Abstract:
A wide angle lens of high performance comprising twelve lenses grouped in ten components which satisfies the following four conditions: 
     
       F/1.8 &lt;| F.sub. 1.2.3.4|&lt; F/1.1, F.sub.1.2.3.4. &lt; 0  (1) 
     
     
       F/0.6 &lt;| F.sub.1.2.3.4.5.6 |&lt; F/0.15, F.sub.1.2.3.4.5.6 &lt; 
     
      0                                                          (2i) 
     
       F/1.4 &lt;F.sub.1.2.3.4.5.6.7 &lt;  F/0.8                         (2ii) 
     
     
        0.1 &lt; n.sub.8 - n.sub.9 &lt;0.2                               (3) 
     
     
        0.3.sub.l &lt; (d.sub.1 +  d.sub.2 + d.sub.3 + d.sub.4 + d.sub.5) &lt;  0.5  (4)

Description:
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     In the development in the retrofocus type lens, a wide angle lens of small F-number has been developed. This invention relates to a lens of this type, and more specifically to a lens having the angle of field of about 95° and the F-number of about 2.8. This is accomplished by providing a wide angle lens of high performance comprising twelve lenses grouped in ten components which satisfies the following four conditions: 
     
         F/1.8 &lt;|F.sub.1.2.3.4 |&lt;  F/1.1, F.sub.1.2.3.4 &lt; 0 (1) 
    
     
         f/0.6 &lt;|f.sub. 1.2.3.4.5.6 |&lt;  f/0.15, f.sub. 1.2.3.4.5.6 &lt; 0                                                       (2i) 
    
     
         F/1.4 &lt;F.sub. 1.2.3.4.5.6.7 &lt; F/0.8                        (2ii) 
    
     
         0.1 &lt;n.sub.8 -n.sub.9 &lt; 0.2                                (3) 
    
     
         0.3 l&lt; (d.sub.1 + d.sub.2 + d.sub.3  + d.sub.4 + d.sub.5) &lt;0.5 l (4) 
    
    
    
      BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     The specific nature of the invention, as well as other objects, aspects, uses and advantages thereof, will clearly appear from the following description and from the accompanying drawings, in which: 
     FIG. 1 is a view showing the lens system in accordance with the first embodiment of the invention including a filter, 
     FIGS. 2a to 2d show aberration curves obtained by the lens system in accordance with the first embodiment of the invention, 
     FIG. 3 is a view showing the lens system in accordance with the second embodiment of the invention including a filter, and 
     FIGS. 4a to 4d show aberration curves obtained by the lens system in accordance with the second embodiment of the invention. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     Describing the construction of the lens first, the first lens is a negative lens, the second lens is a positive lens, the third and the fourth lenses are negative meniscus lenses concave to the image side, the fifth and the sixth lenses constitute a cemented lens, and a filter is located between the fourth lens and the fifth lens. The seventh lens is a positive lens, the eighth lens is a negative lens, and the nineth lens is a positive lens which is cemented with the eighth lens. The tenth lens is a positive lens, the eleventh lens is a negative meniscus lens, and the twelfth lens is a positive lens. 
     The features of the lens in accordance with the present invention are as follows: 
     
         F/1.8 &lt;|F.sub. 1.2.3.4 |&lt; F/1.1, F.sub. 1.2.3.4 &lt;0 (1) 
    
     
         f/0.6 &lt;|f.sub. 1.2.3.4.5.6 |&lt; f/0.15, f.sub. 1.2.3.4.5.6 &lt;0                                                        (2i) 
    
     
         F/1.4 &lt;F.sub. 1.2.3.4.5.6.7 &lt; F/0.8                        (2ii) 
    
     
         0.1 &lt;n.sub.8 - n.sub.9 &lt; 0.2                               (3) 
    
     
         0.3l&lt;(d.sub.1 + d.sub.2 + d.sub.3 + d.sub.4 + d.sub.5)&lt;0.5l (4) 
    
     wherein the characters designate dimensions as follows: 
     F: composite focal length 
     F 1 .2 . . . . . .  i  : composite focal length of the lens system consisting of the first to the i-th lenses 
     d j  : the j-th spacing or lens thickness 
     r k  : radius of curvature of the k-th surface 
     n i  : refractive index for d-line of the i-th lens 
     ν i  : Abbe&#39;s number of the i-th lens 
     l: total length of the lens 
     f B  : back focal length. 
     Now the features of the lens of this invention as described above will be described in detail. 
     The first feature (1) defines a front negative lens system consisting of the front four lenses which refracts the light incident thereto at a wide angle to make it incident to the fifth lens at a comparatively small angle. This is to be defined with reference to the range of F-number of the lens. When the focal length |F 1  . 2 . 3 . 4 | is short over F/1.8, the load on the fifth lens and the lenses therebehind is reduced. However, when aperture efficiency is in the range of practically useful levels within the range of F-number not less than 2.8, the coma aberration is possibly deteriorated. When, to the contrary, the focal length of the lens system consisting of the four lenses is longer than that corresponding to F/1.1, the load on the fifth lens and the lenses therebehind become severe with respect to the long back focus and the wide angle of field, which is disadvantageous from the viewpoint of the whole system. 
     The second features (2)(i) and (ii) define the power of the seventh lens to compensate for a chromatic aberration of the lens system consisting of the first lens to the seventh lens which is determined with reference to the characteristic of the glass material of the fifth, sixth and seventh lenses. Further, these features are important for making a balance of aberration in the lens system consisting of the front seven lenses. When |F 1  . 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 | is shorter than the focal length corresponding to F/0.6, requirements for the seventh lens become severe when the focal length F 1  . 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 is shorter than the focal length corresponding to the F/1.4. The severe requirements make the manufacture of the lenses difficult. Further, owing to the extreme compensation, the aberration of unnatural form which is very difficult to be compensated for appears. When the focal length |F 1  . 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 | is shorter than that corresponding to F/0.6, a long back focus can be comparatively easily obtained, but the lenses behind the seventh lens are required to have higher positiveness. To the contrary, when the focal length is longer than that corresponding to F/0.15, a long back focal length cannot be obtained easily. In addition, in this case, the positiveness of the seventh lens is small and the compensation for the coma for the light of comparatively small incident angle becomes difficult in combination with the eighth and ninth lenses. When the focal length F 1  . 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 is shorter than that corresponding to F/1.4, the compensation by the eighth and ninth lenses become extremely large, which is undesirable from the viewpoint of compensation of aberration. When the focal length is longer than that corresponding to F/0.8, the compensation becomes insufficient, and Petzval sum increases. 
     The third feature (3) defines a difference in the refractive index for compensating the spherical aberration and properly compensating the coma aberration. This feature is important for properly compensating the coma of chromatic aberration and balance the chromatic aberration of the whole lens system in connection with the value ν and the radius of curvature. 
     The fourth feature (4) defines the relation between the aberrations and the length of the lens system. That is, when the length of the lens system is smaller than 0.3 l, the purpose for making the lens system short is satisfied with reference to the first feature and the second feature (2) i), but the aberration is deteriorated. When the length of the lens system is longer than 0.5 l, the aberration is improved but the overall length of the lens system becomes too long. If the rear lens component is made small to solve this problem, the balance in aberrations is deteriorated. 
     Two specific examples of the present invention will be described hereinbelow. 
     The first example is shown in FIG. 1 and consists of a negative meniscus lens L 1 , a thick double convex lens L 2 , a negative meniscus lens L 3 , a negative meniscus lens L 4 , a first cemented doublet consisting of a negative meniscus lens L 5  and a double convex lens L 6 , a double convex lens L 7 , a second cemented doublet consisting of a plano-concave lens L 8  and a positive meniscus lens L 9 , a double convex lens L 10 , a negative meniscus lens L 11 , and a plano-convex lens L 12 . A filter is inserted between lenses L 4  and L 5 . The radii r 1  to r 22  and the thickness and separations d 1  to d 21 , along with refractive indices n 1  to n 12  and Abbe numbers ν 1  to ν 12  for lenses L 1  to L 12  are given in Table I as follows: 
     
                       TABLE 1______________________________________F = 100F.sub.1.2.3.4 = -70.42F.sub.1.2.3.4.5.6 = -274.72F.sub.1.2.3.4.5.6.7 =  108.22f.sub.B = 178.14 Radius of  Lens Thickness                        Refractive                                 AbbeLens  Curvature r            or Distance d                        index n  No. ν______________________________________ r.sub.1 = 324.0L.sub.1 {        d.sub.1 = 5.82                        n.sub.1 =1.6400                                 ν.sub.1 = 60.2 r.sub.2 = 126.0            d.sub.2 = 54.94 r.sub.3 = 3321.8L.sub.2          d.sub.3 = 139.21                        n.sub.2 = 1.6204                                 ν.sub.2 = 60.3 r.sub.4 = -350.9            d.sub.4 = 0.48 r.sub.5 = 119.7L.sub.3          d.sub.5 = 10.19                        n.sub.3 = 1.5119                                 ν.sub.3 = 58.1 r.sub.6 = 58.5            d.sub.6 = 28.29 r.sub.7 =  189.8L.sub.4          d.sub.7 = 14.56                        n.sub.4 = 1.8160                                 ν.sub.4 = 46.8 r.sub.8 = 86.5            d.sub.8.sub.-1 = 12.13 filter            filter thick-            ness = 3.88            d.sub.8.sub.-2 = 4.85 r.sub.9 = 487.4L.sub.5          d.sub.9 = 11.26                        n.sub.5 = 1.8074                                 ν.sub.5 = 35.4 r.sub.10 = 216.3L.sub.6          d.sub.10 = 28.73                        n.sub.6 = 1.7407                                 ν.sub.6 = 27.8 r.sub.11 = -189.7            d.sub.11 = 7.76 r.sub.12 = 159.7L.sub.7          d.sub.12 = 26.74                        n.sub.7 = 1.5892                                 ν.sub.7 = 41.1 r.sub.13 = -236.3            d.sub.13 = 5.67 r.sub.14 = ∞L.sub.8          d.sub.14  = 11.40                        n.sub.8 = 1.8051                                 ν.sub.8 = 25.4 r.sub.15 = 95.5L.sub.9          d.sub.15 = 10.63                        n.sub.9 = 1.6393                                 ν.sub.9 = 44.9 r.sub.16 = 202.0            d.sub.16 = 7.18 r.sub.17 = 4078.3L.sub.10         d.sub.17 = 15.48                        n.sub.10 = 1.6170                                 ν.sub.10 = 62.8 r.sub.18 = 110.2            d.sub.18 = 0.97 r.sub.19 = 324.2L.sub.11         d.sub.19 = 7.28                        n.sub.11 = 1.8051                                 ν.sub.11 = 25.4 r.sub.20 = 108.8            d.sub.20 = 14.27 r.sub.21 = ∞L.sub.12         d.sub.21 = 14.02                        n.sub.12 = 1.7865                                 ν.sub.12 = 50.2 r.sub.22 = -169.6______________________________________ 
    
     FIG. 2a shows the spherical aberration; FIG. 2b shows the chromatic aberration; FIG. ac shows the distortion; and FIG. 2d shows the astigmatism of the lens system shown in FIG. 1 and defined in Table I. 
     The second example is shown in FIG. 3 and consists of a negative meniscus lens L 1 , a double convex lens L 2 , a negative meniscus lens L 3 , a negative meniscus lens L 4 , a first cemented doublet consisting of a negative meniscus lens L 5  and a double convex lens L 6 , a double convex lens L 7 , a second cemented doublet consisting of a negative meniscus lens L 8  and a positive meniscus lens L 9 , a positive meniscus lens L 10 , a negative meniscus lens L 11 , and a double convex lens L 12 . A filter is inserted between lenses L 4  and L 5 . The radii r 1  to R.sub. 12 and Abbe numbers ν 1  to ν 12  for lenses L 1  to L 12  are given in Table II as follows: 
     
                       TABLE II______________________________________F = 100F.sub.1.2.3.4 = -62.89F.sub.1.2.3.4.5.6 = -239.80F.sub.1.2.3.4.5.6.7 = 90.74f.sub.B = 183.95 Radius of  Lens Thickness                        Refractive                                 AbbeLens  Curvature r            or Distance d                        Index n  No. ν______________________________________ r.sub.1 = 219.2L.sub.1          d.sub.1 = 5.84                        n.sub.1 = 1.6968                                 ν.sub.1 = 55.7 r.sub.2 = 110.9            d.sub.2 = 78.58 r.sub.3 = 2434.5L.sub.2          d.sub.3 = 39.00                        n.sub.2 = 1.5955                                 ν.sub.2 = 39.2 r.sub.4 = -369.4            d.sub.4 = 0.53 r.sub.5 = 132.9L.sub.3          d.sub.5 = 8.91                        n.sub.3 = 1.6237                                 ν.sub.3 = 46.9 r.sub.6 = 59.3            d.sub.6  = 37.58 r.sub.7 = 185.1L.sub.4          d.sub.7 = 14.60                        n.sub.4 = 1.8061                                 ν.sub.4 = 40.8 r.sub.8 = 85.4            d.sub.8.sub.-1 = 12.17 filter     filter thick-            ness = 3.89            d.sub.8.sub.-2 = 4.86 r.sub.9 = 420.8L.sub.5          d.sub.9 = 11.44                        n.sub.5 = 1.8340                                 ν.sub.5 = 37.2 r.sub.10 = 92.6L.sub.6          d.sub.10 = 20.88                        n.sub.6 = 1.7552                                 ν.sub.6 = 27.5 r.sub.11 = -165.7            d.sub.11 = 7.30 r.sub.12 = 134.7L.sub.7          d.sub.12 = 24.34                        n.sub.7 = 1.5892                                 ν.sub.7 = 41.1 r.sub.13 = -211.6            d.sub.13 = 1.85 r.sub.14 =  35056.8L.sub.8          d.sub.14 = 8.42                        n.sub.8 = 1.8051                                 ν.sub.8 = 25.4 r.sub.15 = 77.4L.sub.9          d.sub.15 = 13.13                        n.sub.9 = 1.6700                                 ν.sub.9 = 47.3 r.sub.16 = 169.7            d.sub.16 = 9.73 r.sub.17 = -3408.3L.sub.10         d.sub.17 = 17.72                        n.sub.10 = 1.6134                                 ν.sub.10 = 57.4 r.sub.18 = -105.6            d.sub.18 = 0.43                        n.sub.11 = 1.8466                                 ν.sub.11 = 23.9 r.sub.19 = 299.0L.sub.11         d.sub.19 = 5.89 r.sub.20 = 106.5            d.sub.20 = 14.60                        n.sub.12 = 1.5891                                 ν.sub.12 = 61.1 r.sub.21 = 841.8L.sub.12         d.sub.21 =  18.45 r.sub.22 = -147.5______________________________________ 
    
     FIG. 4a shows the spherical aberration; FIG. 4b shows the chromatic aberration; FIG. 4c shows the distortion; and FIG. 4d shows the astigmatism of the lens system shown in FIG. 3 and defined in Table II. 
     It will be apparent that the embodiments shown are only exemplary and that various modifications can be made in construction and arrangement within the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.