Abstract:
A disposal system includes a sink; a disposal unit located under the sink and connected in fluid communication with a drain of the sink; a control unit configured to operate the disposal unit; and means for detecting an unintended object that passes through the drain of the sink and enters the disposal unit, resulting in stopping operation of the disposal unit. The means for detecting an unintended object that enters the disposal unit resulting in stopping operation of the disposal unit comprises a sensor and associated circuitry that detects an unintended object and triggers the control unit to stop operation. In different preferred embodiments the sensor respectively includes a capacitive sensor; a capacitive plate; magnetic shielding surrounding the disposal unit in the area of the sensor; a double “D” coil arrangement; a concentric detection coil for detecting magnetic ringdown; an ultrasonic sensor; a microphone; and combinations thereof.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
       [0001]    The present application is a U.S. nonprovisional patent application of, and claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119(e) to, U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No. 62/036,108, filed Aug. 11, 2014, which provisional patent application is incorporated by reference herein. The disclosure of this provisional application is set forth in the Appendix, which is incorporated by reference herein. 
     
    
     COPYRIGHT STATEMENT 
       [0002]    All of the material in this patent document is subject to copyright protection under the copyright laws of the United States and other countries. The copyright owner has no objection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent document or the patent disclosure, as it appears in official governmental records but, otherwise, all other copyright rights whatsoever are reserved. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0003]    The present invention generally relates to under-sink disposals. Such disposals are commonly found in most U.S. homes, and are designed to shred organic material prior to entering a sewer system. They are not designed to handle bottle caps, jar lids, or utensils such as a knife, fork, or spoon, let alone the occasional piece of jewelry, such as a wedding ring. Indeed, when such items are inadvertently dropped or otherwise fall into the disposal, the disposal breaks, the item is damaged or destroyed, or both. In view of this, it is believed that a need exists for improvement in under-sink disposals in order to address the situation in which a utensil or other metallic object is accidentally dropped into or otherwise inadvertently enters the disposal. 
         [0004]    Such need is addressed in the solutions disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,584,976 and 8,740,115, each of which is incorporated herein by reference; however, it is believed that additional improvements can yet be made in the manner and efficiency with which unintended objects—such as metallic objects—are detected in the disposal, such as further focusing on filtering of noise and shielding of unwanted environmental effects. This—and other needs—are addressed by one or more aspects and features of the present invention disclosed herein. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0005]    The present invention generally relates to apparatus and methods for detecting unintended objects in under-sink disposals and, in particular, to apparatus and methods for detecting unintended—and especially metallic—objects that fall into or otherwise enter under-sink disposals. 
         [0006]    In an aspect of the present invention, an apparatus includes: a disposal unit; a control unit configured to stop operation of the disposal unit; and a sensor and associated circuitry for detecting unintended objects that enter the disposal unit. The control unit is triggered to stop operation of the disposal unit upon the detection of such object that has entered the disposal unit. 
         [0007]    In a feature of this aspect, the control unit turns off power to the disposal unit when an unintended object is detected to have entered the disposal unit. 
         [0008]    In a feature, the control unit turns off power to the disposal unit when an unintended object is detected in the disposal unit. 
         [0009]    In a feature, the control unit causes active braking of the shredding mechanism of the disposal unit such that the disposal unit stops functioning faster than if power were merely turned off to the disposal unit. 
         [0010]    In another aspect, an apparatus includes: a disposal unit; a control unit configured to stop operation of the disposal unit; and a sensor and associated circuitry for detecting unintended objects that enter the disposal unit. The control unit is triggered to stop operation of the disposal unit upon the detection of such object that have entered the disposal unit. The sensor comprises a capacitive sensor or capacitive plate that is attached to the disposal unit. The sensor does not encircle the disposal unit. The apparatus further comprises shielding that is applied around the disposal unit proximate the area of the sensor. The shielding may comprise a plate that is attached to and encircles the disposal unit. The sensor and shielding are located above the shredding area such that unintended objects that enter the disposal unit are detected prior to reaching the shredding area, i.e., the location at which shredding occurs, whereby the motor can be deactivated preferably before shredding of the object is attempted. 
         [0011]    In another aspect, an apparatus includes: a disposal unit; a control unit configured to stop operation of the disposal unit; and a sensor and associated circuitry for detecting unintended objects that enter the disposal unit. The control unit is triggered to stop operation of the disposal unit upon the detection of such object that have entered the disposal unit. The sensor comprises a capacitive sensor having a double “D” coil arrangement whereby the detection field is shaped for better chance of detecting eddy currents in metals. The detection field preferably is shaped to be generally planar in its extent through the travel path of objects entering the shredding area of the disposal unit. The double “D” sensor preferably includes two “D” shaped coils arranged in generally mirror image to each other. Furthermore, preferably the signature detected is compared to reference signatures and is used to determine the type of metal of an object passing through the detection field. Preferably, during installation, the sensor is calibrated to take into consideration environmental effects of the specific installation. In at least one embodiment, the sensor is configured to detect precious metals, such as gold found in rings. Preferably, the sensor is attached to a side of the disposal unit and does not encircle the disposal unit. The apparatus further comprises shielding that is applied around the disposal unit proximate the area of the capacitive sensor. The shielding may comprise a plate that is attached to and that encircles or surrounds the disposal unit. The sensor and shielding are located above the shredding area such that objects are detected prior to reaching the shredding area, i.e., the location at which shredding occurs, whereby the motor can be deactivated preferably before shredding of the object is attempted and any damage is incurred. 
         [0012]    In another aspect, an apparatus includes: a disposal unit; a control unit configured to control operation of the motor of the disposal unit; and a sensor and associated circuitry for detecting unintended objects in the shredding area of the disposal unit when the motor of the disposal unit is first started for shredding. The control unit is triggered to stop operation of the disposal unit upon the detection of such object that have entered the disposal unit. The sensor comprises a microphone that is attached to the disposal unit. The sensor in at least some embodiments is located below the shredding area and, in other embodiments, the microphone is located above the shredding area. In this aspect, when the sensor control the motor that drives shredding. When the motor is activated, the motor undergoes an initial series of lower revolutions per second, and the sensor listens to determine if frequency and amplitude readings match normal ranges. Preferably, the rpms are sufficiently low that a metallic object present in the shredding area will not be damaged and the shredding mechanism of the disposal unit will not be damaged. A metallic object, for example, will have a distinct frequency and amplitude, and the presence of a metallic object in the shredding area can be determined based on a signature such object exhibits that otherwise is not present. If detected, the motor is deactivated; if no signature is detected so as to indicate presence of a metallic or other object for which signature the sensor data is screened, then the rpms of the motor is increased for normal shredding operations. The initial phase should be short enough that a user would not notice a delay in operation of the disposal unit when no unintended object is detected in the shredding area. 
         [0013]    In another aspect, an apparatus includes: a disposal unit; a control unit configured to stop operation of the disposal unit; and a sensor and associated circuitry for detecting unintended objects that enter the disposal unit. The control unit is triggered to stop operation of the disposal unit upon the detection of such object that have entered the disposal unit. The sensor comprises an ultrasonic sensor that is attached to the disposal unit and does not encircle the disposal unit. The ultrasonic sensor is configured to detect densities of objects passing thereby into the shredding area of the shredding mechanism. The sensor is located above the shredding area such that objects are detected prior to reaching the shredding area, i.e., the location at which shredding occurs, whereby the motor can be deactivated preferably before shredding of the object is attempted and any damage is incurred. 
         [0014]    In another aspect, an apparatus comprises a disposal unit; a control unit configured to operate the disposal unit; and means for detecting an unintended object that enters the disposal unit resulting in stopping operation of the disposal unit. 
         [0015]    In a feature of this aspect, the means for detecting an unintended object that enters the disposal unit resulting in stopping operation of the disposal unit comprises a sensor and associated circuitry that detects an unintended object that enters the disposal unit and that triggers the control unit to stop operation of the disposal unit. 
         [0016]    In different preferred embodiments of this aspect, the sensor respectively comprises a capacitive sensor; a capacitive plate; magnetic shielding surrounding the disposal unit in the area of the sensor; a double “D” coil arrangement; a concentric detection coil for detecting magnetic ringdown; an ultrasonic sensor; a microphone; and combinations thereof. 
         [0017]    In another aspect, a disposal system comprises a sink; a disposal unit located under the sink and connected in fluid communication with a drain of the sink for receiving waste for shredding during operation of the disposal unit; a control unit configured to operate the disposal unit; and means for detecting an unintended object that passes through the drain of the sink and enters the disposal unit, resulting in stopping operation of the disposal unit. 
         [0018]    In a feature of this aspect, the means for detecting an unintended object that enters the disposal unit resulting in stopping operation of the disposal unit comprises a sensor and associated circuitry that detects an unintended object that enters the disposal unit and that triggers the control unit to stop operation of the disposal unit. 
         [0019]    In different preferred embodiments of this aspect, the sensor respectively comprises a capacitive sensor; a capacitive plate; magnetic shielding surrounding the disposal unit in the area of the sensor; a double “D” coil arrangement; a concentric detection coil for detecting magnetic ringdown; an ultrasonic sensor; a microphone; and combinations thereof. 
         [0020]    In yet other aspects, each of the foregoing apparatus includes a combination of the foregoing sensors. 
         [0021]    Other aspects of the invention comprise methods of using apparatus of the foregoing aspects. 
         [0022]    Still other aspects comprise kits for up-fitting conventional disposal systems to those disclosed herein. Alternatively, one or more of the foregoing aspects and features can be integrated into a disposal system as manufactured and provided by an “OEM”. 
         [0023]    Still other aspects and features are disclosed in the incorporated provisional application. 
         [0024]    Still other aspects and features are disclosed in the drawings. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0025]    One or more preferred embodiments of the present invention now will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. 
           [0026]      FIG. 1  is a perspective view of a disposal unit. 
           [0027]      FIG. 1A  is a shaded view of  FIG. 1 . 
           [0028]      FIG. 2  is a perspective view of the disposal unit of  FIG. 1  in which some components are omitted for clarity of illustration. 
           [0029]      FIG. 2A  is a shaded view of  FIG. 2 . 
           [0030]      FIG. 3  is a perspective view of the disposal unit of  FIG. 2  in which some additional components are omitted for clarity of illustration. 
           [0031]      FIG. 3A  is a shaded view of  FIG. 3 . 
           [0032]      FIG. 4  is a schematic illustration of an embodiment of the invention in which the sensor comprises a capacitive plate that is used in combination with shielding. 
           [0033]      FIG. 5  is a perspective view of a disposal with capacitive plate and shielding. 
           [0034]      FIG. 6  is another perspective view of the disposal of  FIG. 5 . 
           [0035]      FIG. 7  is a perspective view of the disposal of  FIG. 6  in which some components are omitted for clarity of illustration. 
           [0036]      FIG. 7A  is a shaded view of  FIG. 7 . 
           [0037]      FIG. 8  is a schematic illustration of an embodiment of the invention in which the sensor comprises a double “D” coil arrangement that is used in combination with shielding. 
           [0038]      FIG. 9  is a perspective view of a disposal with a sensor having a double “D” coil arrangement and with shielding. 
           [0039]      FIG. 10  is another perspective view of the disposal of  FIG. 9 . 
           [0040]      FIG. 10A  is a planar schematic illustration of the double “D” of the capacitive sensor. 
           [0041]      FIG. 11  is a perspective view of the disposal unit of  FIG. 10  in which some components are omitted for clarity and illustration. 
           [0042]      FIG. 11A  is a shaded view of  FIG. 11 . 
           [0043]      FIG. 12  is a schematic illustration of an embodiment of the invention in which the sensor comprises a concentric detection coil that works based on magnetic ringdown. 
           [0044]      FIG. 13  is a perspective view of a disposal with a sensor having a detection coil, and with accompanying shielding. 
           [0045]      FIG. 14  is another perspective view of the disposal of  FIG. 13 . 
           [0046]      FIG. 15  is a perspective view of the disposal unit of  FIG. 14  in which some components are omitted for clarity and illustration. 
           [0047]      FIG. 15A  is a shaded view of  FIG. 15 . 
           [0048]      FIG. 16  is a perspective view of the disposal unit of  FIG. 15  in which some additional components are omitted for clarity and illustration. 
           [0049]      FIG. 16A  is a shaded view of  FIG. 16 . 
           [0050]      FIG. 17  is a perspective view of a top of the detection coil and accompanying magnetic shielding. 
           [0051]      FIG. 17A  is a shaded view of  FIG. 17 . 
           [0052]      FIG. 18  is a perspective view of a bottom of the detection coil and accompanying magnetic shielding of  FIG. 17 . 
           [0053]      FIG. 18A  is a shaded view of  FIG. 18 . 
           [0054]      FIG. 19  is a schematic illustration of an embodiment of the invention in which the sensor comprises an ultrasonic sensor. 
           [0055]      FIG. 19A  schematically illustrates a graph representing amplitude versus frequency of a range that is monitored by an ultrasonic sensor, whereby a metallic object located within a disposal unit is detected by reflected waves from an emitter of the sensor. 
           [0056]      FIG. 20  is a perspective view of a disposal with an ultrasonic sensor. 
           [0057]      FIG. 21  is another perspective view of the disposal of  FIG. 20 . 
           [0058]      FIGS. 22-28  are views of the ultrasonic sensor of the disposal of  FIGS. 20-21 . 
           [0059]      FIG. 29  is a schematic illustration of an embodiment of the invention in which the sensor comprises a microphone. 
           [0060]      FIG. 29A  schematically illustrates a graph representing amplitude versus frequency of a range that is monitored by a microphone, whereby a metallic object striking metal within a disposal unit is “heard” and thereby detected. 
           [0061]      FIG. 30  is a perspective view of a disposal with a sensor comprising a microphone. 
           [0062]      FIG. 31  is another perspective view of the disposal of  FIG. 30 . 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0063]    As a preliminary matter, it will readily be understood by one having ordinary skill in the relevant art (“Ordinary Artisan”) that the present invention has broad utility and application. As should be understood, any embodiment may incorporate only one or a plurality of the above-disclosed aspects of the invention and may further incorporate only one or a plurality of the above-disclosed features. Furthermore, any embodiment discussed and identified as being “preferred” is considered to be part of a best mode contemplated for carrying out the present invention. Other embodiments also may be discussed for additional illustrative purposes in providing a full and enabling disclosure of the present invention. As should be understood, any embodiment may incorporate only one or a plurality of the above-disclosed aspects of the invention and may further incorporate only one or a plurality of the above-disclosed features. Moreover, many embodiments, such as adaptations, variations, modifications, and equivalent arrangements, will be implicitly disclosed by the embodiments described herein and fall within the scope of the present invention. 
         [0064]    Accordingly, while the present invention is described herein in detail in relation to one or more embodiments, it is to be understood that this disclosure is illustrative and exemplary of the present invention, and is made merely for the purposes of providing a full and enabling disclosure of the present invention. The detailed disclosure herein of one or more embodiments is not intended, nor is to be construed, to limit the scope of patent protection afforded the present invention, which scope is to be defined by the claims and the equivalents thereof. It is not intended that the scope of patent protection afforded the present invention be defined by reading into any claim a limitation found herein that does not explicitly appear in the claim itself. 
         [0065]    Thus, for example, any sequence(s) and/or temporal order of steps of various processes or methods that are described herein are illustrative and not restrictive. Accordingly, it should be understood that, although steps of various processes or methods may be shown and described as being in a sequence or temporal order, the steps of any such processes or methods are not limited to being carried out in any particular sequence or order, absent an indication otherwise. Indeed, the steps in such processes or methods generally may be carried out in various different sequences and orders while still falling within the scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that the scope of patent protection afforded the present invention is to be defined by the appended claims rather than the description set forth herein. 
         [0066]    Additionally, it is important to note that each term used herein refers to that which the Ordinary Artisan would understand such term to mean based on the contextual use of such term herein. To the extent that the meaning of a term used herein—as understood by the Ordinary Artisan based on the contextual use of such term—differs in any way from any particular dictionary definition of such term, it is intended that the meaning of the term as understood by the Ordinary Artisan should prevail. 
         [0067]    Regarding applicability of 35 U.S.C. §112, subsection (f), no claim element is intended to be read in accordance with this statutory provision unless the explicit phrase “means for” or “step for” is actually used in such claim element, whereupon this statutory provision is intended to apply in the interpretation of such claim element. 
         [0068]    Furthermore, it is important to note that, as used herein, “a” and “an” each generally denotes “at least one,” but does not exclude a plurality unless the contextual use dictates otherwise. Thus, reference to “a picnic basket having an apple” describes “a picnic basket having at least one apple” as well as “a picnic basket having apples.” In contrast, reference to “a picnic basket having a single apple” describes “a picnic basket having only one apple.” 
         [0069]    When used herein to join a list of items, “or” denotes “at least one of the items,” but does not exclude a plurality of items of the list. Thus, reference to “a picnic basket having cheese or crackers” describes “a picnic basket having cheese without crackers”, “a picnic basket having crackers without cheese”, and “a picnic basket having both cheese and crackers.” Finally, when used herein to join a list of items, “and” denotes “all of the items of the list.” Thus, reference to “a picnic basket having cheese and crackers” describes “a picnic basket having cheese, wherein the picnic basket further has crackers,” as well as describes “a picnic basket having crackers, wherein the picnic basket further has cheese.” 
         [0070]      FIG. 1  is a perspective view of a disposal unit  100 , and  FIG. 1A  is a shaded view of the disposal unit  100 . Similarly,  FIG. 2  is a perspective view of the disposal unit  100  of  FIG. 1  in which some components are omitted for clarity of illustration, and  FIG. 2A  is a shaded view thereof;  FIG. 3  is a perspective view of the disposal unit  100  of  FIG. 2  in which some additional components are omitted for clarity of illustration, and  FIG. 3A  is a shaded view thereof. 
         [0071]    The disposal unit  100  is representative of major components of disposal units used in various preferred embodiments of the invention. As shown in  FIGS. 1 and 2 , components of the disposal unit  100  include a disposal body  102 , a tailpipe  104 , a disposal body flange  106 , a mounting ring  108 , a backup ring  110 , and a mounting gasket  112 . As shown in  FIG. 3 , components used in shredding of waste during operation of the disposal unit  100  include a body axle  114 , grinding tooth  116 , grinding tooth  118 , and endframe  120 . 
         [0072]    Preferred embodiments of aspects and features of the invention are now described in detail within the context of components of disposal units as represented by disposal unit  100 . In this respect,  FIG. 4  is a schematic illustration of an embodiment of the invention comprising a disposal unit  200  of which disposal unit  100  is representative, and with which a sensor  202  is provided comprising a capacitive plate that is used in combination with shielding  204 . In use, the capacitance of the sensor  202  is monitored. If a metallic object passes through the throat of the disposal unit  100 , the capacitance read for the plate will change indicating detection of the metallic object. The shielding  204  is believed to reduce the effect of the surroundings, making detection more accurate. Upon installation, an auto-calibrate sequence is used to adjust detection in order to account for specific ambient environmental surroundings. 
         [0073]      FIG. 5  is a perspective view of a disposal unit  300  with capacitive plate  302  and shielding  304 , of which the disposal unit  200  is representative. Another view of the disposal unit  300  is shown in  FIG. 6 . Furthermore,  FIG. 7  is a perspective view of the disposal unit  300 , in which view some components are omitted for clarity of illustration, and  FIG. 7A  is a shaded view thereof. 
         [0074]      FIG. 8  is a schematic illustration of another embodiment of the invention comprising a disposal unit  400  of which disposal unit  100  is representative, and with which a sensor  402  comprising a double “D” coil arrangement is used in combination with shielding  404 . It is believed that the double “D” coil arrangement detects the change in received signal between the source coil and the receive coil, and that the double “D” arrangement produces a planar detection field further reducing the effect of the ambient environment. 
         [0075]      FIG. 9  is a perspective view of a disposal unit  500  with a sensor  502  having a double “D” coil arrangement and with shielding  504 , of which the disposal unit  400  is representative.  FIG. 10  is another perspective view of the disposal unit  500 , and  FIG. 10A  is a planar schematic illustration perhaps best representing the double “D” of the capacitive sensor  502 . Furthermore,  FIG. 11  is a perspective view of the disposal unit  500  in which some components are omitted for clarity of illustration, and  FIG. 11A  is a shaded view thereof. 
         [0076]      FIG. 12  is a schematic illustration of another embodiment of the invention comprising a disposal unit  600  of which disposal unit  100  is representative, and with which is used a sensor  602  comprising a concentric detection coil that works based on magnetic ringdown. In use, the concentric coil works on the principle of magnetic ringdown. Magnetic ringdown creates eddy currents within metallic objects. Once the coil is turned off, the eddy current dissipate causing a magnetic field. This field is then detected by the coil. Magnetic shielding  604  is oriented around the coil to reduce the effect of the ambient environment. 
         [0077]      FIG. 13  is a perspective view of a disposal unit  700  with a sensor  702  having a detection coil, and with accompanying shielding  704 , of which the disposal unit  600  is representative.  FIG. 14  is another perspective view of the disposal unit  700 . Furthermore,  FIG. 15  is a perspective view of the disposal unit  700  in which some components are omitted for clarity of illustration, and  FIG. 15A  is a shaded view thereof; and  FIG. 16  is a perspective view of the disposal unit  700  in which some additional components are omitted for clarity of illustration, and  FIG. 16A  is a shaded view thereof. 
         [0078]    Continuing in the description of disposal unit  700 ,  FIG. 17  is a perspective view of a top of the detection coil of the sensor  702  together with the accompanying magnetic shielding  704  and  FIG. 17A  is a shaded view thereof; and  FIG. 18  is a perspective view of a bottom of the magnetic shielding  704  of  FIG. 17  and  FIG. 18A  is a shaded view thereof. 
         [0079]      FIG. 19  is a schematic illustration of another embodiment of the invention comprising a disposal unit  800  of which disposal unit  100  is representative, and with which is used an ultrasonic sensor comprising an ultrasonic receiver  802   a  and ultrasonic emitter  802   b.  In use, an ultrasonic emitter continuously energizes the disposal chamber with acoustic waves. A microphone continually detects the acoustic profile of the chamber. It is believed that the acoustic profile will have a distinct frequency profile when empty. With the addition of a metallic object, the acoustic profile will change. This change is monitored and detected through software, and the detection is recorded. After installation, a calibration sequence determines normal operating profiles including therein environmental factors of the specific installation. As illustrated by the schematic graph of  FIG. 19A , it is believed that metallic objects will cause the profile to be different from those of normal operating profiles, thereby indicating the presence of the metallic object. 
         [0080]      FIG. 20  is a perspective view of a disposal unit  900  with an ultrasonic sensor  902 , of which the disposal unit  800  is representative.  FIG. 21  is another perspective view of the disposal unit  900 , and  FIGS. 22-28  schematically illustrate views of the ultrasonic sensor  902 . 
         [0081]    Lastly,  FIG. 29  is a schematic illustration of another embodiment of the invention comprising a disposal unit  1000  of which disposal unit  100  is representative, and with which is used a sensor comprising a microphone  1002 . In use, the microphone is used to monitor a frequency band representing metal on metal contact. As schematically represented in the graph of  FIG. 29A , the dashed line is representative of no metal being heard in the shredding area of the disposal unit  1000 , and the solid line is representative of a metallic object that is “heard” in the shredding area of the disposal unit  1000 . The metal is heard as a metallic object strikes a metal wall within the disposal unit  1000 . Preferably, upon starting the motor spins slowing initially. If any metallic object is heard, then the motor is deactivated. If a metallic object is heard after the initial startup while the motor is running and waste is being shredded, then the motor is likewise deactivated. 
         [0082]      FIG. 30  is a perspective view of a disposal unit  1100  with a sensor  1102  comprising a microphone, of which the disposal unit  1000  is representative, and  FIG. 31  is another perspective view of the disposal unit  1100 . 
         [0083]    Of course, it will be appreciated the circuitry operatively connected to—and in some cases forming a part of—the sensor in each of the foregoing schematically illustrated embodiments is operative to trigger a control unit (not shown) of the disposal unit for stopping shredding operation of the disposal unit. Such circuitry and control unit has been omitted in the drawings where not shown for clarity of illustration. 
         [0084]    Based on the foregoing description, it will be readily understood by those persons skilled in the art that the present invention is susceptible of broad utility and application. Many embodiments and adaptations of the present invention other than those specifically described herein, as well as many variations, modifications, and equivalent arrangements, will be apparent from or reasonably suggested by the present invention and the foregoing descriptions thereof, without departing from the substance or scope of the present invention. Accordingly, while the present invention has been described herein in detail in relation to one or more preferred embodiments, it is to be understood that this disclosure is only illustrative and exemplary of the present invention and is made merely for the purpose of providing a full and enabling disclosure of the invention. The foregoing disclosure is not intended to be construed to limit the present invention or otherwise exclude any such other embodiments, adaptations, variations, modifications or equivalent arrangements, the present invention being limited only by the claims appended hereto and the equivalents thereof.