Abstract:
In accordance with some embodiments, methods, media, and apparatus are described for facilitating play of a lottery game. An indication of a lottery entry is received, the lottery entry being active in at least a first lottery drawing. An indication is received that the lottery entry is to be active in at least one second lottery drawing if the lottery entry fails to qualify for a prize in the first lottery drawing. A result of the first lottery drawing is determined with respect to the lottery entry, and the lottery entry is activated in each second lottery drawing, in turn, until the lottery entry is a winner.

Description:
The present application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/136,043, entitled “METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR OPERATING LOTTERIES AND FOR GENERATING AND PROCESSING LOTTERY ENTRIES”, filed May 24, 2005; and issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,300,349 on Nov. 27, 2007; 
   which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/623,046 , filed Jul. 18, 2003; and issued as U.S. Pat. No. 6,908,382 on Jun. 21, 2005; 
   which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/568,484, filed May 10, 2000, and which issued as U.S. Pat. No. 6,599,186 B1 on Jul. 29, 2003; 
   which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/052,295 filed Mar. 31, 1998 and which issued as U.S. Pat. No. 6,086,477 on Jun. 11, 2000. 
   Each of the above-referenced applications is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. 
   This application is also related to the following U.S. patent applications: 
   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/424,911 filed Jun. 19, 2006 and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/424,912 filed Jun. 19, 2006. 

   FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
   The present invention relates generally to lotteries and more specifically to methods and apparatus for generating and processing lottery entries. 
   BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
   Lotteries currently generate over $30 billion in ticket sales in the US alone. Thirty-eight states in the US offer at least one government-sponsored lottery, with much of the profits going to augment the state tax base, for example by funding state educational systems. 
   In a typical operation, a lottery is operated by a central authority with a government-licensed sponsor providing much of the equipment and support necessary to establish, market, and run the operation. Such a central authority typically maintains one or more centralized operations for receiving and processing lottery entries, the entries themselves being sold at remote authorized lottery outlets or terminals. 
   A purchase of a lottery ticket typically requires a visit to one of the authorized lottery outlets, where the process varies depending on the type of game to be played. Commonly known games include ‘instant’ tickets, or ‘scratch’ tickets, where the winning status is apparent on the face of the ticket, and ‘Lotto’ games where the player picks or otherwise receives a set of entry numbers, the status of the numbers determined by a match with numbers selected in a subsequent lottery drawing. The present invention has particular application to Lotto style lotteries, which will be discussed in detail herein. 
   In a Lotto game, a player selects one or more numbers, the exact format, quantity and ordinal value range of the numbers being dependent on the type of game. In a “6/49” game, for example, six numbers are selected, each in the range from one to forty-nine. The numbers may be selected individually by the purchaser. Alternatively, many lottery authorities offer a ‘quick-pick’ option whereby, upon request by the purchaser, a random number generator controlled by the lottery authority is used to select the entry numbers. In either case, the actual ticket request is typically made through the completion of a ‘sense mark form,’ or ‘bet slip,’ which is a machine-readable paper form having check boxes that are filled in by the purchaser and read by the lottery terminal. For a further description of “Lotto” style lottery games, Including the 6/49 game, reference is made to  Dr Z&#39;s  6/49  Lotto Guidebook , by Ziemba, Dr, William T., et al., published 1986 by Dr. Z Investments, Inc., ISBN 0-9690097-2-2, incorporated herein by reference. 
   The ticket purchase information is read by the local lottery terminal and transmitted to the central lottery authority. The central authority processes the ticket request by storing the selected lottery numbers, and assigning a ticket identifier An appropriate ticket is printed at the terminal and sold to the player. The ticket is kept by the player as validation of an entry in a lottery drawing, which is typically held once or twice per week. 
   A lottery ticket is typically good for one lottery drawing. Thus, each entry in a lottery normally requires a trip to a lottery terminal to purchase a ticket. 
   Recently, limited options have been made available whereby lottery tickets may be purchased without visits to a lottery agent. To increase ticket sales, as well as for customer-convenience, some lotteries now offer subscription sales of lottery tickets. With a subscription ticket, lottery entries are automatically re-entered into drawings for a predefined number of weeks. Such subscription tickets are often made available at a discounted price. The Vermont State Lottery, for example, offers multiple drawing “contracts,” or a subscription, whereby a player can enter selected numbers in multiple drawings. While a lottery subscription is more convenient, there is no guarantee that the player will win any prize. 
   In most lotteries, a jackpot that is not won by a player in a drawing is “rolled over” into the next drawing. In fact, the value of the Jackpot is usually progressive, in that it increases each time a winner does not result from a drawing. While the lottery jackpot remains progressive, however, each ticket is typically only valid for a single drawing. Even with subscription purchases, the subscription or contract represents a virtual series of tickets, each good for a predetermined drawing. Despite the fact that the purchase of a ticket is not required for every single drawing in which an entry is required, significant time, energy and planning are still required on the part of a player to purchase lottery tickets, with, of course, no guarantee of a winning return. 
   One system for enabling lottery players to reuse lottery tickets in subsequent lottery drawings is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,186,463 to Marin. The Marin patent teaches a system and method by which a lottery player may purchase a lottery entry which is applied to all subsequent drawings in which a jackpot prize is not awarded. Thus, if a jackpot is not awarded for three drawings subsequent to the purchase of the ticket, the ticket is automatically valid and re-entered into each of those drawings. The ticket becomes invalid or expired upon the award of a jackpot, whether that ticket represented a winning selection or not. Thus, the Marin patent relieves at most a small part of the burden of traveling to a lottery agent and waiting on line to purchase lottery tickets. 
   A number of lottery agencies have adopted the practice of selling lottery tickets that offer bonus prizes in addition to qualifying for prizes associated with a drawing. Still other lottery tickets include promotions offering discounts on products or services if the tickets do not win a drawing-based prize. The Missouri Lottery, for example, offers an instant win ticket having on one side an entry for a lottery prize of up to $1,000 in cash, and on the other side a “bonus spot” providing an opportunity to win one prize from amongst millions of prizes donated by local businesses. Along similar lines, the Pennsylvania Lottery offers a “Cookout Cash” ticket. The “Cookout Cash” ticket is a lotto style ticket which further includes a coupon redeemable for a discounted meal if a prize is not won in a weekly drawing. These programs typically involve promotional advertising by businesses in partnership with a lottery authority. Despite the fact that a purchaser is guaranteed at least a nominal value for each ticket, the tickets are only valid for a single lottery drawing, requiring a player to purchase subsequent tickets to participate in subsequent drawings. 
   Similar to the state lottery programs described above, private companies have also offered promotional lottery games in which every ticket represents at least a nominal value to the player. Liberty Bank, for example, has offered instant tickets with guaranteed prizes ranging from $0.50 to $100. Similarly, MCA has offered free scratch-and-win cards in which a ticket that does not win through the scratch-off game can be used to obtain a $2 discount on a compact disc at a participating retailer. A further example of a promotional lottery ticket was offered as a benefit for “Art Against Aids,” wherein a ticket holder was guaranteed to win one of more than 100 donated art pieces. 
   While the games described above guarantee a prize for every player, the guaranteed prizes typically represent nominal promotional values. They do not represent the potential to win a significant, drawing-based lottery award, nor are the prizes awarded from the actual lottery prize pool. 
   Thus, to the best of applicants&#39; knowledge, participation in a lottery drawing has in the past required that a ticket be purchased specifically for that drawing. While some subscription and contract services are now available, whereby entries can be purchased for a series of drawings, the entries are limited to a pre-determined number of drawings, regardless of the results of those drawings. In the instance of Marin, a purchased ticket might have some limited carry-over opportunity if a jackpot is not awarded in a drawing. 
   SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
   Given the deficiencies of the prior art in making participation in lotteries convenient to players, it would be most desirable to provide a lottery ticket that is entered into subsequent lottery drawings until that ticket wins a drawing-based prize. Such a ticket would make participation in lottery drawings significantly more convenient and attractive to interested players than has heretofore been available. Such a ticket would desirably have the result of increasing player participation in lotteries, thereby providing the opportunity for a lottery to award more prizes while yielding a higher return to the sponsoring party or government organization. 
   An object of the present invention is thus to provide a method and apparatus for generating and processing lottery entries whereby a lottery entry is effective for consideration in lottery drawings until that entry wins a drawing-based prize. 
   Another object of the invention is to provide a method and apparatus for operating a lottery wherein entries are accepted for consideration in lottery drawings until each entry wins a drawing-based prize. 
   In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method, apparatus, and program product for operating a lottery, the method comprising the steps of: receiving a result of a lottery drawing; comparing the result to a plurality of stored lottery entries; and if the result corresponds to one of the plurality of stored lottery entries, identifying the one entry as a winning lottery entry. At least one non-winning lottery entry is identified from the plurality of stored lottery entries, and the method is continued for (at least one) subsequent lottery drawing(s) until the at least one non-winning lottery entry is identified as a winning lottery entry. 
   In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method, apparatus, and program product for generating lottery entries usable in a plurality of lottery drawings, the method comprising the steps of: receiving a request to purchase a lottery entry; and receiving with the request an indicator that the lottery entry is to be entered into a plurality of lottery drawings until a lottery drawing identifies the lottery entry as a winner. A ticket identifier is generated for the lottery entry to validate the lottery entry and the indicator, and the ticket identifier is transmitted to a remote terminal. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES 
     These and other objects, features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from a consideration of the detailed description of the invention when read in conjunction with the drawing figures, in which. 
       FIG. 1  is a plan view of a printed sense mark strip for procuring a lottery ticket to participate in a lottery in accordance with the present invention; 
       FIG. 2  is a plan view of a printed lottery ticket for participating in a lottery in accordance with the present invention; 
       FIG. 3A  is a diagrammatic view of a lottery authority server in accordance with the present invention; 
       FIG. 3B  is a diagrammatic view of a remote lottery terminal in accordance with the present invention; 
       FIG. 4  is a table illustrating the contents of the ticket database of  FIG. 3 ; 
       FIG. 5  is a table illustrating the contents of the never lose ticket database of  FIG. 3 ; 
       FIG. 6  is a table illustrating the contents of the winning ticket database of  FIG. 3 ; 
       FIG. 7  is a table illustrating the contents of the dealer database of  FIG. 3 ; 
       FIG. 8  is a flow chart illustrating an overview of a process of obtaining a lottery ticket in accordance with the present invention; 
       FIG. 9  is a flow chart illustrating a process of operating a lottery terminal to generate a ticket in accordance with the present invention; 
       FIGS. 10A , B together show a flow chart illustrating a process by which a lottery authority server generates a lottery ticket entry/number in accordance with the present invention; 
       FIG. 11  is a flow chart illustrating a process of calculating a price for a lottery ticket in accordance with the present invention; 
       FIGS. 12A , B together show a flow chart illustrating a process of identifying winning lottery entries in accordance with the present invention; 
       FIGS. 13A , B together show a flow chart illustrating a process by which a player can query the status of a lottery entry in accordance with the present invention; 
       FIG. 14  is a flow chart illustrating an overview of a process for cashing in a winning lottery ticket to receive a prize in accordance with the present invention; 
       FIG. 15  is a flow chart illustrating a process of operating a lottery terminal to process a winning lottery ticket in accordance with the present invention; and 
       FIGS. 16A , B together show a flow chart illustrating a method by which a lottery authority server processes a winning lottery ticket in accordance with the present invention. 
   

   DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
   System 
   In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, a never-lose entry in a lottery remains active, and is thus re-entered in subsequent lottery drawings, until the entry wins a drawing-based prize. That is, the never-lose entry is active until it matches a winning lottery result, i.e. a winning lottery number. 
   This is in contrast to prior art lotteries wherein a losing ticket might win a prize based on a donated or promotional good or service unrelated to a lottery drawing result. 
   The term “never-lose” is applied herein to lottery entries, tickets, and other apparatus and steps pertinent to operating a never-lose lottery game in accordance with the present invention. Such never-lose entries can be used in conjunction with conventional lottery games, which applicants then describe as comprising never-lose lottery games. 
   As will become apparent from a consideration of the detailed description below, the present invention has the advantage of enabling a player, using only a single purchased entry, to participate in that number of lottery drawings necessary to win a drawing-based prize. In prior art lottery drawings, a player seeking a drawing-based prize would often have to buy many tickets to achieve this goal. The invention thus greatly simplifies the ticket purchasing process. Further, in the preferred embodiment a player is fully capable of winning any of the available drawing-based prizes, including the jackpot or top prize, for each of the drawings in which the never-lose entry is active. 
   By way of background, the preferred embodiment of the present invention is operative in conjunction with a conventional state lottery program. In such programs, several of which are referenced above, a centralized lottery authority, for example a state or a state-licensed authority, processes lottery entries and payouts through many dedicated, remote lottery terminals. Such terminals are typically licensed to and operated by local retail stores. 
   Referring now to  FIGS. 1 and 2 , a sense mark form  20 , or “bet slip,” is shown whereby a never-lose ticket  22  can be purchased at a lottery terminal of the type described herein below. Form  20 , typically printed on paper and including fill-in regions intended to be blackened-in with pencil, includes a printed header region  20 A containing indicia identifying a particular state lottery game. A region  20 B includes printed game boards whereby player-selected numbers are blackened to identify a selected lottery ticket entry. A region  20 C includes printed blocks which can be blackened to select a set number of games for which the entry is active, while a region  20 D) provides the player a printed block which can be blackened to indicate a purchase of a never-lose lottery entry in accordance with the present invention. 
   Examining form  20  of  FIG. 1 , header  20 A is seen to include an identifier for a “NEVER LOSE lotto” entry in an “XYZ STATE” lottery drawing. Six boards in region  20 B each permit a player to select six numbers (in the illustrated embodiment) between one and forty-nine, thereby enabling a player to select up to six separate, six number entries. Region  20 C enables a player to identify the number of games to be played based on the number of boards which have been filled out in region  20 B. Region  20 D enables the player to select the never-lose option for the lottery numbers he is entering. 
   With specific reference to  FIG. 2 , ticket  22 , provided as a result of processing a completed bet slip, identifies a lottery entry as a $24.00 ( 22 A) never-lose entry ( 22 B). The player-selected lottery numbers are shown at  22 C to be “14-23-25-29-36-40.” A printed ticket identifier  22 D is generated by the lottery authority for tracking purposes described below, as is a date of purchase  22 E for the ticket. 
   Referring now to  FIG. 3A , a server  30  comprises one embodiment of a computer server operable by a lottery authority for generating, validating, processing and redeeming lottery entries in accordance with the present invention. Server  30  includes a processor  32  connected to a storage device  34 , to an interactive voice response unit (IVRU)  36 , and to a lottery network interface  38 . Storage device  34  includes four databases: a ticket database  40 , a never lose ticket database  42 , a winning ticket database  44 , and a dealer database  46 . Storage device  34  further includes the necessary software for operating server  30  in accordance with the processes described in detail herein. 
   Server  30  preferably comprises one of many conventional computer servers, for example an IBM RS6000®, programmed to operate in accordance with the present invention. Storage device  34  comprises an appropriate memory device, for example including an appropriate combination of semiconductor, magnetic and optical memory. IVRU  36  comprises one of many well-known commercial units, for example AT&amp;T&#39;s Conversant Voice Information System (VIS) operating on a hardware platform such as a MAP/100C system, while network interface  38  comprises standard network interface hardware and software. 
   With reference now to  FIG. 3B , a local lottery terminal  31 , of the type operated by a retail establishment as described above, is shown. 
   In contrast to server  30  described above, lottery terminal devices of the type such as lottery terminal  31  typically require less processing power, and are generally more “terminal-like” in construction. More specifically, lottery terminal  31  is seen to include a processor  33 , a lottery network interface  35 , and a storage device  37 . Processor  33  may comprise, for example, an Intel Pentium® compatible processor. Lottery network interface  35  comprises an appropriate network interface device, many of which are well known in the art. Storage device  37  comprises an appropriate memory device, for example including an appropriate combination of semiconductor, magnetic, and optical memory, and is seen to include an audit data database  39 . Audit data database stores local sales data, for example including quantities and dollar volumes of ticket sales. 
   Lottery terminal  31  is seen to further include an input/output (I/O) device(s)  41 , a lottery ticket reader  43 , a ticket printer  45 , and a sense mark form reader  47 . I/O device  41  includes appropriate means for communicating data between a human operator and terminal  31 , for example a video terminal and keyboard. Ticket printer  45  comprises a printer adapted to print lottery tickets, many of which are commercially available and well known in the art. Likewise, sense mark form reader  47  and lottery ticket reader  43  comprise commercially available units for reading data from completed sense mark forms and printed lottery tickets, respectively, many of which are well known in the art. 
   With reference to  FIG. 4 , ticket database  40  is seen to include five records  50 A-E, each record including six fields of data pertinent to a ticket representing a lottery entry: a  GAME TYPE  field  52 , a  TICKET IDENTIFIER  field  54 , a  NUMBERS SELECTED  field  56 , a  DATE OF PURCHASE  field  58 , a  NEXT DRAWING  field  60 , and a  DEALER IDENTIFIER  field  62 . Game type field  52  identifies the type of game which the ticket corresponds to. It should be noted that different games may be stored in different databases. For example, the Lotto 6-49 ticket information may be stored in one database, while the Daily Numbers game (e.g. a pick three game) may be stored in another database. For the purposes of this application, the database described in  FIG. 4  contains ticket information for a never-lose Lotto 6-49 game only. 
   Ticket identifier  54  represents a unique number generated by the lottery authority server  30  ( FIG. 3A ) to both validate and track an entry. The numbers selected by the player are stored in field  56 , while the date of purchase of the ticket is contained in field  58 . Next drawing field  60  identifies the next drawing by date for which the entry will be active, while dealer identifier field  62  represents an identifier for the operator of the lottery terminal from which the entry was received. 
   With reference now to  FIG. 5 , never lose ticket database  42  includes five records  66 A-E, each record including seven fields of data pertinent to a never-lose ticket representing an entry in a never-lose lottery. A  GAME TYPE  field  68 ,  TICKET IDENTIFIER  field  70 ,  DATE OF PURCHASE  field  72 ,  NEXT DRAWING  field  74 ,  DEALER IDENTIFIER  field  76 , and  NUMBERS SELECTED  field  80 , each include like information to like-named fields  52 ,  54 ,  58 ,  60 ,  62 ,  56  of ticket database  40 , respectively. A  STATUS  field  78  includes data indicating if a ticket is “active,” i e. to be considered in a future drawing, or “closed,” i.e. not to be considered in any future drawings. With reference now to  FIG. 6 , winning ticket database  44  includes four records  88 A-D, each record including six fields of data pertinent to the winning status of a lottery ticket. It should be noted that in this embodiment, the winning ticket database  44  stores both conventional and never-lose winning ticket information. In other embodiments, there is a separate winning ticket database for never-lose tickets only. A  GAME TYPE  field  90 ,  TICKET IDENTIFIER  field  96 , and  NUMBERS SELECTED  field  98 , each includes like information to like-named fields  52 ,  54 , and  56  of ticket database  40 , respectively. A  DRAWING DATE  field  92  and  NUMBERS DRAWN  field  94  include the drawing date and drawn numbers of the winning drawing, respectively. A PRIZE field  100  indicates the prize awarded to each winning entry, the value of the prize of course being dependent on a host of factors including the game type, the jackpot for a particular game, and the number of matches between the numbers drawn and the entry numbers. 
   Referring now to  FIG. 7 , dealer database  46  is shown including four records  102 A-D, each record including four fields. A  DEALER IDENTIFIER  field  104 , an  ADDRESS  field  106 , a  TELEPHONE NUMBER  field  108  and a  NAME  field  110  identify the operators of the various lottery terminals. Dealer identifier field  104  represents a unique index number assigned each dealer and/or each lottery terminal by the system, while the remaining fields are self-explanatory. 
   Process 
   Referring now to  FIG. 87  an overview process  120  is shown whereby a never-lose lottery ticket is purchased by a customer/player. To initiate the process, a player travels to a location operating a lottery terminal and obtains a sense mark form  20  of the type shown in  FIG. 1 . The player completes the bet slip, indicating the number of games to be played and the numbers selected for each game (step  122 ). In accordance with the invention, the player blackens the portion of the bet slip directed towards the never-lose option (step  124 ). 
   In an alternate embodiment, the player may request that the lottery authority randomly select numbers for his entry. Further, the never-lose lottery tickets may be purchased using a more specialized sense mark form, in lieu of the described form with the selectable option. The player would thus be presented with two lottery betting slips, one for obtaining conventional lottery tickets and one for obtaining never-lose tickets. Of course, embodiments negating the use of the bet slip are also apparent where, for example, the player enters his entry information directly into a user-operated lottery terminal or via the Internet. 
   Once the player has submitted his bet slip to the lottery terminal operator (step  126 ), the slip is entered into sense mark form reader  47  (step  128 ), and the data on the slip is communicated from terminal  31  to the central lottery authority server  30  shown in  FIG. 3 . Appropriate data is exchanged between the lottery terminal and the lottery server (step  130 ) whereby a ticket price is set, and the user entry is registered with and validated by the lottery server. Appropriate data is defined as at least the minimum amount of data required by the lottery authority to register and price a lottery entry or ticket. In the present embodiment, the appropriate data exchanged includes the number of games to be played, the numbers selected by the player corresponding to each game, the date of purchase of the ticket, and an indication that the entry is for a never-lose ticket. A lottery ticket of the type shown in  FIG. 2  is printed at lottery terminal ticket printer  45  (step  132 ), and the ticket is provided to the player in exchange for the ticket price (step  134 ). 
   Referring now to  FIGS. 9 ,  10 A, and  10 B a more detailed process is shown whereby lottery terminal  31  communicates with lottery server  30  to generate a valid, never-lose lottery ticket. Beginning with the process  140  of operation of the lottery terminal, the sense mark form is fed into and received by the reader (step  144 ), which reads the data encoded in the manner described above (step  146 ). In step  148 , the terminal  31  determines the number of games to be played as specified by the data read from the bet slip in step  146 . For each game to he played, terminal  31  determines the selected, or assigned (i.e. randomly selected by lottery authority server  30 ), lottery numbers. The ticket information is then transmitted over the lottery network for processing by lottery server  30  (step  154 ). 
   With reference now to  FIG. 10A , a process  160  is shown whereby server  30  ( FIG. 2 ) operates to process lottery entry data, calculate a price for a ticket(s), and transmit the price and validation data back to lottery terminal  31 . More specifically, server  30  receives a transmission from lottery terminal  31  (step  162 ) which, based on the format of the data in the transmission, is determined to be a request for registration of a lottery entry (step  164 ). 
   In accordance with the present invention, server  30  processes the data to determine if the entry is for a never-lose ticket (step  166 ) and, if so, continues to process the received data for appropriate entry into never-lose ticket database  42  ( FIG. 5 ) (step  168 ). More specifically, the incoming data is read to determine the number of games to be played, and the game type (step  170 ), and an appropriate record  66  is created in never-lose ticket database  42  for each game (step  172 ). A ticket identifier is generated for each game entry record  66  (step  174 ), and stored with that record in the database (step  176 ). 
   Referring to  FIG. 10B , the purchase date is read from the data received from lottery terminal  31 , and stored in the date of purchase field  72  in the appropriate record of never-lose ticket database  42  (step  178 ). A price is calculated for the particular game(s) entry(s) (step  180 ), the method of which is described herein below, and registration information is transmitted back to lottery terminal  31  (step  182 ). Registration information includes any relevant information corresponding to the information stored at the time of the ticket(s) purchase. In the present embodiment, the registration information includes the ticket identifier, the date of purchase, and the status of the ticket. 
   Referring back to  FIG. 9 , the data transmitted from the server  30  is received by lottery terminal  31  (step  156 ). The price of the lottery entry is collected by the operator of the lottery terminal, and to complete this portion of the operation of the lottery terminal, a lottery ticket  22  ( FIG. 2 ) is printed at printer  45  for providing to the player (step  159 ). 
   Referring now to  FIG. 11 , there is shown an exemplary process  200  for calculating the price of a never-lose lottery ticket. In the present embodiment, the formula used to calculate the price of such a ticket includes the following variables: 
   P=price of the never lose lottery ticket 
   M  32  markup added by the lottery authority 
   T=total number of possible unique outcomes 
   Prob X i =probability of a player achieving a certain outcome 
   Payout X i =the payout associated with a certain outcome 
   Prob Z=probability of a player not winning any prize 
   M is a percent markup included in the calculated ticket price so that the lottery derives a profit from the sale of never lose tickets. A markup factor of  1 . 5 , for example, indicates that an additional 50% has been included in the base cost calculated below. T is the total number of unique outcomes, with a unique outcome representing a different payout. Prob X i  is the probability value for each of the possible outcomes. For instance, if the probability of winning the top prize or jackpot is one in ten million, then the value of Prob X jackpot  is 0.0000001. Payout X i  is the respective amount of money awarded for each outcome. For example, the payout for matching 5 of 6 possible numbers may be $100,000. Prob Z represents the chance that the player receives no payout for that particular lottery draw. Since most tickets are losing tickets, this probability will generally be 80% or higher. An exemplary pricing equation implementing these variables is represented by the following mathematical equation: 
   
     
       
         
           
             [ 
             
               
                 ∑ 
                 
                   i 
                   = 
                   1 
                 
                 T 
               
               ⁢ 
               
                 ( 
                 
                   
                     ( 
                     
                       
                         ProbX 
                         i 
                       
                       
                         1 
                         - 
                         ProbZ 
                       
                     
                     ) 
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   
                     PayoutX 
                     i 
                   
                 
                 ) 
               
             
             ] 
           
           ⁢ 
           M 
         
       
     
   
   It should be noted that the above equation is but one method of calculating the price of the never-lose lottery ticket. Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that there are many other equations which would provide reasonable prices. 
   With reference now to  FIG. 11 , a process  200  for calculating the price for a never-lose lottery entry in accordance with the equation above is shown wherein server  30  determines the total number of possible outcomes (T) (step  202 ) and determines the probability (Prob X i ) of each outcome (step  204 ). Server  30  then subtracts the probability of no prize (Prob Z) from the integer 1 (step  206 ). 
   Continuing with the calculation of the price, server  30  divides Prob X i  by (1-Prob Z) for each of the outcomes (step  208 ), and multiples the result of the division operation of step  208  by Payout X i  for each of the outcomes (step  210 ). Server  30  adds the result from the multiplication operation of step  210 , for each of the (T) outcomes in step  202  (step  212 ), and rounds the result of the summation up or down to nearest whole number The resulting number when multiplied by the markup factor, constitutes the price of a never-lose lottery ticket for that particular lottery game structure (step  214 ). Those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that this calculation determines the expected value of the ticket with the addition of a mark-up factor, ignoring the time value of money. 
   The following is an illustrative example of the pricing process  200  for a never lose lottery ticket entry in a one million dollar top prize, 6-49 game. In this example, there are six possible outcomes. Each outcome has a corresponding payout or prize, with two matches or less resulting in a payout of zero. The “5 of 6+” outcome represents a player entry matching five of the six numbers correctly as well as a bonus number. For example, suppose the regular numbers drawn are 12, 15, 21, 32, 42, and 48 and the bonus number drawn is 44. If the player numbers match five out of the six possible drawn numbers correctly, 12, 15, 32, 42, and 48, and also match the drawn bonus number, 44, then the player wins the second prize. 
   
     
       
             
           
             
             
             
             
             
             
             
           
             
             
             
             
             
             
             
           
         
             
               EXAMPLE 1 
             
           
           
             
                 
             
             
               Lotto 6-49 
             
             
               Top Jackpot - $1,000,000 
             
           
        
         
             
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
               Payout (X i )* 
             
             
                 
                 
               Payout 
               Prob 
               Prob 
               1-Prob 
               [prob X i / 
             
             
               X i   
               Outcome 
               ($) 
               (X i ) 
               (Z) 
               (Z) 
               (1-prob Z)] 
             
             
                 
             
           
        
         
             
               X 1   
               6 OF 6 
               $1,000,000 
               0.0000001 
               0.981469 
               0.018531 
               $5.40 
             
             
               X 2   
               5 OF 6+ 
               $100,000 
               0.0000004 
               0.981469 
               0.018531 
               $2.16 
             
             
               X 3   
               5 OF 6 
               $1,000 
               0.0000180 
               0.981469 
               0.018531 
               $0.97 
             
             
               X 4   
               4 OF 6 
               $100 
               0.0009690 
               0.981469 
               0.018531 
               $5.23 
             
             
               X 5   
               3 OF 6 
               $2 
               0.0175440 
               0.981469 
               0.018531 
               $1.89 
             
             
               X 6   
               0-2 OF 6 
               $0 
               0.9814690 
               0.981469 
               0.018531 
               $0.00 
             
             
                 
               TOTAL: 
                 
               1.0000000 
                 
                 
               $15.65 
             
             
                 
             
           
        
       
     
   
   For the exemplary one million dollar top prize 6-49 game set out in example 1 of the table above, the price of the never-lose ticket (before markup) is calculated to be $15.65. This is the expected value of the ticket, representing the average return to the player given a large number of ticket purchases. The lottery would then use an appropriate markup (M) to build a profit margin into the ticket price. They could, for example, mark up all tickets by fifty percent so that the resulting price is $23.48 ($15.65×1.5). This price may then be rounded up to the nearest whole dollar amount. 
   It should be noted that different prize structures and probabilities may yield higher or lower prices for each never-lose lottery game structure. Thus, a 6/45 game with the same prize structure would have a different ticket price due to the different probability values associated with each possible outcome. 
   In Example 2 set out below, the top prize has been changed to ten million dollars, with the remaining parameters otherwise identical to Example 1 set out above. The resulting price is seen to be calculated at $64.22 (before markup) as illustrated below. 
   
     
       
             
           
             
             
             
             
             
             
             
           
             
             
             
             
             
             
             
           
         
             
               EXAMPLE 2 
             
           
           
             
                 
             
             
               Lotto 6-49 
             
             
               Top Jackpot - $10,000,000 
             
           
        
         
             
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
               Payout (X i )* 
             
             
                 
                 
               Payout 
               Prob 
               Prob 
               1-Prob 
               [prob X i / 
             
             
               X i   
               Outcome 
               ($) 
               (X i ) 
               (Z) 
               (Z) 
               (1-prob Z)] 
             
             
                 
             
           
        
         
             
               X 1   
               6 OF 6 
               $10,000,000 
               0.0000001 
               0.981469 
               0.018531 
               $53.96 
             
             
               X 2   
               5 OF 6+ 
               $100,000 
               0.0000004 
               0.981469 
               0.018531 
               $2.16 
             
             
               X 3   
               5 OF 6 
               $1,000 
               0.0000180 
               0.981469 
               0.018531 
               $0.97 
             
             
               X 4   
               4 OF 6 
               $100 
               0.0009690 
               0.981469 
               0.018531 
               $5.23 
             
             
               X 5   
               3 OF 6 
               $2 
               0.0175440 
               0.981469 
               0.018531 
               $1.89 
             
             
               X 6   
               0-2 OF 6 
               $0 
               0.9814690 
               0.981469 
               0.018531 
               $0.00 
             
             
                 
               TOTAL: 
                 
               1.0000000 
                 
                 
               $64.22 
             
             
                 
             
           
        
       
     
   
   Examples one and two above show typical fixed jackpot amounts. Most lottery jackpots, however, increase when the top payout is not won. The operating lottery authority may offer the never-lose option when the jackpot is at low amounts only, for the purpose of stimulating ticket sales. 
   It will be apparent from a consideration of the examples above that the price of a never-lose lottery ticket could substantially exceed the price of a conventional lottery ticket. Therefor, it may be desirable in some embodiments to decrease the up-front cost to the player, for example by spreading the cost of the ticket over a number of payments. In such an embodiment, the expected value of the ticket is calculated as described above, billing costs (if any) are added, and the total cost of the ticket is billed in periodic statements to the player. Such periodic billing may be applied to a credit card account, or may be implemented by automatic deductions from a savings or checking account identified by the player. 
   In an alternate billing arrangement, the player pays a conventional price for each drawing for which the never-lose ticket is entered. The fees and entry terminate upon a winning drawing. The price may be billed as described above to a credit card or other periodic payment mechanism. The valid status of the never-lose ticket may be cancelled if the payment mechanism is disabled or becomes invalid; i.e. if a payment account is terminated by the player. Theoretically, the calculated price of this alternate billing arrangement is the same as the calculated prices described in the examples above. 
   In an alternate method of calculating a price, the lottery authority could determine an average top prize for a given time period (e.g. one year), and calculate a single, uniform price for a never-lose ticket based on that average top prize. The uniform price would then be used for all ticket sales in lieu of an individually calculated price for each ticket. As an example, if the lottery authority determined that the top jackpot averaged five million dollars over the past year, then the price for all never-lose lottery tickets would be calculated once, in the manner described above, using five million dollars as the top prize. 
   Yet another method for operating a never-lose lottery having fixed price tickets is to offer a fixed top jackpot. Players purchasing never-lose tickets would thus only be eligible to win this predetermined amount if they win the top prize. The jackpot for never-lose players would remain constant from drawing to drawing, regardless of whether the top prize were paid out. All never-lose entries would remain active until each won a drawing-based prize, but the top prize or jackpot would remain a fixed amount and not increase over time. 
   In embodiments where the top prize for never-lose ticket holders is different from that of conventional ticket holders, the lottery operator could offer an insurance upsell where the difference between the Jackpot amount and the top prize amount available to the ticket holder is paid should the ticket holder match the maximum number of selections correctly. 
   It is noted that top payouts are often split among multiple lottery winners. This shared top payout fixes the cost of jackpot payouts by the lottery authorities because they pay the same amount of money regardless of the number of winners. While not described in any of the examples above, this element of the lottery prize structure would be considered when determining a fair and accurate price for each never-lose ticket. 
   While the above pricing equation incorporates a fixed percentage markup for the lottery, there are many other ways in which a markup may be calculated. For example, the lottery could calculate the average number of entries to be sold before a prize is won. This average number of entries is then multiplied by the margin associated with individual lottery ticket sales. For example, most lotteries today operate with a 100% markup on each ticket sold, that is prizes returned typically average half of the purchase price. A lottery offering a never-lose ticket might calculate that it takes ten entries on average to win a prize. To determine the appropriate markup on the never-lose ticket, the lottery authority would multiply a $0.50 markup on a one dollar ticket by ten, and markup the never lose ticket by $5.00. 
   In yet another embodiment, the lottery assigns a number that equates to less than the average margin on normal ticket sales due to the increased volume as a result of the never-lose option. 
   It will be understood that numerous other methods for pricing never-lose lottery tickets will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art. 
   With reference now to  FIGS. 12A , B, there is described a method  220  for searching never-lose ticket database  42  ( FIG. 5 ) to identify winning tickets, and to store the records associated with those tickets in winning ticket database  44  ( FIG. 6 ). 
   More specifically, the winning numbers are received by server  30  (step  222 ) following a lottery drawing. Such a drawing may be accomplished in one of many known ways, typically including the use of a random number generator which may be electrical or mechanical in form. Such random number generators are known to include, for example, hand drawings of numbers, mechanical operations to identify numbers, and electrical random number generators. The winning numbers may also be generated by an electronic random number generator operated in or by server  30 . 
   It will be understood that the quantity of winning numbers will be a function of the type of game being played. Some games may require the drawing of multiple numbers to identify corresponding multiple classes of winners. In the 6/49 game described herein, a player selects six numbers, each ranging from one to forty-nine. A drawing is conducted twice a week, each drawing identifying six winning numbers in the same one to forty-nine range Other variations exist where the quantity of numbers selected by the player is less than or more than six, and the pool of numbers from which they are chosen is greater than or less than forty-nine. 
   Once the winning numbers have been entered into server  30 , ticket database  40  is searched to determine if there are any winning entries. Never-lose ticket database  42  is then read to determine if there are any winning never-lose entries. This reading is accomplished by first accessing the database (step  224 ) and then comparing the NUMBERS SELECTED field  80  to the winning numbers (step  226 ), whereby any winning entries are identified (step  228 ). If no winning entries are identified, access to the never-lose ticket database is terminated (step  230 ). 
   If a winning entry (i.e. an entry having three or more matches with the drawn numbers) is identified in never-lose ticket database  42 , the data in status field  78  of the record  66  identifying the winning entry is changed to “closed” (step  232 ). The winning record  66  data is extracted from never-lose ticket database  42  (step  234 ) and, after appropriately accessing winning ticket database  44  (step  236 ), a new record  88  is created in the latter database (step  238 ). The winning entry data is stored in the newly created winning ticket database  44  record (step  240 ) to complete the processing of the winning entry. It will be appreciated that, while a preferred embodiment has been shown and described for processing never-lose entries to identify winning entries, many other embodiments having functionally similar results will be apparent to those skilled in the art. 
   With reference now to  FIGS. 13A , B, in accordance with the present invention a process  250  is shown whereby a holder of a never-lose lottery ticket may obtain the status of that ticket via telephone. 
   Describing now  FIG. 13A , a player initiates a telephone call to a lottery ‘hotline,’ (step  252 ), that is a telephone number established by the lottery authority whereby a player can check the status of a never-lose lottery ticket. Interactive voice response unit (IVRU)  36  receives the incoming telephone call, and recites a verbal instruction for the caller to enter a ticket identifier (step  254 ). The use of IVRUs, and the scripts to operate and control same, are well known to those skilled in the art. Similarly, the description presented herein of handling an incoming call will be understood by those skilled in the art. Various components associated with call processing and handling, such as private branch exchanges (PBX), automatic call distributors (ACD), data buses, and switches, may be included and will be understood by those skilled in the art. Such methods and components for call handling are well known in the art and need not be described herein. 
   Upon entry by the caller of the digits representing the lottery ticket identifier (step  256 ), the IVRU captures same (step  258 ) and transmits the ticket identifier to server  30  (step  260 ). Server  30  accesses never-lose ticket database  42  (step  262 ) and queries the data in field  70  of same (step  264 ) to identify any matching record  66  (step  266 ). If no matching record exists, an appropriate message is recited to the caller through the IVRU, and entry of another ticket number may be requested. If a matching record  66  is found, the data in status field  78  is read (step  268 ) to determine the status of the entry (step  270 ). If the status is read as “active,” the server  30  directs the IVRU (step  280 ) to recite a message (step  282 ) indicating that the ticket is still active. 
   If the status check done with respect to step  270  indicates that the status is “closed,” then winning ticket database  44  is accessed (step  272 ) and field  96  is read (step  274 ) to identify the matching record (step  276 ), i.e. the record containing data identifying the winning ticket. Appropriate information, including the winning numbers, the drawing date, and the prize information are read (step  278 ) and transmitted to the IVRU (step  280 ) for reciting to the caller/player (step  282 ). 
   Referring now to  FIG. 14 , a process  290  comprises an overview of a method whereby a player may collect a prize for a winning never-lose lottery ticket from a lottery terminal operator, a process commonly referred to as redeeming a winning lottery ticket. In accordance with the process, the player presents the winning lottery ticket-for payment by a lottery terminal operator, or any other lottery dealer authorized by the lottery authority to cash in winning tickets (step  292 ). It will be understood that the value of the prize may determine the location and/or the dealer at which the prize can be redeemed. 
   On receipt of the winning lottery ticket, the operator enters the ticket into ticket reader  43  attached to lottery terminal  31  (step  294 ). Appropriate data, for example, the ticket identifier, is transmitted to remote lottery server  30  (step  296 ). The lottery server transmits back the payout amount (step  297 ), which the lottery terminal uses to print a payment receipt (step  298 ). The lottery terminal operator then pays the winning amount to the player (step  300 ). Details of the process practiced by the lottery terminal are shown in  FIG. 15 , while details of the operation of server  30  are shown in  FIGS. 16A , B, each of which is described herein below. 
   With reference now to  FIG. 15 , a process  304  is shown whereby lottery terminal  31  processes a winning, never-lose lottery ticket. In accordance with process  304 , an apparently winning, never-lose lottery ticket is placed into ticket reader  43  of the terminal (step  306 ), from which lottery ticket information is retrieved (step  308 ). Input is provided to the terminal by an operator through I/O device  41  that the ticket is to be verified as a winning ticket (step  310 ). Subsequently, the ticket information including the ticket number is transmitted to lottery server  30  for verification as a winning ticket (step  312 ). 
   Referring now to  FIGS. 16A  and B, a process  320  is shown whereby server  30  operates to verify the winning status of a ticket. More specifically, server  30  receives the data transmission from the lottery terminal (step  322 ), reads the received ticket identifier (step  324 ), and searches never-lose ticket database  42  (step  326 ) to find the record  66  containing data in field  70  that matches the received ticket identifier (steps  328 ,  330 ). The data in status field  78  is read (step  332 ) to verify that it is “closed,” indicating a winning ticket. If the status indicates the never-lose ticket is “active” (step  334 ), the record is shut (step  344 ) and the ticket owner is informed that the ticket is still active, i.e. has not yet won a prize. 
   If the status in field  78  indicates the expected status of “closed,” winning ticket database  44  is accessed (step  336 ) and the contents of field  96  queried (step  338 ) to identify the record  88  having the matching ticket identifier (step  340 ). The prize amount, drawing information (i.e. drawing date and game type) and ticket identifier are read from the identified winning ticket record, and transmitted back to the lottery terminal (step  342 ). The winning record is subsequently shut (step  344 ) and access to the winning ticket database is terminated. 
   Referring back again to  FIG. 15 , the response from lottery server  30  is received by the lottery terminal (step  314 ) and examined to determine if the ticket is a valid winning ticket (step  316 ). If the ticket is not a winning ticket, the owner is appropriately notified and this lottery terminal process terminates. If the information received from the lottery server indicates the ticket is valid and winning, then data including the ticket number, drawing date, and prize value is output to the printer (step  318 ) for printing on a receipt (step  320 ). 
   There has thus been described a new and improved apparatus and process for operating a lottery to generate, price, sell, process and redeem never-lose lottery tickets. The invention provides significant advantages in the field of lotteries, including simplifying the purchase process while increasing the desirability of the tickets to the players. The invention has particular applicability in the field of state-run lotteries having authorized, distributed lottery dealers operating lottery terminals in communication with a centralized server operated by a lottery authority. 
   While the present invention has been described with respect to specific embodiments, it is not thus limited. Numerous modifications, improvements, and changes will be apparent to those skilled in the art and which fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.