Abstract:
A method for transmitting a data signal where the data signal includes a preamble portion preceding a payload portion that reduces harmonic spikes is presented. The method reduces the transmission power for portions of bursty data signal that contain highly correlated or repetitive preamble sequences relative to the transmission power that contain non-highly correlated or repetitive payload sequences. The resultant average output power of the preamble sequences is approximately equal to the average output power of the payload sequences.

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS  
       [0001]    The present application is related to commonly assigned U.S. Pat. No. 6,016,313 entitled “System and Method for broadband millimeter wave data communication” issued Jan. 18, 2000 and currently undergoing two re-examinations under application Ser. No. 90/005,726 and application Ser. No. 90/005,974 which are hereby incorporated herein by reference. 
     
    
     
       BACKGROUND OF INVENTION  
         [0002]    The use of highly correlated or repetitive preamble sequences is important for rapid carrier recovery, symbol timing recovery and equalization in burst mode modems. Unfortunately correlated or repetitive preamble sequences can produce undesirable spectral components at discrete locations that can exceed allowable spectral masks, which are based on the expectations of randomized sequences and averaged power level for the payload.  
           [0003]    Some art solutions have been directed towards random preambles, phase map recovery processes, reducing preamble length much less that payload length and reducing output power.  
           [0004]    Random preambles require increasing the length of the preamble. Furthermore symbol timing is not as robust thus symbol timing recovery takes longer.  
           [0005]    A prior art method relies on quadrate mode slicing of a multilevel QAM constellation for carrier recovery process during the preamble, which requires only that symbols be located along the diagonal axis of the QAM constellation for proper carrier recovery. Quadrant mode slicing measures phase of the received signal relative to the diagonal of 4 quadrants and assumes received signal should be on the closest diagonal. Quadrant slicing partitions the constellation into 4 quadrants and if the received signal lands in a quadrant, the system assumes it in on the diagonal for that quadrant. This method disregards amplitude information from the signal.  
           [0006]    Another method phase map slicing, requires symbols to be located at a valid constellation point. In phase map slicing the system determines which constellation point a received signal is closest to by comparing phase and amplitude of the received signal with the phase and amplitude of the constellation points. With phase map recovery processes, the preamble is restricted to valid symbol and the signal could still exceed the spectral mask.  
           [0007]    Although lowering the output power of the entire signal can maintain the spikes below the spectral mask, it is an inefficient use of power spectrum capability.  
           [0008]    Therefore, there is a need for a method of reducing spikes due to harmonics of preamble spikes while retaining the ability for rapid carrier recovery, symbol timing recovery and equalization in burst mode modems.  
           [0009]    An object of the present invention is an improvement of a method in a communication system for transmitting a data signal. The data signal includes a preamble portion preceding a payload portion. The improvement involving decreasing the output power of the transmitter when transmitting the preamble portion.  
           [0010]    Another object of the present invention is an improvement of a method in a communication system for transmitting highly correlated or repetitive symbols and not highly correlated symbols in an average power-limited environment. The improvement involving decreasing the output power of the transmitter when transmitting the highly correlated symbols relative to the output power of the transmitter when transmitting the non-highly correlated symbols.  
           [0011]    Yet another object of the present invention is an improvement of a method for reducing out-of-bandwidth harmonic spikes during transmission caused by a sequence of highly correlated symbols common in a preamble portion of bursty type data. The improvement involving transmitting the highly correlated symbols at a lower transmitter power than when transmitting non-highly correlated symbols common in a payload portion of bursty type data.  
           [0012]    Still another object of the present invention is an improvement for a method of transmitting frames of data, where the frames of data include a preamble and payload portion. The improvement involving ensuring the average power of the transmitted signal representing the preamble is less than or equal to the average power of the transmitted signal representing the payload portion.  
           [0013]    These and many other objects and advantages of the present invention will be readily apparent to one skilled in the art to which the invention pertains from a perusal of the claims, the appended drawings, and the following detailed description.  
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0014]    [0014]FIG. 1 is a graph of signal power and spectral mask in the frequency domain.  
         [0015]    [0015]FIGS. 2A and 2B are graphs of signal amplitude for the payload and preamble portions in the time domain.  
         [0016]    [0016]FIG. 3 is a representation of a QAM constellation with average signal power rings.  
         [0017]    [0017]FIG. 4 is a graphical representation of peak signal amplitude for the payload and preamble portions in the time domain according to the present invention. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION  
       [0018]    Data signals used in bursty type data transmission commonly contain a preamble portion and a payload portion. The preamble portion commonly contains sequences of highly correlated and or repetitive symbols. Preamble sequences, especially when transmitted in short bursts, introduce harmonic spikes into the signal, which often exceed the allowable spectral power constraints.  
         [0019]    [0019]FIG. 1 shows a representation of the power of a bursty data signal  100  in the frequency domain. A spectral mask  110  defines the permissible signal power for a range of frequencies. The maximum signal power allowed is centered on the center frequency, and spans the channel bandwidth  120  before tapering off on both sides of the channel bandwidth  120 . The data signal  100  contains spikes  105  that exceed the spectral mask  110  and thus the permissible limits. These spikes are predominately caused by the harmonics of the preamble portion of the data signal.  
         [0020]    [0020]FIG. 2A is a graphical representation of the amplitude of the symbol stream  200  of the preamble portion  201  of the data signal with respect to time. Because the length of the block of preamble symbols is short and generally restricted to 4 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM), the preamble symbol stream  200  acts similar to a sine wave. Thus modeling the preamble symbol stream  200  as a sine wave, the preamble portion of the signal has an average amplitude of 0.707 of the peak amplitude and peak power to average power (P pk /P avg ) approximately equal to 3 dB.  
         [0021]    [0021]FIG. 2B is a graphical representation of the amplitude of the symbol stream  202  of the payload portion  203  of the data signal with respect to time. As seen from FIG. 2A the payload portion of the signal appears random. This randomness is common in payload portions for several reasons. First, the symbols in the payload portion represent the useful data in the data signal as such variation between successive symbols in likely. Also the payload section in order to contain as much information as possible can have higher signal densities or (QAM) levels higher than the 4 QAM typical of preamble portions. The length of the block of data symbols transmitted by the payload portion is also much longer than those of the preamble. Thus, the data symbol stream  202  of the payload portion  203  acts more random than does the preamble section. The result of the random nature, the payload portion  203  has a peak power to average power (P pk /P avg ) approximately equal to 12 dB.  
         [0022]    A representation of the QAM constellation is shown in FIG. 3. The valid payload data symbols  302  are shown as points. As discussed previously the payload data is not limited in QAM level. The valid preamble data symbols  300  are shown as squares, again the preamble is generally limited to 4 QAM. The preamble symbol average output power band is shown as circle  304  while the payload symbol average output power P avg/payload  band is shown as circle  305 . From FIG. 3 it is clear that P avg/preamble  is much greater than P avg/payload .  
         [0023]    Given this disparity in relative average power, it is possible to reduce P avg/preamble  down to or below P avg/payload  by reducing the power at which the preamble symbol stream is transmitted relative to the power at which reducing the power at which the preamble symbol stream is transmitted relative to the power at which transmits at the payload symbol stream. As a result the peak amplitude of the preamble symbol stream is reduced. The reduction of the preamble peak amplitude can reduce the magnitude of the harmonic spikes  105  to below the spectral power mask  110 .  
         [0024]    A signal transmitted with a reduced power setting for the preamble portion compared to the payload portion is shown in FIG. 4. The signal&#39;s  400  transmit power and correspondingly its amplitude is increased the ramp up portion  411  until it reaches the transmit power and maximum amplitude of the preamble portion  401 . The signal&#39;s  400  transmit power is again increased up to the transmit power and maximum amplitude of the payload portion  403 . The transmit power is then ramped down  412  after transmission of the payload portion. In contrast the signal  400   a  is shown where the transmit power is not reduced for the preamble portion  401 .  
         [0025]    The transmit power of the preamble is preferably reduced such P avg/preamble  is approximately equal to P avg/payload . The desired bandwidth of the preamble output power band (i.e. the diameter of the power band  304  shown in FIG. 3), and thus the preamble transmit power setting, is determine from several factors, most dealing with the determination of P avg/preamble . Among these factors are spectral mask type, bandwidth and filter for spectral mask, payload length relative to preamble length, modulation index, desired c/n in control channel and preamble pattern.  
         [0026]    The characteristics of the spectral mask are necessarily a component in determining the desired preamble power bandwidth in that reducing the transmit power of the preamble is done to prevent the harmonic spike from exceeding the mask. The greater the relative length of the payload portion to the preamble portion allows the desired preamble power bandwidth to increase as does a more random preamble pattern. The modulation index of the payload portion has an inverse effect, the higher the modulation index of the payload portion compared to the preamble portion, the narrower the desired preamble power band becomes.  
         [0027]    All of some of these factors and other may be evaluated prior to transmission of the signal in order to determine the desired preamble power bandwidth, the estimated P pk /P avg  and thus the desired transmit power reduction for the preamble portion of the signal.  
         [0028]    Transmit preamble power control as describe above can be advantageously used in communication system employing bursty type data messages, such as Time Division Duplex (TDD) and Adaptive Time Division Duplex ATDD.  
         [0029]    The previous description of the preferred embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. The various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. The present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.