Abstract:
The present invention relates to a method of anhydrous ethanol production using circulation by multiple towers&#39; alternation, the procedure includes the steps of heating, adsorption, internal circulation, vacuum suction, washing and resolving etc. The method can prolong the life of adsorbent, reduce the heat exchanger&#39;s surface, cooling water, the equipment investment and energy consumption, provide high ethanol recovery rate and high dehydration, and protect environment.

Description:
FIELD OF INVENTION 
       [0001]    This invention relates to a method of anhydrous ethanol production, especially refers to a method of anhydrous ethanol production using internal circulation by multiple towers&#39; alternation. 
       BACKGROUND 
       [0002]    As an important industrial chemical and solvent, anhydrous ethanol plays an immeasurable role in national economy. With the rapid growth of market demand and continuous improvement of product quality needs, the methods of anhydrous ethanol production are constantly improving and developing. Preparation methods of anhydrous ethanol are traditional calcium oxide and ion exchange technique at the earliest, benzene azeotropic distillation technique, pentane azeotropic technique, extractive distillation technique, molecular sieve technique etc. Though azeotropic distillation technique and extractive distillation technique can produce high-concentrated ethanol, these methods inevitably have the trace of Organic dissolved impurities, moreover with big investment, high consumption, low rate relatively. 
         [0003]    Adsorption method by using absorbent has been industrialized since the 1980s with a new alcohol dehydration technology. Absorbents are activated carbon, silica gel, activated alumina, molecular sieve, cereal powder and so on. Among them molecular sieve adsorption have the best capacity and selectivity. Meanwhile it has good thermal stability and fine mechanical performance, with no swelling after absorption and no ravel because of wet. The absorbent has a long life, up to 5-7 years. Therefore this technology has been widely applied. 
         [0004]    ZL 88102169, CN 1498678 (application number is 02150135.1), CN 1328987A (application number is 01118051.X), U.S. Pat. No. 4,465,875, U.S. Pat. No. 4,407,662 and other patents relate to anhydrous ethanol production by absorption. However, the feed method nowadays is feeding from below, which cause the gas stir up and the layer of adsorption bed displace. The product often carries over absorbent, which influence the life of absorbent. Meanwhile In the production of anhydrous ethanol, cooling water costs a lot because of steam generation and cooling process. In addition, when desorbed gas cool down instantaneously, the usage of cooling water and heat exchange surface area are great because of focused desorption, which cause large equipment loading, great energy, great investment in equipment and high operating costs. In the course of desorption, the valve is opened and closed directly, which makes gas generate momentum. And it can easily cause absorbent pulverization. The instantaneous heat is great, and the heat exchange surface area is large in unit time. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0005]    The invention aims to solve the shortcomings of existing technology, and offer a method of anhydrous ethanol production using internal circulation by multiple towers&#39; alternation with small equipment loading, low equipment investment, and low consumption, and long life of absorbent. 
         [0006]    To achieve the above objectives, a method of anhydrous ethanol production using internal circulation by multiple towers&#39; alternation comprising the procedures as follows is provided: 
         [0007]    1. 70-99 wt % ethanol aqueous solution, as raw material, passes a heat interchanger and then enters a vaporizer for heating and vaporization by steam, and is heated to 80-220° C.; 
         [0008]    2. the heated vapor stream of raw material alternatively enters several adsorption towers (at adsorption mode) in turn from the top thereof for adsorption and dehydration, the pressure is 0.1-2.5 Mpa and the adsorption process lasts for 50-500 seconds; when the water concentrations in any one of the adsorption towers is nearly saturated, the feed to the adsorption tower is stopped; ethanol stream flows out from the bottom of the adsorption tower and enters the heat interchanger to heat the raw ethanol, and after being cooled down by a product cooler, the ethanol product is sampled, and the qualified product containing 99.5-99.99 wt % ethanol enters a product storage tank, while the unqualified product is sent to a raw ethanol tank for re-processing; 
         [0009]    3. after adsorption and dehydration, the valve is regulated to allow alcohol in the tower gradually to flow into those towers at adsorption mode until their pressures are equal, then internal circulation is established, it is the internal circulation is the course of balancing the pressure in the two towers; 
         [0010]    4. after internal circulation and pressure being balanced, the top of the adsorption tower is communicated with a vacuum system to suck out the remaining of the ethanol fluid which is liquefied after mixing with ejecting recycling liquid and becomes a new recycling liquid to be sent to a recycle pump, part of the recycling liquid (light wine) is sent to a light wine rectifying tower and collected in a raw ethanol tank as raw material after rectification, and the liquid in the bottom of the rectifying tower is pollution-free waste water which can be discharged directly, and the remaining recycling liquid enters the ejector again as ejecting liquid; 
         [0011]    5. then dry alcohol from the adsorption tower, which is in the state of adsorption, is used to flow through the molecular sieve in the vacuum tower from the top to regenerate the molecular sieve after desorption; 
         [0012]    6. the pressure of the tower after regeneration is −0.01˜0.1 MPa, which could be regarded as vacuum, and is then connected to another adsorption tower in which adsorption has been completed, to form an internal circulation, and increase the pressure, then it reaches a plateau, and enters the second operation process. 
         [0013]    Advantages of this method: 
         [0014]    1. Feeding from top can solve the problem of displacement of the adsorption bed layers and the problem that the absorbent is often carried by the product, so that the life of absorbent can be prolonged. 
         [0015]    2. By adopting the way of internal circulation by multiple towers&#39; alternation in this method, instead of carrying out desorption after all absorption, but carrying out the absorption, desorption and washing alternatively, the instantaneous pulse heat in the process can be reduced. Furthermore, the desorption gas and washing gas are condensed alternatively, which can reduce the surface area of the heat exchanger and the usage of cooling water. 
         [0016]    3. In production process, the desorbed gas from the absorption tower, as a feed gas, enters another tower (at adsorption mode) and makes an internal circulation, which reduces the workload of the device and the cost of energy. 
         [0017]    4. In production process, for the desorbed gas from the absorption tower, other methods are to recycle after cooling down; while this method is to suck out by vacuum draw and to mix with recycling liquid from the ejector and then turn to liquid phase from gas phase, meanwhile to use the liquefied materials as the source of the ejector, which makes good use of heat, reduces the equipment investment and reduces energy consumption. 
         [0018]    5. This method adopts advanced automatic control means, using a method of anhydrous ethanol production using internal circulation by multiple towers&#39; alternation in the process, which can automatically achieve consecutive dehydration and reproduction. This method has no pollution, low energy consumption, low running costs, short flow, low investment, long life, high ethanol recovery rate and high dehydration. 
         [0019]    6. In this method the valves are regulating valves, which can reduce pressure and obtain gradual desorption, decrease the release heat in unit time, reduce the surface area of the heat exchanger, and save the investment by regulation. Meanwhile, without impulse force of gas caused by valves opening directly like other methods, the life of catalyst can be effectively increased. 
         [0020]    7. This method provides high dehydration, which can reach up to 99.99%. Meanwhile it can adjust the degree of dehydration of the dehydrate ethanol as requested. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING 
         [0021]      FIG. 1  is a flowchart of the method of anhydrous ethanol production using internal circulation by multiple towers&#39; alternation provided by the present invention. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
       [0022]    Case 1 
         [0023]    Refer to  FIG. 1 , about 70 wt % ethanol aqueous solution, as raw material, passes a heat interchanger  1  and then enters a vaporizer  2  for heating and vaporizing by steam, and is heated to 80° C. The heated vapor stream of raw material enters an absorption tower A from top to bottom through a valve  11 . At that time valves  12 ,  13 ,  14  and  15  are closed. The absorption process lasts for 250 seconds. And the heated vapor stream enters absorption tower B from top to bottom through a valve  21 . At that time valves  22 ,  23 ,  24  and  25  are closed. The pressure in tower A and B is set at 0.1 Mpa. And the adsorption hour is 500 seconds. Ethanol vapor flows out through valves  15  and  25  from the bottom of the tower. Then it enters the heat interchanger  1  to heat raw ethanol and passes through a cooler  3 . After being cooled down, the ethanol product is sampled, and the qualified product containing 99.5 wt % ethanol enters a product storage tank  8  through a valve  51 . The unqualified product shall be sent to raw ethanol tank through a valve  52  for re-processing. 
         [0024]    After adsorption and dehydration in the absorption tower A, the valves  13  and  43  are regulated to allow the remaining ethanol vapor gradually flow to the top of tower D through valves  13  and  43 . At that time valves  11 ,  12 ,  14 ,  15 ,  41 ,  42 ,  44  and  45  are closed, until the pressures of tower A and tower D are equal, and then an internal circulation is established. In that process, some ethanol vapor is high-concentrated, so it does not have to be pre-processed but enters the tower for absorption directly. In that case, it can improve the thermal efficiency and reduce the equipment investment. 
         [0025]    After internal circulation and pressure being balanced, the top of tower A is communicated with a vacuum system  4 . Ethanol vapor is sucked out by vacuum draw. A valve  31  of an absorption tower C is open so as to let the heated ethanol vapor in. Valves  32 ,  33 ,  34 ,  35  are closed. The pressure of the absorption tower C is 2.5 Mpa, and the adsorption hour is set at 500 seconds. The remaining of the ethanol vapor in tower A is sucked out by vacuum draw and mixed with the ejecting recycling liquid. After entering recycling liquid tank  6 , it turns to a new recycling liquid and is sent into a recycling pump  5 . While part of the recycling liquid is sent to a rectifying tower  9  through a valve  53 , and enters a vaporizer  2  through a valve  55  after rectifying, and is then superheated it as raw ethanol vapor. The bottoms of the rectifying towers collect pollution-free wastewater. It can be discharged from a valve  54 , while the other enters the ejector again as ejecting liquid. The recycling liquid as above-mentioned is ethanol aqueous solution. 
         [0026]    Then the dry alcohol from the tower C, which is in a state of absorption, is used to flow through the molecular sieve in the vacuum tower A from the top to regenerate the molecular sieve after desorption. At that time, valves  33  and  13  are open, while valves  31 , 32 , 34 , 35 ,  11 ,  12 ,  14  and  15  are closed. 
         [0027]    Then the pressure of tower A is −0.01 Mpa after regeneration. Connect it to the adsorption tower B in which absorption has finished, to form an internal circulation, and then increase the pressure so as to reach a plateau, and be ready for the second operation process. 
         [0028]    Case 2 
         [0029]    Refer to  FIG. 1 , about 99 wt % ethanol aqueous solution, as raw material, passes a heat interchanger  1  and then enters a vaporizer  2  for heating and vaporizing by steam, and is heated to 220° C. The heated vapor stream of raw material enters an absorption tower A from top to bottom through a valve  11 . At that time valves  12 ,  13 ,  14  and  15  are closed. The absorption process lasts for 25 seconds. And the heated vapor stream enters an absorption tower B from top to bottom through a valve  21 . At that time valves  22 ,  23 ,  24  and  25  are closed. The pressure in tower A and B is set at 2.5 Mpa and adsorption time is set at 50 seconds. Ethanol vapor flows out through valves  15  and  25  from the bottom of the tower. Then it enters the heat interchanger  1  to heat raw ethanol and passes through a cooler  3 . After being cooled down, the ethanol product is sampled, and the qualified product containing 99.5 wt % ethanol enters a product storage tank  8  through a valve  51 . The unqualified product shall be sent to raw ethanol tank through a valve  52  for re-processing. 
         [0030]    After adsorption and dehydration in the absorption tower A, the valves  13  and  43  are regulated to allow the remaining ethanol vapor gradually flow to the top of tower D through valves  13  and  43 . At that time valves  11 ,  12 ,  14 ,  15 ,  41 ,  42 ,  44  and  45  are closed, until the pressures of tower A and tower D are equal, and then an internal circulation is established. In that process, some ethanol vapor is high-concentrated, so it does not have to be pre-processed but enters the tower for absorption directly. In that case, it can improve the thermal efficiency and reduce equipment investment. 
         [0031]    After internal circulation and pressure being balanced, the top of tower A is communicated with a vacuum system  4 . Ethanol vapor is sucked out by vacuum draw. A valve  31  of an absorption tower C is open so as to let the heated ethanol vapor in. Valves  32 ,  33 ,  34 ,  35  are closed. The pressure of the absorption tower C is 2.5 Mpa, and the adsorption hour is set at 50 seconds. The remaining of the ethanol vapor in tower A is sucked out by vacuum draw and mixed with the ejecting recycling liquid. After enter a recycling liquid tank  6 , it turns to a new recycling liquid and is sent into a recycling pump  5 . While part of the recycling liquid is sent to a rectifying tower  9  through a valve  53 , and enter vaporizer  2  through a valve  55  after rectifying, and then superheat it as raw ethanol vapor. The bottoms of the rectifying tower is pollution-free wastewater. It can be discharged from a valve  54 , while the other enters the ejector again as ejecting liquid. The recycling liquid as above-mentioned is ethanol aqueous solution. 
         [0032]    Then use the dry alcohol from the tower C which is in a state of absorption to flow through the molecular sieve in the vacuum tower A from the top to regenerate the molecular sieve after desorption. At that time, valves  33  and  13  are open, while valves  31 , 32 , 34 , 35 ,  11 ,  12 ,  14  and  15  are closed. 
         [0033]    Then the pressure of tower A is −0.1 Mpa after regeneration. It is then connected to the adsorption tower B in which absorption has been completed, to form an internal circulation, and then increase the pressure so as to reach a plateau, and be ready for the second operation process. 
         [0034]    Case 3 
         [0035]    Refer to  FIG. 1 , the about 85 wt % ethanol aqueous solution, as raw material, passes a heat interchanger  1  and then enters a vaporizer  2  for heating and vaporizing by steam, and is heated to 150° C. The heated vapor stream of raw material enters an absorption tower A from top to bottom through a valve  11 . At that time valves  12 ,  13 ,  14  and  15  are closed. The absorption process lasts for 125 seconds. And the heated vapor stream enters absorption tower B from top to bottom through a valve  21 . At that time valves  22 ,  23 ,  24  and  25  are closed. The pressure in tower A and B is set at 11.0 Mpa. And the adsorption hour is set at 250 seconds. Ethanol vapor flows out through valves  15  and  25  from the bottom of tower. It then enters the heat interchanger  1  to heat raw ethanol and passes through a cooler  3 . After being cooled down, the ethanol product is sampled, and the qualified product containing 99.5 wt % ethanol enters a product storage tank  8  through a valve  51 . The unqualified product shall be sent to raw ethanol tank through a valve  52  for re-processing. 
         [0036]    After adsorption and dehydration in the absorption tower A, the valves  13  and  43  are regulated to allow let the remaining ethanol vapor gradually flow to the top of tower D through valves  13  and  43 . At that time valves  11 ,  12 ,  14 ,  15 ,  41 ,  42 ,  44  and  45  are closed, until the pressures of tower A and tower D are equal, and then an internal circulation is established. In that process, some ethanol vapor is high-concentrated, so it does not have to be pre-processed but enters the tower for absorption directly. In that case, it can improve the thermal efficiency and reduce the equipment investment. 
         [0037]    After internal circulation and pressure being balanced, the top of tower A is communicated with a vacuum system  4 . Ethanol vapor is sucked out by vacuum draw. A valve  31  of an absorption tower C is open so as to let the heated ethanol vapor in. Valves  32 ,  33 ,  34 ,  35  are closed. The pressure of the absorption tower C is 1.0 Mpa, and the adsorption hour is set at 250 seconds. The remaining of the ethanol vapor in tower A is sucked out by vacuum draw and mixed with the ejecting recycling liquid. After enter recycling liquid tank  6 , it turns to a new recycling liquid and is sent into a recycling pump  5 . While part of the recycling liquid is sent to a rectifying tower  9  through a valve  53 , and enters a vaporizer  2  through a valve  55  after rectifying, and then superheat it as raw ethanol vapor. The bottoms of the rectifying tower is pollution-free wastewater. It can bed discharged from a valve  54 , while the other enters the ejector again as ejecting liquid. The recycling liquid as above-mentioned is ethanol aqueous solution. 
         [0038]    Then use the dry alcohol from the tower C which is in a state of absorption to flow through the molecular sieve in the vacuum tower A from the top to regenerate the molecular sieve after desorption. At that time, valves  33  and  13  are open, while valves  31 , 32 , 34 , 35 ,  11 ,  12 ,  14  and  15  are closed. 
         [0039]    Then the pressure of tower A is −0.05 Mpa after regeneration. Connect it to the adsorption tower B in which absorption has finished, to form an internal circulation, and then increase the pressure so as to reach a plateau, and be ready for the second operation process.