Abstract:
A preparation for external application to the skin which comprises disodium adenosine triphosphate and tranexamic acid for prevention of skin roughening and skin improvement. The preparation further contains ginseng extract.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention relates to preparations for external application to the skin, more particularly external preparations having powerful effects of preventing skin roughening and improving the skin. The external preparation of the present invention is suitably applied to cosmetics, such as clear lotions, creams, milky lotions, facial packs, and scalp care cosmetics, or medicines, such as ointments for wounds or inflammation. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     One of the major purposes of external preparations for the skin such as cosmetics consists in prevention of skin roughening and skin improvement. For this purpose, humectants, such as glycerin, polyethylene glycol, sorbitol, mucopolysaccharides, and hyaluronic acid, have been incorporated into skin care preparations. However, these substances are not sufficiently effective in prevention of surface roughening and improvement of the skin, and more effective substances have been demanded. 
     Tranexamic acid, on the other hand, is known effective on the skin in healing of wounds, prevention of skin roughening and skin improvement and has been added to medicines and cosmetics (see JP-B-47-1479, the term &#34;JP-B&#34; as used herein means an &#34;examined published Japanese patent application&#34;). However, preparations for external application containing a large amount of tranexamic acid are sticky and feel unpleasant when applied to the skin. Further, ginseng extract is known to be a Chinese medicine having blood flow accelerating action. It has recently been reported that combination of ginseng extract with γ-amino-β-hydroxybutyric acid provides fast-acting cosmetics for anti-aging (see JP-A-7-76513, the term &#34;JP-A&#34; as used herein means &#34;an unexamined published Japanese patent application&#34;). 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention has been completed by taking these circumstances into consideration. An object of the present invention is to provide a preparation for external application to the skin which produces improved effects on the skin in healing of wounds, prevention of skin roughening, and skin improvement. 
     The present invention relates to a preparation for external application to the skin which contains disodium adenosine triphosphate and tranexamic acid. 
     In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the preparation further contains ginseng extract. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     Disodium adenosine triphosphate is preferably used in an amount of 0.0005 to 3.0% by weight, still preferably 0.0005 to 0.3% by weight, based on the total preparation. At a disodium adenosine triphosphate content of 0.0005% or more, an increased skin improving effect can be obtained, and the feeling of use, such as skin tension. If the disodium adenosine triphosphate content exceeds 3.0%, the preparation tends to have deteriorated feeling of use, for example, tends to become sticky. 
     Tranexamic acid is preferably used in an amount of 0.01 to 3.0% by weight, still preferably 0.1 to 3.0% by weight. At a tranexamic acid content of 0.01% or more, an increased effect on growth of skin cells and an improved feeling of use, such as moistness, can be obtained. If the tranexamic acid content exceeds 3.0%, the preparation tends to have deteriorated feeling of use, for example, tends to become sticky. 
     Ginseng extract, if added to the preparation, is preferably used in an amount of 0.005 to 10.0% by weight, still preferably 0.01 to 10.0% by weight. At a ginseng extract content of 0.005% or more, an increased improving effect on the skin can be obtained. If the content exceeds 10.0%, the preparation tends to feel sticky. 
     &#34;Ginseng extract&#34; as referred to herein is an extract of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer (Araliaceae), prepared by evaporating an ethanol extract of the plant to dryness and re-dissolving the solid in ethanol in a concentration of 50% by weight. Ginseng extract is highly valued as a Chinese medicine having actions such as acceleration of blood flow of the skin and entered in Japanese Pharmacopeia. 
     The preparations according to the present invention denote those externally applied to the skin, such as cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and non-medical applications and may therefore take a wide variety of forms, such as clear solutions, microemulsions, emulsions, powders, oily liquids, gels, ointments, water-oil two phase systems, water-oil-powder three phase systems, and the like. 
     If desired, the preparations may contain other components generally used in cosmetics or pharmaceuticals as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired. 
     Such other components include powdery components, e.g., titanium dioxide, mica, and talc; oils, e.g., avocado oil, corn oil, olive oil, rapeseed ol, evening primrose oil, castor oil, sunflower oil, tea seed oil, rice bran oil, jojoba oil, cacao oil, palm oil, squalane, squalene, beef tallow, Japan wax, molasses, candelilla wax, carnauba wax, whale wax, lanolin, silicone oil, fluorine oil, liquid paraffin, ceresin, vaseline, polyoxyethylene (POE) (8 mol) oleyl alcohol ether, and glycerol monooleate; higher alcohols e.g., capryl alcohol, lauryl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, and cetyl alcohol; sterols, e.g., cholesterol and phytosterol; higher fatty acids, e.g., capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, behenic acid, lanolin fatty acids, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid; ultraviolet absorbers, e.g., p-aminobenzoic acid, homomenthyl-7N-acetylanthranilate, butylmethoxybenzoylmethane, glycerol mono-2-ethylhexanoate di-p-methoxycinnamate, amyl salicylate, octyl cinnamate, and 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone; moisturizers, e.g., polyethylene glycol, glycerin, sorbitol, xylitol, and maltitol; thickeners, e.g., methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, gum arabic, carboxyvinyl polymer, alkyl-modified carboxyvinyl polymers, polyvinyl alcohol, montmorillonite, and Laponite (synthetic Hectorite); organic solvents, e.g., ethanol and 1,3-butylene glycol; antioxidants, e.g., butylhydroxytoluene, tocopherol, and phytic acid; antimicrobial antiseptics, e.g., benzoic acid, salicylic acid, sorbic acid, alkyl p-hydroxybenzoates (e.g., ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate or butyl p-hydroxybenzoate), and hexachlorophene; amino acids, e.g., glycine, alanine, valine, leucine, serine, threonine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, aspartic acid, asparagine, glutamine, taurine, arginine, and histigine, and alkali metal salts and a hydrochloride of these amines; organic acids, e.g., acylsarcosine (e.g., sodium lauroylmethylsarcosine), glutathione, malic acid and tartaric acid; vitamins such as vitamin A and its derivatives, vitamin B group and its derivatives including vitamin B6 hydrochloride, vitamin B6 tripalmitate, vitamin B6 dioctanoate, vitamin B2 and its derivatives, vitamin B12, and vitamin B15 and its derivatives; vitamin C and its derivatives, e.g., ascorbic acid, ascorbic acid sulfate (salts), ascorbic acid phosphate (salts), and ascorbic acid dipalmitate; vitamin E and its derivatives such as α-, β-, and γ-tocopherol, vitamin E acetate and vitamin E nicotinate; vitamin D group, vitamin H, pantothenic acid, and pantethine; drugs, e.g., nicotinamide, benzyl nicotinate, γ-oryzanol, allantoin, glycyrrhizinic acid (salts), glycyrrhetinic acid and its derivatives, hinokitiol, Mucidin, bisabolol, eucalyptol, thymol, inositol, saponins (e.g., saikosaponin, dishcloth gourd saponin, and soapberry saponin), pentothenyl ethyl ether, ethynylestradiol, cepharanthine, placenta extract, and arbutin; natural extract of plants, such as yangti (Rumex japonicus Houtt.), kushen (Sophora flavescens Air.), candock, orange, sage, manifoil, common mallow, chuanxiong (Cnidii officinale Makino), Japanese green gentian (Swertia japonica Makino), thyme, danguii (Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels), orange peel, birch, field horsetail, dishcloth gourd, hourse chestnut tree, creeping saxifrage (Saxifrage stolonifera), arnica, lily, mugwort, peony, aloe, gardenia, etc., obtained by using an organic solvent, e.g., alcohols, polyhydric alcohols, water, and aqueous alcohols; dyestuffs; nonionic surface active agents, e.g., sorbitan monolaurate, sorbitan monopalmitate, sorbitan sesquioleate, sorbitan trioleate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monoluaurate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate, polyethylene glycol monooleate, polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, polyglycol diethers, lauroyl diethanolamide, fatty acid isopropanolamide, maltitol hydroxyfatty acid ethers, alkylated polysaccharides, alkyl glucosides, and sugar esters; cationic surface active agents, e.g., stearyltrimethylammonium chloride, benzarkonium chloride, and laurylamine oxide; anionic surface active agents, e.g., sodium palmitate, sodium laurate, sodium laurylsulfate, potassium laurylsulfate, alkylsulfate triethanolamine ethers, Turkey red oil, linear dodecylbenzenesulfate, polyoxyethylene hardened castor oil maleic acid, and acylmethyltaurine; amophoteric surface active agents, flavors, purified water, and the like. 
    
    
     The present invention will now be illustrated in greater detail with reference to Examples, but it should be understood that the present invention is not construed as being limited thereto. Unless otherwise indicated, all the percetns are by weight. 
     EXAMPLES 1 TO 5 AND COMPARATIVE EXAMPLES 1 TO 6 
     Preparations for external application to the skin were prepared according to the formulation shown in Tables 1 and 2 and tested for an improving effect on rough skin and for stickiness according to the following test methods. The results obtained are shown in the respective table. 
     1) Test of Effect on Rough Skin: 
     The skin on the back of a healthy man was treated with a 3% aqueous solution of sodium dodecylsulfate to induce skin toughening. Two hours later, 20 μl of the preparation was applied thereto once a day for consecutive 5 days. On the 6th day, the condition of the skin was observed by naked eyes and scored according to the following standards. The higher the score, the higher the improving effect on skin roughness. 
     Standards of Score: 
     1. Drying of the corneum over a wide area, peeling, and severe erythema were observed. 
     2. Drying of the corneum, peeling, and moderate erythema were observed. 
     3. Drying of the corneum was observed, but no peeling. Slight erythema was observed. 
     4. Neither drying of the corneum nor peeling was observed. Slight erythema was observed. 
     5. None of drying of the corneum, peeling and erythema was observed. 
     The test was carried out on 10 men for each preparation, and the improving effect on rough skin was evaluated based on the average score according to the following rating standards. 
     Rating Standards: 
     A. Average score not lower than 4. 
     B. Average score not lower than 3 and lower than 4. 
     C. Average score not lower than 2 and lower than 3. 
     D. Average score lower than 2. 
     2) Test of Stickiness: 
     The degree of stickiness was evaluated on the skin of the same 10 men based on the following standards of score and rating standards. 
     Standards of Score: 
     1. Non-sticky 
     2. Less sticky 
     3. Neither sticky nor non-sticky 
     4. Slightly sticky 
     5. Sticky 
     Rating Standards: 
     A. Average score not lower than 4. 
     B. Average score not lower than 3 and lower than 4. 
     C. Average score not lower than 2 and lower than 3. 
     D. Average score lower than 2. 
     
                       TABLE 1______________________________________Formulation     Example No.     1     2        3       4     5______________________________________Tranexamic acid       2.0     0.1      5.0   0.05  2.0Disodium adenosine       0.1     0.001    0.001 0.001 0.1triphophateGinseng extract       1.0     0.01     0.01  0.01  --Propylene glycol       1.0     1.0      1.0   1.0   1.0Citric acid 0.04    0.04     0.04  0.04  0.04Sodium citrate       0.16    0.16     0.16  0.16  0.16Ethanol     10.0    10.0     10.0  10.0  10.0POE (20) lauryl       0.5     0.5      0.5   0.5   0.5etherMethyl p-hydroxy-       0.1     0.1      0.1   0.1   0.1benzoateFlavor      proper  proper   proper                              proper                                    proper       amount  amount   amount                              amount                                    amountPurified water       balance balance  balance                              balance                                    balanceImproving effect       A       A        A     B     Bon rough skinStickiness  B       A        C     A     B______________________________________ 
    
     
                       TABLE 2______________________________________Formulation  Comparative Example No.  1     2       3       4     5     6______________________________________Tranexamic    2.0     2.0     --    --    --    --acidDisodium --      --      0.1   0.1   --    --adenosinetriphophateGinseng  1.0     --      1.0   --    1.0   --extractPropylene    1.0     1.0     1.0   1.0   1.0   1.0glycolCitric acid    0.04    0.04    0.04  0.04  0.04  0.04Sodium citrate    0.16    0.16    0.16  0.16  0.16  0.16Ethanol  10.0    10.0    10.0  10.0  10.0  10.0POE (20) 0.5     0.5     0.5   0.5   0.5   0.5lauryletherMethyl   0.1     0.1     0.1   0.1   0.1   0.1p-hydroxy-benzoateFlavor   proper  proper  proper                          proper                                proper                                      proper    amount  amount  amount                          amount                                amount                                      amountPurified water    bal.    bal.    bal.  bal.  bal.  bal.Improving    C       C       C     C     C     Deffecton rough skinStickiness    B       B       A     A     A     A______________________________________ 
    
     As proved above, little improving effect on the skin is exerted by any of the combination of tranexamic acid and ginseng extract (Comparative Example 1), tranexamic acid alone (Comparative Example 2), the combination of disodium adenosine triphophate and ginseng extract (Comparative Example 3), disodium adenosine triphophate alone (Comparative Example 4) and ginseng extract alone (Comparative Example 5). To the contrary, the combination of disodium adenosine triphophate and tranexamic acid (Example 5) exhibits an excellent improving effect on the skin. In particular, the combinations of disodium adenosine triphophate, tranexamic acid, and ginseng extract (Examples 1 to 4) produce very powerful improving effects on skin roughness even with the amount of each component being reduced to a tenth to a hundredth. 
     3) Practical Test Using Replica Method: 
     A replica of the surface condition of the facial skin of a healthy woman was taken using a silicon resin and observed under a microscope of 17 magnifications. The skin roughness was graded from the conditions of dermatoglyphs and the peeling conditions of the corneum based on the following standards. Those women whose skin was graded 1 or 2 were divided in 6 groups each consisting of 10 women. The lotion of Example 2 or 5 was applied to the right half of the face while the lotion of Comparative Examples 1 to 6 was applied to the left half each twice a day. Two weeks later, a replica was again taken, and the skin conditions were observed and graded in the same manner as above. The results obtained are shown in Table 3 below. 
     Grading Standards: 
     1. Disappearance of dermatoglyphs and ridges of skin surface and peeling of the corneum over a wide area were observed. 
     2. Dermatoglyphs and ridges of skin surface became vague, and peeling of the corneum was observed. 
     3. Dermatoglyphs and ridges of skin surface were discerned but flat. 
     4. Dermatoglyphs and ridges of skin surface were clear. 
     5. Dermatoglyphs and ridges of skin surface were clear and regular. 
     Rating Standards: 
     A. Average score not lower than 4 
     B. Average score not lower than 3 and lower than 4 
     C. Average score not lower than 2 and lower than 3 
     D. Average score lower than 2 
     
                       TABLE 3______________________________________  Example No.          Comparative Example No.  2   5       1     2     3   4     5   6______________________________________Grade    A     B       C   C     C   C     C   D______________________________________ 
    
     It can be seen from Table 3 that the preparations according to the present invention exhibit excellent improving effects on skin roughness. 
     In the following Examples 6 to 13 preparations for external application were prepared. All of the preparations exhibited effects of preventing skin roughness and improving the skin conditions without causing papules, comedos, pustules or erythema. 
     EXAMPLE 6 
     
         ______________________________________Facial Pack______________________________________Polyvinyl alcohol      15.0 wt %Tranexamic acid        0.01Disodium adenosine triphophate                  0.0005Ginseng extract        10.0Methyl cellulose       0.5Propylene glycol       5.0Sodium keratosulfate   0.005Enzymolysis product of egg white                  0.8Ethanol                8.0Ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate                  0.1Perfume                proper amountPurified water         balance______________________________________ 
    
     EXAMPLE 7 
     
         ______________________________________Moistening Cream______________________________________Stearic acid           2.0 wt %Stearyl alcohol        3.0Reduced lanolin        2.0Octyldodecanol         6.0Maltitol hydroxylauryl ether                  3.0Glycerol monostearate  2.0Antiseptic             proper amountPerfume                proper amountPropylene glycol       10.0Glycerin               3.0Hyaluronic acid        2.0Enzymolysis product of egg white                  0.01Tranexamic acid        5.0Disodium adenosine triphophate                  5.0Ginseng extract        0.005Purified water         balance______________________________________ 
    
     EXAMPLE 8 
     
         ______________________________________Milky Lotion______________________________________Stearic acid           1.0 wt %Cetanol                1.5Vaseline               3.0Lanolin alcohol        2.0Liquid paraffin        8.0Squalane               5.0Jojoba oil             1.0V-E acetate            0.52-Ethylhexyl p-methoxycinnate                  0.5POE (20) behenyl ether 1.5POE (10) monooleate    1.0Triethanolamine        1.01,3-Butylene glycol    10.0Dipropylene glycol     8.0Chondroitin sulfate    0.05Tranexamic acid        5.0Disodium adenosine triphophate                  0.01Ginseng extract        5.0Purified water         balance______________________________________ 
    
     EXAMPLE 9 
     
         ______________________________________Milkyl Lotion______________________________________Stearic acid           1.0 wt %Behenic acid           1.0Behenyl alcohol        2.0Dimethylpolysiloxane   3.0Macademia nut oil      1.0Vaseline               3.0Stearyl glycyrrhetinate                  0.1Glycerol tri(2-ethylhexanoate)                  2.0Evening primrose oil   0.1Vitamin E              0.1Placenta extract       0.1Magnesium ascorbic acid phosphate                  0.1Tranexamic acid        0.1Disodium adenosine triphophate                  0.001Ginseng extract        0.01Trisodium edetate      0.1Carboxyvinyl polymer   0.2Propylene glycol       5.0Dipropylene glycol     10.0Sodium hyaluronate     0.2Potassium hydroxide    0.1Antiseptic             proper amountPerfume                proper amountPurified water         balance______________________________________ 
    
     EXAMPLE 10 
     
         ______________________________________Clear Lotion______________________________________Sorbitol               2.0 wt %Dipropylene glycol     5.0Sodium chondroitin sulfate                  1.0Sodium metaphosphate   0.1Dipotassium glycyrrhizinate                  0.1Tranexamic acid        3.0Disodium adenosine triphophate                  0.5Ginseng extract        7.0Ethanol                10.0POE (50) hardened castor oil                  0.5Antiseptic             proper amountPerfume                proper amountPurified water         balance______________________________________ 
    
     EXAMPLE 11 
     
         ______________________________________Lip Treatment______________________________________Candellila wax         9.0 wt %Solid paraffin         8.0Molasses               5.0Carnauba wax           5.0Lanolin                10.0Castor oil             balanceChitin                 0.07Tranexamic acid        0.01Disodium adenosine triphophate                  0.0001Ginseng extract        0.005Isopropyl myristate    10.0Deionized water        0.5Perfume                proper amountAntioxidant            proper amount______________________________________ 
    
     EXAMPLE 12 
     
         ______________________________________Aqueous Gel______________________________________1,3-Butylene glycol    5.0 wt %Glycerin               20.0Maltitol               3.0Ethyl cellulose        0.3Carboxyvinyl polymer   0.5Tranexamic acid        1.0Ginseng extract        0.05Disodium adenosine triphophate                  0.005Potassium hydroxide    0.15POE (50) hardened castor oil                  1.0Nylon powder           2.0Squalane               3.0Antiseptic             proper amountPerfume                proper amountColorant               proper amountTrisodium edetate      0.01______________________________________ 
    
     EXAMPLE 13 
     
         ______________________________________Essence______________________________________Sorbitol               2.0 wt %Dipropylene glycol     5.0Sodium chondroitin sulfate                  1.0Sodium metaphosphate   0.1Dipotassium glycyrrhizinate                  0.1Tranexamic acid        3.0Disodium adenosine triphophate                  0.5Ginseng extract        7.0Ethanol                10.0POE (50) hardened castor oil                  0.5Glycerin               10.0Carboxyvinyl polymer   0.5Potassium hydroxide    0.22Antiseptic             proper amountPerfume                proper amountPurified water         balance______________________________________ 
    
     As has been fully described, the preparations according to the present invention have excellent effect of preventing skin roughening and improving the skin conditions and high safety. 
     While the invention has been described in detail and with reference to specific examples thereof, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope thereof.