Abstract:
A computer-implemented method configures an extended virtual machine. A virtual image is executed to initialize a virtual machine. An activation engine is activated to search for special extensions in the virtual image. The virtual machine scans at least one virtual disk for script to implement the special extensions as virtual machine extensions, such that the virtual machine reads and executes the extensions prior to being available for use.

Description:
The present application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/763,521 , filed on Apr. 20, 2010, and titled, “Pluggable Activation Engine Extensions Via Virtual Disks,” which is incorporated herein by reference. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     The present disclosure relates to the field of computers, and specifically to virtual computing devices. Still more particularly, the present disclosure relates to configuring virtual computing devices. 
     SUMMARY 
     A computer-implemented method configures an extended virtual machine. A virtual image is executed to initialize a virtual machine. An activation engine is activated to search for special extensions in the virtual image. The virtual machine scans at least one virtual disk for script to implement the special extensions as virtual machine extensions, such that the virtual machine reads and executes the extensions prior to being available for use. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  depicts an exemplary computer in which the present disclosure may be implemented; 
         FIG. 2  illustrates an exemplary environment in which virtual machines are configured and managed during operation; 
         FIG. 3  depicts an activation engine configuring an extended virtual machine in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure; and 
         FIG. 4  is a high level flow chart of one or more exemplary steps performed by a processor to configure an extended virtual machine. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, the present disclosure may be embodied as a system, method or computer program product. Accordingly, the present disclosure may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment (including firmware, resident software, micro-code, etc.) or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects that may all generally be referred to herein as a “circuit,” “module” or “system.” Furthermore, the present disclosure may take the form of a computer program product embodied in one or more computer-readable medium(s) having computer-readable program code embodied thereon. 
     Any combination of one or more computer-readable medium(s) may be utilized. The computer-readable medium may be a computer-readable signal medium or a computer-readable storage medium. A computer-readable storage medium may be, for example, but not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of the computer-readable storage medium would include the following: an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. In the context of this document, a computer-readable storage medium may be any tangible medium that can contain or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. 
     A computer-readable signal medium may include a propagated data signal with computer-readable program code embodied therein, for example, in baseband or as part of a carrier wave. Such a propagated signal may take any of a variety of forms, including, but not limited to, electro-magnetic, optical, or any suitable combination thereof. A computer-readable signal medium may be any computer-readable medium that is not a computer-readable storage medium and that can communicate, propagate, or transport a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. 
     Program code embodied on a computer-readable medium may be transmitted using any appropriate medium, including but not limited to wireless, wireline, optical fiber cable, RF, etc., or any suitable combination of the foregoing. 
     With reference now to the figures, and in particular to  FIG. 1 , there is depicted a block diagram of an exemplary computer  102 , which may be utilized by the present disclosure. Note that some or all of the exemplary architecture, including both depicted hardware and software, shown for and within computer  102  may be utilized by software deploying server  150  and/or user&#39;s computer  152 . 
     Computer  102  includes a processor unit  104  that is coupled to a system bus  106 . Processor unit  104  may utilize one or more processors, each of which has one or more processor cores. A video adapter  108 , which drives/supports a display  110 , is also coupled to system bus  106 . In one embodiment, a switch  107  couples the video adapter  108  to the system bus  106 . Alternatively, the switch  107  may couple the video adapter  108  to the display  110 . In either embodiment, the switch  107  is a switch, preferably mechanical, that allows the display  110  to be coupled to the system bus  106 , and thus to be functional only upon execution of instructions (e.g., virtual machine configuration and management program—VMCMP  148  described below) that support the processes described herein. 
     System bus  106  is coupled via a bus bridge  112  to an input/output (I/O) bus  114 . An I/O interface  116  is coupled to I/O bus  114 . I/O interface  116  affords communication with various I/O devices, including a keyboard  118 , a mouse  120 , a media tray  122  (which may include storage devices such as CD-ROM drives, multi-media interfaces, etc.), a printer  124 , and (if a VHDL chip  137  is not utilized in a manner described below), external USB port(s)  126 . While the format of the ports connected to I/O interface  116  may be any known to those skilled in the art of computer architecture, in a preferred embodiment some or all of these ports are universal serial bus (USB) ports. 
     As depicted, computer  102  is able to communicate with a software deploying server  150 , user&#39;s computer  152  and/or resources cloud  154  via network  128  using a network interface  130 . Network  128  may be an external network such as the Internet, or an internal network such as an Ethernet or a virtual private network (VPN). 
     A hard drive interface  132  is also coupled to system bus  106 . Hard drive interface  132  interfaces with a hard drive  134 . In a preferred embodiment, hard drive  134  populates a system memory  136 , which is also coupled to system bus  106 . System memory is defined as a lowest level of volatile memory in computer  102 . This volatile memory includes additional higher levels of volatile memory (not shown), including, but not limited to, cache memory, registers and buffers. Data that populates system memory  136  includes computer  102 &#39;s operating system (OS)  138  and application programs  144 . 
     OS  138  includes a shell  140 , for providing transparent user access to resources such as application programs  144 . Generally, shell  140  is a program that provides an interpreter and an interface between the user and the operating system. More specifically, shell  140  executes commands that are entered into a command line user interface or from a file. Thus, shell  140 , also called a command processor, is generally the highest level of the operating system software hierarchy and serves as a command interpreter. The shell provides a system prompt, interprets commands entered by keyboard, mouse, or other user input media, and sends the interpreted command(s) to the appropriate lower levels of the operating system (e.g., a kernel  142 ) for processing. Note that while shell  140  is a text-based, line-oriented user interface, the present disclosure will equally well support other user interface modes, such as graphical, voice, gestural, etc. 
     As depicted, OS  138  also includes kernel  142 , which includes lower levels of functionality for OS  138 , including providing essential services required by other parts of OS  138  and application programs  144 , including memory management, process and task management, disk management, and mouse and keyboard management. 
     Application programs  144  include a renderer, shown in exemplary manner as a browser  146 . Browser  146  includes program modules and instructions enabling a world wide web (WWW) client (i.e., computer  102 ) to send and receive network messages to the Internet using hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) messaging, thus enabling communication with software deploying server  150  and other described computer systems. 
     Application programs  144  in computer  102 &#39;s system memory (as well as software deploying server  150 &#39;s system memory) also include a virtual machine configuration and management program (VMCMP)  148 . VMCMP  148  includes code for implementing the processes described below, including those described in  FIGS. 2-4 . In one embodiment, computer  102  is able to download VMCMP  148  from software deploying server  150 , including in an on-demand basis, such that the code from VMCMP  148  is not downloaded until runtime or otherwise immediately needed by computer  102 . Note further that, in one embodiment of the present disclosure, software deploying server  150  performs all of the functions associated with the present disclosure (including execution of VMCMP  148 ), thus freeing computer  102  from having to use its own internal computing resources to execute VMCMP  148 . 
     Also stored in system memory  136  is a VHDL (VHSIC hardware description language) program  139 . VHDL is an exemplary design-entry language for field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), and other similar electronic devices. In one embodiment, execution of instructions from VMCMP  148  causes VHDL program  139  to configure VHDL chip  137 , which may be an FPGA, ASIC, etc. 
     In another embodiment of the present disclosure, execution of instructions from VMCMP  148  results in a utilization of VHDL program  139  to program a VHDL emulation chip  151 . VHDL emulation chip  151  may incorporate a similar architecture as described herein for VHDL chip  137 . Once VMCMP  148  and VHDL program  139  program VHDL emulation chip  151 , VHDL emulation chip  151  performs, as hardware, some or all functions described by one or more executions of some or all of the instructions found in VMCMP  148 . That is, the VHDL emulation chip  151  is a hardware emulation of some or all of the software instructions found in VMCMP  148 . In one embodiment, VHDL emulation chip  151  is a programmable read only memory (PROM) that, once burned in accordance with instructions from VMCMP  148  and VHDL program  139 , is permanently transformed into a new circuitry that performs the functions needed to perform the process described below in  FIGS. 2-4 . 
     Resources cloud  154  supports cloud computing, in which software and hardware resources are shared. In one embodiment, the virtual disks and/or virtual machines described herein reside within the resources cloud  154 , which is supported by multiple physical machines (not shown). 
     The hardware elements depicted in computer  102  are not intended to be exhaustive, but rather are representative to highlight essential components required by the present disclosure. For instance, computer  102  may include alternate memory storage devices such as magnetic cassettes, digital versatile disks (DVDs), Bernoulli cartridges, and the like. These and other variations are intended to be within the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. 
     With reference now to  FIG. 2 , an exemplary environment in which extended virtual machines (EVMs) are configured and managed during operation in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure is presented. A provisioning system  202 , which may reside on a computer such as computer  102  shown in  FIG. 1 , supervises operations of multiple hypervisors  204   a - n  (where “n” is an integer). Through the use of virtual machine (VM) configuring logic  206  and virtual drives  204   a - m  (where “m” is an integer”), both of which may be part of VMCMP  148  described above, hypervisor  204   a  is able to configure, manage and operate multiple VMs  210   a - x  (where “x” is an integer). Note that hypervisor  204   b  and hypervisor  204   n  have a similar construction as hypervisor  204   a , and are respectively able to configure, manage and operate multiple VMs  212   a - y  (where “y” is an integer) and multiple VMs  214   a - z  (where “z” is an integer). In accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure, when one of the VMs  210   a - x  is extended into an extended VM (as described herein), a complete image of that extended VM need not be transferred to the VM image file  216  in the hypervisor  204   a . Rather, only a main VM image file and tags to extensions need be stored in the VM image file  216 . 
     Note that provisioning system  202 , hypervisors  204   a - n , and/or all VMs shown in  FIG. 2  may reside in computer  102 , resources cloud  154 , and/or be distributed between the computer  102  and resources cloud  154  shown in  FIG. 1 . 
     With reference now to  FIG. 3 , assume that an activation engine  302 , which may reside in any hypervisor depicted in  FIG. 2 , is assigned the duty of implementing an extended virtual machine (EVM). As understood by those skilled in the art of computers, a virtual machine (VM) is a software simulation of a physical computer. Such a VM is able to handle all processes that a physical computer can perform, including storing data, executing instructions, transmitting data across networks, busses, etc. As shown in Step  1  of  FIG. 3 , the activation engine  302  first executes any custom pre-execution scripts found in an extended virtual image file. An extended virtual image file is a set of instructions that provides instructions for configuring an extended virtual machine. The extended virtual machine includes a main virtual machine, as well as virtual machine extensions. Before creating the main virtual machine, however, pre-execution extensions  304  are run. Execution of such pre-execution extensions  304  can result in establishing billing systems used to charge a user (e.g., the user of user computer  152  shown in  FIG. 1 ) that requested the extended virtual machine (EVM). This billing can be based on the length of time that the EVM is operational, the number of transactions executed by the EVM, the specific abilities (e.g., processing power, transmission bandwidth, memory, etc.) of the EVM, etc. In addition, the pre-execution extensions can result in establishing a custom performance monitor that monitors the activities (e.g., through a dashboard) of the EVM. A billing system and/or custom performance monitor are examples of customization that can be incorporated into the EVM, and should not be construed as being a limited listing of such customizations. 
     As describe in Step  2 , a virtual image activation plan  306  can then be executed to configure the main VM, which along with the virtual machine extensions created by pre-execution extensions  304  and post-execution extensions  308  form the EVM. As described in Step  3 , executing the custom post-execution extensions  308  results in additional virtual machine extensions, including security systems (e.g., password protection, encryption, etc.) for the EVM, single sign on (SSO) setup (allowing a single user to sign on to and use multiple EVMs), and the creation of inbound and outbound connections (e.g., virtual ports) to the EVM. Note that pre-execution extensions  304 , virtual image activation plan  306 , post-execution extensions  308 , as well as the main virtual image used to initialize the main virtual machine can be stored in the virtual drives (e.g.,  208   a - m ) located in the hypervisors (e.g.,  204   a ) shown in  FIG. 2 . Note also that calling the extensions, and thus extending the VM, is performed by the main VM, such that the main VM is able to self-extend/customize itself 
     With reference now to  FIG. 4 , a high level flow chart of one or more exemplary steps performed by a processor to configure an extended virtual machine is presented. After initiator block  402 , which may be prompted by a user of user computer  152  shown in  FIG. 1  requesting that an extended virtual machine (EVM) be configured, a main virtual machine is initialized using a main virtual image (block  404 ). This “main virtual machine” can be viewed as a “backbone” of the EVM, which is then extended by the pre and/or post extensions described herein by activating (block  406 ) the activation engine  302  shown in  FIG. 3 . This activation engine  302 , which in one embodiment is part of the main virtual machine, then checks for any special extensions in the main virtual image (query block  408 ). If there are no such special extensions in the main virtual image (VI), then the VM is activated as a non-extended (traditional) VM (block  410 ) and the process ends (terminator block  422 ). However, if there are special extensions in the main VI (query block  408 ), then the base VM scans/searches through multiple virtual disks (block  412 ) to locate script needed to implement the special extensions as virtual machine extensions. Thereafter, the pre-execution scripts are executed (block  414 ), the main VI activation plan is executed to create the main VM (block  416 ), and the post-execution scripts are executed (block  418 ). The script execution described in blocks  414 - 418  results in the complete EVM being configured and deployed. 
     As described in query block  420 , there may be occasions in which one virtual disk must call on another virtual disk for the desired extension. If so, then these “secondary extensions” are called from a second virtual disk by the first virtual disk, such that several extensions can be chained together and executed sequentially (block  412 ). 
     The flowchart and block diagrams in the figures illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. In this regard, each block in the flowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portion of code, which comprises one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function(s). It should also be noted that, in some alternative implementations, the functions noted in the block may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved. It will also be noted that each block of the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, can be implemented by special purpose hardware-based systems that perform the specified functions or acts, or combinations of special purpose hardware and computer instructions. 
     The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the present disclosure. As used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. 
     The corresponding structures, materials, acts, and equivalents of all means or step plus function elements in the claims below are intended to include any structure, material, or act for performing the function in combination with other claimed elements as specifically claimed. The description of various embodiments of the present disclosure has been presented for purposes of illustration and description, but is not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the disclosure in the form disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the disclosure. The embodiment was chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the disclosure and the practical application, and to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the disclosure for various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. 
     Note further that any methods described in the present disclosure may be implemented through the use of a VHDL (VHSIC Hardware Description Language) program and a VHDL chip. VHDL is an exemplary design-entry language for Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), and other similar electronic devices. Thus, any software-implemented method described herein may be emulated by a hardware-based VHDL program, which is then applied to a VHDL chip, such as a FPGA. 
     Having thus described embodiments of the disclosure of the present application in detail and by reference to illustrative embodiments thereof, it will be apparent that modifications and variations are possible without departing from the scope of the disclosure defined in the appended claims.