Abstract:
A natural Extract from whole Fruit of Banana ( Musa  Spp.), (including edible portion and peel), whether unripe or ripe, containing mainly natural Melatonin, Serotonin, Catecholamines and its precursors; amino acids tryptophan and tyrosine; minerals potassium, magnesium, phosphorous and antioxidants. The extract contains very minimal or no carbohydrates.

Description:
BACKGROUND 
     Banana is the common name for the fruit of herbaceous plant of the family  Musaceae  and genus  Musa . They are native to the tropical region of Southeast Asia. Bananas are mostly cultivated for the fruit and to also for fiber and ornamental use. 
     About 170 countries produce bananas in the world. In the developing world banana are considered as staple food. It provides instant energy, rich source of fiber, minerals and vitamins. It has about 200 volatile components which include phyto-nutrients, sterols and fatty acids. 
     Bananas along with a glass of whole milk are considered as staple food and provide the entire nutrient requirement for the body. This is considered as most preferred diet for dieters. Being rich source of neurotransmitter and its precursors, it provides instant mood elevation. Potassium rich bananas are good for hypertensive people. This is the only fruit considered very safe from infants to the old ago people. 
     Traditionally it is considered good for any gastric irritations, ulcers, constipation. Its starch provides a protective layer in the stomach while its non-digestible fiber is good for cholesterol lowering and constipation. Native Africans use inner part of banana peel for insect bites and skin problems. In Ayurveda they suggest eating of banana peel for diabetics as it is good source of potassium, but do not contain sugars which are more in the edible portion. 
     Ancient uses and recent studies have shown that bananas have good antioxidant properties and correcting electrolyte imbalance. 
     Drugs used for antidepressant and anti-anxiety treatment mainly falls into two classes i.e. Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) and Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors/serotonin-specific reuptake inhibitor (SSRIs). These drugs work by inhibiting the reuptake of the neurotransmitters serotonin and norepinephrine. This results in an increase in the extracellular concentrations of serotonin and norepinephrine and therefore an increase in neurotransmission. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     For the convenierlhe of readers it is understood that wherever the word ‘extract’ mentioned in the context of invention, it refers to the extract claimed under this invention. Wherever the word ‘inventor’ is mentioned in the) context of this invention, it refers to the inventor named in this patent application. 
     All the traditional uses and latest inventions have used either edible portion of banana or peel for separation of flavonoids, phenols and volatile compounds. Inventor himself applied for patents earlier for separation of natural potassium from bananas. 
     Inventor&#39;s search on literature has revealed mainly powders, puree, syrups and juices of banana. Banana Powers contains carbohydrates more than 80%. Banana puree is mainly made out of edible portion of banana and used for infant food and deserts. Banana juice is mainly made of edible portion of banana and contains natural sugars. There are some research articles on preparation of banana wine by using enzymatic process and converting sugars into alcohol by using yeast fermentation. Banana lectins are being used mainly for research purpose. Banana essence is being isolated from peels of banana, which is mainly as food additive and fragrance. Insoluble banana fiber, banana starch and banana pectin is being isolated and being used different industrial purposes. 
     Present invention is for whole fruit extract of banana, which includes edible portion of fruit and peel, with physical treatment, enzymatic process and resin treatment. This innovation is for separation of Nitrogen containing molecules like, but not limited to, amino acids, proteins, glyco-proteins, neurotransmitters and its precursors, minerals. This extract is characterized by very minimal or not containing simple sugars and fiber. 
     Innovation and novelty is specific extraction whole banana fruit which mainly containing neurotransmitter, minerals and Nitrogen containing molecules like amino acids, proteins, glyco-proteins and antioxidants. This pure and specific extract of banana is effective for human consumption at as little as 100 mg per dose, as this extract&#39;s bioavailability of above nutrients is higher compared to eating whole banina and nontoxic at even 1,000 mg per dose. 
     Besides providing extract with good antioxidant properties, inventor has taken care of retaining natural Norepinephrine and Epinephrine in the extract which is known for increasing body thermogenesis and energy expenditure by burning body fat. Norepinephrine and epinephrine are the constituents in the Green Tea which are believed to have fat burning capability. Dopamine also retained in the extract. Dopamine is known for mood elevation and for erectile dysfunction. Combination of dopamine and norepinephrine are know to increase the energy levels of the body, by increasing the respiration at mitochondria level and also causing mood elevation and motivation. Another surprising result the inventor has found is, this extract is causing thermogenesis whereby it improves cold adoption and subjects are able to withstand for sudden cold exposure. 
     As far as the information available to the inventor at this time, it is not known to the art to extract whole banana fruit extract which is rich in catecholarnines, antioxidants, minerals and micronutrients which are good for model elevation, destressing properties, has considerable antioxidant properties, takes care of sleeping disorders and burns body fat by increasing thermogenesis. This extract can be provided for usage in simple pill form which provides goodness of peel and edible portion. Thus, this invention provides a natural remedy for all the above human sufferings by a single natural extract without need to load the body with excess sugars, carbohydrates and fibers. 
     Human body maintains levels of dopamine, servionin, norepinephrine in the brain through blood-brain-barrier (BBB) function. For example, intake of dopamine is converted into L-Dopa, then transported into brain, then reconverted into dopamine. With this BBB function, human body avoids any excess inflow of neurotransmitters into brain. Instead of interfering with the body&#39;s natural function, like SSRI and SNRI, it is advised in wholistic and traditional medicine that you provide what is required by the body and it knows how to regular the system. This extract provides that natural relief without interfering with the body natural functions. 
     This extract provides the similar result like antidepressants i.e. increasing levels of neurotransmitters naturally in the body whereby providing similar effect as SSRIs and SNRis naturally. This extract is water soluble; hence body will utilize required neurotransmitters and eliminates the excess through excretion. Oral and cytotoxicity tests conducted has shown that the extract is safe even at higher doses. 
     It is also understood that a standardized extract with particular level of minerals or neurotransmitters can be made from this extract or natural neurotransmitters can be isolated and standardized from this process or extract. It is understood and claimed that this kind of standardization falls under scope of this invention. 
     It is well known that about 30% of the banana produce get wasted in the processing and transporting anywhere in the world. Some of it goes as feed to animals, but most do not. This invention provides a scope to banana farmers to process damaged bananas into a value added product, which will have national and international importance. 
     Process propose in the claims differs mainly in 3 aspects i.e. having minimal or no simple sugars, having minimal or no insoluble fiber, having higher percentage of neurotransmitters (w/w) when converted into powder foam. These three additional features together make the claimed extract as novel and innovative. 
     Inventor himself filed an earlier patent for saturation of body stores with natural potassium extracted from bananas. This earlier patent has been abandoned now, as present invention supersedes the benefits of earlier invention in many ways. 
     It is also known and understood that proposed treatment with charged ion exchange resins is being used in juices/syrups/puree manufacturing for clarification of juices/syrups/puree and removing minerals, proteins etc. But constituents which collected into resin never lied been used for purpose discussed or claimed in this invention. It may be understood that because only edible portion of banana is used for making juices/syrups/puree. Constituents recovered from resins in juices/syrups/puree manufacturing industry also falls under the scope of this invention even though those are recovered only from edible portion of the fruit or whole fruit. 
     Patent References 
     
         
         
           
             1. U.S. Pat. No. 5,989,551 Banana peel extract composition and method for extraction 
             2. U.S. Pat. No. 4,273,792 Banana Processing 
             3. U.S. Pat. No. 4,874,617 Banana Processing 
             4. U.S. Pat. No. 3,974,301 Dehydrated banana product 
             5. U.S. Pat. No. 4,921,709 Banana peel processing 
             6. U.S. Pat. No. 6,013,260 Banana peel extract composition and method for extraction for TOPICAL MEDICINE 
             7. U.S. Pat. No. 6,753,019 Food supplement 
             8. U.S. Pat. No. 7,098,029 Product and method for control of obesity 
             9. U.S. Pat. No. 5,470,879—Treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes 
             10. U.S. RE34237 Banana processing
 
Non-Patent References
 
             1. The antioxidant activity of flavonoids from banana ( Musa paradisiaca ) was studied in rats fed normal as well as high fat diets. Concentrations of peroxidation products namely malondialdehyde, hydroperoxides and conjugated diens were significantly decreased whereas the activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase were enhanced significantly. Concentrations of glutathione were also elevated in the treated animals. (Antioxidant activity of banana flavonoids S. Vijayakumar et al./Fitoterapia 79 (2008) 279-282) 
             2. Over 150 volatile compounds have been identified in bananas by various investigators. Most of the corn vents are aliphatic esters, alcohols, and carbonyls. (BIOGENESIS OF BANANA VOLATILES J. Ager. FoodChem., Vol. 21, No. 4, 1973) 
             3. Banana ( Musa acuminata , cv Dwarf Cavendish) proteins were extracted from pulp tissue at different stages of ripening and analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis. The results provide evidence of differential protein accumulation during ripening. Two sets of polypeptides have been detected that increase substantially in ripe fruit. These polypeptides were characterized as glycoproteins by western blotting and concanavalin A binding assays. (Differential Protein Accumulation in Banana Fruit during Ripening, Plant Physiol. (1992) 98, 57-162) 
             4. The present study revealed that banana contained a strong antioxidant, dopamine, in large amounts. the antioxidative potency of dopamine was greater than that of BHA, BHT, flavonoids, glutathione, and catechin, and similar to that of the strong antioxidants gallocatechin gallate and ascorbic acid. (Banana Antioxidant  J. Agric, Food Chem ., Vol. 48, No. 3, 2000) 
             5. Dopamine has been found to protect against intestinal mucosal injury by modulating eicosanoid synthesis (MacNaughton and Wallace, 1989; Alanko et al, 1992). 
             6. The results of this screening showed that the pulp of underripe and ripe yellow banana contains 5-hydrokytryptamine at concentrations of 31.4 and 18.5 ng/g, respectively. The average amounts of melatonin in 100 g of fruit or vegetable tissue were as follows: banana, 47 ng. (Melatonin, Serotonin, and Tryptamine in Some Egyptian Food and Medicinal Plants, JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL FOOD Volume 5, Number 3, 2002) 
             7. The Presence of relatively large quantities of mannose-specific jacalin-related lectins in ripe banana and plantain fruits raises the question of the physiological role of these ruite-associated biological active proteins. (Banana and Plantain fruit lectins , Planta (2000) 211:546-554) 
             8. Dopamine had a faster radical-scavenging rate than catechin and was similar to gallocatechin gallate. Ascorbic acid is the strongest water-soluble antioxidant. Dopamine exhibited similar activity to ascorbic acid. Based on ripening stage bananas contain 8-118 mg/100 g of Peel and 0.8-2.10 mg/100 g of Pulp. (High Content of Dopamine, a Strong Antioxidant, in Cavendish Banana  J. Agric. Food Chem.  2000, 48, 844-848) 
             9. the researchers found that the green tea group burned 35 percent more fat than the group not taking it. Measures of norepinephrine also went up 37 percent! Green tea is thought to work by preventing the breakdown of norepinephrine in the body, which results in higher levels of uorepinephrine available to do its fat-burning work. (http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi m0KFY/is 4 20/ai 98464596/pg 2/) 
             10. Catecholamine hormones such as norepinephrine and epinephrine can increase therogenesis and lipolysis, ding to increase energy expenditure and decreased fat stores. (The Role of Tea in Weight Management) 
             11. Nerve cells in the three critical neurotransmitter systems (dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine) in the total represent less than 1 of these systems can result in marked dysregulation of the brain, and at -times, in catastrpic psychiatric symptoms. At other times, the impact is greater and more long-lasting, but it is also subject to eventual spontaneous remission, as is the case in some types of major depression. (Handbook of clinical psychopharmacology for therapists By John Preston, John H. O&#39;Neal, Mary C. Talaga)