Abstract:
An airless sprayer adapted to spray both paint and texture material. The sprayer uses a reciprocating piston that mechanically forces the material to be dispensed out of a charging chamber. The piston is driven by a motor mounted within a motor chamber. A working surface of the piston has a surface area adapted to dispense texture material. The sprayer is gravity fed with an overhead hopper. The sprayer is provided with a detachable overflow member that defines an overflow chamber for capturing texture material that leaks around the piston. This overflow chamber is configured relative to the motor chamber such that material leakage is contained within the overflow chamber and does not reach the motor chamber.

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present invention relates to applicators for coating materials and, more specifically, to applicators that develop a spray appropriate for depositing coating materials onto a surface to be coated. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     I. Types of Coating Materials 
     Coating materials are often applied to a surface for protective and/or for aesthetic purposes. The present invention primarily relates to coating materials such as paint or texture material. 
     Paint is available in a variety of formulations, but in most cases forms a coating on or near the surface that protects and enhances the appearance of the coated surface. Normally, paint is formulated to form a coating of uniform thickness: if the surface is flat and smooth, the paint will dry in a coat that is also flat and smooth. The term “paint” as used herein thus includes stains, clear polymers, and other coatings that are intended to be applied in a coat of uniform thickness. 
     Texture material, on the other hand, is not formulated to form a coating of uniform thickness; to the contrary, texture material is sprayed on in liquid form and dries to form a bumpy, irregular surface. The texture material may coat the entire surface or may be applied in discrete splotches on the surface. 
     When dry, the texture material forms a texture pattern. By varying one or more parameters such as the composition of the texture material and the manner in which the texture material is applied, different texture patterns may be formed. Texture patterns are classified generally as follows: fine; orangepeel; medium splatter; heavy splatter; medium knockdown; and heavy knockdown. Of course, custom texture patterns may be formed, but the foregoing texture patterns are considered industry standards. 
     In addition, a class of texture materials contains particulates and creates an acoustic or “popcorn” texture pattern that is normally applied to ceilings. The present invention is not specifically related to products that create acoustic texture patterns. 
     The fine, orangepeel, medium splatter, and heavy splatter texture patterns are obtained simply by spraying texture material onto the surface to be textured. The fine and orangepeel texture patterns are similar to each other, the orangepeel simply being a heavier application of texture material. 
     The medium and heavy knockdown texture patterns are formed by spraying the texture material onto the surface to be textured and, after a short wait but before the texture material dries completely, working the texture material with a tool to flatten or “knockdown” the peaks of the texture material. In general, the medium knockdown texture pattern is obtained by working the medium splatter texture pattern, and the heavy knockdown texture pattern is obtained by working the heavy splatter texture pattern. 
     II. Application of Coating Materials 
     The formulation of the coating material is but one factor that controls the uniformity of the thickness of the applied coat. For both paint and texture material, another important factor is the system used to apply the coating material to the surface to be coated. 
     For paint, four basic types of applicator systems are known. The first is to apply the paint directly to the surface to be coated using a mechanical applicator such as a brush, roller, sponge, or the like. The second is to package the paint in an aerosol system that allows the paint to be applied in a spray. The third is a pneumatic system in which a stream of pressurized air the carries the paint onto the surface to be coated in a spray. And the fourth is an airless system in which a reciprocating piston acts on the paint to form a spray that carries the paint onto the surface to be coated. 
     Of these applicator systems, only three are commonly employed to dispense texture material. In some situations texture material is applied using a mechanical means such as a conventional paint roller, but this application method is limited in the varieties of texture patterns that may be applied. 
     Texture material is thus most commonly applied by (a) mixing the texture material with a stream of pressurized air and (b) using aerosol systems. The common factor between aerosol systems and pressurized air systems is that a pressurized gas carries the texture material onto the surface to be coated in a spray. 
     In most pressurized air systems, the texture material is stored in a hopper located above a hopper gun defining a mixing chamber. The source of pressurized air is normally an air compressor, hand pump, air tank, or the like. A stream of pressurized air is channeled from the air source to the mixing chamber. The texture material is mixed with the stream of pressurized air in the mixing chamber such that the stream carries the texture material out of the hopper gun in a spray. The manner in which the texture material is mixed with the stream of pressurized air and the size of an outlet orifice through which the texture material passes can both be varied to obtain the different texture patterns described above. 
     In aerosol systems, the texture material is sealed in a container with a pressurized propellant. The propellant exists in a liquid phase and a gas phase. The container is provided with a valve that, when opened, allows the gaseous-phase propellant to force texture material and liquid-phase propellant out of the container in a stream. The liquid propellant gassifies as it exits the container to help form a stream appropriate for depositing the texture material on the surface to be coated. Different texture patterns are obtained by providing means for varying a cross-sectional area of the outlet opening through which the texture material passes. 
     Unlike paint, texture material is not commonly dispensed using an airless sprayer. Airless sprayers designed for paint tend to atomize the material being dispensed. Atomization is appropriate for paint, which is applied in a thin, uniform coat, but not for texture material; to the contrary, texture material must be allowed to form discrete droplets or clumps in the spray that are deposited on the surface to form the bumpy, irregular texture pattern. 
     III. Commercial vs. Non-Commercial Applications 
     Pressurized air systems using an external air source are highly appropriate for commercial applications as they allow large surface areas to be textured quickly and with consistent results; but these systems are relatively bulky and expensive and thus not highly appropriate for non-professionals or for small surface areas. 
     The hand pump methods are more cost effective for medium jobs (one room or wall), but are not appropriate for larger jobs and can be somewhat difficult to use. 
     The aerosol methods are the most appropriate for applying texture material to small areas (texturing over patches), but are not cost effective for larger jobs. 
     The need thus exists for a cost-effective system for allowing non-professionals easily to apply texture material to large surface areas, such as an entire house interior, but which do not require expensive and complicated equipment such as air compressors and the like. Ideally, such a system would be able to spray a large variety of coating materials, including both paint and texture materials. 
     PRIOR ART 
     OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION 
     From the foregoing, it should be clear that one primary object of the present invention is to provide improved spray texturing devices and methods. 
     Another more specific object of the present invention is to provide spray texturing devices and methods that obtain a favorable mix of the following characteristics: 
     do not require an external source of pressurized air; 
     do not require physical exertion such as pumping by hand; 
     can be used to apply texture material to large surface areas; 
     may easily be used by non-professionals; 
     are cost effective; 
     produce consistent and aesthetically pleasing texture patterns; and 
     comprises simple construction and reduced parts to decrease manufacturing costs. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     These and other objects are obtained by the present invention, which in one preferred form is a trigger actuated hopper gun comprising a main housing assembly, a hopper attached to the main housing assembly, a piston, a return spring, an electrical motor, and an overflow housing. 
     The main housing assembly defines a spring chamber, a charging chamber, an outlet, and a motor chamber. A head of the piston is disposed within the charging chamber, while a tail of the piston is disposed within the spring chamber. The return spring is also disposed within the spring chamber. The hopper attached to the main housing assembly above the charging chamber such that texture material is fed by gravity into the charging chamber. 
     The charging chamber is in fluid communication with the outlet but is sealed from the spring chamber. The overflow housing is detachably attached to the main housing below the spring chamber. When so attached, the overflow housing and main housing assembly define an overflow chamber that is in fluid communication with the spring chamber. 
     In operation, the piston moves between a charge position and an expel position. More specifically, the motor is linked to the piston such that it forces the piston from the charge position to the expel position in discrete pulses. The return spring biases the piston towards the charge position such that, when the motor operates, the piston reciprocates between the charge and expel positions. Reciprocation of the piston causes a working surface on the head of the piston to act on texture material in the charging chamber to force the texture material out of the hopper gun through the outlet. 
     As the piston reciprocates, a small amount of texture material may leak from the charging chamber into the spring chamber around the piston. The overflow chamber and motor chamber are configured such that gravity causes the texture material leaking into the spring chamber to flow into the overflow chamber rather than the motor chamber. The user may remove the overflow housing to empty it of any texture material contained therein. 
     Additionally, the working surface of the exemplary piston has a cross-sectional area larger than that of the piston of an airless sprayer optimized for spraying paint. This larger area allows the relatively viscous texture material to be expelled in spray appropriate for obtaining the desired texture pattern. 
     Further, the outlet is formed by one or more output orifices the number and cross-sectional area of which yield an appropriate spray for obtaining a desired texture pattern. And this orifice is reconfigurable among a plurality of configurations to allow texture material to be deposited in one or more of a plurality of texture patterns. 
     The placement of the hopper above the charging chamber allows the relatively viscous texture material to flow by gravity into the charging chamber. The flow of texture material into the charging chamber will be assisted by a low pressure zone created as the piston moves from the expel position to the charge position. 
     Given that the hopper is located above the main housing assembly, the position of the overflow chamber relative to the spring and motor chambers ensures that texture material will leak into the overflow chamber and not the motor chamber. The overflow chamber is thus located such that it (a) ensures that leaking texture materials does not interfere with operation of the motor and (b) provides the user with a visual indication when too much texture material is leaking around the piston and the system may require service. 
     Additionally, the size of the piston and the configuration of the output orifice are determined such that the hopper gun system will form a spray appropriate for depositing texture material on to a surface to be coated, even though the system does not use compressed gas to form the spray. 
     A system so constructed does not require an external air source or hand pumping. This system is easy to operate and, because it is electrically powered, may be used without undue discomfort to texture large surface areas. This system further allows all of the industry standard texture patterns to be formed, and allows one or another of these patterns to be selected as desired. 
     A system constructed in accordance with the present invention can be manufactured inexpensively and reliably and thus is cost effective. This system also yields consistent, repeatable texture patterns of high quality. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIGS. 1A and 1B are side, cut-away views depicting a hopper gun spray texturing system constructed in accordance with, and embodying, the principles of the present invention; 
     FIGS. 2A and 2B depict the system shown in FIGS.  1 A- 1 B in the process of expelling texture material; 
     FIG. 3 depicts a front elevational view of a second nozzle member that may be used to form an outlet orifice of a second configuration; 
     FIG. 4 depicts a front elevational view of a third nozzle member that may be used to form an outlet orifice of a third configuration; 
     FIG. 5 depicts a front elevational view of a fourth nozzle member that may be used to form an outlet orifice of a fourth configuration; and 
     FIG. 6 is a rear, elevational view of an end plug through which texture material passes as before it exits the system through the outlet orifice. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Referring now to FIG. 1A, depicted at  20  therein is a texturing system adapted to apply coating materials to a surface (not shown) to be coated. The system  20  comprises a gun assembly  22  and a hopper  24 . The gun assembly  22  comprises a main housing assembly  26 , a piston  28 , and a motor assembly  30 . 
     In use, the hopper  24  is attached to the gun assembly  22  such that material within the hopper  24  flows into the main housing assembly  26 . The motor assembly  30  operates the piston  28  to discharge the flowable material in a spray. The flowable material sprayed by the system  20  can be any one of a number of coating materials, but the system  20  is, as will become apparent below, specifically designed to dispense texture materials. 
     The hopper  24  is or may be conventional; an appropriate hopper is sold by Homax Products, Inc. under part numbers 8322, 4550, and 4505P. This type of hopper is detachable and, in some cases, disposable and contains a predetermined amount of texture material (e.g., 0.58 gal., 0.79 gal., 1.84 gal.). The hopper  24  is not per se part of the present invention and will be discussed herein only to the extent necessary for a complete understanding of the operation of the system  20 . 
     The main housing assembly  26  comprises a main housing  32 , an overflow housing member  34 , an outlet spring housing assembly  36 , a retaining member  38 , and a nozzle member  40 . 
     The main housing  32  defines a charging chamber  42 , a return spring chamber  44 , a motor chamber  46 , and a handle portion  48 . The overflow housing member  34  is attached to the main housing  32  to define an overflow chamber  50 . 
     A check valve assembly  37  is formed by the outlet spring housing assembly  36 , which comprises a valve housing member  52 , a check valve member  54 , a spring  56 , and an outlet member  58 . The valve housing member  52  defines an outlet chamber  60 . 
     The retaining member  38  holds the outlet spring housing assembly  36  such that the outlet chamber  60  is adjacent to the charging chamber  42  with the check valve member  54  selectively preventing or allowing fluid communication between the charging chamber  42  and the outlet chamber  60 . 
     The nozzle member  40  is attached to the valve housing member  52  such that it holds the outlet member  58  in place to form the outlet spring assembly  36 . 
     The motor assembly  30  comprises a solenoid assembly  62 , a drive member  64 , a contact member  66 , and a shaft member  68 . The piston member  28  comprises a head portion  70  and a tail portion  72 . The tail portion  72  has a diameter that is increased relative to that of the head portion  70 . The head portion  70  resides partly in the charging chamber  42  and partly in the return spring chamber  44 . A return spring  74  is mounted within the return spring chamber  44  between the piston tail  72  and a fixed surface  76  formed on the main housing  26 . 
     Energizing the solenoid assembly  62  causes the drive member  64  to rotate about a pivot point  78  (the rotation is shown by a comparison of FIGS. 1A and 2A) such that the shaft  68  is moved along its axis. The shaft  68  is held against the piston tail  72  such that movement of the shaft  68  towards the piston  28  causes the piston  28  to move from a charge position as shown in FIG. 1A to a discharge position as shown in FIG.  2 A. This movement of the piston  28  is resisted by the return spring  74  such that, when the solenoid assembly  62  is in a second portion of its cycle, the return spring  74  forces the shaft  68  back to the position shown in FIG.  1 A. The solenoid assembly  62  thus operates in a cyclical or pulsed fashion to move the piston  28  between the positions shown in FIGS. 1A and 2A. 
     Referring now to FIGS. 1B and 2B, this process will be described in further detail. As shown in these Figures, the main housing assembly  26  is further comprised of an attachment portion  80 . The attachment portion  80  allows a neck portion  82  of the hopper  24  to be connected to the gun assembly  22  such that texture material flows from the hopper  24  through an inlet port  84  and into the charging chamber  42 . 
     An outlet portion  86  of the main housing assembly  26  is internally threaded and defines a connecting chamber  88 . The spring housing member  52  has an increased diameter portion  90  that is inserted into the connecting chamber  88 . The retaining member  38  has an externally threaded surface that mates with the internal threads on the outlet portion  86 . When the retaining member  38  is attached to the outlet portion  86 , the retaining member  38  holds the outlet spring member  52  against the main housing assembly  26  such that the outlet chamber  60  is aligned with the charging chamber  42 . 
     The outlet member  58  defines through-holes  92  and comprises a spring post  94 . The outer surface of the spring housing member  52  is externally threaded, and the nozzle member  40  is internally threaded to match the threading on the outside of the spring housing member  52 . The nozzle member  40  is threaded onto the spring housing member  52  with the outlet member  58  therebetween such that the through-holes  92  allow fluid communication between the outlet chamber  60  and a nozzle chamber  95  defined between the nozzle member  40  and outlet member  58 . An outlet orifice  96  is formed in the nozzle member  40  such that fluid may pass between the nozzle chamber  95  and the exterior of the gun assembly  22 . 
     Additionally, one end of the spring  56  is held by the spring post  94  and the other end of the spring  56  is attached to the check valve member  54  such that the check valve member  54  is within the outlet chamber  60  and normally held against an annular surface  98  formed on the main housing assembly  26 . 
     A disc-like working surface  100  is formed on the head  70  of the piston  28 . This working surface  100  acts on material within the charging chamber  42  when the piston  28  moves from its charging position to its expelling position. The surface area of this working surface  100  is approximately 0.80 in 2  in the preferred embodiment, should be within a first preferred range of between 0.5 to 1.0 in 2 , but in any event should be at least 0.03 in 2 . 
     As shown by comparing FIGS. 1B and 2B, movement of the piston  28  from its charging position to its expel position forces texture material within the charging chamber  42  against the check valve member  54 . The check valve member  54  compresses the check valve spring  56 , at which time the check valve member  54  is unseated from the annular surface  98  on the main housing assembly  26 . This creates an annular channel around the check valve member as shown at  102  in FIG. 2B that allows texture material to flow past the check valve member  54 , through the outlet chamber  60 , through the through-holes  92 , into the nozzle chamber  95 , and out the outlet orifice  96 . 
     When the return spring forces the piston  28  back toward its charging position, the check valve member  54  is allowed to return to its closed position in which it is seated against the annular surface  98 . This closes the charging chamber  42  on all sides but through the inlet port  84 . Accordingly, by action of gravity and a vacuum created by the movement of the return spring  74 , texture material flows in to the charging chamber  42  to recharge this chamber with texture material for the next cycle. 
     From the foregoing, it can be seen that the check valve assembly  37  forms a check valve that prevents texture material from flowing out of the charging chamber  42  when the piston  28  is not travelling forward. Only when this piston  28  is travelling forward will the check valve assembly  37  open so that texture material may flow out of the outlet orifice  96 . 
     The combination of the check valve assembly  37 , retaining member  38 , and outlet member  40  allows this portion of the gun assembly  22  to be disassembled for cleaning. 
     As can be seen in FIG. 1B, when the piston  28  is in its charged position, a substantial surface area of the head portion  70  thereof overlaps with an interior surface  104  of the main housing assembly  26  that defines the charging chamber  42 . This overlap essentially forms a seal that should prevent texture material within the charging chamber  42  from being forced by back pressure into the return spring chamber  44 . The gun assembly  22  thus does not employ a separate seal to seal the gap between the piston head portion  70  and the main housing assembly inner surface  104 . 
     But with wear and certain materials having lower viscosity, it is possible that a small amount of the material being dispensed will leak into the return spring chamber  44 . This leaked material cannot be recycled by gravity back into the hopper  24  because, as discussed above, the higher viscosity of the texture material requires the hopper to be mounted above the gun assembly  22 . Accordingly, an overflow port  106  is formed in the main housing assembly  26  such that any material leaking into the return spring chamber  44  will drain through this overflow port  106  into the overflow chamber  50  described above. In this respect, referring for a moment again back to FIG. 1A, it can be seen that this overflow chamber  50  is defined by an inner surface  108  of the overflow housing member  34  and outer surfaces  110  and  112  of the main housing assembly  22 . 
     The overflow housing member  34  is detachably attached to the main housing assembly  26  by an attachment system  114  comprising an upper latch  116  and a lower latch  118 . The upper latch  116  comprises a latching projection  120  formed on the main housing assembly outer surface  110  and a flange  122  formed along an upper edge of the overflow housing member  34 . The flange  122  is held by the projection  120  so that movement of the flange  122  relative to the projection  120  is allowed only in one direction: that is towards the main housing assembly outer surface  112 . 
     The lower latch assembly  118  comprises a latch projection  124  and locking projection  126  that extend from the main housing assembly outer surface  112  and a vertical flange  128  formed on the overflow housing member  34 . A groove or indent  130  is formed on the vertical flange  128 . 
     In practice, the upper flange  122  is placed under the projection  120  and the overflow housing member  34  rotated (counterclockwise in FIG. 1A) until the lower flange  128  is received behind the lower projection  124  and the locking projection  126  is received in the groove or indent  130 . The groove or indent  130  positively engages the locking projection  126  to form a snap fit that prevents the vertical flange  128  from inadvertently rotating out of the position shown in FIG.  1 A. But a firm, positive application of manual force to rotate (clockwise in FIG. 1A) the overflow housing member  34  about a pivot defined by the upper flange  122  will cause the stop projection  126  to disengage from the groove  130  and allow the overflow housing member  34  to be detached from the main housing assembly  26 . The overflow housing member  34  may thus be removed to be checked for any leakage and emptied if any leakage is discovered. 
     In this respect, it should be noted that an upper edge  132  of the lower, vertical flange  128  is spaced above a lowermost portion  134  of the overflow housing member inner surface  108 . Texture material within the chamber  50  is thus less likely to leak as the bottom wall defining this chamber  50  is formed by a single, continuous portion of the inner surface  108 . 
     FIG. 1A also shows a drive opening  136  that allows the drive member  64  to extend from the motor chamber  46  into the return spring chamber  44 . The drive opening  136  is spaced from the overflow orifice  106  by a wall  138 . The spacing of these openings  106  and  136  from each other helps prevent texture material from entering the motor chamber  46  where it might interfere with the operation of the motor assembly  30 . 
     The overflow housing member  34  and overflow port  106  thus function to trap any texture that may leak into the return spring chamber  44 , thereby preventing contamination of more critical parts. Additionally, operation of the gun assembly  22  may eventually deteriorate with time as the piston  28  and/or the inner surface  104  of the main housing assembly  26  wear. Should this wear occur, more texture material will leak from the charging chamber  42  into the return spring chamber  44  and be trapped in the overflow chamber  50 . Accordingly, if the user notices over time that more and more texture material is accumulating within this chamber  50  for a given spraying time, the user will know that certain parts of the gun assembly  22  need to be replaced for optimum performance. 
     To facilitate the function of the overflow housing member  34 , this member  34  may be made of a transparent plastic material that allows the user to see into the overflow chamber  50  and determine how much texture material has accumulated therein. 
     Another important aspect of the present invention is the ergonomic arrangement of the various elements of the gun assembly  22 . In particular, when the hopper  24  is full of texture material, it can be quite heavy. The gun assembly  22  is designed such that the hopper  24  is located only slightly forward of the handle portion  48 . In particular, the attachment portion  80  comprises a cylindrical flange  140  adapted to receive the neck  82 . This cylindrical flange is spaced rearwardly relative to the inlet port  84 ; in other words, the inlet port is located forward of the central axis defined by the cylindrical flange  140 . This shifts the weight of the hopper  24  slightly to the rear so that it is more above the handle  48 . 
     Additionally, the piston  28  and the stroke thereof are made as short as possible so that the inlet port  84  itself may be located as close as possible to the handle portion  48 . 
     These features allow most of the weight of the hopper  24  to be arranged almost directly above the handle portion  48  so that the hopper is not tending to cause the nose of the gun  22  to be forced downward. The user is thus not having to fight the weight of the hopper when using the gun assembly  22 . 
     The gun assembly  22  further comprises a trigger member  142  that operates a switch that allows or prevents current from flowing to the solenoid assembly  62 . As is common with hopper guns, moving the trigger member  142  to the right in FIG. 1A closes the switch and allows current to reach the solenoid assembly  62 . 
     Referring now to FIGS.  3 - 5 , it can be seen that the nozzle member  40  may be embodied in any one of a number of configurations. Each of these configurations is adapted to obtain a different texture pattern. The nozzle member  40  shown in FIGS. 1 and  2  has an outlet orifice  96  of one cross-sectional area, the nozzle member  40   a  shown in FIG. 3 has an outlet orifice  96   a  having a second predetermined cross-sectional area, and the nozzle member  40   b  shown in FIG. 4 has an outlet orifice  96   b  having a cross-sectional area of a third size. Each of these nozzle members  40 ,  40   a , and  40   b  correspond to a different texture pattern, and one of these is selected according to the texture pattern desired. 
     In FIG. 5, depicted therein is yet another exemplary nozzle member  40   c . This nozzle member  40   c  has a number of outlet orifices  144  arranged in a pattern. The particular pattern in which these orifices  144  are arranged and the cross-sectional areas of each of these orifices will affect the type of texture pattern formed by the material sprayed therethrough. It is thus possible to modify the nozzle member  40  to obtain a number of outlet orifices of a cross-sectional area as necessary to obtain a desired texture pattern. 
     Referring now to FIG. 6, depicted therein is a front plan view of the nozzle member  58 . FIG. 6 shows that the nozzle member  58  comprises four through-holes  92  and a circular indentation  146 . Texture material flowing through the through-holes  92  will recombined in this chamber  146  before being forced out of the outlet orifice  96 . The outlet orifices  92  thus are configured to allow an appropriate amount of texture material to flow out of the outlet chamber  60  and into the nozzle chamber  95 . 
     While the gun assembly  22  described above has been optimized for use as a dispenser for texture material, it should be clear that these basic principles may also be applied to other coating materials such as paint. In this case, this system may be used unmodified except that a different nozzle member  40  may be required to develop the atomizing spray required for paint materials. Other than that, the gun assembly  22  is capable of being operated as a dispenser for both paint materials and texture materials. 
     From the foregoing, it can be seen that the present invention does not require an external air source, thereby making it much simpler and less costly for use by nonprofessionals. But because it is operated by electrical power, the user is not required to operate a hand pump to dispense texture material. Accordingly, this gun assembly  22  may be used to apply texture material to large surfaces. This device may be used by nonprofessionals, and can be manufactured inexpensively so that it may be purchased by persons other than professionals. 
     It should be apparent that the present invention may be modified in forms other than that described above. Accordingly, the scope of the present invention should be determined by the claims appended hereto and not the foregoing detailed description.