Abstract:
A system and methods for generating electricity through a commensal relationship between a moving object and a generation unit. A generation unit includes a generation unit magnet positioned to pass through an induction coil. In certain embodiments, a moving magnet associated with a moving object attracts the generation unit magnet and, accordingly, causes the generation unit magnet to pass through the induction coil. The passage of the generation unit magnet through the induction coil generates electricity.

Description:
PRIORITY CLAIM 
       [0001]    This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/646,670 filed May 14, 2012. 
     
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    The present invention relates to generating electricity. More specifically, the present invention relates to the generation of electricity through a commensal relationship between a generation unit and a moving object. In certain embodiments of the present invention, electricity is generated by the attraction of a first magnet to a second magnet, where the first magnet is positioned to pass through an induction coil and the second magnet is connected to a moving object. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0003]    Today, the United States uses energy that largely comes from a variety of conventional sources. Approximately 83 percent of energy consumed in the United States is generated from fossil fuels such as petroleum, coal, or natural gas. Another approximately 8.5 percent of energy consumed in the United States is generated from nuclear power. 
         [0004]    A variety of disadvantages are associated with these conventional sources of energy. Fossil fuel based energy sources produce carbon emissions and cause other pollution, permit accidents in distribution and transportation such as oil spills or gas leaks, and cause political conflict with other countries regarding access to fossil fuels. Further, nuclear energy sources require the transportation and storage of radioactive waste, and certain nuclear energy sources lack stability in a natural disaster like an earthquake. 
         [0005]    Generally, a portion of the energy produced by conventional energy sources is consumed as electricity. Electricity is typically generated on a large scale and distributed to consumers through an electricity distribution grid. Complications may arise within a grid that can affect consumers who obtain electricity from that grid. A blackout—that is, a complete loss of electrical power supply—or a brownout—that is, a drop in voltage in the electrical power supply—may result from disruptions in the grid. 
         [0006]    Clearly, a source of electricity that does not have the disadvantages associated with the conventionally produced large scale electricity sources would be beneficial. Certain devices that generate electricity using a non-conventional source of energy have been developed. 
         [0007]    For example, solar panels generate electricity from sunlight. However, solar panels have limitations including a requirement for considerable land area in order to produce large scale power and the inability to generate electricity during the night when there is no sunlight. Also, solar panels may limit the desired uses or disrupt the desired aesthetic of a yard, a rooftop, or a land area. 
         [0008]    Another known device for generating electricity is a wind turbine which uses wind power. Wind turbines can be used successfully in locations that experience extended periods of windy conditions, which are typically rural areas. However, wind turbines have limited efficiency and may be worn down in locations such as urban areas where the wind is less prevalent and air is choppy because of trees and the variation in heights of buildings. Also, a malfunctioning wind turbine such as a blade that breaks may cause damage to the surrounding buildings, land, or people. In addition, wind turbines may limit the desired uses or disrupt the desired aesthetic of a yard, a rooftop, or a land area. 
         [0009]    Another known device generates electricity by using hydropower—that is, the force of moving water. Electricity may be generated by harnessing energy from waves on the surface of water, changes in tide, current in rivers or streams, or potential energy of dammed water. Such electricity generation is limited to locations that have ample water sources. Also, damming a body of water to construct a hydroelectric power station may cause environmental damage and may limit the land use in the surrounding area. Power stations for producing hydropower may cause substantial methane (a potent greenhouse gas) emissions from decaying plant material sometimes present in the reservoirs of the power station. 
         [0010]    In addition to large scale electricity generation, known devices can generate electricity on a small scale. One such known device generates electricity by using the weight of a moving vehicle. The moving vehicle depresses a plate, which compresses a piston mechanism and then converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. The plate-piston mechanism includes limitations such as a complicated structure requiring many moving parts. 
         [0011]    Another known device for small scale electricity generation uses simple mechanical energy. A Faraday flashlight device is generally used by shaking a flashlight containing a magnet, where the magnet passes through a coil during shaking. A small amount of electrical current is generated in a coil, and the electricity is stored in a capacitor until use of the flashlight is desired. To function properly, the method for using this device requires shaking of the entire device to generate an electrical current. Further, the capacitor within the flashlight typically provides limited storage capacity since the capacitor is generally small enough to be lifted and carried around easily. 
         [0012]    Given the various disadvantages and limitations of conventional and non-conventional electricity sources, there is a demand for a simplified system and method of generating electricity. The present invention satisfies this demand. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0013]    Embodiments of the present invention include a generation unit, which is configured to generate electricity. The present invention relates to the generation of electricity through a commensal relationship between a generation unit and a moving object which moves relative to or within the generation unit. As a result of this commensal relationship, any energy used to power the moving object may be used to generate electricity in the generation unit. 
         [0014]    In certain embodiments, a generation unit includes a generation unit magnet. A generation unit magnet is made from a material that produces a magnetic field. A generation unit magnet may be positioned within a space in the generation unit. The space—termed a “chamber” for purposes of this application—may be defined by an induction coil, a chamber wall, a boundary element, or some combination. 
         [0015]    In certain embodiments, the moving object is any object that is capable of moving relative to or within a generation unit and capable of being associated with a magnet. In certain embodiments, the moving object is positioned within the generation unit and is associated with a generation unit magnet via a physical connection. In such embodiments, the generation unit magnet may be a component that is intrinsic to a conventional configuration of the moving object, while other moving objects may be configured to include a generation unit magnet. Embodiments of a physical connection between a moving object and a generation unit magnet may include an extension from a moving object, an adhesive, or any known method of physically connecting the moving object to a generation unit magnet. 
         [0016]    In such embodiments, the moving object and the physically connected generation unit magnet move through the chamber, including the portion of the chamber defined by an induction coil—termed a “coil space” for purposes of this application. Such movement of the generation unit magnet causes electron current—that is, electricity—in the induction coil. 
         [0017]    An example of such an embodiment includes a generation unit magnet configured as a frame of an elevator cab, which is comprised of a material that produces a magnetic field. In such an embodiment, an induction coil may be positioned around the chamber configured as an elevator shaft such that the movement of the moving object—that is, the elevator cab—generates electricity. In a similar embodiment, the frame of a subway car produces a magnetic field to generate electricity by moving through a chamber such as a subway tunnel. 
         [0018]    Such embodiments could be operated on a smaller scale as well. For example, a generation unit magnet may be physically connected to a fan axle or one or more fan blades, which are all rotating to move air. Such a fan could rotate the generation unit magnet within a coil space to generate electricity. 
         [0019]    In certain embodiments, the moving object is positioned outside of the generation unit and is associated with a magnet termed a “moving magnet” for purposes of this application. Embodiments of a moving magnet are made from any material that may attract or repel and, therefore, cause movement of the generation unit magnet. Such embodiments of a moving magnet may be made from a ferromagnetic material such as iron, nickel, cobalt, certain metal alloys, lodestone, or other magnetized substance. Certain moving objects may include a moving magnet in the components intrinsic to the conventional configuration of the moving object, while other moving objects may be configured to include a moving magnet. Certain moving magnets are strong enough to influence the movement of a generation unit from a distance such that the generation unit may generate electricity in advance of the moving object reaching the location of the generation unit. 
         [0020]    In certain embodiments, a generation unit may be positioned relative to a path and relative to the anticipated position of the moving object associated with a moving magnet such that the moving magnet will actuate movement of the generation unit magnet. The term “path” refers to any component in relation to which a generation unit may be positioned. In certain embodiments, the moving object moves relative to a path for a purpose other than electricity generation, such as transportation, amusement, communication, or education. A path may be largely stationary such as a road or may be in motion such as a conveyor belt. In certain embodiments, a moving object configured to be able to travel relative to a path may include a vehicle such as a car, truck, van, or sports-utility vehicle travelling on a road, an elevator moving up and down a shaft, a roller coaster on a track, a train on a railroad track, a subway car in a subway, a plane on a tarmac, a bottle on an assembly line, a platform rotating around a carousel, a conveyor belt rotating around two pulleys, a rotor which rotates around in a centrifuge, a fan in a heating, ventilating, and air conditioning unit, any object that has a spinning axle, or any object for which a directional movement is critical to its functioning. 
         [0021]    In certain embodiments, the generation unit does not require a path. In certain embodiments, the generation unit may include a generation unit magnet that is connected to a moving object, as described above. In such an embodiment, the generation unit magnet and the moving object move through the chamber together. More specifically, such an embodiment may include an elevator configured to move through an induction coil—which is positioned around the chamber and the chamber is configured as an elevator shaft—such that the movement of the elevator cab generates electricity. 
         [0022]    Certain embodiments of the present invention may include a generation unit, an external conveying component configured to receive and transfer electricity generated in the induction coil of the generation unit, and an electrically powered article. Such embodiments are termed a “local electric generating system” for purposes of this application. A local electric generating system or other embodiments of the present invention may be implemented in any property including a residential, industrial, commercial, or government property to increase local electricity generation using the commensal relationship between moving objects and generation units. Such an application of the present invention advantageously generates electricity near the location of the electricity consumer such that the consumer is not relying on the electricity distribution grid to obtain electricity. Other embodiments of the present invention generate electricity that is distributed to consumers through the electricity distribution grid. 
         [0023]    It is an object of this invention to generate electricity through a commensal relationship between a moving object and a generation unit. 
         [0024]    It is another object of this invention to provide a source of electricity that is an alternative to conventional sources. 
         [0025]    It is another object of this invention to make electricity generation more efficient and affordable. 
         [0026]    It is another object of this invention to harness energy from the movement of objects such that the energy used to power the moving objects is more useful. 
         [0027]    The present invention and its attributes and advantages will be further understood and appreciated with reference to the detailed description below of presently contemplated embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0028]    The invention can be better understood by reading the following detailed description of certain preferred embodiments, reference being made to the accompanying drawings in which: 
           [0029]      FIG. 1  is a perspective view of an embodiment of a generation unit; 
           [0030]      FIG. 2A  is a perspective view of an induction coil; 
           [0031]      FIG. 2B  is a perspective view of an induction coil supported by a boundary element; 
           [0032]      FIG. 2C  is a perspective view of a first chamber wall adjacent to a first coil end of an induction coil and a second chamber wall adjacent to a second coil end of an induction coil; 
           [0033]      FIG. 2D  is a perspective view of an induction coil supported by a boundary element and an adjacent chamber wall; 
           [0034]      FIG. 3A  is a perspective view of a plurality of generation units positioned relative to a path configured as a road and a moving object configured as a vehicle; 
           [0035]      FIG. 3B  is a perspective view of a generation unit positioned relative to a path configured as a road and a moving object configured as a vehicle; 
           [0036]      FIG. 3C  is a perspective view of a generation unit positioned relative to a path configured as a road and a moving object configured as a vehicle; 
           [0037]      FIG. 4A  illustrates an external conveying component and an electrically powered article positioned relative to a path configured as a road and a moving object configured as a vehicle; 
           [0038]      FIG. 4B  is a perspective view of generation units, an external conveying component, and an electrically powered article; 
           [0039]      FIG. 4C  is a side view of generation units and an external conveying component; 
           [0040]      FIG. 5A  is a perspective view of a moving object configured physically connected to a generation unit magnet and configured to move within a chamber of a generation unit; 
           [0041]      FIG. 5B  is a perspective view of a moving object including a moving magnet configured to move relative to generation units, which are positioned relative to a path; and 
           [0042]      FIGS. 6A-6C  illustrate the various positions of generation units in a continuous loop embodiment of a path. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS 
       [0043]    Embodiments of a generation unit  10  are configured to generate electricity. Embodiments of a generation unit  10  include an induction coil  12  and a generation unit magnet  14 . 
         [0044]    Embodiments of the induction coil  12  are made from any material in which electricity is generated in response to a magnetic field. Certain embodiments include a wire  18  wound such that each turn of the wire  18  is adjacent to the next turn of the wire  18 . Embodiments of an induction coil  12  also may include a malleable sheet configured to conduct electricity. 
         [0045]    Embodiments of a generation unit magnet  14  are positioned within a chamber  26 , as shown in  FIG. 1 . The generation unit magnet  14  is sized and shaped to move in a first direction  13  and a second direction  15  within the chamber  26 . A chamber  26  may be defined by an induction coil  12 , a chamber wall  19 , a boundary element  20 , or some combination. 
         [0046]    Embodiments of an induction coil  12  include an inner coil surface  7  and an outer coil surface  9 , as shown in  FIG. 2A . The inner coil surface  7  typically defines the coil space  17 . Embodiments of the induction coil  12  are generally positioned such that the generation unit magnet  14  may pass through the coil space  17 . Such movement of a generation unit magnet  14  through the induction coil  12  is configured to maximize electron current in the induction coil  12 . 
         [0047]    In certain embodiments, an induction coil  12  is configured to define the entire chamber  26  of the generation unit  10 , while other embodiments include an induction coil  12  that defines a portion of the chamber  26 . The portion of the chamber  26  inside of the induction coil  12  is the coil space  17 . 
         [0048]    In certain embodiments, a boundary element  20  including an inner boundary surface  22  and an outer boundary surface  24  is configured to support an induction coil  12 , as shown in the embodiment of  FIG. 2B . In such embodiments, the induction coil  12  may be wrapped around the outer boundary surface  24 . The inner boundary surface  22  defines at least a portion of the chamber  26 . A boundary element  20  is typically made from a non-conductive material that will not block or interfere with a magnetic field of the generation unit magnet  14 . 
         [0049]    Embodiments in which the induction coil  12  only defines a portion of the chamber  26  may include a chamber wall  19  including an inner wall surface  21  and an outer wall surface  23 —as shown in the embodiment of  FIG. 1  and FIG.  2 C—to define other portions of the chamber  26 . In the embodiment shown in  FIG. 2C , a first coil end  4  of the induction coil  12  is adjacent to a first chamber wall  19   a  and the second coil end  5  is adjacent to a second chamber wall  19   b . More specifically, in such embodiments, the inner wall surface  21  defines a portion of the chamber  26  and the inner coil surface  7  defines a portion of the chamber  26 . Embodiments of the chamber wall  19  may be made from a non-conductive material that does not block or interfere with a magnetic field of the generation unit magnet  14 , or may be made from segmented soft iron tube to improve the efficiency of the device and help gather the magnetic field. A segmented soft iron tube may include a number of nails in a circular array with the respective axes parallel to one another. 
         [0050]    In certain embodiments, as shown in  FIG. 2D , an induction coil  12  supported by a boundary element  20  may be adjacent to a chamber wall  19  such that the inner boundary surface  22  and the inner wall surface  23  together define the chamber  26 . 
         [0051]    Certain embodiments of the present invention include more than one generation unit magnet  14  in a chamber  26 . In such embodiments, a bumper component may be positioned between each generation unit magnet  14  to prevent or minimize harmful contact with each other generation unit magnet  14 . In other embodiments, the generation unit magnets  14  may be configured to repel each other such that the magnets do not contact each other and no such bumper components are necessary. 
         [0052]    Certain embodiments of the present invention may include more than one chamber  26 . In such embodiments, each chamber may be positioned, for example, adjacent to another chamber  26 , as shown in  FIG. 4B . 
         [0053]    In certain embodiments, a chamber  26  is configured to have a first chamber end  25  and a second chamber end  27 . In such embodiments, the distance between the first chamber end  25  and the second chamber end  27  may be smaller than an inch, may be many miles, or any length in between. 
         [0054]    In certain embodiments, various components such as a rebounder component  40  or a cushion element  38  may be positioned in a chamber  26 . A rebounder component  40  may be positioned such that the generation unit magnet  14  in motion within the chamber  26  will rebound from contact with the rebounder component  40  and, accordingly, increase the amount of times the generation unit magnet  14  passes through an induction coil  12 . A cushion element  38  may be positioned in a chamber  26  such that contact with the cushion element  38  slows down or minimizes impact of the generation unit magnet  14 . In the embodiment shown in  FIG. 1 , a cushion element  38  is positioned near the first chamber end  25 , and a rebounder component  40  is positioned near the second chamber end  27 . 
         [0055]    Embodiments of a generation unit  10  may include an internal conveying component  42 , which is a component capable of conveying electricity from the induction coil  12  to an external conveying component  58  located outside of the generation unit  10 . In certain embodiments, an internal conveying component  42  may include wire, graphite, conductive plastic, conductive polymer, a fluid-filled compartment, or any other component capable of conducting electricity. An external conveying component  58  may be configured as a wire, circuit, graphite, conductive plastic, conductive polymer, fluid-filled chamber, or any other component capable of conducting electricity. In the embodiment shown in  FIG. 1 , the external conveying component  58  is configured as a circuit. In the embodiment shown in  FIG. 4A  the external conveying component  58  is configured as a box  60  made from conductive plastic. 
         [0056]    The components of the generation unit  10  may be positioned within a housing element  16 . In the embodiment shown in  FIG. 1 , the housing element  16  is comprised of a first wall  32  opposing to a second wall  34 , and a third wall  36  connecting the first wall  32  and second wall  34 . The walls  32 ,  34 ,  36  may be configured to form an inner housing surface  28  and an outer housing surface  30 . Certain embodiments of a housing element  16  include at least one wall or wall segment that can be removably attached from the remaining portions of the housing element  16  so as to provide easy access to the other components to achieve, for example, repairs or cleaning. 
         [0057]    In certain embodiments, a moving object  50  is connected to a generation unit magnet  14  and is positioned within the generation unit  10 . In the embodiment shown in  FIG. 5A , the moving object  50  is configured as a subway car and the generation unit magnet  14  is configured as the frame of a subway car. In this embodiment, the chamber  26  through which the generation unit magnet  14  moves is the subway tunnel. The induction coil  12  may be positioned around the chamber  26 , and may stretch the entire length of the subway tunnel or may only be present in certain portions of the subway tunnel. More specifically, the portions of the subway tunnel space within the induction coil  12  comprise the coil space  17 . Similar embodiments in which a moving object  50  is attached to a generation unit magnet  14  include, for example, a train, including a model train or a cargo/passenger train, travelling through a tunnel and an elevator moving through a shaft. 
         [0058]    In certain embodiments, a generation unit  10  generally is positioned to influence a moving magnet  55  associated with the moving object  50  on the generation unit magnet  14 . In certain embodiments, a generation unit  10  is positioned with respect to the path  52  of a moving object  50 . A path  52  may include a road, a rail, railroad tie, a subway tunnel, or an elevator shaft, to name a few. The embodiments shown in  FIG. 3A ,  FIG. 3B ,  FIG. 3C , and  FIG. 4A  include a path  52  configured as a road. The embodiment shown in  FIG. 5B  shows a path configured as a subway tunnel. 
         [0059]    In the embodiment of  FIG. 5B , generation units  10  are positioned with respect to a path  52  configured as a subway tunnel such that a moving object  50  configured as a subway car may influence the generation unit magnets  14  in the generation unit  10 . In this embodiment, the moving magnet  55  may be configured as the frame of the subway car. 
         [0060]    In certain embodiments, a generation unit  10  may be positioned with respect to a path  52  such that an axis  11  is generally perpendicular to a surface of the path  52 , as shown in  FIG. 3A , or generally parallel to a surface of the path  52 , as shown in  FIG. 3B  and  FIG. 4B . A generation unit  10  also may be positioned such that an axis  11  is generally tangential  33 , generally radial  35 , or generally arced  37  in relation to a surface of the path  52 , as shown in  FIG. 5B . Certain embodiments may include generation units  10  all positioned in the same relationship to the surface of the path  52  or may include generation units  10  in any combination of relationships to the surface of the path  52 . 
         [0061]    In certain embodiments, a generation unit  10  advantageously may be positioned with respect to the path  52  to utilize gravity to generate electricity. In a gravitational embodiment, a generation unit magnet  14  is positioned to move relative to the attraction of a moving magnet  55  associated with the moving object  50 . After the moving magnet  55  is no longer in a position to influence the generation unit magnet  14 , then the generation unit magnet  14  moves relative to the gravitational pull. 
         [0062]    In certain embodiments, a generation unit  10  may be configured to permit rotational movement of a generation unit magnet  14  in response to the influence of a moving magnet  55 . Such rotational embodiments may include generation unit magnets  14  positioned and configured to rotate about an axis  11 . Certain embodiments include an axle  11 A and one or more arms  11 B. In certain embodiments, at least a portion of the one or more arms  11 B are made from magnetic material, such that that the one or more arms  11 B form one or more generation unit magnets  14 . In certain embodiments, an arm  11 B may be made from a material that is not magnetic, and a generation unit magnet  14  may be positioned on a surface or edge or otherwise be associated with one or more of the arms  11 B. 
         [0063]    In the embodiment shown in  FIG. 3C , several arms  11 B are connected to an axle  11 A along a first edge  11 C of each arm  11 B. The arms  11 B are sized, shaped, and configured to permit the influence of the moving magnet  55  on the generation unit magnet  14 . Certain embodiments include one or more arms  11 B that may be shaped in a half-cylinder shape, a helical shape, or any other shape that facilitates the rotation of generation unit magnets  14  around an axis  11 . Also, the axle  11 A and arms  11 B shown in  FIG. 3C  are oriented such that the arms  11 B rotate in a plane generally perpendicular to the surface of the path  52 . However, in certain embodiments, an axle  11 A may be oriented such that the arms  11 B rotate in a plane generally parallel to the surface of the path  52 . In certain embodiments, the arms  11 B rotate about the axle  11 A in any orientation that permits generation of electricity within the induction coil  12 . 
         [0064]    Embodiments of a generation unit  10  advantageously may be sized and shaped to form a continuous loop. Such continuous loop embodiments may be used in association with a path  52  such as a rollercoaster track—as shown in FIGS.  6 A through  6 C—or a road configured as a racetrack. Multiple moving objects  50  may be used to move a generation unit magnet  14  through a continuous loop generation unit  10 . A moving magnet  55  associated with a moving object  50  may influence a generation unit magnet  14  for the entire continuous loop of the generation unit  10 —as shown by double lines in FIG.  6 A—or may influence a generation unit magnet  14  for a portion of the continuous loop—as shown by double lines in  FIG. 6B  and  FIG. 6C . In the embodiment shown in  FIG. 6B , generation units  10  are positioned relative to the rollercoaster track generally where the rollercoaster cars would be travelling on an incline. In the embodiment shown in  FIG. 6C , the generation units  10  are positioned relative to one incline and one decline in the rollercoaster track. 
         [0065]    In certain embodiments, a generation unit  10  may be positioned with respect to a path  52  such that at least some part of the wall of the housing element  16  is not covered by the path  52 . In such embodiments, any exposed wall of the housing element  16  may be configured from a material having sufficient strength to withstand ambient conditions and the weight of moving objects  50  such as vehicles. In certain embodiments, a generation unit  10  is positioned entirely below the surface of a path  52 , as shown with dotted lines in  FIGS. 3A-3C . 
         [0066]    In certain embodiments, such as the embodiment shown in  FIGS. 4A through 4C , the generation unit  10  may be positioned largely within an external conveying component  58 , which, as described above, is configured to receive and transfer electricity outside of the generation unit  10 . In such embodiments, an electrically powered article  48  also may be positioned adjacent to or within the external conveying component  58 . The generation units  10  may be positioned and configured relative to the external conveying component  58  such that the generation units  10  generate and transfer electricity to power the electrically powered article  48  in advance of the moving object  50  reaching the electrically powered article  48 . 
         [0067]    In the embodiment shown in  FIGS. 4A through 4C , the electrically powered article  48  is constructed to emit light upon the input of electricity. The electrically powered article  48  may also be configurable such that a variety of information may be conveyed by the same embodiment. The embodiment shown in  FIG. 4A  is configured to display an arrow. 
         [0068]    In the embodiment shown in  FIG. 4A  through  FIG. 4C , the external conveying component  58  is configured as a box  60  over which moving objects  50  may pass. A box  60  may include a top surface  62 , a bottom surface  64 , and one or more side surfaces  66 . In this embodiment, the box  60  is made from conducting plastic. In certain embodiments, the box  60  also may include a covering such as an insulator (not shown). In certain embodiments, the box  60  may include only so much conducting plastic as to permit electricity to flow between the generation unit  10  and the electrically powered article  48 . 
         [0069]    In certain embodiments, more than one generation unit  10  may be installed relative to a path  52 , as shown in  FIGS. 3A-3C ,  FIG. 4B , and  FIG. 5B . More than one generation unit  10 —that is, a plurality  56  of generation units  10 —may be electrically connected to each other by an external conveying component  58 . Embodiments of the plurality  56  of generation units  10  are wired in series to produce electricity output with synchronous polarity, while other embodiments of the plurality  56  of generation units  10  are wired in parallel. 
         [0070]    An external conveying component  58  connecting one or more generation units  10  may connect to other elements using configurations and methods known in the art. Certain embodiments may include a rectifier such as a bridge rectifier or a single diode to convert alternating current (“AC”) to direct current (“DC”) as needed to store electricity or prevent reverse current flow. Certain embodiments may include one or more resistors, a commutator, a switch to achieve an “on” or “off” status, an inverter for converting direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC), or a power input element such as an AC plug. 
         [0071]    Certain embodiments of an external conveying component  58  may connect to an energy storage component such as a capacitor or a battery so as to effectively and usefully store the electricity generated in the induction coils  12 . In addition, an external conveying component  58  may connect one or more generation units  10  to an electricity distribution grid such that energy stored in an energy storage component may be distributed to consumers. 
         [0072]    An external conveying component  58  also may connect one or more generation units  10  to an electrically powered article  48 , as discussed above with reference to  FIGS. 4A through 4C . An electrically powered article  48  may include any article capable of using electricity. In certain embodiments, such as the embodiment shown in  FIG. 3A , an electrically powered article  48  may be a configured as a light emitting diode (LED) street lamp. In such an embodiment, vehicles travelling on a road conveniently may provide electricity to a LED street lamp located adjacent to the generation unit  10  or located relative to the direction that a moving object  50  is moving such that the LED turns on in advance of the arrival of a moving object  50 . A generation unit  10  may be configured to power a traffic light, speed detector, camera, railroad crossing signal, light in the cabin of a train car or elevator, or computer to program the movement of an elevator, to name a few. In certain embodiments, the electrically powered article  48  is configured with a communication component to send information to and receive information from a computer. 
         [0073]    An external conveying component  58  further may connect to an electricity sensor such as an ammeter or a voltmeter capable of measuring the amount of electricity passing through the induction coil  12 , internal conveying component  42 , or external conveying component  58 . An electricity sensor may be configured to send information—such as information regarding the amount of electricity passing through the induction coil  12  or the external conveying component  58 —to a computer. An electricity sensor also may be configured to receive information from a computer. 
         [0074]    A computer having a processor and a memory may be configured to send information to or receive information from, for example, an electrically powered article, an electricity sensor, or a generation unit. In such embodiments, information may be processed by the processor and stored on the memory of the computer. 
         [0075]    In response to the receipt of certain information, a computer—using a computer-readable algorithm in certain embodiments—may be configured to send specific information to other components. For example, in one embodiment, when a moving object  50  such as a car generates a certain threshold of electricity, the electricity sensor may send that information to a computer. The computer may send a message to activate a speed detector such as a radar gun capable of determining the speed of the car, for example, relative to the speed limit. The speed detector may send the information regarding the speed of the car to the computer, where the computer may provide an output to a law enforcement agency. The computer communication—that is, sending and receiving of information—is conducted by methods known in the art. 
         [0076]    While the disclosure is susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, specific exemplary embodiments have been shown by way of example in the drawings and have been described in detail. It should be understood, however, that there is no intent to limit the disclosure to the particular embodiments disclosed, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the scope of the disclosure as defined by the appended embodiments.