Abstract:
In some embodiments, a system includes (1) a controller configured to receive information regarding substrate uniformity; (2) a processing tool configured to perform a semiconductor device manufacturing process on a substrate; and (3) a laser delivery mechanism coupled to the controller, the laser delivery mechanism configured to selectively deliver laser energy to the substrate during processing within the processing tool so as to selectively heat the substrate during processing. The controller is configured to employ the substrate uniformity information to determine a temperature profile to apply to the substrate during processing within the processing tool and to employ the laser delivery mechanism to selectively heat the substrate during processing within the processing tool based on the temperature profile. Numerous other embodiments are provided.

Description:
FIELD 
       [0001]    The present application relates to semiconductor device manufacturing and more particularly to selective heating during semiconductor device processing to compensate for substrate uniformity variations. 
       BACKGROUND 
       [0002]    During semiconductor device manufacturing, numerous materials are formed on and removed from a substrate to form the underlying devices. Great efforts are generally expended to produce highly uniform material layers and device features. However, distributions in material layer thickness, critical dimension (CD), and the like nonetheless exist across a substrate. As semiconductor device dimensions shrink, such variations in thickness uniformity, CD uniformity, etc., become more difficult to tolerate. As such, methods and apparatus that compensate for substrate uniformity variations are desirable. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0003]    In some embodiments, a system includes (1) a controller configured to receive information regarding substrate uniformity; (2) a processing tool configured to perform a semiconductor device manufacturing process on a substrate; and (3) a laser delivery mechanism coupled to the controller, the laser delivery mechanism configured to selectively deliver laser energy to the substrate during processing within the processing tool so as to selectively heat the substrate during processing. The controller is configured to employ the substrate uniformity information to determine a temperature profile to apply to the substrate during processing within the processing tool and to employ the laser delivery mechanism to selectively heat the substrate during processing within the processing tool based on the temperature profile. 
         [0004]    In some embodiments, a method of selectively heating a surface of a substrate during processing includes (1) determining substrate uniformity information; (2) determining a temperature profile for a processing tool based on the substrate uniformity information; (3) loading a substrate into the processing tool; (4) processing the substrate within the processing tool; and (5) employing a laser delivery mechanism to selectively heat the substrate during processing within the processing tool based on the temperature profile. Numerous other aspects are provided. 
         [0005]    Other features and aspects of the present invention will become more fully apparent from the following detailed description, the appended claims and the accompanying drawings. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES 
         [0006]      FIG. 1  is a schematic diagram of an example system for selectively heating a substrate during processing in accordance with embodiments provided herein. 
           [0007]      FIG. 2  is a schematic diagram of an example embodiment of the system of  FIG. 1  in accordance with embodiments provided herein. 
           [0008]      FIG. 3  is a flowchart of a method of selectively heating a substrate during semiconductor device processing to compensate for substrate uniformity variations in accordance with embodiments provided herein. 
           [0009]      FIG. 4  illustrates an example substrate temperature profile for a substrate in accordance with some embodiments provide herein. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0010]    In accordance with one or more embodiments provided herein, a laser beam is employed to selectively heat portions of a substrate during processing. For example, a laser beam may be scanned or “rastered” across a substrate while the substrate is being processed. The laser beam may be turned on and/or have a larger dwell time and/or power in areas of the substrate in which additional substrate heating is desired. In areas in which less heat is desired, the laser beam may be turned off, dwell may be decreased and/or power may be decreased. 
         [0011]    Raising substrate temperature of an area of the substrate relative to other areas of the substrate may increase etch or deposition rates in the heated area. In some embodiments, such selective heating may be employed to compensate for substrate uniformity variations, such as variations in layer thickness or CD across the substrate. For example, a metrology tool may be employed to measure substrate uniformity information, and this information may be employed to generate a temperature profile for a substrate during processing that compensates for uniformity variations. A laser delivery mechanism may be employed to facilitate heating of the substrate according to the temperature profile. 
         [0012]    These and other embodiments of the invention are described below with reference to  FIGS. 1-4 . 
         [0013]      FIG. 1  is a schematic diagram of an example system  100  for selectively heating a substrate during processing in accordance with embodiments provided herein. With reference to  FIG. 1 , the system  100  includes a laser delivery mechanism  102  coupled to a controller  104  and a processing tool  106 . In some embodiments, a metrology tool  108  may be coupled to the controller  104  and employed to provide substrate uniformity information to the controller  104  as described below. 
         [0014]    The laser delivery mechanism  102  may include a laser source  110  and laser beam positioning device  112 . The laser source  110  may be selected based on the emission spectrum of the laser source. For example, in some embodiments, infrared wavelength light may be employed through use of a carbon dioxide laser as such wavelengths are generally absorbed by a silicon substrate. Other laser sources and/or wavelengths may be used. 
         [0015]    The laser beam positioning device  112  may include one or more mirrors, prisms, electro-optic or acousto-optic deflectors, or the like, that may deflect or otherwise redirect a laser beam from the laser source  110  so as to cause the laser beam to scan along a portion of a substrate positioned within the processing tool  106 . 
         [0016]    The processing tool  106  may be a deposition tool, such as a chemical vapor deposition (CVD), physical vapor deposition (PVD), atomic layer deposition (ALD), or similar deposition tool, an etch tool, or any other processing tool that may benefit from selective substrate heating. In some embodiments, the processing tool  106  may include a heated substrate pedestal  114  for supporting and heating a substrate during processing within the tool  106 . For example, the heated substrate pedestal  114  may provide either uniform heat across the backside of a substrate, or in some embodiments, the heated substrate pedestal  114  may have heating zones that provide different amounts of heat at different locations across the backside of a substrate (e.g., to compensate for uniformity variations in film thickness, CD, etc.). In such cases, the laser delivery mechanism  102  may be employed to provide supplemental heat to the substrate (in addition to any heat provided by the heated substrate pedestal  114 ). In at least some embodiments, the controller  104  may control heating by both the heated substrate pedestal  114  and the laser delivery mechanism  102 . 
         [0017]    The metrology tool  108  may be any suitable metrology tool capable of measuring film thickness uniformity, CD uniformity or any other desired substrate parameter. Example metrology tools include spectroscopic reflectometry tools, polarized spectroscopic reflectometry tools, ellipsometry tools, scanning electron microscopes, x-ray reflectometry and diffraction tools, etc. The metrology tool  108  may be a stand-alone metrology tool, or a metrology tool that is coupled to and/or integrated with the processing tool  106 . 
         [0018]    The controller  104  may a processor, such as a microprocessor, central processing unit (CPU), microcontroller or the like. The controller  104  may include computer program code and/or one or more computer program products for performing one or more of the methods described herein. Each computer program product described herein may be carried by a non-transitory medium readable by a computer (e.g., a floppy disc, a compact disc, a DVD, a hard drive, a random access memory, etc.). 
         [0019]    In operation, a substrate is loaded into the processing tool  106  and placed on the substrate pedestal  114 . The controller  104  determines a temperature profile to apply to the substrate during processing within the processing tool  106 . For example, the metrology tool  108  may measure film thickness uniformity, CD uniformity and/or any other uniformity parameter relevant to the substrate which is to be processed and provide the substrate uniformity information to the controller  104 . In some embodiments, the uniformity information may provide a map of thickness and/or CD variations across the substrate to be processed (or a typical substrate that has undergone similar processing). The uniformity information may identify underlying, systemic and/or inherent uniformity variations in film thickness, CD, etc., across the substrate. 
         [0020]    Based on the substrate uniformity information, the controller  104  may create a map or temperature profile that indicates at what locations across a surface of the substrate temperature should be raised to increase etch rate or deposition rate, so as to compensate for substrate uniformity variations in thickness, CD, etc. During processing within processing tool  106 , the controller  104  may direct the heated substrate pedestal  114  to heat the substrate to a desired processing temperature. In some embodiments, the heated substrate pedestal  114  may include multiple, individually controllable heating zones that the controller  104  may use to compensate for substrate uniformity variations. Alternatively, or in addition, the controller  104  may direct the laser delivery mechanism  102  to selectively heat portions of the substrate based on the temperature profile determined by the controller  104 . For example, a laser beam may be scanned or “rastered” across the substrate while the substrate is being processed and turned on and/or have a larger dwell time and/or power in areas of the substrate in which additional substrate heating is desired. In areas in which less heat is desired, the laser beam may be turned off, dwell may be decreased and/or power may be decreased. As stated, raising substrate temperature of an area of the substrate relative to other areas of the substrate may increase etch or deposition rates in the heated area. 
         [0021]      FIG. 2  is a schematic diagram of an example embodiment of the system  100  of  FIG. 1  in accordance with embodiments provided herein. In the embodiment of  FIG. 2 , the system  100  includes a plurality of laser deliver mechanisms  102   a - c , each including a laser source  110   a - c  and laser beam positioning device  112   a - c , respectively. For example, in some embodiments, infrared wavelength light may be employed through use of a carbon dioxide laser as such wavelengths are generally absorbed by a silicon substrate. Other laser sources and/or wavelengths may be used. While three laser sources and laser beam positioning devices are shown in  FIG. 2 , it will be understood that fewer or more laser sources and/or laser beam positioning devices may be employed. 
         [0022]    Each laser beam positioning device  112   a - c  may include one or more mirrors, prisms, electro-optic or acousto-optic deflectors, or the like, that may deflect or otherwise redirect a laser beam  202   a - c  from its respective laser source  110   a - c  so as to cause the laser beam to scan along a portion of a substrate  204  positioned within the processing tool  106 . In some embodiments, the substrate  204  also may be moved relative to the laser beam (e.g., linearly, by rotation, etc.). 
         [0023]    In one or more embodiments, the processing tool  106  may include an optical port  206   a - c  for each respective laser source  110   a - c . For example, optical ports  206   a - c  may be sealed quartz windows. 
         [0024]    Controller  104  is coupled to each laser delivery mechanism  102   a - c  and controls operation of the laser delivery mechanisms  102   a - c . Controller  104  may be coupled to the laser delivery mechanisms  102   a - c  wirelessly, via wired connection, optically, etc. In some embodiments, controller  104  also may control operation of the heated substrate pedestal  114 . 
         [0025]    Operation of the system  100  is described below with reference to  FIG. 3 . 
         [0026]      FIG. 3  is a flowchart of a method  300  of selectively heating a substrate during semiconductor device processing to compensate for substrate uniformity variations in accordance with embodiments provided herein. With reference to  FIG. 3 , in Block  301  substrate uniformity information is determined. For example, substrate uniformity information may be communicated to the controller  104 . In some embodiments, the metrology tool  108  may measure film thickness uniformity, CD uniformity and/or any other uniformity parameter relevant to the substrate which is to be processed and provide the substrate uniformity information to the controller  104 . In some embodiments, the uniformity information may provide a map of thickness and/or CD variations across the substrate to be processed (or a typical substrate that has undergone similar processing). The uniformity information may identify underlying, systemic and/or inherent uniformity variations in film thickness, CD, etc., across the substrate. 
         [0027]    In Block  302 , based on the substrate uniformity information, the controller  104  may create a map or temperature profile that indicates at what locations across a surface of the substrate temperature should be raised to increase etch rate or deposition rate, so as to compensate for substrate uniformity variations in thickness, CD, etc. For example,  FIG. 4  illustrates an example substrate temperature profile for substrate  204  in accordance with some embodiments. An area or portion  402   a  of substrate  204  is enlarged as indicated by reference numeral  402   b  and provides example temperature increases in ° C. to be provided to each region of the substrate  204  within the portion  402   a  by one or more of laser delivery mechanisms  102   a - c . The values provided in  FIG. 4  are merely illustrative. Other values may be employed. 
         [0028]    In Block  303 , substrate  204  is loaded into the processing tool  106  and placed on the pedestal  114 . In Block  304  the substrate  204  is processed within the processing tool  106 . 
         [0029]    During processing within processing tool  106 , the controller  104  may direct the heated substrate pedestal  114  to heat the substrate  204  to a desired processing temperature. In some embodiments, the heated substrate pedestal  114  may include multiple, individually controllable heating zones that the controller  104  may use to compensate for substrate uniformity variations. Alternatively, or in addition, in Block  305  the controller  104  may direct one or more of the laser deliver mechanisms  102   a - c  to selectively heat portions of the substrate  204  based on the temperature profile determined by the controller  104 . For example, one or more of laser beams  202   a - c  may be scanned or “rastered” across the substrate  204  through use of the laser beam positioning device  112   a - c  while the substrate  204  is being processed. The controller  104  may cause the one or more laser beams  202   a - c  to be turned on and/or have a larger dwell time and/or power in areas of the substrate  204  in which additional substrate heating is desired. In areas in which less heat is desired, the controller  104  may cause the one or more laser beams  202   a - c  to be turned off, or decrease dwell time and/or power. 
         [0030]    Raising substrate temperature of an area of the substrate  204  relative to other areas of the substrate  204  may increase etch or deposition rates in the heated area. In some embodiments, the controller  104  may employ the laser delivery mechanisms  102   a - c  to selectively increase a temperature of a portion of the substrate  204  by about 1 to 2.5° C. Larger or small temperature changes may be employed. 
         [0031]    Through use of laser heating, precise control over local temperature profile may be achieved at reaction sites during processing. This may allow highly accurate adjustments to etch or deposition rates at a local, selective level; and highly accurate compensation for substrate uniformity variations. 
         [0032]    The foregoing description discloses only example embodiments provided herein. Modifications of the above disclosed apparatus and methods which fall within the scope of the invention will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. For instance, other radiation sources may be employed to selectively heat a substrate such as light emitting diodes (LEDs), superluminescent LEDs (SLEDs), microwave sources, etc. In some embodiments, an electron or ion beam may be employed to selectively neutralize ions to affect etch or deposition rates (e.g., by reducing ion density of a plasma, by reducing a number of reactive species available for etch or deposition, or the like). Further, in one or more embodiments, the chip design for a substrate may be employed to affect laser heating (e.g., dwell time, power level, etc.). For example, the chip design for a substrate may provide layer type and/or thickness information across a substrate, and controller  104  may access the chip design from a database or other location and use chip design information to apply different laser dwell times, powers or the like selectively across the substrate. 
         [0033]    Accordingly, while the present invention has been disclosed in connection with example embodiments thereof, it should be understood that other embodiments may fall within the spirit and scope of the invention, as defined by the following claims.