Abstract:
An image processing apparatus which comprises a smoothing enlarger for enlarging some binary image data into more binary image data of black and white pattern for reducing a jaggy image, a divider for dividing the binary image data into some blocks of binary image data, and a multileveler for multileveling each block and making multilevel image data. In accordance of the invention, smoothing enlargement, dividing, and multileveling is achieved by a novel method.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     This invention relates to an image processing apparatus, for use in a laser printer, a digital copying machine, or a digital facsimile. The invention particularly relates to an image processing apparatus, which achieves smooth enlargement and multilevel output of an image. 
     2. Related Art 
     There is a smoothing technique which is done by enlarging binary image data an integral number of times. The binary image data are enlarged and supplemented to smooth a jaggy image, for example a slant line, referring to image data adjacent to aimed data or datum. Therein the output is binary data. This technique is currently used in facsimile machines and the like. 
     Moreover, there is a high quality image technique which is done by multileveling the jaggy image of the binary image data in a printer which can output a multilevel image. An example of such a printer is an RET (Resolution Enhanced Technology) by Hewlett Packard company. Printer manufacturing companies use that printer or similar ones. 
     On the other hand, a digital copying machine has recently been introduced that is multifunctional. The product is schematically shown in FIG. 7. The system comprises a digital copying function as a central function, a printer function for printing a document by a word processor and the like, a scanner function for scanning an image and storing it as a data-base file, and the like, a facsimile function for transmitting and receiving a facsimile image, and a network function for printing image data from a network and sending an image by a scanner to a network. 
     Table I indicates enlargement ratios when three kinds of facsimile (FAX) image are printed in three kinds of printer which have resolutions of 300 dpi, 400 dpi, and 600 dpi. For example, a facsimile image of 8 (dot/mm)×7.7 (dot/mm) is enlarged at twice vertically and horizontally to print its facsimile image in a 400 dpi printer. Moreover, the printer of a recent digital copying machine can output multilevel tones. Therefore a system for printing a facsimile image which has the smoothing enlargement function and multilevel output function is required. 
     
                       TABLE 1______________________________________enlargement ratio     300 dpi     400 dpi    600 dpi     (12         (16        (24     (dot/mm) ×                 (dot/mm) ×                            (dot/mm) ×Fax Image 12 (dot/mm))                 16 (dot/mm))                            24 (dot/mm))______________________________________ 8 (dot/mm) ×     1.5 × 3                 2 × 4                            3 × 6 3.85 (dot/mm) 8 (dot/mm) ×     1.5 × 1.5                 2 × 2                            3 × 3 7.7 (dot/mm)16 (dot/mm) ×     --          1 × 1                            1.5 × 1.515.4 (dot/mm)______________________________________ 
    
     SUMMARY AND OBJECT OF THE INVENTION 
     Accordingly, one object of this invention is to provide an image processing apparatus in which both smoothing enlargement and multilevel output are achieved by a novel method. 
     Another object of this invention is to provide an image processing apparatus in which an enlargement ratio is at some number of times, for example 1.5 times, including an integral number, and multilevel output is achieved. 
     These and other objects and advantages are achieved by the present invention which provides for an image processing apparatus comprising a smoothing enlarger for enlarging certain binary image data into more binary image data of black and white pattern for reducing a jaggy image, a divider for dividing the binary image data into blocks of binary image data, and a multileveler for multileveling each block and creating multilevel image data. In accordance with one aspect of the invention, smoothing enlargement, dividing, and multileveling is achieved by a novel method. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     In describing preferred embodiments of the present invention illustrated in the drawings, specific terminology is employed for the sake of clarity. However, the invention is not intended to be limited to the specific terminology so selected, and it is to be understood that each specific element includes all technical equivalents which operate in a similar manner to accomplish a similar purpose. 
     A more complete appreciation of the invention and the many attendant advantages thereof will become readily apparent from the following detailed description, particularly when considered in conjunction with the drawing in which: 
     FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the smoothing enlargement and multileveling system of the present invention; 
     FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a page-printer including an embodiment of the present invention; 
     FIGS. 3(a) and 3(b) are schematic diagrams for explaining the operation of an embodiment of the smoothing enlargement function in the smoothing enlargement block and the multileveling block of FIG. 1; 
     FIGS. 4(a) and 4(f) are schematic diagrams for explaining the operation of some embodiments for the smoothing enlargement through multileveling blocks of FIG. 1; 
     FIGS. 5(a) and 5(b) are schematic diagrams for explaining the operation of another embodiment for the smoothing enlargement of the smoothing enlargement block and the multileveling block. 
     FIGS. 6(a) and 6(B) are schematic diagrams for explaining the operation of other embodiments for smoothing enlargement and multileveling of the smoothing enlargement block and the multileveling block of FIG. 1; and 
     FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing a prior art complex digital copying system. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     This invention will be described on the basis of the drawings. FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a page-printer incorporating an embodiment of the present invention. In this page-printer, a facsimile image from a modem (not shown) is received in an input/output (I/O) device 2 which is controlled by a CPU 1 and then stored in a working RAM 3. Then, the facsimile image is processed according to a program in a ROM 4, and is stored in a page memory 5. After that, printing device 6 reads the binary image data in the page memory 5, and enlarges and multilevels the data in a smoothing enlargement and multileveling circuit 7. In this way a high quality image is achieved. 
     FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an embodiment of the structure for the smoothing enlargement and multileveling circuit 7 shown in FIG. 2. It comprises an input line buffer (a first line buffer) 11 for storing binary image data of plural lines, a template pattern machine (TPM) circuit 12 for enlarging the binary image data into a black-and-white pattern for reducing jaggy images according to an enlargement ratio which is decided by the resolution of the facsimile image and that of the printer, an arithmetric circuit for dividing the enlarged binary image data into a predetermined number of blocks according to the enlargement ratio and then multileveling the blocks, and an output line buffer 14 (a second line buffer) for storing the blocks (multilevel data) of plural lines and outputting them to the printing device synchronized to a clock (not shown). 
     The way in which the smoothing enlargement and multileveling circuit 7 functions will be described using FIGS. 3 through 6. In FIG. 3(a), the aimed image data (shown by closshatching) is enlarged into 12×12 dots. The black and white pattern in FIG. 3(b) is selected to reduce the jaggy image. Next, according to the enlargement ratio, if it is equal, the 12×12 dots are multileveled as shown in FIG. 4(a) and the multilevel is normalized by the multilevel P of the printing device. That is, in FIG. 4(a), the number of black dots is 42 dots in the enlarged 12×12 dots, therefore 
     
         42/(12×12)×P=(7/24)P. 
    
     Moreover, if the enlargement ratio is 2×2 times, the enlarged image data of 12×12 dots are divided into four blocks of 6×6 dots of image dots as shown in FIG. 4(b). Each block of 6×6 dots is multileveled. 
     Therefore, the number of black dots of each block is 0 dots for the first block, 0 dots for the second block, 12 dots for the third block and 30 dots for the fourth block. So the four blocks yield the following four items of multilevel image date: 
     
         0/(6×6)×P=0 
    
     
         0/(6×6)×P=0 
    
     
         12/(6×6)×P=(1/3)P 
    
     
         30/(6×6)×P=(5/6)P. 
    
     The four blocks are converted to the above 4 items of multilevel data. 
     In the same way as above, in enlargements of 2×4 times, 3×3 times, 3×6 times, as shown in FIGS. 4(c), (d), (e), the 12×12 dots are divided into the blocks of each image data of 6×3 dots, 4×4 dots, 4×2 dots, respectively, and each block in FIGS. 4(c), (d), (e) is multileveled. 
     The above-described relation is summarized in the equations ##EQU1## as shown in FIG. 4F. q1×q2 dot array of binary image data is enlarged to a n1×n2 dot array of binary image data. The n1×n2 array is divided in k1×k2 blocks of binary image data, and each block has an m1×m2 array of dots. The above-described variables q1, q2, n1, n2, m1, m2, k1, k2 are each an integer greater than or equal to 1. Furthermore, these variables satisfy the following relations: 
     
         (q1×q2)≧1; 
    
     
         (n1×n2)&gt;(q1×q2); 
    
     
         (n1×n2)=(k1×k2) (m1×m2); 
    
     and 
     
         (k1×k2)≧(q1×q2). 
    
     Moreover, when 1.5×1.5 times, or 1.5×3 times enlargement is contemplated, 2×2 dots aimed image data are enlarged into 6×6 dots as shown in FIG. 5(a). They are divided into blocks of image data of 2×2 dots or 2×1 dots, and each block is multileveled. 
     As described above, a novel smoothing enlargement and multileveling method is achieved. 
     Next, the description of the circuit in FIGS. 1 and 2 are presented. 
     After the image data of one page is stored in the page memory 5, the printing device 6 sends synchronizing signal 710 to page memory 5 through the smoothing enlargement and multileveling circuit. The synchronizing signal 710, may be composed of for example, FGATE which is a sub-scanning synchronizing signal, LGATE which is a main scanning signal and CLK which is a clock synchronizing signal for transferring image data. The page memory 5 sends the image data of one line which is renewed with synchronizing by the LGATE in the smoothing enlargement and multileveling circuit. The input page memory 11 stores the image data in the line buffer 5. After it stores image data of 5 lines, operation of the TPM circuit 12 starts. That is, 25 image data including aimed data are enlarged in the TPM circuit, and synchronized to the CLK. The result is divided and multileveled according to the enlargement ratio in the arithmetric circuit, synchronized to the CLK. The result is stored in the output buffer 14, synchronized to the synchronizing signal 710. The output line buffer 14 sends the multileveled data to the printing device 6 synchronized to the synchronizing signal 710. Then they are printed in the printing device 6. 
     As described above, the method of this invention can prevent processing speed loss and therefore real time processing can be achieved in the circuit in FIG. 1. 
     As an embodiment of this invention, the embodiment applied to a page printer has been described. This invention can be also applied to other image forming apparatus, such as a digital copying machine, a digital facsimile machine, and the like. Moreover, it can be applied to output media, such as CRT and the like.