Abstract:
A pharmaceutical composition of omeprazole for oral administration is described which consists essentially of: 
     (a) a tabletted core component containing a therapeutically effective amount of omeprazole, a surface active agent, a filler, a pharmaceutically acceptable alkaline agent and a binder; and 
     (b) a single layer of coating on said core which comprises a layer of an enteric coating agent.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to a stable formulation of omeprazole. It is well known that omeprazole is sensitive to acidic conditions and after contact with an acid, omeprazole will degrade and will not function in its intended manner. Initially, alkaline materials were added to a core of omeprazole and later an enteric coating was applied over the core to prevent the omeprazole from contacting the acidic pH conditions of the stomach. This approach is satisfactory if the product is administered within a short time after it is manufactured but if the product is stored under ambient conditions, the acidic residue of the enteric coating appears to degrade the omeprazole before it is administered to a patient. To solve this problem, the prior art has used a separate layer of a coating agent to coat a pellet core which contains omeprazole and an alkaline material which is thereafter coated with the enteric coating. This technique is described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,786,505. 
     This dual layer coating technique requires the application of two separate functional coating operations which increases the length of the manufacturing process and the cost of the product. The applicants have surprisingly discovered a coating system which avoids the need to use a coating layer to separate the omeprazole core from the enteric coating layer in an omeprazole dosage form. The separate coating system is based on the combined use of an enteric coating agent which is applied to cores of omeprazole as a suspension in an suitable solvent. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention provides a novel dosage form of omeprazole which consists essentially of: 
     (a) a compressed tablet core made from a granulation comprising a therapeutically effective amount of omeprazole, a surface active agent, a filler, a pharmaceutically acceptable alkaline agent and a binder; and 
     (b) a single layer of coating on said core which comprises a layer of an enteric coating agent. 
     Accordingly, it is a primary object of this invention to provide a pharmaceutical dosage formulation of omeprazole which is stable upon prolonged storage, is stable when administered to a patient and is capable of providing the desired therapeutic effect. 
     It is also an object of this invention to provide a pharmaceutical dosage form of omeprazole which is bioequivalent to dosage forms of omeprazole which have an intermediate layer of an inert coating material. 
     It is also an object of this invention to provide a stable dosage form of omeprazole which may be produced without the need to provide an intermediate coating layer that separates the omeprazole containing core from the enteric coating layer. 
     These and other objects of the invention will become apparent from a review of the appended specification. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     The omeprazole formulation of the invention is preferably based on a compressed tablet core formed from granulation which comprises omeprazole, a surface active agent, a filler, an alkaline material and a binder. 
     The omeprazole may comprise from 5 to 70 wt % and preferably 10 to 30 wt % of the granulation. 
     The surface active agent may be any pharmaceutically acceptable, non-toxic surfactant. Suitable surface active agents include sodium lauryl sulfate, polysorbate 20, polysorbate 40, polysorbate 60, polysorbate 80 and the like. 
     The surface active agent may be present at a level of from 0.1 to 5 wt % and preferably 0.20 to 2.0 wt % based on the total weight of the granulation. 
     The alkaline material is selected from the group consisting of the sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium and aluminum salts of phosphoric acid, carbonic acid, citric acid and aluminum/magnesium compounds such as Al 2 O 3 .6MgO.CO 2 .12H 2 O, (Mg 6 Al 2 (OH 1-6 CO 3 .4H 2 O), MgO.Al 2 O 3 .2SiO 2 .nH 2 O where n is a whole integer of 2 or more. In addition the alkaline material may be selected from lysine or arginine or from the group consisting of antacid materials such as aluminum hydroxides, calcium hydroxides, magnesium hydroxides and magnesium oxide. The alkaline agent may be present at a level of 10 to 80 wt % based on the total weight of the granulation, depending on the relative strength of the alkaline material. If the preferred arginine is employed, a level of from 20 to 60 wt % and preferably 30 to 55 wt % based on the weight of the granulation may be employed. 
     The binder may be any pharmaceutically acceptable, non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable binder. The binder is preferably a water soluble polymer of the group consisting of polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxymethyl cellulose and the like. A water soluble binder is preferred which is applied from an aqueous medium such as water at a level of from 0.1 to 10 wt % and preferably from 0.25 to 7.5 wt % of binder based on the total weight of the granulation. 
     A filler is used as a granulation substrate. Sugars such as lactose, dextrose, sucrose, maltose, or microcrystalline cellulose and the like may be used as fillers in the granulation composition. The filler may comprise from 25 to 50 wt % and preferably 20 to 40 wt % based on the total weight of the granulation. 
     A tablet disintegrant may be added which comprises corn starch, potato starch, croscarmelose sodium, crospovidone and sodium starch glycolate in an effective amount. An effective amount which may be from 3 to 7 wt % based on the total weight of the granulation. 
     The enteric coating agent may comprise an acid resisting material which resists acid up to a pH of above about 5.0 or higher which is selected from the group consisting of cellulose acetate phthalate, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose phthalate, polyvinyl acetate phthalate, carboxymethylethylcellulose, Eudragit L (poly(methacrylic acid, methylmethacrylate), 1:1 ratio; MW (No. Av. 135,000—USP Type A) or Eudragit S (poly(methacrylic acid, methylmethacrylate, 1:2 ratio MW (No. Av. 135,000—USP Type B) and mixtures thereof. For example Eudragit L100-55 is a 100% polymer solids product while the Eudragit L30-55 product is a 30% w/w/aqueous dispersion of the polymer. The enteric coating agent may also include an inert processing aid in an amount from 10 to 50 wt % and preferably 20 to 40 wt % based on the total weight of the acid resisting component and the inert processing aid. The inert processing aids include finely divided forms of talc, silicon dioxide, magnesium stearate etc. Typical solvents which may be used to apply the acid resisting component-inert processing aid mixture include isopropyl alcohol, acetone, methylene chloride and the like. Generally the acid resistant component-inert processing aid mixture will be applied from a 5 to 20 wt % of acid resisting component-inert processing aid mixture based on the total weight of the solvent and the acid resistant component-inert processing aid. 
     The enteric coating may optionally comprise a plasticizer. Suitable plasticizers include acetyl triethyl citrate, dibutyl phthalate, tributyl citrate, triethyl citrate, acetyl tributyl citrate, propylene glycol, triacetin, polyethylene glycol and diethyl phthalate. The amount of plasticizer can vary, but will typically be present in the amount of 0 to 40% w/w based upon the weight acid resisting component of the coating, and more preferably about 10-20% w/w based upon the weight of the acid resisting component. 
     The granulation is formed by contacting the alkaline agent, the omeprazole, the surface active agent and the binder with a medium which may comprise any low viscosity solvent such as water, isopropyl alcohol, acetone, ethanol or the like. When fluids such as water are employed, this will usually require a weight of fluid which is about three times the weight of the dry components of the coating composition. 
     After the granulation is formed and dried, the granulation is tabletted and the tablets are directly coated with the enteric coating agent. A color imparting agent may be added to the enteric coating agent mixture or a rapidly dissolving seal coat containing color may be coated over the enteric coating agent layer provided that the seal coat is compatible with and does not affect the dissolution of the enteric coating layer. The rapidly dissolving seal coat may comprise Opadry pink which comprises approximately 91 wt % hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (E-6), color and 9 wt % polyethylene glycol which is applied as a 8-15% w/w solution in purified water. In addition the color may be provided as “Chromateric” which is available from Crompton &amp; Knowles. This product contains water, talc, TiO 2 , triethyl citrate, propylene glycol, synthetic red iron oxide, potassium sorbate, xanthan gum, sodium citrate and synthetic yellow iron oxide. If desired, conventional sugar based seal coats may be used which contain FDA certified dyes. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     Example 1 
     Granulation 
     A granulation containing omeprazole is formed in fluid bed coater using a top spray granulation forming suspension containing micronized omeprazole, 5% w/w of the total amount of L-arginine, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, sodium lauryl sulfate and purified water which is sprayed onto a mixture of microcrystalline cellulose, 95% w/w of the total amount of L-arginine and sodium starch glycolate. The formulation for making the granulation has the following composition: 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 povidone, USP (Plasdone K30) 
                 100.0 g 
                   
               
               
                   
                 sodium starch glycolate 
                 100.0 g 
               
               
                   
                 sodium lauryl sulfate, NF/USP 
                 6.0 g 
               
               
                   
                 microcrystalline cellulose (AvicelPH101) 
                 965.6 g 
               
               
                   
                 L-arginine, USP/FCC 
                 1020.0 g 
               
               
                   
                 omeprazole, USP (micronized) 1   
                 340.0 g 
               
               
                   
                 purified water, USP 
                 1100.0 g 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   1 95% of the particles exhibit a particle size of less than 15 microns  
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Tabletting 
     The granulation is tabletted into tablets containing 20 mg of omeprazole by first mixing the omeprazole granules with glyceryl monostearate: 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 omeprazole granules 
                 118.0 g 
                   
               
               
                   
                 glyceryl monostearate (EASTMAN 600P) 
                 6.0 g 
               
               
                   
                 Tabletting tools 
                 0.2812″ 
               
               
                   
                 target weight 
                 124 mg/tab 
               
               
                   
                 target hardness 
                 7Kp 
               
               
                   
                 LOD of granules 
                 less than 3% 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Enteric Coating 
     An enteric coating was applied to prepare enteric coated tablets as follows: 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 omeprazole tablets 
                 124.0 g 
                   
               
               
                   
                 (prepared above) 
               
               
                   
                 hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 
                 14.7 g 
               
               
                   
                 phthalate 55 
               
               
                   
                 talc 
                 4.2 g 
               
               
                   
                 acetyl tributyl citrate 
                 2.9 g 
               
               
                   
                 acetone 
                 148.0 g 
               
               
                   
                 isopropyl alcohol 
                 148.0 g 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     The solid coating materials were dissolved in the acetone and isopropyl alcohol and this solution was coated onto the omeprazole tablets using a perforated pan. 
     Seal Coat 
     A seal coat was applied to the enteric coated tablets as follows: 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Enteric coated tablet 
                 146.0 g 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Opadry II pink 
                 4.5 g 
               
               
                   
                 Water 
                 450.0 g 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     The seal coat was applied onto the enteric coated omeprazole tablets using a perforated pan coater. 
     Example 2 
     Granulation 
     A granulation containing omeprazole is formed in fluid bed coater using a top spray granulation forming suspension containing micronized omeprazole, 5.00% w/w of the total amount of L-arginine, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polysorbate 80 and purified water which is sprayed onto a mixture of microcrystalline cellulose and 95.0% w/w of the total amount of L-arginine. The formulation for making the granulation has the following composition: 
     
       
         
               
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 mg/tablet 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 povidone, USP (Plasdone K30) 
                  5.88 
               
               
                   
                 polysorbate 80 (Tween 80) 
                  0.58 
               
               
                   
                 L-arginine, USP/FCC 
                 60.0  
               
               
                   
                 omeprazole, USP (micronized) 2   
                 20.0  
               
               
                   
                 microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel PH102) 
                 25.54 
               
               
                   
                 purified water, USP 
                 n/a 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   2 95% of the particles exhibit a particle size of less than 15 microns  
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Tabletting 
     The granulation is tabletted into tablets containing 20 mg of omeprazole by first mixing the omeprazole granules with crospovidone XL, then with glyceryl monostearate: 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 omeprazole granules 
                 112.0 mg 
                   
               
               
                   
                 glyceryl monostearate (EASTMAN 600P) 
                 6.8 mg 
               
               
                   
                 crospovidone XL 
                 16.2 mg 
               
               
                   
                 Tabletting tools 
                 0.2812″ 
               
               
                   
                 target weight 
                 135 mg/tab 
               
               
                   
                 target hardness 
                 7Kp 
               
               
                   
                 LOD of granules 
                 less than 3% 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Enteric Coating 
     An enteric coating was applied to prepare enteric coated tablets as follows: 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 omeprazole tablets 
                 135.0 mg 
                   
               
               
                   
                 (prepared above) 
               
               
                   
                 Eudragit L30D-55 
                 14.0 mg 
               
               
                   
                 color (Chromateric) 
                 7.0 mg 
               
               
                   
                 1M NaOH (pH adjuster to pH 5.0)qs 
                 na 
               
               
                   
                 Purified water qs 
                 na 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     The solid coating materials were dispersed in the water and this mixture was coated onto the omeprazole tablets using a perforated pan. 
     Example 3 
     Granulation 
     A granulation containing omeprazole is formed in fluid bed coater using a top spray granulation forming suspension containing micronized omeprazole, 5.0% w/w of the total amount of L-arginine, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, sodium lauryl sulfate and purified water which is sprayed onto a mixture of microcrystalline cellulose and 95.0% w/w of the total amount of L-arginine. The formulation for making the granulation has the following composition: 
     
       
         
               
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 mg/tablet 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 povidone, USP (Plasdone K30) 
                  5.0 
               
               
                   
                 sodium lauryl sulfate 
                  0.3 
               
               
                   
                 L-arginine, USP/FCC 
                 60.0 
               
               
                   
                 omeprazole, USP (micronized) 3   
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 microcrystalline cellulose (AvicelPH102) 
                 24.7 
               
               
                   
                 purified water, USP 
                 n/a 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   3 95% of the particles exhibit a particle size of less than 15 microns  
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Tabletting 
     The granulation is tabletted into tablets containing 10 mg of omeprazole by first mixing the omeprazole granules with sodium starch glycolatye and then with glyceryl monostearate: 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 omeprazole granules 
                 100.0 mg 
                   
               
               
                   
                 glyceryl monostearate (EASTMAN 600P) 
                 5.0 mg 
               
               
                   
                 sodium starch glycolate 
                 5.0 mg 
               
               
                   
                 Tabletting tools 
                 0.2812″ 
               
               
                   
                 target weight 
                 110 mg/tab 
               
               
                   
                 target hardness 
                 7Kp 
               
               
                   
                 LOD of granules 
                 less than 3% 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Enteric Coating 
     The tablets were coated with the same enteric coating that was applied to the tablets in Example 2. 
     Example 4 
     Granulation 
     A granulation containing omeprazole is formed in fluid bed coater using a top spray granulation forming suspension containing micronized omeprazole, 5.0% w/w of the total amount of L-arginine, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, sodium lauryl sulfate and purified water which is sprayed onto a mixture of microcrystalline cellulose, crospovidone XL and 95.0% w/w of the total amount of L-arginine. The formulation for making the granulation has the following composition: 
     
       
         
               
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 mg/tablet 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 povidone, USP (Plasdone K30) 
                 5.88 
               
               
                   
                 polysorbate 80 
                 0.60 
               
               
                   
                 L-arginine, USP/FCC 
                 60.0  
               
               
                   
                 omeprazole, USP (micronized) 4   
                 20.0  
               
               
                   
                 crospovidone XL 
                 5.88 
               
               
                   
                 microcrystalline cellulose 
                 25.54  
               
               
                   
                 purified water, USP 
                 n/a 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   4 95% of the particles exhibit a particle size of less than 15 microns  
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Tabletting 
     The granulation is tabletted into tablets containing 20 mg of omeprazole by first mixing the omeprazole granules with glyceryl monostearate: 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 omeprazole granules 
                 117.9 mg 
                   
               
               
                   
                 glyceryl monostearate (EASTMAN 600P) 
                 6.1 mg 
               
               
                   
                 Tabletting tools 
                 O.2812″ 
               
               
                   
                 target weight 
                 124 mg/tab 
               
               
                   
                 target hardness 
                 7Kp 
               
               
                   
                 LOD of granules 
                 less than 3% 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Enteric Coating 
     The tablets were coated with the same enteric coating that was applied to the tablets in Example 1. 
     Example 5 
     The granulation of Example 1 was prepared and tabletted into tablets containing 20.0 mg of omeprazole. These tablets were coated as follows: 
     Enteric Coating 
     An enteric coating was applied to prepare enteric coated tablets as follows: 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 omeprazole tablets 
                 126.00 mg 
                   
               
               
                   
                 (prepared above) 
               
               
                   
                 Eudragit L30D-55 
                 17.00 mg 
               
               
                   
                 1M NaOH (pH adjuster to pH 5.0)qs 
                 na 
               
               
                   
                 acetyl tributyl citrate 
                 1.70 mg 
               
               
                   
                 talc 
                 3.80 mg 
               
               
                   
                 polysorbate 80 
                 1.50 mg 
               
               
                   
                 purified water qs 
                 na 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     The coating polymer was diluted with water and the other coating materials were added. This mixture was coated onto the omeprazole tablets using a perforated pan. A seal coat was applied using the procedure of Example 1. 
     While certain preferred and alternative embodiments of the invention have been set forth for purposes of disclosing the invention, modifications to the disclosed embodiments may occur to those who are skilled in the art. Accordingly, the appended claims are intended to cover all embodiments of the invention and modifications thereof which do not depart from the spirit and scope of the invention.