Abstract:
A damping system that incorporates a base plate and a hanger with an axle for receiving at least one wheel and a damping element coupling a skateboard deck or the base plate to the hanger and operable to retain the hanger in a normal alignment by introducing a resistance to the motion of the deck or base plate toward or away from the hanger for delaying, reducing, or preventing a speed wobble condition commonly encountered in skateboarding when traveling at a high rate of speed.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The present invention relates generally to the field of skateboarding and, more particularly, to truck assemblies for use when skateboarding at high rates of speed. 
     2. Background 
     Skateboarding has become one of the more popular activities requiring a recreational device used by a rider to move across a solid support surface. A conventional skateboard typically includes a narrow, elongated platform or deck with an uppermost riding surface and a bottom surface to which a pair of wheel assemblies may be attached. The deck is sufficiently sized to allow the rider to be able to place at least a portion of both feet on the uppermost surface when riding the skateboard. 
     While initial skateboard decks were generally planar and made primarily out of wood of a single layer, more modern skateboard decks are known to incorporate laminated forms of two or more layers in a variety of non-planar shapes, including having a generally upwardly bent nose and/or tail end, and may be made out of a variety of different types of materials, including various metal, thermoplastic and composite materials. 
     The incorporation of wheels allows the skateboard to roll across a support surface due to gravity and/or a propelling action by the rider. As well known by persons familiar with skateboards, the rider also typically uses one foot to push against the ground in order to propel the skateboard and uses his or her body to tilt the deck to change the skateboard&#39;s direction of travel. 
     The typical wheel assembly used on most conventional skateboards includes a truck assembly with a baseplate secured to the bottom surface of the deck and a pair of wheels rotatably supported by the truck assembly. The typical skateboard truck assembly (the “truck”) includes a hanger that may be secured to the baseplate by a kingpin, one or more compressible bushings which permit the hanger to pivot relative to the baseplate and the deck, and an axle which is supported by the hanger. One wheel is rotatably connected to each of the distal ends of the axle with each wheel being free to spin independently. 
     For the conventional skateboard, there is typically a wheel and truck assembly located toward the front and back ends of the deck and the truck assemblies are fixedly attached to their respective baseplates with mechanical connectors, such as rivets, screws, bolts and/or specially configured adhesives. The pivoting motion allows the rider to tilt the deck and gain more control of the skateboard&#39;s movement. Often, the wheels of a conventional skateboard are made out of polyurethane or like materials and the various structural components of the truck assembly are made out of metal, such as aluminum or steel, or various composites. 
     Each pair of wheels is typically mounted on a single axle per truck that is substantially parallel to the riding surface. While the typical direction of travel for a skateboard is along the longitudinal axis of the deck, the axles may be displaced by tilting the board as the rider leans thereby causing the hangers to pivot relative to the deck and orienting the wheels so that they steer the skateboard generally along the circumference of a circle in the direction of the lean or tilt. 
     While the foregoing generally describes a conventional skateboard, skateboards have continued to evolve as companies try to make them lighter and stronger, and continue to try to improve on their performance. As skateboards developed and improved in performance, riders continue to push the limits. One place to push the limit is on a slope or hill and many seek such locations out specifically to ride fast. When the rider rolls down the slope, he or she typically controls the speed of the skateboard by performing a generally zigzag or carving movement that slows the speed of the skateboard, thereby allowing the rider to safely control the skateboard. Alternatively, dragging one foot may be useful in controlling speed. Often, riders uncomfortable with higher speeds will simply walk down the hill or start a lower section of the hill until a certain level of confidence and skill is attained. 
     Besides maintaining control at higher speeds under normal conditions, when riding straight downhill or being pulled at high speeds, riders often encounter an undesirable condition known as “speed wobble” (also known as shimmy, wheel wobble, or death wobble) wherein the wheels and hanger begins to rock, tilt, and twist relative to the deck. In general, speed wobble describes the undesirable back and forth oscillation of the hanger and attached wheels of the skateboard creating a growing instability. This further leads to a rocking deck as each time the hanger tilts or pivots from a straight ahead (normal) alignment, the deck rocks to one side and then the other due to the oscillation which then typically increases in amplitude. The feedback from the wheels as they roll across the support surface exacerbates the problem. As the deck begins to tilt up and down an undesirable turning motion (both roll and yaw may be impacted) may be introduced and must be corrected to maintain control. Instead, typically, the rider over-corrects or cannot correct fast enough. Moreover, once a critical speed is reached, the oscillations may be too great to correct. This can occur both on long boards and regular sized skateboards. 
     To deal with speed wobble, riders are often advised to tighten the trucks. However, this only helps to a certain extent and reduces the ability to steer and maneuver and successfully make turns. Maintaining loose trucks may allow for greater maneuverability but facilitates wobble. In other words, stability may be traded for maneuverability, which is not desirable in most skateboarding scenarios. However, speed wobble is particularly dangerous when riding downhill and most riders may be ejected off a skateboard due to speed wobble, sometimes with serious results. 
     Speed wobble may also occur when the rider is not comfortable thus tensing the muscles in his or her ankles which causes the rider to over-correct his or her movements. This in turn may cause the rider&#39;s body and board to turn from side to side uncontrollably eventually resulting in the rider getting trampolined off forwards and sideways unless the rider can recover from the wobbles. Thus, another advised approach is to merely relax and ride with less tension to avoid tensing up due to panic and taking a mental approach. Once the rider commits to the speed and lack of control this may allow for both carving for control purposes but also tucking which provides tremendous speed. However, this approach takes a lot courage and experience before mastering and the speed wobble is a likely inevitable in any event. 
     Other solutions offered to improve stability besides tightening the trucks include using wider tricks and wheels, lowering the trucks, using harder bushings, and/or keeping most of the rider&#39;s weight over the front truck. Lower trucks and harder bushings may also provide more stability as well. However, too tight or too loose of trucks may pose problems as well when descending a steep hill, and it is difficult to test out different combinations to find a suitable solution. Moreover, changing out these parts for different conditions takes time away from riding and adds expense and inconvenience due to keeping various parts on hand. 
     While certain other proposed solutions attempt to cushion the ride by employing a pneumatic (gas) compression strut skateboard truck assembly (U.S. Pat. No. 6,224,076 to Kent) or a dual elastomeric suspension system (U.S. Pat. No. 7,044,485, to Kent at el.), the focus of the truck assemblies in these patents is on reducing single direction compressive shock forces generated by rolling over uneven ground surfaces. However, speed wobble is an undesirable oscillation between the hanger and wheels and the deck that requires an entirely different set of principles than that of reduction of single direction linear shock forces. 
     Thus, while the foregoing general advice solutions are at least intended to provide better stability by changing out parts or tightening components, this comes at the sacrifice of maneuverability, time, and expense and still does not adequately address speed wobble. In addition, while the patented solutions may provide some degree of shock absorption by introducing a cushioning element to oppose compressive forces so as to purportedly improve ride quality, they are not designed to address the speed wobble issue. What is needed, therefore, is an improved skateboard truck assembly for use with skateboards that allows the rider to reduce or prevent speed wobble encountered at higher speeds such as when riding downhill allowing for increased control of the skateboard without sacrificing maneuverability while being compatible with a wide variety of different types of skateboards. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     In accordance with principles of the present invention, a damping system for use with a skateboard deck is provided with a base plate constructed to releasably couple to the skateboard deck and a hanger constructed to couple to the base plate and including an axle for receiving at least one wheel along with a damping element coupling the skateboard deck or the base plate to the hanger and being constructed to introduce restrictive motion stability to the motion of the deck or base plate toward or away from the hanger whenever a deviant alignment is introduced. 
     In at least one embodiment of the present invention, one or more damping elements may be incorporated per truck assembly. 
     In at least one exemplary embodiment, the damping element includes a piston with a perforated piston head passing into a chamber filled with a volume of viscous fluid that resists movement of the piston head in opposing directions. 
     In other exemplary embodiments, the damping element may be attached using a variety of attachment means. 
     In at least one exemplary embodiment, the damping element may be used to disrupt the growing oscillations between the hanger and the deck when in use to restore the hanger to or retain the hanger in a more normal straight ahead alignment. 
     In at least one exemplary embodiment, the damping element resists both compression and extension. 
     Various objects, features, aspects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of preferred embodiments of the invention, along with the accompanying drawings in which like numerals represent like components. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is an exploded view of the components of a conventional truck assembly for attachment to a skateboard deck and a set of wheels; 
         FIG. 2  is a right upper perspective view of an upside down skateboard with the nose facing forward and a damping system installed thereon in accordance with the principles of the present invention; 
         FIG. 3  is a front view of an exemplary damping system taken from  FIG. 2 , in enlarged scale, without the skateboard and upside down with a hanger on the bottom as it would be in use; 
         FIG. 4  is a right end view of damping system of  FIG. 3 ; 
         FIG. 5  is the same view of the rear truck of  FIG. 2 , in enlarged scale, without the damping units and deck; 
         FIG. 6  is a front view of  FIG. 5 , in reduced scale; 
         FIG. 7  is a right end view of  FIG. 6 ; 
         FIG. 8  is an exploded perspective view of the rear truck from  FIG. 2 , in reduced scale, without the skateboard; 
         FIG. 9  is a cutaway view of an exemplary damping unit in a compressed state in accordance with principles of the present invention; 
         FIG. 10  is a same view as  FIG. 9  with the damping unit in an extended state; 
         FIG. 11  is a similar view of the damping unit of  FIG. 3  with the truck hanger compressing on the left side and extending on the right side and in a partially twisted configuration; 
         FIG. 12  is a similar view of the damping unit of  FIG. 3  with the truck hanger extending on the left side and compressing on the right side and in a partially twisted configuration; 
         FIG. 13  is a front view of an alternative damping system mount in accordance with the principles of the present invention; 
         FIG. 14  is a left end view of  FIG. 13 ; 
         FIG. 15  is a right upper perspective view of a damping system without the alternative mounting bracket or damping unit; 
         FIG. 16  is the same view as  FIG. 15  with the damping unit installed; 
         FIG. 17  is a front view of an alternative damping system mounting location with a portion of the skateboard deck shown; 
         FIG. 18  is a left end view of  FIG. 17 ; 
         FIG. 19  is a front view of an alternative damping system in accordance with the principles of the present invention; 
         FIG. 20  is a left end view of  FIG. 19 ; 
         FIG. 21  is a front view of an alternative damping system mount in accordance with the principles of the present invention; 
         FIG. 22  is a left end view of  FIG. 21 ; 
         FIG. 23  is a front view of an alternative damping system mounting location with a portion of the skateboard deck shown; and 
         FIG. 24  is a left end view of  FIG. 23 . 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     Referring initially to  FIG. 1 , an exemplary conventional truck assembly, generally designated  30 , is shown in an exploded view to aid this description. The exemplary conventional truck assembly generally includes a base plate  32 , roughly a relatively thin rectangular plate in shape, with a set of four apertures  34   a - c  (three are shown with fourth corner aperture hidden) proximate each corner for receiving a set of fasteners such as threaded bolts (not shown) for securing the base plate to a skateboard deck  36 , such as that shown in  FIG. 2 , in a conventional manner. An optional riser pad  38  may be inserted between the base plate and the skateboard deck if desired. 
     Located proximate the leading edge  40  of the base plate is a lower cup washer  42  that may be integrated into the base plate  32 , or otherwise secured to the base plate. As with a conventional truck assembly, the lower cup washer includes a through bore  44  for receipt of a kingpin  46  described below. Proximate the opposing trailing edge  48  of the base plate is a pivot cup  50  in the shape of an angled collar or sleeve. 
     The truck assembly  30  further includes a hanger  52  or axle housing though which an axle  54  may be inserted or otherwise project laterally outwardly from the ends of the housing. At the leading edge  56 , the hanger includes bushing cup  58  or yoke with a through bore  60  while a pivot post  62  projects generally in a perpendicular direction to the transverse axle away from the trailing edge of the hanger and bisects the axle housing. A pivot bushing  64  is disposed on the pivot post. 
     To secure the hanger  52  to the base plate  32 , the kingpin  46 , main bushing  66 , cone bushing  68 , top cup washer  70 , and kingpin nut  72  are used as would be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. For example, the threaded end  74  of the kingpin would be inserted through the lower cup washer  42  with the hexagonal bolt head  76  of the kingpin secured in a complementary hexagonal shaped recess (not shown) in the riser pad  38  or lower deck surface  78 . Next, the main bushing would be slipped over the threaded portion of the king pin and fit into the lower cup washer. The pivot post  62  receives the pivot bushing  64  that may be press fit into the pivot cup as the yoke  58  of the hanger is slip fit over the outer end of the main bushing and kingpin. At this point, the threaded end of the kingpin extends through the hanger. The cone bushing is then slipped over the exposed end of the kingpin followed by the top cup washer. Finally, the kingpin nut is screwed onto or otherwise threadably engaged with the kingpin until suitably tightened. 
     At this point, the hanger  52  is pivotally and rotatably coupled to the base plate  32 . Pressing on either outer extreme end of the axle  54  will decrease the distance between the axle and the base plate on the side being pressed toward the base plate and increase the distance between the axle and base plate on the opposite side. 
     The base plate  32  of the truck assembly  30  (with or without the optional riser pad  38 ) may be secured the lower surface  78  of the deck  36  using a set of threaded bolts passing through the base plate apertures  34   a - c  and secured with complementary nuts as is well known in the art. Of course, the riser pad (if used), the base plate, and the kingpin  46  may be secured to the deck first and then the hanger  52  coupled thereto. Those skilled in the art are well versed in attaching a conventional truck assembly to a skateboard deck. 
     Attaching a pair of wheels (not shown) to each axle  54  is generally known in the art. Generally, a first inner axle washer  80  may be slipped over one end of the axle, followed by a wheel with a bearing or race insert, a second outer axle washer  82 , and all are secured with an axle nut  84  or locking ring. This is repeated for each axle end so that a pair of wheels is attached to each truck. At this point, the skateboard is essentially in a conventional configuration and provides no additional features for reducing speed wobble other than the usual tightening of the trucks approach by tightening the kingpin nut  72 , although this approach reduces the maneuverability of the skateboard as discussed above, and often fails to appreciably reduce the wobble. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 2  wherein like elements are like numbered, a first embodiment of a pair of truck assemblies incorporating a damping system, generally designed  130   a - b , mounted on the lower surface  78  of a conventional skateboard deck  36  and adapted for receiving a conventional set of wheels is illustrated. As shown in  FIG. 2 , there are two such identical truck assemblies  130   a ,  130   b , with one mounted near the nose  133  of the deck and the other mounted proximate the tail  135  of the deck. In  FIG. 2 , the truck assemblies are depicted with their kingpins reversed relative to one another and pointing outwardly from the hex head to the threaded section. These truck mounting positions may be reversed with the kingpins pointing inwardly from the hex to the thread. In addition, the truck assemblies could also be mounted with the parallel kingpins, either both facing forward or both facing rearwards. These alternative kingpin configurations are compatible with each of the embodiments disclosed herein. 
     With reference now to  FIGS. 2-10  and for the ease of this description, an exemplary truck assembly  130   a  will now be described. However, it will be understood that truck assembly  130   b  is identical. As with the conventional truck assembly  30 , the exemplary truck assembly  130   a  constructed in accordance with the principles of the present invention includes a base plate  132  that may be pivotally and rotatably secured to a hanger  152  with an axle  154  for receiving a set of conventional wheels. As with the conventional truck assembly, the modified truck assembly  130   a  includes a hanger with a yoke  158  for capturing a kingpin (concealed in these figures) projecting out of a lower cup washer  142  over which a main bushing  166 , cone bushing  168 , top cup washer  170  are placed and then secured with a kingpin nut  172 . The pivot post  162  is also pivotally captured in the pivot cup  150 . 
     As with a conventional truck assembly  30  ( FIG. 1 ), the base plate  132  of the modified truck assembly  130   a  may be secured to the lower surface  78  of the deck  36  ( FIG. 2 ) using a conventional set of fasteners such as bolts and nuts passing through the apertures  134   a - b  for example as would be readily understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. 
     Where the present invention primarily departs from conventional skateboard truck assembly configurations such as those shown in  FIG. 1  is by incorporating a set of two base plate anchor points  137   a - b  and two hanger anchor points  153   a - d  to capture a pair of dual direction (dual action) dampers  190   a - b  or dashpots that couple the hanger to the base plate in this exemplary embodiment as shown in  FIGS. 2-8  and cooperate to delay the onset of, reduce, prevent, inhibit, or otherwise dampen building oscillations that give rise to wheel wobble and restore and maintain the hanger in a normal, preferably straight ahead, alignment with the base plate and a steadier, more stable ride while continuing to allow the rider to maneuver by leaning when desired. While the preferred approach when rolling downhill is to maintain or retain the hanger in a normal straight ahead alignment (the preferred alignment) with the deck or base plate (or longitudinal centerline of the deck), it is contemplated that deviations in alignment may occur due to oscillations and thus the dampers may cooperate to restore the alignment to the preferred position. 
     As shown in  FIGS. 2-8 , the base plate anchor points  137   a - b  are in the form of a flange, tang, stub, hook, or boss that extends from the base plate body at right angles toward the hanger  152 . Each base plate anchor point includes a through-bore  139   a - b  which may be threaded or smooth depending on the fastener used. In a similar manner, the hanger anchor points  153   a - b  are also in the form of a flange, tang, stub, hook, or boss that extends toward the base plate in the same plane as the base plate anchor points  137   a - b  and also include similar through-bores. However, it will be appreciated that the anchor points may project at other angles, be offset from one another, or be recessed into the base plate of hanger. In this exemplary embodiment, the anchor points are integral with their respective base plate or hanger and may be formed during a casting, forging, or stamping process. 
     Still referring to  FIGS. 2-8 , spanning each opposing set of anchor points  137   a ,  153   a , and  137   b ,  153   b  are the dampers  190   a ,  190   b , respectively, also referred to as oscillation or wobble control devices, wobble reducers, wobble interruption devices, damping units, damping elements, dashpots, and oscillation regulators herein. In this exemplary embodiment, the dampers may be in the form of a hydraulic strut or shock absorber type component. As shown in  FIGS. 9-10 , each damper (with  190   a  being used as an example) includes a two-piece telescoping housing  191  with a sealed inner primary chamber  192  and an outer shell  193 . At the outer end  194  of the primary chamber is a first mount  195  with a through bore  196  while the second mount  197  with a similar through bore  205  is located on the opposing end of the housing on the outer end  198  of the outer shell. An elongated piston shaft  199  projects from the second mount  197  through the outer shell and into inner chamber  192  and terminates in a valve or piston head  200  with a set of perforations  201 . Despite the introduction of the piston into the inner chamber, the inner chamber remains sealed. Within the inner chamber is a volume of viscous fluid  206  that may flow through the apertures of the piston head as the piston head is pulled or pushed through the inner chamber. The viscosity of the fluid and the force imparted upon the piston determines the speed at which the piston head travels between opposing end walls  202  and  203  of the inner chamber. The outer shell may be filled with volume of gas  207  but merely rides along the outer surface  204  of the inner chamber  192  and is fixed to the piston shaft and top mount  197 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 9 , the damper  190   a  may be compressed such as during the tilting of the skateboard deck  36  toward the hanger  152  as will be described in more detail below. This compression forces the piston head  200  deeper into the main chamber  192  through the viscous fluid while a volume of viscous fluid passes through the apertures  201  in the opposite direction. This effectively slows the rate of the piston head travel while allowing some travel to occur. 
     As shown in  FIG. 10 , the damper may be extended such as during the tilting of the skateboard deck  36  away from the hanger  152  as will be described in more detail below. This compression forces the piston head  200  deeper into the main chamber  192  through the viscous fluid while a volume of viscous fluid passes through the apertures  201  in the opposite direction. This effectively slows the rate of the piston head travel while allowing some travel to occur in the other direction. 
     Turning now to  FIG. 8 , the dampers  190   a ,  190   b  may be secured in place using a set of rivets  208   a - d  or pins that may be used to couple the first mount  195  and second mount  197  respective to the base plate anchors  137   a - b  and the hanger anchor points  153   a - b . The first or second mount may be secured to the base plate anchor point or the hanger anchor point with the opposing mount secured to the other anchor point using conventional riveting techniques. Other suitable fasteners may also be used. The dampers may either be secured to the anchor points such that their mounts rotate relative thereto or fixed so as to prevent rotation between the respective mount and anchor point. Other suitable fasteners such as a bolt and nut combination, pin and cotter pin combinations, clamps, or brackets may be used. More permanent welds may also be used to couple the damper to the attachment surfaces but this reduces the ease of swapping out dampers with different characteristics or due to wear and tear and thus is not preferred. An exemplary final truck assembly appears in  FIG. 3 . 
     With reference to  FIGS. 9-12 , wherein the truck assemblies  130   a ,  130   b  are assumed to be secured in place to the deck of the skateboard but the deck and wheels have been removed for ease of description, as the rider generates speed, either from traveling downhill or being towed behind a fast moving object, it is not uncommon when using a conventional skateboard assembly for speed wobble to begin at a critical speed. The speed wobble results in the hanger and wheels wobbling and twisting relative to the deck which leads to increased instability and exaggerated deck tilt that progresses until eventually the skateboard is no longer ride-worthy. 
     However, in accordance with the present invention, as the deck  36  ( FIG. 2 ) and attached base plate  132  tilts upwardly on the right away from the hanger  152  and downwardly on the left toward the hanger while the hanger starts to rotate out of a centerline as shown in  FIG. 11  and relative to the normal forward position as shown in  FIG. 3  for example, each of the dampers  190   a ,  190   b  exerts influence on the tilting motion. On the left side, the piston head  200  in the left side damper  190   a  pushes through the viscous fluid  207  as the damper is compressed as shown in  FIG. 9 . On the right side, the piston head  200  in the right side damper pulls through the viscous fluid  207  as the damper is extended as shown in  FIG. 10 . The resulting combination of push/pull on opposing sides of the central region of the hanger  152  helps to correct or restore the rotation or twisting of the hanger back to a normal and stable alignment or position as in  FIG. 3  thus restricting the travel of the hanger to further extremes relative to the base plate and thus the deck and inhibiting the build-up of speed wobble. 
     In a similar fashion as shown in  FIG. 12 , if the hanger  152  strays or deviates from the centerline defined by the normal alignment position in  FIG. 3  while the left side damper  190   a  is compressed and the right side damper  190   b  is extended, then the resistance to the pushing action of the piston head  200  within the left side damper and resistance to the pulling action of the piston head  200  within the right side damper will restrict the travel of the hanger relative to the base plate and thus the deck also inhibiting wheel wobble in the other direction by restoring the deviant twisting or rotating motion back to the normative position. While the hanger positions relative to the base plate are shown in exaggerated positions for description purposes, the corrective action imparted by the dampers may occur through very minor changes in rotation or twisting of the hanger  152  relative to the base plate  132 . Such corrective action imparted by the dampers primarily depends on a selection of the hydraulic fluid viscosity within the inner chamber of the dampers, the length of the pistons and dampers, the location of the anchor points, the number of dampers used, and the pass through rate of the fluid through the piston head. It will be appreciated that the sensitivity of the corrective action may be altered by varying these variables and that slight deviations may be managed by the dampers while allowed for greater deviations such as those imparted by the rider&#39;s lean such as while carving purposefully. One such suitable damper is a DA Series compression and extension speed control damper available from ITT Enidine or a double action hydraulic damper along those lines, preferably adjustable, although it will be appreciated that the size may be varied to accommodate different spacing between the deck or base plate and the hanger and is dependent on the mounting locations. While a hydraulic dual action damper is preferred, it is also contemplated that dampers using gas internals or a gas and hydraulic combination to provide a similar dual action resistance function may be used as well. 
     By reducing, inhibiting, of delaying the onset of wheel or speed wobble, the rider may more confidently take on steep slopes. 
     While an exemplary embodiment has been described above, another exemplary embodiment of the truck assembly  230  is shown in  FIGS. 13-14  with an alternative base plate anchor points  237   a - b  and alternative hanger anchor points  253   a - b . In this exemplary embodiment, the base plate  232  has been modified to include another through bore  239  as in  FIG. 15  for securing an L-shaped bracket  241  to the base plate using a bolt  243  that may screw into the deck  36  ( FIG. 2 ) or merely into the base plate  232 . The bracket includes a first leg  245  that abuts the base plate and a second right angle bent leg  247  that includes a through bore for receiving a rivet as in the earlier embodiment to secure one of the mounts of the damper. 
     With continued reference to  FIGS. 13-14 , the hanger anchor points  253   a ,  253   b  may be in the form of a collar  257   a  (using the left side anchor point as an example) that encircles the hanger  252  like a clamp that include an extended tab  259  with a through bore for receiving a rivet or other suitable fastener to secure one of the mounts  195  or  197  of a damper  190   a ,  190   b  to the hanger  252 . With this configuration of alternative anchor points, replacement of the dampers is facilitated by a rapid removal from the base plate and hanger of each truck assembly  230 . 
     Because the base plate and deck behave in a similar manner with respect to the hanger, it is also contemplated to substitute the base plate anchor points with deck anchor points  337   a ,  337   b  as shown in  FIGS. 15-16 . In this exemplary embodiment, the hanger anchor points  153   a ,  153   b  remain the same as in  FIG. 3  but the base plate anchor points have been removed and replaced with anchor points that project from the undersurface  78  of the modified deck  332 . These anchor points may be brackets similar to the anchor points  253   a ,  253   b  of  FIGS. 13-14  or otherwise secured, recessed, or integrated into the lower surface of the deck  332  to provide an anchor point for one of the mounts of the dampers  190   a ,  190   b.    
     Moreover, while a dual damper construction is described above, as shown in  FIGS. 17-22  a single damper  190   a  may be attached to single tab  437   a  of a modified single tab base plate  432  and the hanger  252  using the integrated anchor points ( FIGS. 17-18 ) or bracket anchor points ( FIGS. 19-20 ) or attach to the deck and hanger ( FIGS. 21-22 ). Alternatively, only a single damper on either side may be added to the truck assembly  130  described above. 
     Another alternative of the single damper  190   a  attachment is shown in  FIGS. 20-21  that depict a similar bracket system as in  FIGS. 13-14  but only on one side with a single bracket  641  having a first leg  645  that may be secured to the deck  632  and a second right angle leg  647  that may be secured to the upper mount  197  of the damper  190   a.    
     The single damper  190   a  may also be attached to the deck  736  as well. As shown in  FIGS. 23-24  the upper mount  197  of the damper may be attached to an anchor point  737   a  projecting from the lower surface  778  of the deck. 
     In addition to alternatively using dampers  190   a ,  190   b  with varying viscosities, as another feature of the present invention, it will be appreciated that the dampers  190   a ,  190   b  may be adjusted to vary the dual action resistances by rotating the piston shafts to alter the length of the pistons relative to the damper housing. 
     It will be appreciated that the dampers provides a dual direction damping element in the skateboard assembly, that may either be couple the deck to the hanger or couple the base plate to the hanger since these components will oscillate relative to one another in use as the skateboard rolls along a support surface. The direction of the damping is along the length of the damping unit and multiple damping units cooperate or a single damping unit acts to correct deviations or the twisting motion of the hanger relative to the base plate or deck. Thus, oscillation control, harmonic reduction or inhibition, and the related speed wobble may all be reduced, the onset delayed until greater speeds, or the speed wobble even eliminated by incorporating such dampers thus allowing riders to achieve greater speeds with greater stability. It is anticipated that while one damper may be sufficient, an entire series of dampers may be used for each truck assembly. In addition, if multiple dampers are used, then the corrective and resistance characteristics of each damper may be identical or different to provide different ride stabilities. 
     It will further be understand that the truck assembly may be integrated into a single unit or that one or more truck assemblies constructed in accordance with the present invention may be incorporated into the final skateboard assembly. 
     While the above embodiments have been described with respect to dual wheel axles, it is further contemplated that such damping systems may be adapted to single wheel constructions as well. 
     Specific embodiments and applications of a damping system for skateboards have been described herein. However, it should be apparent, to those skilled in the art that many more modifications besides those already described are possible without departing from the inventive concepts herein. The inventive subject matter, therefore, is not to be restricted except in the spirit of the appended claims. Moreover, in interpreting both the specification and the claims, all terms should be interpreted in the broadest possible manner consistent with the context. In particular, the terms “comprises” and “comprising” should be interpreted as referring to elements, components, or steps in a non-exclusive manner, indicating that the referenced elements, components, or steps may be present, or utilized, or combined with other elements, components, or steps that are not expressly referenced. Any objects cited herein may or may not be applicable to each embodiment and not all objects need be accomplished by any single embodiment.