Abstract:
A method for detecting and alerting a user of objects in their blind spots, includes: tracking movement and relative position of a user to one or more objects; determining a blind spot of the user; determining when at least one of the one or more objects occupies the blind spot of the user; and transmitting a signal to a user mobile device to perform an alarm operation when at least one of the one or more objects occupies the blind spot of the user.

Description:
TRADEMARKS 
     IBM® is a registered trademark of International Business Machines Corporation, Armonk, N.Y., U.S.A. Other names used herein may be registered trademarks, trademarks or product names of International Business Machines Corporation or other companies. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     This invention relates generally to vehicle blind spot identification, and more particularly to a method and system for alerting a driver or pedestrian to the presence of vehicles, pedestrians, or objects in their blind spot. 
     2. Description of the Related Art 
     A major contributor to vehicle accidents is blind spots in the rear side perspective views of a driver. The driver blind spots occur when a second vehicle is traveling slightly behind and along side the driver&#39;s vehicle in an accompanying lane. Blind spot accidents occur when a driver switches lanes and is unaware that a second vehicle is occupying the intended new lane. As a result a collision between the two vehicles occurs. Driver blind spots exist despite the fact that vehicles are equipped with a series of view mirrors to assist the driver. The series of mirrors are generally configured as a rear view mirror that is internally mounted above the front windshield in the center of the vehicle, and one or two external side mirrors that are mounted on the front side portions of the vehicle. The series of mirrors are designed to allow the driver to have a rear view without having to turn their head to the rear. 
     External side mirrors and the rear view mirror reduce the driver blind spots. However, it is nearly impossible to eliminate all blind spots with mirror adjustment. The exact area of the driver blind spot varies depending on the type of vehicle and height of the driver. Accordingly, rear blind spots for midsize sedans range between 12-17 feet behind the vehicle, mini vans range from 13-23 feet, and midsize trucks between 29-51 feet. Each of the ranges accounts for various heights of the driver. Tractor-trailer drivers encounter a much larger visual impairment. The blind spots are located on either side, the rear, and directly in front of the tractor-trailer. In the US, over 200,000 accidents between cars and trucks occur each year. Eighty percent of car drivers involved in tractor-trailer accidents don&#39;t survive. 
     Current efforts to solve the driver blind spot problem have been directed towards developing a blind spot monitoring system that will alert the driver of vehicles that are present in their blind spots. Blind spot monitors include, a camera mounted on the back bumper of a car that shows the driver video feeds of objects behind the car when it is in reverse. Another option called VORAD (Vehicle On-board Radar) transmits and receives microwave signals, alerting a driver to obstructions. The VORAD system can penetrate through environmental conditions such as darkness, fog, dust, and smoke. The VORAD system is currently used on busses to detect vehicles along the side and in front of the bus. A lane-changing alarm is another product available to consumers. The lane changing alarm is designed using a passive infrared sensor that detects the heat of a moving tire and a light emitting diode (LED) that flashes when vehicles, pedestrians, or other objects are in the side blind spot. A product designed for commercial vehicles employs ultrasonic sensors mounted on the outside of the vehicle to detect obstructions at slow speeds. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Embodiments of the present invention include a method and system for detecting and alerting a user of objects in their blind spots, includes: tracking movement and relative position of a user to one or more objects; determining a blind spot of the user; determining when at least one of the one or more objects occupies the blind spot of the user; and transmitting a signal to a user mobile device to perform an alarm operation when at least one of the one or more objects occupies the blind spot of the user. 
     A system for detecting and warning users of blind spot hazards, the system includes: one or more mobile devices; one or more monitoring and tracking devices that are configured with software; wherein the tracking devices determine the relative position of a user to one or more objects; wherein the tracking devices transmit the relative position of the user to the one or more objects to the monitoring devices; wherein the monitoring devices calculate blind spot hazards based on the tracking devices transmissions; and wherein monitoring devices issue an alarm command signal to the one or more mobile devices in response to a determined blind spot hazard. 
     Additional features and advantages are realized through the techniques of the present invention. Other embodiments and aspects of the invention are described in detail herein and are considered a part of the claimed invention. For a better understanding of the invention with advantages and features, refer to the description and to the drawings. 
     TECHNICAL EFFECTS 
     As a result of the summarized invention, a solution is technically achieved for a method and system for utilizing wearable devices and portable communication devices to enhance driver and pedestrian awareness of a vehicle or object entering into a driver&#39;s or pedestrian&#39;s blind spot. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The subject matter that is regarded as the invention is particularly pointed out and distinctly claimed in the claims at the conclusion of the specification. The foregoing and other objects, features, and advantages of the invention are apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which: 
         FIG. 1  illustrates a system for warning a driver of a vehicle in their blind spot according to embodiments of the invention. 
         FIG. 2  illustrates a system for warning a pedestrian when a vehicle is in a blind spot of a pedestrian according to embodiments of the invention. 
         FIG. 3  illustrates a system for warning a driver when a pedestrian enters a driver&#39;s bind spot according to embodiments of the invention. 
         FIG. 4  is an operational block diagram of a system to implement embodiments of the invention. 
         FIG. 5  is a detailed operational block diagram of a communications module of  FIG. 4  according to an embodiment of the invention. 
         FIG. 6  is a detailed operational diagram of a data interpreter (block  408 ) of  FIG. 4  according to an embodiment of the invention. 
         FIG. 7  is a flow diagram illustrating a process for utilizing mobile devices to enhance driver and pedestrian awareness of a vehicle or object entering into a driver or pedestrian&#39;s blind spot according to embodiments of the invention. 
         FIG. 8  illustrates a mobile device with a series of combined sensors and vibratory pad indicators to transmit tactile alarm messages according to embodiments of the invention. 
         FIG. 9  is an operational block diagram of the series of combined sensors and vibratory pad indicators of  FIG. 8  according to embodiments of the invention. 
     
    
    
     The detailed description explains the preferred embodiments of the invention, together with advantages and features, by way of example with reference to the drawings. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Embodiments of the invention provide a method and system for providing a driver of a vehicle a warning of the presence of another vehicle, pedestrian or obstacle in the driver&#39;s blind spot. The blind spot warning system utilizes a series of sensors attached to the driver&#39;s vehicle, and global positioning system (GPS) satellites to detect the presence of a vehicle in the driver&#39;s blind spot. The series of sensors are wirelessly connected to a mobile alarm device. In embodiments of the invention, the mobile alarm device is incorporated into wearable devices such as a wristwatch, or into a cell phone. In embodiments of the invention, the mobile devices may be equipped with bluetooth transceivers to establish a wireless link with the blind spot detectors. The alarm may be audible, vibratory, or both. In embodiments of the invention, the intensity of the alarm signal is variable to reflect the relative position of the other vehicle within the driver&#39;s blind spot. For example, the intensity of the alarm signal increases in intensity as the other vehicle approaches into the blind spot, and decreases in intensity as the other vehicle exits the blind spot. Embodiments of the invention may also be implemented on a bicycle, to warn a rider of vehicles or other bicyclists in the rider&#39;s blind spot. In another embodiment of the invention a blind spot warning device for pedestrians is integrated into mobile or wearable devices such as wristwatches, cell phones, walking aids, and canes to warn of approaching vehicles. 
     In further embodiments of the invention, the blind spot warning system can alert a driver, cyclists or pedestrian when they are approaching and entering into a potential blind spot of a vehicle. In an exemplary embodiment, a vehicle A enters into the blind spot of a vehicle B. The blind spot for the driver B of vehicle B may be determined within various degrees of precision. In a first approach, it is assumed that the driver B in vehicle B has a standard position and environment (e.g., looks straight ahead and has some typical location (height) for their head and some typical orientation for a mirror in the car). The blind spots for the driver B of vehicle B may then be pre-calculated by mathematical models in advance and would be the same for each type of vehicle model and make. In a second approach, a monitoring system in vehicle A can observe the environment of driver B, and an intelligent system in vehicle A can dynamically compute blind spots for diver B residing in the vehicle B using the information that was received by the monitoring system in the vehicle A. A system that may monitor inside of a car is described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,792,339 entitled “Artificial Passenger with Condition Sensors” and is hereby incorporated by reference herein. In a third approach, a monitoring system in the vehicle B transmits data to other nearby vehicles, including the vehicle A. The transmitted data is utilized by the intelligent system in vehicle A to calculate the blind spots for driver B. This approach assumes the existence of a communication system between workload managers in the vehicles. The workload manager collects information from on board vehicle sensors and external sensors with regards to vehicle location, speed, and direction of travel. Workload managers are described in patent application publication U.S. 20050192730 entitled “Driver Safety Manager” and is hereby incorporated by reference herein. 
       FIG. 1  illustrates a situation  100  according to an embodiment of the invention, where a driver in vehicle  104  has a vision field  112 , and a GPS  110  detects when a vehicle  102  travels into a blind spot (i.e., out of the driver&#39;s vision field  112 ), and an alarm signal is initiated to either the driver&#39;s cell phone  106  or wristwatch  108 . In situation  100 , both vehicle  102  and vehicle  104  are equipped with GPS chipsets to relay their relative positions. The alarm signal persists until vehicle  102  is no longer in the driver&#39;s blind spot. 
       FIG. 2  illustrates a situation  200  according to an embodiment of the invention, where a vehicle  202  is in the blind spot of a pedestrian  204  (i.e., out of the pedestrian&#39;s  204  vision field  212 ). The determination of the vehicle  202  being in the pedestrian&#39;s blind spot is made with cameras  216  mounted in the intersection, and in conjunction with the GPS  210 . In situation  200 , the vehicle  202  and pedestrian  204  are equipped with GPS chipsets to relay their relative positions. In the example embodiment, the cameras  216  are mounted on the traffic control devices  218 . When the vehicle  202  is determined to be in the pedestrian&#39;s  204  blind spot, an alarm signal is sent to the pedestrian&#39;s  204  cell phone  208 , or wristwatch  208 . In the case of a handicapped individual, the signal could be vibratory for the hearing impaired, or auditory for the blind, and walking aids or wheelchairs may be equipped with the blind spot alarm. 
       FIG. 3  illustrates a situation  300  according to an embodiment of the invention, where a driver of a vehicle  302  has a vision field  312 , and a pedestrian  314  has entered into the driver&#39;s blind spot. Cameras  308  mounted to the vehicle in conjunction with the GPS  310  determine the driver&#39;s blind spot, and track potential hazards to avoid, such as the pedestrian  314  that are within the blind spot. When a hazard or pedestrian  314  enters the driver&#39;s blind spot, an alarm is sent to the driver&#39;s cell phone  306 , wristwatch  304 , or another portable communication or computing device. 
       FIG. 4  is an operational block diagram of a system  400  to implement embodiments of the invention. A series of sensors and monitoring devices made up of cameras, motion detectors, proximity measurement devices, infrared detectors, GPS, and other location devices (block  402 ) provide situational and location data for processing (block  404 ) and analysis (block  406 ). During analysis (block  406 ) the data from the various sensors and monitoring devices are correlated, for example positional data from the GPS is correlated with and related to the information obtained from the cameras to determine when a potential hazard situation is developing in a driver&#39;s blind spot. The data is interpreted (block  408 ), and if an alarm situation develops within a determined blind spot, the information is sent to the communications module (block  410 ). The communications module transmits instructions to mobile and wearable devices (i.e., cell phones (block  412 ), wristwatches (block  414 ), personnel digital assistants (PDA) (block  416 ), etc.). 
       FIG. 5  is a detailed operational block diagram of the communications module (block  410 ) of  FIG. 4  according to an embodiment of the invention. The alarm processor (block  500 ) receives the alarm condition and initiates the identification of the available mobiles devices (block  502 ) that may be utilized to warm the target recipients of a blind spot hazard condition. Instructions to initiate a blind spot alarm signal are transmitted to the identified mobile devices (block  504 ) 
       FIG. 6  is a detailed operational diagram of the data interpreter (block  408 ) of  FIG. 4  according to an embodiment of the invention. The semantic module (block  600 ) processes the correlated data semantically, hence the name. Semantics refers to the aspects of meaning that are expressed in a language, code, or other form of representation of information. The semantic module supplies the interpreter of distance data (block  602 ), interpreter of time data (block  604 ), and interpreter of attention data (block  606 ) with data inputs. The interpreter of distance data (block  602 ) determines how far a vehicle is from another vehicle or a pedestrian. The interpreter of time data (block  604 ) determines how soon a potential hazard may result in an accident, and for example provides information on how many seconds are left to send an alarm before a potential accident occurs. The interpreter of attention data (block  606 ) identifies if a driver or pedestrian is paying attention. The interpreter of danger (block  608 ) combines the outputs of the other interpreters (blocks  602 ,  604 ,  606 ) to determine the imminence of danger, and whether to request an alarm signal. 
       FIG. 7  is a flow diagram illustrating a process for utilizing mobile devices to enhance driver and pedestrian awareness of a vehicle or object entering into a driver or pedestrian&#39;s blind spot according to embodiments of the invention. The process starts (block  700 ) with a determination of available data from a vehicle (block  702 ), a second vehicle or pedestrian (block  704 ), or from alternative sources (block  706 ). The available data is employed to form estimations (block  708 ) of potential blind spots. If no blind spot danger is determined (block  710  is NO), the estimation process continues (block  712 ) until a potential blind spot danger is determined (block  710  is YES). When a potential blind spot is determined (block  710  is YES) an alarm signal is sent to mobile devices (block  716 ) if there are mobile devices available (block  714  is YES), or to alternative alarm devices if available (block  718 ), and the process ends (block  720 ). 
       FIG. 8  illustrates a mobile device  800  with a series of combined sensors and vibratory pad indicators that are represented by rectangles  802 ,  804 ,  806 , and  808 . The combined sensors and vibratory pad indicators ( 802 ,  804 ,  806 ,  808 ) are positioned on the case of the mobile device  800  to correspond with the tips of the user&#39;s fingers (excluding the thumb) when they hold the device. The combined sensors and vibratory pad indicators ( 802 ,  804 ,  806 ,  808 ) detect the presence of a user finger, and provide a tactile signal to the finger. A central processing unit (CPU)  810  coordinates the combined sensors and vibratory pad indicators ( 802 ,  804 ,  806 ,  808 ), and provides sequences of tactile codes to the combined sensors and vibratory pad indicators ( 802 ,  804 ,  806 ,  808 ). 
       FIG. 9  functional block diagram illustrating the operation of the CPU  810  of  FIG. 8 . A fingertip pattern (block  900 ) is defined on the mobile device, and a detector (block  904 ) determines which sensors ( 802 ,  804 ,  806 ,  808 ) are depressed or in contact with a user&#39;s finger (block  902 ). The CPU  810  maps warning messages into tactile patterns or sequences (block  906 ) based on predefined alarms (block  908 ). For example, if vibrator pads  804  (2 nd  pads) and  806  (3 rd  pads) are activated, a vehicle on the left may be in a blind spot. Whereas, if vibrator pads  802  (1 st  pads) and  808  (4 th  pads) are activated, a vehicle on the right may be in a blind spot. 
     The capabilities of the present invention can be implemented in software, firmware, hardware or some combination thereof. 
     As one example, one or more aspects of the present invention can be included in an article of manufacture (e.g., one or more computer program products) having, for instance, computer usable media. The media has embodied therein, for instance, computer readable program code means for providing and facilitating the capabilities of the present invention. The article of manufacture can be included as a part of a computer system or sold separately. 
     Additionally, at least one program storage device readable by a machine, tangibly embodying at least one program of instructions executable by the machine to perform the capabilities of the present invention can be provided. 
     The flow diagrams depicted herein are just examples. There may be many variations to these diagrams or the steps (or operations) described therein without departing from the spirit of the invention. For instance, the steps may be performed in a differing order, or steps may be added, deleted or modified. All of these variations are considered a part of the claimed invention. 
     While the preferred embodiments to the invention has been described, it will be understood that those skilled in the art, both now and in the future, may make various improvements and enhancements which fall within the scope of the claims which follow. These claims should be construed to maintain the proper protection for the invention first described.