Abstract:
A packaging machine that uses cylinders to automatically adjust the pressure gradient on a web feed roller system is presented. The cylinders are controlled by an air operated or an electrical sensing device that senses the edge of the web. When the sensor detects the web rising it will increase the pressure on bottom of the feed rollers and lower the pressure at the top. This action drives the web down. When the web falls below the proper height the reverse happens and the web is driven back up. This system creates a seeking process that is always driving the web to the correct height. The system can also be used on a pivoting feed roller system. The sensor feedback turns an eccentric that changes the pressure gradient, moving the web to the proper height.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED PATENT APPLICATIONS  
       [0001]    This patent application claims the benefit of U.S. provisional patent application 60/245,611, filed Nov. 3, 2000. 
     
    
     
       FIELD OF THE INVENTION  
         [0002]    The present invention relates to packaging machines, and more particularly relates to horizontal form, fill, and seal packaging machines.  
         BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0003]    Packaging machines are generally known in which a continuous web of material is converted into a plurality of individual pouches. The continuous web of material is folded in half over a plow to form two continuous side panels joined by a bottom fold. The folded web is passed through a series of seal bars which form transverse seals between the side panels, thereby forming a strip of pouches interconnected by transverse seals. A cutter cuts through each transverse seal to form individual pouches with unsealed top edges. The individual pouches are transferred to a pouch filler, filled with product, and sealed. The sealed pouches are then collected for transport. Machines of this type may be categorized as either horizontal or vertical machines, depending on the general direction of web travel. The present invention relates to horizontal packaging machines in which the web travels horizontally.  
           [0004]    The type and volume of product being packaged often determines whether the packaging process should use a continuously or intermittently advancing web. Certain products, such as hard candy, require a fill based on weight instead of volume. Scale fillers require relatively long periods to fill a pouch. As a result, slower cycle continuous motion or intermittent motion is required to provide additional fill time. In addition, larger volume fills require more time, and therefore intermittent motion through the filler may be necessary. More free flowing products, such as sugar, may be dispensed using a diving funnel suitable for filling continuously advancing pouches.  
           [0005]    In light of the above, packaging machines have been developed specifically for either intermittent or continuous operation. Continuous motion machines typically require web-engaging components which are moveable and can be phased with the advancing web. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,722,217 to Cloud discloses a packaging machine for use with a continuously advancing web. The &#39;217 device uses a sealing drum to form the vertical seals of the pouches. Sealing wires are circumferentially spaced about the sealing drum to provide sealing points. The web is entrained about the drum and the drum is rotated so that seals are formed as the web continuously advances. The &#39;217 device further fills the pouches while they are still connected and therefore the web must be continuously advanced through the pouch filler section as well. It is not seen, however, that the &#39;217 device is operable with an intermittently advancing web since it would be difficult to control the sealing drum so that it starts and stops at the appropriate times.  
           [0006]    Most conventional intermittent motion machines, on the other hand, have web-engaging components which are stationary and perform operations during dwell periods between incremental advances. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,181,365 to Garvey, et al. discloses a packaging machine for use with an intermittently advancing web. The &#39;365 device has sealers and a cutter spaced longitudinally along the web path at fixed locations. These components perform their associated operations during web dwells. Accordingly, machines such as that disclosed in the &#39;365 patent are not suitable for use with a continuously advancing web since the stationary components would stretch or tear the web during operation.  
           [0007]    During operation, the web can slowly shift up and down. The shifting can create problems in the pouch manufacturing such as misalignment of seals, pouches cut incorrectly, etc. Additionally, the web may drop when the packaging machine is started. One of the causes of the shifting is the tension on the web as it pulls through the feed rollers of the machine. The feed rollers are balanced using a set of springs located at the top and bottom of the feed rollers. The web gets “unbalanced” in several ways. First, when the machine is stopped the web can sag due to heat from the seal bars and be much looser than the running tension. This can cause the web to shift a large distance very quickly. After the first bag or two are through the machine after the machine is started, the tension returns to running state and the bag slowly returns to the required level. Second, as the tension in the web changes due to how tight it was rolled, static buildup, changes in slip, and other variables can cause the system to become unbalanced. This causes a slow movement of the web either up or down and the web will remain at that location until the pressure is readjusted on the feed rollers. Third, changing the speed can change the running tension requiring the feed rollers to be rebalanced.  
           [0008]    Machine operators have attempted to overcome this problem by manually adjusting the tension on the feed rollers to adjust web height using a line of sight approach. However, this approach only provides a coarse adjustment of the web height. What is needed is a method to automatically adjust web height that provides precision adjustment of the web height.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0009]    A general aim of the present invention is to provide a packaging machine that automatically adjusts the height of the web that is operable with both intermittently and continuously advancing webs.  
           [0010]    A related object of the present invention is to provide an adjustment mechanism that can be fit on existing machines.  
           [0011]    In light of the above, present invention provides a packaging machine in which the tension of a feed roller is automatically controlled based upon the position of the web.  
           [0012]    The present invention provides a pneumatic control for adjusting the tension of the feed roller. The position of the web is determined and the web is shifted up or down by adjusting the tension of the feed roller assembly of the packaging machine. 
       
    
    
       [0013]    These and other aims, objectives, and features of the invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.  
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0014]    [0014]FIG. 1 is a schematic view in perspective of a packaging machine in accordance with the present invention;  
         [0015]    [0015]FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the feed roller control system in accordance with the present invention for use with the packaging machine of FIG. 1;  
         [0016]    [0016]FIG. 3 illustrates a flow chart of a method of automatically adjusting web height in a packaging machine in accordance with the teachings of the present invention;  
         [0017]    [0017]FIG. 4 is a front view of the feed roller incorporating the feed roller control system of FIG. 2;  
         [0018]    [0018]FIG. 5 is a side view of the feed roller incorporating the feed roller control system of FIG. 2;  
         [0019]    [0019]FIG. 6 is a top view of the feed roller incorporating the feed roller control system of FIG. 2; and  
         [0020]    [0020]FIG. 7 is a bottom view of the feed roller incorporating the feed roller control system of FIG. 2. 
     
    
       [0021]    While the invention is susceptible of various modifications and alternative constructions, certain illustrative embodiments thereof have been shown in the drawings and will be described below in detail. It should be understood, however, that there is no intention to limit the invention to the specific forms disclosed, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, alternative constructions and equivalents falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.  
       DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
       [0022]    Referring now to the drawings, a packaging machine  10  is illustrated in FIG. 1. The packaging machine  10  produces pouches  12  from a continuous web  14  of material. The web  14  has pre-printed registration marks  62  at spaced intervals corresponding to the desired pouch width. The position of the registration marks is known with respect to the printed artwork. The web is made of sealable material, which includes heat-sealable material (such as polyethylene or polypropylene) and pressure-sensitive cold seal film. The embodiments described below are directed mainly to a machine  10  running heat-sealable web material.  
         [0023]    According to the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, the packaging machine has an infeed section  4  which supplies the folded web  14  to a sealing section  6 . The planar web material is typically provided as a wound roll  16 . The infeed section  4  has a reel  18  for supporting the roll  16 . The reel  18  rotates to unwind the roll  16 , thereby dispensing the web  14 . The reel  18  may be conventionally controlled or may have a dedicated unwind motor  20  for varying an unwind speed. The web  14  is threaded over tension rollers  22  and a plow assembly  24  for folding the web to form side panels  26  joined at a common bottom edge  28 . As illustrated in FIG. 1, the bottom edge  28  is formed with a V-shape. The plow assembly  24  may also include a gusset blade (not shown) for forming a W-shaped bottom edge. The folded web  10  is passed through a pair of infeed rolls  30  to cleanly define the fold lines in the web. In accordance with certain aspects of the present invention, the infeed rolls  30  may also pull the web through the first portion of the packaging machine, as described in greater detail below.  
         [0024]    The web  14  next travels through a sealing portion of the machine  10  in which any of a number of pouch forming operations take place. In accordance with the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, the web  14  first passes through a bottom or first seal station  32  for forming a bottom seal  34 , such as a delta seal, in the web  14 . The web  14  next passes through a side seal station  38  which forms vertical side seals  40  in the web. Upon leaving the side seal station  38 , the web  14  is formed as a strip of pouches interconnected at the side seals  40 . The seal stations  32 ,  38  may use heated seal bars to form seals in heat-sealable web material, or may use unheated seal bars when the web material is a cold seal film. If heated, the seal bars have a heating element such as a heat tube extending therethrough. The heat tube is preferably electrically operated and controlled to provide a desired sealing temperature at the surface of the seal bar.  
         [0025]    In accordance with certain aspects of the present invention, the seal stations  32 ,  38  are operable to form seals in the web  14  as the web advances. Further details of seal stations may be found in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/185,355, filed Nov. 3, 1998, which is hereby incorporated by reference.  
         [0026]    In the above embodiment, the sealing stations  32 ,  38  operate in a duplex mode, in which the web  14  advances two web widths between each actuation of the seal bars. Accordingly, the bottom seal bars  36  are two pouch widths wide to simultaneously form two bottom seals  34 . Similarly, the side seal station  38  carries two pairs of side seal bars  42 . The machine  10  may also be operated in a simplex mode, whereby the web  14  is advanced a single pouch width between each actuation. In simplex mode, the bottom seal bars  36  are only one pouch width wide, and the side seal station  38  has a single pair of side seal bars  42 .  
         [0027]    The seal bars are operated to engage the web as the web advances for both continuous and intermittent web motion. It will be appreciated that for intermittent web motion, the machine  10  of the present invention could be operated so that the seal bars engage the web during dwells, as is conventional. Alternatively, the seal bars contact the web as the web advances, regardless of whether the web is advancing continuously or intermittently. By operating the seal stations in this manner, the seal bars will always be in contact with the web for a sufficient period of time to form the seals regardless of the dwell time between each intermittent advance of the web. Furthermore, the machine operates in a similar fashion for both continuous and intermittent web motion, thereby simplifying the controls and providing a machine which operates in a consistent manner.  
         [0028]    A pair of feed rollers  44  are located downstream of the seal stations to pull the web through the sealing section of the machine  10 . The feeder rollers  44  are positioned to pinch the web  14 , thereby frictionally advancing the web. In accordance with certain aspects of the present invention, the feeder rolls are operable both continuously and intermittently. In one embodiment, a variable speed motor, such as drive roll servomotor  80  (see FIG. 7), is connected to and operates the feeder rollers.  
         [0029]    A cutter is positioned immediately downstream of the feeder rollers  44 . The cutter is adapted to cut the web at the formed side seals as the web advances. The cutter comprises a pair of cutter rolls  46  having a plurality of circumferentially spaced blades  48  on one of the rolls and a a plurality of similarly spaced cutting surfaces  50  on the other roll. The cutter rolls  46  are mounted for rotation so that a blade  48  contacts the web  14  at the same time as an associated cutting surface  50  to thereby sever a leading pouch  12  from the web. Each pouch severed by the cutter rolls  46  is then transferred to a pouch filling section by a transfer mechanism.  
         [0030]    For purposes of explanation, a pneumatic cylinder shall be used to describe certain aspects of the invention. While pneumatic cylinders are shown, it should be noted that other types of cylinders such as hydraulic cylinders and the like can be used. Turning now to FIG. 2, a feed roller control system  100  is shown. Feed roller controller  102  senses the edge of the web using web sensor  104 . Web sensor  104  may be an air operated or an electrical sensing device. In one embodiment, the web sensor  104  senses the edge of the web by forcing air through both sides of the sensor and detecting air back pressure. A change in back pressure indicates the position of the web. Feed roller controller  102  increases the pressure on the bottom of the feed rollers  44  and lowers the pressure at the top of the feed rollers  44  when it determines the web is rising. This action forces the web down. When the feed roller controller  102  detects that the web falls below the proper height, the web is driven back up by decreasing the pressure on the bottom of the feed rollers  44  and increasing the pressure at the top of the feed rollers  44 . The feed roller controller  102  adjusts the pressure using pneumatic cylinders  106 ,  108 . Pneumatic cylinder  106  is mounted at the top of the feed roller  44 . Pneumatic cylinder  108  is located at the bottom of the feed roller  44 . The feed roller controller  102  increases pressure on the feed roller  44  by increasing air in the pneumatic cylinders  106 ,  108 . Feed roller controller  102  decreases pressure by reducing air pressure in the pneumatic cylinder. A spring (not shown) located in the feed roller forces the pneumatic cylinder rod  107 ,  109  back.  
         [0031]    Turning now to FIG. 3, the steps the feed roller controller  102  performs is shown. The web height is determined based upon web sensor  104  (step  200 ). The web height is then compared to one or more thresholds (step  202 ). In one embodiment, the web height is compared to a single threshold. In an alternate embodiment, the web height is compared to an upper threshold and a lower threshold. If the web height is greater than the single threshold (or alternatively, the upper threshold), the feed roller controller  102  drives the web down by increasing the pressure on the bottom of the feed rollers  44  via cylinder  108  and lowers the pressure at the top of the feed rollers  44  via cylinder  106  (step  206 ). If the web height is lower than the single threshold (or alternatively, the lower threshold) (step  208 ), the feed roller controller  102  drives the web up by decreasing the pressure on the bottom of the feed rollers  44  via the cylinder  108  and increasing the pressure at the top of the feed rollers  44  via the cylinder  106  (step  210 ). Steps  200 - 210  are repeated after driving the web down, driving the web up, or if the web is at the desired position (or alternatively, within the upper and lower threshold) for as long as the packaging machine is operating.  
         [0032]    Turning now to FIGS.  4 - 7 , the feed rollers  44  and feed roller control system components are shown. FIG. 4 shows one of the feed rollers  44  and the web sensor  104 . FIG. 5 shows the feed rollers  44 , the web sensor  104 , and the pneumatic cylinders  106 ,  108 .  
         [0033]    Turning now to FIG. 6, one of the shafts  45  of the feed rollers  44  is attached to mounting plate  110 . When the feed roller control system  100  increases the air pressure in pneumatic cylinder  106 , the rod  107  pushes on roller assembly plate edge  120 , which results in an increase in pressure at that end of the feed roller as previously described. When air pressure is reduced, the spring (not shown) of the feed roller  44  pushes the rod  107  back. The feed roller controller  100  operates pneumatic cylinder  108  the same way it operates pneumatic cylinder  106 .  
         [0034]    The use of the terms “a” and “an” and “the” and similar referents in the context of describing the invention (especially in the context of the following claims) are to be construed to cover both the singular and the plural, unless otherwise indicated herein or clearly contradicted by context. The term “cylinder” includes pneumatic and hydraulic cylinders and other devices that perform the function of increasing or decreasing the pressure at the top or bottom of the feed rollers. All methods described herein can be performed in any suitable order unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context. The use of any and all examples, or exemplary language (e.g., “such as”) provided herein, is intended merely to better illuminate the invention and does not pose a limitation on the scope of the invention unless otherwise claimed. No language in the specification should be construed as indicating any non-claimed element as essential to the practice of the invention.  
         [0035]    The foregoing description of various embodiments of the invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Obvious modifications are possible in light of the above teachings. For example, the feed roller control system can also be used on a pivoting feed roller system where only pressure at the top of the feed roller is increased or decreased. The embodiments discussed were chosen and describe to provide the best illustration of the principles of the invention and its practical application to thereby enable one of ordinary skill in the art to utilize the invention in various embodiments and with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. All such modifications and variations are within the scope of the invention.