, or cell parameters can be grouped, for example in a hierarchical manner, to provide neighboring (adjacent) values within a group, and adjacent groups. For example, Targeted competitive advertisements can be grouped according to market segments, or further in a hierarchical segmentation structure. Similarly, user characteristics can be organized in groups, and typically in a hierarchical structure. 
         [0160]    Organization of survey parameters in hierarchical structure enables merging and splitting of parameters according to the hierarchical structure. Therefore, parameters such as targeted user characteristics can be organized in one or more overlapping hierarchical structure, where each such hierarchical structure organizes the same parameters in slightly different groups. This enables splitting parameters (and cells) according to one hierarchical structure and then merging parameters (and cells) according to another hierarchical structure. 
         [0161]    Part  67  may then proceed to step  93  to compare the selected cells using algorithms, rules and criteria as defined in optimization parameters  43  as defined by the user using optimization setup module  42 . If a criterion is invoked (step  94 ), for example, if the comparison (step  93 ) results in a threshold being surpassed, then part  67  may determine if the cells are to be merged (steps  95  and  96 ), or split (steps  97  and  98 ). 
         [0162]    Part  67  may then proceed to step  99  to determine if the optimization applies to the current survey or to the next survey and proceeds accordingly via  75  or  76  of  FIG. 3 . 
         [0163]    If (according to steps  95  and  97 ) automatic merging and splitting is inappropriate the result may be logged (step  100 ) for manual optimization. 
         [0164]    The above process may be repeated until the relevant adjacent cells are exhausted (step  101 ) and until all cells (or cell pairs) pending optimization are exhausted (step  102 ). 
         [0165]    In this way advertisement survey system  11  performs a method for optimizing the advertisements survey by selecting an optimal set of cells. This optimization process can be also viewed as automatic profiling, in which the optimal set of user profiles (user characteristics) is created. One of the goals of the optimization is to perform the advertisements survey on the smallest number of cells while preserving the targeted survey coverage and accuracy. 
         [0166]    A different way of describing this method of optimizing advertisements surveys is by adapting the cell resolution to the variability of the results. The plurality of cells as defined for a particular advertisements survey defines the coverage, or space, of the advertisements survey. The optimization process adapts the size of the cells according to the variability of the results so that in parts of the survey space where variability is low the cells are larger, and in parts of the survey space where variability is high the cells are smaller. Thus a high accuracy is preserved while reducing the number of cells surveyed. One possible way of measuring the survey accuracy is according to the distribution of the variability of the results between cells. 
         [0167]    The method for optimizing a survey of advertisements as described above may include the following steps: 
         [0168]    A. Receive a plurality of content locations and a plurality of user data, wherein each pair of content location and user data defines a cell. 
         [0169]    B. Survey a cell by accessing a content location from an Internet server and presenting the user data to the content location. 
         [0170]    C. Retrieving one or more advertisements from the content location forming a result for the surveyed cell. 
         [0171]    D. Repeat steps b and c for a first plurality of cells; 
         [0172]    E. Compare the results of the first plurality of cells forming a distribution of comparisons; 
         [0173]    F. Select a second plurality of cells according to one distribution of said comparisons of cells; and 
         [0174]    G. Repeat steps b and c for the second plurality of cells. 
         [0175]    The second plurality of cells may provide a better accuracy of the advertisement survey. In this aspect the accuracy may be defined according to one range of differences between various survey results associated with adjacent cells. From another aspect, the second plurality of cells provides a better distribution of the cells of the advertisement survey. From yet another aspect, the second plurality of cells provides via the process described above, provides an adaptive resolution of the cells of the advertisement survey. In this case, the size, or resolution, of at least part of the cells is adapted according to the preferred accuracy of the results. 
         [0176]    Adaptive resolution, as described, adapts the cell size according to the difference in one or more results obtained from adjacent cells. In one form of adaptation, if the difference is larger than a predetermined threshold value, the size of the cell may be reduced (higher resolution) to reduce the difference. If the difference is below a predetermined threshold value, the size of the cell may be increased (lower resolution) to increase the difference. In another form of adaptation, the initial resolution is relatively low, and if the difference is smaller than a predetermined threshold value the size of the cell may be reduced (higher resolution) to trace minute variations of the survey results. 
         [0177]    As described above, changing the size of a cell may be performed by merging or splitting one or more adjacent cell dimensions. A cell dimension in this respect is a particular characteristic of the cell, such as a characteristic of the virtual user as described above. A cell dimension may include a sequence of values, or a sequence of ranges of values, or a sequence of collections of values, of the particular characteristic of the cell, or the virtual user. Changing the cell size (or cell resolution) may be performed by merging or splitting adjacent values, or ranges of values, or collections of values. The contents of a cell dimension (e.g. values, ranges of values, collections of values) may be arranged in a hierarchical structure to simplify the merging and splitting. 
         [0178]    For example, assume an advertisement survey for advertising in sport-related websites. To simplify the example the survey cells have three dimensions: geo-location, sport type, and age group and the criterion is the number of advertisements in the cell. 
         [0179]    Reference is now made to  FIG. 6 , which is a simplified block diagram of hierarchical structures of geo-locations, to  FIG. 7 , which is a simplified block diagram of hierarchical structures of sport types, and to  FIG. 8 , which is a simplified block diagram of hierarchical structures of age ranges, according to an exemplary embodiment. 
         [0180]    Following the current example, the survey starts with a coarse resolution using levels  103 ,  104  and  105  of  FIGS. 6 ,  7  and  8 , respectively. There are therefore 24 cells: each having three dimensions: 
         [0181]    Geo-location dimension with two options of Spanish-speaking countries and Brazil. 
         [0182]    Sport dimension with two options of ball-games and athletics 
         [0183]    Age dimension with six age range options. 
         [0184]    The survey results show that the largest difference between the cells is the number of advertisements for the Spanish speaking countries being much larger than the number of advertisements for Brazil, and that this difference is higher than the high-difference threshold. Therefore the geo-location dimension may be split by selecting the next lower level  106  having 5 options (Colombia, Argentina, Peru, Venezuela and the rest). The total number of geo-location options is now 6 and the number of cells is now 72. 
         [0185]    The subsequent survey results show that the largest difference between the cells is the number of advertisements for Sport, being much larger for ball games than athletics and higher than the high-difference threshold. Therefore the sports dimension is split by selecting the next lower level  107  having 4 options (athletics, and three groups of ball games). The total number of cells is now  144 . 
         [0186]    The subsequent survey results show that the largest difference between the cells along the age dimension is below the low-difference threshold for some cell pairs. The age dimension is therefore rotated between the age range options settling on age-range option  108  for soccer, age-range option  109  for golf, and age-range option  110  for the rest of the sport options. We now have 6 geo-location options, 6 sport options (athletics, soccer, tennis, golf, squash and the rest of the ball games), and 2 age-range options except for soccer and golf having 4 age-range options each. Altogether we have 96 cells ( 6×4×2+6×2×4).    
         [0187]    The subsequent survey results show that the difference between tennis and squash is below the low-difference threshold and therefore these cells are merged, for example by not using virtual users characterized for squash. This reduces the total number of cells to 84 cells (6×3×2+6×2×4). 
         [0188]    It is expected that during the life of this patent many relevant means and methods for online (Internet) advertising will be developed and the scope of the terms herein, particularly of the terms “advertising impact” and “share of voice”, is intended to include all such new technologies a priori. Additional objects, advantages, and novel features of other possible embodiments will become apparent to one ordinarily skilled in the art upon examination of the following examples, which are not intended to be limiting. Additionally, each of the various embodiments and aspects as delineated hereinabove and as claimed in the claims section below finds experimental support in the following examples. 
         [0189]    It is appreciated that certain features, which are, for clarity, described in the context of separate embodiments, may also be provided in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features, which are, for brevity, described in the context of a single embodiment, may also be provided separately or in any suitable sub-combination. 
         [0190]    Although descriptions have been provided above in conjunction with specific embodiments thereof, it is evident that many alternatives, modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Accordingly, it is intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications and variations that fall within the spirit and broad scope of the appended claims. All publications, patents and patent applications mentioned in this specification are herein incorporated in their entirety by reference into the specification, to the same extent as if each individual publication, patent or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated herein by reference. In addition, citation or identification of any reference in this application shall not be construed as an admission that such reference is available as prior art.