Abstract:
A gaming machine includes a base including a width having a first length dimension and a depth having a second length dimension and a columnar pedestal extending vertically from the base, the pedestal including a width having a third length dimension and a depth having a fourth length dimension, the first length dimension being greater than the third length dimension, the second length dimension being greater than the fourth length dimension. The gaming machine also includes a game cabinet including a gaming display including at least one of a single video display panel, a plurality of video display panels, and a combination of mechanical reels and one or more video display panels and a mating flange configured to releasably mount to a complementary pedestal flange positioned at an upper edge of the pedestal. The gaming machine further includes one or more mating plugs.

Description:
BACKGROUND 
       [0001]    This description relates to gaming machines, and, more particularly, to a method and system for enhancing player comfort and ergonomics in gaming machines. 
         [0002]    Gaming machines have evolved to a substantially consistent form due to interchangeability and standardization considerations. For example, button layouts follow a standard linear arrangement in which players&#39; must adjust their reach to accomplish different actions. Rather than assuming a more ergonomic configuration that is less fatiguing to players, buttons of gaming machines are arranged at consistent intervals in a straight line pattern. Additionally, gaming cabinets have a footprint at floor level that is either similar to and that exceeds the dimensions of the game itself Often, gaming machines are placed on box stands to elevate them to a consistent height. However, the box stands also extend to a footprint that meets or exceeds the dimensions of the game. Players at such gaming machines are constantly at odds of being near enough to the machine to comfortably reach the game buttons, but far enough away from the gaming machine to have room to place their feet in front of them. Placement of the button panel or button deck is generally fixed on the front of the cabinet and is not adjustable to facilitate game play or player comfort. 
         [0003]    Moreover, many gaming machines have player tracking modules that include a card reader and dedicated display. Often such player tracking modules appear to be retrofit devices placed inconsistently at various locations on the front of the gaming machine. Typical gaming machine player tracking modules do not have a lighted bezel to assist in locating the player tracking module and those that do, only light up to indicate that a player tracking card has been read properly or has not been read properly by the player tracking card reader. 
         [0004]    Value acceptors and printers of the gaming machine are typically located inside the gaming machine cabinet and access slots for passing items from the player to the value acceptor or to the player from the printer are typically separated and positioned inconsistently on the front of the gaming machine. In some cases, value acceptors and printers are positioned adjacently with separate access slots for accessing the devices. In still other cases, value acceptor and the printer share a common slot. However, it is often difficult to differentiate the value acceptor slot from the printer slot and errors in trying to feed currency or vouchers into the printer slot occur regularly. 
         [0005]    Such discomforts and poor ergonomics affect player satisfaction with the gaming machine and the gaming experience and may affect revenues of the affected machines. 
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION 
       [0006]    In one aspect, a gaming machine includes a base including a width having a first length dimension and a depth having a second length dimension and a columnar pedestal extending vertically from the base, the pedestal including a width having a third length dimension and a depth having a fourth length dimension, the first length dimension being greater than the third length dimension, the second length dimension being greater than the fourth length dimension. The gaming machine also includes a game cabinet including a gaming display including at least one of a single video display panel, a plurality of video display panels, and a combination of mechanical reels and one or more video display panels and a mating flange configured to releasably mount to a complementary pedestal flange positioned at an upper edge of the pedestal. The gaming machine further includes one or more mating plugs configured to engage a complementary one or more mating plugs positioned proximate the mating flanges, the mating plugs configured to join respective signal and power conduits between the pedestal and the game cabinet. 
         [0007]    In another aspect, a gaming machine includes a gaming display including a display frame surrounding a display area, a first side panel device coupled to a first side of the frame and a second side panel device coupled to a second side of the frame opposite the first side, the first and second side panels including a touchscreen video display panel. The gaming machine also includes a beacon light including a planar substrate including an outer peripheral edge, a light source configured to illuminate an interior of the substrate through at least a portion of the outer peripheral edge, a first transparent hemispherical member including an edge configured to mate to the outer peripheral edge, and a second hemispherical member including an edge configured to mate to the outer peripheral edge, the second hemispherical member formed of a material that is at least one of translucent and opaque. 
         [0008]    In a further aspect, a gaming machine system includes a pedestal including a button deck adjustably coupled to the pedestal, the button deck including a pair of extendable arms, each arm coupled at one end to the pedestal and at a second end to the button deck, the button deck extendable away from and towards the pedestal, a player tracking card reader positioned within the button deck and accessible through a slot in a front edge of the button deck, and a plurality of interchangeable gaming displays selectable such that one of the plurality of gaming displays is mounted to the pedestal at a time. The plurality of gaming displays including a single video display panel oriented in at least one of a portrait and a landscape orientation, a plurality of video display panels oriented in at least one of a portrait and a landscape orientation, and a combination of mechanical reels and one or more video display panels. The gaming machine also includes a mating flange configured to releasably mount to a complementary pedestal flange positioned at an upper edge of the pedestal, and one or more mating plugs configured to engage a complementary one or more mating plugs positioned proximate the mating flanges, the mating plugs configured to join respective signal and power conduits between the pedestal and the game cabinet, and a player tracking display area of the plurality of interchangeable gaming displays configured to display player tracking information, the player tracking display area displayed on one of the video display panels. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0009]      FIGS. 1-9  show example embodiments of the method and apparatus described herein. 
           [0010]      FIG. 1  is a perspective view of a gaming machine in accordance with an example embodiment of the present disclosure. 
           [0011]      FIG. 2  is a perspective view of gaming machine in another example embodiment of the present disclosure, in which the column shown in  FIG. 1  is shortened as compared to the column shown in  FIG. 2 . 
           [0012]      FIG. 3  is a side elevation view of the column and three examples of the game cabinet. 
           [0013]      FIG. 4  is an illustration of configurations of the game cabinet in accordance with example embodiments of the present disclosure. 
           [0014]      FIG. 5  is a perspective view of a lower portion of the game cabinet in accordance with an example embodiment of the present disclosure. 
           [0015]      FIG. 6  is an enlarged perspective view of the button deck shown in  FIGS. 1 and 2 . 
           [0016]      FIG. 7  is a perspective view of the first user interface shown in  FIGS. 1 and 2 . 
           [0017]      FIG. 8  is an illustration of embodiments of connections of the button deck to the column. 
           [0018]      FIG. 9  is a perspective view of the beacon light shown in  FIGS. 1 and 2 . 
       
    
    
       [0019]    Although specific features of various embodiments may be shown in some drawings and not in others, this is for convenience only. Any feature of any drawing may be referenced and/or claimed in combination with any feature of any other drawing. 
         [0020]    Unless otherwise indicated, the drawings provided herein are meant to illustrate features of embodiments of the disclosure. These features are believed to be applicable in a wide variety of systems comprising one or more embodiments of the disclosure. As such, the drawings are not meant to include all conventional features known by those of ordinary skill in the art to be required for the practice of the embodiments disclosed herein. 
       DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0021]    The following detailed description illustrates embodiments of the disclosure by way of example and not by way of limitation. It is contemplated that the disclosure has general application to gaming machine embodiments providing player comfort and ergonomic considerations in industrial, commercial, and residential applications. 
         [0022]    The following description refers to the accompanying drawings, in which, in the absence of a contrary representation, the same numbers in different drawings represent similar elements. 
         [0023]      FIG. 1  is a perspective view of a gaming machine  100  in accordance with an example embodiment of the present disclosure.  FIG. 2  is a perspective view of gaming machine  100  in another example embodiment of the present disclosure, in which column  104  is shortened as compared to column  104  shown in  FIG. 1 . A shorter column  104  permits installation that is compatible with, for example, other gaming machines (not shown) in a banked arrangement where the other gaming machines are shorter. In the example embodiment, gaming machine  100  includes a base  102  and a column  104  supported by base  102 . A game cabinet  106  is coupled to an upper portion  108  of column  104 . Game cabinet  106  includes one or more video display panels  109 , a plurality of auxiliary devices, such as, but, not limited to a first user interface  110 , a first side panel  112 , a second side panel  114 , edge lighting  116 , a beacon light  118 , and a courtesy light  120 . Gaming machine  100  also includes a button deck  122  adjustably coupled to column  104 , game cabinet  106 , and/or first user interface  110 . 
         [0024]    In the example embodiment, base  102  is configured to rest on or be coupled to a lower horizontal surface such as, but, not limited to, a floor  124 . Base  102  includes one or more vertically upwardly extending sidewalls  126 , which may include straight panels, and/or curved and contoured panels, such as, but, not limited to a circular, oval, oblong, and/or irregularly curved cross-section. Base  102  includes an upper surface  128  configured to fair base  102  by producing a closed smooth outline, support column  104 , and/or provide a resting place for a user&#39;s feet. Accordingly, upper surface  128  may include a smooth, glossy, or rough surface texture. Upper surface  128  may be angled with respect to floor  124  to facilitate providing a foot rest or to inhibit a placement of, for example, beverage containers on upper surface  128 . A height  130  of base  102  may be set at various fixed dimensions or may adjustable to various dimensions. The dimensions may be selected to accommodate a particular installation and base  102  may be interchangeable with other bases  102  to facilitate relocating gaming machine  100  in different locations in an establishment. Height  130  may be adjustment only by the establishment or also by the user for comfort, ergonomic considerations, preference, and/or ease of operating gaming machine  100 . 
         [0025]    Column  104  is a rigid, relatively slender, upright support, composed of relatively few components that extends vertically between base  102  and game cabinet  106 . In various embodiments, column  104  includes a cylindrical or polygonal shaft  132 . Column  104  houses various components and conduits that are configured to support the operation of gaming machine  100  and its integration into a larger operation and control network (not shown), in which gaming machine  100  is in communication. 
         [0026]    Column  104  and base  102  are configured to be standard across many embodiments of game cabinet  106 . In various embodiments, and as described below, game cabinet  106  is configured to include a single video display panel  109 , which may have a horizontal, a vertical, or combination concavely curved aspect. Game cabinet  106  is also configured to include a plurality of video display panels  109  adjacently tiled or overlapping. In another embodiment, game cabinet  106  is configured to include one or more mechanical reels  168 . Column  104  includes power supplies, controllers, servers, cabling, connectors and conduits to support operation of gaming machine  100 . Each embodiment of game cabinet  106  includes complementary cabling, connectors and controllers to facilitate interchangeable operation with a single column  104 . Likewise, column  104  may include several embodiments based on a height of column  104  and/or a height of base  102  or a height of a platform  170  on which base  102  is mounted. Base  170  may be part of a cluster of banked gaming machines of which gaming machine  100  is a part. 
         [0027]    Game cabinet  106  includes one or more video display panels  109 . In various embodiments, one or more video display panels  109  are configured to display only game-related information. In other embodiments, one or more video display panels  109  are configured to display other than game-related information and game-related information simultaneously or alternately. One or more video display panels  109  may comprise, for example, a TFT LCD (Thin-Film-Transistor Liquid Crystal Display) or an OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode) display, or other appropriate display technology. In the example embodiment, one or more video display panels  109  comprise a single monolithic display screen. In various embodiments, one or more video display panels  109  comprise a plurality of video display screens. In other embodiments, the plurality of display screens are adjacently tiled to give the appearance of being a single video display screen. In other embodiments, the plurality of display screens are tiled with a border or spacing surrounding at least a portion of one or more of the plurality of display screens. Additionally, one or more video display panels  109  may comprise a concavely curved transparent window with a plurality of flat panel video display screens arranged behind the window on the convex side of the window. The flat panel display screens may be adjacently tiled with respect to each other or may be overlapping with a portion of one flat panel display screens in front or behind another of the flat panel display screens. 
         [0028]    Game cabinet  106  is positionable in a portrait and/or landscape orientation and may include a combination of game types, for example, but not limited to a single video display panel, multiple video display panels tiled or overlapping in the vertical and/or horizontal directions, or may include mechanical reels  168  and video display panels  109 . 
         [0029]    In the example embodiment, first user interface  110  is mounted to column  104  proximate a lower edge  134  of game cabinet  106 . First user interface  110  typically includes a value acceptor  136 , which may include a paper acceptor for bills of currency and currency vouchers. In various embodiments, value acceptor  136  is configured to receive payment cards, such as, but, not limited to credit cards, debit cards, and prepaid cards. Value acceptor  136  is positioned behind a front bezel  138  of first user interface  110  aligned with a slot  140 . A printer  142  (not shown in  FIGS. 1 and 2 ) configured to print and dispense currency vouchers is also positioned behind front bezel  138  and also aligned with slot  140  such that slot  140  may be used for receiving paper and cards to be routed to value acceptor  136  and for dispensing currency vouchers, receipts, and coupons from printer  142 . 
         [0030]    In various embodiments, value acceptor  136  includes a second slot  172  configured to dispense paper from printer  142  while slot  140  is configured to receive paper (currency bills, vouchers, etc.) and cards (credit cards, debit cards, etc.). In the example embodiment, slot  140  is configured to receive the paper and cards horizontally and first user interface  110  includes a flat receiving surface  174  to facilitate alignment and translation of the paper and/or cards into slot  140 . In the example embodiment, slot  172  is oriented in a downward slope an angle β from an interior of game cabinet  106  out towards the user. In various embodiments, angle β is an angle of between 0° and 90° with respect to horizontal. Such a configuration permits an appearance of the material from printer  142  exiting the same location as the paper and/or cards are inserted into slot  140  without the possibility of inserting the paper and/or bills into slot  172 . 
         [0031]    First user interface  110  also includes a graphical output device  176 , which may include a video display screen or an array of lights configurable to coordinate their operation to provide various indications to the user. For example, graphical output device  176  may provide various hints as to an action of the user expected by gaming machine  100 . In one state of gaming machine  100 , gaming machine  100  may be expecting the user to insert value items into value acceptor  136 . Graphical output device  176  may indicate such expectation by generating an arrow object (not shown in  FIGS. 1 and 2 ) pointing toward slot  140 . The arrow object may be static, flashing, or indicative of motion by a coordination of sequentially lighting certain ones of the lights. Likewise, in a different state of gaming machine  100 , gaming machine  100  may be printing from printer  142 . Graphical output device  176  may then indicate an arrow object pointing outwardly from slot  172 , either statically or dynamically. 
         [0032]    First side panel  112  is hingedly coupled to game cabinet  106  along a first vertical side  144 , in some embodiments. First side panel  112  may alternatively be fixedly mounted to first vertical side  144 . In one embodiment, first side panel  112  is coupled to an electric motor (not shown) through a linkage (not shown). The electric motor is controlled by gaming machine  100  and/or the user to rotate through an angle a (not shown) of approximately −90° (flat along a side of game cabinet  106 ) to +45° (angled toward the user when seated in front of gaming machine  100 ) with respect to a face of game cabinet  106 . In various embodiments, first side panel  112  includes one or more speakers  147  configured to generate sounds related to gaming machine  100 . 
         [0033]    First side panel  112  may also be configured with a flexible display, which may be backlit or include video display elements including, in some embodiments a touchscreen capability. During operation, first vertical side  144  may receive tactical indications from the user and respond with visual indications related to game play of independent of game play on gaming machine  100 . 
         [0034]    Second side panel  114  is complementary to first side panel  112  and is coupled to game cabinet  106  along a second vertical side  146 . 
         [0035]    Edge lighting  116  includes an elongate light transmitting member  148  extending through grooves in various surfaces of game cabinet  106 , column  104  and/or base  102 . In various embodiments, light transmitting member  148  includes a plastic, polymer, glass, or other light transmissive material configured to receive light from a light source positioned in a single position along a predetermined portion of light transmitting member  148  or from multiple locations across an entire length of light transmitting member  148 . Moreover, light transmitting member  148  may include the light source within light transmitting member  148  or light transmitting member  148  may use light emitted from an external source, direct the light to various locations along the length of light transmitting member  148  where it is allowed to emit from light transmitting member  148 . For example, light transmitting member  148  may comprise a fiber or plastic rope that does not exhibit total internal reflection properties, but, rather light entering an end of light transmitting member  148  is transmitted down its length with a portion of the light being emitted substantially evenly along the length. 
         [0036]    In one embodiment, beacon light  118  is configured to traverse linearly across an upper edge  160  of game cabinet  106 . In various embodiments, beacon light  118  revolves at least partially about a pivot point  162  and coupled to a linkage or arm  164 . In some embodiments, an electric motor controls the movement of beacon light across upper edge  160 . For example, the electric motor may control the linear translation of beacon light  118  across upper edge  160  or through an arc about pivot point  162 . 
         [0037]    A courtesy light  120 , which may also be activated to attract users to gaming machine  100  or to add excitement during game paly, is used to provide lighting for entering the vicinity of gaming machine  100  by the user. 
         [0038]    In various embodiments, button deck  122  is mounted to column  104  and is controlled through a gaming machine  100  controller (not shown in  FIGS. 1 and 2 ). In one embodiment, button deck  122  is configured to translate with respect to column  104  in a single direction, for example, towards and away from column  104 . In some embodiments, the translation is controlled manually by the user, automatically by a motor, or combinations thereof. For example, when gaming machine  100  detects a user entering a proximity of gaming machine  100 , button deck  122  may be commanded to translate in either direction to indicate to the user that button deck  122  is movable. The user may then adjust button deck  122  manually by hand, manually through operation of a switch controlling the button deck motor, or allow button deck  122  to be controlled automatically by gaming machine  100 . The user may also turn off the automatic translation feature using an override switch (not shown). Button deck  122  may be configured to translate in a plurality of directions and/or rotate around a plurality of axes to suit the user&#39;s comfort and ergonomic control. 
         [0039]      FIG. 3  is a side elevation view of a column  104  and three examples of game cabinet  106 . In one embodiment, a lower portion of game cabinet  106  includes mechanical reels while an upper portion of game cabinet  106  includes a video display panel  109 . A mating connector  300  is configured to pass control, sensor instrument, and power signals between column  104  and game cabinet  106 . Each of the examples of game cabinet  106  include a first mounting flange  304  configured to engage a complementary second mounting flange  306  on column  104 . Mounting flanges  304  and  306  are operable to secure game cabinet  106  to column  104  and to be able to be relatively quickly disengaged from column  104  to interchange various embodiments of game cabinet  106 . Mounting flanges may include fasteners  304  and  306  to facilitate secure fastening of game cabinet  106  to column  104  and/or may include auxiliary fastening means, such as, but not limited to drift pins, bayonet or other slidably engaging surfaces, clamps, or inclined surfaces configured to provide a friction fit or an interference element configured to lock game cabinet  106  to column  104 . 
         [0040]      FIG. 4  is an illustration of configurations of game cabinet  106  in accordance with an example embodiments of the present disclosure. Configuration (a) represents a side view of a single video display panel  109  that includes a curved cross-section illustrated in a portrait orientation where a vertical dimension  402  is greater than a horizontal dimension  404 . Configuration (b) represents a plan view of single video display panel  109  that includes a curved cross-section illustrated in a landscape orientation where vertical dimension  402  is less than horizontal dimension  404 . Configuration (c) represents a side view of a plurality of video display panels  109  illustrated in a portrait orientation. Configuration (d) represents a plan view of plurality of video display panels  109  illustrated in a landscape orientation. Configuration (e) represents a side view of a plurality of video display panels  109  and mechanical reels  168  illustrated in a portrait orientation. Configuration (f) represents a plan view of plurality of video display panels  109  and mechanical reels  168  illustrated in a landscape orientation. Configuration (g) represents a side view of a plurality of video display panels  109  illustrated in a portrait orientation where one video display panel  109  is relatively larger than the other video display panel  109 . Configuration (h) represents a plan view of a plurality of video display panels  109  illustrated in a landscape orientation where one video display panel  109  is relatively larger than the other video display panel  109 . 
         [0041]      FIG. 5  is a perspective view of a lower portion of game cabinet  106  in accordance with an example embodiment of the present disclosure.  FIG. 6  is an enlarged perspective view of button deck  122 . In the example embodiment, button deck  122  includes an upper input surface  602  that may be embodied in a touchscreen surface or may be embodied in a combination of touchscreen elements  604  and mechanical input devices  606 . For example, upper input surface  602  may include touchscreen elements for inputting various wager amounts, a “service” call button, a “cash-out” button, and other input requirements and also include a mechanical “spin” button  606 . Touchscreen elements  604  may be isolated to certain areas of surface  602  and may be fixed in their function. However, in some embodiments, touchscreen elements  604  may be relocatable on surface  602  and may be reconfigurable to perform different functions during different portions of a game or for different games, such as when game cabinet  106  is interchanged. In one embodiment, button deck  122  is at least partially transparent or translucent, which permits a user to see through button deck  122 , permits light from sources below button deck  122  to be seen by the user, and gives an appearance of mechanical “spin” button  606  and touchscreen elements  604  floating in front of the user. 
         [0042]    Upper input surface  602  also may include an element  608  configured to control an opacity of button deck  122 . Element  608  may comprise a liquid crystal display (LCD) element or other element configured to be electrically controlled to alter its transmissive properties. Element  608  may be configured to control opacity of button deck  122  as a whole or may be configured to control smaller regions of button deck  122  to present graphical objects to the user. 
         [0043]    Button deck  122  also includes a card reader  610  for player tracking and communication. Card reader  610  is a part of a player tracking system that receives a player tracking card inserted and removed by the user. Card reader  610  transfers information stored on a player card to gaming machine  100 . Gaming machine  100  is configured to provide player information on a player information portion (not shown in  FIG. 6 ) of video display panel  109 . In one embodiment, the player information portion is a reserved area that can be observed during game play. In other embodiments, the player information portion is overlaid onto a game screen during play or between games. When the player information portion is reserved, player information may only be displayed during predetermined times or when activated by the user. In other embodiments, the player information is dimmed or grayed out so as not to detract from the appearance of the game during game play. 
         [0044]      FIG. 7  is an enlarged perspective view of first user interface  110 . An inset illustrates a side elevation view of an opening  702  of first user interface  110 . In the example embodiment, printer slot  172  is recessed within an opening  702  of first user interface  110  such that printer slot  172  is not visible to the user during game play. Value acceptor slot  140  is positioned within opening  702  towards a rearward edge of receiving surface  174 . Receiving surface  174  provides a flat stable platform for guiding currency bills and vouchers into value acceptor slot  140 . Graphical output device  176  provides an indication of a location of value acceptor slot  140  and guidance as to an expectation of gaming machine  100  with respect to receiving items through value acceptor slot  140  or discharging items through printer slot  172 . For example, an arrow object  704  pointing inwardly may be displayed using graphical output device  176  when gaming machine  100  is expecting an introduction of a value item into value acceptor slot  140  and may display an outwardly pointing arrow object (not shown) when gaming machine  100  is printing a voucher or coupon. 
         [0045]      FIG. 8  is an illustration of embodiments of connections of button deck  122  to column  104 . In a first alternative embodiment, button deck  122  is pivotally coupled to column  104  through a pivot point  802  located along a rear edge  804  of button deck  122 . In the example embodiment, pivot point  802  is positioned in a corner of button deck  122 , however pivot point  802  can be located at any position along rear edge  804 . A second alternative embodiment includes a first support arm  806  and a second support arm  808 . In the example embodiment, support arms  806  and  808  are telescoping in that one of first support arm  806  and second support arm  808  may be extended at different rates and/or distances to permit button deck  122  to be angled with respect to column  104 . Such an orientation may be beneficial to, for example, a user that is not positioned directly in front of gaming machine  100 . To support such movement, a connection point  810  between first support arm  806  and second support arm  808  and button deck  122  is pivotable about connection point  810 . A third alternative embodiment is illustrated where a track  812  along an underside  814  of button deck  122  is configured to receive a pivotable knob  816  coupled to an arm  818  extending from column  104 . During operation, button deck  122  can be translated laterally along track  812  in a first direction  820  or a second direction  824  and/or rotated about knob  816  at any point along track  812 . 
         [0046]      FIG. 9  is a perspective view of beacon light  118 . In the example embodiment, beacon light  118  includes a planar graphic substrate  902  that includes indicia  904 , for example, but not limited to text characters, pictures, shapes, or icons. In various embodiments, indicia  904  is embossed onto graphic substrate  902  or may be cut into graphic substrate  902 . Graphic substrate  902  includes a connection tab  905  configured to couple to a light source  906  and support clamp  908 . A first transparent hemispherical globe portion  910  and a second translucent or opaque hemispherical globe portion  912  are joined at graphic substrate  902 . During operation, light from light source  906  is transmitted through an edge  914  of connection tab  905  into a body of graphic substrate  902 . The light then highlights indicia  904  to increase a visibility of indicia  904 . Light source  906  may be controlled by gaming machine  100  to coordinate the operation of light source  906  with game play or for attracting users when gaming machine  100  is idle. 
         [0047]    This written description uses examples to describe the disclosure, including the best mode, and also to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the disclosure, including making and using any devices or systems and performing any incorporated methods. The patentable scope of the disclosure is defined by the claims, and may include other examples that occur to those skilled in the art. Such other examples are intended to be within the scope of the claims if they have structural elements that do not differ from the literal language of the claims, or if they include equivalent structural elements with insubstantial differences from the literal languages of the claims.