Abstract:
The invention relates to a camshaft adjuster ( 1 ) for adjusting and fixing the relative position of the angle of rotation of a camshaft ( 8 ) in relation to a crankshaft of a reciprocating piston internal combustion engine. The adjusting device comprises a high transmission and friction-reduced adjusting gear mechanism ( 2 ), comprising a drive shaft which is rotationally fixed to the crankshaft, a driven shaft which is rotationally fixed to the camshaft ( 8 ) and an adjusting shaft ( 9 ) which is connected to an adjusting motor shaft ( 10 ) of an adjusting motor. A camshaft adjuster ( 1 ), which is economical to run, can be produced such that the adjusting gear mechanism ( 2 ) and the adjusting motor ( 3 ) are embodied as separate units and are connected together by a rotational backlash-free, disengaging coupling ( 4 ).

Description:
BACKGROUND  
       [0001]     The invention relates to a camshaft adjuster for adjusting and fixing the position of the angle of rotation of the camshaft relative to the crankshaft of a reciprocating-piston internal-combustion engine, especially according to the preamble of claim  1 .  
         [0002]     In DE 41 10 195 A1, a camshaft adjuster for adjusting and fixing the relative position of the angle of rotation of a camshaft relative to the crankshaft of a reciprocating-piston internal-combustion engine is disclosed, with a high transmission and friction-reduced adjusting gear mechanism comprising a drive shaft, which is connected rigidly to the crankshaft, a driven shaft, which is rotationally fixed to the camshaft, and an adjusting shaft, which is connected to an adjusting motor shaft of an adjusting motor.  
         [0003]     In this solution, the adjusting motor shaft is formed integrally with the adjusting shaft of the adjusting gear mechanism. Therefore, when the adjusting motor fails, the entire camshaft adjuster always has to be replaced. In addition, the assembly itself is complicated, because pre-assembly of the complete adjusting motor is impossible.  
       SUMMARY  
       [0004]     The invention is based on the objective of creating a camshaft adjuster, which is economical to run.  
         [0005]     According to the invention, the problem is solved by the features of the independent claim  1 . Through the separate formation of adjusting motor and adjusting gear mechanism, the adjusting motor can be completely pre-assembled and installed or replaced in a simple way due to the disengaging coupling. Because the coupling is free from rotational backlash, its operation is guaranteed to exhibit low wear and low noise.  
         [0006]     The arrangement according to the invention of a disengaging coupling between the adjusting gear mechanism and adjusting motor is independent of the type of adjusting motor. Especially preferred is the electric adjusting motor. In contrast with a hydraulic motor, the electric motor has the advantage of functioning independent of the engine speed of the internal-combustion engine and thus it also functions when the internal-combustion engine is stopped. In addition, the oil viscosity has no effect on its function. In contrast with a pneumatic motor, the electric adjusting motor has the advantage, in the normal case, of an already existing power supply and uncomplicated control.  
         [0007]     Manufacturing and thus cost advantages are provided when the coupling has two parts that can be joined together, of which one is rotationally fixed to the adjusting motor shaft and the other is rotationally fixed to the adjusting shaft.  
         [0008]     A simple assembly of the adjusting motor is achieved in that one of the two parts is formed as an outer part and the other is formed as an inner part, wherein the two parts can be inserted one into the other in a play-free way.  
         [0009]     An advantageous improvement of the invention is provided in that the coupling is formed as a profiled shaft coupling, preferably as a two-side shaft coupling, which has two coupling surfaces on each outer part and two coupling surfaces on each inner part, wherein preferably the latter has rotational backlash-reducing means. The proven two-side shaft coupling offers sufficient room for mounting torque-transferring and rotational backlash-reducing means. As couplings, feather key and profiled shaft couplings, such as polygonal, toothed, wedge, and multi-edge shaft couplings, are also possible. Also, a shaft milled on one side with a corresponding counter piece (similar to the two-side shaft but with only one straight surface) is likewise conceivable. The mounting of the rotational backlash-reducing means on the inner part offers assembly and structural space advantages in comparison with mounting these means on the outer part, which is also possible.  
         [0010]     A conventional solution can be seen in that as rotational backlash-reducing means, a minimal, tightly toleranced play is provided between the coupling surfaces of the inner and outer parts. The resulting necessary manufacturing precision requires corresponding construction expense.  
         [0011]     A more economical solution is provided in that as rotational backlash-reducing means, biased metal or plastic springs are provided, which bridge the play between the coupling surfaces. Due to the biasing of the springs and their sufficient spring path, the play between the coupling surfaces and its tolerance can be selected relatively large, whereby the construction expense is reduced accordingly.  
         [0012]     It is advantageous that the metal springs are formed as flat bending or plate springs and the plastic springs are formed preferably as polymer bands or polymer O-rings and arranged preferably in grooves or in a circular groove of the coupling surfaces of the inner part. The mounting of the polymer springs in annular grooves of the coupling surfaces of the inner part simplifies above all the assembly of the polymer band and the polymer O-ring, which are arranged there so that they are secure from becoming lost.  
         [0013]     The spring and assembly forces required for torque transfer and rotational backlash reduction are relatively low, because the torque to be transferred, less than 1 Nm, is relatively minimal, so that no relative rotation of the electric motor and the adjusting shaft occurs for the corresponding spring stiffness. The springs can also compensate for small alignment errors of these shafts. There are advantages when the flat bending or plate springs are formed as one-piece spring clasps, which preferably clip onto corners of the inner part. In this way, pairs of the flat bending or plate springs form one unit, which is fixed on the inner part so that it is secure from becoming lost and thus simplifies the assembly of the adjusting motor.  
         [0014]     One advantageous configuration of the invention is provided in that the coupling is formed as a tubular shaft coupling, with a hollow cylindrical outer part and a coaxial, cylindrical inner part, which is arranged with play in the outer part and which preferably has rotational backlash-reducing means. The two parts are formed as turned parts, which are simple and economical to produce. Likewise, it is advantageous if as rotational backlash-reducing means an elastically deformable, preferably metal tolerance ring is provided, which is arranged in a radial groove, preferably on the periphery of the coaxial, cylindrical inner part, and which extends past this part by a certain extent in the radial direction. In principle, the tolerance ring could also be arranged on the inner periphery of the outer part, but the arrangement according to the invention is more assembly-friendly.  
         [0015]     Due to the projection of the tolerance sleeve, in the assembly, a spring-elastic deformation of the same is produced, which leads to a frictional connection between the inner and outer parts. In the selection of the projection, it must be taken into account that the torque of the adjusting motor can be transferred without essentially preventing the axial movement of the inner and outer parts relative to each other and thus expansion due to heat. The tolerance ring is also conceivable as a polymer ring.  
         [0016]     Through one advantageous configuration of the invention, it is achieved that at least one locking ball or one preferably cylindrical locking pin with a conical end is provided as rotational backlash-reducing means, which are guided in radial bore holes or through holes, preferably of the coaxial, cylindrical inner part with play and which can be displaced into other radial bore holes of smaller diameter, aligned with the bore holes mentioned above, in the hollow cylindrical outer part under the force of a compression or through spring by a measure limited by the smaller diameter. Instead of the one locking element, advantageously there can also be two or more locking balls or cylindrical locking pins. These could also be arranged in the outer part and engage radially in a corresponding bore hole of the inner part. As an alternative to the cylindrical pins, pins, for example, with square or rectangular or also any other cross section can also be used. In this variant, small alignment errors between the adjusting motor shaft and adjusting shaft can also be compensated. The through hole has the advantage of simpler production and a uniform application of pressure on the locking balls or locking pins in comparison with the two radial bore holes, which are replaced by this through hole.  
         [0017]     Through corresponding design of the spring force of the compression or through springs and/or the cone angle of the cylindrical pins, the transferable torque of the tubular coupling can be limited. This then acts as a safety coupling, in that for an overload, the locking balls or the cylindrical locking pins are displaced from the bore holes in the outer part against the relatively small spring forces and thus the two shafts are disengaged. For axial movement of the tubular shaft coupling equipped with locking balls or with cylindrical locking pins, it is necessary that the other radial bore holes are formed as elongated holes aligned in the axial direction.  
         [0018]     It is advantageous when the coupling is formed as a clutch coupling, whose two parts have axial claws, which are arranged at the same diameter and which engage in each other, wherein between the claws, there are distances, which are bridged by tooth elements of an elastic, biased polymer collar in a rotational backlash-free way. The clutch coupling also enables the equalization of a small axis offset due to the elasticity of the polymer collar. In addition, it acts as a vibration damper.  
         [0019]     Another advantageous coupling is formed as a profiled shaft coupling, preferably a toothed shaft coupling, whose inner and outer part, especially whose internal and external gearing, is formed from elastic plastic. In view of the relatively low torque to be transferred, many kinds of couplings, for example, polygonal or multi-edge shaft couplings, are suitable for half-side formation in plastic. The toothed shaft coupling is distinguished by especially simple assembly. Due to the elastic plastic toothed collar, it also enables the compensation of slight axis offset. Likewise, it acts as a vibration damper due to the intrinsic damping of the plastic.  
         [0020]     For economical production and compact construction, it is advantageous that the internal or external gearing composed of plastic is molded directly onto corresponding parts of the toothed shaft coupling or onto a correspondingly formed metallic intermediate bushing and that the intermediate bushing is connected to the toothed shaft coupling, preferably through a force-fit connection.  
         [0021]     An advantageous configuration of the invention is provided in that the coupling is formed as a magnetic shaft coupling, whose two parts have opposing permanent magnets, which transfer the driving moment of the adjusting motor through magnetic forces in a contact-less and rotational backlash-free way from the adjusting motor shaft to the adjusting shaft. The permanent magnets can be produced from ferrite or rare-earth material, such as samarium cobalt or neodymium iron boron. Due to the minimal torque to be transferred from the adjusting motor shaft to the adjusting shaft, this is entrained by the magnetic force approximately synchronously, that is, in a rotational backlash-free way. This coupling can also be formed as a safety coupling, which slips if there is an overload. Because the coupling is a contact-less coupling, the torque is transferred with reduced vibration. In addition, a small axis offset can also be compensated.  
         [0022]     It is advantageous when the permanent magnets are arranged preferably in the axial direction and between them there is a non-magnetic membrane with two-sided play, which closes the adjusting motor in an oil-tight way. In an axial arrangement of the magnets, it must be taken into account that their maximum distance permitted for the transfer of the torque is not exceeded. On the other hand, the permanent magnets may not touch the membrane. In contrast, the similarly possible radial arrangement of the magnets is for the most part not sensitive to axial displacement, but the formation of a membrane between these permanent magnets is more difficult.  
     
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0023]     Additional features of the invention emerge from the following description and the associated drawings, in which embodiments of the invention are shown schematically. Shown are:  
         [0024]      FIG. 1 a  camshaft adjuster with separate electrical adjusting motor and adjusting gear mechanism, which are connected by a two-side shaft coupling so that they can be disengaged from each other;  
         [0025]      FIG. 2 a  two-side shaft coupling according to detail X from  FIG. 1  in cross section;  
         [0026]      FIG. 3 a  longitudinal section through the two-side shaft coupling from  FIG. 2 ;  
         [0027]      FIG. 4 a  longitudinal section through a two-side shaft coupling similar to  FIG. 3 , but with torque-transferring and rotational backlash-reducing metal springs;  
         [0028]      FIG. 5 a  cross section through the two-side shaft coupling from  FIG. 4 ;  
         [0029]      FIG. 6 a  cross section through a two-side shaft coupling similar to  FIG. 5 , but with one-piece spring clasps;  
         [0030]      FIG. 7 a  longitudinal section through a two-side shaft coupling similar to  FIG. 4 , but with a flat band as a polymer spring;  
         [0031]      FIG. 8 a  longitudinal section through a two-side shaft coupling similar to  FIG. 7 , but with an O-ring as a polymer spring;  
         [0032]      FIG. 9 a  cross section X-X through the two-side shaft coupling from  FIGS. 7 and 8 ;  
         [0033]      FIG. 10 a  cross section through a tubular shaft coupling with two opposing, spring-loaded locking balls in separate radial bore holes of a coaxial, cylindrical inner part;  
         [0034]      FIG. 11 a  cross section through a tubular shaft coupling similar to  FIG. 10 , but with a radial through hole, in which a passage spring is arranged for the two locking balls;  
         [0035]      FIG. 12 a  cross section through a tubular shaft coupling similar to  FIG. 10 , but with two cylindrical locking pins instead of the two locking balls;  
         [0036]      FIG. 13 a  cross section through a tubular shaft coupling similar to  FIG. 11 , but with two cylindrical locking pins instead of the two locking balls;  
         [0037]      FIG. 14 a  longitudinal section through a tubular shaft coupling with a cylindrical inner part, which has on its outer periphery an annular groove, in which an elastically deformable metal tolerance ring is located;  
         [0038]      FIG. 15 a  partial longitudinal section through a clutch coupling;  
         [0039]      FIG. 16  an axial view of the clutch coupling from  FIG. 15 ;  
         [0040]      FIG. 17 a  view of an elastomer collar of the clutch coupling from  FIGS. 15 and 16 ;  
         [0041]      FIG. 18  an axial view of an outer part of a toothed shaft coupling with plastic internal gearing;  
         [0042]      FIG. 19 a  partial longitudinal section of the outer part from  FIG. 18  with plastic internal gearing;  
         [0043]      FIG. 20  an axial view of an inner part with metal external gearing fitted to the outer part of  FIGS. 18 and 19 ;  
         [0044]      FIG. 21 a  side view of the inner part from  FIG. 20 ;  
         [0045]      FIG. 22 a  longitudinal section through a camshaft adjuster similar to  FIG. 1 , but with a magnetic shaft coupling instead of the two-side shaft coupling. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
       [0046]     In  FIG. 1 , an electrical camshaft adjuster  1  is shown, with an adjusting gear mechanism  2  and an electrical adjusting motor  3  which are formed as separate units and can be connected by a coupling so that they can be disengaged from each other.  
         [0047]     The adjusting gear mechanism  2  is a three-shaft gear mechanism, which exhibits a high transmission (transmission range from 1:30 to 1:250) and a high efficiency as an eccentric gear mechanism. The adjusting gear mechanism  2  has a drive shaft and a driven shaft, as well as an adjusting shaft  9 . The drive shaft is formed as a chain wheel  5  and is rotationally fixed to a not shown crankshaft by means of a similarly not shown chain. The driven shaft is configured as a closing wall  6 , which is rotationally fixed to a camshaft  8  by means of a tension screw  7 . The adjusting shaft  9  is formed as an eccentric shaft, which is connected to an adjusting motor shaft  10  in a practically rotational backlash-free manner, but so that it can move in the axial direction, via a two-side shaft coupling  4 . The adjusting shaft  9  is used for driving two spur pinions  11 ,  12 , which mesh with internal gearing  13  of the chain wheel  5  and transfer the adjusting moment via pins  14  and via the closing wall  6  to the camshaft  8 . The electrical adjusting motor  3  has a stator  15 , which is fixed to the cylinder head  16 , and a permanent magnet rotor  17 , which turns with the camshaft  8 .  
         [0048]     In  FIGS. 2 and 3 , the two-side shaft coupling  4  designated as detail X from  FIG. 1  is shown enlarged in a cross section and a longitudinal section view. An inner part  18  of the two-side shaft coupling  4  is formed integrally with the adjusting motor shaft  10 , and an outer part  19  is formed integrally with the adjusting shaft  9 . Both parts  18 ,  19  each have identical coupling surfaces  20 ,  21 , between which the minimal play required for axial displacement (heat expansion, assembly) is provided. In this way, a minimal rotational backlash is also achieved, which is important for the durability and low-noise operation of the two-side shaft coupling  4 , on which changing moments are applied. However, the manufacturing expense required for the minimal backlash and tolerances on both parts  18 ,  19  is considerable.  
         [0049]     This disadvantage is countered by a two-side shaft coupling  4 ′ shown in a longitudinal section and cross section in  FIGS. 4 and 5 . Here, a groove  22 , in which a flat bending or a plate spring  23  is inserted with biasing, is provided in the coupling surfaces  20 ′ of each of the inner parts  18 ′. The springs  23  bridge the now permitted, relatively large play between the inner and outer parts  18 ′,  19 ′ through the biasing and the spring path and take over the transfer of the torque of the adjusting motor  3 . Because this torque, at &lt;1 Nm, is relatively small, the necessary spring and assembly forces are also small and there is no rotation between the adjusting shaft and adjusting motor shaft  9 ,  10  for the corresponding spring stiffness. Because the torque of the adjusting motor  3  is now transferred via the springs  23 , the coupling surfaces  20 ′,  21 ′ do not contact the parts  18 ′,  19 ′. The springs  23 , in connection with the relatively large play between the coupling surfaces  20 ′,  21 ′, are in the position to compensate for small axis offsets between the adjusting shaft and the adjusting motor shaft  9 ,  10 .  
         [0050]      FIG. 6  shows a coupling  4 ′ as a variant to  FIGS. 4 and 5 , for which the two springs  23  and the grooves  22  of the inner part  18 ′ are joined by a spring clip part  24  into a one-piece spring clasp  25 , which locks onto corners  26  of the inner part  18 ′ in a way such that it cannot be lost. This loss safety means a considerable simplification in terms of assembly.  
         [0051]     In  FIGS. 7 and 8 , a two-side shaft coupling  4 ″ is shown in a longitudinal section and in  FIG. 9  in a cross section, for which, instead of the flat bending springs or plate springs  23 , a polymer band  26  or a polymer O-ring  29  are provided. These are mounted in a circular groove  30 ,  31  of the inner parts  18 ′ to their coupling surfaces  20 ′ so that they project beyond the surfaces, so that in the installed state, they have biasing. Therefore, the play, which is also large for this variant, between the coupling surfaces  20 ′,  21 ′, is bridged between the inner and outer parts  18 ′,  19 ′, without these parts coming in contact. Here, the relatively low torque of the adjusting motor  3  is also transferred without relative rotation of the inner and outer parts  18 ′,  19 ′ based on the corresponding stiffness of the polymer band  28  and the polymer O-ring  29 .  
         [0052]     In  FIG. 9 , the circular groove  30 ,  31  can be recognized in the inner part  18 ′ with the polymer band  28  and the polymer O-ring  29 , which produce an optimum bridging of play between the inner parts  18 ′ and the outer parts  19 ′ of the coupling  4 ″.  
         [0053]     FIGS.  10  to  13  show cross sections through a tubular shaft coupling  32  with a hollow cylindrical outer part  33  and a coaxial, cylindrical inner part  34 , which is arranged with play in the hollow cylindrical outer part  33 .  
         [0054]     In the cylindrical inner part  34  of  FIG. 10 , there are two identical, aligned radial bore holes  35 , which extend from its periphery and in which a compression spring  36  is arranged. These springs each act on a locking ball  37 , which are guided in the radial bore holes  35  with clearance and displace these balls into another radial bore hole  38  in the outer part  33 . The other radial bore holes  38  are aligned in a certain rotational position of the cylindrical inner part  34  with the radial bore holes  35 . Due to a certain, minimal diameter of the other radial bore holes  38  in relation to the radial bore holes  35 , the locking balls  37  penetrate only up to a certain depth into the other radial bore hole  38 , which is sufficient for transferring the torque of the adjusting motor  3 . Here, the locking balls are supported on an outer edge  43  of the other radial bore hole  38 . Through selection of the diameter of the other radial bore hole  38 , the magnitude of the transferable torque can be defined. In this way, the tubular shaft coupling  32  becomes a safety coupling.  
         [0055]     In  FIG. 11 , the two radial bore holes  35  are replaced by a through hole  39  with a through spring  40 . This solution, in comparison with that from  FIG. 10 , has the advantage of minimal construction expense and uniform pressure loading of the two locking balls  37 , which permits a more precise fixing of the transferable torque.  
         [0056]     The structure of the tubular shaft couplings  32  of  FIGS. 12 and 13  corresponds to that of  FIGS. 10 and 11 . The difference is in the use of cylindrical locking pins  41  instead of locking balls  37 , with conical ends  42 , which project by means of the pressure force of the compression springs  36 ′ or the through spring  40 ′, in the through hole  39  into other radial bore holes  38 ′ and are supported on their outer edges  43 ′. In this variant, the transferable torque can be limited by the size of the cone angle of the conical ends  42 . Therefore, this tubular shaft coupling  32  can also be used as a safety coupling.  
         [0057]     In  FIG. 14 , a tubular shaft coupling  32 ′ is shown as another coupling variant. Here, a non-positive moment transfer between a cylindrical inner part  34 ′ and a hollow cylindrical outer part  33 ′ is achieved through a metallic tolerance ring  44 , which is arranged in a radial groove  45  and which is elastically deformable. The tolerance ring  44  projects past the radial groove  45  by a certain extent, which defines the elastic deformation and the dependent force-fit connection.  
         [0058]     In  FIG. 15 , a partial cross section through a clutch coupling  46  with claws  47 ,  48  is shown. These are rotationally fixed on the free ends of the adjusting shaft and adjusting motor shaft  9 ,  10  at the same diameter. They engage in each other with distances, which are bridged in a rotational backlash-free way by an elastic, biased polymer collar  49  with tooth elements  50  shown in  FIG. 17 .  
         [0059]      FIG. 16  shows an axial view of the clutch coupling  46 , in which eight claws  47  and  48 , as well as the polymer collar  49  with eight tooth segments  50 , are shown with dashed lines. The clutch coupling  46  compensates for small alignment errors between the adjusting shaft and the adjusting motor shaft  9 ,  10 , and also permits a small axial displacement between the same.  
         [0060]     In  FIG. 18 , an axial view of an outer part  55  of a toothed shaft coupling with internal gearing  56  made from elastic plastic is shown.  FIG. 19  shows a partial longitudinal section of the outer part  55  of  FIG. 18 . The internal gearing  56  is molded into a radial groove  57  of an intermediate bushing  58 . In the radial projection, behind each tooth  59  there is a radial bore hole  60 , which is filled with plastic and is sealed by a rivet head-like cover  61 . The plastic located in the radial bore hole  60  increases the transferable torque of the internal gearing  56 . The intermediate bushing  58  can be used as part of the adjusting shaft  9  or the adjusting motor shaft  10  or can be pressed into these parts.  
         [0061]      FIGS. 20 and 21  show a metal inner part  62  with external gearing  63 , which have external teeth  64 . These are narrower than the plastic internal teeth  59 , because they have a higher strength. Correspondingly, the internal teeth gaps  65  are narrower than the external teeth gaps  66 . In principle, the external gearing  63  could also be formed in plastic. However, internal gearing  56  is also possible due to the possibly greater material volume.  
         [0062]      FIG. 22  shows a camshaft adjuster  1 ′, whose adjusting shaft  9  is connected in a contact-less and rotational backlash-free way to the adjusting motor shaft  10 ′ by a permanent magnet shaft coupling  51 . Permanent magnets  52 ,  53  are fixed to the free ends of the adjusting shaft and the adjusting motor shaft  9 ,  10 ′. Between these magnets, there is a non-magnetic membrane  54 , which closes the adjusting motor  3  in an oil-tight way. In this way, the adjusting motor  3  is hermetically sealed without friction-generating sealing elements.  
       LIST OF REFERENCE SYMBOLS  
       [0000]    
       
           1 ,  1 ′ Camshaft adjuster  
           2  Adjusting gear mechanism  
           3  Electrical adjusting motor  
           4 ,  4 ′,  4 ″ Two-side shaft coupling  
           5  Chain wheel  
           6  Closing wall  
           7  Tension screw  
           8  Camshaft  
           9  Adjusting shaft  
           10 ,  10 ′ Adjusting motor shaft  
           11  Spur pinion  
           12  Spur pinion  
           13  Internal gearing  
           14  Pin  
           15  Stator  
           16  Cylinder head  
           17  Permanent magnet rotor  
           18 ,  18 ′ Inner part  
           19 ,  19 ′ Outer part  
           20 ,  20 ′ Coupling surface  
           21 ,  21 ′ Coupling surface  
           22  Groove  
           23  Flat bending or plate spring  
           24  Spring clip  
           25  Spring clasp  
           26  Corner.  
           27  Transverse groove  
           28  Polymer band  
           29  Polymer O-ring  
           30  Circular groove  
           31  Circular groove  
           32 ,  32 ′ Tubular shaft coupling  
           33 ,  33 ′ Hollow cylindrical outer part  
           34 ,  34 ′ Coaxial, cylindrical inner part  
           35  Radial bore hole  
           36 ,  36 ′ Compression spring  
           37  Locking ball  
           38 ,  38 ′ Other radial bore hole  
           39  Through hole  
           40 ,  40 ′ Through spring  
           41  Cylindrical locking pin  
           42  Conical end  
           43 ,  43 ′ Outlet edge  
           44  Tolerance ring  
           45  Radial groove  
           46  Clutch coupling  
           47  Claw  
           48  Claw  
           49  Polymer collar  
           50  Tooth element  
           51  Permanent magnet shaft coupling  
           52  Permanent magnet  
           53  Permanent magnet  
           54  Membrane  
           55  Outer part  
           56  Internal gearing  
           57  Radial groove  
           58  Intermediate bushing  
           59  Internal tooth  
           60  Radial bore hole  
           61  Cover  
           62  Inner part  
           63  External gearing  
           64  External tooth  
           65  Internal teeth gaps  
           66  External teeth gaps