Abstract:
A portable material pulverizer using chain links as flails to break up rock samples contained within the housing of the pulverizer is adapted to be fitted onto the frame and motor apparatus of a conventional chain saw or other hand carried drive structure, that drives the flails to crush and pulverize the materials placed in the housing.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The present invention pertains to crushers for rock and other materials and particularly to portable crushers that will effectively pulverize materials placed thereon. 
     2. Prior Art 
     A wide variety of crushers have been proposed in the past. Many of these crushers have special applications in the mining industry. Generally the devices are physically large and quite expensive and it is usually necessary to bring rock to be crushed to the machine. 
     Field geologists frequently need to have even small rock samples analyzed so they often send such samples to a laboratory capable of making such anaylsis. The rock must be crushed to be properly analyzed and the laboratory generally charges an extra fee if the crushing is accomplished at the laboratory. Also, shipping charges can be reduced if the rock is pulverized before shipping. Consequently it is desirable that the field geologist have access to a rock crusher in the field so that rock to be analyzed can be immediately crushed. This, then may result in significant cost savings to the geologist. 
     Others also have need for crushers and pulverizers that are adaptable to either large scale or smaller portable sizing. For example there is a continuing need throughout the world for such devices to crush grains. 
     A number of crushers proposed in the past have used motor driven rotors with swinging hammers inside housing to break up and crush rock placed in the housing. Such crushers are shown, for example, in U.S Pat. Nos. 1,013,527, 1,424,922, 1,490,368, 1,666,124, 1,721,821, 1,733,637 and 2,169,684. The crushers shown in the foregoing patents disclose the use of a variety of swinging elements. Other arrangements of flail type swing elements and means for attaching them to rotors or drums are shown in U.S. Pat. Nos. 1,687,093, 2,573,227 and 3,608,842 and U.S. Pat. Nos., 4,172,481 and 4,222,418 show lengths of chain used as flails mounted to rotatable drums. 
     U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,783,794 and 4,227,840 teach the use of a Chain Saw Frame and Drive Assembly to support and drive rotatable tools for drilling and U.S Pat. No. 2,821,216 teaches chain flails attached to a chain saw blade for use in clearing vegetation. The present invention comprises a crusher or pulverizer that may be attached to a conventional chain saw and frame and that uses the motor and drive apparatus of the chain saw to drive the unit as a crusher or pulverizer. The device is simple to handle and provides an inexpensive, hand held, portable material crusher that is readily available to geologists and others in need of such equipment. It has also been found that the apparatus of the invention can be readily constructed in diverse sizes to handle desired volumes of material and that a wide variety of materials can be crushed or pulverized. Thus, while the present invention is ideally suited for use as a relatively small unit, that can be attached to a power unit, such as a drive unit of a chain saw it can also be made larger and having its own power unit. 
     To the best of my knowledge, however, there has not heretofore been known an inexpensive, easily used and repaired crusher that is readily adaptable for use on a larger scale and capable of handling a large range of materials while still being adapted for use with a hand held drive unit. Neither has heretofore been a unit incorporating a wind tunnel through which crushed material is moved over a sizing screen through which material crushed to size will pass. 
     OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION 
     A principal object of the present invention is to provide a portable material crusher. 
     Another object of the present invention is to provide a portable material crusher that is light in weight. 
     Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a portable material crusher that is easy to handle and operate. 
     Still another object of the present invention is to provide a portable material crusher that is inexpensive. 
     Other objects are to provide a material crusher that will fully pulverize materials such as rock, metal, glass, grain, etc. placed therein; that includes easily replaced crushing components; that is adaptable to use with hand carried motor drives and frame assemblies such as are common to hand held chain saws; and that will effectively screen out materials crushed to desired size. 
     PRINCIPAL FEATURES OF THE INVENTION 
     Principal features of the present invention include a housing containing a pulley-wheel driven rotor having attached links of chain that are aligned to impact upon pieces of rock or other material fed into the housing. The pulley-wheel is driven and the entire invention may be adapted to fit on a conventional chain saw frame so that the links are driven by the chain saw drive unit. The cutting chain and chain guide are removed from a chain saw frame when the chain saw drive unit is used and are replaced with the pulverizer of the present invention. 
     Other objects and features of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description and drawing disclosing what is presently contemplated as being the best mode of the invention. 
    
    
     THE DRAWINGS 
     In the Drawings: 
     FIG. 1 is a side elevation view of a pulverizer on the invention, attached to a chain saw drive unit; 
     FIG. 2, a vertical section taken on the line 2--2 of FIG. 1; 
     FIG. 3, a plan view looking into one piece of the housing of the pulverizer; 
     FIG. 4, a view like that of FIG. 3, but looking into the other piece of the housing of the pulverizer; 
     FIG. 5, a side elevation view of the pulverizer of the invention and including a wind tunnel classification system; 
     FIG. 6, a view like that of FIG. 5, but with the housing cover partially broken away and the wind tunnel shown in section; and 
     FIG. 7, a vertical section taken on the line 1-4 of FIG. 6. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Referring now to the drawing: 
     In the illustrated preferred embodiment of FIG. 1-3 the material pulverizer of the invention is shown generally at 10. As shown in FIG. 1, the pulverizer 10 is attached to a conventional chain saw assembly 11 having a frame 12 and motor and drive assembly 12a. The usual cutting chain and chain guide have been removed and replaced with the pulverizer 10 attached by bolts 10a inserted through a bracket 10b of the pulverizer to frame 12a so that the pulverizer will be driven by a belt 13, as will be further explained. 
     The crusher 10 includes a drive pulley wheel 14 mounted on a shaft 14a that is journaled through bearings 15, at opposite sides of a mounting block 15a in a wall of a housing 16 made up an interconnected first hanging part 16a and a second housing part 16b having a crushing chamber 16c formed therebetween. A rotor 17 is connected to the other end of the shaft 14a in the housing by welding or in any other suitable conventional manner. 
     Rotor 17 is notched at 17a at one side and has an enlarged outerface 17b to accommodate bolts 18 and 18a that are used to secure chain links 19 and 19a. Link 19 is held by bolt 18 and 18a and its associated nut associated during turning of rotor 17 and link 19a is held by bolt 18a and its associated nut. Links 20 and 20a are coupled to links 19 and 19a, respectively, and serve as flails during turning of rotor 17 to pulverize any material within the housing The belt 13 is passed around a drive spocket of the chamber and around pulley 14 to drive the rotor. 
     When the chain saw is operated centrifugal force swings the links 20 and 20a out to continuously impact upon rock fed into the crushing chamber 16c through a chute 22 extending upwardly from housing part 16a. 
     The housing parts 16a and 16b are held together by a conventional lamp assembly In the embodiment shown an over-center clamp 23 includes a pivot bar 23a and spaced brackets 23b and 23c on housing art 16a and pivotally connected links 24 and 24b. Link 24 is also pivotally connected to pivot bar 23. The brackets 23b and 23c  guide the pivot connection between links as handle 25 is depressed to catch a hook on link 24a with a lip 26a on an ear 26, fixed to the top of housing part 16b. Other conventional latches could as well be used. 
     In the embodiment of FIG. 1-4 links 19, 19a, 20 and 20a are conventional chain links. The components are thus inexpensive and replacement parts are readily available. In addition, the bolts 18 and 18a and their associated nuts are also easily replaced and are readily available commercially. Consequently, the major wear components are readily repaired or replaced, without need for expensive servicing. 
     In the embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 5-7, the material pulverizer of the invention is shown generally at 30, adapted to be connected to a chain saw frame and to be driven by a chain saw drive assembly in the same manner previously described with reference to the embodiment of FIG. 1-4. 
     In this embodiment the pulverizer includes a first housing part 31 with an attached bracket 31a to which a chain saw frame is to be bolted and a cover plate 32 that closes the housing part 31 for form a crushing chamber 31a. Bolts 33 are inserted through matching ears 34 and 35 projecting from the housing part 31 and cover plate 32, respectively, and nuts 38 are threaded thereon. 
     A pulley 39 is fixed to a rotor shaft 40 by a nut 40a threaded onto the end of the shaft outside housing part 31 and the shaft extends through bearings 41 and 42 and a boss 43 into the housing part. A rotor 44 is fixed to the other end of rotor shaft 40, inside the housing part 31 and ears 45 and 46 project from opposite sides of the rotor. 
     A bolt 47 passes through a chain link 48 and is threaded into each ear 45 and 46 and a similar chain link 49 is connected to each link 48 so that the links 48 and 49 serve as flails, as will be further explained. 
     A chute 50 extends upwardly and outwardly from the periphery of the housing part 31 and opens tangentially into the crushing chamber 31a so that material to be crushed and pulverized can be fed therethrough into the crushing chamber. 
     One end of wind tunnel 51 opens into the chute 50 near the connection of the chute with the housing part 31. The wind tunnel then extends downwardly and outwardly therefrom and then back to connect with the housing part 31 and to open tangentially into the crushing chamber 31a. An opening 52 is provided in the wind tunnel 51 at a bottom thereof, rear the location at which the tunnel connects to the housing part 31, and the opening is covered by a screen 53. 
     As in the previously described embodiment when the pulverizer 30 is attached to a power unit, such as the frame and drive assembly of a chain saw, pulley 30 is turned. This turns rotor 44 and the chain links become flails- within the crushing chamber. The flails rotate in a counter-clockwise direction as viewed in FIG. 6 and as they turn they create a wind pressure in the chamber. Some of the wind thus created, together with material fines through the tunnel from the top thereof. As the fines move across screen 53 they fall therethrough to be collected in a receiving vessel, not shown. 
     Vibrations set up in the housing by engagement of the chain links with material being crushed helps to vibrate fines through the screen 53. 
     The size of mesh openings in the screen 53 will determine the maximum size of the particle and it will be apparent that a series of screens of different mesh size can be placed along the tunnel to obtain classification of particles, if desired. 
     While not always necessary, or desired, one or more openings 55 may be provided through an upper wall of the tunnel, above the area of screen 53 or any other screen provided. The opening(s) 55 may also be provided with closure means to vary the opening sizes. If used, the opening(s) 55 permit ambient air to be introduced at the screens, thus somewhat reducing the velocity of wind flow over the screens and enhancing fall out of particles into and through the screens. 
     The pulverizers or crushers described are adaptable to use in the grinding of diverse materials. They have been found very suitable in the reduction of rock, glass, grains, aluminum cans and other materials. 
     Although a preferred form of my invention has been herein disclosed, it is to be understood that the present disclosure is by way of example and that variations are possible without departing from the subject matter coming within the scope of the following claims, which subject matter I regard as my invention.