Abstract:
The invention relates to a method and a device for equalizing the pressures in the melting chamber and in the cooling water system of a special melting unit, for example a pressure electroslag remelting (PESR) unit having a copper ingot mold, or a pressure induction furnace having an induction coil and a cooling water system, designed as a closed, separate pressure circuit.

Description:
BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
   This application claim priority from German 103 08 982.9-24 filed Mar. 1, 2003. hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. 
   The invention relates to a method and a device for equalizing the pressures in the melting chamber and in the cooling water system of a special melting unit, for example a pressure electroslag remelting (PESR) unit having a copper ingot mold, or a pressure induction furnace having an induction coil and a cooling water system, designed as a closed, separate pressure circuit. 
   In one known method and device for operating a pressure electroslag remelting unit (DE 37 21 945), the pressure of the water used for cooling is kept sufficiently high so that it neither rises above nor falls below the gas pressure inside the unit by more than 5 bar. The water is circulated in a closed pressurized water circuit. The heat released to the cooling water via the ingot mold is led to a heat exchanger for recooling. When the cooling water pressure drops, excess water is discharged on one side and gas is discharged on the other side. To this end, in the pressurized water circuit a closing element is opened on the gas side, and at a predetermined pressure is automatically closed. The closing element is actuated by the piston in the piston-type accumulator, the closing element being spring-loaded and the closing pressure being adjustable by the spring pretension. To compensate for cooling water losses from the cooling water system, a pump for leaking water and a feed line for leaking water are provided, the piston in the piston-type accumulator being held in the center position. 
   One disadvantage of the known method is that the cooling water pressure is maintained over an excessively wide range, namely +/−5 bar. 
   A further disadvantage of the known method is the limited possibility for counteracting a pressure rise in the cooling water chamber or in the melting chamber, which in practice could result in hazardous situations or even catastrophes. In DE 37 21 945 a counteraction is provided only in the event of a pressure drop. 
   A further disadvantage of the known device lies in the direct connection between the melting chamber of the unit and the pressure-compensating piston-type accumulator. Experience has shown that the direct connection leads to contamination and corrosion of the interior of the piston-type accumulator as a result of corrosive gases and contaminants carried over from the melting chamber. The contamination results in impairment of the sliding properties of the inner wall of the piston-type accumulator, the sliding surface of the piston, and the piston rod connected thereto. The result is impairment of the system function caused by jerky motions of the piston. The pressure on both ingot mold side walls is no longer dynamically equalized, but instead changes abruptly, additionally resulting in intermittent mechanical stresses on the ingot mold wall. Such intermittent stresses must be absolutely avoided, however, since otherwise a delay of the copper crucible in the melting range can occur, in particular when as a result of the operating conditions the temperature of the slag bath becomes very high during remelting, so that the inner wall temperature of the copper rises to values at which the yield point of the copper is low thereafter. At temperatures above 200° C. an unacceptable bulge in the copper crucible results, which in the worst-case scenario can lead to the ingot being caught in the ingot mold. 
   The object of the present invention is to provide a method and a device for equalizing the pressures in the melting chamber and in the cooling water system of a special melting unit, for example a pressure electroslag remelting (PESR) unit having a copper ingot mold, or a pressure induction furnace having an induction coil and a cooling water system, for which the pressure equalization occurs in a much narrower range, for example at +/−0.5 bar, and for which no abrupt pressure changes are possible on either of the ingot mold side walls. 
   In the event of a pressure rise in one of the two chambers—the melting chamber of the unit and the cooling water chamber for the copper ingot mold or interior of the induction coil—the method is also intended to provide counteraction in such a way that the copper wall of the ingot mold or of the induction coil undergoes no unacceptable mechanical stress. 
   The device for the method is intended to assure the dynamic pressure equalization at the two side walls, whereby the sliding properties of the inner wall of the piston-type accumulator and of the surface area of the piston should remain over a long period of time. 
   The device should also be easy to repair and maintain. 
   This object is achieved according to the invention by a method in which the pressure difference is maintained in a range from 0 to +/−0.5 bar, whereby the gas from the melting chamber of the unit is first led into an intermediate vessel containing hydraulic liquid, and only then is the hydraulic liquid supplied to one of the two chambers of a piston-type accumulator, whereby, corresponding to a pressure drop or pressure rise in one of the two media, counteraction is provided by discharging excess gas or by additional repumping of cooling water, or vice versa, and the direction of the countereffect for a pressure drop or pressure rise is determined by the magnitude and rate of the pressure drop/pressure rise. 
   The device for the method essentially comprises a piston-type accumulator which is subdivided by a piston into two variable-volume chambers, whereby the one chamber is connected via a pipe and control fittings to the cooling water circuit for the ingot mold or the induction coil. A heat exchanger, one or more circulating pumps, and an additional high pressure water refill pump are correspondingly provided in this cooling water circuit. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING 
     The FIGURE depicts a device according to the present invention. 
   

   DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
   According to the invention, the other chamber of the piston-type accumulator is connected via an additional pipe and control fittings to an intermediate vessel which is partially filled with a hydraulic liquid, the intermediate vessel being connected via an additional pipe with control and shutoff fittings to the melting chamber of the PESR unit or of the pressure induction furnace, and one or more pressure sensors being mounted in each of the above-referenced pipes, whereby, corresponding to the design pressure of the unit, the piston-type accumulator may be designed as a hydraulic cylinder with a continuous piston rod or as a pneumatic cylinder with a magnetic piston, and the high pressure water refill pump is designed as a metering pump. 
   The invention allows many different types of possible embodiments; one of these is illustrated in purely schematic form in the accompanying drawing. 
   A pressure electroslag remelting unit essentially comprises a pressure vessel  1  which is composed of a cooling crucible  2  and a furnace hood  3  which can be closed pressure- and vacuum-tight by a bayonet lock  4 . Cooling crucible  2  accommodates a copper ingot mold  6 , closed off from below by a bottom plate  5 , in which a remelt ingot  7  is formed by melting off consumable electrode  8  in slag  9 . 
   Furnace hood  3  has on its upper end a pressure bushing  10  through which an electrode rod  11 , used as the high-current supply line, with a high-current connector  12  extends into the interior of the unit. Electrode rod  11  is connected on one end via a high-current cable  13  to power source  14 , and is connected on the other end via a high-current terminal  15  to consumable electrode  8 . 
   In addition, a piston-type accumulator  19  which is subdivided by a piston  16  into two variable-volume chambers  17  and  18  is provided in cooling water circuit  20  for copper ingot mold/induction coil  6 . A heat exchanger  24 , one or more circulating pumps  25 , and an additional high pressure water refill pump  26  are correspondingly provided in cooling water circuit  20 . According to the invention, the other chamber  18  of piston-type accumulator  19  is connected via pipe  27  and control fittings  28 ,  29  to an intermediate vessel  30  which is partially filled with a hydraulic liquid  31 . Intermediate vessel  30  is connected via an additional hydraulic line  32  with control and shutoff fittings  33 ,  34  to melting chamber  35  of the PESR unit or of the pressure induction furnace. One or more pressure sensors  36  are respectively mounted in each of the above-referenced pipes. Piston-type accumulator  19  may be designed as a hydraulic cylinder with a continuous piston rod  37  or as a pneumatic cylinder with a magnetic piston. Depending on the piston-type accumulator design, position switches  38  are attached either on an additional track  39  parallel to the piston rod, or directly to wall  40  of the pneumatic cylinder. High pressure water refill pump  26  has been selected as a metering pump. 
   The object upon which the invention is based is achieved by the fact that piston  16  in piston-type accumulator  19  is acted on by the pressure in melting chamber  35  and by the pressure in cooling crucible  2  solely by means of liquids. The process gas introduced into melting chamber  31  acts primarily via line  27  on hydraulic oil  31  present in intermediate vessel  30 , whereby the hydraulic oil correspondingly adjusts the pressure in storage chamber  17  via hydraulic line  32  Other functions such as rapid replacement of the hydraulic liquid, ventilation of the pipe system, or detection of pressure are provided by additional fittings in the piping of the system. 
   Continuous piston rod  37  or magnetic piston  16  is also used for actuating position switches  38 , so that the extreme motions of piston  16 , in particular during transmission processes such as filling the unit with process gas, are detected and relayed to the control system for the unit. 
   Since a gas pressure is present in melting chamber  35  which is different from atmospheric pressure, by use of the device according to the invention the pressure of the cooling water is compared to the melting pot pressure, thereby assuring that cooling water and process gas never come into direct contact with one another. 
   Pressure-transmitting piston  16  “floats” between two liquids, so that the friction between piston  16  and the inner wall of piston-type accumulator  19  is minimum and constant. As a result of the minimized friction between piston  16  and the inner wall of the cylinder, the system operates in a particularly sensitive manner. 
   The service life of the device is particularly long, since no corrosion and/or contamination whatsoever is to be expected in the equalizing device. 
   REFERENCE NUMBER LIST 
   LISTING OF INDIVIDUAL COMPONENTS 
   
       
         1  Pressure vessel 
         2  Cooling crucible 
         3  Furnance hood 
         4  Bayonet lock 
         5  Bottom plate 
         6  Copper ingot mold 
         7  Remelt Ingot 
         8  Electrode 
         9  Slag 
         10  Pressure bushing 
         11  Electric rod 
         12  High-current connector 
         13  High-current cable 
         14  Power source 
         15  High-current source 
         16  Piston 
         17  Variable-volume chamber 
         18  Variable-volume chamber 
         19  Piston-type accumulator 
         20  Cooling water circuit 
       
         21 
       
       
         22 
       
       
         23 
       
         24  Heat exchanger 
         25  Circulating pump 
         26  High pressure water refill pump 
         27  Pipe 
         28  Control fitting 
         29  Control fitting 
         30  Intermediate vessel 
         31  Hydraulic liquid 
         32  Hydraulic line 
         33  Control and shutoff fitting 
         34  Control and shutoff fitting 
         35  Melting chamber 
         36  Pressure sensor 
         37  Piston rod 
         38  Position switch 
         39  Track 
         40  Wall