Abstract:
For testing the connections ( 13 ) of batteries ( 8 ) that are connected in a battery module ( 5 ) to several bus bars ( 6, 7 ) that are electrically in parallel with their battery electrodes ( 10, 11 ) by a resistance measurer ( 16 ) comprising a pair of contact pins ( 17, 18 ), during a measurement a first batten′ electrode ( 10 ) is contacted by a first contact pin ( 17 ) and a point on the conductor arrangement ( 13, 6, 13, 10 ) connected to the first battery electrode ( 10 ) is contacted by the second contact pin.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application is a U.S. national stage of International Application No. PCT/IB2016/000304, filed Jan. 11, 2016, and claims priority to U.S. provisional Application No. 62/113,788, filed Feb. 9, 2015. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND OF INVENTION 
       [0002]    Field of Invention 
         [0003]    The invention relates to a method and a device for testing the connections of batteries, several of which in a battery module are connected, electrically in parallel, with their battery electrodes to bus bars. 
         [0004]    Brief Description of Related Art 
         [0005]    For example, battery modules for electric vehicles can be produced with this technology using commercial lithium ion batteries, for example, in the AA format, that have a parallel arrangement of, for example, 500 batteries. This concerns a parallel circuit of a very large number of batteries. This results in problems in the tests required after the production of the battery module. 
         [0006]    The batteries are connected with their battery electrodes to bus bars. The connections can be constructed in many ways, for example, as a direct contact or via connection connectors that are connected, for example, in the form of a wire to the battery electrode on the one hand and to the bus bar on the other hand. These connections must be tested. 
         [0007]    The present invention therefore has the problem of creating a method and a device with which the connections of the batteries can be tested. 
       BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0008]    This problem is solved with a method for testing the connections of batteries, several of which in a battery module are connected, electrically in parallel, with their battery electrodes to bus bars, by means of a resistance measurer comprising a pair of contact pins, in a measurement, with a first contact pin a first electrode being contacted and with a second contact pin a point on the conductor arrangement being connected to the first battery electrode. The problem is also solved with a device for carrying out the method for testing a battery module in which the batteries are arranged in a fixed grid, characterized in that a test head that can move over the grid carries several contact pins arranged so that they fit the grid. In another embodiment, a safety contact pin is connected by a safety resistance measurer to a contact pin of the resistance measurer, wherein the contact pin and the safety contact pin are designed for the simultaneously contacting of the same contactable surface. In another embodiment, a battery module in which at least one of the bus bars is constructed as a plate with holes arranged in a grid under which holes the associated battery electrodes are arranged, and the contact pins are arranged and constructed in such a manner that they extend through the holes for the contacting. 
         [0009]    According to the invention the battery module is contacted by a pair of contact pins that are connected to a resistance measurer. Such test devices have proven themselves and can be readily adapted to different test situations, for example, with movable contact pins. The resistance of the connection, for example, of a spring contact or of a soldered or welded connection connector can be checked during the measuring in accordance with the invention with one contact pin on a battery electrode and with the second contact pin on a point on the conductor arrangement connected to the latter, which allows very precise statements about the quality of the connection. A statement about the proper functioning of the battery module can be made in an uncomplicated manner with repeated or parallel measurements on all batteries of the battery module. 
         [0010]    All connections can be individually tested by means of a resistance measurer comprising a pair of contact pins, in a measurement, with a first contact pin a first electrode being contacted and with a second contact pin a point on the conductor arrangement being connected to the first battery electrode. For this, a contact pin can be placed, for example, for each battery on its battery electrode and the other contact pin can be placed on the bus bar. The measuring expense can preferably be cut in half when, during the measuring, the second contact pin is contacting a second battery electrode connected to the same bus bar. If during a measuring a contact pin is seated on the battery electrode of a battery and the other contact pin is seated on the battery electrode of another battery, then the complete connecting connection between a battery electrode, the bus bar and the other battery electrode can be determined in a measurement. Therefore, two batteries are included at the same time with practically the same measuring expense. Furthermore, during this type of measuring all contact pins contact identical contacting sites, namely, the battery electrodes, as a result of which the construction of the required test device can be simplified. 
         [0011]    During the measuring battery electrodes of adjacent batteries are advantageously contacted. As a result, the conductive connection path between the two contact points is shortened, which increases the measuring accuracy. Furthermore, the required test device can be made smaller since, for example, the required maximal distances between the contact pins are limited. Finally, the advantage of greater clarity and possibilities of simplification result in the control devices and control programs for the contact pins in comparison to a stochastic access method. 
         [0012]    If, in a customary manner in each measurement only a pair of contact pins are used, this results in the case of a battery module with several hundred batteries in a significant number of necessary measuring steps, which prolongs the total test time. Therefore, several pairs of contact pins can be advantageously contacted simultaneously. This means a significant saving of time since the travel times of the contact pins always require the greatest expenditure of time. On the other hand, the actual measuring time is usually negligible. If several pairs of contact pins are contacted simultaneously, they can, for example, also be moved simultaneously and the measurements can take place simultaneously, for example, by several resistance measurers operating in parallel or, for example, by a rapid switching of a resistance measurer onto the different pairs of contact pins. 
         [0013]    In the case of a battery module in which the batteries are arranged in a fixed grid a test head that can be moved over the grid is advantageously provided that carries several contact pins suitably arranged relative to the grid. In particular in the case of battery modules with very many batteries, the testing can be accelerated in this manner. A testing head can travel from position to position and carry out several measurements in parallel. In the case of a high number of contact pins, the work can be carried out very rapidly in this manner. 
         [0014]    A safety contact pin is provided in an advantageous manner parallel to a contact pin which safety contact pin contacts the same surface. The resistance between both contacting positions can be measured. This yields a statement about the quality of the contacting itself. If the contacting quality is also measured during each connection measurement, the measuring quality can be significantly increased. 
         [0015]    A battery module can be advantageously tested in which the bus bars are constructed as plates with holes arranged in a grid-like pattern under which the associated battery electrodes are arranged. Here the contact pins are arranged and constructed in such a manner that they reach through the holes for the contacting. This makes possible a simple but precise contacting of the battery electrodes from the free side of the plate-shaped bus bar. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0016]    The invention is shown by way of example and schematically in the drawings. In the drawings: 
           [0017]      FIG. 1  shows a side view of a device for testing the connections of batteries of a battery module with two test heads, 
           [0018]      FIG. 2  shows an enlarged section along line  2 - 2  in  FIG. 1  showing two batteries, 
           [0019]      FIG. 3  shows a atop view onto a battery module along line  3 - 3  in  FIG. 1 , 
           [0020]      FIG. 4  shows a view of a test head along line  4 - 4  in  FIG. 1 , 
           [0021]      FIG. 5  shows another test head along line  5 - 5  in  FIG. 1 , 
           [0022]      FIG. 6  shows another test head. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0023]      FIG. 1  shows a side view of a test device  1  with a frame  2  that connects a module carrier  3  to a head carrier  4  and is placed, for example, with the module carrier  3  on a table or floor that is not shown. The module carrier  3  serves to receive the battery module  5  shown in  FIG. 1 , which is to be subjected to a test. 
         [0024]      FIG. 2  shows a section from the battery module  5  showing a plate-like upper bus bar  6  and a lower bus bar  7  arranged parallel to it. The bus bars  6  and  7  can be constructed to be congruent and identical. A plurality of batteries  8  is arranged between them that are held standing in parallel in a uniform grid. The carrier structure  9  can serve for holding them and secures the position of all batteries among themselves and with the bus bars  6 ,  7 . 
         [0025]    The two batteries  8  shown are of the same type, for example, a commercial AA format. They have a longitudinally extended, cylindrical housing on whose ends battery electrodes  10  and  11  are centrally seated. 
         [0026]    The battery electrodes  10  and  11  can be constructed to be mechanically identical, as is also shown in  FIG. 2 . They have a different polarity + and − and are all electrically connected in parallel. To this end the battery electrodes  10  lying toward the upper bus bar  6  and  FIG. 2  and which are, for example, the + electrodes, are connected to the upper bus bar  6  and the lower battery electrodes  11  are all connected to the lower bus bar  7 . In order to simplify the drawing, in  FIG. 2  the electrode connections to the bus bars are only shown for the upper bus bar  6 . 
         [0027]    The upper bus bar  6  is provided with holes at the locations where the upper battery electrodes  10  are seated. Corresponding holes  12  are also formed in the lower bus bar  7 . 
         [0028]    Electrically conductive connectors  13  formed, for example, in the shape of wires or bands, are connected by one end to an upper battery electrode  10  and by the other to the upper bus bar  6 . The connectors  13  can be constructed here, for example, as a wire that is soldered at its ends to the surfaces of the battery electrode  10  or is connected by spot welding. 
         [0029]    The connectors  13  are also to be arranged in a corresponding manner between the lower battery electrodes  11  and the lower bus bar  7 . They can have a relatively small cross section since they only have to carry the current of a single battery  8 . The bus bars  6  and  7  must also consist of conductive material but require a greater cross section since the current of several batteries flows through them. 
         [0030]      FIG. 3  shows a top view onto the battery module  5 , the upper bus bar  6  and the holes  12  arranged in them. The holes  12  are arranged in the exemplary embodiment shown in the regular grid shown, in which the batteries  8  and the battery electrodes also stand. Two thick conductor cables  14  and  15  connect the upper bus bar  6  and the lower bus bar  7  to a consumer, for example, a vehicle engine or to control electronics connected in front of the latter. 
         [0031]    After the mounting of the battery module  5  it must be tested for manufacturing errors. If it is assumed that the individual batteries  8  were previously tested, then the possibility of errors in the manufacture of the battery module  5  is to be found substantially in the positioning of the connectors  13 . 
         [0032]    The connectors  13  run in an S shape between the surface of the particular battery electrode  10  and the surface of the upper bus bar  6 . Electrically conductive connections must be produced at both ends, for example, by spot welding. 
         [0033]    Breaks can occur in a connector  13  or a lacking contact on one of its ends if, for example, a soldering or welding took place in an incomplete manner. 
         [0034]    Such errors must be checked for with a test and as rapidly as possible in the case of very many connecting connections, for example, 1,000 connectors in the case of a battery module with 500 batteries. 
         [0035]    The good conductivity of the connections between the batteries  8  and the bus bars  6 ,  7  is important here. A resistance measuring is carried out in order to check them. A resistance measurer is  16  is used for this that is connected by a pair of contact pins  17 ,  18  to the lines shown in  FIG. 2 . 
         [0036]    The resistance measurer  16  comprises a current source  19  and a current measuring device  20  in a customary construction. Given a known voltage of the current source  19 , the display of the current measuring device  20  can be unambiguously re-calculated into the measured resistance value. As  FIG. 2  shows, in the exemplary embodiment the resistance is measured on short connections that conduct well. The resistance measurer  16  should therefore be designed in particular especially for the low-ohmic range. 
         [0037]    In order to determine whether a connector  13  is whole and correctly connected at both ends, measurements could be carried out, for example, between the two ends of a connector in order to check it for an interruption. Then, a contacting could be made on the connecting conductor and on the other hand on the bus bar in order to test the correct connection of the connecting conductor on the bus bar. 
         [0038]    That would mean several measurements for a connector. In addition, there is the fact that the connecting conductor  13  is sensitive and should not be touched if possible. Therefore, the measuring is carried out in such a manner as is shown in  FIG. 2 , namely, between two battery electrodes of different batteries connected to the same bus bar. In the example of  FIG. 2  shown, that is the upper bus bar  6 . 
         [0039]    As  FIG. 2  shows, two batteries  8  are measured on which the upper battery electrodes  10  are contacted by the contact pins  17  and  18 . Therefore, a current flow is generated that runs from the one battery electrode through its connector  13 , then through the upper bus bar  6  and then through the other connector to the battery electrode  10  of the other battery  8 . Therefore, two complete battery connections are measured in series. This cuts the number of measurements and therefore the measuring time in half and optimizes the significance of the measuring. 
         [0040]    A poor contacting of one of the contact pins  17 ,  18  could result in a false measurement. In order to check the reliability of the contacting, a safety measuring is carried out. For this, a safety resistance measurer  21  is provided that can have basically the same construction as the resistance measurer  16 . It is connected by the two shown conductors to the contact pin  17  on the one hand and to a safety contact pin  22  on the other hand. It can be determined with this safety arrangement if both contact pins  22  and  17  are set on the same conductive surface of the battery electrode  10  whether the contact pins  17  makes a good contact with the battery electrode  10 . If the measured resistance is above a set value, then the contacting of the contact pins  17  is probably insufficient and must be checked. 
         [0041]    A corresponding safety circuit with a safety contact pin can also be provided on the contact pin  18  in order to be able to guarantee complete contact safety. 
         [0042]    As  FIG. 2  shows, the batteries  8  are connected on the bottom to the lower bus bar  7  in an identical manner. Therefore, the tests can take place here in the same manner. 
         [0043]    The test device  1  shown in  FIG. 1  serves for the testing. It carries the battery module  5  on the module carrier  3 . The head carrier  4  carries two head drives  23  and  24  that for their part each carry a test head  25 ,  26  and can move it in the x, y and z directions in the desired manner. 
         [0044]    The test heads  25  and  26  have different sizes and carry a number of contact pins  17 ,  18 . Resistance measurers are connected to the contact pins in a manner that is not shown and are able to determine the resistance between two contact pins. In another embodiment it is also possible to operate all pairs of contact pins with only one resistance measurer that is constructed so that it can be switched between the pairs for this purpose. 
         [0045]    The test heads  25  and  26  have different sizes, as  FIGS. 1, 4 and 5  show. In the exemplary embodiment the test head  25  carries eight contact pins and the test head  26  carries four contact pins. 
         [0046]      FIG. 6  shows a test head  27  with a different pin arrangement. However, the pin arrangements of all heads  25 ,  26  and  27  shown obviously fit the grid arrangement of the holes  12  of the battery module  5 , as is shown in  FIG. 3 . 
         [0047]      FIG. 1  shows the test head  25  in raised position, that is, not contacting, and shows the test head  26  in lowered position, in which the contact pins contact battery electrodes  10  of the battery module  5 . 
         [0048]    When the top of the battery module  5  has been completely tested, the battery module can be turned around in order to now test the bottom in the same manner. 
         [0049]    In the case of a very large battery module  5 , test heads  25  with very many pins, for example, the eight pins of the test head  25  shown, can be used. Of course, even much greater test heads can be used in order to further accelerate the testing process. 
         [0050]    A test head, for example, the test head  25 , can obviously be seen on the surface of the battery module  5  successively in several adjacent positions with contacting of all its contact pins, which makes it possible to achieve a complete engagement of all holes  12 . As  FIG. 1  shows even test heads  25  and  26  with different sizes can be used. For example, narrow ranges can be tested with the smaller test head  26  that are too narrow for the large test head  25 . 
         [0051]    In the case that safety contact pins  22  are used, they are to be additionally provided on a test head, which can double the number of contact pins on a test head. 
         [0052]      FIG. 2  shows the geometry of the connectors  13  that are arranged in such a manner that they pass through a hole  12  of the bus bar  6 . They are sensitive to touch in this area and should not be touched by the contact pins  17 ,  18 . The contact pins  17 ,  18  and optionally also  22  must therefore be positioned through the hole  12  and adjacent to the connectors  13 , that is, in a very narrow area range. The position control of the head drives  23  and  24  is to be constructed in an appropriately precise manner. 
       LIST OF REFERENCE NUMERALS 
       [0053]      1  Test device  15  Conductor cable 
         [0054]      2  Frame  16  Resistance measurer 
         [0055]      3  Module carrier  17  Contact pin 
         [0056]      4  Head carrier  18  Contact pin 
         [0057]      5  Battery module  19  Current source 
         [0058]      6  Upper bus bar  20  Current measuring device 
         [0059]      7  Lower bus bar  21  Safety resistance measurer 
         [0060]      8  Battery  22  Safety contact pin 
         [0061]      9  Carrier structure  23  Head drive 
         [0062]      10  Battery electrode  24  Head drive 
         [0063]      11  Battery electrode  25  Test head 
         [0064]      12  Hole  26  Test head 
         [0065]      13  Connector  27  Test head 
         [0066]      14  Conductor cable