Abstract:
An electro-mechanical lock on the coin vault of a parking device is controlled by the electronic components of the parking meter. Combining the electro-mechanical lock with a standard mechanical lock provides additional security in that two devices must be employed to open the meter. This provides greater security for coin collection without the need to provide separate circuitry to control the lock. Additionally, the electro-mechanical lock can be triggered by a smart card which also triggers an audit of the meters activity, providing an audit trail for coin collection.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION  
         [0001]    This application claims priority from 60/102,057, filed Sep. 9, 1998, and from 60/092,490, filed Jul. 8, 1998, which are hereby incorporated by reference.  
         BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0002]    The present invention relates to electronic parking meters and other parking devices, and to securing them from vandalism and theft.  
           [0003]    Background: Security from Vandals in Parking Devices  
           [0004]    Parking devices generally receive payment (e.g., coins, tokens, or more recently, electronic payment cards) and, in response, indicate the length of time a vehicle is allowed to remain in a given parking space. There are generally two types of parking devices: parking meters and central parking collectors.  
           [0005]    Parking meters, as the terminology is used in this application, are designed to be placed adjacent to one or more parking spaces and will only accommodate a small number of vehicles. Parking meters can be placed adjacent to each parking space, shared between two adjacent parking spaces, or, where two rows of parked cars face each other, one meter may serve a maximum of four vehicles.  
           [0006]    Central parking collectors, on the other hand, are designed for situations where one central location may serve a larger number of parking spaces, such as a single machine which handles all the cars in a large lot.  
           [0007]    While these two types of systems differ in many ways (e.g., parking meters are generally battery- or solar-powered, while central parking collectors may have an external power supply), they both share the need to provide a secure area for the collection of money, and to allow only authorized personnel to remove the money.  
           [0008]    Although the use of electronics in parking devices has reduced the need for cash handling by allowing electronic payments, many parking devices still accept cash, so the threat from vandals is a real issue in the design of these products. Meters are designed to withstand battering and prying, but previously thieves could drill out the lock on the vault, thus gaining access to the stored cash. With this in mind, manufacturers have been forced to utilize better, more expensive, locks than would otherwise be used.  
           [0009]    One lock, produced by Medeco, is an electro-mechanical lock, controlled by its own separate electronic circuit and therefore openable only by, e.g. a key in combination with an electronic component, such as a hand-held computer which communicates with the electronics.  
           [0010]    Background: Security from Employee Theft in Parking Devices  
           [0011]    In addition to protecting a meter from vandals, various methods have been employed in the past to protect against employee theft when coins are collected from the meters. The meters are generally emptied by an employee who goes from meter to meter opening them and emptying out any collected coins. With a large number of small coins providing an easily concealable target, and with generally no other persons to monitor the honesty of the collector, many municipalities face the problem of suspecting that large amounts of their revenue from parking meters are being stolen, but not having the means to prove that assertion.  
           [0012]    Electronic Parking Device Auditing/Vault Door Locking System  
           [0013]    The present application discloses the use of an electro-mechanical lock combination on the parking device vault door. This involves the use of a key-controlled lock used in conjunction with an electrically-controlled lock which interfaces with the electronic circuitry of the parking meter itself.  
           [0014]    This application further discloses two levels of security. The device used to control the electrically-controlled lock can be programmed to automatically download the activity of the meter, including the amount of cash collected, at the same time the coins are removed. This provides an audit trail which can be used to detect theft of coins by the personnel who collect from the meters. A lower level of security does not tie an electronic audit to the opening of the vault.  
           [0015]    The disclosed innovations, in various embodiments, provide one or more of the following advantages:  
           [0016]    increased security from vandals removing cash in meter;  
           [0017]    increased detection of employee theft;  
           [0018]    two devices are necessary for opening meter, making the loss or theft of one device less critical to preserving integrity;  
           [0019]    mechanical portion of locks can be less expensive;  
           [0020]    drilling out lock doesn&#39;t open vault;  
           [0021]    no additional internal circuitry necessary to control lock;  
           [0022]    no additional electronics necessary to activate lock;  
           [0023]    operating costs are lower;  
           [0024]    production costs are lower.  
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING  
       [0025]    The disclosed inventions will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, which show important sample embodiments of the invention and which are incorporated in the specification hereof by reference, wherein:  
         [0026]    [0026]FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of the electronic circuitry involved in a parking meter using the disclosed lock.  
         [0027]    [0027]FIGS. 2 a  through  2   d  show back and side views of the preferred embodiment of the electro-mechanical lock combination.  
         [0028]    [0028]FIG. 3 shows an exploded view of the housing of an exemplary parking meter and vault.  
         [0029]    [0029]FIGS. 4 a  and  4   b  show external views of respective embodiments of parking meter vaults and various types of electronic key, while FIG. 4 c  shows a close-up view of the wireless communications used in FIG. 4 b.    
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
       [0030]    The numerous innovative teachings of the present application will be described with particular reference to the presently preferred embodiment. However, it should be understood that this class of embodiments provides only a few examples of the many advantageous uses of the innovative teachings herein. In general, statements made in the specification of the present application do not necessarily delimit any of the various claimed inventions. Moreover, some statements may apply to some inventive features but not to others.  
         [0031]    Overview  
         [0032]    A parking meter (or central parking collector) which uses the disclosed system must have a way to receive and store physical payments received, and the electronic circuitry to control the parking device, i.e., to recognize payments and indicate parking time purchased.  
         [0033]    Electronic payments may be made by smart cards—a stored memory card which is generally the size of a credit card. These cards can contain both stored programming and user data and are becoming more common in various financial transactions. In parking meters, the physical payments will generally be coins, although tokens could also be used, and in central parking collectors, paper money can also be involved. References to coins in the following discussion is assumed to include other physical (non-electronic) forms of payment.  
         [0034]    The portion of the housing which stores the coins is herein referred to as the vault and the opening through which cash may be removed from the device is referred to as the vault door, although both structures may take many shapes and forms. It is further necessary to have a means to communicate with the parking device when an authorized person wants to open the vault door and remove cash from the device.  
         [0035]    [0035]FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a sample electronic parking meter according to the present invention. The meter includes a microcontroller (μC) or microprocessor (μP)  10  (e.g. an  8048  or  8051 ) connected to both a real time clock  12  and a power supply with a battery backup system  14 .  
         [0036]    A type of payment, such as coins or a debit card, is inserted into the meter through the coin or electronic input trigger  11  by the parking space user, or an automatic logging system (similar to the systems presently used to pay toll road fees without stopping) can trigger the purchase of time. The time and amount of the transaction is recorded by the μC or μP  40  in the memory  16  provided in the meter. The meter display  15  informs the user of the amount of time purchased. Communications interface  13  provides a means to change the programming or interrogate the meter regarding its activity. The electro-mechanical lock mechanism  17  is at least partially controlled by the processor  10  in response to input received by the communications interface  13 .  
         [0037]    The system can be used with two levels of security. In a first level, which has the highest security, a system manager programs a communications device to act as the electronic key, i.e. to unlock the electrically-controlled portion of the lock. At the same time, security control information can be entered, e.g., to limit the time during which the communications device is useable, or to limit the number of transactions or locations for which the device may be used, or to provide an employee password which must be entered before use. When the communications device is used to open a meter, the meter is prompted to download the amount of cash that the meter has collected, the meter&#39;s identification, date, time, and the employee&#39;s identification, as well as any other information which is desired. This makes it much harder for employees to successfully pilfer coins as they collect them.  
         [0038]    If this level of security is not needed, the communications device may simply be used to open the electrically-controlled lock without an audit being performed. In either case, once the electrically-controlled portion of the lock is opened, a mechanical key can be used to provide access to the vault.  
         [0039]    Housing and Lock: First Embodiment  
         [0040]    The presently preferred embodiment for a meter which accepts both coins and smart cards is shown in FIG. 4 a.  The external housing  30  of the parking meter includes a mechanism housing  32 , which encloses the working parts of the meter, and a separate vault  34 , enclosing a coin canister, where collected coins are retained after their insertion. A squared vault door  36  is hinged on its lower edge and opens outwardly to provide access to the coin canister. The electro-mechanical lock  38  is provided to hold the vault door in a closed position.  
         [0041]    In the presently preferred embodiment, the electrically-controlled portion of the lock is a solenoid-controlled piston, which in the resting position interferes with the operation of a regular mechanical lock, shown in FIGS. 2 a - d.  FIGS. 2 a - b  are back and side views respectively of the locking mechanism in a locked position. In a normal keyed lock, insertion of the proper key into lock  22  allows the lock mechanism to turn. This moves pin  24 , which pushes the sliding mechanism  26  in and out. In these figures, however, piston  28  is engaged in the sliding mechanism, so that even with the proper key inserted, the slide will not move and the lock mechanism will not turn. The slide remains immobilized even if lock  22  is drilled out, providing an added level of protection.  
         [0042]    In FIGS. 2 c - d,  the back and side views show the same lock as it is in the process of opening. The electronic key has been activated and the solenoid retracts the piston, unblocking the slide mechanism. The lock is now free to turn, which in turn moves the slide and allows the door to open.  
         [0043]    Because of the rectangular shape of the vault door in this embodiment and the subsequent positioning of the lock near the top of the vault, the electro-mechanical lock receives added protection from drilling attempts from the mechanism housing directly above the vault.  
         [0044]    Housing: Alternate Embodiment  
         [0045]    [0045]FIG. 3 is an exploded drawing of the meter housing with vault and lockable vault door. This drawing shows an alternate embodiment of the vault door, wherein the door is held in place by a protrusion on its lower edge which fits inside the vault. In this embodiment, the door must be removed from the meter whenever it is opened.  
         [0046]    Housing: Alternate Embodiment  
         [0047]    In a less preferred embodiment, shown in FIG. 4 b,  the vault  34 ′ has a slightly more rounded shape, while vault door  36 ′ is circular and must be removed from the meter when opened. The location of the lock  38 ′ in the center of the door does not offer the added protection against drilling that the above embodiments do.  
         [0048]    Lock: Alternate Embodiment  
         [0049]    In a less preferable embodiment, the mechanical lock and electro-mechanical locks are completely separate from each other and do not interact with each other.  
         [0050]    Electronic Key—First Embodiment  
         [0051]    Seen in FIG. 4 b  is an example of the communications device which is presently preferred for use in coin-only meters. In this example, a hand-held processor  40  with a keypad  42  and display  44  is attached by a cable  46  to an infrared probe  48 . When the infrared probe is docked into the coin slot, communications with the internal circuitry can be established via IR linkages, shown in close-up in FIG. 4 c.  This type of communications device is already in use to collect data from a meter regarding its usage or to issue citations, so adding protocol to unlock the meter is a matter of programming, rather than adding hardware. Of course, this type of communications is not limited to infrared technology, nor to communications only through the coin slot but can utilize, for example, radio frequency (RF), or other electromagnetic signals, or access the internal circuitry through a smart card slot, or through the window in the housing.  
         [0052]    Electronic Key—Second Embodiment  
         [0053]    An alternate embodiment can be used in meters which accept both coins and electronic payments, such as smart cards. A master smart card acts as the electronic key and is programmed to activate the electrically-controlled lock. This is a lower-cost solution in that it does not require the use of an expensive communications device such as discussed above, but can perform the same functions, including collecting an audit.  
         [0054]    Electronic Key—Alternate Embodiments  
         [0055]    Of course, other types of communications are possible. For example, a probe can be used to make a mechanical connection to circuitry inside either the coin slot or the smart card slot.  
         [0056]    Alternatively, contactless cards are becoming popular in transit application, such as buses and subways, and this type of card could be used in parking meter systems. Since the reader in contactless applications has high power requirements, it could not remain constantly active, as is typical. However, by requiring the user to insert the contactless card into a slot, this action could activate an extremely close range transmitter and receiver within the slot. This would require very little power, as the card would be exactly positioned and very close to the card reading apparatus.  
         [0057]    Further details of some of the various means of communications are discussed further in other patents and applications commonly owned by the assignee of this applications, such as U.S. Pat. No. 5,614,892, issued Mar. 25, 1997 and application U.S. Ser. No. 08/847,428, filed Apr. 24, 1997, both of which are hereby incorporated by reference.  
         [0058]    Modifications and Variations  
         [0059]    As will be recognized by those skilled in the art, the innovative concepts described in the present application can be modified and varied over a tremendous range of applications, and accordingly the scope of patented subject matter is not limited by any of the specific exemplary teachings given.  
         [0060]    In an alternate embodiment, the electro-mechanical lock can take different forms from the disclosed piston and solenoid.  
         [0061]    Alternatively, the vault can be made as one piece with the rest of the parking meter housing, or different shapes and sizes can be used in the design.