Abstract:
The invention concerns a method of blowing and filling a container ( 120 ) from a preform, the method comprising: —placing a preform within a mold ( 140 ), —stretching the preform —injecting a liquid into the preform after the stretching has started so as to cause expansion of the preform within the mold, thereby obtaining a blown and filled container ( 120 ), —capping the blown and filled container ( 120 ).

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     The present application is a National Stage of International Application No. PCT/EP2013/051986, filed on Feb. 1, 2013, which claims priority to European Patent Application No. 12154805.1, filed Feb. 10, 2012, the entire contents of which are being incorporated herein by reference. 
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The invention relates to a method of blowing, filling and capping containers with liquid from preforms. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Plastic containers such as bottles of water are manufactured and filled according to different methods including blow moulding or stretch-blow moulding. 
     According to one of these known methods a plastic preform is first manufactured through a moulding process and then heated before being positioned inside a blowing mould. 
     The preform usually takes the form of a cylindrical tube closed at its bottom end and open at its opposite end. 
     Once the preform has been positioned within the mould only the open end of the preform is visible from above the mould. 
     The above-mentioned method makes use of a stretch rod which is downwardly engaged into the open end of the preform so as to abut against the closed bottom end thereof. The stretch rod is further actuated to be urged against the closed end, thereby resulting in stretching the preform. 
     After the stretching phase has been initiated a liquid is injected into the preform through its open end during a filling phase, as disclosed for instance in Applicant&#39;s patent EP 1 529 620 B1. This liquid injection causes together with the stretching expansion of the preform until coming into contact with the inner walls of the mould, thereby achieving the final shape of the container. 
     The container that has been formed and filled with liquid, e.g. water, is then provided with a cap before being manipulated, shipped, stacked, carried, etc. 
     Typically bottles of water are grouped into packs or packages and then assembled together on a pallet. 
     Pallets are next transported in trucks or trains and may sometimes be stacked upon each other. 
     In such situations the bottles are exposed to strong external forces and loads and must be resistant thereto. 
     In particular, they need to be resistant to loads applied from the top. 
     If the mechanical strength of the container or bottle is not sufficient, the pallets may run the risk of collapsing, which could lead to rejection by the customer or even give rise to dangerous situations, accidents and possible injuries caused to people. 
     The trend from the market and consumers for sustainable and cost effective packaging solutions has been rising over the last years. 
     As a consequence, the beverage industry has reduced the quantity of material used in the manufacture of plastic containers, in particular bottles. 
     However, this reduction in material has come to its limits since the filled containers have to be resistant to strong external forces and loads as explained above. 
     There is therefore a need to increase the stability of containers. 
     One solution is to use more material for manufacturing the containers. 
     However, this solution goes against the above-mentioned trend. 
     Another solution is to add nitrogen or pressurized air in the filled container. 
     However, this solution involves an additional machine or piece of equipment and a further manufacturing step which requires, in particular, supplying a pressurized cleaned gas. 
     In addition, a specific container base or bottom part is needed for supporting this solution. 
     This requires additional material which is not appreciated by the consumers. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The invention has been conceived having the foregoing in mind. 
     In this respect, the invention is directed to a method as defined in claim  1 . 
     By timely capping the blown and liquid-filled container a slight pressure is being built up inside the closed container, which makes it possible for the latter to better withstand external forces and loads. The top load resistance of the container gets therefore improved. 
     Thanks to the invention no additional machine or further manufacturing step or pressurized cleaned gas in the process is needed. 
     The method according to the invention is therefore easy to implement and cheap. 
     Also, even lightweight containers may be given an enhanced top load resistance and may, therefore, be stored and transported safely. 
     The Applicant has noticed that during the performance of a stretch-blow moulding and filling method shrinking of the container occurs. Such a shrinkage is undesired since it reduces the filling capacity of the container. 
     In order to avoid or limit shrinking of the container the temperature of the mould has to be closely controlled during the process. 
     The Applicant has discovered that the pressure inside the container and, therefore, the top load resistance of the container may be further enhanced by favouring shrinkage of the container during the process and quickly capping the container. This is because shrinking of the container causes the inner pressure to rise. A quick capping of the container makes it possible to stop, or at least limit, the shrinkage. 
     Thus, the stretch-blow moulding and filling method may be simplified since the temperature of the mould during the process need not be controlled as much as in the past. 
     More particularly, less calories than in the past need to be evacuated by the cooling circuit of the mould. 
     According to a possible feature, the capping is performed between 1 s and 2 mn after obtaining the blown and filled container. 
     Thus, the capping may take place within a predetermined period of time lying between 1 s and 2 mn after the container has been blown and filled with liquid. The mechanical strength of the container is thus sufficiently reinforced for being subsequently stored under other containers and the like and transported. 
     According to a possible further feature depending on the latter, the capping is performed 1 s and 30 s after obtaining the blown and filled container. 
     This shorter range of time provides greater efficiency and thus further enhanced top load resistance. 
     The invention is also directed to an apparatus as defined in claim  4 . 
     In the apparatus according to the invention the capping head is located between the injection head and the mould during the blowing and filling of the container (through stretching and expansion operations). Thus, once the container has been blown and filled there is no need to raise the injection head and bring a capping head between the latter and the mould which still encloses the container since the capping head is already in place, at the appropriate location. 
     Thus, thanks to this apparatus the capping may be performed within a predetermined period of time so as to build up a pressure lying between 0.3 and 1.5 bars inside the capped container. 
     More particularly, thanks to this apparatus the capping may be performed between 1 s and 2 mm or, for example, between 1 s and 30 s after obtaining the blown and filled container. 
     There is no need either to transfer the filled and opened container towards a distant station equipped with a capping head, thereby avoiding, or at least reducing, splashing of the liquid when being moved. 
     Thus, the whole process gets simplified and much faster than in the prior art. Fast capping is therefore achieved, thereby making it possible to obtain the advantages set forth above in relation to the method. 
     According to a possible feature, the capping head has a traversing hole that is centered about an axis of alignment along which the injection head and the mould are aligned, said traversing hole enabling injection of the liquid into the opening of the container from the injection head. 
     Thus, the traversing hole of the capping head is arranged between the injection head and the mould and, more particularly, is facing both the outlet of the injection head through which liquid exits and the dispensing opening of the container. 
     It is to be noted that the axis of alignment also passes by the dispensing opening of the container, in the middle thereof. 
     According to one possible feature, the capping head is mounted on the injection head. 
     This provides a simple arrangement of the capping head between the injection head and the mould. 
     More particularly, the capping head is mounted under the injection head. 
     According to a more specific possible feature, the capping head is rotatably mounted relative to the injection head. 
     This mounting is particularly convenient for a subsequent step during which a cap will be screwed around the neck of the dispensing opening. 
     However, other kind of capping operations may be envisaged which do not require a rotating capping head. 
     Thus, other capping techniques may be envisaged such as screw capping, press-on capping, sealing capping (with aluminum foil), and ultrasonic sealing capping. 
     According to another possible feature, the apparatus comprises driving means for driving the capping head in rotation around an axis of rotation that coincides with the axis of alignment of the injection head and the mould. 
     Thus, the apparatus comprises appropriate means for driving a capping head in rotation with a view to fixing a cap on the dispensing opening of the container. 
     Such driving means can be permanently integrated in the apparatus, which, therefore, does not necessitate bringing them close to the capping head when needed. 
     More particularly, said driving means may be laterally offset relative to the axis of rotation. 
     This arrangement makes it possible to accommodate said driving means in the apparatus in a permanent manner (the driving means are located in a position which does not hinder the longitudinal movement of the injection head), while the capping head is permanently disposed between the injection head and the mould. 
     Thus, the laterally offset driving means enable driving in rotation of the capping head for capping purpose without changing the position of the capping head and the driving means after the container has been blown and filled. 
     According to one possible feature, said driving means are coupled to the periphery of the capping head, e.g. through a mesh engagement. 
     According to another possible feature, said driving means are activated while the container is maintained within the mould in a fixed position. 
     This feature is advantageous in that the mould enclosing the blown and filled container remains at the same location as that occupied during the blowing and filling process and still keeps the container in place. 
     Splashing of the liquid in the container is therefore avoided. 
     According to another possible feature, said driving means comprise a brushless motor. 
     These kinds of driving means enable accurate control of the screwing torque during the screwing operation of a cap around the threaded neck of the dispensing opening. 
     Alternatively, another kind of motor may be envisaged together with a magnetic coupling. 
     It is to be noted that the mould maintaining the container in position during the capping operation is used as an anti-rotating means. 
     According to another possible feature, the capping head has receiving means for receiving a cap to be fixed on the opening of the container and holding means for holding said cap within said receiving means. 
     According to another possible feature, said receiving means comprise the traversing hole. 
     Thus, the cap is received within the traversing hole and may be tightly fitted therein thanks to appropriate sizing of the internal dimensions of the traversing hole and external dimensions of the cap. 
     According to a possible feature, said holding means are arranged around the traversing hole. 
     Such holding means may be, e.g. the internal walls of the traversing hole and/or elastic means provided therein. 
     According to another possible feature, said stretching means comprise a stretch rod. 
     In a conventional manner, such stretching means are used during the stretching phase for stretching the preform within the mould. 
     According to another possible feature, the apparatus comprises actuation means for causing the stretch rod to move downwardly towards the receiving means in which a cap may be blocked. 
     The stretch rod has a dual purpose since it both participates in stretching the preform within the mould during the blowing and filling process and releasing a cap which has been blocked within the receiving means of the capping head. 
     According to another possible feature, the injection head is mobile in a translational movement. This movement is performed along the longitudinal axis of alignment of the injection head and the mould. 
     According to another possible feature, the injection head and the capping head are mobile together in a translational movement so as to bring the capping head against the mould or move it away therefrom. 
     Such a translational movement makes it possible for the capping head to come into contact with the mould around the dispensing opening of the container. For instance, this may occur during the blowing and filling process. Such a movement makes it possible for the capping head to move away from the mould, e.g. when a cap has to be provided to the capping head. 
     According to another possible feature, the apparatus comprises: 
     bringing means for bringing a cap to be fixed on the opening of the container between the capping head and the mould after the capping head has been moved away from the mould, and 
     positioning means for positioning said cap within the receiving means of the capping head. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Embodiments of the present invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying figures in which: 
         FIG. 1  is a schematic view of an apparatus for simultaneously blowing and filling containers according to an embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 2  is a schematic enlarged partial view of the injection head and mould represented in  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 3A  represents a blown and liquid-field container  22  within mould  12 ; 
         FIG. 3B  represents container  22  out of its mould; 
         FIG. 3C  represents container  22  at a capping station; 
         FIG. 3D  is a partial view of supporting means for supporting container  22  at the capping station; 
         FIG. 4  illustrates the resistance to top load of three different bottles of water; 
         FIG. 5  is a schematic and overall view of an apparatus according to another embodiment of the invention; 
         FIGS. 6A-D  are successive schematic views illustrating the different operations for bringing and positioning a cap on the capping head and fixing it on the dispensing opening of the container. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
       FIG. 1  schematically represents an apparatus  10  in which is implemented a method for simultaneously blowing and filling containers, such as bottles, from preforms according to an embodiment of the invention. It is to be noted that the invention is not limited to such an apparatus. 
     These preforms may be made of thermoplastic polymer. 
     Apparatus  10  comprises a blowing mould  12  for enclosing a preform. Such a preform is first manufactured through a moulding process and then heated before being positioned within mould  12  as disclosed in Applicant&#39;s patent EP 1 529 620 B1. 
     The preform usually assumes the shape of a cylindrical tube closed at its bottom end and open at its opposite end. 
     Mould  12  is for example a two-part mould of which the two parts or side halves  12   a ,  12   b  define an inner cavity  14  when assembled together. 
     Firstly, the two side halves are spaced apart from each other under the action of moving means (not represented in the drawing) for inserting a preform  16  therebetween. 
     The moving means may be piston devices for example. 
     Next the two side halves  12   a  and  12   b  are moved back toward each other so as to come into contact along a joint plane. 
     As represented in  FIG. 1 , preform  16  is inserted into cavity  14  before the beginning of a blowing and filling method according to the invention. 
     Once the preform has been positioned within mould  12  only the open end of the preform is visible from above the mould. 
     The shape of the cavity corresponds to the shape of the achieved container and it will be wholly occupied by the formed container at the end of the blowing and filling method. 
     It is to be noted that mould  12  may alternatively be composed of more than two parts depending on the manufacturing process. 
     For instance, a third part (base or bottom part) may be added at the bottom of the mould so as to define at least a part of the inner cavity bottom. 
     Apparatus  10  further comprises a liquid injection circuit  18  and injection means for injecting a liquid into preform  16 . 
     Injection means comprise an injection head  20  which comes into a sealing contact (for liquid tightness purpose) with mould  12  and preform  16 . 
       FIG. 2  is a schematic enlarged partial view of injection head  20  disposed above mould  12 . 
     Mould  12  encloses a blown and filled container  22  (here, for example, a bottle filled with water) that has been obtained from preform  16  through the blowing and filling method that will be described subsequently. 
     The injection head comprises an injection valve device  24  that includes an injection nozzle  28  mounted within an inner housing  26 . 
     Injection head  20  is substantially cylindrical in shape as partially illustrated in  FIG. 2  and inner housing  26  is also cylindrical in shape and both are coaxial. 
     Injection valve device  24 , and more particularly injection nozzle  28 , is movable along a longitudinal axis A between an injection position (open position) allowing liquid to be injected into the preform and a rest position (closed position) in which the injection nozzle  28  rests against an inner surface  26   a  of the injection head in a sealing engagement so as to prevent any flow of liquid from the injection head into the preform. 
     Longitudinal axis A is here the vertical axis along which injection head  20  and mould  12  are substantially aligned. 
     Axis A is a symmetry axis to container  22  as well as to preform  16 . 
     As represented in  FIG. 2 , injection nozzle  28  is in the closed position (lower position) which is occupied when the container has been blown and filled at the end of the manufacturing method. 
     In the open position injection nozzle  28  is in an upper position at a distance from the inner surface  26   a . This upper position is not represented in the drawing for the sake of clarity but it is located above a transverse channel  30  (represented in dotted lines) that is provided in a peripheral wall  32  of injection head  20 . 
     This feed channel is connected to liquid injection circuit  18 . 
     Moving the injection nozzle  28  away from inner surface  26   a  and above channel  30  makes it possible for the liquid that is in the circuit  18  to flow from channel  30  to the preform (in  FIG. 2  the preform  16  of  FIG. 1  is replaced with the formed container  22 ). 
     Apparatus  10  also comprises stretching means  38  for stretching preform  16  when enclosed within mould  12 . 
     Stretching means comprise a stretch rod  38  which is in a sliding connection with the injection nozzle  28  as partially represented in  FIG. 2 . 
     For example, stretch rod  38  is in alignment with axis A and traverse injection nozzle  28  in a fluid-tight manner. 
     The stretch rod  38  of  FIG. 1  embodiment is actuated upon command to be inserted downwardly into preform  16  so as to stretch the latter while a filling liquid is injected thereinto with a view to causing expansion of said preform within the mould. 
     Actuating means for actuating stretch rod  38  have not been represented for the sake of clarity. 
     In  FIG. 2  stretch rod  38  is in a retracted position after being used. 
     Apparatus  10  comprises a valve device  40  that enables flowing of liquid through circuit  18  when opened and prevents liquid from flowing through the valve device and downstream thereof when closed. 
     Valve device  40  is actuated upon command. 
     Liquid to be injected into the preform, e.g. water, is supplied from a source of liquid S which feeds said liquid to a pump device  42  of system  10 . 
     Pump device  42  is located upstream of valve device  40 . 
     Such a pump device is suitable for delivering a constant pressure, e.g. between 3 and 7 bars. 
     Pump device  42  is suitable for providing a predetermined volume of liquid and pushing it through liquid injection circuit  18 . 
     As further represented in  FIG. 1 , a flow valve  44  is mounted in parallel of pump device  42  as a safety valve. 
     This valve acts as a discharge valve in order to protect the pump device, for instance when the liquid pressure is building up or if there is no container being manufactured. 
     Apparatus  10  comprises a duct  46  that is connected to pump device  42  at one end and to injection head  20  at the opposite end. Valve device  40  is mounted onto duct  46 . It is to be noted that duct  46  is part of liquid injection circuit  18 . 
     Apparatus  10  also comprises temperature controlling means  48  for controlling the temperature of mould  12  in the course of performance of the method. Means  48  may be part of a processing device  50  (e.g. a computer) or distinct thereform. Processing device  50  performs the execution of the different steps or operations of the method and, for example, controls the actuation of the different elements of the apparatus (pump device, valves, stretch rod, etc . . . ). 
     In the course of performance of the blowing and filling method according to an embodiment of the invention, the stretch rod  38  is actuated during a stretching phase whereas valve device  40  is in a closed position, thereby preventing liquid from being injected into preform  16 . 
     Stretch rod  38  is downwardly engaged into the open end of the preform  16  so as to come into contact with the closed bottom end thereof. The stretch rod is then further actuated to push the closed end downwardly and stretch the preform accordingly in a controlled manner. 
     After a predetermined period of time has elapsed following the start of the stretching phase, the injection phase starts for injecting the liquid into the preform both for forming the container and filling it. 
     The temperature of the mould is less strictly controlled than in the prior art since shrinkage of the container is allowed to some extent. By way of example, in a conventional process, approximately 4,500 kJ need to be evacuated per mould and per hour. 
     The invention makes it possible to reduce this value. 
     The injection phase starts with the opening of valve device  40  and operation of pump device  42 . Actuation of valve device  40  is controlled through processing means  50 . 
     Also injection nozzle  28  is actuated to be raised in its upper position (open position) under the control of processing means  50 . 
     Pump device  42  is operated in a controlled manner so that liquid is pushed or displaced through liquid injection circuit  18  and injection head  20  to preform  16  (for being injected thereinto) in accordance with a predetermined injection or filling curve. Liquid is injected into preform  16  while the preform is being stretched so as to cause expansion of said preform within mould  12 . EP 1 529 620 B1 provides further details on an embodiment of a blowing and filling method. 
     In  FIG. 2  only the upper part of a blown and liquid-filled container has been represented at the end of the injection phase. 
     As illustrated, the open end of the preform has been shaped into a dispensing opening  52  that protrudes from above the mould. 
     Opening  52  has a neck  54  with an outside thread and a flange or neck ring  56  that is provided at the basis of the neck. 
     In particular, neck ring  56  rests against a shoulder  58  provided at the upper part of the mould around the container  22 . 
     The blown and filled container  22  assumes the complementary shape to that of the inner walls of the mould illustrated in  FIG. 1 . 
     The blown and liquid-filled container  22  has been wholly represented in  FIG. 3A  inside mould  12 . 
     The method further comprises a step of opening the mould by moving the two mould side halves  12   a  and  12   b  away from each other so as to release container  22  from the mould. 
     Container  22  is next handled by known handling means (not represented in the drawings for the sake of clarity) for being extracted from the mould and moved therefrom. 
       FIG. 3B  illustrates container  22  out of mould  12 . 
     Container  22  is transported to a next station  60  of the apparatus as partially represented in  FIG. 3C . 
     Station  60  comprises a capping head  62  which has holding means  64  for holding a cap  66 . 
     Cap  66  is intended to be fixed onto neck  54  of container  22 . 
     As represented in  FIG. 3C , container  22  is brought into a position located below capping head  62  so that cap  66  is precisely above dispensing opening  52 . 
     Supporting means  68  are provided and arranged around the neck of the container so as to firmly maintain the container in a fixed position during the capping operation. 
     More particularly, supporting means  68  are engaged with neck ring  56  under the latter. 
     For instance, supporting means  68  assume the shape of a rigid plate of which a half has been represented in  FIG. 3D . 
     A central aperture  68   a , e.g. of circular shape, is provided in the plate. 
     The inner dimensions of aperture  68   a  are adapted to those of neck ring  56 . 
     Several anti-rotating means  68   b ,  68   c ,  68   d  are provided on the inner periphery of the aperture. Such means or devices are, for example, spikes. 
     Thus, once the container has been fixed in position thanks to supporting means  68 , capping head  62  is commanded to be lowered and driven into rotation as illustrated by the rotating arrow. This rotational movement of capping head  62  causes cap  66  to be rotated around neck  54 , thereby tightly screwing cap  66  around the neck of the container. 
     Other capping techniques may alternatively be envisaged for capping container  22 . For example, press-on cap type or ultrasonic sealing techniques may be used. In case of ultrasonic sealing, the neck and the cap may be made together using over-moulding techniques. 
     This capping operation takes place approximately 30 s after the container has been blown and filled with liquid. 
     This quick capping operation enables building up a slight pressure inside the container. The thus capped container has therefore an increased mechanical strength and resistance to loading, in particular to top loading. 
     A plurality of so reinforced containers may be positioned upon each other in layers. 
     Thus assembled they form a stack that is resistant to loads applied from the top and the sides. 
     Thanks to this mechanical reinforcement the containers may be piled up and transported on pallets while avoiding, or at least dramatically reducing, the risks for a pile or an assembly of containers to tilt or collapse. 
       FIG. 4  shows three curves a, b, and c illustrating the mechanical resistance to top load of three different bottles filled with water. 
     The graph represents for each curve the vertical force exerted on the bottle (expressed in kgf) as a function of the vertical deflection of the bottle (expressed in mm). 
     Curve a has been obtained through a conventional blowing method applied to a preform weighing 18 g and having a length of 86 mm. The blown bottle has been capped several hours after having been blown. 
     Curve b has been obtained through a stretch-blow moulding and filling method applied to the same preform as for a curve a. 
     Curve c has been obtained through a stretch-blow moulding and filling method applied to a preform weighing 14.5 g and having a length of 78 mm. 
     The bottle corresponding to curve c has been capped in accordance with the invention whereas, i.e. rapidly, the bottle corresponding to curve b has been capped much later, e.g. several hours after the obtaining (forming and filling) of the bottle. 
     The comparison between curves a and b shows that the performance in terms of resistance to top load are similar for the same weight but with different manufacturing processes. 
     Curve c shows that when capping the bottle takes place rapidly after the filling the performance of the bottle in terms of resistance to top load is increased. This is because an increase in pressure has been formed within the upper part of the capped bottle. 
     For instance, the bottle of curve c undergoes a deflection of 5 mm under an external vertical force of almost 35 kgf whereas the same deflection is obtained with the bottles of curves a and b for a force less than 30 kgf. 
     Also, this performance is obtained for the bottle of curve c with a lighter bottle since it has been manufactured with approximately 4 g of PET missing. 
     Thus thanks to the invention lightweight containers with an increased resistance to top load may be manufactured. 
       FIG. 5  illustrates a schematic and partial view of the main components of an apparatus  100  for simultaneously blowing and filling a plastic container from a preform according to another embodiment of the invention. This embodiment makes it possible to implement the method according to the invention which enables capping of the blown and filled container within a short period of time. 
     For example, the container may be capped within 2 seconds after being blown and filled. 
     As represented in  FIG. 5 , the container is a bottle  120  which has been filled with a liquid. 
     Apparatus  100  comprises a mould  140  enclosing bottle  120  in the position of  FIG. 5 . 
     Also, apparatus  100  comprises an injection head  160  through which the liquid has been injected into the bottle during its shaping. 
     Apparatus  100  also comprises stretching means which, here, comprise a stretch rod as represented in  FIGS. 1 and 2 . 
     Apparatus  100  further comprises a capping head  180  that is rotatably mounted relative to injection head  160 . 
     As represented in dotted lines, capping head  180  has a traversing hole  200  that is centered about a longitudinal axis A. 
     Axis A is an axis of alignment along which injection head  160  and mould  140  are aligned in the manufacturing configuration of  FIG. 5 . 
     Traversing hole  200  has two opposite sides  200   a  and  200   b . Side  200   a  faces injection head  160  while opposite side  200   b  faces mould  140  and, more particularly, the dispensing opening  220  of container  120 . 
     Although not represented in the drawings, injection head  160  has an inlet (as inlet channel  30  in  FIG. 2 ) through which liquid flows before entering into traversing hole  200  and dispensing opening  220  when capping head  180  rests against mould  140  and traversing hole  200  surrounds dispensing opening  220 . 
     This position is not illustrated in the drawings and represents the position in which the container is simultaneously blown and filled. 
     Furthermore, apparatus  100  comprises driving means  240  for driving capping head  180  in rotation around an axis of rotation that coincides with longitudinal axis of alignment A. 
     As represented in  FIG. 5 , driving means  240  are laterally offset relative to axis A and are coupled to the periphery of capping head  180 . 
     More particularly, driving means comprise a gear  260  which cooperates with a gear  280  provided at the periphery of capping head  180 . 
     These gears may be in a mesh engagement and, for instance, may be toothed gears. 
     Gear  260  is for instance mounted on the output shaft  300  of a motor  240 . 
     Motor  240  is for example a brushless motor. 
     This motor makes it possible to accurately control the force transmitted to capping head  180  and therefore to the cap during the screwing process that will be described subsequently. 
       FIG. 5  shows a manufactured container  120  (bottle) after it has been simultaneously blown and filled (e.g. water) with a liquid through a conventional method such as described in the Applicant&#39;s patent application EP 1 529 620 and reminded of in the description made with reference to  FIGS. 1 to 3A -D. 
     Once the container has been blown and filled according to the above-described method, a cap has to be fixed to the dispensing opening  220  of the container. 
     In this respect, injection head  160  and capping head  180  which are mobile together in a translational movement along axis A are caused to be raised along axis A so as to leave free sufficient space between capping head  180  and dispensing opening  220 . 
     It is to be noted that the connection between injection head  160  and capping head  180  is a rotatable connection comprising needle bearings. 
     Such a rotatable connection is known to the skilled person. 
     It is to be noted that dispensing opening  220  has a neck  320  with an outside thread  340  and a flange  360  that is provided at the basis of the neck. Flange  360  is positioned within a recess provided in the upper part of mould  140 . 
       FIGS. 6A to 6D  illustrate successive views showing the capping process of the container. 
       FIG. 6A  is a schematic and simplified view representing container  120  maintained within mould  140  and capping head  180  away from mould  140  and neck  320 . Injection head  160  has not been represented for the sake of clarity. 
     Apparatus  100  comprises bringing means  380  for bringing a cap  400  to be fixed on dispensing opening  220 . Bringing means  380  have been moved from a rest position (not represented) to an active position located between capping head  18  and dispensing opening  220 . 
     Bringing means  380  may assume the shape of a cap distributing plate provided, for instance, with a slight recess on the upper surface thereof for positioning and maintaining in a fixed position cap  400  on the plate. 
     This plate may be a rotating plate comprising several caps at its periphery or an elongated plate which carries only one cap at one end and is elongated along an axis that is perpendicular to axis A. 
     Thus cap  400  has been brought between capping head  180  and neck  320  and positioned below traversing hole  200  vis-à-vis side  20   b  thereof. Injection head  160  and attached capping head  180  are actuated to be lowered towards bringing means  380  and cap  400 . 
     As represented in  FIG. 6B , capping head  180  is moved downwardly towards neck  320  and cap  400  is forcibly engaged within traversing hole  200  as capping head  180  is actuated downwardly. 
     The inner dimensions of the traversing hole  200  (inner diameter) and the outer dimensions of cap  400  (outside diameter) are adjusted so that cap  400  can be introduced in force within traversing hole  200  and remain in place as represented in  FIG. 6C . 
     It is to be noted that cap  400  is partly engaged within hole  200 . 
     Cap  400  is kept in position within receiving means of capping head (inner whole of traversing hole  200 ) thanks to friction forces. Cap  400  is tight fitted within filled said receiving means. 
     The degree of introduction of cap  400  into traversing hole  200  depends on the respective dimensions of the cap and the hole. The more the respective dimensions correspond to each other, the less cap  400  is introduced into traversing hole  200 . 
     In the present embodiment, cap  400  has been positioned within the receiving means of the capping head  180  only by virtue of the translational movement of the injection head and capping head. 
     This is a very convenient means for rapidly putting in place the cap within the capping head which does not require any other device. Moreover, bringing means  380  may be simplified since they do not need to be movable along vertical axis A. 
     However, other positioning means may be envisaged for positioning the cap within the receiving means of capping head  180 . 
     Other bringing means for bringing cap  400  between capping head  180  and the dispensing opening of the container may be alternatively envisaged. 
     Reverting to  FIG. 6C , once cap  400  has been appropriately positioned within traversing hole  200  bringing means  380  are withdrawn as indicated by the arrow. 
     Next, capping head  180  equipped with cap  400  is driven into a downwardly translational movement along axis A thanks to the accordingly actuated injection head  160  so as to place cap  400  around neck  320 . 
     As represented in  FIG. 6D , driving means  240  are activated in order to drive into rotation capping head  180  such as already described above. 
     Capping head is therefore driven into rotation around axis A. This rotational movement of capping head  180  causes cap  400  to be driven into rotation around neck  320 , thereby tightly screwing cap  400  around the neck of the container. 
     Other capping techniques may be alternatively envisaged for capping container  120 . For instance, press-on cap type or ultrasonic sealing techniques may be used. In case of ultrasonic sealing, the neck and the cap may be made together using over-moulding techniques. 
     It will be appreciated that the apparatus which has been described is of a particularly simple construction and has movable parts or components which are capable of moving only according to fewer and simple movements (translation and rotation). 
     Also, the capping head is either driven into a translational movement along longitudinal axis A (for example vertical axis) during the blowing, filling and capping process or driven into rotation during the last step of the capping process ( FIG. 6D ).