Abstract:
A cosmetic product with demonstrated DNA-repair properties, which has a mixture of liposomes that incorporate as active ingredients different DNA-repair enzymes and a combination of amino acids and zinc salt in addition to other components for cosmetic use.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0001]    1. Field of the Invention 
         [0002]    The proposed invention relates to a novel cosmetic product with DNA-repair properties for DNA which has suffered damage after exposure of the skin to UV radiation and which has an application in the sector of beauty, cosmetic and dermatology centers. 
         [0003]    2. Description of Related Art 
         [0004]    Different preparations for repairing DNA are known hitherto that include active ingredients of various types, but there are no known preparations that include phospholipid unilamellar liposomes with active ingredients such as amino acids, zinc salts and DNA-repair enzymes. 
         [0005]    The closest document known in the state of the art is the patent EP0707844, in which a product for repairing cellular DNA after exposure to UV radiation is described, where the active ingredients are vitamin and polypeptide complexes, tyrosine or the derivatives thereof, glycoproteins with copper metal ions, zinc or magnesium and DNA-repair enzymes. 
         [0006]    The product described in this patent uses derivatives of tyrosine, vitamins in a protein and forskolin complex, unlike the product described in the present specification, in addition to incorporating a photolyase. 
         [0007]    Furthermore, various active ingredients are encapsulated in the same liposome unlike the invention described here in which each active ingredient is separately encapsulated in the liposomes which provides greater stability to each one of the liposomes and thus to the final product. 
         [0008]    There is no product known for repairing cellular DNA after exposure to UV radiation having the characteristics of the present invention. 
         [0009]    The phosphatidylcholine used in the formulation of the liposome is a lecithin with &gt;94% purity while the lecithin in the cited patent has a purity of &gt;25%. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0010]    The product proposed by the invention consists of a liposome preparation in which the liposomes incorporate, as active ingredients, a mixture of the amino acids: arginine, glycine, proline, phenylalanine, cysteine, serine, tyrosine, glutamine, methionine, together with zinc salts (chloride, gluconate, chlorohydrate, etc), in addition to other repair enzymes such as Arabidopsis thaliana, plankton extract, bifida ferment lysate, micrococcus lysate, etc. 
         [0011]    Due to the metabolic pathways thereof, we can justify incorporating the following amino acids in the invention, in spite of them not being in the formula:
       Serine: it is a cysteine and glycine precursor.   Tyrosine: the precursor thereof is phenylalanine. It is obtained by hydroxylating phenylalanine.   Methionine: intermediate product of cysteine synthesis. Cysteine obtains the atom of methionine sulfur.   Glutamine: it is synthetized by way of the chemical reaction between glutamine and the ammonium ion and glutamine can be converted into glutamate and proline is formed from the pentacarbonated chain of glutamic acid.       
 
         [0016]    The exposure of the skin to UV radiation from the sun causes damage to the DNA of the skin cells. This damage can be measured, amongst other ways, by the thymine or cytosine dimers which are produced in the chain of cellular DNA. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING 
         [0017]      FIG. 1  shows a diagram of the effect of UV radiation on the DNA chains and the formation thymine dimers between two bases of the same DNA helix. 
           [0018]      FIG. 2  presents a diagram of the damage caused to the DNA with respect to the control at time 0 and at 15 minutes. This test is carried out with UNTREATED samples, where the damage to the DNA (time=0) increases, but the cell uses its own endogenic mechanisms to repair this damage and at 15′ the TD levels are similar to the control. 
           [0019]      FIG. 3  shows the variation of the expression of histone H2Ax and the thymine dimer levels with respect to the control at time 0 and at 15 minutes. Although we know that the phosphorylated H2Ax acts as a decoy for the enzymatic compounds for repairing DNA. The results at t=0 and t 15′ are not statistically significant. 
           [0020]      FIG. 4  depicts the variation of the cells in the phases of the cellular cycle G0-G1, G2-M and S at time 0 and at 15 minutes. The treatments DO NOT induce statistically significant changes in the cell distribution in the phases of the cellular cycle which can affect the results. 
           [0021]      FIG. 5  shows the TD levels, in the control case, it includes the base cream without the active ingredients, E: includes base cream with repair enzymes, Z: base cream with amino acids and Zn salt and E+Z: base cream with repair enzymes+amino acids+Zn salt. The combination of E+Z reduces the presence of TD by 36% with respect to the control. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0022]    As a preferred embodiment, a liposome cosmetic product is proposed which presents different cosmetic forms such as a solution, serum, emulsion, suspension etc. in which the different components can be found in one of the cases in the following proportions of active ingredient and liposomes. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
               
                 CLINICAL TRIALS 
               
             
          
           
               
                 INCI COMPONENT 
                 % total 
                 % of liposomes 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 WATER 
                 70-80 
                   
               
               
                 GLYCERIN 
                 4-5 
               
               
                 LECITHIN 
                 4-5 
               
               
                 ALCOHOL 
                 3-4 
               
               
                 HYDROGENATED 
                 2-3 
               
               
                 CASTOR OIL PEG 40 
               
               
                 CYCLOPENTASILOXANE 
                 2-3 
               
               
                 POLYSORBATE 20 
                 1 
               
               
                 PHENOXYETHANOL 
                 &lt;1 
               
               
                 SODIUM COLLATE 
                 &lt;0.5 
               
               
                 CITRONELLYL 
                 &lt;0.5 
               
               
                 METHYLCROTONATE 
               
               
                 PERFUME 
                 &lt;0.5 
               
               
                 TOCOPHERYL ACETATE 
                 &lt;0.5 
               
               
                 ARGININE 
                 &lt;0.5 
                 ARGININE 6-7% 
               
               
                 DIMETHICONE 
                 &lt;0.5 
               
               
                 ETHYLHEXYLGLYCERIN 
                 &lt;0.5 
               
               
                 POLYSILICONE-11 
                 &lt;0.5 
               
               
                 GLYCINE 
                 &lt;0.5 
                 GLYCINE 5-7% 
               
               
                 PROLINE 
                 &lt;0.5 
                 PROLINE 5-7% 
               
               
                 BUTYLENE GLYCOL 
                 &lt;0.5 
               
               
                 LACTIC ACID 
                 &lt;0.5 
               
               
                 EDTA DISODIUM 
                 &lt;0.1 
               
               
                 SODIUM CHLORIDE 
                 &lt;0.1 
               
               
                 BIFIDA FERMENT LYSATE 
                 &lt;0.1 
                 BIFIDA ENZYMES 7-8% 
               
               
                 CAPRYLIC/CAPRIC 
                 &lt;0.1 
               
               
                 TRIGLYCERIDE 
               
               
                 PHENYLALANINE 
                 &lt;0.1 
                 PHENYLALANINE 5-7% 
               
               
                 CYSTEINE 
                 &lt;0.1 
                 CYSTEINE 5-7% 
               
               
                 
                   ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA 
                 
                 &lt;0.1 
                   ARABIDOPSIS  10-12% 
               
               
                 EXTRACT 
               
               
                   MICROCOCCUS  LYSATE 
                 &lt;0.1 
                   MICROCOCCUS  10-12% 
               
               
                 SODIUM HYDROXIDE 
                 &lt;0.1 
               
               
                 PLANKTON EXTRACT 
                 &lt;0.1 
                 PLANKTON 6-7% 
               
               
                 DECYL GLUCOSIDE 
                 &lt;0.1 
               
               
                 ZINC CHLORIDE 
                 &lt;0.1 
                 ZINC 10-12% 
               
               
                 TEPRENONE 
                 &lt;0.1 
                 TEPRENONE 7-8% 
               
               
                 HYDROCHLORIC ACID 
                 &lt;0.1 
               
               
                 CAPRYLYL GLYCOL 
                 &lt;0.1 
               
               
                 HEXYLENE GLYCOL 
                 &lt;0.1 
               
               
                   
                 100,0000 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0023]    In order to determine the efficacy of the product proposed by the invention trials are carried out in which three cosmetic preparations E, Z and E+Z are used. The trial is carried out in vitro on 4-day-old fish embryos in the eleutheroembryo stage. 
         [0024]    Of the three products used in the study, product E contains a mixture of liposomes with repair enzymes ( Arabidopsis thaliana , plankton extract,  bifida  ferment lysate,  micrococcus  lysate), product Z contains a mixture of liposomes with amino acids (arginine, glycine, proline, phenylalanine, cysteine) and zinc chloride and product E+Z contains the mixture of liposomes with all the repair enzymes cited in product E, plus the AA and Zn from product Z. 
         [0025]    Firstly, the possible toxicity of the samples and the treatment time to be used in the trials were analyzed. 
         [0026]    Control samples are prepared without irradiation, irradiated without treatment and irradiated and treated after the irradiation. The products are applied to the embryos before and after the irradiation in order to detect the possible repair of the DNA after inducing the damage. 
         [0027]    To this end, an analysis of the presence of thymine dimers is carried out since UV radiation induces the formation of pyrimidine dimers in the DNA which can be detected by specific antibodies for these dimers (either thymine or cytosine). Using a specific antibody, we will quantify the quantity of thymine dimers induced by the UV radiation (see  FIG. 1 ). 
         [0028]    The samples are fixed and processed for the analysis thereof by flow cytometry which is carried out in the following manner: 
         [0029]    The embryos are broken up with an enzymatic treatment with trypsin to separate the cells without damaging them. They are fixed with paraformaldehyde and are stained with the antibody for thymine dimers (TD) and for the compound to stain DNA (Hoescht) and calculate the quantity thereof. Based on the quantity of DNA, the phases of the cellular cycle in which the cells are located are determined. 
         [0030]    After treating the samples with the creams, they are exposed to UV radiation and the cellular damage is analyzed based on the presence of thymine dimers induced by UV, the activation of the histone H2Ax and alterations in the cellular cycle. 
         [0031]    After exposure to UV radiation, the damage to the DNA increases (time=0) with respect to the untreated samples (C). The cell uses its own mechanisms for repairing this damage (34%) and at 15 min (t=15), the TD levels are similar to the control (see  FIG. 2 ). 
         [0032]    After exposure to the UV radiation, the expression of H2AX (time=0) and at t=15 increases, it is observed that the H2AX levels reduce similar to how the TD levels do so at t=15, indicating a correlation between the expression of H2AX and the presence of TD. However, due to the high variability detected in the control, the reduction is not statistically significant (see  FIG. 3 ). 
         [0033]    The G0-G1 phase is the rest stage of the cell or preparation to enter into division. The G2-M phase is the separation of chromatids and cellular division (mitosis). The S phase is the synthesis of DNA. E+Z seems to slightly increase the G2-M phase, but the difference is not significant (see  FIG. 4 ). 
         [0034]    The combination of E+Z reduces the presence of thymine dimers by 36±14% (22-50%) with respect to the control. 
         [0035]    The control cream (empty) is the same for E, Z, and E+Z, but without these components. The samples are treated with the creams, irradiated and are analyzed, taking as a reference (C) the quantity of TD detected in the sample treated with the “empty” cream (see  FIG. 5 ). 
         [0036]    Lastly, the trial carried out to verify the activation of the action mechanisms which causes said repair should be pointed out. We select 2 proteins, P53 and P21, both are involved in this action mechanism and are activated by UV radiation. 
         [0037]    The experiment is carried out twice, using 10 embryos, with a control group, without treatment with cream, of which half are treated with UV radiation for 15′ and the other half are not. And the treated group where the cream is applied for 1 h. 
         [0038]    After the qPCR analysis, the results are: after irradiation with UV light, the embryos treated with E+Z increase the genetic expression of P53 by 46%. In the same way, the treatment with E+Z increases the expression of P21 at 15′ of irradiation by 130%. 
         [0039]    With the nature of the present invention sufficiently described, all that remains to be added is that said invention may undergo certain variations in terms of components and percentages, provided said alterations do not substantially vary the characteristics which are claimed below.