Abstract:
A method for tracking time and location of an employee based on a predefined schedule. This method may uses time tracking software installed on a mobile device to detect the presence (or lack of presence) of an electronic signal emitted by a NFC (near field communication), BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy), or other wireless device. The detection may trigger the mobile application to communicate to a server to determine if the employee is scheduled to work at a work zone, which may result in the mobile application clocking in/out the employee. Also, geofencing may be used in combination with scheduling to clock in/out employees when entering a geofenced area determined by the employer. These location detection embodiments of the present invention may be used individually or in combination to improve location accuracy. A supervisor may also use this system to review the timesheets, make changes and integrate the data into a Payroll system.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Using software as a time attendance tracking method has existed for some time. Also, in recent years, NFC (near field communication) and BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy) technologies have entered the market allowing software to react to the wireless signals when detected. Most applications in the market today use NFC or BLE technology for marketing. For example, delivering a coupon to a customer&#39;s mobile phone when they are within range of the NFC and/or BLE signals or greeting the customer when they near the front of the store (where a BLE device has been installed). Recently, the consumption of NFC or BLE technology has expanded past advertising and is being adopted to automate tasks. In the realm of employee/employer time tracking, a few companies have started to release implementations that take some advantage of the wireless devices. For example, offering the ability to clock in/out employees automatically when entering or exiting the range of the wireless signals. However, the existing implementations do not leverage the devices along with additional intelligence (such as making clock in/out decisions based on the specific employee&#39;s schedule). Employers have a great need to use one or combination of the wireless technologies along with the intelligence to have accurate reports on an employee&#39;s total hours worked without having to worry about having to groom for incorrect clock entries that didn&#39;t correspond to their schedule. To our knowledge, prior art is lacking the ability for an employee to be automatically clocked in/out in accurately and according to a schedule. Instead, prior art simply tracks arrival or departure times. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to a method and system for tracking time and location of an employee based on a predetermined schedule (date and time) and optionally an assigned work zone. This method uses a mobile device to detect the presence (or lack of presence) of an electronic signal emitted by a NFC, BLE, or other wireless device that will trigger the mobile device to communicate to a server to determine if the employee is scheduled to work at a specific work zone (if available) or not and make an intelligent decision to clock the employee in or out for their shift. 
     In addition, the method and system may also allow manual clock in/out in case of failures such as back-end server outages or a signal could not be detected during a scheduled shift. The manual override status is saved to a server so the supervisor of the employee may know an override has happened. The method and system may also be used for other purposes that are not related to employee time attendance as well (such as employee location tracking—for security purposes). 
     The mobile application may send information to the server, either in real-time or in a batch request mode, and this data may be captured and stored in a database. The information may be a time stamp, a status or location of the mobile device. 
     The system uses various location based devices or technologies, individually or in combination to determine the accuracy of the location of the clock in/out time stamp. In one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, an employee of a retail store or restaurant may arrive at work, and the mobile application on the mobile device may detect a signal from a BLE device located at the work zone, which indicates that he is at the work zone. Throughout this application, any reference to a mobile device could be satisfied by a mobile phone, or any wearable device or item that can communicate with the NFC, BLE, or other wireless device. Combining the information with the work schedule stored in the databases, the mobile application may automatically clock them in. The same applies to clocking out the employee. 
     In another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, an employee may clock in/out NFC technology. In such embodiment, the employees arriving at a job site may tap their mobile device that supports NFC technology to the NFC device and again checking their schedule the system can automatically clock them in or out. 
     Additionally, geofencing may be used in combination with scheduling to automatically clock in/out employees when the employee enters a geofenced area determined by the employer. BLE devices, NFC devices, and geofencing may be used in the present invention individually or in combination to improve location accuracy. 
     In one exemplary embodiment, all three techniques explained (geofencing, NFC and BLE) may be used to determine the location of the mobile device running the time tracking software, thereby increasing accuracy and correctness. An exemplary embodiment of the present invention may apply where field technicians or remote employees may work in a work zone with no set location. The BLE device may be located at a remote location or inside an automobile, but since the BLE device may be portable and moved, the geofencing technology may be used as an additional component to confirm that the BLE device is located in a certain area. 
     In another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, an employer may want to verify that an employee is at a booth in a conference. The BLE device may be located at the booth to ensure the individual is near the booth; geofencing may be used to confirm the location of the BLE device; and for additional verification, an employer may request that the employee tap the mobile device to a NFC device located near the BLE device to ensure that he did not abandon the booth by leaving their mobile device at the table. This tapping activity may happen randomly or at set times, as defined by the employer. 
     Other features and advantages of the present invention are also described. In one exemplary embodiment, the present invention may be used to prevent employees from entering restricted areas. In one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a work zone may be restricted to only authorized employees, as defined by a supervisor. In another exemplary embodiment, employees may enter a restricted area; however, the mobile application on the mobile devices may detect a signal unique to the BLE device associated with the restricted zone, and the software may notify the supervisor. In yet another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the mobile application may be recording how long and how often an employee takes a break. The event is captured by the BLE device and the mobile device when they enter and exit a designated break area. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The novel features believed characteristic of the invention are set forth in the appended claims. The invention itself, however, as well as a preferred mode of use, further objectives and advantages thereof, will be best understood by reference to the following detailed description of illustrative embodiments when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein: 
         FIG. 1  illustrates a flow diagram of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, in which the flow diagram demonstrates the clock in/out flow including the automatic clock in/out flow and steps that may necessitate using the manual clock in/out flow. 
         FIG. 2  illustrates a manual clock in/out flow of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 3  illustrates a clock in/out flow of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention resulting from a notification from the server to the mobile application. 
         FIG. 4  illustrate a flowchart of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention that demonstrates clock in/out activity when the mobile device detects a signal from a Bluetooth low energy (BLE) device. 
         FIG. 5  illustrates an exemplary embodiment of the system used in the clock in/out flow using a BLE device. 
         FIG. 6  graphically illustrates an exemplary embodiment of the method of the present invention using a BLE device in the case of an employee clocking in. 
         FIG. 7  graphically illustrates an exemplary embodiment of the method of the present invention with a BLE device in the case of an employee clocking out. 
         FIG. 8  is a flowchart of an exemplary embodiment that illustrates a clock in flow using a Near Field Communication (NFC) device. 
         FIG. 9  is a flowchart of an exemplary embodiment that illustrates a clock out flow using a Near Field Communication device. 
         FIG. 10  illustrates an exemplary embodiment of the system used in the clock in/out flow using a NFC device. 
         FIG. 11  graphically illustrates an exemplary embodiment of the method of the present invention using a NFC device in the case of an employee clocking in. 
         FIG. 12  graphically illustrates an exemplary embodiment of the method of the present invention with a NFC device in the case of an employee clocking out. 
         FIG. 13  illustrates a flow diagram of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention involving a clock in flow using global positioning system (GPS) technology. 
         FIG. 14  illustrates a flow diagram of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention involving a clock out flow using global positioning system (GPS) technology. 
         FIG. 15  illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a system used in the clock in/out process using GPS technology. 
         FIG. 16  graphically illustrates an exemplary embodiment of the method of the present invention using a geofencing technique in the case of an employee clocking in. 
         FIG. 17  graphically illustrates an exemplary embodiment of the method of the present invention using a geofencing technique in the case of an employee clocking out. 
         FIG. 18  graphically illustrates an exemplary embodiment of the present invention in which a mobile application may notify a supervisor if an employee enters a restricted work zone. 
         FIG. 19  illustrates a flow diagram of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention in which a mobile application may use signals from a BLE device to determine if an employee enters a restricted work zone and subsequently notify a supervisor about the unauthorized entrance into the restricted work zone. 
         FIG. 20  graphically illustrates an exemplary embodiment of the method of the present invention in which a mobile application may be use a signal from a BLE device to identify when an employee leaves and returns to a work zone during his scheduled work shift, and records the times of exit and entrance. 
         FIG. 21  illustrates an exemplary embodiment of the system of the present invention in which two of location tracking embodiments of the present invention may be used together to clock in/out an employee. 
         FIG. 22  illustrates an exemplary embodiment of the system of the present invention in which two of location tracking embodiments of the present invention may be used together to clock in/out an employee and the placement of one of location tracking embodiments affects the ability of an employee to clock in/out. 
         FIG. 23  illustrates an exemplary embodiment of the present invention in which the three previously mentioned location tracking embodiments may be combined to clock in/out an employee. Such exemplary embodiment of the present invention may be used with work zones with no established office or with no defined physical perimeter. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     As shown in the accompanying drawings, for purposes of illustration, the present invention uses specific methods and technologies to clock an employee in or out based on his schedule using a mobile application. 
     Employees may include, but may not be limited to, full-time employees, part-time employees, and independent contractors. Employees may also include any privately employed wage earner. Generally, employees have a scheduled work shift, and employees generally clock in at the beginning of their scheduled work shift and clock out at the end of their scheduled work shift. Clocking in and out generally involves recording the time that the employee enters and leaves the work zone at the prescribed times. 
     In  FIG. 1 , an employee may have a mobile device that may be running a mobile time clock application (step  0100 ). The employee may enter into a work zone, and the mobile application on the mobile device may scan the area near the employee for a signal (step  0101 ) from at least one low energy device. A low energy device may be a Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) device, a Near Field Communication (NFC) device, a wireless router (Wi-Fi), or a global positioning system (GPS). A work zone may include more than one low energy device. If the mobile application on the mobile device does not detect a signal from a low energy device, then the mobile application may determine whether the employee has configured the mobile application to receive notifications from a server (step  0102 ). If the mobile application is configured to receive notifications from a server, the mobile application may use the steps as further explained in  FIG. 3  (step  0103 ). If, on the hand, the mobile device is not configured to receive notifications from a server, the mobile application may use the steps as further explained in  FIG. 2  (step  0104 ). Step  0104  may also occur in other exemplary embodiments where the system of the present invention may have an issue with the employee&#39;s mobile device. Such issues may include the mobile device not working; the employee forgetting the mobile device at another location; the work zone not including a low energy device sending a signal to the mobile application on the mobile device; and the system not supporting the operating system or the older version of the mobile application on the mobile device. Step  0104  may also occur in exemplary embodiments where the system may be having software issues (e.g., the mobile application is not running, the mobile application is not installed on the mobile device). In another exemplary embodiment, the server may be having issues (e.g., the server is down, the mobile application may have lost connection with a public computer or communications network and thereby cannot communicate with the server, or the server cannot retrieve the employee&#39;s work schedule). In such embodiment, the mobile application may cache the data to the mobile device and attempt to send to the server at a later time, using the steps as described in  FIG. 1 . 
     Otherwise, the mobile device is in a signal range and has detected at least one signal from at least one low energy device. The mobile application then may enter the automatic clock in/out flow  0105 . The automatic clock in/out flow  0105  allows the mobile application to automatically clock in/out the employee, without any input from the employee. In this series of steps, the mobile application will send a request to the server (step  0106 ) asking if the employee is scheduled or not within a defined threshold (step  0107 ). The server may be an apparatus that comprises a processor, memory, and a connection to a data or communications network, such as the Internet or any other computer or communications network. The server may also communicate with a database that stores the employee&#39;s work schedule. The server may retrieve the employee&#39;s work schedule from the database, and may send a response to the mobile device about the employee&#39;s work schedule. If the mobile application receives a response from the server that indicates that the employee is not scheduled to work, then the mobile application may give the option to the employee to manually clock in (step  0108 ) which references  FIG. 2 . On the other hand, if the mobile application receives a response from the server that indicates that the employee is scheduled to work, then the mobile application will check if the employee enabled the automatic clocking in/out functionality (step  0109 ). If the employee did not enable automatic clocking in/out, then the mobile application may use the steps as shown in  FIG. 3  (step  0110 ). On the other hand, if the employee did enable automatic clocking in/out, then the mobile application clocks the employee in/out (step  0111 ). At the end  0112  of the automatic clock in/out flow  0105 , the employee is either clocked in or out. 
       FIG. 2  illustrates a manual clock in/out flow of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. The automatic clock in/out flow  0105 , as shown in  FIG. 1 , does not require an action from the employee or from the user of the mobile application, except in the scenario where the employee is not scheduled to work. Compared to the automatic clock in/out flow, a manual clock in/out requires an action from the user of the mobile application and may be initiated in two ways. The mobile application may begin using the steps of the manual clock in/out flow  0200  in determining whether the employee is prompted by the mobile application to push a button on the mobile application&#39;s graphic user interface (GUI) to clock in/out (step  0201 ). If the mobile application prompts the employee to manually clock in/out (step  0201 ), then employee may open the mobile application and press the clock in/out button on the GUI (step  0203 ). The mobile application may also begin using the steps of the manual clock in/out flow  0200  when the employee wants to clock in/out without any prompt from the mobile application (step  0202 ). If the employee wants to manually clock in/out without a prompt from the mobile application, then the employee may open the mobile application and presses the clock in/out button on the GUI (step  0203 ). After the employee presses the GUI clock in/out button, the mobile application may determine whether the employee is scheduled to work (step  0206 ). The mobile application may communicate with the server using a public computer or communications network. The server may then communicate with the database that stores the employee&#39;s work schedule. The mobile application may receive a communication from the server to assist in determining whether the employee is scheduled to work. If the employee is scheduled to work, then the mobile application may change the employee&#39;s status to clocked in/out based on the employee&#39;s previous status of being clocked out/in (step  0208 ). In the case that the employee is not scheduled to work, the mobile application may inform the employee that he is not scheduled to work at the work zone (step  0205 ). The mobile application may prompt the employee to override the work schedule stored in the database (step  0207 ). If the employee chooses not to override the work schedule stored in the database, the mobile application may not change the employee&#39;s status (step  0204 ). If, on the other hand, the employee chooses to override the work schedule, in which the employee is not scheduled, the mobile application may change the employee&#39;s status to clocked in/out based on the previous status to clocked in/out based on the employee&#39;s previous status of being clocked out/in (step  0208 ). 
       FIG. 3  illustrates a clock in/out flow of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention resulting from a notification from the server to the mobile application. The steps involving a notification may occur when the automatic clock in/out functionality is enabled on the mobile device, as shown in steps  0109  and  0110  of  FIG. 1 . It may also occur when the mobile application detects that the signal detection functionality of the mobile device is not enabled, as shown in steps  0102  and  0103  of  FIG. 1 . When an event triggers the notification flow  0300 , the mobile application may receive a notification from the server to inform the employee to clock in/out (step  0301 ). The mobile application may display a message to the employee with the time or information to clock in/out (step  0302 ). The employee may open the mobile application and press the GUI&#39;s clock in/out button (step  0303 ). At the end of the notification flow  0300 , the employee is either clocked in or out (step  0304 ). 
     Exemplary Embodiments Using Bluetooth Technology 
       FIG. 4  illustrates a flowchart of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention that demonstrates clock in/out activity when the mobile device detects a signal from using a BLE device. The employee may be arriving at the work zone and wishes to clock in (step  0400 ), or the employee may be already clocked in. If the mobile device does not have the Bluetooth detection setting turned on (step  0401 ), then the mobile application on the mobile device may use the steps of the notification flow (step  0402 ) as explained earlier in  FIG. 3 . If the Bluetooth detection setting is turned on and the mobile device detects a signal from a BLE uniquely defined for that location (step  0403 ), then the mobile application may proceed to clock in the employee (step  0405 ), as shown in  FIG. 1 . On the other hand, if the Bluetooth detection setting is turned on and yet the mobile device does not detect a signal from a BLE, then the mobile application may use the steps of the notification flow (step  0404 ), as explained earlier in  FIG. 3 . After step  0405 , the flow may end (step  0406 ). 
       FIG. 5  illustrates exemplary embodiment of the system  0500  of components used during a clock in/out flow using BLE devices. The employee  0501  may own or possess a mobile device  0502 . The employee may arrive at a work zone. The work zone may be associated with a BLE device  0503 . When the mobile device  0502  detects a signal from a BLE device  0503 , the mobile application on the mobile device  0502  may send a request to the server  0505  through a public computer or communications network  0504  (e.g., the cloud network) during the course of clocking the employee in/out. The mobile application may be requesting for the employee&#39;s work schedule. After receiving a request from the mobile application, the server  0505  may communicate with a database  0506  to store and retrieve event data. Event data may include data that relates to the employee&#39;s location, the employee&#39;s work schedule, the employee&#39;s clock in/out times that fall within the employee&#39;s work schedule. The server  0505 , after receiving event data from the database, may send the requested data through the public computer or communications network  0504  to the mobile application on the mobile device  0502 . 
       FIG. 6  graphically illustrates an exemplary embodiment of the method of the present invention using a BLE device in the case of an employee clocking in. When the employee  0601  enters the work zone  0601  which is associated with a BLE device  0602 , the employee&#39;s mobile device  0603  may detect a signal from the BLE device  0602  The mobile application on the mobile device  0603  will send a request to the server  0606  through a public computer or communications network  0605  to get the employee&#39;s work schedule. After the mobile application on the mobile device  0603  receives the employee&#39;s work schedule from the server  0606  (through the public computer or communications network  0605 ), the mobile application will determine if the employee  0604  is scheduled to work. If the employee  0604  is scheduled to work in the work zone  0601 , then the mobile application may clock in the employee  0604 , manually or automatically (step  0607 ), as explained earlier in  FIG. 1 . 
       FIG. 7  graphically illustrates an exemplary embodiment of the method of the present invention with a BLE device in the case of an employee clocking out. When the employee  0704  enters the work zone  0701  which it is associated with a BLE device  0702 , the employee&#39;s mobile device  0704  may detect a signal from the BLE device  0702 . The mobile application on the mobile device  0703  will send a request to the server  0706  through a public computer or communications network  0705  to get the employee&#39;s work schedule. After the mobile application on the mobile device  0703  receives the employee&#39;s work schedule from the server  0706  (through the public computer or communications network  0705 ), the mobile application will determine if the employee  0704  is scheduled to clock out. If the employee  0704  is scheduled to clock out and leave the work zone  0701 , then the mobile application may clock out the employee  0704 , manually or automatically (step  0707 ), as explained earlier in  FIG. 1 . 
     Exemplary Embodiments using NFC Technology 
       FIG. 8  is a flowchart of an exemplary embodiment that illustrates a clock in flow using a Near Field Communication (NFC) device. Upon arriving at the work zone (step  0800 ), the employee may tap his mobile device with the NFC device at the work zone (step  0801 ). This step  0801  of tapping the mobile device with the NFC device allows communication between the NFC device and the mobile device. This step  0801  may also enable functionality on the mobile device to send communications through a public computer or communications network. The action of tapping the NFC device with the mobile device is discussed later in the explanation of  FIG. 11 . After step  0801 , the mobile application on the mobile device may check if the employee has already clocked in (step  0802 ). If the employee is clocked in according to the mobile application, then the mobile application may display a message on the GUI to prompt action from the employee (step  0803 ). This message may inform the employee that he is already clocked in and may need to clock out before clocking in. If the employee chooses not to clock out at step  0804 , then the clock in activity may end (step  0808 ). If, on the other hand, the employee chooses to clock out (step  0804 ), then the mobile application may return to the steps that may occur if the employee was not clocked in (step  0805 ). Thereby, if the employee is not already clocked in or if the employee chooses to clock out when he was already clocked in, then the mobile application, and subsequently the mobile device, may communicate with the server through a public computer or communications network to retrieve the employee&#39;s work schedule. Upon receiving the employee&#39;s work schedule, the mobile application will check if the employee is scheduled to work or clock in (step  0805 ). If the employee is not scheduled to work or clock in, then the mobile application may manually clock in the employee (step  0806 ), as explained earlier in  FIG. 2 . If, on the other hand, the employee is scheduled to work or clock in, then the mobile application may clock the employee in (step  0807 ), automatically or manually. After step  0807 , the clock in activity may end (step  0808 ). 
       FIG. 9  is a flowchart of an exemplary embodiment that illustrates a clock out flow using a Near Field Communication device. The flowchart of  FIG. 10  details the clock in activity beginning with the employee already inside the work zone (step  0900 ). At this step  0900 , the employee may want to clock out or the employee may be prompted to clock out. The employee may also know that it is time to clock out as according to his schedule. The employee may tap his mobile device with the NFC device (step  0901 ). As explained earlier with  FIG. 9 , the signal the mobile device may receive from the NFC device may enable functionality on the mobile device to facilitate communication with the server through a public computer or communications network. After step  0901 , the mobile application may check if the employee has already clocked in (step  0902 ). If the employee is not clocked in, then the mobile application may display a message on the GUI to prompt action from the employee (step  0903 ). This message may inform the employee that the mobile application cannot find a record of the employee clocking in. The message may further inform the employee that he may need to manually clock in/out. The mobile application may then assist the employee in clocking out (step  0904 ), manually or automatically. If, on the other hand, the mobile application determines that the employee is already clocked in at step  0902 , meaning that the mobile application found a record of the employee clocking in, then the mobile application may assist the employee with clocking out, manually or automatically (step  0905 ). After clocking the employee out (step  0905 ), the clock out activity in this exemplary embodiment of the NFC clock in flow may end (step  0906 ). 
       FIG. 10  illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a system  1000  of components used during a clock in/out flow using a NFC device. An employee  1001  may own or possess a mobile device  1002 , and the work zone may be associated with a NFC device  1003 . When the employee  1001  taps the mobile device  1002  with the NFC device  1003 , a signal may be sent from the NFC device  1003  to the mobile device  1002 . The mobile application on the mobile device  1002  may interpret the signal from the NFC device  1003  and may communicate the server  1005  through a public computer or communications network  1004  (such as the cloud or the Internet). The mobile application may send to the server  1005  through the public computer or communications network  1004  a message about detecting a signal from a NFC device  1003 . Additionally, the mobile application may inform the server  1005  that the employee  1001  may need to clock in/out. The mobile application may send a request to the server  1005  through the public computer or communications network  1004  while clocking in/out the employee  1001 . As the mobile application (through the public computer or communications network  1004 ) communicates with the server  1005 , event data may be read from and written to the database  1006 . Event data, as mentioned earlier, may include data that relates to the employee&#39;s location, the employee&#39;s work schedule, the employee&#39;s clock in/out times that fall within the employee&#39;s work schedule. The server  1005 , after receiving event data from the database  1006 , may send requested event data through the public computer or communications network  1004  to the mobile application on the mobile device  1002 . 
       FIG. 11  graphically illustrates an exemplary embodiment of the method of the present invention using a NFC device in the case of an employee clocking in. When the employee  1104  enters the work zone  1101  with a mobile device  1103  associated with the employee  1104 , the employee  1104  may move towards the NFC device  1102 . The employee  1104  may tap the NFC device  1102  with the mobile device  1103 . Tapping the NFC device  1102  with the mobile device  1103  may involve positioning the mobile device  1103  within close proximity of the NFC device  1102  for the mobile device  1103  to receive a signal from the NFC device  1102 . Tapping the NFC device  1102  with the mobile device  1103  may also involve positioning the mobile device  1103  to physically contact the NFC device  1102  for the mobile device  1103  to receive a signal from the NFC device  1102 . The mobile device  1103  may detect a signal from the NFC device  1102 . Upon the mobile device  1103  detecting a signal from the NFC device  1102 , the mobile application on the mobile device  1103  may send to the server  1106  through a public computer or communications network  1105  a message that an employee  1104  has tapped the NFC device  1102  with his mobile device  1104 . The mobile application on the mobile device  1103  may also send and receive event data to and from the server  1106  through the public computer or communications network  1105 . If the event data indicates that the employee  1104  is scheduled to clock in the work zone  1101 , the mobile application may clock in to the employee  1104 , manually or automatically (step  1107 ), as explained earlier in  FIG. 1 . 
       FIG. 12  graphically illustrates an exemplary embodiment of the method of the present invention with a NFC device in the case of an employee clocking out. When the employee  1204  clocks out, the employee  1204  with his mobile device  1203  may move towards the NFC device  1202  in the work zone  1201 . The employee  1204  may tap the NFC device  1202  with his mobile device  1203 . As mentioned earlier, tapping the NFC device  1202  with the mobile device  1203  may involve positioning the mobile device  1203  near the NFC device  1202  or may involve direct physical contact between the two devices. The mobile application on the mobile device  1203  may detect a signal from the NFC device  1202 , and the mobile application may send a message to the server  1206  through a public computer or communications network  1205 . The message may inform the server  1206  that the employee  1204  has tapped the NFC device  1202  with his mobile device  1203 . As mentioned earlier, the mobile application may also send and receive event data to and from the server  1206 . If the event data received by the mobile application indicates that the employee  1204  is scheduled to clock out of the work zone  1201 , the mobile application may clock in the employee, manually or automatically (step  1207 ) as explained in  FIG. 1 . 
     Exemplary Embodiments using GPS Technology 
       FIG. 13  illustrates a flow diagram of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention involving a clock in flow using global positioning system (GPS) technology. Using GPS technology, GPS coordinates may be used to define an area around the pinpoint location associated with the GPS coordinates (“GPS location”). This area surrounding this GPS location may be exactly the same size as the work zone. In another embodiment, the area surrounding the GPS location may be larger than the work zone yet surrounding the work zone. Such area allowance may be to allow for administrative equipment that do not directly relate with the work zone. The area enclosed therefore “geofenced,” and the boundaries of this area represent the “geofence.” The geofenced work zone may be defined before an employee enters the work zone. When the employee enters a predefined geofenced area that includes the work zone (step  1300 ), the mobile application on the employee&#39;s mobile device may check if the employee has already clocked in (step  1301 ). If the mobile application determines that the employee has already clocked in, then the mobile application may display a message on the GUI to prompt action from the user (step  1302 ). The message may inform the employee that he is already clocked in and may need to clock out before clocking back in. If the employee chooses not to clock out at step  1303 , then the mobile application may stop attempting to clock in the employee (step  1307 ). If, on the other hand, the employee chooses to clock out after being informed about being already clocked in (step  1303 ), then the mobile application may return to the steps that may occur if the employee was not clocked in. Thereby, if the employee is not already clocked in or if the employee chooses to clock out when he was already clocked in, then the mobile application may communicate with the server through a public computer or communications network to retrieve the employee&#39;s work schedule. Upon receiving the employee&#39;s work schedule, the mobile application will determine if the employee is scheduled to clock in (step  1304 ). If the employee is not scheduled to work or clock in, then the mobile application may manually clock in the employee (step  1305 ), as explained earlier in reference to  FIG. 2 . If, on the other hand, the employee is scheduled to work or clock in, then the mobile application may clock the employee in (step  1306 ), manually or automatically. After step  1306 , the clock in activity may end (step  1307 ). 
       FIG. 14  illustrates a flow diagram  1400  of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention involving a clock out flow using global positioning system (GPS) technology. As explained earlier, GPS coordinates may be used to define an area around the pinpoint location associated with the GPS coordinates (“GPS location”). The boundaries of this area surrounding the GPS location may be considered the geofence. When an employee leaves the work zone (step  1400 ), the mobile application may detect that it and the employee has left the geofenced area (step  1401 ). Upon detecting that the employee&#39;s location is not within the geofenced area, the mobile application may determine if the employee has clocked in (step  1402 ). If the mobile application determines that employee has not clocked in, then the mobile application may display a message on the GUI informing the employee that the mobile application cannot find a record of the employee clocking in (step  1403 ). After step  1403 , the mobile application may assist the employee with manually clocking in/out (step  1404 ), as explained earlier in  FIG. 2 . If, on the other hand, the mobile application determined that the employee had clocked in, then the mobile application may clock out the employee, manually or automatically (step  1405 ). After step  1405 , the clock out activity may end (step  1406 ). 
       FIG. 15  illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a system  1500  of components used during a clock in/out flow using GPS technology. An employee  1501  may own or possess a mobile device  1502 . The mobile application on the mobile device  1501  may be configured to detect GPS signals from a satellite  1503 . From GPS signals, the mobile application may be able to determine location and whether the mobile device is within a geofenced area  1507 . When the mobile application on the mobile device  1502  detects the mobile device is inside a geofenced area  1501 , the mobile application communicates to the server  1504  through a public computer or communications network  1504  that the mobile device  1502  has entered the predefined geofenced area  1507 . The server  1505  may send event data to the mobile device  1502  through the public computer or communications network, and server  1505  may also send and receive event data to and from the database  1506 . The event data may be read and written in the database  1506 . 
       FIG. 16  graphically illustrates an exemplary embodiment of the method of the present invention using a geofencing technique in the case of an employee clocking in. A work zone  1602  may be inside a larger geofenced area  1601 . The work zone  1602  may also be the size of the geofenced area  1601 . In one exemplary embodiment, the predefined geofenced area  1601  may be defined by GPS coordinates  1603  located inside the work zone  1602 . In such embodiment, the geofenced area  1601  may be a predefined area based on the GPS coordinates  1603 . When the employee  1605  moves towards a work zone  1602 , which may be inside a predefined geofenced area  1601 , the mobile application installed on the mobile device  1604  may determine that based on GPS signals the mobile device  1604  is inside the geofenced area  1601 . When the mobile application determines that the mobile device is inside the geofenced area, the mobile application on the mobile device  1604  sends to the server  1607  through a public computer or communications network  1606  a message to determine if the employee  1605  is scheduled to clock in. Once the mobile application determines if the employee  1605  is scheduled to clock in, then the mobile application may clock in the employee  1605 , manually or automatically, as explained in  FIG. 1 . 
       FIG. 17  graphically illustrates an exemplary embodiment of the method of the present invention using a geofencing technique in the case of an employee clocking out. As mentioned earlier, a geofenced area  1701  that encompasses the work zone  1702  may be defined as a predefined area around GPS coordinates  1703 . When the employee  1705  attempts to leave the work zone  1702 , which is inside a predefined geofenced area  1701 , the mobile application on the mobile device  1704  may determine that the mobile device  1704  is outside the geofenced area  1701 , and thereby the work zone  1702 . Upon determining that the mobile device  1704 , and subsequently the employee  1705 , is not inside the geofenced area  1701 , the mobile application may sends a message to the server  1707  through a public computer or communications network  1706  to determine if the employee  1705  is scheduled to clock out. If the employee  1705  is scheduled to clock out, then the mobile application may clock out the employee  1705  (step  1708 ), manually or automatically, as explained earlier in reference to  FIG. 1 . If, on the other hand, the employee is not scheduled to clock out, the mobile application may take steps as explained later in reference to  FIG. 20 . 
     Alternative Exemplary Embodiments 
       FIG. 18  graphically illustrates an exemplary embodiment of the present invention in which a mobile application may notify a supervisor if an employee enters a restricted work zone. This exemplary embodiment may be used when an employee leaves a work zone and is not scheduled to clock out at the time he leaves the work zone. This exemplary embodiment may use any, or any combination, of the previously mentioned location tracking embodiments of the present invention. Additionally, this exemplary embodiment may be used in any of the previously discussed embodiments.  FIG. 18  illustrates the exemplary embodiment using a BLE device. A restricted work zone  1804  may be an area that the employee is not authorized to enter or to be in. The mobile application on the mobile device  1802  may keep track of the areas in which the employee  1803  is authorized to be. When the employee  1803  leaves a work zone  1801 , in which the employee  1803  is authorized to be, and enters a restricted work zone  1804 , the mobile application on the mobile device  1802  may detect a signal from a BLE device  1805  associated with the restricted work zone  1804 . The mobile application may communicate a server through a public computer or communications network to retrieve event data that would assist in determining if the employee  1803  is authorized to be in the restricted work zone  1804  (step  1806 ). Event data may include a list of work zones in which the employee is authorized to be. Upon receiving event data from the server, if the mobile application determines that the employee  1803  is authorized to be inside the restricted work zone  1804 , then the mobile application may not notify a supervisor. If, on the other hand, the mobile application determines that the employee  1803  is not authorized to be inside the restricted work zone  1804 , the mobile application may display a message (step  1807 ) informing the employee  1803  that he is not authorized to be at the restricted work zone  1804 . The server may send a notification to a supervisor (step  1808 ) about the employee entering the restricted work zone  1804  without authorization. After step  1806  or step  1808 , the mobile application may resume the step that it may have interrupted to react to the employee entering a restricted work zone (step  1809 ). 
       FIG. 19  illustrates a flow diagram  1900  of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention in which a mobile application may use signals from a BLE device to determine if an employee enters a restricted work zone and subsequently notify a supervisor about the unauthorized entrance into the restricted work zone. This exemplary embodiment may use any, or any combination, of the previously mentioned location tracking embodiments of the present invention. Additionally, this exemplary embodiment may be used in any of the previously discussed embodiments. A supervisor or manager may define work zones that are restricted and require clearance from a supervisor or manager before an employee may enter (step  1901 ). A BLE device is placed at each restricted work zone, and each BLE device is assigned a unique identifier (step  1902 ). The supervisor or manager may identify employees that are authorized to be in the restricted work zones, and input the list of authorized employees into a database (step  1903 ). After inputting the list of authorized individuals into the database, when an employee enters a restricted work zone (step  1904 ), the mobile application on the mobile device may detect a signal from the BLE device placed at the restricted work zone (step  1905 ). The mobile application may then communicate with the server to determine whether the employee is authorized to be at the restricted work zone (step  1906 ). The mobile application may receive from the server a message that informs the mobile application whether the employee is authorized to be at the restricted work zone. If the mobile application determines that the employee is authorized to enter or be in the restricted work zone, then the mobile application may take no further action (step  1909 ) and may not notify a supervisor. If, on the other hand, the mobile application determines that the employee is not authorized to enter or be in the restricted work zone, then the mobile application may display a message informing the user that he is not authorized to be at the restricted work zone (step  1907 ). The mobile application may then notify a supervisor that the unauthorized employee entered the restricted work zone (step  1908 ). After step  1908 , the mobile application may take no further action (step  1909 ). 
       FIG. 20  graphically illustrates an exemplary embodiment of the method of the present invention in which a mobile application may be use a signal from a BLE device to identify when an employee leaves and returns to a work zone during his scheduled work shift, and records the times of exit and entrance. The mobile application may record the time at which the employee took a break, the duration of the break, and the number of breaks the employee takes during his scheduled work shift. This exemplary embodiment may use any, or any combination, of the previously mentioned location tracking embodiments of the present invention. Additionally, this exemplary embodiment may be combined with any of the previously discussed embodiments. When the employee  2004  moves out of the work zone  2001  with his mobile device  2003 , the employee may pass by the BLE device  2002 , located near the exit of the work zone  2001 . The mobile application on the mobile device may detect a signal from the BLE device  2002 , and the mobile application may communicate with a server through a public computer or communications network. The mobile application may send to the server a message stating that the employee has left the work zone. The server may record the information concerning the employee&#39;s departure from the work zone (step  2005 ) (e.g., the time that the employee left the work zone). When the employee  2004  returns to the work zone  2001 , the mobile application on the mobile device  2003  may detect a signal from the BLE device  2002 . The mobile application then may communicate with the server through a public computer or communications network. The mobile application may communicate to the server that the employee has entered the work zone. The server may record the information regarding the employee&#39;s re-entrance into the work zone (step  2006 ) (e.g., the time that the employee returned to the work zone) and may store the information in a database. After step  2006 , the mobile application may take no further action and resume the step that the mobile application may have interrupted when the employee  2004  left the work zone  2001  (step  2007 ). Using the information about the employee&#39;s departure from and re-entrance into the work zone, the mobile application may determine the duration of the employee&#39;s absence from the work zone  2001 . The mobile application may also use the information to determine the number of the employee&#39;s absences from the work zone  2001 . 
       FIG. 21  illustrates an exemplary embodiment of the system  2190  of the present invention in which two of location tracking embodiments of the present invention may be used together to clock in/out an employee. This particular exemplary embodiment illustrates the use of BLE devices in conjunction with GPS technology. This exemplary embodiment may use any, or any combination, of the previously mentioned location tracking embodiments of the present invention. Such an exemplary embodiment may be used for work zones with no office or with no defined physical perimeter. In another exemplary embodiment, a BLE device  2104  may be installed inside a car or inside a booth at a venue. The BLE device  2104  may be used to verify that the employee&#39;s mobile device  2105  is located in the area of signal propagation from the BLE device  2104 . The geofencing technique, as explained earlier, may be used to ensure the BLE device  2104  is in the work zone  2101  since the BLE device  2104  may be moved. The exemplary embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 22  demonstrates an embodiment in which the employee  2106  may not be able to clock in/out. In such embodiment, the BLE device  2104  is positioned outside the geofenced area  2101 , which, as explained earlier, may be defined by an area surrounding GPS coordinates  2103  within the work zone  2102 . Even though the employee  2106  has positioned the mobile device  2104  near the BLE device  2104 , the mobile application on the mobile device  2104  may not clock in/out the employee  2106  because the employee&#39;s location, determined by the GPS coordinates received by the mobile application from a GPS satellite, is not in the geofenced area  2101 . 
       FIG. 22  illustrates an exemplary embodiment of the system  2200  of the present invention in which two of location tracking embodiments of the present invention may be used together to clock in/out an employee and the placement of one of location tracking embodiments affects the ability of an employee to clock in/out. This exemplary embodiment may use any, or any combination, of the previously mentioned location tracking embodiments of the present invention. Compared to the exemplary embodiment as illustrated in  FIG. 22 , this particular exemplary embodiment may allow an employee  2206  to clock in/out on the mobile application on the mobile device  2205 . In this particular exemplary embodiment, the mobile device  2205  is positioned near a BLE device  2204 , and the mobile device may detect a signal from the BLE device  2204 . The BLE device  2204  may also be located inside the geofenced area  2201 , which, as explained earlier, may be defined by an area surrounding GPS coordinates  2203  within the work zone  2202 . With the BLE device  2204  located inside the geofenced area  2201 , the employee&#39;s location, determined by GPS coordinates received by the mobile application from a GPS satellite, is thereby in the geofenced area  2201 , and the mobile application may allow the employee to clock in/out, manually or automatically. 
       FIG. 23  illustrates an exemplary embodiment of the system  2300  of the present invention in which the three previously mentioned location tracking embodiments may be combined to clock in/out an employee. Such exemplary embodiment of the present invention may be used with work zones with no established office or with no defined physical perimeter. In one exemplary embodiment, a BLE device  2304  may be installed inside a car or inside a booth at a venue. In another exemplary embodiment, an employer may wish to verify the employee&#39;s presence in the work zone  2302 . In such exemplary embodiment, the mobile application may randomly prompt the employee  2307  to verify his presence within the work zone  2302 . The employee  2307  may verify his presence by tapping the NFC device  2306  with the mobile device  2304 . The BLE device  2304  may be used to verify that the employee&#39;s mobile device  2306  is located near the BLE device  2304  and thereby is receiving a signal from the BLE device  2304 . The geofencing technique, as explained earlier in reference to  FIG. 21  and  FIG. 22 , may be used to ensure the BLE device  2304  is inside the geofenced area, especially since the BLE device may be moved.  FIG. 23  illustrates an exemplary embodiment of the present invention in which an employee may be able to clock in/out. In such embodiment, the mobile device  2306 , owned by or associated with the employee  2307 , receives a signal from a BLE device  2304 . The BLE device is located inside the geofenced area  2301 , which, as explained earlier, may be defined by an area surrounding GPS coordinates  2303  within the work zone  2302 . The employee  2304  may clock in/out by tapping the mobile device  2306  to the NFC device  2305 . 
     While various embodiments in accordance with the principles disclosed herein have been described above, it should be understood that they have been presented by way of example only, and not limitation. Thus, the breadth and scope of this disclosure should not be limited by any of the above-described exemplary embodiments, but should be defined only in accordance with any claims and their equivalents issuing from this disclosure. Furthermore, the above advantages and features are provided in described embodiments, but shall not limit the application of such issued claims to processes and structures accomplishing any or all of the above advantages. 
     Additionally, the section headings herein are provided for consistency with the suggestions under 37 C.F.R. 1.77 or otherwise to provide organizational cues. These headings shall not limit or characterize the invention(s) set out in any claims that may issue from this disclosure. Specifically and by way of example, although the headings refer to a “Detailed Description” any claims issuing from the subject matter taught in the present disclosure should not be limited by the language chosen under this heading to describe the so-called field. Further, a description of any technology as background or conventional is not to be construed as an admission that certain technology is prior art to any embodiment(s) in this disclosure. Neither is the “Summary” to be considered as a characterization of the embodiment(s) set forth in issued claims. Furthermore, any reference in this disclosure to “invention” in the singular should not be used to argue that there is only a single point of novelty in this disclosure. Multiple embodiments may be set forth according to the limitations of the multiple claims issuing from this disclosure, and such claims accordingly define the embodiment(s), and their equivalents, that are protected thereby. In all instances, the scope of such claims shall be considered on their own merits in light of this disclosure, but should not be constrained by the headings set forth herein.