Abstract:
A mobile equipment ( 10 ), such as a cellular radio telephone, includes a controller ( 18 ) coupled to a wireless transceiver ( 14, 16 ) for bidirectionally communicating with one of a plurality of different networks ( 32, 32 ′), such as a GSM network and a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) network. A data storage module ( 28 ), referred to herein as a SIM/USIM or as a UICC (UMTS Integrated Circuit Card), is readably coupled to the controller. The module stores information for specifying at least an identification and the operational capabilities of the module in each of the plurality of different networks. The controller is responsive to a request received from one of the plurality of networks through the transceiver for accessing the module to retrieve the stored information and for transmitting the retrieved information to the requesting one of the networks through the transceiver.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention relates in general to the field of mobile terminals and wireless telecommunications networks and, more particularly, to methods and apparatus for selectively enabling, continuing or disabling certain applications when moving between different types of networks. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     In the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) there exists a Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) that can typically be pluggably connected and disconnected to a mobile terminal. The SIM stores information regarding a particular user. The SIM has well defined and limited capabilities, and the network-side Visitor Location Register (VLR) and Home Location Register (HLR) are capable of inter-operating with different types of SIM cards. 
     By way of introduction, at page 24 of a document “Draft (GSM 11.11 version 5.8.0), December 1997” there is described the logical model for a SIM, the code associated with it, and the structure of files used. Reference is made to FIG. 4, which shows the organization of SIM memory and the general structural relationships which may exist between files. The files are organized in a hierarchical structure and are of one of three types as defined below. These files may be either administrative or application specific. The operating system handles the access to the data stored in different files. 
     Files are composed of a header, which is internally managed by the SIM, and optionally a body part. The header information is related to the structure and attributes of the file and may be obtained by using commands GET RESPONSE or STATUS. This information is fixed during the administrative phase. The body part contains the data of the file. 
     A file ID is used to address or identify each specific file. The file ID consists of two bytes and is coded in hexadecimal. The first byte identifies the type of file, and for GSM is: ‘3F’ Master File (MF); ‘7F’ 1st level Dedicated File (DF 1 ); ‘5F’ 2nd level Dedicated File (DF 2 ); ‘2F’ Elementary File under the Master File (EF); ‘6F’ Elementary File under a 1st level Dedicated File; and ‘4F’ Elementary File under 2nd level Dedicated File. 
     The File IDs are specified to be subject to the following conditions. First, the file ID is assigned at the time of creation of the file. Second, no two files under the same parent can have the same ID. And third, a child and any parent, either immediate or remote in the hierarchy, e.g. a grandparent, can have the same file ID. In this way each file is uniquely identified in the SIM. 
     It has been known in the art to provide different telephone number series to identify SIM cards with different capabilities, but this approach is wasteful of the finite telephone number space. 
     As modern wireless telecommunications systems evolve (such as the new so-called third generation (3G) systems) they offer the capability to provide users with even more functions, as well as more complicated functions and, as such, the problems related to identifying SIM cards with different functionality are becoming more prominent. A significant amount of standardization activity is underway to develop 3G systems, such as the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) and IMT-2000. Reference with regard to UMTS can be had to “Wideband CDMA for Third Generation Mobile Communications”, Artech House Publishers, ISBN 0-89006-735-X, by Ojanperä and Prasad (particularly Chapter 12). 
     One basic problem relates to how the serving network can determine what kind of SIM or Universal Subscriber Identity Module (USIM) card is currently in use, and what its capabilities are, e.g., what applications is the SIM/USIM capable of executing? For example, if the network could determine the capabilities of the SIM/USIM card and the application(s) that it is capable of executing, then it can execute the desired application with the best possible input from the start. Another problem is simply how and where to best store the information about the SIM/USIM capabilities. 
     As such, it can be appreciated that problems have arisen that relate to how to most optimally handle and coordinate the increased functionality and capabilities that exist in and between modern wireless telecommunications systems, such as the new 3G systems, and 3G SIM/USIM subscriber cards. Another problem relates to dealing with the inter-operation and compatibility between current telecommunications systems (e.g., 2G systems) and 3G SIM/USIM cards and mobile terminals, in particular multi-band mobile terminals, such as those capable of operating in two or more frequency bands with two or more different network types (e.g., with a GSM network and also with a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) network.) 
     OBJECTS AND ADVANTAGES OF THE INVENTION 
     It is a first object and advantage of this invention to provide methods and apparatus for overcoming the foregoing and other problems. 
     It is a further object and advantage of this invention to provide a technique for optimizing a network-mobile equipment interaction and inter-operability, especially when using certain applications whose execution is network specific. 
     It is another object and advantage of this invention to provide an Integrated Circuit Card (ICC) that stores at least an identification and the operational capabilities of the ICC in each of a plurality of different networks, and that can be accessed by a mobile equipment to which the ICC is readably coupled. 
     It is a still further object and advantage of this invention to provide the Integrated Circuit Card (ICC) that stores at least the identification and the operational capabilities of the ICC in each of the plurality of different networks, that can be accessed by the mobile equipment to which the ICC is readably coupled, and to then provide for the mobile equipment to transmit the retrieved information back to a requesting network, such as to a VLR of the requesting network. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The foregoing and other problems are overcome and the objects of the invention are realized by methods and apparatus in accordance with embodiments of this invention. 
     In accordance with this invention a mobile equipment having 2G and/or 3G capabilities can run some applications in the network or in the mobile equipment, which may have a relationship to the SIM or USIM card that is in use. Alternatively the entire application can reside in the SIM/USIM card. This invention provides a technique for informing the network as to the capabilities of the application(s) of a particular mobile equipment, as the capabilities may affect the manner in which the application is executed. 
     One benefit of this inventive technique is that no SIM/USIM capability information need be stored in the network. Preferably, existing message types are used to relay the capability information from mobile equipment to the network. Also, existing SIM/USIM cards can store the information. An important benefit of the teaching of this invention is that the network can use the applications and new features in the SIM/USIM card in the best possible way. 
     In accordance with this invention a mobile equipment, such as a cellular radio telephone, includes a controller coupled to a wireless transceiver for bidirectionally communicating with one of a plurality of different networks, such as a GSM network and a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) network. A data storage module, referred to herein as a SIM/USIM or as a UICC (UMTS Integrated Circuit Card), is readably coupled to the controller. The module stores information for specifying at least an identification and the operational capabilities of the module in each of the plurality of different networks. The controller is responsive to a request received from one of the plurality of networks through the transceiver for accessing the module to retrieve the stored information and for transmitting the retrieved information to the requesting one of the networks through the transceiver. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     The above set forth and other features of the invention are made more apparent in the ensuing Detailed Description of the Invention when read in conjunction with the attached Drawings, wherein: 
     FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a mobile equipment that is constructed and operated in accordance with this invention; 
     FIG. 2 is an elevational view of the mobile equipment shown in FIG. 1, and which further illustrates telecommunication systems to which the mobile equipment can be bidirectionally coupled through wireless RF links; 
     FIG. 3 shows an example of a UMTS Integrated Circuit Card (UICC) that contains both GSM SIM applications and UMTS USIM applications (other applications may also reside in the UICC); and 
     FIG. 4 shows a prior art organization of memory in a SIM. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     Reference is first made to FIGS. 1 and 2 for illustrating a wireless user terminal or mobile equipment  10 , such as but not limited to a cellular radio telephone or a personal communicator, that is suitable for practicing this invention. The mobile equipment  10  includes an antenna  12  for transmitting signals to and for receiving signals from a base site or base equipment  30 . The base equipment  30  is a part of a first wireless telecommunications network  32  comprising a network control function  34  and interface to land line trunks when the mobile equipment  10  is involved in a call. A second network  32 ′ is also shown, and other networks may be present as well. By example, the mobile equipment  10  may be a dual band device for communicating with either of the networks  32  and  32 ′, which may be, by example only, a GSM network  32  and an UMTS network  32 ′. Each of the two networks is shown to contain a VLR/HLR pair  34 A,  34 A′. 
     The mobile equipment  10  typically includes a modulator (MOD)  14 A, a transmitter  14 , a receiver  16 , a demodulator (DEMOD)  16 A, and a controller  18  that provides signals to and receives signals from the transmitter  14  and receiver  16 , respectively. These signals include signalling information in accordance with the air interface standard of the applicable network  32  or  32 ′, and also user speech and/or user generated data. It is understood that the controller  18  also includes the circuitry required for implementing the audio and logic functions of the mobile equipment  10 . By example, the controller  18  may be comprised of a digital signal processor device, a microprocessor device, and various analog to digital converters, digital to analog converters, and other support circuits. The control and signal processing functions of the mobile equipment are allocated between these devices according to their respective capabilities. 
     A user interface includes a conventional earphone or speaker  17 , a conventional microphone  19 , a display  20 , and a user input device, typically a keypad  22 , all of which are coupled to the controller  18 . The keypad  22  includes the conventional numeric (0-9) and related keys (#,*)  22   a , and other keys  22   b  used for operating the mobile equipment  10 . These other keys  22   b  may include, by example, a SEND key, various menu scrolling and soft keys, and a PWR key. The mobile equipment  10  also includes a battery  26  for powering the various circuits that are required to operate the mobile equipment. 
     The mobile equipment  10  also includes various memories, shown collectively as the memory  24 , wherein are stored an operating program, as well as constants and variables that are used by the controller  18  during the operation of the mobile equipment  10 . 
     It should be understood that the mobile equipment  10  can be a vehicle mounted or a handheld device. It should further be appreciated that the mobile equipment  10  can be capable of operating with one or more air interface standards, modulation types, and access types. 
     The mobile equipment  10  further is coupled to, preferably, a removable data card which will be referred to herein as a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Integrated Circuit Card (UICC)  28 . In the illustrated embodiment, shown in greater detail in FIG. 3, the UICC  28  contains both GSM SIM applications and UMTS USIM applications. Other applications may also reside on the UICC  28 . 
     Referring now to FIG. 3, an elementary file structure directory (EF-dir) register  28 A contains pointers to the different applications that the mobile equipment  10  can read. For the case where the UICC  28  is intended to be used in a GSM mobile terminal it must have the SIM1 28B application #7F20, since GSM terminals are capable of handling only this particular pointer. It is assumed that both UMTS and dual mode GSM-UMTS terminals can read the enhanced elementary file structure ( 28 A) of the UICC card  28 . With general reference to GSM terminals, as well as SIM functions, reference can be had to “The GSM System for Mobile Communications”, by Michel Mouly and Marie-Bernadette Pautet, 1992, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. 
     The International Mobile User Identity (IMUI) and the International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) represent or manifest the subscriber identities, while the International Mobile User Number (IMUN) and Mobile Station ISDN (MSISDN) are the telephone numbers of the user. It should be noted that MSISDN/IMUN need not be contained in the UICC  28 , since the IMSI-MSISDN and IMUI-IMUN mappings are only performed in the network  32  or  32 ′. The MSISDN and IMUN are shown in FIG. 3 simply for completeness, as one or both may be present. 
     It is pointed out that herein the identifier of the UMTS subscriber is referred to as the IMUI in order to distinguish from GSM. However, the IMUI may or may not be the same as the GSM IMSI (defined in GSM 03.03). In FIG. 3 the exemplary content of the UICC  28  includes, in addition to the EF-dir  28 A and the SIM1 28B application, the following SIM or Universal Subscriber Identity Module (USIM) applications (DFs): 
     
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 28C USIM2 
                 #7F21 
               
               
                   
                 28D X-Application 
                 #7F2X (i.e., any application) 
               
               
                   
                 28E USIM3 
                 #7F22 
               
               
                   
                 28F SIM4 
                 #7F23 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Note that SIM1 and SIM4 are GSM-related applications having GSM authorizations, while USIM2 and USIM3 are UMTS applications having UMTS authorizations. Also included is the Master File (MF) 28G that acts as a logical root for applications in the UICC  28 . 
     Further in this regard, and reflecting again on FIG.  4  and the previous discussion, the EF is an Elementary File. For example, EF IMSI  would be an elementary file containing International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) data within an application. Typically, the applications will contain more EFs than those depicted in FIG.  3 . 
     It should be noted that the word “application” is used so that it has two different meanings in this invention. In one case it means a Dedicated File in the UICC  28  containing all necessary Elementary Files and methods to access the corresponding network. In another case it may also mean an application program or feature inside of a Dedicated File. An example is authentication. 
     The individual EFs within the UICC  28  are grouped into Dedicated Files (DFs), that are collected into the MF 28G. The MF 28G is a logical root of the UICC file hierarchy. The DF is referred to as an Application in this invention, since it collects all of the files and methods necessary to access the corresponding network. 
     The value 7F20 is a predefined ID for a GSM application (directory, dedicated file). In general, any ID could be used. As was indicated previously, the hexadecimal value ‘7F’ means 1st level directory, etc, while an ID beginning with ‘3F’ relates to the MF 28G. Values of IDs other than 7F20 are not particularly relevant to the description of this invention. What is important to note is that each application in the same “level” must own a different ID. 
     The X-application could as well be referred to as ‘Any Application’. It can be a GSM or UMTS application, or some other, even non-cellular application. It may be an application that is understandable by the mobile equipment  10 , or just some part of the mobile equipment  10 . What is important to note is that whether it pertains to the mobile equipment or not, in accordance with the teachings of this invention the mobile equipment  10  can inform the network about the X-application (Any Application), if it exists in the UICC  28 . 
     The SIM and USIM applications shown in FIG. 3 may have different capabilities, and an aspect of this invention enables the system  32  or  32 ′ to accommodate the different capabilities in an efficient and compatible way. 
     The mobile equipment  10  having, by example, both GSM and UMTS capabilities is capable of operating in both types of networks  32 ,  32 ′, and can roam between these two networks. There can exist more than one version of a single application, which should continue to operate when moving from network to another. Authentication is one example of such an application. For example, the GSM authentication is required to operate also in the UMTS network  32 ′ in order to allow GSM SIMs to access UMTS, but the UMTS authentication may not work in the GSM network  32 . 
     As such, it can be realized that if the network knew the capabilities of the SIM/USIM  28 , it could immediately start using UMTS authentication instead of first trying GSM authentication, thus making the authentication procedure faster with improved security. 
     An aspect of this invention is thus to present methods and apparatus for enabling the network  32  or  32 ′ to obtain information about the capabilities of the SIM/USIM  28 . 
     When the mobile equipment  10  is roaming in another network, the VLR of the visited network sends a query to the HLR of the mobile equipment&#39;s home network. The VLR is required to obtain information concerning the capabilities of the SIM or USIM card used, what the class of the mobile equipment is, etc. The HLR, however, may or may not store information about SIM or USIM card capabilities. 
     In accordance with an aspect of this invention the VLR of the roamed-to network requests the card capability information from the SIM/USIM card. The mobile equipment can send the capability information of the USIM/SIM card to the VLR in a number of different ways. 
     For example, in one technique the capability information can be placed in a message that is defined for this purpose. In another example the capability information can be placed in a Location Update message. In a further example, the capability information can be sent as a response to an authentication request sent by network, if the parameters are not the best possible (in this case the application is authentication). 
     The mobile equipment  10  requests the capability information stored in the SIM/USIM card, i.e., the UICC  28  in the preferred embodiment, using one of the following methods. 
     In a first method the mobile equipment  10  passes a newly defined command to the UICC  28  and receives the stored capability information as a response. In a second method the mobile equipment  10  selects a specific elementary file from the UICC  28  and reads it. The content of this specific file indicates the capabilities of the UICC  28 . 
     After having received information concerning the capabilities of the UICC  28 , via the mobile equipment  10 , the VLR  34 A,  34 A′ and network  32 ,  32 ′ can use the application(s) supported by the UICC  28  with the most optimum parameters. These applications can be of any type, and can include, by example, authentication applications and user profile configuration applications. 
     It is desirable to define and standardize a description of the capabilities of the UICC  28 . One possible way to accomplish this is by defining a UICC Classmark parameter. This parameter is given a defined value for certain UICC capabilities. One suitable example is shown in the following Table. 
     
       
         
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Capability 
                 Classmark value 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 Support for GSM authentication 
                 xx 
               
               
                 Support for UMTS authentication 
                 yy 
               
               
                 Support for both GSM and UMTS authentication 
                 zz 
               
               
                 Support for application x 
                 ww 
               
               
                 Unused parameter values are reserved for future 
               
               
                 applications and capabilities. 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     It should be realized that the teachings of this invention are not limited to only the GSM and UMTS applications and algorithms listed immediately above, and that in general other types of applications and algorithms could be substituted. 
     Furthermore, in an alternative embodiment of the teachings of this invention one may define for each USIM its own set of algorithms, and the USIM and the HLR would agree on or share mutual information on the algorithms. For example, the algorithm appearing in the first row would be the most preferred, etc. In this case the VLR would only request authentication with algorithm #1 and provide the RAND as provided by the HLR. It would then receive a SRES and make a comparison. If the HLR is not aware of the USIM&#39;s capabilities, then the HLR could use the same “UMTS algorithm” to calculate SRES for all its IMSIs (USIMs), the point being that the SIM and the HLR (AuC) have the same understanding, whereas the VLR can only perform the comparison. 
     As such, it should be appreciated that in the foregoing Table the specific references to “GSM” and “UMTS” are exemplary, and that the instances of “GSM” could be replaced by the generic “Algorithm Y”, while the instances of “UMTS” could be replaced by the generic “Algorithm Z”, to indicate that the teachings of this invention are not restricted to only GSM and UMTS applications, algorithms and implementations. 
     It has been made apparent that the use of the UICC  28  involves two separate interfaces which must be handled separately: the local UICC-mobile equipment interface and the wireless mobile equipment-network interface. For both interfaces it may be desirable to define one or more new commands having a response optimized for either retrieving the capabilities of the UICC  28  to the controller  18  of the mobile equipment  10 , or transferring the retrieved UICC capability parameters to the requesting network control  34 . However, and by example, UICC capabilities sent to the network  32  or  32 ′ as a response to an authentication command may give the optimum performance (at least for the authentication application). 
     It should be noted that not all of the content in the UICC  28  need be transmitted to the network. For example, it may be desirable to allow the transmission of some “common” information freely, e.g., the type of authentication, but not to allow transmission of application specific or user specific information without some type of authorization, such as authentication. If there is a roaming agreement between two networks, then it may not be objectionable to allow both of the networks to request and receive the capability of its own or the others application(s). For example, if the UICC  28  contains application A (but not B), and is roaming in the area of network B, and networks A and B have a roaming agreement, then network B can request information of application A. The query can also be authenticated so that a different network C, which may not have a roaming agreement with network A, cannot query information regarding the application A. In this case perhaps the user has application C in the UICC  28  in order to be able to access network C. With regard to the definition of a subset of transferred data, certain common data, for example, the type of authentication, may simply be defined in the standards (as was indicated above). However, it may also be desirable to define more private data within an operator and its ‘friend’ operators, such as those with which it has roaming agreements. The format of the query may be common, so that some parameter or key value defines or specifies exactly what information is being requested. For example, one suitable format for a query could be: 
     GetCapability( typeofcapability, &amp;value ). 
     If the typeOfCapability parameter is “authentication”, the value may be returned to anyone requesting. But if the parameter is, for example, “remaining amount of payment”, the query may first be authenticated to prevent unwanted parties from obtaining the information. The former type of query may be standardized, whereas the latter type of query may well be network operator specific. 
     Although described above in the context of the GSM network  32  and the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) network  32 ′, it should be realized that the teachings of this invention are not limited for use with only these two network types. For example, one of the two networks could be a IMT-2000 network, or another existing 2G network such as an 800 MHz CDMA or TDMA network. Tri-mode and higher mobile equipments are also within the scope of the teaching of this invention, and in this case the UICC  28  can store capability information relating to three or more different networks. 
     It should further be noted that the teachings of this invention are not limited to only the various types of public networks mentioned, but are also applicable for use with private networks. 
     In addition, the USIM or UICC could be placed in, by example, a laptop computer connected to a wireline local area network (LAN), and the operation of this invention can be the same or similar to that disclosed above. 
     Thus, while the invention has been particularly shown and described with respect to preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention.