Abstract:
Forms data is reusable in a first webpage after a user goes to a second webpage, and then returns to the first webpage. After providing access to a first webpage via a portal User Interface (UI) on a display on a client computer, a data entry input of forms data for the first webpage is received from a user of the client computer. The user is then provided access to a second webpage via the portal UI. In response to providing access to the second webpage, the server stores the forms data. In response to the user inputting a request to return to the first webpage from the second webpage, the server creates a populated first webpage by populating the first webpage with the multiple forms data that is stored in the server, and then returns the populated first webpage to the portal UI.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The present disclosure relates to the field of computers, and specifically to software. Still more specifically, the present disclosure relates to persisting web forms data in a composite web application environment such as portals. 
     A web portal is a gateway for several internal applications from the World Wide Web. The web portal presents a user with a primary starting point for accessing websites that have been identified by the portal designer as having some type of relationship to one another, such as having a common topic, common users, etc. Construction of a portal is accomplished through the use of portlets, which are pluggable User Interface (UI) components that are managed and displayed in the portal. That is, portlets are markable code snippets that produce fragments of markup code, which are then aggregated to build the portal. When executed, the portal contains multiple non-overlapping portlet windows that were created by the portlets. 
     BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     As described herein, a novel method reuses forms data in a first webpage, after a user goes to a second webpage, and then returns to the first webpage. After providing access to a first webpage via a portal User Interface (UI) on a display on a client computer, a data entry input of forms data for the first webpage is received from a user of the client computer. The user is then provided access to a second webpage via the portal UI. As the server provides access to the second webpage, the server also stores the forms data. In response to the user inputting a request to return to the first webpage, the server creates a populated first webpage by populating the first webpage with the forms data that is stored in the server, and then returns the populated first webpage to the portal UI. 
     The above as well as additional objectives, features, and advantages of the present invention will become apparent in the following detailed written description. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The invention itself, as well as a preferred mode of use, further objects, and advantages thereof, will best be understood by reference to the following detailed description of an illustrative embodiment when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein: 
         FIG. 1  depicts an exemplary computer in which the present invention may be implemented; and 
         FIG. 2  illustrates a control flow for persisting forms data in a portlet. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, the present invention may be embodied as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment (including firmware, resident software, micro-code, etc.) or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects that may all generally be referred to herein as a “circuit,” “module” or “system.” Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product on a computer-usable storage medium having computer-usable program code embodied in the medium. 
     Any suitable computer usable or computer readable medium may be utilized. The computer-usable or computer-readable medium may be, for example but not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, device, or propagation medium. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of the computer-readable medium would include the following: an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a transmission media such as those supporting the Internet or an intranet, or a magnetic storage device. Note that the computer-usable or computer-readable medium could even be paper or another suitable medium upon which the program is printed, as the program can be electronically captured, via, for instance, optical scanning of the paper or other medium, then compiled, interpreted, or otherwise processed in a suitable manner, if necessary, and then stored in a computer memory. In the context of this document, a computer-usable or computer-readable medium may be any medium that can contain, store, communicate, propagate, or transport the program for use by or in connection with the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The computer-usable medium may include a propagated data signal with the computer-usable program code embodied therewith, either in baseband or as part of a carrier wave. The computer usable program code may be transmitted using any appropriate medium, including but not limited to the Internet, wireline, optical fiber cable, RF, etc. 
     Computer program code for carrying out operations of the present invention may be written in an object oriented programming language such as Java, Smalltalk, C++ or the like. However, the computer program code for carrying out operations of the present invention may also be written in conventional procedural programming languages, such as the “C” programming language or similar programming languages. The program code may execute entirely on the user&#39;s computer, partly on the user&#39;s computer, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the user&#39;s computer and partly on a remote computer or entirely on the remote computer or server. In the latter scenario, the remote computer may be connected to the user&#39;s computer through a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or the connection may be made to an external computer (for example, through the Internet using an Internet Service Provider). 
     The present invention is described below with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems) and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks. 
     These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function/act specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks. 
     The computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks. 
     Before describing details of the present new and useful invention, consider the following. 
     Portals are the new desktops that organizations are embracing in today&#39;s market. Fat client applications are replaced through web browser based applications, where each browser window view represents several such composite applications. One of the challenges in composite web application/portlet development is dealing with data persistence. Unless data persistence is designed into the underlying application, information entered into a portlet on one page is lost when the user navigates to a new page. This is especially problematic in transactional portal applications such as those found in call centers, as well as in travel and financial industries. The present invention, as described below in detail, demonstrates transparently persisting forms data while the user switches between portal pages. 
     Consider the following example. 
     Amy is the call center agent at a car rental company. She handles customer calls for all the roadside emergencies. She performs her job by logging customer calls into a company&#39;s agent web portal. Amy accesses several internal systems such as host system for car information, web application for car rental and customer data, map quest for maps, and other car tire and maintenance systems all integrated on the web portal. 
     Aron is a customer having trouble with his car, stuck in the middle of the road. He makes a call for roadside emergency assistance. Amy receives the call and starts collecting the information from Aron. 
     Amy opens up a screen on the web portal to enter the information given by Aron. She then keeps adding information that she needs to access other applications for car and customer related data. Before she accesses the other applications, she needs to store the data already entered on the initial screen or it will be lost when she switches to other screens. This involves server round trips and frequent storage. Moreover, data entered may be incomplete and might fail to store due to data validations. This problem leads Amy to ask repeated questions of Aron which adds to his frustration and results in overall customer dissatisfaction. This poses a significant problem to all the application centric composite application environments such as portals. 
     Due to the nature of portals and the way they are developed with single “sign-on” features, in which a user logs in once to the portal and can access all the backend applications from the same browser window session, opening multiple browser window sessions for each of the applications is not helpful. 
     One can apply this example to the scenarios below: 
     Call Center Application: Most of the call center applications will have a main screen to create a customer case. Users can enter data and switch to any page without losing data. 
     Form Centric Applications: Any web application, which needs to switch between different forms before completion without bothering the user to store the data. 
     Other application environments where this invention can be used are stock brokerage systems, customer support systems, travel agency systems etc. 
     With reference now to  FIG. 1 , there is depicted a block diagram of an exemplary client-side computer  100 , with which the present invention may be utilized. Computer  100  includes a processor unit  104  that is coupled to a system bus  106 . A video adapter  108 , which drives/supports a display  110 , is also coupled to system bus  106 . System bus  106  is coupled via a bus bridge  112  to an Input/Output (I/O) bus  114 . An I/O interface  116  is coupled to I/O bus  114 . I/O interface  116  affords communication with various I/O devices, including a keyboard  118 , a mouse  120 , a Compact Disk-Read Only Memory (CD-ROM) drive  122 , and a flash memory drive  126 . The format of the ports connected to I/O interface  116  may be any known to those skilled in the art of computer architecture, including but not limited to Universal Serial Bus (USB) ports. 
     Computer  100  is able to communicate with a server  150  via a network  128  using a network interface  130 , which is coupled to system bus  106 . Network  128  may be an external network such as the Internet, or an internal network such as an Ethernet or a Virtual Private Network (VPN). Server  150  may be architecturally configured in the manner depicted for computer  100 . 
     A hard drive interface  132  is also coupled to system bus  106 . Hard drive interface  132  interfaces with a hard drive  134 . In one embodiment, hard drive  134  populates a system memory  136 , which is also coupled to system bus  106 . System memory  136  is defined as a lowest level of volatile memory in computer  100 . This volatile memory may include additional higher levels of volatile memory (not shown), including, but not limited to, cache memory, registers, and buffers. Code that populates system memory  136  includes an operating system (OS)  138  and application programs  144 . 
     OS  138  includes a shell  140 , for providing transparent user access to resources such as application programs  144 . Generally, shell  140  (as it is called in UNIX®) is a program that provides an interpreter and an interface between the user and the operating system. Shell  140  provides a system prompt, interprets commands entered by keyboard  118 , mouse  120 , or other user input media, and sends the interpreted command(s) to the appropriate lower levels of the operating system (e.g., kernel  142 ) for processing. As depicted, OS  138  also includes kernel  142 , which includes lower levels of functionality for OS  138 . Kernel  142  provides essential services required by other parts of OS  138  and application programs  144 . The services provided by kernel  142  include memory management, process and task management, disk management, and I/O device management. 
     Application programs  144  include a browser  146 . Browser  146  includes program modules and instructions enabling a World Wide Web (WWW) client (i.e., computer  100 ) to send and receive network messages to the Internet. Computer  100  may utilize HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) messaging to enable communication with server  150 . Application programs  144  in system memory  136  also include a Forms Data Management Program (FDMP)  148 . FDMP  148  contains software that, when executed, performs the functions illustrated below in  FIG. 2 . 
     The hardware elements depicted in computer  100  are not intended to be exhaustive, but rather represent and/or highlight certain components that may be utilized to practice the present invention. For instance, computer  100  may include alternate memory storage devices such as magnetic cassettes, Digital Versatile Disks (DVDs), Bernoulli cartridges, and the like. These and other variations are intended to be within the spirit and scope of the present invention. 
     Utilizing Persisted Forms Data 
     With reference now to  FIG. 2 , a control flow shows the steps taken in an exemplary embodiment to utilize persisted forms data when returning to a first webpage from a second webpage. A user  202  initially accesses a first webpage from a portal User Interface (UI)  204 , which is found on a client computer (e.g., computer  100  shown in  FIG. 1 ) via a display (e.g., display  110  shown in  FIG. 1 ). The user enters forms data into a data-entry form in the first webpage, and then accesses a second webpage from the portal UI  204 . This causes an unload event, which dumps the entered forms data into a scripted set of code, shown for exemplary purposes as JavaScript  206 . Contemporaneously, the Uniform Resource Locator (URL) of the second webpage is stored into the JavaScript  206 . The JavaScript  206  then sends this data to a server  208  (e.g., server  150  shown in  FIG. 1 ), along with a request to access the second webpage. The server then returns the second webpage to the client computer&#39;s portal UI  204 , which is presented to the user  202 . The user then inputs a signal to return to the first webpage. This request is sent to the server  208 , along with a request for the forms data that was earlier stored in the server  208 . The server then returns the first webpage, along with the stored forms data that now re-populates the first webpage, back to the user  202 . 
     Note that in a preferred embodiment, the JavaScript  206  also includes information about the name and namespaces of the first webpage. For example, in the portal environment with multiple portlets on a page, there may be different forms having same object names. However, by associating specific forms data with a namespace (as identified by the JavaScript  206 ) for a specific webpage, then when the forms data is returned from the server  208 , the appropriate forms data is used to populate the (correct) first webpage (as described in the example above). 
     Below is an exemplary JavaScript code snippet which captures the new page link the user clicked, then sends the form to store at the server side, and then redirects the control to the new page. 
     
       
         
               
             
           
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 function formSave(formName, act){ 
               
               
                  if(window.document.activeElement != “[object]” 
               
               
                  &amp;&amp; window.document.activeElement != null){ 
               
               
                  // window.document.activeElement returns the name of the object 
               
               
                  clicked, 
               
               
                  // we will be using this to capture the link/page user clicked to 
               
               
                  // navigate after submitting the form. 
               
               
                  if (!stopSubmits) { 
               
               
                  stopSubmits = true; 
               
               
                  // We are using stopSubmits as a Boolean variable to stop the form 
               
               
                  // submission if user is intentionally performing other actions in the 
               
               
                  form. 
               
               
                  var form = document.forms[formName]; 
               
               
                  form.all.tags(“input”).item(“hiddenOperation”).value = act; 
               
               
                  //hiddenOperation is a hidden field used to differentiate different actions 
               
               
                  // at the server side just in case needed. 
               
               
                  form.elements[“url”].value = window.document.activeElement; 
               
               
                  form.submit( ); 
               
               
                  window.location.href = form.elements[“url”].value; 
               
               
                  // above statement redirects to url clicked after form submit. 
               
               
                  } 
               
               
                  } 
               
               
                 } 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Note that it is very convenient to use different windows to access different applications and multi task among application functions. As web applications have replaced fat client applications, organizations have web enabled most of their systems. There are portal frameworks that have provided a desktop like feel with each portlet window representing a different web application. The present invention fills the gap on true desktop representation of portals for multitasking. Using the present invention when a user switches between web pages to access different portlets, the system will transparently store the data and show it again when he returns. 
     The present invention is directed to a method for taking all the forms data, storing it, and then loading the entered data back when the user returns to that page, all without any user intervention. Moreover, the present invention is more suitable for composite application environments such as portals which represent different types of back-end integration since, when a user switches pages, he is navigating across different web applications. 
     Portal frameworks provide certain services and features such as click-to-action, portlet messaging and mashups etc. These features will be very useful when a user has to share data among these applications and to provide integration at the glass. Thus, the present invention is directed to holding data when the user navigates in and out of the application. 
     One way to store and retrieve data (persist) is to use cookies and JavaScript. This option does not require the browser to do a form submit because the execution processes are on the client side. Any of the above-mentioned form storage techniques can be used to achieve this. In a preferred embodiment, the method used leverages simple JavaScript techniques that force the form submit so that the back-end application can take care of persisting the forms data into a session object. In order to transparently submit the form, the HyperText Markup Language (HTML) BODY tag unloads event is used. This HTML BODY tag defined an HTML document&#39;s body, and contains all of the contents of the document, such as text, images, colors, graphics, etc. However, the way portals are developed there is only one HTML BODY tag at the page level; thus, these tags cannot be supplied by each portlet application. Therefore, the unloads event (as shown above in the exemplary HTML pseudocode) is added to the theme&#39;s Default.jsp. 
     In the unload event, the form submit is forced so that the back-end application can read the form elements to persist the forms data. 
     Note that while the present invention has been described through the use of a first and second webpage, the methodology presented herein is applicable to more numerous webpage usage. For example, forms data may be stored from a first webpage, such that this forms data may be utilized after returning from a third, fourth, or Nth webpage. 
     Note further that the flowchart and block diagrams in the Figures illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present invention. In this regard, each block in the flowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portion of code, which comprises one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function(s). It should also be noted that, in some alternative implementations, the functions noted in the block may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved. It will also be noted that each block of the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, can be implemented by special purpose hardware-based systems that perform the specified functions or acts, or combinations of special purpose hardware and computer instructions. 
     The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. 
     The corresponding structures, materials, acts, and equivalents of all means or step plus function elements in the claims below are intended to include any structure, material, or act for performing the function in combination with other claimed elements as specifically claimed. The description of the present invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description, but is not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the invention in the form disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. The embodiment was chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, and to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the invention for various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. 
     Having thus described the invention of the present application in detail and by reference to preferred embodiments thereof, it will be apparent that modifications and variations are possible without departing from the scope of the invention defined in the appended claims.