Abstract:
Disclosed herein is a red phosphorescent compound represented by Formula 1 below: 
     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
           
             wherein 
           
         
       
     
     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Further disclosed herein is an organic electroluminescent (EL) device using the red phosphorescent compound.

Description:
[0001]    This application claims the benefits of Korean Patent Application No. 10-2007-097301 filed on Sep. 27, 2007 and of Korean Patent Application No. 10-2007-106495 filed on Oct. 23, 2008, which are hereby incorporated by reference as if fully set forth herein. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    1. Field of the Invention 
         [0003]    The present invention relates to a red phosphorescent compound and an organic electroluminescent device using the same. 
         [0004]    2. Discussion of the Related Art 
         [0005]    In general, when electric charges are injected into an organic light-emitting layer formed between an electron injecting electrode (cathode) and a hole injecting electrode (anode) of an organic electroluminescent device, electrons combine with holes to create electron-hole pairs, which then decay to emit light. 
         [0006]    Organic electroluminescent devices have advantages in that they can be fabricated on flexible transparent substrates (e.g., plastic substrates) and can be operated at a voltage (e.g., 10 V or below) lower than those required to operate plasma display panels (PDPs, and inorganic electroluminescent devices. Other advantages of organic electroluminescent devices are relatively low power consumption and excellent color reproduction. 
         [0007]    Further, since organic electroluminescent (EL) devices can emit light of three colors (i.e., green, blue and red), they have been the focus of intense interest lately as next-generation full color display devices. 
         [0008]    A general method for fabricating organic EL devices will be briefly explained below. 
         [0009]    First, an anode electrode is formed on a transparent substrate. 
         [0010]    Indium tin oxide (ITO) is generally used as the anode electrode. 
         [0011]    Subsequently, a hole injecting layer (HIL) is formed on the anode electrode. Copper (II) phthalocyanine (CuPc) is mainly used as a material of the hole injecting layer. The hole injecting layer (HIL) is formed to a thickness of about 10 to about 30 nm. 
         [0012]    Then, a hole transport layer (HTL) is formed on the hole injecting layer. 
         [0013]    The hole transport layer is formed by depositing 4,4′-bis[N-(1-naphthyl)-N-phenylamino]-biphenyl (NPB) to a thickness of about 30 to about 60 nm on the hole injecting layer. 
         [0014]    An organic light-emitting layer is formed on the hole transport layer. 
         [0015]    If necessary, a dopant may be added to a material for the organic light-emitting layer. 
         [0016]    For red phosphorescence emission, 4,4′-N,N′-dicarbazole-biphenyl(CBP) as a material for the organic light-emitting layer is deposited to a thickness of about 30 to about 60 nm on the hole transport layer, and an iridium complex is mainly used as the dopant. 
         [0017]    An electron transport layer (ETL) and an electron injecting layer (EIL) are sequentially formed on the organic light-emitting layer. Alternatively, an electron injecting/transport layer is formed on the organic light-emitting layer. 
         [0018]    Tris(8-hydroxy-quinolate)aluminum (Alq3) is mainly used as a material of the hole transport layer. 
         [0019]    Then, a cathode electrode is formed on the electron injecting layer, and finally a passivation film is formed thereon. 
         [0020]    Blue, green and red organic electroluminescent devices can be realized, depending on the formation method of the light-emitting layer. 
         [0021]    In the light-emitting layer, holes injected from the anode electrode are recombined with electrons injected from the cathode electrode to form excitons. 
         [0022]    The excitons are composed of singlet excitons and triplet excitons present in a ratio of 1:3. Only singlet excitons are used in fluorescence, whereas both singlet excitons and triplet excitons are used in phosphorescence processes to exhibit higher luminescence efficiency. 
         [0023]    In particular, the quantum efficiency of red phosphorescent materials is considerably high, compared to that of fluorescent materials. Accordingly, a number of studies associated with the use of red phosphorescent materials in organic electroluminescent devices are being made to enhance the efficiency of the organic electroluminescent devices. 
         [0024]    Luminescence efficiency (η le ) is represented by the equation below: 
         [0000]      η le   =k·η   int ·η out    
         [0025]    wherein k is human color sensitivity, η int  is internal quantum efficiency and η out  is outcoupling efficiency. 
         [0026]    In order to obtain high external quantum efficiency, phosphorescent materials for use in organic EL devices must satisfy the requirement of high internal quantum efficiency. However, as shown in  FIG. 1 , as the color purity of an organic EL device using a red phosphorescent material increases as the x-values on CIE chromaticity coordinates increase), the relative spectral sensitivity of the organic EL device decreases, making it difficult to achieve external quantum efficiency comparable to internal quantum efficiency. 
         [0027]    Accordingly, there is a demand for development of a red phosphorescent compound that exhibits high color purity (CIE color purity X≧0.65), high luminescence efficiency, and long luminescence lifetime. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0028]    Accordingly, the present invention is directed to a red phosphorescent compound and an organic electroluminescent (EL) device using the same that substantially obviate one or more problems due to limitations and disadvantages of the related art. 
         [0029]    An object of the present invention is to provide a red phosphorescent compound of Formula 1 useful as a dopant of a light-emitting layer, which exhibits high color purity, high luminescence efficiency, and long luminescence lifetime. 
         [0030]    Another object of the present invention is to provide an organic electroluminescent (EL) device using the red phosphorescent compound. 
         [0031]    Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings. 
         [0032]    To achieve these objects and other advantages and in accordance with the purpose of the invention, as embodied and broadly described herein, there is provided a red phosphorescent compound of Formula 1 below: 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0033]    wherein 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0034]    wherein R1, R2, R3 and R4 may be each independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6  alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6  alkoxy, and combinations thereof, in which at least two of R1, R2, R3 and R4 may be C1-C6 alkyl or C1-C6 alkoxy; 
         [0035]    in which the C 1 -C 6  alkyl may be selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, i-butyl and t-butyl, and the C 1 -C 6  alkoxy may be selected from the group consisting of methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, i-propoxy, n-butoxy, i-butoxy and t-butoxy; and 
         [0036]    R1, R2, R3 and R4 may be each independently selected from a substituted or unsubstituted halogen including F, Cl and Br. 
         [0037]    According to the present invention, there is provided an organic electroluminescent (EL) device comprising an anode, a cathode and a light-emitting layer interposed therebetween, wherein the red phosphorescent compound of Formula 1 is used as a dopant for the light-emitting layer. 
         [0038]    The light-emitting layer may use, as a host, one selected from an Al complex, a Zn complex and a carbazole derivative. 
         [0039]    In Formula 1, 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
           
             wherein R1, R2, R3 and R4 may be each independently selected from hydrogen, C 1 -C 6  alkyl, and C 1 -C 4  alkoxy, in which at least one of R1, R2, R3 and R4 may be C 1 -C 6  alkyl; and 
           
         
       
     
         [0041]    R5, R6 and R7 may be each independently selected from hydrogen, C 1 -C 6  alkyl, C 1 -C 4  alkoxy, and combinations thereof, in which at least two of R5, R6 and R7 may be C1-C6 alkyl or C1-C6 alkoxy,
       in which the C 1 -C 6  alkyl may be selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, i-butyl and t-butyl, and the C 1 -C 4  alkoxy may be selected from the group consisting of methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, i-propoxy, n-butoxy, i-butoxy and t-butoxy.       
 
         [0043]    According to the present invention, there is provided an organic electroluminescent (EL) device comprising an anode electrode, a cathode electrode and a light-emitting layer interposed therebetween, wherein the red phosphorescent compound of Formula 1 is used as a dopant for the light-emitting layer. 
         [0044]    The light-emitting layer may use, as a host, one selected from an Al complex, a Zn complex and a carbazole derivative. 
         [0045]    It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description of the present invention are exemplary and explanatory and are intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0046]    The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principle of the invention. In the drawings: 
           [0047]      FIG. 1  shows a graph showing a phenomenon wherein, as the color purity of an organic EL device increases, the relative spectral sensitivity of the organic EL device decreases; and 
           [0048]      FIG. 2  shows structural formulas of organic compounds used in the first embodiment of the present invention; and 
           [0049]      FIG. 3  shows structural formulas of organic compounds used in the second embodiment of the present invention. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0050]    The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be illustrated in detail with reference to the annexed drawings. 
       First Embodiment 
       [0051]    A first embodiment of the present invention provides a red phosphorescent compound represented by Formula 1 below: 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0052]    wherein 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0053]    wherein R1, R2, R3 and R4 may be each independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6  alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6  alkoxy, and combinations thereof, in which at least two of R1, R2, R3 and R4 may be C1-C6 alkyl or C1-C6 alkoxy;
       in which the C 1 -C 6  alkyl may be selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, i-butyl and t-butyl, and the C 1 -C 6  alkoxy may be selected from the group consisting of methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, i-propoxy, n-butoxy, i-butoxy and t-butoxy; and       
 
         [0055]    R1, R2, R3 and R4 may be selected from a substituted or unsubstituted halogen, including F, Cl and Br. 
         [0056]    In Formula 1, 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0000]    is selected from the group consisting of 2,4-pentanedione 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0000]    2,2,6,6,-teteramethylheptane-3,5-dione 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0000]    1,3-propanedione 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0057]    1,3-butanedione 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0000]    3,5-heptanedione 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0000]    1,1,1-trifluoro-2,4-pentanedione 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0058]    1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoro-2,4-pentanedione 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0000]    and 2,2-dimethyl-3,5-hexanedione 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0059]    In the first embodiment, 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0000]    of Formula 1 is selected from the following compounds: 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0060]    Examples of preferred compounds that can be represented by Formula 1 include the following compounds: 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0061]    In the first embodiment, the present invention provides an organic electroluminescent (EL) device that has a structure wherein a light-emitting layer is interposed between an anode and a cathode, in which the red phosphorescent compound of Formula 1 is used as a dopant for the light-emitting layer. 
         [0062]    The light-emitting layer may use a host selected from Al complexes, Zn complexes and carbazole derivatives. 
         [0063]    Preferably, the Al and Zn complexes may have at least one ligand selected from quinol, biphenyl, isoquinol, phenyl, methylquinol, dimethylquinol and dimethylisoquinol, and the carbazole derivative may be 4,4′-N,N′ dicarbazole biphenyl (CBP). 
         [0064]    Preferably, the dopant is used in an amount of 0.1 to 50′ by weight. 
         [0065]    Hereinafter, a method for synthesizing some phosphorescent compounds used for organic electroluminescent devices according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be given below. 
       Synthesis Example 
     (1) Synthesis of 2-(3,5-dimethylphenyl-3,6-dimethylquinoline 
       [0066]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0067]    3,5-dimethylphenyl borate (12 mmol), 2-chloro-3,6-dimethylquinoline (10 mmol), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0)(0.5 mmol) and potassium carbonate (30 mmol) are dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (60 ml) and distilled water (20 ml) in a dried two-neck round bottom flask and then stirred at about 100° C. for about 6 hours. After completion of the reaction, the tetrahydrofuran is removed. 
         [0068]    Subsequently, the reaction mixture is extracted with dichloromethane and water, distilled under reduced pressure and purified by silica gel column chromatography. 
         [0069]    Then, the solvents are distilled under reduced pressure and recrystallized with dichloromethane and petroleum ether. The resulting solid is filtered to yield the target compound, 2-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-3,6-dimethylquinoline. 
       (2) Synthesis of Chloro-Crosslinked Dimer Complex 
       [0070]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0071]    Iridium (III) chloride (5 mmol) and 2-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-3,6-dimethylquinoline (12 mmol) are added to a mixed solvent (3:1) of 2-ethoxyethanol and distilled water, and then refluxed for about 24 hours. 
         [0072]    Then, water is added thereto and the resulting solid is filtered, followed by washing with methanol and petroleum ether to yield the chloro-crosslinked dimer complex. 
       (3) Synthesis of iridium (III) bis(2-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-3,6-dimethylquinolinato-N,C 2′ ) (2,4-pentanedionate-O,O) 
       [0073]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0074]    The chloro-crosslinked dimer complex (2 mmol), 2,4-pentanedione (6 mmol) and sodium carbonate (Na 2 CO 3 , 6 mmol) are added to 2-ethoxyethanol (30 mL) and then refluxed for about 8 hours. 
         [0075]    Then, the reaction mixture is allowed to cool to room temperature and then filtered with addition of distilled water to obtain a solid. 
         [0076]    The solid is dissolved in dichloromethane. The solution is filtered through silica gel. The dichloromethane is distilled off under reduced pressure and the residue is washed with methanol and petroleum ether to yield the target compound. 
         [0077]    Hereinafter, a detailed description will be made of preferred examples associated with the organic electroluminescent (EL) device according to the present invention. 
         [0078]      FIG. 2  shows structural formulas of organic compounds used in the first embodiment of the present invention. 
       EXAMPLES 
     Example 1 
       [0079]    An ITO glass substrate was patterned such that it had a light-emitting area of 3 mm×3 mm, followed by cleaning. After the patterned substrate was disposed in a vacuum chamber, the base pressure of the chamber was adjusted to 1×10 −6  torr. 
         [0080]    Then, the organic compounds shown in  FIG. 2 , i.e., CuPc (200 Å), NPB (400 Å), BAlq+A-2 (7%) (200 Å), Alq3 (300 Å), LiF (5 Å) and Al (1,000 Å) were sequentially deposited on the ITO glass substrate to fabricate an organic EL device. 
         [0081]    The organic EL device thus fabricated exhibited a luminance of 926 cd/m 2  and a voltage of 6.0 V at an electric current of about 0.9 mA. At this time, the CIE chromaticity coordinates were x=5.681 and y 0.311. 
         [0082]    The lifetime (defined as the time taken before the luminance of the organic EL device decreases to half its initial value) of the organic EL device was 4,300 hours at about 2,000 cd/m 2 . 
       Example 2 
       [0083]    An ITO glass substrate was patterned such that it had a light-emitting area of 3 mm×3 mm, followed by cleaning. 
         [0084]    After the patterned substrate was disposed in a vacuum chamber, the base pressure of the chamber was adjusted to 1×10 −6  torr. 
         [0085]    Then, the organic compounds shown in  FIG. 2 , i.e., CuPc (200 Å), NPB (400 Å), BAlq+A-27 (7%) (200 Å), Alq3 (300 Å), LiF (5 Å) and Al (1,000 Å) were sequentially deposited on the ITO glass substrate to fabricate an organic EL device. 
         [0086]    The organic EL device thus fabricated exhibited a luminance of 838 cd/m 2  and a voltage of 5.8 V at an electric current of about 0.9 mA. At this time, the CIE chromaticity coordinates were x=0.683 and y=0.307. 
         [0087]    The lifetime (defined as the time taken before the luminance of the organic EL device decreases to half its initial value) of the organic EL device was about 4,100 hours at about 2,000 cd/m 2 . 
       Example 3 
       [0088]    An ITO-coated glass substrate was patterned such that it had a light-emitting area of 3 mm×3 mm, followed by cleaning. 
         [0089]    After the patterned substrate was disposed in a vacuum chamber, the base pressure of the chamber was adjusted to 1×10 −6  torr. 
         [0090]    Then, the organic compounds shown in  FIG. 2 , i.e., CuPc (200 Å), NPB (400 Å), BAlq+B-3 (7%) (200 Å), Alq3 (300 Å), LiF (5 Å) and Al (1,000 Å) were sequentially deposited on the ITO glass substrate to fabricate an organic EL device. 
         [0091]    The organic EL device thus fabricated exhibited a luminance of 1,020 cd/m 2  and a voltage of 5.8 V at an electric current of about 0.9 mA. At this time, the CIE chromaticity coordinates were x=0.680 and y=0.312. 
         [0092]    The lifetime (defined as the time taken before the luminance of the organic EL device decreases to half its initial value) of the organic EL device was about 3,800 hours at about 2,000 cd/m 2 . 
       Comparative Example 
       [0093]    An ITO glass substrate was patterned such that it had a light-emitting area of 3 mm×3 mm, followed by cleaning. 
         [0094]    Subsequently, the patterned substrate was disposed in a vacuum chamber and the base pressure of the chamber was adjusted to 1×10 −6  torr. 
         [0095]    Then, the organic compounds shown in  FIG. 2 , i.e., CuPc (200 Å), NPB (400 Å), (btp)2Ir(acac)(7%)(200 Å), Alq3(300 Å), LiF (5 Å) and Al (1,000 Å), were sequentially deposited on the ITO glass substrate to fabricate an organic EL device. 
         [0096]    The organic EL device thus fabricated exhibited a luminance of 790 cd/m 2  and a voltage of 7.5 V at an electric current of about 0.9 mA. At this time, the CIE chromaticity coordinates were x=0.659 and y=0.329. 
         [0097]    The lifetime (defined as the time taken before the luminance of the organic EL device decreases to half its initial value) of the organic EL device was about 2,500 hours at about 2,000 cd/m 2 . 
         [0098]    The organic EL devices fabricated in the Examples and Comparative Example were evaluated for efficiency, CIE chromaticity coordinates, luminance and lifetime properties. The results are shown in Table 1. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Life time (h) 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Electric 
                   
                 Current 
                 Power 
                   
                   
                 (half the 
               
               
                   
                 Voltage 
                 current 
                 Luminance 
                 efficiency 
                 efficiency 
                 CIE 
                 CIE 
                 initial 
               
               
                 Device 
                 (V) 
                 (mA) 
                 (cd/m 2)   
                 (cd/A) 
                 (lm/W) 
                 (X) 
                 (Y) 
                 luminance) 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Ex. 1 
                 6.0 
                 0.9 
                 926 
                 9.26 
                 4.85 
                 0.681 
                 0.311 
                 4300 
               
               
                 Ex. 2 
                 5.8 
                 0.9 
                 838 
                 8.38 
                 4.54 
                 0.683 
                 0.307 
                 4100 
               
               
                 Ex. 3 
                 5.8 
                 0.9 
                 1020 
                 10.20 
                 5.52 
                 0.680 
                 0.312 
                 3800 
               
               
                 Comp. Ex. 
                 7.5 
                 0.9 
                 780 
                 7.80 
                 3.27 
                 0.659 
                 0.329 
                 2500 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0099]    As can be seen from Table 1 above, the organic EL devices of the present invention exhibits an operation voltage of at least about 6.0 V or less, a luminance of at east about 800 cd/m 2  or higher, and a lifetime of about 3,500 hours or longer. 
       Second Embodiment 
       [0100]    A detailed description of the red phosphorescent compound according to the second embodiment of the present invention will be given below. 
         [0101]    In the second embodiment, provided is a red phosphorescent compound that exhibits improved color purity by substituting phenyl with at least one alkyl, and at the same time, exhibits high luminescence efficiency and long luminescence lifetime by substituting nitrogen-free phenyl of the quinoline with at least two of alkyl and alkoxy. 
         [0102]    The red phosphorescent compound of the second embodiment is also represented by Formula 1 as above. 
         [0103]    However, in the second embodiment, 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
       in Formula 1 is 
       [0104]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0105]    wherein R1, R2, R3 and R4 may be each independently selected from hydrogen, C 1 -C 6  alkyl and C 1 -C 4  alkoxy, in which at least one of R1, R2, R3 and R4 may be C 1 -C 6  alkyl; and 
         [0106]    R5, R6 and R7 may be each independently selected from hydrogen, C 1 -C 6  alkyl, C 1 -C 4  alkoxy, and combinations thereof, in which at least two of R5, R6 and R7 may be C1-C6 alkyl or C1-C6 alkoxy, 
         [0107]    in which the C 1 -C 6  alkyl is selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, i-butyl and t-butyl, and the C 1 -C 4  alkoxy is selected from the group consisting of methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, i-propoxy, n-butoxy, i-butoxy and t-butoxy. 
         [0108]    In the second embodiment, 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0000]    of Formula 1 may be one of 2,4-pentanedione 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0000]    2,2,6,6,-tetramethylheptane-3,5-dione 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0000]    1,3-propanedione  
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0000]    1,3-butanedione 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0000]    3,5-heptanedione  
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0000]    1,1,1-trifluoro-2,4-pentanedione 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0109]    1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoro-2,4-pentanedione 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0000]    and 2,2-dimethyl-3,5-hexanedione 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0110]    That is, 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0000]    of the second embodiment is the same as the first embodiment. 
         [0111]    In the second embodiment, 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0000]    of Formula 1 is selected from the following compounds: 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0112]    That is, the second embodiment is different from the first embodiment in 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
       of Formula 1. 
       [0113]    In the second embodiment, examples of preferred compounds that can be represented by Formula 1 include the following compounds: 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0114]    That is, the second embodiment is different from the first embodiment in examples of preferred compounds that can be represented by Formula 1. 
         [0115]    The organic electroluminescent (EL) device of the second embodiment has a structure wherein a light-emitting layer is interposed between an anode and a cathode, wherein the red phosphorescent compound of Formula 1 is used as a dopant for the light-emitting layer. 
         [0116]    The light-emitting layer may use, as a host, one selected from Al complexes, Zn complexes and carbazole derivatives. 
         [0117]    Preferably, the Al and Zn complexes have at least one ligand selected from the group consisting of quinol, biphenyl, isoquinol, phenyl, methylquinol, dimethylquinol and dimethylisoquinol, and the carbazole derivatives include 4,4′-N,N′-dicarbazole biphenyl (CBP). 
         [0118]    Preferably, the dopant is used in an amount of 0.1 to 50% by weight. 
         [0119]    Hereinafter, a method for synthesizing some phosphorescent compounds used for organic electroluminescent devices according to the second embodiment of the present invention will be given. 
       Synthesis Example 
     (1) Synthesis of 2-(1-methylphenyl)-6-dimethylquinoline 
       [0120]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0121]    3-methylphenyl borate (13 mmol), 2-chloro-5,7-dimethylquinoline (10 mmol), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0)(0.5 mmol) and potassium carbonate (15 g) are dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (30 ml) and distilled water (10 ml) in a dried two-neck round bottom flask and then stirred at about 100° C. for about 24 hours. After completion of the reaction, the tetrahydrofuran and toluene are removed. 
         [0122]    Subsequently, the reaction mixture is extracted with dichloromethane and water, distilled under reduced pressure and purified by silica gel column chromatography. 
         [0123]    Then, the solvents are distilled under reduced pressure and recrystallized with dichloromethane and petroleum ether. The resulting solid is filtered to yield the target compound, 2-(3-methylphenyl)-5,7-dimethylquinoline (1.9 g). 
       (2) Synthesis of Chloro-Crosslinked Dimer Complex 
       [0124]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0125]    Iridium (III) chloride (5 mmol) and 2-(3-methylphenyl)-5,7-dimethylquinoline (10 mmol) are added to a mixed solvent (3:1) of 2-ethoxyethanol and distilled water, and then refluxed for about 24 hours. 
         [0126]    Then, water is added thereto and the resulting solid is filtered, followed by washing with methanol and petroleum ether to yield the chloro-crosslinked dimer complex. 
       (3) Synthesis of iridium (III) (2-(3-methylphenyl)-5,7-dimethylquinoline-N,C 2′ ) (2,4-pentanedionate-O,O)(A-1) 
       [0127]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0128]    The chloro-crosslinked dimer complex (1 mmol), 2,4-pentanedione (3 mmol) and sodium carbonate (Na 2 CO 3 , 6 mmol) are added to 2-ethoxyethanol (30 mL) and refluxed for about 24 hours. 
         [0129]    Then, the reaction mixture is allowed to cool to room temperature and then filtered with addition of distilled water to obtain a solid. 
         [0130]    The solid is dissolved in dichloromethane. The solution is filtered through silica gel. The dichloromethane is distilled off under reduced pressure and the residue is washed with methanol and petroleum ether to yield the target compound. 
         [0131]    Hereinafter, a detailed description will be made of preferred examples associated with the organic electroluminescent (EL) device according to the present invention. 
         [0132]      FIG. 3  shows structural formulas of organic compounds used in the second embodiment of the present invention. 
       Examples 
     Example 1 
       [0133]    An ITO glass substrate was patterned such that it had a light-emitting area of 3 mm×3 mm, followed by cleaning. 
         [0134]    After the patterned substrate was disposed in a vacuum chamber, the base pressure of the chamber was adjusted to 1×10 −6  torr. 
         [0135]    Then, the organic compounds shown in  FIG. 3 , i.e., CuPc (200 Å), NPB (400 Å), BAlq+A-1 (5%) (200 Å), Alq3 (300 Å), LiF (5 Å) and Al (1,000 Å) were sequentially deposited on the ITO glass substrate to fabricate an organic EL device. 
         [0136]    The organic EL device thus fabricated exhibited luminance of about 1,665 cd/m 2  and a voltage of 5.6 V at an electric current of about 0.9 mA. At this time, the CIE chromaticity coordinates were x=0.642 and y=0.348. 
         [0137]    The lifetime (defined as the time taken before the luminance of the organic EL device decreases to half its initial value) of the organic EL device was about 7,000 hours at about 2,000 cd/m 2 . 
       Example 2 
       [0138]    An ITO glass substrate was patterned such that it had a light-emitting area of 3 mm×3 mm, followed by cleaning. 
         [0139]    After the patterned substrate was disposed in a vacuum chamber, the base pressure of the chamber was adjusted to 1×10 −6  torr. 
         [0140]    Then, the organic compounds shown in  FIG. 3 , i.e., CuPc (200 Å) , NPB (400 Å), BAlq+A-4 (5%) (200 Å), Alq3(300 Å), LiF (5 Å) and Al (1,000 Å) were sequentially deposited on the ITO glass substrate to fabricate an organic EL device. 
         [0141]    The organic EL device thus fabricated exhibited luminance of about 1,310 cd/m 2  and a voltage of 5.8 V at an electric current of about 0.9 mA. At this time, the CIE chromaticity coordinates were x=0.657 and y=0.351. 
         [0142]    The lifetime (defined as the time taken before the luminance of the organic EL device decreases to half its initial value) of the organic EL device was about 6,500 hours at about 2,000 cd/m 2 . 
       Example 3 
       [0143]    An ITO glass substrate was patterned such that it had a light-emitting area of 3 mm×3 mm, followed by cleaning. 
         [0144]    After the patterned substrate was disposed in a vacuum chamber, the base pressure of the chamber was adjusted to 1×10 −6  torr. 
         [0145]    Then, the organic compounds shown in  FIG. 3 , i.e., CuPc (200 Å), NPB (400 Å), BAlq+A-17 (5%) (200 Å), Alq3 (300 Å), LiF (5 Å) and Al (1,000 Å) were sequentially deposited on the ITO glass substrate to fabricate an organic EL device. 
         [0146]    The organic EL device thus fabricated exhibited luminance of about 1,715 cd/m 2  and a voltage of 5.7 V at an electric current of about 0.9 mA. At this time, the CIE chromaticity coordinates were x=0.640 and y=0.349. 
         [0147]    The lifetime (defined as the time taken before the luminance of the organic EL device decreases to half its initial value) of the organic EL device was about 7,500 hours at about 2,000 cd/m 2 . 
       Example 4 
       [0148]    An ITO glass substrate was patterned such that it had a light-emitting area of 3 mm×3 mm, followed by cleaning. 
         [0149]    After the patterned substrate was disposed in a vacuum chamber, the base pressure of the chamber was adjusted to 1×10 −6  torr. 
         [0150]    Then, the organic compounds shown in  FIG. 3 , i.e., CuPc (200 Å), NPB (400 Å), BAlq+A-67 (5%) (200 Å), Alq3(300 Å), LiF (5 Å) and Al (1,000 Å) were sequentially deposited on the ITO glass substrate to fabricate an organic EL device. 
         [0151]    The organic EL device thus fabricated exhibited luminance of about 1,741 cd/m 2  and a voltage of 5.9 V at an electric current of about 0.9 mA. At this time, the CIE chromaticity coordinates were x=0.648 and y=0.330. 
         [0152]    The lifetime (defined as the time taken before the luminance of the organic EL device decreases to half its initial value) of the organic EL device was about 7,000 hours at about 2,000 cd/m 2 . 
       Comparative Example 1 
       [0153]    An ITO glass substrate was patterned such that it had a light-emitting area of 3 mm×3 mm, followed by cleaning. 
         [0154]    After the patterned substrate was disposed in a vacuum chamber, the base pressure of the chamber was adjusted to 1×10 −6  torr. 
         [0155]    Then, the organic compounds shown in  FIG. 3 , i.e., CuPc (200 Å), NPB (400 Å), BAlq+RD1 (7%) (200 Å), Alq3 (300 Å), LiF (5 Å) and Al (1,000 Å) were sequentially deposited on the ITO glass substrate to fabricate an organic EL device. 
         [0156]    The organic EL device thus fabricated exhibited luminance of about 780 cd/m 2  and a voltage of 7.5 V at an electric current of about 0.9 mA. At this time, the CIE chromaticity coordinates were x=0.659 and y=0.329. 
         [0157]    The lifetime (defined as the time taken before the luminance of the organic EL device decreases to half its initial value) of the organic EL device was about 2,500 hours at about 2,000 cd/m 2 . 
       Comparative Example 2 
       [0158]    An ITO glass substrate was patterned such that it had a light-emitting area of 3 mm×3 mm, followed by cleaning. 
         [0159]    After the patterned substrate was disposed in a vacuum chamber, the base pressure of the chamber was adjusted to 1×10 −6  torr. 
         [0160]    Then, the organic compounds shown in  FIG. 3 , i.e., CuPc (200 Å), NPB (400 Å), BAlq+RD2 (7%) (200 Å), Alq3 (300 Å), LiF (5 Å) and Al (1,000 Å) were sequentially deposited on the ITO glass substrate to fabricate an organic EL device. 
         [0161]    The organic EL device thus fabricated exhibited a luminance of about 1,173 cd/m 2  and a voltage of 6.0 V at an electric current of about 0.9 mA. At this time, the CIE chromaticity coordinates were x=0.606 and y=0.375. 
         [0162]    The lifetime (defined as the time taken before the luminance of the organic EL device decreases to half its initial value) of the organic EL device was about 4,000 hours at about 2,000 cd/m 2 . 
         [0163]    The organic EL devices fabricated in the Examples and Comparative Example were evaluated for efficiency, CIE chromaticity coordinates, luminance and lifetime properties. The results are shown in Table 2. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Electric 
                   
                 Current 
                 Power 
                 Quantum 
                   
                   
                 Life time (h) 
               
               
                   
                 Voltage 
                 current 
                 Luminance 
                 efficiency 
                 efficiency 
                 efficiency 
                 CIE 
                 CIE 
                 (half the initial 
               
               
                 Device 
                 (V) 
                 (mA) 
                 (cd/m 2)   
                 (cd/A) 
                 (lm/W) 
                 (%) 
                 (X) 
                 (Y) 
                 luminance) 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Ex. 1 
                 5.6 
                 0.9 
                 1694 
                 16.94 
                 9.5 
                 17% 
                 0.642 
                 0.348 
                 7000 
               
               
                 Ex. 2 
                 5.8 
                 0.9 
                 1310 
                 13.10 
                 7.1 
                 16% 
                 0.657 
                 0.351 
                 6500 
               
               
                 Ex. 3 
                 5.7 
                 0.9 
                 1715 
                 17.15 
                 9.4 
                 18% 
                 0.640 
                 0.349 
                 7500 
               
               
                 Ex. 4 
                 5.9 
                 0.9 
                 1742 
                 17.42 
                 9.3 
                 19% 
                 0.648 
                 0.330 
                 7000 
               
               
                 Comp. 
                 7.5 
                 0.9 
                 780 
                 7.80 
                 3.3 
                 10% 
                 0.659 
                 0.329 
                 2500 
               
               
                 Ex. 1 
               
               
                 Comp. 
                 6.0 
                 0.9 
                 1173 
                 11.73 
                 6.2 
                 12% 
                 0.606 
                 0.375 
                 4000 
               
               
                 Ex. 2 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0164]    As can be seen from Table 2 above, the organic EL devices of the present invention exhibits an operation voltage of at least about 6.0 V or less, a luminance of at least about 1,300 cd/m 2  or higher, and a lifetime of about 6,500 hours or longer. 
         [0165]    As apparent from the foregoing, the organic electroluminescent (EL) device according to the present invention employs the red phosphorescent compound of Formula 1 as a dopant for the light-emitting layer, thus exhibiting excellent color purity, high luminescence efficiency, and long luminescence lifetime. 
         [0166]    It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the inventions. Thus it is intended that the present invention covers the modifications and variations of this invention provided they come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.