Abstract:
Systems and methods for duplicating keys are provided. In some embodiments, a system for creating keys is provided, the system comprising: a kiosk comprising: a key scanner capturing geometric information of a key; and a hardware processor that: receives security information; automatically determines a key type and bit heights of the key and causes these, along with first identifying information based on the first security information, to be stored at a remote storage device; receives second security information corresponding to second identifying information; verifies the second security information and, in response, identifies stored geometric information about one or more keys that can be made, wherein the stored geometric information includes geometric information corresponding to the second security information; and a key shaping device that creates a third key using the second geometric information.

Description:
cross-reference to related applications 
       [0001]    This application is a continuation under 35 U.S.C. §120 of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/734,032, filed Jan. 4, 2013, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/691,396, filed Aug. 21, 2012, U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/683,794, filed Aug. 16, 2012, U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/656,832, filed Jun. 7, 2012, U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/602,456, filed Feb. 23, 2012, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/582,990, filed Jan. 4, 2012. Each of the above-referenced patent applications is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. 
     
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
       [0002]    The disclosed subject matter relates to systems and methods for duplicating keys. 
       BACKGROUND 
       [0003]    A lock and key are used as one way of limiting access to places (e.g. homes, places of business, storage, etc.) and other types of property (e.g., vehicles, etc.) to a person in possession of a key that can operate the lock. A problem arises when a person who would normally be authorized to enter or use the property protected by the lock does not have physical access to the appropriate key. For example, if a user locks themselves out of their home with the key inside, they cannot gain access to the home because they do not have access to the key. As another example, if a user loses a key to a safe, the user cannot access property that may be inside the safe. One way that users solve the problem is by calling a skilled locksmith that is able to open the lock without a key and/or is able to create a new key for the lock without using an existing key as a template. However, skilled locksmiths are expensive and may not be readily available when the user is in need. Another way that users solve the problem is by hiding a copy of an important key in a place that is not secure, such as under a doormat or in a fake rock placed somewhere accessible by the user. This presents a security risk as a person other than the user can use the hidden key to gain access to the lock. 
         [0004]    Therefore, there is a need for mechanisms for duplicating keys that do not require the services of a skilled locksmith and are secure, among other things. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0005]    In accordance with various embodiments of the disclosed subject matter, systems and methods for duplicating keys are provided. 
         [0006]    In accordance with some embodiments, systems for creating keys are provided, the systems comprising: at least one hardware processor that: receives security information from a user; and receives geometric information about a first key associated with the security information from a storage device; and a key shaping device that creates a second key using the geometric information. 
         [0007]    In some embodiments, systems for creating keys are provided, the systems comprising: a key receiver that receives a first key; a key scanner that captures geometric information about the first key; a hardware processor that determines a key type and bitting pattern of the first key based on the geometric information; and a key shaping device that creates a second key based on the key type and bitting pattern determined by the processor. 
         [0008]    In some embodiments, methods for creating keys are provided, the methods comprising: receiving security information from a user; receiving geometric information about a first key associated with the security information from a storage device; and creating a second key using the geometric information. 
         [0009]    In some embodiments, methods for creating keys are provided, the methods comprising: receiving a first key; scanning geometric information about the first key; determining a key type and bitting pattern of the first key based on the geometric information; and creating a second key based on the key type and bitting pattern determined by the processor. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0010]    The above and other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent upon consideration of the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like reference characters refer to like parts throughout, and in which: 
           [0011]      FIG. 1  shows an illustrative example of a schematic diagram of a system for duplicating keys in accordance with some embodiments of the disclosed subject matter; 
           [0012]      FIG. 2  shows an illustrative example of a perspective view of a kiosk for duplicating keys in accordance with some embodiments of the disclosed subject matter; 
           [0013]      FIG. 3  shows an illustrative example of a process for duplicating keys in accordance with some embodiments of the disclosed subject matter; 
           [0014]      FIG. 4A  shows an illustrative example of a scanning arrangement for capturing geometric information about a key in accordance with some embodiments of the disclosed subject matter; 
           [0015]      FIG. 4B  shows an illustrative example of a mechanisms for holding a key in a particular position while geometric information about the key is captured in accordance with some embodiments of the disclosed subject matter; 
           [0016]      FIG. 5  shows an illustrative example of geometric information about a key captured from a side view of the key in accordance with some embodiments of the disclosed subject matter; 
           [0017]      FIG. 6  shows an illustrative example of geometric information about a key captured from an end view of the key in accordance with some embodiments of the disclosed subject matter; 
           [0018]      FIG. 7  shows an illustrative example of a physical scanning arrangement for capturing geometric information about a key in accordance with some embodiments of the disclosed subject matter; 
           [0019]      FIG. 8  shows an example illustrating the concept of returning a key bite pattern to factory specifications when making a duplicate key in accordance with some embodiments of the disclosed subject matter; 
           [0020]      FIG. 9A  shows an illustrative example of a rotating carousel of magazines for use in a key duplicating system in accordance with some embodiments of the disclosed subject matter; 
           [0021]      FIG. 9B  shows an illustrative example of a rotating carousel of magazines installed in a system for duplicating keys in accordance with some embodiments of the disclosed subject matter; 
           [0022]      FIG. 10  shows an illustrative example of a kiosk with horizontally installed magazines in accordance with some embodiments of the disclosed subject matter; 
           [0023]      FIG. 11A  shows an illustrative example of a kiosk with vertically installed magazines and a funnel and alignment mechanism in accordance with some embodiments of the disclosed subject matter; 
           [0024]      FIG. 11B  shows an illustrative example of a perspective view of a kiosk with multiple rows of vertically installed magazines and a funnel and alignment mechanism in accordance with some embodiments of the disclosed subject matter; and 
           [0025]      FIG. 12  shows an illustrative example of different key types arranged in one magazine in accordance with some embodiments of the disclosed subject matter. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0026]    In accordance with various embodiments, systems and methods for duplicating keys are provided. 
         [0027]    In some embodiments, these systems and methods allow a user to create a copy of a key. For example, a user can create a copy of a key if the key has been lost, if the user wishes to make a copy for a friend, or for any other suitable reason. In order to do so, in some embodiments, these systems and methods can detect a bitting pattern and a blank type of a user&#39;s key. This bitting pattern, blank type, and any other suitable information can then be stored in any suitable storage mechanism. At a suitable subsequent point in time (such as when the user has lost the key), these systems and methods can generate a duplicate of the key without the presence of the original key. This can be accomplished by retrieving the stored information from storage, selecting a blank key corresponding to the blank type, cutting the blank key according to the bitting pattern, and dispensing the key to the user. Any suitable security mechanisms can be included in these systems and methods to prevent unauthorized key duplication. 
         [0028]    One of the uses of such systems and methods can be to provide a user with a way of creating a duplicate key when the original is not available, for instance during a lockout situation. Another use of these systems and methods can allow a user to obtain a duplicate key in a self-service fashion without assistance from, for example, a skilled locksmith or an employee at a hardware store that duplicates keys. Additionally, the systems and methods can be used to verify user identification through biometric scanning to provide a secure method for duplicating sensitive keys (e.g., a home key, a vehicle key, etc.). 
         [0029]    Turning to  FIG. 1 , an example of hardware  100  that can be used in some embodiments is illustrated. As shown, hardware  100  can include a display  102 , one or more input device(s)  104 , one or more key detector(s)  106 , storage  108 , a hardware processor  110 , a communication network interface  112 , a key movement mechanism  114 , a key cutting and cleaning mechanism  116 , and/or any other suitable components. 
         [0030]    This hardware can be arranged in any suitable manner in some embodiments. For example, this hardware can be arranged in a kiosk, such as kiosk  200  of  FIG. 2 , in some embodiments. 
         [0031]    In some embodiments, a subset of the hardware shown in  FIG. 1  can be implemented in a scan-only kiosk that can be used to save a key template but not to create a key copy. For example, such a kiosk can omit mechanisms  114 ,  116 , and  118  in some embodiments. 
         [0032]    Display  102  can be any suitable display, such as an LCD display, a cathode ray tube display, an electronic paper display, etc. Input device(s)  104  can include any suitable input devices, such as a keypad, a keyboard, a fingerprint reader, an eye scanner (e.g., a retina or iris scanner), a touchpad, a credit card scanner, a smart card reader, a near field communication device, an RFID scanner, a touch sensor, a camera, a Quick Response code (QR code) reader, a barcode reader, etc. In some embodiments, display  102  and an input device  104  can be combined as a touch sensitive display (or touchscreen device). 
         [0033]    Key detector  106  can be any suitable mechanism for detecting the bitting pattern and/or the blank type of a key. For example, the key detector can be any suitable device that detects the bitting pattern and/or blank type of a key using any suitable technology such as optical technologies, mechanical technologies, electrical technologies, and/or any other technology, as described further below. More generally, key detector  106  can detect geometric information about a key. For example, key detector  106  can detect the dimensions of a key (e.g., length, width, height, profile, shoulder shape, etc.) and features of the key. Examples of features of the key can include, but are not limited to, a bitting pattern, protuberances, dimples, voids, grooves, a milling profile, a milling pattern of the key from one or more side views, a milling pattern of the key from a front view (e.g., looking from the tip of the key toward the head of the key), etc. 
         [0034]    In some embodiments, key detector  106  can detect the presence of an instruction to not duplicate the key. For example, such an instruction can be printed or engraved on a key by words, such as, “do not duplicate.” As another example, such an instruction can be embedded in the key as an RFID chip, or the like. As another example, such an instruction can be indicated by the presence of a physical indication to not copy the key. For instance, a notch can be cut in the top of the key, or material can added to a portion of the key that is not inserted into a lock. In such embodiments, the presence of an instruction to not duplicate the key can cause the mechanisms described herein to inhibit scanning and/or duplication of the key as described herein. 
         [0035]    Storage  108  can be any suitable storage. For example, storage  108  can be random access memory (RAM), electrically erasable programmable read only memory (EEPROM), flash memory, disk memory, network storage, a database, any other suitable storage, or any suitable combination thereof. 
         [0036]    Hardware processor  110  can be any suitable processing hardware. For example, hardware processor  110  can be a microprocessor, a microcontroller, dedicated logic, a field programmable gate array, a general purpose computer, a special purpose computer, a client, a server, and/or any other suitable processing hardware. 
         [0037]    Communication network interface  112  can be any suitable interface facilitating communications on a communication network. For example, communication network interface can be a wired network interface (such as an Ethernet network interface card (NIC), a USB interface, a cable television network interface, a telephone network interface, etc.), a wireless network interface (such as an IEEE 802.11x interface, a Bluetooth interface, a mobile telephone interface, a wireless data network interface, a satellite communications interface, etc.), an optical interface, and/or any other suitable interface. 
         [0038]    Key movement mechanism  114  can be any suitable mechanism for moving a key from a key blank storage area  118  to key cutting and cleaning mechanism  116 . For example, key movement mechanism  114  can include a key blank holding mechanism connected to one or more belts and/or stabilizer bars in which the position and operation of the gripper is controllable by hardware processor  110  and/or any other suitable mechanism. As another example, key movement mechanism  114  can be a robotic arm that is controllable by hardware processor  110  and/or any other suitable mechanism. Additionally or alternatively, as described in more detail below in connection with  FIG. 11 , key movement mechanism  114  can include a funnel and/or alignment mechanism that receives a key blank from a stack and positions the key blank to be moved to key cutting and cleaning mechanism  116 . 
         [0039]    In some embodiments, key blank storage  118  can house an inventory of any suitable number of types of key blanks (sometimes referred to herein as “blanks”) In some embodiments, keys of each blank type (e.g., key blanks with different milling patterns, key blanks of different sizes, etc.) can be stored in stacks within the storage area. Each stack can include any suitable number of blanks Inventory levels of blanks can be monitored (locally or remotely) to keep track of how many key blanks are remaining in each stack. In some embodiments, each stack can have one or more sensors which can be used to determine how many blanks remain in the stack. In some embodiments, in response to sensing that the number of blanks in a stack (or the number of blanks of a certain type) has fallen below a threshold, a technician can be alerted and dispatched to add blanks. The technician can be alerted using any suitable communication method. For example, an email, a text message or a voice message can be sent to the technician. As another example, a message can be sent to the technician using a specialized application that includes software for managing inventory levels of key blanks 
         [0040]    In some embodiments, blanks can be removed from a stack as needed by key movement mechanism  114 . For example, the magazines holding stacks of inventoried key blanks can be aligned vertically, in some embodiments. This can allow for key blanks to be fed to the bottom of the magazine by gravity as key blanks are removed by key movement mechanism  114 . If the stacks are aligned vertically, the blank on the bottom of each stack can be removable by key movement mechanism  114 . In an alternative example, if the stacks are aligned vertically, the blank at the top of each stack can be removable by key movement mechanism  114 . In yet another example, key movement mechanism  114  can remove a blank from an arbitrary position in each stack. In some embodiments, stacks can be arranged in any suitable orientation, such as horizontally. 
         [0041]    In some embodiments, a magazine can hold the stacks of inventories blanks. These magazines can be, for example, a storage and feeding device for holding a stack of inventory blanks The magazines for holding the stacks of inventory can be made from any suitable material, such as: steel, aluminum, plastic, rubber, carbon fiber, etc. The magazines can be shaped to facilitate selection and removal of key blanks from the stack of blanks by key movement mechanism  114 . In some embodiments, the magazines can be replaceable in a housing that houses hardware  100  to facilitate placement of blanks for use by allowing multiple keys to be placed at the same time. For example, if a technician is alerted that an inventory of a particular type of blank is below a threshold, the technician can refill the inventory of the particular type of blank. 
         [0042]    In some embodiments, the magazines holding stacks of inventoried key blanks can be placed on a rotating carousel. An illustrative example is shown in  FIGS. 9   a  and  9   b . Such an embodiment can allow for a greater number of magazines, and correspondingly unique key types, within a given kiosk volume compared with a mounted set of static magazines. Alternatively, key movement mechanism  114  can rotate to reach surrounding magazines to achieve a similar result of accommodating a large number of magazines inside the small interior of a kiosk, in some embodiments. 
         [0043]    In some cases in which the kiosk height is greater than its width, for example, magazines can be aligned horizontally so that the number of magazines which can be accommodated is increased in some embodiments. This can allow for more types of keys to be stocked, for example, in a kiosk having a limited footprint. An illustrative example is in  FIG. 10 . In some embodiments, a passive push mechanism (e.g., a spring or springs) or active push mechanism (e.g., a screw mechanism, a conveyer, etc.) can apply pressure to the horizontally stacked key blanks and the blanks can be retrievable by key movement mechanism  114  at one or both sides of each stack. 
         [0044]    In some embodiments, key blanks can be dispensed from the magazines (using any suitable mechanism) into a funnel and alignment mechanism where they can be properly oriented and then retrieved by key movement mechanism  114 . It should be noted that the funnel and alignment mechanisms along with mechanisms for dispensing blanks from the magazines can be thought of as part of key movement mechanism  114 , in some embodiments. An illustrative example is shown in  FIG. 11A . Such a method can allow for significant freedom in the placement of magazines within the kiosk, so that a large number of magazines can be accommodated. For example, magazines can be arranged in a two dimensional array.  FIG. 11B  shows an illustrative example of a perspective view of kiosk  200  in which the vertical magazines can be arranged in rows from one side of kiosk  200  to the other and in rows from the front of kiosk  200  toward the back of kiosk  200 . Alternatively, the magazines can be arranged in any suitable configuration that allows blanks stored in the magazines to be dispensed into the funnel and alignment mechanism included in key movement mechanism  114  to be oriented and then retrieved by a key gripping and moving mechanisms that is included in key movement mechanism  114 . 
         [0045]    In some embodiments, each magazine can contain an inventory of multiple key types so that the number of magazines does not restrict the number of key types which can be accommodated in a kiosk. An illustrative example is shown in  FIG. 12 . In this embodiment, a key type detection method (e.g., optical imaging), can be used to identify the location of a given blank type within a magazine. Key movement mechanism  114  can then retrieve a required key blank type from an appropriate location within the magazine. 
         [0046]    Key cutting and cleaning mechanism  116  can be any suitable mechanism for cutting and cleaning a key. For example, key cutting and cleaning mechanism  116  can include a key blank holding mechanism, a cutting tool, a deburring tool, a scrap metal guard and debris container, and/or any other suitable key cutting and/or key cleaning device. In some embodiments, various parts described herein can be part of a computer numerical control (CNC) machine used to create a duplicate key. For example, mechanisms  114  and  116  combined can together be part of a CNC machine that can be precisely controlled. For example, such a CNC machine can have a key blank holding mechanism attached one or more belts and/or stabilizing bars that can receive a blank key from key storage area  118 . The key blank holding mechanism of the CNC machine can then be moved with the blank key to a cutting blade of the cutting tool under the control of the hardware processor and cause the key to be cut according to specifications. After a key is cut, the CNC machine can then move the blank key to the deburring tool to be cleaned of burrs that can result from the cutting process. After deburring is complete, the holding mechanism can release the new key into a key dispensing chute where it can be retrieved by the user. 
         [0047]    As another example, mechanism  116  can include a CNC machine having a robotic arm that can be precisely controlled. A key blank holding mechanism can be attached to the end of such a robotic arm that can be used to retrieve a key from key movement mechanism  114  (e.g., the funnel and alignment mechanism described above). The robotic arm of the CNC machine can then move the blank key to a cutting blade of the cutting tool under the control of the hardware processor and cause the key to be cut according to specifications. After a key is cut, the CNC machine can then move the blank key to the deburring tool to be cleaned of burrs that can result from the cutting process. After deburring is complete, the holding mechanism can release the new key into a key dispensing chute where it can be retrieved by the user. 
         [0048]    A scrap metal guard and debris container can include one or more flaps surrounding the cutting blade. These flaps can contain and direct scrap metal generated during the cutting process to the scrap metal container. This container can be located below the cutting tool. The container can be easily accessible to facilitate convenient removal of scrap metal during routine maintenance. 
         [0049]    In some embodiments, a key can be replicated by an additive manufacturing process such as three-dimensional printing, whereby a new key is fabricated by laying successive layers of an inventoried material to the desired specifications. Such a technique can allow for the duplication of a large number of different key types and can negate the need for inventoried blank keys. 
         [0050]    In some embodiments, keys can be replicated from a sheet, bar or coil of metal (generally referred to herein as “stock”). For example material to create a new key can be removed from the stock as needed. Any suitable technique can be used for removing a required amount of material from the stock to create a new key. For example, a required amount of material can be removed from the stock by stamping. As another example, a required amount to material can cut from the stock using any suitable technique (e.g., cut with a blade, milled, cut with a laser, cut with a plasma tool, a water jet cutting tool, etc.). The material removed from the stock can then be shaped into a new key using any suitable techniques. For example, the CNC machine described above can be used to shape a new key from material removed from the stock. Such a technique can allow for the duplication of a large number of different key types and can negate the need for inventoried blank keys. 
         [0051]    In some embodiments, keys can be replicated from a material such as hard plastic (e.g., thermoplastics or thermosetting polymers, such as, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, and polytetrafluoroethylene, etc., polyvinyl chloride (PVC), or any other suitable plastic). In such an embodiment, a block (or blocks) of such a plastic can be stored to be used to replicate keys. A required amount of material for replicating a key can be removed from the block as required and can be shaped into an appropriate shape for replicating a particular key. Such a technique can allow for the duplication of a large number of different key types and can negate the need for inventoried blank keys. In other embodiments, key blanks can be made of plastic rather than metal. Using plastic rather than metal to replicate keys can allow for keys to be replicated that can be easily and safely disposed of by a user after the key has fulfilled a particular purpose. For example, if the user gets locked out of their home, the user can create a replica key from plastic and retrieve the original key. The user can then dispose of the plastic replica key (e.g., by cutting up or shredding the key) so that there are not multiple unused copies of the key for the user to keep track of. Using plastic can also allow for keys to be more easily created as shaping plastic is generally easier than shaping metal. 
         [0052]    Any suitable material can be used for replicating keys using the mechanisms described herein. 
         [0053]    In some embodiments, a user can supply an appropriate key blank for replicating a particular key. In such an embodiment, a user can determine a type of key blank required for replicating a particular key and obtain that type of key blank to use in replicating the key. For example, the user can look up the type of key blank using a computer application, mobile application, or web platform. In some cases a user can buy a blank of the required type at a retail location (e.g., a hardware store), or blanks can be available at a location where the kiosk for replicating keys is located where the user can select a key blank herself or acquire the appropriate blank from an attendant (e.g., a clerk). When the user has acquired the appropriate blank type, the user can supply the blank to the mechanism for replicating the key. In such an embodiment, the mechanism can verify that the blank supplied by the user is the correct type of blank for the particular key to be replicated. This can be done by capturing one or more images of the blank, or by using any other suitable technique for determining the properties of the blank, such as the techniques for determining the properties of a key described herein. Such a technique can allow for the duplication of a large number of different key types and can negate the need for inventoried blank keys. 
         [0054]    Turning to  FIG. 3 , an example of a process  300  that can be used to control the creation of keys by hardware, such as hardware  100  of  FIG. 1 , is illustrated in accordance with some embodiments. This process can be executed in hardware processor  110 . 
         [0055]    As shown, after process  300  begins at  302 , the process can receive a user input of an action to be taken. For example, in some embodiments, this action can be to immediately create a duplicate of a key, to save a template of a key, or to recreate a key from a template. Any other actions can additionally or alternatively be taken in some embodiments. This user input can be received in any suitable manner. For example, in some embodiments, this user input can be specified by the user pressing a button on a touch screen interface, by a user inserting a key in to a key detector, by a user swiping a finger on a fingerprint reader or scanning an eye with a retina scanner, and/or by the user taking any other suitable action. 
         [0056]    If the user selects to immediately duplicate a key, then process  300  can branch at  306  to  308  where payment information can be received. Any suitable mechanism for receiving payment information can be used. For example, in some embodiments, credit card information can be entered via user input device(s)  104 . As another example, in some embodiments, an electronic device (such as a mobile phone) can be brought into proximity or tapped against a user input device  104 . As yet another example, payment information can be received as an electronic message received via communication network interface  112 . As still another example, input device(s)  104  can scan an image presented by the user that contains payment information such as an account number, etc. In such an example, the payment information can be encoded in the image so that it is difficult or impossible for a human to discern the payment information with the naked eye. 
         [0057]    Next, at  310 , process  300  can scan a key presented by the user. Any suitable approach to scanning a key can be used in some embodiments. For example, a key can be scanned as described below in connection with  FIGS. 4-7 . This key scanning can detect the key bitting pattern and/or the key blank type in some embodiments. 
         [0058]    Then, at  312 , process  300  can replicate the scanned key. This replication can be performed in any suitable manner. For example, in some embodiments, the key can be replicated by the hardware processor  110 : (a) controlling the key movement mechanism  114  to retrieve an appropriate key blank from a key repository and move the key to the key cutting and cleaning mechanism  116 ; and (b) controlling the key cutting and cleaning mechanism  116  to cut the key according to the detected bitting pattern and then clean the key to remove burrs, etc. 
         [0059]    Finally, at  314 , the process can cause the key to be dispensed to a user. For example, the hardware processor can control the key cutting and cleaning mechanism  116  to drop the key in the key dispensing chute. 
         [0060]    If the user selects to save a key template, then process  300  can branch at  306  to  316  where user information can be received. Any suitable user information can be received, and this information can be received in any suitable manner, in some embodiments. For example, in some embodiments, a user name, a key name, a user physical address, a user phone number, a user credit card number, a user identification number (e.g., social security number, driver&#39;s license number, passport number, etc.), a user name, a user email address, and/or any other suitable user information can be received using one or more user input device(s)  104 . In some embodiments, receiving user information can be omitted from process  300 . 
         [0061]    At  318 , process  300  can then receive security information. Any suitable security information can be received and this information can be received in any suitable manner, in some embodiments. For example, in some embodiments, a user password, a user spoken word, a user fingerprint scan, a user retina or iris scan a face image, a DNA sample, a palm print, a hand geometry measurement and/or any other suitable security information can be received using one or more user input device(s)  104 . In some embodiments, receiving security information can be omitted from process  300 . 
         [0062]    Next, at  320 , process  300  can scan a user&#39;s key. Any suitable approach to scanning a key can be used in some embodiments. For example, a key can be scanned as described below in connection with  FIGS. 4-7 . This key scanning can detect the key bitting pattern and/or the key blank type in some embodiments. 
         [0063]    Finally, at  322 , the information received at  316 ,  318 , and/or  320  can be stored. This information can be stored in any suitable manner and at any suitable location. For example, in some embodiments, this information can be stored in storage  108 . As another example, in some embodiments, this information can be transmitted via communication network interface  112  to a remote storage device. As yet another example, in some embodiments, some information can be stored locally and some information can be stored remotely. In some embodiments, any suitable security procedures can be performed in connection with storing the information. For example, in some embodiments, the information can be encrypted prior to being stored. The information stored at  322  can then later be accessible by the same hardware and/or any other suitable hardware. For example, if a first kiosk is used to save a key template, a second kiosk can be configured to recreate a key from that template in some embodiments. Such a second kiosk can be nearby or remote from the first kiosk. 
         [0064]    In some embodiments, a user can have the option to save key information after immediately creating a duplicate key. In such a case, if a user elects to save the key information, similarly to what is described above in connection with  316 ,  318 , and  322 , the user can be prompted to enter user information and/or security information and that information, along with the bitting pattern and key blank type information, can be stored. If a user does not choose to save key information after immediate duplication, or if the option to do so is not presented to the user, the key information can be deleted to protect the security of the user. 
         [0065]    In some embodiments, information on a key type and bitting information of a key provided by the user can be sent to the user in addition to, or instead of, being stored in storage device  108 . For example, the information can be sent to the user by e-mail, text message, mail, or any other suitable manner of sending the information. This can allow for a user to have access to the information on the type of key and bitting information without relying on storage  108 . In a case where the information is not stored in storage  108 , this can allow a user that is especially concerned with privacy to know that information required to create a replica of the key is not stored with personal information of the user. 
         [0066]    In some embodiments, when a key is scanned at  320 , an anonymous entry can be created corresponding to the key and the entry can be assigned an index number. The index number, bitting information, key type information, and/or information entered by a user (e.g., a password, a pin number, etc.) can be used to create a unique number that corresponds to the key. The user can then use the unique number to obtain a replica of the key, or give the unique number to another user so that the second user can obtain a replica of the key. This can allow for a user that is especially concerned with privacy to know that information required to create a replica of the key is not stored with personal information of the user, because the entry corresponding to the key is anonymous. 
         [0067]    In some embodiments, a user can have the option to immediately create a duplicate key after saving a key template. In such a case, if a user elects to create a duplicate key, similarly to what is described above in connection with  308 ,  312 , and  314 , the user can be prompted to enter payment information and the key can be replicated and dispensed. 
         [0068]    If the user selects to recreate a key from a template (e.g., because the user has lost his or her key), then process  300  can branch at  306  to  324  where user and security information can be received. Any suitable user information and/or any suitable security information can be received, and this information can be received in any suitable manner, in some embodiments. For example, this information can be received to securely identify the user and/or the key. More particularly, this information can include a user name and a password, a fingerprint scan, a face image capture, a credit card swipe, a key name for a previously stored key template, any other suitable information, or any suitable combination thereof. As an even more particular example, the user can be prompted to select a key from the list of those that were previously stored. Such a list can include descriptive names entered during a key template storage process, key images, etc. 
         [0069]    Next, at  326 , payment information can be received. Any suitable mechanism for receiving payment information can be used. For example, in some embodiments, credit card information can be entered via user input device(s)  104 . As another example, in some embodiments, an electronic device (such as a mobile phone) can be brought into proximity or tapped against a user input device  104 . As yet another example, payment information can be received as an electronic message received via communication network interface  112 . 
         [0070]    Then, at  328 , process  300  can replicate the desired key. This replication can be performed in any suitable manner. For example, in some embodiments, they key can be replicated by the hardware processor  110 : (a) controlling the key movement mechanism  114  to retrieve an appropriate key blank from a key repository and move the key to the key cutting and cleaning mechanism  116 ; and (b) controlling the key cutting and cleaning mechanism  116  to cut the key according to the stored bitting pattern and then clean the key to remove burrs, etc. 
         [0071]    In some embodiments, the bitting pattern from the originally scanned key can be compared to a database of known bitting specifications for keys and locks. From this comparison, an inference can be made as to the factory specifications of the bitting of the to-be-copied key. When a duplicate is created, it can be cut to these factory specifications instead of merely replicating the original key&#39;s bitting profile. This allows for correction of flaws in the original key resulting from wear-and-tear, previous duplications, or other ca uses. An example of this is shown in  FIG. 8 . In doing so, a duplicated key can be more accurate than a previous copy. Additionally or alternatively, a user can identify the type of lock that the key is for by entering a make and/or model of the lock. The make and/or model of the lock can be compared to a database to determine factory specifications corresponding to the lock type and key identified by the user, and the duplicate can be replicated using the original bitting profile as described above. 
         [0072]    In addition to correcting for imperfections in a key&#39;s bitting depths during a duplication, other imperfections in a previous key can also be corrected. For example, the bitting platform length, the platform spacing, the platform offset, localized deformations, and/or bitting angles can be corrected in some embodiments. In some embodiments keys at custom, non-factory specifications can additionally be produced. 
         [0073]    Finally, at  330 , the process can cause the key to be dispensed to a user. For example, the hardware processor can control the key cutting and cleaning mechanism  116  to drop the key in the key dispensing chute. 
         [0074]    In some embodiments, a subset of what is shown in process  300  can be used. For example, when hardware  100  is implemented as a scan-only kiosk, only steps  316 ,  318 ,  320 , and  322  can be performed by a corresponding process. 
         [0075]    It should be understood that some of the above steps of the flow diagram of  FIG. 3  can be executed or performed in an order or sequence other than the order and sequence shown and described in the figure. Also, some of the above steps of the flow diagram of  FIG. 3  can be executed or performed substantially simultaneously where appropriate or in parallel to reduce latency and processing times. 
         [0076]    Referring to  FIGS. 4-7 , key scanning in accordance with some embodiments is further described. 
         [0077]    As shown in  FIG. 4A , in order to be scanned, a key  402  can be inserted by a user into a slot  404 . The key scanning slot can be able to accommodate a variety of blank types with varying lengths, widths, and shapes. The key scanning slot can properly position the key to ensure the scanning process is successful. The key scanning slot can be positioned at a downward angle so that the key gravity will assist the user in ensuring that the key is inserted fully. The key scanning slot can allow a user to maintain contact with the handle of the key at all times in some embodiments. The key scanning slot can permit the key to remain attached to a keychain (or key ring, or any other key retention device) during key scanning. 
         [0078]    As shown in  FIG. 4B , key  402  can be fixed in position between a mobile surface  410  and a fixed surface  412  while key  402  is being scanned in accordance with some embodiments. In such an embodiment, the force from mobile surface  410  applied to the teeth of key  402  can fix key  402  in place against fixed surface  412 . This can allow for keys to be scanned to be aligned in the same position each time a key is inserted and ensure that there is no movement of the key when geometric information about the key is being scanned. 
         [0079]    Once in the slot, one or more imaging devices  406  and  408  can be used to optically detect a bitting pattern and a key blank type of the key in some embodiments. For example, as shown in  FIG. 5 , an imaging device  406  can be used to capture an image  502  of key  402 . As another example, as shown in  FIG. 6 , an imaging device  408  can be used to capture an image  602  of key  402 . Using these two images, parameters unique to each key can be detected in order to correctly determine both the bitting pattern and key blank type of the key. 
         [0080]    In order to do so, in some embodiments, a thresholding algorithm, such as Otsu&#39;s Method (described, for example, in N. Otsu, “A thresholding selection method from gray level histogram”, IEEE Trans. on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, 9 (1), 62-66, January 1979, which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety), can first be used to pre-process the images and remove any spectral noise data. Then, once pre-processing of both images has been accomplished, a corner detection algorithm, such as Harris&#39; Method (described, for example, in C. Harris and M. J. Stephens. “A combined corner and edge detector”, Alvey Vision Conference, pages 147-152, 1988, which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety), can be used to detect reference points  504  and  604  in images  502  and  602 , respectively. 
         [0081]    As shown in  FIG. 6 , point  604  can be the left-most, lower corner of the key. From this point, width variations in the z-axis of the key can be measured over regular increments along the y-axis. These width variations can be compared to known key blank data to determine a key blank type (or milling type). This data can be used to select the appropriate blank type during the key replication. 
         [0082]    As shown in  FIG. 5 , point  504  can be the tip of the key end. From this point, height variations in the y-axis of the key can be measured over regular increments along the x-axis. These height variations can be used to determine the bitting pattern of the key and to cut the key during the key replication. 
         [0083]    Machine learning algorithms can also be employed to improve the accuracy and capabilities of the machine vision software. 
         [0084]    In some embodiments, a laser-based mechanism, for detecting a milling type and a bitting pattern of a key can be used. Such a laser-based mechanism can be used to scan a key and detect the outline of the key from each of the perspectives illustrated in  FIGS. 5 and 6 . 
         [0085]    As described above, additionally or alternatively to detecting the bitting pattern and the blank type optically, a mechanical mechanism can be used to detect one or more of these features of a key. For example, as shown in  FIG. 7 , a bitting detection finger  702  can be used to detect the bitting of a key. More particularly, for instance, the movement of the finger can be detected by suitable electromechanical sensors as key  402  is entered into slot  404 . As another more particular example, the finger can be moved automatically along the key after the key has been inserted into the slot and the bitting pattern detected based on up and down movements of the finger as detected by a suitable electromechanical sensor. 
         [0086]    In some embodiments, rather than detecting key blank type (or milling type) as described above, a dedicated key slot for each key type available can be used. In such a case, upon entering a key into a key slot, the key blank type can be determined simply from the fact that the key fits into the slot. 
         [0087]    In some embodiments, a tray can be provided where a user can place a key to be scanned. Such a tray can be provided in lieu of or in addition to slot  404 . Such a tray can allow for irregularly shaped keys (e.g., tubular keys, four sided keys, Zeiss keys, skeleton keys, etc.) that may not fit into slot  404  to be scanned by the kiosk using any suitable technique, such as the techniques described herein. 
         [0088]    In some embodiments, a key to be replicated can be held in front of a particular location on a kiosk where the key can be scanned. This can allow for irregularly shaped keys (e.g., tubular keys, four sided keys, Zeiss keys, skeleton keys, etc.) that may not fit into slot  404  to be scanned by the kiosk using any suitable technique, such as the techniques described herein. 
         [0089]    In some embodiments, any other suitable mechanisms for detecting bitting patterns and/or key blank type can be used in some embodiments. For example, in some embodiments, key bitting can be detected by: many small mechanical pins which are pushed by key bitting and the pin positions get detected by suitable electromechanical sensors; one or more LED and/or photodiode arrays which detect obstruction created by the key bitting; micro air flow detectors which detect obstructions caused by bitting; heat sensors which detect obstructions caused by bitting; ultrasonic distance sensors; etc. 
         [0090]    In some embodiments, in addition to a key being scanned using one or more key detector(s)  106  as described above, a key can be scanned using any other suitable device(s). For example, in some embodiments, a key can be scanned using any optical detector, scanner, camera, mobile phone, smartphone, tablet computer, etc. In such embodiments, for example, a user can be able to photograph a key and supply one or more corresponding images to hardware processor  110  (or any other suitable hardware processor) so that the hardware processor can process the image(s) to detect the key&#39;s bitting pattern and/or key blank type. In some embodiments, the image(s) can contain reference objects, such as a quarter, in order to determine the size of the key. 
         [0091]    In some embodiments, users can scan a key on their smartphone or tablet computer. Furthermore, in some embodiments, an application can be downloaded to assist users in capturing quality images of their key. From a mobile application or website platform, users can also request a duplicate of their scanned key be sent via mail to an address of their choosing, in some embodiments. 
         [0092]    In some embodiments, a user can also authorize others to access their key information using the mobile application or website platform. Authorized recipients can use the digital key information to request a physical copy via mail order, create a physical copy at a kiosk, or make a physical copy with any suitable key duplication hardware. For example, in some embodiments, when a user is locked out, that person can retrieve his/her key type and bitting code information from the mobile application or website platform, enabling any operator of a suitable key duplication machine to create a copy without the physical presence of the original. 
         [0093]    In some embodiments, a user can retrieve his/her key type and bitting code information from the mobile application or website platform, and order a duplicate key to be delivered to the user based on location information provided to the mobile application or website platform. For example, the location information can be provided using a mobile phone equipped with a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver. As another example, a user can specify coordinates where the duplicate key is to be delivered. As yet another example, a user can specify an address where the duplicate key is to be delivered. The order for the duplicate key ordered by the user can be received by a key duplicating service. The key duplicating service can then use the key type and bitting information to create a duplicate key and can deliver the duplicate key to the user at the specified location. Additionally, the user can use the application or website platform to pay for the duplication and delivery of the duplicate key to their location. 
         [0094]    In some embodiments, any suitable computer readable media can be used for storing instructions for performing the processes described herein. For example, in some embodiments, computer readable media can be transitory or non-transitory. For example, non-transitory computer readable media can include media such as magnetic media (such as hard disks, floppy disks, etc.), optical media (such as compact discs, digital video discs, BLU-RAY discs, etc.), semiconductor media (such as flash memory, electrically programmable read only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read only memory (EEPROM), etc.), any suitable media that is not fleeting or devoid of any semblance of permanence during transmission, and/or any suitable tangible media. As another example, transitory computer readable media can include signals on networks, in wires, conductors, optical fibers, circuits, any suitable media that is fleeting and devoid, of any semblance of permanence during transmission, and/or any suitable intangible media. 
         [0095]    Although the invention has been described and illustrated in the foregoing illustrative embodiments, it is understood that the present disclosure has been made only by way of example, and that numerous changes in the details of implementation of the invention can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is limited only by the claims that follow. Features of the disclosed embodiments can be combined and rearranged in various ways.