Abstract:
A thermoelectric display including an array of thermoelectric devices is used to provide output to a user in the form of thermal feedback. The thermal feedback may be used to provide navigation cues to the user to enable eyes-free navigation. The thermal feedback may be used to provide target acquisition cues to enable the user to accurately target a contact point on a touchscreen. The thermal feedback may be used to convey an emotive aspect of a message to the user. The thermal feedback may be used to identify to the user a caller associated with an incoming call. The thermoelectric display may be, alternatively or additionally, used to provide input to another device, such as a mobile device to which the thermoelectric display is operatively coupled.

Description:
BACKGROUND 
       [0001]    A sensory system is responsible for processing sensory information. A sensory system typically consists of sensory receptors, neural pathways, and regions of the brain involved in sensory perception. The five commonly recognized sensory systems are the vision system, the auditory (“hearing”) system, the somatic (“touch”) system, the taste system, and the olfaction (“smell”) system. 
         [0002]    User interfaces allow an individual to control or otherwise interact with computers, smartphones, tablets, and other electronic devices. User interfaces leverage human sensory systems to convey information to an individual. User interfaces convey information to individuals in a variety of types, the most common of which include audio feedback, visual feedback, and vibrotactile feedback. Many user interfaces combine multiple forms of feedback. 
         [0003]    While audio, visual, and vibrotactile feedback are useful in many situations, each of these feedback types may be too conspicuous for certain situations. Audio feedback is the most conspicuous and is likely to be the first feedback type to be turned off if the user does not want others within his or her vicinity to be aware of an event, such as an incoming call or message, occurring on their device. Visual feedback, although more discrete than audio feedback, may be viewed by others on purpose or inadvertently. Vibrotactile feedback, although also more discrete than audio feedback, may be itself contributory to the production of sound. Thus, none of today&#39;s available feedback types can be considered truly inconspicuous. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0004]    Concepts and technologies are described herein for device feedback and input via heating and cooling. In accordance with some of the concepts and technologies disclosed herein, a thermoelectric display including an array of thermoelectric devices is used to provide output to a user in the form of thermal feedback. The thermal feedback may be used to provide navigation cues to the user to enable eyes-free navigation. The thermal feedback may be used to provide target acquisition cues to enable the user to accurately target a contact point on a touchscreen. The thermal feedback may be used to convey an emotive aspect of a message to the user. The thermal feedback may be used to identify to the user a caller associated with an incoming call. The thermoelectric display may be, alternatively or additionally, used to provide input to another device, such as a mobile device to which the thermoelectric display is operatively coupled. 
         [0005]    According to one aspect disclosed herein, a thermoelectric display includes an array of thermoelectric devices, each of which is configured to undergo a temperature change in response to an electric current being induced therein, and to utilize the temperature change as an input to a device. 
         [0006]    According to another aspect disclosed herein, a method for conveying information to a user via thermal feedback includes, in response to an event, receiving, at a thermoelectric display including an array of thermoelectric devices, instructions to change a temperature of a thermoelectric device of the array of thermoelectric devices to convey information associated with the event to a user, and, in response to receiving the instructions, changing the temperature of the thermoelectric device of the array of thermoelectric devices thereby providing thermal feedback to the user, the thermal feedback being indicative of the information associated with the event. 
         [0007]    According to yet another aspect disclosed herein, a mobile device includes a thermoelectric display, which includes an array of thermoelectric devices, each of which is configured to undergo a temperature change in response to an electric current being applied thereto. The mobile device further includes a processor in communication with the thermoelectric display, and a memory in communication with the processor. The memory includes instructions which, when executed by the processor, cause an electric current to be applied to a thermoelectric device of the array of thermoelectric devices, thereby causing the thermoelectric device to undergo a temperature change and, as a result, provide thermal feedback to a user. 
         [0008]    It should be appreciated that the above-described subject matter may be implemented as a computer-controlled apparatus, a computer process, a computing system, or as an article of manufacture such as a computer-readable storage medium. These and various other features will be apparent from a reading of the following Detailed Description and a review of the associated drawings. 
         [0009]    This Summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the Detailed Description. This Summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended that this Summary be used to limit the scope of the claimed subject matter. Furthermore, the claimed subject matter is not limited to implementations that solve any or all disadvantages noted in any part of this disclosure. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0010]      FIG. 1  is a diagram illustrating aspect of a thermoelectric display, according to an illustrative embodiment. 
           [0011]      FIG. 2  is a diagram illustrating aspects of a thermoelectric display being applied to a surface of a device or object, according to an illustrative embodiment. 
           [0012]      FIG. 3  is a user interface diagram illustrating aspects of a thermoelectric display for use as an input device, according to an illustrative embodiment. 
           [0013]      FIG. 4  is a flow diagram illustrating aspects of a method for using a thermoelectric display as an input device to determine a location of a device to which the thermoelectric display  100  is operatively coupled, according to an illustrative embodiment. 
           [0014]      FIG. 5  is a flow diagram illustrating aspects of a method for using a thermoelectric display as an output device for a purpose of providing navigation instructions to a user, according to an illustrative embodiment. 
           [0015]      FIG. 6  is a diagram illustrating a user&#39;s hand undergoing a simulated rightward motion via thermal feedback provided by a thermoelectric display, according to an illustrative embodiment. 
           [0016]      FIG. 7  is a flow diagram illustrating aspects of a method for generating and sending a thermal message, according to an illustrative embodiment. 
           [0017]      FIG. 8  is a flow diagram illustrating aspects of a method for receiving a thermal message and presenting the thermal message to a user via a thermoelectric display, according to an illustrative embodiment. 
           [0018]      FIG. 9  is a flow diagram illustrating aspects of a method for receiving an incoming call and providing a thermal identification for the call, according to an illustrative embodiment. 
           [0019]      FIG. 10  is a mobile device architecture diagram illustrating an illustrative mobile device hardware and software architecture for a mobile device capable of implementing aspects of the embodiments disclosed herein. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0020]    While the subject matter described herein may be presented, at times, in the general context of program modules that execute in conjunction with the execution of an operating system and application programs on a computer system, those skilled in the art will recognize that other implementations may be performed in combination with other types of program modules. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, components, data structures, and other types of structures that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. Moreover, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the subject matter described herein may be practiced with other computer system configurations, including hand-held devices, mobile devices, wireless devices, multiprocessor systems, microprocessor-based or programmable consumer electronics, minicomputers, mainframe computers, routers, switches, and the like. 
         [0021]    In the following detailed description, references are made to the accompanying drawings that form a part hereof, and in which are shown by way of illustration specific embodiments or examples. Referring now to the drawings, in which like numerals represent like elements throughout the several figures, aspects of a computing system, computer-readable storage medium, and computer-implemented methodology for providing device feedback and input via heating and cooling will be presented. 
         [0022]    Referring now to  FIG. 1 , aspects of a thermoelectric display  100  will be described, according to an illustrative embodiment. In some embodiments, the thermoelectric display  100  is configured to operate as an output mechanism for conveying information to a user via thermal feedback, as will be described in greater detail herein. In some embodiments, the thermoelectric display  100  is configured to operate as an input mechanism for receiving input from a user. In some embodiments, the thermoelectric display  100  is used to determine a location of a device to which the thermoelectric display  100  is operatively coupled, as also will be described in greater detail herein. 
         [0023]    It should be understood that although the term display is used herein to describe the thermoelectric display  100 , the term display in this context refers to the ability of the thermoelectric display  100  to present information to a user utilizing thermal feedback. Moreover, although the thermoelectric display  100  may reveal an image provided by radiation in the infrared range of the electromagnetic spectrum emitted by the thermoelectric display  100  when viewed utilizing a thermal imaging device such as a thermal camera, the thermoelectric display  100  is primarily configured to convey information to a user through a user touching the thermoelectric display  100 . Other references herein to the term display may refer to a device configured to convey information to a user in a visual manner. 
         [0024]    The illustrated thermoelectric display  100  includes an array of thermoelectric devices  102 . In some embodiments, the thermoelectric devices  102  are solid-state devices. In some embodiments, the thermoelectric devices  102  are Peltier devices, which are solid-state active heat pumps configured to transfer heat from one side of the device to the other side against the temperature gradient (i.e., from cold to hot) with the consumption of electrical energy. In these embodiments, when direct current flows through one or more of the thermoelectric devices  102 , heat is moved from one side of the one or more of the thermoelectric devices  102  to the other thereby causing the thermoelectric display  100  or a portion thereof to be heated or cooled. In some embodiments, the heated and/or cooled portions of the thermoelectric display  100  are used separately or together to convey information to a user when the user touches the thermoelectric display  100 . In some embodiments, the heated and/or cooled portions of the thermoelectric display  100  are heated and/or cooled at one or more frequencies such that the user experiences various heating and/or cooling sensations, which may be used to convey different types of information to the user. 
         [0025]    Heating and/or cooling of one or more portions of the thermoelectric display  100  is represented in the illustrated embodiment as a thermal image  104 . The thermal image  104  is used to convey information to a user through thermal feedback when the user touches the thermoelectric display  100 . In the illustrated embodiment, a voltage has been applied to some of the thermoelectric devices  102  resulting in the thermal image  104  being presented on the thermoelectric display  100 . When a user touches the thermoelectric display  100 , the user will sense the thermal image  104  through their somatic sensory system. It is contemplated that the user may need to be trained to associate a particular thermal image with information that is meant to be conveyed. Some thermal images, such as the indication of a direction as will be described in greater detail herein below, may be readily apparent without the need for additional training. 
         [0026]    The illustrated thermal image  104  consists of three portions  106 A,  106 B,  106 C, each of which resembles an arrow and includes a portion of the thermoelectric devices  102  that have been heated to a different temperature. This variation in temperature is illustrated from light gray, to gray, and then to black, with the light gray indicating the lowest temperature and the black indicating the highest temperature. The illustrated thermal image  104  may be indicative of a direction to be conveyed to a user through the arrow shape of the thermal image  104  and the increasing temperature in the direction of the arrow head. 
         [0027]    It should be understood that a thermal image may employ one or more of the thermoelectric devices  102 , each of which may be set to operate at a static temperature or may vary in temperature to create the thermal image or a portion thereof. It also should be understood that a thermal image may be any shape and may be any size within the physical dimensions of the particular thermoelectric display upon which it is displayed. 
         [0028]    In some embodiments, the thermoelectric display  100  is configured to be applied to a surface of another device or a component thereof such as, but not limited to, a visual display device, a touchscreen device, a mobile device, a computer, a tablet device, a gaming system, or a peripheral device. In some embodiments, the thermoelectric display  100  is configured to be applied to a surface of an object such as, but not limited to, a steering wheel, a table, a desk, a chair, or an appliance. 
         [0029]    Turning briefly to  FIG. 2 , the thermoelectric display  100  is illustrated as being applied to a surface  200 A of a device  202 . In the illustrated embodiment, the thermoelectric display  100  is appropriately proportioned to cover the surface  200 A, wherein the surface  200 A is planar. In some embodiments, the thermoelectric display  100  is appropriately proportioned to cover multiple planar surfaces, such as the surfaces  200 A,  200 B,  200 C and/or others (not shown). In some embodiments, the thermoelectric display  100  is appropriately proportioned to cover a non-planar surface. 
         [0030]    The thermoelectric display  100 , in some embodiments, is built-in to a case that is configured to enclose the device  202 . In these embodiments, a connector may be provided within the case to operatively couple the thermoelectric display  100  to the device  202  for power and/or data transmission. In some embodiments, the thermoelectric display  100  is self-powered. In some embodiments, the case is configured to provide power to the thermoelectric display  100 . 
         [0031]    In some embodiments, the thermoelectric display  100  is built-in to the device  202 . In these embodiments, the thermoelectric display  100  may be built-in to an external surface of the device  202 , such as one or more of the surfaces  200 A,  200 B,  200 C and/or others. Alternatively or additionally, in these embodiments, the thermoelectric display  100  may be built-in to a visual display portion of the device  202 . The visual display portion, in some embodiments, includes a protective layer, a touchscreen layer, and a display layer. The thermoelectric display  100  may be positioned above, beneath, or between any of these layers. 
         [0032]    Turning now to  FIG. 3 , a user interface  300  is shown as being displayed on a display of a device, such as a smartphone, a tablet, or other mobile computing device. The thermoelectric display  100  including the plurality of thermoelectric devices  102  is also shown. It should be understood that the thermoelectric display  100  is shown in  FIG. 3  for purposes of illustration and explanation and, in practice, may be configured such that it is not viewable to a user. For example, the thermoelectric display  100  may be positioned beneath a protective layer, a display layer, and a touchscreen layer of a device. 
         [0033]    In the illustrated embodiment, a user has positioned a finger  302  over a portion  304  of the thermoelectric display  100 . Heat generated by the user&#39;s body and, particularly, the user&#39;s finger  302  induces a current in some of the thermoelectric devices  102  included in the touched portion  304 . In some embodiments, this input is used to interact with the device in lieu of other input, such as input via a touchscreen, keypad, or button. In some embodiments, this input is used in addition to other inputs. In some embodiments, the thermoelectric display  100  is configured to detect any touch and, in response, send a signal to the device to wake up the device from a sleep, idle, or other state. 
         [0034]    Turning now to  FIG. 4 , a flow diagram illustrating a method  400  for using the thermoelectric display  100  as an input device to determine a location of a device to which the thermoelectric display  100  is operatively coupled will be described, according to an illustrative embodiment. The method  400  is described in context of the thermoelectric display  100  being operatively coupled to another device. For ease of explanation and not limitation, the method  400  will be described in context of the thermoelectric display  100  being operatively coupled to a mobile device such as, but not limited to, a smartphone or other cellular telephone, a tablet, or other mobile computing device. 
         [0035]    It should be understood that the operations of the methods disclosed herein are not necessarily presented in any particular order and that performance of some or all of the operations in an alternative order(s) is possible and is contemplated. The operations have been presented in the demonstrated order for ease of description and illustration. Operations may be added, omitted, and/or performed simultaneously, without departing from the scope of the appended claims. 
         [0036]    It also should be understood that the illustrated methods can be ended at any time and need not be performed in its entirety. Some or all operations of the methods, and/or substantially equivalent operations, can be performed by execution of computer-readable instructions included on a computer-storage media, as defined below. The term “computer-readable instructions,” and variants thereof, as used in the description and claims, is used expansively herein to include routines, applications, application modules, program modules, programs, components, data structures, algorithms, and the like. Computer-readable instructions can be implemented on various system configurations, including single-processor or multiprocessor systems, minicomputers, mainframe computers, personal computers, hand-held computing devices, microprocessor-based, programmable consumer electronics, combinations thereof, and the like. 
         [0037]    Thus, it should be appreciated that the logical operations described herein are implemented (1) as a sequence of computer implemented acts or program modules running on a computing system and/or (2) as interconnected machine logic circuits or circuit modules within the computing system. The implementation is a matter of choice dependent on the performance and other requirements of the computing system. Accordingly, the logical operations described herein are referred to variously as states, operations, structural devices, acts, or modules. These operations, structural devices, acts, and modules may be implemented in software, in firmware, in special purpose digital logic, and any combination thereof. 
         [0038]    The method  400  begins and proceeds to operation  402 , wherein the mobile device detects a configuration of the thermoelectric display  100 . The configuration of the thermoelectric display  100  includes the location of one or more of the plurality of thermoelectric devices  102 . In some embodiments, the configuration is reconfigurable such that one or more of the thermoelectric devices  102  are deactivated. In some embodiments, the configuration of the thermoelectric display  100  is reconfigurable via software stored within a computer-readable memory of the mobile device and executed by a processor of the mobile device. In some embodiments, the configuration of the thermoelectric display  100  is static or non-configurable. In some embodiments, operation  402  is configured to be performed once such as during a setup process. This may be the case for embodiments in which the thermoelectric display  100  is non-configurable. Alternatively, in some embodiments, operation  402  is performed each time the method  400  is executed. 
         [0039]    From operation  402 , the method  400  proceeds to operation  404 , wherein the mobile device acquires a temperature reading from the thermoelectric display  100 . The temperature reading may be for one or more of the thermoelectric devices  102 . From operation  404 , the method  400  proceeds to operation  406 , wherein the temperature reading is compared to an existing temperature classifier that is stored in a database. The database may be stored locally on the mobile device and/or may be stored in a network database with which the mobile device is configured to communicate. 
         [0040]    In some embodiments, one or more temperature classifiers are determined and stored in the database during a setup procedure. In some embodiments, a user is prompted to position the mobile device in various locations on the user&#39;s body or within or attached to an article of clothing or an accessory. Illustrative locations include, but are not limited to, in hand, in between hands, in between a cheek and a shoulder, in between any two body parts of the user, in a pocket, in a pouch, or in any other location within an article of clothing or an accessory, such as a wallet, purse, bag, or a backpack. In these embodiments, heat generated by the environment in a given location and/or heat generated by the user&#39;s body induces a current within at least a portion of the thermoelectric devices  102  of the thermoelectric display  100 . The resulting heat map is considered a classifier for a given location. For example, a classifier derived from placing the mobile device within a user&#39;s backpack will be different than a classifier derived from the user&#39;s holding the mobile device in hand. The classifier is associated with one or more locations within the database such that the comparison at operation  406  yields a likely location of the thermoelectric display  100  and, accordingly, also the mobile device. 
         [0041]    In some embodiments, the determination of the most likely location of the mobile device is supplemented with output from one or more sensors included in the mobile device. These sensors may include, but are not limited to, an accelerometer, a global positioning system (“GPS”) sensor, and a magnetometer sensor. 
         [0042]    From operation  406 , the method  400  proceeds to operation  408 , wherein the mobile device outputs its most likely location. In some embodiments, the output in operation  408  is sent to an application executing on the mobile device. The application may be, but is not limited to, a telephone application, a messaging application, a social networking application, a game application, a productivity application, an email application, or another application executing on the mobile device that is, for one reason or another, configured to utilize a location of the mobile device to perform one or more functions. 
         [0043]    An application may use the output to determine what kind of feedback to provide to a user. For example, if the output indicates that the location of the mobile device is the user&#39;s hand, the notification may be in the form of thermal feedback through the thermoelectric display  100 . Alternatively, for example, if the output indicates that the location of the mobile device is in the user&#39;s backpack, where the user could not be notified via visual or thermal feedback, the notification may be in the form of audio feedback, such as a ringtone or other sound. 
         [0044]    From operation  408 , the method  400  proceeds to operation  410 . The method  400  ends at operation  410 . 
         [0045]    Turning now to  FIG. 5 , a flow diagram illustrating a method  500  for using the thermoelectric display  100  as an output device for a purpose of providing navigation instructions to a user will be described, according to an illustrative embodiment. The method  500  is described in context of the thermoelectric display  100  being operatively coupled to another device. For ease of explanation and not limitation, the method  500  will be described in context of the thermoelectric display  100  being operatively coupled to a mobile device such as, but not limited to, a smartphone or other cellular telephone, a tablet, or other mobile computing device. The method  500  will also be described with reference to  FIG. 6 . 
         [0046]    The method  500  begins at operation  502 , wherein the mobile device receives navigation instructions. In some embodiments, the mobile device receives the navigation instructions from a network navigation database that is configured to send navigation instructions to the mobile device via a network such as, but not limited to, a mobile wireless data network or a WI-FI network. In some embodiments, the mobile device receives the navigation instructions from a local navigation database stored on the mobile device. The navigation instructions include a direction component and/or a location component. The direction component may include a compass direction and/or a relative direction. The location component may include a start position, an end position, and one or more intermediate positions, such as at direction changes, street changes, or other events during the navigation from the start position to the end position. 
         [0047]    From operation  502 , the method  500  proceeds to operation  504 , wherein the mobile device detects a configuration of the thermoelectric display  100 . The configuration of the thermoelectric display  100  includes the location of one or more of the plurality of thermoelectric devices  102 . In some embodiments, the configuration is reconfigurable such that one or more of the thermoelectric devices  102  are deactivated. In some embodiments, the configuration of the thermoelectric display  100  is reconfigurable via software stored within a computer-readable memory of the mobile device and executed by a processor of the mobile device. In some embodiments, the configuration of the thermoelectric display  100  is static or non-configurable. In some embodiments, operation  402  is configured to be performed once such as during a setup process, such as a setup process for a navigation application executing on the mobile device. This may be the case for embodiments in which the thermoelectric display  100  is non-configurable. Alternatively, in some embodiments, operation  504  is performed each time the method  500  is executed. 
         [0048]    From operation  504 , the method  500  proceeds to operation  506 , wherein the mobile device calculates an appropriate thermal cue. In some embodiments, the mobile device calculates an appropriate thermal cue based upon a preference setting established in a navigation application executing on the mobile device. In some embodiments, the mobile device calculates an appropriate thermal cue based upon the navigation instructions. 
         [0049]    In some embodiments, the thermal cue includes a thermal image, such as described above with reference to  FIG. 1 . In some embodiments, the thermal cue includes a specific temperature, a variation of temperature over time, a variation of temperature according to one or more frequencies, one or more discrete points made up of one or more of the thermoelectric devices  102 , and/or one or more thermal images each made up of one or more of the thermoelectric devices  102 . In some embodiments, the thermal includes triggering one or more of the thermoelectric devices  102  out of phase at different frequencies. In some embodiments, the thermal cue includes one or more points on the thermoelectric display  100  being configured to pulse according to one or more frequencies and at one or more temperatures. In these embodiments, as a user gets closer to their destination, the temperature of the one or more points gets hotter, and as the user gets further away from their destination, the temperature of the one or more points gets colder. In some embodiments, the thermal cue includes an indication of direction, as will be described herein below with reference to  FIG. 6 . 
         [0050]    From operation  506 , the method  500  proceeds to operation  508 , wherein the mobile device triggers the thermal cue by instructing the thermoelectric display  100  to produce the thermal cue by heating and/or cooling one or more of the thermoelectric devices  102  in accordance with the thermal cue calculated at operation  506 . From operation  508 , the method  500  proceeds to operation  510 . The method  500  ends at operation  510 . 
         [0051]    Turning now to  FIG. 6 , a user&#39;s hand  600  is illustrated with heat or cold being sensed by the user from a first thermal point  602 A, to a second thermal point  602 B, and then to a third thermal point  602 C, thereby simulating a rightward motion via thermal feedback as an illustrative embodiment of a thermal cue. In particular, in a first state  604 , the user&#39;s hand  600  senses a temperature change at the thermal point  602 A, then, in a second state  606 , the user&#39;s hand  600  senses a temperature change at the thermal point  602 B, and then, in a third state  608 , the user&#39;s hand  600  senses a temperature change at the thermal point  602 C. The resulting sensation is used to simulate a rightward motion to the user thereby instructing the user to perform a right-hand turn. The illustrated embodiment is but one use of thermal feedback to indicate a direction to a user, such as in context of providing navigation instructions to the user. Other uses of thermal feedback in this and other contexts are contemplated. 
         [0052]    Turning now to  FIG. 7 , a flow diagram illustrating a method  700  for generating and sending a thermal message to another device will be described, according to an illustrative embodiment. The method  700  is described in context of the thermoelectric display  100  being operatively coupled to another device. For ease of explanation and not limitation, the method  700  will be described in context of the thermoelectric display  100  being operatively coupled to a mobile device such as, but not limited to, a smartphone or other cellular telephone, a tablet, or other mobile computing device. 
         [0053]    A thermal message, in some embodiments, is used in lieu of a text message to convey a message of a similar fashion. In some embodiments, a thermal message is sent in addition to a text message and upon receipt at the destination device, the thermal message and/or the text message is presented to the recipient based upon a setting on the destination device. In some embodiments, a thermal message is a pre-defined message. A pre-defined message may be defined by a user, a manufacturer of the mobile device, a wireless carrier providing wireless telecommunications service to the user, and/or a third party, such as an application provider. In some embodiments, a thermal message is defined by the user on the mobile device on-the-fly. Thermal messages defined in this manner may be saved for future use as a pre-defined message. 
         [0054]    The method  700  begins at operation  702 , wherein the mobile device receives text input. Text input may be received via a software keyboard, input to which is provided via a touchscreen and/or the thermoelectric display  100 . Other inputs such as via a hardware keyboard, gesture inputs, voice inputs, and the like are contemplated. 
         [0055]    From operation  702 , the method  700  proceeds to operation  704 , wherein it is determined if a pre-defined thermal message is to be used. If the mobile device determines, at operation  704 , that a pre-defined thermal message is to be used, the method  700  proceeds to operation  706 , wherein the mobile device receives a selection of a pre-defined mobile device. The selection may be performed by a user or automatically by the mobile device. 
         [0056]    In some embodiments, the determination at operation  704  is based upon a user input indicating a user&#39;s desire to use a pre-defined thermal message and user then selects a pre-defined thermal message at operation  706 . In some embodiments, the text input received at operation  702  is compared to unique text that is associated with each of the available pre-defined thermal messages. In these embodiments, if a match exists between the text input and the unique text of one of the pre-defined thermal messages, it is determined, at operation  704 , to use the matching pre-defined thermal message. In some embodiments, the text input need only match the unique text in context. For example, if the text input is determined to convey happiness, such as by the inclusion of well wishes, happy birthday, or the like, a pre-defined thermal message that is generic to these sentiments may be used. 
         [0057]    From operation  706 , the method  700  then proceeds to operation  708 , wherein the mobile device generates a thermal message and sends the thermal message to a recipient. In some embodiments, the thermal message includes instructions indicating how one or more thermoelectric devices of a thermoelectric display associated with the destination device are to be manipulated to convey the thermal message to the recipient. Such instructions may include, but are not limited to, target temperature(s), target thermoelectric device(s), temperature variation(s), and/or one or more frequencies at which to generate heat or cold at one or more of the thermoelectric devices. 
         [0058]    From operation  708 , the method  700  proceeds to operation  710 . The method  700  ends at operation  710 . 
         [0059]    If the mobile device determines, at operation  704 , that a pre-defined thermal message is not to be used, the method  700  proceeds to operation  712 , wherein the mobile device prompts the user to define a thermal message and receives input from the user to define a thermal message. In some embodiments, a thermal message is defined via a touch user interface through which a user selects all or a portion of a representative thermoelectric display. In these embodiments, the selections are translated into instructions to be provided in a thermal message to a destination device. Other inputs via keyboard, mouse, voice, gesture, and the like are contemplated. 
         [0060]    From operation  712 , the method  700  then proceeds to operation  708 , wherein the mobile device generates a thermal message and sends the thermal message to a recipient. From operation  708 , the method  700  proceeds to operation  710 . The method  700  ends at operation  710 . 
         [0061]    Turning now to  FIG. 8 , a flow diagram illustrating a method  800  for receiving a thermal message will be described, according to an illustrative embodiment. The method  800  is described in context of the thermoelectric display  100  being operatively coupled to another device. For ease of explanation and not limitation, the method  800  will be described in context of the thermoelectric display  100  being operatively coupled to a mobile device such as, but not limited to, a smartphone or other cellular telephone, a tablet, or other mobile computing device. 
         [0062]    The method  800  begins at operation  802 , wherein the mobile device receives a thermal message. From operation  802 , the method  800  proceeds to operation  804 , wherein the thermoelectric display  100  is manipulated according to instructions included in the thermal message. The method  800  then proceeds to operation  806 . The method  800  ends at operation  806 . 
         [0063]    Turning now to  FIG. 9 , a flow diagram illustrating a method  900  for receiving an incoming call will be described, according to an illustrative embodiment. The method  900  is described in context of the thermoelectric display  100  being operatively coupled to another device. For ease of explanation and not limitation, the method  900  will be described in context of the thermoelectric display  100  being operatively coupled to a mobile device such as, but not limited to, a smartphone or other cellular telephone, a tablet, or other mobile computing device. 
         [0064]    The method  900  begins and proceeds to operation  902 , wherein the mobile device receives an incoming call. From operation  902 , the method  900  proceeds to operation  904 , wherein the mobile device performs a lookup of the caller associated with the incoming call in a contacts database. In some embodiments, the contacts database is stored locally on the mobile device. In some embodiments, the contacts database is stored remotely on a network server. In some embodiments, contacts stored locally and remotely are synchronized. 
         [0065]    From operation  904 , the method  900  proceeds to operation  906 , wherein the mobile device determines if a thermal identification is defined for the caller based upon the caller information available in the contacts database. In some embodiments, the thermal identification is a thermal image uniquely associated with a caller. In some embodiments, the thermal identification is a simulated motion, such as described above with respect to  FIG. 6 , uniquely associated with the caller. In some embodiments, the thermal identification is provided in addition to traditional caller identification. In some embodiments, the thermal identification is provided in lieu of traditional caller identification. 
         [0066]    If the mobile device determines, at operation  906 , that a thermal identification is defined for the caller, the method  900  proceeds from operation  906  to operation  908 , wherein the mobile device detects a configuration of the thermoelectric display  100 . The configuration of the thermoelectric display  100  includes the location of one or more of the plurality of thermoelectric devices  102 . In some embodiments, the configuration is reconfigurable such that one or more of the thermoelectric devices  102  are deactivated. In some embodiments, the configuration of the thermoelectric display  100  is reconfigurable via software stored within a computer-readable memory of the mobile device and executed by a processor of the mobile device. In some embodiments, the configuration of the thermoelectric display  100  is static or non-configurable. In some embodiments, operation  908  is configured to be performed once such as during a setup process during which a thermal identification is defined for one or more contacts. This may be the case for embodiments in which the thermoelectric display  100  is non-configurable. Alternatively, in some embodiments, operation  908  is performed each time the method  900  is executed. 
         [0067]    From operation  908 , the method  900  proceeds to operation  910 , wherein the mobile device detects its location. In some embodiments, the mobile device determines its location in accordance with the method  400  described herein above with reference to  FIG. 4 . From operation  910 , the method  900  proceeds to operation  912 , wherein the thermoelectric display is manipulated according to the thermal identification to provide thermal feedback to the user to identify the caller. The method  900  then proceeds to operation  914 . The method  900  ends at operation  914 . 
         [0068]    If the mobile device determines, at operation  906 , that a thermal identification is not defined for the caller, the method  900  proceeds from operation  906  to operation  916 . At operation  916 , the mobile device presents a standard caller alert, such as a ringtone and/or vibration. The method  900  then proceeds to operation  914 , wherein the method  900  ends. 
         [0069]    Turning now to  FIG. 10 , an illustrative mobile device  1000  and components thereof will be described. Although connections are not shown between the components illustrated in  FIG. 10 , the components can interact with each other to carry out device functions. In some embodiments, for example, the components are arranged so as to communicate via one or more busses (not shown). It should be understood that  FIG. 10  and the following description are intended to provide a general understanding of a suitable environment in which various aspects of embodiments can be implemented. The mobile device described herein above may be configured like the mobile device  1000 . It should be understood that the mobile device may include additional functionality or include less functionality than now described. 
         [0070]    As illustrated in  FIG. 10 , the mobile device  1000  includes a display  1002  for visually displaying data including, but not limited to, graphical user interface (“GUI”) elements, text, images, video, virtual keypads and/or keyboards, messaging data, notification messages, metadata, internet content, device status, time, date, calendar data, device preferences, map and location data, and the like. The mobile device  1000  also includes a processor  1004  for processing data and/or executing computer-executable instructions of one or more applications  1006  stored in a memory  1008 . In some embodiments, the applications  1006  include a UI application  1009 . The UI application  1009  interfaces with an operating system (“OS”) application  1010  to facilitate user interaction with device functionality and data. In some embodiments, the OS application  1010  is one of SYMBIAN OS from SYMBIAN LIMITED, WINDOWS MOBILE OS from MICROSOFT CORPORATION, WINDOWS PHONE OS from MICROSOFT CORPORATION, PALM WEBOS from HEWLETT PACKARD CORPORATION, BLACKBERRY OS from RESEARCH IN MOTION LIMITED, IOS from APPLE INC., and ANDROID OS from GOOGLE INC. These operating systems are merely illustrative of the operating systems that may be used in accordance with the embodiments disclosed herein. 
         [0071]    The UI application  1009  aids a user in activating service over-the-air, if applicable, defining thermal messages, defining thermal identifications, entering message content, viewing received messages, answering/initiating calls, entering/deleting data, entering and setting user IDs and passwords for device access, configuring settings, manipulating contacts database content and/or settings, multimode interaction, interacting with other applications  1012 , and otherwise facilitating user interaction with the OS application  1012  and the other applications  1012 . 
         [0072]    In some embodiments, the other applications  1012  include thermal applications configured to perform the various embodiments described herein for using the thermoelectric display  100  as an output device and for using the thermoelectric display  100  as an input device. In some embodiments, the other applications  1012  include, for example, presence applications, visual voicemail applications, messaging applications, text-to-speech and speech-to-text applications, add-ons, plug-ins, email applications, music applications, video applications, camera applications, location-based service applications, navigation applications, power conservation applications, game applications, productivity applications, entertainment applications, enterprise applications, combinations thereof, and the like. The applications  1006  or portions thereof are stored in the memory  1008  and/or in a firmware  1014 , and are executed by the processor  1004 . The firmware  1014  may also store code for execution during device power up and power down operations. In some embodiments, the OS  1010  or a portion thereof, such as a kernel, is stored in the firmware  1014 . 
         [0073]    The mobile device  1000  also includes an input/output (“I/O”) interface  1016  for the input/output of data such as location information, presence status information, user IDs, passwords, application initiation (start-up) requests, and other input/output of data associated with the embodiments disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the I/O interface  1016  is a hardwire connection such as a universal serial bus (“USB”), mini-USB, micro-USB, audio jack, PS2, IEEE 1394, serial, parallel, Ethernet (RJ411) port, RJ11 port, proprietary port, combinations thereof, or the like. In some embodiments, the mobile device  1000  is configured to synchronize with another device (e.g., a computer) to transfer content stored to/from the mobile device  1000 . In some embodiments, the mobile device  1000  is configured to receive updates to one or more of the applications  1006  via the I/O interface  1016 . In some embodiments, the I/O interface  1016  accepts I/O devices such as keyboards, keypads, mice, interface tethers, printers, plotters, external storage, touch/multi-touch screens, touch pads, trackballs, joysticks, microphones, remote control devices, displays, projectors, medical equipment (e.g., stethoscopes, heart monitors, and other health metric monitors), modems, routers, external power sources, docking stations, combinations thereof, and the like. It should be appreciated that the I/O interface  1016  may be used for communications between the mobile device  1000  and a network device or local device instead of, or in addition to, a communications component  1018 . 
         [0074]    The communications component  1018  interfaces with the processor  1004  to facilitate wireless communications with one or more networks. In some embodiments, the one or more networks include networks that utilize a cellular wireless technology. In some embodiments, one or more networks include networks that utilize non-cellular wireless technologies such as WI-FI or WIMAX. In some embodiments, the communications component  1018  includes a multimode communications subsystem for facilitating communications via a cellular network and one or more WI-FI, WIMAX or other non-cellular wireless network. 
         [0075]    The communications component  1018 , in some embodiments, includes one or more transceivers each configured to communicate over the same or a different wireless technology standard. For example, the transceivers of the communications component  1018  may be configured to communicate using Global System for Mobile communications (“GSM”), Code Division Multiple Access (“CMDA”) One (“CDMAONE”), CDMA2000, Long Term Evolution (“LTE”), and various other 2G, 2.5G, 3G, 4G, and greater generation technology standards. Moreover, the communications component  1018  may facilitate communications over various channel access methods (which may or may not be used by the aforementioned standards) including, but not limited to, Time Division Multiple Access (“TDMA”), Frequency Division Multiple Access (“FDMA), Wideband CDMA (“W-CDMA”), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (“OFDM”), Space-Division Multiple Access (“SDMA”), and the like. In addition, the communications component  1018  may facilitate data communications using General Packet Radio Service (“GPRS”), Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (“EDGE”), the High Speed Packet Access (“HSPA”) protocol family including High Speed Downlink Packet Access (“HSDPA”), Enhanced Uplink (“EUL”) or otherwise termed High Speed Uplink Packet Access (“HSUPA”), HSPA+, and various other current and future wireless data access standards. 
         [0076]    In the illustrated embodiment, the communications component  1018  includes a first cellular transceiver  1020  that operates in one mode (e.g., GSM), and an N th  cellular transceiver  1022  operates in a different mode (e.g., UMTS). While only two cellular transceivers  1020 ,  1022  are illustrated, it should be appreciated that more than two transceivers can be included in the communications component  1018 . 
         [0077]    The illustrated communications component  1018  also includes an alternative communications transceiver  1024  for use by other communications technologies including WI-FI, WIMAX, BLUETOOTH, infrared, infrared data association (“IRDA”), near field communications (“NFC”), other RF, combinations thereof, and the like. In some embodiments, the communications component  1018  also facilitates reception from terrestrial radio networks, digital satellite radio networks, internet-based radio service networks, combinations thereof, and the like. 
         [0078]    The communications component  1018  processes data from a network such as an internet, the Internet, an intranet, a home broadband network, a WI-FI hotspot, and the like, via an internet service provider (“ISP”), digital subscriber line (“DSL”) provider, or broadband provider. 
         [0079]    Audio capabilities for the mobile device  1000  may be provided by an audio I/O component  1026  that includes a speaker for the output of audio signals and a microphone to collect audio signals. 
         [0080]    The illustrated mobile device  1000  also includes a universal subscriber identity module (“USIM”) system  1028  that includes a SIM slot interface  1030  for accommodating a USIM card. In some embodiments, the USIM system  1028  is configured to accept insertion of other SIM cards for access to other network types such as GSM. In other embodiments, the USIM system  1028  is configured to accept multiple SIM cards. In still other embodiments, the USIM system  1028  is configured to accept a universal integrated circuit card (“UICC”) with one or more SIM applications stored thereupon. 
         [0081]    The mobile device  1000  may also include an image capture and processing system  1032  (“image system”). Photos may be obtained via an associated image capture subsystem of the image system  1032 , for example, a camera. The mobile device  1000  may also include a video system  1034  for capturing, processing, recording, and/or modifying video content. Photos and videos obtained using the image system  1032  and the video system  1034 , respectively, may be added as message content to a multimedia message service (“MMS”) message and sent to another mobile device. 
         [0082]    The illustrated mobile device  1000  also includes a location component  1036  for sending and/or receiving signals such as global positioning system (“GPS”) data, assisted-GPS data, WI-FI/WIMAX and/or cellular network triangulation data, combinations thereof, and the like, for determining a location of the mobile device  1000 . The location component  1036  may communicate with the communications component  1018  to retrieve triangulation data for determining a location of the mobile device  1000 . In some embodiments, the location component  1036  interfaces with cellular network nodes, telephone lines, satellites, location transmitters and/or beacons, wireless network transmitters and receivers, combinations thereof, and the like. In some embodiments, the location component  1036  includes one or more sensors such as a compass, an accelerometer, and/or a gyroscope to determine the orientation of the mobile device  1000 . Using the location component  1036 , the mobile device  1000  can generate and/or receive data to identify its location, or transmit data used by other devices to determine the location of the mobile device  1000 . The location component  1036  may include multiple components for determining the location and/or orientation of the mobile device  1000 . 
         [0083]    The illustrated mobile device  1000  also includes a power source  1038 , such as one or more batteries and/or other power subsystem (AC or DC). The power source  1038  may interface with an external power system or charging equipment via a power I/O component  1040 . 
         [0084]    The illustrated mobile device  1000  also includes the thermoelectric display  100 . In some embodiments, the thermoelectric display  100  is built-in to the mobile device  1000 . In other embodiments, the thermoelectric display  100  is provided as an add-on to the mobile device  1000 . 
         [0085]    As used herein, communication media includes computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data in a modulated data signal such as a carrier wave or other transport mechanism and includes any delivery media. The term “modulated data signal” means a signal that has one or more of its characteristics changed or set in a manner as to encode information in the signal. By way of example, and not limitation, communication media includes wired media such as a wired network or direct-wired connection, and wireless media such as acoustic, RF, infrared, and other wireless media. Combinations of the any of the above should also be included within the scope of computer-readable media. 
         [0086]    By way of example, and not limitation, computer storage media may include volatile and non-volatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storage of information such as computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data. For example, computer media includes, but is not limited to, RAM, ROM, EPROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other solid state memory technology, CD-ROM, digital versatile disks (“DVD”), HD-DVD, BLU-RAY, or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium which can be used to store the desired information and which can be accessed by the mobile device  1000  or other devices or computers described herein. For purposes of the claims, the phrase “computer storage medium” and variations thereof, does not include waves, signals, and/or other transitory and/or intangible communication media, per se. 
         [0087]    Encoding the software modules presented herein also may transform the physical structure of the computer-readable media presented herein. The specific transformation of physical structure may depend on various factors, in different implementations of this description. Examples of such factors may include, but are not limited to, the technology used to implement the computer-readable media, whether the computer-readable media is characterized as primary or secondary storage, and the like. For example, if the computer-readable media is implemented as semiconductor-based memory, the software disclosed herein may be encoded on the computer-readable media by transforming the physical state of the semiconductor memory. For example, the software may transform the state of transistors, capacitors, or other discrete circuit elements constituting the semiconductor memory. The software also may transform the physical state of such components in order to store data thereupon. 
         [0088]    As another example, the computer-readable media disclosed herein may be implemented using magnetic or optical technology. In such implementations, the software presented herein may transform the physical state of magnetic or optical media, when the software is encoded therein. These transformations may include altering the magnetic characteristics of particular locations within given magnetic media. These transformations also may include altering the physical features or characteristics of particular locations within given optical media, to change the optical characteristics of those locations. Other transformations of physical media are possible without departing from the scope and spirit of the present description, with the foregoing examples provided only to facilitate this discussion. 
         [0089]    In light of the above, it should be appreciated that many types of physical transformations take place in the mobile device  1000  in order to store and execute the software components presented herein. It is also contemplated that the mobile device  1000  may not include all of the components shown in  FIG. 10 , may include other components that are not explicitly shown in  FIG. 10 , or may utilize an architecture completely different than that shown in  FIG. 10 . 
         [0090]    Based on the foregoing, it should be appreciated that technologies for providing device feedback and input via heating and cooling have been disclosed herein. Although the subject matter presented herein has been described in language specific to computer structural features, methodological and transformative acts, specific computing machinery, and computer readable media, it is to be understood that the invention defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features, acts, or media described herein. Rather, the specific features, acts and mediums are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims. 
         [0091]    The subject matter described above is provided by way of illustration only and should not be construed as limiting. Various modifications and changes may be made to the subject matter described herein without following the example embodiments and applications illustrated and described, and without departing from the true spirit and scope of the present invention, which is set forth in the following claims.