Abstract:
A vibration device has a vibration member for exciting vibration by supplying power to the vibration device. A signal supply member for sandwiching the vibration member such that the vibration member can be elastically deformed supplies a driving electric signal to the vibration member.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The present invention relates to a vibration device which uses a vibration of a vibration member to generate vibration force. 
     2. Description of the Related Art 
     In a vibration device, power is supplied to a vibration member while the vibration member is in pressure contact with a contact member, to generate vibration force in the vibration member, so that the vibration member and the contact member are relatively moved. 
     In this case, as a method of connecting a power supply terminal of a conventional vibration member, as disclosed in Japanese Examined Utility Model Publication No. 6-28954, one method is to directly bond a lead line, a flexible printed board, or the like on the vibration member with solder. 
     However, in the above embodiment, since the vibration m ember directly receives heat from the solder, the piezoelectric characteristics of the vibration member are degraded, and satisfactory driving characteristics of a vibration device cannot be obtained. 
     In a method of directly bonding a power supply terminal to a vibration member with solder, the power supply terminal may be disconnected from the solder, or the solder may peel together with an electrode layer of the vibration member. As a result, the power supply terminal may not be in contact with the vibration member. In addition, when solder is bonded at a position where vibration displacement occurs, a desired vibration mode may be blocked, and sufficient driving force may not be obtained. 
     Furthermore, both soldering on the vibration member, and providing leads and connections for the terminal for the vibration member to an external drive circuit are cumbersome operations. For this reason, productivity is considerably degraded. 
     In some vibration devices using a vibration wave, a vibration member having a rectangular shape is vibrated to linearly vibrate a moving member (contact member) which is in contact with the vibration member. Such a vibration device is arranged as shown in FIG. 27, for example. In FIG. 27, reference numeral  271  denotes an elastic member, and reference numeral  272  denotes a piezoelectric element for exciting a vibration of the elastic member  271 . The above vibration member is constituted by the elastic member  271  and the piezoelectric element  272 . 
     Reference numerals  272   a ,  272   b , and  272   c  denote electrode films for applying a voltage signal having a specific frequency to the piezoelectric element  272 . Reference numeral  275  denotes a pressure spring for pressing the mobile member  274  against the elastic member  271  with appropriate force, and reference numeral  277  denotes a bearing for reducing an abrasion resistance between the pressure spring  275  and the mobile member  274 . 
     In the vibration device arranged as described above, when a voltage control circuit applies voltages (indicated by sin and cos in FIG. 27) having specific frequencies and phases which are different by 90° to the electrode films  272   a  and  272   b , the piezoelectric element  272  repeatedly extends and contracts at these frequencies. The extension and contraction of the piezoelectric element  272  excites a longitudinal vibration (e.g., primary mode vibration) and a bending vibration (e.g., quaternary mode vibration) in the elastic member  271 . These vibrations synthesize a standing wave for moving the mobile member  274 . Due to the synthesized standing wave, material points on the surface of the elastic member  271  elliptically move in the same direction. For this reason, when the mobile member  274  is brought into pressure contact with the elastic member  271 , the mobile member  274  is driven by friction between the elastic member  271  and the mobile member  274  in the direction indicated by the arrow in FIG.  27 . Movement extraction members  273   a  and  273   b  amplify the elliptical movement and transmit it to the mobile member  274  arranged on the elastic member  271 . 
     As unit structures of a driving device operate on the basis of the same principle as described above, for example, a structure proposed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2-228266 (see FIG.  28 ( b )) and a structure proposed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 6-261568 (see FIG.  28 ( b )) are known. In these unit structures, the vibration member  281  and the contact portion between the mobile member  284  and the vibration member  281  are covered with a case  286 . 
     However, in both cases shown in FIGS.  28 ( a ) and  28 ( b ), since the pressure spring  285  for pressing the mobile member  284  against the vibration member  281  is attached to the inside of the case  286 , a space for storing the pressure spring  285  must be formed inside the case  286 . For this reason, the case  286  tends to increase in size. 
     The space can be decreased in size by decreasing an amount of deformation by increasing the spring constant of the pressure spring  285 . However, when the spring constant is large, the pressing force greatly changes depending on the amount of deformation of the pressure spring  285 , and it is difficult to properly set the pressing force. 
     Also, a unit in which the pressure spring  285  is stored in the case  286  cannot be easily assembled. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     According to one aspect of the Invention, a power supply member for supplying power to a vibration member is arranged to sandwich the vibration member, so that stable power supply can be performed without soldering. 
     Other aspects of the Invention will be apparent with reference to the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view showing a vibration device according to the first embodiment of the present invention. 
     FIG. 2 is a side view showing a piezoelectric vibration member of the vibration device. 
     FIG. 3 is a view showing a support structure of a power supply member arranged in the case of the vibration device. 
     FIG. 4 is a view showing a state wherein the power supply member and the piezoelectric vibration member of the vibration device are incorporated in the case. 
     FIG. 5 is a view showing a manner of mounting the vibration device. 
     FIGS.  6 ( a ) and  6 ( b ) are views for explaining a piezoelectric effect in the vibration device. 
     FIG. 7 is a side view showing a piezoelectric vibration member of the vibration device. 
     FIG. 8 is a waveform chart showing alternating voltage waves applied to the piezoelectric vibration member of the vibration device. 
     FIGS.  9 ( a ) to  9 ( d ) are views showing the behaviors of the piezoelectric vibration member of the vibration device. 
     FIG. 10 is an exploded perspective view showing a vibration device according to the second embodiment of the present invention. 
     FIG. 11 is an exploded perspective view showing a vibration wave motor according to the third embodiment of the present invention. 
     FIG. 12 is a sectional view showing a vibration member of the vibration wave motor in FIG.  11 . 
     FIG. 13 is a bottom view showing a support state of the vibration member. 
     FIG. 14 is an enlarged view showing the case and guide member of the vibration wave motor. 
     FIG. 15 is an enlarged view showing an engagement state between the case and a pressure spring of the vibration wave motor. 
     FIG. 16 is a side view showing the vibration wave motor. 
     FIG. 17 is a perspective view showing the vibration member and a flexible printed board connected to the vibration member. 
     FIG. 18 is a perspective view showing the vibration member and the flexible printed board connected to the vibration member. 
     FIG. 19 is a perspective view showing the coupling relationship between the vibration wave motor and the flexible printed board. 
     FIG. 20 is a perspective view showing the coupling relationship between the case member and the pressure spring. 
     FIG. 21 is a perspective view showing an assembly state of the vibration wave motor. 
     FIG. 22 is a sectional view showing an assembly state of the vibration wave motor. 
     FIG. 23 is an exploded perspective view showing a vibration wave motor according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention. 
     FIG. 24 is an exploded perspective view showing a vibration wave motor according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention. 
     FIG. 25 is an exploded perspective view showing a vibration wave motor according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention. 
     FIG. 26 is an exploded perspective view showing a vibration wave motor according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention. 
     FIG. 27 is a view for explaining an operation principle of a vibration wave motor. 
     FIGS.  28 ( a ) and ( b ) are sectional views showing arrangements of conventional vibration wave motors. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     (First Embodiment) 
     The vibration device according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Referring to FIG. 1, reference numeral  1  denotes a vibration member. The vibration member  1  is formed in such a manner that a pair of plate-like piezoelectric elements  1   a  and  1   b  are adhered to opposite surfaces of a plate-like elastic member  1   c  consisting of phosphor bronze, brass, or the like by pressing. 
     A conductive material such as nickel, copper, or the like is deposited on both surfaces of the vibration member  1  to form an electrode layer. The electrode layer, as shown in FIG. 2, is divided near a center line which divides the longitudinal length of the vibration member  1  by two, and the divided portions are insulated from each other. In this manner, a total of four electrode portions  1   e  to  1   h  are provided. 
     Terminal portions  1   c - 1  and  1   c - 2  (hidden) which are connected to the ground are arranged on the elastic member  1   c , and these terminal portions  1   c - 1  and  1   c - 2  are formed such that the terminal portions  1   c - 1  and  1   c - 2  are bent and extend downward at a portion which is slightly remote from the root portions of the terminal portions  1   c - 1  and  1   c - 2 . 
     The two terminal portions  1   c - 1  and  1   c - 2  are opposite to each other in the direction of width of the vibration member  1 . The terminal portions  1   c - 1  and  1   c - 2  are positioned near the node portion between the longitudinal vibration and the bending vibration of the vibration member  1 , so that a vibration mode is avoided from being adversely affected. 
     A pair of drivers  2   a ,  2   b  consisting of a phenol resin, epoxy resin, or the like. The pair of drivers  2   a ,  2   b  are attached to the position of a stem of the vibration member to obtain higher driving force. 
     Reference numerals  3   a ,  3   b  denote power supply members consisting of a conductor, such as phosphor bronze, for supplying an electrical signal to the vibration member. Two power supply terminals are used for one vibration member  1 . The power supply members  3   a  and  3   b  have sandwich terminal portions constituted by first terminal portions  3   a - 1  and  3   b - 1  and second terminal portions  3   a - 2  and  3   b - 2 , respectively. Two contact pieces are formed at the distal ends of the terminal portions to avoid imperfect contact. Contact portions  3   a - 11 ,  3   a - 21 ,  3   b - 11 , and  3   b - 21  obtained by embossing are formed at the contact portions between the vibration member  1  and the end portions of the contact pieces. 
     Pressure spring portions  3   a - 3  and  3   b - 3  are formed in the power supply members  3   a  and  3   b , respectively, and projection portions  3   a - 4  and  3   b - 4  obtained by embossing are formed near the roots of the pressure spring portions. 
     Third terminal portions  3   a - 5  and  3   b - 5  connected to an external signal transmission member such as a flexible printed board are formed in the power supply members  3   a  and  3   b , respectively. Holes  3   a - 6 ,  3   a - 7 ,  3   b - 6 , and  3   b - 7  for positioning the power supply members  3   a  and  3   b  relative to a case (to be described later) are formed in the power supply member  3   a ,  3   b.    
     Reference numeral  4  denotes a guide rail serving as a contact member consisting of stainless steel. Reference numeral  5  denotes a roller. A support shaft  5   a  is attached to the center of the roller  5  by a known method such as press fitting. 
     Reference numeral  6  denotes a case processed by plastic molding. The case  6  has holes  6   a  and  6   b  through which the terminal portions  1   c -i and  1   c - 2  of the vibration member  1  are inserted; shaft portions  6   c  and  6   d  inserted into the holes  3   a - 6 ,  3   a - 7 ,  3   b - 6 , and  3   b - 7  of the power supply members  3   a  and  3   b  to perform positioning; holes  6   e  and  6   f  through which the third terminal portions  3   a - 5  and  3   b - 5  of the power supply member  3  are inserted; and stopper portions  6   g  (FIG. 3) and  6   h  (hidden from view) for holding the power supply member  3 . 
     Projection portions  6   i  (FIG. 3) and  6   j  (hidden from view) are formed on the lower sides of the upper portions of the stopper portions  6   g  and  6   h , respectively. Although the portions  6   h  and  6   j  are not shown, the portions  6   h  and  6   j  are located at point-symmetric positions of the portions  6   g  and  6   i  with respect to the center of the bottom surface. 
     Groove portions  6   m ,  6   n ,  6   p , and  6   q  for smoothly performing snap fitting between the case  6  and a cap  7  (to be described later) and shaft portions  6   k  and  6   l  for positioning the cap  7  are formed on the side surface of the case  6 . 
     On the rear surface of the case  6 , as shown in FIG. 5, shaft portions  6   r  and  6   s  for positioning a flexible printed board  8  are arranged. A distal end portion  6   s - 1  of the shaft portion  6   s  is formed to have a diameter larger than that of the root portion of the shaft portions  6   r  and  6   s.    
     Reference numeral  7  denotes a cap processed by plastic molding, and groove portions  7   a  and  7   b  (the groove portion  7   b  is not shown) each having a width which is slightly larger than that of the guide rail  4  are formed in the lower portions of both the ends of the cap  7  in the longitudinal direction. 
     Assembly procedures of the vibration device will be described below. Third terminal portions  3   a - 5  and  3   b - 5  of the power supply member  3  are inserted through the holes  6   e  and  6   f  of the case  6 , respectively. In this case, the third terminal portions  3   a - 5  and  3   b - 5  are inserted in such a manner that the holes  6   e  and  6   f  are slightly opened outside by using the centers of the holes  3   a - 6  and  3   b - 7  of the power supply member  3  as central shafts (holes  6   e  and  6   f  are slightly rotated clockwise in FIG.  1 ). In this state, the holes  3   a - 6  and  3   b - 7  are fitted on the shaft portions  6   c  and  6   d , respectively. 
     In this state, the terminal portions  1   c - 1  and  1   c - 2  of the vibration member  1  are inserted into the holes  6   a  and  6   b  of the case  6 , so that the vibration member  1  is arranged at a predetermined position of the case  6 . In this case, the level of the vibration member  1  is adjusted such that the first terminal portions  3   a - 1  and  3   b - 1  of the power supply member  3   a  are arranged above the vibration member  1 , and the second terminal portions  3   a - 2  and  3   b - 2  are arranged below the vibration member  1 , so that the power supply members  3   a  and  3   b  are rotated inward (counterclockwise in FIG.  1 ). 
     When the power supply members  3   a  and  3   b  are gradually rotated inward, the projection portions  6   i  and  6   j  arranged on the stopper portions  6   g  and  6   h  are brought into contact with the power supply members  3   a  and  3   b . In this manner, the upper portions of the stopper portions  6   g  and  6   h  and the power supply members  3   a ,  3   b  are slightly deflected. 
     When the power supply members  3   a  and  3   b  are further rotated, the end faces of the power supply members  3   a  and  3   b  in the width direction are brought into contact with the end faces of the stopper portions  6   g  and  6   h . At the same time, the projection portions  6   i  and  6   j  fall in the holes  3   a - 7  and  3   b - 7  of the power supply members  3   a  and  3   b  to release the deflection. In this manner, the power supply members  3   a  and  3   b  are completely positioned and fixed, and the vibration member  1  is sandwiched by the sandwich terminal portions (the first terminal portions  3   a - 1  and  3   b - 1  and the second terminal portions  3   a - 2  and  3   b - 2 ). 
     The stopper portions  6   g  and  6   h  have sizes which are set such that the terminal portions  1   c - 1  and  1   c - 2  of the vibration member  1  and the end face of the power supply members  3   a  and  3   b  are not in contact with each other, but are separated by small gaps at a position where the power supply members  3   a  and  3   b  are brought into contact with the end faces of the stopper portions  6   g  and  6   h , thereby preventing the power supply members  3   a  and  3   b  from being brought into contact with each other. FIG. 4 shows a state wherein the vibration member  1  and the power supply members  3   a ,  3   b  are incorporated in the case  6 . 
     Contact portions  3   a - 11 ,  3   a - 21 ,  3   b - 11 , and  3   b - 21  of the first and second terminal portions  3   a - 1 ,  3   b - 1 ,  3   a - 2  and  3   b - 2  of the power supply members  3   a  and  3   b  are in contact with the vibration member  1  with uniform pressing force generated by elasticity of the contact pieces. The positions of the contact points are near a common node position of a longitudinal vibration and a bending vibration, and are symmetrical with respect to the center line of the vibration member  1  in the longitudinal direction. When the contact points are located at these positions, vibration dislocation of the vibration member  1  is not suppressed. For this reason, power supply can be performed without preventing a vibration mode. 
     The sizes of the first terminal portions  3   a - 1  and  3   b - 1  are set such that the levels of the first terminal portions  3   a - 1  and  3   b - 1  are always lower than the levels of the drivers  2   a  and  2   b . In this manner, the first terminal portions  3   a - 1  and  3   b - 1  are prevented from being in contact with the guide rail  4 . 
     In addition, although the vibration member  1  is brought into contact with the projection portions  3   a - 4  and  3   b - 4  of the power supply members  3   a  and  3   b , these positions are near the common node position of the longitudinal vibration and the bending vibration, and are symmetrical with respect to the center line of the vibration member  1  in the longitudinal direction. For this reason, like the first and second terminal portions  3   a - 1 ,  3   b - 1 ,  3   a - 2 , and  3   b - 2 , vibration dislocation can be suppressed, and the vibration member  1  can be pressed against the guide rail  4  without blocking the vibration mode. 
     Both ends of the support shaft  5   a  attached to the roller  5  are fitted on a bearing portion (not shown) arranged on cap  7 . Thereafter, the case  6  and the cap  7  are coupled with each other such that the guide rail  4  is received by the groove portions  7   a  and  7   b  of the cap  7  and sandwiched by the case  6  and the cap  7 . In this case, sandwich pieces  7   c ,  7   d ,  7   e , and  7   f  (although the sandwich piece  7   e  is not shown, it is opposite to the sandwich piece  7   c ) are guided by groove portions  6   m ,  6   n ,  6   p , and  6   q  of the case  6  and engaged with the case  6  by snap fitting. At this time, the shaft portions  6   k  and  6   l  of the case  6  are engaged with the holes (not shown) formed in the cap  7 , so that the cap  7  is positioned to the case  6 . 
     In this manner, the movement of the guide rail  4  in the width direction is regulated by the inner surfaces of the groove portions  7   a  and  7   b  of the cap  7 , and the movement of the guide rail  4  in the thickness direction is regulated by the upper surfaces of the groove portions  7   a  and  7   b  and the upper surface of the case  6  such that the amount of movement is set to a predetermined amount or less. 
     When the cap  7  is attached to the case  6 , the pressure spring portions  3   a - 3  and  3   b - 3  of the power supply members  3   a  and  3   b  are slightly deflected, and the contact pressure between the drivers  2   a ,  2   b  and the guide rail  4  required to drive the vibration device can be supplied. 
     Since the pressure spring portions  3   a - 3  and  3   b - 3  cause the projection portions  3   a - 4  and  3   b - 4  to press the vibration member  1 , the pressure is not loaded on the contact portions  3   a - 21  and  3   b - 21  arranged near the projection portions  3   a - 4  and  3   b - 4  not to twist the contact portions  3   a - 21  and  3   b - 21 , and contact pressures of the contact portions  3   a - 21  and  3   b - 21  can be kept constant. The sizes of the pressure spring portions  3   a - 3  and  3   b - 3  are set to satisfy the following conditions. That is, even if the pressure spring portions  3   a - 3  and  3   b - 3  are deflected by a predetermined amount, the positions of the contact portions  3   a - 11 ,  3   a - 21 ,  3   b - 11 , and  3   b - 21  of the power supply member  3  and the press points of the projection portions  3   a - 4  and  3   b - 4  are near the common node position of the longitudinal vibration and the bending vibration, and are kept symmetrical with respect to the center line of the vibration member  1  in the longitudinal direction. 
     FIG. 5 is a view showing the vibration device of this embodiment when viewed from the rear surface of the vibration device. Referring to FIG. 5, reference numeral  8  denotes a flexible printed board. The flexible printed board  8  is connected to an external drive circuit (not shown). Terminal holes  8   c ,  8   d ,  8   e , and  8   f , through which the terminal portions  1   c - 1  and  1   c - 2  of the vibration member  1  and the third terminal portions  3   a - 5  and  3   b - 5  of the power supply member  3  are inserted, are formed in the flexible printed board  8 . Holes  8   a  and  8   b  for positioning the flexible printed board  8  relative to the case  6  are also formed in the flexible printed board  8 . 
     In order to connect the flexible printed board  8  to the vibration device, the shaft portion  6   s  of the case  6  is inserted into the hole  8   b . Since cut portions are formed in the hole  8   b , the shaft portion  6   s  can be deeply inserted into the hole  8   b  such that the distal end portion  6   s - 1  of the shaft portion  6   s  having a large diameter can be easily inserted over the hole  8   b.    
     The shaft portion  6   r  of the case  6  is inserted through the hole  8   a . In this manner, the flexible printed board  8  is positioned relative to the case  6 . 
     Finally, the terminal portions  1   c - 1  and  1   c - 2  of the vibration member  1  and the third terminal portions  3   a - 5  and  3   b - 5  of the power supply members  3   a  and  3   b  are inserted through the terminal holes  8   c ,  8   d ,  8   e , and  8   f  and soldered, respectively. When the terminals are united on the same plane as described above, a soldering operation can be easily performed, and productivity is considerably improved. Since soldering can be performed at a position spaced apart from the vibration member  1 , the piezoelectric characteristics of the vibration member  1  can be prevented from being degraded by heat from the solder, and preferable driving characteristics can be obtained. 
     A driving principle of the vibration device will be described below. FIGS.  6 ( a ) and  6 ( b ) are views showing the piezoelectric effect of a piezoelectric element. Referring to FIGS.  6 ( a ) and  6 ( b ), reference numeral  10  denotes a piezoelectric element which is subjected to a polarization process upward in FIGS.  6 ( a ) and  6 ( b ) (direction indicated by arrows in FIGS.  6 ( a ) and  6 ( b ). Electrodes  10   a  and  10   b  are formed on both surfaces of the piezoelectric element by deposition processing. 
     FIG.  6 ( a ) is a view showing a manner in which a positive potential and a negative potentials are applied to the electrodes  10   a  and  10   b , respectively. In this case, since an electric field is formed having a direction from the electrode  10   a  to the electrode  10   b , i.e., the reverse direction of the polarization direction, the piezoelectric element  10  contracts in the direction perpendicular to the polarization direction, and the amount of contraction depends on the magnitude of the electric field generated. 
     FIG.  6 ( b ) is a view showing a manner in which a negative potential and a positive potentials are applied to the electrodes  10   a  and  10   b , respectively. In this case, since an electric field is formed having a direction from the electrode  10   b  to the electrode  10   a , i.e., the same direction as the polarization direction, the piezoelectric element  10  extends (expands) in the direction perpendicular to the polarization direction, and the amount of extension (expansion) depends on the magnitude of the electric field generated. 
     The vibration member of the vibration device uses these piezoelectric phenomena to excite a standing wave such that the drivers  2   a  and  2   b  elliptically move. 
     FIG. 7 is a side view showing the vibration member of the vibration device (the terminals  1   c - 1  and  1   c - 2  are omitted). The piezoelectric element  1   a  is subjected to polarization processing upward in FIG. 7, and the piezoelectric element  1   b  is subjected to polarization processing downward in FIG.  7 . The elastic member  1   c  is connected to ground potential. 
     In the vibration member  1  arranged as described above, as shown in FIG. 8, when an alternating voltage V A  having the same phase and the same amplitude is applied to the electrode portions  1   e  and  1   h , and an alternating voltage V B  having the same phase and the same amplitude is applied to the electrode portions  1   f  and  1   g  (the voltages V A  and V B  have different phases, respectively), the vibration member  1  performs various behaviors by in accordance with the piezoelectric effect described above. 
     For example, the vibration member  1  at time t 1  in FIG. 8 contracts in the longitudinal direction as shown in FIG.  9 ( a ) because a positive voltage having the same value is applied to the electrode portions  1   e  and  1   h . The vibration member  1  at time t 2  in FIG. 8 is bent in an S-shaped form as shown in FIG.  9 ( b ) because a positive voltage is applied to the electrode portions  1   e  and  1   h , and a negative voltage having the same absolute value as that of the voltage applied to the electrode portions  1   e  and  1   h  is applied to the electrode portions  1   f  and  1   g.    
     The vibration member  1  at time t 3  in FIG. 8 extends in the longitudinal direction as shown in FIG.  9 ( c ) because a negative voltage having the same value is applied to the electrode portions  1   e  and  1   h . The vibration member  1  at time t 4  in FIG. 8 is bent in an S-shaped form (reverse to the S-shaped form at time t 2 ) as shown in FIG.  9 ( d ) because a negative voltage is applied to the electrode portions  1   e  and  1   h , and a positive voltage having the same absolute value as that of the voltage applied to the electrode portions  1   e  and  1   h  is applied to the electrode portions  1   f  and  1   g.    
     As described above, when the behaviors are observed at continuous time, the vibration member  1  performs a behavior obtained by synthesizing extension/contraction movement (longitudinal vibration) and bending movement (lateral vibration), and the drivers  2   a  and  2   b  draw elliptic orbits. The rotating directions of the elliptic orbits of the drivers  2   a  and  2   b  coincide with each other. When the phases of the alternating voltages V A  and V B  are reversed to each other, the rotating direction of the elliptic orbit is reverse to the rotating direction described above. 
     When the drivers  2   a  and  2   b  which elliptically move are brought into pressure contact with the guide rail  4 , driving force is generated between the drivers  2   a  and  2   b  and the guide rail  4 . The case  6 , the cap  7 , the vibration member  1  or the like stored therein, and the guide rail  4  relatively move. More specifically, when the guide rail  4  is fixed, the vibration member  1  moves; and when the vibration member  1  is fixed, the guide rail  4  moves. 
     (Second Embodiment) 
     In the first embodiment, the power supply members  3   a ,  3   b  are temporarily fixed to the case  6  first, the vibration member  1  is set in the case  6 , and the power supply members  3   a ,  3   b  are pivoted, thereby performing normal mounting. However, an embodiment in which operation efficiency is more improved to improve productivity will be described below. The same reference numerals as in the first embodiment denote the same members in the second embodiment, and a description thereof will be omitted. 
     Referring to FIG. 10, sandwich terminal portions  13   a - 1  and  13   b - 1  are arranged on power supply members  13   a  and  13   b , respectively. Two contact pieces  13   a - 11  and  13   a - 12  and two contact pieces  13   b - 11  and  13   b - 12  are formed on the upper sides of the sandwich terminal portions  13   a - 1  and  13   b - 1 , respectively, and two contact pieces  13   a - 21  and  13   a - 22  and two contact pieces  13   b - 21  and  13   b - 22  are formed on the lower sides of the sandwich terminal portions  13   a - 1  and  13   b - 1 , respectively. 
     These contact pieces have elasticity and projection portions serving as contact points near their distal ends. For this reason, the vibration member  1  is sandwiched between the sandwich terminal portions  13   a - 1  and  13   b - 1 , and these projection portions are brought into pressure contact with each other near a common node position of the longitudinal vibration and bending vibration of the vibration member  1  and positions which are symmetrical with respect to the center line of the vibration member  1  in the longitudinal direction, so that the power supply members  13   a  and  13   b  can be incorporated in the vibration member  1 . 
     The electrode layer of the vibration member  1  is partially insulated not to be in contact with the contact pieces  13   a - 12 ,  13   a - 21 ,  13   b - 12 , and  13   b - 21  ( 11   e  and  11   h ). 
     Thereafter, the power supply members  13   a  and  13   b  with the vibration member  1  are attached at a predetermined position of a case  16  in the following manner. That is, the terminal portions  1   c - 1  and  1   c - 2  (hidden) of the vibration member  1  are inserted into holes  16   a  and  16   b , terminals  13   a - 5  and  13   b - 5  to be connected to an external power supply member are inserted into holes  16   c  and  16   d  formed in the case  16 . The long holes  13   a - 6  and  13   b - 6  formed in the power supply members  13   a  and  13   b  are fitted on shaft portions  16   e  and  16   f  arranged on the case  16 . 
     In this case, the end faces of the power supply members  13   a  and  13   b  are slidably inserted into stopper portions  16   g  and  16   h  (although the stopper portion  16   h  is not shown, it is opposite to the stopper portion  16   g ) arranged on the case  16  while the power supply member  13  is slightly deflected inward. 
     When the power supply members  13   a ,  13   b  are incorporated in the vibration member  1 , and both of them are set in the case  16 , operation efficiency can be improved, and productivity can also be improved. 
     According to the present invention, the above embodiment, the modification, and technical elements thereof may be combined with each other as needed. 
     As has been described above, the above embodiment employs an arrangement in which the power supply members can be electrically connected to the piezoelectric element such that the power supply members sandwich the vibration member. For this reason, since the power supply members need not be directly soldered to the power supply region of the vibration member, a conventional problem, i.e., imperfect contact occurring by degradation of the characteristics of the electromechanical energy conversion caused by solder, can be solved, and the original performance of the vibration device can be obtained (maintained). 
     When a portion of the vibration member near the node portion of vibration of the vibration member is sandwiched between power supply members, or positions which are symmetrical with respect to the central portion of the vibration member are sandwiched by a plurality of power supply members, vibration of the vibration member can be prevented from being blocked by the presence of the power supply members. When the power supply members are formed such that a plurality of contact pieces are in contact with one piezoelectric element (power supply region), the piezoelectric element (power supply region) can be brought into contact with the power supply members more reliably. 
     Furthermore, the external connection terminals of the vibration member and the power supply members extend in the same direction so as to be simultaneously exposed on the bottom surface of the case. For this reason, connection of the external circuit to these external connection terminals can be efficiently performed, and productivity can be improved. In addition, heat from soldering for connection to the external circuit is prevented from being easily transmitted to the vibration member, so that the characteristics of the vibration member can be prevented from being adversely affected. 
     A pressing portion for supplying pressing force between the vibration member and the contact member to the power supply member. For this reason, the number of parts or the number of assembly steps can be reduced compared with a case wherein a pressing portion is arranged independently of a power supply member. In this case, when the pressing portion is brought into contact with the position near the node portion of vibration of the vibration member, or the pressing portions of a plurality of power supply members are brought into contact with positions which are symmetrical with respect to the central portion of the vibration member, vibration of the vibration member can be prevented from being blocked. 
     Some of a plurality of contact pieces of the sandwich connection portions are brought into contact with the piezoelectric element in an insulating state to serve as sandwich pieces for sandwiching the vibration member. For this reason, power supply polarity to the piezoelectric element can be freely selected while the vibration member is reliably sandwiched. 
     Furthermore, a support portion for supporting a power supply member which is not in contact with the external connection terminal of the vibration member is arranged in the case member. For this reason, preferable power supply to the piezoelectric element through the power supply member can be assured. 
     In this case, a mobile holding means for movably holding the power supply member between a position (sandwich position) where the sandwich connection portions sandwich the vibration member and a position (release position) which is released from the vibration member, and a lock means for locking and holding the power supply member at the sandwich position. In this manner, the power supply member and the vibration member can be easily attached on the case member. 
     (Third Embodiment) 
     A vibration wave motor (vibration device) according to the third embodiment will be described below. FIG. 11 is an exploded perspective view showing the vibration wave motor. Referring to FIG. 11, reference numeral  101  denotes a vibration member serving as a driving source of a vibration wave motor. This vibration member  101 , as shown in FIG. 12 in detail, is constituted by an elastic member  101   a  having an almost rectangular shape and consisting of brass, phosphor bronze, or stainless steel, piezoelectric elements  101   b  and  101   c  adhered to the upper and lower surfaces of the elastic member  101   a , movement extraction members  101   d  and  101   e  adhered to the upper surface of the piezoelectric element  101   c , and electrode films  101   f ,  10   g ,  101   h , and  101   i  formed and divided at the center of the piezoelectric elements  101   b  and  101   c  in the longitudinal directions to have predetermined widths. 
     Reference numerals  102   a  and  102   b  in FIG. 11 denote elastic members such as felt. The elastic members  102   a  and  102   b  are arranged at a position opposing the movement extraction members (drivers)  101   d  and  101   e  arranged on the vibration member  1 . Reference numeral  103  denotes a support member for supporting the vibration member  101  through the elastic members  102   a  and  102   b . The support member  103  is fixed on the lower surfaces of the elastic members  102   a  and  102   b  with an adhesive agent, a pressure sensitive adhesive double coated tape, or the like. In this embodiment, the two elastic members  102   a  and  102   b  are provided. However, if the elastic members are located at a position almost opposing the movement extraction members  101   d  and  101   e , one or three or more elastic members may be arranged. 
     Reference numeral  104  denotes a mobile member which is brought into contact with the movement extraction members  101   d  and  101   e  to convert elliptic movement generated by the movement extraction members  101   d  and  101   e  into linear movement. The lower surface of the mobile member  104  has a D-shaped section whose lower surface is flat. 
     Reference numeral  105  denotes a pressure spring for bringing the movement extraction members  101   d  and  101   e  of the vibration member  101  into contact with each other by pressing force, and reference numeral  106  denotes a case for storing the vibration member  101 . An opening portion having an opening area which can be fitted on the support member  103  such that the support member  103  can be vertically moved. 
     Reference numerals  107   a  and  107   b  denote guide members for guiding the mobile member  104  in the moving direction and around the shaft in the moving direction. The guide members  107   a  and  107   b  preferably consist of a resin, a metal, or the like which is excellent in abrasion resistance and slidability. As shown in FIG. 14, in order to prevent the two guide members  107   a  and  107   b  from being shifted relative to each other, projection portions formed on the guide members  107   a  and  107   b  are fitted in the recessed portions of the case  106 . In this embodiment, although the guide members  107   a  and  107   b  are formed independently of the case  106 , the guide members  107   a  and  107   b  can be integrated with the case  106  as a matter of course. 
     As shown in FIG. 13, two guide support portions  106   a  and  106   b  for the vibration member  101  are arranged on the side surfaces of the case  106 , and the guide support portions  106   a  and  106   b  are fitted on two projection portions  101   m  and  101   n  arranged on opposite sides of the elastic member  101   a  of the vibration member  101  in the width direction to guide the vibration member  101  in the direction of the level of the case  106 . The support member  103  has a projection portion  103   a . The projection portion  103   a  is fitted in a hole  105   a  formed at the center of the pressure spring  105  in the longitudinal direction, so that the support member  103  is positioned relative to the pressure spring  105 . A voltage applying flexible printed board (to be described later) and a voltage applying circuit are omitted in FIG.  11 . 
     A method of supporting a pressure spring by the above arrangement will be described below. The pressure spring  105  has engagement arms which are separately extending upward and arranged at both ends of the pressure spring  105  in the longitudinal direction, and the upper portions of these engagement arms are cut into recessed shapes to form engagement portions  105   c ,  105   d ,  105   e , and  105   f . Engagement projections  106   c ,  106   d ,  106   e , and  106   f  each having a projection shape are formed at positions corresponding to the engagement portions  105   c  to  105   f  in the case  106 . 
     When the engagement portions  105   c ,  105   d ,  105   e , and  105   f  of the pressure spring  105  are engaged with the engagement projections  106   c ,  106   d ,  106   e , and  106   f  of the case  106 , respectively, as shown in FIG. 15 in detail, the pressure spring  105  is engaged with the case  106 . The lower portions of the engagement projections  106   c  to  106   f  are tapered, so that the engagement portions  105   c  to  105   f  can be easily engaged with the engagement projections  106   c  to  106   f  from the lower side. Since the vertical length of the engagement portions  105   c  to  105   f  is larger than that of the engagement projections  106   c  to  106   f , vertical movement of the pressure spring  105  with respect to the case  106  is allowed. 
     Assembly procedures of the vibration wave motor will be briefly described below. 
     [Procedure 1] As shown in FIG. 17, a voltage applying flexible printed board  109  is mounted on the vibration member  101 . FIG. 18 shows the mounting state. 
     [Procedure 2] As shown in FIG. 19, the guide members  107   a  and  107   b  are integrated with the case  106  in advance, and the mobile member  104  is inserted into the case  106  and the guide members  107   a  and  107   b . In this structure, the projection portions  101   m  and  101   n  of the vibration member  101  with the voltage applying flexible printed board  109  prepared in Procedure 1 are fitted in the guide portions  106   a  and  106   b  of the case  106 . 
     [Procedure 3] As shown in FIG. 20, the elastic members  102   a  and  102   b  are adhered to the support member  103  with a pressure sensitive adhesive double coated tape or the like in advance, and the projection portion  103   a  of the support member  103  is fitted in the hole  105   a  of the pressure spring  105  to be matched and integrated with each other. The resultant structure is incorporated in the case  106  in which the vibration member  101  prepared in Procedure 2 is incorporated. In this case, as described above, the engagement portions  105   c ,  105   d ,  105   e , and  105   f  of the pressure spring  105  are engaged with the engagement projections  106   c ,  106   d ,  106   e , and  106   f  of the case  106 , respectively. In this manner, the vibration member  101  is stored in the case  106  through the opening portion in the lower surface of the case  106 . FIG. 21 shows the engagement state. 
     FIG. 22 is a sectional view showing a vibration wave motor assembled as described above. As is apparent from FIG. 22, the pressing force of the pressure spring  105  acts on the vibration member  101  through the elastic members  102   a  and  102   b  to bring the vibration member  101  into contact with the mobile member  104  in a pressure state. 
     In this case, the vibration member  101  can be stabilized to cause the vibration member  101  to be supported by the support member  103 . Since the support member  103  is held by the pressure spring  105 , a smaller number of parts and an easier assembling operation than those in a case wherein a member for holding the support member  103  is arranged independently of the pressure spring. In the above embodiment, the mobile member  104  having a D-shaped section is used. However, the present invention is not limited to the embodiment, and a mobile member having a planar shape or a triangle section may be used. 
     A method of driving the vibration wave motor will be described below. While the electrode films  101   e  and  101   h  (A-phase electrode films) and the electrode films  101   f  and  101   i  (B-phase electrode films) of the vibration member  101  are rendered conductive, voltages having specific frequencies whose phases are different from each other by 90° are applied to the A-phase electrode film  101   e  and the B-phase electrode film  101   f  through the voltage applying flexible printed board  109 . In this case, the piezoelectric element  101   a  repeats extraction and contraction movements whose phases are different from each other by 90° at portions corresponding to the electrode films. As a result, a longitudinal vibration and a bending vibration are excited in the elastic member  101   a , so that the movement extraction members  101   d  and  101   e  elliptically move in the same direction. This elliptic movement drives the mobile member  104  by abrasion between the movement extraction members  101   d  and  101   e  and-the mobile member  104  in the direction indicated by an arrow in FIG. 11, for example. 
     (Fourth Embodiment) 
     A vibration wave motor (vibration device) according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described below. FIG. 23 is an exploded perspective view showing the vibration wave motor. The same reference numerals as in the third embodiment denote the same parts in the fourth embodiment, and a description thereof will be omitted. 
     Referring to FIG. 23, reference numeral  235  denotes a pressure spring for bringing a mobile member  104  into contact with movement extraction members  101   d  and  101   e  of a vibration member  101 . Reference numeral  236  denotes a case for storing the vibration member  101 . 
     In the third embodiment, the pressure spring  105  is engaged on the side surface of the case  106 . However, in the fourth embodiment, the upper ends of the engagement arm of the pressure spring  235  are bent inward in the horizontal direction, and the bent portions  235   c  to  235   f  are engaged with engagement portions  236   c  to  236   f  arranged on the upper end face of the case  236 , respectively, so that the pressure spring  235  is attached to the case  236 . 
     (Fifth Embodiment) 
     A vibration wave motor (vibration device) according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention will be described below. FIG. 24 is an exploded perspective view showing the vibration wave motor. The same reference numerals as in the third and fourth embodiments denote the same parts in the fifth embodiment, and a description thereof will be omitted. 
     Referring to FIG. 24, reference numeral  245  denotes a pressure spring for bringing a mobile member  104  into contact with movement extraction members  101   d  and  101   e  of a vibration member  101 . Reference numeral  246  denotes a case for storing the vibration member  101 . In the fourth embodiment, the engagement arms on both the sides of the pressure spring  235  in the width direction are independently formed, and the upper portions of the arms are only bent. However, in the fifth embodiment, the upper portions of the engagement arms of the pressure spring  245  are connected to the case  246 , and connection portions of the engagement arms are captured by projections  246   e  and  246   f  formed on engagement portions  246   c  and  246   d  formed on the upper end face of the case  246 . In this manner, the engagement arms of the pressure spring  245  can be prevented from being disconnected from the engagement portions  246   c  and  246   d  of the case  246 . 
     (Sixth Embodiment) 
     A vibration wave motor (vibration device) according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention will be described below. FIG. 25 is an exploded perspective view showing the vibration wave motor. The same reference numerals as in the third to fifth embodiments denote the same parts in the sixth embodiment, and a description thereof will be omitted. 
     In the third to fifth embodiments, the support member  103  and the elastic members  102   a  and  102   b  are interposed between the vibration member  101  and the pressure springs  105 ,  235 , and  245 . In this embodiment, the support member  103  is omitted, only the elastic members  102   a  and  102   b  are interposed between the vibration member  101  and the elastic. 
     In this case, the elastic members  102   a  and  102   b  may be adhered to the vibration member  101  or a pressure spring  255  with a pressure sensitive adhesive double coated tape in advance. In this embodiment, since the pressure spring  255  also serves as the power supply member  13 , the number of parts and the number of assembly steps can be reduced compared with the third to fifth embodiments. 
     (Seventh Embodiment) 
     A vibration wave motor (vibration device) according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention will be described below. FIG. 26 is an exploded perspective view showing the vibration wave motor. The same reference numerals as in the third to sixth embodiments denote the same parts in the seventh embodiment, and a description thereof will be omitted. 
     In the third to sixth embodiments, the pressure springs  105 ,  235 , and  255  and the cases  106 ,  236 , and  246  are engaged with each other, respectively. In this embodiment, guide members  107   a  and  107   b  are attached to a pressure spring  265 , so that the pressure spring  265  can also be attached to the case  266 . In this case, the guide members  107   a  and  107   b  require the same positioning portion as in the third embodiment to prevent the guide members  107   a  and  107   b  from being shifted relative to each other. 
     In the vibration wave motor described above, a relatively large amount of deformation of the pressure spring can be allowed without increasing the size of case member. For this reason, the spring constant of the pressure spring can be decreased to some extent, and the pressure can be prevented from being changed depending on a small change in the amount of spring deformation. 
     In the present invention, the above embodiment, the modification, and technical elements thereof may be combined with each other as needed. 
     As described above, in the above embodiment,-an urging member is attached to the outside the case member, so that a space for storing the urging member need not be provided inside the case member. For this reason, since the space can be omitted, the case member can be decreased in size. In addition, since it is satisfactory that the urging member is only arranged outside the case member, the structure and assembling operation of the unit can be simplified. Since a relatively large amount of spring deformation can be allowed, a spring constant is decreased to suppress the pressure from varying, and appropriate pressing force can be easily set. 
     When the vibration member is pressed by the urging member in the contact direction between the vibration member and the contact member, and a support member is interposed between the urging member and the vibration member, the vibration member can be stably supported. In this case, when the support member is held by the urging member, the urging member can have a function of generating pressing force and a function of holding the support member. The number of parts can be reduced, and the assembly can be made more easy.