Abstract:
In accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure, a method includes driving a piston by mechanically harnessing an explosion of energetic material contained in a cartridge. The method further includes releasing cleanser contained in the cartridge in response to the explosion of the energetic material.

Description:
RELATED APPLICATION 
       [0001]    This application claims benefit under 35 U.S.C. §119(e) of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/022,105, entitled “SELF-CLEANING CARTRIDGE ACTUATED AND PROPELLANT ACUTAED DEVICES” filed Jan. 18, 2008. 
     
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
       [0002]    This disclosure relates in general to cartridge actuated and propellant actuated devices, and more particularly to self-cleaning cartridge actuated and propellant actuated devices. 
       BACKGROUND 
       [0003]    Cartridge Actuated Devices (CADs) and Propellant Actuated Devices (PADs) are typically self-contained energy sources that are used to do mechanical work. In operation, some such devices may release precise explosive or propellant energy to perform controlled work functions in a variety of military and private industry applications. For example, PADs include such devices as catapults, rocket catapults, and rocket motors which are used in military aircrew escape systems. These devices, in conjunction with various CADs and other life-support equipment, provide the capability to eject aircrew safely from disabled aircraft. Non-aircraft applications have included emergency systems for deep diving submersibles and submarines, propulsion units for mine field markers, release mechanisms for allowing separation of missile stages, timing systems for hand grenade fuses, inflation systems for marking locations of buoys, and recovery systems for reentry space vehicles. In the private sector many of the proposed air bag approaches to passive driver restraint systems are CAD&#39;s because of the quick response required and space/weight restrictions. In addition, some such devices are used to pressurize emergency fire suppression systems. The performance and maintenance of some conventional CADs and PADs, however, are limited for a variety of reasons. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0004]    In accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure, a method includes driving a piston by mechanically harnessing an explosion of energetic material contained in a cartridge. The method further includes releasing cleanser contained in the cartridge in response to the explosion of the energetic material. 
         [0005]    Technical advantages of certain embodiments of the present disclosure include a self-cleaning CAD or PAD that provide enhanced performance and reliability while minimizing maintenance. Some embodiments may clean residue left behind by the use of a previous CAD. In addition, some embodiments may cool down the combustion and slow the pressure rise resulting from the CAD explosion, thereby stretching and smoothing out the mechanical response while mitigating the risk of sudden pressure spikes. Some embodiments provide a self-lubricating CAD or PAD. 
         [0006]    Other technical advantages of the present disclosure will be readily apparent to one skilled in the art from the following figures, descriptions, and claims. Moreover, while specific advantages have been enumerated above, various embodiments may include all, some, or none of the enumerated advantages. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0007]    For a more complete understanding of the present disclosure and its advantages, reference is now made to the following description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: 
           [0008]      FIG. 1  is a cross-sectional view of a portion of a Cartridge Actuated Device (CAD) according to one embodiment; and 
           [0009]      FIG. 2  is a cross-section view of a portion of gun cleaning cartridge according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0010]    The example embodiments of the present disclosure are best understood by referring to  FIGS. 1 and 2  of the drawings, like numerals being used for like and corresponding parts of the various drawings. 
         [0011]      FIG. 1  is a cross-sectional view of a portion of a Cartridge Actuated Device (CAD)  100  according to one embodiment. In various embodiments, CAD  100  may function as one or more components of a system. In this example, CAD  100  generally includes an initiator  102 , energetic material  104 , and cleaning module  106 , all housed within a cartridge  108 . In operation, initiator  102  may initiate the release of explosive or propellant energy by energetic material  104 , which may be mechanically harnessed to perform controlled work functions. The precise explosive or propellant energy released by energetic material  104  may also effect the release of the contents of cleaning module  106 , thereby generally enhancing performance and reliability of the system using CAD  100 , as explained by example further below. 
         [0012]    Initiator  102  generally refers to any device, mechanism, or system capable of effecting the release of energy stored within energetic material  104 . The initiation provided by initiator  102  may be in the form of electrical energy (e.g., a particular voltage level), mechanical energy, optical energy (e.g., involving a laser, fiber optics, etc.), pressure (e.g., ballistic hot gas, a pneumatic hose, etc.), combustion energy (e.g., conventional primary explosive and boost charge, an exploding foil initiator, an explosive cord, fuel, etc.), any combination of the proceeding, or any other suitable form. In a particular embodiment, for example, initiator  102  may include a firing pin. In this example, however, initiator  102  includes conductive material capable of heating up in response to an applied voltage (e.g., 28 volts), thereby causing a sensitive primary explosive in initiator  102  to explode. The explosion of initiator  102  triggers the release of energy stored within energetic material  104 . 
         [0013]    Energetic material  104  generally refers to any suitable material(s) capable of releasing precise explosive or propellant energy. For example, energetic material  104  may include red dot powder, black powder, smokeless powder, hexanitrostilbene (HNS), bistetrazolylaminotetrazine (BTATz), high Nitrogen energetics, a combustible plastic, gel or liquid, any suitable combination of the preceding, or any other suitable material capable of releasing precise explosive or propellant energy. In this example, energetic material  104  includes a tight cluster of compressed pellets with gaps filled in by powder, as illustrated in  FIG. 1 . In some embodiments, energetic material  104  generates residual byproducts when actuated. For example, the explosive release of some energetic material  104  may generate carbon soot that might inhibit performance and reliability of a system using CAD  100 , or otherwise complicate maintenance of such a system. In some such embodiments, cleaning module  106  may be placed in close proximity to energetic material  104  so as to minimize the undesired effects of such byproducts. 
         [0014]    Cleaning module  106  generally refers to any material(s) capable of mitigating one or more effects resulting from the release of energy stored within energetic material  104 . For example, cleaning module  106  may include water, detergent, light oil, padding or wadding, any combination of the proceeding, or any other material capable of mitigating the undesired effects resulting from the release of energy stored within energetic material  104 . The material within cleaning module  106  may be in any suitable form, including, for example, solid, liquid, or gel. In this example, cleaning module  106  includes a separately encapsulated detergent placed in close proximity to energetic material  104 . In this manner, the energy release of energetic material  106  may vaporize and spread the detergent in a manner that benefits a system using CAD  100 , as explained by example further below. Although  FIG. 1  illustrates cleaning module  106  housed within cartridge  108 , cleaning module  106  may alternatively be located outside cartridge  108 . For example, in some alternative embodiments, cleaning module  106  may be located proximate to an outer wall of cartridge  108  and/or may be a separable but related component of the overall system. Cartridge  108  generally refers to any suitable housing operable to contain the components of CAD  100 . In some embodiments, cartridge  108  may be in 1-pound, 4-pound, 5-pound, and 8-pound sizes, which in some cases may be suitable for hand-loading and muzzle-loading purposes; however, the size of cartridge  108  may have any suitable size depending on the application. 
         [0015]    The operation of particular embodiments of the present disclosure may be explained in the context of a bomb/missile rack used to secure one or more bombs/missiles to a military aircraft. In some such embodiments, CAD  100  may be a component of a stores release system. In operation, a pilot or bombardier triggers a signal that causes the release system to shove the bomb(s)/missile(s) away from the aircraft. In a particular embodiment, for example, initiator  102  may trigger energetic material  104 , thereby effecting a precise explosion that is mechanically harnessed to open hooks that are holding the bomb(s)/missile(s) and/or to power pistons that shove the bomb(s)/missile(s) away from the aircraft. 
         [0016]    The explosions of energetic material  104  may also generate any of a variety of undesirable byproducts or effects. For example, the explosion may raise pressure and temperature very quickly, which may generate pressure spikes that negatively affect the mechanics and reliability of the system. In addition, the explosions may leave behind residue that can cause corrosion that generates friction or otherwise inhibits subsequent use of the system. Some conventional bomb racks are dismantled after every one or two firings in order to clean the carbon soot left behind by prior bomb releases, which may waste valuable time and resources during what may very well be a state of emergency in some cases. 
         [0017]    Accordingly, the teachings of some embodiments of the present disclosure provide a self-cleaning CAD  100  that includes cleaning module  106 . More specifically, the explosion of energetic material  104  may vaporize and spread the contents of cleaning module  106 , thereby cleaning at least some of the residue left behind by the previous CAD  100  and perhaps even some of the residue generated by the current explosion. In addition, the release of the contents within cleaning module  106  may cool down the combustion and slow the pressure rise resulting from the explosion, thereby stretching and smoothing out the mechanical response while mitigating the risk of sudden pressure spikes. In some embodiments, the contents of cleaning module  106  may also be used for lubrication purposes. Thus, some of the advantages of the present disclosure apply to CADs and PADs that are expended in repeated operations, such as those used for stores release, in addition to CADs and PADs that are typically used only in emergencies, such as aviator ejection systems. 
         [0018]    Although guns and explosive destruct devices are generally not regarded as CAD or PAD systems, guns and explosive destruct devices might similarly benefit from some of the teachings of the present disclosure. One example embodiment of a gun cleaning cartridge is described with reference to  FIG. 2 . 
         [0019]      FIG. 2  is a cross-section view of a portion of a gun cleaning cartridge  200  according to a particular embodiment. The illustrated cartridge  200  generally includes a mechanical snap-action switch  202 , power source  204 , initiator  206 , energetic material  208 , and cleaning module  210 . In this example, cartridge  200  is designed as a specialized “blank” cartridge that may be configured to fit into the barrel of a firearm (e.g., a pistol, rifle, etc.) and capable of cleaning the gun barrel in response to the firing mechanism of the gun. 
         [0020]    Mechanical snap-action switch  202  generally refers to any switch capable of mechanically closing contacts of an electrical circuit in response to an applied pressure exceeding a particular threshold. For example, switch  202  may be configured to respond to the hammer action of a firearm by mechanically closing a circuit that effects the release of energy stored in power source  204 . In various embodiments, switch  202  may comprise a contact area that forms a portion of one of the faces of cartridge  200 . For example, a contact area of switch  202  may be located near the center of the case head of cartridge  200  for use with firearms that shoot center-fire ammunition or switch  202  may alternatively be located near the rim of the case head for use with firearms that shoot rim-fire ammunition. 
         [0021]    Power source  204  generally refers to any electrical circuit component capable of providing electrical energy. For example, power source  204  may be a high voltage capacitor capable of discharging voltages within the range of 1,000 to 10,000 volts; however, any suitable power source  204  capable of producing any suitable level of electrical energy may be used. 
         [0022]    Initiator  206  generally refers to any component capable of initiating the explosion of energetic material  208 . For example, initiator  206  may be an exploding foil initiator (EFI) comprising one or more foils; however, any suitable initiator  206  comprising any of a variety of subcomponents may be used. 
         [0023]    Energetic material  208  generally refers to any suitable material(s) capable of releasing explosive energy or propellant energy. In various embodiments, energetic material  208  may comprise a secondary explosive that may be relatively insensitive to shock, friction, and/or heat. For example, Energetic material  208  may include red dot powder, black powder, smokeless powder, hexanitrostilbene (HNS), bistetrazolylaminotetrazine (BTATz), high Nitrogen energetics, a combustible plastic, gel or liquid, any suitable combination of the preceding, or any other suitable material capable of releasing explosive or propellant energy. 
         [0024]    Cleaning module  210  generally refers to any material(s) that may be used to clean a portion of a gun. For example, cleaning module  210  may include water, detergent, light oil, padding or wadding, any combination of the proceeding, or any other material capable of cleaning a portion of a gun. In the illustrated example, cleaning module  210  includes one or more cleaning agent(s)  210   a  in the form of a solid, liquid, and/or gel, which cleaning agent(s)  210   a  are at least partially separated from wadding  210   b  within cartridge  200 ; however, all or a portion of cleaning agent(s)  210   a  and wadding  210   b  may alternatively be combined at a particular location within cartridge  200 . 
         [0025]    In operation, cartridge  200  may be loaded into a firearm in a manner substantially similar to the manner ammunition is typically loaded. Taking proper safety precautions, a user may squeeze the trigger of the firearm to implement the cleaning function of cartridge  200 . More specifically, in a particular embodiment, the hammer action of the firearm may initiate the snap-action of switch  202 , which mechanically closes a circuit that enables the transfer of electrical energy from power source  204  to initiator  206 . The transferred energy may cause a thin metallic foil of initiator  206  to explode or vaporize and may rapidly accelerate another foil or flyer plate into contact with energetic material  208 , thereby causing energetic material  208  to explode. The heat and/or pressure generated by the explosion of energetic material may vaporize and/or spread the components of cleaning module  210  along the length of the barrel of the firearm, thereby providing a cleaning mechanism for the firearm. 
         [0026]    Thus, various embodiments of cartridge  200  may initiate the explosion of energetic material  208  electro-mechanically without the use of a primary explosive substance and thus may not necessarily include hazardous materials commonly used in primary explosives, such as, for example, mercury fulminate, lead styphnate, lead azide etc. Such electro-mechanical initiating mechanisms may not only be safer than the primary/secondary explosive combination of conventional ammunition, but may also provide a cleaner and more condensed initiating mechanism, thereby optimizing the cleaning efficiency and design flexibility of cartridge  200 . 
         [0027]    Although the present disclosure has been described with several embodiments, a myriad of changes, variations, alterations, transformations, and modifications may be suggested to one skilled in the art, and it is intended that the present disclosure encompass such changes, variations, alterations, transformations, and modifications as fall within the scope of the appended claims.