Abstract:
An apparatus and method for automatically controlling a drivetrain coupled to at least one drive wheel of a vehicle can include providing a first assembly including a low range drive ratio and a high range drive ratio. An electronic control unit can be configured to receive information from at least one sensor located on the vehicle and to provide an output signal based on the information. An actuator mechanism can be provided and configured to cause the first assembly to operate at a selected one of the low range drive ratio and the high range drive ratio based on instructions from the control unit. Separate algorithms can be provided to determine when to actuate from the high range drive ratio to the low range drive ratio and vice versa.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. 119(e) to U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/301,872 filed on Feb. 5, 2010, the disclosure if which is also incorporated herein by reference. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND 
       [0002]    1. Field 
         [0003]    The presently disclosed subject matter relates to devices, systems, and processes useful as a control system for a gear reduction assembly, and in particular, for automatically selecting between a low range drive ratio and a high range drive ratio. 
         [0004]    2. Description of the Related Art 
         [0005]    Typical four-wheel drive vehicles have a transfer case that is a separate powertrain component from the engine and the multi-ratio transmission. The transfer case supplies the drive torque to each of the front and rear axles in series with the transmission. Shift-on-the-fly gear selection allows automatic selection between two-wheel drive and four-wheel drive while the vehicle is in motion. An electronic control unit (ECU) can select two or four-wheel drive based on several input variables, including road conditions, engine load, wheel slip, acceleration, driver input, and other variables. 
         [0006]    The transfer case typically includes a gear reduction assembly that provides a high range drive ratio for normal driving speeds and a low range drive ratio for low driving speeds such as when the vehicle is driven off-road, when high torque is desired, when low traction surfaces exist, etc. For example, the low range drive ratio can be used when starting from a stop on an incline with a trailer in tow (i.e., when engine load is high). Each of the high range drive ratio and the low range drive ratio can be used with any one of the reverse drive ratio and the plurality of forward drive ratios available in the multi-ratio transmission. 
         [0007]    In these known four-wheel drive configurations, selection of the low range drive ratio or the high range drive ratio is initiated by the driver. The driver can physically cause the shift by moving a shift lever mounted in the passenger compartment that is mechanically connected to the gearing in the transfer case. Movement of the lever by the vehicle driver engages the selected one of the low range drive ratio and the high range drive ratio. 
         [0008]    Alternatively, the driver can initiate the shift between the low range drive ratio and the high range drive ratio by actuating an electrical switch in the driver area of the passenger compartment. The electrical switch signals an ECU that drives actuator(s) to shift between the low range drive ratio and the high range drive ratio. 
         [0009]    In each of these driver-initiated configurations, the low range drive ratio will not be engaged until the driver takes a deliberate action. Thus, it is possible for the high range drive ratio to remain engaged when it might be otherwise prudent to engage the low range drive ratio. Similarly, the low range drive ratio may remain engaged long after it is necessary for given vehicle operation parameters. Thus, fuel economy, acceleration ability, and other vehicle performance can be compromised. 
         [0010]    Accordingly, there is a need to provide a fully automated control of the selection of the low range drive ratio and the high range drive ratio without a specific prompt from the driver, as well as to provide operating parameters for an ECU that provide efficient and accurate automatic switching between the low range drive ratio and high range drive ratio. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0011]    According to an aspect of the disclosed subject matter, a method for automatically controlling a drivetrain coupled to at least one drive wheel of a vehicle, the drivetrain including a first assembly including a low range drive ratio and a high range drive ratio, and a second assembly including a reverse drive ratio and a plurality of forward drive ratios is disclosed. The method can include providing an electronic control unit configured to receive information from at least one sensor located on the vehicle and to provide an output signal based on the information, and providing an actuator mechanism configured to cause the first assembly to operate at a selected one of the low range drive ratio and the high range drive ratio. The method can also include automatically causing the actuator mechanism to select one of the low range drive ratio and the high range drive ratio based on the output signal from the electronic control unit, and driving the at least one drive wheel at the selected one of the low range drive ratio and the high range drive ratio and simultaneously with one of the reverse drive ratio and a ratio of the plurality of forward drive ratios. 
         [0012]    According to another aspect of the disclosed subject matter, a system for automatically controlling a two-speed gear reduction assembly in series with a multi-ratio transmission assembly of a vehicle, the two-speed gear reduction assembly including a low range drive ratio and a high range drive ratio, and the multi-ratio transmission assembly including a reverse drive ratio and a plurality of forward drive ratios, is disclosed. The system can include an actuator selectively movable between a low range position where the actuator couples the low range drive ratio in series with one of the reverse drive ratio and the plurality of forward drive ratios and a high range position where the actuator couples the high range drive ratio in series with the selected one of the reverse drive ratio and the plurality of forward drive ratios. The system can also include a vehicle speed sensor, a vehicle acceleration sensor, and a controller in electrical communication with each of the actuator, the vehicle speed sensor and the vehicle acceleration sensor. The controller can be configured to automatically select one of the low range drive ratio and the high range drive ratio based on electrical signals received from the vehicle speed sensor and the vehicle acceleration sensor. The controller can also be configured to automatically signal the actuator to move to a respective one of the low range position and the high range position when one of the low range drive ratio and the high range drive ratio is automatically selected. 
         [0013]    According to another aspect of the disclosed subject matter, a method for automatically controlling a drivetrain assembly driving at least one wheel of a vehicle, the drivetrain including a two-speed gear reduction assembly in series with a multi-ratio transmission assembly, the two-speed drive assembly including a low range drive ratio and a high range drive ratio, and the multi-ratio transmission assembly including a reverse drive ratio and a plurality of forward drive ratios, is disclosed. The method can include providing a switch that can be manually shifted from an automatic position to a manual position and determining a position of the switch. The method can also include selecting the low range drive ratio when the position of the switch equals the manual position, comparing a vehicle speed with a maximum vehicle speed when the position of the switch is equal to the automatic position, comparing an accelerator pedal position to a minimum position when the vehicle speed is less than the maximum speed, comparing a vehicle acceleration to a maximum acceleration when the accelerator pedal position is greater than the minimum position, causing the drivetrain to operate in the low range drive ratio when the vehicle acceleration is less than the maximum acceleration, causing the drivetrain to operate in the high range drive ratio when the position of the switch is equal to the automatic position and when one of the vehicle speed is at least equal to the maximum speed, the accelerator pedal position is at most equal to the minimum position, and the vehicle acceleration is at least equal to the maximum acceleration, and driving the at least one wheel at the selected one of the low range drive ratio and the high range drive ratio and with one of the reverse drive ratio and the plurality of forward drive ratios. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0014]    The disclosed subject matter of the present application will now be described in more detail with reference to exemplary embodiments of the apparatus and method, given by way of example, and with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: 
           [0015]      FIG. 1  is a schematic view of a first configuration of a powertrain and a control system of a vehicle made in accordance with principles of the disclosed subject matter. 
           [0016]      FIG. 2  is a flowchart representing a first embodiment of an algorithm useable by the control systems of  FIGS. 1 and 3 . 
           [0017]      FIG. 3  is a schematic view of a second configuration of a powertrain and a control system of a vehicle made in accordance with principles of the disclosed subject matter. 
           [0018]      FIG. 4  is a flowchart representative of a second embodiment of an algorithm usable by the control systems of  FIGS. 1 and 3 . 
           [0019]      FIG. 5  is a flowchart representative of a subroutine useable in the algorithm represented by the flowchart of  FIG. 4 . 
           [0020]      FIG. 6  is a flowchart representative of a subroutine useable in the subroutine represented by the flowchart of  FIG. 5 . 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS 
       [0021]      FIG. 1  schematically represents a powertrain of a vehicle  10  that includes a control system  200  made in accordance with principles of the disclosed subject matter. The control system  200  can select the appropriate one of a low range drive ratio and a high range drive ratio without direct input from the driver of the vehicle. That is, the control system  200  can cause a shift between the low range drive ratio and the high range drive ratio without the driver of the vehicle moving a gear shift lever or pushing an electrical switch mounted in the driver area of the passenger compartment. 
         [0022]    The vehicle  10  can include a power source, such as an internal combustion engine  14  and a drivetrain driven by the internal combustion engine  14 . The drivetrain can be configured as a two-wheel drivetrain, a four-wheel drivetrain, or an all-wheel drivetrain and can include a transaxle  12 , a pair of front driveshafts  16 L,  16 R, a pair of front wheels  18 L,  18 R, a propeller shaft  20 , a rear differential assembly  22 , a pair of rear driveshafts  24 L,  24 R, and a pair of rear wheels  26 L,  26 R. 
         [0023]    Each of the driveshafts  16 L,  16 R,  24 L,  24 R can extend in a transverse direction (indicated by arrows T) of the vehicle  10 . The rear driveshafts  24 L,  24 R can be spaced from the front driveshafts  16 L,  16 R in a longitudinal direction (indicated by arrows L) of the vehicle  10 —which direction is perpendicular to the transverse direction T. Each of the front driveshafts  16 L,  16 R can be connected to and driven by the transaxle  12 . Each of the rear driveshafts  24 L,  24 R can be connected to and driven by the rear differential  22 . 
         [0024]    The left front wheel  18 L can be connected to and driven by the left front driveshaft  16 L. The right front wheel  18 R can be connected to and driven by the right front driveshaft  16 R. The left rear wheel  26 L can be connected to and driven by the left rear driveshaft  24 L, and the right rear wheel  26 R can be connected to and driven by the right rear driveshaft  24 R. 
         [0025]    Each of the internal combustion engine  14  and the transaxle  12  can be oriented with their output shafts (not shown) in the transverse direction T of the vehicle  10 . However, this orientation can be varied without departing from the scope of the disclosed subject matter, and can include a perpendicular orientation between the engine output shaft and transaxle output shaft. The internal combustion engine  14  can be connected to the transaxle  12  to drive the transaxle  12  in a manner known in the art. 
         [0026]    The propeller shaft  20  can extend in the longitudinal direction L of the vehicle  10  and can be connected to each of the transaxle  12  and the rear differential assembly  22 . The propeller shaft  20  can be driven by the transaxle  12  and can drive the rear differential assembly  22 . 
         [0027]    The transaxle  12  can include a multi-ratio transmission  28 , a two-speed final drive assembly  30  and a power take-off assembly  32 . The transaxle  12  can be configured such that it is accommodated within the engine compartment (not shown) of the vehicle  10 . Accordingly, the passenger compartment of the vehicle  10  need not accommodate the transaxle  12 . Co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/847,639, entitled “Transversely Mounted Transaxle Having A Low Range Gear Assembly and Powertrain for A Vehicle Including Same” (Attorney Docket No. 3009-0097), filed concurrently herewith and incorporated herein by reference, discloses details of an exemplary embodiment of the transaxle  12 . 
         [0028]    The multi-ratio transmission  28  can be connected to and driven by the internal combustion engine  14  in a manner that is known in the art. The multi-ratio transmission  28  can include a discrete number of forward drive ratios and a reverse drive ratio, which can be selected manually by an operator of the vehicle  10  or automatically, as is known in the art. U.S. Pat. No. 4,974,473, the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference, discloses an example of a conventional automatic transmission that has a plurality of discrete forward drive ratios and a reverse drive ratio. 
         [0029]    Alternatively, the multi-ratio transmission  28  can include a plurality of forward drive ratios that can be varied continuously within the multi-ratio transmission  28  between a minimum drive ratio and a maximum drive ratio. The continuously variable multi-ratio transmission can also include a reverse drive ratio. U.S. Pat. No. 7,217,209, the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference, discloses an example of a continuously variable multi-ratio transmission. 
         [0030]    The two-speed final drive assembly  30  can be driven by the multi-ratio transmission  28  and can drive each of the front driveshafts  16 L,  16 R and the power take-off assembly  32  based on a selected one of a high range drive ratio and a low range drive ratio. Each of the high range drive ratio and the low range drive ratio can be selected independent of the ratio selected in the multi-ratio transmission  28 . That is, the two-speed drive assembly  30  can provide the selected one of the high range drive ratio and the low range drive ratio in series with any one of the reverse ratio and the forward ratios selected in the multi-ratio transmission  28 . The two-speed drive assembly  30  can include a high range gearing assembly that corresponds to the high range drive ratio and a low range gearing assembly that corresponds to the low range drive ratio. The high range gearing can be used for normal driving conditions, such as driving on a level surface, driving at highway speeds, driving on a dry road, etc. The low range gearing can be used for special driving conditions, such as driving on low traction surfaces, off-road driving, towing a trailer on an inclined surface at low speeds, starting from a stop with a trailer attached to the vehicle  10 , etc. Selection of the high range gearing and the low range gearing can be performed automatically by the control system  200 , as will be discussed in detail below. 
         [0031]    Each of the low range gearing and the high range gearing can be provided by respective combinations of meshing gears, such as those disclosed in the above-referenced co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/847,639, entitled “Transversely Mounted Transaxle Having A Low Range Gear Assembly and Powertrain for A Vehicle Including Same” (Attorney Docket No. 3009-0097). However, other known combinations of meshing gears can be used to provide a respective one of the low range gearing and the high range gearing. 
         [0032]    The transaxle  12  can include a housing  36  in which the multi-ratio transmission  28  and a front differential (not shown) for the front wheels  18 R,  18 L are mounted, as is known in the art. See, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,974,473, referenced above. The housing  36  can also contain the two-speed drive assembly  30  and the power take-off assembly  32 . 
         [0033]    The control system  200  can include an actuator  202 , a vehicle speed sensor  204 , an accelerator pedal position sensor  206  and an electronic control unit (ECU)  208  in electrical communication with each of the actuator  202 , the vehicle speed sensor  204  and the accelerator pedal position sensor  206 . Based on signals received from each of the sensors  204 ,  206 , the ECU  208  can output a control signal to the actuator  202  to move the actuator  202  between a low range position where the actuator  202  couples the low range drive ratio in series with a selected one of the reverse drive ratio and the plurality of forward drive ratios and a high range position where the actuator  202  couples the high range drive ratio in series with the selected one of the reverse drive ratio and the plurality of forward drive ratios. 
         [0034]    The actuator  202  can include any known actuator, such as an electrical actuator, a magnetic actuator, an electro-mechanical actuator, an electro-magnetic-mechanical actuator or an electro-hydraulic actuator. The actuator  202  can be coupled to a clutch (not shown) or other known torque transmission coupling device. The clutch can cause engagement of the selected one of the low range drive ratio and the high range drive ratio in series with selected one of the reverse drive ratio and the plurality of forward drive ratios. The actuator  202  can be a component of the two-speed final drive assembly  30  and at least the clutch can be mounted within the housing  36 , as is disclosed in the above-referenced co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/847,639, entitled “Transversely Mounted Transaxle Having A Low Range Gear Assembly and Powertrain for A Vehicle Including Same” (Attorney Docket No. 3009-0097). 
         [0035]    The vehicle speed sensor  204  can be a wheel speed sensor, a shaft speed sensor, or other known sensor capable of measuring data usable to determine the real-time travel speed of the vehicle. For example, the vehicle speed sensor  204  could be a sensor used to obtain data for a speedometer. 
         [0036]    The accelerator pedal position sensor  206  can be any known sensor capable of measuring movement and/or the relative location of an accelerator pedal of the vehicle. For example, the accelerator pedal position sensor can be a sensor used in a vehicle drive-by-wire system that can control the speed of the internal combustion engine  14 . 
         [0037]    The ECU  208  can be referred to as a central processing unit (CPU) or as a controller. The ECU  208  can be dedicated to the two-speed final drive assembly  30 . Alternatively, the ECU  208  can control the multi-ratio transmission  28  and/or the internal combustion engine  14  in addition to the two-speed final drive assembly  30 . If the ECU  208  is dedicated to the two-speed final drive assembly  30 , then the ECU  208  can be in electrical communication with an ECU(s) for the internal combustion engine and/or the multi-ratio-transmission. 
         [0038]    The control system  200  can further include a manual override switch  210  in electrical communication with the ECU  208 . The manual override switch  210  can enable the driver to disable automatic control of the actuator  202  by the ECU  208  and cause the actuator  202  to move to the low range position and engage the low range drive ratio. In addition, the override switch  210  can include another position that overrides the ECU  208  and causes the actuator  202  to move to the high range position and engage the high range drive ratio (thus, permitting the drivetrain to operate in the low range drive ratio only when either manually actuated by the override switch  210  or automatically actuated when the override switch  210  is placed back to the automatic position). 
         [0039]    The ECU  208  can be configured with hardware alone, or to run software, that permits the ECU  208  to receive, store and process data from the sensors. The ECU  208  can be configured with hardware alone, or to run software, that calculates the real-time vehicle acceleration based on real-time vehicle speed data provided to the ECU  208  by the vehicle speed sensor  204 . Alternatively, the vehicle speed sensor  204  could be a smart sensor configured with hardware alone, or to run software, that calculates the real-time vehicle acceleration and outputs the acceleration data to the ECU  208 . 
         [0040]    Although the exemplary embodiments depicted by  FIGS. 1 and 2  can rely on vehicle speed, accelerator pedal position, and vehicle acceleration as inputs for the selection between the low range drive ratio and the high range drive ratio, other vehicle operation parameters can be used as inputs, such as torque converter slippage, longitudinal orientation of vehicle, lock up clutch actuation, etc. These other parameters can be used in addition to, or in place of, any combination of the vehicle speed, the accelerator pedal position, and the vehicle acceleration. 
         [0041]    The ECU  208  can automatically select, without direct input from the driver, which one of the low range drive ratio and the high range drive ratio may be best suited for the given vehicle operation parameters. A subroutine built into the hardware or executed when running the software can be based on a flowchart illustrated in  FIG. 2 . 
         [0042]    The subroutine can begin at step S 100 . At step S 102 , the ECU  208  can determine if the driver has by-passed the automatic selection of the low range drive ratio and the high range drive ratio via the manual override switch  210 . That is, at step S 102 , the ECU  208  can determine if the driver has manually selected the low range drive ratio. In this exemplary embodiment, when the driver places the control system  200  into its manual mode by placing the manual override switch  210  in the ON position, the value of Manual Low Sw is equal to one (1). When the driver places the manual override switch  210  in the OFF position, the value of Manual Low Sw is equal to zero (0). 
         [0043]    The value of Manual Low Sw can be assigned by the manual override switch  210  and sent to the ECU  208 . That is, the manual override switch  210  can be configured with hardware and/or software to assign the value of Manual Low Sw based on the position (ON or OFF) of the manual override switch  210 . Alternatively, the manual override switch  210  can provide raw data to the ECU  208  and the ECU  208  can be provided with hardware and/or software to process the raw data into the appropriate value for Manual Low Sw. Also, the manual override switch  210  can provide the value for Manual Low Sw with or without a prompt from the ECU  208 . And, the value for Manual Low Sw can be stored in an electronic memory component external to or internal to at least one of the manual override switch  210  and the ECU  208  until needed by the ECU  208 . 
         [0044]    If the manual override switch  210  is placed in the ON position (i.e., the low range drive ratio is manually selected by the driver and the value of Manual Low Sw equals one (1)), then the subroutine can proceed to step S 104 . In step S 104 , the ECU  208  can select the low range drive ratio, in accordance with the driver&#39;s instruction. The ECU  208  then can proceed to step S 106  of the subroutine where the subroutine can end or go on to further processing steps to determine whether the current selection of drive ratio is continually appropriate. 
         [0045]    If the manual override switch  210  is activated by the driver, the ECU  208  can follow another subroutine where the ECU  208  can determine if it is not advantageous to permit manual engagement. Additionally, or alternatively, the ECU  208  can be configured to determine whether to disengage the low range drive ratio after it has been directly selected by the driver via the manual override switch  210 . 
         [0046]    The selection of the low range drive ratio can be carried to another subroutine where a decision can be made by the ECU  208  whether to signal the actuator  202  to move to the low range position. For example, the ECU  208  can be configured to collect data indicating the current position of the actuator  202  and comparing the current position to the position corresponding to the selection made at step S 104 . Alternatively, as part of step S 104 , the ECU  208  can signal the actuator  202  to move to the low range position, regardless of its current position. 
         [0047]    Also, as part of step S 104  or just prior to step S 104  or subsequent to step S 104 , the ECU  208  can be configured to compare other vehicle parameters before signaling the actuator  202  to move to the low range position at step S 104 . Examples of these parameters can include any of, but are not limited to, engine output torque, engine intake air flow, fuel flow, transmission output torque, transmission output speed, transmission gear selection, input speed of the power-take-off assembly  32 , output speed of the power-take-off assembly  32 , status of torque distribution in the rear differential  22 , position of an all-wheel-drive (AWD) manual switch or gear lever, vehicle inclination angle, vehicle load distribution, brake pedal position, and trailer detection signals. At any time, in the event that the ECU  208  determines an unsafe or undesired condition, a switch to low range (or back to high range) can be prevented by either the ECU  208  or by a mechanical limiting device or devices. The ECU  208  can work either alone or in combination with the mechanical limiting device(s) to prevent the transmission from switching between the low and high range positions. 
         [0048]    If the ECU  208  determines at step S 102  that the manual override switch  210  is not selected (i.e., placed in the OFF position and the value of Manual Low Sw equals zero (0)), then the control system  200  can operate in its automatic mode for selecting the appropriate one of the low range drive ratio and the high range drive ratio. And, the ECU  208  can proceed to step S 108  of the subroutine. Step S 108  can be useful for shift-on-the-fly capability for the control system  200 . 
         [0049]    At step S 108 , the ECU  208  can compare the data representing the real-time vehicle speed V provided by the vehicle speed sensor  204  with a maximum vehicle speed V max . The vehicle speed sensor  204  can be configured with hardware and/or software to assign the value of the real-time vehicle speed V and send it to the ECU  208 . Alternatively, the vehicle speed sensor  204  can send raw position data to the ECU  208  and the ECU  208  can be configured with hardware and/or software to process the raw data from the vehicle speed sensor  204  and assign the appropriate value to the real-time vehicle speed V based on this processing. Also, the vehicle speed sensor  204  can send the speed data to the ECU  208  without a prompt by the ECU  208  and the data can be stored in an electronic memory component internal to or external to at least one of the vehicle speed sensor  204  and the ECU  208  for access by the ECU  208 , as needed. Alternatively, the vehicle speed sensor  204  can send the data only when prompted by the ECU  208 . 
         [0050]    The maximum vehicle speed V max  can be set at a predetermined value that can provide an advantageous operation of the vehicle  10  (or vehicle  310  described below) in the low range drive ratio. The maximum vehicle speed V max  can be stored in an electronic memory device external to or internal to the ECU  208  for access by the ECU  208 , as needed. 
         [0051]    If the real-time vehicle speed V is at least equal to the maximum vehicle speed V max , then advantage(s) offered by the low range drive ratio may be diminished. Accordingly, the ECU  208  can proceed to step S 110 , where the high range drive ratio is selected. The ECU  208  can then proceed to step S 106  of the subroutine where the subroutine ends (or can go to further control or monitoring processing steps). 
         [0052]    As with the low range drive ratio selection, the selection of the high range drive ratio can be carried to another subroutine where a decision can be made whether to signal the actuator to move to the high range position. Alternatively, as part of step S 110 , the ECU  208  can signal the actuator  202  to move to the high range position, regardless of its current position. 
         [0053]    Also, as part of step S 110 , or just prior to step S 110 , the ECU  208  can be configured to compare other vehicle parameters before signaling the actuator  202  to move to the high range position at step S 110 . Examples of these parameters can include any of, but are not limited to the examples discussed above with respect to step S 104 . 
         [0054]    If the ECU  208  determines at step S 108  that the real-time vehicle speed V is less than the maximum vehicle speed V max , then the vehicle may be travelling at a speed for where an automatic shift to the low range drive ratio may be advantageous for the vehicle  10 . The ECU  208  can then proceed to step S 112 . 
         [0055]    At step S 112 , the ECU  208  can compare the data communicated by the accelerator pedal position sensor  206  (representing the real-time position AP of the accelerator pedal) to a minimum accelerator pedal position AP min . For example, the accelerator pedal (not shown) can have a real-time position AP that falls between an idle position where the internal combustion engine  14  operates under a minimum consumption of fuel and air and produces a minimum power output, and a wide-open throttle position where the internal combustion engine  14  operates under a maximum consumption of fuel and air. In general, each incremental position of the accelerator pedal between the idle position and the wide-open throttle position corresponds to a specific torque/power output value for the internal combustion engine  14 . The minimum accelerator position AP min  can be selected from this range of accelerator positions that corresponds to a minimum torque/power output of the internal combustion engine  14  that can be advantageous in combination with the low range drive ratio. The minimum accelerator pedal position AP min  can be stored in an electronic memory component external to or internal to the ECU  208  for access by the ECU  208 , as needed. 
         [0056]    Instead of measuring the real-time position AP of the accelerator pedal, the accelerator pedal position sensor  206  could measure the position of an engine throttle valve (not shown) that is mechanically or electrically coupled to the accelerator pedal, as is known in the art. In this exemplary embodiment, the engine throttle valve can move between an idle position and a wide-open throttle position that correspond, respectively, to the torque/power outputs of the internal combustion engine  14  described above. 
         [0057]    The accelerator pedal position sensor  206  can assign the value to the real-time position AP and can send this value to the ECU  208 . Alternatively, the accelerator pedal position sensor  206  can send raw position data to the ECU  208  and the ECU  208  can be configured with hardware and/or software to process the raw data from the accelerator pedal position sensor  206  and assign the appropriate value to the real-time position AP based on this processing. Also, the accelerator pedal position sensor  206  can send the position data to the ECU  208  without a prompt by the ECU  208  and the data can be stored in an electronic memory component internal to or external to the ECU  208  until the ECU  208  reaches step S 124 . Alternatively, the accelerator pedal position sensor  206  can send the data only when prompted by the ECU  208 . And, the value for the real-time position AP can be stored in an electronic memory component external to or internal to at least one of the ECU  208  and the accelerator pedal position sensor  206  for access by the ECU  208 , as needed. 
         [0058]    If the real-time position AP lies between the idle position and the minimum accelerator pedal position AP min , then the load on the internal combustion engine  14  may not be sufficient to take full advantage of the low range drive ratio. Accordingly, the ECU  208  can then proceed to step S 110  where the ECU  208  can select the high range drive ratio, as discussed above. The ECU  208  then can proceed to step S 106  of the subroutine where the subroutine can end, as discussed above. 
         [0059]    If the real-time position AP is greater than the minimum accelerator pedal position AP min , then the load on the internal combustion engine  14  may be sufficient to take advantage of the utility of the low range drive ratio. Accordingly, the ECU  208  can proceed to step S 114  of the subroutine. 
         [0060]    At step S 114 , the ECU  208  can compare the real-time vehicle acceleration dtV with a maximum vehicle acceleration dtV max . The maximum acceleration dtV max  can be independent of the minimum accelerator pedal position AP min  or the maximum acceleration dtV max  can correspond to the minimum accelerator pedal position AP min . This comparison can be useful to determine if the engine load suggested by the accelerator pedal position sensor  206  would benefit from the low range drive ratio. That is, if the real-time vehicle acceleration dtV is less than the maximum vehicle acceleration dtV max  despite a real-time accelerator pedal position AP indicative of a high torque/power output for the internal combustion engine  14 , then the low range drive ratio may be advantageous for the vehicle  10 . 
         [0061]    The real-time vehicle acceleration dtV can be provided by an acceleration sensor (not shown) in electrical communication with the ECU  208 . The acceleration sensor can assign the value of the real-time vehicle acceleration dtV and can send the real-time vehicle acceleration dtV to the ECU  208 . That is, the acceleration sensor can be configured with hardware and/or software to assign a value to the real-time vehicle acceleration dtV based on data sensed by the acceleration sensor. Alternatively, the acceleration sensor can provide raw data to the ECU  208  and the ECU  208  can be configured with hardware and/or software to process the raw data from the acceleration sensor and assign the appropriate value to the real-time vehicle acceleration dtV based on this processing. Also, the acceleration sensor can send the position data to the ECU  208  without a prompt by the ECU  208  and the data can be stored in an electronic memory component internal to or external to the ECU  208  until the ECU  208  reaches step S 114 . Alternatively, the acceleration sensor can send the data only when prompted by the ECU  208 . And, the value for the real-time vehicle acceleration dtV can be stored in an electronic memory component external to or internal to at least one of the acceleration seonsor and the ECU  208  for access by the ECU  208 , as needed. 
         [0062]    Alternatively, the real-time vehicle acceleration dtV can be calculated from sequential values of the real-time vehicle speed V. Either the vehicle speed sensor  204  or the ECU  208  can be configured with hardware and/or software to calculate the real-time vehicle acceleration dtV from the sequential values of the real-time vehicle speed V. The sequential values of the real-time vehicle speed can be stored in an electronic memory component external to or internal to either the vehicle speed sensor  204  or the ECU  208  for access by the appropriate one of the vehicle speed sensor  204  and the ECU  208 , as needed. 
         [0063]    The value of the maximum vehicle acceleration dtV max  can be stored in an electronic memory component external to or internal to at least one of the acceleration sensor, the vehicle speed sensor  204 , and the ECU  208  for access, as needed. 
         [0064]    If at step S 114  the ECU  208  determines that the real-time vehicle acceleration dtV is less than the maximum acceleration dtV max , the ECU  208  can proceed to step S 104  where the ECU selects the low range drive ratio, as discussed above. Then, the ECU  208  can proceed to step S 106  of the subroutine where the subroutine can end, as discussed above. 
         [0065]    If the ECU  208  determines at step S 104  that the real-time vehicle acceleration is not less than the maximum acceleration dtV max , then the ECU  208  can proceed to step S 110  where the ECU  208  can select the high range drive ratio. Thus, the actual vehicle performance substantially corresponds to an expected performance and the high range drive ratio can provide the most advantageous drivetrain performance with respect to power output and fuel consumption. 
         [0066]    Thus, steps S 108 , S 112  and S 114  can be beneficial for an automatic shift-on-the-fly capability of the control system  200 . 
         [0067]      FIG. 3  schematically represents another exemplary embodiment of a drivetrain of an automotive vehicle  310  that includes the control system  200  described above. Certain components of the vehicle  310  can be common with those of the vehicle  10  and are designated with like reference characters. The control system  200  of this embodiment of the vehicle  310  can implement the algorithm described above with reference to  FIG. 2 . 
         [0068]    The vehicle  310  can be configured as a four-wheel drive vehicle or an all-wheel drive vehicle with a power source, such as an internal combustion engine  314 , driving a four-wheel-drive-type drivetrain. The drivetrain can include a multi-ratio transmission  328  that has a reverse drive ratio and a plurality of discrete forward drive ratios that can be selected manually or automatically, as disclosed above. Similarly, the multi-ratio transmission  328  can be a continuously variable multi-ratio transmission, as described above. In contrast to the vehicle  10  depicted by  FIG. 1 , the internal combustion engine  314  and the multi-ratio transmission can be mounted along the longitudinal direction L of the vehicle  310 . 
         [0069]    The drivetrain can further include a pair of front driveshafts  16 L,  16 R, a pair of front wheels  18 L,  18 R, a primary propeller shaft  320 , a rear propeller shaft  324 , a front propeller shaft  326 , a front differential assembly  327 , a transfer case  330 , a rear differential assembly  322 , a pair of rear driveshafts  24 L,  24 R, and a pair of rear wheels  26 L,  26 R. 
         [0070]    The transfer case  330  can be spaced along the longitudinal direction L from the multi-ratio transmission  328 . The front propeller shaft  320  can connect the transfer case to the multi-ratio transmission  328  so that the multi-ratio transmission  328  can drive the transfer case  330 . Each of the rear propeller shaft  324  and the front propeller shaft  326  can be coupled to and driven by the transfer case in a manner known in the art. The transfer case  300  can include a gear assembly (not shown) that can provide each of the low range drive ratio and the high range drive ratio in a manner known in the art. 
         [0071]    The actuator  202  can be a component of the transfer case  330  and at least a portion of the actuator  202  can be mounted within the housing of the transfer case  330 , as is disclosed in the above-referenced U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/847,639, entitled “Transversely Mounted Transaxle Having A Low Range Gear Assembly and Powertrain for A Vehicle Including Same” (Attorney Docket No. 3009-0097). 
         [0072]      FIGS. 4-6  illustrate another embodiment of an algorithm in accordance with the presently disclosed subject matter. This alternate embodiment of the algorithm can be carried out in the control system  200  of  FIG. 1  or  FIG. 3 . The flowchart of  FIG. 4  represents a main subroutine that can be built into hardware of the ECU  208  of  FIG. 1  or  FIG. 3  or executed when the ECU  208  of  FIG. 1  or  FIG. 3  runs software. 
         [0073]    The main subroutine can begin at step S 120 . At step S 122 , the ECU  208  can determine if the driver has by-passed the automatic selection of the low range drive ratio and the high range drive ratio via the manual override switch  210 . That is, at step S 122 , the ECU  208  can determine if the driver has manually selected the low range drive ratio. In this exemplary embodiment, when the driver places the manual override switch  210  in the ON position, the value of Manual Low Sw can be equal to one (1). And, when the driver places the manual override switch  210  in the OFF position, the value of Manual Low Sw can be equal to zero (0). 
         [0074]    The value of Manual Low Sw can be assigned by the manual override switch  210  and sent to the ECU  208 . That is, the manual override switch  210  can be configured with hardware and/or software to assign the value Manual Low Sw based on the position (ON or OFF) of the manual override switch  210 . Alternatively, the manual override switch  210  can provide raw data to the ECU  208  and the ECU  208  can be provided with hardware and/or software to process the raw data into the appropriate value for Manual Low Sw. Also, the manual override switch  210  can provide the value for Manual Low Sw with or without a prompt from the ECU  208 . And, the value for Manual Low Sw can be stored in an electronic memory component external to or internal to at least one of the manual override switch  210  and the ECU  208  until needed by the ECU  208 . 
         [0075]    If the manual override switch  210  is placed in the ON position (i.e., the low range drive ratio is manually selected by the driver and the value of Manual Low Sw equals one (1)), then the ECU can proceed to step S 124  of the main subroutine. Further details of this manual override function will be described later. 
         [0076]    If the driver has placed the manual override switch  210  in the OFF position, then the ECU  208  can proceed to step S 126  because the value for Manual Low Sw is not equal to one (1). The ECU  208  can begin the automatic mode for selecting the appropriate one of the low range drive ratio and the high range drive ratio at step S 126 . Step S 126  represents a subroutine (the Auto Low Set subroutine) that the ECU  208  can follow to determine automatically whether the low range drive ratio is appropriate or whether the high range drive ratio is appropriate. 
         [0077]    At step S 126 , the ECU  208  can assign a value of zero (0) or one (1) to Auto Low. If the ECU  208  has assigned the value of Auto Low to be equal to one (1), then the ECU  208  has determined in the Auto Low Set subroutine (i.e., step S 126 ) that conditions may be favorable for selection of the low range drive ratio. If the ECU  208  has assigned the value of Auto Low to be equal to one (1), then the ECU  208  has determined in the Auto Low Set subroutine that conditions may not be favorable for selection of the low range drive ratio. Details of the Auto Low Set subroutine followed at step S 126  will be discussed further with reference to  FIG. 5 . 
         [0078]    After completing the Auto Low Set subroutine at step S 126 , the ECU can proceed to step S 128 . At step S 128 , the ECU  208  can compare the value of Auto Low assigned at step S 126  with a predetermined value. In this exemplary embodiment, this predetermined value can be one (1). This predetermined value can be stored in an electronic memory component external to or internal to the ECU  208  for access by the ECU  208 , as needed. If the ECU  208  determines that Auto Low equals one (1) at step S 128 , then the ECU can proceed to step S 130 . If the ECU  208  determines that Auto Low does not equal one (1) at step S 128 , then the ECU can proceed to step S 132 . 
         [0079]    If the ECU  208  moves from step S 128  to step S 130 , then the ECU  208  has determined that the low range drive ratio may be appropriate for the current vehicle conditions. At step S 130 , the ECU can select the low range drive ratio, in accordance with the automatic determination made by the ECU at step S 126 . This selection can involve the ECU  208  signaling the actuator  202  to move to the low range position. Alternatively, the signaling of the actuator  202  can be executed in a separate step or subroutine. For example, the ECU  208  can be configured to collect data indicating the current position of the actuator  202  and comparing the current position to the position corresponding to the selection made at step S 130 . Alternatively, as part of step S 130 , the ECU  208  can signal the actuator  202  to move to the low range position, regardless of its current position. 
         [0080]    Also, as part of step S 130  or just prior to step S 130  or subsequent to step S 130 , the ECU  208  can be configured to compare other vehicle parameters before signaling the actuator  202  to move to the low range position at step S 130 . Examples of these parameters can include any of, but are not limited to, engine output torque, engine intake air flow, fuel flow, transmission output torque, transmission output speed, transmission gear selection, input speed of the power-take-off assembly  32 , output speed of the power-take-off assembly  32 , status of torque distribution in the rear differential  22 , position of an AWD manual switch, vehicle inclination angle, vehicle load distribution, brake pedal position, and trailer detection signals. 
         [0081]    The ECU  208  can then proceed to step S 134  of the subroutine where the subroutine can end or go on to further processing steps to determine whether the current selection of the drive ratio is continually appropriate. 
         [0082]    If the ECU  208  moves from step S 128  to step S 132 , then the ECU  208  can select the high range drive ratio in accordance with the automatic determination made by the ECU  208  at step S 126 . This can involve the ECU  208  signaling the actuator  202  to move to the high range position. Alternatively, the signaling of the actuator  202  can be executed in a separate step or subroutine. For example, the ECU  208  can be configured to collect data indicating the current position of the actuator  202  and comparing the current position to the position corresponding to the selection made at step S 132 . Alternatively, as part of step S 132 , the ECU  208  can signal the actuator  202  to move to the low range position, regardless of its current position. 
         [0083]    If the ECU  208  moves from step S 122  to step S 124 , then the control system  200  is in the manual mode, in accordance with the driver&#39;s request. At step S 124 , the ECU  208  can determine whether the real-time position of the actuator  202  corresponds to the low range position or the high range position. 
         [0084]    The real-time actuator position can be reflected by the value Current Range. In this exemplary embodiment, when the actuator  202  is in the low range position, the value of Current Range can be zero (0). And, when the actuator  202  is in the high range position, the value of Current Range can be one (1). 
         [0085]    Prior to step S 124 , the ECU  208  can assign the value of Current Range based on the last value of actuator position. When the ignition switch (not shown) of the vehicle  10 ,  310  is turned on, the ECU  208  can either retrieve from an electronic memory component external to or internal to the ECU  208  the last saved value of the actuator position. Alternatively, when the ignition switch is turned on, the ECU  208  can be configured with hardware and/or software to signal the actuator  202  of  FIG. 1  or  FIG. 3  to move to the high range position. If the vehicle  10 ,  310  has been in operation and the ECU  208  has executed the subroutine of  FIG. 4  at least once, then the ECU  208  can assign Current Range with a value that corresponds to the last actuator position selected by the ECU  208  in the subroutine of  FIG. 4 . 
         [0086]    Alternately, the value of Current Range can be assigned by the actuator  202  and sent by the actuator  202  to the ECU  208 . Alternatively, the actuator  202  can send raw position data to the ECU  208  and the ECU  208  can be configured with hardware and/or software to process the raw data from the actuator  202  and assign the appropriate value of zero (0) or one (1) to Current Range based on this processing. Also, the actuator  202  can send the position data to the ECU  208  without a prompt by the ECU  208  and the data can be stored in an electronic memory component internal to or external to the ECU  208  until the ECU  208  reaches step S 124 . Alternatively, the actuator  202  can send the data only when prompted by the ECU  208 . 
         [0087]    At step S 124 , the ECU  208  can compare the value of Current Range to a predetermined value in order to determine which one of the low range drive ratio and the high range drive ratio is currently engaged. This predetermined value can be stored in an electronic memory component external to or internal to the ECU  208 . In this exemplary embodiment, the predetermined value can be equal to one (1). If the ECU  208  determines at step S 124  that the value of Current Range is not equal to one (1), then the ECU can proceed to step S 130 . If the ECU  208  determines at step S 124  that the value of Current Range is equal to one (1), then the ECU  208  can proceed to step S 136 . 
         [0088]    If the ECU  208  moves to step S 130  from step S 124 , then the current position of the actuator  202  corresponds to the low range position and the driver&#39;s request for the low range drive ratio is redundant to the real-time engagement of the low range drive ratio. When the ECU  208  moves to step S 130 , the ECU  208  can begin the process to signal the actuator  202  to remain in the low range position, as discussed above with respect to the automatic selection mode for the control system  200 . 
         [0089]    If the ECU  208  moves to step S 136 , then the current position of the actuator  202  corresponds to the high range position. At step S 136 , the ECU  208  can determine if the driver&#39;s manual request for a shift from the high range drive ratio to the low range drive ratio is appropriate based on the real-time vehicle speed V. The real-time vehicle speed V can be provided to the ECU  208  by the vehicle speed sensor  204  of  FIG. 1  or  FIG. 3 . The vehicle speed sensor  204  can be configured with hardware and/or software to assign the value of the real-time vehicle speed V and send it to the ECU  208 . Alternatively, the vehicle speed sensor  204  can send raw position data to the ECU  208  and the ECU  208  can be configured with hardware and/or software to process the raw data from the vehicle speed sensor  204  and assign the appropriate value to the real-time vehicle speed V based on this processing. Also, the vehicle speed sensor  204  can send the speed data to the ECU  208  without a prompt by the ECU  208  and the data can be stored in an electronic memory component internal to or external to at least one of the vehicle speed sensor  204  and the ECU  208  until the ECU  208  reaches step S 138 . Alternatively, the vehicle speed sensor  204  can send the data only when prompted by the ECU  208 . 
         [0090]    At step S 136 , the ECU  208  can compare the real-time vehicle speed V to a maximum speed value V max . The maximum speed value V max  can be a predetermined value that can provide an advantageous operation of the vehicle  10 ,  310  in the low range drive ratio. The maximum vehicle speed value V max  can be stored in an electronic memory component external to or internal to the ECU  208  for access by the ECU  208 , as needed. 
         [0091]    If the ECU  208  determines at step S 136  that the real-time vehicle speed V is less than the maximum speed value V max , then a shift from the high range drive ratio to the low range drive ratio can be performed, in accordance with the driver&#39;s request. Then, the ECU  208  can proceed to step S 130  where step S 130  can be performed, as described above. Upon completion of step S 130 , the ECU can proceed to step S 134  and perform step S 134 , as discussed above. 
         [0092]    If the ECU  208  determines at step S 136  that the real-time vehicle speed V is not less than the maximum speed value V max , then advantage(s) offered by the low range drive ratio may be diminished. Accordingly, the ECU  208  can maintain the actuator  202  in the high range position. Then, the ECU  208  can proceed to step S 132  where step S 132  can be performed as described above. Upon completion of step S 132 , the ECU can proceed to step S 134  and perform step S 134  as discussed above. 
         [0093]    As mentioned above, at step S 126 , the ECU  208  can follow a subroutine that can be used to automatically select the appropriate one of the low range drive ratio and the high range drive ratio when the manual override switch in turned off. This subroutine (Auto Low Set subroutine) is represented by the flowchart of  FIG. 5  and can begin at step S 140 . 
         [0094]    In the Auto Low Set subroutine, the ECU  208  can assign Auto Low with a value of zero (0) or one (1) based on real-time vehicle parameters. A value of zero (0) can represent a decision by the ECU  208  that conditions may not be favorable for the low range drive ratio. A value of one (1) can represent a decision by the ECU  208  that conditions may be favorable for the low range drive ratio. 
         [0095]    After entering the Auto Low Set subroutine at step S 140 , the ECU can proceed to step S 142 . At step S 142 , the ECU can compare the last value of Auto Low with a predetermined value. The last value of Auto Low can correspond to the value assigned by the ECU  208  when the ECU  208  last ran the Auto Low Set subroutine. Alternatively, the last value of Auto Low can correspond to the position of the actuator  202  the vehicle ignition is turned off. The last value of Auto Low Set can be stored in an electronic memory component external to or internal to the ECU  208 . 
         [0096]    If the low range drive ratio was last selected by the ECU  208 , then the last value of Auto Low can be equal to one (1) and the ECU  208  can proceed to step S 144 . At step S 144 , the ECU  208  can enter a subroutine (Auto Low Cancel Check subroutine) where the ECU can determine whether the current automatic engagement of the low range drive ratio should be maintained. Details of the Auto Low Cancel Check subroutine will be provided with the explanation of  FIG. 6 , below. 
         [0097]    If the high range drive ratio was last selected, the value of Auto Low can be equal to zero (0). If the value of Auto Low equals zero (0), then the ECU  208  can proceed to step S 146 . 
         [0098]    If the ECU  208  moves from step S 142  to step S 146 , then the ECU  208  can begin the decision process to determine the appropriateness of an automatic shift from the high range drive ratio to the low range drive ratio. 
         [0099]    At step S 146 , the ECU  208  can compare the real-time position AP of the accelerator pedal with a minimum accelerator pedal position AP min . The accelerator pedal position sensor  206  can communicate the real-time position AP to the ECU  208 . For example, the accelerator pedal (not shown) can have a real-time position AP that falls between an idle position where the internal combustion engine  14 ,  314  operates under a minimum consumption of fuel and air and produces a minimum power output, and a wide-open throttle position where the internal combustion engine  14 ,  314  operates under a maximum consumption of fuel and air. In general, each incremental position of the accelerator pedal between the idle position and the wide-open throttle position corresponds to a specific torque/power output value for the internal combustion engine  14 ,  314 . The minimum accelerator position AP min  can be selected from this range of accelerator positions that corresponds to a minimum torque/power output of the internal combustion engine  14 ,  314  that can be advantageous in combination with the low range drive ratio. The minimum accelerator pedal position AP min  can be stored in an electronic memory component external to or internal to the ECU  208  for access by the ECU  208 , as needed. 
         [0100]    Instead of measuring the real-time position AP of the accelerator pedal, the accelerator pedal position sensor  206  could measure the position of an engine throttle valve (not shown) that is mechanically or electrically coupled to the accelerator pedal, as is known in the art. In this exemplary embodiment, the engine throttle valve can move between an idle position and a wide-open throttle position that correspond, respectively, to the torque/power outputs of the internal combustion engine  14 ,  314  described above. 
         [0101]    The accelerator pedal position sensor  206  can assign the value to the real-time position AP and can send this value to the ECU  208 . Alternatively, the accelerator pedal position sensor  206  can send raw position data to the ECU  208  and the ECU  208  can be configured with hardware and/or software to process the raw data from the accelerator pedal position sensor  206  and assign the appropriate value to the real-time position AP based on this processing. Also, the accelerator pedal position sensor  206  can send the position data to the ECU  208  without a prompt by the ECU  208  and the data can be stored in an electronic memory component internal to or external to at least one of the accelerator pedal position sensor  206  and the ECU  208  for access by the ECU  208 , as needed. Alternatively, the accelerator pedal position sensor  206  can send the data only when prompted by the ECU  208 . And, the value for the real-time position AP can be stored in an electronic memory component external to or internal to at least one of the ECU  208  and the accelerator pedal position sensor  206  for access by the ECU  208 , as needed. 
         [0102]    If the real-time position AP lies between the idle position and the minimum accelerator pedal position AP min , inclusive, then the load on the internal combustion engine  14 ,  314  may not be sufficient to take full advantage of the low range drive ratio. That is, the real-time position AP is not greater than the minimum accelerator pedal position AP min  and the ECU  208  can then proceed to step S 148 . 
         [0103]    If the ECU  208  moves from step S 146  to step S 148 , then the ECU  208  can assign Auto Low with a value equal to zero (0). Then, the ECU can move step S 150 , where the ECU  208  can exit the Auto Low Set subroutine and return to step S 126  of the main subroutine represented by  FIG. 4 . The ECU  208  can then proceed with the steps subsequent to step S 126  of the main subroutine, as described above with reference to  FIG. 4 . 
         [0104]    If the real-time position AP is greater than the minimum accelerator pedal position AP min , then the load on the internal combustion engine  14 ,  314  may be sufficient to take advantage of the utility of the low range drive ratio. Accordingly, the ECU  208  can proceed to step S 152  of the Auto Low Set subroutine. 
         [0105]    At step S 152 , the ECU  208  can compare the real-time vehicle acceleration dtV with a maximum vehicle acceleration dtV max . The maximum acceleration dtV max  can be independent of the minimum accelerator pedal position AP min  or the maximum acceleration dtV max  can correspond to the minimum accelerator pedal position AP min . This comparison can be useful to determine if the engine load suggested by the accelerator pedal position sensor  206  would benefit from the low range drive ratio. That is, if the real-time vehicle acceleration dtV is less than the maximum vehicle acceleration dtV max  despite a real-time accelerator pedal position AP indicative of a high torque/power output for the internal combustion engine  14 ,  314 , then the low range drive ratio may be advantageous for the vehicle  10 ,  310 . 
         [0106]    The real-time vehicle acceleration dtV can be provided by an acceleration sensor (not shown) in electrical communication with the ECU  208 . The acceleration sensor can assign the value of the real-time vehicle acceleration dtV and can send the real-time vehicle acceleration dtV to the ECU  208 . That is, the acceleration sensor can be configured with hardware and/or software to assign a value to the real-time vehicle acceleration dtV based on data sensed by the acceleration sensor. Alternatively, the acceleration sensor can provide raw data to the ECU  208  and the ECU  208  can be configured with hardware and/or software to process the raw data from the acceleration sensor and assign the appropriate value to the real-time vehicle acceleration dtV based on this processing. Also, the acceleration sensor can send the position data to the ECU  208  without a prompt by the ECU  208  and the data can be stored in an electronic memory component internal to or external to the ECU  208  until the ECU  208  reaches step S 114 . Alternatively, the acceleration sensor can send the data only when prompted by the ECU  208 . And, the value for the real-time vehicle acceleration dtV can be stored in an electronic memory component external to or internal to at least one of the acceleration seonsor and the ECU  208  for access by the ECU  208 , as needed. 
         [0107]    Alternatively, the real-time vehicle acceleration dtV can be calculated from sequential values of the real-time vehicle speed V. Either the vehicle speed sensor  204  or the ECU  208  can be configured with hardware and/or software to calculate the real-time vehicle acceleration dtV from the sequential values of the real-time vehicle speed V. The sequential values of the real-time vehicle speed can be stored in an electronic memory component external to or internal to either the vehicle speed sensor  204  or the ECU  208  for access by the appropriate one of the vehicle speed sensor  204  and the ECU  208 , as needed. 
         [0108]    The value of the maximum vehicle acceleration dtV max  can be stored in an electronic memory component external to or internal to at least one of the acceleration sensor, the vehicle speed sensor  204 , and the ECU  208  for access, as needed. 
         [0109]    If the ECU  208  determines at step S 152  that the real-time vehicle acceleration not less than the maximum acceleration dtV max , then the ECU  208  can proceed to step S 148  where the ECU  208  can assign Auto Low with a value that can be equal to zero (0). Thus, the actual vehicle performance substantially corresponds to an expected performance and the high range drive ratio can provide the most advantageous drivetrain performance with respect to power output and fuel consumption. Then the ECU  208  can continue as discussed above. 
         [0110]    If at step S 152  the ECU  208  determines that the real-time vehicle acceleration dtV is less than the maximum acceleration dtV max , the ECU  208  can proceed to step S 154 . 
         [0111]    At step S 154 , the ECU  208  can compare the data representing the real-time vehicle speed V provided by the vehicle speed sensor  204  with the maximum vehicle speed V max , as discussed above with respect to step S 136 . 
         [0112]    If the real-time vehicle speed V is not less than the maximum vehicle speed V max , then advantage(s) offered by the low range drive ratio may be diminished. Accordingly, the ECU  208  can proceed to steps S 148  and S 150 , where the ECU  208  can proceed as discussed above. 
         [0113]    If the ECU  208  determines at step S 154  that the real-time vehicle speed V is less than the maximum vehicle speed V max , then the vehicle may be travelling at a speed for where an automatic shift to the low range drive ratio may be advantageous for the vehicle  10 . The ECU  208  can then proceed to step S 156  where the ECU  208  can assign Auto Low with a value that can be equal to one (1). 
         [0114]    Then, the ECU  208  can proceed to step S 150 , as discussed above. 
         [0115]    Thus, the flowchart of  FIG. 5  has been described under various conditions where the ECU  208  enters step S 140  with Auto Low having a value not equal to one (1). That, the actuator  202  is not in the low range position when the ECU  208  begins the Auto Low Set subroutine. 
         [0116]    Next, execution of an algorithm represented by the flowchart of  FIG. 5  will be described, where the actuator  202  is in the low range position when the ECU  208  begins the Auto Low Set subroutine. In this example, the value of Auto Low can be equal to one (1) and the ECU  208  will move from step S 142  to step S 144 . 
         [0117]    At step S 144 , the ECU  208  will begin another subroutine (Auto Low Cancel Check subroutine) where the ECU  208  will first determine if the actuator  202  should be move from the low range position to the high range position. In this subroutine, the ECU  208  can assign Auto Low Cancel a value that can be equal to zero (0) or one (1). A value of zero (0) for Auto Low Cancel can represent a condition where further use of the low range drive ratio can be beneficial to the performance of the vehicle  10 ,  310 . A value of one (1) for Auto Low Cancel can represent a condition where any advantage(s) offered by the low range drive ratio may be diminished with continued use of the low range drive ratio. The ECU  208  will return from the Auto Low Cancel Check subroutine and resume the Auto Low Set subroutine at step S 144 . Details of this subroutine will be discussed with respect to  FIG. 6  below. 
         [0118]    After resuming at step S 144 , the ECU  208  can then proceed to step S 158 . At step S 158 , the ECU  208  can compare the value of Auto Low Cancel with a predetermined value. In this exemplary embodiment, the predetermined value can be equal to one (1). If the ECU  208  determines that Auto Low Cancel is equal to one (1), then the ECU  208  can proceed to steps S 148  and S 150 , as discussed above. If the ECU  208  determines that Auto Low Cancel is not equal to one (1), then the ECU  208  can proceed to steps  5156  and  5150 , as discussed above. 
         [0119]    Under certain conditions, it may be prudent for the ECU  208  to automatically cause a shift from the low range drive ratio to the high range drive ratio. For example, it may be beneficial to engage the high range drive ratio every instance just prior to turning off the engine ignition. By way of another example, it may be beneficial for the ECU to automatically shift from the low range drive ratio to the high range drive ratio when the vehicle reaches a traveling speed that is suggestive of normal traction conditions, such as, clear, dry pavement, level ground, etc. In contrast, an example where it may be prudent to maintain engagement of the low range drive ratio may be when the traction control system is active. Other exemplary scenarios where maintenance or cancelation of the low range drive ratio are possible and are apparent to those skilled in the art. 
         [0120]    As previously mentioned, step S 144  of the Auto Low Set subroutine can represent the Auto Low Cancel Check subroutine that can be used to determine if the current automatic engagement of the low range drive ratio should be maintained. The ECU  208  can begin the Auto Low Cancel Check subroutine at step S 160 . 
         [0121]    The ECU  208  can move from step S 160  to step S 162 , where the ECU can compare the value of the real-time position AP with a predetermined value. In this exemplary embodiment, the predetermined value can be zero (0). This value of the real-time position AP can represent a condition where the accelerator pedal (or the throttle valve) is in the idle position, as discussed above. 
         [0122]    Step S 162  can be used by the ECU  208  to determine whether to activate an accelerator pedal timer T AP  or to reset the accelerator pedal timer T AP . As will be discussed below, the accelerator pedal timer T AP  can be used by the ECU  208  to cancel further use of the low range drive ratio and to cause an automatic shift to the high range driver ratio. 
         [0123]    At ignition on or at ignition off, the value of the accelerator pedal timer T AP  can be set by the ECU  208  at a predetermined value and stored in an electronic memory component external to or internal to the ECU  208  for access by the ECU  208 , as needed. The predetermined value can represent a maximum time deemed appropriate by one skilled in the art. Thus, when the ECU  208  enters the Auto Low Check subroutine for the first time, the accelerator pedal timer T AP  can be set at its predetermined value. 
         [0124]    If the ECU  208  determines that the real-time position AP has a value not equal to zero (0), then the ECU  208  can move to step S 164 . At step S 164 , the ECU  208  can set the accelerator pedal timer T AP  to be equal to the predetermined value. 
         [0125]    If the ECU  208  determines that the real-time position AP has a value equal to zero (0), then the ECU  208  can proceed to step S 164  where the ECU  208  can decrement (i.e., increment by a negative number) the current value of the accelerator pedal timer T AP . 
         [0126]    Other values can be used as the basis for the comparison of the value of AP step S 162  with a corresponding change in the decisions “Yes” and “No”. By way of example, the comparison at step S 162  can be “AP&gt;0?” with the decision leading to step S 166  being “No” and the decision leading to step S 164  being “Yes”. 
         [0127]    From either step S 164  or step S 166 , the ECU  208  can proceed to step S 168 . At step S 168 , the ECU  208  can determine if the traction control system (TCS) is active. The ECU  208  can obtain real-time status data of the TCS from an electronic memory component external to or internal to the ECU  208 , as needed. Alternatively, the ECU  208  can be connected to an ECU that manages the TCS, such as a dedicated TCS ECU or an ECU dedicated to engine management. The ECU  208  can be configured with hardware and/or software to further process the real-time TCS status data or the ECU  208  can obtain this data ready for use by the ECU  208  at step S 168 . 
         [0128]    If the TCS is not active, then the ECU  208  can move to step S 170 . If the TCS is active, then the ECU  208  can skip to step S 172 . 
         [0129]    At step S 170 , the ECU  208  can compare the real-time vehicle speed V to the maximum low range speed V max,low . The maximum low range speed V max,low  can be set a predetermined value deemed appropriate by one skilled in the art. In this exemplary embodiment, the maximum low range speed V max,low  can be set at a value that can correspond to the maximum speed at which the low range drive ratio may be beneficial to performance of the vehicle  10 ,  310 . Alternatively, the maximum low range speed V max,low  can be equal to the the maximum vehicle speed V max  discussed above. 
         [0130]    Step S 170  can be used by the ECU  208  to determine whether to activate a vehicle speed timer T V  or to reset the vehicle speed timer T V . As will be discussed below the vehicle speed timer T V  can be used by the ECU  208  to cancel further use of the low range drive ratio and to cause an automatic shift to the high range driver ratio. 
         [0131]    At ignition on or at ignition off, the value of the vehicle speed timer T V  can be set by the ECU  208  at a predetermined value and stored in an electronic memory component external to or internal to the ECU  208  for access by the ECU  208 , as needed. The predetermined value can represent a maximum time deemed appropriate by one skilled in the art. Thus, when the ECU  208  enters the Auto Low Check subroutine for the first time, the vehicle speed timer T V  can be set at its predetermined value. 
         [0132]    If the ECU  208  determines that the real-time vehicle speed V is not greater than the maximum low range speed V max,low,  then the ECU  208  can proceed to step S 172 . At step S 172 , the ECU  208  can set the vehicle speed timer T V  to be equal to the predetermined value. 
         [0133]    If the ECU  208  determines that the real-time vehicle speed V is greater than the maximum low range speed V max,low , then the ECU  208  can proceed to step S 174  where the ECU  208  can decrement the current value of the vehicle speed timer T V . 
         [0134]    From either step S 170  or step S 174 , the ECU  208  can proceed to step S 176 . At step S 176 , the ECU can determine if either of the timers T AP , T V  have time out. If either timer equals zero (0) then the ECU can proceed to step S 178  where the ECU can assign a value to Auto Low Cancel that can be equal to one (1). If the ECU  208  determines that both timers are not equal to zero (0), then the ECU can proceed to step S 180 , where the ECU  208  can assign a value to Auto Low Cancel that can be equal to zero (0). 
         [0135]    From either step S 178  or step S 180 , the ECU  208  can proceed to step S 182 . At step S 182 , the ECU  208  can exit the Auto Low Cancel Check subroutine and resume the Auto Low Set subroutine at step S 144 , as discussed above. 
         [0136]    Other parameters can be considered in the subroutines represented by  FIGS. 4-6 . Examples of these parameters can include any of, but are not limited to, engine output torque, engine intake air flow, fuel flow, transmission output torque, transmission output speed, transmission gear selection, input speed of the power-take-off assembly  32 , output speed of the power-take-off assembly  32 , status of torque distribution in the rear differential  22 , position of an AWD manual switch, vehicle inclination angle, vehicle load distribution, brake pedal position, and trailer detection signals. 
         [0137]    Thus, an algorithm in accordance with the disclosed subject matter and executed by the control system n accordance with the disclosed subject matter can provide automatic on-the-fly shifts between the low range drive ratio and the high range drive ratio. Such a control system can also permit the driver to override the automatic selection of the low and high range drive ratios and request engagement of the low range drive ratio. Such a control system  200  can also monitor the driver&#39;s request for manual engagement of the low range drive ratio. 
         [0138]    While certain embodiments of the disclosed subject matter are described above, it should be understood that the disclosed subject matter can be embodied and configured in many different ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosed subject matter. 
         [0139]    While the method and control loop shown in FIGS.  2  and  4 - 6  are described with respect to certain steps S 100 -S 114  and S 120 -S 182 , there could be many different and additional steps in various chronological order without departing from the scope of the presently disclosed subject matter. 
         [0140]    Additionally, the values of Manual Low Sw, Current Range, Auto Low, and Auto Low Cancel could be compared to values different from either zero (0) or one (1). In accordance with these modification, the decision answers correspondingly can be changed from “Yes” to “No” and from “No” to “Yes” at steps S 122 , S 124 , S 128 , S 142 , S 158 . 
         [0141]    In a another modification in accordance with the disclosed subject matter, the comparison base (i. e, Vmax, APmin, dtVmax) for any or all of the real-time vehicle speed V, the real-time accelerator position AP and the real-time vehicle acceleration dtV can be assigned different values with a corresponding change in the mathematical symbol representing the comparison and/or the decision answers (i.e., “Yes” and “No”) at steps S 146 , S 152 , S 154 , and S 170 . 
         [0142]    Also, the timers T V , T AP  can be incremented instead of decremented at steps S 166  and S 174 . In this alternate embodiment, the timers T V , T AP  can be reset to a minimum value (or to a value equal to zero (0)). In a further modification, the timers T V , T AP  can be compared to a maximum timer value (for example, a value of thirty (30)) instead of to a value of zero (0) when the timers are either decremented or incremented, with a corresponding change in the values of “Yes” and “No” at the comparison decision step S 176 . 
         [0143]    In another exemplary embodiment, the ECU  208  can be directly connected to the engine  14 ,  314  and the transmission  28 ,  328  via electrical communication lines. Alternatively, the ECU  208  can be connected to an ECU(s) for the engine  14 ,  314  and/or the transmission  28 ,  328  via electrical communication lines. 
         [0144]    In yet another possible embodiment, the presently disclosed subject matter could be incorporated into a manual transmission, if desired. In such a case, the operator of the vehicle could realize the benefit of using a low or high gear ratio without making the decision to place (or manually placing) the vehicle into the low or high range ratio. 
         [0145]    While the subject matter has been described in detail with reference to exemplary embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that various changes can be made, and equivalents employed, without departing from the scope of the invention. All related art references discussed in the above Description of the Related Art section are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.