Abstract:
A device and method for detecting febrile convulsions, the device including a detector for detecting motion of the device and providing an output corresponding thereto, a capacitor coupled to the detector and charged by the output of the detector, a resistor coupled to the capacitor to provide discharge of the capacitor, a comparator for comparing a voltage level of the capacitor to a reference voltage and providing a signal when the voltage level of the capacitor is greater than the reference voltage, and an indicator driven by the signal from the comparator to provide an indication of febrile convulsions.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0001]    The present invention relates to a device and method for detecting the occurrence of febrile convulsion or epileptic seizure and alerting the parents or other caregivers of such event, especially during sleep. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    Parent so children who are susceptible to such events (convulsions or seizures) suffer from stress, anxiety and lack of sleep, due to their continuing fear that the event may take place at such time as they are unaware of the event and unable to take care of the child. The device of the present invention will enable thee concerns to be overcome, by ensuring that the parents and caregivers are made aware of the event as soon as it commences. At present, there are known devices for notifying a caregiver when an infant stops breathing or when there is a significant rise in skin temperature, but the only way a parent is aware of convulsions is if he or she happens to be beside the child when they occur. 
         [0003]    Febrile convulsions are characterized by frequent violent movement of the sufferer&#39;s hands and/or legs. Febrile convulsions occur in young children when there is a rapid increase in their body temperatures. They affect up to 5% of children between the ages of one and four, but can affect children between six months and about five years old. 
         [0004]    Children who are at risk may naturally have a lower resistance to febrile convulsion than others. Children may inherit the tendency to suffer febrile convulsions from their parents. If either parent suffered a febrile convulsion as a child, the risk of the child having one or more rises 10 to 20%. If both parents and their child have at some point suffered a febrile convulsion, the risk of another child having one rises 20 to 30%. 
         [0005]    Nevertheless, the child&#39;s susceptibility also depends on whether the child frequently gets infections. About 40% of children who have had febrile convulsions will get them again at some stage, although the risk differs greatly from child to child. The child&#39;s risk of febrile convulsions rises if: 
         [0006]    they are genetically predisposed to it 
         [0007]    they suffer from frequent illnesses, particularly those which cause high temperatures (fever) 
         [0008]    the first attack of febrile convulsion was accompanied by a relatively low body temperature—below 39° C. 
         [0009]    One in a thousand children may suffer a febrile convulsion after receiving the MMR (measles, mumps, rubella) vaccine. In these cases, it occurs 8 to 10 days after the vaccination and is caused by the measles component of the vaccine. However, this causes only about one tenth of cases of febrile convulsion compared with measles itself. 
         [0010]    The symptoms of febrile convulsions are: 
         [0011]    The attack often begins with the child losing consciousness, and shortly afterwards the body, legs and arms go stiff. 
         [0012]    The head is thrown backwards and the arms and legs begin to jerk. 
         [0013]    The skin goes pale and may even turn blue, briefly. 
         [0014]    The attack ends after a few minutes, and the shaking stops. The child goes limp, and then normal colour and consciousness slowly return. 
         [0015]    Some children regain consciousness faster than others. 
         [0016]    Caregivers should not intervene while the attack is taking place, except in the circumstance outlined below. 
         [0017]    Carefully turn the child&#39;s head to one side to prevent choking. In the past, it was common to place a stick in the child&#39;s mouth to prevent bites to the tongue or lips. 
         [0018]    When the fit subsides, the child should be kept in the recovery position on his on her side. If fits are prolonged or follow each other rapidly, an ambulance should be called. 
         [0019]    The first time a child suffers febrile convulsions, he should be admitted to hospital. If the child has suffered attacks on earlier occasions, hospitalization is not always necessary. However, it is always important, for example, to determine whether the convulsions are only due to a harmless viral infection. For this reason, a doctor should always be consulted following an attack. 
         [0020]    If the child has a history of febrile convulsions, parents are sometimes advised to have the medicine diazepam ready in case an attack takes place. It can be given into the rectum from a specific rectal tube and takes effect in a few minutes. 
         [0021]    If the attack goes on for more than five minutes treatment can be repeated, but medical advice should always be sought in any prolonged fit. Dosage instructions must be carefully adhered to. 
         [0022]    Care should be taken to ensure the child is not too hot, by removing extra clothing or bedclothes. 
         [0023]    Some doctors advise parents to give the child mild painkillers, such as paracetamol (e.g., Calpol) or ibuprofen (e.g., Nurofen for children). This lowers the temperature by between 1 and 1.5° C. It is important to give the recommended dose, only. 
         [0024]    Although febrile convulsions look like epileptic fits, they rarely have anything in common with this illness. 99% of children who have had a febrile convulsion have no more fits after they reach school age. 
         [0025]    Although febrile convulsion often seems frightening, it rarely results in any permanent injuries. If, however, the convulsions last a long time or the child suffers several attacks in quick succession, slight disturbances in the brain function may occur. 
         [0026]    Temperature-lowering medicines, such as paracetamol, can help lower body temperature but need to be repeated. If not, the temperature will rise rapidly again. 
         [0027]    Accordingly, there is a long felt need for a device for providing a warning to parents or caregivers when a febrile convulsion begins, and it would be very desirable is such a device were of small size for wearing on the arm or leg of a child. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0028]    The present invention relates to a device for providing an indication of the onset of a febrile convulsion. The device is able to distinguish between such movements and the type of movements which routinely take place during sleep. 
         [0029]    According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the device is configured in a device to be worn by the patient, similar to a wrist watch, around the wrist or ankle. 
         [0030]    There is provided according to the present invention a device for detecting febrile convulsions, the device including a detector for detecting motion of the device and providing an output corresponding thereto, a capacitor coupled to the detector and charged by the output of the detector, a resistor coupled to the capacitor to provide discharge of the capacitor, a comparator for comparing a voltage level of the capacitor to a reference voltage and providing a signal when the voltage level of the capacitor is greater than the reference voltage, and an indicator driven by the signal from the comparator to provide an indication of febrile convulsions. 
         [0031]    According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the device includes device for detecting febrile convulsions, the device including a tilt movement sensor for detecting motion of the device and providing an output signal corresponding thereto; an input network for providing the output signal to a mono-stable pulse detector; a capacitor coupled to the detector and charged by the output of the detector; a resistor coupled to the capacitor to provide discharge of the capacitor; a signal alarm level comparator for comparing a voltage level of the capacitor to a reference voltage and providing a signal when the voltage level of the capacitor is greater than the reference voltage; a piezo buzzer driven by the signal from the comparator via an audio oscillator to provide an indication of febrile convulsions; a small coin-type Lithium battery for providing battery power; a battery level comparator to provide an indication of low battery power; an LED for indicating system operation; and an LED for indicating low battery power. 
         [0032]    There is also provided according to the invention method of detecting febrile convulsions, the method including detecting motion of a device and providing an output signal corresponding thereto; charging a capacitor coupled to the detector by the output of the detector; providing discharge of the capacitor by a resistor coupled to the capacitor; comparing a voltage level of the capacitor to a reference voltage and providing a signal when the voltage level of the capacitor is greater than the reference voltage; and providing an indication of febrile convulsions by means of an indicator driven by the signal from the comparator. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0033]    The present invention will be further understood and appreciated from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the drawings in which: 
           [0034]      FIG. 1  is a block diagram illustration of a device for providing an indication of febrile convulsions constructed and operative in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0035]      FIG. 2  is a schematic diagram of the electronics of a device according to one embodiment of the invention; 
           [0036]      FIGS. 3   a ,  3   b ,  3   c  are schematic graphs illustrating charge of the charge capacitor at the input of the comparator in a device according to one embodiment of the invention; 
           [0037]      FIG. 3   d  is a graph illustrating output pulses from the detector during movement of the tilt sensor; 
           [0038]      FIG. 3   c  is a graph illustrating charge and discharge over time of the capacitor of  FIG. 3   a ; and 
           [0039]      FIGS. 4   a  and  4   b  are respective plan and exploded views of a device according to the invention in the form of a wrist watch. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0040]    The invention described herein is a device for detecting the occurrence of febrile convulsions or epileptic seizures and alerting the parents or other caregivers of such event, especially during sleep. 
         [0041]    Referring to  FIG. 1 , there is shown a block diagram illustration of a device  10  for providing an indication of febrile convulsions, constructed and operative in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. Device  10  includes a detector or movement sensor, preferably a tilt sensor  12 , which detects movement and sends electrical signals to the on/off form (opens or closes a circuit) to a filter network  14 . Filter network  14  adapts the signal from the filter network to a CMOS mono-stable pulse detector  16 , such as TS555, which, in turn, charges a capacitor C 4  for a pre-set duration. 
         [0042]    The capacitor C 4 , therefore, is charged with every movement of device  10 . When there is no movement, the capacitor C 4  is discharged by a resistor R 10  connected in parallel to the capacitor. Capacitor C 4  and resistor R 10  are coupled to the input of a comparator  18 . Comparator  18  has a pre-selected trip point at which it provides an output signal (virtual ground) to power an oscillator  20 . Non-rapid movement allows the capacitor to discharge in the time between movements and therefore the charge does not approach the trip point of comparator  18 . In contrast, rapid movement causes recharging of capacitor C 4 , up to the trip point. 
         [0043]    The voltage across the capacitor enters the CMOS comparator and is compared to a pre set reference voltage. When the voltage of the capacitor becomes higher than the voltage of the reference resistor, the comparator provides power to a CMOS oscillator  20  that generates an audible frequency signal, which activates a buzzer  22 . Buzzer  22  may be a piezo buzzer, or any other suitable indicator device. 
         [0044]    In addition, a second comparator  24  works in inverting mode, measures the voltage of the battery  26  or batteries powering the device, and when the voltage falls below a pre-set level that shows that the power is exhausted and the device is unable to power a convulsion alarm, the comparator provides an output signal and drives the oscillator  20  to sound a continuous alarm and/or an LED L 2  to provide a lighting alert, to tell the user to replace or recharge the batteries. 
         [0045]    A second LED L 1  monitors the output of the detector and lights up whenever the detector detects movement. This shown that the detector works effectively. 
         [0046]    The device an be tested effectively by shaking it rapidly until the alarm is sounded. It will be appreciated that, instead of an oscillator and buzzer, any alternative means of providing an audible or visual indication of convulsions can be utilized. If desired, a transmitter can be activated to send a warning signal to a receiving device. 
         [0047]      FIG. 2  is a schematic diagram of the electronics of a device according to one embodiment of the invention, similar to that shown in  FIG. 1 . As seen in  FIG. 2 , a tilt sensor V 1  is connected to a filter network consisting of a resistor R 1  and a capacitor C 1 , and resistor R 2  is connected to U 1 , a CMOS mono-stable timer, at the trigger pin  2 . Signals from sensor V 1  trigger the mono-stable timer U 1  to produce pulses whose duration is set by resistor R 3  and capacitor C 2 . 
         [0048]    The pulses are actually expanded in time and produce the output at pin  3  of U 1 . Pin  3  is connected to LD 1  to show pulses detected. The signal from U 1  Pin  3  is delivered via diode D 1  and resistor R 5  to a network of capacitor C 4  and resistor R 10  that is connected to the capacitor C 4  in parallel. 
         [0049]    C 4  charges every time it accepts charges from U 1 , and R 10  discharges the pulses at a slow rate. D 1  blocks C 2  charge from discharge via LD 1 . It will be appreciated that changing the value of capacitor C 4  and resistor R 10 , and possibly of resistor R 3  and capacitor C 2 , permits one to define the sensitivity level of the device. 
         [0050]    Instead of a resistor R 13  which is 0 Ohm, a miniature power switch may be provided to turn the power on and off in the circuit, so as to save the battery when the device is not in use. 
         [0051]    In the event of rapid pulses coming from Pin  3 , as shown in  FIG. 3D , capacitor C 4  will charge more and more, as illustrated in  FIGS. 3   a ,  3   b ,  3   c , until it passes the trigger point of comparator U 2 A, shown at reference numeral X. The charge and discharge of capacitor C 4  is illustrated graphically in  FIG. 3   e . When the charge passes the trigger point at the input of the comparator U 2 A, which can be measured at test point TP 1 , the level of charge of capacitor C 4  enters into comparator U 2 A Pin  2  where it is compared to the voltage level of the comparator U 2 A at Pin  3  set by R 11  and R 12  resistor network voltage divider. When the voltage at Pin  2  is higher than the reference voltage at Pin  3 , comparator U 2 A provides a virtual ground to close the circuit and actuate oscillator U 3 . 
         [0052]    The values of resistors R 12  and R 11  set the level at which comparator U 2 A will trigger the output to cause sounding of an alarm. 
         [0053]    When a series of pulses come from the movement of the detector via U 1 , D 1 , R 5  and charge C 4  to the level that U 2 A triggers an output, this output becomes low and provides ground connection to close the circuit to activate U 3  CMOS TS555 multi-vibrator that oscillates in a frequency set by R 8 , R 9  and C 5 . 
         [0054]    The output of U 3  at Pin  3  is fed to a buzzer LS 1 , or other warning device, and closes the circuit with the ground provided by U 2 A Pin  1 , which activates the sound alarm. 
         [0055]    When the series of pulses that charge C 4  ceases, i.e., there is no longer movement of the device, C 4  discharges via R 10  and comparator U 2 A Pin  1  goes high which, in turn, deactivates U 3  and terminates the alarm. 
         [0056]    In case of several pulses with long intervals between them (to be set by C 2 , C 4  and R 10 ) capacitor C 4  charges and discharges reaching the trigger of U 2 A and, therefore, the alarm stays off. This corresponds to regular slow movement during sleep. 
         [0057]    Integrated circuit U 2 B is a comparator that compares the battery level from VCC at Pin  6  via R 15  and R 14  voltage dividers to provide an alarm in case of low battery via Pin  7 . When Pin  7  goes low, LD 2  lights up to signal low battery. In addition, U 3  is activated to provide a buzzer sound. The user will know that the problem is a low battery and not the advent of convulsion. 
         [0058]    All components preferably are incorporated in a miniature circuit, configured to be fitted inside a wrist watch type casing which can be worn by the patient, either on the wrist or ankle, very conveniently and without disturbance. The entire circuit is preferably built on a small printed circuit board, that could be fitted into a wrist watch or other similar small attachment, suitable for the hand or leg of a child. One example of a suitable structure is shown in  FIGS. 4   a  and  4   b , respective plan and exploded views of a device according to the invention in the form of a wrist watch  30 . Watch  30  includes a watch strap  32  on which a watch body  34  is mounted. Two LED&#39;s  36  are mounted in the body  34 . A piezo buzzer  38 , printed circuit board  40  with batteries  42 , are provided on the body and closed with a cover  44 . Batteries  42  can be, for example coin type Li batteries, such as CR1220. Alternatively, batteries  42  can be one or more small rechargeable batteries with a socket (not shown) in body  34  for a charger. 
         [0059]    The circuit of the invention can be embodies in a Printed Circuit Board (PCB). Alternatively, the circuit can built into an ASIC or microprocessor to facilitate further miniaturization. 
         [0060]    It will be appreciated that, in certain cases, such as epilepsy and other complex illnesses, the child may only move one hand, rather than both hands, during a convulsion. In such cases, it is preferable to utilize two devices according to the invention, one on each hand, which act independently of one another, to ensure activation of a timely warning signal. 
         [0061]    While the invention has been described with respect to a limited number of embodiments, it will be appreciated that many variations, modifications and other applications of the invention may be made. It will further be appreciated that the invention is not limited to what has been described hereinabove merely by way of example. Rather, the invention is limited solely by the claims which follows.