Abstract:
A method for at least slowing a vehicle moving along a surface, the method comprising: providing first and second panels rotatably disposed on the surface and capable of extending above the surface, wherein each of the first and second panels rotate in a different and opposite direction; providing at least one center panel disposed between the first and second panels, the center panel being capable of being deployed into a position extended from the surface; detecting at least one of a vehicle speed, vehicle type, and vehicle weight; and controlling one or more of the first, second, and center panels based on the detecting.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application is related to co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/372,496 entitled “Roadway For Decelerating and Accelerating a Vehicle Including an Aircraft.” filed on Feb. 24, 2003, the contents of which are incorporated herein in its entirety by this reference. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    1. Field of the Invention 
         [0003]    The present invention relates generally to vehicle barriers and speed bumps, and more particularly, to an adaptive security and protective barrier and traffic control speed bumps. 
         [0004]    2. Prior Art 
         [0005]    Concrete blocks of various designs have long been used as security barriers to barricade sensitive areas and buildings or to provide the means to slow down and control traffic for inspection and/or identification checking or other similar security reasons. Such barriers are also used on a segment of a road to form a maze to force vehicles to slow down; to provide the means to prevent vehicles from passing a checkpoint at high speed; and to make it easier for the security personnel to intercept those who refuse to stop for inspection. 
         [0006]    The concrete and water filled plastic barriers rely on their weight to generate enough friction force to slow down and eventually stop even a heavily loaded truck. The barriers are also large enough so that in case that the wheels go over them, the bottom surfaces (chassis or other components) of the vehicle would land over the barriers, making it impossible for the vehicle to proceed any further. 
         [0007]    Concrete barriers used for traffic control at checkpoints, however, can only be used to slow down the traffic by forming a maze but not to completely close the roadway. This is obviously the case since the concrete barriers are very heavy and can only be moved by cranes. As a result, such security barriers must still allow passage of vehicles, but at lower speeds, and the security personnel must rely on their own speed and firepower to disable the vehicle or its driver, or to drive one of their own vehicles to a position to block the barrier&#39;s outlet. Thus, concrete barriers do not provide effective means to control the traffic at checkpoints. Such security barriers are also not safe for the security personnel, relies on their very rapid reaction and proper use of firepower to disable the car or its driver or block its passage by another vehicle. Other shortcomings of such checkpoints include the requirement of a considerable number of security personnel to operate the checkpoint; that the security personnel have to get close to the vehicle for its inspection without the opportunity of utilizing (at least initially) a remotely operated visual inspection tool; and the barriers cannot be used to trap a suspect vehicle for further action. Concrete barriers are also very unsightly and require a considerable amount of time to remove from the site and transport to a storage site. 
         [0008]    As barriers to barricade sensitive areas and buildings, concrete blocks are very unsightly; require a considerable amount of time to be transported from storage sites, and require cranes to place them at the desired locations and to remove them once the threat level has been reduced. In addition, access to the building or the area to be protected cannot be completely blocked by concrete barriers since materials and equipment may have to be at times delivered to the barricaded buildings or other vehicles may have to have access to the barricaded buildings. 
         [0009]    Speed bumps are also known in the art. Generally, speed bumps are formed with the roadway or placed on top of the roadway to regulate the speed of vehicles crossing over them. The speedbumps are generally low enough for vehicles to safely cross yet high enough to force a vehicle to slow down while crossing. However, different types of vehicles have different thresholds for crossing speedbumps. For example a sports car that is low to the ground can tolerate a much lower speedbump than a utility vehicle or truck can. Also, the height of a speedbump may be sufficient for an intended purpose, such as regulating a speed in front of a school during school hours. However, when such intended purpose changes, such as in front of the school when school is not in session (e.g., at night and on the weekends), the speedbumps continue to regulate the speed for the originally intended purpose. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0010]    A need therefore exists for novel security and protective barrier technologies that address the aforementioned shortcomings of the currently available roadway barriers, such as those barriers employing a concrete block design. The barriers disclosed herein have many applications, such as highly effective security barriers for checkpoints that could be operated safely by significantly fewer personnel and that could also be used as barriers for barricading buildings and other sensitive areas. The barriers disclosed herein also utilize existing and mass-produced off-the shelf components. They can be constructed as passive barriers or readily be equipped with simple and readily available sensory inputs to convert them to sophisticated security and protective barriers. The barriers disclosed herein may also be retracted to be hidden from sight in a fraction of a second and may also be deployed in a fraction of a second from a remote location. The barriers disclosed herein can have a higher initial cost to install. However, the reduction in the cost of operating security checkpoints and barricades in terms of the significant reduction in the number of security personnel and the cost of transporting the barriers back and forth to the storage can quickly recover the extra cost as compared to barriers of the prior art, such as concrete barriers. In addition, the barriers disclosed herein have a significant commercial market not only in the areas of security and protective barriers, but also in the area of speed control, such as for “smart speed bumps” that allow a smooth drive for vehicles that are driving at speeds below the area limits and can deploy to regulate the speed of vehicles traveling above the area limits. 
         [0011]    Thus, the barriers disclosed herein can be part of a novel family of technologies with immediate homeland security applications in at least the following areas: 
         [0012]    1. Deployable vehicular security barriers. 
         [0013]    2. Deployable high-speed car (truck) bomb stopping and entrapping protective barriers. 
         [0014]    3. Traffic speed control barriers. 
         [0015]    Accordingly, a system for at least slowing a moving vehicle traveling along a surface is provided. The system comprising: one or more panels movably disposed on the surface between a first position substantially flush with the surface and a second position deployed from the surface; and one or more spring units for biasing each of the one or more panels into the second position. 
         [0016]    The system can further comprise one or more damper units for damping a movement of the one or more panels between the first and second positions. In which case, the system can further comprise: a sensor for detecting at least one of a speed and weight of the moving vehicle; and a controller operatively connected to both the sensor and the one or more spring and damper units for controlling the one or more spring and damper units to move the one or more panels between the first and second positions based on the detected weight and/or speed of the moving vehicle. 
         [0017]    The system can further comprise: a sensor for detecting at least one of a speed and weight of the moving vehicle; and a controller operatively connected to both the sensor and the one or more spring units for controlling the one or more spring units to move the one or more panels between the first and second positions based on the detected weight and/or speed of the moving vehicle. 
         [0018]    The one or more panels can comprise two or more panels, each of which is rotatable in a same direction. 
         [0019]    The one or more panels can comprise two panels, each of which is rotatable in a different and opposite direction. In which case, the system can further comprise one or more center panels disposed between the two panels, the center panel having a top surface substantially parallel with the surface, the center panel having one or more spring units for moving the top surface between the first position and an extended position in which the top surface is extended above the surface. In the second position an end of each of the panels can be substantially at the extended position. 
         [0020]    The surface can be a roadway. 
         [0021]    Also provided is a roadway block comprising: at least first, second, and third surfaces, wherein at least two of the first, second, and third surfaces can be in communication with a roadway surface such that another of the first, second, and third surfaces is used as a barrier to at least slow a vehicle. 
         [0022]    The at least first, second, and third surfaces can comprise first, second, third and fourth surfaces. 
         [0023]    One of the first, second, and third surfaces that can be in communication with the roadway surface can have a longer length than the other of the first, second, and third surfaces that can be in communication with the roadway surface. 
         [0024]    Still further provided is a roadway barrier for at least slowing a moving vehicle along a surface. The roadway barrier comprising: at least one first block having an inclined surface with respect to the roadway and at least a second surface substantially perpendicular with respect to the surface; wherein in a first configuration, the first block is positioned such that the second surface is in contact with the surface and the inclined surface is positioned for movement of the vehicle over the inclined surface; and wherein in a second configuration, the first block is positioned such that the second surface is positioned to be substantially perpendicular to the surface and to a direction of travel of the vehicle. 
         [0025]    The at least one first block can comprise two first blocks each of which is placed in the first configuration with the inclined surface of one of the first blocks opposing the inclined surface of the other of the first blocks so as to form a speedbump. In which case, the roadway barrier can further comprise a center block disposed between the two first blocks, the center block having a top surface which is above the surface at substantially the same height as an extreme portion of the inclined surfaces for each of the two first blocks. 
         [0026]    Still yet further provided is a method for at least slowing a vehicle moving along a surface. The method comprising: providing one or more panels capable of extending above the surface; and deploying the one or more panels from the surface into a position extended from the surface. 
         [0027]    The method can further comprise lifting at least a portion of the vehicle above the surface with the one or more panels. The lifting can comprise lifting the entire vehicle above the surface. 
         [0028]    The method can further comprise: detecting at least one of a vehicle speed, vehicle type, and vehicle weight; and controlling the one or more panels based on the detecting. 
         [0029]    The one or more panels can comprise two or more panels rotatably disposed on the surface, wherein each of the one or more panels rotate in a same direction. 
         [0030]    The one or more panels can comprise two or more panels rotatably disposed on the surface, wherein each of the two or more panels rotate in a same direction. 
         [0031]    The one or more panels can comprise first and second panels rotatably disposed on the surface, wherein each of the first and second panels rotate in a different and opposite direction. In which case, the method can further comprise providing at least one center panel disposed between the first and second panels, the second panel being capable of being deployed into a position extended from the surface. The method can further comprise: detecting at least one of a vehicle speed, vehicle type, and vehicle weight; and controlling the first, second, and center panels based on the detecting. The controlling can control the first, second, and center panels to act to regulate a speed of the vehicle. The controlling can also control the first, second, and center panels to act as a security barrier against the barrier. 
         [0032]    Still further provided is a system for at least slowing a moving vehicle traveling along a surface. The system comprising: one or more panels movably disposed on the surface between a first position substantially flush with the surface and a second position deployed from the surface; means for moving each of the one or more panels into the second position. 
         [0033]    Still yet further provided is a modular set of blocks for restricting a movement of a vehicle along a surface, the modular set of blocks comprising: one or more inclined blocks, each having two perpendicular sides connected by an inclined side. 
         [0034]    The modular set of blocks can further comprise one or more additional blocks, wherein the one or more additional blocks having three or more sides, at least one of the sides having a dimension substantially equal to a dimension of at least one of the two perpendicular sides and inclined side. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
         [0035]    These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the apparatus and methods of the present invention will become better understood with regard to the following description, appended claims, and accompanying drawings where: 
           [0036]      FIG. 1  illustrates an embodiment of a speedbump system of the present invention. 
           [0037]      FIG. 2   a  illustrates an embodiment of a security barrier of the present invention in which a vehicle is partially lifted above the ground. 
           [0038]      FIG. 2   b  illustrates an embodiment of a security barrier of the present invention in which a vehicle is totally lifted above the ground. 
           [0039]      FIG. 3   a  illustrates an embodiment of an adjustable, multi-direction, and multi-purpose speedbump and security barrier. 
           [0040]      FIG. 3   b  illustrates an embodiment of a modular multi-direction, and multi-purpose speedbump and security barrier blocks. 
           [0041]      FIGS. 4   a  and  4   b  illustrate different configurations for the blocks of  FIG. 3   b    
           [0042]      FIGS. 5   a  and  5   b  illustrate yet another embodiment of roadway blocks of the present invention. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
       [0043]    Although this invention is applicable to numerous and various types of surfaces, it has been found particularly useful in the environment of roadways. Therefore, without limiting the applicability of the invention to use on roadways, the invention will be described in such environment. However, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the speedbumps and barriers of the present invention also have utility for use on other surfaces, including natural surfaces, such as grass and dirt. 
         [0044]    A basic operation of an embodiment of a barrier of the present invention is shown in the schematic of  FIG. 1 . In  FIG. 1 , the operation of the security barrier acting as a traffic speed control device (alternatively referred to herein as a “speedbump”) is shown. Two of the major variations to this device for providing “deployable vehicular security barriers” and “deployable high-speed car (truck) bomb stopping barriers” are described below. 
         [0045]    The speedbump includes at least one panel  100 , which is hinged about a hinge or pivot  102  to a structure  104  that is embedded in the roadway  106 . The panel  100  is preferably fabricated from a strong and rigid, but lightweight material such as metal-matrix-composites, otherwise with steel and coated or painted to prevent corrosion. The hinge  102  can be any rotating joint known in the art and is preferably low-profile such that it remains flush with the roadway  106  when the panel  100  is closed. The structure  104  is preferably a housing embedded in the roadway  106  and can be steel or any other strong material that can withstand being buried and can support the panel  100  and the forces of a vehicle passing over it. Although the panel  100 , hinge  102  and structure  106  are shown in cross-section, they are assumed to have a width at least as long as the width of a vehicle  108  traveling along the roadway  106 . The panel(s) may be a single unit along such width or one or more panels may be situated side-by-side along the width. Also, although, the width of the panel(s) should be at least as wide as the vehicle, they can also cover the entire or substantially entire width of the roadway. Furthermore, although one such panel  100  and associated elements is shown in  FIG. 1 , those skilled in the art will appreciate that two or more such panels  100  and associated elements can be disposed in the roadway in the direction of the vehicle&#39;s  108  travel. Each panel, preferably consists of two or more segments that are hinged together, by a regular hinge, a living joint, or a flexural element, so that the motion of the tire over the panel becomes smooth. The panel  100  may be normally open (as shown in  FIG. 1 ) or may be normally flush with the roadway  106  and opened on command. The panel  100  may be provided with a dirt guard, such as a flexible rubber bellows  101  to seal the housing from the outside environment to prevent foreign materials from entering into the housing. 
         [0046]    The panel  100  is held at its open position by spring units  110 . Viscous damper units  112  are used to provide speed dependent forces that would control the panels  100  reaction to the passing vehicle  108 . Although a single spring and damper unit  110 ,  112  is shown, they can be disposed along the width of the panel  100  as necessary. Both the spring and damper  110 ,  112  units are fixed to both the structure  104  and panel  100 , preferably by a rotating joint (not shown). 
         [0047]    The spring and damper parameters of the spring and damper units  110 ,  112  can be selected to allow for smooth passing of vehicles of certain weights with speeds of up to a predetermined level. For speeds below the set limit, as the vehicle&#39;s tire  108   a  roles over the panel  100 , the weight of the vehicle  108  begins to close the panel  100  by compressing the spring unit  110  and displacing the damper unit  112 . If the spring and damper rates are selected properly, the total force generated by the spring and damper units  110 ,  112  in the vertical direction (vertically up from the roadway  106 ) is less than the weight of the vehicle  108  on the passing tire  108   a . As a result, the panel  100  is closed by the tire  108   a  as it rolls over the panel  100 , and no considerable vertical motion (bumping action) will be induced in the tire  108   a . However, as the speed of the passing vehicle  108  is increased, the vertical force generated by the viscous damper unit  112  increases, and beyond certain speed (speedbump speed setting), the total vertical force exerted by the panel  100  on the tire  108   a  becomes greater than the weight of the vehicle  108  on the passing tire  108   a , and the tire  108   a  and the vehicle  108  will experience a vertical motion (speedbump action) and a deceleration. Thus, the speedbump also serves to slow down the vehicle  108  if it is moving too fast over the panel(s)  100 . A similar device for decelerating vehicles is described in co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/372,496, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein in its entirety by its reference. 
         [0048]    In an adaptive version of the speedbump of  FIG. 1 , a sensor  114  is provided in the roadway  106  before the panel(s)  100 . That is, the sensor  114  is positioned in the roadway  106  such that a vehicle  108  approaching the panel(s)  100  will first pass over the sensor  114  before passing over the panel(s)  100 . As the vehicle  108  approaches the panel(s)  100 , the sensor  114  is crossed. The sensor  114  is of a type for determining the speed and/or the weight of the vehicle  108 . Such roadway sensors  114  are well known in the art. The speed and/or weight are fed to a control unit  116  that is operatively connected to the spring and damper units  110 ,  112  and adjusts the damper and/or the spring rates of the spring and damper units  110 ,  112  to achieve the desired performance. The control unit  116  can be embedded in the roadway, disposed above the roadway, or integral with the structure  104 . For example, if the sensor  114  detects a large weight vehicle  108 , the spring and/or damper rates of the spring and damper units  110 ,  112  can be increased. Spring and damper units  110 ,  112  having adjustable spring and damper rates are well known in the art. For example, the damper filled with magnetorestrictive fluid may be used, which upon the application of a magnetic field through a coil, its viscosity, thereby the damping rate of the damper is varied. Also, an example of adjustable rate springs are air springs that work with compressed air, in which their spring rates are varied by varying the air pressure within the air spring. Thus, the speedbump can adapt according to a speed and/or weight of a vehicle entering the panel(s)  100 . If multiple panels  100  are used, they can all be adaptive in that the spring and/or damper rates of their respective spring and damper units  110 ,  112  can be controlled. However, such multiple panels can be controlled together (e.g., all the spring and damper units  110 ,  112  of each panel are controlled the same) or they can be controlled independently (e.g., the spring and damper units of each of the panels  100  are controlled independently). Another mode of adapting the spring and/or damping rates to the speed and weight of the vehicle is by controlling the rate and amount of panel rotation as the tire moves over it by a feedback signal. 
         [0049]    The traffic speed control units discussed with regard to  FIG. 1  are designed for the control of the speed of incoming traffic. The units are designed to work as smart versions of currently used fixed speed bumps. When the speed of an incoming vehicle is below a certain set limit (threshold), the unit allows for a smooth ride across (over) the unit, i.e., it does not act as a speed bump. Otherwise, the unit acts as a speed bump, with increased severity at higher speeds and/or weights. 
         [0050]    The spring and viscous damper rates of the spring and damper units  110 ,  112  are generally set to allow complete closure of the panels  100  under the weight of the passing tire(s)  108   a  when the speed of the vehicle  108  is below the preset limit. Once the tire  108   a  has passed over a panel  100 , the viscous damper  112  ensures that the panel  100  opens relatively slowly. 
         [0051]    The traffic speed control units may be constructed with a wide range of intelligence and adaptive capabilities, including the following: 
         [0052]    1. Completely passive units with preset but adjustable speed limit control; 
         [0053]    2. Units with actively controlled speed limit (closed-loop) control. Speed limit may be set manually or remotely from a central control station or by a sensor network; 
         [0054]    3. Manually deployable and retractable units; 
         [0055]    4. Units that are deployed by a remote signal from a central control station or by a sensor network; 
         [0056]    5. Units that are retracted by a signal received by an authorized vehicle such as police, ambulance or fire department vehicles. 
         [0057]    Units may be equipped with manual and/or remote “bump” height adjustment capability. A height adjustment signal may be generated at a central control station or may be generated automatically by a sensor network controller. 
         [0058]    The panel(s)  100  discussed above can also operate as a security barrier. In such a configuration, the panel(s)  100  are deployed on command by an actuation mechanism. The actuation mechanism is preferably an integral part of the spring or viscous damper units  110 ,  112 . This is accomplished, for example, by using an air or hydraulic spring as the spring unit  110 , or by combining a hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder (not shown) with the viscous damper unit  112 . In addition, to provide a proper security barrier, the panels  100  can be held at steeper (more vertical) angles and are wide enough to cover the entire width of the road or pathway that is being secured. The barriers are intended to replace concrete mazes used to force incoming vehicles to slow down for inspection or identification check or to facilitate interception. The main advantages of the security barriers include: 
         [0059]    a) The security barriers can cover the entire path of travel (e.g., the entire width of the road or pathway), thereby allowing total access control. 
         [0060]    b) The security barriers can be deployed or retracted, allowing them to be placed almost totally out of view when in the retracted position (they could even be buried under a lawn, dirt or other natural surface). 
         [0061]    c) The security barriers can allow for selective activation for various degrees of control, for example in response to level of terrorist threats or for merely redirecting traffic. 
         [0062]    d) The security barriers can be permanently installed and have a better appearance than temporary concrete barriers. 
         [0063]    e) The security barriers can be integrated into a building&#39;s overall security and access control, training and drills system. 
         [0064]    f) The security, barriers can be programmed to achieve specific goals such as “entrapment”, “protecting building”, and/or allow “evacuation”. 
         [0065]    g) The security barriers can be used to force a reduction in the speed of selected or all incoming vehicles. 
         [0066]    h) Security barrier control signals may be generated at a central control station or automatically by sensor network control units. 
         [0067]    i) If struck by a vehicle, the security barriers can be designed to absorb a considerable amount of the kinetic energy of the vehicle without any damage. 
         [0068]    The aforementioned deployable vehicular security barriers can be designed to provide the means to not only stop high-speed car and truck bombs, but also to trap them in a secured area and in a position that if the explosives are detonated, the damage to the surrounding area is minimized. The latter goal is accomplished by ensuring that the vehicle is propped a certain distance above the ground, thereby preventing the full force of an explosion to be directed in one direction. In addition, it is possible to deploy additional barriers around the vehicle to trap the occupants and to minimize the force of explosion. The barriers can be readily designed to handle heavily loaded car or truck bombs moving at very high speeds. 
         [0069]    In this design, the barriers are used to absorb part of the kinetic energy of the vehicle with the viscous dampers (shock absorbers)  112 ; part of the kinetic energy through friction forces between the vehicle chassis and the panels  100 ; and by transferring part of the kinetic energy of the vehicle  108  to potential energy by raising the vehicle  108  over the security barrier panels  100 . In addition, the barriers can be designed to raise the heaviest vehicle  108  high enough to keep its wheels  108   a  off the ground by supporting its weight on the chassis as shown in  FIG. 2   a . In this schematic, only one barrier panel  100  is shown for the sake of clarity. In practice, several barriers can be positioned in parallel along the path of vehicle travel, and a vehicle that refuses to stop will be brought to stop over two or more barrier panels  100  with all its wheels off the ground, as shown in  FIG. 2   b.    
         [0070]    The proposed security and protective barriers will provide a very effective means to safely and with negligible damage to the barrier system to bring a vehicle  108  to a stop, regardless of its weight and speed. The system can readily be made adaptive to the speed and weight of the vehicle for optimal performance by installing simple weight and speed measuring sensors  114  along the path of travel of the vehicle  108 . The measurements can then be used to adjust the various parameters of the security barriers, e.g., the spring and viscous damping rates of the spring and damper units  110 ,  112  and the height of the panel(s)  100 . In addition, additional preloaded spring units  110  may be released to provide additional weight support. In such designs, a portion of the preloaded spring units  110  are initially disengaged from the panels  100  and are subsequently released to provide the required support for the weight of the vehicle  108 . The preloaded spring release mechanism and the number of released preloaded spring units may, for example, be determined automatically by the weight of the vehicle as measured by the system sensor  114 . Similarly, brake elements may also be added. 
         [0071]    The above speed control bumps and traffic control barriers are preferably built into the roads and pathways where they are to be deployed. As such they are not portable. To be portable, they must also be relatively lightweight. Such portable units may be constructed and installed into one or more covered compartments and built in the desired locations when needed. 
         [0072]    Referring now to  FIG. 3   a , there is shown a multi-directional and multi-purpose speedbump and security barrier, generally referred to by reference numeral  200  in which like reference numerals refer to like features. In the system  200  of  FIG. 3   a , there is provided two panels  100 , each being hinged  102  to a structure  104  embedded in the roadway and each having associated spring and damper units  110 ,  112 . In the system  200  of  FIG. 3   a , the panels  100  face each other so as to be capable of slowing and/or stopping vehicles from either direction (A and B). The spring and damper units  110 ,  112  for each panel  100  is also operatively connected to a roadway sensor  114  and control unit  116  as discussed above. Thus, the opposing panels  100  may be controlled as discussed above to act as either a speedbump, security barrier, or may be utilized to lift a vehicle at least partially off the ground. As a speedbump, both panels  100  may be used together to provide a smoother transition from and back to the roadway for the tires crossing over the panels. Furthermore, the right panel  100  can be used as a security barrier for vehicles traveling in the A direction and the left panel  100  can be used as a security barrier for vehicles traveling in the B direction. If the right sensor  114  detects a vehicle coming from the B direction, the left panel  100  may be deployed to act as a security barrier against the vehicle. Similarly, if the left sensor  114  detects a vehicle traveling in the A direction towards the system, the right panel  100  may be deployed to act as a security barrier against the vehicle. The panels  100  can be deployed solely by a signal from the sensors  114 , or the sensor may indicate a warning to personnel, who then would make the decision to deploy the panel(s)  100 . Other artificial logic can also be employed in the decision to deploy the panels  100 , such as computer vision to detect the type of vehicle. 
         [0073]    Additionally, one or more center panels  202  can be provided between the panels  100 . The center panel(s)  202  are also controlled with spring and damper units  110 ,  112  preferably under the control of the control unit  116  and sensors  114 . The center panel  202  preferably has a substantially flat upper surface  204  that translates parallel to the roadway  106 . The center panel  200  can be used in combination with the other two panels  100  when the system acts as a speedbump to provide smoother transition to and from the roadway  106 . The center panel  200  can also be used by itself or in combination with one of the panels  100  when the system acts as a security barrier. The center panel  200  can float above the roadway under the support of the spring and damper units  110 ,  112 , or one or more linkages or mechanisms can be employed for maintaining a parallel relationship with the top surface  204  and the roadway  106 . Such mechanisms are well known in the art. Rubber or other flexible materials (not shown) can be disposed between the panels  100  or between the panels and the center panel  200  to prevent debris and water from entering the system. 
         [0074]    Referring now to  FIG. 3   b , the system of  FIG. 3   a  can also be configured as three modular units, one up ramp  206 , one down ramp  208  and one middle unit  210 . The ramps  206 ,  208  and the middle unit  210  can be constructed with plates and other structural materials to be relatively lightweight and can be attached in the field to form an entire unit. Obviously a unit may be assembled with more than one middle unit  210  or with one or no ramp units. The height of the ramp units  206 ,  208  and the middle unit  210  can be fixed or may be provided with a height adjustment mechanism. The unit  250  may be rigid to act as a regular speed control bump or act together as an adaptive speed control unit. Preferably, the blocks  206 ,  208 ,  210  has or more sides having a dimension substantially equal to a dimension of at least one of the sides of one or both of the other blocks so that they can be used together as a unit. 
         [0075]    The back  206   a ,  208   a  of the ramps  206 ,  208  or the side plates  206   b ,  208   b  of the ramps  206 ,  208  or the middle units  210  may be placed on either of their sides as shown in  FIGS. 4   a  and  4   b , respectively, to transform them into traffic control units similar to those described above. The sides  206   a ,  206   b ,  208   a ,  208   b ,  2010   a ,  210   b  can be the same length or one can have a larger length than the other to provide different height barriers depending on the side which is placed on the roadway, as is shown in  FIGS. 4   a  and  4   b . The basic operation of the resulting traffic barriers is similar to the one-piece lightweight barriers that are described below but would not be deployable from and to the roadway  106 . 
         [0076]    The schematics of typical one-piece design that can be used for traffic control barrier and/or car/truck stopper are shown in  FIGS. 5   a  and  5   b . The idea here is to use the weight of the vehicle  108  to increase the friction force between the block  214  and the ground. In these designs, the tire(s)  108   a  first move over a level portion  212  of the unit as shown in  FIGS. 5   a  and  5   b , before the bumper or the wheel itself hit the block  214 . As a result, the weight on the tire provides the friction force against which the vehicle has to exert force in order to move the block  214 . By providing high-friction materials under the unit, the friction force can be increased further. This design may be combined with that shown in  FIG. 2   a  to allow the wheel to go over the bump and be suspended as the bump keeps the chassis of the vehicle up enough to prevent the wheel(s) to reach the ground. By providing enough number of such units along the path of vehicle travel, the vehicle can be readily brought to a stop. As shown in  FIGS. 5   a  and  5   b , the block  212  can be oriented to provide an arresting bump version and a security barrier version, respectively. 
         [0077]    While there has been shown and described what is considered to be preferred embodiments of the invention, it will, of course, be understood that various modifications and changes in form or detail could readily be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. It is therefore intended that the invention be not limited to the exact forms described and illustrated, but should be constructed to cover all modifications that may fall within the scope of the appended claims.