Abstract:
A control device for marine animals comprises an electrical device that applies an electrical voltage directly to a marine animal in order to shock the marine animal, for control thereof. The device preferably comprises a pole or rod having electrical prongs at one end which my be applied to the marine animal, thereby applying and electrical signal having a voltage, amperage and frequency that stuns and/or shocks the animal. The character of the electrical signal is such that the animal is temporarily paralyzed, so that it may be safely handled by humans for bringing it into a watercraft without otherwise damaging the animal.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
       [0001]     1. Field of the Invention  
         [0002]     The present invention relates to an electrical control device for marine animals. More specifically, the present invention comprises an electrical device, which applies an electrical voltage directly to a marine animal in order to shock the marine animal, for control thereof. The device preferably comprises a pole having electrical contacts at one end which my be applied to the marine animal, thereby applying and electrical signal having a voltage, amperage and frequency that stuns and/or shocks the animal. The character of the electrical signal is such that the animal is temporarily paralyzed, so that it may be safely handled by humans for bringing it into a watercraft without otherwise damaging the animal.  
         [0003]     2. Description of the Prior Art  
         [0004]     Fishing is a popular pastime. However, when attempting to land a large fish, additional equipment may be required to enable the angler to safely bring the fish into the boat or onto the bank or fishing platform. In the prior art the means most commonly used to bring a large fish into a boat is a gaff. A gaff consists of a handle having a “U” shaped member at one end. The end of the “U” shaped member is sharply pointed. Nets and gaffs are generally known in the prior art as means of controlling marine animals, and more specifically fish, for bringing them onboard watercraft during fishing operations. When using a gaff, the person assisting the fisherman must carefully place the point of the gaff into the fish at a location that will support the weight of the fish when lifted out of the water. Sufficient penetration of the point is also required. However, when a fish is gaffed it is typically seriously injured and should not be returned to the water.  
         [0005]     Some common gaffs include: short, singled handed gaffs which consist of a small gaff hook and a short handle for single handed operation; two handed gaffs having a slightly larger head and a handle length between 3 and 5 feet; IGFA models for sport and game anglers subject to stringent IGFA regulations as to the overall size, weight and handle length of all gaffs and landing devices; extension handled models which are used with some very large and toothy fish wherein gaffs with extension handles are required to ensure that the catch does not get away, but not subject the angler to additional risk; rope or cliff gaffs for anglers fishing from high jetties, wharves and rock platforms or with tide movements of more than 8 meters, wherein the gaffs resemble a grapnel with a length of strong line to gaff to land very large fish from high vantage points; flying head gaffs that are specifically designed to assist in the landing of large sharks, wherein the head of the gaff is designed to come away from the handle, leaving a rope to be held by hand or secured via a cleat; and commercial tuna poles which are usually a long handled gaff, with a very strong, but flexible handle having greater strength than traditional aluminum or steel gaff handles.  
         [0006]     Gaffing is one of the most important jobs in sport fishing, a task not to be taken lightly. For example, when standing by to gaff a record fish, or a winning fish in a competition or the catch of a lifetime, it is critical to prevent damage to the animal. Successful gaffing requires a strategy—The main objective is to control the fish, keeping it from thrashing wildly or spinning off the gaff and possibly injuring someone or damaging equipment. Preserving the quality of the fish&#39;s meat is equally important, since bad gaff placement can damage the flesh. There may be times when a quick gaff shot is necessary, such as when the fish is barely hooked, but even then it&#39;s best to take a bit of extra time to ensure the job is done correctly.  
         [0007]     Typically, the gaff is set in the head, and the fish is quickly lifted straight into the boat. However, if intending to catch and return the fish, this method of gaffing is not desirable as it will cause injury to the fish. It is also difficult to gaff a fish if it&#39;s poorly hooked or if the fish is violently thrashing, creating the danger of the fish breaking off. Thus, in most cases it is necessary to tire the fish out before bringing it to the boat. This requires waiting until the fish has made a few more runs or dives and wears itself down to ensure that it will put up less of a struggle on the gaff.  
         [0008]     Recently, “Catch and Release” of fish has been advocated because it ensures the future of angling, by returning the catch alive. If the goal is to return the fish alive it is best not to bring it into the boat and risk injury to the fish. However if photographs and estimated weight are required, then gaffing is required and becomes rather a delicate procedure requiring skill and patience. It also requires good placement of the gaff to avoid injury to the fish. Prior art devices for gaffing of a large fish in heavy or even rolling seas can easily injure a fish, so that it will not survive if later released. Even when the fish is not to be released, it is desirable to cause as little physical injury to the fish when gaffed.  
         [0009]     Since gaffing a large fish is not intended to kill the fish, the fish continues to thrash about after being gaffed. Often, the thrashing by the fish and/or an insecure gaffing can cause the fish to fall off the gaff back into the water. This can and sometimes causes the fishing line to break, thus losing the fish after finally finding, hooking, and reeling the fish alongside of the boat.  
         [0010]     Once a large fish is “safely” brought up out of the water and into a boat, other problems arise. Since the fish is alive and large, its natural survival instincts are to continue to thrash about which sometimes causes the fish to jump out of the boat back into the water. The thrashing fish can also be a danger to the people within the boat. It can cause chaos resulting in one or more of the fisherman being thrown overboard; it can cause physical injuries due to sharp teeth, sharp fins, sharp gills, and sharp scales. Obviously, a more satisfactory apparatus for controlling the fish would be beneficial.  
         [0011]     Other means of controlling fish include self defense weapons such as shark darts having CO2 charged pointed spears. These spears piece the shark&#39;s skin and then explosively release CO2 gas inside the shark skin blowing them apart. Great amounts of blood are released into the water by this method. Thus, whether the shark lives or dies, the blood attracts other sharks and increases the peril to the diver. Bangsticks are touch sensitive shotgun shells mounted on sticks. Hitting a shark detonates the charge and repels the shark. However, the same problem of blood in the water results from this method. Further dangers from explosive tip devices exist due to accidental discharge. A bangstick doesn&#39;t know if it is a shark or your foot that has detonated it. Diving often involves climbing around rocking boats full of gear on the decks. Touch sensitive explosives are very hazardous for divers in these conditions.  
         [0012]     In the prior art there exist a number of fishing lures, electric missile weapons, and repelling devices which rely on electric shock to control, immobilize or repel a fish. The electrical stimulus affects an animal&#39;s nervous system to the extent of chasing the animal away or killing it. Between these limits depending upon the make-up of the animal&#39;s nervous system, the amount of the electrical shock, and the point of contact any number of varying results can occur. Very brief reversible immobilization can occur, lengthy immobilization which may or may not be reversible can occur, or permanent non-reversible immobilization can occur. Similar devices used on land include cattle prods, dog training devices and human crowd control tazers. These devices are designed for mammals that are sensitive to high voltages such as 40,000 volts with low amperages in the milliamp range.  
         [0013]     For example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,667,431 to Mendicino discloses a shark prod. A waterproof casing electrically insulates an electric power supply and circuitry to permit underwater operation of a fish repelling electrical prod. The prod includes a switching device telescopically mounted inside a tube with sliding, waterproof seals whereby upon impact with a fish, a pair of electrically conductive prongs are energized thus repelling the fish. This invention serves to debilitate a shark by two methods. The first is to surprise the shark and make him dart away. The second is to actually incapacitate the shark by numbing all of his electrical sensors. The shock stuns the ampulla of Lorenzini organs and overcharges the body&#39;s overall tolerance to electricity. Thus, this invention uses a high amperage, low voltage charge to debilitate a shark.  
         [0014]     U.S. Pat. No. 5,732,501 to Ausburn discloses a gaff for electrically incapacitating fish. The gaff includes a handle and a hook. In a flying gaff, the hook is separable from the handle. In two embodiments, the gaff utilizes a piezoelectric sensor which when flexed by the weight of the fish produces a signal which activates a circuit which produces a stunning voltage across electrodes attached to the hook.  
         [0015]     Another method of controlling fish is called electrofishing. In electrofishing, an electric current is passed through the water. Direct current electroshockers are used to cause the fish to swim towards the anode, and when the fish gets close, causes narcosis (a state of arrested activity induced by the use of electrical stimulation). It is usually done on foot with a backpack, portable shocker device or from a specially modified boat. For streams, side-channels, and shallow margins of a river, a portable backpack is used. The equipment for electrofishing includes a portable backpack, power supply, voltage and current regulator, cathode, anode, dip net, and bucket. The crew consists of at least two people, one person is the operator, while another person carries a dip net and a bucket to collect the fish once they have been stunned.  
         [0016]     Electrofishing is dependent on certain parameters of the applied electric field including the conductivity/salinity of water, temperature, the material of the electrodes, and the source of electrical power. Other relevant factors include the depth of the water, and the size and type of fish to be stunned. Research has shown that direct current and impulse current are most effective. Direct current was most effective, but is primarily limited to use in low-conductivity freshwater. For salty water, DC devices would require the use of a large power supply. Thus, electrofishing is limited to use in catching fish for reproduction in streams, rivers, fisheries or shallow lithorial areas. Thus, it would be preferable to have a device for controlling fish that is not limited to shallow and/or fresh water usage.  
         [0017]     Thus, the major problem with gaffs of the prior art is that they do not sufficiently control the fish in a manner to prevent damage and injury to the fish. Gaffs also do not provide a secure way of handling live fish, which is still in motion and which may be unintentionally released back into the water. Furthermore, when handling a live fish with a conventional gaff, the gaff handlers are also subjected to possible injury from the fish.  
         [0018]     Another major problem with prior art fish control devices, including bang sticks and shark prods, is that they also cause damage to the fish. Furthermore, these devices can cause the fish to bleed, which may attract predators, thereby risking further injury to the fish. Furthermore, these shock or explosive devices may cause injury or death to the fisherman handling these devices.  
         [0019]     Another major problem with prior art fish control devices, such as electrofishing gear, is that these devices are limited to shallow, fresh water use. Electrofishing is further limited to use with smaller fish. Furthermore, electrofishing gear typically requires at least two people working in conjunction to shock the fish and to catch or net the fish.  
         [0020]     Thus, there exists a need for a device and method for controlling fish without risk of injury to the fish or fisherman. The current invention discloses such a device and method for its use.  
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
       [0021]     According to the present invention, there is provided an electrical control device for incapacitating fish in order to bring the fish aboard a watercraft. The disclosed invention comprises a power supply and electrical circuitry for generating an electrical signal capable of temporarily or permanently disabling a fish for safe handling. The electrical circuitry is optionally able to modify the frequency, voltage, amperage and pulse width of the electrical signal to optimize the effect upon the fish to be controlled  
         [0022]     The electrical control device is preferably mounted in a rod which has anode and cathode prongs thereon for delivery of the electrical impulse directly to the flesh of the fish. Furthermore, in preferred embodiment of the invention the prongs are contained within a retractable sheath. The sheath retracts in response to pressing the sheath against a surface, only exposing the prongs when necessary, to prevent inadvertent injury and to prevent overload of the device. Furthermore, the device may include a power switch on the handle of the rod, and/or a power switch activated by retraction of the prong sheath.  
         [0023]     It is therefor an object of the present invention to provide an electrical control device for incapacitating or immobilizing fish to ease in the handling thereof.  
         [0024]     It is another object of the present invention to provide a device of the character described wherein the device controls the fish in a manner to prevent damage and injury to the fish.  
         [0025]     It is another object of the present invention to provide a device of the character described wherein the device provides a secure way of handling live fish, which is still in motion.  
         [0026]     It is another object of the present invention to provide a device of the character described wherein the device allows for control of the fish while preventing unintentional release of the fish back into the water.  
         [0027]     It is another object of the present invention to provide a device of the character described wherein the device does not subject the fish handler possible injury from the fish.  
         [0028]     It is another object of the present invention to provide a device of the character described wherein the device does not cause the fish to bleed, which may attract predators, thereby risking further injury to the fish.  
         [0029]     It is another object of the present invention to provide a device of the character described wherein the device minimizes the risk of injury or death to the fisherman handling the devices.  
         [0030]     It is another object of the present invention to provide a device of the character described wherein the device is not limited to shallow, fresh water use.  
         [0031]     It is another object of the present invention to provide a device of the character described wherein the device is not limited to use with smaller fish.  
         [0032]     It is another object of the present invention to provide a device of the character described wherein the device may be activated and controlled by one person.  
     
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0033]     The above and other objects and advantages of the present invention will be apparent upon consideration of the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with accompanying drawings, in which like reference characters refer to like parts throughout, and in which:  
         [0034]      FIG. 1  is a perspective view of an electrical fish control device of the present invention;  
         [0035]      FIG. 2  is an elevation view of the distal end of the electrical fish control device showing the prongs and retractable sheath in the closed position;  
         [0036]      FIG. 3  is an elevation view of the distal end of the electrical fish control device in  FIG. 2  showing the prongs and retractable sheath in the retracted position;  
         [0037]      FIG. 4  plan view of the distal end of the electrical fish control device in  FIG. 2  showing the prongs and retractable sheath;  
         [0038]      FIG. 5  is block diagram showing the components of an exemplary circuit for use in the present invention  
         [0039]      FIG. 6  an electrical schematic of a simple exemplary circuit for use in the present invention;  
         [0040]      FIG. 7  is an electrical schematic of an alternate exemplary circuit for use in the present invention;  
         [0041]      FIG. 8  is an electrical schematic of another alternate exemplary circuit for use in the present invention; and  
         [0042]      FIG. 9  is an electrical schematic of yet another alternate exemplary circuit for use in the present invention.  
     
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT  
       [0043]     The present invention provides an electrical control device for temporarily or permanently incapacitating fish. The electrical control device is preferably embodied in a rod or pole, within which electrical control components are mounted for delivery of the incapacitating electrical signal.  
         [0044]     Referring to  FIG. 1 :  FIG. 1  schematically illustrates one embodiment of the electrical control device  1 . In this embodiment the control device  1  comprises a rod  10  having a proximal handle portion  11  and a distal portion  12 . A pair of electrical contacts comprising and anode prong  17  and a cathode prong  18 , are insulatingly mounted onto distal portion  12  for delivery of the electrical impulse directly to the flesh of the fish. A power source  14  which may, for example, comprise one or more 9-volt batteries is connected via wires  13  to an electrical circuit  15 , both of which are preferably but not necessarily mounted within the handle portion  11 . The voltage source  14  may be as low as 3 volts or as high as 15 volts and my comprise a DC or rectified AC source. Conducting wires  16  are used to connect the electrical circuit  15  to anode prong  17  and cathode prong  18 .  
         [0045]     More specifically, the rod  10  preferably comprises a hollow cylindrical tube. The material of construction of the rod  10  preferably comprises a lightweight, durable material such as plastic or fiberglass and may have a diameter ranging from ½ to several inches and more preferably 1 to 2 inches. The rod  10  is preferably hollow in order to accommodate electrical and other mechanical components of the device  1  therein. These components include as a minimum, electrical wiring  13 ,  16  connected between the power supply  14  and the anode and cathode prongs  17 ,  18 . Additional components that may be included within the hollow tube include batteries for use as the power source  14 , as well as the electrical circuit  15  for modifying the signal from the power source  14 . Furthermore, wiring between one or more switches  50 ,  60  (described herein below) may be mounted on the proximal  11  or distal  12  portions of the rod  10  between the power supply  14 , electrical circuit  15  and/or anode and cathode prongs  17 ,  18 . The cylindrical tube  10  preferably also contains buoyant material  29 , such as foam plastic therein in order to provide floatation to the control device  1  should it fall into the water. Most preferably, the rod  10  is lightweight, moisture impermeable/waterproof, and buoyant in order to accommodate its use in and around water. Buoyant materials of construction prevent the device  1  from sinking in water if it is inadvertently dropped in water, and to aid in retrieval of the device  1 . The device  1  is also water proof to prevent the electrical circuitry  15  and other electrical components  14 ,  13 ,  16  from getting damaged and short-circuiting the device  1 .  
         [0046]     The proximal end  11  of the rod  10  comprises the handle portion  11  that may have a non-skid gripping material such as rubber, and may further comprise recessed grooves to conform to the gripping thereof with the fingers. The distal end  12  of the rod  10  is where the anode prong  17  and cathode prong  18  are mounted. More specifically, the distal end  12  of the rod  10  is preferably closed in order to be watertight so that water does not enter the interior of the rod  10 . The prongs  17 ,  18  extend through the closed distal end  12  of the rod  10  so that a portion of the prongs  17 ,  18  are exterior to the distal end  12  of the rod  10  and are connected within the watertight portion of the rod  10  with wires  13 ,  16  to the power source  14  and/or electrical circuit  15 . The prongs  17 ,  18  may be 1/32 inch to ⅛ inch in diameter and preferably extend past the distal end  12  from ⅛ inch to 2 inches, and most preferably ½ inch in order to provide sufficient exposure to establish and maintain contact with the fish to be disabled.  
         [0047]     Referring to  FIG. 2 - 3 : In the preferred embodiment of the invention the prongs  17 ,  18  are contained within a retractable sheath  30  having proximal  32  and distal ends  31 . The sheath  30  retracts in response to pressing the distal end  31  of the sheath  30  against a surface, such as the flesh of the fish, only exposing the prongs  17 ,  18  when desired. Keeping the prongs  17 ,  18  enclosed within the sheath  30  serves to prevent inadvertent contact with the prongs  17 ,  18  and concomitant injury to persons and/or overload of the device.  
         [0048]     The sheath  30  comprises a hollow tubular member which fits on and is retractably retained on the distal end  12  of the rod  10 . The material of construction of the sheath  30  is preferably similar to that of the material of the rod  10 , that is a lightweight, durable, insulating material such as plastic or fiberglass. To facilitate retractable retention of the sheath  30  on the rod  10 , the distal end  12  of the rod  10  has a recess  40  therein forming a lip  41  between the end of the recess  40  adjacent the distal end  12  of the rod, and a stop  42  at the end of the recess closer to the proximal end  11  of the rod. The recess  40  is an area of the distal end  12  of the rod having a smaller outer diameter than the remainder of the distal end of the rod  10 , i.e., a smaller diameter than the lip  41  and the stop  42 .  
         [0049]     The sheath  30  cooperates with the recess  40  for retractable retention thereof by means of a sheath lip  35  on the proximal end  32  of the sheath. The inner diameter of the sheath  30  is substantially the same and preferably slightly larger than the outer diameter of the lip  41  on the distal end  12  of the rod  10 , thereby allowing the sheath  30  to retract, sliding around the lip  41 . The sheath lip  35  has an inner diameter that is substantially the same and preferably slightly larger than the outer diameter of the recess  40 , thereby allowing the lip  35  to retract, sliding around the recess  40 . The lip  35  of the sheath  30  can be positioned anywhere between the lip  41  and the stop  42 , which because of their larger diameters prevent the sheath lip  35  from moving beyond the recess  40 . When the sheath lip  35  rests against the distal lip  41  of the rod, the prongs  17 ,  18  are completely contained within the sheath  30 , and when the sheath lip  35  rests against the stop  42 , the sheath  30  surrounds the distal end  12  and lip  41 , thereby exposing the prongs  17 ,  18 .  
         [0050]     The sheath  30  is preferably spring-loaded  25  so that in its normal extended state it rests over the prongs  17 ,  18  and against the sheath lip  41 . When the sheath  30  is pressed against a surface it retracts as far as the stop  42 , exposing the prongs  17 ,  18  and placing the spring  25  in tension or compression, depending on the type of spring  25 , which may include a helical or coiled spring (compression or extension), clock spring, leaf spring, or torsion spring. When the distal end  31  of the sheath  30  is removed from a surface, the spring  25  returns the sheath  30  to its normal extended state over the prongs  17 ,  18 . The spring has two ends  25   a ,  25   b  respectively connecting the sheath  30  to the distal end  12  of the rod  10 .  
         [0051]     Referring again to  FIG. 1 : The disclosed invention comprises a power supply  14  connected wires  16  to electrical circuitry  15  for generating an electrical signal capable of temporarily or permanently disabling a fish for safe handling via wires  13  to prongs  17 ,  18 . The electrical circuitry  15  is preferably adapted to modify the electrical signal from the power supply  14  to an electrical signal with a frequency, voltage, amperage and pulse width optimized to disable the fish to be controlled.  
         [0052]     The device  1  preferably also includes a power switch  50  in proximity to the handle in the proximal portion  11  of the rod  10 . The switch  50  is located along the wires  16  between the power supply  14  and the electrical circuit  15  in order to isolate power from the circuit  15  until it is desired. Wires  13  electrically connect the electrical circuit  15  to the anode and cathode prongs  17 ,  18 .  
         [0053]     Referring again to FIGS.  2 - 3 : The device  1  preferably also includes a microswitch  60  in recess  40  at the distal portion  12  of the rod  10 , which is activated by retraction of the sheath  30 . The microswitch  60  is located on the wires  13  between the electrical circuit  15  to the anode and cathode prongs  17 ,  18  on the interior portion of the distal end  12  of the rod  10 . The microswitch  60  also has a depressible button  61  that extends into the recess  40  and is depressible by contact with the proximal end  32  of the sheath  30  when the sheath  30  is retracted.  
         [0054]     The prongs  17 ,  18  extend beyond the distal end  12  of the rod  10  and are separated by at least one half inch and up to several inches. It is preferred that a discharge occur between the tips of the prongs  17 ,  18  and into the marine animal to be controlled. To prevent discharge across the space between the prongs  17 ,  18 , i.e., the portions before the tip, an insulating case  37  such as rubber or plastic case may be situated around and between the prongs  17 ,  18 . The insulating case  37  also strengthens the prongs  17 ,  18  to prevent them from bending or snapping off from the distal end  12  of the rod.  
         [0055]     Referring to  FIG. 5 : The simplified electrical circuit  15  shown in  FIG. 5  may be used in conjunction with the apparatus of  FIGS. 1 through 4 . The representative electrical circuit  15  of  FIG. 5  is used to develop the electrical potential for imparting the electrical shock to a fish coming in contact with prongs  17 ,  18 . The electronic circuit  15  consists of a power supply  14  electrically connected to an oscillator  120  and further coupled to the prongs  17 ,  18  through one or more energy multiplier sections  130 ,  150 . This circuitry  15  is conceptually similar to an automobile ignition system. The circuit parameters are altered to achieve a psychologically and physiologically effective discharge while maintaining non-lethality. The circuitry develops a voltage potential between 300 volts and 50,000 volts (and most preferably between 10,000 volts and 30,000 volts) and is preferably selectable between a range of those values by alteration of circuit components and preferably the values of the potentiometers or capacitors through which the electrical signal passes to the prongs  17 ,  18 . The frequency of the electrical signal is preferably between 15 Hz and 60 Hz, but may be as high as 1000 Hz. Most preferably the frequency of the applied signal is selectable between 20 and 50 Hz by alteration of circuit components and preferably the values of the potentiometers or capacitors through which the electrical signal passes to the prongs  17 ,  18 . Similarly the alteration of the values of the potentiometers or can alter the pulse width of the electrical signal between 1 millisecond and 1 second, and preferably 200-500 milliseconds. Also similarly the duty cycle can selectably range from 10-85% by varying the values of those circuit components.  
         [0056]     The oscillator portion  120  may be represented in a variety of circuit configurations. In the schematic diagram of  FIGS. 6 and 7 , two power transistors Q 1  and Q 2 , form a regenerative amplifier, i.e., monostable multivibrator, operating as a power oscillator  120 . When Q 1  turns on and Q 2  turns off, electrical energy from the power supply  14  is stored in the primary of the transformer T 1 . When Q 2  turns on, Q 1  turns off which shorts the power supply  14  across the primary of the transformer T 1  that forms the first voltage multiplier portion  130 . The current pulse induces a high voltage in the secondary of T 1 . In the schematic of  FIGS. 8 and 9 , the oscillator is a monostable multivibrator using a 555 timer U 1  working in conjunction with transistor Q 3 . The timer U 1  turns Q 3  off and on, which alternately stores a charge in the primary of the transformer T 1  and then discharges it. The current pulse in the primary of T 1  induces a high voltage in the secondary of T 1 . As each regenerative oscillator  120  continues operation, Q 1  or Q 3  alternately turns on and off again and the cycle repeats itself. Therefore, a rapid series of DC pulses are generated and stepped up by T 1  to at least 300 volts and up to 1000 volts at full battery charge.  
         [0057]     Referring again to  FIGS. 6-9 . Each oscillator  120  may also contain circuit components to control the duty cycle  123 , pulse width  122  and frequency  121  of the on/off square wave output of the oscillator  120 . In the circuit of  FIG. 6 , the bases of the transistors Q 1 , Q 2 , and the positive terminal of the power supply  14  (through switch  50 ) are connected to a center-tapped transformer T 1 . More specifically the base of transistor Q 1  is connected to one end tap  131  of the transformer T 1  primary through resistor R 1 , and the base of the other transistor Q 2  is connected to the opposite end tap  132  throgh resistor R 2 , while the power supply is connected to the center tap  133 . The collector of Q 1  is connected between R 2  and end tap  132 , and the collector of Q 2  is connected between R 1  and end tap  132 . The negative terminal of the power supply  14  is connected to the emitters of the transistors Q 1 , Q 2 . Alternately, the emitters may be grounded. The frequency and the on/off duty cycle of the transistor pair Q 1 , Q 2  is controlled by the values of the resistors R 1  and R 2  connected to respective bases of the transistors Q 1  and Q 2  as well as the inductive reactance of the primary of the transformer T 1 . With all values equal, the circuit has a 50% duty cycle, with equal on and off times switched between Q 1  and Q 2 .  
         [0058]     Referring to the circuit of  FIG. 7 : In the circuit of  FIG. 7 , the circuit contains a transistor pair Q 1 , Q 2  connected to the power supply  14  and center-tapped transformer T 1  in a similar manner to that in  FIG. 6 , with the addition of capacitors C 3 , C 4  and resistors R 5 , R 6  to provide additional timing and frequency functions  121 ,  122 ,  123 . The emitters of Q 1  and Q 2  may be grounded or connected to the negative terminal of the power supply  14 . The power supply  14  positive terminal is connected though switch  50  to the center tap  133 . The base of Q 1  is connected to end tap  131  and the collector of Q 2  through capacitor C 3 , and the base of Q 2  is connected to end tap  132  and the collector of Q 1  through capacitor C 4 . The positive terminal of the power supply  14  is connected through parallel resistors R 2 , R 6  to the collector of Q 1  and the base of Q 2  respectively on each side of capacitor C 4 . The positive terminal of the power supply  14  is also connected through parallel resistors R 1 , R 5  to the collector of Q 2  and the base of Q 1  respectively on each side of capacitor C 3 .  
         [0059]     In operation, Q 1  saturates and Q 2  is in cutoff when the circuit is symmetrical; that is, R 1 =R 2 , R 5 =R 6 , C 3 =C 4 , and Q 1 =Q 2 . Essentially, all the current in the circuit flows through Q 2  and Q 2  offers almost no resistance to current flow while capacitor C 3  is charging. Since Q 2  offers almost no resistance in its saturated state, the rate of charge of C 3  depends only on the time constant of R 1  and C 3  (TC=R 1 C 3 ). The right-hand side of capacitor C 3  is connected to the base of transistor Q 1 , which is at cutoff while the right-hand side of capacitor C 3  becomes increasingly positive. If the base of Q 1  becomes sufficiently positive, Q 1  will conduct. After a certain period of time, the base of Q 1  will become sufficiently positive to cause Q 1  to change states from cutoff to conduction. The time necessary for Q 1  to become saturated is determined by the time constant R 1 C 3 . As Q 1  starts conducting and quickly saturates, and the voltage at output A changes from approximately 0 volts to approximately V (battery). This change in voltage is coupled through C 4  to the base of Q 2 , forcing Q 2  to cutoff. Now Q 2  is in cutoff and Q 1  is in saturation.  
         [0060]     The left side of capacitor C 4  becomes more positive at a rate determined by the time constant R 2 C 4 . As the left side of C 4  becomes more positive, the base of Q 2  also becomes more positive. When the base of Q 2  becomes positive enough to allow Q 2  to conduct, Q 2  will again go into saturation. The resulting change in voltage at output B will cause Q 1  to return to the cutoff state. The output voltage (from either output A, B of the multivibrator) alternates from approximately 0 volts to approximately V (battery), remaining in each state for a definite period of time. The time may range from a microsecond to as much as a second or two. In some applications, the time period of higher voltage (VCC) and the time period of lower voltage (0 volts) will be equal. Other applications require differing higher- and lower-voltage times. For example, timing and gating circuits often have different pulse widths. The value of the pulse widths is a function of the time constants R 1 C 3  and R 2 C 4 , and the frequency is the reciprocal of the two time constants 1/(R 1 C 3 +R 2 C 4 ). The duty cycle (time on) of Q 2  is equal to the pulse width of Q 2  on time divided by the frequency R 1 C 3 /(R 1 C 3 +R 2 C 4 ). Thus by varying the value of the capacitance or of the resistors, one can control the pulse width, frequency and duty cycle of the oscillator  120 . Resistors R 1 , and R 2  are preferably variable in order to affect the desired pulse width, frequency and duty cycle.  
         [0061]     Referring to  FIGS. 8 and 9 : The oscillator portion of these circuits comprises a monostable multivibrator using a 555 timer U 1  working in conjunction with transistor Q 3 . The timer U 1  generates a square wave output which turns Q 3  on and off, which alternately stores a charge in the primary of the transformer T 1  and then discharges it. The current pulse in the primary of T 1  induces a high voltage in the secondary of T 1 . The character of the square wave is controlled by the circuit components attached to the pins of the timer U 1 .  
         [0062]     The 555 timer U 1  has a number of pins for connection of electrical circuit components to timer&#39;s U 1  internal IC containing various comparators and transistors. Pin  1  is the ground (or common) pin and is the most-negative supply potential of the device, which is normally connected to circuit common (ground) when operated from positive supply voltages. Pin  2  is the trigger pin and is the input to the lower comparator and is used to set the latch, which in turn causes the output to go high. This is the beginning of the timing sequence in monostable operation. Pin  3  is the output pin of the 555 timer U 1  and comes from a high-current totem-pole stage made up of several transistors. Pin  4  is the reset pin and is also used to reset the latch and return the output to a low state. Pin  5  is the control voltage pin and allows direct access to the ⅔ V+ voltage-divider point, the reference level for the upper comparator and also indirect access to the lower comparator. Pin  6  (threshold) is one input to the upper comparator (the other being pin  5 ) and is used to reset the latch, which causes the output to go low. Pin  7  is the discharge pin which is connected to the open collector of a npn transistor within the timer U 1 , the emitter of which goes to ground, so that when the transistor is turned “on”, pin  7  is effectively shorted to ground. Usually the timing capacitor is connected between pin  7  and ground and is discharged when the transistor turns “on”. The conduction state of this transistor is identical in timing to that of the output stage, this transistor switch being used to clamp the appropriate nodes of the timing network to ground. Pin  8  is the V+ pin (also referred to as Vcc) and is the positive supply voltage terminal of the 555 timer IC. Supply-voltage operating range for the 555 is +4.5 volts (minimum) to +16 volts (maximum), and it is specified for operation between +5 volts and +15 volts.  
         [0063]      FIGS. 8-9  show the 555 timer U 1  connected as an astable multivibrator. Both the trigger and threshold inputs (pins  2  and  6 ) to the two comparators are connected together and to an external capacitor C 3 . The capacitor C 3  charges toward the supply voltage through the two variable resistors, R 1  and R 2 . The discharge pin ( 7 ) connected to the internal transistor is connected to the junction of those two resistors R 1 , R 2 .  
         [0064]     When power is first applied to the circuit, the capacitor C 3  will be uncharged, therefore, both the trigger and threshold inputs will be near zero volts. The lower comparator sets the control flip-flop causing the output to switch high. That also turns off the internal transistor. That allows the capacitor C 3  to begin charging through R 1  and R 2 . As soon as the charge on the capacitor C 3  reaches ⅔ of the supply voltage, the upper comparator will trigger causing the flip-flop to reset. That causes the output to switch low. The internal transistor also conducts, the effect of which causes resistor R 2  to be connected across the external capacitor C 3 . Resistor R 2  is effectively connected to ground through internal transistor. The result of that is that the capacitor C 3  now begins to discharge through R 2 . As soon as the voltage across the capacitor C 3  reaches ⅓ of the supply voltage, the lower comparator is triggered. That again causes the control flip-flop to set and the output to go high. The internal transistor cuts off and again the capacitor C 3  begins to charge. That cycle continues to repeat with the capacitor C 3  alternately charging and discharging, as the comparators cause the flip-flop to be repeatedly set and reset.  
         [0065]     The frequency of operation of the astable circuit is dependent upon the values of R 1 , R 2 , and C 3 . The frequency can be calculated with the formula f=1/(0.693C 3 (R 1 +2R 2 )). The Frequency f is in Hz, R 1  and R 2  are in ohms, and C 3  is in farads. The time duration between pulses is known as the ‘period’, and usually designated with a ‘t’. The pulse is on for t1 seconds, then off for t2 seconds. The total period (t) is t1+t2. That time interval is related to the frequency by the familiar relationship: f=1/t or t=1/f. The time intervals for the on and off portions of the output depend upon the values of R 1  and R 2 . The ratio of the time duration when the output pulse is high to the total period is known as the duty-cycle. The duty-cycle can be calculated with the formula: D=t1/t=(R 1 +R 2 )/(R 1 +2R 2 ). The t1 and t2 times are as follows: t1=0.693(R 1 +R 2 )C 3 ; and t2=0.693(R 2 C 3 ). The 555, when connected as shown in  FIGS. 8 and 9  can produce duty-cycles in the range of approximately 55 to 95%. A duty-cycle of 80% means that the output pulse is on or high for 80% of the total period. The duty-cycle can be adjusted by varying the values of R 1  and R 2 , which are shown as potentiometers/variable resistors R 1 , R 2 .  
         [0066]     The output of the timer U 1  is a continuous stream of rectangular pulses. Which are applied to the gate of transistor Q 3 . The transistor Q 3  is therefore alternately non-conducting, allowing the primary of transformer T 1  to charge, and then conducting allowing the primary of the transformer T 1  to discharge to ground, thereby inducing a high voltage pulse in the secondary of the transformer T 1 .  
         [0067]     Each of the oscillator circuits  120  is connected to the primary of a transformer T 1  which forms a voltage multiplier portion  130  with the transformer T 1  secondary. In the circuits of  FIGS. 6 and 7 , T 1  has a center-tapped primary, with two end taps  131 ,  132  and a center tap  133 . The outputs A, B of the oscillator portion  120  are connected to the respective end taps  131 ,  132  of the transformer T 1  and the center tap is connected to the voltage source  14  through switch  50 . Thus when the switch  50  is closed the power source  14  is connected to the center tap  133  of the transformer T 1  and alternately stores and then discharges electrical energy between the center tap  133  and each end tap  131 ,  132 , depending on which transistor Q 1 , Q 2  is conducting. In the circuits of  FIGS. 8 and 9 , T 1  has a center-tapped primary, with two end taps  131 ,  132  and a center tap  133 . The output of the timer U 1  is connected through transistor Q 3  to one of the end taps  131 ,  132  of the transformer T 1  and the center tap is connected to the voltage source  14  through switch  50 . Thus when the switch  50  is closed the power source  14  is connected to the center tap  133  of the transformer T 1  and the primary alternately stores electrical energy between the center tap  133  and each end tap  131 ,  132  when Q 3  is not conducting and discharges through Q 3  when Q 3  is conducting.  
         [0068]     Referring again to FIGS.  6 - 9 : The alternate charging and discharging of the transformer primary creates a series of higher voltage pulses in the secondary of the transformer T 1 . That voltage is rectified (by rectifier  140 , which may comprise a single diode, diode array, a half bridge rectifier or a full bridge rectifier). A full bridge rectifier  140  comprising four diodes D 3 , D 4 , D 5  and D 6  is shown in  FIGS. 7 and 8 .  
         [0069]     A half-bridge rectifier  140  comprising a pair of diodes D 1 , D 2  is shown in  FIG. 6 . The rectifier  140  works in conjunction with capacitors C 1  and C 2  as voltage storage  160  and is configured as a half-wave voltage doubler  150 . A capacitor-diode array shown in  FIG. 9  comprising capacitors C 8 - 15  and diodes D 8 - 15  functions as a rectifier  140 , as well as a voltage energy storage means  160  via the capacitors C 8 - 15  and a second voltage multiplier  150 , as a half wave voltage multiplier  150 , multiplying the voltage by the number of diodes/capacitors (n=7). Additional capacitor diode pairs may be added, e.g., up to n=100 or more to multiply the voltage by n. The anode prong  17  is connected by wire  16  to the last capacitor C 8  (or Cn) and the cathode prong  18  is connected between the secondary of the transformer T 1  and the first capacitor C 1  of the voltage multiplier  150 .  
         [0070]     Referring again to FIGS.  6 - 9 : Each circuit also contains at least one voltage storage device  160 , i.e., capacitor C 1  and/or C 2 . The high-energy pulses in the secondary of the transformer T 1  charge capacitors C 1  and C 2  through the rectifier portion  140  and/or diodes/voltage multiplier  150  for storage of electrical energy. This stored electrical energy may be discharge directly between the anode  17  and cathode prongs  18  or may discharge pulses of energy into an additional voltage multiplier portion, e.g., transformer T 2 .  
         [0071]     In  FIGS. 7 and 8 , the rectified output of the full-bridge rectifier  140  is stored in capacitors C 1  and C 2  (through resistors R 4  and R 7  respectively). The output of the rectifier  140  is connected through series connection of R 4  and C 1  to one end of the transformer T 2  primary, and through the series connection of R 7  and C 2  to the opposite end of the transformer T 2  primary. The SCR anode is connected between R 4  and C 1  and the cathode is connected between C 2  and the opposite end of the transformer T 2  primary. The DIAC is between the SCR gate and the junction of C 2  and R 7 . Capacitors C 1  and C 2  are charged by R 4  and R 7 . As soon as the voltage across C 2  reaches the DIAC&#39;s break-down voltage, for example, 600 volts, the SCR starts conducting allowing C 1  and C 2  to discharge quickly, sending an electrical pulse across the primary of T 2 . The SCR will remain turned on until the main voltage becomes 0V, i.e., when the capacitors C 1  and C 2  are fully discharged. The SCR and DIAC stop conducting allowing capacitors C 1  and C 2  to store charge up to the breakdown voltage of the DIAC. The cycle continues of storge and breakdown, creating a series of high voltage pulses across the primary of T 2 , creating even high voltage pulses in the secondary of T 2  for creating an extremely high voltage across the anode, cathode pair  17 ,  18 . In the circuit of  FIG. 8 , R 7  comprises a variable resistor which can be adjusted to vary the frequency of the high voltage discharges according to the time constant R 7 C 2 . The larger the value of R 7 , the longer it takes before the voltage across the capacitor is high enough to make the DIAC and SCR turn on, and therefore the lower the frequency of the pulses.  
         [0072]     The rectified output voltage may be further increased using a voltage multiplier section which consists of an additional transformer T 2  or with a voltage multipliers such as a capacitor-diode array C 2  and C 9 , and D 1  to D 8 . The final output is approximately 2000-30,000 volts. The use of a commercial spark gap SG 1  between the anode and cathode  17 ,  18  prevents erosion and failure if used for extended periods of time. In the circuit of  FIG. 6 , a variable resistor R 3  may be used as a voltage controller  170  to vary the voltage between the anode  17  and cathode  18 .  
         [0073]     While the invention has been described, disclosed, illustrated and shown in certain terms or certain embodiments or modifications which it has assumed in practice, the scope of the invention is not intended to be nor should it be deemed to be limited thereby and such other modifications or embodiments as may be suggested by the teachings herein are particularly reserved especially as they fall within the scope of the breadth and scope of the claims here appended.