Abstract:
Automatic control of parameters of optical components such as colored losers in a transmit side WDM system includes the following steps. At a receiver side (NE 21 -NE 2   n )) predefined characteristics of a received signal are measured. The results (MEAS) of these measurements are communicated to a remote control system (NMS 1 ) which runs an algorithm to determine corrective adjustment parameters (ADJ) and communicates them to the transmitter side (NE 11 -NE 1   n ), which adjusts the optical components accordingly. The adjustment algorithm is implemented in one of the affected network elements or in the related network management system, preferably in the element manager (NMS 1 ) of the affected network elements. The measurements are provided automatically to the algorithm; the related adjustments are provided automatically to the network elements, which contain the transmitters to be adjusted.

Description:
[0001]    The invention is based on a priority application EP 02 360 220.4 which is hereby incorporated by reference.  
         FIELD OF THE INVENTION  
         [0002]    The present invention relates to the field of telecommunications and more particularly to the control and adjustment of parameters which define characteristics of optical components in an optical wavelength-division-multiplex (WDM) transmission system.  
         BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0003]    Optical transmission systems use wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) to transport a number of client signals (also termed tributary signals) over a common physical medium such as an optical fiber link. Each tributary signal is assigned a separate wavelength within the spectral band of the multiplex signal. A WDM-based transmission system known as OTN (optical transport network) is defined in ITU-T G.709 (02/2001), which is incorporated by reference herein. OTN allows resource management in a WDM transmission network.  
           [0004]    The optical transmitter and wavelength multiplexer, which forms the multiplex signal, contain optical components such as lasers for each wavelength. The requirements on the precision of these components are relatively high. On the other hand, aging and other effects like temperature variations may influence the optical characteristics of such components. Therefore, certain parameters which define the characteristics of optical components in a WDM systems may require adjustment from time to time.  
           [0005]    The basis of the adjustment are measurements on the receive side of a WDM link. Corrective measures are determined from the measurements according to an algorithm. Collection of measurements, execution of the algorithm and adjustment of the parameters in the transmitter must be done manually by an operator. This implies many activities for the human operator as the adjustment algorithm is typically complex and iterative, and is prone to errors. The result of errors can be transmission hits, thus degraded service by the operator.  
           [0006]    The adjustment is even more complex if the transmitters, which must be adjusted, and receivers, which perform the measurements, are not located within the same WDM system, i.e. within a transponder, but in other network elements such as optical cross-connects. In this case, the measurements, the algorithm, and the adjustments are distributed over several network elements.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0007]    Accordingly, a need has arisen for a method and associated control system which allows simplified control and adjustment of parameters which define characteristics of optical components in an optical wavelength-division-multiplex (WDM) transmission system.  
           [0008]    These and other objects which appear below are achieved by a method of controlling parameters of optical components in a transmit side WDM system which includes the following steps. At a receiver side predefined characteristics of a received signal are measured. The results of these measurements are communicated to a remote control system which determines therefrom corrective adjustment parameters according to a predetermined algorithm. The corrective parameters are then communicated from the remote control system to the transmitter side, which adjusts the optical components accordingly.  
           [0009]    The present invention provides the technical advantages that adjustment is faster once a problem is recognized, that the risk of errors is reduced, that the adjustment does not depend on the availability of operator personnel but is always running, only depending on the availability of the remote control system.  
           [0010]    The adjustment algorithm is implemented in one of the affected network elements (NEs) or in the related network management system (NMS), preferably in the element manager of the affected NEs. The measurements are provided automatically to the algorithm; the related adjustments are provided automatically to the NEs, which contain the transmitters to be adjusted. It is thus more likely to react on problems in time to avoid traffic impact. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0011]    Preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:  
         [0012]    [0012]FIG. 1 shows the principle of the present invention; and  
         [0013]    [0013]FIG. 2 shows adjustment of optical components in a transmit side WDM multiplexer based on measurements taken in a receive side WDM multiplexer;  
         [0014]    [0014]FIG. 3 shows an I/O port of the multiplexers in FIG. 2;  
         [0015]    [0015]FIG. 4 shows adjustment of optical components located outside the WDM network. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
       [0016]    A WDM multiplex signal is composed of n (e.g. 64) single wavelength signals assigned within a predefined spectral band. Each single wavelength is generated by a dedicated laser, which is therefore termed colored laser. While it would be desirable to have lasers which can be tuned to any wavelength with in the spectral band so that each laser would be freely configurable within the entire band, for technical and economical reasons this is not possible today. Colored lasers exist which can emit one predefined wavelength within the band. Other more advanced lasers can be configured to any of a set of up to four predefined wavelengths. This imposes some restrictions on the wavelengths a particular tributary signal can use on its way through the network.  
         [0017]    Anyway, each laser must be tunable at least around its dedicated or configured wavelength to ensure that the compound multiplex signal can be properly generated and transmitted, as due to aging and other long-term influences, the center wavelength can shift away from the nominal value and would thus overlap into the adjacent wavelength channel. Adjustment of optical properties of a laser is in principle known and can for example be achieved by applying appropriate bias voltage to control the optical length of the laser cavity.  
         [0018]    Other optical components that may require adjustment include for example transmitter side wavelength filters, optical gratings, and modulators. Therefore, a number of parameters of the transmitted wavelengths have to be adjusted. These parameters depend e.g. on the number of wavelengths transmitted and the aging of the optical components.  
         [0019]    In case adjustments have to be done, potentially all transmitters of wavelengths are involved in the adjustments, not only the wavelength which measurements indicated that an adjustment is required. The algorithm which determines the required adjustments has the measurements as inputs and the transmitter parameters as output. In the preferred embodiment, the algorithms for the adjustment are completely independent for both directions of the WDM system. However, it would also be possible that the algorithms for the two directions depend on each other.  
         [0020]    The actual implementation of an adjustment algorithm depends on the type and design of the components to be tuned. It can be derived from stored empirical data, from theoretical considerations or it can be an iterative algorithm designed to drive a deviation of the measured data from a nominal value to zero or any combination of the aforementioned. The algorithm is implemented in the form of a software program stored on a storage and run on one or more processors of the control system that hosts the algorithm. It would be apparent to those skilled in the art how to realize the algorithm in a particular implementation without undue experimentation.  
         [0021]    One of the affected NEs or NMSs is chosen to execute the adjustment algorithm. The receive-end NEs provide the measurement data via their external or via internal management interfaces to the NE/NMS hosting the algorithm. Similarly, the NE/NMS hosting the algorithm uses official or internal management interfaces of the NEs containing the transmitters to execute the adjustments.  
         [0022]    The principle of the invention is shown schematically in FIG. 1. While optical transmission systems operate in principle bi-directionally, for the sake of simplicity, only one direction is shown, indicated by an arrow from left to right As mentioned above, adjustment is in the preferred embodiment completely independent for the two directions of transmission.  
         [0023]    A number of n transmitters Tx λ1-Tx λn generate single wavelength signals  1 - n  at dedicated wavelengths, respectively. An optical multiplexer WDM_MUX combines the n single wavelength signals to form a multiplexed signal, which is then transmitted over an optical fiber link to a wavelength demultiplexer WDM-DMUX. The demultiplexer splits the multiplexed signal into its constituent wavelengths and feeds the single wavelength signals to corresponding receivers Rx λ1-Rx λn.  
         [0024]    According to the present invention, each of the receivers Rx λ1-Rx λn measures predefined characteristics of its received single wavelength optical signal and communicates the measurement data MEAS to a remote control system that hosts the adjustment algorithm ALG. The control system determines corrective adjustments in the case that the measurements indicate that adjustment would be necessary and communicates the adjustments ADJ to the transmitters Tx λ1-Tx λn, which tune their optical components accordingly.  
         [0025]    A first example of a WDM system is shown in FIG. 2. Two WDM network elements WDM_N1/N2 are connected via an optical fiber link OF. Each of the network elements contains a number of n transceiver (transmitter/receiver combinations) T 11 -T 1   n , T 21 -T 2   n  for generating and receiving a single wavelength optical signal. The transceivers are connected to a wavelength multiplexer MUX 1 , MUX 2 , respectively, which generates in transmit direction from the colored single wavelength signals generated by the transceivers a multiplex signal and which splits in receive direction a received multiplex signal into its constituent wavelengths and feeds the single wavelength signals to the associated transceivers.  
         [0026]    [0026]FIG. 3 shows in more detail the design of the transceivers—often also termed transponders—from FIG. 2. Each transceiver consists of a receiver Rx and a transmitter Tx. From the external side, the transceiver receives a non-colored optical signal (also known as “black-and-white signal”) and generates a colored single wavelength optical signal at its dedicated or configured wavelength. In the reverse direction, the transceiver receives from the internal side a single wavelength optical signal extracted by multiplexer MUX 1 , MUX 2  from the received multiplex signal, and generates therefrom on the external side a non-colored optical signal for output of the WDM system.  
         [0027]    For the sake of simplicity, only transmit direction from left to right will be considered. However, the operation of the WDM system is in reality bi-directional.  
         [0028]    WDM_N1 transmits the wavelength-multiplexed signal over fiber link OF to WDM_N2. The transceivers T 21 -T 2   n  measure characteristics of the respective received single wavelength signals. The results of the measurements are fed to a local control system C 2 . C 2  communicates the measurements over a network management channel NMSI back to WDM_N1. The management channel can be implemented as a dedicated overhead channel in band with the multiplex signal. A local control system of WDM_N1 receives the measurements and calculates adjustments if necessary. When adjustment becomes necessary, local control system C 2  controls the optical components of transmitters T 11 -T 1   n  to tune them to their nominal values.  
         [0029]    In this first embodiment, the adjustment algorithm that determines adjustments is located in the local control system of the transmitting network element. However, this is only possible if the optical components that are involved in generating the single wavelength optical signals are located within the same WDM network element. A second embodiment shown in FIG. 4 considers a more advanced scenario where the transmitters are no longer located within one WDM system.  
         [0030]    The WDM network WDM contains a first WDM network element WN 1  connected over optical fiber link OF to a second WDM network element WN 2 . As in FIGS. 1 and 2 before, only direction of transmission from left to right is shown while in reality the operation of the system is bi-directional.  
         [0031]    Network element WN 1  contains a WDM multiplexer MUX and network element WN 2  contains a WDM demultiplexer DMUX. The network elements WN 1 , WN 2  have, contrary to the first embodiment, interfaces for colored single wavelength signals rather than “black-and-white” interfaces. This imposes the restriction for client network elements that the tributary signals must already be colored signals at dedicated, previously assigned wavelengths.  
         [0032]    The tributary interfaces on the left hand side of WN 1  are connected to client network elements NE 11 -NE 1   n . The tributary interfaces of WN 2  are connected to client network elements NE 21 -NE 2   n . The client network elements are for example optical crossconnects. These are only shown schematically with their relevant interfaces. Examples of such optical crossconnects for OTN are described in EP01217867, EP01217868, and EP01217869, which are incorporated by reference herein. An optical crossconnect typically has a number of optical interfaces connected to a switching matrix for switching connections from any to any interface.  
         [0033]    It is important to understand that the client network elements are not part of the WDM system. Therefore, responsibility for the proper generation of the colored single wavelength signals required for WDM transmission lies outside the WDM system and its control. Control of the transmitter components is further complicated by the fact that—as mentioned above—adjustments may potentially affect all transmitters rather than only the one which measurements indicated that an adjustment is required.  
         [0034]    In the second embodiment, use is thus made of the network management system responsible for client network elements. In particular, the adjustment algorithm is hosted in the element manager NMS 1  which controls the optical crossconnects NE 11 -NE 1   n . An element manager is typically a control device in a network that configures a number of network elements of the same type, keeps track of configuration records and monitors the network elements for any alarm messages that may occur during operation. The element controller communicates with the subordinate local controllers of the controlled network elements and with a superordinate regional manager.  
         [0035]    The various receivers Rx in the right hand network elements NE 21 -NE 2   n  measure certain characteristics of the single wavelength signals received from WN 2  and communicate the measurement data to their superordinate network management system, element manager NMS 2 . NMS 2  forwards the measurement data MEAS via an official network management channel to element manager NMS 1  controlling network elements NE 11 -NE 1   n . NMS 1  hosts the adjustment algorithm and determines from the measurement data corrective adjustments if necessary. The adjustments ADJ are then communicated to the corresponding network elements NE 11 -NE 1   n , which tune their optical components accordingly.  
         [0036]    In this preferred improvement, no transponders that convert non-colored input signals to dedicated single wavelength signals are required in the WDM system, but the “colored” transmitters are located outside the WDM system. Control of WDM parameters, i.e., of parameters of the constituent wavelengths of a WDM signal is allocated to a control system outside the WDM network itself. Apparently, the invention would be equally applicable to a mixed approach where some of the transponders and their associated transmitters are located inside the WDM network and some are located in external network elements that are not part of the WDM network.