Abstract:
Disclosed and claimed are liquid-crystalline cyclopropylalkyl or -alkenyl or heterocyclic compounds, process for their preparation, and their use in liquid-crystalline mixtures. The novel cyclopropylalkyl or -alkenyl or heterocyclic compounds are of the general formula ##STR1## In this formula A 1 , A 2  and A 3  are unsubstituted or substituted, aromatic or heteroaromatic molecular components such as 1,4-phenylene or pyrimidine-2,5-diyl which are linked via a single bond (in the case where k and m=0) or via functional groups M 1  and M 2 , such as CO--O or CH 2  --O; j, k, l, m and n are zero, 1 or 2. The radicals R 2 , R 3  and R 4  are H or alkyl/alkenyl, R 1  is alkyl/alkenyl or one of the substitutents known from LC chemistry such as an α-haloalkanoic acid radical. At least one of the components A 1 , A 2  and A 3  can be heteroaromatic, and G is alkylene or alkenylene.

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 07/919,085, filed Jul. 23, 1992, now abandoned, which in turn is a continuation of application Serial No. 07/799,754, filed Nov. 27, 1991, now abandoned, which in turn is a continuation of application Ser. No. 07/522,248, filed May 11, 1990, now abandoned, with a claim of priority from German application No. P3915804.7, filed May 13, 1989; each of these predecessor U.S. and priority German applications are hereby incorporated herein by reference. This application is also a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 07/917,792, filed Jul. 20, 1992, now abandoned, as a continuation of application Ser. No. 07/804,618, filed Dec. 4, 1991, now abandoned, as a continuation of application Ser. No. 07/560,017, filed Jul. 27, 1990, now abandoned, as a continuation of application Serial No. 07/275,210, filed Nov. 23, 1988, now abandoned, with a claim of priority from German application No. P3739884.9, filed Nov. 25, 1987; and, each of these predecessor U.S. and priority German applications are hereby incorporated herein by reference. This application claims the benefits of priority under 35 U.S.C. §119 from German applications P3915804.7 and P3739884.9, filed respectively on May 13, 1989 and Nov. 25, 1987. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to cyclopropylalkyl or -alkenyl or heterocyclic compounds, processes for their preparation and their use in liquid-crystalline mixtures. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The unusual combination of anisotropic and fluid behaviour of liquid crystals has resulted in their use in a large number of electro-optical switching and display devices. In these, their electrical, magnetic, elastic and/or thermal properties can be used for changes in orientation. Optical effects can then be achieved, for example, with the aid of birefringence, the inclusion of dichroically absorbing dye molecules (&#34;guest-host mode&#34;) or light scattering. 
     In order to satisfy the constantly increasing practical requirements in the various fields of application, there is a constant demand for novel, improved liquid-crystal mixtures and thus also for a large number of mesogenic compounds of a very wide variety of structures. This applies both to the areas in which nematic LC phases (for example TN=&#34;twisted nematic&#34;, STN=&#34;supertwisted nematic&#34;, SBE=&#34;supertwisted birefringence effect&#34;, ECB=&#34;electrically controlled birefringence&#34;) are used, and in those using smectic LC phases (for example ferroelectric and electroclinic). 
     Many of the compounds which are suitable for LC mixtures can be described by a structure principle (building plan) [see, for example J. Am. Chem. Soc. 108, 4736 (1986), structure I; Science 231, 350 (1986), FIG. 1A; J. Am. Chem. Soc. 108, 5210 (1986), FIG. 3] in which nuclei of cyclic compounds--aromatics, heteroaromatics, but also saturated ring systems--are linked to alkyl side chains which are straight-chain or substituted in the chain by small groups (for example methyl or chlorine) and are thus branched. 
     Compounds which contain a terminal cyclopropyl-substituted alkyl chain as a partial structural element are described, for example, in U.S. application Nos. 3,948,961, 3,966,969 and 4,014,922 (Henrick et al.). The compounds are said to be suitable as insecticides, but a liquid-crystalline behaviour is not reported. The compounds listed in these publications differ from those defined below, in particular through the fact that they are always linked to the molecular radical via an ester function and in this molecular radical, although having aromatic ring systems, do not contain any heteroaromatic ring systems. 
     EP-A 0,244,129 relates to 2,2-dimethylcyclopropane derivatives which are optically active and are linked to one of the known mesogenic radicals via a --CO--O--CH 2  --, --O--CO-- or --CH 2  -- bridge (the cyclopropyl ring is located at the right-hand end of the particular bridging member). These compounds are said to be suitable as components for ferroelectric LC mixtures (spontaneous polarization of up to 11 nC/cm 2 ). 
     OBJECTS AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The object of the present invention is to provide novel mesogenic compounds which can be combined with many other components to form a very wide variety of LC mixtures. The compounds defined below achieve this object: 
     Liquid-crystalline cyclopropylalkyl or -alkenyl and/or heterocyclic compounds of the general formula (I) ##STR2## in which: 
     R 1  is straight-chain or branched (with or without an asymmetrical carbon atom) alkyl or alkenyl having 2 to 16 carbon atoms, it also being possible for one or two non-adjacent --Ch 2  -- groups to be replaced by --O--, --S--, --CO--, --CO--O--, --O--CO-- or --O--CO--O and it also being possible for H to be replaced by F, or one of the following radicals ##STR3## CN, OCF 3 , OCF 2 , F or CF 3  ; A 1 , A 2 , and A 3  are identical or different, unsubstituted or mono-or dihalo-substituted 1,4-phenylene, unsubstituted or 1- or 4-CN-substituted 1,4-cyclohexylene, trans-1,4-cyclohexene, pyrazine-2,5-diyl, pyridazine-3,6-diyl, pyridine-2,5-diyl, pyrimidine-2,5-diyl, or (1,3,4)-thiadiazole-2,5-diyl; 
     M 1  and M 2  are identical or different CO--O, O--CO, CO--S, S--CO, CH 2  --O, O--CH 2 , C═C, CH 2  --CH 2  or a single bond; 
     G is a straight-chain or branched alkylene having 1 to 16 carbon atoms or alkenylene having 2 to 16 carbon atoms in which it is also possible for one or two non-adjacent --CH 2  -- groups to be replaced by --O--, --S--, --O--CO--, --CO--O--, --S--CO-- or --CO--S--; 
     R 2 , R 3  and R 4  are H or straight-chain or branched alkyl having 1 to 16 carbon atoms or alkenyl having 2 to 16 carbon atoms in which it is also possible for one --CH 2  -- group to be replaced by --O--, --CO--O-- or --O--CO--; 
     k and m are zero or 1; and 
     j, l and n are zero, 1 or 2. 
     In some instances it is preferred that: a) j+l+n=2 or 3; and/or b) one of the groups A 1 , A 2  and A 3  is not 1,4-phenylene or trans-1,4-cyclohexylene; and/or c), in the case where R 2  =H, R 3  and R 4  need not simultaneously be CH 3  and G need not be CO--O--CH 2 , O--CO or OCH 2 , more preferably R 3  and R 4  are not simultaneously CH 3 . 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Preferred compounds of this type are those in which, in the general formula (I), the (--A 1 ) j  (--M 1 ) k  (--A 2 ) l  (--M 2 ) m  (--A 3 ) n  -- group denotes: ##STR4## In addition, particularly preferred compounds are those in which, in the general formula (I) , the group R 1  (--A 1 ) j  (--M 1 ) k  (--A 2 ) 1  (--M 2 ) m  (--A 3 ) n  is: ##STR5## Particularly preferred compounds of the general formula (I) are also those in which A 1 , A 2  and A 3  are identical or different, unsubstituted 1,4-phenylene, mono- or di-fluoro-substituted, 1,4-phenylene, 1,4-cyclohexylene, pyridine-2,5-diyl or pyrimidine-2,5-diyl. 
     The novel cyclopropylalkyl or -alkenyl compounds are chemically, photochemically and thermally stable and have good mixture compatibility. Compared with the corresponding n-alkyl homologs, these compounds frequently have a lower melting point; in mixtures such as LC mixtures frequently result in lower melting points; and, a lower value for the optical anisotropy Δn. 
     A further solution of the said object is a liquid-crystal mixture containing at least one liquid-crystalline compound and containing, as the liquid-crystalline compound, at least one compound of the general formula (I). 
     The liquid-crystal mixtures comprise 2 to 20, preferably 2 to 15, components, including at least one of the compounds according to the invention. The other components are preferably selected from known compounds having nematic, cholesteric and/or tilted smectic phases, including, for example, Schiff bases, biphenyls, terphenyls, phenylcyclohexanes, cyclohexylbiphenyls, pyrimidines, cinnamic acid esters, cholesterol esters and various bridged, polynuclear p-alkylbenzoic acid esters with terminal polar groups. In general, commercially available liquid-crystal mixtures exist, even before addition of the compound(s) according to the invention, as mixtures of a very wide variety of components of which at least one is mesogenic, i.e., exhibits a liquid crystal phase [=at least one enantiotropic (clear point&gt;melting point) or monotropic (clear point&lt;melting point) mesophase formation can be expected] as the compound, in derivatized form or mixed with certain cocomponents. 
     The liquid-crystal mixtures generally contain 0.01 to 70% by weight, in particular 0.05 to 50% by weight, of the compound(s) according to the invention. 
     The compounds according to the invention can be prepared by standard reactions known per se from mesogenic monofunctional reactive parent structures by linking with likewise monofunctional reactive cyclopropylalkyl compounds, where the synthesis of the two components may be regarded as known. 
     Thus, for example, mesogenic hydroxyl or mercapto compounds can be linked to cyclopropyl-alkanols in the presence of triphenylphosphine/azodicarboxylic acid diesters (Mitsunobu reaction, for example in J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 1975, 461). It is also possible to react the alkali metal salts or alkaline earth metal salts of these mesogenic hydroxyl or mercapto compounds, produced separately or intermediately, with halo-, toluenesulfonyloxy- or methylsulfonyloxy-cyclopropylalkyl compounds (Williamson reaction, for example in Patai, The Chemistry of the Ether Linkage, Interscience Publishers, N.Y. 1967, pp. 446-468). 
     However, it is also possible to react mesogenic carboxylic acids with cyclopropylalkanols under condensation conditions (for example in March, Advanced Organic Chemistry, 2nd Ed., McGraw-Hill, Kogakuska Ltd., Tokyo 1977, pp. 363-365. This is also possible in the same way using mesogenic hydroxyl or mercapto compounds and cyclopropyl-alkanoic acids. 
     The cyclopropylalkyl compounds necessary for the linkage are prepared by standard methods; in this respect, reference is made to the abovementioned publications (US-A) by Henrick et al. 
     In addition, cyclopropyl compounds can be prepared by the Simmons-Smith reaction (see, for example, in March, Advanced Organic Chemistry, pp. 793-794) from the corresponding olefins. 
     The following non-limiting Examples are given by way of illustration only and are not to be considered a limitation of this invention. 
     EXAMPLES 
     In the Examples below, parts by weight have the same relationship to parts by volume as the kilogram to the liter. 
     EXAMPLE 1 
     5-Heptyloxy-2-[4-(9-cyclopropyl-nonyl)oxy-phenyl]-pyrimidine ##STR6## 0.5 part by weight of 9-cyclopropylnonanol and 0.95 part by weight of 4-(5-heptyloxypyrimidine-2-yl)-phenol were added to a solution of 0.52 part by volume of diethyl azodicarboxylate and 0.85 part by weight of triphenylphosphine. After a reaction time of 24 hours, the solvent was removed by distillation and the residue was purified chromatographically (SiO 2  /CH 2  Cl 2 ). After recrystallization from 2-propanol, 0.52 part by weight of colorless crystals were obtained. 
     Phase sequence: C 56.4 S c  71.3 S A  83.4 N 85.1 I 
     The syntheses below were carried out in accordance with the procedure of Example 1, adjusting the quantities appropriately. 
     EXAMPLE 2 
     5-Hexyl-2-[4-(9-cyclopropyl-nonyl)oxy-phenyl]pyrimidine ##STR7## Phase sequence: C 44 N 53 I 
     EXAMPLE 3 
     5-Octyl-2 - [4-(9-cyclopropyl-nonyl)oxy-phenyl]pyrimidine ##STR8## Phase sequence: C 41.3 S c  51 S A  57.6 N 60.2 I n∥1.616 n⊥1.486 Δn=0.13 (at 45° C., 589 nm) 
     Measurement method: An important characteristic quantity for the quality of the contrast of a LC display is the optical birefringence Δn=n∥-n⊥. n∥ and n⊥ are the refractive indices for light polarized parallel or perpendicular to the director n. Both refractive indices can be determined as a function of temperature and wavelength using an Abbe refractometer. 
     EXAMPLE 4 
     5-Octyloxy-2-[4-(9-cyclopropyl-nonyl)oxy-phenyl]pyrimidine ##STR9## Phase sequence: C 69.2 S c  75.8 S A  90.2 I 
     EXAMPLE 5 
     5-Nonyl-2-[4-(9-cyclopropyl-nonyl) oxy-phenyl]pyrimidine ##STR10## Phase sequence: C 52.8 S c  56.8 S A  67.2 I 
     EXAMPLE 6 
     5-Decyl-2-[4-(9-cyclopropyl-nonyl)oxy-phenyl]pyrimidine ##STR11## Phase sequence: C 44 S c  64.9 S A  67.7 I 
     EXAMPLE 7 
     5-Undecyl-2-[4-(9-cyclopropyl-nonyl)oxy-phenyl]-pyrimidine ##STR12## Phase sequence: C 48 S c  70.2 S A  71.8 I 
     EXAMPLE 8 
     5-Undecyloxy-2-[4-(9-cyclopropyl-nonyl)oxy-phenyl]-pyrimidine ##STR13## Phase sequence: C 68 S c  95 I 
     EXAMPLE 9 
     5-Dodecyl-2-[4-(9-cyclopropyl-nonyl)oxy-phenyl]pyrimidine ##STR14## Phase sequence: C 52 S c  72.3 I 
     EXAMPLE 10 
     2 -Decylthio-5- [4-(9-cyclopropyl-nonyl)oxy-phenyl]pyrimidine ##STR15## Phase sequence: C 67.5 [38 S 2  57 S c  65] I 
     EXAMPLE 11 
     5-(9-Cyclopropyl-nonyl)oxy-2-(4-heptyloxy-phenyl)pyrimidine ##STR16## Phase sequence: C 64.7 S c  91 I 
     EXAMPLE 12 
     5-(9-Cyclopropyl-nonyl)oxy-2-(4-octyloxy-phenyl)-pyrimidine ##STR17## Phase sequence: C 63.7 S c  93.2 I 
     EXAMPLE 13 
     5-Octyl-2-[4-&lt;5-((3S)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropyl)-3methylpentyl&gt;oxy-phenyl]pyrimidine ##STR18## Phase sequence: C[-21.5 S A  16]18.5 I [α] 25   D  : -5.2 (c=5, CH 2  Cl 2 ) 
     Measurement method: If a small amount of a chiral compound is added to a (non-chiral) solvent, the plane of linear-polarized light is rotated by the (characteristic) angle α; this angle is given as follows [α] T   D  (C=x, solv.), where the symbols have the following meaning: x=concentration of the solution in g/l, solv.=solvent, D=589 nm (NaD line), T=temperature of the solution. The angle of rotation is determined in a polarimeter at a path length of 10 cm. 
     EXAMPLE 14 
     (2S,3S)-4-[5-(9-cyclopropyl-nonyl)oxy-pyrimidine-2-yl)-phenyl-2- chloro-3-methyl-pentanoate ##STR19## Phase sequence: C [38 S c  40 S A  44.3] 48.5 I [α] 25   D  =-2.0 (c=4, CH 2  Cl 2 ) 
     EXAMPLE 15 
     5-Octyl-2-[4-(6-cyclopropyl-hexyl)oxy-phenyl]pyrimidine ##STR20## Phase sequence: C 39 S c  46 S A  50 N 59.5 I 
     EXAMPLE 16 
     5-Decyl-2- [4-(6-cyclopropyl-hexyl)oxy-phenyl]pyrimidine ##STR21## Phase sequence: C 42 S c  60 S A  65 I 
     EXAMPLE 17 
     5-Heptyloxy-2-[4-(6-cyclopropyl-hexyl)oxy-phenyl]pyrimidine ##STR22## Phase sequence: C 54 S c  72 S A  78 N 88 I 
     EXAMPLE 18 
     5-Octyloxy-2-[4-(6-cyclopropyl-hexyl)oxy-phenyl]pyrimidine ##STR23## has an S c  /S A  transition at 81, an S A  /N transition at 89 and a clear point at 92° C. 
     EXAMPLE 19 
     5-(6-Cyclopropyl-hexyl)oxy-2-(4-nonyloxy-phenyl)pyrimidine ##STR24## Phase sequence: C 56.5 S c  79 S A  85 N 89.5 I 
     EXAMPLE 20 
     5-(6-Cyclopropyl-hexyl)oxy-2-(4-undecyloxy-phenyl)pyrimidine ##STR25## Phase sequence: C 57.5 S c  76.5 S A  86.7 N 87 I 
     EXAMPLE 21 
     5-(6-Cyclopropyl-hexyl)oxy-2-(4-dodecyloxy-phenyl)pyrimidine ##STR26## Phase sequence: C 61 S c  77 S A  87 I 
     EXAMPLE 22 
     trans-2-&lt;9-[4-(5-octyl-pyrimidin-2-yl)phenyloxy]nonyl&gt;-cyclopropaneethylcarboxylate ##STR27## Phase sequence: C [11 S c  36 S A]  38 I 
     EXAMPLE 23 
     5-Octyl-2-[4-(7-cyclopropyl-heptyl)oxy-phenyl]pyrimidine ##STR28## Phase sequence: C 33 S c  45.5 S A  54.6 N 58.4 I 
     EXAMPLE 24 
     5-(7-Cyclopropyl-heptyl)oxy-2-(4-nonyloxy-phenyl)pyrimidine ##STR29## Phase sequence: C 60 S c  87.9 S A  90.4 I 
     EXAMPLE 25 
     5-(7-Cyclopropyl-heptyl)oxy-2-(4-undecyloxy-phenyl)pyrimidine ##STR30## Phase sequence: C 53.4 S c  87.6 S A  90.5 I 
     EXAMPLE 26 
     5-(7-Cyclopropyl-heptyl)oxy-2-(4-dodecyloxy-phenyl)pyrimidine ##STR31## Phase sequence: C 67.4 S c  88.1 S A  90.5 I 
     EXAMPLE 27 
     5-Octyloxy-2-[4-(7-cyclopropyl-heptyl)oxy-phenyl]pyrimidine ##STR32## Phase sequence: C 60 S c  78.2 S A  90 N 90.2 I 
     EXAMPLE 28 
     2-Octylthio-5-[4-(7-cyclopropyl-heptyl)oxy-phenyl]pyrimidine ##STR33## Phase sequence: C [41 S 3  42 S c  55.5] 61.6 S A  62.2 I 
     EXAMPLE 29 
     5-Octyl-2-[4-(11-cyclopropyl-5-oxa-undecyl)oxy-phenyl]pyrimidine ##STR34## Phase sequence: C [16 S c  25.6 N 31] 40.9 I 
     EXAMPLE 30 
     5-(9-Cyclopropyl-nonyl)oxy-2-[4-(trans-4-pentyl-cyclo-hexyl)- carbonyloxy-phenyl]pyrimidine ##STR35## Phase sequence: C [76 S 2  84.3] 86.5 S c  129.2 N 179 I 
     EXAMPLE 31 
     5-(6-Cyclopropyl-5-oxa-hexyl)oxy-2-(4-nonyloxy-phenyl)pyrimidine ##STR36## Phase sequence: C [58 S c  58.4 N 72] 72.4 I 
     EXAMPLE 32 
     5-Octyl-2-[4-(6-cyclopropyl-5-oxa-hexyl)oxy-phenyl]pyrimidine ##STR37## Phase sequence: C [-4 S c  22] 28.5 N 40.2 I 
     EXAMPLE 33 
     5-(9-Cyclopropyl-nonyl)oxy-2-(4-undecyloxy-phenyl)pyrimidine ##STR38## Phase sequence: C 55 S c  94.2 I 
     EXAMPLE 34 
     5-(9-Cyclopropyl-nonyl)oxy-2-(4-dodecyloxy-phenyl)pyrimidine ##STR39## Phase sequence: C 63 S c  94.2 I 
     EXAMPLE 35 
     5-Decyl-2-[4-(7-cyclopropyl-heptyl)oxy-phenyl]pyrimidine ##STR40## Phase sequence: C 40.3 S c  61 S A  66.2 I 
     EXAMPLE 36 
     5-(7-Cyclopropyl-heptyl)oxy-2-(4-octyloxy-phenyl)pyrimidine ##STR41## Phase sequence: C 56.5 S c  89.1 S A  91.6 I 
     EXAMPLE 37 
     5-Dodecyl-2-[4-(11-cyclopropyl-undecyl)oxy-phenyl]pyrimidine ##STR42## Phase sequence: C 72 S c  95.3 I 
     EXAMPLE 38 
     5-Decyl-2-[4-(11-cyclopropyl-undecyl)oxy-phenyl]pyrimidine ##STR43## Phase sequence: C 51.7 S c  65.6 S A  67.3 I 
     EXAMPLE 39 
     5- (7-Cyclopropyl-heptyl) oxy-2-(4-hexyloxy-phenyl)pyrimidine ##STR44## Phase sequence: C 51.8 S c  86.5 S A  89.6 N 89.8 I 
     EXAMPLE 40 
     5-Octyl-2-[4(8-cyclopropyl-octyl)oxy-phenyl]pyrimidine ##STR45## Phase sequence: C 35 S c  51.5 S A  55.5 N 61.2 I 
     EXAMPLE 41 
     5- (8-Cyclopropyl-octyl)oxy-2-(4-nonyloxyphenyl)pyrimidine ##STR46## Phase sequence: C 56.2 S c  91.8 S A  93 I 
     EXAMPLE 42 
     5-(8-Cyclopropyl-octyl)oxy-2-(4-undecyloxy-phenyl)pyrimidine ##STR47## Phase sequence: C 53.6, S c  92.3 S A  93.1 I 
     EXAMPLE 43 
     5-(8-Cyclopropyl-octyl)oxy-2-(4-dodecyloxy-phenyl)pyrimidine ##STR48## Phase sequence: C 54.9 S c  92.3 S A  93 I 
     EXAMPLE 44 
     5-Octyloxy-2-[4-(8-cyclopropyl-octyl)oxy-phenyl]pyrimidine ##STR49## Phase sequence: C 51 S c  79.2 S A  91 N 91.6 I 
     EXAMPLE 45 
     2-Octylthio-5-[4-(8-cyclopropyl-octyl)oxy-phenyl]pyrimidine ##STR50## Phase sequence: C [42.2 S c  59.5 S A  62.5] 64.7 I 
     EXAMPLE 46 
     5-(8-Cyclopropyl-octyl)oxy-2-(4-hexyloxy-phenyl)pyrimidine ##STR51## Phase sequence: C 54.1 S c  88.2 S A  90.8 I 
     EXAMPLE 47 
     5-(8-Cyclopropyl-octyl)oxy-2-(4-oxtyloxy-phenyl)pyrimidine ##STR52## Phase sequence: C 56.4 S c  91.7 S A  92.9 I 
     EXAMPLE 48 
     5-(11-Cyclopropyl-undecyl)oxy-2-(4-dodecyloxy-phenyl)pyrimidine ##STR53## Phase sequence: 54.6 S c  73.8 I 
     EXAMPLE 49 
     3-(9-Cyclopropyl-nonyl)oxy-6-(4-octyloxy-phenyl)pyridazine ##STR54## Phase sequence: C [82 S c  95.7] 100 I 
     EXAMPLE 50 
     5-Decyl-2-[4-(8-cyclopropyl-octyl)oxy-phenyl]pyrimidine ##STR55## Phase sequence: C 42.3 S c  62.5 S A  67.2 I 
     EXAMPLE 51 
     5-Octyloxy-2-[4-(cyclopropylmethyl)oxy-phenyl]pyrimidine ##STR56## Phase sequence: C 59 S c  62.8 S A  72.9 N 73.6 I 
     EXAMPLE 52 
     2-(9-Cyclopropyl-nonyl)oxy-5-[4-(9-cyclopropyl-nonyl-oxy)phenyl]pyrimidine ##STR57## Phase sequence: C [79.3 S c  79.5] 89.4 I 
     EXAMPLE 53 
     2-(9-Cyclopropyl-nonyl)oxy-5-(4-decyloxyphenyl)pyrimidine ##STR58## Phase sequence: C [70 S 3  70.55 S c  84 S A  87.6] 88 I 
     EXAMPLE 54 
     4-(2-Octylthiopyrimidin-5-yl)phenyl trans-2-hexyl-cyclopropanecarboxylate ##STR59## Phase sequence: C 40.5 I 
     EXAMPLE 55 
     5-(8-Cyclopropyl-octyl)oxy-2-(4-decyloxy-phenyl)pyrimidine ##STR60## Phase sequence: C 58.5 S c  91.6 S A  92 I 
     EXAMPLE 56 
     5-(8-Cyclopropyl-octyl)oxy-2- [4-butyloxy-phenyl]pyrimidine ##STR61## Phase sequence: C 55.4 S c  81 S A  87.8 I 
     EXAMPLE 57 
     (R)-4-[2-(9-Cyclopropyl-nonyl)oxy-pyrimidin-5-yl]-phenyl 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-carboxylate ##STR62## Phase sequence: C 84 I [α] 20   D  : +5.46 (C=2, CH 2  Cl 2 ) 
     EXAMPLE 58 
     (2S, 3S)-4-[2-(9-Cyclopropyl-nonyl) oxy-pyrimidin-5-yl]-phenyl 2-chloro-3-methyl-pentanoate ##STR63## Phase sequence: C 81 I [α] 20   D  : +1.2 (C=2, CH 2  Cl 2 ) 
     EXAMPLE 59 
     5-Octyl-2-[4-(4-cyclopropyl-butyl)oxy-phenyl]pyrimidine ##STR64## Phase sequence: C [16 S c  37 S A  43.6] 45 N 56 I 
     EXAMPLE 60 
     5-Decyl-2-[4-cyclopropyl-butyl)oxy-phenyl]pyrimidine ##STR65## Phase sequence: C [47 S c  48] 64 N 88 I 
     EXAMPLE 61 
     5-(4-Cyclopropyl-butyl)oxy-2-(4-hexyloxy-phenyl)pyrimidine ##STR66## Phase sequence: C [47 S c  48] 64 N 88 I 
     EXAMPLE 62 
     5-Octyl-2-[4-(5-cyclopropyl-pentyl)oxy-phenyl]pyrimidine ##STR67## Phase sequence: C [18 S c  34] 38 S A  51 N 54 I 
     EXAMPLE 63 
     5-Decyl-2-[4-(5-cyclopropyl-pentyl)oxy-phenyl]pyrimidine ##STR68## Phase sequence: C 48 S c  53 S A  62 I 
     EXAMPLE 64 
     5-(5-Cyclopropyl-pentyl)oxy-2-(4-hexyloxy-phenyl)pyrimidine ##STR69## Phase sequence: C 53 S c  73 S A  75 N 86 I 
     EXAMPLE 65 
     5-(7-Cyclopropyl-heptyl)oxy-2-(4-decyloxy-phenyl)pyrimidine ##STR70## Phase sequence: C 55.7 S c  90 S A  92.5 I 
     EXAMPLE 66 
     4-(5-Octyl-pyrimidin-2-yl)phenyl trans-2-hexyl-cyclo-propylcarboxylate ##STR71## Phase sequence: C 44 I 
     EXAMPLE 67 
     4- [2-(9-cyclopropylnonyl)oxy-pyrimidin-5-yl]phenyl (2R,3R)-3-propyl-oxirane-2-carboxylate ##STR72## Phase sequence: C 75 I [α] 20   D  : -9.6 (C=2, CH 2  Cl 2 ) 
     EXAMPLE 68 
     4-[2-(9-Cyclopropylnonyloxy)-pyrimidin-5-yl]phenyl (2S)-2-fluoro-3-methyl-butanoate ##STR73## Phase sequence: X [63 S A  64] 78 I [α] 20   D  : -1.0 (C=2, CH 2  Cl 2 ) 
     EXAMPLE 69 
     2-(4-Hexyloxy-phenyl)-5-[4-(6-cyclopropyl-hexyloxy)-phenyl]pyrimidine ##STR74## Phase sequence: X [77 S 4  103]110 S 3  129 S c  189 S A  198 I 
     EXAMPLE 70 
     5-(4-Cyclopropyl-butyloxy)-2-[4-(5-oxa-nonyloxy)phenyl]pyrimidine ##STR75## Phase sequence: C 42 S c  45 S A  47 N 64 I 
     EXAMPLE 71 
     5-(5-Cyclopropyl-pentyloxy)-2-[4-(5-oxa-nonyloxy)phenyl]pyrimidine ##STR76## Phase sequence: X 39 S c  63 S A  65 N 67 I 
     EXAMPLE 72 
     5-(6-Cyclopropyl-hexyloxy)-2-[4-(5-oxa-nonyloxy)phenyl]pyrimidine ##STR77## Phase sequence: X 46 S c  66 S A  67 N 69 I 
     EXAMPLE 73 
     5-(7-Cyclopropyl-heptyloxy)-2-[4-(5-oxa-nonyloxy)phenyl]pyrimidine ##STR78## Phase sequence: C 43 S c  73 I 
     EXAMPLE 74 
     5-Cyclopropylmethyloxy-2-(4-octyloxyphenyl)pyrimidine ##STR79## Phase sequence: C 63 N 64 I 
     EXAMPLE 75 
     5-Octyl-2-[4-(6-cyclopropyl-hexyloxy)phenyl]pyrimidine ##STR80## Phase sequence: C 37 S c  46 S A  50 N 59 I 
     EXAMPLE 76 
     5-Octyloxy-2-[4-(6-cyclopropyl-hexyloxy)phenyl ]pyrimidine ##STR81## Phase sequence: C 56 S c  80 S A  88 N 91 I 
     EXAMPLE 77 
     5-(6-Cyclopropyl-hexyloxy)-2-(4-octyloxyphenyl)pyrimidine ##STR82## Phase sequence: C 56 S c  78 S A  84 N 89 I 
     EXAMPLE 78 
     2-[4-(7-Cyclopropyl-heptyloxy)phenyl]-5-octyl-pyridine ##STR83## Phase sequence: C 49 S 2  63 S c  72 I 
     EXAMPLE 79 
     2-[4-(11-Cyclopropyl-undecyloxy)phenyl]-5-octyl-pyridine ##STR84## Phase sequence: C 57 S 2  63 S c  72 I 
     EXAMPLE 80 
     2-(trans-4-Pentyl-cyclohexyl)-5-[4-(11-cyclopropyl-undecyloxy)phenyl]-1,3,4-thiadiazole ##STR85## Phase sequence: C 111 S c  113 S A  156 N 157 I 
     EXAMPLE 81 
     4-(5-Octyl-pyrimidin-2-yl)phenyl 7-cyclopropyl-heptanoate ##STR86## Phase sequence: C [36 S c  40.5 S A  44 N 46] 51 I 
     EXAMPLE 82 
     4-(5-Decyl-pyrimidin-2-yl)phenyl 7-cyclopropyl-heptanoate ##STR87## Phase sequence: C 48 S c  57 I 
     EXAMPLE 83 
     4-(5-Octyloxy-pyrimidin-2-yl)phenyl 7-cyclopropyl-heptanoate ##STR88## Phase sequence: C 62 S c  77 S A  84 N 84.3 I 
     EXAMPLE 84 
     A mixture comprising 55 mol-%of the compound of Example 6 and 45 mol-%of the compound of Example 3 exhibited the phase sequence C 31 S c  58 S A  64 I. 
     EXAMPLE 85 
     A mixture comprising 67 mol-% of the compound of Example 6 and 33 mol-% of the compound of Example 11 exhibited the phase sequence C 35 S c  74 S A  78 I. 
     EXAMPLE 86 
     A mixture comprising 20 mol-% of the compound of Example 6, 25.15 mol-% of (the mixture components, each of which is known) 5-octyloxy-2-(4-decyloxy-phenyl)-pyrimidine, 11 mol-% of 4-octyloxy-2-(4-octyloxy-phenyl)pyrimidine, 20 mol-% of 5-octyloxy- 2-(4-hexyloxy-phenyl)pyrimidine and 23.85 mol-% of 5- octyloxy-2-(4-butyloxy-phenyl)pyrimidine exhibited the phase sequence C 11.5 S c  72 S A  88 N 90 I. 
     EXAMPLE 87 
     A mixture comprising 60 mol-% of the compound of Example 56 and 40 mol-% of the compound of Example 55 exhibited the phase sequence C 34 S c  82 S A  90 I. 
     EXAMPLE 88 
     A mixture comprising 62 mol-% of the compound of Example 43 and 38 mol-% of the compound of Example 37 exhibited the phase sequence C 48 S c  93 I. 
     EXAMPLE 89 
     A mixture comprising 57 mol-% of the compound of Example 43 and 43 mol-% of the compound of Example 65 exhibited the phase sequence C 36 S c  90 S A  92 I. 
     EXAMPLE 90 
     A mixture comprising 60 mol-% of the compound of Example 27 and 40 mol-% of the compound of Example 47 exhibited the phase sequence C 33 S c  85 S A  91 I. 
     EXAMPLE 91 
     A mixture comprising 45 mol-% of the compound of Example 24 and 55 mol-% of the compound of Example 71 exhibited the phase sequence C 25 S c  70 S A  77 N 79 I. 
     EXAMPLE 92 
     A mixture comprising 30 mol-% of the compound of Example 65 and 70 mol-% of the compound of Example 71 exhibited the phase sequence C 25 S c  70 S A  73 N 75 I. 
     EXAMPLE 93 
     A mixture comprising 40 mol-% of the compound of Example 76 and 60 mol-% of the compound of Example 56 exhibited the phase sequence C 35 S c  81 S A  90 I. 
     EXAMPLE 94 
     A mixture comprising 65 mol-% of the compound of Example 71 and 35 mol-% of the compound of Example 56 exhibited the phase sequence C 17 S c  69 S A  73 N 74 I. 
     Compared with a comparison mixture (binary mixture containing compounds of comparable chain lengths without a cyclopropyl radical) comprising 40 mol-% of 5-octyloxy-2-(4- octyloxy-phenyl)pyrimidine and 60 mol-% of 5-octyloxy-2-(4- hexyloxy-phenyl)pyrimidine which had the phase sequence C 39 S c  90 S A  98 N 100 I, Examples 93 and 94 had both a lower melting point and a greater melting point depression. 
     EXAMPLE 95 
     A mixture comprising 50 mol-% of 5-dodecyloxy-2-(4octyloxyphenyl)pyrimidine and 50 mol-% of the compound of Example 24 had the phase sequence C 33 S c  96 I. Compared with the comparison mixtures (binary mixtures of comparable chain lengths without a cyclopropyl radical) comprising 39 mol-% of 5-decyloxy- 2-(4-octyloxy-phenyl)pyrimidine and 61 mol-% of 5-octyloxy-2-(4-decyloxyphenyl)pyrimidine which had the phase sequence C 39 S c  94 S A  100 I or comprising 60 mol-% of 5-octyloxy-2-(4-decyloxyphenyl)pyrimidine and 40 mol-% of 5-octyloxy-2-(4-dodecyloxyphenyl)pyrimidine which had the phase sequence C 40 S c  86 S A  97 I, the mixture according to the invention has both a lower melting point and a greater melting point depression. 
     EXAMPLE 96 
     A mixture comprising: 
     30 mol-% of 5-octyloxy-2-(4-ethyloxy-phenyl)pyrimidine 6 mol-% of 5-dodecyloxy-2-(4-butyloxy-phenyl)pyrimidine 15 mol-% of the compound of Example 24 19 mol-% of the compound of Example 71 20 mol-% of the compound of Example 56 10 mol-% of the compound of Example 43 had the phase sequence C 8 S c  68 S A  85 N 87. 
     EXAMPLE 97 
     A ferroelectric multicomponent mixture containing 10 mol-% of the compound of Example 62 in .sup.(R) Felix 001*) had the phase sequence C -5 S c  72 S A  *78 N* 93 I. 
     *) (C. Escher, H. R. Dubal, W. Hemmerling, I. Muller, D. Ohlendorf and R. Wingen, presented at &#34;1st International Symposium on Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals, Arcachon, BOrdeaux-France, Sep. 21-23, 1987&#34;, commercially available mixture from Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft having the phase sequence C-7 S c  *79 S A  * 83 N* 99 I) 
     The mixture can readily be oriented by conventional methods and is bistable. At 25° C., the mixture exhibited a spontaneous polarization of -5.8 nC/cm 2  and had the following switching times: 
     τ0-90=212 μs 
     τ10-90=90 μs 
     The viscosity of the mixture was 65 mPas and the double effective tilt angle was 18°. 
     EXAMPLE 98 
     A ferroelectric mixture comprising: 
     85.5 mol-% of the mixture from Example 96, 9.5 mol-% of 4-(5-decyl-pyrimidin-2-yl)phenyl trans-4-pentyl-cyclohexanecarboxylate and 5 mol-% of 4-[2-((S)-7-methyl-nonyloxy)pyrimidin-5-yl]-phenyl (2S, 3S)-2-chloro-3-methyl-pentanoate had the phase sequence C 5 S c  * 72 S A  * 83 N* 88 I. 
     The mixture can readily be oriented by conventional methods and is bistable. At 25° C., the mixture exhibited a spontaneous polarization of -8.2 nC/cm 2  and had the following switching times: 
     τ0-90=139 μs 
     τ10-90=66 μs 
     The viscosity of the mixture was 280 mPas and the double effective tilt angle was 17°. 
     EXAMPLE 99 ##STR89## 
     4-(5-octylpyrimidin-2-yl)phenyl 4-(6-cyclopropyl-hexyloxy)-2,3-difluorobenzoate 
     Preparation of 4-(6-cyclopropylhexyloxy)-2,3-difluoro-benzoic acid: 
     3.9 g of NaH (60% in oil) and 20 g of 6-cyclopropyl-hexanol were added to a solution of 8.5 g of difluoro-phenol in 100 ml of DMF. After a reaction time of 24 hours at room temperature, the solution was poured onto ice and extracted with CH 2  Cl 2 . After drying (Na 2  SO 4 ) and removal of the solvent by distillation, 16.5 g of 6-cyclopropylhexyloxy-2,3-difluorobenzene were obtained as a colorless oil. 
     30 ml of butyllithium (1.6M in hexane) were added dropwise at -60° C. to a solution of 11.7 g of 6-cyclopropylhexyloxy-2,3-difluorobenzene in 70 ml of THF. After 5 hours at -60° C., CO 2  was passed in until saturation was complete. The solution was warmed to RT, the solvent was removed by distillation, 400 ml of H 2  O were added, and the mixture was acidified to pH 3 using acetic acid. The precipitate was filtered off with suction. 12.3 g of 4-(6-cyclopropylhexyloxy)-2,3-difluorobenzoic acid were obtained. Melting point 100°-108° C. 
     The following were obtained analogously: 
     4-(4-cyclopropylbutyloxy)-2,3-difluorobenzoic acid 
     4-(8-cyclopropyloctyloxy)-2,3-difluorobenzoic acid 
     1.2 g of 4-(6-cyclopropylhexyloxy)-2,3-difluorobenzoic acid were added to a solution of 0.84 g of dicyclohexyl-carbodiimide, 50 mg of dimethylaminopyridine and 1.15 g of 4-(5-octylpyrimidin-2-yl)phenol in 50 ml of methylene chloride. After a reaction time of 24 hours, the precipitate (dicyclohexylurea) was filtered off with suction. The filtrate was freed from solvent and chromatographed (SiO 2 , CH 2  Cl 2 ). 
     Recrystallization from hexane gave 1.1 g of 4-(5-octyl-pyrimidin-2-yl)phenyl 4-(6-cyclopropylhexyloxy)-2,3-difluorobenzoate. ##STR90## The following were obtained analogously: 
     EXAMPLE 100 ##STR91## 
     4-(5-octyloxypyrimidin-2-yl)phenyl 4-(6-cyclopropylhexyloxy)-2,3-difluorobenzoate ##STR92## 
     EXAMPLE 101 ##STR93## 
     4-(5-dodecylpyrimidin-2-yl)phenyl 4-(6-cyclopropyl-hexyloxy)-2,3-difluorobenzoate ##STR94## 
     EXAMPLE 102 ##STR95## 
     4-(2-octyloxypyrimidin-5-yl)phenyl 4-(6-cyclopropyl-hexyloxy)-2,3-difluorobenzoate ##STR96## 
     EXAMPLE 103 ##STR97## 
     2-(4-octyloxyphenyl)pyrimidin-5-yl 4-(6-cyclopropyl-hexyloxy)-2,3-difluorobenzoate ##STR98## 
     EXAMPLE 104 ##STR99## 
     2-(4-dodecyloxyphenyl)pyrimidin-5-yl 4-(6-cyclopropyl-hexyloxy)-2,3-difluorobenzoate ##STR100## 
     EXAMPLE 105 ##STR101## 
     2-(4-octyloxyphenyl)pyrimidin-5-yl 4-(6-cyclopropyl-hexyloxy)-2,3-difluorobenzoate ##STR102## 
     EXAMPLE 106 ##STR103## 
     (4-octyloxy)phenyl 4-(6-cyclopropylhexyloxy)-2,3-difluorobenzoate ##STR104## Comparison example ##STR105## 
     (4-octyloxy)phenyl 4-octyloxy-2,3-difluorobenzoate ##STR106## 
     Comparison of the substance from Example 106 according to the invention with the compound mentioned shows that the compound according to the invention had a lower melting point. 
     Replacement of the ethyl group by a cyclopropyl group reduced the melting point by about 1 degree. 
     EXAMPLE 107 ##STR107## 
     4-(5-octylpyrimidin-2-yl)phenyl 4-(6-cyclopropyl-hexyloxy)-2,3-difluorobenzoate ##STR108## 
     EXAMPLE 108 ##STR109## 
     4-(5-octyloxypyrimidin-2-yl)phenyl 4-(6-cyclopropyl-hexyloxy)-2,3-difluorobenzoate ##STR110## 
     EXAMPLE 109 ##STR111## 
     4-(5-octyloxyphenyl)pyrimidin-5-yl 4-(8-cyclopropyl-octyloxy)-2,3-difluorobenzoate ##STR112## 
     EXAMPLE 110 ##STR113## 
     4-(5-dodecylpyrimidin-2-yl)phenyl 4-(8-cyclopropyl-octyloxy)-2,3-difluorobenzoate ##STR114## 
     EXAMPLE 111 ##STR115## 
     4-(2-octyloxypyrimidin-5-yl)phenyl 4-(8-cyclopropyl-octyloxy)-2,3-difluorobenzoate ##STR116## 
     EXAMPLE 112 ##STR117## 
     4-(2-octylthiopyrimidin-5-yl)phenyl 4-(8-cyclopropyl-octyloxy)-2,3-difluorobenzoate ##STR118## 
     EXAMPLE 113 ##STR119## 
     (4-octyloxy)phenyl 4-(8-cyclopropyloctyloxy)-2,3-difluorobenzoate ##STR120## 
     Comparison Example ##STR121## 
     (4-decyloxy)phenyl 4-octyloxy-2,3-difluorobenzoate ##STR122## The compound from Example 113 according to the invention had a melting point which was lower by about 5 degrees than that of the comparison compound. Replacement of an ethyl group by a cyclopropyl group resulted in this lowering of the melting point which is favorable for practical applications. 
     EXAMPLE 114 ##STR123## 
     4-(4-octyloxybenzoyloxy)phenyl 4-(8-cyclopropyloctyloxy)-2,3-difluorobenzoate ##STR124## 
     EXAMPLE 115 ##STR125## 
     4-(5-octyloxypyrimidin-2-yl)phenyl 4-(4-cyclopropyl-butyloxy)-2,3-difluorobenzoate ##STR126## 
     EXAMPLE 116 ##STR127## 
     4-(5-octyloxypyrimidin-2-yl)phenyl 4-(4-cyclopropyl-butyloxy)-2,3-difluorobenzoate ##STR128## 
     EXAMPLE 117 ##STR129## 
     4-(5-dodecylpyrimidin-2-yl)phenyl 4-(4-cyclopropyl-butyloxy)-2,3-difluorobenzoate ##STR130## 
     EXAMPLE 118 ##STR131## 
     2- (4-octyloxyphenyl)pyrimidin-5-yl 4-(4-cyclopropyl-butyloxy)-2,3-difluorobenzoate ##STR132## 
     EXAMPLE 119 ##STR133## 
     4- (2-octyloxypyrimidin-5-yl)phenyl 4-(4-cyclopropyl-butyloxy)-2,3-difluorobenzoate ##STR134## 
     EXAMPLE 120 ##STR135## 
     4-(2-octylthiopyrimidin-5-yl)phenyl 4-(4-cyclopropyl-butyloxy)-2,3-difluorobenzoate ##STR136## 
     EXAMPLE 121 ##STR137## 
     4-(5-octylpyridin-2-yl)phenyl 4-(4-cyclopropylbutyloxy)-2,3-difluorobenzoate ##STR138## 
     EXAMPLE 122 ##STR139## 
     4-(5-octylpyrimidin-2-yl)phenyl 4-(8-cyclopropyl-octyloxy)-2,3-difluorobenzoate ##STR140## 
     EXAMPLE 123 ##STR141## 
     4-(5-octyloxypyrimidin-2-yl)phenyl 4-(8-cyclopropyl-octyloxy)-2,3-difluorobenzoate ##STR142## 
     EXAMPLE 124 ##STR143## 
     2-(4-octyloxyphenyl)pyrimidin-5-yl 4-(8-cyclopropyl-octyloxy)-2,3-difluorobenzoate ##STR144## 
     EXAMPLE 125 ##STR145## 
     9-cyclopropylnonyl 4-(4-octyloxybenzoyloxy)phenyl ether ##STR146## 
     EXAMPLE 126 ##STR147## 
     9-Cyclopropylnonyl 4-(4-octyloxybenzyloxy)benzoate ##STR148## 
     EXAMPLE 127 ##STR149## 
     7-Cyclopropylheptyloxy [4&#39;-(4-octyloxybenzoyloxy)biphenyl-4-yl] ##STR150## 
     EXAMPLE 128 ##STR151## 
     4,4&#39;-Bis(7-cyclopropylheptyloxy)-1,1&#39;-biphenyl ##STR152## 
     EXAMPLE 129 ##STR153## 
     trans-4-(cyclopropylmethyl)oxycyclohexyl-trans-4-propyl-cyclohexane ##STR154## Extrapolated clear point ˜5° C. 
     EXAMPLE 130 ##STR155## 
     trans-4-(4-cyclopropylbutyl)oxycyclohexyl-trans-4-propyl-cyclohexane ##STR156## Extrapolated clear point ˜5° C. 
     EXAMPLE 131 ##STR157## 
     5-Cyclooropylmethyloxy-2-(4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl)pyrimidine ##STR158## The clear point extrapolated from a mixture is 5° C. 
     EXAMPLE 132 ##STR159## 
     5-(4-Cyclopropylbutyl)oxy-2-(4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl)pyrimidine ##STR160## The clear point extrapolated from a mixtures is 25° C. 
     EXAMPLE 133 
     A binary mixture comprising: 
     65 mol-% of (4-hexyloxy)phenyl 4-octyloxybenzoate and 35 mol-% of (4-octyloxy)phenyl 4-(8-cyclopropyloctyloxy)-2,3-difluorobenzoate (Example 113) exhibited the following phase sequence: 
     
         ______________________________________Phases: X 34 S.sub.c 63 N 76 IComparison mixture:(4-Hexyloxy)phenyl 4-octyloxybenzoate                  65 mol %(4-octyloxy)phenyl 4-decyloxy-2,3-                  35 mol %difluorobenzoatePhases: X 37 S.sub.c 69 N 81 I______________________________________ 
    
     Comparison of the mixture shows that the mixture according to the invention had a melting point which was lower than that of the comparison mixture. The cyclopropyl component is therefore particularly suitable for practical application. 
     Having thus described in detail preferred embodiments of the present invention, it is to be understood that the invention defined by the appended claims is not to be limited by particular details set forth in the above description as many apparent variations thereof are possible without departing from the spirit or scope thereof.