Abstract:
Provided is a distributional alert system using a ubiquitous sensor network (USN). When a disaster occurs, the distributional alert system detects it in a sensor node, informs the area where the disaster occurs of danger through an actuator, such as siren, or informs a management system of the danger through a wired/wireless network. The distributional alert system includes: a first sensor node for generating sense data by sensing surroundings with a sensor therein, determining whether a disaster occurs by analyzing the sense data, and creating and transmitting emergency data based on the determination result, while forming a sensor network; and an alerting node for receiving emergency data from the first sensor node on the sensor network, and outputting disaster circumstantial information to a sensor field of the sensor network upon receipt of the emergency data.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION  
       [0001]     The present invention relates to a distributional alert system using a ubiquitous sensor network (USN); and, more particularly, to an alert system which informs a disastrous area of a danger through an actuator such as siren by sensing disastrous circumstances such as fire, flood and earthquake in sensor nodes of a ubiquitous sensor network or reports the danger to an administrator through a wired/wireless network.  
       DESCRIPTION OF RELATED ART  
       [0002]     A ubiquitous sensor network (USN) is a wireless network formed of sensor nodes equipped with a sensor for sensing the identification of an object and information on surroundings. The ubiquitous sensor network processes and manages data inputted from the sensors in real-time in connection with another system. Ultimately, the ubiquitous sensor network aims to realization of an environment where all objects can be communicated anytime anywhere regardless of the kind of a network, the kind of a device and/or the kind of a service by giving computing and communication functions to all objects.  
         [0003]      FIG. 1  shows a general ubiquitous sensor network. The ubiquitous sensor network includes sensor nodes  10 , sensor fields  20  each of which is a set of sensor nodes  10 , sync nodes  30  for receiving data collected in the sensor fields  20 , and a gateway  40 . Each sensor node is provided with a sensor for sensing identification information of an object or surroundings information in real-time and a communication module. The gateway  40  routes the data transmitted from the sync nodes  30  and transmits the data to a management server  50  through a wideband communication network. The sync nodes  30  may be connected to the gateway  40  through a conventional infrastructure, such as a satellite communication, wireless Local Area Network (LAN), Bluetooth, and wired Internet.  
         [0004]     The ubiquitous sensor network may be used to sense occurrence of a disaster and cope with the disaster, when disaster such as fire, flood and earthquake occurs. However, since data are concentrically processed in the management server in the conventional ubiquitous sensor network, there is a problem that the reliability, immediacy, and efficiency in processing and managing data related to disaster are low.  
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
       [0005]     It is, therefore, an object of the present invention to provide a distributional alert system which informs a disastrous area of a danger through an actuator such as siren by sensing disastrous circumstances such as fire, flood and earthquake in sensor nodes of a ubiquitous sensor network (USN) or reports the danger to an administration system through a wired/wireless network.  
         [0006]     It is another object of the present invention to provide a distributional alert system which makes a decision on dangerous factor sensing information not in a central management system but directly in a sensor node that forms a ubiquitous sensor network, when the sensor node detects dangerous factors.  
         [0007]     Other objects and advantages of the present invention will be understood by the following description and become apparent by the description of embodiments. Also, those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains easily understand that the objects and advantages of the present invention can be realized by the means as claimed and combinations thereof.  
         [0008]     In accordance with an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a distributional alert system using a ubiquitous sensor network, which includes: a first sensor node for generating sense data by sensing surroundings with a sensor therein, determining whether a disaster occurs by analyzing the sense data, and creating and transmitting emergency data based on the determination result, while forming a sensor network; and an alerting node for receiving emergency data from the first sensor node on the sensor network, and outputting disaster circumstantial information to a sensor field of the sensor network upon receipt of the emergency data.  
         [0009]     In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a distributional alert system using a ubiquitous sensor network, which includes: a plurality of sensor nodes for sensing surroundings with a sensor therein, creating and transmitting sense data, and forming a sensor network; and an alerting node for receiving the sense data from the sensor nodes, determining whether a disaster occurs by analyzing and processing the received sense data, and when a disaster occurs, outputting disaster circumstantial information.  
         [0010]     In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a distributional alert system using a ubiquitous sensor network, which includes: a first sensor node for generating and transmitting sense data by sensing surroundings with a sensor therein; and a second sensor node for forming a sensor network together with the first sensor node, receiving the sense data, determining whether a disaster occurs by analyzing the sense data, and creating and transmitting emergency data; and an alerting node for receiving the emergency data, and outputting disaster circumstantial information to a sensor field of the sensor network upon receipt of the emergency data. 
     
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0011]     The above and other objects and features of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of the preferred embodiments given in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:  
         [0012]      FIG. 1  is a view showing a general ubiquitous sensor network (USN);  
         [0013]      FIG. 2  is a view illustrating a distributional alert system using a ubiquitous sensor network in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0014]      FIG. 3  is a block view showing a general sensor node (GSN) in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0015]      FIG. 4  is a block view showing a sensor and data processing node (SP) in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0016]      FIG. 5  is a block view showing an actuator node (AN) in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0017]      FIG. 6  is a block view showing a gateway node (GN) in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; and  
         [0018]      FIG. 7  is a flowchart describing a data processing in the general sensor node and the sensor and data processing node in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
       [0019]     Following description exemplifies only the principles of the present invention. Even if they are not described or illustrated clearly in the present specification, one of ordinary skill in the art can embody the principles of the present invention and invent various apparatuses within the concept and scope of the present invention.  
         [0020]     The use of the conditional terms and embodiments presented in the present specification is intended only to make the concept of the present invention understood, and they are not limited to the embodiments and conditions mentioned in the specification.  
         [0021]     In addition, all the detailed description on the principles, viewpoints and embodiments and particular embodiments of the present invention should be understood to include structural and functional equivalents to them. The equivalents include not only currently known equivalents but also those to be developed in future, that is, all devices invented to perform the same function, regardless of their structures.  
         [0022]     Functions of various devices illustrated in the drawings including a functional block expressed as a processor or a similar concept can be provided not only by using hardware dedicated to the functions, but also by using hardware capable of running proper software for the functions. When a function is provided by a processor, the function may be provided by a single dedicated processor, single shared processor, or a plurality of individual processors, part of which can be shared.  
         [0023]     The apparent use of a term, ‘processor’, ‘control’ or similar concept, should not be understood to exclusively refer to a piece of hardware capable of running software, but should be understood to include a digital signal processor (DSP), hardware, and ROM, RAM and non-volatile memory for storing software, implicatively. Other known and commonly used hardware may be included therein, too.  
         [0024]     Other objects and aspects of the invention will become apparent from the following description of the embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, which is set forth hereinafter. When it is considered that detailed description on a related art may obscure the points of the present invention, the description will not be provided herein. Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawing.  
         [0025]      FIG. 2  is a view illustrating a distributional alert system using a ubiquitous sensor network in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0026]     Referring to  FIG. 2 , the distributional alert system using a ubiquitous sensor network includes wired/wireless network nodes  120 ,  130 ,  140  and  150  distributed in a sensor field  110 .  
         [0027]     A sensor field  110  is a region where the sensor nodes  120  and  130  are distributionally set up to thereby form a sensor network in a dangerous area where diverse kinds of disasters may occur. Examples of the dangerous area include a flood dangerous area, a bank destruction dangerous area, a landslide dangerous area, and a construction site. The network nodes  120 ,  130 ,  140  and  150  set up in the sensor field  110  communicate with each other wirelessly.  
         [0028]     The network nodes set up in the sensor field  110  include the sensor nodes  120  and  130 , an actuator node (AN)  140 , and a gateway node (GN)  205 . The sensor nodes are classified into general sensor nodes (GSN)  120  and sensor and data processing nodes (SP)  130 .  
         [0029]     The general sensor nodes  120  sense factors that fit to the utility purpose of the sensor field  110 , such as temperature, flux, atmosphere, magnetism and vibration, and transmit significant sense data that go over a predetermined threshold value among sense data to adjacent network nodes.  
         [0030]     The sensor and data processing node  130  not only performs the sensing function but also determines whether a disaster occurs by analyzing the sense data transmitted from the adjacent general sensor nodes. When it is determined that the current situation is disastrous and emergency, the sensor and data processing node  130  creates and transmits disaster occurrence information. To be specific, the sensor and data processing node  130  determines whether the sense data it has sensed or received exceed a predetermined threshold. When the sense data exceed the predetermined threshold, it creases emergency data including disaster circumstantial information and transmits the emergency data to an actuator node  140  and a gateway node  150 .  
         [0031]     The actuator node  140  receives the disaster occurrence information from the sensor and data processing node  130  and announces the occurrence of a disaster through an altering apparatus, such as siren.  
         [0032]     The gateway node  150  is connected to an external wired/wireless communication network and transmits/receives the sense data and the disaster occurrence information to/from the external wired/wireless communication network.  
         [0033]      FIG. 3  is a block view showing a general sensor node  120  in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0034]     As illustrated in  FIG. 3 , the general sensor node  120  includes a communication module  121 , a routing module  122 , a sensor module  123 , a micro control unit (MCU) module  124 , and a power management module  125 . The general sensor node  120  collects data through sensors and transmits significant data among the collected sense data to its adjacent general sensor nodes  120  or the sensor and data processing node  130 .  
         [0035]     The communication module  121  wirelessly communicates with adjacent network nodes and it includes a radio frequency (RF) processor, a modem, and a media access controller (MAC). The routing module  122  searches locations of other adjacent network nodes and sets up a communication route. The sensor module  123  includes a sensor suitable for circumstances of a dangerous area and a sensor controller for converting the physical dimensions measured in the sensor into digital signals and controlling the sensor. The power management module  125  provides and controls a power source. The MCU module  124  generally controls the above constituent elements and it includes a memory for storing and managing diverse data.  
         [0036]      FIG. 4  is a block view showing a sensor and data processing node  130  in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0037]     As illustrated in  FIG. 4 , the sensor and data processing node  130  includes a communication module  131 , a routing module  132 , a sensor module  133 , an MCU module  134 , a data processing module  135 , and a power management module  136 . The communication module  131  includes an RF processor, a modem, and a MAC to wirelessly communicate with adjacent network nodes. The routing module  132  searches locations of the adjacent network nodes and sets up a communication route. The sensor module  133  includes a sensor suitable for circumstances of a disastrous area and a sensor controller for converting physical dimensions measured in the sensor into digital signals and controls the sensor. The power management module  136  provides and controls a power source.  
         [0038]     The data processing module  135  determines whether a disaster occurs or not by processing sense data or data transmitted from an adjacent general sensor node. The MCU module  134  generally controls the above constituent elements.  
         [0039]     The sensor and data processing node  130  analyzes and processes sense data it has collected from its own sensor or sense data it has received from an adjacent general sensor node, and when a disaster occurs, it creates emergency data and transmits the emergency data to adjacent actuator nodes  140  or gateway nodes  150 .  
         [0040]      FIG. 5  is a block view showing an actuator node  140  in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in  FIG. 5 , the actuator node  140  includes a communication module  141 , a data processing module  142 , an alert controlling module  143 , a power management module  144 , and an MCU module  146 . The communication module  141  includes an RF processor, a modem, and a MAC to wirelessly communicate with adjacent network nodes. The data processing module  142  finally determines whether to announce alert or not by processing received emergency data and outputs an alert signal. The alert controlling module  143  receives the alert signal and actuates and controls an alerting apparatus  147  such as siren. The power management module  144  provides and controls a power source. The MCU module  146  generally controls the above constituent elements. The alerting apparatus  147  may included in the actuator node  140  or it may be provided additionally in the outside.  
         [0041]     The actuator node basically analyzes and processes the received emergency data and finally informs the dangerous area of a danger. If necessary, the data processing module  142  of the actuator node  140  can directly determine whether a disaster occurs by analyzing and processing the received sense data for itself and output an alert signal.  
         [0042]      FIG. 6  is a block view showing a gateway node  150  in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. As illustrated in  FIG. 6 , the gateway node  150  includes a ubiquitous sensor network communication module  151 , an external communication module  152 , an inter-networking module  153 , a power management module  154 , a data processing module  155 , and an MCU module  157 . The USN communication module  151  includes an RF processor, a modem, and a MAC to wirelessly communicate with adjacent network nodes on a sensor network, that is, within a sensor field  110 . The external communication module  152  is composed of diverse communication modules, such as Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Global System for Mobile communication (GSM), Wideband Local Area Network (WLAN), a modem, and Ethernet, and basic service modules for Short Message Service (SMS) and Multimedia Messaging System (MMS). The inter-networking module  153  links the USN communication module  151  with the external communication module  152 . The power management module  154  provides and controls a power source. The data processing module  155  processes data transmitted from the general sensor node  120  or the sensor and data processing node  130 . The MCU module  157  generally controls the above constituent elements.  
         [0043]     The gateway node  150  informs an external management server, an administrator, or a user of disaster circumstantial information transmitted from the sensor field  110  set up in a disastrous area through diverse application networks.  
         [0044]      FIG. 7  is a flowchart describing data processing in the general sensor node  120  and the sensor and data processing node  130  in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. It presents an algorithm for processing received data and detecting a danger in the general sensor node  120  or the sensor and data processing node  130 , i.e., a sensor node.  
         [0045]     At step S 710 , a sensor node, i.e., a general sensor node  120  or a sensor and data processing node  130 , receives data and, at step S 720 , the sensor node determines whether the received data are emergency data.  
         [0046]     When the received data are emergency data, at step S 721 , the sensor node urgently transmits the emergency data to actuator nodes and/or gateway nodes directly or through an adjacent general sensor node  120  or an adjacent sensor and data processing node  130 .  
         [0047]     When the received data are not emergency data, at step S 730 , the type of the sensor node which has received the emergency data is determined to decide the subsequent data processing procedure.  
         [0048]     When the type of the sensor node is a general sensor node  120 , at step S 731 , the sensor node transmits the received data to an adjacent general sensor node  120  or an adjacent sensor and data processing node  130 .  
         [0049]     Meanwhile, when the type of the sensor node is a sensor and data processing node  130 , at step S 732 , the sensor node processes the data to calculate the amount of accumulation and the frequency number of occurrence based on the characteristics of the sensor and an application field and, at step S 740 , the sensor node determines whether the current circumstances are emergency or not based on the data processing result. In short, the sensor node compares the accumulation amount and the occurrence frequency number of the sense data it has received for a predetermined period and the sense data it has sensed, created and transmitted with a predetermined threshold corresponding to the kind of sense data, and determines that the current circumstances are emergency when the accumulation amount and the occurrence frequency number exceed the threshold.  
         [0050]     When the sensor node does not determine that the current circumstances are emergency, at step S 741 , the sensor node transmits the received data to the adjacent general sensor node  120  or a sensor and data processing node  130 . When it determines that the current circumstances are emergency, at step S 742 , it creases emergency data packets including disaster occurrence information and, at step S 743 , it urgently transmits the emergency data packets to the actuator node  140  and/or the gateway node  150 .  
         [0051]     The above procedure may be described in general as follows.  
         [0052]     Among the received data, emergency data which notify that the circumstances are serious and emergency are transmitted to the actuator node  140  and/or the gateway node  150  through the adjacent general sensor node  120  or sensor and data processing node  130 .  
         [0053]     In case where the received data are not emergency data, it is determined whether the sensor node is a general sensor node  120  or a sensor and data processing node  130 . When the sensor node is a general sensor node  120 , the sensor node transmits the received data to an adjacent general sensor node  120  or an adjacent sensor and data processing node  130 . When the sensor node is a sensor and data processing node  130 , the sensor node processes the received data based on the accumulation amount, the occurrence frequency number, and other processing algorithms according to the application field and sensor characteristics, and determines whether a disaster occurs or not. When the circumstances are disastrous, the sensor node creates emergency data, which is a message for informing the occurrence of disaster, and transmits the emergency data to the actuator node  140  and/or the gateway node  150  directly or through an adjacent general sensor node  120  or an adjacent sensor and data processing node  130 . When the circumstances are not disastrous, the sensor node abandons the received data or creates data packet and transmits the data packet to an adjacent general sensor node  120  and/or an adjacent sensor and data processing node  130 . The data transmitted from the sensor node are significant data, that is, data whose sense value exceeds a predetermined threshold that corresponds to the kind of the sense data.  
         [0054]     The method of the present invention can quickly determine a dangerous factor in individual nodes set up in a dangerous area can, compared to a method of determining a dangerous factor in a central server, when a disaster such as fire, flood and earthquake has occurred. The quick sense of danger alerts the surroundings rapidly and, if necessary, the danger alert can be delivered to an administrator or a related system. Since a danger factor is determined not in a system but in a plurality of devices, the reliability and immediacy of disaster circumstantial information can be improved.  
         [0055]     The present application contains subject matter related to Korean patent application Nos. 2005-107045 and 2006-61223, filed with the Korean Intellectual Property Office on Nov. 9, 2005, and Jun. 30, 2006, the entire contents of which is incorporated herein by reference.  
         [0056]     While the present invention has been described with respect to certain preferred embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the following claims.