Abstract:
A telecommunications device for a telecommunications network comprises a controller configured to enable or disable said telecommunications device to reception and/or transmission of telecommunications data. The controller is further configured to generate a plurality of keep-alive signals for the telecommunications device. The telecommunications device is disabled to reception or transmission of said telecommunications data if no keep-alive signal is received by the telecommunications device after a predetermined time.

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
       [0001]    The present invention relates to protection schemes for telecommunications networks which employ virtual switches. In particular, the invention regards telecommunications devices, networks and methods which use virtual switches for switching data to a back-up telecommunications resource when a fault occurs. 
       BACKGROUND 
       [0002]    In modern telecommunications networks, traffic needs to be protected against failures in order to give very high service availability. 
         [0003]    Transmission resources are accordingly redundant and back-up resources are provided in addition to service resources. A failure is recovered in a very short time by routing traffic from the faulty service resource to a back-up resource. 
         [0004]    Routing of traffic is often made by means of physical switches, electronic or even electro-mechanic, which disconnect the faulty resource and connect the back-up one. 
         [0005]    In some cases there are no physical switches and the routing of traffic from the faulty resource to the back-up resource is done by a simultaneous turning on/turning off of transceiver of the back-up/backed-up resource. Such simultaneous switching is referred to as virtual switch. 
         [0006]    Examples of virtual switches can be found in radio equipment protection where the air interface is common to service and back-up radio equipment. Other virtual switches can be found in protection equipment of electrical and optical interfaces based on external power splitters and combiners. These elements are provided externally to the equipment in order to maximize the fault coverage, placing the switch element at the extreme edge of the unit to protect. As in radio protection, in these cases service and back-up resources share the same physical medium, i.e. the same electrical or optical line. 
         [0007]    A key aspect of protection schemes is robustness, namely, the ability of the protection scheme to accomplish the protection switching action in any failure scenario. Robustness can be impaired by a number of reasons, among which there is the incomplete control of the protection switch because, for instance, of the unavailability of controllers involved in the protection operations. 
         [0008]    Once the switching action is performed by means of physical switches, unavailability of the control chain is not a big issue because a physical switch features only two states so that service is assigned in a mutually exclusive way to only one of the two resources. 
         [0009]    The situation is completely different in case of the switch is a virtual switch rather than a physical switch. 
         [0010]      FIG. 1  depicts a known protection group based on virtual switches, where only one working resource  1  to be backed-up and one back-up resource  2  are shown. In the figure, the two resources  1  and  2  are connected at one end to a same communication medium (e.g. air, an optical fiber, or an electrical cable) as if a virtual switch  3  were present for switching traffic to/from the active resource  1  or  2 , while at the other end a physical switch  4  is provided, which can be physically operated for switching traffic from/to the active resource  1  or  2 . 
         [0011]    This configuration is a typical one: virtual switches are usually present only at one side of the resource, while physical switches are at the other side, normally inside the equipment. 
         [0012]    In order to implement a virtual switch  3 , each of the resources  1  and  2  comprises a controller for switching on or switching off the corresponding transceiver or other active elements of the resource and, accordingly, enabling or disabling the entire resource to reception/transmission of telecommunications data. 
         [0013]    The transceiver or the active elements of the resource are set active, in a nearly static way, by turning on the transceiver, while the protection is set inactive by setting off the transceiver. 
         [0014]    Once a protection switching is requested, the controllers take care of switching the traffic by reversing the setting of both transceivers. Occurrence of a protection switching is a very rare event so that setting is assumed to be nearly static. 
         [0015]    A virtual switch is the result of two coordinated, but distinct, actions: turning off active elements in the faulty resource  1  and turning on active elements in the back-up resource  2 . 
         [0016]    Failure of one of this actions leads to an inconsistent status, both resource active or inactive, with subsequent service disruption. An inconsistent status needs an intervention by an operator to manually recover proper operation. 
         [0017]    As already mentioned above, these inconsistent scenarios may happen in case of unavailability of one of the controllers just because of the failure. Even a communication failure between controllers can lead to inconsistent status of the virtual switch. The scenario can be further complicated when a plurality of controllers are present as it happens in complex protection schemes. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0018]    It is an object of the invention to obviate at least some of the above drawbacks and provide an improved device and method particularly suitable to prevent inconsistent status in protection schemes employing virtual switches. 
         [0019]    This object and other objects which will become better apparent hereinafter are solved by a telecommunications device for a telecommunications network, which comprises a controller configured to enable or disable said telecommunications device to reception and/or transmission of telecommunications data. The controller is configured to generate a plurality of consecutive keep-alive signals for the telecommunications device. The telecommunications device also comprises means for disabling the telecommunications device to reception and/or transmission of the telecommunications data if no keep-alive signal is received by the telecommunications device after a predetermined time. 
         [0020]    Each keep-alive signal of said plurality of keep-alive signals preferably consists of one pulse or a digital signal. 
         [0021]    The telecommunications device may comprise a traffic processing unit for processing the telecommunications data. In this case, the means for disabling the telecommunications device may comprise a transceiving unit connected to the traffic processing unit for interfacing the traffic processing unit to a communication medium of the telecommunication network. The controller may he connected to such transceiving unit and comprise means for sending the keep-alive signals to the transceiving unit at predetermined instants or on a periodic basis. 
         [0022]    The transceiving unit may be configured to remain switched on as long as it receives keep-alive signals and to switch off itself if no keep-alive signal from the controller is received after the above predetermined time. 
         [0023]    Advantageously, the transceiving unit may comprise a counter or a monostable circuit for switching off the transceiving unit if no keep-alive signal from the controller is received after the above predetermined time. 
         [0024]    Preferably, the controller is configured to generate the keep-alive signals on a periodic basis, such that the time distance between any two adjacent keep-alive signals is less than the predetermined time. 
         [0025]    The above aim and objects of the invention are achieved by a telecommunications network comprising at least one working telecommunications device which is normally active and at least one back-up telecommunications device which is nonnally disabled. The working telecommunications device and the back-up telecommunications devices are connected to a same communication medium of the telecommunications network and are configured to implement a virtual switch for switching telecommunications data from the working telecommunications device to the back-up telecommunications device when a fault occurs. The working telecommunications device comprises a controller configured to enable or disable the working telecommunications device to reception and/or transmission of telecommunications data from and to the communication medium. In accordance with the invention, such controller is further configured to generate a plurality of consecutive keep-alive signals for the working telecommunications device and the working telecommunications device comprises means for disabling itself to reception and/or transmission of the telecommunications data if it receives no keep-alive signal after a predetermined time. 
         [0026]    The working telecommunications device may comprise the same features of the telecommunications device described above. In particular, it may comprise a traffic processing unit for processing the telecommunications data. The means for disabling the working telecommunications device may comprise a first transceiving unit connected to the traffic processing unit for interfacing the traffic processing unit to the communication medium of the telecommunications network. The controller of the working telecommunications device may be connected to such first transceiving unit and comprising means for sending said keep-alive signals to said transceiving unit at predetermined instants or on a periodic basis. 
         [0027]    Similarly, the back-up telecommunications device may comprise a back-up traffic processing unit, a second transceiving unit and a second controller. The back-up traffic processing unit is preferably configured as the traffic processing unit of the respective working telecommunications device so as to operate as the respective working telecommunications device when the latter is disabled. 
         [0028]    In this case, the second transceiving unit of the back-up telecommunications device may be connected to the back-up traffic processing unit for interfacing the back-up traffic processing unit to the communication medium of the telecommunications network. The second controller, instead, may be connected to the second transceiving unit and comprise means for sending keep-alive signals to the second transceiving unit at predetermined instants or on a periodic basis. 
         [0029]    The first or the second transceiving units may be configured to remain switched on as long as it receives keep-alive signals and to switch off itself if no keep-alive signal is received after the predetermined time from the respective controller to which the first or second transceiving unit is connected. 
         [0030]    Such controller may be configured to generate keep-alive signals on a periodic basis, such that the time distance between any two adjacent keep-alive signals is less than the above predetermined time. 
         [0031]    Moreover, the aim and the objects of the invention are achieved by a method for implementing a protection scheme in a telecommunications network which comprises at least one working telecommunications device and at least one back-up telecommunications device connected to a same communication medium of the telecommunications network. In the method, a plurality of consecutive keep-alive signals is supplied to the working telecommunications device, which is disabled if no keep-alive signal is received by the working telecommunications device after a predetermined time. If so, the back-up telecommunications device is enabled, so as to switch traffic for the working telecommunications device to the back-up telecommunications device. 
         [0032]    For disabling the working telecommunications device, a transceiving unit of the same and connected to the communications medium may be switched off. The keep-alive signals may be supplied to the transceiving unit at predetermined instants or on a periodic basis. 
         [0033]    The time distance between any two adjacent keep-alive signals is preferably less than such predetermined time. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0034]    Further characteristics and advantages of the invention will become better apparent from the detailed description of particular but not exclusive embodiments, illustrated by way of non-limiting examples in the accompanying drawings, wherein: 
           [0035]      FIG. 1  is a prior art telecommunications network employing a virtual switch; 
           [0036]      FIG. 2  shows telecommunications devices implementing a virtual switch according to an embodiment of the invention; 
           [0037]      FIG. 3  shows a time behavior of the keep-alive signal and the activation status of the resource according to an aspect of the invention; 
           [0038]      FIG. 4  shows the time behavior of the keep-alive signal and the activation status of the resource according to a preferred embodiment of the invention; 
           [0039]      FIG. 5  is a possible complex protection architecture employing the invention. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0040]    With reference to  FIG. 2 , a network according to an embodiment of the invention may comprise a working resource  10  and a back-up resource  20 . More in general, in the network there may be any number N of working resources and any number M of back-up resources, with N not necessarily equal to M. 
         [0041]    As in  FIG. 1 , the two resources  10  and  20  are front-end devices which are both connected to a shared communication medium  5 , such as air for radio communications, an optical fiber for optical communications, an electrical cable for other communications. 
         [0042]    At the opposite end of the resources  10  and  20  a physical switch  4  may be provided, e.g. for exchanging digital data with other processing components. 
         [0043]    A virtual switch  3  is implemented in both of the resources for switching traffic to/from the active one of such resources. 
         [0044]    The working resource  10  comprises at least one transceiving unit  11  connected to the communication medium  5  and a traffic processing unit  12  connected to the transceiving unit  11 . 
         [0045]    The transceiving unit  11  is adapted to accept traffic to or from the communication medium  5 , and may be any receiver and/or transmitter apparatus, of the outdoor or the indoor kind, such as an antenna with the respective modem, a laser and the respective driving circuit, or a photodetector. 
         [0046]    Instead, the traffic processing unit  12  is configured so as to receive process traffic data from the transceiving unit  11  or send processed traffic data to the transceiving unit  11 . As shown in  FIG. 2 , the traffic processing unit  12  may be also connected to the physical switch  4 , so as to communicate with other nodes or resources of the network. 
         [0047]    Although they have been depicted separately, the transceiving unit  11  and the traffic processing unit  12  may also be incorporated into a single device or may be even divided out into a number of different devices having specific processing or communication functions. 
         [0048]    The working resource  10  further comprises a controller, such as a microprocessor  13 , which is connected to the transceiving unit  11  and is configured to switch on and switch off the transceiving unit  11 , based on the active status of the working resource  10 . 
         [0049]    A similar configuration may be also provided in the back-up resource  20 . In particular, the back-up resource  20  may comprise a back-up transceiving unit  21  a back-up traffic processing unit  22  and a back-up microprocessor  23  for the activation/deactivation of the transceiving unit  21 . The back-up processing unit  22  may be configured as the traffic processing unit  12 , so that the back-up resource  20 , in the protection mode, processes data exactly as the respective working resource  10 . 
         [0050]    According to the invention, at least the working resource  10  is configured to forcedly be in a known status, the inactive one, whenever the resource  10  is not controllable because of physical faults impairing the communication process and/or the controlling processors themselves. 
         [0051]    To this aim, the microprocessor  13  may be configured to send a keep-alive signal  15  to the respective transceiving unit  11 , either on a periodic basis or at predetermined instants. The microprocessor  23  of the back-up resource  20  may be configured in a similar way, i.e. for sending keep-alive signals  25  to the back-up transceiving unit  21 . 
         [0052]    The keep-alive signal  15 ,  25  may be a pulse, a digital signal having only two amplitude values (high/low), or a message suitably coded so as to be interpreted by the transceiving unit  11 ,  21  as a command for switching on or off the transceiving unit itself. 
         [0053]    On the other hand, the transceiving unit  11  is configured to remain turned on only for a predetermined time t KA  starting from the reception of a keep-alive signal  15  and to turn off itself at the end of the predetermined time t KA  if no more keep-alive signals are received by the transceiving unit  11  ( FIG. 3 ). This configuration may be achieved, for instance, by a suitable counter or an analog monostable circuit provided in the transceiving unit. 
         [0054]    Optionally, the back-up transceiving unit  21  may be similarly configured, so as to remain in the “on” state only for a predetermined time interval and to turn off at the end of such time interval. 
         [0055]    Accordingly, for continuously keeping the resource  10  or  20  in the active status, a plurality of keep-alive signals  15 ,  25  are sent to the respective transceiving unit  11 ,  21  by the respective microprocessor  13 ,  23  so that the time distance R KA  between two adjacent keep-alive signals is less than the keep-alive time t KA . 
         [0056]    Preferably, the microprocessors are configured to generate and send the keep-alive signals  15 ,  25  on a periodic basis, i.e. the time distance R KA  is constant in time, as shown in  FIG. 4 . The value of R KA  is fixed based on the desired protection switch response time. 
         [0057]    The keep-alive signal  15 ,  25  controlling the respective transceiving unit  11 ,  21  is preferably active high in order to supply power to the transceiving unit in the active state. As a consequence, if no keep-alive signals reach the transceiving unit, the latter will turn off because of lack of power supply. 
         [0058]    In order to handle open faults, i.e. the floating state of the pin of the transceiving unit  11  or  21  to which the control line from the microprocessor carrying the keep-alive signals is connected, a pull down resistor may be tied to such control line, so as to force the pin voltage to a known state. 
         [0059]    The keep-alive messaging according to the invention may be used in different arrangements of the communication resources. For instance, with reference to  FIG. 5 , a network employing the invention may comprise a working branch with two working resources  100  and  300  and a back-up branch with two back-up resources  200  and  400 . A virtual switch  30  is implemented through a suitable protection protocol used for communication between the controllers of the resources  100 ,  200 ,  300  and  400 . A physical switch  40  may be connected to the second working resource  300  and the second back-up resource  400 . 
         [0060]    As in the embodiment of  FIG. 2 , the first working resource  100  is connected to the communication medium  5  and comprises a transceiving unit  110 , a traffic processing unit  112  and a microprocessor  113 . Instead, the second working resource  300  comprises a second traffic processing unit  312  connected to the traffic processing unit  112  of the first working resource, so that in normal conditions processed traffic data can be transmitted from one traffic processing unit to the other for further elaboration. 
         [0061]    Similarly, the first back-up resource  200  comprises a transceiving unit  210 , a back-up traffic processing unit  212  and a microprocessor  213  and is connected to the same communication medium  5  as the first working resource  100 . 
         [0062]    The second back-up resource  400  may comprise a second traffic processing unit  412  connected to the traffic processing unit  212  of the first back-up resource  200  so that, when the virtual switch  30  enables the back-up branch  200 ,  400  and disables the working branch  100 ,  300 , processed traffic data can be transmitted from one back-up unit to the other for performing the same elaboration of the working branch  100 ,  300 . 
         [0063]    The working and back-up resources further comprise respective controllers, such as microprocessors  113 ,  213 ,  313  and  413 , which are connected to one another and can communicate via suitable protection protocol of a known kind for implementing a protection scheme. In the embodiment of  FIG. 5 , it is noted that the microprocessor  313  of the second working resource  300  is connected to both the microprocessor  113  of the first working resource  100  and the microprocessor  413  of the second back-up resource  400 , which is also connected to the microprocessor  213  of the first back-up resource  200 . 
         [0064]    The operation of the embodiment of  FIG. 5  is as follows. During normal conditions, microprocessor  313  periodically sends keep-alive signals to the transceiving unit  110  via microprocessor  113 . 
         [0065]    If a fault occurs at microprocessor  113 , the keep-alive signals cannot be forwarded to the transceiving unit  110 , which will accordingly turn off, disabling the working resource  100 . 
         [0066]    Similarly, if a fault occurs at microprocessor  313  or in the communication line or channel connecting microprocessor  313  with microprocessor  113 , the keep-alive signals will not reach the transceiving unit  110 , which will turn off and accordingly disable the working resource  100 . 
         [0067]    In both cases, the protection protocol used between the microprocessors  113 ,  213 ,  313  and  413  will handle these fault situation in a known way, by activating the back-up branch. 
         [0068]    It has been shown that the invention fully achieves the intended aim. In particular, the invention avoids inconsistent states of the virtual switch by pursuing an absolute control of the same. A dynamic setting of the transceiver status is obtained, which is robust and effective irrespective of the number of processors used in the control of the protection scheme. 
         [0069]    Clearly, several modifications will be apparent to and can he readily made by the skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of the claims shall not be limited by the illustrations or the preferred embodiments given in the description in the form of examples, but rather the claims shall encompass all of the features of patentable novelty that reside in the present invention, including all the features that would be treated as equivalents by the skilled in the art. 
         [0070]    Where technical features mentioned in any claim are followed by reference signs, those reference signs have been included for the sole purpose of increasing the intelligibility of the claims and accordingly, such reference signs do not have any limiting effect on the interpretation of each element identified by way of example by such reference signs.