Abstract:
Treating a transport mechanism ( 5 ) for transporting print material ( 2 ) in a printing press ( 1 ) that uses toner in which oil-bearing substances ( 27 ) adhere to the transport mechanism ( 5 ). A cleaning device ( 30 ) is provided with at least one cleaning element ( 33 ) movable relative to the surface of the transport mechanism ( 5 ) for application of at least one oil-repelling substance ( 37 ) that reduces the adherence of the oil-bearing substances ( 27 ) to the transport mechanism ( 5 ). Accordingly, this cleaning element ( 33 ) can strip the surface of the transport mechanism ( 5 ) of oil-bearing substances ( 27 ).

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
   The present invention relates to treating a transport mechanism for transporting print material in a printing press that uses toner in which oil-bearing substances, specifically silicone oil, can enter the transport mechanism. 
   BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
   In printing processes such as electrophotographic printing, many toner images are produced in many printing units or repetitively, in one printing unit in order to produce a print image on a print material. In general, these toner images contain the colors cyan (C), magenta (M), yellow (Y), and black (K). To produce these toner images, first a latent electrostatic image is formed on an imaging medium. The imaging medium can be an imaging cylinder or a corresponding imaging band that, in each case, has a photoconductive surface layer. 
   The imaging cylinder is exposed, for example, by a row or a field of laser diodes or LEDS, a latent image is produced in this manner. Due to the light, previously charged regions of the surface of the imaging cylinder are discharged. The imaging cylinder then passes a development unit where toner is transferred via an inking unit to the surface of the imaging cylinder, and is held there through electrostatic forces. Dry toner or liquid toner can be used that in each case, has charged particles. 
   A voltage is applied to the area between the surfaces of the development unit and the imaging cylinder. Depending on the various potentials of the surfaces and on the function of the charge of the toner particles used, they remain adherent to the unexposed areas (charged area development, CAD) or to the exposed areas (discharged area development, DAD) of the imaging cylinder. Here, particularly, the charge sign of the toner particles are significant. For further discussion, see, for example, “Electrophotography and Development Physics”, in the second revised edition by L. B. Schein, 1996 that appeared as a reprint from Laplacian Press, pp. 32 ff. 
   The toner can be transferred directly from the imaging cylinder to print material with the aid of electrostatic forces. It is also common to use an additional transfer medium. Thus, the toner is transferred first from the imaging cylinder to the transfer medium, and can then be transferred from the transfer medium to the print material. The transfer medium can be, for example, a rubber blanket cylinder or a transfer belt. 
   When using transfer belts specifically, another possibility arises namely, that the toner images of the individual printing units are first transferred atop one another on the transfer belt and are then transferred in one step, from the transfer belt to the print material. 
   After the various toner images are applied on a print material atop one another, they are fused in a fusing apparatus onto the print material. This can be accomplished through the influence of pressure and heat on the print material. The print material is transported for this purpose, with a transport mechanism, such as a conveyor belt or transport rollers with grippers through the printing press. A fusing apparatus for example, has a fusing roller and a counter-pressure cylinder. Both the fusing roller and the counter-pressure cylinder can be heated. The print material can then be transported with the toner through the nip that is formed by the fusing roller and the counter-pressure cylinder. The toner is then fused on the print material through heat and pressure. 
   One problem that can arise in using such a fusing procedure is known as an “offset” of the toner. In this case, toner can adhere to the fusing roller and possibly to the counter-pressure cylinder and thus, soil these components. In order to prevent an offset, silicone oil and/or other oil-bearing substances are applied as a separating medium to the surface of the fusing roller and perhaps to the counter-pressure cylinder. However, the usage of such oil-bearing substances has also proven to be problematic. 
   In a duplex printing process, a print material is printed on both sides. There are various alternative methods of executing this process. For each side of the print material, independent printing units can be used. Then, with the same printing process used to print the first side, the second side is also printed and the toner images on both print material sides can be simultaneously fused on the print material. 
   In an alternative process, the first print material side is printed. The print material is then rotated in a rotating device before the second side is printing in the same printing units. Only after this second passing of the print material passes through the printing units of the printing press, this second time, is the print material fed through a fusing apparatus. The toner images on both sides of the print material are then fused simultaneously fused by the fusing apparatus on the print material. 
   One problem with this alternative process is that the unfused toner images abut onto the transport mechanism during the second passing of the print material through the printing units. The toner images may endure smearing before they are definitively fused. 
   In a third preferred duplex printing process, the first print image produced by the printing units on the first print material side, is fused before the second side of the print material is printed. To achieve this purpose, a second independent printing press can be used, or, preferably, the print material can be rotated, by a rotating device, and the second side can be printed with the same printing units previously used to print the first side. The print image produced in this manner on the second print material side, is then finally fused by the same fusing apparatus on the print material, as was the print image on the first print material side. 
   Particularly, in multicolor printing presses, it is not desirable, in terms of cost and space, to install a second set of identical printing units within the printing press. Thus, the first duplex printing process presented is frequently rejected. In order to avoid the smearing of toner on the print material that can occur in a second run through the printing press, the third duplex printing process is frequently used. 
   As described above, to avoid an offset of toner within the fusing apparatus, oil-bearing substances, particularly silicone oil, are used as a separating medium. This separating medium should, if possible, form a closed layer on the surface of the fusing roller, or alternatively on the counter-pressure cylinder. In other words, sufficient separating medium must be applied. Since the separating medium comes into contact with the surface of the print material during the fusing procedure oil-bearing substances adhering to the surface of the fused print material cannot be avoided. 
   These oil-bearing substances are found on the side of the print material that abuts, onto the transport mechanism in a duplex printing process, during the second pass through the printing units. Accordingly, the oil-bearing substances can also get onto the surface of this transport mechanism and therethrough into the individual printing units. 
   These oil-bearing substances can unfavorably disrupt the transfer of toner between the individual areas: within an inking unit, from the development unit, or alternatively the inking unit onto the imaging cylinder, or from the imaging cylinder onto a transfer medium such as a rubber blanket cylinder, and finally, onto the paper. This impairment of the toner transfer can lead to smearing or streaking formations on the print image. The varying toner density can also negatively affect a print material. 
   More silicone oil is applied on the fusing roller at the beginning of a printing process than at a later time point. If a uniform layer of silicone oil is formed on the fusing roller initially, less oil needs to be applied onto the fusing roller. Thus, the toner transfer at the beginning of a printing press is more intensive, but not as impaired as at a later point in time. Accordingly, one must either accept greater quality fluctuations within a printing process or endure more waste paper. 
   If oil-bearing substances adhere to the imaging cylinder, it can disrupt the electrophotographic process, and lead to uncontrollable variances in the print image produced. 
   SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
   Thus, the object of the present invention is to provide for treating a transport mechanism, where the impairment of the toner transfer and/or the electrophotographic process as a result of oil-bearing substances, particularly, silicone oil, can at least, be decreased. This invention should not be limited here to the duplex printing process. It should constantly be applicable whenever oil-bearing substances, particularly silicone oil, can adhere to a transport mechanism in a printing press. 
   The objective of the invention is achieved through the application of at least one oil-repelling substance that reduces the adherence of the oil-bearing substances to the transport mechanism. In a beneficial manner, through at least one oil-repelling substance, the ability of the transport mechanism to accept the oil-bearing substances is at a minimum decreased. 
   In a beneficial provision of the method, it is provided that the surface of the treated transport mechanism is then stripped of the oil-bearing substances. To achieve this cleaning, a cleaning device is provided as a solution with the apparatus having at least one cleaning element that is movable, relative to a surface of the transport mechanism. This cleaning element can then clean the surface of the transport mechanism. This cleaning element can be, for example, a roller, a cylinder, a belt, or a movable, gripped cloth. 
   At least one application element is provided for applying at least one oil-repelling substance onto the transport mechanism, in a beneficial provision of the apparatus. Such an application element can be, for example, an application roller. This roller can be supplied with the oil-repelling substance either from the inside or from the outside, and can then applied, this substance onto the transport mechanism directly, or indirectly through use of additional elements, such as sponges or cloths. 
   Since the oil-bearing substances exhibit at least a decreased adherence to the surface of the transport mechanism, it is now possible to simply completely remove them from the surface and to clean the latter so that impairment of the toner transfer and of the electrophotographic process is at least, decreased. Ideally, the oil-bearing substances will be present in the form of drops on the surface. 
   In a favorable embodiment, the at least single oil-repelling substance acts as surface that is to be stripped of the oil-bearing substances. Here, the oil-repelling substance is then sufficient to beneficially clean this surface. 
   Since, in this case, the oil-bearing substances are favorably present in the form of drops on the surface, a simple method of cleaning is possible in the manner that does not impair the surface formed. 
   In an alternate embodiment, provision can be made regarding the cleaning for the single oil-repelling substance to be simultaneously removed from the surface, at least partially. Accordingly, a particularly simple method for cleaning can be used. No consideration needs to be made regarding the coating. In both alternate embodiments, the cleaning can occur according to the invention, via a cloth that is at least slightly infused, preferably, with surfactants. 
   Specifically, in the method where the oil-repelling substance acts as the surface to be cleaned, this cloth then need only be lightly guided over the surface for cleaning to occur in order for it to remove the oil-bearing substances. This simple process is plausible primarily because the oil-bearing substances tend to form drops as a result of the decreased adherence. The drops can simply be removed with a cleaning, using a cloth, according to the invention. According to the invention, a cleaning device can include the cloth as the cleaning element for this type of cleaning. 
   In the case where the oil-repelling substances are simultaneously removed from the transport mechanism, beneficially, no additional attention needs to be paid to the contact pressure of the cloth. The pressure needs to be sufficient enough to simultaneously remove the oil-bearing substances in addition to the oil-repelling substance. 
   In a further beneficial development, it is provided that during the cleaning process, the at least single oil-repelling substance is freshly applied. This can occur specifically, through an application element according to the invention. Moreover, provision can be made so that after a removal of the at least single oil-repelling substance, the oil-repelling substance is reapplied then, after oil-bearing substances have again adhered to the surface of the transport mechanism again, the oil-repelling substance is removed again. 
   According to the invention, provision should be beneficially made for the cleaning device to include also the application element for applying the at least single oil-repelling substance. In a specific embodiment, this element can be the cloth according to the invention. The cloth should be infused to achieve this purpose of removing the oil-repelling substance, and it can be beneficially moved in the direction counter to the rotation of the transport mechanism. The cloth then runs off on the surface of the transport mechanism so that first the oil-bearing substance, simultaneously with the oil-repelling substance, is removed, and simultaneously a new oil-repelling substance is applied onto the cleaned surface. 
   In a beneficial embodiment, the oil-repelling substance is surfactants. Its behavior is well known. The oil-bearing substances will form drops on the surfactants and subsequently, the surfactants can be simply removed along with the oil drops from the surface of the transport mechanism. A cloth that is impregnated with surfactants can then reapply surfactants onto the surface. 
   In an alternate embodiment, provision is to be made for the oil-repelling substances to include at least one A/B block polymer made of two different polymers, a first polymer A being hydrophobic, and a second polymer B being hydrophilic. These block polymers settle on the surface of the transport mechanism so that the hydrophobic polymer A lies on the surface of the transport mechanism, while the hydrophilic polymer B lies thereover forming a new surface. According to the invention, the block polymer forms a new surface to be cleaned. In the cleaning process, only the oil-bearing substances that form drops on the hydrophilic layer of the A/B block polymer are removed. 
   The invention, and its objects and advantages, will become more apparent in the detailed description of the preferred embodiment presented below. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     An exemplary embodiment of an apparatus for treating a transport mechanism (but to which the invention is not limited in its scope) is shown in the drawings. The figures are as follows: 
       FIG. 1  is a portion of a printing press according to prior art with a rotating device; 
       FIG. 2  is a fusing device with silicone oil as a separating medium; 
       FIG. 3  is a conveyor belt and an apparatus for its maintenance; and 
       FIG. 4  is an enlarged lateral representation of a conveyor belt with surfactants applied as an oil-repelling substance. 
   

   DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
   Referring now to the accompanying drawings,  FIG. 1  shows a portion of a printing press  1 , according to prior art. This printing press  1  is a printing press that uses toner, e.g. a NexPress 2100®. A print material, in this case, a sheet of paper  2 , is transported along a transport path that is illustrated using arrows  3 . The sheet  2  is transported from an initial section  4  of the transport path on a conveyor belt  5 . This conveyor belt  5  then conveys the sheet  2  further through printing units  6  through  9 . The conveyor belt  5  is guided in the direction of arrows  10  to achieve this purpose. 
   The printing units  6  through  9  respectively have an imaging cylinder  11  that transfers a toner layer that is produced on it onto a blanket cylinder  12 . The representation of an imaging device for the imaging cylinder  11  and of inking units for applying the toner layer was intentionally omitted for further information, refer to the large body of prior art in this area. The sheet  2  is fed through a nip  14  between the blanket cylinder  12  and a printing cylinder  13 . The toner layer is transferred onto the sheet  2 . In each printing unit  6  through  9 , another toner image is transferred onto the sheet  2  in this manner. The toner images exhibit, for example, the colors cyan (C), magenta (M), yellow (Y), and black (K). 
   After the last printing unit  9 , the sheet  2  leaves the conveyor belt  5  and reaches a further section  15  of the transport path. The sheet  2  is then guided through a fusing device  16 . There, the toner is fused onto the sheet  2  through the use of pressure and heat. To achieve this purpose, the fusing device  16  has a fusing roller  17  and a counter-pressure cylinder  18 , with at least the fusing roller  17  being heated. 
   Subsequent to the fusing process, the sheet  2  reaches a path switch  19 . Sheets  2  that are only to be printed on one side, or that are already printed on both sides are transported in the direction of the arrow  20 . Sheets  2  that will be printed on both sides are guided in the direction of the arrow  21  into a further section  22  of the transport path. In the section  22  of the transport path, the sheets  2  are transported through a rotating device  23  where they are rotated so that their second side is printed when next passed through the printing units  6  through  9 . The rotating of the sheet  2  is represented by an arrow  24 . A final section  25  of the transport path subsequently guides the sheet  2  back to the initial section  4 . The second side of the sheet  2  is now facing up. The sheet  2  is again brought onto the conveyor belt  5 , with the previously printed side of the sheet  2  abutting the surface of the conveyor belt. 
   During the second passage of sheet  2  through the printing units  6  through  9 , toner images are additionally superimposed on the sheet  2  and are then fused on the sheet  2  in the fusing device  16 . In the path switch  19 , the sheet  2  that has had both sides printed, is conveyed along in the direction of the arrow  20 , and is fed to an extension not further depicted here. 
   In  FIG. 2 , a fusing device  16 , according to  FIG. 1 , is shown. A sheet  2  is transported on the section  15  of the transport path through the fusing device  16  in the direction of the arrow  29 . The fusing roller  17  is heated. The fusing roller  17  is situated opposite a counter-pressure cylinder  18 . They are pressed against each other to form a nip  28  through which the sheet  2  is transported. Under the simultaneous influence of the heat and the pressure, a toner (not shown) is fused on the sheet  2  in the nip  28 . 
   To prevent an offset of the toner from occurring in the fusing roller  17 , the fusing roller  17  is applied with silicone oil  27  through an oil application device  26 . The silicone oil  27  applied to the fusing roller  17  prevents the adherence of the toner on the fusing roller  17 . In the area of the nip  28 , the sheet  2  comes into contact with the surface of the fusing roller  17 ; here, silicone oil  27  partially adheres to at least the upper side of the sheet  2  that was applied with toner. 
   As explained, the silicone oil  27  can leak from the first side of the sheet  2 , during passage through the nip  28 , onto the surface of the conveyor belt  5  and finally, from the surface of conveyor belt  5 , during a second pass through the printing units  6  through  9 .  FIG. 3  shows a conveyor belt  5  and a cleaning device  30  for treating the abovementioned leak. The cleaning device  30  cleans the conveyor belt  5  in a manner so that silicone oil  27  is at least removed from the surface preventing its further penetration into the printing units  6  through  9 , which disrupts the toner transfer or the imaging of the imaging cylinder  11 . 
   To achieve this purpose, the cleaning device  30  includes a supply roller  32  that contains a porous cloth  33 . The cloth  33  is connected via a soft application roller  34  to a take-up roller  35 . The cloth  33  is unwound from the supply roller  32  and wound up by the take-up roller  35 , so that it is moved in a direction of the arrow  36  counters to the direction  10  of the conveyor belt  5 . The cloth  33  is then pressed by the soft application roller  34  onto the surface of the conveyor belt  5 . The application roller  34  releases surfactants  37  onto the cloth  33 , which subsequently transfers them onto the surface of the conveyor belt  5  as a result of its porous structure. The surfactants  37  on the surface of the conveyor belt  5  are more precisely depicted in  FIG. 4 . 
   In the direction  36  of the movement of the cloth  33 , after the transfer of the surfactants  37 , the conveyor belt is cleaned with the cloth  33  removing the surfactants  37  and silicone oil  27  found thereon. Since the cloth  33  moves in a direction counter to the direction  10  of the movement of the conveyor belt  5 , the belt  5  is first cleaned of surfactants  37  and silicone oil  27  before surfactants  37  are reapplied atop the conveyor belt  5 . The cloth  33  used in this manner is finally wound up by the take-up roller  35 . It can then be, exchanged, cleaned, and reused, for example. 
   Once freshly applied with surfactants  37 , the conveyor belt  5  is further moved in direction  10  in order to transport the sheets  2  that are to be printed through the printing units  6  through  9 . There, silicone oil  27  can again adhere to the surface of the conveyor belt  5 . This silicone oil  27  is again removed, along with the surfactants  37 , from the surface of the conveyor belt  5 . 
     FIG. 4  depicts an enlarged lateral representation of a conveyor belt  5  with surfactants  37  applied as an oil-repelling substance. 
   The surfactants  37  applied with the application roller  34  and the porous cloth  33  on the conveyor belt  5 , have both a lipophilic component  38  and a lipophobic component  39 . The lipophilic component  38  concentrates on the surface of the conveyor belt  5 , so that the lipophobic components  39  are positioned away from the conveyor belt  5 . Accordingly, the lipophobic components  39  form an area on the conveyor belt  5  on which the silicone oil  27  is deposited without significantly moistening the surface of the conveyor belt  5 . 
   The silicone oil  27  forms a drop formation on the surface of the lipophobic components  39 . Accordingly, the silicone oil  27  can simply be removed along with the underlying layer of surfactants  37 . The removal occurs through the use of the cleaning device  30 , as already explained in further detail in conjunction with  FIG. 3 . 
   It is possible for the oil-repelling layer not to be simultaneously removed from the surface of the conveyor belt  5 , with the cleaning device  30  or a similar apparatus. Thus, it can be possible, in particular, for the force of the contact pressure of the cloth  33  on the conveyor belt  5  to be weaker than the force used for an intentional removal of the oil-repelling layer. 
   It is further possible for the surface of the conveyor belt  5  to be pre-treated with oil-repelling substances, e.g., hydrophobic/hydrophilic A/B block polymers. These substances can be applied onto the conveyor belt  5  outside of the printing press  1 , or, a second apparatus (not depicted) can be provided that has an application unit that coats an uncoated conveyor belt  5  with oil-repelling substances. 
   The effect of these oil-repelling substances, particularly, the A/B block polymers, is equivalent to the effect of the surfactants  37 . In particular, the B polymers form a lipophobic surface to be cleaned on the conveyor belt  5 . There, the silicone oil  27  forms drops that can easily be removed using a cleaning device  30 . In this case as well, a perforated cloth  33  should be used that is lightly infused with surfactants  37  using the application roller  34 . The contact pressure force of the cloth  33  should then be weak enough to prevent further impairment of the surface made of A/B block polymers, but strong enough to continue to remove the silicone oil  27 . 
   Naturally, it is also possible for the cloth  33  to be pre-infused with surfactants  37  on the supply roller  32 . Consequently, the application roller  34  is no longer necessary; an elastic contact pressure roller is sufficient. This apparatus essentially corresponds to the apparatus shown in  FIG. 3 , with the inclusion of a contact pressure roller instead of the application roller  34 . 
   In the manner described, using the inventive cleaning device  30  for each passage of the conveyor belt  5 , a surface that is free of silicone oils  27  or other oil-bearing substances is guaranteed. Thus, no silicone oil  27  can adhere to one of the printing units  6  through  9  via the conveyor belt  5 . The toner transfer and the exposure of the imaging cylinders  11  will not be impaired by silicone oil  27 , the quality of the produced print image will be improved, and the waste paper will be reduced.