Abstract:
A platform for converting a signal between optical and electrical form and vice versa is provided. The platform includes a dielectric mount, a semiconductor light source and optical fibers. Some of these components are fabricated separately and then brought together in an integrated assembly together with a focusing lens. The platform permits the self-alignment of the optical fibers in a flip-chip vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) array module package. The self-alignment of the optical fibers is achieved by the engineering of the geometrical dimensions of the platform. The techniques may be used to form large-scale integrated opto-electronic circuits and switching networks.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION  
       [0001]    This application claims priority to provisional patent application No. 60/363,880 filed Mar. 14, 2002. 
     
    
     
       FIELD OF THE INVENTION  
         [0002]    The present invention relates to packaging opto-electronic components and, more particularly, to an integrated platform for facilitating the physical and optical coupling of light transmitting and receiving devices to optical fibers.  
         BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0003]    Optical fiber technology is well suited for communications applications because optical fibers have a wide transmission bandwidth and relatively low attenuation. However, optical fiber interfaces to electronic and optical networks are expensive to manufacture because of the difficulty associated with mounting laser transmitting and receiving devices onto substrates and aligning them with separately mounted optical fibers. For this reason, optical fiber technology has been widely implemented in long haul communication systems where the interfaces are relatively few. Long haul communications systems are also relatively price insensitive. However, the high cost of manufacturing fiber optic interfaces has been a barrier that has slowed the penetration of fiber optic technology into local metropolitan area communication systems and other markets.  
           [0004]    To appreciate the coupling and alignment difficulties associated with coupling lasers to optical fibers, one must consider the geometry and dimensions of optical fibers, optical packages and laser transmitting and receiving devices. An optical fiber is an extruded, typically glass, strand that has a central core for carrying light and a surrounding cladding that facilitates internal reflection of light back into the core. During use, light is transmitted into the core of one end of the optical fiber at an acceptable angle. The incident light then travels down the fiber core to the other end of the fiber.  
           [0005]    A typical single mode optical fiber has a core diameter of approximately 9 microns while a multi-mode fiber has a core diameter of approximately 50 or 62.5 microns. Because of the small dimensions of optical fiber cores, aligning optical fibers with laser transmitting and receiving devices, which have aperture sizes that vary from approximately 2 to 10 microns, is difficult. The problem is particularly acute when devices are aligned with single mode fibers because of their small core diameter.  
           [0006]    There are two techniques for aligning optical fibers and devices on a package or platform: passive alignment and active alignment. Active alignment is performed by activating a light emitting device, bringing the optical fiber into position for mounting on the package, and selecting the location for mounting when the amount of light being coupled into the optical fiber (or photo-detector of the device) exceeds a given threshold. By contrast, passive alignment is performed based on the geometry of the components for assembly, without active use of a laser in the alignment process. Accordingly, passive alignment relies on placement accuracy and acceptable manufacturing tolerances to produce a reliable and repeatable assembly process.  
           [0007]    Passive alignment based on a single integrated optical platform has been somewhat successful for multi-mode fiber coupling. This is because of the relatively large core diameter of multi-mode fibers. However, improved alignment techniques are required. In contrast, passive alignment of single mode fibers has been elusive. This is because of the tight tolerances and limitations required to optically couple a laser beam between the aperture of a laser transmitting or receiving device and the small core of a single mode fiber. The problem is exacerbated by the use of inexpensive though desirable materials for the platform, which may inherently have manufacturing tolerances that are difficult to control.  
           [0008]    A typical method for mounting semiconductor devices onto optical platforms uses flip-chip bonding techniques, which are adapted from well-established technology from the electronics industry. Without modification, the tolerance offered by flip chip bonding of approximately 1 micron does not meet the required tolerance of 0.5 microns required for coupling an optical beam from a mounted device into a single-mode fiber.  
           [0009]    Conventionally, a silicon platform (or package) has been used to mount a laser transmitting or receiving device and optical fibers. The platform has included a flat, slanted reflective surface of silicon that directs a laser beam between the device and a fiber. The fiber has been anchored on a v-shaped groove etched into the same silicon substrate so that the entire package is compact. This design is known as the silicon optical bench. Recently, a v-groove has been used for fiber array attachment with a vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) device attached on a separate quartz plate.  
           [0010]    The flat, slanted reflecting surface of these designs has several fundamental drawbacks, including: (i) the limited working distance defined as the distance between the device and the optical fiber; (ii) the failure to compensate the beam profile in the case of diode laser coupling; and (iii) high aggregate placement tolerances between the opto-electronic device and the fiber.  
           [0011]    In order to achieve high coupling efficiency, the working distance between the opto-electronics device and the optical fiber should be kept to a minimum commensurate with geometry and other practical construction considerations. For instance, the optimum distance can be achieved by direct butt coupling of the fiber with the active region of the semiconductor device resting on a particular platform. However, this coupling scheme may not always be possible, as it is often limited by physical constraints. These issues greatly reduce or prohibit the use of this platform for the single-mode or multi-mode laser packaging using semiconductor diode lasers. Where the laser and fiber are mounted on separate platforms, active alignment is required.  
           [0012]    Silicon v-grooves for receiving optical fibers have been conventionally formed by chemically etching precise shapes in the crystalline structure of silicon. However, single crystal silicon is very expensive, compared to glass and plastics. Polymer molding technology has been used to design a waveguide having a lens system, a 45 degree reflection prism and ferrule bore. Other waveguides have used plastic injection molding to produce a complex optical multiplexer integrated with a filter block, a 45 degree reflection prism, a lens system and fiber ferrule core. However, these waveguides have not conventionally provided a sitting platform for a laser transmitting or receiving device. Thus, active alignment has been needed to place and align the separately packaged device with the waveguide, which is labor intensive and costly. Still other modular platforms have been deployed that have several pieces requiring active alignment.  
           [0013]    Unlike the batch packaging processes that are efficiently used for some electronics chips, the packaging of opto-electronics components using active alignment techniques has to be done one-by-one. This adds to the cost of the assembly. To a lesser degree, the handling of many small mechanical components of hundreds of micrometers to a few millimeters in size and the sealing in a hermetic environment also adds to the cost of packaging.  
           [0014]    High cost has never been a major issue in long haul communications as these components are used and shared by many users. However, the emergence of the short reach metro/access markets, which is the next growth area in photonics, increases the need for low-cost packaging because these markets are extremely price-sensitive. The high-volume, low-cost demand must be met with significant improvement in manufacturing economics. The way to lower packaging cost is the use of more integration of photonic components in a single platform, passive alignment techniques, batch manufacturing, and the introduction of more automation in manufacturing.  
           [0015]    Accordingly, there is a need for a new technique for mounting and aligning light transmitting and receiving devices with optical fibers that permits low-cost passive alignment techniques to be used. There is a further need for a single, integrated platform to be used for mounting laser transmitting and receiving devices and optical fibers. There is still a further need for a platform and mounting method that uses techniques to relax manufacturing tolerances and that allows the use of inexpensive materials for the mounting platform, such as plastic or glass.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0016]    According to one embodiment of the invention, a single platform is provided that reduces alignment tolerances through its integrated features. These features include a mirror to deflect a light beam from an attached source transmitter toward an optical fiber, an integrated focusing lens between the mirror and the fiber with an effective demagnification image at the fiber, and a v-shaped groove structure for receiving the optical fiber in the same platform. The platform may be manufactured inexpensively, such as by transfer/injection molding, grinding or polishing of glass and plastic material, depending on the particular application. The same principles may be applied where photo-detectors are used for receiving the light beam instead of transmitting the light beam.  
           [0017]    In general, the light beam may be produced by a laser, such as a vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) or other laser. In addition, the light beam may be a non-laser, such as a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) or any other beam. The mirror may be set to deflect the beam at a 45 degree angle, or any other suitable angle, toward the optical fiber core.  
           [0018]    According to another embodiment of the invention, the flat mirror and lens may be replaced with an integrated concave mirror with a similar focusing and demagnification effect. Because of the relaxed tolerances resulting from the focusing and demagnification of the beam, the use of passive alignment techniques, such as flip-chip bonding, may be applied. The platforms and mounting methods are suitable for both multi-mode and single-mode fiber.  
           [0019]    According to the present invention, 1) the working distances between the platform and optical fiber are extended; 2) the beam profile is adjusted into symmetrical form by a focusing lens; and 3) the tolerances for passive alignment are relaxed in x and y dimensions as compared to conventional techniques. These features reduce the cost of manufacturing optical packages.  
           [0020]    According to another embodiment of the present invention, the platform is a dielectric substrate made of glass, plastics such as polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) or polycarbonate (PC), or other suitable materials. A vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) unit is mounted using flip-chip bonding to the substrate. Total reflection of the laser is realized on the surface of the angled sidewall of the substrate. The angle of the sidewall may chosen to deflect the beam at a ninety degree angle or any other convenient angle between 0 and 180 degrees. Through the integrated lens of the platform, light is focused at the image plane, at which distance the optical fibers are placed in, for example, V-grooves or ferrules.  
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0021]    The following detailed description, given by way example and not intended to limit the invention solely to the embodiments described herein, will best be understood with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:  
         [0022]    [0022]FIG. 1A is a three dimensional view of an integrated platform according to an embodiment of the present invention showing pads and interconnections for electrically and optically coupling a VCSEL device to an optical fiber via the platform.  
         [0023]    [0023]FIG. 1B shows a cross section of FIG. 1A which illustrates the propagation of a laser beam from a VCSEL device through the platform to an optical fiber through a focusing lens.  
         [0024]    [0024]FIG. 1C shows a top view of the FIG. 1A embodiment.  
         [0025]    [0025]FIG. 1D is a three dimensional view of an integrated platform according to an embodiment of the present invention, showing the pads and interconnections.  
         [0026]    [0026]FIG. 1E is a three dimensional view of an integrated platform according to an embodiment using a one-piece integrated substrate having integral lenses.  
         [0027]    [0027]FIG. 1F is a three dimensional view of an integrated platform according to an embodiment using a one-piece integrated substrate.  
         [0028]    [0028]FIG. 1G shows the placements of the fibers onto the integrated platform via ferrules according to an embodiment of the present invention, where two platforms are glued together within a system.  
         [0029]    [0029]FIG. 1H shows an integrated platform according to an embodiment of the present invention in which an arrayed wave guide is substituted for the lens-v-groove-fiber combination.  
         [0030]    [0030]FIG. 1I depicts a three dimensional view of an integrated platform according to an embodiment of the present invention in which the fiber incorporates a reflective angled surface.  
         [0031]    [0031]FIG. 1L shows a cross section view of FIG. 1I taken through the fiber and the platform along the fiber.  
         [0032]    [0032]FIG. 2A is a three dimensional view of an integrated platform according to an embodiment of the present invention which uses a curved reflecting surface for laser reflection and focusing.  
         [0033]    [0033]FIG. 2B shows a cross sectional view of the FIG. 2A embodiment.  
         [0034]    [0034]FIG. 2C shows a top view of the FIG. 2A embodiment.  
         [0035]    [0035]FIG. 3 is a three dimensional view of an integrated platform according to an embodiment of the present invention which is integrated onto a printed circuit board.  
         [0036]    [0036]FIG. 4A depicts a three dimensional view of an integrated platform where the fiber array is normal to a beam generated by the emitting surface of, for example, a VCSEL device.  
         [0037]    [0037]FIG. 4B shows the cross section view of the FIG. 4A in a configuration where the component and fiber are both mounted to the substrate.  
         [0038]    [0038]FIG. 5 depicts a method of forming an integrated platform according to an embodiment of the present invention. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION  
       [0039]    According to one embodiment of the invention, a single platform is provided that reduces alignment tolerances through its integrated features. These features include a 45-degree mirror to deflect a laser beam from a vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) transmitter toward an optical fiber, a focusing lens between the mirror and the fiber with an effective demagnification image at the fiber, and a v-shaped groove structure for receiving the optical fiber in the same platform. The platform may be manufactured inexpensively, such as by transfer/injection molding, grinding or polishing of glass and plastic material, depending on the particular application. The same principles may be applied where photodetectors are used for receiving the laser instead of transmitting the laser.  
         [0040]    [0040]FIG. 1A depicts a three dimensional view of an integrated platform according to an embodiment of the present invention showing pads and interconnections for electrically and optically coupling a light transmitting or receiving device  100 , such as a VCSEL device, to an optical fiber  109  via the platform. Referring to FIG. 1A, a dielectric substrate  103 , is used to mount a laser transmitting or receiving device  100  and an optical fiber. The substrate  103  may be made of glass or other suitable material such as a polymer. The substrate  103  may be formed by transfer molding, injection molding or high precision grinding. When glass molding is used, pre-shaped glass may be pressed into a mold that is preheated. After few minutes, the pressure may be released and the substrate taken out. There is a wide range of temperatures, depending on the glass transition temperature of the material used, that may be used during the molding process. For example, a temperature range of 650 degrees to 1300 degrees depending on the glass materials used is common. However, temperatures outside of this range are also possible. When polymers are used, injection molding processes may be used to form the substrate.  
         [0041]    The substrate  103  includes a device mounting surface onto which electrical interconnections may be formed for mounting opto-electronic devices. For example, bonding pads  104  may be formed on the substrate  103  that are aligned with mating bonding pads on the device  100 . Similarly, wiring may be formed on the device mounting surface or in the device mounting surface to couple the bonding contact pads to other devices on the substrate, such as the laser driver device  105  or other devices external to the substrate  103  via, for example, wire bonding.  
         [0042]    In order to manufacture the bonding pads  104 , a metal may be deposited onto the substrate  103  in predetermined locations. The deposition may be performed using any of several well known techniques for depositing metal onto a substrate. According to one embodiment, layers of pure gold are deposited on the substrate  103  to produce the bonding contact pads  104 . The device  100  may comprise a semiconductor laser source such as a VCSEL device or VCSEL array. The devices  100  and  105  may be mounted using solder balls  106 . According to one embodiment of the invention, the solder balls  106  may comprise a eutectic mixture of gold/tin solder balls which range in size from, for example, five to fifty microns. The devices  100  and  105  may be interconnected and/or connected to devices off of the substrate by wire-bonding using, for example, pure gold. It will be understood that other materials may be used for forming solder balls and wire bonds.  
         [0043]    The substrate  103  may include a fiber mounting portion that includes a fiber mounting surface that extends away from the device mounting surface. The fiber mounting surface may include v-shaped grooves  107  for receiving optical fibers. The v-shaped grooves  107  may be precisely formed as part of the molding process. Alternatively, they may be machined into the fiber mounting surface. The v-shaped grooves  107  provide a mechanism for precisely defining the mounting point for each optical fiber that is to be coupled to the device  100  on the substrate.  
         [0044]    The substrate  103  also includes a reflective, slanted side wall beneath the device  100  and the device mounting surface. The substrate  103  is translucent so that a laser emitted from (or coupled to) the device  100  passes through the substrate. When the device  100  includes a VCSEL, the laser beam is transmitted from a laser on the device down through the substrate. The slanted reflective side wall is angled to reflect the beam from the device  100  toward the v-shaped groove associated with the active VCSEL. The reflective side wall may present, for example, a 45 degree angle between the side wall and the mounting surface. Other angles between 0 and 90 degrees are possible depending on the geometry of the substrate, characteristics of any lenses provided in the substrate and the characteristics of the device  100 . In general, the angle of the reflective side wall should be selected to provide maximum coupling of the laser beam between the optical fiber and the device  100 .  
         [0045]    The substrate  103  also includes a transmission face through which a laser beam from the device  100  or from an optical fiber travel. In the transmission face, a recess may be formed. A lens mounting stage  108  may be formed with one or more focusing lenses in it. The lens mounting stage  108  may be assembled within the recess of the substrate by, for example, adhering the mounting stage to the substrate within the recess. For adhering the lens array  101  to the transmission face, an index-matching epoxy may be used. Alternatively, the lenses may be integrally formed in the transmission face of the substrate.  
         [0046]    In the v-shaped grooves  107 , optical fibers  109  are aligned at the image plane of each focusing lens. This may be performed using a guiding stopper. The substrate shown in FIG. 1A has the potential to extend the working distance between the reflective plane and the optical fibers and achieve high coupling efficiency with larger alignment tolerances. This is due in part to the demagnification afforded by the lens array  101 .  
         [0047]    [0047]FIG. 1B shows a cross section of FIG. 1A which illustrates the propagation of a laser beam from a VCSEL device  100  through the platform  103  to an optical fiber through one of the focusing lenses in the lens array  101 . Referring to FIG. 1B, a laser beam is emitted from the VCSEL and travels through the substrate  103  toward the reflecting surface. The reflecting surface reflects the beam toward the lens in the transmission face of the substrate  103 . The beam becomes wider as it travels from the reflecting surface to the lens. The lens focuses and concentrates the beam into a narrower profile that should be centered in the core of the end face of the optical fiber. This focusing extends the working distance and increases the coupling efficiency of coupling the beam into the fiber core.  
         [0048]    [0048]FIG. 1C shows a top view of the FIG. 1A embodiment. It is apparent from FIG. 1C that the device  100  is positioned over the slanted, reflective surface and that the lens array  101  is positioned between the ends of the optical fibers and the slanted, reflective surface. It is also apparent that there may be a gap between the fiber ends and the lenses.  
         [0049]    [0049]FIG. 1D is a three dimensional view of an integrated platform according to an embodiment of the present invention, showing the pads and interconnections. Referring to FIG. 1D, the slanted, reflective surface of the substrate  103  is formed as part of a surface opposite the device mounting surface. This design may be less rigid than that shown in FIG. 1A, where the slanted, reflective surface is formed within the substrate  103  by a cutout that extends to the device mounting surface. FIG. 1D also shows an embodiment in which the lens array is integrally formed into the transmission face of the substrate  103 . In addition, the surface metallization of the device mounting surface for the substrate shown in FIG. 1D is slightly different than in FIG. 1A and leverages wire bonding to external devices.  
         [0050]    [0050]FIG. 1E depicts a three dimensional view of an integrated platform according to an embodiment using a one-piece integrated substrate having integral lenses. Referring to FIG. 1E, one substrate integrates a 45° mirror, micro-lenses formed in the transmission face of the substrate and v-shaped grooves formed in a fiber mounting surface, formed by transfer molding. The 45° of the mirror refers to its angle relative to the device mounting surface. A 45° angle produces a beam reflection of 90°. Any suitable beam reflection angle between 0 and 180 degrees may be used depending upon the implementation in order to redirect a beam between a fiber optic core and the light emitting or receiving device.  
         [0051]    The molding material may be glass or other high-temp polymers. This substrate can also function as a carrier for the laser driver and other electronics. Layers of pure gold may then be deposited to produce the bonding contact pads  104 , to which the semiconductor laser source  100  (VCSEL array) and the laser driver  105  devices are mounted using a eutectic mixture of gold/tin solder balls (20 μm diameter)  106 . These components are then interconnected by wire-bonding using pure gold. Similar to FIG. 1A embodiment, the laser beams emitted from VCSELs are reflected by the 45° mirrors, then focused by the micro-lens into optical fibers sitting on the v-shaped grooves.  
         [0052]    [0052]FIG. 1F is a three dimensional view of an integrated platform according to an embodiment using a one-piece integrated substrate. Referring to FIG. 1F, the substrate  103  includes a 45° reflective plane embedded inside the substrate. This substrate has a stronger mechanical structure, thus the design constrains relative to the position of the 45° mirrors can be relaxed. The closer the 45° mirror is to the lens, the shorter the optical path from VCSEL to the lens. The shorter the optical path from VCSEL to the lens, the less the laser beam diverges before being collected by lens. This substrate can also provide electrical paths from VCSELs to laser driver devices, eliminate the use of wire bonding, which in turn makes the whole package more robust.  
         [0053]    [0053]FIG. 1G shows the placements of the fibers onto the integrated platform via ferrules according to an embodiment of the present invention, where two platforms are glued together within a system. Referring to FIG. 1G, a ferrule  109  is used for the alignment of the optical fibers. The ferrules are designed to have a fitting end to anchor on the curve surface of substrate  103 . The fibers are then placed through the ferrules at the image plane. This may be controlled by using guiding stopper  110 . Also in FIG. 1G, it is apparent that the substrate  103  may be coupled to another packaging component, which may include an integrate circuit board. The device  100  may be driven from other devices on the printed circuit board that are wire bonded to the device  100 .  
         [0054]    [0054]FIG. 1H shows an integrated platform according to an embodiment of the present invention in which an arrayed wave-guide is substituted for the lens-v-groove-fiber combination. Referring to FIG. 1H, an arrayed waveguide is substituted for the lens-v-groove-fiber combination in the FIG. 1A embodiment. According to this embodiment, a laser beam emanates from a VCSEL device, reflects off of the slanted surface and enters the wave-guides. Each wave-guide in turn conveys the beam to the respective optical fiber. The wave-guides may be monolithically integrated with the platform or may be separately manufactured and combined with the platform to form a hybrid structure.  
         [0055]    [0055]FIG. 1I depicts a three dimensional view of an integrated platform according to an embodiment of the present invention. The platform material must be transparent to permit transmission of a beam of light. The material may be glass or plastic which is transparent. If necessary, the platform material may desirably be high-temperature resistant to allow subsequent manufacturing steps to be performed at high temperatures.  
         [0056]    Referring to FIG. 1I, the platform  103  includes an upper surface with V-grooves and a lower surface for receiving a light emitting or receiving component. The lower surface also may include metallization on the lower surface, including solder balls  106 , for connecting to and mounting the light emitting or receiving component  100 . Fibers  112  may be mounted within the V-grooves on the platform and in this manner are aligned relative to the substrate. One end of the fiber is polished into a certain angle relative to the fiber and substrate and coated to provide a reflective surface at the fiber—surface interface. The fiber  112  is positioned at a point along the V-groove so that a beam of light reflected from the reflective surface of the fiber with travel between the beam emitting or receiving device within the component  100 , such as a VCSEL, and the fiber core. In other words, the component  100  and fibers  112  are aligned based on the angle of the reflective surface relative to the fibers and/or the platform, the platform geometry and the geometry of the VCSEL array with the associated windows of each VCSEL device. The angle of the reflective surface of the fiber  112  may be any convenient value and may vary among different fibers  112  within the V-grooves if desired.  
         [0057]    [0057]FIG. 1L shows the cross section view of the FIG. 1I embodiment in which the light path of a beam of light transmitted from the component  100  to the fiber  112  is shown. Referring to FIG. 1L, the beam traverses the translucent platform  103 , the V-groove and penetrates an outer surface of the fiber  112 . For this reason, the portion of the fiber that is in the path of the beam must have a translucent surface permitting entry of the light beam into the fiber  112 . Once in the fiber, the beam traverses the fiber, reflects off of the reflective surface and travels down the fiber core. After passing through the glass substrate and the fiber cladding, the light beams from VCSEL array are reflected by the angled fiber core, then propagate along the fiber array.  
         [0058]    [0058]FIG. 2A depicts a three dimensional view of an integrated platform according to an embodiment of the present invention which introduces a curved reflecting surface for laser reflection and focusing. Referring to FIG. 2A, the substrate comprises multiple curved surfaces  401  that each function as concave mirrors. Incident light from a VCSEL is reflected off of the curved surfaces  401  and focused on the image plane where multiple optical fibers are placed into v-shaped grooves. The concave mirror replaces the reflecting plane and the focusing lens used in the embodiments of FIG. 1. This simplifies the design into a more compact one. In order to ensure maximum reflectivity from the curve surface, a metal layer coating can be formed on this surface. This embodiment is capable of achieving high coupling efficiency with larger alignment tolerances and also allows for extending the working distance between the mirror and the fibers.  
         [0059]    [0059]FIG. 2B shows a cross sectional view of the FIG. 2A embodiment. Referring to FIG. 2B, a beam from a VCSEL is shown diverging as it travels toward the reflecting curved surfaces  401 . The beam is then reflected toward the optical fiber and focused so that upon hitting the optical fiber, the beam is concentrated and enters the fiber at the core center.  
         [0060]    [0060]FIG. 2C shows a top view of the FIG. 2A embodiment which illustrates the two way transmission feature of embodiments of the present invention. It also illustrates the use of multiple transmitters.  
         [0061]    [0061]FIG. 3 depicts a three dimensional view of an integrated platform according to an embodiment of the present invention which is integrated onto a printed circuit board. Referring to FIG. 2A, the optical platform comprises a polymer substrate that has a curve surface for focusing a laser beam emission from the VCSEL device. In this embodiment, the semiconductor device is attached directly to an electronic printed circuit board or a platform with other electronic components through flip-chip bonding as an alternative to lead frame chip packages due to the high temperatures required for the solder bonding step. The polymer substrate is designed to have guide pins  601  for the attachment to the electronic platform together with the corresponding metal coated curve surfaces and the fibers grooves. This design has application due to the ease of assembly in the widely developed PCB industry.  
         [0062]    As for the mounting of the semiconductor laser device, an underfill is applied to fill the gap between the laser device and the submount in order to add mechanical strength and to minimize the oxidation of the semiconductor device, bonding pads and solder pumps. FIG. 4A depicts a three dimensional view of an integrated platform where the fiber array is normal to a beam generated by the emitting surface of, for example, a VCSEL device  100 . The VCSEL array may be flip-chip bonded onto a glass substrate  113  using solder balls  106 . The integration platform  103  has an array of V-grooves positioned parallel to the beam when the component is aligned relative to the platform  103 . The platform  103  also includes a rectangular frame for receiving and mounting the glass substrate  113 . By controlling the dimensional tolerance of the integration platform and glass substrate  113 , the VCSEL array can be optically aligned with the fiber array  112  passively. This may be accomplished by sizing the glass substrate to fit precisely within a rectangular cutout portion of the platform  103 . Other techniques include pattern recognition if alignment marks are patterned on the glass substrate  113  and the platform  103 , respectively. FIG. 4B shows the cross section view of the FIG. 4A in a configuration where the component  100  and fiber  112  are both mounted. Light beams from the VCSEL array of the component  100  pass through the glass substrate  113  and then go directly into the fiber array. The fiber may be, but is not limited to lensed fiber. The glass substrate  113  not only acts as an electrical and physical mounting surface for the component, it also acts as a fiber stopper. The fiber stopper facilitates alignment of the fiber along the V-groove by allowing alignment through butting one end of the fiber against the surface of the glass substrate  113 . In such manner, the distance between the component and fiber end can be well-controlled. A beam of light emitted from the component  100  passes through the glass substrate  113  into one end of the fiber  112 .  
         [0063]    [0063]FIG. 5 depicts a method of manufacturing a platform according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 5, in step  400 , a mold form is generated. The mold form is used to produce the substrate by, for example, either transfer molding or injection molding in step  410 . In step  420 , the substrate is selectively coated with metal, pursuant to a masking procedure, to form bonding pads. In step  430  devices for laser transmitting and receiving are mounted onto the bonding pads using solder or flip chip mounting techniques. In step  440 , other devices and components are wire bonded to the pads formed on the mounting surface of the substrate  103 . In step  440 , an underfill is then applied to protect the chip from oxidation and to provide mechanical support. In step  450 , optical fibers are aligned into the v-shaped grooves on the fiber mounting surface. The fibers are then attached within the v-shaped grooves by, for example, adhering them. In step  460 , the substrate may be packaged with other electronics, for example by attaching the substrate to an integrated circuit board.  
         [0064]    While specific embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed, it will be understood by those having ordinary skill in the art that changes may be made to those embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.