Abstract:
A movement mechanism applicable to a vehicle outside rearview mirror and employing a substantially spherical holder and a substantially spherical bowl nested one in the other and relative rotatable relative to each other about first and second mutually perpendicular axes with the plane of the outer edge of the holder lying in or parallel to the plane of the axes. The disk is located between the holder and bowl and connected to the bowl for rotation about one of the axes and connected to the holder for rotation only about the other of the axes.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
   The present invention relates to a movement mechanism comprising a spherical holder and a spherical bowl which, one inserted into the other, are rotatable relative to each other about a first axis, the X-axis, and a second axis, the Y-axis, said axes lying in a plane coinciding with the plane of the outer edge of the holder or extending parallel thereto, the movement mechanism further comprising a dish located between the holder and the bowl, said dish being connected to the bowl for rotation about the X-axis only and connected to the holder for rotation about the Y-axis only. 
   Such movement mechanism is known from EP-A-0 075 259. The movement mechanism in said document comprises a bowl, a holder and a dish, wherein the holder can rotate relative to the dish around a first axis only and the bowl can rotate relative to the dish around a second axis only. The bowl, the holder and the dish are mounted together by means of a bolt which fills the inner spece of the holder, such that no further construction parts can be placed therein. The movement mechanism is a type of ball joint. 
   The movement mechanism can, for instance, be used for causing an object that is fixedly connected to the holder to make a movement about two axes relative to a fixedly disposed bowl, and can be used for, for instance, wing mirrors of vehicles, wherein a mirror plate can be mounted on the holder, while the bowl is mounted in the housing of the mirror plate, which housing can be secured on a vehicle. 
   SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
   The object of the invention is to realize a movement mechanism, which, for instance for application to a motor-drivable wing mirror of a vehicle, permits an extremely compact construction with as few components as possible. 
   Therefore, in accordance with the invention, the movement mechanism as described in the opening paragraph is characterized in that 
   that fitted in the holder there is provided an actuator, the actuator being operatively connected to the bowl through openings in the holder and an opening in the dish for rotating the holder relative to the bowl about the X- and Y-axis. 
   To obtain a guidance for the rotary movement of the holder and the dish relative to each other and at the same time a securement against rotations of these parts relative to each other about an axis, the Z-axis, perpendicular to the X-axis and the Y-axis, various solutions are possible. In a first embodiment, the dish may be provided with diametrically opposite thickenings which, upon rotation of the dish relative to the holder about the X-axis, cooperate with relevant slots in the holder that extend in the direction of rotation. In a second embodiment, the dish may be provided with diametrically opposite thickenings which, upon rotation of the dish relative to the holder about the X-axis, cooperate with relevant slots in the dish that extend in the direction of rotation. In a third embodiment, the dish may then may be provided with a thickening and a diametrically opposite slot that extends in the direction of rotation, which thickening and which slot, upon rotation of the dish relative to the holder about the X-axis, cooperate with a slot in the holder extending in the direction of rotation, or a diametrically opposite thickening on the holder respectively. 
   To ensure the connection between the holder and the dish, of course also during the relative movement of the two parts with respect to each other, the holder may have its outer surface provided with circularly curved edges which, upon rotation of the dish relative to the holder about the X-axis, serve as guide edges for correspondingly shaped edges provided on the dish. These circular edges may be recessed in or project from the holder. 
   For bounding the rotary travel between the holder and the dish, the holder may be provided with an outwardly directed, circular edge and the dish, viewed in a section perpendicular to the Y-axis, may be segment-shaped with an apex angle smaller than 180°, while in at least one extreme position of the dish relative to the holder, a relevant edge half of the dish abuts against the circular edge of the holder. Of course, also in both extreme positions of the dish relative to the holder, the relevant edge halves of the dish may abut against relevant parts of the circular edge of the holder. In addition, it is also possible to provide the holder, on the outer surface thereof, with at least one edge against which, in an extreme position of the dish relative to the holder, a corresponding edge of the dish abuts. This edge, too, may be recessed in as well as project from the holder. Here, too, two of such edges may be present for the two extreme positions. 
   Likewise, and for similar reasons as apply to the movement between the holder and the dish, three embodiments are also possible for the movement between the bowl and the dish. In a first embodiment, the dish may be provided with diametrically opposite thickenings which, upon rotation of the dish relative to the bowl about the Y-axis, cooperate with relevant slots in the bowl that extend in the direction of rotation. In a second embodiment, the bowl may again be provided with diametrically opposite thickenings which, upon rotation of the dish relative to the bowl about the Y-axis, cooperate with relevant slots in the dish that extend in the direction of rotation, while in a third embodiment, the bowl may be provided with a thickening and a diametrically opposite slot that extends in the direction of rotation, which thickening and which slot, upon rotation of the dish relative to the bowl about the Y-axis, cooperate with a slot in the dish extending in the direction of rotation, or a diametrically opposite thickening on the dish respectively. 
   Here, too, to ensure the connection between the bowl and the dish also during the relative movement of the two parts in respect of each other, the bowl may have its inside surface provided with circularly curved edges which, upon rotation of the dish relative to the bowl about the Y-axis, serve as guide edges for correspondingly shaped edges provided on the dish. 
   To bound the rotary travel again, in this case between the bowl and the dish, the holder may be provided with an outwardly directed, circular edge, as mentioned above, while in at least one extreme position of the bowl relative to the dish, the edge of the bowl abut against the circular edge of the holder. In an alternative embodiment herefor, in an extreme rotary position of the dish relative to the bowl, the above-mentioned thickenings for rotation and securement of the dish relative to the bowl may abut against an end edge of the slots. 
   Further, additional locking means may be provided between the dish and the holder and between the dish and the bowl, for further blocking a rotation of the bowl, dish and holder relative to each other about an axis, the Z-axis, perpendicular to the X-axis and the Y-axis. 
   Depending on the practical application of the movement mechanism, it may be important, when the dish is on both sides provided with outwardly set lips, to provide a defined friction between the bowl and the dish and between the dish and the holder. Without these lips, a highly temperature-dependent friction would be present between said parts. 
   In a particularly favorable and inexpensive embodiment, the holder, the bowl and the dish may be manufactured from plastic. In particular the various thickenings, slots, edges and additional locking means can readily be provided during the manufacturing of the holder, the bowl and the dish. Nevertheless, it is for instance also possible that the holder and the bowl are manufactured from plastic and that the dish is substantially manufactured from metal. In particular, the dish may be punched from metal. In the case where the dish is substantially manufactured from metal, the dish may be provided with metal springs to effect a defined friction between the bowl and the dish and between the dish and the holder. 
   As mentioned hereinabove, the major advantage of this movement mechanism precisely resides in the use of a motor drive of the holder relative to the bowl. To that end, in accordance with a further facet of the invention, the holder comprises two mutually perpendicular slots provided through the holder, each of said slots having a toothed element provided therein for displacement by motor, which toothed element is further freely movable in the bowl in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the relevant slot in the holder, wherein, further, the toothed element engages, through the relevant slot in the holder, a gear transmission mechanism placed in the holder, of a motor that is likewise placed in the holder. For the use in a wing mirror for a vehicle, an adjusting plate with a mirror can be fixed on the holder. When the motor and the drive mechanism are fitted in the holder as well, the holder with the components fitted therein and secured thereon can in a favorable manner be snap-fitted into the bowl as a unit. The latter construction further enables providing the holder with an electric plug terminal, while on the adjusting plate, a separate electric terminal is present for an electric connection to the plug terminal on the holder, enabling ready through-connecting by looping. 
   Apart from a movement mechanism, the invention also relates to a wing mirror for a vehicle, comprising a movement mechanism as indicated hereinabove. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     The invention will presently be specified with reference to the accompanying drawings. In these drawings: 
       FIGS. 1–5  represent five views of the holder; 
       FIGS. 6–9  represent four views of the dish; 
       FIGS. 10–13  represent four views of the bowl; 
       FIGS. 14–17  represent four views of the assembly of the holder, the dish and the bowl of  FIGS. 1–13 ; 
       FIG. 18  shows a section of this assembly taken on the line A—A in  FIG. 14 ; 
       FIGS. 19–22  represent four views of the assembly of the holder and the dish; 
       FIGS. 23 and 24  show sections taken on the line B—B and C—C respectively in  FIG. 19 ; 
       FIGS. 25–28  represent four views of the assembly of the dish and the bowl; 
       FIGS. 29 and 30  show sections taken on the line D—D and E—E respectively in  FIG. 25 ; 
       FIGS. 31–33  represent various exploded views of an actuator housing construction for a wing mirror of a vehicle; 
       FIGS. 34–37  represent various views of an alternative embodiment of the dish; 
       FIG. 38  shows the adjusting element for enabling rotating the holder and the bowl relative to each other; and 
       FIG. 39  schematically shows a mirror actuator according to the invention. 
   

   In the Figures, identical parts are designated by the same reference numerals. 
   DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
   An exemplary embodiment of the movement mechanism according to the invention, as shown in parts and in interconnection of these parts in  FIGS. 1–33 , comprises a spherical holder  1 , a spherical bowl  2  and a dish  3 . The holder, the bowl and the dish are manufactured from plastic. With the interposition of the dish  3 , the holder  1  can be inserted into the bowl  2 . The dish  3  is then only rotatable about the X-axis relative to the bowl  2  and only rotatable about the Y-axis relative to the holder  1 , the X-axis and the Y-axis lying in a plane substantially coinciding with the outside edge of the holder  1 . 
   To realize the rotatability of the holder  1  relative to the dish  3  about the Y-axis, two diametrically opposite slots  4  and  5  are provided in the holder  1 , and the dish  3  has its inside surface provided with thickenings  6  and  7  fitting in these slots  4  and  5  respectively. Upon rotation of the holder  1  relative to the dish  3  about the Y-axis, the thickenings  6  and  7  move in the slots  4  and  5  respectively. Further, the holder  1  has its outside surface provided with diametrically opposite, circularly curved edges  8  and  8   a  which, upon rotation of the holder  1  relative to the dish  3 , serve as guide edges for correspondingly shaped edges of slots  9  and recesses  9   a  respectively, provided in the dish  3 . Between the edges of the slots  9  and the circular recess  9   a  of the dish on the one hand and the thickenings  8  and  8   a  on the other, the holder  1  and the dish  3  are snap-fitted for movement relative to each other about the Y-axis. 
   To realize the rotatability of the dish  3  relative to the bowl  2  about the X-axis, two diametrically opposite slots  10  and  11  are provided in the bowl  2 , and the dish  3  has its outside surface provided with thickenings  12  and  13  fitting in the slots  10  and  11  respectively. Upon rotation of the dish  3  relative to the bowl  2  about the X-axis, the thickenings  12  and  13  move in the slots  10  and  11  respectively. Further, the bowl  2  is provided with diametrically opposite, circular edges  14  which, upon rotation of the dish  3  relative to the bowl  2 , serve as guide edges for correspondingly shaped edges of thickenings  15  provided on the outside surface of the dish  3 . Between the thickenings  12 ,  13  on the one hand and the thickenings  15  on the other, the bowl  2  and the dish  3  are snap-fitted for movement relative to each other about the X-axis. 
   As extra securement against rotations about the Z-axis perpendicular to the X-axis and the Y-axis, additional locking means in the form of thickenings  16  provided on the outside surface of the dish  3  are present between the dish  3  and the bowl  2 , which engage recesses  17  when the holder with dish are mounted in the bowl. 
   The movement of the holder  1  relative to the dish  3  and that of the dish relative to the bowl  2  is bounded. For this purpose, the holder has an outwardly directed, circular edge  18 . Further, viewed in a section perpendicular to the Y-axis, as shown in  FIG. 8 , the dish  3  is segment-shaped with an apex angle smaller than 180°. When the holder  1  rotates about the Y-axis relative to the dish  3 , the upper edges of the dish  3  will, in the two extreme positions, strike the edge  18 . Upon rotation of the dish  3  relative to the bowl  2 , the thickenings  12 ,  13  will, in the extreme positions, be arrested by the end edge of the slots  10 ,  11  or, which is of course also possible, the upper edges of the bowl will be arrested by the projecting edge  18  of the holder. 
   The bowl  2  further comprises mounting bushes  19 . By means of screws passed through these bushes, the bowl can be secured in, for instance, a mirror housing frame for a wing mirror of a vehicle. When, in this practical application a mirror-adjusting plate  33  with mirror  34  (see  FIG. 39 ) is secured on the holder  1 , in particular on the edge  18  hereof, this mirror is manually rotatable about the X-axis and the Y-axis. The position of the holder, the dish and the bowl are shown, one inserted into the other, in  FIG. 15 , while different views are represented in  FIGS. 14 ,  16  and  17 . For clarification,  FIGS. 19–24  show the situation where only the holder is secured in the dish for rotation about the Y-axis, and  FIGS. 25–30  show the situation where only the dish is secured in the bowl for rotation about the X-axis. 
   The spherical construction of the holder  1 , the dish  3  and the bowl  2  is particularly suitable for fitting a drive system in the holder  1 . In the above-mentioned practical application for a wing mirror, this means that in the holder, the drive system is mounted for rotating the mirror and hence the holder about the X-axis and the Y-axis relative to the bowl and hence relative to the mirror housing frame. Because the drive system mounted in the holder  1  must be capable of engaging the bowl  2 , relatively large openings  20  are provided in the dish  3 . As indicated in  FIGS. 31–33 , the drive system is mounted in a spherical support  21  that can be screwed down in the holder  1 . For that purpose, the holder  1  has screw bushes  22 , while the support is at corresponding positions provided with screw holes  23 . The holder  1  and the support  21  may also be manufactured as one whole. For the rotation about each of the two axes (the X-axis and the Y-axis), the drive system comprises, in a manner conventional for mirror actuators, a motor in a housing  24  and a transmission mechanism  25 . These components form in fact the actuator; in  FIG. 39 , this actuator, including the housing  24 , is designated by  35 . Although in the transmission mechanism, a rod-shaped transmission can be incorporated, the transmission in the present embodiment is completely designed as a gear transmission mechanism. By means of this transmission mechanism  25 , an adjusting element is displaced in a first direction, while this adjusting element is freely movable in a second direction perpendicular thereto. To enable, in this manner, a rotation of the holder  1  relative to the bowl  2 , two slots  26  and  27  are provided in the holder  1 , which slots, viewed in the X-Y plane, are perpendicular to each other, while in the bowl  2 , two slots  28  and  29  are provided, which slots, viewed in the X-Y plane, are perpendicular to each other, the slot  26  intersecting the slot  28  centrally and perpendicularly, and the slot  27  intersecting the slot  29  centrally and perpendicularly. The slots  28  and  29  in the bowl  2  extend from the circumferential edge to the center of the bowl. To each pair of slots  26 ,  28  and  27 ,  29 , it applies that an adjusting element  30  is freely movable in the slot  28  and  29  respectively, and motor-drivable in the slot  26  and  27  respectively. However, the reverse is of course also possible, i.e. an adjusting element may also be freely movable in the slot  26  and/or  27  and motor-drivable in the slot  28  and  29  respectively. Although the adjusting elements  30  are provided between the bowl  2  and the holder  3 , at the location of the openings  20  in the dish  3 , the adjusting elements project through the holder  1  for motor engagement from the inner space of the holder  1 . One of the two adjusting elements  30  is shown in more detail in  FIG. 38 . The free movability of the adjusting elements  30  is realized in that they have their bowl-facing sides provided with a projection  31  engaging the slots  28  and  29 . On their side projecting through the holder, the adjusting elements  30  are provided with teeth  32 . In the Figure, the adjusting elements are designed as ring segments having inside teeth; a construction as ring segment having, for instance, crown teeth or bevel gear teeth is of course also possible. These teeth then cooperate with a correspondingly formed gear of the gear transmission mechanism. 
   The direction in which the adjusting elements  30  are motor-drivable may correspond to the two axis directions. However, if stepping motors are used instead of standard dc-motors, it is preferred that the adjusting elements be displaced by motor at an angle of 45° relative the two axis directions; this situation is shown in the embodiment depicted here (see  FIGS. 1 and 10 ). Accordingly, upon rotation about one of the axes, both motors are actuated. Due to the motor displacement of one or both of the adjusting elements and the free movability in directions perpendicular hereto, a rotation of the holder  1  with support relative to the bowl  2  is effected and, accordingly, when used in a wing mirror of a vehicle, a rotation of the mirror-adjusting plate with mirror relative to the mirror housing in which the mirror housing frame with bowl are fixedly mounted. 
   During assembly, the bowl can already be fixedly secured on the mirror housing frame. The mirror actuator  35  with accessories can be assembled as a separate unit; this unit hence comprises the holder  1 , the support  21  containing the motors and the transmission mechanism and the mirror-adjusting plate  33  with mirror  34 . Subsequently, such unit can as a whole be snapped in the bowl in a simple manner, with the interposition of the dish. 
   The movement mechanism according to the invention enables a mirror actuator housing construction wherein the mirror rotation point S (see  FIG. 39 ) is a virtual rotation point, formed by the intersection of the X-axis and the Y-axis, relative to which the actuator housing, i.e. the holder  1  with the support  21  and accessories, is movably connected to the mirror housing frame, including bowl  2 , while the mirror-adjusting plate  33  with mirror  34  is fixedly mounted on the actuator housing. Further, in accordance with the invention, a mirror actuator housing construction is enabled wherein the drive means, i.e. the actuator  35 , in the actuator housing on the one hand and the mirror-adjusting plate  33  with mirror  34  on the other, are located on either side of the mirror rotation point S of the mirror-adjusting plate  33 . 
   The electrically adjustable mirror construction hitherto described is further particularly suitable for fitting an electric wiring for realizing, apart from the electric mirror adjustment, other functions for the use of the mirror in the mirror housing. Such functions may for instance relate to a mirror heating, electrically dimming of incident light, keeping the mirror water-free through vibrations, and the like. To that end, the edge  18  of the holder  1  ( FIG. 39 ) comprises an electric plug terminal  36  for a cable  37  realizing the connection to the electric board network of the vehicle. Further, on the mirror-adjusting plate  33 , a separate electric terminal  38  is present for an electric connection  39  to the plug terminal  36 . Likewise, a separate electric terminal  40  is present on the housing of the actuator  35  for an electric connection  41  to the plug terminal  36 , the lines  39  and  41  each forming a fixed looped through-connection of a number of cores of the line  37 . Since the actuator housing  35  moves along with the mirror-adjusting plate  33 , a vulnerable, flexible construction of the lines  39  and  41  is no longer necessary. 
   The invention is not limited to the embodiments described hereinabove with reference to the Figures, but comprises all kinds of modifications hereof, of course in so far as these fall within the protective scope of the following claims. In particular, reference be made to a construction as shown in  FIGS. 34–37 , where the dish  3  is on either side provided with outwardly bent lips or resilient elements  40 , i.e. lips or resilient elements directed both to the bowl  2  and to the holder  1 . In this manner, a defined friction between the bowl and the dish and between the dish and the holder can be realized.