Abstract:
A wide-angle lens whose angle of view is more than 90 degrees and less than 120 degrees includes, in order from an object side thereof: a first lens having a negative power and including a spherical glass body; a second lens having a positive power and including an aspheric surface; and a third lens having a positive power and including an aspheric surface.

Description:
[0001]    This application is based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2007-243549 filed on Sep. 20, 2007, in Japanese Patent Office, the entire content of which is hereby incorporated by reference. 
       TECHNICAL FIELD 
       [0002]    The present invention relates to a wide-angle lens that is excellent in optical performance, low in cost, and compact in size, and in particular, to a wide-angle lens that is suitable to a digital input equipment (represented by a digital still camera and a digital video camera) such as a monitoring camera and a vehicle-mounted camera each having a solid-state imaging device. 
       BACKGROUND 
       [0003]    There have been suggested many wide-angle lenses used in a monitoring camera and a vehicle-mounted camera each having a solid-state imaging device. 
         [0004]    In the vehicle-mounted camera, a wide-angle lens is used mainly as a rear view monitor (back monitor) in many cases, and many of them have an angle of view of about 150-170° (for example, see Unexamined Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2005-321742). 
       SUMMARY 
       [0005]    In recent years, there have also been emerged vehicle-mounted cameras applied for a front-view monitor used in an intersection and for a side-view monitor used for prevention of losing wheels, in addition to the vehicle-mounted camera applied for a conventional rear-view monitor (back monitor). 
         [0006]    The front-view monitor is used for watching vehicles and others coming from the left side and the right side in the intersection, and an angle of view in the horizontal direction of the wide-angle lens needs to exceed 180°. Further, the side-view monitor is used to prevent losing wheels, and its angle of view does not always need to exceed 150°, and it is sometimes enough to be about 110°. 
         [0007]    An object of the present invention is to propose a wide-angle lens which has angle of view exceeding 90° and less than 120° and which is compact in size and excellent in optical performance. 
         [0008]    The preferred embodiment of the invention is a wide-angle lens that has an angle of view more than 90 degrees and less than 120 degrees. The wide-angle lens comprises in order from an object side thereof: a first lens having a negative power and comprising a glass body including a spherical surface; a second lens having a positive power comprising an aspheric surface; and a third lens having a positive power comprising an aspheric surface. 
         [0009]    By making the angle of view to be more than 90° and to be less than 120°, the design conditions for the wide-angle lens are more eased, compared with a conventional wide-angle lens. Accordingly, it is possible to provide a low cost and compact wide-angle lens having excellent optical performances while having a wide angle of view, when compared with a conventional wide-angle lens. 
         [0010]    In the above embodiment, the wide-angle lens may satisfy following expressions. 
         [0000]      −3.3 &lt;f 1 /f&lt;− 1.8  (1) 
         [0000]      1.4 &lt;f 3 /f&lt; 2.2  (2) 
         [0011]    In these expressions, f is a focal length of the wide-angle lens, f1 is a focal length of the first lens, and f3 is a focal length of the third lens. 
         [0012]    In the above embodiment, the wide-angle lens may satisfy following expressions. 
         [0000]      νd2&lt;50  (3) 
         [0000]      νd3&gt;50  (4) 
         [0013]    In these expressions, νd2 is an Abbe number of the second lens, and νd3 is an Abbe number of the third lens. 
         [0014]    In the above embodiment, the wide-angle lens may further comprise a diaphragm arranged between the second lens and the third lens. 
         [0015]    In the above embodiment, each of the second lens and the third lens may be a plastic lens. 
         [0016]    In the embodiment stated above, it is possible to provide a low-cost and compact wide-angle lens having an excellent optical performance and a wide angle of view as a three-lens-structured image-pickup lens for a solid-state imaging device. 
         [0017]    These and other objects, features and advantages according to the present invention will become more apparent upon reading of the following detailed description along with the accompanied drawings. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0018]    Embodiments will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings which are meant to be exemplary, not limiting, and wherein like elements numbered alike in several Figures, in which: 
           [0019]      FIG. 1  is a schematic diagram of a wide-angle lens in Example 1; 
           [0020]      FIG. 2  is an aberration diagram of a wide-angle lens in Example 1; 
           [0021]      FIG. 3  is a schematic diagram of a wide-angle lens in Example 2; 
           [0022]      FIG. 4  is an aberration diagram of a wide-angle lens in Example 2; 
           [0023]      FIG. 5  is a schematic diagram of a wide-angle lens in Example 3; 
           [0024]      FIG. 6  is an aberration diagram of a wide-angle lens in Example 3; 
           [0025]      FIG. 7  is a schematic diagram of a wide-angle lens in Example 4; and 
           [0026]      FIG. 8  is an aberration diagram of a wide-angle lens in Example 4. 
       
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
       [0027]    A wide-angle lens representing a preferred embodiment of the invention will be explained as follow, referring to the drawings. 
         [0028]    “Power” mentioned in the present specification indicates an amount defined by a reciprocal of a focal length. 
         [0029]      FIGS. 1 ,  3 ,  5  and  7  are cross sections indicating lens arrangements in Example 1-Example 4, respectively. 
         [0030]    In each of  FIGS. 1 ,  3 ,  5  and  7 , the wide-angle lens is composed of the first lens L 1  having negative power, the second lens L 2  having positive power, an aperture stop (diaphragm), the third lens L 3  having positive power and glass filter GF, in this order from an object side of the wide-angle lens. 
         [0031]    In detailed explanation, the first lens L 1  is made of a glass body including at least one spherical surface, in other words, the first lens L 1  is a spherical lens having a glass lens body. Each of the second lens L 2  and the third lens L 3  has at least one aspheric surface thereon. 
         [0032]    By constituting in this way, it is possible to obtain an excellent optical performance. 
         [0033]    Further, when the first lens L 1  is formed as a glass lens, it is not necessary to provide a protective cover in particular, when using in a vehicle-mounted camera, for example. 
         [0034]    In more detailed explanation, the body of the first lens L 1  can be formed by a flat surface and a spherical surface, but is preferably formed by opposing spherical surfaces. 
         [0035]    The second lens L 2  and the third lens L 3  can be formed with general optical materials such as glass materials and resins. However, when the second lens L 2  and the third lens L 3  are formed to be plastic lenses as in the present embodiment, weight reduction and cost reduction of a wide-angle lens can be expected, which is preferable. 
         [0036]    Further, when each of the second lens L 2  and the third lens L 3  is made to be a plastic lens having an at least one aspheric surface thereon, the number of lenses can be reduced, resulting in cost reduction and downsizing, compared with an occasion where each of the second lens L 2  and the third lens L 3  is formed with spherical surfaces. 
         [0037]    Next, the aforesaid conditional expression will be explained. Meanwhile, in each example, it is not necessary to satisfy all of the conditional expressions simultaneously, and sufficient effects can be exhibited by satisfying each conditional expression independently. From viewpoints of optical performances, downsizing or assembly efficiency, it is naturally preferable that all of the respective conditional expressions are satisfied. 
         [0038]    With respect to a value of conditional expression (1) of f1/f, when the value exceeds the lower limit of conditional expression (1), a sufficient back focal distance can be secured, while, when the value is lower than the upper limit of conditional expression (1), distortion can be controlled, which is preferable. 
         [0039]    With respect to a value of conditional expression (2) of f3/f, when the value exceeds the lower limit of conditional expression (2), field curvature aberration can be controlled, while, when the value is lower than the upper limit of conditional expression (1), distortion can be controlled, which is preferable. 
         [0040]    Each of conditional expression (3) of νd2 and conditional expression (4) of νd3 is a conditional expression concerning chromatic aberration. It is known that Abbe&#39;s number of general optical materials such as glass materials and resins takes values from 10 to 95, and both of νd2 and νd3 can take any number within this range. However, it is preferable, from the following reasons, that νd2 satisfies conditional expression (3) and νd3 satisfies conditional expression (4). If a value of conditional expression (3) is smaller than the upper limit thereof, magnification chromatic aberration turns out to be smaller and deterioration of optical performance can be controlled. Further, if a value of conditional expression (4) is greater than the lower limit thereof, longitudinal chromatic aberration and magnification chromatic aberration turn out to be smaller and deterioration of optical performance can be controlled. 
       EXAMPLES 
       [0041]    Lens data of wide-angle lenses in Example 1-Example 4 are shown below. 
         [0042]    Symbols used in each Example are as follows. 
         [0000]    f: Focal length of overall system
 
F: F number
 
ω: Half angle of field
 
R: Radius of curvature
 
d: Lens interval
 
nd: Refractive index for d line
 
νd: Abbe&#39;s number
 
         [0043]    In each Example, a surface number followed by “*” represents a surface in an aspheric shape. A shape of the aspheric surface is expressed by the following expression under the assumption that an apex of the surface is an origin, an X-axis extends in the optical axis direction and h represents a height in the direction perpendicular to the optical axis. 
         [0000]        X ( H )= C·H   2 /{1+(1 −ε·C   2   ·H   2 ) 1/2   }+ΣAi·Hi    
         [0044]    In the expression, H represents a height in the direction perpendicular to an optical axis, X(H) represents an amount of displacement in the optical axis direction at a position whose height is H, C represents a paraxial curvature, ε represents a quadratic curve parameter, Ai represents i th  aspheric surface coefficient, and Hi represents a symbol indicating i th  power of H. 
       Example 1 
       [0045]    Table 1 shows the lens data of Example 1. 
         [0046]      FIG. 2  shows an aberration diagram including spherical aberration, astigmatism and distortion in Example 1. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 Surface No. 
                 R (mm) 
                 d (mm) 
                 nd 
                 νd 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1  
                 ∞ 
                 0.90 
                 1.56384 
                 60.31 
               
               
                 2  
                 3.192 
                 2.71 
               
               
                 3* 
                 −7.817 
                 1.54 
                 1.58340 
                 30.23 
               
               
                 4* 
                 −2.949 
                 1.89 
               
               
                 5 (diaphragm) 
                 ∞ 
                 0.93 
               
               
                 6* 
                 −23.935 
                 0.97 
                 1.53048 
                 55.72 
               
               
                 7* 
                 −1.831 
                 1.50 
               
               
                 8  
                 ∞ 
                 0.30 
                 1.51680 
                 64.17 
               
               
                 9  
                 ∞ 
                 1.57 
               
               
                 Image surface 
                 ∞ 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Aspheric surface coefficient 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 3 rd  surface 
               
               
                   
                 k = 0 
               
               
                   
                 A4 = 0.000198540076574 
               
               
                   
                 A6 = 0.00144481356719 
               
               
                   
                 A8 = −0.000312928549056 
               
               
                   
                 A10 = 1.35849895974E−05 
               
               
                   
                 4 th  surface 
               
               
                   
                 k = 0 
               
               
                   
                 A4 = 0.0130506601646 
               
               
                   
                 A6 = 2.82341204926E−05 
               
               
                   
                 A8 = −0.000206267315661 
               
               
                   
                 A10 = 2.54075103773E−05 
               
               
                   
                 6 th  surface 
               
               
                   
                 k = 0 
               
               
                   
                 A4 = 0.0130506601646 
               
               
                   
                 A6 = 2.82341204926E−05 
               
               
                   
                 A8 = −0.000206267315661 
               
               
                   
                 A10 = 2.54075103773E−05 
               
               
                   
                 7 th  surface 
               
               
                   
                 k = 0 
               
               
                   
                 A4 = 0.00845532563026 
               
               
                   
                 A6 = 0.000939105053217 
               
               
                   
                 A8 = −0.00687017460548 
               
               
                   
                 A10 = 0.0053260174989 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Focal length 
                 2.08 
               
               
                   
                 F number 
                 2.8 
               
               
                   
                 Angle of view 
                 107.56 
               
               
                   
                 Image height 
                 2.25 
               
               
                   
                 Total lens length 
                 12.21 
               
               
                   
                 Back focal distance 
                 3.27 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Example 2 
       [0047]    Table 2 shows the lens data of Example 2. 
         [0048]      FIG. 4  shows an aberration diagram including spherical aberration, astigmatism and distortion in Example 2. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 Surface No. 
                 R (mm) 
                 d (mm) 
                 nd 
                 νd 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1  
                 −57.234 
                 0.90 
                 1.56384 
                 60.31 
               
               
                 2  
                 2.306 
                 2.30 
               
               
                 3* 
                 1694.562 
                 1.30 
                 1.58340 
                 30.23 
               
               
                 4* 
                 −3.000 
                 1.32 
               
               
                 5 (diaphragm) 
                 ∞ 
                 1.06 
               
               
                 6* 
                 −24.877 
                 1.07 
                 1.53048 
                 55.72 
               
               
                 7* 
                 −1.924 
                 1.50 
               
               
                 8  
                 ∞ 
                 0.30 
                 1.51680 
                 64.17 
               
               
                 9  
                 ∞ 
                 1.47 
               
               
                 Image surface 
                 ∞ 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Aspheric surface coefficient 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 3 rd  surface 
               
               
                   
                 k = 0 
               
               
                   
                 A4 = 0.00817911479 
               
               
                   
                 A6 = 0.0024608103235 
               
               
                   
                 A8 = −0.000969586913443 
               
               
                   
                 A10 = 0.000187578094609 
               
               
                   
                 4 th  surface 
               
               
                   
                 k = 0 
               
               
                   
                 A4 = 0.0224820452568 
               
               
                   
                 A6 = −0.00267950619 
               
               
                   
                 A8 = 7.66535990629E−05 
               
               
                   
                 A10 = 0.000114811227355 
               
               
                   
                 6 th  surface 
               
               
                   
                 k = 0 
               
               
                   
                 A4 = −0.00349790657 
               
               
                   
                 A6 = −0.0119380849927 
               
               
                   
                 A8 = 0.0331416138898 
               
               
                   
                 A10 = −0.00863721527112 
               
               
                   
                 7 th  surface 
               
               
                   
                 k = 0 
               
               
                   
                 A4 = 0.0161037276 
               
               
                   
                 A6 = 0.0117865095923 
               
               
                   
                 A8 = −0.0073996909961 
               
               
                   
                 A10 = 0.00641080451032 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Focal length 
                 2.06 
               
               
                   
                 F number 
                 2.8 
               
               
                   
                 Angle of view 
                 108.46 
               
               
                   
                 Image height 
                 2.25 
               
               
                   
                 Total lens length 
                 11.11 
               
               
                   
                 Back focal distance 
                 3.16 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Example 3 
       [0049]    Table 3 shows the lens data of Example 3. 
         [0050]    Meanwhile,  FIG. 6  shows an aberration diagrams including spherical aberration, astigmatism and distortion in Example 3. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 3 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 Surface No. 
                 R (mm) 
                 d (mm) 
                 nd 
                 νd 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1 
                 −15.444 
                 0.90 
                 1.56384 
                 60.31 
               
               
                 2 
                 6.251 
                 2.09 
               
               
                  3* 
                 −13.300 
                 1.40 
                 1.58340 
                 30.23 
               
               
                  4* 
                 −3.534 
                 2.06 
               
               
                 5 (diaphragm) 
                 ∞ 
                 0.68 
               
               
                  6* 
                 −6.766 
                 1.25 
                 1.53048 
                 55.72 
               
               
                  7* 
                 −1.553 
                 1.50 
               
               
                 8 
                 ∞ 
                 0.30 
                 1.51680 
                 64.17 
               
               
                 9 
                 ∞ 
                 1.57 
               
               
                 Image surface 
                 ∞ 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Aspheric surface coefficient 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 3 rd  surface 
               
               
                   
                 k = 0 
               
               
                   
                 A4 = 0.00157268613424 
               
               
                   
                 A6 = 0.000891094241168 
               
               
                   
                 A8 = −7.22002307298E−05 
               
               
                   
                 A10 = 3.05229156678E−06 
               
               
                   
                 4 th  surface 
               
               
                   
                 k = 0 
               
               
                   
                 A4 = 0.00925630859075 
               
               
                   
                 A6 = 0.000646259022957 
               
               
                   
                 A8 = −9.72484623323E−05 
               
               
                   
                 A10 = 6.69418858731E−06 
               
               
                   
                 6 th  surface 
               
               
                   
                 k = 0 
               
               
                   
                 A4 = −0.0542254845905 
               
               
                   
                 A6 = −0.0240496924714 
               
               
                   
                 A8 = 0.0308012988227 
               
               
                   
                 A10 = −0.0155448648985 
               
               
                   
                 7 th  surface 
               
               
                   
                 k = 0 
               
               
                   
                 A4 = 0.0113237005971 
               
               
                   
                 A6 = 0.000654263204829 
               
               
                   
                 A8 = −0.00305257360566 
               
               
                   
                 A10 = 0.00317108372734 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Focal length 
                 2.43 
               
               
                   
                 F number 
                 2.8 
               
               
                   
                 Angle of view 
                 94.86 
               
               
                   
                 Image height 
                 2.25 
               
               
                   
                 Total lens length 
                 11.64 
               
               
                   
                 Back focal distance 
                 3.27 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Example 4 
       [0051]    Table 4 shows the lens data of Example 4. 
         [0052]    Incidentally,  FIG. 8  shows an aberration diagrams including spherical aberration, astigmatism and distortion in Example 4. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 4 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 Surface No. 
                 R (mm) 
                 d (mm) 
                 nd 
                 νd 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1 
                 39.022 
                 0.90 
                 1.56384 
                 60.31 
               
               
                 2 
                 2.430 
                 2.57 
               
               
                  3* 
                 −7.891 
                 2.49 
                 1.58340 
                 30.23 
               
               
                  4* 
                 −2.422 
                 0.95 
               
               
                 5 (diaphragm) 
                 ∞ 
                 1.13 
               
               
                  6* 
                 −7.096 
                 1.23 
                 1.53048 
                 55.72 
               
               
                  7* 
                 −1.678 
                 1.50 
               
               
                 8 
                 ∞ 
                 0.30 
                 1.51680 
                 64.17 
               
               
                 9 
                 ∞ 
                 1.25 
               
               
                 Image surface 
                 ∞ 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Aspheric surface coefficient 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 3 rd  surface 
               
               
                   
                 k = 0 
               
               
                   
                 A4 = 0.00883284582269 
               
               
                   
                 A6 = −0.00150309906163 
               
               
                   
                 A8 = −3.82672855462E−05 
               
               
                   
                 A10 = −1.22661405434E−05 
               
               
                   
                 4 th  surface 
               
               
                   
                 k = 0 
               
               
                   
                 A4 = 0.0318548919457 
               
               
                   
                 A6 = −0.00838462795765 
               
               
                   
                 A8 = 0.00185086078788 
               
               
                   
                 A10 = −0.000124996557582 
               
               
                   
                 6 th  surface 
               
               
                   
                 k = 0 
               
               
                   
                 A4 = −0.0149201913318 
               
               
                   
                 A6 = 0.0349996648698 
               
               
                   
                 A8 = 0.0186898701976 
               
               
                   
                 A10 = −0.00897501174907 
               
               
                   
                 7 th  surface 
               
               
                   
                 k = 0 
               
               
                   
                 A4 = 0.0243609118166 
               
               
                   
                 A6 = 0.0223380973414 
               
               
                   
                 A8 = −0.00844594945275 
               
               
                   
                 A10 = 0.00867068171877 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Focal length 
                 1.75 
               
               
                   
                 F number 
                 2.8 
               
               
                   
                 Angle of view 
                 118.16 
               
               
                   
                 Image height 
                 2.25 
               
               
                   
                 Total lens length 
                 12.03 
               
               
                   
                 Back focal distance 
                 2.95 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0053]    Table 5 shows values of Examples corresponding to the aforesaid conditional expressions. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 5 
               
             
             
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Conditional expressions 
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 (1) 
                 (2) 
                 (3) 
                 (4) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Example 1 
                 −2.721 
                 1.769 
                 30.23 
                 55.72 
               
               
                 Example 2 
                 −1.896 
                 1.875 
                 30.23 
                 55.72 
               
               
                 Example 3 
                 −3.197 
                 1.442 
                 30.23 
                 55.72 
               
               
                 Example 4 
                 −2.653 
                 2.196 
                 30.23 
                 55.72 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0054]    Although the present invention has been fully described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is to be understood that various changes and modifications will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Therefore, unless otherwise such changes and modifications depart from the scope of the present invention hereinafter defined, they should be construed as being included therein.