Abstract:
A supercalendering apparatus for smoothing the surface of a web by passing it through the nip between a metal roll and an elastic roll is disclosed. The elastic roll is composed of a core metal roll having a first coating made of a fibrous material wound about the core roll and an inorganic filler loaded epoxy resin impregnated in the fibrous material, and a second coating of an inorganic filler loaded epoxy resin formed on the first coating.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to a supercalender apparatus for smoothing the surface of a web by passing it through the nip between a metal roll and an elastic roll. More particularly, the invention relates to an improved supercalender apparatus in which the elastic roll does not develop cracks due to shrinkage after shaping and in which the elastic roll has an improved resistance to heat and pressure in service. 
     As shown in Japanese Published Patent Application No. 36704/79, a highly heat-resistant and pressure-resistant elastic roll for use in a supercalender apparatus is conventionally manufactured by winding a fibrous material about a metal roll (core) and impregnating the fibrous material with a polyamide resin. A elastic roll has also been proposed that uses a core metal roll wherein the fibrous material is not wound about the core metal roll but instead a polyamide, polyurethane or epoxy reson blended with a filler such as quartz powder or carbon black is fixed to the surface of the core roll. However, as the outside diamter of the elastic roll is made larger, more cracks tend to develop due to shrinkage after shaping of the roll. Furthermore, an especially significant problem with the elastic roll having a polyamide resing coating has not been solved completely, that is, it becomes more difficult to maintain a desired surface temperature for the elastic roll as the operating temperature is increased so that the roll can easily be deformed. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Therefore, an object of the invention is to provide a supercalender apparatus whose elastic roll is free from the defects of the conventional product and which ensures consistent operations over an extended period of time. 
     This and other objects of the invention are achieved by a supercalender apparatus using an elastic roll including a core metal roll having a first coating made of a fibrous material such as glass fibers or carbon fibers wound about the core roll and an inorganic filler loaded epoxy resin impregnated in the fibrous material. A second coating of an inorganic filler loaded epoxy resin is formed on the first coating. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING 
     The single FIGURE is a longitudinal sectional view of an elastic roll constructed according to the invention. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     In the drawing, an elastic roll used in the apparatus of the invention, generally indicated at 1, includes a core metal roll 2 about which a glass fiber material 3 is wound helically or cross-helically. The fiber material is impregnated with an inorganic filler-loaded epoxy resin to form a first coating 4 wherein the fiber material 3 is strongly fixed to the metal roll 2. On the first coating 4 is formed a layer of a inorganic filler loaded epoxy resin 5, which forms a second coating 6. A strand or fabric of the glass fiber material is preferably wound helically or cross-helically about the core metal roll 2 to form a layer about 2 to 50 mm thick. The epoxy resin used in the first coating 4 and second coating 6 is generally of the phenoxy type of primarily the following formulae: ##STR1## 
     A curing agent may be used in combination with the epoxy resin. Aliphatic polyvalent amines (e.g., ethylene-diamine, diethylenetriamine and diethylaminopropylamine) can be used as the curing agent. 
     Typical examples of the epoxy resin are Epikote 1001, 1009 and 828 available from Shell International Chemicals Corp. A suitable epoxy resin for use in the elastic roll according to the invention has a molecular weight in the range of from 380 to 3750. Satisfactory roll strength and filler dispersion is not achieved if the molecular weight of the resin is less than 380. A resin whose molecular weight is greater than 3750 provides a roll which develops cracks relatively easily after shaping. 
     An inorganic filler such as quartz powder or carbon black is incorporated in the epoxy resin. The particle size of the filler, which varies according to its type, is desirably in a range of from 0.05 to 10μ. A filler whose particle size is outside the specified range does not provide a uniform dispersion and adversely affects the surface roughness of roll. It also increases the possibility of cracking in the roll surface. In consideration of the roll strength, 50 to 300 parts by weight of the inorganic filler is desirably added to 100 parts by weight of the epoxy resin. The second coating 6 desirably has a thickness of about 0.5 to 5 mm after the surface is finished by grinding. 
     The elastic roll 1 of the invention has the first coating 4 and second coating 6 on its surface. With this construction, cracking due to shrinkage is prevented regardless of the outside diameter of the roll 1. This advantage is considered to result mainly from the first coating 4 made of the glass fiber material and inorganic filler loaded epoxy resin. The elastic roll has and maintains satisfactory heat resistance, pressure resistance and surface smoothness. 
     It is to be understood that the glass fiber material may be replaced by carbon black. Using carbon black is effective not only for preventing cracking due to shrinkage but also for removing static buildup easily. 
     The advantages of the invention will now be described in greater detail with reference to the following example, which is given here for illustrative purposes only and is by no means intended to limit the scope of the invention. 
     EXAMPLE 
     Twenty-five elastic rolls were prepared by forming on a core metal roll having a diameter of 250 mm the coatings indicated in Table 1 under the conditions indicated in Table 2. These rolls are referred to as Sample Nos. 1 to 25. Magnetic tape samples were prepared by applying a coating solution of a magnetic layer of the following composition onto a polyethylene terephthalate base (14.5μ thick) and drying the same until the thickness of the coating was 5 μm. 
     
         ______________________________________Composition of the coating solution______________________________________Magnetic material (3% Co-coated FeO.sub.x)                       300    g4/3 ≦ × ≦3/2Vinyl chloride/vinyl acetate copolymer (degree of                       25     gpolymerization = 350) (87:13)Polyester polyol(*)         11     gSoybean lecithin            3      gSilicone oil (dimethyl polysiloxane)                       0.2    gPolyisocyanate (75 wt % ethyl acetate solution of                       10     ga reaction product of 3 mol of 2,4-tolulene di-isocyanate compound and 1 mol of trimethylolpropane)Methyl ethyl ketone         400    gToluene                     900    g______________________________________ *Reaction product of 1 mol of adipic acid, 1 mol of diethylene glycol and 0.06 mol of trimethylopropane (viscosity = 1000 cP at 75° C., specific gravity = 1.18, OH ratio 60, acid value &lt;2) 
    
     Each elastic roll was placed opposite a metal roll, and the tape samples were calendered by passing them between the rolls at a speed of 100 m/min at a nip pressure of 300 kg/cm. The calendering temperature was maintained at about 100° C. The results of the calendering are set forth in Table 3 below. 
     
                                           TABLE 1__________________________________________________________________________Factors and their conditions    Structure of 1st layer Structure of 2nd layer           Powdered quartz filler Powdered quartz filler    Glass           Par-                   Par-Sample    fiber    Epoxy resin               ticle   Thick-                           Epoxy resin                                      ticle   Thick-No. material m.w.   size                  Amount                       ness    m.w.   size                                         Amount                                              ness__________________________________________________________________________1   absent    present        1  absent               -- --   1   absent                               -- absent                                      -- --   --  (For the mean-2   &#34;    &#34;   &#34;  present               1  1    &#34;   &#34;   &#34;  &#34;   &#34;  &#34;    &#34;   ing of the con-3   present    &#34;   &#34;  &#34;   &#34;  &#34;    &#34;   &#34;   &#34;  &#34;   &#34;  &#34;    &#34;   ditions 1 to 5,4   &#34;    &#34;   &#34;  &#34;   &#34;  &#34;    &#34;   present                               1  &#34;   &#34;  &#34;    1   see Table 2.)5   &#34;    &#34;   &#34;  &#34;   &#34;  &#34;    &#34;   &#34;   &#34;  present                                      1  1    &#34;   optimum6   &#34;    &#34;   2  &#34;   &#34;  &#34;    &#34;   &#34;   2  &#34;   &#34;  &#34;    &#34;   criticality of7   &#34;    &#34;   3  &#34;   &#34;  &#34;    &#34;   &#34;   3  &#34;   &#34;  &#34;    &#34;   m.w. of epoxy8   &#34;    &#34;   4  &#34;   &#34;  &#34;    &#34;   &#34;   4  &#34;   &#34;  &#34;    &#34;9   &#34;    &#34;   5  &#34;   &#34;  &#34;    &#34;   &#34;   5  &#34;   &#34;  &#34;    &#34;10  &#34;    &#34;   1  &#34;   2  &#34;    &#34;   &#34;   1  &#34;   2  &#34;    &#34;   criticality of11  &#34;    &#34;   &#34;  &#34;   3  &#34;    &#34;   &#34;   &#34;  &#34;   3  &#34;    &#34;   filler size12  &#34;    &#34;   &#34;  &#34;   4  &#34;    &#34;   &#34;   &#34;  &#34;   4  &#34;    &#34;13  &#34;    &#34;   &#34;  &#34;   5  &#34;    &#34;   &#34;   &#34;  &#34;   5  &#34;    &#34;14  &#34;    &#34;   &#34;  &#34;   1  2    &#34;   &#34;   &#34;  &#34;   1  2    &#34;   criticality of15  &#34;    &#34;   &#34;  &#34;   &#34;  3    &#34;   &#34;   &#34;  &#34;   &#34;  3    &#34;   amount of filler16  &#34;    &#34;   &#34;  &#34;   &#34;  &#34;    &#34;   &#34;   &#34;  &#34;   &#34;  4    &#34;17  &#34;    &#34;   &#34;  &#34;   &#34;  &#34;    &#34;   &#34;   &#34;  &#34;   &#34;  5    &#34;18  &#34;    &#34;   &#34;  &#34;   &#34;  1    &#34;   &#34;   &#34;  &#34;   &#34;  1    &#34;   effect of19  &#34;    &#34;   &#34;  &#34;   &#34;  &#34;    3   &#34;   &#34;  &#34;   &#34;  &#34;    &#34;   1st layer20  &#34;    &#34;   &#34;  &#34;   &#34;  &#34;    4   &#34;   &#34;  &#34;   &#34;  &#34;    &#34;21  &#34;    &#34;   &#34;  &#34;   &#34;  &#34;    5   &#34;   &#34;  &#34;   &#34;  &#34;    &#34;22  &#34;    &#34;   &#34;  &#34;   &#34;  &#34;    1   &#34;   &#34;  &#34;   &#34;  &#34;    2   effect of23  &#34;    &#34;   &#34;  &#34;   &#34;  &#34;    &#34;   &#34;   &#34;  &#34;   &#34;  &#34;    3   2nd layer24  &#34;    &#34;   &#34;  &#34;   &#34;  &#34;    &#34;   &#34;   &#34;  &#34;   &#34;  &#34;    425  &#34;    &#34;   &#34;  &#34;   &#34;  &#34;    &#34;   &#34;   &#34;  &#34;   &#34;  &#34;    5__________________________________________________________________________ 
    
     
                       TABLE 2______________________________________   ConditionFactor    1        2       3      4     5______________________________________m.w. of epoxy     700      380     3,750  330   4,000resinParticle size     5        0.05    10     0.03  12of quartzfiller (μ)Amount of 80       50      300    40    350filler (per100 g of epoxy)Thickness of     8         2      50      1    551st layer(mm)Thickness of     2         0.5     5      0.3   62nd layer(mm)______________________________________ 
    
     
                       TABLE 3______________________________________Sample         Video     ChromaNo.   Cracking S/N dB    S/N dB Overall rating______________________________________ 1    present  0         0      no good 2    &#34;        +2        +3     &#34; 3    absent   +2        +3     not durable, no good 4    &#34;        0         0      no good 5    &#34;        +2        +3     good 6    &#34;        +1        +1.5   &#34; 7    &#34;        +0.5      +1.0   &#34; 8    present  -0.5      0      no good 9    &#34;        -0.5      0      &#34;10    absent   +1        +1.5   good11    &#34;        + 0.5     + 1.0  &#34;12    &#34;        -0.5      0      no good13    &#34;        -1.5      -2.5   &#34;14    &#34;        1         2      good15    &#34;        0.5       1      &#34;16    &#34;        0         -0.5   no good17    present  1         2      &#34;18    absent   +2        -2.5   good19    &#34;        2         2.5    &#34;20    present  1         1.5    good21    &#34;        0.5       1.5    &#34;22    absent   2         2.5    good23    &#34;        1.5       2      &#34;24    present  1.5       2      no good25    &#34;        1.0       2      &#34;______________________________________ 
    
     S/N Measurement System 
     Each calendered tape sample was slit to 1/2 inch wide and installed in a VHS cassette-half which was placed in a VHS video tape recorder (Mcloud 8800 manufactured by Matsushita electric Industries Co., Ltd.). The recorder was connected to a signal generator and a noise meter as indicated below. ##STR2## 
     Measuring Conditions 
     Chroma S/N (AM): 10 KHz-500 KHz 
     Video S/N (with weighting): 10 KHz-4 MHz 
     Results 
     Samples Nos. 5, 6, 7, 10, 11, 14, 15, 18, 19, 22 and 23 that had the first coating (2-50 mm thick) made of a glass fiber material impregnated with a blend of 50-500 g of quartz powder (0.05-10μ in size) and 100 g of an epoxy resin (m.w. 380-3750) and the second coating (0.5-5 mm thick) made of the same quartz powder and epoxy resin yielded far better overall ratings than the other samples with respect to shrinkage cracking, electromagnetic conversion characteristics and durability.