Abstract:
A pressurized ventilation system for providing air to the body of an individual wearing the ventilation system to regulate the individual&#39;s body temperature is provided. The ventilation system includes the use of an air bladder defining an enclosed volume wherein there is located a plurality of channels for permitting airflow throughout the air bladder. The channels include a plurality of spaced apart apertures, which permit the escape of air out of the air bladder to the body of the individual wearing the ventilation system.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION  
         [0001]    The present invention relates generally to apparel ventilation systems, and more particularly, to air bladder systems that may be incorporated with any apparel, accessory, or protective equipment to provide pressurized airflow to moderate the temperature of an individual.  
         BACKGROUND  
         [0002]    Many professionals work in conditions where the usage of apparel and equipment prevent relief from extreme temperatures. For example, fire fighters and racecar drivers have to wear protective clothing that is heavy and impervious to moisture and gases. Many athletes wear heavy equipment, such as football or hockey protective gear. Such heavy equipment or protective clothing can lead to a person&#39;s body overheating.  
           [0003]    In order to prevent overheating, ventilation systems have been developed that attempt to provide air flow to cool an individual in this type of situation. However these known systems have prohibitive drawbacks. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,738,119 to Zafred discloses a system, which uses high-pressure, porous tubes placed throughout insulating layers in a garment. Liquid carbon dioxide is added to the tubes, which is released in gaseous form to cool the wearer of the garment. However, the bulky tubing throughout the garment can be rigid and cause inflexibility of the garment and also discomfort for the wearer. For example, this type of tubing could injure a football player who is constantly hit and thrown to the ground. Because the tubes can be rigid and inflexible, there exists the possibility that the tubes will deteriorate and need to be replaced more often than a non-rigid type of device. In addition, the tubing and insulating layers surrounding the tubing add bulk to the cooling device creating heavier clothing and increasing the amount of cooling to be done. Further, the system does not always fit into the apparel or equipment for which the system may be required. The cooling system disclosed in Zafred also includes numerous parts, which require assembly, therefore, making it more expensive to manufacture.  
           [0004]    Another known system is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,970,519 to Weber. The Weber patent discloses a two-layered garment for the medical profession with an outer layer being impermeable to air and an inner layer being air permeable. Air flows between the layers and reaches the body of the wearer through the inner, permeable layer. A disadvantage of this type of system is that there is no directed air flow. Additionally, if too much air is supplied to the garment, the amount of air holes throughout the garment may cause the garment to inflate, causing discomfort or inflexibility to the wearer. Also, due to the number of holes in the garment, a very large amount of air may be needed for the wearer to feel any type of cooling sensation.  
           [0005]    Consequently, there exists a need for an apparel ventilation system that overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art.  
         BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0006]    The present invention overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art by providing a ventilation system that delivers conditioned pressurized airflow for the regulation and/or moderation of temperature of the human body. The present invention provides a ventilation system that is not thick and bulky and can, therefore, lie flat when it is not in use. The present invention also provides a ventilation system that is comfortable to the user and has good air flow characteristics. The present invention further provides a ventilation system that has fewer parts and solid fittings, a simpler assembly and is, therefore, less expensive to manufacture.  
           [0007]    Briefly, the present invention is directed to a pressurized ventilation system for providing air to a body of an individual wearing the ventilation system to regulate the temperature of the body. The ventilation system may comprise an air bladder defining an enclosed volume formed by a first wall and a second wall, the air bladder having a plurality of channels located between the first and second walls for permitting air flow throughout the air bladder, the channels include a plurality of apertures which extend through the first wall for permitting the escape of air out of the air bladder through the first wall. The ventilation system also includes a device for providing pressurized air to the air bladder. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0008]    The invention will be better understood from consideration of the following description and the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, the following figures have the following general nature:  
         [0009]    [0009]FIG. 1 is a front view of an embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0010]    [0010]FIG. 2 is a rear view of invention in FIG. 1.  
         [0011]    [0011]FIG. 3 shows an exemplary application of the invention of FIG. 1.  
         [0012]    [0012]FIG. 4 shows another exemplary application of the invention. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION  
       [0013]    Referring to the drawings, there is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 an exemplary embodiment of a ventilation system  10  of the present invention. The ventilation system  10  may be incorporated with, or attached to, any apparel, accessory or protective equipment, including, by way of example and not limitation, shirts, pants, jackets, hats, protective sports equipment, helmets, headgear, body suits, shoes, boots, gloves, pouches, capes, blankets, cushions, or any item used by an individual to which the regulation or moderation of the temperature of the body is desired. The ventilation system  10  may be used to accelerate the body&#39;s natural ability to cool itself with perspiration by using convection or evaporation to wick away perspiration from the wearer of the system. It should be understood that the ventilation system  10  may also be used to warm the body.  
         [0014]    As depicted, the ventilation system  10  includes an air bladder  12 , which is operatively connected to a source of air flow, for example, an air compressor, which may provide warm or cool air. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that other sources of airflow may be used with the present invention. The air bladder  12  may include an inner wall  14  and an outer wall  16 . The inner and outer walls  14 ,  16  may be placed on top of one another and welded together, preferably using radio frequency (RF) welding, to form and define a volume having a network of channels  18  within the air bladder. While thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) is preferred to form the inner and outer walls  14 ,  16  of the air bladder  12 , any thermoplastic or similar material that is RF weldable and impermeable to air could be used with the present invention. With the use of TPU or a similar material to form the walls, the resulting air bladder  12  is flexible and flat making the device comfortable for the wearer. In an exemplary embodiment, the thickness of each wall is about 0.018 inches. However, the thickness may vary depending on the strength of the material and the air pressure used. Preferably, each wall has a thickness within the range of about 0.018 to 0.050 inches thick.  
         [0015]    The channels  18  permit the air provided by the air source to flow throughout the air bladder  12 . As preferred, the channels are operatively joined at a central location  21  so that a single source of airflow may be used with the ventilation system to effectively warm or cool the individual. Each channel defines an end open  23  and a closed end  25 . The open end is operatively connected to the central location  21  and the closed end directs the airflow out through a plurality of apertures  22 . In other words, airflow from a source of air is directed from the central location to the network of channels and out through a plurality of apertures  20  to cool or warm the body. In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIGS.  1 - 3 , the configuration of the channels  18  is important to cool or warm the major muscle groups in the chest.  
         [0016]    In one embodiment of the invention, the excess material between the channels is removed by a trim-out procedure. The removal of the excess material helps ventilate the wearer. When the excess material is removed, horizontal ribs  19  remain between the channels  18  which form at least one opening  17  between the channels  18  and the ribs  19 . The horizontal ribs  19  help keep the channels from becoming twisted.  
         [0017]    The inner wall  14 , which faces the body of the wearer, contains the plurality of apertures  20  in the channels  18  through which air may escape from the air bladder  12  to reach the body of the wearer of the garment. The apertures  20  may be formed by any known manufacturing method, such as, by a hole punch. While the apertures  20  may be any size which would allow cooling or heating of the wearer of the ventilation system  10 , tests have shown that to optimize the flow characteristics of the ventilation system  10 , apertures of approximately 0.062 inches in diameter should be used.  
         [0018]    As noted above, the air bladder  12  is operatively connected to a source of air flow. The outer wall  16  contains a fitting  22 , which operatively connects the ventilation system  10  to an air source. It should be understood that the fitting  22  may be any valve or connection to a source of airflow that may be further used to regulate the flow of air from the air source. As depicted, the fitting  22  is a valve into which one end of a hollow barbed member may be inserted. The other end of the hollow barbed member may be inserted into tubing, which is connected directly to the air source.  
         [0019]    To optimize the flow characteristics of the ventilation system  10 , the fitting  22  should be placed in a location central to the channels  18 . In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the fitting  22  is placed at the top of the air bladder  12  central to the channels  18  to allow easy access to hook up the air source and prevent interference with the wearer&#39;s equipment. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the ventilation system may be used with a helmet or other headgear and the fitting might be placed at the bottom of the air bladder to allow for easy access to the air source without removing the helmet from the wearer&#39;s head. It should be apparent to those skilled in the art that the location of the fitting  22  depends on the type of garment or equipment with which the ventilation system is used. Optimally, the fitting should be placed so that it does not interfere with the wearer&#39;s apparel or other equipment.  
         [0020]    Although the present invention could be used with a number of different types of air sources, FIG. 3 depicts a standard air compressor that has been shown to achieve the objectives of the present invention. The present invention is designed to work with straight compressed air with pressure in the range of 40 to 100 PSI (pounds per square inch), ideally using around 90 PSI. It will be understood that other fluids may be used with the invention, including dehumidified air to provide the desired cooling or heating effect.  
         [0021]    The ventilation system  10  can be attached to a garment or equipment in a variety of ways known in the art. For example, the ventilation system  10  could be attached using hooks and loops, buttons or snaps. The ventilation system  10  could also be sewn into the garment or equipment. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other methods of attaching the ventilation system  10  to a garment or piece of equipment may be used.  
         [0022]    It will be recognized that the illustrated embodiments can be modified in arrangement and detail without departing from the scope of the present invention. For example, in the case of firefighters or racecar drivers, a fireproofing process or material with a high melting point could be used with the invention. Therefore, to particularly point out and distinctly claim the subject matter regarded as the invention, the following claims conclude the specification.