Abstract:
A novel electromechanical, chemical, thermal apparatus having the combined properties of a voltage intensifier, a diode and a capacitor for the molecular breakdown of water into its oxygen and hydrogen components. The instant invention uses only water (tap water, distilled water, purified water, etc.) without the need of adding any electrolyte. The system comprises a unique molecular reactor core having conductive inner and outer windings and a molecular reactor control assembly having water level controls via a float switch mechanism and temperature control process serving as the basis for the unique operation of the system. The instant invention provides a novel combination of the molecular reactor core and molecular reactor control assembly, in conjunction with a means for replenishing the water therein, all powered and controlled by simple control circuitry, and having usage implications for various functions, including but not limited to the generation of hydrogen gas.

Description:
FIELD OF INVENTION 
     The present disclosure relates generally to a small electromechanical, chemical, thermal apparatus having the combined properties of a voltage intensifier, a diode and a capacitor used in molecular breakdown of water into its oxygen and hydrogen components. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Hydrogen generators have been known in the art wherein hydrogen is extracted from the water molecule to provide a volatile and powerful energy source. According to the American Society of Automotive Engineers, while hydrogen is a fuel, it serves primarily as a catalyst for the fuel used causing the fuel to burn very fast, completely, and reducing the carbon footprint by up to 75%. Examples of hydrogen production methods and apparatus of the prior art are described in the following documents. In U.S. Pat. No. 3,954,592 to Horvath for an Electrolysis Apparatus, old technology of an electrolysis method using pulsed current to producing magnetic and thermal reactions is discussed. U.S. Pat. No. 4,069,371 to Zito, entitled Energy Conversion, teaches of the concept of renewable energy harvesting using hydrogen. In U.S. Pat. No. 4,702,894 to Cornish for a Hydrogen Supply Unit teaches of the production of hydrogen via a thermal process including water and metals for the production of fuel. U.S. Pat. No. 7,241,522 to Moulthrop for a Regenerative Electrochemical Cell System and Method for Use Thereof is prior art that teaches of an hydrogen on demand device using water employing an electrolyzer component. U.S. Pat. No. 20080047502 to Morse for a Hybrid Cycle Electrolysis Power System with Hydrogen &amp; Oxygen Energy Storage, teaches of decompressing hydrogen and oxygen isentropically using internal combustion to generate power. The U.S. Pat. No. 4,023,545, issued on May 17, 1977 to Moshe et al, as well as the U.S. Pat. No. 6,209,493, issued to Ross on Apr. 3, 2001, both provide teachings of “on-board” hydrogen gas generating systems for use with internal combustion engines, to afford hydrogen gas as a fuel source for combustion engines. However, in alignment with all of the prior art, such units also utilize electrolytes. 
     SUMMARY 
     The method and system according to the present invention offer a practical process and a safe device for use by the general public, and beyond, which has the combined properties of voltage intensifier, diode and capacitor characteristics. The method and system of the instant invention may be used for various uses, including, but not limited to, the production of hydrogen gas. 
     In the prior hydrogen generation systems, large quantities of an electrolyte (in portions as high as 25% of the aqueous solution) and excessive electrical energy requirements have been employed. Most of the energy used results in thermal losses thus requiring dissipation through extraneous equipment and devices. This produces handling and safety, and even corrosion issues. Furthermore, hydrogen generation devices are large, bulky, costly to manufacture and not easily adapted for use in vehicles or other machinery, as a fuel supplement and/or catalyst. 
     It is well known that significant effort has been spent in trying to efficiently produce hydrogen gas. Much of the focus has primarily been in the electronic field where the approach has been to attempt to develop complex and sophisticated electronic solutions, requiring large amounts of electrical energy, of which none have been particularly noteworthy. In the prior art, thermal losses are also viewed as a wasted by-product of the production of hydrogen. In many hydrogen generation systems, heat removal and/or recovery devices have been employed in attempt and increase the efficiency, or to remove the heat produced by the process. 
     In accordance with a first aspect of the present invention, there is disclosed a unique, and compact molecular reactor system which is an electromechanical, chemical, thermal apparatus having the combined properties of a voltage intensifier, a diode and a capacitor (shown to hold electric charge as a capacitor in that electric current flows only in one direction, after polarization, as a diode). 
     In accordance with a second aspect of the present invention, there is disclosed a simple, low cost system and method for producing hydrogen gas with materials that are easily accessible and utilizing a very simple design. 
     In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, there is disclosed an efficient system and method for producing hydrogen gas not requiring any addition of electrolytes and employing the use of ordinary tap water. 
     In accordance with yet another aspect of the present invention, there is disclosed a simple low cost and efficient system that requires a simple energy source such as simple 12V DC and produces electrical energy in excess of 15 kV. 
     In accordance with yet another aspect of the present invention, there is disclosed a low cost and efficient system utilizing simple electronic controls employing a modified direct current motor control with access to modulating pulse width, frequencies, voltage and amperage of the system. 
     In accordance with a first aspect of the present invention, there is disclosed a method for disassociating water into hydrogen and oxygen components while employing a molecular reactor core and control components being comprised of accessible and inexpensive materials. 
     In accordance with yet another aspect of the present invention, there is disclosed a low cost and efficient system utilizing a molecular reactor and core control which necessarily concentrates a large amount of energy into a small dimensional package and produces unique electro-thermal-chemical forces therein, which when combined with ordinary tap water, breaks the water into its oxygen and hydrogen components using relatively low power (amperage) requirements. 
     In accordance with yet another aspect of the present invention, there is disclosed a low cost and efficient system and method for producing hydrogen gas void of the standard plates and electrodes of the prior art but rather making use of a unique molecular reactor core design having a production emphasis on the mechanical controls more so than the electrical controls. 
     These and other advantages of the invention will become more apparent after reading the description and claims which follow. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Throughout the following views, reference numerals will be used on the drawings, and the same reference numerals will be used throughout the several views and in the description to indicate same or like parts of the invention. Embodiments of the present disclosure are described herein with reference to the drawings, in which: 
         FIG. 1  is a diagram illustrating a block diagrammatic overview of illustrating the operation of the disclosed system, according to certain embodiments of the present invention; 
         FIG. 2  is a diagram illustrating a Molecular Reactor Assembly (MRA) operatively coupled to a Molecular Reactor Core Control Assembly (MRCCA), according to certain embodiments of the present invention; 
         FIG. 3  is a plan view illustration of the MRA, according to certain embodiments of the present invention; 
         FIG. 4  is an exploded perspective view of the MRA, according to certain embodiments of the present invention; 
         FIG. 5  is a plan view diagram of the Outer Reactor Conductor Core (Outer RCC), according to certain embodiments of the present invention; 
         FIG. 6  is a plan view diagram of the Inner Reactor Conductor Core (Inner RCC), according to certain embodiments of the present invention; 
         FIG. 7  is a flow diagram illustrating an embodiment of method steps for preparing the Inner and Outer RCC&#39;s, according to certain embodiments of the present invention; 
         FIG. 8  is a perspective illustration of the winding of the Inner and Outer RCC&#39;s, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 9  is a side view illustrating electrical coupling of the electrical connectors to a RCC, according to one embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 10  is plan view diagramming the MRCCA, according to certain embodiments of the present invention; 
         FIG. 11  is a diagram illustrating an exploded perspective view of the MRCCA, according to certain embodiments of the present invention; 
         FIG. 12  is a flow diagram indicating the production of hydrogen gas in accordance with an embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 13  is a partially block, schematic systems diagram illustrating one embodiment of the hydrogen generation system adapted for fuel usage via a hydrogen consumption device, according to one embodiment of the present invention; and 
         FIG. 14  illustrates an alternate embodiment of a Unitary Molecular Reactor and Control Apparatus (UMRCA) comprising localized fluid level control and temperature control, according to certain embodiments of the present invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Hydrogen generators produce hydrogen and oxygen through the electrolysis of water, following the general chemical equation:
 
2H 2 O+Energy→2H 2 +O 2  
 
This chemical transformation describes the general process of electrochemical separation of water molecules into its two components, namely Oxygen and Hydrogen (0 2  and H 2 ). In an electrolysis system, these two gases are emitted from the electrodes and are separated and may be captured for use as an energy source for any one of many hydrogen powered appliances, devices, vehicles, or machines that can use such fuel sources.
 
     In the instant invention, a novel system and method for the generation of hydrogen gas is disclosed.  FIG. 1  is a diagrammatic illustration of a novel means for producing hydrogen gas in accordance with a particular embodiment of the present invention. In one embodiment the major components for a hydrogen generation system  1000  may comprise a Molecular Reactor Assembly (MRA)  100  operatively coupled to a Molecular Reactor Core Control Assembly (MRCCA)  200 , control circuitry  300 , a Hydrogen Extraction and Collection Means (HECM)  400  and a water replenishing means  500 . The hydrogen that has been generated may then be harvested and used as a fuel source for powering any number of possible Hydrogen Consumption Devices (HCD)  2000 . In some embodiments, the HCD  2000  may be operatively coupled to the hydrogen generation system  1000 , as discussed below; however, in alternate embodiments, the hydrogen gas may be extracted and stored for various subsequent, and even portable fuel usages depending on the appliances, devices, vehicles, and/or type of machinery. 
       FIG. 2  is a schematic diagram illustrating the operative coupling between the MRA  100  and the MRCCA  200 . The MRA  100  is comprised of reactive components and elements that create the conditions conducive for generating hydrogen gas. The MRA  100  and the MRCCA  200  operate in symbiotic relationship with one another wherein the MRA  100  serves as the reactive center for the electrical and thermal processes to transform the tap water (essentially H 2 0) into its components of oxygen and hydrogen. 
     The MRCCA  200  is an auxiliary component having a cooperative relationship to the MRA  100  to facilitate cooling and recirculation of the liquids in both units. It is driven by the rising gas bubbles and temperature produced by the MRA  100 . In operation, tap water contained in the MRA  100  is heated and produces an array of gas bubbles that drives the operation of the MRCCA  200  via recirculation, as indicated by the arrows of  FIG. 2 . The amount of recirculation, and hence cooling, is dependent on the water level in the MRCCA  200 . An assortment of fluid flow conduit means (FFCM) (described further below) and associated parts serve as a conduit for providing flow of water, steam, gases, and foam derived from the thermal, electrical and chemical reactions between the MRA  100  and the MRCCA  200 , thus maintaining the symbiotic relationship between the two units. 
     It also serves as a settling chamber allowing water and condensate to flow out and cycle back to the MRA  100 . Portions of the FFCM  190  is elevated (for example, as much as 3 inches in one embodiment) to accommodate any rise of water by creating a slight water column head pressure, which by design will always be greater than any pressure possibly generated by the hydrogen production process. This is beneficial for eliminating any back wash of water into a hydrogen consumption device, e.g., such as an automobile engine. This provides a safety feature that prevents sloshing in any sort of rough movement situation. 
       FIGS. 3 and 4  illustrate the MRA  100  in further detail.  FIG. 3  is a plan view diagram of the MRA  100  and  FIG. 4  provides an exploded perspective illustration of the MRA  100 . At the seat of the MRA  100  is the reactor core  150 . The reactor core  150  is comprised of a set of closely wrapped continuous spiral wound conductors hereinafter dubbed the Outer and Inner Reactor Core Conductors (RCC&#39;s)  153  and  155 , respectively, discussed in further detail below with regard to  FIGS. 5 and 6 . These RCC&#39;s  153  and  155  are wound about one another as anode and cathode and successively connected to a set of electrical conductors serving as contact electrodes  110  and  115  and having a spatial relationship to one another such that they are continuous and concentrically wound about one another and closely wrapped and insulated from one another. The contact electrodes  110  and  115  are comprised of suitable electrically conductive materials such as copper. 
     The reactor core  150  is encased in a nonconductive core container  170 . The core container  170  may be comprised of any suitable nonconductive, heat resistant and mechanically rigid materials, such as, for example, polycarbonate tubing. However, in some embodiments, the core container  170  may be comprised of materials such as stainless steel. In one embodiment, the MRA  100  has dimensions comprising a height of approximately 6.25 inches and a width of approximately 3 inches. It is important to note that one important feature of this instant invention is the relative small size. The relative dimensions of the wound RCC&#39;s  153  and  155 , the core container will become further apparent with subsequent description below. 
     The core container  170  provides a hermetic sealing for the MRA  100  and any fluid contained therein, and is sealed at either end by a set of proximal and distal core end plates  120  and  130 , respectively. Both the proximal and distal core end plates  120  and  130  may contain recesses, grooves, tapping, and/or coring,  123  and  133  (note  FIG. 4 ) for forming the sealed fitting at the juncture between the core plates  120  and  130  and the core container  170 . 
     A set of proximal and distal core container skirts  180  and  185 , respectively, immediately surround the body of the molecular reactor core  150  to facilitate the desired direction of fluid flow thereabout, as illustrated by the set of arrows in  FIG. 2 . Moreover, an inner core plug  183 , which serves to prevent recirculation of fluid within the inner most interior portion of the MRA  100 , and works in conjunction with a set of proximal and distal core container skirts  180  and  185 . The inner core plug  183  is comprised of a suitable form fitting, heat resistant and non-conductive material such as PVC, acrylic, nylon, and the like. 
     The set of proximal and distal core container skirts  180  and  185  are concentrically located within the core container  170  and thereby the diameter is smaller than the core container  170  but larger than the body of the reactor core  150 , and fitting tightly thereabout. In one embodiment, the dimension of the core container  170  has a diameter in the range of about 2-3 inches. The reactor core  150  is designed to be as small as possible, requiring minimal, but precise, amounts of material for optimal operation. {Further dimension relationship disclosure here based on measurements} 
     Referring now to  FIGS. 5 and 6 , the outer and inner RCC&#39;s  153  and  155  are illustrated in their pre-wound state. Prior to winding the metal sheets about one another to thus form a cathode and anode configuration (and moreover, the body of the reactor core  150 ) sheets of conductive material are prepared. Additionally,  FIG. 7  is a flow diagram illustrating an embodiment of method steps for preparing the reactor core conductors  153  and  155  which include a series of RCC production procedures  1500 . 
     In the dimensioning procedure  1510 , a set of conductive plates are provided and dimensioned. In one embodiment, this procedure comprises providing two 316L grade stainless steel plates having an approximate length ranging between 24-30 inches and a width ranging between 2-5 inches, thus, the plates may have an approximate surface area of 81 inches per side, in one embodiment. 
     In this embodiment, 316L grade stainless steel is chosen as a conductive material because of its high corrosive resistant characteristics and superior malleability. Furthermore, grade 316L has a low carbon content and is immune from sensitisation (grain boundary carbide precipitation). 
     The chemical formula is:
 
Fe,&lt;0.03% C,16-18.5% Cr,10-14% Ni,2-3% Mo,&lt;2% Mn,&lt;1% Si,&lt;0.045% P,&lt;0.03% S
 
The tensile strength is approximately 485 (MPa)
 
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
               
                 Table of Physical Properties for 316 grade Stainless Steels 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Thermal 
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Mean Co-eff of 
                 Conductivity 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Thermal Expansion 
                 (W/m · K) 
                 Specific 
                 Elec 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                   
                 Elastic 
                 (μm/m/° C.) 
                 At 
                 At 
                 Heat 
                 Resisti- 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Density 
                 Modulus 
                 0-100° 
                 0-315° 
                 0-538° 
                 100° 
                 500° 
                 0-100° C. 
                 vity 
               
               
                 Grade 
                 (kg/m 3 ) 
                 (GPa) 
                 C. 
                 C. 
                 C. 
                 C. 
                 C. 
                 (J/kg · K) 
                 (nΩ · m) 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 316/L/H 
                 8000 
                 193 
                 15.9 
                 16.2 
                 17.5 
                 16.3 
                 21.5 
                 500 
                 740 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Source: Atlas Steels Australia 
               
             
          
         
       
     
     The stainless steel plates provided may be approximately 0.01 to 0.025 inches thick. Although 316L grade stainless steel is described herein as a conductive material used to comprise the RCC&#39;s  153  and  155 , it would be further evident to one skilled in the art to use other suitable conductive materials in lieu of stainless steel for the conductors. 
     Referring again to  FIG. 7 , a further step in the process of preparing the reactor core conductors includes a multi-step thermal process. In an initial thermal step  1520 , the steel plates are heated to a temperature of about 450 degrees for approximately 4 hours. And, in a subsequent thermal step  1525 , the steel plates are cooled to room temperature for approximately 2 hours. 
     Additionally, in a roughening procedure  1530 , an abrasive element, such as sandpaper, is used to abrade either side of the steel plates. This procedure facilitates gas bubble formation by providing a roughened surface area on the plates within the MRA  100  during the hydrogen generation process. It is also envisioned that this procedure facilitates suitable conditions for producing the necessary molecular electrochemical changes in the steel plates and thus contributing to the unique performance of the MRA  100 . 
       FIGS. 5 and 6  provide illustrations indicating the result of the procedure of providing attachment means  1540 . Herein, sets of hook apertures  151   a  and  152   b  are formed in the RCC&#39;s  153  and  155  at the proximal and distal ends of the steel plates. In a tab production procedure  1550 , tabs  156  are formed on one portion of the plates by producing an array of longitudinal slits, and then cutting and extracting the excess plate material. 
     The formed tab  156  constitute the connection portion of the RCC&#39;s  153  and  155  and are bent to an angle θ, which can range from about 30-60 degrees, with respect to the normal plane of the pre-wound steel plate. This angled tab  156  provides a pinch fitting for receiving, and thus electrically coupling with the contact electrodes  110  and  115  (as illustrated in  FIG. 9 ). 
     In a spacer procedure  1560 , nonconductive spacer material  160  is coupled to the inner reactor core conductor  155  to prohibit each of the RCC&#39;s  153  and  155  from touching one another once they are wound about one another.  FIG. 6  shows the set of anchor apertures  165   a  and  165   b  for connecting the spacer material  160  to the reactor core conductor  155 . In one embodiment, a monofilament line or an approximate diameter ranging from 0.030 to 0.035 inches in diameter is wrapped about both sides of the inner RCC  155  from a distal end to the proximal end thereof. 
     In a winding procedure  1570 , the reactor core conductors  153  and  155  are kept electrically insulated from one another via the spacer material  160 , but are wound about one another by any suitable wrapping tool  99  (e.g., a wrap mandrel, or the like) as illustrated in  FIG. 8 . This winding procedure  1570  facilitates the polarity of the RCC&#39;s  153  and  155  and prepares them for operating with anodal and cathodal electrical characteristics once electrically connected to a power source via contact electrodes  110  and  115 . 
     In an electrical coupling procedure  1580 , the distal ends of the RCC&#39;s  153  and  155  are bent at the tabs  156  and electrically coupled to electrical conductors  110  and  115 , see  FIG. 9 . Moreover, illustrates a top diagrammatic view of the MRA  100  wherein the relationship of the wound RCC&#39;s  153  and  155  and connection to contact electrodes  110  and  115  may be gleaned. 
     An embodiment of the MRCCA  200  is illustrated in  FIGS. 10 and 11 . The body of the MRCCA  200  is comprised of a body casing  210 , which may be comprised of any suitable nonconductive, heat resistant and mechanically rigid materials, such as, for example, polycarbonate tubing. However, some embodiments may employ stainless steel. The body casing  210  may have a cylindrical shape. Body casing  210  provides a housing for fluid and a float switch mechanism (FSM)  250  for containment therein. The MRCCA  200  serves as an auxiliary unit separate from the MRA  100  and is governed by design principals of basic cooling and recirculation of liquids. 
     As can be gleaned in the illustration of  FIG. 2 , it is driven by rising gas bubbles and temperature, and thus requiring no further power source. This simplistic design of fluid pressure controls the water level in both the MRA  100  and MRCCA  200 . 
     The body casing  210  provides a hermitic sealing for the MRCCA  200  and is sealed at either end by a set of proximal and distal end plates  220  and  230 , respectively. Each of the proximal and distal end plates  220  and  230  may contain a recess, groove, tapping, and/or coring,  215  (note also  FIG. 10 ) for forming the sealed fitting at the juncture between the proximal and distal end plates  220  and  230  and the proximal and distal ends of the core container  170 . The proximal and distal end plates  220  and  230  may further contain a set of threaded apertures  225 ,  235  and  227 , for threadably receiving and thus providing mechanical coupling to a set of FFCM  190 , as well as a hydrogen outlet tubing hydrogen outlet and collection tubing  410 . 
     The hydrogen gas outlet tubing hydrogen outlet and collection tubing  410  provides a conduit for the escaping hydrogen gas that has been generated by the MRA  100  such that it may be extracted and adapted for use by a HCD  2000 . The FFCM  190  may comprise an array of tubing  195  of varying shapes and dimensions, nuts  191 , bolts  192 , clamp assemblies  198  and connector tubing  193  operatively connected to one another for providing sealed, longitudinal passageways for fluids in and out of the MRA  100  and MRCCA  200 . 
     The amount of recirculation, and hence cooling, is dependent upon the water level in the MRA  100  and the associated temperature generated by the reactions occurring within the MRA  100 . The higher the water level in relation to the gas outlet tubing hydrogen outlet and collection tubing  410 , the more fluid flows (gas, foam, and/or water) and heat exits the MRA  100  accordingly. The lower the water level, the less heat and fluid flow and out of the MRA  100  and into the MRCCA  200 . 
     In that it is desirable to maintain a heat of just below about 212 degrees F. (at sea level), the water level requires constant adjusting to maintain a run level such that when this optimal temperature is reached, or exceeded, fluid (gas, water and/or foam) and produced heat is removed to stabilize the system to the desired operating temperature. The desired water level in the MRA  100  is maintained and adjusted via raising or lowering the height (i.e., x-plane spatial relationship) of MRCCA  200  relative to the MRA  100 . 
     Moreover, the MRCCA  200  also cools the ejected water by surface radiation and air flow and thus facilitating the water flow which proceeds down through the plumbing of the FFCM  190  and is returned to the exit aperture  125  of the MRA  100  where upward normal forces pull the water up through the body of the MRA  100  by the newly formed hydrogen gas bubbles (again note arrows of  FIG. 2 ). This fluid flow is a continuous process which can be controlled by the water replenishing means  500 . It is noted that this embodiment does not produce excessive heat that needs to be removed by radical means. 
     As seen diagrammatically in  FIG. 13 , the control circuitry  300  includes a throttle means  320  which may be adjusted to control the rate of the hydrogen gas production. For example, the throttle means  320  comprises a potentiometer with and adjustable output which may be reduced, thus lowering the delivered power to the system and hence, less hydrogen is produced. 
     The FSM  250  is housed within the MRCCA  200  and is comprised of a float  251  which may be comprised of suitable, water resistant conductive material, such as, stainless steel. The float  251  comprises a coupling section  252  for coupling to the proximal end plate  220 . The proximal end plate  220  comprises an aperture  257  which may contain threading  253  for coupling to the MRCCA  200  by connection means such as a bolt  255 . A set of conductors  258   a  and  258   b  serve to electrically couple the float  251  to control circuitry  300 , and particularly a float control switch (FCS)  510  ( FIG. 12 ) for controlling the make up feed water within the MRCCA  200 . The FSM  250  operates by way of floatation upon the water surface contained within the MRCAA  200 , as described further below. 
       FIG. 12  illustrates a general flow chart of one loop of the hydrogen gas generation process  900 , in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. In an initial provision step  910 , a hydrogen gas generation system  1000  in accordance with the disclosed description is provided comprising a MRA  100 , MRCCA  200 , control circuitry  300 , HCEM  400 , and water replenishing means  500 . In a water requisition step  920 , non-electrolytic water (e.g., tap water, distilled water, purified water, or fresh water) is added to the MRA  100 . In an electrification step  930 , power is supplied to the hydrogen generation system  1000  by way of the control circuitry  300 , which comprises a power source, such as a 12V DC battery. This powering provides the necessary electron flow through the wound RCC&#39;s  153  and  155  and thus beginning the process of the heat generation, water level oscillations, and bubble formation of the system  1000 . 
     In an operation conditions step  940 , optimal thermal and electrochemical operating conditions have to be met. This step includes allowing the power settings to achieve the desired, predetermined set point, which in turn allows the temperature to rise within the MRA  100  to just below boiling (to approximately 212 degrees F.). This occurs when the amperage rises to the predetermined set point and maximum current is flowing through the RCC&#39;s  153  and  155 . The relative large surface area of both the RCC&#39;s  153  and  155  contribute to the large resisitive characteristics of the stainless steel plates. In one embodiment, a power setting can be in the range of 20-25 amps. It is to be understood that it is well within the scope of the invention to adjust power setting (amperage and/or voltage) to suit the needs and condition requirements of the hydrogen consumption device  2000  being used. 
     In a generation step  950 , the hydrogen gas is generated. Once the optimal operating conditions are met, both hydrogen (H 2 ) and oxygen (O 2 ) gases are produced as a byproduct of the pulse width, frequency and current adjustment and electrochemical processes occurring within the MRA  100  in conjunction with the controlling functions of the MRCCA  200 . 
     In an operations maintenance step  960 , optimal thermal and electrochemical systems operating conditions have to be maintained. Therefore, the temperature, water levels and power settings must be kept at predetermined levels to maintain continuous hydrogen production. The power setting is maintained at a level to consistently allow the temperature to stay just below the boiling range. The temperature is maintained at optimal temperatures by also adjusting the water levels in the MRA  100 . As these parameters are maintained, the hydrogen gas is efficiently and consistently produced. 
     In an extraction step  970 , the generated hydrogen gas is extracted and collected via HCEM  400 . The hydrogen gas, resulting from the above processes, rises to the top of the MRA  100  exiting the hydrogen exit aperture  227  and enters the hydrogen outlet and collection tubing  410 . 
     In a replenishing step  980 , the necessary water level within the HGS  1000  is maintained by systematically replenishing non-electrolyzed water. This may be done automatically with the aide of the control circuitry  300 . For example, in one embodiment, the FCS  510  signals the replenishing water pump  520  to activate, and hence replace water that has been used in the process of the hydrogen generation, particularly due to fluid losses resulting from thermal and condensation/evaporation processes within the MRA  100  and MRCCA  200 . 
     In one embodiment, an adaptation for employing the hydrogen gas that has been generated is by way of a hydrogen consumption device  2000  for use as a catalyst fuel source for an automobile.  FIG. 13  is a block diagram illustrating the electrical control circuitry  300  used to power and control the MRA  100  and MRCCA  200  for on board hydrogen gas generation in a dosed loop fashion. The MRA  100  is designed to be as small as possible, thus minimizing the water required to operate, which in turn likewise optimizes real estate considerations in a hydrogen consumption device  2000 . Furthermore, this allows the MRA  100  to approach optimal operating conditions (i.e., temperature and/or ionization levels within the fluid) rapidly. In one embodiment, an optimal water level in the MRA  100  should be about 1 inch above the proximal end (or top) of the MRCCA  200 , and the water level within the MRCCA  200  should be about ±0.25 inches below the proximal end (or top) of the MRA  100 . 
     The bottom of the MRCCA  200  needs to be approximately 0.5 inches above the distal end (or inner bottom) of the MRA  100 . The proximal and distal core container skirts  180  and  185  provide a loose seal to the bottom of the MRA  100  and the bottom of the MRA  100  inner chamber, hence preventing direct circulation out of the top of the MRA  100 , and back downwards between the inner chamber of the MRA  100  and the exterior of the MRCCA  200  (refer also to  FIG. 2  and note arrows). 
     In operation, this forces the fluid up and out of the top of the MRA  100  via exit aperture  125 , along the FFCM  190 , and hence down into the MRCAA  200  toward the distal end and out of exiting aperture  235  and back toward the MRA  100  via the FFCM  190 . This forced circulation is powered by the forming gas bubbles being produced within the MRA  100 . Once the hydrogen generation system  1000  is powered up (i.e., the throttle  320  is turned to full-on), and the temperature and amperage draw rises to the maximum operating levels, this process balances and begins and continues. 
     One embodiment of the control circuitry  300  is shown in the schematic illustration of  FIG. 13  in view of a particular adaptation for the hydrogen generation system  1000 . Since the emphasis of this disclosure lies in the novel features of the overall hydrogen generation system  1000  with particular emphasis on the MRA  100  and MRCAA  200 , and their cooperative, operative relationship there between, the embodiment of  FIG. 13  is understood to be one exemplary adaptation of the usage of the hydrogen generation system  1000  for use with a hydrogen consumption device  2000 , which in this instant is an automobile. 
     The control unit  310  manipulates the frequencies, voltage, pulse width and amperage to produce an adjustable pulse modulated, variable frequency voltage signal to the MOSFET array  330 . The MOSFET array  330  may comprise a plurality of MOSFETS which supplies the significant power to the contact electrodes  110  and  115  of the MRA  100 . In one embodiment, the positive supply from the power source  2020  (i.e., battery) is electrically coupled to the outer RCC  153 , and the negative supply from the MOSFET array  330  is electrically coupled to the inner RCC  155 . 
     This embodiment illustrates the nature of the hydrogen on demand nature of the instant invention and how it can be employed as and on-board production of hydrogen gas with non-electrolyzed water. In this adaptation, the hydrogen consumption device  2000  is powered up via the ignition switch  2010  of an automobile, which then completes the circuit for power by way of battery power source  2020 . Hence, the essential steps as outlined in the hydrogen gas generation method  900  (of  FIG. 12 ) commence and the hydrogen gas produced may be used as a fuel and catalyst source in the combustion engine of an automobile. However, the water replenishing means  500  may comprise further adapted parts for a vehicle using pre-existing auto parts such as an air conditioning system. In one example, the FSM  250  can be operatively coupled to both the control circuitry  300  and water replenishing means elements such as a water pump  520  for replenishing system water levels. And further, a water reservoir  525  and catch basin  540  may be operatively coupled to a residual water source such as the air conditioning cooling means  550 . In an adaptation as such, many existing engine controls and air conditioning cooling system elements that are customarily a part of conventional automobiles are utilized in such an embodiment. 
     In experimental instances with the present invention, it has been observed that this system may be voltage driven as well. For example, in one instance, applying a 24 V DC power sources, in lieu of a 12 V DC, produces nearly instantaneous, vigorous production of hydrogen gas. Being voltage driven, as opposed to amperage driven, is a major finding in the design of this hydrogen generation system  1000  and for hydrogen gas production, in general. Moreover, this is heavily dependent upon the design, materials, and construction of the MRA  100  in conjunction with the MRCAA  200 , versus any particulars of the control circuitry  300 . 
     In the foregoing manner, exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are described with reference to the figures. Although only exemplary embodiments are of the present disclosure are described, the present invention is not to be limited to specific details so described. The scope of the present disclosure is not limited to the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure provided above. Numerous changes and modifications can be made to the exemplary embodiments without departing from the scope or spirit of the present invention. 
     For example, the body casing  210  of the MRCCA  200  is illustrated in a cylindrical fashion, however it is to be appreciated that other shapes are well within the scope of the invention. Similarly, the set of proximal and distal core plates  120  and  130  and set of proximal and distal core plates  120  and  130  of the MRA  100  may likewise be formed of in a shape different from the cylindrical shape illustrated herein. 
     Furthermore, the embodiments of the disclosed invention may also be adapted into a pressurized modality. In a pressurized embodiment (not shown) operating under the same principals and controls, the hydrogen generation system  1000  produces pressures exceeding 80 psi. The MRA  100  housing is constructed of an approximate 3 inch stainless steel tubing and the proximal and distal core end plates  120  and  130 , respectively, may be comprised of be an estimated 1 inch thick polycarbonate blocks. The stainless steel housing would then be sealed to the end plates via a high temperature gasket sealing compound. 
     Herein, the end plates  120  and  130  may be bolted, clamped, or otherwise connected to one another ( FIG. 14 ). Electrical conductors  110  and  115  for an embodiment as such may also be comprised of stainless steel threaded rods which are drilled and tapped into the proximal end plate  120 , this maintaining position thereof when in operation and under great pressure. The FSM  250  may have a 0.5 inch range of control, and the water levels contained within the MRA  100  and MRCCA  200  A pressurized system offers hydrogen gas storage capacity for a variety of other types of hydrogen gas usage. 
     In yet another alternate embodiment, the MRA  100  and MRCAA  200  may be combined in a Unitary Molecular Reactor and Control Apparatus (UMRCA)  1200 , as illustrated in  FIG. 14 . The elements of the UMRCA  1200  are congruently similar to the former embodiments and may comprise the following non-exhaustive listing of: 
     a core container  1270 , a float switch mechanism  1250  and proximal and distal end plates  1220  and  1230  with distal exit apertures  1235  and proximal end plate apertures  1227   a  and  1227   b  (for fluid and hydrogen gas flow), fluid flow conduit means and apparatus  1290 , and all of the reactive core conductor windings and parts that comprise the corresponding MRA  100 . 
     Further examples obvious substitutions that would be well known to an artisan of skill in the art such as substituting one form of sealing means for another, or one form of element fastening or attaching means to another. This would also include varying the dimensions of the parts to produce the same device on larger and/or smaller scales. It is further not beyond the scope of the invention to modify and/or substitute known, or even unknown, material equivalents for the conductive components and contacts, and non-conductive components and tubing, and the like. Again, numerous changes and modifications can be made to the exemplary embodiments and their elements without departing from the scope or spirit of the present invention.