Abstract:
The present disclosure relates to a fringe field switching type liquid crystal display. The present disclosure suggests a fringe field switching type liquid crystal display comprising: a substrate; a gate pad disposed on the substrate; a gate insulating layer covering the gate pad; a data pad disposed on the gate insulating layer; a first passivation layer covering the data pad; a common pad disposed on the first passivation layer; a protective metal layer disposed on the common pad; a second passivation layer covering the common pad; a gate contact hole exposing the gate pad; a data contact hole exposing the data pad; and a common contact hole exposing the protective metal layer.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
       [0001]    This application claims the priority of Korean Patent Application No. 10-2015-0187541 filed in the Republic of Korea on Dec. 28, 2015, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. 
       BACKGROUND 
       [0002]    Field of the Disclosure 
         [0003]    The present disclosure relates to a liquid crystal display, and more particularly, to a fringe field switching type liquid crystal display. Although the present disclosure is suitable for a wide scope of applications, it is particularly suitable for preventing damages on a transparent conductive layer when the transparent conductive layer is exposed for connecting with metal layers in etching processes. 
         [0004]    Discussion of the Background 
         [0005]    Nowadays, as an information society is developed, requirements of displays for representing information are increasing. Accordingly, various flat panel displays (or ‘FPD’) are developed for overcoming many drawbacks of the cathode ray tube (or ‘CRT’) such as heavy weight and bulk volume. The flat panel display devices include a liquid crystal display device (or ‘LCD’), a field emission display (or ‘FED’), a plasma display panel (or ‘PDP’), an organic light emitting display device (or ‘OLED’) and an electrophoresis display device (or ‘ED’). 
         [0006]    A display panel of the flat panel display includes a thin film transistor substrate having a thin film transistor allocated in each pixel region arrayed in a matrix manner For example, the liquid crystal display device represents video data by controlling light transitivity of a liquid crystal layer by an electric field. Depending on a direction of the electric field, the LCD can be classified in two major types; one is a vertical electric field type and the other is a horizontal electric field type. 
         [0007]    For the vertical electric field type LCD, a common electrode on an upper substrate and a pixel electrode on a lower substrate are facing with each other for forming an electric field having a direction perpendicular to the substrates. A twisted nematic (TN) liquid crystal layer disposed between the upper substrate and the lower substrate is driven by the vertical electric field. The vertical electric field type LCD has a merit of a higher aperture ratio, while it has a demerit of a narrower viewing angle of about 90 degree. 
         [0008]    For the horizontal electric field type LCD, a common electrode and a pixel electrode are formed on the same substrate in parallel. A liquid crystal layer disposed between an upper substrate and a lower substrate is driven in In-Plane-Switching (or ‘IPS’) mode by an electric field parallel to the substrates. The horizontal electric field type LCD has a merit of a wider viewing angle over 160 degrees and a response speed faster than that of the vertical electric field type LCD. However, the horizontal electric field type LCD may have demerits such as a low aperture ratio and a low transitivity ratio of the back light. 
         [0009]    In the IPS mode LCD, for example, in order to form an in-plane electric field, the gap between the common electrode and the pixel electrode may be larger than the gap (or “Cell Gap”) between the upper substrate and the lower substrate, and in order to get enough strength of the electric field, the common electrode and the pixel electrode need to be formed of a strip pattern having a certain width. Between the pixel electrode and the common electrode of the IPS mode LCD, the electric field horizontal with respect to the substrate is formed. However, just over the pixel electrode and the common electrode, there is no electric field. That is, the liquid crystal molecules disposed just over the pixel electrodes and the common electrodes can not be driven but maintain the initial conditions (i.e., the initial alignment direction). As the liquid crystal molecules in the initial condition cannot control the light transitivity properly, the aperture ratio and the luminescence can be degraded. 
         [0010]    For resolving these demerits of the IPS mode LCD, the fringe field switching (or ‘FFS’) type LCD driven by the fringe electric field has been proposed. The FFS type LCD comprises the common electrode and the pixel electrode with the insulating layer there-between. The pixel electrode and the common electrode are overlapped in a vertical direction. Otherwise, the pixel electrode and the common electrode do not overlap each other but separated from each other by a gap setting narrower than the gap between the upper substrate and the lower substrate. So that, a fringe electric field having a parabola shape is formed in the space between the common electrode and the pixel electrode as well as over these electrodes. Therefore, most of liquid crystal molecules disposed between the upper substrate and the lower substrate can be driven by the fringe field. As a result, the aperture ratio and the front luminescence can be improved. 
         [0011]    For the fringe field type liquid crystal display, the common electrode and the pixel electrode are disposed closely each other or in an overlapped manner, so that a storage is formed between the common electrode and the pixel electrode. Therefore, the fringe field type liquid crystal display has a merit in that there is no extra space required for forming the storage in the pixel region. However, when a large area display is formed with a fringe field type, the pixel region becomes larger and the storage becomes larger as well. In that case, the thin film transistor should have also a larger size for driving/charging the enlarged storage for a short time period. 
         [0012]    To solve this problem, a thin film transistor having a metal oxide semiconductor material is applied because it has high current control characteristics without enlarging the size of the thin film transistor.  FIG. 1  is a plane view illustrating a thin film transistor substrate having an oxide semiconductor layer included in a fringe field type liquid crystal display according to the related art.  FIG. 2  is a cross-sectional view illustrating a structure of the thin film transistor substrate of  FIG. 1  along line I-I′ according to the related art. 
         [0013]    The thin film transistor substrate having a metal oxide semiconductor layer shown in  FIGS. 1 and 2  comprises a gate line GL and a data line DL crossing each other with a gate insulating layer GI therebetween on a lower substrate SUB, and a thin film transistor T formed at each crossing portion. By the crossing structure of the gate line GL and the data line DL, a pixel region is defined. 
         [0014]    The thin film transistor T comprises a gate electrode G branched (or ‘extruded’) from the gate line GL, a source electrode S branched from the data line DL, a drain electrode D facing the source electrode S and connecting to the pixel electrode PXL, and a semiconductor layer A overlapping the gate electrode G on the gate insulating layer GI for forming a channel between the source electrode S and the drain electrode D. 
         [0015]    The semiconductor layer A formed of an oxide semiconductor material has a merit for a large area thin film transistor substrate having a large charging capacitance due to a high electron mobility of the oxide semiconductor layer. However, the thin film transistor having the oxide semiconductor material may need an etch stopper ES for protecting the upper surface of the semiconductor layer from the etching material for ensuring a stability and characteristics of the thin film transistor. More specifically, an etch stopper ES is needed to protect the semiconductor layer A from an etchant when the source electrode S and the drain electrode D are formed therebetween. 
         [0016]    At one end of the gate line GL, a gate pad GP is formed for receiving a gate signal. The gate pad GP is connected to a gate pad terminal GTP through the gate pad contact hole GPH penetrating through the first passivation layer PA 1  and the second passivation layer PA 2 . Further, at one end of the data line DL, a data pad DP is formed for receiving a pixel signal. The data pad DP is connected to a data pad terminal DPT through the data pad contact hole DPH penetrating through the first passivation layer PA 1  and the second passivation layer PA 2 . 
         [0017]    In the pixel region, a pixel electrode PXL and a common electrode COM are formed with the second passivation layer PA 2  therebetween, to generate a fringe electric field. The common electrode COM is connected to the common line CL disposed in parallel with the gate line GL. The common electrode COM is supplied with a reference voltage (or “common voltage”) via the common line CL. 
         [0018]    The common electrode COM and the pixel electrode PXL can have various shapes and positions depending on the design purpose and environment. While the common electrode COM is supplied with a reference voltage having a constant value, the pixel electrode PXL is supplied with a data voltage varying timely according to the video data. Therefore, between the data line DL and the pixel electrode PXL, a parasitic capacitance may be formed. Due to the parasitic capacitance, a video quality of the display may be degraded. Therefore, the common electrode COM is formed first and then the pixel electrode PXL is formed on the topmost layer. 
         [0019]    In other words, on the first passivation layer PA 1  covering the data line DL and the thin film transistor T, a planarization layer PAC formed by depositing a thick organic material having a low permittivity. Then, the common electrode COM is formed. And then, after depositing the second passivation layer PA 2  to cover the common electrode COM, the pixel electrode PXL overlapping the common electrode is formed on the second passivation layer PA 2 . In this structure, the pixel electrode PXL distances from the data line DL by the first passivation layer PA 1 , the planarization layer PAC and the second passivation layer PA 2 , so that the parasitic capacitance between the data line DL and the pixel electrode PXL can be reduced. 
         [0020]    The common electrode COM is formed to be a rectangular shape corresponding to the pixel region. The pixel electrode PXL is formed to have a plurality of segments. Especially, the pixel electrode PXL vertically overlaps the common electrode COM with the second passivation layer PA 2  therebetween. Between the pixel electrode PXL and the common electrode COM, the fringe electric field is formed. By this fringe electric field, the liquid crystal molecules arrayed in plane direction between the thin film transistor substrate and the color filter substrate may be rotated according to the dielectric anisotropy of the liquid crystal molecules. According to the rotation degree of the liquid crystal molecules, the light transmittance ratio of the pixel region may be changed so as to represent a desired gray scale. 
         [0021]    The pads GP and DP are exposed by patterning insulating layers covering them. The exposed pads GP and DP are covered by the pad terminals GPT and DPT formed by the transparent conductive material used for the pixel electrode PXL. Further, the pad for the common electrode COM is also exposed by patterning the second passivation layer PA 2 . 
         [0022]    At the pad area, for receiving signals from the outside controller, the insulating layers are patterned for exposing the pads. However, as described above, the number and kinds of the insulation layers covering the pad are different. Thus, the exposed pads may have damages. Hereinafter, referring to  FIGS. 3 and 4 , the damages occurred at the pads are explained as follows.  FIG. 3  is a cross sectional view illustrating a process for forming a contact hole exposing pads of the fringe field switching type liquid crystal display according to the related art.  FIG. 4  is a cross sectional view illustrating damages occurred at the pads after etching the insulating layers used by the method shown in  FIG. 3 . 
         [0023]    Referring to  FIG. 3 , at the pad area of the fringe field switching type liquid crystal display, a gate pad GP, a data pad DP and a common pad CP are disposed. The gate pad GP is one end portion of the gate line GL. The data pad DP is one end portion of the data line DL. The common pad CP is one end of the common line CL. 
         [0024]    On the gate pad GP, a gate insulating layer GI, a first passivation layer PA 1  and a second passivation layer PA 2  are sequentially formed. On the data pad DP, the first passivation layer PA 1  and the second passivation layer PA 2  are stacked. On the contrary, on the common pad CP, only the second passivation layer PA 2  is disposed. In order to expose portions of the gate pad GP, the data pad DP and the common pad CP at the same time using one mask process, the gate insulating layer GI, the first passivation layer PA 1  and the second passivation layer PA 2  needs to be patterned in one etching step. 
         [0025]    At the gate pad GP, to form a gate contact hole GPH, three insulating layers need to be etched with the sequence of {circle around (1)}→{circle around (2)}→{circle around (3)}. Consequently, at the data pad DP, to form a data contact hole DPH, two insulating layers need to be etched with the sequence of {circle around (1)}→{circle around (2)}. Simultaneously, at the common pad CP, to form a common contact hole CPH, one insulating layer {circle around (1)} needs to be etched. 
         [0026]    When portions of the gate pad GP, the common pad CP and the data pad DP are etched, these pads are constantly exposed to the etchant. As the data pad DP includes a metal material such as copper, it may not be damaged by the etchant for patterning the insulating layers even though it is affected by the etchant during the gate pad GP is exposed. On the other hand, the common pad CP is formed of a transparent conductive material such as indium-tin oxide and indium-zinc oxide. Therefore, these transparent conductive materials can be easily damaged by the etchant when the gate pad GP is exposed. 
         [0027]    By being exposed to the etchant, the transparent conductive material can be partially crystallized so that grains can be formed. As boundaries of the grains are easily damaged by the etchant used in the dry etching process for patterning the insulating layers. Then, the second passivation layer PA 2  disposed under the damaged transparent conductive material can be etched away. For example, trench shaped patterns can be formed at the second passivation layer PA 2  as shown in  FIG. 4 . Such patterns can not properly protect the conductive layer thereunder. When electrical signals are supplied through such defective patterns, an electrical insulation cannot be warranted at these patterns so that the signals cannot be properly applied to the pixel electrode. Consequently, video images of the LCD display can be defected. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0028]    Accordingly, the present disclosure is directed to a fringe field switching type liquid crystal display that substantially obviates one or more of problems due to limitations and disadvantages of the related art. 
         [0029]    In order to overcome the above mentioned drawbacks, an aspect of the present disclosure is to suggest a liquid crystal display having a structure for protecting the pads exposed from the etchants during the dry etching process for patterning the insulating layers. Another purpose of the present disclosure is to suggest a liquid crystal display having a structure for keeping the interface properties in best condition between the pad terminals (including a transparent conductive material) and the protective metal layer (including a low resistance metal material such as the copper). 
         [0030]    In order to accomplish the above purpose, an aspect of the present disclosure suggests a fringe field switching type liquid crystal display comprising: a substrate; a gate pad disposed on the substrate; a gate insulating layer covering the gate pad; a data pad disposed on the gate insulating layer; a first passivation layer covering the data pad; a common pad disposed on the first passivation layer; a protective metal layer disposed on the common pad; a second passivation layer covering the common pad; a gate contact hole exposing the gate pad; a data contact hole exposing the data pad; and a common contact hole exposing the protective metal layer. 
         [0031]    In other aspects, the protective metal layer includes a plurality of unit protective metal layer disposed on the common pad in a matrix manner, and the common contact hole includes a plurality of unit common contact hole exposing each of the unit protective metal layers. 
         [0032]    In other aspects, the unit protecting metal layer has a larger area than the unit common contact hole. 
         [0033]    In other aspects, the gate pad is disposed at one end of a gate line, the data pad is disposed at one end of a data line, and the common pad is disposed at one end of a common line. 
         [0034]    In other aspects, the common pad includes a transparent conductive material having at least one of an indium-tin oxide and an indium-zinc oxide; and the protective metal layer includes a conductive material having lower resistance than the transparent conductive material. 
         [0035]    In other aspects, the protective metal layer includes at least one of copper and copper alloy. 
         [0036]    In other aspects, the liquid crystal display further comprises: a gate pad terminal contacting the gate pad through the gate contact hole; a data pad terminal contacting the data pad through the data contact hole; and a common pad terminal contacting the common pad through the common contact hole. 
         [0037]    In other aspects, the liquid crystal display further comprises: a common electrode connecting to the common pad on the first passivation layer; and a pixel electrode having a plurality of segments overlapping the common electrode on the second passivation layer. 
         [0038]    In the present disclosure, the fringe field switching type liquid crystal display includes a protective metal layer stacked/disposed on the pad including a transparent conductive material. By the protective metal layer, the pad can be protected from the etchants used in the patterning process for exposing the pad by etching the insulating layers. Further, the protective metal layer includes a plurality of unit protective metal layers having a size corresponding to the size of the contact hole. The contact hole has the minimum opening size with satisfying the condition not to increase the contact resistance. As the results, the best interface properties between the protective metal layer having the low resistance metal such as a copper and the pad having the transparent conductive material can be ensured. According to the present disclosure, the problem that the interface properties are degraded as the contact area is enlarged, when two different conductive materials are stacked, can be prevented. 
         [0039]    It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory and are intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure as claimed. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0040]    The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate aspects of the present disclosure and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the disclosure. 
           [0041]    In the drawings: 
           [0042]      FIG. 1  is a plane view illustrating a thin film transistor substrate included in a fringe field type liquid crystal display according to the related art; 
           [0043]      FIG. 2  is a cross-sectional view illustrating a structure of the thin film transistor substrate of  FIG. 1  along line I-I′ according to the related art; 
           [0044]      FIG. 3  is a cross-sectional view illustrating a process for forming a contact hole exposing pads of the fringe field switching type liquid crystal display according to the related art; 
           [0045]      FIG. 4  is a cross-sectional view illustrating damages occurred at pads after etching insulating layers by the process shown in  FIG. 3 ; 
           [0046]      FIG. 5  is a cross-sectional view illustrating a process for forming a contact hole exposing a pad area in a fringe field switching type liquid crystal display according to an aspect of the present disclosure; 
           [0047]      FIG. 6  is a cross-sectional view illustrating a structure of the pad area having no damages after patterning the insulating layers by the process shown in  FIG. 5 ; 
           [0048]      FIG. 7  is a cross-sectional view illustrating a process for forming a contact hole exposing a pad area in a fringe field switching type liquid crystal display according to another aspect of the present disclosure; and 
           [0049]      FIG. 8  is a cross-sectional view illustrating a structure of the pad area in the fringe field switching type liquid crystal display according to another aspect of the present disclosure. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0050]    Referring to attached figures, aspects of the present disclosure will be described. Like reference numerals designate like elements throughout the detailed description. However, the present disclosure is not restricted by these aspects but can be applied to various changes or modifications without changing the technical spirit. In the following aspects, the names of the elements are selected for ease of explanation and may be different from actual names. 
         [0051]    In the followings, explanations on the pad part, the main elements of the present disclosure will be provided more fully. However any explanations for display area and figures for the related arts may be used whenever necessary. 
         [0052]      FIG. 5  is a cross-sectional view illustrating a process for forming a contact hole exposing a pad area in a fringe field switching type liquid crystal display according to as aspect of the present disclosure.  FIG. 6  is a cross- sectional view illustrating a structure of the pad area having no damages after patterning the insulating layers by the process shown in  FIG. 5 . 
         [0053]    Referring to  FIG. 5 , in the fringe field switching type liquid crystal display according to as aspect of the present disclosure, the pad area includes a gate pad GP, a data pad DP and a common pad CP. The gate pad GP is one end portion of a gate line GL. The gate pad GP may be formed of the same metal material as the gate line GL. The data pad DP is one end portion of a data line DL. The date pad DP may be formed of the same metal material as the data line DL. 
         [0054]    The common pad CP is one end portion of a common line CL. The common pad CP may be formed of the same material as the common line CL. For example, the common pad CP may be formed of a transparent conductive material such as indium-tin oxide (ITO) and indium-zinc-oxide (IZO). On the upper surface of the common pad CP, a protective metal layer M 3  is disposed thereon. The protective metal layer M 3  is formed of a metal material for preventing the transparent conductive material of the common pad CP from being damaged by dry etchants. For example, the protective metal layer M 3  may be formed of one of copper (Cu), titanium (Ti), nickel (Ni), molybdenium (Mo) and any alloys thereof. 
         [0055]    The common pad CP has the same structure as the common electrode COM and/or the common line CL disposed in the display area. The common line CL has a structure to be connected with all pixel areas over the entire display panel. As the common line CL is applied with a ground level voltage, it is formed of a material having a resistance lower than the transparent conductive material such as indium thin oxide and indium zinc oxide. For example, the common line CL may have a low resistance metal layer such as copper stacked on the transparent conductive material. Therefore, the protective metal layer M 3  may be the same material as the low resistance metal material stacked on the common line CL. 
         [0056]    On the gate pad GP, a gate insulating layer GI, a first passivation layer PA 1  and a second passivation layer PA 2  are stacked sequentially. On the data pad DP, the first passivation layer PA 1  and the second passivation layer PA 2  are sequentially stacked. Further, on the common pad CP and the protective metal layer M 3 , only the second passivation layer PA 2  is stacked thereon. In order to expose portions of the gate pad GP, the data pad DP and the common pad CP using the same one mask process, the gate insulating layer GI, the first passivation layer PA 1  and the second passivation layer PA 2  need to be concurrently patterned at the same time. 
         [0057]    With the one same mask process, a gate contact hole GPH is formed by etching the three insulating layers on the gate pad GP in the sequence of {circle around (1)}→{circle around (2)}→{circle around (3)}. A data contact hole DPH is formed by etching the two insulating layers on the data pad DP in the sequence of {circle around (1)}→{circle around (2)}. Further, a common contact hole CPH is formed by etching the one insulating layer {circle around (1)}. 
         [0058]    As these insulating layers are patterned by a dry etching process, the common pad CP and the data pad DP are also constantly exposed to the etchant when the gate pad GP is exposed. The data pad DP is less damaged by the etchant while the gate pad GP is exposed. This is because the data pad DP is formed of a metal material such as copper. For the common pad CP, copper (Cu) covers the transparent conductive material such as indium tin oxide and indium zinc oxide. Therefore, even though it is exposed to the etchant when the gate pad GP is exposed, the common pad CP can be protected from the etchant by a protective metal layer M 3 , as shown in  FIG. 6 . 
         [0059]    On the second passivation layer PA 2  having contact holes, pad terminals can be formed by depositing/patterning a transparent conductive material the same as the pixel electrode PXL. For example, a gate pad terminal GPT contacts the gate pad GP through the gate pad contact hole GPH. A data pad terminal DPT contacts the data pad DP through the data pad contact hole DPH. Further, a common pad terminal CPT contacts the common pad CP through the common pad contact hole CPH. Further, the common pad terminal CPT contacts the protective metal layer M 3  exposed through the common pad contact hole CPH as shown in  FIG. 6 . 
         [0060]    As described above, for the purpose of convenience, explanations on the pad area are provided more fully. However, the same structure as the pad area can be applied to other areas in the non-display area. For example, signal linking lines and/or electrodes may be formed using the same material as the data line and the common line. These lines and/or electrodes may be connected using the same material with the pixel electrode after exposing portions of the lines and/or the electrodes. 
         [0061]    By applying the protective metal layer M 2  at these exposed portions, the transparent conductive material can be protected from the exposure of the dry etchant. These electrodes and/or lines disposed in the non-display area may have a relatively large area. When a relatively large area is exposed, the protective metal layer M 3  on the transparent conductive material may also have a relatively large area. 
         [0062]    The protective metal layer M 3  may be formed of a low resistance metal material such as copper (Cu) and aluminium (Al). In case of copper, the interface between copper and the transparent conductive material may have contact defects. This can be caused by a difference in surface stresses of the copper film and the transparent conductive film. Specifically, the interface contact defects become worse when the contact surface area becomes larger. Another aspect of the present disclosure is to provide a structure for eliminating and/or reducing the interface stress difference between the protective metal layer M 3  including copper and the transparent conductive material when the protective layer M 3  is stacked on the transparent conductive material. 
         [0063]      FIG. 7  is a cross-sectional view illustrating a process for forming a contact hole exposing a pad area in the fringe field switching type liquid crystal display according to another aspect of the present disclosure.  FIG. 8  is a cross-sectional view illustrating a structure of the pad area in the fringe field switching type liquid crystal display according to another aspect of the present disclosure. 
         [0064]    Referring to  FIG. 7 , in the fringe field switching type liquid crystal display, the pad area includes a gate pad GP, a data pad DP and a common pad CP. The gate pad GP is one end portion of a gate line GL. The gate pad GP may be formed of the same metal material as the gate line GL. The data pad DP is one end portion of a data line DL. The date pad DP may be formed of the same metal material as the data line DL. 
         [0065]    The common pad CP is one end portion of a common line CL. The common pad CP may be formed of the same material as the common line CL. For example, the common pad CP may be formed of a transparent conductive material such as indium-tin oxide (ITO) and indium-zinc-oxide (IZO). On the upper surface of the common pad CP, a protective metal layer M 3  is stacked thereon. The protective metal layer M 3  may be formed of a metal material for preventing the transparent conductive material of the common pad CP from being damaged by dry etchants. For example, the protective metal layer M 3  may be formed of one of copper (Cu), titanium (Ti), nickel (Ni), molybdenium (Mo) and any alloys thereof. 
         [0066]    The common pad CP has the same structure as the common electrode COM and/or the common line CL disposed in the display area. The common line CL has an extended structure to be connected with all pixel areas over the entire display panel. As the common line CL is applied with a ground level voltage, it may be formed of a material having a resistance lower than the transparent conductive material such as indium thin oxide and indium zinc oxide. For example, the common line CL may be formed of a low resistance metal layer such as copper stacked on the transparent conductive material. Therefore, the protective metal layer M 3  may be the same material as the low resistance metal material stacked on the common line CL. 
         [0067]    Another aspect of the present disclosure is to provide a structure for improving the interface properties between the common pad CP and the protective metal layer M 3  stacked on the common pad CP. For example, with the protective metal layer M 3  having a minimum contact surface area, a plurality of the protective metal layer M 3  can be arrayed on the common pad CP. As a result, a minimum contact area can be maintained between the single protective metal layer M 3  and the common pad CP, thereby swelling or peeling of the protective metal layer M 3  from the common pad CP can be prevented. 
         [0068]    However, a minimum contact area between the protective metal layer M 3  and the common pad CP can not be maintained without limitations. The protective metal layer M 3  is an area exposed through the common pad contact hole CPH. The exposed area of the protective metal layer M 3  through the common pad contact hole CPH may be an area electrically contacted with the connecting metal layer deposited thereon in a later process. Therefore, the contact hole needs to have a minimum size. Further, the minimum area of the contact hole satisfies the condition in which the contact resistance between two conductive layers contacting through the contact hole is not increased. A single protective metal layer M 3  has a size corresponding to the minimum size of the contact hole. 
         [0069]    For example, when the minimum size of the common pad contact hole CPH is a μm×b μm the size of the single protective metal layer M 3  can be 5 μm larger than the minimum size of the common pad CPH, at each side. That is, the size of the single protective metal layer M 3  can be (a+10) μm×(b+10) μm, where a and b are any positive number greater than 0. Here, the minimum size of the common pad contact hole CPH means the minimum size of the contact hole in which the contact resistance with the common pad CP is not increased. 
         [0070]    According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a plurality of the protective metal layers M 3  is arrayed on the common pad CP in a matrix manner. The size of a single protective metal layer M 3  corresponds to the minimum size of the contact hole. As a result, the interface properties between the common pad CP including the transparent conductive material and the protective metal layer M 3  including the copper material can be maintained strongly without any peeling problem. 
         [0071]    On the gate pad GP, a gate insulating layer GI, a first passivation layer PA 1  and a second passivation layer PA 2  are stacked sequentially. On the data pad DP, the first passivation layer PA 1  and the second passivation layer PA 2  are sequentially stacked. Further, on the common pad CP and the protective metal layer M 3 , only the second passivation layer PA 2  is stacked thereon. In order to expose portions of the gate pad GP, the data pad DP and the common pad CP using the same one mask process, the gate insulating layer GI, the first passivation layer PA 1  and the second passivation layer PA 2  need to be concurrently patterned at the same time. 
         [0072]    With the one same mask process, a gate contact hole GPH is formed by etching the three insulating layers on the gate pad GP in the sequence of {circle around (1)}→{circle around (2)}→{circle around (3)}. A data contact hole DPH is formed by etching the two insulating layers on the data pad DP in the sequence of {circle around (1)}→{circle around (2)}. Further, a common contact hole CPH is formed by etching the one insulating layer {circle around (1)}. 
         [0073]    As these insulating layers are patterned by a dry etching process, the common pad CP and the data pad DP can also be exposed when the gate pad GP is exposed to the etchant. The data pad DP may not be so much damaged by the etchant while the gate pad GP is exposed. This is because the data pad DP is formed of a metal material such as copper. As to the common pad CP, copper (Cu) covers the transparent conductive material such as indium tin oxide and indium zinc oxide. Therefore, even though it is also exposed to the etchant when the gate pad GP is exposed, the common pad CP can be protected from the etchant by the protective metal layer M 3 . 
         [0074]    On the second passivation layer PA 2  having contact holes, pad terminals can be formed by depositing/patterning a transparent conductive material the same as the pixel electrode PXL. For example, a gate pad terminal GPT contacts the gate pad GP through the gate pad contact hole GPH. A data pad terminal DPT contacts the data pad DP through the data pad contact hole DPH. Further, a common pad terminal CPT contacts the common pad CP through the common pad contact hole CPH. Especially, the common pad terminal CPT contacts a plurality of the protective metal layer M 3  exposed through a plurality of common pad contact hole CPH. 
         [0075]    For the fringe field switching type liquid crystal display according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure, the top surface of the common pad CP is prevented from any affection by the protective metal layer M 3  stacked on the common pad CP. Further, a plurality of the protective metal layers M 3  having the minimum contact area is arrayed on the common pad CP, so that they are not easily peeled off or have not contact defects. 
         [0076]    While the aspects of the present disclosure have been described in detail with reference to the drawings, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the aspect can be implemented in other specific forms without changing the technical spirit or essential features of the disclosure. Therefore, it should be noted that the forgoing aspects are merely illustrative in all aspects and are not to be construed as limiting the disclosure. The scope of the disclosure is defined by the appended claims rather than the detailed description of the disclosure. All changes or modifications or their equivalents made within the meanings and scope of the claims should be construed as falling within the scope of the disclosure.