Abstract:
Tools, devices, apparatus, systems and methods to enhance ball handling skills and reduce and eliminate fumbling of balls, from football players, basketball players and the like. The training tool can be used to improve ball security for football players of every level to reduce or even eliminate fumbling. The tool can simulate the forces imparted on a football that can cause a fumble during the game. Used during various drills in practice, the invention will improve the player&#39;s ability to maintain possession of the football during actual game play. The invention assembly can include a ball (such as a football, basketball or rugby ball), a rope, and a reciprocating handle weight subassembly. The tools can use a slightly vertical handheld sliding reciprocating weight with or without a spring(s), or motor, in order to cause shockwaves that pass to a player carrying a ball to simulate a fumbling condition during a game, where other players are trying to slap or grab or push or jar loose a ball from the grasp of the ball carrier. The reciprocating weight can be quickly pumped and/or jerked by the trainer/coach during drills to surprise and replicate a fumbling condition.

Description:
FIELD OF INVENTION 
     This invention relates to ball handling training, in particular to tools, devices, apparatus, systems and methods to enhance ball handling skills and reduce and eliminate fumbling of balls, from football players, basketball players, rugby players and the like. 
     BACKGROUND AND PRIOR ART 
     Fumbling a game ball, such as a football has been a problem since the invention of the game. When a player who has possession of the ball fumbles, it can change to the course of a game, a season, and even a career. No better example exists than Ernest Byner&#39;s fumble in the 1987 AFC Championship Game. When Ernest Byner fumbled the ball at the opposing team&#39;s 2 yard line with 1:12 to play, it changed not only the game, but many people believe the entire Cleveland Brown&#39;s franchise. This well known fumble was such a historic event that it has its own Wikipedia page titled simply, “The Fumble.” Even though Ernest Byner went on to several Pro Bowls and won a Superbowl ring with the Washington Redskins, he is still most remembered for The Fumble. This shows the importance of ball security better than any other story. 
     It has become customary for trainers and coaches to follow players as they perform drills and punch, slap, or hit the ball with their hand to simulate game like conditions. There are several problems with this technique. One, it is very difficult if not impossible to simulate the element of surprise. The player will almost always see the trainer or coach (the word trainer will be used from this point forward to mean the person holding the Slap Handle) and know the impact is coming. Two, it is very strenuous on the trainer. He must move with the player and attempt to hit the ball with the same force a trained athlete will be applying during the game. Lastly, it is not very effective. The trainer cannot hit the ball with precision very often, and the force is not nearly as high as it would be if the trainer were an actual opposing player running full speed to tackle the ball carrier and contacting the ball with their helmet. The invention overcomes all of these shortcomings, and provides the best tool in existence for training players to secure the football. 
     The Fisher Tug-A-Ball product attempts to address some of the issues by allowing the trainer to tug on the ball during drills, but it is simply a nylon strap having one end that covers the ball and the trainer pulls on the other end of the elongated strap. This simple strap does not address the issue of insufficient force as the pulling motion will create only a low force without the simulation of a sharp impact that would result from an opposing player hitting the ball with their helmet or punching at the ball to cause a fumble. Additionally, it does not address the issue of stress and strain on the trainer as it will place a lot of stress on the arm and shoulder of the trainer if they try to recreate game-like forces. Additionally, the raised straps wrapped around the football changes the gripping surface so that it no longer feels like a football, and thus, is not a realistic simulation of holding onto a real football. 
     Various types of patents have been disclosed over the years that attach tether type lines to footballs. See for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,042,404 to Masters; 3,227,450 to Pruitt; 3,804,409 to Schachner; 3,940,133 to Civita. However, these devices are generally limited cords and elastic type bands that are primarily used for retrieving footballs. These devices have little capability of being useful for fumble training over the previously described Fisher Tug-A-Ball product. 
     Other types of modified footballs have been developed specifically for fumble training that use weighted footballs. See for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,450,407 to Russo and 5,261,661 to Lemmon. However, a weighted ball does not allow for a trainer to surprise the player being trained, and again does not simulate the game like forces of an opposing player attempting to punch, hit or immediately pull the football away from a player. 
     Other types of ball handling games such as basketball, rugby, and the like have similar fumbling problems to those referenced above. Thus, the need exists for solutions to the above problems with the prior art. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     A primary objective of the present invention is to provide tools, devices, apparatus, systems and methods to enhance ball handling skills and reduce and eliminate fumbling of balls, from football players, rugby players, and the like. 
     A secondary objective of the invention is to provide tools, devices, apparatus, systems and methods to train players to hold a ball in the most secure manner possible at all times in a game to reduce or even eliminate fumbling. 
     A third objective of the present invention is to provide to tools, devices, apparatus, systems and methods to enhance ball handling skills and reduce and eliminate fumbling of balls, from football or basketball or rugby players that replicate real game conditions of an opposing player attempting to slap, hit, grab or pull a ball from another player. 
     A fourth objective of the present invention is to provide to tools, devices, apparatus, systems and methods to enhance ball handling skills and reduce and eliminate fumbling of balls, from football or basketball or rugby players, using a surprise force that attempts to force a fumble of the ball from the player. 
     A fifth objective of the present invention is to provide to tools, devices, apparatus, systems and methods to enhance ball handling skill, reduce and eliminate fumbling of balls, from football or basketball or rugby players, that will not place excessive stress on the arm and shoulder of the trainer if they try to recreate game-like forces to dislodge the ball from the player. 
     A training tool for enhancing ball handling skills, can include a slidable handle having an outer grip surface with a weighted end, and a hollow interior, a post having an upper end and a lower end with an enlarged base, wherein the handle freely slides up and down on the post between the upper end and the enlarged base, and a cord having a first end attached to the tool and a second end adapted to be attached to a ball, wherein gripping the outer surface of the handle allows a trainer to flick the handle along the post so that the weight impacts another surface causing a shockwave that travels down the cord to the attached ball. 
     The first end of the cord can be attached to the a ring on the post. 
     The enlarged base of the post can include an impact surface for receiving the weighted end of the sliding handle. 
     The ball can be a football. The ball can be a basketball, or rugby ball. 
     The post can be hollow, and the cord passes through the upper end of the post and exits out of the post adjacent to the enlarged base. 
     The enlarged base of the post can include an impact surface for receiving the weighted end of the sliding handle. At least one spring can be used for attaching a top end of the handle to the upper end of the post, and the weighted handle is on a bottom of the handle. Two springs or more, can be used, each on opposite sides of the post for attaching the top end of the handle to the upper end of the post. 
     The weighted end of the sliding handle can include a lower surface with a recess portion for crimping a portion of the cord when the weighted end of the sliding handle strikes the impact surface of the enlarged base of the post. 
     The impact surface of the enlarged base can include an impact surface with a recess portion for crimping a portion of the cord when the weighted end of the sliding handle strikes the impact surface of the enlarged base of the post. 
     A training method for enhancing ball handling skills of a player can include the steps of providing a post having an enlarged end, attaching one end of a cord to the post, attaching an opposite end of the cord to a ball, stretching the cord to a taught condition by having one person hold the ball and another person holding the post, sliding a weight on the post to impact the enlarged end, and generating a shockwave to the ball through the stretched cord. The ball can be a football. The ball can be a basketball. The ball can be a rugby ball. The method can include the step of reciprocating the sliding weight back to an initial position by at least one spring, and repeating the impacts to continuously generate shockwaves to the player carrying the ball. 
     Further objects and advantages of this invention will be apparent from the following detailed description of the presently preferred embodiments which are illustrated schematically in the accompanying drawings. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES 
       Dynamic Version 
         FIG. 1  shows a dynamic slap handle invention at rest attached by a cord to a football. 
         FIG. 1A  is another view of the slap handle at rest with attached football of  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 1B  shows the slap handle of  FIG. 1A  at impact position with attached football. 
         FIG. 1C  shows the slap handle of  FIG. 1B  moved back by the springs to rest position. 
         FIG. 2  is an enlarged view of the dynamic slap handle of  FIGS. 1 and 1A  at rest. 
         FIG. 3A  is a cross-sectional view of the dynamic slap handle of  FIG. 2 . 
         FIG. 3B  is an enlarged upper cross-sectional view of the dynamic slap handle of  FIG. 3A . 
         FIG. 3C  is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the entire dynamic slap handle of  FIG. 3A . 
         FIG. 4A  is a cross-sectional view of the dynamic slap handle of  FIG. 1B  slid to impact position. 
         FIG. 4B  is an enlarged lower cross-sectional view of the dynamic slap handle of  FIG. 4A . 
         FIG. 5  is another cross-sectional view of the dynamic slap handle of  FIG. 1C  having been retracted back by the springs to the rest position. 
         FIG. 6  is a cross-sectional view of the football and cord connection of  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 7A  is a top view of trainer in front of a ball carrier using the novel invention. 
         FIG. 7B  is a side view of the trainer in front of the ball carrier of  FIG. 7A . 
         FIG. 8A  is a top view of a trainer behind a ball carrier using the novel invention. 
         FIG. 8B  is a side view of the trainer behind the ball carrier of  FIG. 8A . 
       Static Version 
         FIG. 9  shows a static slap handle invention at rest attached by a cord to a football. 
         FIG. 9A  is another view of the slap handle at rest with attached football of  FIG. 9 . 
         FIG. 9B  shows the slap handle of  FIG. 9A  at impact position with attached football. 
         FIG. 9C  shows the slap handle of  FIG. 9B  moved back to rest position. 
         FIG. 10  is an enlarged view of the static slap handle of  FIGS. 9 and 9A  at rest. 
         FIG. 11  shows the dynamic slap handle attached to a basketball. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     Before explaining the disclosed embodiments of the present invention in detail it is to be understood that the invention is not limited in its applications to the details of the particular arrangements shown since the invention is capable of other embodiments. Also, the terminology used herein is for the purpose of description and not of limitation. 
     A list of components will now be described.
       1 . dynamic slap handle embodiment with football     2 . football     4 . laces     10 . cord     12 . knot or swage inside ball     18 . free end of cord coming out of slap handle     20 . dynamic slap handle     30 . top flanged nut on top of tube     32 . outwardly extending edges     33 . through-holes in edges     40 . left spring     42 . upper hook end     48 . lower hook end     50 . right spring     52 . upper hook end     58 . lower hook end     60 . hollow handle tube     67 . lower side opening     70 . sliding handle grip     80 . weight on bottom of sliding handle grip     87 . angled edges (chamfers)     90 . enlarged base on tube with impact upper surface     92 . impact surface     95 . recessed area or groove or step in impact surface     97 . angled edges (chamfers)     98 . lower self locking nut fastener     99 . lower side opening for tying off cord to convert dynamic to static     100 . static slap handle embodiment with football     102 . football     110 . cord     130 . eye hole ring for top of post     160 . post/tube     170 . sliding handle grip     180 . weight on bottom of sliding handle grip     190 . enlarged base on post/tube with impact upper surface     200 . basketball version     202 . basketball
 
Dynamic Version
   

       FIG. 1  shows an embodiment  1  dynamic slap handle invention  20  at rest attached by a cord  10  to a football  2 .  FIG. 1A  is another view of the slap handle  20  at rest with attached football  2  of  FIG. 1 .  FIG. 1B  shows the dynamic slap handle  20  of  FIG. 1A  at impact position with attached football  2 .  FIG. 1C  shows the dynamic slap handle  20  of  FIG. 1B  moved back by the springs  40 ,  50  to rest position. The different positions of the dynamic slap handle  20  will be described in relation to  FIGS. 2-5 , and the football  2  and cord  10  attachment will be described in reference to  FIG. 6   
       FIG. 2  is an enlarged view of the dynamic slap handle  20  of  FIGS. 1 and 1A  at rest.  FIG. 3A  is a cross-sectional view of the dynamic slap handle  20  of  FIG. 2 .  FIG. 3B  is an enlarged upper cross-sectional view of the dynamic slap handle  20  of  FIG. 3A .  FIG. 3C  is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the entire dynamic slap handle  20  of  FIG. 3A . 
     Referring to  FIGS. 1 ,  1 A,  1 B,  1 C,  2 ,  3 A,  3 B, and  3 C, the dynamic slap handle  20  can include an enlarged top  30  such as a self locking flanged nut having internal threads that mateably thread about outer threads on top of a hollow tube  60 . The enlarged top  30  (such as the flanged lock nut) can provide a shoulder to mount the return springs  40 ,  50  and prevent the sliding handle grip  70  with sliding weight  80  from separating from the slap handle  20 . The enlarged top  30  can have outwardly extending edges  32  having through holes  33  where the upper hook ends  42 ,  52  of left spring  40  and right spring  50  respectively hook onto. Each of the spring hook ends  42 ,  52  loops through the through-holes  33  in flange edges  32  of the enlarged top  30 . The lower hook ends  48 ,  58  of each of the springs  40 ,  50  similarly hook onto through-holes on the upper end of the sliding handle grip  70 . The springs  40 ,  50  are used as return springs to keep the sliding handle grip  70  in a rest or “armed” position for quick repeating impacts of the weight  80  on the bottom of the sliding handle grip  70 . 
     The return springs  40 ,  50  can be replaceable should they become worn, break, or stretch to a point that they are no longer effective. Another benefit of this feature is that by varying the unsprung length of the spring the travel distance of the sliding weight  80  can be varied. This is important because the distance the sliding weight  80  has to travel to make contact will directly affect the amount of force generated. For younger players, the trainer may want to use less force than they would at the professional level. The trainer could simply change out the return springs  40 ,  50  to reduce the sliding weight  80  travel and therefore reduce the amount of force the ball carrier will experience. 
     The sliding handle grip  70  can have an outer contoured (concave curved surface) to allow for enhanced gripping action by the single hand of a trainer. Wrapped about the sliding handle  70  can be an ergonomic rubber grip that is designed for comfort and safety. The rubber grip can reduce the shock transmitted to the user holding the slap handle  20  and will prevent the user&#39;s hand from slipping off the sliding handle  70  with sliding weight  80 . The inside the sliding handle grip  70  is hollow so as to allow for the handle grip  70  to freely and loosely slide about the hollow tube  60 . The bottom of the sliding handle grip  70  can have a weight  80 , such as a metal weight fixably attached thereon. The slide weight  80  can be a metal mass that is free to slide up and down the handle tube  70  with little or no resistance (when the return springs  40 ,  50  are not attached). 
     The novel slap handle  20  can utilize sliding weights  80  of different masses to control the amount of force that is transmitted to the football  2 . A more massive sliding weight  80  will generate a higher impact force than less massive sliding weight  80 . The design of the football  2  even allows for interchangeability of this feature. 
     Fixably attached to the bottom of the hollow tube  70  can be an enlarged hollow base  90 , having a fastener, such as a self locking nut  98  with internal threads that mateably thread about outer threaded surface on a bottom of the hollow tube  70 . The handle stop  90  (enlarged base) can be a metal disk that is threaded onto the bottom of the handle tube  60 . The top of the enlarged base  90  can have an impact surface  92  with a groove or lower step portion  95  that allows the cord  10  to pass therethrough. The enlarged base  90  functions as a stop for the sliding handle grip  70  so that a shockwave (pressure pulse) from the weight  80  impacting with the impact surface  95  of the base  90  is able to be transferred to the cord  10 , which will now be described. The cord  10  passes through the top of the hollow tube  60  and out a lower side-opening  67  in the tube  60 . 
     The cord  10  can be a nylon rope that has a smooth, soft finish to protect the end user. The cord  10  can be a high tensile strength rope that can handle the large forces created by the Slap Handle without stretching or failing. The end of the cord that is not terminated inside the football  2  can be knotted to prevent the cord from accidently coming all the way out of the Slap Handle  20 . This knot can be easily undone to allow the conversion of the Dynamic version to a Static of  FIGS. 9-10 . The cord  10  can also be selected to handle the bad weather environment in which football or basketball is often practiced and played. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 1 ,  1 A,  1 B,  1 C,  2 ,  3 A,  3 B, and  3 C, the handle tube  60  can be a metal tube  60  (such as but not limited to steel, aluminum and the like) that allows the cord  10  attached to the football  2  to slide freely down the inside of the tube  60  and exit out of the tube  60  through a lower side hole  67  located adjacent to where the tube  60  and the handle stop  90  (enlarged base) intersect. This allows the distance between the football and the slap handle  20  to vary while keeping the slide handle grip  70  with slide weight  80  in its rest and armed position. 
       FIG. 4A  is a cross-sectional view of the dynamic slap handle  20  of  FIG. 1B  slid to impact position.  FIG. 4B  is an enlarged lower cross-sectional view of the dynamic slap handle  20  of  FIG. 4A . 
     Referring to  FIGS. 1-4B , when the slide weight  80  on the bottom of the gripping handle  70  is slid down the tube  60  in a slapping, jarring manner, the bottom of the sliding weight  80  will pinch the cord  10  so that the cord  10  becomes taut and capable of transmitting load to the football  2 . At the exact moment the cord  10  is pinched, the sliding weight  80  also contacts the handle stop  90  (enlarged base) and creates a large impact force. This impact force (shockwave) is transmitted through the now taut cord to the football  2 . 
     The handle stop  90  (enlarged base) can be impacted by the sliding weight  80  on the bottom of the sliding handle  70  to create the large impact force which is transmitted to the ball. It also provides the surface for the sliding weight  80  to pinch the cord  10 . The side hole  67  in the handle tube  60  can be located adjacent to the top of the recessed or grooved or stepped surface  95  in the handle stop  90  where the cord  10  exits the tube  60  at side opening  67 . This is the pinch point for the cord  10 . Chamfers (angled edges)  87  on the sliding weight  80  and chamfers (angled edges)  97  on the handle stop  90  can prevent damage to the cord  10  from the pinching action. There can also be a hole  99  adjacent the bottom of the handle stop  90  for tying off the cord  10  to convert the Dynamic version to a Static version as described below. 
     As previously described, the return springs  40 ,  50  can be tension springs attached to the enlarged top  30  (flanged lock nut) and to the top of the sliding handle  70  that hold the slide weight  80  in the rest and armed position until the user is ready to actuate the slap handle  10  and create the impact force shock that is transmitted to the football  2 . Once the sliding weight  80  is slapped down onto the handle stop  90  (enlarged base) the return springs  40 ,  50  are in tension, and immediately after the impact the springs  40 ,  50  pull the sliding handle grip  70  with sliding weight  80  back to its rest and armed position. This allows the impact force to be repetitively applied during drills. The springs  40 ,  50  can be sized so that they are able to hold the sliding handle grip  70  with sliding weight  80  in the rest and armed position even when the cord  1  is being feed out of the side of the handle tube  60  (thus overcoming any friction created), yet the springs  40 ,  50  do not impede the actuation of the slap handle  20  (not so strong that the user can&#39;t make the sliding weight  80  slaps into the handle stop  90  (enlarged base). 
     The nut  98 , such as standard lock nut can be used as a jam nut to prevent the shock of the impact forces from backing off the handle stop  90  (enlarged base) from the handle tube  60 . It also allows the handle stop  90  (enlarged base) to be properly located with the recessed area  95  aligned with the cord exit hole  67  in the handle tube  60 , and then locked into that position. 
       FIG. 5  is another cross-sectional view of the dynamic slap handle  20  of  FIG. 1C  having been retracted back by the springs  40 ,  50  to the rest position. 
       FIG. 6  is a cross-sectional view of the football  2  and attachment for the cord  10  of  FIG. 1 . The football  2  can be a standard regulation football (all official sizes can be used) that has a cord end permanently attached to the inside of the ball, which then exits the ball at one of the two points (where the four panels of the football meet, aka the “tip”). With the exception of the cord, the ball can have the exact same feel, size, shape, and weight (within two ounces) of a regulation ball used in officially sanctioned games. This allows the end user to train with a ball that feels exactly the same in practice as in the game. The cord  10  attached by entering the football  2  at the point, looping through the laces  4  (the part of the laces inside the football), and then wrapping back to itself and terminating via knot  12  or swage to itself. All of this takes place inside the football without damaging the internal bladder of the ball. This leaves the cord  10  exiting the ball as the only visible difference from a regulation game ball  2 . 
     The football  2  can be fabricated with any size football for use at any level or age group. The concept of operation is the exact same, but having various sizes of footballs allows for players to use the exact football  2  they will use in competition. This also allows players that are ready to move to the next level to practice with a ball  2  they will be using in the future to better prepare themselves. 
       FIG. 7A  is a top view of trainer T in front of a ball carrier P using the novel invention.  FIG. 7B  is a side view of the trainer T in front of the ball carrier P of  FIG. 7A .  FIG. 8A  is a top view of a trainer T behind a ball carrier P using the novel invention.  FIG. 8B  is a side view of the trainer T behind the ball carrier P of  FIG. 8A . 
     Holding the Slap Hammer 
     Referring to  FIGS. 1-8B , the trainer T grabs the contoured surface of the sliding handle  70  with their dominant hand and hold the slap handle  20  at an approximate angle of 45 degrees with respect to horizontal (i.e. 45 degrees from parallel to the ground) with the handle stop  90  (enlarged base) at the bottom (i.e. closer to the ground). The trainer T should hold the sliding handle grip  70  firmly so that the slap handle  20  will not be jarred from the trainers hand even under high impact loads. The opposite end of the cord  10  with the football  2  attached should be going away from the trainer&#39;s front, so that the trainee (the ball carrier) P will be holding the ball  2  and standing in front of the trainer  2 . The springs  40 ,  50  will keep the slap handle  20  in the “armed” position (the “armed” position is when the cord  10  is free to go in and out of the handle tube  60 , and that the sliding weight  80  is several inches from the handle stop  90  and ready to be slid down the handle tube  60  to contact the handle stop impact surface  92 ). The trainer T should hold the excess end  18  of the cord  10  that exits opening  67  with their other hand. This hand will actively retract the cord to maintain tautness in the cord, or passively allow the cord to feed out during drills. 
     Location of the Ball Carrier 
     The ball carrier P should stand in front of the trainer T either facing the trainer T or facing away from the trainer T, with the difference being the direction of the force that will be imparted to the ball  2 . It is solely up to the preference of the trainer T and how they would like to execute the drill, but it is recommended that equal time be spent with the ball carrier P in each position. It should be noted here that each position simulates different real life forces that the ball carrier P will experience in game situations. 
     Once the trainer T decides where they prefer to stand for the impending drill, the player P should take hold of the football  2  and the pair T 7 P should move to a distance of approximately 15 feet apart. It should be noted that the distance of 15 feet can be varied to meet the preferences of the trainer and the ball carrier P, or for specific drills. 
     The trainer T should remove most or all of the slack in the cord between the ball carrier C and the trainer T by pulling the cord  10  through the side opening  67  in the handle tube  60  with the hand holding the excess cord  10  as described above. 
     Holding the Football 
     The football  2  should be held by the player P being trained as he would normally hold a football  2 ; with four points of contact (the fingertips, the forearm, the bicep, and the chest), and high and tight to the body. If the ball carrier P is to be facing away from the trainer T, then the ball  2  should be held with the cord  10  exiting the ball  2  and going behind the player P. Likewise, if the ball carrier P is to be facing toward the trainer  10 , the ball should be held with the rope exiting the ball  2  and going in front of the player. Care should be taken that the cord  10  is not tangled or wrapped around anything or any body part. 
     Actuating the Slap Handle 
     Once the ball carrier P and the trainer T are in the proper positions, holding the slap handle  20  properly, and holding the football  20  in the proper position, the trainer T is ready to actuate the slap handle  20 . The ball carrier P can either be standing still or in motion, depending on the drill. Once ready to actuate the slap handle  20 , the trainer T should keep the cord  10  taut by either pulling the excess rope  18  through the opening  67  in the handle tube  60 , or allowing the cord to be feed out as necessary. When the trainer T is ready to impart the impact force on the ball  2 , the trainer T shall slide the sliding handle grip  70  with sliding weight  80  down toward the handle stop  90  quickly, causing the sliding weight  90  to slap into the impact surface  92  of the handle stop  90 . The speed of actuation will change the force imparted onto the ball  2 , and it will be up to the preference of the trainer T how quickly to slide the sliding weight  80  down to the handle stop  90 . The springs  40 ,  50  will cause the sliding handle grip  70  and sliding weight  80  to reset automatically so that the slap handle  20  is ready for the next actuation. The amount of actuations and the duration of the drill are up to the preference of the trainer T. Should the ball carrier P move away from the trainer T during the drill, the cord  10  is simply allowed to feed out between actuations of the slap handle  20 . If the ball carrier P moves toward the trainer T, the trainer T shall use their free hand (the one holding the excess cord  18 ) to pull the cord  10  through the handle tube  60  to remove slack so that the cord remains taut between actuations of the slap handle  20 . 
     The trainer or coach T can repeat the impact force generation as often as they wish in order to teach the player not to easily fumble the carried football. 
     Although the enlarged base  90  (handle stop) and bottom of tube  60  are shown as separate components, the invention can have a one piece formed enlarged stop on the bottom of the tube. Also, although the enlarged top and top of the tube are shown as separate components, these parts can also be formed from one piece. 
     While the enlarged base is shown as the impact stop, the invention can be practiced by having the enlarged top become the impact stop. Alternatively, both the enlarged top and the enlarged bottom can be used as impact stops as well. 
     Although the recessed portion or step is shown in the impact surface of the enlarged base, the recessed portion can be on the bottom of the sliding weight. 
     The invention can be made from materials design to survive the elements. However, it is recommended that the equipment be stored in a clean, dry condition. Additionally, care should be taken to clean all mud and debris from the slap handle  20  to ensure smooth operation and optimal performance. 
     Overall, the football  2  can be customized using a variety of football sizes and various sliding weight masses to achieve the perfect combination for any age group 
     Conversion to Static Version (from the Dynamic Version) 
     There can be drills or instances where the trainer would prefer the length of cord between the slap handle  20  and the football  2  to be fixed. In these cases, the cord  10  can simply be feed down the tube  60  to exit out of the bottom instead of the exit hole  67  where the tube  60  and handle stop  90  meet. Then the cord  10  is routed up the inside cavity of the handle stop  90 , out through the tie-off hole  98  in the handle stop  90 , and looped around and tied off to itself. Using a secure knot, the cord will now maintain a fixed length between the slap handle  20  and the football  2 . 
     Static Version 
       FIG. 9  shows a static slap handle invention  100  at rest attached by a cord  110  to a football  102 .  FIG. 9A  is another view of the static slap handle  100  at rest with attached football  2  of  FIG. 9 .  FIG. 9B  shows the static slap handle  100  of  FIG. 9A  at impact position with attached football  102 .  FIG. 9C  shows the static slap handle  100  of  FIG. 9B  moved back to rest position.  FIG. 10  is an enlarged view of the static slap handle  100  of  FIGS. 9 and 9A  at rest. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 9-10 , the static version  100  eliminates the need for return springs  40 ,  50 , by having the end of the cord  10  tied off on an eyehole ring  130  that is fixably attached to an upper end of a post/tube  160 . Here, the slidable hand grip  170  with ergonomic contoured surface has a sliding weight  180  at the bottom, which freely slides up and down on the post/tube  160 . An enlarged base  190  such as a flanged nut is threaded onto exterior threads on the bottom of post/tube  160  to create a handle stop. The operator (trainer or coach) can pump and/or jerk their hand up and down holding the static version  100  causing the sliding weight to continuously impact the top of the flanged nut. The user operates the static version similar to the dynamic version and imparts a shockwave (pulse) down the taught cord  110  to the football  102  each time the sliding weight hits the base, order to teach the player not to fumble the carried football  102 . 
       FIG. 11  shows another version  200  of the dynamic slap handle  1  or static handle  100  can be attached to a basketball  202 . Similarly, both the static or dynamic versions described above, can also be used to teach basketball players from fumbling the ball. 
     Still furthermore, the invention can be used with reducing and eliminating ball fumbling from other sports, such as but not limited to rugby, and the like. 
     Motorized Slap Handle 
     A motorized version of the invention can be similar in operation to the dynamic version and can allow for the cord  10  to move freely until the point of actuation just like the dynamic version, and it uses the moving mass (the sliding weight) to both create the impact force and to pinch the cord to lock it into position (relative to the ball). However, in the motorized version, the mass is put into motion by a mechanism that is push button actuated, as opposed to the user manually moving the mass to impact the Handle Stop component of the slap handle  20 . 
     The mechanism used to move the mass can either be a pneumatic piston that is charged with air or fluid, or a solenoid that uses an electric current. 
     For the pneumatic or fluid version, an air compressor or pump recharges the piston between each actuation. When the actuation button is pressed on the slap handle, the piston is mechanically released and the air pressure built up in the piston shoots the piston, and thus the mass, down toward the handle stop to create the impact force and pinch the cord. 
     In the solenoid version, when the actuation button is pressed the coil of the solenoid can create a magnetic force to accelerate the moving mass (made from a ferrous material such as iron) down toward the handle stop. The mass impacts the handle stop creating the impact force and pinching the rope. This version can be run off a battery or off 120 volts AC (standard household electricity). 
     While the invention has been described, disclosed, illustrated and shown in various terms of certain embodiments or modifications which it has presumed in practice, the scope of the invention is not intended to be, nor should it be deemed to be, limited thereby and such other modifications or embodiments as may be suggested by the teachings herein are particularly reserved especially as they fall within the breadth and scope of the claims here appended.