Abstract:
A masonry method for adhering together first and second structures includes loading a dry adhesive into a bag and sealing the bag closed. After transport to a jobsite, a portion of a tip of the bag is cut to provide an orifice in preparation to apply the adhesive. Liquid is introduced into the bag through the orifice and the liquid and the dry adhesive are mixed within the bag to produce hydrated adhesive. The hydrated adhesive is squeezed from an orifice though the bag onto a surface of a selected one of the first and second structures.

Description:
FIELD OF INVENTION 
       [0001]    The present invention relates in general to masonry, masonry practices, and a process of preparing and applying the material needed for bonding together pieces of masonry such as blocks, bricks, pavers and other masonry elements. 
       BACKGROUND OF INVENTION 
       [0002]    Masonry mortar has been used to bond together wall components since ancient times. The building practice has traditionally proceeded with application of an adhesive—the most common being cement, sand and water mortar—over a surface of a masonry piece, such as block, in order to join pieces together. Current concrete block building practices need around 40% of block weight—around 15 pounds per unit—as additional materials (e.g. cement, sand, water) to adhere the pieces together. 
         [0003]    This substantial amount of material must be jobsite prepared to assure adherence and workability. Raw materials must be stored and kept safe of deteriorating agents such as water acting on cement. Sand is usually kept as bulk and usually fed with a shovel to a mechanical mixer. Masonry or Portland cement and water must be added to the mixer. Cement is usually handled in paper bags that will be opened, fed to the mixer and be ready to be disposed. Clean, fresh water must be transported to the jobsite in a substantial amount—around 2.8 lbs per piece of block—and must be transported and fed into the mixer. Once the material is hydrated and mixed, it must be transported to the mason who is in charge of applying it on the wall, this is done with the aid of a wheelbarrow and a bucket or similar container. Usually this fresh mortar is transferred with a shovel to a series of mortar trays along the wall to be ready and close to the mason as he advancing along the wall laying a line of blocks. Application of the material over the piece is most often done with a hand trowel. An amount of material is placed over the upper and vertical sides of the piece and in the process of leveling a substantial amount of excess material is squeezed out and in of the joint and most of the times this material is wasted. Excess material which drops at the base of the wall must be collected and handled out of the jobsite as scrap. After completion, all tools and accessories used in the process must be cleaned, all mortar crusts scrapped from all surfaces that went into contact with the mortar, and this activity must be done preferably the same day while the material is still soft. 
         [0004]    The required overall effort, tools, time consumed and waste represent an important part of the whole wall building processes cost and time. Many professional construction contractors must deal on their daily activities with the inherent complexity of the process that has been described. However, there is another important group that must deal with this complexity with far less knowledge and professional tools that are required. The Do-It-Yourself consumers are engulfed with mainly the same complexities, tools and cleaning activities that should be accomplished even for a small family yard project. 
       SUMMARY OF INVENTION 
       [0005]    The principles of the present invention are embodied in a masonry method for adhering together first and second structures includes loading a dry adhesive into a bag and sealing the bag closed. After transport to a jobsite, a portion of a tip of the bag is cut to provide an orifice in preparation to apply the adhesive. Liquid is introduced into the bag through the orifice and the liquid and the dry adhesive are mixed within the bag to produce hydrated adhesive. The hydrated adhesive is squeezed from an orifice though the bag onto a surface of a selected one of the first and second structures. 
         [0006]    According to another embodiment of the inventive principles, a system is disclosed for applying masonry adhesive. A flexible bag includes a triangular-shaped tip section, a conical section, and a neck section disposed between the tip section and the conical section, wherein the triangular-shaped tip section is dimensioned to allow opening of an orifice into the bag for the introduction of liquid and the conical section is dimensioned to allow opening of another orifice dimensioned to produce a desired flow of hydrated adhesive out of the bag during use of the system. A dry adhesive disposed within the bag, wherein the bag is after the dry adhesive is loaded into the bag during fabrication of the system. 
         [0007]    According to another embodiment of the present principles, a bag is disclosed for delivery of a cementious adhesive material. The bag includes a flexible base section for holding cementitious adhesive material, the base section including a conical portion including an area adapted for cutting to open an aperture dimensioned to allow a corresponding amount of hydrated adhesive material to be forced out of the base section when hand pressure is applied. The bag also includes a tip-section adapted for cutting to provide an aperture for allowing liquid to be introduced into the base section, the tip-section communicating with the base section through a neck section, wherein the tip-section and the neck-section are adapted for folding-over to allow hand mixing of liquid and dry cementitious adhesive within the base section. 
         [0008]    The principles of the present invention offer numerous advantages versus the prior art. Among other things, a small, self contained unit  100  is provided to control, transport and deliver cementitious masonry adhesive to adhere masonry elements together—versus dealing with larger and more difficult to handle bulk materials such as the case of sand in the traditional process. Additionally, system  100  provides a package that in itself is an integrated solution for masonry cementitious adhesive uses, the package becoming a mixer and application tool—versus a variety of tools needed for transporting, preparing and applying mortars for this use. The present principles also provide a new building system for adhering masonry elements, where less resources are needed including labor, materials, tooling, knowledge, cost and time. Furthermore, the embodiments of the present invention provide a convenient solution for do-it-yourselfers, since they lower the complexity and the knowledge needed to deal with traditional mortar solutions for home and small projects. A greener solution is provided versus traditional mortar processes since less materials are needed, and consequently less quarrying, crushing, transporting, waste levels, and scrap disposal. Finally, a higher quality of the adhesive mix is produced due to in plant manufacturing quality control—versus jobsite measuring out and preparation of the mix. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
         [0009]    For a more complete understanding of the present invention, and the advantages thereof, reference is now made to the following descriptions taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: 
           [0010]      FIG. 1  is a diagram of a representative cementitious adhesive delivery and application system embodying the principles of the present invention; 
           [0011]      FIG. 2  is a diagram of the system of  FIG. 1  in which a cut has been made at the top of the bag allowing for the introduction of liquid; 
           [0012]      FIG. 3  illustrates the introduction of liquid into the bag; 
           [0013]      FIG. 4  illustrates the mixing of Concentrated Cementitious Adhesive (CCA) with liquid within the bag; 
           [0014]      FIG. 5  is a more detailed diagram of the neck portion of the bag, which allows the user to selectively cut the bag neck and thereby vary the width of the CCA application orifice; and 
           [0015]      FIG. 6  is a diagram showing a typical use of the CCA application and delivery system embodying the principles of the present invention. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0016]    The principles of the present invention and their advantages are best understood by referring to the illustrated embodiment depicted in  FIGS. 1-6  of the drawings, in which like numbers designate like parts. 
         [0017]      FIG. 1  is a diagram of an exemplary Concentrated Cementitious Adhesive (CCA) delivery and application system  100  embodying the principles of the present invention. Generally, system  100  comprises a new package that contains a factory-loaded Concentrated Cementitious Adhesive (CCA) for delivery to a construction site or home project for use in all masonry activities that involve adhering masonry elements together, such as the construction of walls, pavements, paneling and so on. Due to its versatility, a paste like texture and superior performance embodied in a practical flexible device, system  100  could also be used to fill up any undesired cavities in the masonry job or make repairs on cracks or imperfections that the masonry units or the job itself may present. 
         [0018]    In the preferred embodiment, CCA is a Polymer Modified Portland Cement Mortar known in the art. Polymers bring more strength and flexural efforts resistance to cement bonds between sand grains than the traditional cement bonds. This allows for a mixture which has a concentrated adhering performance. CCA includes also additives that allow the mix to perform as a paste, which brings workability characteristics such as a flowing texture that allows the mix to be squeezed out of the bag and form a firm cylindrical bed over the piece to be bonded. Another set of additives allow for the mix density and to keep the mentioned characteristics of workability during a certain period of time—around 90 minutes. This retardant effect inhibits the chemical reactions that take place in the setting of cement and allows for a longer usable working cycle of the mix. 
         [0019]    In alternate embodiments, the system shown in  FIG. 1  may be used with, for example, tile adhering mortars if adhering strength and workability attributes are calibrated adequately. Additional possible Portland cement alternatives include blast furnace cement, fly ash cement, pozzolan cement, silica fume cement, white blend cements, and colored cements, among other Portland cements. Other cement varieties that could be used in the mix, with proper calibration and testing, include pozzolan-lime cement, slag-lime cement, supersulfonated cement, calcium aluminate cement, calcium sulfoaluminate cement, natural cement, geopolymer cement, among others. 
         [0020]    System  100  includes a bag  10 , which preferably is a semi-cone shaped plastic container that contains factory-loaded CCA as a powder  1  and air  2 . The top of the bag  10  is a segment of an inverted triangle having a closed or sealed top  4 . Where the cone shape geometry  11  of the main body of bag  10  meets the inverted triangle segment  3  a neck is formed in area  5 . When filled with material, bag  10  can stand up using plastic seal  6  as a base. 
         [0021]    Bag  10  could be fabricated, for example, using a biodegradable two-layer film system such as a 500 microns polyethylene film plus a polyester support film or a several component co-extruded high vacuum plastic film could also be used. Other flexible materials could be used to fabricate the bag, if hermetic to water penetration, flexible, strong enough to keep the mix enclosed, allow for easy cuts in the upper section of the bag and endure the pressures that are produced in the hand mixing process. Also if a bag full of material drops in the ground by accident, the bag should be capable of withstanding rock and other types of punctures. 
         [0022]    Bags  10  are transported and warehoused at the jobsite. Since all needed materials are already contained and protected from contaminating elements, system  100  become an inventory kit that allows the constructor to identify and control his or her materials—a feature of significant complexity in the case of bulk sand for the traditional practice. 
         [0023]    According to the principles of the present invention, to start the process of preparing the material, a cut C 1  is made at  4  the top of bag  10  to get an open orifice as shown in  FIG. 2 . Liquid is poured in through the resulting orifice in the amount needed to get a workable consistency of the mix, as shown in  FIG. 3 . This liquid could be composed primarily of water but it may contain other elements that could improve the mix characteristics for certain weather or jobsite conditions such as extreme temperatures, wind velocity and other adverse elements. Liquid characteristics could also be changed to control other aesthetic attributes such as coloring the mix to match with masonry unit colors. Also through the liquid, various additional performance attributes could be incorporated to the mix, such as waterproofing, sealing, curing, fire resistant and other advantageous characteristics. 
         [0024]    Once the CCA has been hydrated, a hand mixing process starts, as shown in  FIG. 4 . The geometry of bag  10  allows region  7  of triangle  3  of the bag proximate cut C 1  to be used as a manual closing mechanism. It is important to note that there is no need to for an additional closing mechanism in the bag, folding triangular section  3  of the bag near the neck  5  is sufficient to keep the material inside bag  10  during mixing process. 
         [0025]    With bag  10  serving as a container, the user applies his or her fingers to exert repetitive outside pressures to force material to flow in different directions within the bag, as generally shown at  8 . The result is a homogeneous mixed material. The mixing process typically takes no longer than between one and two minutes. The mixing process could also be improved if any alternative practice could be derived along the experience, for example, having the top section folded as explained above, and laying the bag in a flat surface and emulate the movements that a pizza or a bread baker would perform in a dough to have it mixed, or even a mechanical accessory could be used to help the user in the mixing process, being a type of rolling pin a non restrictive example of device. 
         [0026]    In order to get the desired diameter for the material bed that is going to be placed over the adhering surfaces, a second cut C 2  is made in bag  10  as shown in  FIG. 5 . Advantageously, the design of bag  10  provides a segment of continuously changing width in the region of neck  5 —preferably a funnel-like geometry—to offer a wide number of options for placing cut C 2 . 
         [0027]    At this time bag  10  is ready to apply the now hydrated CCA over the piece surface  9  shown in  FIG. 6 . In this part of the process bag  10  becomes a delivering and applying tool for the material. Advantageously the geometry of the upper side of  11  of bag  10  allows it to be used as a “pastry bag” to squeeze and channel the CCA out and form a continuous cylindrical body of material over the piece  9  surface. CCA consistency and texture is similar to a soft paste, allowing for just a small effort to push the material out of the bag. In order to force the material out of the bag, other mechanical squeezing accessories could eventually be used, being a type of tuck point gun design a non restrictive example of the type or device where the bag could be placed to be squeezed. Several accessories could eventually be used to keep the bag at hand or close to the user, being a lash of some kind to hang the bag from the user, a non restrictive example. 
         [0028]    Since the user controls the diameter of the bed and CCA is a concentrated adhesive, it is possible to lay a significantly smaller amount of material over piece  9 . In the case of concrete block, this feature is important because no excess material will flow out of the joint during the leveling process and practically no waste will be produced. This feature will also help the worker to avoid the typical spatters during the whole process of preparing and applying masonry mortars. 
         [0029]    The following example is given to illustrate the inventive principles and not to limit the scope of the invention. Assume there is a project that includes building a wall with 145 pieces of 8″ concrete block. The mason will need a certain amount of materials and labor to get the job done. Let us assume that the mason chooses a traditional building practice that consists on mixing masonry cement bags, mortar sand and water to produce the mix needed to bond together the blocks. 
         [0030]    Based on costs from the Houston area at the end of 2010 and the recommended amount of materials from Allied Concrete in GA, we could summarize the project adhering materials, labor and tools needed as follows. 
         [0031]    Adhering Materials are summarized in Table 1: 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Total Traditional Way 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Unit 
                 Total 
                 Total 
               
               
                   
                 Cost 
                 Cost 
                 Weight (Lb) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 25 Masonry Cement Bags 
                 $9.78 
                 $244.50 
                 2,400.00 
               
               
                 5 Tons Mortar Sand 
                 $20.59 
                 $102.97 
                 10,000.00 
               
               
                 Water 
                 $0.00 
                 $1.17 
                 2,822.40 
               
               
                 Labor (per block) 
                 $1.65 
                 $1,650.00 
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Total Traditional Way 
                 $1,998.64 
                 15,222.40 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0032]    Time is summarized in Table 2, assuming the standard block laying speed is 125 pieces per day for a 2 masons team for the traditional cement mortar building practice. With this new method for mixing, handling and applying adhesive material over standard block, a 50% time reduction has been achieved on field testing. A total cost comparison of the results of the exemplary application of the principles of the present invention and traditional methods is summarized in Table 3. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Total CCA 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Unit 
                 Total 
                 Total 
               
               
                   
                 Cost 
                 Cost 
                 Weight (Lb) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 27.6 Bags of CCA 
                 $18.00 
                 $496.80 
                 310.50 
               
               
                 Water 
                 $0.00 
                 $0.02 
                 42.50 
               
               
                 Labor (50% efficiency) 
                 $0.83 
                 $825.00 
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Total CCA 
                 $1,321.82 
                 353.00 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE3 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Total, comparison 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Traditional 
                 Proposed Method 
                 Dif 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Total Costs 
                 $1,998.64 
                 $1,321.82 
                 −33.9% 
               
               
                 Total Material Weight (lb) 
                 15,222.40 
                 353.00 
                 −97.7% 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0033]    With the traditional way, in order to mix, transport and apply the mortar over the blocks the mason would need a tool set consisting of a combination of a mechanical mixer, shovel, wheelbarrow, buckets mortar trays, and trowel. In contrast, none of these tools are needed using the new CCA building practice according to the present principles. Furthermore, traditional practice has at least 4 sources of material waste including mortar bed dropping inside the block, mortar bed squeezed out of block bed due to the leveling procedure, mortar residuals that cannot be collected in the mixing process, and residuals of sand and cement that cannot be collected from jobsite inventory. Practically the only material waste of CCA in the embodiments of the present inventive principles is the residual that cannot be squeezed out of the bag 
         [0034]    Although the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, these descriptions are not meant to be construed in a limiting sense. Various modifications of the disclosed embodiments, as well as alternative embodiments of the invention, will become apparent to persons skilled in the art upon reference to the description of the invention. It should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the conception and the specific embodiment disclosed might be readily utilized as a basis for modifying or designing other structures for carrying out the same purposes of the present invention. It should also be realized by those skilled in the art that such equivalent constructions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims. 
         [0035]    It is therefore contemplated that the claims will cover any such modifications or embodiments that fall within the true scope of the invention.