Abstract:
An improved one-piece plastic container of the champagne base variety having an annular peripheral chime surrounding an inward sloping base portion for containing carbonated beverages and associated methods for making same by blow molding. The preform defining interior and exterior walls which are ever decreasing in diameter from the neck to the base so that the preform may be easily removed from a mating core and injection mold cavity used therewith thereby avoiding the need for a split mold to form the preform. In a blow molding process for producing a one-piece plastic container by expanding an elongated preform containing plastic material for the neck, body and base of the container in a mold, the process for forming a container of the champagne base variety comprising the steps of forming the preform on a core rod with annular thickened portions of the preform positioned at points along the length thereof such that during blowing of the preform the material of the preform will be deposited where desired; positioning the preform within a blow molding cavity defining the finished container shape; extending a stretch rod within the preform towards the bottom of the blow molding cavity, prior to injection of pressurized gas, to longitudinally stretch a sidewall-forming portion of the preform while minimizing stretching of a base-forming portion thereby inducing the base-forming portion to lay down where desired when injected with pressurized gas; and injecting pressurized gas into the preform adjacent the neck whereby the preform is radially stretched outward to fill the cavity and form the container from the neck towards the base.

Description:
This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Pat. No. 1,055,647, filed 5/29/87, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,780,257. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to plastic containers for containing fluids under pressure and the methods of producing same and, more particularly, to a one-piece disposable plastic bottle of the champagne base variety having an annular peripheral chime surrounding an inward sloping base portion for containing carbonated beverages and resisting inversion of the base from internal pressure comprising an integral reinforcing ring incorporated into the base and running horizontally in the hoop direction, the reinforcing ring being placed in a location within the base that has a moment arm trying to invert the base and providing sufficient strength to withstand that moment arm and keep the push up of the inward sloping portion intact, to an improved preform for producing such a container, and to the improvement to the method of a blow molding process for producing such a bottle by expanding an elongated preform containing the plastic material for the neck, body and base of the bottle into a mold comprising the steps of forming the preform with annular thickened portions of the preform positioned along the length thereof such that during blowing of the preform the material of the preform will be deposited so that the inward sloping base portion is of a thickness sufficient to resist self-deformation and create a moment arm thereof around the chime tending to unroll and radially stretch the chime and the chime has an integral reinforcing hoop formed therein for preventing unrolling and radial stretching of the chime sufficient to allow inversion of the inward sloping base portion; positioning the preform within a blow molding cavity defining the finished bottle shape; stretching the preform; and, injecting pressurized gas into the preform adjacent the neck whereby the preform is radially stretched outward to fill the cavity and form the bottle from the neck towards the base. 
     Blow molded plastic bottles have largely replaced the heavier glass bottles previously used for soft drinks, and the like. In a two liter bottle of plastic, the weight of the bottle itself is negligible as opposed to the weight of a glass bottle of similar capacity. The first plastic bottles are generally two piece bottles such as that indicated as 10 in FIG. 1. The bottle 10 comprises the pressure vessel portion 12 and base 14 which permits the bottle 10 to stand upright on shelves, and the like. The pressure vessel portion 12 is typically of a tough, flexible plastic 16 which become resiliently rigid for gripping due to the internal pressure created by the carbon dioxide gas in the soft drink liquid contained therein. The bottom 18 is semi-spherical for the same pressure-containing reasons and, therefore, the separate base 14 is required in order to have the bottle 10 be able to stand by itself. The base 14 is typically of a plastic such as polyethylene and is attached over the bottom 18 of the pressure vessel portion 12 with adhesive. 
     Presently, approximately 75% of the beverage containers produced worldwide are of the above-described two-piece construction. Because of the inert and non-degradable nature of the plastics used in the plastic beverage bottles and their thin-walled construction, there has been much interest recently in having them recycled rather than deposited in landfills along with other trash. With the increased usage of such plastic bottles, their presence in large quantities in landfills presents a genuine compaction problem. Moreover, the cost of the polyethylene terephthalate plastic employed in such bottles makes recycling a practical alternative to disposal. The two piece bottles, such as bottle 10 of FIG. 1, on the other hand, create recycling problems. First, there are the two different kinds of plastics employed. There is no practical and cost effective way of simply and easily separating the pressure vessel portion 12 from the base 14 so that the two plastics can be processed separately. Also, there is the problem of the adhesive used to fasten the two parts together. The adhesive is a contaminant to any recycled plastic materials. 
     As shown in simplified form in FIG. 2, the obvious approach to a plastic bottle intended for the holding of carbonated beverages was one such as that indicated as 10&#39; having a so-called &#34;champagne&#34; base 18&#39; which resists the internal pressure. The only problem using a unitary thickness plastic is that the bottom 18&#39; quite often inverts, as depicted in FIG. 3. In an attempt to avoid that problem, numerous bottle configurations have been proposed incorporating integral pressure-resistant ribs, such as those indicated as 22 in FIG. 4, into the bottom 18&#34; of the bottle 10&#34; depicted therein. In this regard, typical prior art approaches to making pressure resistant plastic bottles can be seen with reference to the following U.S. Pat. Nos.--3,511,401 (Lachner); 3,598,270 (Adomaitis et al.); 3,643,829 (Lachner); 3,720,339 (Khetani); 3,881,621 (Adomaitis); 4,108,324 (Krishnakumar et al.); 4,134,510 (Chang); 4,334,627 (Krishnakumar et al.); 4,403,706 (Mahajan); 4,467,929 (Jakobsen et al.); 4,525,401 (Pocock et al.); 4,249,667 (Pocock et al.); 4,254,882 (Yoshino); and 4,261,948 (Krishnakumar et al.). Another prior art reference, U.S. Pat. No. 4,177,239 (Glittner et al.), relates to a two step blow molding process in which first and second blowing pressures are utilized. 
     As is well known to those skilled in the art, simpler is better when it comes to blow molding a bottle design and while the various rib patterns generally work in preventing bottom inversion, they create a multitude of problems with respect to a consistent and cost effective blow molding process for their production. 
     Another aspect of plastic bottle production by blow molding techniques which is known in the art is the use of varying wall thicknesses at critical points of stress, such as in the neck and capping threads. A good example of such a prior art approach and the apparatus employed therewith can be seen with reference to U.S. Pat. No. 3,137,748 to Makowski. FIGS. 5-7 hereof depict the process and apparatus of Makowski in simplified form. As shown in FIG. 5, a double two-part mold 24 is used to create a preform 26 of the plastic to be used for the bottle. The mold 24 has a neck-producing portion 28 and a bottle-producing portion 30. A hollow core pin 32 is inserted into the assembled mold 24 and the preform 26 mode by injecting the plastic through a sprew hole at 34. The bottle-producing portion 30 of the mold 24 must be a twopart or split mold since the core pin 32 is cylindrical and the preform 26 contains areas of various thickness to provide additional material for various areas of the finished bottle. 
     As shown in FIG. 6, the preform 26 with the core pin 32 therein and the neck-producing portion 28 of the mold 24 in place is removed from the bottle-producing portion 30 following the injection molding procedure and mounted to a blow mold 36 having a bottle-defining cavity 38 therein. As known by those skilled in the art, various considerations relative to the temperature of the preform prior to the actual blow molding step must be accounted for. For purposes of the present discussion, however, they are of no real importance and, therefore, will not be considered. The core pin 32 of Makowski is hollow and contains an integral valve (not shown) at the bottom end thereof. With the preform 26 positioned within the cavity 38 as shown in FIG. 6, the valve is opened and pressurized air 40 injected causing the preform 26 to stretch outward from the bottom up, as indicated by the arrows 42, to fill the cavity 38 and thereby create the final bottle. 
     The Makowski patent is not directed to producing a pressure-resistant bottle. The variations in thickness of the preform 26 are to provide different amounts of material available for stretching to form various parts of the bottles shown therein which are of complex shape, such as those used for dishwashing liquids and the like. There is no need for the accurate placement of integral reinforcement-producing areas. Moreover, the preform design with respect to the cylindrical core pin 32 makes the use of a more costly and complex two-part or split injection mold for the production of the preform a necessity. 
     Wherefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a construction for the bottom or base of a one piece plastic bottle for containing carbonated beverages which is of the champagne type but which resists inversion from internal forces without the necessity of including complex rib structures therein. 
     It is a further object of the present invention to provide a construction for the bottom of base of a one piece plastic bottle for containing carbonated beverages which is of the champagne type and formed by the blow molding of a preform wherein the preform is of a construction which can be produced in a simple one-part injection mold. 
     It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a method for the blow molding of a one piece plastic bottle for containing carbonated beverages which has a bottom or base of the champagne type containing integral reinforcing sections accurately and repeatedly positioned during the blow molding process. 
     Further objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the description contained hereinafter in combination with the accompanying illustrative drawing figures. 
     SUMMARY 
     The foregoing objects have been accomplished in the present invention which includes an improved preform for use in a blow molding process for producing a one-piece plastic container by expanding a hollow preform containing material for the neck, body and base of the container in a mold, the preform defining interior and exterior walls which are ever decreasing in diameter from the neck to the base so that it may be easily removed from a mating core and injection mold cavity used therewith thereby avoiding the need for a split mold to form the preform. 
     An associated improvement of the present invention is directed to a blow molding process for producing a one-piece plastic container by expanding an elongated preform containing plastic material for the neck, body and base of the container in a mold, the process for forming a container of the champagne base variety comprising the steps of forming the preform on a core rod with annular thickened portions of the preform positioned at points along the length thereof such that during blowing of the preform the material of the preform will be deposited where desired. Positioning the preform within a blow molding cavity defining the finished container shape; extending a stretch rod within the preform towards the bottom of the blow molding cavity, prior to injection of pressurized gas, to longitudinally stretch a sidewall-forming portion of the preform while minimizing stretching of a base-forming portion thereby inducing the base-forming portion to lay down where desired when injected with pressurized gas; and injecting pressurized gas into the preform adjacent the neck whereby the preform is radially stretched outward to fill the cavity and form the container from the neck towards the base. 
     A further embodiment includes a generally cylindrical thermoplastic one piece container of the champagne base variety for containing fluids under pressure formed by blow molding from the preform, having a neck, sidewalls and an inwardly sloping base portion having an annular peripheral chime surrounding the base portion, wherein the inwardly sloping base portion has downwardly directed apex means, in a center portion of the base resulting from stretch rod interaction with a corresponding apex means in a blow mold during blow molding process to ensure proper positioning of the base portion. 
     A still further improvement is achieved by forming a downwardly directed apex means, in the bottom center portion of the blow molding cavity, for interacting with the stretch rod during blow molding to center the base forming portion of the container to be formed, wherein the formed container has a downwardly directed apex in the center portion of the base. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 is a simplified partially cutaway drawing of a prior art two piece plastic bottle. 
     FIG. 2 is a simplified cutaway drawing of a prior art one piece plastic bottle having a so-called champagne base. 
     FIG. 3 is a simplified cutaway drawing of the prior art one piece plastic bottle of FIG. 2 showing how the thin champagne base inverts due to the internal pressure created by carbon dioxide gas in carbonated beverages, and the like. 
     FIG. 4 is a simplified partially cutaway drawing of a prior art one piece plastic bottle having strengthening ribs formed into the standing base portion. 
     FIG. 5 is a simplified partially cutaway drawing showing a prior art method and apparatus for making a preform used in blow molding a one piece plastic bottle. 
     FIG. 6 is a simplified partially cutaway drawing showing the prior art method and apparatus for using the preform of FIG. 5 in blow molding a one piece plastic bottle. 
     FIG. 7 is a simplified partially cutaway drawing showing the prior art method and apparatus of FIGS. 5 and 6 in the process of blow molding a one piece plastic bottle from the bottom up. 
     FIG. 8 is an enlarged cutaway drawing of one-half the base portion of a new piece plastic bottle according to the present invention. 
     FIG. 9 is an enlarged partially cutaway drawing showing the base portion of a one piece plastic bottle according to the present invention as in FIG. 8 along with the preform structure which produces it and indicating the manner in which the portions of the preform move to form the self-rigidizing, inversion resistant, champagne base of the present invention. 
     FIGS. 10-12 are simplified partially cutaway drawings showing the method and apparatus for forming a one-piece plastic bottle according to a first embodiment of the present invention. 
     FIGS. 13-15 are simplified partially cutaway drawings showing the method and apparatus for forming a one-piece plastic bottle according to a second embodiment of the present invention. 
     FIG. 16 is a cutaway drawing of the preform and finished bottle of the present invention showing the relative size relationships employed in a 1/2 liter bottle as manufactured by the assignee of this application according to the teachings herein. 
     FIG. 17 is an enlarged partially cutaway drawing showing the base portion of a one piece plastic bottle according to the present invention in an alternate embodiment along with the preform structure which produces it and indicating the manner in which the portions of the preform move to form the self-rigidizing inversion resistant, champagne base of the present invention. 
     FIG. 18 is an embodiment similar to FIG. 17 in which the engagement between the stretch rod and the preform is modified. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     The present invention is directed to a free-standing, one piece plastic bottle, preferrably of PET (polyethylene terephthalate), for carbonated beverages having a champagne bottle type shaped base of controlled thickness to provide an annular chime to provide stable upright standing ability wherein the thickness of the bottom is controlled to provide adequate resistance to internal pressure, that thickness being derived from a varying thickness in the preform. More particularly, the base of the present invention incorporates an integral reinforcing ring that runs horizontally in the hoop direction. The reinforcing ring is placed in a location within the base of the bottle that has a moment arm trying to invert the base and provides sufficient strength to withstand that moment arm and keep the push up of the bottom intact. A principle feature is that the shape of the preform&#39;s interior and exterior walls are ever decreasing in diameter from the neck to the base so that it may be easily removed from a suitable core and injection mold cavity thereby avoiding the need for a split mold as in the Makowski teaching. 
     The stability of the chime radius is critical to the thermal performance of pressurized containers. Any movement of the chime due to the downward pressure exerted by the product pressure on the base (referred to as &#34;creep&#34;) at ambient or elevated temperatures typically results in excessive container lean (perpendicularly), height increase, and fill level drop. The resistance to movement of the contact radius (chime) at a given temperature and pressure is a function of the chime radius itself, the wall thickness at the chime, and the total base contact diameter (which defines total base force at a given product pressure). In prior art one-piece bottles such as that shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 produced by blow molding, due to the combined axial/hoop preform wall reduction during stretch blow molding, the chime thickness of the base is typically only 15-20% of the original preform wall and as such, inadequate for thermal/pressure stability except when the chime radius is very sharp and/or the contact diameter is small. The sharp chime radius results in lower impact performance and susceptibility to environmental stress crack failure. In addition, there are limits to the radius that can be formed with plastic, specifically PET. The small contact diameter limits use of this basic base type to carbonated beverage applications (four volumes or more) up to 350 ml (i.e. 10-12 oz.). 
     Base construction for a bottle according to the present invention is shown in detailed cross-section in FIG. 8. As can be seen therein, the sidewalls 16 are of typical construction and thickness. Moreover, the shape of the base is also typical, meaning that the basic blow molds therefor can be retained. The outside radius of the chime 20 is also substantially the same as usual. As can be appreciated from the cross-sectional view of FIG. 8, however, the thickness of the chime 20 is such as to create an internal/integral reinforcing hoop 44 connected to a thickened base portion 46 extending between the reinforcing hoop 44 and the center of the base 14&#39;. Pressure, as indicated by the arrow 48, pushes on the thickened base portion 46 which, because of its increased thickness, resists self-deformation and acts as a moment arm on the chime 20 trying to unroll it and stretch it radially outward in order to allow the base 14&#39; to invert. Because of the integral reinforcing hoop 44, however, the chime 20 resist both the tendency to unroll and stretch radially outward. As a result, inversion is prevented. 
     While the above-described novel base construction of the present invention meets its objective of preventing base inversion from internal pressure in a simple and uncomplex manner, achieving the total objective of the present invention necessitates a corresponding cost effective method and apparatus for commercially producing bottles incorporating that base. Those methods and apparatus according to the present invention is preferred and alternate embodiments will now be described in detail. 
     To achieve accurate and repeatable placement of reinforcement quantities of plastic from a preform during blow molding and use of a simplified preform molding process as part thereof, the present invention deviates from the teachings of Makowski in several major ways. First, the preform and core rod employed in the present invention are such that the shape of the preform&#39;s interior and exterior walls are ever decreasing in diameter from the neck to the base so that it may be easily removed from the core and the injection mold cavity, thereby avoiding the need for a split mold. Second, when blowing the preform, it is done from the top down rather than the bottom up. Finally, in the preferred embodiment, the preform is axially stretched in the sidewall-producing area prior to blowing so as to assure less distortion and more accurate placement of the base-producing portion thereof. 
     FIG. 9 shows in detail one embodiment of a stretch rod 50 inserted into a preform 26&#39; as employed in the present invention. While the from the single piece injection mold and associated core rod which can be employed to produce the preform 26&#39; is not shown, those skilled in the art will readily recognize the requirements thereof from the shape of the preform 26&#39; itself. The preform 26&#39; is composed of two parts--a sidewall-producing portion, generally indicated as 52, and a base-producing portion, generally indicated as 54. The sidewall-producing portion 52 is of substantially constant thickness as to produce the constant thickness sidewall 16 of the finished bottle. To achieve this with the ability to be removed from a single piece mold, the exterior surface 56 of the preform 26&#39; in the sidewall-producing portion 52 tapers inward slightly from the top to the bottom as does the exterior surface 58 of the core rod used to produce it (not shown) in the same area. As indicated by the dashed arrows 60, the base-producing portion 54 of the preform 26&#39; includes thickened area 62 which ultimately forms the reinforcing hoop 44. Again, to achieve this with the ability to be removed from a single piece mold, in one possible embodiment, the exterior surface 64 of the preform 26&#39; in the base-producing portion 54 tapers inward more radically from the top to the bottom while the exterior surface 66 of the core rod use to produce it (not shown) in the same area tapers only slightly while being of significantly smaller diameter. Finally, at the point where the sidewall-producing portion 52 meets the base-producing portion 54, the preform 26&#39; contains an annular nub 67 which is engaged by a matching annular goove 69 in the end of the stretch rod 50. The purpose thereof will be described in detail shortly. For the present, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the shape and placement of the annular nub 67 is such as to allow it to be produced in a one piece mold. In order to be inserted into the preform 26&#39; following the molding thereof, except at the point of the nub 67, the outside diameter of the stretch rod 50 at each point along the length thereof must be slightly less than the inside diameter of the preform 26&#39; at the corresponding point and, therefore, there is a slight gap between the two in most places except at the point of contact with the nub 67. 
     Turning now to FIGS. 10-12, the method of the present invention will be described with respect to a basic, but not preferred, embodiment thereof. As shown in FIG. 10, the preform 26&#39; is positioned within a bottle-defining cavity 38 of a blow mold such as previously described with respect to FIGS. 5-7. For simplicity, the neck-producing portion 28 (which remains substantially the same) and the mold itself are not shown. In this embodiment, the bottom of the preform 26&#39; is initially placed close to but not in contact with the bottom of the cavity 38. As mentioned earlier, appropriate heating of the preform 26&#39; to blow molding temperatures in a manner well known to those skilled in the blow molding art for the materials employed will have been accomplished at this point. Spacing the bottom of the preform 26&#39; from the bottom of the cavity 38 provides room for the preform 26&#39; to move longitudinally to disengage the nub 67 from the groove 69 so that the base-producing portion 54 can then move properly to its desired final position 
     As shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, pressurized air 40 is then injected between the stretch rod 50 and the preform 26&#39; at the top causing the preform 26&#39; to separate from the core rod 50, stretch, and form the sidewalls 16 of the bottle from the top down. In the base-producing portion 54, very little radial stretching takes place as that portion, which is positioned last, lays over to form the base 14&#39; including the reinforcing hoop 44 within the chime 20 as desired. 
     A second and preferred, approach is shown in FIGS. 13-15. A second embodiment of the preform 26&#39; is also shown therein wherein the base-producing portion 54 has an exterior surface 58 which is an extension of the exterior surface 56 above it and terminates in a rounded tip. In the method and apparatus depicted in FIGS. 13-15, the preform 26&#39; is foreshortened in length as it comes from its mold. It is initially placed within the bottle-defining cavity 38 as in the previous embodiment. The stretch rod 50, however, is extendable and, as depicted in FIG. 14, it is then pushed downward as indicated by the arrow 68 until the bottom of the preform 26&#39; is positioned close adjacent (but spaced from) the bottom of the cavity 38 as in FIG. 10 of the previous embodiment. During this step, the sidewall-producing portion 52 of the preform 26&#39; is stretched longitudinally. Because the nub 67 is engaged by the groove 69 and there is a gap between the preform 26&#39; and the stretch rod 50 elsewhere, however, the stretching forces are generally applied at the point of the nub 67 and groove 69 and virtually all the stretching takes place in the sidewall-producing portion 52 and the base-producing portion 54 is minimally stretched, if at all (i.e. 0-2x), and remains relatively undistorted. As is well known by those skilled in the art, preferred performance is obtained in the bi-axial blow molding of PET containers with proper longitudinal and axial stretching of the material during the molding process. The above-described physical stretching process performs two functions. For one, it provides a constant and uniform longitudinal stretching of the PET plastic in the sidewall-producing portion 52 with attendant ultimate performance benefits. For another, it assures that radial stretching of the sidewall-producing portion 52 is accurate, resulting in the subsequent very accurate placement of the base-producing portion 54 to form the thickened portion 46 and the reinforcing hoop 44 within the chime 20, as desired. 
     A beneficial side effect of the nub 67 in the method of either FIGS. 10-12 or 13-15 is its ability to indicate proper placement of the base-producing portion. Since the PET plastic is transparent and a portion of the nub 67 remains distinctly apparent on the inner surface of the chime 20, the radial position of the nub 67 following the blow molding process is visible from outside the final bottle. Its radial position can be used in the quality assurance process to determine if the base-producing portion is properly placed, or radially too far in or too far out. By adjusting the process parameters and checking the results by means of the position of the nub 67 in the final product, accurate placement of the hoop 44 within the chime 20 can be repeatably achieved. 
     As another beneficial side effect of the nub 67, as can be seen in FIG. 9, for example, the nub has an annular air gap between itself and the main body of the preform 26&#39;. This air gap is useful and beneficial in minimizing the heat which is directed at the preform 26&#39; in a reheat process which might be employed in a conventional manner as part of the process by those skilled in the art. The resultant relative colder portion of the preform 26&#39; will then have less tendency to stretch, thus maximizing the material thickness in the chime 20. 
     By way of example with respect to the present invention, the size relationships employed to successfully produce a one piece one-half liter plastic bottle according to the present invention are depicted in FIG. 16 and are as follows: 
     
         X.sub.B =(1.10-1.6)CD 
    
     
         CD=(40-80%)BD 
    
     
         T.sub.PD =(OD.sub.B -ID.sub.B)/2 
    
     
         MD.sub.B =(OD.sub.B +ID.sub.B)/2 
    
     
         T.sub.C =(MD.sub.B /X.sub.B) (T.sub.PB)+T.sub.N 
    
     
         T.sub.C =1 mm (minimum) 
    
     
         B.sub.C =(15-40%)CD 
    
     
         T.sub.N =(0.01-0.60)(T.sub.PB -T.sub.P) 
    
     
         H.sub.T =(0.3-0.7)X.sub.B 
    
     where: 
     X B  =Base Traverse Distance 
     CD =Chime Diameter 
     T PB  =Thickness of Preform Base 
     MD B  =Median Diameter of Preform Base 
     T C  =Chime Thickness 
     B C  =Clearance of Base Center to Chime Bottom 
     MD =Median Diameter of Preform 
     T P  =Preform Top Thickness 
     T N  =Nub Thickness 
     H T  =Height to Top of Nub 
     An alternate embodiment of the present invention not employing the hub 67 of the previously described embodiments is depicted in FIG. 17. While not preferred because of the lesser control over the placement of the thickened chime material, this embodiment is still an improvement over the prior art. It can be accomplished with stretching as in the embodiment of the FIG. 13-14 or without as in the embodiment of FIGS. 10-12. In this embodiment, the stretch rod 50&#39;  contacts the inner end of the preform 26&#34; to spread the forces equally across the entire portion for equal stretching to occur within the preform 26&#34;. Additionally, the bottom of the preform 26&#34; is initially placed against the bottom of the mold (i.e. there is no spacing therefrom as in the previously described embodiments). Because there is no interlocking of the nub and groove as in the previous embodiments, longitudinal travel to affect unlocking thereof prior to radial stretching is unnecessary. Moreover, as can be seen from the figure, more material has been added to the outside of the base-forming portion 54&#39; of the preform 26&#34;, in combination with the contacting relationship of the preform 26&#34; to the mold, to decrease travel of the material in the mold, which is desirable as it improves the inherent placement accuracy; that is, the more stretching required and the further the materials have to travel, the less accurate the final placement thereof--the most accurate, of course, being a simple fold over with no stretching or distortion. 
     A further embodiment of the present invention, which also does not employ the nubs 67, is shown in FIG. 18. In this embodiment, the stretch rod 50&#39; has an annular recessed flange like portion 75 on its lower tapered end which engages with a protruding portion 73 on the lower end of preform 26&#34;. Thee engagement of the recess portion 75 of the stretch rod with the protruding portion 73 of the preform 26&#34; results in a substantially equal longitudinal stretching of the sidewall-forming portion 52&#39; of the preform until the base-forming portion 54&#39; of the preform abuts or is closely adjacent a downwardly directed apex in the bottom center portion of the mold. Thereafter, the blowing process can proceed to result in a substantially uniform blown container. 
     The arrangement shown in FIG. 18 is also a non-interlocking engagement which allows the base-forming portion 54&#39; of the preform 26&#34; to be easily laid at any desired location during the blowing stage. It is to be noted that the parameters of the recess portion 75 and protruding portion 73 (i.e. their overall dimensions, inclined angles, etc.) will influence how much material is deposited on chime 20 and where the deposits will occur. By controlling these parameters, one can adequately control the thickness of any desired portion of the base. 
     The arrangement shown in FIG. 9, which includes the nub 67, works best in an intergrated blow molding system. The arrangement of FIG. 18 is also suitable for an integrated system as the engagement of recessed portion 75 and portion 73 provides the desired stretch of the side walls relative to the base portion during stretching prior to blowing. The reason for this is that in an integrated system the entire preform 26&#39; is still relatively hot when the blow molding operation begins and thus the base-forming portion 54 of the preform is malleable and has a tendency to yield during the stretching process. The employment of nubs 67, which engage with annular groove 69, minimizes the amount of stretching occurring in base-forming portion 54&#39;. 
     In a non-intergrated system, the use of nubs 67 is not as important and so the preform may have a pencil shaped configuration (see FIG. 17) with the modified pencil shaped configuration (see FIG. 18) also being suitable. The reason the nubs are not required is because the preform is substantially cooled when it enters into the blowing stage and so it must be heated before the stretching operation. Consequently, the heat applied to soften the preform 26&#34; can be controlled and directed as desired to produce a desired temperature distribution between the sidewall-forming portion 52&#39; and the base forming portion 54&#39; of the preform 26&#34;. By adequately controlling the heating of the preform, one can produce desired stretching of the sidewall-forming portion 52 and of the base-forming portion 54&#39; of the preform as the blowing process proceeds. Therefore, the nubs 67 are not as critical in the non-integrated system. 
     The prior art Adomaitis patent teaches a truncated hemispherical base which allows too much stretching of the preform. The preferred container design of the present invention, on the other hand, has an angular or slightly radiused section between the chime and bottom portion of the container body so that a relatively small gradual transition exists between these two components. The angular section intercepts the expansion of the preform, during the blowing process, and allows only moderate stretching of the base portion. Consequently, better control over the placement of the thickened portion of the preform in the chime area is achieved and this, in turn, results in better reinforcement characteristics for the container. Adomaitis teaches an upwardly oriented apex in its concave base while the preferred mold design of the present invention has a downwardly directed apex which helps locate and center the preform, relative to the base, and minimizes stretching at the gate nub of the preform to prevent it from cracking (it is a highly crystalline region). The apex also moderates the orientation of the bottom of the preform which allows proper placement of the preform material in the rest of the push-up and chime areas. The optional inner nubs of the present preform act as a locating and locking device which interact with the stretch rod. The engagement of the inner nubs and the stretch rod minimize the amount of stretch occurring in the base of the preform while allowing the body of the preform to have maximum orientation. A secondary purpose of the nub is to act as a visual reference to see how evenly and where the thickened portion of the preform is located once blown into a container. Consequently, unlike Adomaitis, the nub is not provided for strengthening the base and the thickness of the nub relative to the total thickness desired in the chime is inconsequential. 
     Thus, it can be seen from the foregoing description that the present invention has provided many facets to achieve its various objectives including a novel base design, a novel construction for a preform employed to produce the base by blow molding methods, and a novel method of blow molding a container to achieve accurate placement of portions of the preform employed therein into the final product which includes versions providing a self-generating indicator giving the ability to visually perform quality assurance on the final product to assure such placement. 
     The specific embodiments contained in this specification serve as an example of the present invention and are not meant to limit it in any way. The term &#34;bottles&#34; is meant to include containers such as jars and cans, including those which contain a plastic base and metal lid and those which are formed by preparing the bottle as described above and then removing the top portion and attaching a metal lid thereto. The term &#34;carbonated&#34; is meant to include fluids placed under pressure including naturally carbonated as well as artificially carbonated liquids. 
     Wherefore, having thus described my invention,