Abstract:
A thermoelectric heat exchanger for heating or cooling a medium, that includes at least one first tube for carrying a first medium and at least one second tube for carrying the first medium. The second tube being arranged substantially parallel to the first tube. The thermoelectric heat exchanger also has a casing element that is interposed between the first and the second tube, the casing element comprising a first casing part that is connectable to the first tube and at least one second casing part that forms a fluid channel for a second medium. A thermoelectric element for heating or cooling the first or second medium is interposed between the first and second casing part, the thermoelectric element being closed relative to the first and/or the second medium in a fluid-tight manner via the casing element.

Description:
[0001]    This nonprovisional application is a continuation of International Application No. PCT/EP2010/068896, which was filed on Dec. 3, 2010, and which claims priority to German Patent Application No. DE 10 2009 058 673.3, which was filed in Germany on Dec. 16, 2009, and which are both herein incorporated by reference. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    1. Field of the Invention 
         [0003]    The present invention relates to a thermoelectric heat exchanger. 
         [0004]    2. Description of the Background Art 
         [0005]    Particularly in hybrid vehicles or battery-driven electric vehicles, conventional coolant-fed heaters can no longer be used for heating the passenger cell, since the correspondingly high and necessary coolant temperatures which occur in a vehicle having an internal combustion engine are no longer available. The interior should therefore be heated using an electrically fed heater. Since the existing stored electric energy must be used as economically as possible, heating devices of this type should operate as efficiently as possible. 
         [0006]    The heaters used in the conventional art (for example, in DE 10 2009 016 363) have the disadvantage that only low COP values are permitted and these heaters are thus not very efficient. At the same time, conventional heaters require a large installation space and are very heavy. In addition, conventional heaters are still very costly to operate and/or to manufacture. 
         [0007]    A means of generating thermal energy from electric energy and thus to heat or cool the passenger compartment must therefore be provided, particularly for vehicles. It should be possible to situate the installation location of a heater or cooler of this type centrally (e.g., in the air conditioning system) or locally (for example, in air vents or seats). 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0008]    It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an improved heat exchanger. 
         [0009]    In an embodiment, the present invention provides a thermoelectric heat exchanger for heating or cooling a medium, whereby the thermoelectric heat exchanger includes at least one first tube for carrying a first medium; at least one second tube for carrying the first medium, the second tube being disposed largely parallel to the first tube; and a casing element which is disposed between the first and second tubes, the casing element having a first casing part which is connected to the first tube, and the casing element furthermore having at least one second casing part which forms a fluid channel for a second medium, a thermoelectric element for heating or cooling the first or second medium being disposed between the first and second casing parts, and the thermoelectric element being sealed fluid-tight against the first and/or second medium by the casing element. 
         [0010]    The present invention is based on the finding that COP values of greater than  1  may be achieved using thermoelectric elements, in contrast to electric heaters (resistance heating) which are equipped only, for example, with PTC elements. Using the appropriate polarity of the thermoelectric elements, the system may also be used, for example, to cool the cabin air. In a configuration including the first and second tubes, which carry the first medium, and a casing element disposed therebetween, which forms a fluid channel for the second medium, a large heat exchange surface may be provided for heating or cooling the first or second medium. The thermoelectric element is favorably encapsulated or sealed fluid-tight against the first and/or second medium. In this manner, for example, the second medium may be brought to a higher temperature than the first medium, with the aid of the thermoelectric element, the temperature of the first medium being used as the starting variable for the temperature increase of the second medium by means of the thermoelectric element. The second medium may also be brought to a lower temperature than the first medium if a correspondingly reversed polarity of the thermoelectric element is used, compared to the application scenario described above. In this case, the temperature of the second medium is used as the output variable for the temperature reduction by the thermoelectric element. 
         [0011]    The present invention provides the advantage that either a heating function or a cooling function may now be implemented by the thermoelectric heat exchanger by applying a corresponding polarity to the thermoelectric element. The temperature of the other medium to be heated or to be cooled is used as the basis for the corresponding temperature increase or temperature reduction. 
         [0012]    According to an embodiment of the invention, the second casing part may have a plurality of openings, in particular oblong holes, which form the fluid channel for the second medium. Such a specific embodiment of the present invention offers the advantage of a particularly good thermal contact between the second medium and the thermoelectric element, since the second medium flows all the way through the second casing part, and a good heat transfer from the second medium to the second casing part or from the second casing part to the second medium is thus ensured. 
         [0013]    The second casing part may also have two part elements which mesh with each other in a comb-like manner and which favorably do not touch each other, and between which the fluid channel for the second medium is provided. Such a specific embodiment of the present invention permits a vary large heat transfer surface to be implemented in the fluid channel, so that an effective heat transfer between the second casing part and the second medium is enabled. 
         [0014]    In another embodiment of the present invention, the first tube may have at least one recess which permits a direct contact between the first medium and the first casing part when the first medium flows through the first tube. Such a specific embodiment of the present invention offers the advantage that a very good heat transfer coefficient between the first casing part and the first medium is ensured by the direct contact between the first medium and the first casing part. 
         [0015]    In another embodiment of the present invention, the casing element may furthermore have a third casing part which is connected to the second tube, another thermoelectric element being disposed between the third casing part and the second casing part, and the additional thermoelectric element furthermore being sealed fluid-tight against the first and second media. Such a specific embodiment of the present invention offers the advantage that the temperature of the second medium may also be influenced by the second thermoelectric element. This control is carried out from one side of the second tube, in which a portion of the first medium also flows, so that the second medium in the fluid channel of the second casing part may be brought more quickly to the desired setpoint temperature by means of a configuration of this type. 
         [0016]    In still another embodiment of the invention, the casing element may furthermore have at least one casing part which is made of a ceramic material and/or has a coating which contains a ceramic material. Such a specific embodiment of the present invention offers the advantage that an expansion or deformation of the corresponding casing part may be minimized depending on the material, even if there are major temperature changes due to the thermoelectric element. 
         [0017]    To minimize the manufacturing costs of the thermoelectric heat exchanger, the casing element may have at least one casing part which is manufactured from a plastic material. 
         [0018]    It is particularly favorable for a high heat transfer coefficient from the casing part to the first and/or second medium if the second casing part has a ribbing which is manufactured from a metallic material. 
         [0019]    In an embodiment of the invention, the ribbing may have upward bends which are embedded in another material of the second casing part. Such a specific embodiment of the present invention offers the advantage that, on the one hand, a cost-effective material such as a plastic may be used for the second casing part, while a high heat transfer coefficient may simultaneously be provided for transferring heat or cold to the second medium. 
         [0020]    The casing element may also have a heat exchange region in which an exchange of heat between the first medium and the second medium is enabled without intervention by the thermoelectric element. Such a specific embodiment of the present invention offers the advantage that, if a higher temperature difference exists between the first and second media, this temperature difference may be reduced in the heat exchange region (i.e., the temperatures of the first and second media converge), without electric energy having to be applied in the thermoelectric element for this purpose. The fact that the thermoelectric element uses primarily electric energy to increase or reduce the temperature of the medium to be heated or cooled beyond the temperature of the medium used as the starting may thus be easily ensured. 
         [0021]    It should also be noted that thermoelectric elements themselves may often be quite expensive. In order to further increase a temperature of one of the two media, using a component which is economical to manufacture, in addition to the aforementioned specific embodiments, the casing element may have a heating region which includes at least one embedded heating element, in particular at least one PTC element, in another specific embodiment of the present invention. An increase in the temperature of the first medium in the first tube or an increase of the second medium in the fluid channel may thus be achieved in the heating region, with the aid of the at least one heating element. 
         [0022]    Further scope of applicability of the present invention will become apparent from the detailed description given hereinafter. However, it should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating preferred embodiments of the invention, are given by way of illustration only, since various changes and modifications within the spirit and scope of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from this detailed description. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0023]    The present invention will become more fully understood from the detailed description given hereinbelow and the accompanying drawings which are given by way of illustration only, and thus, are not limitive of the present invention, and wherein: 
           [0024]      FIG. 1  shows an isometric representation of a thermoelectric heat exchanger (TE-HC]); 
           [0025]      FIG. 2  shows an isometric representation of a thermoelectric heat exchanger or thermoelectric generator (TEG) in a longitudinal sectional view, according to the prior art; 
           [0026]      FIG. 3  shows a general sketch of a thermoelectric module in a cross-sectional view; 
           [0027]      FIG. 4  shows a general sketch of an isometric representation of an exemplary embodiment of a TEM in a sectional view; 
           [0028]      FIG. 5  shows a section of a basic TEM in a cross-sectional view; 
           [0029]      FIG. 6  shows an isometric representation of a section of a basic TEM; 
           [0030]      FIG. 7  shows a general sketch of a TEM casing in a cross-sectional view; 
           [0031]      FIGS. 8-10  show representations of a TEM tube or TEM mounting in a cross-sectional view; 
           [0032]      FIG. 11  shows an isometric representation of a section of a TE-HC in a sectional height view; 
           [0033]      FIG. 12  shows an isometric representation of a TE-HC in a sectional width view; 
           [0034]      FIG. 13  shows an isometric representation of sections of a TE-HC; 
           [0035]      FIG. 14  shows a representation of a section of a TE-HC in a depth view from above; 
           [0036]      FIG. 15  shows a representation of a section of a TE-HC in a sectional depth view; 
           [0037]      FIG. 16  shows an isometric representation of a section of a second, ribbed main casing part; 
           [0038]      FIG. 17  shows an isometric representation of a section of a TE-HC; 
           [0039]      FIG. 18  shows a representation of a section of a TE-HC in a depth view from above; 
           [0040]      FIG. 19  shows a representation of a section of a TE-HC in a sectional depth view; 
           [0041]      FIG. 20  shows an isometric representation of a section of a second, ribbed main casing part; 
           [0042]      FIG. 21  shows a representation of a section of a TE-HC in a depth view from above; 
           [0043]      FIG. 22  shows an isometric representation of a metallic ribbing for a section of a plastic casing; 
           [0044]      FIG. 23  shows an isometric representation of a metallic ribbing for a section of a plastic casing; 
           [0045]      FIG. 24  shows an isometric representation of a metallic ribbing and a TEM in a section of a plastic casing in a sectional height view; 
           [0046]      FIG. 25  shows an isometric representation of a TE-HC which includes sheet metal strips as metallic ribbing, and a TEM which has a plastic casing; 
           [0047]      FIG. 26  shows an isometric representation of sheet metal strips as metallic ribbing; 
           [0048]      FIG. 27  shows a representation of a section of a TE-HC in a sectional depth view; 
           [0049]      FIG. 28  shows a representation of a schematic configuration of the module components; 
           [0050]      FIG. 29  shows another representation of a schematic configuration of the module components; 
           [0051]      FIG. 30  shows another representation of a schematic configuration of different module components; 
           [0052]      FIG. 31  shows another representation of a schematic configuration of different module components; 
           [0053]      FIG. 32  shows another representation of a schematic configuration of different module components; and 
           [0054]      FIG. 33  shows another representation of a schematic configuration of different module components. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0055]    In the following description of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention, identical or similar reference numerals are used for the elements illustrated in the different drawings and having a similar function, these elements not being described repeatedly. The exemplary embodiments described have been selected only by way of example and may be combined with each other. 
         [0056]      FIG. 1  shows a thermoelectric heat exchanger ( 1 ), which may also be referred to as a thermoelectric heater and cooler (TE-HC). The TE-HC is a heat exchanger which is equipped with thermoelectric (TE) modules (TEM), which, in turn, include thermoelectrically active materials. If the TEMs are operating using electricity, the TE-HC may be used as a heater and as a cooler, since the two opposite main surfaces of the TEMs are in contact with a heat source in the form of the first medium (e.g., coolant or air), on the one hand, and with a heat sink in the form of the second medium (e.g., air or coolant), on the other hand. The TEMs remove heat from the one medium and transport it to the other medium (heat pump or Peltier effect). The media are conducted past each other accordingly within the TE-HC. The present description is aimed, in particular, at the type of connection between the TEMs and the heat exchanger as well as the design thereof. 
         [0057]    TE-HC  1  illustrated in  FIG. 1  largely comprises the following components: tubes  2 , thermoelectric modules TEM  3 , a ribbing  4 , a collecting tube  5 , connecting flanges/connectors/ lines  6  and possibly turbulence inserts  7  (which are not illustrated in  FIG. 1 ). 
         [0058]    TE-HC  1  illustrated herein (i.e., the thermoelectric heater and cooler) is illustrated isometrically in  FIG. 1 . Its design represents a cross-flow radiator heat exchanger, from a structural, thermodynamic perspective. Conversely, TE-HC  1  may also be used as a thermoelectric generator (TEG=thermoelectric generator), in which case a sufficiently large temperature difference should be present at TEM  3 . 
         [0059]    The thermoelectric generator (TEG) described in the publication DE 10 2009 016 363.8 may also be used as TE-HC  1 , in which case TEM  3  included therein not being used for power generation but, conversely, being operated by electricity in order to achieve a heating or cooling effect. 
         [0060]      FIG. 2  shows a general isometric representation of a longitudinal section of a TE-HC/TEG  1  according to the apparatus described in the publication DE 10 2009 016 363.8. 
         [0061]    The operation of a TE-HC  1  may be generally described as follows: 
         [0062]    In TE-HC  1 , two media  11 ,  12  having the same or different temperature are conducted past each other in a cross flow along a transfer route  8 ,  9 ,  10 , which is designed to have power-operated TEMs  3 , causing heat to be transported from one medium  11 ,  12  to the other or causing the heat to be “pumped” from one side  11 ,  12  to the other. The two media  11 ,  12  are separated by TEMs  3  and/or tubes  2 , so that they do not mix with each other. One of media  11 ,  12  flows in tubes  2 . One medium  12  is, for example, supply air or circulating air, while other medium  11  is, for example, a water/Glysantin mixture (coolant). Air  12  is taken, for example, from the vehicle interior or the surroundings, while water/Glysantin mixture  11  is taken from a coolant circuit for cooling/heating different engine, air conditioning or battery components. 
         [0063]      FIG. 3  shows a sectional view of a basic configuration of components of a TEM  3 . TEM  3  largely comprises the following main components as standard: TE-active materials  14 , e.g., semiconductors, electric conductors  15 , a connecting cable  16 .  FIG. 4  shows a general sketch of an isometric representation of an exemplary TEM embodiment. 
         [0064]    TEM  3  optionally includes the following additional components: at least one (ribbed) casing  17  and/or a filler in space  18  between the thermoelectric materials. 
         [0065]    The operation of a TEM  3  may be generally described as follows: 
         [0066]    On the outside of TEM  3 , a heat source is present on one side  11 ,  12  and a heat sink is present on other side  12 ,  11 , causing heat to be transported from one side  11 ,  12  to other side  12 ,  11  on the basis of the current which is present, thus producing a change in temperature of the two media  11 - 12 . A generation of heat within TE-HC  1 /TEM  3  may be carried out as follows: 
         [0067]    The separating plane/surface between one side  11 ,  12  and the other side  11 ,  12  is represented primarily by thermoelectric module TEM  3 . This means that one side  11 ,  12  of TEM  3  is in direct or indirect contact with first medium  11 , and the other side  12 ,  11  is in direct or indirect contact with second medium  12 . [Due to] the electron and positive hole migration initiated by the electric current within thermoelectrically active materials  14  (e.g., semiconductor materials) of TEM  3 , heat is removed from one side  11 ,  12  and supplied to the other side  12 ,  11  (Peltier effect). The heat transport process intensifies the electron and positive hole migration even further, but must be maintained by an electric voltage applied to TEM  3 . This produces a temperature difference  11 - 12  between the one side  11 - 12  and other side  11 - 12  of TEM  3 . The electric current is taken, for example, from an electric storage unit (e.g., battery) and supplied via electric cables  16 , which lead to or into TEM  3  and are connected thereto. 
         [0068]    TEM  3  is constructed as illustrated, for example, according to  FIG. 5  or  FIG. 6 . A plurality of thermoelectrically active materials  14  (e.g., n-doped and p-doped semiconductors) are connected to each other alternatingly in TEM  3  via electric conductors  15 . The geometric orientation of thermoelectrically (TE) active materials  14  is in the direction of the heat flow from the side  11 ,  12  to other side  12 ,  11 . PbTe or BiTe may be used, for example, as the material of TE-active materials  14 . 
         [0069]    TE-active materials  14  do not touch each other, for which reason a space  18  is provided between TE-active materials  14 . For reasons of efficiency, the ratio between the volume of TE-active materials  14  and the volume of space  18  should, in principle, be as high as possible. 
         [0070]    To set the desired electric voltages and current flows, TEM  3 -internal  13  semiconductor  14  conductor materials  15  may be connected in a row or in parallel. This also applies to the electric interconnection of multiple TEMs  3 . 
         [0071]    TEM  3  itself may be designed, for example, as described in DE 10 2009 016 363. TEMs  3  described therein are used in the exemplary embodiment described above not only as power generators but also as heaters and coolers. Additional specific embodiments of TEMs  3  are described in greater detail below. 
         [0072]    A general casing  17  of TEM  3  is first provided, as illustrated in a two-part design in  FIGS. 7  ( 17   a  and  17   b ). Thermoelectrically active materials  14  and conductor materials  15  may be electrically insulated toward the outside  11 ,  12 . For this purpose, TEM  3  is surrounded by an electrically insulating casing layer  17  on all sides  11 ,  12 , . . . . This casing layer, or casing  17  (hereinafter also referred to synonymously as casing element) surrounds a TEM  3  and also protects the internal electric components  14 ,  15  from penetrating dirt as well as from moisture and, if necessary, liquids. 
         [0073]    A ceramic material or a metallic material (high-grade steel, aluminum, copper, etc.) or a plastic is used, for example, as casing material  17 . Casing  17  may have a single part, two part or multi-part design  17   a,    17   b.  Casing parts  17  are connected to each other media-tight. This may be done by soldering, welding, gluing or using fillers (e.g., silicone). 
         [0074]      FIG. 7  shows a general sketch of such a TEM casing  17  in a cross-sectional view. 
         [0075]    A casing  17  made of a high-grade steel or other metal should additionally have an electrically insulating layer  19  between thermoelectric semiconductor conductor material  14 ,  15  and the metal, as illustrated in  FIGS. 8 ,  9  and  10 . According to one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, this layer  19  is a ceramic coating  19 . This layer may be applied, for example by thermal spraying or sputtering or by another common coating method. A thin-walled ceramic sheet  19  or a ceramic film  19  or a ceramic green body  19  may also be soldered or sintered to metallic substrate  17 . 
         [0076]    Constructions of TEM  3 , a TEM tube  2  or a TEM  3  mounting  20  may thus be provided, for example as illustrated in  FIGS. 8 through 10 . Metallic casing parts  17   a  and  17   b  are connected to each other and may be soldered or welded, preferably laser-welded. Mounting  20  is connected to metallic casing  17  and may be soldered or welded, preferably laser-welded, thereto, according to the invention. Mounting  20  is installed in a heat exchanger  1  (see  FIG. 2 , for example) and connected thereto. 
         [0077]    General embodiment variants of TE-HC  1  may furthermore be described as follows: 
         [0078]    TE-HC  1  may be installed in the vehicle in a vertical, horizontal or other installation position. It may be accommodated, for example, in an air conditioning system, an air vent, a vehicle seat or underneath the interior paneling of the vehicle. It may be operated air-to-air with the aid of media  11 ,  12  or preferably fluid-to-air with the aid of media  11 ,  12 . According to the orientation in  FIG. 1 , any depth  10 , height  9  or width  8  of TE-HC  1  may be selected, depending on the installation location, installation space and media  11 ,  12  used in each case. 
         [0079]    Collecting tube  5  may be designed as follows: 
         [0080]    TE-HC  1  has one collecting tube  5  (for example, according to  FIG. 11 ) or two collecting tubes  5  (for example, according to  FIG. 12 ), which combine first medium  11  before and/or after the heat exchange in TE-HC  1 . 
         [0081]    Collecting tubes  5  may communicate with connections  6  (e.g., flanges, hoses, cables, connectors), which carry first medium  11  to TE-HC  1  or away from TE-HC  1 . Collecting tube  5  is equipped with a corresponding opening for this purpose. Collecting tube  5  and connections  6  are connected to each other media-tight. 
         [0082]    Collecting tube  5  may have a one-part or multi-part design, for example including a cover and a base. Collecting tube  5  may be manufactured from an aluminum, copper or plastic material or from a combination of these materials (e.g., a first part  5   a  made of plastic, a second part  5   b  made of aluminum). Individual parts  5   a ,  5   b  are manufactured according to the material (e.g., extrusion, injection molding, stamping). According to the materials used, the parts of collecting tube  5   a,    5   b  are joined together mechanically (e.g., by clamping) or integrally (e.g., by soldering or welding). In principle, collecting tube  5  may be provided in a standard design, as is common for conventional heating elements, coolant coolers or condensers in the vehicle. 
         [0083]    Collecting tube  5  may also be designed to have a partition wall, which enables TE-HC  1  to be operated with multiple passages. 
         [0084]    Collecting tube  5  communicates with a plurality of tubes  2  (see  FIG. 11 , for example). For this purpose, collecting tube  5  is equipped with a plurality of openings  21  (see  FIG. 15 , for example) which corresponds to one of tubes  2  and via which first medium  11  may be distributed from collecting tube  5  to tubes  2  or via which first medium  11  may be conducted from tubes  2  to collecting tube  5  and combined therein. Openings  21  are designed according to the shape of tube  2 . Collecting tube  5  and tubes  2  are connected to each other media-tight. 
         [0085]    In principle, tubes  2  may be provided in a standard design, as is common for conventional heating elements, coolant coolers, evaporators or condensers and gas coolers in the vehicle. Tubes  2  are preferably flat tubes  2  in this case. Any number of tubes  2  may be provided both in width direction  8  and in depth direction  10 . In width direction  8  and/or depth direction  10 , they are oriented largely parallel to each other and do not touch each other. First medium  11  flows in the interior of tube  2 . Second medium  12  flows outside tubes  2 . A basic configuration of tubes  2  of the heat exchanger is illustrated in  FIGS. 11 through 15 . 
         [0086]    Tubes  2  may have webs on the inside  11 , by means of which first medium  11  is distributed to multiple chambers in tube  2 . The webs increase the stability of tube  2  and improve heat transport. Tubes  2  may also be ribbed or profiled on the inside. 
         [0087]    An increase in the effectiveness of TE-HC  1  may also be achieved by inserting turbulence inserts  7 , which are not illustrated in the figures, into the interior of tube  2 . 
         [0088]    Tube  2  is preferably manufactured from an aluminum or copper material, although it may also be made of a plastic, a ceramic or a corrosion-resistant steel. 
         [0089]    Tubes  2  are fitted with or contacted to TEMs  3  on their outside, which is assigned to second medium  12 . Tube  2 , or the combination of tube  2  and TEMs  3 , is designed to be media-tight toward the inside  11  as well as the outside  12 . The outer shape of TEM  3  or casing  17  of TEM  3  is adapted to the shape of tube  2 , so that TEM  3  is connected to tube  2  as much as possible and over the largest possible area on its side facing tube  2 . 
         [0090]    In the preferred flat tube design of tube  2 , the planar, outer upper and lower sides of tube  2  are each fitted with TEMs  3 , so that the upper and lower sides of the particular TEM  3  is contacted to tube  2 , and the other side of TEM  3  is in contact with second medium  12 . The first main surface of TEM  3  is thus assigned directly or indirectly to first medium  11 , and the other main surface of TEM  3  is assigned primarily directly to second medium  12 . 
         [0091]    Tube  2  is largely fitted with one or multiple TEMs  2  over its entire length  9 , so that the number of TEMs  3  corresponds, for example, at least to twice the number of tubes  2  of TE-HC  1 . 
         [0092]    Ribs  4 , such as corrugated ribs or layered sheets, may be provided between two TEMs  3  on the outside in the material flow of second medium  12 , it being possible to assign these ribs  4  separately as well as to TEM  3  itself.  FIGS. 13 ,  14  and  15  show representations of exemplary embodiments in which casing  17  has ribs  4  of this type. 
         [0093]    The connection between tube  2  and TEM  3  depends on the materials provided for tube  2  and casing  17  of TEM  3 . A welding, soldering or gluing may therefore be provided. A force-fit or form-locked connection is also possible. The same applies to the connection between TEMs  3  and outer ribbing  4  (second medium  12 ), provided that ribbing  4  and TEMs  3  are not already materially cohesive and thus made from a single part. 
         [0094]    If TEM  3  is in direct contact with first medium  11 , a ribbing  4  may be provided on the main surface of TEM  3  facing first medium  11 . 
         [0095]    An embodiment variant of TE-HC  1  may furthermore be used in which a ceramic casing  17 , in particular, is used for TEMs  3 . Casing  17  of TEM  3  is then made of a two-part or multi-part ceramic material (e.g., aluminum oxide). One of the two main casing parts  17   a  or  17   b  is connected to tube  2 , tube  2  being able to have one or more recesses  22 , so that the first of the two main casing parts  17   a  is, on the one hand, partially in direct contact with first medium  11 , which flows in the interior of tube  2 , and, on the other hand, is connected at least partially to tube  2 . Second main casing part  17   b  of TEM  3  on the other main side of TEM  3  faces second medium  12  and is in direct contact therewith. According to the representations in  FIGS. 13 through 16 , for example, this second main casing part  17   b  is profiled/ribbed  4  in such a way that ribbing  4  meshes in a toothed rack-like or comb-like manner with second main casing part  17   b  of an adjacent, diametrically opposed TEM  3 , which is attached to the closest adjacent tube  2 . 
         [0096]    Gaps  23 , through which a fluid channel is formed, through which second medium  12  may flow, are provided between alternating teeth/ribs  4  of the two main casing parts  17   b  of the two TEMs  3 . The two second main casing parts  17   b  of the two TEMs  3  therefore do not touch each other. 
         [0097]    TE-active materials  14  and associated conductor materials  15  are introduced within casing parts  17  of a TEM  3 . Casing parts  17  are connected to each other media-tight. Casing parts  17  may be extruded, injection-molded or compression molded. 
         [0098]      FIGS. 11 through 16  show exemplary embodiments of the aforementioned configurations. 
         [0099]    According to another specific embodiment of the invention, casing  17  of TEM  3  may also be made of a two-part or multi-part ceramic material (e.g., aluminum oxide). For example, one of the two main casing parts  17   a  is connected to tube  2 , tube  2  being able to have one or multiple recesses  22 , so that the first of the two main casing parts  17   a  is, on the one hand, partially in direct contact with first medium  11 , which flows in the interior of tube  2 , and, on the other hand, is connected at least partially to tube  2 . Second main casing part  17   b  of TEM  3  on the other main side of TEM  3  faces second medium  12  and is in direct contact therewith. This second casing part  17   b  is simultaneously assigned to another second TEM  3 , which is located adjacent to first TEM  3  in width direction  8  and is diametrically opposed thereto, and this second TEM  3  is attached to closest adjacent tube  2  and thus also forms second main casing part  17   b  of this second TEM  3 . In this embodiment variant according to  FIGS. 17 through 20 , second casing part  17   b  is provided with a plurality of openings  24  which penetrate casing part  17   b  in depth direction  10  and which are preferably designed in the shape of oblong holes, thereby ultimately creating a ribbing  4  of TEMs  3  associated with main casing part  17   b.  Second medium  12  flows through openings  24  in casing  17   b.    
         [0100]    TE-active materials  14  and associated conductor materials  15  are introduced within casing parts  17  of a TEM  3 . Casing parts  17  are connected to each other media-tight. Casing parts  17  may be extruded, injection-molded or compression molded. 
         [0101]    This embodiment variant of the present invention may also be designed, in particular, according to  FIGS. 11 and 12  as well as  FIGS. 17 through 20 . 
         [0102]    According to another embodiment variant of the present invention, ribbing  4  of ceramic casing part  17   b  of TEM  3  may also be metallic, preferably a high temperature-resistant, high grade steel or a nickel-based material or an aluminum or copper alloy.  FIG. 21  shows a sectional representation of an exemplary embodiment of this type in a depth view from above. 
         [0103]    In an embodiment variant of this type, ribbing  4  may be integrally connected to ceramic casing part  17   b  of TEM  3  in the case of the sintering thereof by metallizing  25  the surface of the ceramic prior to sintering. In this design, metallization  25  itself represents ribbing  4 ,  25 . 
         [0104]    Alternatively, metallic ribbing  4  may be soldered onto the ceramic after the sintering thereof, in which case the ceramic substrate should also be metallized  25  on its surface ahead of time. 
         [0105]    Ribbing  4  may be integrally assigned to one or two casing parts  17   b  of one or two TEMs  3 . 
         [0106]    Such an embodiment variant of the present invention described above may also be designed, in particular, according to  FIGS. 11 and 12  as well as  FIG. 21 . 
         [0107]    An embodiment variant of TE-HC  1  may furthermore be used in which a plastic casing  17  is used, in particular, for TEMs  3 . Such embodiment variants of the present invention may be designed in the manner according to  FIGS. 11 and 12  as well as  21  and  22  through  26 . 
         [0108]    Casing  17  of TEM  3  is then made of a two-part or multi-part plastic (e.g., PP or PA). In other respects, this variant corresponds to the embodiment of the first embodiment variant described with reference to  FIGS. 11 through 16 . 
         [0109]    Casing parts  17  may be extruded or injection-molded. The plastic may include heat-conducting additives such as graphite, ceramic or metal powder. 
         [0110]    Casing  17  of TEM  3  is made of a two-part or multi-part plastic (e.g., PP or PA). In other respects, this variant corresponds to the embodiment of the second embodiment variant described with reference to  FIGS. 17 through 20 . 
         [0111]    TE-active materials  14  and associated conductor materials  15  are introduced within casing parts  17  of a TEM  3 . Casing parts  17  are connected to each other media-tight. Casing parts  17  may be extruded, injection-molded or compression molded. 
         [0112]    In this specific embodiment, ribbing  4  of plastic casing part  1  of the TEM (as illustrated, for example in  FIGS. 22 through 26 ) is metallic, preferably an aluminum or copper material. Ribbing  4  may be designed according to the publication DE 10 2008 059 737 and be connected to the plastic in the manner illustrated therein. Ribbing  4  is referred to as conducting element  4  in this publication. Instead of the ribbing-tube connection described therein, the present TE-HC invention is aimed at a connection between a ribbing and a casing part  17 . The connection mechanisms are thus transferred to the application described herein. Parts of metallic ribbing  4  essentially penetrate plastic casing part  17   b,  which creates a connection thereto. This approach is illustrated, for example, in  FIG. 24 . The individual metal ribs, which have corresponding openings and/or convex portions, are illustrated by way of example in  FIGS. 22 and 23 .  FIG. 25  shows an isometric view of a heat exchanger  1  having sheet metal strips as metallic ribbing  4  and TEMs  3  which include plastic casing  17 .  FIG. 26  shows an isometric representation of a sheet metal strip as metallic ribbing  4 . 
         [0113]    Ribbing  4  may be assigned to one or two casing parts  17   b  of one or two TEMs  3 . According to the invention, ribbing  4  is preferably assigned to two TEMs  3 . 
         [0114]    In other embodiment variants of the present invention in the form of TE-HC  1 , a metallic casing  17  for TEMs  3  may be used, in particular. 
         [0115]    In an embodiment variant of this type, for example, casing  17  of TEM  3  may be made of a two-part or multi-part ceramic-coated metal  19  (e.g., aluminum, copper, high-grade steel). This variant corresponds, in principle to the first embodiment variant described, which was described with reference to  FIGS. 11 through 16 . 
         [0116]    In an exemplary embodiment of this type, ribbing  4  of casing part  17  may be introduced into casing part  17  by a forming process (stamping and/or embossing, deep-drawing) if the casing part is a metal sheet. Ribbing  4  may subsequently be compressed so that fewer cavities are produced within  13  TEM  3 . An embodiment variant of this type is illustrated, for example, in  FIG. 27 . 
         [0117]    Otherwise, casing part  17  including ribbing  4  could also be designed as a solid part which may be extruded, cast, investment cast, impact-extruded, die-cast or machined, ribbing  4  in this case being already included in casing part  17  without any additional forming steps. This approach would correspond to an embodiment variant illustrated in  FIG. 15 . 
         [0118]    Ribbing  4  may also be soldered onto casing  17 , as illustrated in  FIG. 21 , or be built up without any metallization  25 . 
         [0119]    In another embodiment variant of the present invention, the casing of TEM  3  may be made of a two-part or multi-part ceramic-coated metal  19  (e.g., aluminum, copper, high-grade steel). In principle, this variant corresponds to the second embodiment variant described above, so that ribbing  4  is assigned two TEMs  3 , it being possible to design ribbing  4  as illustrated under the sixth embodiment variant mentioned above. This would correspond to a structure or a similar configuration of components as illustrated in  FIG. 19 . 
         [0120]    In addition to the exemplary embodiments of the present invention described above, additional embodiment variants of TE-HC  1  may also be considered. 
         [0121]    For example, a first section, which is not covered by TEMs  3 , may be located on tubes  2  in the inlet region of second medium  12  in heat exchanger  1 . This approach would correspond to an configuration of components as illustrated in  FIG. 28 . In this first section, the space in width direction  8  between one tube  2  and tube  2  located therebeneath or thereabove may be filled with ribs  4 , ribs  4  being connected to tubes  2 . This first section is equivalent to a heat exchanger device  26 . TEMs  3  are connected to tubes  2  in the second section. This second section corresponds to TE-HC  1 . This approach may be advantageous if first medium  11  is relatively warm and second medium  12  is relatively cold, and second medium  12  is to be heated. 
         [0122]    In another embodiment variant of the present invention, a tube column/series  2 , which is not covered by TEMs  3 , may be located in the inlet region of second medium  12  in width direction  8 . An embodiment variant of this type is illustrated by way of example in  FIG. 29 . The space in width direction  8  between one tube  2  and tube  2  located therebeneath or thereabove may be filled with ribs  4 , ribs  4  being connected to tubes  2 . This first tube row  2  is equivalent to a heat exchanger device  26 . A second tube row  2 , which is connected to TEMs  3 , is connected downstream from first tube row  2 . This second tube row  2  corresponds to TE-HC  1 . This approach may be advantageous if first medium  11  is relatively warm and second medium  12  is relatively cold, and second medium  12  is to be heated. 
         [0123]    In another specific embodiment of the present invention, a PTC heater  27  is integrated into TE-HC  1 , according to the embodiment variants described above, PTC heater components  27  being connected downstream from the components of TE-HC  1  in a preferred embodiment, so that the components of TE-HC  1  preheat corresponding medium  11 ,  12 , and PTC heater components  27  further heat medium  11 ,  12 . A configuration of this type is illustrated, for example, in  FIG. 31 ,  32  or  33 . In this manner, a thermoelectric heat exchanger is described in which the casing element has a heating region which includes at least one embedded heating element, in particular at least one PTC element, an increase in the temperature of the first medium in the first tube or an increase of the second medium in the fluid channel being enabled in the heating region with the aid of the at least one heating element. 
         [0124]    PTC heater components  27  include for example, ceramic PTC elements, metal sheets which are thermally connected to the PTC elements, elements which perform an electric separation between the metal sheets and PTC elements, ribs which are situated between the metal sheets and are connected thereto, and corresponding electric cables and electric insulation of the electric components. 
         [0125]    PTC heater components  27  may be connected to TE-HC  1 . This would apply, in particular to the metal sheets which are connected to collecting tubes  5  of TE-HC  1 . However, PTC heater components  27  may also be accommodated in a separate component, PTC heater  2 , as illustrated in  FIG. 32 , no direct connection to TE-HC  1  existing in this case. TE-HC  1  and PTC heater  27  may be accommodated in a common housing in this case. Both embodiments thus represent an integration of PTC heater  27  into TE-HC  1 . 
         [0126]    A combination of the embodiment variants described above may also be considered, in which a heat exchanger device  26  first permits a temperature equalization of the temperatures of the first and second media, after which the components of TE-HC  1  act upon the corresponding medium and finally the corresponding medium to be heated is heated by a heater stage  27 . Embodiment variants of this type are shown in  FIGS. 30 and 31 , a configuration in which the individual elements are formed as separate units being shown in  FIG. 30 , and a configuration in which the units described above are integrated into a standard and compact thermoelectric heat exchanger without any separating elements being shown in  FIG. 31 . 
         [0127]    In other preferred specific embodiments, a flow involving the first medium may pass through the devices in  FIGS. 28 through 33  via a bypass channel in such a way that first medium  11  is applied to either region  1  and/or region  26  and/or region  27 . 
         [0128]    The invention being thus described, it will be obvious that the same may be varied in many ways. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the spirit and scope of the invention, and all such modifications as would be obvious to one skilled in the art are to be included within the scope of the following claims.