Abstract:
The present invention is directed to polymers that are useful in nail polish applications. The specific film forming polyester polymers that are liquids in solvents like butyl acetate, form a uniform film upon application when in a solvent (most commonly butyl acetate), evaporates under atmospheric conditions and at the same time can be removed easily and thoroughly by application of a solvent like acetone. The polymers of the present invention having a silicone portion contained therein provide improved flexibility, tear resistance and superior aesthetics.

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     None 
     GOVERNMENT SPONSORSHIP 
     None 
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention is directed to polymers that are useful in nail polish applications. The specific film forming polyester polymers that are liquids in solvents like butyl acetate, form a uniform film upon application when in a solvent (most commonly butyl acetate), evaporates under atmospheric conditions and at the same time can be removed easily and thoroughly by application of a solvent like acetone. The polymers have as critical part of the polymer a silicone portion which provides flexibility, tear resistance and superior aesthetics. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The cosmetic placing of color onto the nail of humans has loon been a desirable and part of the cosmetic world. The physical and chemical demands of color so applied are dramatic. Specifically, the following considerations need to be addressed (1) how to apply color in a film that is easy to applied in a process at ambient conditions; (2) how to obtain a cosmetically acceptable film, in terms of color clarity, and gloss; (3) how to maintain the film and the desirable properties that the consumer demands over a period of time that the film remains on the skin; (4) how to assure resistance to environmental insults the nails are subjected to during the lifetime of the polish; (5) and how to thoroughly remove the film efficiently and thoroughly when the consumer desires the removal, and finally how to do this in a cost effective way. 
     It must be clearly understood that the process of decorative application of color to the nails by a consumer is fundamentally different from painting a wall or other permanent film applications. Unlike the application of paint, nail colors need to be removable thoroughly and effectively at the whim of the consumer. The color is in many regards a fashion item and can change quite often in a short period of time. 
     This ability to be easily removed at any time, coupled with the need to be accomplished by the consumer in a home environment, places limitations upon the type of process that can be used, in terms of application technique (limited to brush application) at ambient conditions and using no special equipment. 
     In addition to need for facile application and removal as desired by the consumer, the films and the colors and other ingredients present in the film need to apply in a uniform film and remain functional and cosmetically acceptable on the nail in terms of scuffing, breaking when struck, pliable over the period of time during which they are on the nails. The film that forms in the above process must possess specific cosmetic benefits, including ability to disperse colors, be scuff resistant, resistant to cracking when struck, remain pliable and cosmetically appealing. One of the major properties the consumers finds appealing is gloss. Gloss in a film of this type is generally difficult to attain by adding ingredients. The inclusion of an aromatic components directly into the film. This is generally accomplished by adding into the reaction mixture, trimellitic anhydride. This aromatic anhydride alters the refractive index of the film providing gloss. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 4,301,046 issued in November 1981 to Mitchell Schlossman, a pioneer in the field, entitled Universal nail polish using polyester resin disclosed a nail polish is made from 92% to 96% ingredients including a film former, colorant, plasticizer and solvent; and 4% to 8% polyester resin made from 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol, isophthalic acid-85, and trimellitic anhydride, having an acid value of 75-85 and a viscosity of 125-175 centipoise. In another example, the polyester is made from 50.932% 2,2,4 trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol, 27.579% isophthalic acid-85, 0.186% dibutyl tin oxide catalyst and 21.303 trimellitic anhydride, having an acid value of 80 and a viscosity of 150 centipoise. 
     The inclusion of silicone as a reactant in the polymer mixture results in many highly desirable attributes and makes a more cosmetically appealing film. Firstly, polymers containing silicone result in better more uniform films when applied to the nail. Not wanting to be bound by a single theory, this appears to be the result of a lowering of the surface tension of the film when applied. Secondly, polymers containing silicone are more flexible when applied to the nails, this makes them less likely to break upon a physical insult, and less likely to undergo a cut damage when sharp items are encountered by the film. Finally, polymers containing silicone are more easily removed with acetone, in part because they are easily wet out by the solvent in silicone is present, a result related to the low surface tension of silicone containing films, compared to non silicone containing films of comparable composition. 
     THE INVENTION 
     Objective of the Invention 
     The present invention is drawn to a polymer that contains silicone within the polymer backbone. This results in new heretofore unattainable properties in nail polish. 
     In addition, the present invention is directed to a process for treating nails, which comprises contacting the nails with the polymers of the present invention additionally containing colors. Other Objectives of the invention will become clear as one reads the specification of the invention. 
     All patents referenced herein are incorporated herein by reference to the extent allowed. Unless specifically stated elsewhere all temperatures are in degrees C., and all % given are % by weight. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention is directed to a film-forming polymer which is synthesized by the esterification reaction of (1) a difunctional organic polyol; (2) a difunctional silicone polyol a difunctional; (3) an organic acid (4) a difunctional silicone and (5) trimellitic anhydride. By film forming is meant a polymer that is liquid at ambient temperatures, at 70-80% by weight polymer in 20-30% volatile solvent, typically acetone or butyl acetate but forms a uniform film when the solvent evaporates. The liquid solution at obtained by addition of solvent ambient temperature, is transformed when the solvent evaporates into a uniform film that adheres to the nail, and is removable using acetone in a subsequent step. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention is directed to a film-forming polymer which is synthesized by the esterification reaction of 
     (a) a difunctional organic polyol selected from the group consisting of 
     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
      
     
     and mixtures thereof; 
     (b) a difunctional silicone polyol which conforms the following structure; 
     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
      
     
     wherein; 
     a is an integer ranging from 1 to 20; 
     (c) a difunctional organic acid selected from the group consisting of;
 
HO—C(O)—(CH 2 ) b —C(O)—OH and
 
     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
      
     
     mixtures thereof; 
     wherein; 
     b is an integer ranging from 1 to 10; 
     (d) a difunctional silicone ester which conforms the following structure; 
     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
      
     
     wherein; 
     c is an integer ranging from 1 to 20; 
     and 
     (e) trimellitic anhydride conforming the following structure; 
     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
      
     
     The present invention is also directed to a process for applying color to the nail or skin which comprises of a film-forming polymer which is made by the reaction of; 
     (a) a difunctional organic polyol selected from the group consisting of 
     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
      
     
     (b) a difunctional silicone polyol which conforms the following structure; 
     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
      
     
     wherein; 
     a is an integer ranging from 1 to 20; 
     (c) a difunctional organic acid selected from the group consisting of;
 
HO—C(O)—(CH 2 ) b —C(O)—OH and
 
     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
      
     
     wherein; 
     b is an integer ranging from 1 to 10; 
     (d) a difunctional silicone acid which conforms the following structure; 
     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
      
     
     wherein; 
     c is an integer ranging from 1 to 20; 
     and 
     (e) trimellitic anhydride conforming the following structure; 
                                
additionally containing color and solvent.
 
     The proper selection raw materials used to make the polymers of the present inventions determine the properties of the film that result. The polymers of the present invention make films, which are of interest in making nail polish. 
     In order to make polymers suitable for the application, the polymer must be a liquid when present in butyl acetate, dry to a film upon evaporation, then become soluble again in solvents like acetone. It is this solubility which allows for application and removal, but as importantly, the polymer needs to have attributes the consumer finds desirable like gloss, resistance to scuff and flexibility. The applicant has surprisingly found that incorporating silicone containing reactants in the polymers of the present invention provides great scuff residence, great spread ability when compared to the polymer with the silicone absent, wear properties when applied to the nail and the ability to flow on the nail are all improved. 
     The inclusion of the trimellitic anhydride in the polymer increases the refractive index of the compounds of the present invention providing much desired gloss. Furthermore, the rigidity of the trimellitic repeat unit improves the durability of the film. It is well known when rigid units, in a polymer backbone, increase the glass transition temperature (T g ). 
     The compounds of the present invention are polyesters and as such avoid the undesirable properties of being made from vinyl reactive monomers, which need to be removed to vanishingly low concentrations to avoid potentially toxic products present in the polymers of the present invention. 
     PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     In a preferred embodiment the film-forming polymer which is made by the reaction of;
         (a) between 10 and 63% by weight of a difunctional organic polyol selected from the group consisting of;       

     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
      
         
         
           
             (b) a difunctional organic acid selected from the group consisting of;
 
HO—C(O)—(CH 2 ) b —C(O)—OH and
 
           
         
       
    
                                
wherein;
         b is an integer ranging from 1 to 10;   (c) between 2 and 10% by weight of a difunctional silicone polyol which conforms the following structure;       

     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
      
         
         
           
             wherein c is an integer ranging from 1 to 20;
 
and
 
             (d) 30-60% by weight of trimellitic anhydride conforming the following structure; 
           
         
       
    
     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
      
     
     In a preferred embodiment process the film-forming polymer additionally contains a solvent selected from the group consisting of butyl acetate and acetone. 
     In a preferred embodiment a is 1. 
     In a preferred embodiment a is 1. 
     In a preferred embodiment a is 5. 
     In a preferred embodiment a is 10. 
     In a preferred embodiment a is 20. 
     In a preferred embodiment b is 4. 
     In a preferred embodiment c is 1. 
     In a preferred embodiment c is 1. 
     In a preferred embodiment c is 5. 
     In a preferred embodiment c is 10. 
     EXAMPLES 
     Difunctional Organic Polyol 
     Example 1 
     Neopentyl Glycol 
     Neopentyl glycol is an item of commerce available from a variety of sources including BASF. It conforms to the following structure: 
                                
It has a CAS number of 126-30-7.
 
     Example 2 
     2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol 
     2 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol is an item of commerce available from a variety of sources including Sigma Aldrich. It conforms to the following structure: 
     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
      
     
     The CAS number is 144-19-4. 
     Difunctional Silicone Polyol 
     Examples 3-6 
     Difunctional silicone polymers are items of commerce commercially available from Siltech LLC of Lawrenceville Ga. They conform to the following structure; 
     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
      
     
     wherein 
     c is an integer ranging from 1 to 20; 
     a is an integer ranging from 1 to 20; 
     
       
         
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Example 
                 A value 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 3 
                 1 
               
               
                   
                 4 
                 5 
               
               
                   
                 5 
                 10 
               
               
                   
                 6 
                 20 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Difunctional Organic Acids 
     Examples 7-11 
     Difunctional organic acids are items of commerce commercially available from BASF. They conform to the following structure;
 
HO—C(O)—(CH 2 ) b —C(O)—OH
         wherein;   b is an integer ranging from 1 to 10.       

     
       
         
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Molecular Weight 
               
               
                 Example 
                 B 
                 (g/mol) 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 7 
                 5 
                 237 
               
               
                 8 
                 8 
                 367 
               
               
                 9 
                 15 
                 676 
               
               
                 10 
                 23 
                 1027 
               
               
                 11 
                 25 
                 1116 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Example 12 
     Isophthalic Acid 
     Isophthalic acid is an item of commerce commercially available from a number of suppliers including Tianjin Ruihui chemicals import &amp; export co., ltd. 
     It conforms to the following structure: 
     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
      
     
     It has a CAS number of 121-91-5. 
     Difunctional Silicone Acid 
     Examples 13-16 
     Difunctional silicone polymers are items of commerce commercially available from Siltech LLC of Lawrenceville Ga. They conform to the following structure; 
     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
      
     
     wherein; 
     c is an integer ranging from 1 to 20; 
     
       
         
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Example 
                 c value 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 13 
                 1 
               
               
                   
                 14 
                 5 
               
               
                   
                 15 
                 10 
               
               
                   
                 16 
                 20 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Example 17 
     Trimellitic Anhydride 
     Trimellitic anhydride is an item of commerce commercially available from Sigma Aldrich. It conforms the following structure; 
                                
CAS no. 552-30-7
 
EINECS 209-008-0
 
     Example 18 
     Butyl Acetate 
     Butyl acetate is an item of commerce commercially available from a variety of sources including Sciencelab.com, Inc. It conforms to the following structure; 
     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
      
     
     It has a CAS number of 123-86-4. 
     Example 19 
     Acetone 
     Acetone is an item of commerce commercially available from a variety of sources including Sigma Aldrich. 
     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
      
     
     It has a CAS number of 67-64-1. 
     By color is meant colors allowed by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) 
     Color Additives Permitted for Use in Cosmetics: Table 
     Apr. 30, 2008; Updated Jun. 20, 2008 and Feb. 22, 2010 
     The tables below are provided as a supplement to the information in the Summary of Color Additives Listed for Use in the United States in Food, Drugs, Cosmetics, and Medical Devices. They are intended for quick reference to help in determining which color additives may be used in different types of cosmetics, as provided for in Title 21 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Subpart C of Part 73 (Listing of Color Additives Exempt from Certification), Subpart C of Part 74 (Listing of Color Additives Subject to Certification), and Subparts C and D of Part 82 (Listing of Certified Provisionally Listed Colors and Specifications). For additional information on the permitted use, specifications, and restrictions that apply to each color additive, please refer to the appropriate listing regulation, using the links provided in the tables. For more information on the use of color additives in cosmetics in general, please see Color Additives and Cosmetics. 
     Color Additives that are Exempt from Certification and Permitted for Use in Cosmetics 
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
               
                 (21 CFR Part 73 Subpart C - Cosmetics) 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                   
                 Generally 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Eye 
                 (Includes 
                 External 
                 21 CFR 
               
               
                 Color Additive 
                 Area 
                 Lipsticks) 
                 Use 
                 Section 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Aluminum powder 
                 Yes 
                 No 
                 Yes 
                 73.2645 
               
               
                 Annatto 
                 Yes 
                 Yes 
                 Yes 
                 73.2030 
               
               
                 Bismuth citrate 
                 No 
                 No 
                 Subject to  
                 73.2110 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 limitations 
                   
               
               
                 Bismuth oxychloride 
                 Yes 
                 Yes 
                 Yes 
                 73.2162 
               
               
                 Bronze powder 
                 Yes 
                 Yes 
                 Yes 
                 73.2646 
               
               
                 Caramel 
                 Yes 
                 Yes 
                 Yes 
                 73.2085 
               
               
                 Carmine 
                 Yes 
                 Yes 
                 Yes 
                 73.2087 
               
               
                 β-Carotene 
                 Yes 
                 Yes 
                 Yes 
                 73.2095 
               
               
                 Chromium hydroxide 
                 Yes 
                 No 
                 Yes 
                 73.2326 
               
               
                 green 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Chromium oxide greens 
                 Yes 
                 No 
                 Yes 
                 73.2327 
               
               
                 Copper powder 
                 Yes 
                 Yes 
                 Yes 
                 73.2647 
               
               
                 Dihydroxyacetone 
                 No 
                 No 
                 Subject to  
                 73.2150 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 limitations 
                   
               
               
                 Disodium EDTA-copper 
                 No 
                 No 
                 Subject to  
                 73.2120 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 limitations 
                   
               
               
                 Ferric ammonium 
                 Yes 
                 No 
                 Yes 
                 73.2298 
               
               
                 ferrocyanide 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Ferric ferrocyanide 
                 Yes 
                 No 
                 Yes 
                 73.2299 
               
               
                 Guaiazulene 
                 No 
                 No 
                 Yes 
                 73.2180 
               
               
                 Guanine 
                 Yes 
                 Yes 
                 Yes 
                 73.2329 
               
               
                 Henna 
                 No 
                 No 
                 Subject to  
                 73.2190 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 limitations 
                   
               
               
                 Iron oxides 
                 Yes 
                 Yes 
                 Yes 
                 73.2250 
               
               
                 Lead acetate 
                 No 
                 No 
                 Subject to  
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 limitations 
                   
               
               
                 Luminescent zinc sulfide 
                 No 
                 No 
                 Subject to 
                 73.2995 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 limitations 
                   
               
               
                 Manganese violet 
                 Yes 
                 Yes 
                 Yes 
                 73.2775 
               
               
                 Mica 
                 Yes 
                 Yes 
                 Yes 
                 73.2496 
               
               
                 Potassium sodium copper 
                 No 
                 No 
                 Subject to  
                 73.2125 
               
               
                 chlorophyllin 
                   
                   
                 limitations 
                   
               
               
                 (chlorophyllin-copper 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 complex) 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Pyrophyllite 
                 No 
                 No 
                 Yes 
                 73.2400 
               
               
                 Silver 
                 No 
                 No 
                 Subject to  
                 73.2500 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 limitations 
                   
               
               
                 Titanium dioxide 
                 Yes 
                 Yes 
                 Yes 
                 73.2575 
               
               
                 Ultramarines 
                 Yes 
                 No 
                 Yes 
                 73.2725 
               
               
                 Zinc oxide 
                 Yes 
                 Yes 
                 Yes 
                 73.2991 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
               
                 Additives That Are Subject to Certification and  
               
               
                 Permitted for Use in Cosmetics* 
               
               
                 Includes Straight Colors and Lakes 
               
               
                 (21 CFR Part 74 Subpart - Cosmetics, and 21  
               
               
                 CFR Part 82 Subpart C - Drugs and Cosmetics and 
               
               
                 Subpart D - Externally Applied Drugs and Cosmetics) 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                   
                 Generally 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 (Includes 
                   
                 21 CFR 
               
               
                 Color Additive 
                 Eye Area** 
                 Lipsticks) 
                 External Use 
                 Section 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 D&amp;C Black  
                 Subject to 
                 Subject to  
                 Subject to  
                 74.2052 
               
               
                 No. 2 
                 Limitations 
                 Limitations 
                 Limitations 
                   
               
               
                 D&amp;C Black  
                 Subject to 
                 No 
                 Subject to 
                 74.2053 
               
               
                 No. 3 
                 Limitations 
                   
                 Limitations 
                   
               
               
                 FD&amp;C Blue  
                 Yes, also Al 
                 Yes 
                 Yes 
                 74.2101 
               
               
                 No. 1 
                 lake 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 D&amp;C Blue No. 4 
                 No 
                 No 
                 Yes 
                 74.2104 
               
               
                 D&amp;C Brown 
                 No 
                 No 
                 Yes 
                 74.2151 
               
               
                 No. 1 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 FD&amp;C Green  
                 No 
                 Yes 
                 Yes 
                 74.2203 
               
               
                 No. 3 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 D&amp;C Green No. 5 
                 Yes 
                 Yes 
                 Yes 
                 74.2205 
               
               
                 D&amp;C Green No. 6 
                 No 
                 No 
                 Yes  
                 74.2206 
               
               
                 D&amp;C Green No. 8 
                 No 
                 No 
                 Subject to 
                 74.2208 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Limitations 
                   
               
               
                 D&amp;C Orange  
                 No 
                 No 
                 Yes 
                 74.2254 
               
               
                 No. 4 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 D&amp;C Orange  
                 No 
                 Subject to 
                 Yes 
                 74.2255 
               
               
                 No. 5 
                   
                 Limitations 
                   
                   
               
               
                 D&amp;C Orange  
                 No 
                 No 
                 Yes 
                 74.2260 
               
               
                 No. 10 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 D&amp;C Orange  
                 No 
                 No 
                 Yes 
                 74.2261 
               
               
                 No. 11 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 FD&amp;C Red No. 4 
                 No 
                 No 
                 Yes 
                 74.2304 
               
               
                 D&amp;C Red No. 6 
                 No 
                 Yes 
                 Yes 
                 74.2306 
               
               
                 D&amp;C Red No. 7 
                 No 
                 Yes 
                 Yes 
                 74.2307 
               
               
                 D&amp;C Red No. 17 
                 No 
                 No 
                 Yes 
                 74.2317 
               
               
                 D&amp;C Red No. 21 
                 No 
                 Yes 
                 Yes 
                 74.2321 
               
               
                 D&amp;C Red No. 22 
                 No 
                 Yes 
                 Yes 
                 74.2322 
               
               
                 D&amp;C Red No. 27 
                 No 
                 Yes 
                 Yes 
                 74.2327 
               
               
                 D&amp;C Red No. 28 
                 No 
                 Yes 
                 Yes 
                 74.2328 
               
               
                 D&amp;C Red No. 30 
                 No 
                 Yes 
                 Yes 
                 74.2330 
               
               
                 D&amp;C Red No. 31 
                 No 
                 No 
                 Yes 
                 74.2331 
               
               
                 D&amp;C Red No. 33 
                 No 
                 Subject to 
                 Yes 
                 74.2333 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Limitations 
                   
                   
               
               
                 D&amp;C Red No. 34 
                 No 
                 No 
                 Yes 
                 74.2334 
               
               
                 D&amp;C Red No. 36 
                 No 
                 Subject to 
                 Yes 
                 74.2336 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Limitations 
                   
                   
               
               
                 FD&amp;C Red No. 40 
                 Yes, 
                 Yes 
                 Yes 
                 74.2340 
               
               
                 D&amp;C Violet  
                 No 
                 No 
                 Yes 
                 74.2602 
               
               
                 No. 2 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Ext. D&amp;C Violet  
                 No 
                 No 
                 Yes 
                 74.2602a 
               
               
                 No. 2 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 FD&amp;C Yellow  
                 Yes, also Al 
                 Yes 
                 Yes 
                 74.2705 
               
               
                 No. 5 
                 lake 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 FD&amp;C Yellow  
                 No 
                 Yes 
                 Yes 
                 74.2706 
               
               
                 No. 6 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 D&amp;C Yellow  
                 No 
                 No 
                 Yes 
                 74.2707 
               
               
                 No. 7 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Ext. D&amp;C Yellow  
                 No 
                 No 
                 Yes 
                 74.2707a 
               
               
                 No. 7 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 D&amp;C Yellow  
                 No 
                 No 
                 Yes 
                 74.2708 
               
               
                 No. 8 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 D&amp;C Yellow  
                 No 
                 Yes 
                 Yes 
                 74.2710 
               
               
                 No. 10 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 D&amp;C Yellow  
                 No 
                 No 
                 Yes 
                 74.2711 
               
               
                 No. 11 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 *Includes straight colors and lakes 
               
               
                 **Excludes lakes except where noted. Only aluminum lakes on alumina are permitted for designated lakes. 
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Preparation of the Polymers of the Present Invention 
     The compounds of the present invention are prepared by an esterification reaction. 
     General Procedure 
     To a suitable reaction flask, able to heat contents to 200° C. with good agitation and the ability to distill off water is added the specified number of grams of the specified difunctional glycol Examples 1-2); next add the specified number of grams of the specified difunctional silicone glycol Examples (3-6); next add the specified number of grams of the specified organic acid Examples (7-12); next add the specified number of grams of the specified trimellitic anhydride (Examples 17); finally add 0.2 grams of stannous oxylate. Heat to 170-190° C. and react for 4-6 hours, monitoring acid value. When acid value approaches 80 mg KOH/gm, cool the reaction mass. Once cool add 300 grams of butyl acetate. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Difunctional 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Difunctional 
                 Silicone 
                 Organic 
                 Difunctional  
                 Trimetillic 
               
               
                   
                 Glycol 
                 Glycol 
                 Acid 
                 Silicone 
                 Anhydride 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Examples 
                 Ex 
                 g 
                 Ex 
                 g 
                 Ex 
                 g 
                 Ex 
                 g 
                 Ex 
                 G 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 20 
                 1 
                 294 
                 3 
                 229 
                 7 
                 42 
                 13 
                 29 
                 17 
                 407 
               
               
                 21 
                 2 
                 419 
                 4 
                 94 
                 12 
                 25 
                 14 
                 95 
                 17 
                 367 
               
               
                 22 
                 1 
                 275 
                 5 
                 138 
                 9 
                 120 
                 15 
                 129 
                 17 
                 405 
               
               
                 23 
                 1 
                 333 
                 3 
                 54 
                 11 
                 184 
                 13 
                 27 
                 17 
                 402 
               
               
                 24 
                 2 
                 419 
                 4 
                 94 
                 12 
                 25 
                 14 
                 95 
                 17 
                 367 
               
               
                 25 
                 1 
                 305 
                 5 
                 150 
                 7 
                 36 
                 15 
                 141 
                 17 
                 368 
               
               
                 26 
                 2 
                 369 
                 6 
                 230 
                 11 
                 30 
                 16 
                 35 
                 17 
                 337 
               
               
                 27 
                 1 
                 382 
                 3 
                 63 
                 12 
                 32 
                 13 
                 32 
                 17 
                 491 
               
               
                 28 
                 2 
                 379 
                 4 
                 85 
                 9 
                 118 
                 14 
                 118 
                 17 
                 332 
               
               
                 29 
                 1 
                 295 
                 5 
                 148 
                 8 
                 55 
                 15 
                 139 
                 17 
                 363 
               
               
                 30 
                 2 
                 438 
                 3 
                 51 
                 12 
                 26 
                 14 
                 100 
                 17 
                 415 
               
               
                 31 
                 1 
                 389 
                 3 
                 63 
                 7 
                 24 
                 13 
                 24 
                 17 
                 415 
               
               
                 32 
                 2 
                 473 
                 3 
                 55 
                 7 
                 28 
                 13 
                 28 
                 17 
                 415 
               
               
                 33 
                 1 
                 211 
                 3 
                 25 
                 7 
                 12 
                 13 
                 12 
                 17 
                 415 
               
               
                 34 
                 2 
                 252 
                 4 
                 30 
                 12 
                 16 
                 15 
                 16 
                 17 
                 415 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     The products as prepared have 25% butyl acetate added to make a liquid solution at ambient temperature. When the solvent evaporates, a uniform film is left which adheres to the nail, and is removable using acetone. 
     APPLICATIONS EXAMPLES 
     The polymers of the present invention can be tailored for particular functionality as requested by the consumer. Firstly, as the concentration of aromatic compound (trimellitic anhydride and isophthalic acid), the refractive index of the film increases and the gloss increases. Matte films result when the concentration falls below 20% by weight. Secondly, as the concentration of the silicone difunctional silicone glycol increases in the polymer, the plasticity of the dry down film increases. Thirdly, if the concentration of the silicone polymer containing carboxyl groups is increases, the dry time of the film increases. This is because a C11 fatty group in incorporated into the molecule. Fourthly, it the organic acid concentration is increased, the film becomes more brittle. Brittle nail polishes crack and are not acceptable to the consumer. 
     It must be clearly understood that the films provided by the polymers of the present invention are by nature transient films that is the materials are low viscosity liquids when the butyl acetate is present. They spread easily on the nail. Incorporating silicone into the polymer enhances this spreadbility, as the resulting surface tension of the polymer in butyl acetate decreases from 32 dynes/cm to 25 dynes/cm. Once the film forms, it needs to efficiently disperse the color and once again silicone in the molecule helps in this regard. When the nail polish has outlived the consumer&#39;s interest in it, the film must be effectively removed with solvents like acetone. If the film is too heavily crosslinked, the film deposited will be very difficult to remove. 
     In short, the perfect nail polish is a balancing act. Balancing the ease of application, spreadability, color deposition, gloss, flexibility and ease of removal. Silicone in the molecule results in an ability to enhance the various properties demanded by the consumer, and adds an overall unexpected improvement in many of the properties when made in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. 
     While the illustrative embodiments of the invention have been described with particularity, it will be understood that various other modifications will be apparent to and can be readily made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, it is not intended that the scope of the claims appended hereto be limited to the examples and descriptions set forth hereinabove but rather that the claims be construed as encompassing all the features of patentable novelty which reside in the present invention, including all features which would be treated as equivalents thereof by those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains.