Abstract:
A toroidal type stepless speed changer including input and output disks ( 10 ) and ( 12 ), power rollers ( 20 ) provided between the disks with supporting shafts ( 28 ) thereof outwardly protruding, a single movable ring ( 30 ) with which the outer ends of the power roller supporting shafts ( 28 ) are engaged, the single movable ring being movable in the direction of the disk center shaft ( 14 ) with turning thereof being restricted, and a single adjustment belt ( 48 ) capable of making reciprocal motion in its turning (circumferential) direction so as to move the movable ring ( 30 ) along to disk center shaft. By the movement of the movable ring ( 30 ) in the disk center shaft direction that is caused by the reciprocal motion of the adjustment belt ( 48 ), the inclination of all the power roller supporting shaft is varied, thus changing the rotational speed between the input and output disks.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
   1. Field of the Invention 
   The present invention relates to a toroidal type stepless speed changer of simple structure and smaller size and further relates to an electric shaver that uses the same. 
   2. Description of the Related Art 
   In the so-called toroidal type stepless speed changer, ring-shaped concave surfaces (toroidal surfaces) are formed respectively in the opposing surfaces of input and output disks which are installed in opposition, and a plurality of disks (power rollers) are provided or sandwiched between the two concave surfaces as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Publication (Kokoku) Nos. 47-962 and 47-1242. This type of speed changer, which uses the shear forces of oil films formed between the concave surfaces and the power rollers to transmit motive power, varies the speed-change ratio by synchronously changing the inclination of the plurality of power rollers. 
   In the structure described in Japanese Patent Application Publication (Kokoku) No. 47-962, the mechanism for changing the inclination of the power rollers is very complex, and it requires a great number of parts. It is thus not easy to make it small in size. For this reason, it is extremely difficult to apply this art in such a small electric appliance as electric shavers. 
   In apparatuses such as electric shavers, meanwhile, it is desirable that the rotational speed of the inner cutter (in a rotary type shaver) or the reciprocating speed of the inner cutter (in a reciprocating type shaver) be adjusted to the preference of the user. With the conventional art, however, the speed is determined by the rotational speed of the motor or by a speed balancing the size of the load. For this reason, it has not been possible to set speeds to match the preference of the user. 
   Controlling the rotational speed of the motor is conceivable; however, in that case, it becomes necessary to use a special motor, and the control circuit becomes complex. As a result, the mechanism becomes expensive or large in size and cannot be used in small electric appliances such as electric shavers. 
   BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
   Accordingly, the first object of the present invention, which was devised in view of such circumstances as described above, is to provide a stepless speed changer that has a simple structure and involves a small number of parts and can be smaller in size and further is suitable for such small electric appliances as electric shavers. 
   The second object of the present invention to provide an electric shaver that, using an inexpensive motor and without using a special motor or control circuit, can be operated at a rotational speed preferred by the user. 
   The above-described first object is accomplished by a unique structure of the present invention for a stepless speed changer that includes a plurality of power rollers provided between ring-shaped concave surfaces formed respectively in the opposing surfaces of rotation input and output disks for varying the speed-change ratio by varying the inclination of the turning surfaces of these power rollers within a plane that includes the center axes of the disks; and in the present invention: 
   the power rollers are formed with power roller supporting shafts which are on the turning center axis of the power rollers and protrude from between the opposing surfaces of the input and output disks to the outside in the radial direction of the disks; 
   a single movable ring is provided so as to enclose the outside of at least the input disk with the outer ends of all of the power roller supporting shafts being engaged therewith, the movable ring being movable in parallel with the disk center shaft with the turning thereof being restricted; and 
   a single adjustment belt is provided so as to enclose the movable ring and to be held by a frame body so that it can reciprocate (or slide back and forth) by prescribed amounts in the direction of turning and so that the movable ring is moved in parallel with the disk center shaft by this reciprocal motion of the adjustment belt; and wherein 
   the inclination of all of the power roller supporting shafts is varied by the movement of the movable ring in the center axis direction which is caused by the adjustment belt shifted back and forth. 
   The above-described second object is accomplished by a unique structure of an electric shaver of the present invention that includes the stepless speed changer described above, and in the present invention, the shaver is comprised of: 
   a shaver main body that houses a motor; 
   a cutter unit having an outer cutter and an inner cutter and detachably mounted to the upper part of the shaver main body; 
   the above-described stepless speed changer mounted in the shaver main body so that it is between the cutter unit and motor and it varies the speed of rotation outputted by the motor and transmits this varied rotation (or rotational force) to the inner cutter; and 
   a regulator provided so as to be operated from outside of the shaver main body, thus adjusting the position of the adjustment belt of the stepless speed changer. 
   In the stepless speed changer of the present invention, the movable ring is moved in parallel with the disk center shaft (or moved vertically) when the adjustment belt is moved in the circumferential direction (horizontally), and the inclination of the plurality of power roller supporting shafts engaging this movable ring is synchronously varied to effect speed changes. Accordingly, the structure is simple. In other words, because the plurality of power roller supporting shafts are engaged with one movable ring, it is possible to vary the inclination of all of the power roller supporting shafts simultaneously and at the same angle by moving the movable ring. As a consequence, the stepless speed changer requires a smaller number of parts and can be smaller in size. 
   When the stepless speed changer of the present invention is applied to a small electric appliance such as an electric shaver, since the speed controller is provided so that the position of the adjustment belt is adjusted from the outside of the main body of the electric appliance (or of the shaver), the user can operate the electric appliance at the speed of his or her preference by manipulating this speed controller. Accordingly, special speed-controllable motor and control circuit are not required, and an inexpensive motor can be used. 
   In the present invention, various mechanisms can be employed for converting the reciprocal motion of the adjustment belt in the turning direction to a movement of the movable ring in a direction parallel to the center shaft of the disks. For example, in the present invention, a protrusion is provided in one of the two opposing surfaces of the adjustment belt and movable ring (or in the movable ring), an inclined channel into which this protrusion engages is engaged is provided in the other thereof (or in the adjustment belt), and the direction of movement of the protrusion is made perpendicular to the direction of movement of the inclined channel. This structure is very simple, 
   In addition, in the present invention, the movable ring is held on a plurality of circular arc-shaped standing walls which are erected on a frame body and divided in the circumferential direction. With this structure, it is possible to make the movable ring capable of making movement in parallel with the disk center shaft while engaging it in the gaps in the standing walls to restrict the circumferential turning thereof, and, in conjunction therewith, the power roller supporting shafts pass through these gaps to the outside and are engaged with the movable ring, thus providing a simple structure. 
   In small electric appliances, the rotation of a motor rotating at constant speed is speed-reduced by, generally, a gear speed changer of a constant speed reduction ratio. In the present invention, the input disk is made smaller in diameter than the output disk, and the power roller supporting shafts are provided so as to incline toward the input disk side from the horizontal position (a direction substantially perpendicular to the disk center shaft and a direction in which the speed-change ratio becomes 1:1). In this structure, the power rollers will not make contact with the outer circumferential side of the concave surface of the input disk, as a result, the outer diameter of the input disk can be reduced so as to be coincident with the outer circumferential side of the concave surface. Accordingly, by way of providing the movable ring at a position where it encloses the outside of this diameter-decreased input disk, it is possible to decrease the diameter of the movable ring and to make the overall size of the speed changer much smaller. 
   In the present invention, further, the electric shaver can be a rotary type or a reciprocating type. For the rotary type, a plurality of substantially disk-shaped outer cutters and substantially pinwheel shaped inner cutters are provided in a cutter unit, and the plurality of inner cutters are rotationally driven by the output disk of a single speed changer. For the reciprocating type, the cutter unit has such a structure that an inner cutter is made to contact with and slide in a reciprocating direction against the lower surface of the outer cutter that is substantially U-shaped when seen from the side, and the rotation of the output disk of the speed changer is converted to reciprocal motion to reciprocally drive the inner cutter. 
   The stepless speed changer of the present invention is applicable to various small electric appliances such as mixers, driers, electric toothbrushes, washing machines, and fans, for example. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS 
       FIG. 1  is a disassembled perspective view of a speed changer according to one embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 2  is a top view of the speed changer in an assembled state; 
       FIGS. 3A and 3B  show cross-sections taken along the lines  3 - 3  in  FIG. 2 ; 
       FIGS. 4A through 4C  show the operations of the linking mechanism for the adjustment belt and the movable ring; 
       FIG. 5A  shows the internal structure of a rotary type electric shaver according one embodiment of the present invention,  FIG. 5B  being a top view thereof; and 
       FIG. 6  is a top view representing a speed-changing speed controller and the like. 
   

   DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     FIG. 1  is a disassembled perspective view of a speed changer according to one embodiment of the present invention, while  FIG. 2  is a top view representing, in partial cross-section, the assembled condition of the speed changer with the output disk removed.  FIGS. 3A and 3B  show the cross-sections taken along the line  3 - 3  in  FIG. 2 , in which  FIG. 3A  shows the configuration that the speed-change ratio is 1:1, and  FIG. 3B  shows the configuration that the speed-change ratio is less than 1.  FIGS. 4A through 4C  illustrate the manner of movement of a linking mechanism for the adjustment belt and movable ring of the speed changer. 
   In  FIGS. 1 through 3B , the reference numeral  10  designates a rotation input disk (hereinafter called simply the “input disk”) and  12  a rotation output disk (hereinafter called simply “output disk”), which are axially supported by a common disk center shaft  14 . The disk center shaft  14  is a rotary shaft of a motor secured to, for example, a frame body. To this disk center shaft  14 , as shown in  FIGS. 3A and 3B , the input disk  10  is spline-coupled, and the output disk  12  is axially supported thereby so as to rotate freely. 
   In the opposing surfaces of these input and output disks  10  and  12  are formed ring-shaped concave surfaces (toroidal surfaces)  16  and  18 , respectively. More specifically, the concave surfaces  16  and  18  are of shapes that follow a common circle and are positioned on a circle centered on the disk center shaft  14 . Between these concave surfaces  16  and  18 , three power rollers  20  are provided or sandwiched, at equal intervals in the circumferential direction, and the input and output disks  10  and  12  are urged in mutually approaching directions so as to sandwich the power rollers  20  therebetween with a prescribed pressure. 
   More specifically, the output disk  12  has its upward (in  FIGS. 3A and 3B ) movement restricted by an upper retaining ring  22  secured to the disk center shaft  14 , while to the input disk  10  is given an upward returning tendency by a compressed coil spring  26  that is compressed and mounted between this input disk  10  and a lower retaining ring  24  secured to the disk center shaft  14 . As a consequence, the power rollers  20  are sandwiched between the concave surfaces  16  and  18  due to the spring force of the compressed coil spring  26 . Since the input disk  10  is spline-coupled to the disk center shaft  14 , it rotates integrally with the disk center shaft  14 , and this rotation is transmitted to the output disk  12  by the turning motions of the power rollers  20 . 
   The power rollers  20 , as seen from  FIG. 2 , are held so that they can freely turn by power roller supporting shafts  28  which are on the center axes thereof (in other words, the power roller supporting shafts are perpendicular to the turning plane of the rollers). The three power roller supporting shafts  28  protrude from between the opposing surfaces of the input and output disks  10  and  12  to the outside of the disks in the radial direction of the disks. The outer ends (ends on the outside in the radial direction of the disks) of these three power roller supporting shafts  28  are engaged in a movable ring  30  that encloses (the outside of) the in put and output disks  10  and  12 . 
   The movable ring  30 , as shown in  FIGS. 1 and 2 , are provided so as to engage (or is enclosed inside) circular arc-shaped standing walls  34 , which are erected on a frame body  32  and divided into three sections in the circumferential direction, so that the movable ring  30  is held and movable parallel to the disk center shaft  14  while the turning of the movable ring  30  (in its circumferential direction) is restricted. More specifically, in the outer circumference of the movable ring  30 , three blocks  36  are formed so that they are inside the gaps in the circumferential direction of the three standing walls  34 , and the circular arc-shaped outer circumferences located between the blocks  36  engage the inner circumferential surfaces of the three standing walls  34 . As a result, the movable ring  30  is movable in parallel with the disk center shaft  14  (in the up-and-down or vertical direction in  FIGS. 1 ,  3 A and  3 B) while the turning thereof (in its circumferential or horizontal direction) is restricted by the standing walls  34 . 
   The outer ends of the power roller supporting shafts  28  are respectively coupled to the blocks  36  of the movable ring  30  by pins  40  so that they can turn freely in the up-and-down direction. More specifically, in the blocks  36 , through-holes  42  are formed so that the power roller supporting shafts  28  respectively pass through them in the radial direction of the disk center shaft  14 , and the pins  40  cross through these through-holes  42  and axially support the power roller supporting shafts  28 . The through-holes  42 , furthermore, as seen from  FIGS. 3A and 3B , have the upper portions on the inner radial side and the lower portions on the outer radial side diagonally cut away. With this structure, the power roller supporting shafts  28  are pivotable between a horizontal position shown in  FIG. 3A  and a position in which they are inclined downward as shown in  FIG. 3B . 
   When the power roller supporting shafts  28  ( FIG. 3A ) are horizontal or at the horizontal position, the input disk  10  and the output disk  12  rotate at the same speed (1:1). In the inclined position of the power roller supporting shafts  28  with the outer ends thereof descended ( FIG. 3B ), the output disk  12  is rotated with the rotation of the input disk  10  decelerated. As a consequence, the power rollers  20  will not roll against the part of the concave surface  16  of the input disk  10  that is on the outer radial side extremity. Accordingly, in the shown embodiment, a part of this concave surface  16  at the outer radial extremity is removed, so that the diameter of the input disk  10  is made smaller than that of the output disk  12 . In conjunction therewith, moreover, the diameter of the lower part of the movable ring  30  is made smaller so as to correspond to the outer diameter of the input disk  10 , thus effecting smaller size. 
   The above-described frame body  32  is, as seen from  FIG. 1 , substantially triangular when viewed from above, and its three corners are respectively made in a circular arc shape; and circular arc-shaped guide walls  44  are erected along these three corners. On the outer circumferential surfaces of these guide walls  44 , guide rails  46  are formed at a prescribed height. An adjustment belt  48  is fitted on the guide rails  46  so that it can move reciprocally (or slide back and forth) in its length-wise direction (that is, in its circumferential direction). The adjustment belt  48  is comprised of sliding portions, which are guided by the guide rails  46  and are small in thickness and abundance of flexibility, and block units  50 , which are great in thickness and positioned between two guide rails  46 . 
   On the inner surfaces of the thick block units  50 , respectively, inclined channels  52  are formed. These channels  52  are slanted in the same direction. Furthermore, on the outer circumferential surfaces of the blocks  36  of the movable ring  30 , protrusions  54  are formed so that they protrude in the outer radial direction from above the through-holes  42 . These protrusions  54  of the movable ring  30  are, respectively, engaged with the inclined channels  52  of the thick block units  50  of the adjustment belt  48 . As seen from  FIG. 4A , at equal rotational speed as shown in  FIG. 3A , the protrusions  54  of the movable ring  30  are positioned at the upper ends of the inclined channels  52  of the blocks  50  of the adjustment belt  48 . 
   When, from this condition, the adjustment belt  48  is moved or slid by a certain amount A as shown in  FIG. 4B  (clockwise in  FIG. 1 ) to the left, the protrusions  54  of the movable ring  30  are guided toward the vicinity of the centers of the inclined channels  52 , and descend by a certain amount a, and as a result, the movable ring  30  descends for the distance a. This condition is shown in  FIG. 2 . When the adjustment belt  48  is moved further in the same direction (or further to the left) by a certain amount B as shown in  FIG. 4C  from the position shown in  FIG. 4A , the protrusions  54  are guided to the lower portions of the inclined channels  52 , with the amount of descent of the protrusions  54  becoming b, and as a result, the movable ring  30  descends for the distance b. By moving the adjustment belt  48  in the opposite direction, the protrusions  54  of the movable ring  30  make opposite movements and return to the upper portions of the inclined channels  52 , and the movable ring  30  thus ascends. 
   As seen from the above, the movable ring  30  is movable up and down by moving the adjustment belt  48  reciprocally or by sliding the adjustment belt  48  back and forth. As a consequence of the up-and-down movement of this movable ring  30 , the inclination of the power roller supporting shafts  28  changes, the inclination of the turning surfaces of the power rollers  20  thus changes, and as a result the speed-change ratio between the input and output disks us changed. As seen from the above, since the three power rollers  20  can be synchronously inclined by the adjustment belt  48  and movable ring  30 , the structure is extremely simple. For this reason, the number of parts can be small, and the overall size of the stepless speed changer can be smaller. 
     FIG. 5A  shows the internal structure of a rotary type electric shaver that uses the stepless speed changer described above.  FIG. 5B  is a top view of  FIG. 5A .  FIG. 6  is a top view of a speed controller for rotational speed changes and other parts. 
   In  FIG. 5A , the reference numeral  60  designates a shaver main body which houses, among other parts, an electric motor  62 , control circuit, and switches. A cutter unit  64  is detachably mounted to the top or upper part of this shaver main body  60 . The cutter unit  64  is comprised of an outer cutter case  66  that is substantially triangular as seen from above, three substantially disk-shaped outer cutters  68  held so as to be sinkable down with respect to the upper surface of the outer cutter case  66 , and substantially pinwheel-shaped inner cutters  70  which respectively slide against the lower surfaces of the outer cutters  68 . The outer cutters  68  and the inner cutters  70  make rotary blades. 
   In the shaver main body  60 , a partition wall  72  is provided between the shaver main body  60  and the cutter unit  64 , and (three) inner cutter drive shafts  74  that are rotated by the motor  62  are held by the partition wall  72 . Below this partition wall  72 , in other words, inside the shaver main body  60  between the cutter unit  64  and the motor  62 , the stepless speed changer  76  described above ( FIGS. 1 to 4C ) is provided. The motor  62  and the frame body  32  of this stepless speed changer  76  are secured to the shaver main body  60 , and the rotary shaft of this motor  62  passes through the frame body  32  to make the above-described disk center shaft  14 . For the stepless speed changer  76  shown in  FIG. 5A , the parts that are shown in  FIGS. 1 to 4C  are designated by the same reference numerals, and thus further descriptions thereof are omitted. 
   On the upper surface of the output disk  12 , a drive gear (small gear)  78  is formed integrally. This drive gear  78  engages three driven gears (large gears)  80  that are respectively parallel with the inner cutter drive shafts  74  and are provided under the lower surface of the partition wall  72  (see  FIG. 6 ). The inner cutter drive shafts  74  are provided on the driven gears  30  so that they are movable up and down, and to each one of the inner cutter drive shafts  74  is imparted an upward returning tendency by a coil spring  82  that is compressed and mounted between each inner cutter drive shaft  74  and the driven gear  80 . The upper ends of the inner cutter drive shafts  74  are formed with polygonal engagement balls that engage in engagement holes of the inner cutters  70 . 
   In the above-described structure, the rotational output force of the motor  62  is transferred through the stepless speed changer  76  and the drive gear  78  to the driven gears  80 , and the rotation of these driven gears  80  is transmitted by the inner cutter drive shafts  74  to the inner cutters  70 . The inner cutters  70  are pressed against the lower surfaces of the outer cutters  68  by the upward return force of the inner cutter drive shafts  74  which have the coil springs  82  installed inside. As a consequence, the inner cutters  70  are rotated while making a sliding contact with the lower surfaces of the outer cutters  68 . Whiskers which have entered the hair induction holes (not shown) formed in the outer cutters  68  are cut by the rotating inner cutters  70 . 
   To the adjustment belt  48  of the stepless speed changer  76 , a speed controller  84  is secured so as to protrude to the outside of the shaver main body  60 . This speed controller  84  protrudes outside from a laterally long opening opened in the front face of the shaver main body  60  and is manipulated so as to be moved left and right (as shown by arrow in  FIG. 6 ) by the thumb of the hand of a user that is gripping the shaver main body  60 . By shifting this speed controller  84  left and right, the adjustment belt  48  is moved or slid in its length-wise direction, and the movable ring  30  is as a result moved up and down. As a consequence, the rotational speed is adjusted to the preference of the user by varying the speed-change ratio (speed reduction ratio) between the input and output disks of the speed changer, changing the rotational speed of the inner cutters  70 . 
   The present invention is applicable to a reciprocating electric shaver in addition to a rotary shaver described above. In a reciprocating shaver, the reciprocal blade comprises an outer cutter that is substantially U-shaped when seen from the side and an inner cutter that moves reciprocally to slide against the lower surface of the outer cutter, and the output disk of the stepless speed changer drives the inner cutter reciprocally.