Abstract:
A tamper-evident closure for a container is provided. The container is formed with means at its open upper end for making a snap fit locking connection with a cover. The container has a peripheral flange with a skirt section that surrounds and is spaced radially from the container&#39;s side wall, and the cover has a depending skirt that extends down around the upper end of the container and has a free bottom edge that lies immediately adjacent to the flange. The flange has an outer surface that is flush with the adjacent portion of the outer surface of the skirt, so that essentially the flange appear to be a continuation of the skirt. As a consequence the closure formed by the cover (lid) and the container is resistant to opening by a small child. Additionally the skirt section of the flange has a tab portion that is breakable under pressure so that, once broken, it can be depressed inwardly toward the container side wall far enough to permit a person to engage the bottom edge of the skirt on the cover and thereby force the cover off of the container. The tab portion functions as a tamper evident feature, since the fact that it has been broken can be easily discerned from inspection and since the torn tab cannot be restored to its original condition.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention pertains to provision of a container with a tamper evident closure that also is resistant to opening by a small child. 
     PRIOR ART 
     Heretofore efforts have been made to provide containers with child resistant closures, i.e., closures that are difficult for children to open. this in the case where the closure involves a removable lid or cover, the combination of container and lid or cover is designed so a small child cannot effect removal of the lid or cover from the container. 
     Also known are efforts to make containers with tamper-evident closures, i.e., closures that are designed to indicate that they have been tampered with. Child resistant and tamper evident lids are especially important in the case of containers for over the counter and prescription drugs. A variety of different closures designs have been patented and used, some specifically for relatively small containers and others for containers of moderate or large size. Each known closure design has its own advantages and limitations. Examples of child resistant and tamper-evident closures are provided by U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,411,160, issued 2 May, 1995 to Goulet et al for Child Resistant Closure, and 5,224,617, issued 6 Jul., 1993 to M. Gaudrealt for Tamper Evident Container, and the prior art patent documents cited therein. 
     OBJECT AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     A primary object of the present invention is to provide a novel tamper-evident closure for plastic containers. 
     Another primary object of this invention is to provide a novel child-resistant closure for plastic containers. 
     A further object is to provide plastic containers having a novel closure design that is both child resistant and tamper evident. 
     The foregoing objects, and other objects stated in or rendered obvious by the following specification are achieved by providing (1) a container having a peripheral flange and (2) a cover or lid that fits over and makes a snap-fit connection with the open top end of the container, the cover or lid having a depending skirt that abuts the peripheral flange and has an outer surface that is flush with the adjacent portion of the outer surface of the flange, so that essentially the flange appear to be a continuation of the skirt. As a consequence the closure formed by the cover (lid) and the container is resistant to opening by a small child. Additionally the flange has a tab portion that is breakable under pressure so that, once broken, it can be depressed inwardly toward the container side wall far enough to permit a person to engage the bottom edge of the skirt and thereby force the cover off of the container. The tab portion functions as a tamper evident feature, since the fact that it has been broken can be easily discerned from inspection and since the torn tab cannot be restored to its original condition. Other features and advantages of the invention are obvious from the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment of the invention which is to be considered together with the accompanying drawings. 
    
    
     THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 is an exploded side view showing a container and lid embodying the present invention, with portions show in cross-section; 
     FIG. 2 is a side elevation of the same container rotated 90° from the view of FIG. 1; 
     FIG. 3 is a fragmentary cross sectional and exploded view illustrating details of the of the container and the handle that permit the handle to make a removable pivotal connection to the container; 
     FIG. 4 is a fragmentary-perspective view showing details of the tab portion of the flange on the container; and 
     FIG. 5 is a sectional view in elevation illustrating how the tab portion can be ruptured and pushed inwardly to facilitate removal of the lid. 
     In the several figures, like numerals designate like components. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     Referring first to FIGS. 1 and 2, the illustrated embodiment comprises a lid or cover 2 and a container 4, both preferably molded of a resilient plastic such as polyethylene. However they may be made of some other plastic material so long as the lid has adequate flexibility and resiliency to permit it to be applied to the container by a snap fit connection. By way of example but not limitation, they may be made of polypropylene, polyvinylchloride (&#34;PVC&#34;) or a natural or synthetic elastomer. As used herein, the terms &#34;lid&#34; and cover are intended to be synonymous with one another. 
     Referring to FIGS. 1 and 5, lid 2 is circular and has a circular body section 6 surrounded by and integral with a circular rim section that comprises an upwardly curved inner wall 8, a depending skirt 10 and a top annular wall 12 connecting wall 8 and skirt 10. Preferably as shown the upper portion 14 of skirt 10 has a generally cylindrical shape, while the remainder 16 of the skirt tapers outwardly so as to have a generally frusto-conical shape. The inner surface of skirt 10 is formed with a circumferentially extending rib 18. Although rib 18 is shown as having a saw-tooth shaped cross-section, it may be formed with some other cross-sectional shape so long as it can function as a lid locking member as described below. The annular gap between curved inner wall 8 and skirt 10 serves as a channel for receiving the circular upper end of container 4, as shown in FIG. 5 and as further described below. The minimum width of the channel is between the innermost edge of rib 18 and wall 8. 
     Container 4 comprises a bottom wall 22 and a side wall 24. The latter is circular in cross-section but is tapered, having its smallest outside diameter at its juncture with bottom wall 22. The tapered side wall allows a number of the containers to be stacked one inside of the other. The taper may be uniform from top to bottom or, as shown in FIG. 5, the taper at the upper end portion 24A of side wall 24 may be different than the taper for the remaining lower portion 24B of that wall. Preferably, but not necessarily, the bottom end of the container has a circular flange 26 that projects beyond bottom wall 22 and serves as a position stabilizing ring for the container when it is seated on a supporting surface such as a table or floor. Also preferably but not necessarily, the bottom wall is curved inwardly (FIG. 1) and is provided with a centrally located circular reinforcing ring 28 on its under side. 
     The upper end of side wall 24 is formed with a peripheral locking bead or ridge 30 (FIG. 5). Preferably the underside of bead 30 is made substantially flat and extends at a right angle to the plane of side wall 24, so as to permit it to better make a locking connection with rib 18 of the lid. The combined thickness of side wall 24 and bead 30 may be the same as or slightly larger than the minimum width (radial dimension) of the channel between rib 18 and curved lid wall 8; alternatively as shown in FIG. 5 the combined thickness of side wall 24 and bead 30 may be slightly less than the minimum width of the channel. However, bead 30 projects outwardly of side wall 24 far enough for its minimum outer diameter to exceed the minimum inner diameter of rib 18, so that in order to apply the lid to the container the skirt 10 needs to be deformed outwardly to allow bead 30 to intrude into the channel far enough to pass rib 18, whereupon the skirt will spring back to its original shape so as to cause rib 18 to make a snap lock connection with bead 30 in the manner shown in FIG. 5. 
     The side wall of the container is formed with an external flange 40 adjacent to but short of its top end. Flange 40 comprises a ring section 42 (FIGS. 3 and 4) that is formed integral with the outer surface of side wall 24 and a tubular (preferably cylindrical) skirt section 44 that is formed integral with and depends from the outer edge of ring section 42. Skirt section 44 extends around and in spaced relation with side wall 24 and is supported by a plurality of circumferentially spaced webs 46 that are connected to and extend radially between it and wall 24. Webs 46 are molded integral with flange sections 42 and 44 and also with wall 24. Ring section 42 extends around side wall 24 for a distance less than 360°, having spaced end edges 47A and 47B (FIG. 4) that define the opposite ends of a gap 50 and are characterized by sawtooth (triangular) shaped projections 48A and 48B. Gap 50 is also defined by portions of side wall 24 and flange skirt section 44. The latter section is formed with two score lines 52A and 52B in its outer surface 54 in the region between the opposite end edges 47A, 47B of ring section 42, more specifically betwen the outer ends of projections 47A, 47b, as shown in FIG. 5. The two score lines demarcate a breakable tab portion 44A of flange section 44. Score lines 52A, 52B preferably are in the form of grooves having a V-shaped cross-sectional configuration. The score lines are made deep enough to permit flange section 44 to be ruptured by a manually applied force in the region of gap 50. By way of example, if the container is made of polyethylene and flange skirt section 44 has a thickness of about 0.045&#34;, the score lines preferably have a depth of in the range of 0.035-0.040&#34;. 
     To facilitate rupturing, two webs 46A and 46B are formed immediately adjacent to the opposite end edges of gap 50. The two score lines are closer to one another than are webs 46A and 46B, so that the latter buttress flange section 44 on either side of the score lines. As a consequence if tab portion 44A is pressed inwardly toward side wall 24, the adjacent portions of flange section 44 at webs 46A, 46B will resist being deflected inwardly toward side wall 24 and the tab section will readily shear along score lines 52A, 52B. Score lines or grooves 52A, 52B are formed so that they extend straight down from the upper edge of flange section 44 to a point short of its free bottom edge. Accordingly when tab portion 44A is pressed inwardly toward side wall 24, it will rupture along the two score lines, but it will not tear completely free of flange section 44. Instead it will be deflected inwardly, as shown in FIG. 5, far enough to permit the user to grasp the lower edge of skirt 10 of cover 2, whereby the user can then force the lid off of the container. 
     The sawtooth shaped projections 48A, 48b serve as detents. When tab portion 44A is pressed inwardly as shown in FIG. 5, its side edges will engage the adjacent edge of projections 48A, 48B, causing the flexible tab portion to bend enough to allow its side edges to move past the inner ends of along the projections 48A, 48B, whereupon the side edges of the tab portion will snap into place behind the projections 48A, 48B. When this occurs, projections 48A, 48B will act to as detents to hold the tab portion in its inner deflected position (see fragmentary dotted line position of tab portion 44A as shown in FIG. 5). Of course, since the tab portion 44A is flexible, the user can release it from projections 48A, 48b by manually forcing it past those projections back to its original position. 
     Flange 40 also serves as a mount for a bail or handle 60. For this purpose, flange section 44 has two identical key-hole shaped slots 62 at two diametrically opposed locations. Each keyhole slot comprises a circular end section 62A and a tapered channel section 62B. In the illustrated embodiment, keyhole slots 62 are 90 degrees removed from tab section 44A. Adjacent each keyhole slot the outer surface of flange section 44 is formed with a flat arcuate surface area 66 that surrounds keyhole circular end section 62A and a portion of each keyhole channel section 62B. Each flat arcuate surface area 66 is surrounded by a circularly curved ridge 68 that serves as a pivot guide for the attached end of handle 60. The latter is also molded of a flexible plastic material and each of its two ends has a round shoulder 70, as well as a pivot shaft 72 that projects at a right angle from shoulder 70 and is terminated by a circular end flange 74. Keyhole slots 62 are widest where their channel sections intersect the bottom edge of flange section 44 and narrowest where their channel sections 62B join circular end sections 62A. Each pivot shaft 70 has a diameter that is smaller than the widest part of channel section 62B and also smaller than the diameter of circular end section 62A, but slightly larger than the narrowest part of channel section 62B. The ends of handle 60 are attached to flange section 44A by inserting pivot shafts 72 into keyhole channel sections 62B and then forcing those shafts into keyhole circular end sections 62A, so as to make a snap-type and rotatable connection to the container. When so positioned, the ends of the handle cannot slip out of the keyhole slots but can shafts 72 can pivot in the circular end sections 62A, allowing the handle to be moved between a raised container-carrying position and a lowered handle-storing position. The end flanges on shafts 72 prevent the shaft from being pulled axially out of the keyhole slots, while ridges 68 coact with round shoulders 70 to limit lateral motion of the pivot shafts and also provide protection for shoulders 70. 
     The height of skirt 10 of the lid and the location of flange 40 on the side wall of the container are selected so that when the lid is attached, the bottom edge of the skirt abuts or nearly abuts flange ring section 42. Additionally, the outer diameter of skirt 10 at its bottom edge is made the same as the outer diameter of flange skirt section 44 at its junction with ring section 42. Consequently when the lid is secured in place on the container, the bottom end of the outer surface of skirt 10 appears to be a continuation of the upper end of the outer surface of flange section 44. The result is a child resistant closure. by way of explanation, removal of the lid by hand is difficult since there is no room to insert a finger under the skirt on the lid for the purpose of forcing it off of the container. 
     Of course, the lid could be removed from the container by inserting a wedging tool such as a chisel or screwdriver between flange section 42 and the bottom edge of skirt 10, and then manipulating the tool so as to pry the lid off of the container, but that method of opening the container is still difficult for a small child. Moreover, using a tool to pry open the container might mark up the plastic lid and/or the container, and such marks would tend to be quite visible. 
     The easiest way for a person to open the closure is to depress tab portion 44A of flange section 44 far enough to permit positioning a finger under the bottom edge of that flange section, whereupon person has enough purchase to force the lid off of the container. However, the score lines are sufficiently deep as to readily rupture when the tab portion is pushed in under ring section 42. Hence if a container has been opened by depressing tab portion 44A far enough to place a finger under skirt 10, the fact that it has been opened will be evident by the further fact that the integrity of flange section 44 has been violated by rupturing of tab portion 44A. 
     Obviously the container and lid shown in the drawings may be modified in various ways without departing from the principles of the invention. For example, the depth, width and length of the score lines may be varied, and the V-groove type score lines may be replaced with a serrated type score line or each score line may take the form of a series of closely spaced small depressions or perforations. Also score lines for two tabs 44A could be provided, with the two tabs being angularly displaced from one another around the container side wall. If desired, the sawtooth projections 48A, 48b that function as detents also may be omitted. The distance of flange 40 from the top end of the container also may be varied, in which case the height of skirt 10 will be changed so assure that there is little or no gap between the bottom edge of the skirt and the upper end of the flange. Although the ring section 42 of flange 40 is shown as extending at a right angle to the side wall of the container, it is appreciated that ring section 42 could be canted, e.g., it could slope down and away from its line of attachment with side wall 24. Details of the snap-type connection provided by the lid and container also may be varied. For example, depending on the degree of sealing required between lid and container, rib 18 be replaced by a series of short circumferentially spaced ribs, and the same may be done with respect to bead 30. However, in the case where the contents of the container is a liquid and it is desired to assure that no leakage can occur, the upper end of the channel formed between inner lid wall 8 and skirt 10 may be fitted with a gasket for engagement by the top edge of the container, thereby providing an hermetic seal. It also is contemplated that the container need not be circular in cross-section. Instead, for example, the container may be made with a rectangular cross-sectional configuration, in which case its side wall would comprise 4 side wall panels and the flange 40 would extend laterally across each side wall panel, and the tab portion may be located at any side panel or even at more than one side panel. Likewise, the cover would be rectangular rather than circular. 
     As noted above, with the foregoing construction, it is difficult to remove the lid from the container except by use of a prying device or except by first rupturing the tab portion 44A. In both cases violating the integrity of the original closure tends to be evident; if the closure is opened by using a prying tool such as a chisel or screwdriver, that fact would be evidence by physical marring of the lid or container by the prying tool; if the closure is opened by depressing tab portion 44A (the intended procedure, access to the container is made evident by the fact that the tab has been ruptured. 
     Other modifications and advantages of the invention will be obvious to persons skilled in the art.