Abstract:
A method of assembling a connector to a cable with a length. The method includes the steps of: providing a connector with first and second relatively movable parts; providing an apparatus with a frame defining a bearing surface, a force applying assembly, and an advancing assembly including a threaded component; placing the connector in a pre-assembly position on the cable; reinforcing the first part of the connector against the bearing surface; and turning the threaded component around an axis to thereby advance a part of the force applying assembly against the connector in a line that is substantially parallel to the length of the cable to thereby cause the first and second parts to be relatively moved from a pre-assembly state into an assembled state, wherein the connector is mechanically and electrically connected to the cable.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0001]    1. Field of the Invention 
         [0002]    This invention relates to connectors for cable and, more particularly, to connectors that are assembled under a compressive force applied lengthwise of the cable. 
         [0003]    2. Background Art 
         [0004]    There currently exist many different configurations of connectors for coaxial cable that are assembled in many different manners. One such connector design is assembled by relatively moving at least two parts under a compressive force applied in a direction lengthwise with respect to the associated cable. As the parts are relatively moved, they cooperate with each other and/or the cable in a manner that portions of the cable become positively captively held, thereby causing the connector to be positively maintained at the cable end. In the case of coaxial cable, at least one of the parts must be squeezed between component layers on the cable during the assembly process. As this occurs, one or more of the component layers must be deformed. Some such connectors also rely upon radial deformation of component layers, such as an outer sheath, to maintain the necessary integrity of the union of the connector and cable. 
         [0005]    Cable, such as coaxial cable, currently exists with a range of different properties, which may be attributable to different grade, quality, or configuration. As a result of these differences, and potentially the nature of the connector itself, the required magnitude of the assembly forces may vary over a wide range. For example, the elasticity and hardness of component layers may be significantly different from one cable to the next. Generally, lower elasticity necessitates a greater assembly force to press one or more connector parts between adjacent cable layers. A harder sheath layer necessitates greater force application to produce the requisite gripping deformation of that layer. Corrugated connectors add another dimension to the assembly challenge. 
         [0006]    Heretofore, compression tools have commonly been designed to be hand-holdable to facilitate on-site connector assembly. Some such tools are made with two graspable handles that are relatively pivoted to apply a captive, compressive force between parts of at least two components on the connector. The tools commonly use a toggle arrangement to exploit mechanical advantage. 
         [0007]    While the above type of compression tool is generally effective, it has a number of limitations. Even though these tools are normally designed to be operable through a gripping force applied through a user&#39;s one hand, a certain and significant hand strength is required to move the connector parts to the extent required to properly complete assembly. Failure to apply the requisite force may compromise the assembly process, which could result in improper sealing, improper connection, or in a worst case, a failed connection. 
         [0008]    Some users may not have the requisite strength to effectively use this conventional tool configuration. A user&#39;s strength may diminish as he/she fatigues, as after the assembly of numerous connectors through repetitive action. An injury could also compromise a user&#39;s ability to effectively use such tools. 
         [0009]    The above problems are aggravated by the fact that the characteristics of the cable may be undesirably altered by the environment. In very cold conditions, as one might anticipate encountering in outdoor cable servicing, certain materials and component layers become more inelastic and harder. This makes even more difficult the assembly process and may lead to situations wherein either an ineffective assembly is performed or the technician cannot effect the assembly at all. The former may lead to a return service call. The latter may necessitate on-site improvisation using other tools and/or processes to assemble the connector, or a return trip with different equipment. 
         [0010]    In many industries in which cable connectors are applied, such as the communications industry, profit margins are relatively low. To effectively compete, technicians representing businesses must be able to efficiently and effectively carry out installations and repairs. Ineffective tool performance is particularly troublesome in this regard. 
         [0011]    In spite of the above problems associated with compression-type connectors, the industry has yet, to the knowledge of the inventors herein, come up with a tool or method that can be practically used to effect assembly of compression-type connectors requiring the application of large assembly forces. The industry continues to seek out designs that address all of the above problems. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0012]    In one form, the invention is directed to a method of assembling a connector to a cable with a length. The method includes the steps of providing a connector with first and second relatively movable parts; providing an apparatus with a frame defining a bearing surface, a force applying assembly, and an advancing assembly including a threaded component; placing the connector in a pre-assembly position on the cable; reinforcing the first part of the connector against the bearing surface; and turning the threaded component around an axis to thereby advance a part of the force applying assembly against the connector in a line that is substantially parallel to the length of the cable to thereby cause the first and second parts to be relatively moved from a pre-assembly state into an assembled state, wherein the connector is mechanically and electrically connected to the cable. 
         [0013]    In one form, the step of providing an apparatus involves providing an apparatus wherein the threaded component is threadably connected directly to the frame. 
         [0014]    In one form, the step of reinforcing the first part of the connector involves reinforcing the first part of the connector directly against the frame. 
         [0015]    In one form, the step of providing an apparatus involves providing an apparatus with a single piece that defines the part of the force applying assembly and the threaded component. 
         [0016]    In one form, the step of providing an apparatus involves providing an apparatus with a self-powered drive that is operated to turn the threaded component around the axis. 
         [0017]    In one form, the step of providing an apparatus involves providing an apparatus with a turning tool that can be engaged with the threaded component. 
         [0018]    In one form, the step of providing an apparatus involves providing an apparatus wherein the frame has a wall that extends substantially continuously around a cavity within which the first and second connector parts and the part of the force applying assembly reside. 
         [0019]    In one form, the step of providing an apparatus involves providing an apparatus wherein the frame has a discrete opening defining a cradle for the cable. 
         [0020]    In one form, the step of providing an apparatus involves providing an apparatus wherein the frame has a rectangular shape around the cavity with a long dimension and a short dimension. The length of the cable in the cradle is parallel to the long dimension and is substantially coincident with the axis around which the threaded component is turned. 
         [0021]    In one form, the step of providing an apparatus involves providing an apparatus wherein the frame defines a U-shaped receptacle extending substantially fully between locations at which the part of the force applying assembly engages the connector and at which the connector is reinforced. 
         [0022]    In one form, the step of providing an apparatus involves providing an apparatus wherein the apparatus has an overall cylindrical shape between ends of the apparatus spaced parallel to the length of the cable. 
         [0023]    In one form, the step of providing an apparatus involves providing an apparatus wherein the frame has a discrete opening that defines a cradle for the cable and at least one repositionable component. The method further includes the step of moving the repositionable component to thereby maintain the cable in the cradle. 
         [0024]    In one form, the step of providing an apparatus involves providing an apparatus with a handle portion that can be surroundingly grasped in a user&#39;s hand. The method further includes the step of grasping the handle portion as the threaded component is turned around the axis. 
         [0025]    The invention also is directed to a combination including: a) a cable having a length; b) a connector having an axis and first and second parts that are relatively movable along the axis between a pre-assembly state and an assembled state, with the connector mechanically and electrically connected to the cable with the first and second parts in the assembled state; and c) an apparatus for repositioning the first and second parts to thereby change the first and second parts from the pre-assembly state into the assembly state. The apparatus has a frame defining a bearing surface for reinforcing the connector and a threaded component that is turned to advance a part against the reinforced connector in a direction parallel to the length of the cable. 
         [0026]    In one form, the frame has a portion that is graspable in a hand of a user as the apparatus is operated to change the state of the first and second parts. 
         [0027]    In one form, the frame has a discrete opening that defines a cradle for the cable. 
         [0028]    In one form, the frame has a wall that extends continuously around a cavity within which the first and second components reside. 
         [0029]    In one form the invention further includes a self-powered tool that is operated to turn the threaded component. 
         [0030]    The invention is further directed to the combination of: a) a cable; b) a connector having an axis and first and second parts that are relatively movable along the axis between a pre-assembly state and an assembled state, with the connector mechanically and electrically connected to the cable with the first and second parts in the assembled state; and c) an apparatus for assembling the connector to the cable. The apparatus has: i) a frame; ii) structure on the frame for supporting the cable and connector in an operative position; and iii) structure on the frame for changing the parts on the connector in the operative position from the pre-assembly state into the assembled state. 
         [0031]    In one form, the cable is a coaxial cable. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0032]      FIG. 1  is a schematic representation of an exemplary cable and connector that can be assembled according to the invention; 
           [0033]      FIG. 2  is a perspective view of one form of inventive apparatus for assembling a connector, as in  FIG. 1 , to a cable and with the apparatus in a first state; 
           [0034]      FIG. 3  is a view as in  FIG. 2  wherein a force applying assembly has been advanced towards a location where the connector resides preparatory to assembly; and 
           [0035]      FIG. 4  is a perspective view of a modified form of inventive apparatus. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
       [0036]    Referring initially to  FIG. 1 , one connector  10  is shown in schematic form to represent a universe of compression-type connectors that are assembled to a cable  12  and to which the present invention is directed. The connector  10  consists of at least first and second parts  14 ,  16 . At least one of the first and second parts  14 ,  16  defines a receptacle into which the cable  12  can be preliminarily directed into a pre-assembly position. By thereafter relatively moving the first and second parts  14 ,  16 , the connector  10  becomes mechanically and/or electrically connected to the cable  12 . The precise nature of the connector  10  is not critical to the present invention. The invention can be practiced with virtually any type of connector  10  that requires forced relative movement of first and second parts along a line generally parallel to the cable length to effect assembly. 
         [0037]    In  FIGS. 2 and 3 , one specific form of apparatus, for assembling the connector  10  to the cable  12 , is shown at  20 . The apparatus  20  has a frame  22  with a wall  24  that extends continuously around a cavity  26  within which the connector parts  14 ,  16  reside with the cable  12  and connector parts  14 ,  16  in an operative position preparatory to final assembly of the connector  10 . In the operative position, shown schematically in  FIG. 2 , the cable  12  projects into a receptacle defined by at least one of the first and second parts  14 ,  16 . With the cable  12  and connector  10  so engaged, the connector  10  is situated in the cavity  26  so that the first connector part  14  abuts to a bearing surface  28  bounding a portion of the cavity  26 . With the cable  12  and connector  10  in the operative position, the cable  12  projects through a discrete opening  30  in the frame  22  that defines a cradle for the cable  12 . 
         [0038]    A force applying assembly  32  is associated with an advancing assembly  34  that includes a threaded component  36  that engages cooperating threads (not shown) on the frame  22  for turning around an axis  38 . The axis  38  is shown to be substantially coincident with the central axis of the cable  12 , with the cable  12  and connector  10  in the operative position. 
         [0039]    Turning of the threaded component  36  in one direction around the axis  38  causes a leading part  40  of the force applying assembly  32 , that resides within the cavity  26 , to be advanced axially, as indicated by the arrow  42 , from a starting position in  FIG. 2 , to and potentially beyond the  FIG. 3  position. Continued turning of the threaded component  36  causes the leading part  40  to bear forcibly against the second connector part  16 , which is thereby advanced towards the first connector part  14  that is reinforced by the bearing surface  28  on the frame  22 . With the connector preliminarily joined to the cable  12  and the connector parts  14 ,  16  in the pre-assembly state, continued advancement of the leading part  40  of the force applying assembly  32  causes the connector parts  14 , 16  to relatively move, thereby to place the connector parts  14 ,  16  in the assembled state. 
         [0040]    In this embodiment, the frame  22  has a rectangular shape with a long dimension, as indicated by the double-headed arrow  44 , and a short dimension, as indicated by the double-headed arrow  46 . The components are arranged so that the length of the cable  12 , in the operative position, and the axis  38 , run substantially parallel to the long dimension of the frame  22 . 
         [0041]    With this arrangement, potentially the frame  22  has a shape that can be grasped in a hand of a user as the threaded component  36  is turned to assemble the connector  10  to the cable  12 . To facilitate turning of the threaded component  36 , a cylindrical portion  48  of the component  36  is provided with a through cross bore  50 . The cross bore  50  defines a receiver for a turning tool  52  that, in its simplest form, might be an elongate rod. A screwdriver could be used for this purpose. Alternatively, the turning tool  52 , or the portion  48  itself, might be more refined in form and customized to allow comfortable grasping and repositioning to effect turning of the threaded component  36 . 
         [0042]    With the design shown, a single piece defines that part of the advancing assembly  34  consisting of the threaded component  36  and at least part of the force applying assembly  32 . This single piece might be stored in the cavity  26  to compact the overall shape of the apparatus, as for storage. A separate frame bore  54  is located to register with the cross bore  50 , as to allow the aforementioned turning tool  52 , or some other component, to be directed therethrough to releasably maintain the tool  52  and frame  22  in a stored state. 
         [0043]    The turning tool  52  may alternatively be in the form of a self-powered drive that is operated to effect appropriate turning of the threaded component  36 . For example, the powered tool  52  might be a drill or other structure that can be connected to turn the threaded component  36 . 
         [0044]    A typical method of assembling the connector  10  to the cable  12  will now be described. The connector  10  is placed in the aforementioned pre-assembly position on the cable  12 . The cable  12  and connector  10  are placed in an operative position wherein the cable  12  projects through the discrete opening  30  and the first connector part  14  abuts to the bearing surface  28  on the frame  22  to be supported thereby. The threaded component  36  is either manually turned or turned using a self-powered drive. This advances the leading part  40  of the force applying assembly  32  progressively towards and eventually against the second connector part  16 . Continued advancement of the leading part  40  causes the first and second connector parts  14 ,  16  to be relatively moved from the pre-assembly state into the assembled state, wherein the connector  10  is mechanically and/or electrically connected to the cable  12 . 
         [0045]    The leading part  40  on the force applying assembly  32  has an undercut seat  56  against which the second connector part  16  seats. An annular rim  58  around the seat  56  performs a centering function to maintain the cable  12  and connector  10  at least nominally coincident with the axis  38 . 
         [0046]    In  FIG. 4 , a modified form of the apparatus  20  is shown at  20 ′. Parts in  FIG. 4 , corresponding to those in  FIG. 2 , are identified with the same numbers and a “′” designation. The apparatus  20 ′ has an overall cylindrical shape between its lengthwise ends  60 ,  62 . At the one end  60 , a handle part  64  is provided. The handle part  64  has a cylindrical shape that can be surroundingly grasped in a hand of a user while the apparatus  20 ′ is being used. A U-shaped receptacle  66  is provided fully between locations where a leading part  40 ′ of a corresponding force applying assembly  32 ′ may engage the connector  10  and where the connector  10  is supported at a bearing surface  28 ′. The frame  22 ′ has a discrete opening  30 ′ that defines a cradle for the cable  12  with the cable  12  and connector  10  in a corresponding operative position. 
         [0047]    The advancing assembly  34 ′ may be hand operated or controlled through a like turning tool  52 ′ that may be one that is manually operated or one that is self-powered, as for the tool  52 . 
         [0048]    With the construction in  FIG. 4 , the cable  12  can be pressed into the cradle defined by the discrete opening  30 ′ so that the connector, in its pre-assembly position, resides within the receptacle  66  corresponding to the cavity  26 . The receptacle  66  performs the same function as the cavity  26  with the exception that a surface  70  bounding the receptacle  66  additionally supports the connector  10  with the connector parts  14 ,  16  in both the pre-assembly and assembled states. 
         [0049]    With the cable  12  nested in the cradle defined by the opening  30 ′, one or more repositionable components  72  can be directed through threaded bores  74 ,  76  to block the cable  12  in the cradle. 
         [0050]    The assembly process is otherwise carried out using the apparatus  20 ′ in the same manner as for the apparatus  20 . 
         [0051]    The invention contemplates numerous variations from the structure specifically disclosed. For example, the first cable part  14  may be reinforced indirectly, as through the cable  12 . This type of indirect reinforcement is contemplated to be within the inventive teachings. 
         [0052]    While both embodiments of the apparatus  20 ,  20 ′ are hand-holdable, this is not a requirement. This configuration is preferred because the overall apparatus  20 ,  20 ′ can be conveniently stored, transported and handled in operation. 
         [0053]    Within the description of “threads” is contemplated structure that permits turning using components with a steep rise, whereby multiple turns of components may be avoided. 
         [0054]    The foregoing disclosure of specific embodiments is intended to be illustrative of the broad concepts comprehended by the invention.