Abstract:
The present invention provides a solution to the problem concerning how to associate uplink packet data to the originating mobile station in order to be able to direct downlink packet data transmissions to the correct mobile station when using adaptive antennas. A packet scheduler signals the uplink and downlink scheduling information to a direction of arrival (DOA) estimating- or beam selection algorithm, and specifies a DOA- or beam selection algorithm for every mobile station instead of for every timeslot. The received information, i.e. the angular and/or spatial samples of signal strength and signal quality etc. is stored in a physical context memory. It is possible to use adaptive antennas in a system carrying e.g. GPRS/EGPRS traffic.

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION  
         [0001]    The present invention relates generally to methods for using adaptive antennas in cellular mobile telephone systems, and more particularly the invention relates to a method for enabling the use of adaptive antennas in packet data systems.  
           [0002]    The invention also relates to an arrangement for carrying out the method.  
         BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0003]    It is anticipated that a large part of the future growth of wireless communication will be data traffic. Due to the “burstiness” of data traffic, the spectrum is more effectively used if the users share a common radio resource. An efficient way of sharing a radio resource is to use packet data. Thus, a great effort has been made in standardising a protocol for transmitting packet data in GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication) networks. This protocol is called GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) with future enhancements in EGPRS (Edge GPRS). EGPRS is also the preferred migration path of DAMPS (Digital Advanced Mobile Phone System).  
           [0004]    The GPRS/EGPRS protocol enables more than one mobile station to use the same timeslot or timeslots. This is done by time multiplexing users on the same radio resource. When starting a transmission the mobile station is assigned one or more timeslots in up- and downlink. In the assignment the mobile stations are given a temporal bit flow identity (TFI) and an uplink state flag (USF). The TFI is attached to data blocks in order to identify the terminating mobile station of the transmitted data block. In downlink all mobiles are listening to the assigned timeslots and try to decode all data blocks but only considers the blocks with corresponding TFI&#39;s.  
           [0005]    The preferred method for scheduling the uplink is to use the USF, which is attached to user data in downlink data blocks. A mobile station is assigned its USF when given a radio resource and is allowed to transmit an uplink data block on a following timeslot if it detects its USF in the corresponding downlink data block. This method is called dynamic assignment. Another method for scheduling the uplink is to use an entire downlink data block, i.e. when a mobile station is signalling uplink channel request, the reply from the network is a bitmap telling the mobile station what timeslots in what TDMA-frames the mobile station should use. The bitmap is transmitted to the mobile station in a dedicated data block. This method is called fixed assignment. All scheduling of packet data is performed by a scheduler, called Packet Control Unit (PCU) in GPRS/EGPRS. The scheduler can be located in e.g. a mobile services switching centre, a base station controller or a base transceiver station.  
           [0006]    Adaptive antennas, here defined to be an antenna system that is able to change its characteristics to changes in the network, have several interesting properties. One of the most important features of an adaptive antenna system is that the base station is able to detect the direction to the transmitting mobile station and that it has the means to transmit information in an antenna beam directed towards a specific mobile station. An antenna beam is defined as any signal transmission deliberately covering only a part of a cell, the cell defined as the total coverage area of a base station. This implies that the downlink signal is not transmitted in the entire cell, resulting in lower interference in the system.  
           [0007]    Adaptive antennas have been shown to increase the system downlink C/I as much as 6 dB compared to a regular system using sector-antennas. Because the interference level is reduced a channel reuse pattern can be formed in which channels are reused more frequently, and thus the capacity of the network can be increased. If the reuse pattern is left unchanged the C/I of the communication links is increased. Thus, the reduced downlink interference can be used either for increasing the number of users in the system or for increasing the C/I of the communication links.  
           [0008]    The increased C/I of the communication links can in its turn be used to produce a significant throughput increase in a system carrying GPRS/EGPRS traffic. This is mainly due to link adaptation, which transforms communication link improvements into a throughput increase. In EGPRS two modulation methods, providing nine different coding and modulation schemes, are used to ensure maximum throughput at the current communication link quality, C/I. The payload per transmitted data block varies with the quality of the communication link. A communication link having high quality can be used for a higher data transmission rate either by applying higher modulation or by using less error correcting coding. Thus, it is obvious that there is a large potential in applying adaptive antennas in systems carrying GPRS/EGPRS traffic.  
           [0009]    However, a problem exists with associating received uplink data with the originating mobile station. In general, uplink data is used for estimating the shape and/or direction of the downlink transmission with respect to the desired mobile station. This implies that an adaptive antenna using adaptation in downlink needs to keep track of all mobile stations in transmission state, i.e. mobile stations having a radio resource and data to transmit. The problem is that the base station doesn&#39;t know what uplink data blocks correspond to what downlink blocks since this information is located in the scheduler. This problem is not encountered in circuit switched traffic where down- and uplink timeslots are always related in the same way. Further, this problem is not encountered when using sector antennas since sector antennas doesn&#39;t adapt to different mobile stations.  
           [0010]    More specifically the problem arises when an adaptive antenna system is used in the base station and two spatially separated mobile stations are allocated the same radio resource. The base station then needs to know when the different mobile stations are transmitting packet data blocks in order to be able to steer the downlink transmission to the correct mobile station. This scheduling information is not known in the base transceiver station since the scheduler, i.e. the PCU in GPRS/EGPRS, controls all scheduling.  
           [0011]    In the Swedish patent specification SE 509 776, a method for linking information between logical channels autonomously in a base station, is described. The solution is to add a database in the base station storing subscriber information. A key-field or a subscriber identity is used to retrieve and update the right information. To access the right information in the database, received data is decoded and the identity of the transmitting mobile is controlled. The information in the database is preferably used when there is a need for changing traffic channels, e.g. during hand over.  
           [0012]    The solution according to SE 509 776 has the disadvantage of having to decode the received data to be able to access the correct part of the database.  
           [0013]    There is thus a need to provide an efficient method of finding the identity of uplink packet data blocks and to associate downlink transmissions to the correct mobile station when using adaptive antennas.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0014]    The present invention provides a solution to the problem concerning how to associate uplink packet data to the originating mobile station in order to be able to direct downlink transmissions to the correct mobile station when using adaptive antennas.  
           [0015]    One object of the present invention is to provide a flexible and efficient adaptive antenna solution for packet data systems.  
           [0016]    Another object of the present invention is to reduce the amount of delay and overhead signalling for associating uplink packet data to the originating mobile station.  
           [0017]    The above mentioned objects are basically achieved by having the scheduler signalling the uplink and downlink scheduling information to, depending on the chosen strategy, the beam selection algorithm or the direction of arrival (DOA) estimation algorithm and the beam switch or the beam forming algorithm, and by specifying a beam selection algorithm or DOA-estimation algorithm for every mobile station instead of for every timeslot. The received information, i.e. the direction to the transmitting mobile, soft values etc., is stored in a part of a physical context memory, specific for each mobile station.  
           [0018]    In a first embodiment of the invention the beam selection algorithm or DOA-estimation algorithm contains a time filtering function, i.e. information from uplink transmissions in present and past is used to calculate the best beam. This implies that the beam selection algorithm or the DOA-estimation algorithm needs information from the physical context memory when calculating a new best beam.  
           [0019]    In a second embodiment of the invention the information of the beam in which the mobile station is located is used for optimising the resource allocation and the scheduling. This implies that information of the selected beam from the beam selection- or DOA-estimation algorithm must be signalled to the scheduler.  
           [0020]    In a third embodiment of the invention, frames not received entirely correct is used together with retransmitted frames, i.e. soft values of received data are combined to generate a good estimate of the received data. This is called incremental redundancy and requires that scheduling information from the scheduler is signalled to the base transceiver station so that data originating from the same mobile stations is added.  
           [0021]    The embodiments of the invention can preferably be implemented by software code segments, and e.g. be stored in any of the relevant nodes of a mobile communication system, such as a base station, a base station controller, a mobile services switching centre, a packet control unit etc.  
           [0022]    By adopting the proposed solution it is possible to use adaptive antennas in packet data systems, carrying e.g. GPRS/EGPRS traffic. The combination of the link adaptation of GPRS/EGPRS and the carrier to interference gain introduced by adaptive antennas produces a pronounced increase in system performance.  
           [0023]    Although the invention has been summarised above, the method and arrangement according to the appended independent claims  1 ,  7  and  9  define the scope of the invention. Various embodiments are further defined in the dependent claims  2 - 6 ,  8  and  10 - 13 . 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0024]    These and other objects and advantages of the invention will become more fully apparent from the following detailed description when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings with like reference numerals indicating corresponding parts, and wherein:  
         [0025]    [0025]FIG. 1 illustrates the problem of associating uplink packet data blocks with the originating mobile station when the mobile stations are spatially separated;  
         [0026]    [0026]FIG. 2 shows an antenna diagram with fixed directional beams and a sector antenna;  
         [0027]    [0027]FIG. 3 shows the RLC/MAC-block structure of GPRS;  
         [0028]    [0028]FIG. 4A shows the signalling link between the PCU located in a BSC and the BTS;  
         [0029]    [0029]FIG. 4B shows the signalling link between the PCU located in a BTS and TRXs  
         [0030]    [0030]FIG. 5 illustrates linking of uplink information to the correct part of a physical context memory; and  
         [0031]    [0031]FIG. 6 illustrates linking of downlink information from the physical context memory to a beam switch. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION  
       [0032]    The present invention describes a method and a system for associating uplink packet data with the correct transmitting mobile station when the mobile stations, A and B, are spatially separated and allocated the same radio resource as shown in FIG. 1. The base station needs to know when different mobile stations are transmitting and receiving packet data blocks in order to be able to steer the downlink transmission to the correct mobile station. This information is not known in the base station since all scheduling of packets takes place in a scheduler.  
         [0033]    In adaptive antenna solutions aimed at increasing system capacity, the conventional sector antennas are replaced by one or several antenna arrays. The basic principle is, instead of transmitting information in the entire sector, to direct narrow antenna beams from the base station towards a desired mobile station. Downlink transmission strategies may be grouped within two main classes: either when a beam can be steered directly towards the desired mobile station or when a beam is selected from a set of beams with fixed directions. The beam suitable for downlink transmission is selected or steered on information derived from the uplink, the direction of arrival (DOA) of the received uplink data. The DOA can be an estimate of the direction to the mobile station or simply an identification of the best uplink beam.  
         [0034]    In the following the invention will be described using a GPRS/EGPRS packet data system, employing an adaptive antenna system with fixed beams. Eight interleaved beams and a sector antenna cover the cell, see FIG. 2. The selection of the best beam is performed by a beam selection algorithm, which typically measures the uplink radio quality in the different beams. The beam with the best uplink radio quality is used as an estimate on where the originating mobile station is located and is also used for downlink transmissions. In the downlink a beam switch is used to transmit the downlink packets in the correct beam. It should be noted that the switched fixed beam system is an illustrative example, which is easily, extended to e.g. a steered beam antenna system. This is evident if the beam selection algorithm is exchanged by a direction of arrival (DOA) estimation algorithm and the downlink beam switch is exchanged by means for performing digital beam forming.  
         [0035]    The above problem with associating uplink packet data to the originating mobile station is according to the invention basically solved by signalling from the scheduler to the beam selection algorithm and the beam switch the uplink and downlink scheduling information respectively and by using the scheduling information for storing information relating to beam selection or DOA estimation in a physical context memory. In GPRS/EGPRS the scheduling unit is called packet control unit (PCU). The solution will be further described with reference to FIGS. 3-6.  
         [0036]    [0036]FIG. 3 shows in detail the radio block structure of the smallest re-transmittable entity in GPRS/EGPRS, the Radio Link Control (RLC)/Medium Access Control (MAC)-block. Each RLC/MAC-block consists of a MAC header, an RLC data block and a block check sequence (BCS). The MAC header comprises an uplink state flag (USF) and the RLC data block consists of an RLC header, containing a block type indicator and power reduction fields, and RLC data. The RLC header also contains a mobile station identity indicator. The RLC/MAC-block is channel coded, interleaved and mapped onto four normal GSM bursts. A mobile station thus has to receive all four bursts to receive the RLC/MAC-block. The scheduling information is found in the USF, which gives the corresponding mobile station permission to transmit on the uplink. The scheduling of these RLC/MAC-blocks is as mentioned before taken care of by the PCU, which can control up to 500 base stations. The PCU can e.g. be located in the base station controller (BSC) or in the base transceiver station (BTS). If the solution according to the invention is not used, the originating mobile station is identified by decoding the RLC/MAC-block and use the mobile station indicator in the RLC-header.  
         [0037]    If the PCU  400  is located in the BSC  410  a signalling link  420  has to be established between the PCU  400  in the BSC  410  and the BTS  430 - 450 , see FIG. 4 a . If, on the other hand, the PCU  400  is located in the BTS  430 , FIG. 4 b , a signalling link  420  between the PCU  400  in the BTS  430  and preferably a channel coding unit (CCU) in the transceivers  460 - 480  has to be established. This makes it possible to have one PCU  400  controlling the scheduling of data packets for several transceivers  460 - 480 .  
         [0038]    Now referring to FIG. 5 the association of uplink packet data to its originating mobile station is illustrated. In GPRS/EGPRS a beam selection algorithm cannot be implemented for every timeslot, since several mobile stations can be multiplexed on the same timeslot or timeslots. The beam selection algorithm  500 - 520  thus has to be implemented for every mobile station so that the received data can be linked  530  to the correct part of a physical context memory  540 . This is an operation, which the base transceiver station cannot perform without information available from the PCU  550 , since the originating mobile station of the uplink data packets is simply not known in the base transceiver station. Hence, information about the uplink scheduling in the PCU  550  is signalled over a signalling link  560  to the base transceiver station, which then can link  530  the received data to the correct part of the physical context memory  540  for later retrieval. The physical context memory  540  stores information for every mobile in Transfer State, and contains values used for beam selection or DOA estimation, e.g. samples of signal strength and signal quality. The physical context memory  540  could also contain historical information of previous transmissions in order to allow time filtering.  
         [0039]    In FIG. 6 is the situation in the downlink shown. For downlink transmissions the beam switch  600  needs to get information from the physical context memory  610  containing which beam to transmit the downlink data in, since the base transceiver station doesn&#39;t know the destination of the downlink data packets. Data is transmitted by an adaptive transceiver unit (ATRU)  620  to the beam switch  600 . The physical context memory  610  thus has to be informed by the PCU  630  over a signalling link  640  of the identity of the downlink terminating mobile so that information from the correct part of the physical context memory can be linked  650  to the beam switch  600 .  
         [0040]    In a first embodiment of the invention the beam selection algorithm contains a time filtering function, i.e. information from uplink transmissions in the past and present is used to calculate the best beam. This implies that the beam selection algorithm needs information from the physical context memory when calculating a new beam and thus downlink scheduling information has to be transmitted from the PCU to the physical context memory to access the correct part of the physical context memory.  
         [0041]    In a second embodiment of the invention the information of the beam in which the mobile station is located is used for optimising the resource allocation and scheduling. Thus, information about the selected beam is signalled from the transceiver to the PCU. This information can e.g. be used for beam packing and optimised scheduling.  
         [0042]    In a third embodiment of the invention user data received by a mobile station but not decoded correctly is still used to some extent by using incremental redundancy, i.e. the soft values of a first received frame is used together with the soft values of a retransmitted frame. The retransmitted frame may have been coded in a different way, which further increases the information, and thus more data can be correctly decoded. To perform incremental redundancy, scheduling information is required in the base transceiver station to be able to combine information from transmissions originating from the same mobile station.  
         [0043]    It is obvious that the described invention may be varied in many ways. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the scope of the invention, and all such modifications as would be obvious to a person skilled in the art are intended to be included within the scope of the following claims.