Abstract:
A rotating machine tool has a base with a rotating axis, at least one pocket formed in the base and at least one blade support holding a cutting plate. Two side surfaces of the blade support sit against a side support surface, respectively, the blade support side surfaces making an angle between them, and the base of the blade support sits against a base support surface of the pocket, the blade support being clamped in the pocket removably by way of a clamp element. The cutting plate protrudes over the blade support with an effective blade and over the base outward.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The invention relates to a machine tool with a base member having an axis of rotation, with at least one pocket formed in the base member and with at least one cutter carrier carrying a cutting insert, wherein the cutter carrier lies with two side surfaces, enclosing an angle with one another, against a respective side supporting surface and with its bottom against a bottom supporting surface of the pocket and is releasably clamped in the pocket by a clamping element, and wherein the cutting insert protrudes with an effective cutting edge freely in the outward direction beyond the cutter carrier and the base member. 
     The pocket, forming a seat for the cutter carrier, ensures that the cutter carrier, and with it the cutting insert, is determined in its position within the base member. With a given geometry of the cutter carrier and the cutting insert, the position of the pockets in the base member determines the cutting radius. To allow compensation for production tolerances, it is already known to arrange the cutting insert adjustably in the base member. For this purpose, the cutter carrier is arranged adjustably with respect to the base member. 
     Furthermore, in the case of a machine tool in which the cutting insert is supported directly, that is without a cutter carrier, in an insert seat with two edge supporting surfaces and a bottom supporting surface, it is known per se (DE-A-10 108 103) that one of the two edge supporting surfaces is formed as a wedge surface, which is arranged on an adjusting member that is displaceable with respect to the base member along an axis of displacement and encloses an acute angle with the axis of displacement and against which the cutting insert lies with its insert edge opposite from the effective cutting edge and aligned parallel to the wedge surface, and that the other edge supporting surface is aligned perpendicularly in relation to the axis of displacement of the adjusting member, wherein the axis of displacement of the adjusting member is aligned parallel to the bottom supporting surface of the associated insert seat. To adjust the cutting insert, there the head screw on the cutting insert is loosened a little. As soon as the correct drilling diameter is set, the head screw is tightened again. In this case, the adjusting member on the base member is also fixed. The known adjusting device is suitable only for adjusting cutting inserts aligned radially on the base member. The adjustment always takes place perpendicularly in relation to the fixing screw of the cutting insert in the base member, which has to be loosened slightly for the purpose of adjustment. The adjustment of tangential cutting inserts parallel to their fixing screw is not possible with the known adjusting mechanism. 
     Against this background, the invention addresses the problem of improving a machine tool of the type specified at the beginning to the extent that a fine adjustment of tangential cutting inserts in the base member is also possible. 
     The features specified in the present invention are proposed to solve this problem. Advantageous refinements and developments of the invention are also provided. 
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     The solution according to the invention is based in particular on the idea that the bottom supporting surface for the cutter carrier forms a wedge surface, which is arranged on an adjusting member that is displaceable with respect to the base member along an axis of displacement and encloses an acute angle with the axis of displacement and against which the cutter carrier lies with its bottom formed as a complementing wedge, and that the two side supporting surfaces at the same time form guiding surfaces for the cutter carrier, aligned substantially perpendicularly in relation to the axis of displacement of the adjusting member, during a displacing operation performed by displacement of the adjusting member. The axis of displacement of the adjusting member is in this case expediently aligned parallel to the axis of rotation of the base member. 
     The basic principle of the invention is therefore that the cutting insert is not adjusted with respect to the base member directly but by way of its cutter carrier. This is necessary to be able to adjust the cutting insert parallel to its fastening direction on the base member. With these measures it is also possible for the cutting insert to be turned or exchanged without further fine adjustment. The latter is possible because the cutting insert is fixed on the cutter carrier and the adjusting operation takes place only by way of the cutter carrier. For its part, the cutter carrier must be fixed three-dimensionally in the pocket of the base member by suitable clamping elements. To achieve this, according to a preferred refinement of the invention it is proposed that, on a third side surface, the cutter carrier forms a wedge surface, which encloses a respective angle with the two side surfaces lying against the side supporting surfaces and with the bottom and against which there lies a complementing wedge of the clamping element that can be displaced in relation to the base member by an adjusting member while exerting a respective force component extending in the direction of the two side supporting surfaces and the bottom supporting surface. 
     The cutting insert is expediently rigidly connected to the cutter carrier by means of a clamping element, in particular by means of a clamping screw. The cutter carrier may be formed as a cartridge which has an insert seat for a cutting insert formed as an indexable insert. To be able to use the same adjusting mechanism for different machining operations, it is expedient to provide a group of at least two cutter carriers which can be exchanged for one another on the base member and have insert seats for different forms of cutting insert. 
     A further advantageous refinement of the adjusting mechanism provides that the adjusting member can be displaced in relation to the base member by means of a wedge- and/or thread-type drive arranged in the base member. On the other hand, the clamping element for fixing the cutter carrier in the base member may also be actuated by means of a wedge- and/or thread-type drive arranged in the base member. The wedge- and/or thread-type drive may in both cases comprise a screw or a differential screw which engages with a threaded part in an internal thread of the base member and acts with a wedge, cone or some other threaded part against the adjusting member or the clamping element. 
     According to a first configurational variant, the screw has a cone tip lying against the adjusting member. 
     A second configurational variant provides that the differential screw carries a threaded sleeve, which has a wedge surface lying against the adjusting member. The adjusting member may in this case be displaceable against the force of at least one restoring spring. 
     A third configurational variant provides that the differential screw engages with its one threaded part in an internal thread of the adjusting member or the clamping element and with its other threaded part in an internal thread of the base member. 
     The tools according to the invention, which are loaded with radially adjustable tangential indexable inserts, may, for example, be modified for the fine machining of internal bores or for finishing during milling work. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of several exemplary embodiments schematically represented in the drawing, in which: 
         FIG. 1  shows a fine drilling tool with four indexable inserts which are arranged such that they are distributed over the circumference, aligned tangentially and each have an adjusting mechanism for radial adjustment; 
         FIGS. 2   a  and  b  show a first configurational variant of an adjusting mechanism for the tool as shown in  FIG. 1  in the assembled state and in an exploded representation, in each case in a diagrammatic representation; 
         FIGS. 2   c  to  f  show a side view and a plan view of a cutting insert carrier as shown in  FIG. 2   a  as well as a respective diagrammatic representation of the cutting insert carrier without and with a cutting insert; 
         FIG. 2   g  shows the spring-assisted adjusting member with a wedge-shaped bottom supporting surface of the adjusting mechanism as shown in  FIG. 2   a;    
         FIG. 2   h  shows an adjusting screw with a cone tip for adjusting the adjusting member as shown in  FIG. 2   g  in a diagrammatic representation; 
         FIG. 2   i  shows a diagrammatic representation of the clamping element for clamping the cutting carrier as shown in  FIGS. 2   a ,  3   a ,  4   a  and  5   a  in the base member pocket; 
         FIG. 2   j  shows a differential screw for adjusting the clamping element as shown in  FIG. 2   i;    
         FIGS. 3   a  and  b  show a second configurational variant of an adjusting mechanism for the tool as shown in  FIG. 1  in the assembled state and in an exposed representation, in each case in a diagrammatic representation; 
         FIGS. 3   c  to  f  show a side view and a plan view of a cutting insert carrier as shown in  FIG. 3   a  as well as a respective diagrammatic representation of the cutting insert carrier without and with a cutting insert; 
         FIG. 3   g  shows the spring-assisted adjusting member with a wedge-shaped bottom supporting surface of the adjusting variant as shown in  FIG. 3   a;    
         FIG. 3   h  shows a threaded sleeve with a wedge surface lying against the adjusting member as shown in  FIG. 3   g;    
         FIGS. 4   a  and  b  show a third configurational variant of an adjusting mechanism for the tool as shown in  FIG. 1  in the assembled state and in an exploded representation, in each case in a diagrammatic representation; 
         FIGS. 4   c  to  f  show a side view and a plan view of a cutting insert carrier as shown in  FIG. 4   a  as well as a respective diagrammatic representation of the cutting insert carrier without and with a cutting insert; 
         FIG. 4   g  shows an adjusting member with a wedge-shaped bottom supporting surface of the adjusting variant as shown in  FIG. 4   a;    
         FIG. 4   h  shows a differential screw for adjusting the adjusting member as shown in  FIG. 4   g;    
         FIGS. 5   a  and  b  show a fourth configurational variant of an adjusting mechanism for the tool as shown in  FIG. 1  in the assembled state and in an exploded representation, in each case in a diagrammatic representation; 
         FIGS. 5   c  to  f  show a side view and a plan view of a cutting insert carrier as shown in  FIG. 5  as well as a respective diagrammatic representation of the cutting insert carrier without and with a cutting insert; and 
         FIGS. 6   a  and  b  show a respective diagrammatic representation of the adjusting system as shown in  FIG. 4   a  with exchangeable cutter carriers for a square indexable cutting insert and a rhombic indexable cutting insert. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     The rotating tool represented in  FIG. 1  is intended for use in machine tools. It is formed as a four-fluted core drill, the axis of rotation of which is denoted by  10 . The base member  12  of the machine tool has a shank  14  for connection to a machine spindle and a tool head  16  with four cutting inserts  18  arranged such that they are distributed around the circumference. The cutting inserts  18  are arranged in tangential alignment on the cartridge-like cutter carriers  20  and fixed there by means of clamping screws  22 . They protrude with an effective cutting edge  23  in the outward direction beyond the cutter carrier  20  and the base member  12 . The cutter carriers  20  each engage in a pocket  24  of the base member  12  and are adjustable there in the radial direction by means of an adjusting mechanism  26 ′,  26 ″,  26 ′″,  26   IV  and can be fixed in the chosen setting by means of a clamping element  28 . 
     For the adjustment of the cutting inserts  18  of the machine tool as shown in  FIG. 1 , four different variants of an adjusting mechanism  26 ′,  26 ″,  26 ′″,  26   IV  are proposed, represented symbolically in  FIG. 1  and more precisely in their details in  FIGS. 2 ,  3 ,  4  and  5 . 
     In the case of all four configurational variants, the cutter carriers  20  have in each case two side surfaces  30 ,  32 , which enclose a right angle with one another and with which they lie against a respective side supporting surface  34 ,  36  within the pocket  24 . Furthermore, the cutter carriers are supported with their bottom  38  against a bottom supporting surface  40 . On a third side surface  42 , the cutter carriers  20  form a wedge surface  44 , which encloses a respective angle with the two side surfaces  30 ,  32  lying against the side supporting surfaces  34 ,  36  and with the bottom  38  and against which there lies a complementing wedge of the clamping element  28  that can be displaced in relation to the base member while exerting a clamping force with force components extending in the direction of the two side supporting surfaces  34 ,  36  and the bottom supporting surface  40 . In the case of all the configurational variants, the actuation of the clamping element  28  is performed with the aid of a differential screw  48 , the one threaded part  50  of which engages in an internal thread of the base member  12  and the other threaded part  52  of which, with a different thread pitch, engages in an internal thread  54  of the clamping element  28 . The wedge surfaces  46 ,  44  on the clamping element  28  and on the side surface  42  of the cutter carrier are aligned parallel with one another such that adjustment of the differential screw  48  has the effect that the cutter carrier  20  is clamped in the pocket  24 . For the actuation of the adjusting mechanism  26 ′ to  26   IV , the clamping element  28  must first be released from its clamping position by actuation of the differential screw  48 . 
     The radial adjustment of the cutter carrier  20  and of the indexable cutting insert  18  connected to it takes place in all the adjusting variants by way of the bottom supporting surface  40 . For this purpose, the bottom supporting surface  40  forms a wedge surface, which is arranged on an adjusting member  58  that is displaceable with respect to the base member  12  along an axis of displacement  56  and encloses an acute angle with the axis of displacement and against which the cutting insert  20  lies with its bottom  38  formed as a complementing wedge. The two side supporting surfaces  30 ,  32  at the same time form guiding surfaces for the cutter carrier  20 , aligned substantially perpendicularly in relation to the axis of displacement  56  of the adjusting member  58  when said cutter carrier undergoes an adjusting operation by displacement of the adjusting member  58 . 
     In the case of configurational variants  1  and  2  of the adjusting mechanism  26 ′,  26 ″ ( FIGS. 2 and 3 ), the adjustment of the adjusting member  58  in the direction of the axis of displacement  56  takes place against the force of the compression springs  60  with the aid of a radially actuable wedge- and thread-type drive  62 . In the case of configurational variant  1  (adjusting mechanism  26 ′), the wedge- and thread-type drive is formed as a screw  64  with a cone tip  66  engaging in an internal thread of the base member ( FIGS. 2   a, b  and  h ), the cone tip  66  of which lies against a wedge surface  68  of the adjusting member  58 . The wedge surface  68  is arranged on the side of the adjusting member  58  opposite from the compression springs  60 . The displacing movement of the adjusting member  58  is transformed by way of the bottom supporting surface  40 , formed as a wedge surface, into a displacing movement of the cutter carrier  20  directed radially with respect to the base member  18 . After reaching the desired cutting circle diameter of the associated cutting insert  18 , the clamping element  28  is displaced by way of the wedge- and thread-type drive  62  against the side surface  42  of the cutter carrier  20 , whereby the cutter carrier  20  is firmly clamped in the pocket  24  such that no further actuation of the wedge- and thread-type drive  62  is possible. 
     The adjusting mechanism  26 ″ of configurational variant  2  differs from the adjusting mechanism  26 ′ of configurational variant  1  substantially in that the wedge- and thread-type drive  62  has a differential screw  70 , one threaded part  72  of which engages in an internal thread of the base member and the other threaded part  74  of which carries a threaded sleeve  76  with a formed-on wedge surface  78 . The threaded sleeve  76  lies with its wedge surface  78  against the wedge surface  68  of the adjusting member  58  such that the latter can be displaced against the force of the compression springs  60  in the direction of the axis of displacement  56  by actuation of the differential screw  70 . The wedge surface defined by the bottom supporting surface  40  is in this case divided in two. Similarly, the bottom  38  of the cutter carrier  20  has a complementing wedge surface that is divided in two. When the differential screw  70  is actuated, a radial adjustment of the cutter carrier  20  with its cutting insert  18  takes place in the same way as in the case of configurational variant  1 . After reaching the desired cutting circle diameter, the cutter carrier  20  is fixed in the pocket  24  of the base member  12  by way of the clamping element  28 . 
     The adjusting mechanisms  26 ′″ and  24   IV  of configurational variants  3  and  4  as shown in  FIGS. 4 and 5  differ from configurational variants  1  and  2  as shown in  FIGS. 2 and 3  substantially in that the actuation of the adjusting member  58  takes place from above in the axial direction. For this purpose, the adjusting member  58  has an internal thread  80  for receiving the one threaded part  86  of a differential screw  84 , the second threaded part  82  of which engages in an internal thread of the base member  12 . The thread pitches of the two threaded parts  82 ,  86  are chosen in this case such that the adjusting member  58  is displaced in the direction of the axis of displacement  56  with a predetermined step-down transmission in one direction or the other. No additional compression springs  60  are needed here. The displacement of the adjusting member  58  is transformed into a radial displacement of the cutter carrier  20  carrying the cutting insert  18 . 
     Configurational variant  3  ( FIG. 4 ) and configurational variant  4  ( FIG. 5 ) differ only in the formation of the cutter carrier  20 , which in the case of configurational variant  3  is provided in the manner of a cartridge with two side walls for supporting the cutting insert  18  ( FIGS. 4   c - f ), while in the case of configurational variant  4  the cutter carrier  20  is formed as a cuboid without walls ( FIGS. 5   c - f ). In the latter case, the supporting of the cutting insert  18  together with the cutter carrier  20  takes place on the side supporting surfaces  34 ,  36  of the pocket  24  of the base member  12 . 
     In  FIGS. 6   a  and  b , it can be seen for the case of configurational variant  3  that cutter carriers  20  for different forms of cutting insert (for example with a square or rhombic outline), and consequently for different applications, can be used in one and the same machine tool. 
     To sum up, the following can be stated: the invention relates to a machine tool with an adjustable cutting insert. The rotating machine tool substantially comprises a base member  12  having an axis of rotation  10 , at least one pocket  24  formed in the base member  12  and at least one cutter carrier  20  carrying a cutting insert  18 . The cutter carrier  20  lies with two side surfaces  30 ,  32 , enclosing an angle with one another, against a respective side supporting surface  34 ,  36  and with its bottom  38  against a bottom supporting surface  40  of the pocket  24  and is releasably clamped in the pocket  24  by a clamping element  28 . The cutting insert  18  protrudes with an effective cutting edge  23  in the outward direction beyond the cutter carrier  20  and the base member  12 . To make a fine adjustment possible even for tangential cutting inserts in the base member, it is proposed according to the invention that the bottom supporting surface  40  forms a wedge surface, which is arranged on an adjusting member  58  that is displaceable with respect to the base member  12  along an axis of displacement  56  and encloses an acute angle with the axis of displacement and against which the cutter carrier  20  lies with its bottom  38  formed as a complementing wedge. Furthermore, the two side supporting surfaces  34 ,  36  form guiding surfaces for the cutter carrier  20 , aligned substantially perpendicularly in relation to the axis of displacement  56  of the adjusting member  58 , when said cutter carrier undergoes an adjusting operation by displacement of the adjusting member  58 .