Abstract:
An exposure system includes a chamber and first and second temperature control units. The chamber contains a body of an exposure apparatus which forms a pattern on a substrate. The firs temperature control unit is mounted separate from the body of the exposure apparatus, and controls a temperature of a fluid taken through the body of the exposure apparatus. The second temperature control units is arranged between the body of the exposure apparatus and the first temperature control unit, and controls the temperature of the fluid taken through the first temperature control unit. The second temperature control unit also supplies the fluid to the body of the exposure apparatus. The ability of the second temperature control unit is designed differently from the ability of the first temperature control unit in terms of a magnitude of a temperature range within which the temperature of the fluid changes.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     This is a Continuation of Application Ser. No. 09/512,102 filed Feb. 24, 2000, which in turn is a Continuation of International Application No. PCT/JP98/03744 filed Aug. 24, 1998. The entire disciosure of the prior application(s) is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The present invention relates to a method for controlling the temperature in the chamber of an exposure apparatus used in a photolithography process for producing a semiconductor element, an imaging element (CCD, etc.), a liquid crystal display element, a thin film magnetic head, etc., and to an exposure apparatus operated in the method. 
     2. Description of the Related Art 
     When a semiconductor element, etc. is produced, an exposure apparatus which transfers a pattern of a reticle as a mask to each shot area on the wafer to which resist is applied as a photosensitive substrate directly or through a projective optical system. Conventionally, an exposure apparatus (stepper) of a contraction projection type in a step-and-repeat system has been widely used as an exposure apparatus. However, a projective exposure apparatus in a step-and-scan system for synchronously scanning the reticle and the wafer for the projective optical system for exposure has recently arrested attention. 
     FIG. 1 shows the general configuration of a conventional exposure apparatus. 
     In FIG. 1, for example, a semiconductor element can be formed by overlapping for exposure a multiple-layer circuit pattern on a wafer  6  in a predetermined arrangement. Therefore, in the process of exposing the wafer  6 , it is very important to improve the precision in alignment between the pattern image to be exposed and the existing pattern on the wafer  6 , and the precision in controlling a focus position. Therefore, the exposure apparatus has an isolation room called a ‘chamber’ which is controlled such that the temperature in the exposure apparatus can indicate a constant value, and contains the body of an exposure device including precision parts such as a projective optical system  5 , a stage, etc. The body of the exposure device includes a lighting optical system  2 , a reticle stage  4  for holding and aligning a reticle  3 , the projective optical system  5 , and a wafer holder  7  for holding the wafer  6 , and a wafer stage  8  for aligning the wafer  6  (the wafer holder  7 ). The wafer stage  8  is mounted on the floor of the chamber  1  through a frame material  9 . The chamber  1  is mounted on a floor F 1  in a semiconductor factory. 
     To keep a constant temperature in the chamber  1 , a fluid supply device  11  is provided in the chamber  1 . The fluid supply device  11  is equipped with a cooler  13  and a heater  14 , introduces the air outside or inside the chamber  1 , controls the temperature at a constant value by the effect of the cooler  13  and the heater  14 , and supplies the air into the chamber  1 . The cooler  13  compresses and liquidizes a coolant by a compressor, etc., cools the air with evaporation heat, and has a power source such as a motor, etc. for operating the compressor. Each of the parts such as a stage provided in the chamber  1  is considerably heavy, and requires a high-speed operation, thereby largely heating each of them. Accordingly, the fluid supply device  11  of the chamber  1  is requested to maintain a strong cooling ability, thereby requiring a large compressor of the cooler  13 . 
     In addition, to prevent fine dust harmful in transferring a circuit pattern from being lead into the chamber  1 , the temperature-controlled air is to be supplied to the chamber  1  through a dust filter  21  such as a HEPA filter (high efficiency particulate air-filter). Therefore, the compressor formed by a pressure fan  12  for a blow and a motor is required to output pressure strong enough to pass the air blow through the dust filter  21 . As a result, a large pressure fan  12  and a large motor are used. 
     FIG. 2 shows the general configuration of another conventional exposure apparatus. 
     The exposure apparatus shown in FIG. 2 is different from the exposure apparatus shown in FIG. 1 in that the fluid supply device  11  is not mounted in the chamber  1 , but on the external wall of the fluid supply device  11 . Otherwise, they have the same configuration. That is, each of them includes the lighting optical system  2 , the reticle stage  4  for holding and aligning the reticle  3 , the projective optical system  5 , the wafer holder  7  holding the wafer  6 , the wafer stage  8 , the frame material  9 , etc. in a constant temperature room  100 . In addition, the exposure apparatus shown in FIG. 2 is the same as that shown in FIG. 2 in that the fluid supply device  11  has the pressure fan  12 , the cooler  13 , and the heater  14 , and blows into the constant temperature room  100  by passing the temperature-controlled air through the dust filter  21  to control the temperature in the chamber  1 . The chamber  1  provided with the fluid supply device  11  is mounted on the floor F 1  in the semiconductor factory. 
     Furthermore, a device has been developed not only to maintain a constant temperature in the chamber  1 , but also to supply a fluid at a constant temperature to a specific local area (a coil portion of a linear motor, etc.) of an exposure apparatus so that the portion can be more effectively temperature-controlled. 
     As described above, the conventional exposure apparatus includes the fluid supply device  11  in the chamber  1  or on the external wall of the chamber  1 . As a result, the vibration generated during the operation of the fluid supply device  11  unfavorably lowers the precision in alignment, etc. of the exposure apparatus. 
     That is, the vibrations generated by the compressor of the cooler  13  forming part of the fluid supply device  11 , and the pressure fan  12  and the motor of the compressor vibrate the wafer stage  8  of the wafer  6 , thereby deteriorating the alignment precision of the wafer  6 , and also the overlapping precision, or vibrate the projective optical system  5  to lower the contrast of the transferred image. 
     In the conventional exposure apparatus, since the vibration of the fluid supply device for a chamber  1  during the operation has a minor influence with the requested precision taken into consideration, thereby generating a serious problem. However, with an increasing number of smaller semiconductor integrated circuits, etc., the influence of the vibration cannot be ignored because the alignment precision, etc. requested to the exposure apparatus becomes more strict. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention has been developed based on the above described background, and aims at the first object of providing a method of controlling the temperature in a chamber of an exposure apparatus having the body of an exposure device, and a method of controlling the temperature to reduce an unfavorable influence from the vibration caused by the temperature control. Furthermore, the present invention aims at the second object of providing an exposure apparatus capable of using the above described temperature control method. 
     In the temperature control method according to the present invention is used with a chamber ( 1 ) containing the body of an exposure device for transferring a mask pattern to the substrate, a fluid (a gas, a liquid) supplied to the chamber ( 1 ) from a fluid supply device ( 11 ,  11 A,  11 B) provided independent of the chamber ( 1 ) is output, supplied from the fluid supply device ( 11 ,  11 A,  11 B), and is temperature-controlled before supplied into the chamber ( 1 ). 
     With the present invention, the temperature in the chamber can be controlled by controlling the temperature of a fluid supplied to the chamber. Thus, the temperature adjustment equipment, which has been in a chamber as a vibration source, can be mounted outside the chamber, thereby removing the vibration source from the chamber. In addition, since the vibration during the temperature-control of the fluid is hardly transmitted into the chamber, an unfavorable influence such as the deterioration in the alignment precision in the body of the exposure device causing the vibration can be reduced. 
     Furthermore, in the exposure apparatus according to the present invention, the body of an exposure device for transferring a mask pattern to the substrate is provided in the chamber ( 1 ). The exposure apparatus has a fluid supply device ( 11 ,  11 A,  11 B) mounted outside the chamber, and supplies a temperature control fluid into the chamber ( 1 ). With the above described present invention, the vibration of the fluid supply device ( 11 ,  11 A,  11 B) for outputting a temperature control fluid is hardly transmitted into the chamber ( 1 ), the temperature control method according to the present invention can be used almost successfully. 
     In this case, it is desired that the present invention includes a temperature control device ( 18 ,  24 ,  43 ) for controlling the temperature of the fluid output from the fluid supply device ( 11 ,  11 A,  11 B), and transmitting the fluid into the chamber ( 1 ), thereby controlling the temperature in the chamber ( 1 ) at a predetermined temperature. At this time, since the temperature control device ( 18 ,  24 ,  43 ) controls the temperature of the fluid transmitted into the chamber ( 1 ), the temperature control method according to the present invention can be applied. 
     Furthermore, the final control of the temperature of the fluid led to the chamber ( 1 ) is not performed by the fluid supply device ( 11 ,  11 A,  11 B) located away from the chamber, but by, for example, the temperature control device ( 18 ,  24 ,  43 ) located near the constant temperature room in the chamber ( 1 ). Therefore, although the fluid supply device ( 11 ,  11 A,  11 B) is distant from the chamber ( 1 ), the feedback loop of the temperature control is not elongated, and the temperature in the chamber ( 1 ), or the temperature of the fluid used in the chamber ( 1 ) can be maintained precisely at a predetermined level. Thus, the body of the exposure device of a projective optical system ( 5 ), a stage system ( 4 ,  8 ), etc. is maintained at a constant temperature, thereby realizing a precision exposure apparatus with little vibration. 
     In this case, it is desired that the fluid supply device ( 11 ,  11 A,  11 B) includes a fluid supply device ( 13 - 14 ,  13 - 14   a - 14   b ) for controlling the temperature of the fluid. The level of the temperature control by the temperature control device ( 18 ,  24 ,  43 ) located near the chamber ( 1 ) is low when the temperature of the fluid to e supplied to the chamber ( 1 ) is roughly controlled by the fluid supply device ( 13 - 14 ,  13 - 14   a - 14   b ), thereby easily designing the temperature control device ( 18 ,  24 ,  43 ) using a heater without a vibration source or temperature control elements such as a Peltier element ( 18 ), and reducing the vibration in the chamber ( 1 ). 
     A liquid supply device ( 11 A) outputs, for example, a plurality of fluids at different temperatures, and a temperature control device ( 24 ) mixes the plurality of fluids at a predetermined ratio. A fluid at a desired temperature can be obtained by controlling the mixing ratio of the plurality of fluids at different temperatures. 
     In addition, it is desired that the present invention further includes a detector ( 19 ) for detecting the temperature of the fluid controlled by the temperature control device ( 18 ,  24 ,  43 ), and at least one of the temperature control device ( 18 ,  24 ,  43 ) and the fluid supply device ( 13 - 14 ,  13 - 14   a - 14   b ) controls the temperature of the fluid based on the detection result of the detector ( 19 ). The control precision of the temperature in the chamber ( 1 ) can be improved by feeding back the temperature of the detector ( 19 ) mounted together with the chamber ( 1 ). 
     Furthermore, it is desired that the fluid supply device ( 11 ,  11 A,  11 B) is mounted on the floor different from the floor on which the chamber ( 1 ) is mounted. Thus, the vibration of the fluid supply device ( 11 ,  11 A,  11 B) is not transmitted into the chamber ( 1 ). 
     It is also desired that the fluid supply device ( 11 ,  11 A,  11 B) is designed such that the vibration of the fluid supply device ( 11 ,  11 A,  11 B) cannot be transmitted to the body of the exposure device. 
     In the exposure apparatus according to the present invention, the body of the exposure device for transferring a mask pattern on the substrate is mounted in the chamber ( 1 ) controlled for a predetermined temperature, and the fluid machinery room ( 11 ,  11 A,  11 B) for controlling the temperature in the chamber ( 1 ) is mounted under the floor on which the chamber ( 1 ) is mounted. In the second exposure apparatus, the vibration during the temperature control of the machinery room ( 11 ,  11 A,  11 B) is not transmitted into the chamber ( 1 ), thereby reducing the unfavorable influence caused by the vibration in the body of the exposure device such as the deterioration in alignment precision, etc. 
     The exposure system according to one aspect of the present invention includes: a chamber containing the body of an exposure device which forms a pattern on a substrate; a first temperature control unit, mounted separate from the body of the exposure device, for controlling the temperature of a fluid taken through the body of the exposure device; and a second temperature control unit, connected to the first temperature control unit, for controlling the temperature of the fluid taken through the first temperature control unit, and supplying it to the body of the exposure device. The second temperature control unit has a control ability different from that of the first temperature control unit. 
     The exposure system according to another aspect of the present invention includes: a chamber containing the body of an exposure device which forms a pattern on a substrate; and a fluid supply device, mounted on a plane different from the plane on which the chamber is mounted, for supplying a fluid into the chamber. 
     The exposure system according to another aspect of the present invention includes: a chamber containing the body of an exposure device which forms a pattern on a substrate; and a fluid supply device, mounted separate from the body of the exposure device, for supplying a fluid into the chamber. At least one of the chamber and the fluid supply device is mounted using a vibration-proof material 
     The temperature control method according to another aspect of the present invention controls the temperature in a chamber containing the body of an exposure device which forms a pattern on a substrate. In this method, a first temperature control unit mounted separate from the body of the exposure device controls the temperature of a fluid taken through the body of the exposure device, and a second temperature control unit having a control ability different from that of the first temperature control unit controls the temperature again of the fluid taken through the first temperature control unit, and then supplies the fluid to the body of the exposure device. 
     The temperature control method according to another aspect of the present invention controls the temperature in a chamber containing the body of an exposure device which forms a pattern on a substrate. In this method, a fluid supply device mounted on a plane different from a plane on which the chamber is mounted supplies a fluid whose temperature has been adjusted into the chamber. 
     The temperature control method according to another aspect of the present invention controls the temperature in a chamber containing the body of an exposure device which forms a pattern on a substrate. In this method, a fluid supply device mounted separate from the body of the exposure device supplies a fluid whose temperature is adjusted to the chamber. At least one of the chamber and the fluid supply device is mounted using a vibration-proof material. 
     The exposure system producing method according to another aspect of the present invention produces an exposure system, and includes: a chamber containing the body of an exposure device which foims a pattern on a substrate; a first temperature control unit, mounted separate from the body of the exposure device, for controlling the temperature of a fluid taken through the body of the exposure device; and a second temperature control unit, connected to the first temperature control unit, for controlling the temperature of the fluid taken through the first temperature control unit, and supplying it to the body of the exposure device. The second temperature control unit has a control ability different from that of the first temperature control unit. 
     The exposure system producing method according to another aspect of the present invention produces an exposure system, and mounts on a predetermined plane a chamber containing the body of an exposure device which forms a pattern on a substrate, and mounts on a plane different from the plane of the chamber a fluid supply device for supplying a fluid to the chamber. 
     The exposure system producing method according to another aspect of the present invention produces an exposure system, includes a chamber containing the body of an exposure device which forms a pattern on a substrate, and mounts a fluid supply device for supplying a fluid to the chamber separate from the body of the exposure device using a vibration-proof material. 
     The exposure system producing method according to another aspect of the present invention produces an exposure system, mounts using a vibration-proof material a chamber containing the body of an exposure device which forms a pattern on a substrate, and mounts a fluid supply device for supplying a fluid to the chamber separate from the body of the exposure device. 
     The exposure system according to another aspect of the present invention includes: a chamber, mounted on a predetermined plane, containing the body of an exposure device forming a pattern on a substrate; a fluid supply device, mounted separate from the body of the exposure device on the same plane, for supplying a fluid to the chamber; and a connection material mounted between the chamber and the fluid supply device, for connecting the chamber and the fluid supply device such that the fluid can be transmitted between the chamber and the fluid supply device. The exposure system is designed to prevent the vibration generated by the fluid supply device during the operations from being transmitted to the body of the exposure device. 
     The temperature control method according to another aspect of the present invention controls the temperature in a chamber containing the body of an exposure device forming a pattern on a substrate. In this method, a fluid whose temperature is adjusted is supplied to the chamber from a fluid supply device mounted to the chamber through a connection material on the same plane as the chamber. Thus, the vibration generated by the fluid supply device during the operations is not transmitted to the fluid supply device. 
     The exposure system producing method according to another aspect of the present invention produces an exposure system, includes on a predetermined plane a chamber containing the body of an exposure device which forms a pattern on a substrate, and mounts on the same plane a fluid supply device for supplying a fluid to the chamber separate from the body of the exposure device. A connection material for connecting the chamber to the fluid supply device is provided between the chamber and the fluid supply device so that the fluid can be transmitted between the chamber and the fluid supply device. The exposure system is designed to prevent the vibration generated by the fluid supply device during the operations from being transmitted to the body of the exposure device. 
     According to the present invention described above, the vibration of the fluid supply device for providing a fluid for temperature control is hardly transmitted into the chamber, thereby realizing the exposure system using the temperature control method of the present invention. 
     Since the fluid supply device for supplying a temperature control fluid and its chamber are mounted on different floors according to the present invention, the vibration is hardly transmitted between them, thereby realizing the exposure system using the temperature control method of the present invention. 
     Since the vibration-proof material is applied to prevent the vibration from being transmitted between the fluid supply device for supplying a temperature control fluid and the chamber, the vibration is hardly transferred, thereby realizing the exposure system using the temperature control method of the present invention. 
     According to the present invention, since the fluid supply device for supplying a temperature control fluid is located away from the chamber by the distance for attenuation of 25% (6 dB) or more of the vibration, the vibration is hardly transmitted, thereby realizing the exposure system using the temperature control method of the present invention. 
     According to the present invention, the vibration of the fluid supply device for supplying a temperature control liquid is hardly transmitted to the chamber, thereby realizing the temperature control method of the present invention. 
     According to the present invention, since the fluid supply device for supplying a temperature control fluid and the chamber are mounted on different positions, the vibration is hardly transmitted, thereby realizing the temperature control method of the present invention. 
     According to the present invention, since there is a vibration-proof material to prevent the vibration from being transmitted between the fluid supply device for supplying a temperature control fluid and the chamber, the vibration is hardly transmitted, thereby realizing the temperature control method of the present invention. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING 
     FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing the general configuration of a conventional exposure apparatus; 
     FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing the general configuration of another conventional exposure apparatus; 
     FIG. 3 is a sectional view showing the general configuration of the best mode of an exposure apparatus embodying the present invention; 
     FIG. 4 is a sectional view showing the general configuration of the exposure light source of the exposure apparatus shown in FIG. 3; 
     FIG. 5 is a sectional view showing the general configuration of the first embodiment of the exposure apparatus embodying the present invention; and 
     FIG. 6 is a sectional view showing the general configuration of the second embodiment of the exposure apparatus embodying the present invention. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     The best mode for embodying the present invention is described below by referring to FIGS. 3 and 4. 
     FIG. 3 is a sectional view showing the general configuration of the best mode of an exposure apparatus embodying the present invention. In FIG. 3, a box-shaped chamber  1  is mounted on the floor F 1  of a semiconductor factory through four vibration-proof pads (FIG. 3 shows two of them, that is, vibration-proof pads  10   a  and  10   b ) comprising an air damper, or a hydraulic damper, etc. The chamber  1  is sectioned into a preliminary room  22   a  through which a blow duct  16  of a temperature control gas (air in the present embodiment), a temperature control room  23  in which the temperature of the gas is finally controlled, a filter room  22   b  in which the dust in the air is filtered at the ceiling of the chamber  1 , and the constant temperature room  100  in which the temperature of the internal air can be kept at a predetermined temperature. 
     The body of the exposure device comprises: the lighting optical system  2  comprising an optical integrator for leveling the illuminance distribution of exposure light, a condenser lens system, etc.; the reticle stage  4  for holding and aligning the reticle  3  as a mask; the projective optical system  5 ; the wafer holder  7  for holding the wafer  6  to be exposed; and the wafer stage  8  for three-dimensionally aligning the wafer  6  (the wafer holder  7 ). An exposure light source can be a mercury lamp, a laser light such as an excimer laser light, etc. The exposure light source can be stored in the lighting optical system  2 . According to the present embodiment, an excimer laser light is used as the exposure light source. As described later, the excimer laser light source is mounted under the floor of the chamber  1 . The wafer stage  8  is mounted on the chamber  1  through the frame material  9 . 
     During the exposure, a reduced image of the pattern formed by the reticle  3  is sequentially transferred to each of the shot areas of the wafer  6  through the projective optical system  5  in the step and repeat system. Thus, the exposure apparatus according to the present embodiment is operated in the stepper system, however, the present invention can also be applied when a projective exposure apparatus, etc. in the step and scan system is used as an exposure apparatus. 
     As disclosed by the U.S. Pat. No. 5,528,118, the wafer stage  8  is not mounted on the floor of the chamber  1 , but the chamber  1  comprises walls and a ceiling, and the wafer stage  8  can be mounted directly on the floor F 1  of the factory through the frame material  9 . Thus, the reaction force generated by the movement of the wafer stage  8  can be mechanically released into the floor F 1 . 
     In addition, as disclosed by the U.S. Pat. No. 5,874,820, the reticle stage  4  can be mounted directly on the floor F 1  of the factory. Thus, the reaction force generated by the movement of the reticle stage  4  can be mechanically released into the floor F 1 . 
     Since there are heating units such as the wafer stage  8 , etc. in the apparatus, the temperature in the constant temperature room  100  gradually rises with the accumulation of the heat in the airtight state. Therefore, a gas A 1  (air in the present embodiment) which is kept at a constant temperature and has passed from the filter room  22   b  through the dust filter  21  such as a HEPA filter, etc. is constantly supplied into the constant temperature room  100  of the chamber  1 . The gas A 1  receives the heat from the heating units such as the lighting optical system  2 , the wafer stage  8 , etc., turns into a high-temperature gas A 2 , and is exhausted outside the constant temperature room  100  from the opening of the floor of the chamber  1  through an exhaust duct  17 . The temperature of the gas in the constant temperature room  100  can be maintained at a predetermined target temperature (for example, 21° C.) by the blow of a gas at a constant temperature (constant temperature blow). 
     The exhaust duct  17  passes through the hole in the floor F 1  of the factory, and reaches the fluid supply device  11  mounted under the floor F 1 . According to the present invention, the fluid supply device  11  corresponds to a machinery room, and is mounted on a floor F 2  under the floor F 1 . That is, a cover  11   a  of the fluid supply device  11  is mounted on the floor F 2  through vibration-proof pads  15   a  and  15   b , and the exhaust duct  17  is led into the cover  11   a . A gas A 3  exhausted from the constant temperature room  100  is pressured by the pressure fan  12  in the cover  11   a  of the fluid supply device  11 , and is cooled and dehumidified by the cooler  13 . Then, the temperature of the gas A 3  is adjusted by the heater  14  for a predetermined temperature (for example, 21° C. if the target temperature in the constant temperature room  100  is 21° C.), and the gas A 3  is then supplied to the blow duct  16 . The blow duct  16  passes through the hole in the floor F 1  above from the cover  11   a , and is led to the temperature control room  23  through the preliminary room  22   a.    
     It is desired that the exhaust duct  17  and the blow duct  16  are made of elastic materials such as rubber, or shaped as bellows structures to prevent the vibration generated by the fluid supply device  11  from being transmitted to the floor F 1 . In addition, the exhaust duct  17  and the blow duct  16  are connected to the chamber  1  through the hole using an elastic material inserted between the hole and the duct. 
     A temperature-controlled gas A 4  supplied from the blow duct  16  is transmitted to the chamber  1  through the hole in the floor F 1  above, and enters the temperature control room  23 . A part of a Peltier element  18  is provided as a temperature control element in the temperature control room  23 , and the temperature of the gas A 4  supplied from the blow duct  16  is correctly adjusted to the target temperature in the constant temperature room  100  using the Peltier element  18 . A gas A 5  completely maintained at a constant temperature is transmitted to the filter room  22   b , and into the constant temperature room  100  as the gas A 1  through the dust filter  21  in the filter room  22   b.    
     A temperature sensor (thermometer)  19  is provided near the exhaust of the temperature control room  23  in the filter room  22   b  to correctly adjust the temperature of the gas in the filter room  22   b  and the constant temperature room  100  to the target temperature. The measurement value of the temperature sensor  19  is transmitted to a control system  20 , and the control system  20  controls the polarity and the intensity of the electric current to be transmitted to the Peltier element  18  depending on the measurement value of the temperature sensor  19 , thereby maintaining the temperature of the gas exhausted from the temperature control room  23  at the above described target temperature. 
     The Peltier element  18  is mounted such that, for example, one end  18   a  projects into the temperature control room  23  while the other end  18   b  projects outside the chamber  1 . With the Peltier element  18  mounted as described above, the polarity (positive or negative) and the intensity (electric current value) of the electric current flowing through the Peltier element  18  can be controlled to exhaust the heat in the temperature control room  23  out of the chamber  1 , that is, to lower the temperature of the gas exhausted from the temperature control room  23 , and to take the heat outside the chamber  1  into the temperature control room  23 , that is to rise the temperature of the gas exhausted from the temperature control room  23 . Thus, according to the present embodiment, the temperature of the gas supplied to the constant temperature room  100  of the chamber  1  is finally controlled precisely at a target temperature. 
     In this case, the temperature of the gas A 4  supplied to the temperature control room  23  in which the Peltier element  18  is mounted is preliminarily controlled by the fluid supply device  11  on the floor below. The pressure fan  12  and the cooler  13  in the fluid supply device  11  contain a compressor, a fan, and a motor with a high-level output, and large vibration sources. However, since these vibration sources are mounted on the floor F 2  below the floor F 1  on which the chamber  1  storing the body of the exposure device (the body of the exposure apparatus) is mounted, the vibration cannot have an influence on the body of the exposure device mounted on the floor F 1  above. 
     In addition, in the exposure apparatus of the present embodiment, an exposure light source is mounted below the floor F 1  on which the chamber  1  is mounted. 
     FIG. 4 shows the exposure light source of the exposure apparatus shown in FIG.  3 . In FIG. 4, a light source cover  35   a  is provided through vibration-proof pads  36   a  and  36   b  on the floor F 2  below. An excimer laser light source  31  is provided as an exposure light source in the light source cover  35   a . During the exposure, the ultraviolet pulse light LB as an exposure light from the excimer laser light source  31  is reflected upward by a mirror  32  for refraction of a light path, and then input to a light path cover  17 A provided for the hole in the upper plate of the light source cover  35   a  through an optical material  33  for matching used to horizontally adjust the light path. The light path cover  17 A reaches the constant temperature room  100  of the chamber  1  through the hole in the floor F 1  above. An ultraviolet pulse light LB led to the constant temperature room  100  through the light path cover  17 A is reflected by a mirror  34  of the body of the exposure device, input to the lighting optical system  2 , and then irradiated from the lighting optical system  2  to the reticle  3 . 
     In this case, the excimer laser light source  31  is a heat source. However, since the heat source is mounted under the floor of the chamber  1  storing the body of the exposure device, the heat source has no influence on the body of the exposure device. 
     In FIG. 3, the fluid supply device  11  on the floor F 2  is mounted such that it can be adjacent to the exposure light source. In addition, according to the present embodiment, vibration-proof pads  15   a  and  15   b  are provided between the cover  11   a  of the fluid supply device  11  and the floor F 2  such that the vibration of the pressure fan  12  and the cooler  13  can be prevented from being transmitted through the floor F 2  and then reaching the exposure light source. Thus, the fluid supply device  11  and the exposure light source can be provided close to each other in parallel below the floor of the chamber  1 . 
     According to the present embodiment, when the fluid supply device  11  is separate from the chamber  1 , the temperature fluctuation (overshoot, etc. generated by unstable control) can be caused by an offset generated between the temperature around the blow window of the heater  14  and the temperature measured by the temperature sensor  19  if the heater  14  in the fluid supply device  11  is feedback-controlled using the temperature measurement value (for example, a measurement value by the temperature sensor  19 ) in the chamber  1 . However, according to the present embodiment, since the Peltier element  18  is mounted immediately before the temperature sensor  19  in the chamber  1  in addition to the fluid supply device  11  having a large output capacity, the distance between the temperature sensor  19  and the Peltier element  18  is short, and the control delay time can be shortened, thereby causing no possibility that the final temperature of the gas becomes unstable during the temperature control. 
     Furthermore, the temperature control element in the temperature control room  23  is not limited to the Peltier element  18 . For example, if the temperature control value of the gas A 4  is constantly set to the value lower than a target temperature by the heater  14  in the fluid supply device  11  amounted on the floor below the floor F 1  of the factory, then a heater which is formed by an electric heating line, etc. and has only the heating function can be used as a temperature control element in the temperature control room  23 . Any element described above can be adopted as a temperature control element without generating vibration during the operations, thereby the alignment precision or the contrast of a transferred image, etc. can be maintained at a high level. 
     When the temperature control using the Peltier element  18  in the temperature control room  23  indicates the heating or radiation at a level equal to or higher than a predetermined value, the control system  20  transmits an instruction to the heater  14  in the fluid supply device  11  to change the temperature of the gas A 4  output from the heater  14 . 
     Another aspect of the first embodiment of the present invention is described below by referring to FIG.  5 . The present embodiment can be designed by changing the configuration of the fluid supply device of the best mode of the present invention. In FIG. 5, the portion corresponding to that shown in FIG. 3 is assigned the same unit number, and the detailed explanation is omitted here. 
     FIG. 5 shows the configuration of the exposure apparatus according to the present aspect of the embodiment. In FIG. 5, the body of the exposure device is mounted in the constant temperature room  100  of the chamber  1 . The gas A 3  transmitted from the constant temperature room  100  to the fluid supply device  11 A through the exhaust duct  17  is compressed by the pressure fan  12  in the cover  11   a  of the fluid supply device  11 A, cooled and dehumidified by the pressure fan  12 , branched into two gases A 3   a  and A 3   b , and respectively transmitted to different heaters  14   a  and  14   b  such as electric heaters, etc. 
     Thus, in the heaters  14   a  and  14   b , the branched gases A 3   a  and A 3   b  are set to a little different temperatures based on the target temperature (for example, 21° C.) in the constant temperature room  100 . For example, the gas A 3   a  is set to the temperature different from the target temperature by +0.05° C. in the heater  14   a , and is supplied as the gas A 4   a  to a blow duct  16   a . On the other hand, the gas A 3   b  is set to the temperature different from the target temperature by −0.05° C. in the heater  14   b , and is supplied as the gas A 4   b  to a blow duct  16   b . The blow ducts  16   a  and  16   b  are led to a gas mixer  24  in temperature control room  23  provided at the ceiling of the chamber  1  from the cover  11   a  through the hole made in the floor F 1  above, and through the preliminary room  22   a  in the chamber  1 . 
     According to the present aspect, the gas mixer  24  functions as a temperature control device. Temperature-controlled gases A 4   a  and A 4   b  provided for the blow ducts  16   a  and  16   b  are led to the chamber  1  in parallel through the hole in the floor F 1 , and transmitted to the gas mixer  24  in the temperature control room  23 . The gas mixer  24  generates the gas A 5  by mixing at a set mixing rate the two gases A 4   a  and A 4   b  different from each other in temperature, and transmits the gas A 5  to the filter room  22   b . At this time, unnecessary gases are returned to the pressure fan  12  from the gas mixer  24  through a duct not shown in the attached drawings. 
     Also according to the present aspect of the embodiment, the temperature sensor  19  is mounted near the exhaust opening of the temperature control room  23  in the filter room  22   b . The measurement value of the temperature sensor  19  is transmitted to the control system  25 , and the control system  25  maintains the temperature of the gas A 5  to be supplied from the gas mixer  24  to the filter room  22   b  at the above described target temperature by controlling the mixing rate between the gases A 4   a  and A 4   b  in the gas mixer  24  based on the measurement value of the temperature sensor  19 . At least one variable valve is provided in the gas mixer  24 , and the mechanical opening/closing operations of the valve change the mixing rate of the two gases A 4   a  and A 4   b . However, the vibration from the mechanical operations is very low, and hardly transmits the vibration to the body of the exposure device in the constant temperature room  100 . 
     Then, the gas A 5  completely set at a constant temperature by the gas mixer  24  is blown into the constant temperature room  100  again as the gas A 1  through the dust filter  21  in the filter room  22   b , and is maintained at the target temperature in the constant temperature room  100 . According to the present embodiment, the distance between the temperature sensor  19  and the gas mixer  24  is also short, and the control delay time can be shortened. As a result, there is no possibility that the temperature of the gas A 5  becomes unstable during the temperature control. 
     In addition, according to the present aspect of the embodiment, the control system  25  transmits an instruction to the heaters  14   a  and  14   b  in the fluid supply device  11 A when the mixing rate of the gas mixer  24  is set such that one gas is constantly used more in quantity in order to change the temperature of the gases A 4   a  and  14   b  provided from the heaters  14   a  and  14   b . That is, when only a large volume of a high-temperature gas is used, the temperature of the gas provided from both heaters  14   a  and  14   b  is made to rise. When only a large volume of a low-temperature gas is used, the temperature of the gas provided from both heaters  14   a  and  14   b  is made to drop. 
     In the present embodiment, the mixing rate between the two gases  4   a  and A 4   b  is controlled to adjust the temperature of a provided gas as described above. However, the present invention is not limited to this application, but three or more gases can be mixed to adjust the temperature. Thus, the temperature can be adjusted with higher precision. 
     Although the fluid supply devices  11  and  11 A are mounted on the floor below the floor F 1  of the factory in which the body of an exposure device is mounted according to the above described embodiments, the position on which the fluid supply devices  11  and  11 A are mounted is not limited to this designation, but can be mounted on the floor above the floor on which the chamber  1  is mounted in the factory, can be mounted at separate positions on the same floor, or the fluid supply devices  11  and  11 A can be independently mounted in the chamber  1 . However, when the fluid supply devices  11  and  11 A are mounted on the same floor as the chamber  1 , it is necessary to keep a distance long enough to attenuate the vibration transmitted between them, or to provide a vibration-proof pad between the fluid supply device and the floor F 1 . It is desired that the distance is long enough to attenuate the vibration of the fluid supply device  11  in the chamber  1  by at least 25% (6 dB) of the original vibration. However, since the distance depends on various elements such as the material of the floor, the building structure, etc., it should be obtained with all elements taken into account when the fluid supply device  11  is mounted. 
     The chamber  1  and the fluid supply device  11  can be mounted close to each other by providing a vibration-proof pad between the chamber  1  and the fluid supply device  11 , and the floor F 1 , forming the blow duct  16  or the exhaust duct  17  connected to the chamber  1  and the fluid supply device  11  with the material having a vibration-proof function (for example, rubber), or by designing a structure having a vibration-proof function (for example, a bellows structure). 
     Furthermore, any one of the fluid supply devices  11  and  11 A can supply a gas for a constant temperature to a plurality of exposure apparatuses. 
     In addition, the gas to be supplied from the fluid supply devices  11  and  11 A to the chamber  1  is not limited to air. For example, it can be a nitrogen gas, a helium gas, etc. 
     In the descriptions above, the fluid to be supplied to the chamber  1  is a gas, but a liquid can be used for a constant temperature in the recent exposure apparatuses. Therefore, in the exposure apparatus described above, a predetermined liquid is set at a constant temperature in a fluid supply device located separate from the chamber  1 , led into the chamber  1 , and then the temperature is slightly amended as described above in each of the embodiments of the present invention. Otherwise, in an external fluid supply device, two kinds of liquids are generated as set at respective constant temperatures, and mixed in the chamber  1  to generate a liquid of a constant temperature so that the constant-temperature liquid can be used for adjusting the temperature of a local area of the exposure apparatus. 
     FIG. 6 shows the configuration of the exposure apparatus according to the second aspect of the present embodiment. In the present aspect, a liquid is used as a fluid for temperature control to temperature-control the projective optical system  5  which is one of the local areas of the exposure apparatus. In FIG. 6, the portion corresponding to that shown in FIG. 3 is assigned the same unit number in explaining the system in detail. 
     In FIG. 6, the body of the exposure device having the projective optical system  5 , etc. is mounted in the constant temperature room  100 . Round the projective optical system  5 , a temperature control pipe  48  through which a liquid for temperature control is spirally arranged, and the liquid flowing inside the pipe is temperature-controlled, thereby temperature-controlling the projective optical system  5 . 
     For example, the water which is a liquid whose temperature is adjusted to control the projective optical system  5  at a constant temperature flows in a water supply pipe  46 , and is led to the constant temperature room  100  of the chamber  1  by a compressor  41  and a main temperature controller  42  in the fluid supply device  11 B mounted on the floor F 2  below the floor F 1  on which the chamber  1  is mounted. A temperature sub-controller  43  mounted in the constant temperature room  100  re-adjusts the water temperature which has slightly changed while the water flows through the water supply pipe  46 . The temperature adjustment by the temperature sub-controller  43  is different in small temperature adjustment from the temperature adjustment by the fluid supply device  11 B for adjusting the water temperature which may have largely changed. Therefore, the vibration can be generated by the fluid supply device  11 B while a vibration is hardly transmitted during the temperature adjustment by the temperature sub-controller  43 . The water whose temperature is adjusted by the temperature sub-controller  43  controls the projective optical system  5  at a constant temperature while it flows through the spiral temperature control pipe  48  mounted round the projective optical system  5 . After controlling the temperature of the projective optical system  5 , the water returns to the fluid supply device  11 B through a water supply pipe  47 , and repeats the above described temperature control. 
     As described above, the present invention is applicable to the temperature control using a gas or a liquid. The fluid supply device  11  using each medium is  11 A and  11 B as individually described above. However, according to the present invention, the temperatures of both gas and liquid can be controlled using a fluid supply device. In this case, the area (footprint) required for an exposure apparatus can be reduced, thereby unifying a vibration source, and reducing the transmission of a vibration to the chamber. 
     Thus, the present invention is not limited to any aspect of the above described embodiments, but can be used with various configurations within the scope of the gist of the present invention. 
     According to the temperature control method, the temperature in a chamber can be controlled by controlling the temperature of the fluid transmitted between a fluid supply device and the chamber. Since there are no temperature control units generating a vibration, the deterioration in alignment precision of the body of the exposure device caused by the vibration during the temperature control, and the deterioration in the contrast of a transferred image can be successfully reduced. 
     Then, according to the first exposure apparatus, the temperature control method according to the present invention can be almost completely used. In addition, when a temperature control device for controlling the temperature of a fluid output from the fluid supply device, and transmitting it into the chamber is provided so that the temperature in the chamber can be controlled at a predetermined temperature, the final temperature of the fluid input to the chamber is not controlled by a separately mounted fluid supply device, but by a temperature control device provided actually close to the chamber. Therefore, although the fluid supply device is separate from the chamber, the temperature in the chamber, or the temperature of the fluid used in the chamber can be constantly maintained with high precision. 
     Furthermore, since the temperature control device for controlling the temperature in the chamber is mounted outside the chamber, the floor area (footprint) required to mount a chamber (body of the exposure device) can be reduced, and a larger number of exposure apparatuses can be provided in the same area of a factory. 
     In addition, when the fluid supply device comprises a fluid supply device for controlling the temperature of a fluid, the fluid supply device roughly and preliminarily controls the temperature of the fluid. Therefore, the amount of control of the temperature by the temperature control device can be mostly suppressed. As a result, the temperature control device can be a temperature control element without a vibration source such as a Peltier element, a heater, etc., the influence of a vibration on the chamber can be furthermore reduced. 
     Additionally, when the fluid supply device outputs a plurality of fluids at different temperatures, and the temperature control device mixes the plural fluids at a predetermined rate, the amount of the heat generated during the temperature control can be reduced. 
     In addition, if a detector for detecting the temperature of the fluid controlled by the temperature control device is additionally provided, and at least one of the temperature control device and the fluid supply device controls the temperature of the fluid based on the detection result from the detector, then the temperature in the chamber can be controlled with high precision based on the actual temperature in the chamber. 
     When the fluid supply device is mounted on a floor different from the floor on which the chamber is mounted, the vibration generated by the fluid supply device is not transmitted into the chamber. 
     When the fluid supply device is mounted such that the vibration of the fluid supply device cannot be transmitted to the body of the exposure device, the alignment precision, etc. of the body of the exposure device can be furthermore improved. 
     According to the second embodiment of the exposure apparatus of the present invention, the temperature control method of the present invention can be used. In addition, since a larger part of the temperature control device for controlling the temperature in the chamber is moved outside the chamber, the floor area (footprint) required to mount a chamber (body of the exposure device) can be reduced, and a larger number of exposure apparatuses can be mounted in the same area of a factory.