Abstract:
A longer life screwdriver is disclosed, and the screwdriver includes a ball retained in a through-hole in a manner movable in a radial direction of a driving shaft member, the through-hole being defined in a driving shaft member, the ball being possible to project beyond the driving shaft member along an outer circumference of the driving shaft member, the ball further being possible to abut an end of a clutch spring, and means for allowing the ball to protrude beyond the driving shaft member along the outer circumference of the driving shaft member in response to axial movement of the output shaft member against a pressing means, the improvement comprising: disengagement means for releasing engagement between the clutch spring and the ball during the reverse rotation of a motor.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0001]    1. Field of the Invention  
           [0002]    This invention relates to a screwdriver (mainly such as a power screwdriver) for use in tightening a screw into, e.g., a piece of plasterboard that is used such as on a ceiling and a wall.  
           [0003]    2. Description of the Related Art  
           [0004]    A screwdriver such as a power screwdriver is primarily intended for use on a fastened material such as a piece of plasterboard. The screwdriver includes an axially movable and adjustable stopper disposed on part of a unit body because a screw must be driven into the fastened material at a certain depth during screw tightening. The screwdriver further includes a screw-tightened depth adjuster for releasing a clutch when the unit body is moved to a position where the stopper abuts the fastened member during the screw tightening. The screwdriver yet further includes a mechanism for transmitting power through a one-way clutch when a motor is reversely revolved in order to back off the screw.  
           [0005]    One such example of a prior art screwdriver as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Out No.  8-267367  will now be described with reference to FIG. 1.  
           [0006]    In FIG. 1, a threadingly engaged stopper sleeve  3  is shown mounted on a housing  2  at a distal end thereof. The stopper sleeve  3  is relatively rotated with respect to the housing  2 , thereby adjusting a relative distance therebetween. The adjusted relative distance provides an adjusted screw-fed distance (or adjusted screw-driven depth).  
           [0007]    In the housing  2 , a pinion  19  on an output shaft of a motor (not shown) is engaged with a gear  5  that is circumferentially mounted on a driving shaft member  4 . The driving shaft member  4  and the gear  5  are rotated as a one-piece component in a rotational direction of the driving shaft member  4 , and motor rotation is transmitted to the driving shaft member  4  through the gear  5 .  
           [0008]    Referring to FIG. 2, a compression spring or a clutch spring  6  including axially extending upper and lower ends is shown coiled in a counterclockwise direction.  
           [0009]    An output shaft member  7  includes engagement balls  18  that allow the output shaft member  7  to receive a screw-driving bit  10  in a jointly rotatable manner. A metal section  8  supports the output shaft member  7  in a pivotable and axially movable manner, but limits movement of the output shaft member  7  toward the screw-driving bit  10 . Part of the output shaft member  7  is positioned within a one-way clutch  16 . The one-way clutch  16  is retained within a driving shaft sleeve  4   a  of the driving shaft member  4 . The output shaft member  7  is axially movable within the one-way clutch  16 , while the one-way clutch  16  permits the output shaft member  7  to be pivoted in a single direction (in a direction in which a screw is tightened) with reference to the one-way clutch  16 .  
           [0010]    A non-rotatable, but axially movable locking member  12  is positioned against the stopper sleeve  3  at an end thereof toward the driving shaft member  4 . The locking member  12  is always urged toward the stopper sleeve  3  by means of a compression spring  11 . The stopper sleeve  3  and the locking member  12  includes convex and concave claws, respectively, which claws are in constant mesh with one another at a position where the locking member  12  abuts the stopper sleeve  3 . When the claw of the stopper sleeve  3  is held in mesh with that of the locking member  12 , then the stopper sleeve  3  is locked against rotation with respect to the housing  2 , and is further immovable in an axial direction of the stopper sleeve  3 . The screw-tightened depth can be adjusted by the stopper sleeve  3  being relatively rotated in relation to the housing  2  when an operator disengages the claw of the stopper sleeve  3  from that of the locking member  12  by manually sliding the locking member  12  toward the driving shaft member  4  against the spring force of the compression spring  11 .  
           [0011]    In the driving shaft member  4 , an axially movable umbrella-like member  13  is positioned against the output shaft member  7  at an end thereof in a direction opposite to the screw-driving bit  10 . A radially movable ball  9  within a through-hole  4   b  of the driving shaft sleeve  4   a  is seated against the umbrella-like member  13  along the outer circumference thereof or rather a tapered portion  13   a . A spring  15  constantly urges the umbrella-like member  13  toward the output shaft member  7 .  
           [0012]    In FIG. 1, the pressing force of the spring  15  causes the output shaft member  7  having the screw-driving bit  10  disposed thereon to be moved in a downward direction of FIG. 1 through the umbrella-like member  13 , and a distal end of the bit  10  remains projecting beyond that of the stopper sleeve  3 .  
           [0013]    When driving the screw is started in such a state, then output shaft member  7  with the screw-driving bit  10  thereon is axially moved in an upward direction of FIG. 1 through the umbrella-like member  13  against the pressing force of the spring  15 .  
           [0014]    The tapered portion  13   a  is slanted at an angle that permits an outer diameter thereof to decrease with an increase in distance between the tapered portion  13   a  and the output shaft member  7 . Such a construction allows ball  9  on the tapered portion  13   a  to protrude beyond the driving shaft sleeve  4   a  along the outer circumference thereof in response to the axial movement of the output shaft member  7  with the screw-driving bit  10 .  
           [0015]    An output shaft sleeve  7   a  having the same outer diameter as that of the driving shaft sleeve  4   a  is disposed on the output shaft member  7 . The output shaft sleeve  7   a  includes a fixing portion  14   a  and a protruding portion  14   b . The fixing portion  14   a  secures an end of the clutch spring  6  that extends about the output shaft sleeve  7   a  and driving shaft sleeve  4   a  along the respective outer circumferences thereof. The protruding portion  14   b  extends beyond the output shaft sleeve  7   a  along the outer circumference thereof, and abuts an end surface of the clutch spring  6 , thereby restricting the clutch spring  6  in axial position thereof. As illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3, the clutch spring  6  has the bent end secured by the fixing portion  14   a , and is thereby disposed in an axially immovable fashion.  
           [0016]    The opposite end  6   a  of the clutch spring  6  toward the driving shaft member  4  is a free end, and the clutch spring end  6   a  is axially moved in union with the axially moved output shaft member  7  having the bit  10  carried thereon.  
           [0017]    When the output shaft member  7  with the screw-driving bit  10  is axially moved against the spring force of the spring  15  during screw tightening, then the clutch spring end  6   a  is axially moved in union with the output shaft member  7 , and is then positioned on the ball  9  along the circumference thereof. The umbrella-like member  13  is axially moved in response to the movement of the output shaft member  7  with the screw-driving bit  10 , and the tapered portion  13   a  causes the ball  9  to protrude beyond the driving shaft sleeve  4   a  along the outer circumference thereof. As a result, the clutch spring end  6   a  can be brought into contact with the ball  9  in a rotational direction of the driving shaft member  4 , and a motor rotational force is transmitted to the clutch spring  6  through the gear  5 , driving shaft member  4 , and ball  9 .  
           [0018]    When a motor is normally revolved, then the clutch spring  6  is deformed in a direction in which an outer diameter of the clutch spring  6  is reduced, and is thereby wound around the driving shaft sleeve  7   a  as well as the output shaft sleeve  4   a  along the respective outer circumferences thereof, thereby rotating the output shaft sleeve  4   a  jointly with the driving shaft sleeve  7   a . As a result, the revolving force of the driving shaft member  4  is transmitted to the output shaft member  7  through the clutch spring  6  in order to revolve the screw-driving bit  10 , thereby tightening the screw.  
           [0019]    When the screw is further driven, then an end surface of the stopper sleeve  3  is brought into contact with the fastened member, and the pressing force of the spring  15  causes the output shaft member  7  as well as the screw-driving bit  10  to be axially moved toward the distal end of the screw-driving bit  10  in response to further screw tightening. When the output shaft member  7  with the screw-driving bit  10  thereon is moved toward the distal end of the screw-driving bit  10  by a certain amount, then the ball  9  in abutment with the tapered portion  13   a  is retracted away from the circumference of the driving shaft sleeve  4   a , which otherwise would remain protruding beyond the driving shaft sleeve  4   a  along the circumference thereof. As a result, the clutch spring  6  is unwound and then released from the sleeves  4   a  and  7   a , and the output shaft member  7  with the screw-driving bit  10  is isolated from the revolving force, thereby completing the screw tightening.  
           [0020]    In the prior art screwdriver as discussed above, the ball  9  and the clutch spring end  6 a are brought into contact with one another in the revolving direction of the driving shaft member  4  during normal rotation of the motor that runs in order to drive the screw, and the clutch spring  6  is deformed in a direction in which an inner diameter thereof is reduced, thereby rotating the output shaft member  7  in union with the driving shaft member  4 . As a result, the revolving force of the driving shaft member  4  is transmitted to the screw-driving bit  10  as well as the output shaft member  7 . When the motor is reversely rotated in order to back off the screw, then the revolving force of the driving shaft member  4  is transmitted to the screw-driving bit  10  as well as the output shaft member  7  through the one-way clutch  16 . However, there exists a drawback to the prior art screwdriver. More specifically, when the one-way clutch  16  is idled, then the ball  9  is brought into contact with the clutch spring end  6   a  as illustrated in FIG. 5 during movement of the output shaft member  7  in a direction in which the output shaft member  7  resists the pressing force of the spring  15 . When the ball  9  collides with the clutch spring  6 , then the clutch spring  6  experiences a load that acts in a direction as shown by an arrow in FIG. 5. As a result, the clutch spring  6  is deformed in a direction in which then inner diameter thereof expands as seen from FIG. 6, and the clutch spring  6  is immediately plastically deformed or otherwise broken. Consequently, the screwdriver is mal-functioned or otherwise rendered inoperative.  
           [0021]    The one-way clutch  16  tends to be idled when the output shaft member  7  is axially moved with respect to the one-way clutch  16  upon motor start-up.  
           [0022]    When the ball  9  is driven into contact with the clutch spring end  6   a  after idling of the one-way clutch  16  during screw loosening as previously discussed, then the clutch spring  6  is deformed in a direction in which the clutch spring  6  expands toward any space within the housing  2 . Such deformation reduces an axial dimension of the clutch spring  6 , and the clutch spring end  6   a  is disengaged from the ball  9 . However, a large volume of torque must be exerted on the clutch spring  6  during such disengagement, and the clutch spring  6  is immediately plastically deformed or otherwise broken. As a result, the screwdriver is either brought out of normal service or rendered inoperative.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0023]    In view of the above, an object of the present invention is to provide a longer life screwdriver including a clutch spring resistant to plastic deformation and breakage when a ball abuts a clutch spring end after idling of a one-way clutch during screw loosening.  
           [0024]    The above object is achieved by disengagement means for releasing engagement between the clutch spring and the ball during reverse motor rotation.  
           [0025]    The above object is accomplished by a slanted surface on the clutch spring at the clutch spring end where the clutch spring is positioned against the ball during reverse motor rotation.  
           [0026]    The above object is attainable by a through-hole configured to allow the ball to be moved away from an immovable shaft member when the ball is forced against the clutch spring during reverse motor rotation, part of the clutch spring being secured to the immovable shaft member.  
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0027]    [0027]FIG. 1 is an enlarged cross-sectional view, illustrating an essential portion of a prior art screwdriver as an illustration;  
         [0028]    [0028]FIG. 2 is a perspective view, illustrating an example of a prior art clutch spring used in the screwdriver;  
         [0029]    [0029]FIG. 3 is a perspective view, illustrating the clutch spring secured to an output shaft member;  
         [0030]    [0030]FIG. 4 is a view, partially illustrating an essential portion of a prior art driving shaft member as an illustration;  
         [0031]    [0031]FIG. 5 is a descriptive illustration, showing how components in the prior art screwdriver behave;  
         [0032]    [0032]FIG. 6 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of an essential portion of the prior art screwdriver, illustrating how components in the screwdriver behave;  
         [0033]    [0033]FIG. 7 is a perspective view, illustrating a clutch spring of a screwdriver according to an embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0034]    [0034]FIG. 8 is an enlarged view, illustrating an essential portion of the clutch spring;  
         [0035]    [0035]FIG. 9 is a perspective view, illustrating a clutch spring according to another embodiment;  
         [0036]    [0036]FIG. 10 is an enlarged view, illustrating an essential portion of the clutch spring;  
         [0037]    [0037]FIG. 11 is a perspective view, showing a clutch spring according to a further embodiment;  
         [0038]    [0038]FIG. 12 is an enlarged view, illustrating an essential portion of the clutch spring;  
         [0039]    [0039]FIG. 13 is a perspective view, showing a clutch spring according to a yet further embodiment;  
         [0040]    [0040]FIG. 14 is an enlarged view, illustrating an essential portion of the clutch spring;  
         [0041]    [0041]FIG. 15 is a partially omitted view, illustrating a driving shaft member of the screwdriver according to an embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0042]    [0042]FIG. 16 is an enlarged view, illustrating an essential portion of the screwdriver according to an embodiment;  
         [0043]    [0043]FIG. 17 is a partially omitted view, illustrating a driving shaft member of the screwdriver according to another embodiment; and  
         [0044]    [0044]FIG. 18 is a partially omitted view, illustrating a driving shaft member of the screwdriver according to still another embodiment; 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
       [0045]    A clutch spring of a screwdriver according to an embodiment of the present invention will now be described with reference to FIGS. 7 and 8.  
         [0046]    As illustrated in FIGS. 7 and 8, a clutch spring  6  has a slanted surface  6   b  formed at a deformed end  6   a  thereof. In a screwdriver as illustrated in FIG. 1 in which the clutch spring  6  is employed, when the ball  9  is driven against the clutch spring end  6   a  during reverse motor rotation, then the clutch spring  6  is deformable by a dramatically reduced amount in a radially extending direction of the clutch spring  6 . More specifically, when the clutch spring end  6   a  abuts the ball  9  during the reverse motor rotation, then the ball  9  contacts the slanted surface  6   b , and an impact force of the ball  9  on the clutch spring end  6   a  in a rotational direction of the clutch spring  6  can be dispersed axially or in a direction in which the clutch spring end  6   a  is disengaged from the ball  9 . The axially dispersed impact force causes the clutch spring  6  to be at first deformed in a direction in which the clutch spring  6  is slightly expanded, and then to be deformed in a direction in which the clutch spring  6  is reduced in axial dimension thereof. As a result, the clutch spring end  6   a  is disengaged from the ball  9 . In conclusion, the clutch spring  6  according to the present embodiment is deformable by a reduced amount of nearly one fifth as low as the prior art clutch spring  6 . The clutch spring  6  in contact with the ball  9  is deformed only by an amount less than a plastically deformable degree, and enjoys an improved lifetime.  
         [0047]    In the prior art screwdriver, when the one-way clutch  16  is idled during reverse motor rotation or screw loosening, then abutment of the clutch spring end  6 a with the ball  9  causes the clutch spring  6  to be deformed in the radially extending direction thereof to the point where the clutch spring  6  abuts an inner surface of the housing  2 , as illustrated in FIG. 5. In the screwdriver according to the present invention, when the ball  9  is driven against the clutch spring end  6   a  after idling of the one-way clutch  16  during screw loosening, then the slanted surface  6   b  of the clutch spring end  6   a  disengages the clutch spring end  6   a  from the ball  9  although the clutch spring  6  is deformed by a very small amount in the radially extending direction thereof. Such disengagement limits the radially expanding deformation of the clutch spring  6 , and there is no likelihood that the clutch spring  6  is forced against the inner surface of the housing  2 .  
         [0048]    The slanted surface  6   b  is beveled in a direction opposite to a coiled direction of the clutch spring  6  as a distal end of the clutch spring end  6   a  is reached.  
         [0049]    A clutch spring according to another embodiment will now be described with reference to FIGS. 9 and 10.  
         [0050]    As illustrated in FIGS. 9 and 10, a clutch spring  6  has a slanted surface  6   b  formed only on one side of a clutch spring end  6   a . When the one-way clutch  16  is idled during reverse motor rotation, then the ball  9  is driven into contact with the clutch spring  6  at a position where the slanted surface  6   b  is located. The slanted surface  6   b  is formed by the prior art clutch spring  6  being removed. Such a construction of the clutch spring  6  makes it feasible to limit the deformation of the clutch spring  6  in a manner similar to the previously discussed clutch spring  6  as illustrated in FIGS. 7 and 8 when the ball  9  and the clutch spring end  6   a  are brought into contact with one another during reverse motor rotation. In the previously discussed clutch spring  6  as illustrated in FIGS. 7 and 8, the clutch spring end  6   a  is inclined to provide the slanted surface  6   b , and the clutch spring end  6   a  and the ball  9  are prone to coming into unsteady engagement and disengagement from one another during normal motor rotation. Such a shortcoming can be overcome by the present embodiment in which the slanted surface  6   b  is located only on one side of the clutch spring end  6   a , as illustrated in FIGS. 9 and 10.  
         [0051]    [0051]FIGS. 11 and 12 illustrate a clutch spring  6  according to a further embodiment. In the clutch spring  6 , a clutch spring end  6   a  has a slanted surface  6   b  inclined in a direction opposite to a coiled direction of the clutch spring  6  in a manner similar to the previous embodiment as illustrated in FIGS. 7 and 8. In addition, as seen from FIG. 12, the slanted surface  6   b  is shortened and flattened in cross-section in a radial direction of the coiled clutch spring  6 . Such a configuration provides effects and operation similar to those in the previous embodiment as illustrated in FIGS. 7 and 8. When the slanted surface  6   b  causes the clutch spring  6  according to the present embodiment to be slightly made smaller in axial dimension in response to radially expanding deformation of the clutch spring  6 , then the thinned clutch spring end  6   a  is moved beyond a spherical surface of the ball  9 , thereby permitting the clutch spring end  6   a  to travel a reduced distance that requires the clutch spring end  6   a  to be disengaged from the ball  9 . As a result, the clutch spring  6  is deformable by a proportionally reduced amount. The clutch spring  6  according to the present embodiment is formed by the clutch spring end  6   a  being crushed, and is easily attainable.  
         [0052]    [0052]FIGS. 13 and 14 illustrate a clutch spring  6  according to a yet further embodiment. The clutch spring  6  is shortened and flattened in cross-section in a radial direction of the coiled clutch spring  6 . Such a shortened and flattened portion is formed only on one side of a clutch spring end  6   a  in a rotational direction of the clutch spring  6 . A slanted surface  6   b  is formed on the clutch spring end  6   a  at the flattened portion. This arrangement provides effects similar to those in the previous embodiment as illustrated in FIGS. 11 and 12, and further allows an abutment force similar to that in the prior art clutch spring  6  to be obtained at the clutch spring end  6   a  where the ball  9  abuts the clutch spring end  6   a  during normal motor rotation.  
         [0053]    Alternatively, the clutch spring  6  as illustrated in FIGS. 7 and 8 may be combined with either one of the clutch springs  6  as shown in FIGS.  9 - 14 , and the combined clutch spring  6  is deformable by a further reduced amount.  
         [0054]    A driving shaft member of the screwdriver according to an embodiment of the present invention will now be described with reference to FIGS. 15 and 16.  
         [0055]    Pursuant to the present embodiment, when the output shaft member  7  having the screw-driving bit  10  carried thereon is axially moved against the pressing force of the spring  15 , then the tapered portion  13   a  between the output shaft member  7  and the spring  15  permits the ball  9  to be moved in a radial direction of the driving shaft member  4 , and then to protrude beyond the driving sleeve  4   a  along the outer circumference thereof; the driving sleeve  4   a  is defined with a suitably shaped through-hole  4   b  for retaining the ball  9  therein. This construction allows the clutch spring end  6   a  to be disengaged from the ball  9  when the ball  9  is brought into contact with the clutch spring end  6   a  after idling of the one-way clutch  16  during reverse motor rotation.  
         [0056]    The through-hole  4   b  primarily forms a common shape as shown in FIG. 4, but is secondarily defined with a relief aperture  4   c  as illustrated in FIG. 15. The relief aperture  4   c  is shaped to allow the ball  9  to move away from the output shaft member  7 .  
         [0057]    The presence of the relief aperture  4   c  causes the through-hole  4   b  to be shaped to slant in a direction opposite to reverse rotation of the driving shaft member  4 , and further to extend in a direction away from the output shaft member  7 .  
         [0058]    In the screwdriver as illustrated in FIG. 1 in which the above-structured driving shaft member  4  is employed, the ball  9  is seated within the through-hole  4   b  at the same position as that in the prior art screwdriver during normal motor rotation for screw tightening, thereby bringing the ball  9  into contact with the clutch spring end  6   a . As a result, the screwdriver is capable of screw tightening in a manner similar to the prior art screwdriver. A centrifugal force caused by rotation of the driving shaft member  4  permits the ball  9  to ride upward on the tapered portion  13   a  before the ball  9  is seated within the through-hole  4   b  at the same position as that in the prior art screwdriver.  
         [0059]    When the ball  9  is brought into contact with the clutch spring end  6   a  after idling of the one-way clutch  16  during reverse motor rotation for screw loosening, then the ball  9  within the through-hole  4   b  is positioned against the clutch spring end  6   a  in a state of traveling toward the relief aperture  4   c . The abutment of the ball  9  with the clutch spring end  6   a  moves the ball  9  into the relief aperture  4   c . The ball  9  is moved away from the clutch spring end  6   a , and is forced into contact with the clutch spring end  6   a  near a distal end thereof. The clutch spring  6  is reduced in size in an axial direction thereof by an amount of a coil when the driving shaft member  4  is rotated once with respect to the output shaft member  7 . As a result, the clutch spring  6  is slightly deformed in a radially extending direction thereof, and the clutch spring end  6   a  is disengaged from the ball  9 . In this way, the clutch spring  6  is deformable by a small amount, and is resistant to plastic deformation or otherwise breakage.  
         [0060]    The ball  9  moved away from the clutch spring end  6   a  as discussed above is positioned against the tapered portion  13   a  at different positions, and projects beyond the driving sleeve  4   a  along the outer circumference thereof by a reduced amount. Consequently, the ball  9  is forced into contact with the clutch spring end  6   a  on an inner surface thereof in the radial direction of the clutch spring  6 , as illustrated in FIG. 16, and the clutch spring end  6   a  is caused to ride over the ball  9 . As a result, the clutch spring  6  experiences less torque.  
         [0061]    When the clutch spring end  6   a  and the ball  9  are held in contact with one another on a slanted surface of the driving shaft member  4  in the rotational direction of the driving shaft member  4 , then the clutch spring end  6   a  further tends to ride over the ball  9 , and the clutch spring  6  undergoes further reduced torque.  
         [0062]    Pursuant to the above embodiment, the ball  9  projects beyond the driving sleeve  4   a  along the outer circumference thereof by a small amount when the ball  9  is seated within the relief aperture  4   c . Alternatively, the screwdriver may be designed to permit the ball  9  to avoid projecting beyond the driving sleeve  4   a  along the outer circumference thereof when the ball  9  stays in the relief aperture  4   c . Such an alternative arrangement insures that the ball  9  is prevented from coming into contact with the clutch spring end  6   a  during reverse motor rotation.  
         [0063]    Pursuant to the above embodiment, the ball  9  can be brought into slight contact with the clutch spring end  6   a  when being positioned in the relief aperture  4   c . Alternatively, the screwdriver may be sized to force the ball  9  into non-contact with the clutch spring end  6   a  when the ball  9  is located within the relief aperture  4   c.    
         [0064]    Other embodiments of the driving shaft member will be described with reference to FIGS. 17 and 18.  
         [0065]    In the previous embodiment as illustrated in FIG. 15, the relief aperture  4   c  causes the clutch spring end  6   a  and ball  9  to be brought into less stable engagement with one another during normal motor rotation for screw tightening, and a depth at which a screw is tightened tends to be non-uniformly adjusted. In view of the foregoing, the present embodiments as illustrated in FIGS. 17 and 18 provide a more suitably shaped through-hole  4   b  in order to stabilize a position of the ball  9  during normal motor rotation for screw tightening, thereby avoiding irregular adjustment of the screw-tightened depth.  
         [0066]    [0066]FIG. 17 illustrates a substantially L-shaped through-hole  4   b . The through-hole  4   b  is primarily shaped as an ordinary through-hole as illustrated in FIG. 4, but is secondarily formed with a relief aperture  4   c  and a normal rotation-adapted receptor aperture  4   d . The relief aperture  4   c  allows the ball  9  to be moved away from the output shaft member  7 . The receptor aperture  4   d  extends in a direction opposite to normal rotation of the driving shaft member  4 .  
         [0067]    The above construction provides operation and effects similar to those in the previous embodiment as illustrated in FIGS. 15 and 16 during reverse motor rotation, and further allows a position of the ball  9  to be stabilized during normal motor rotation when compared with the previous embodiment as illustrated in FIGS. 15 and 16 because the ball  9  seated within the receptor aperture  4   d  is positioned against the clutch spring end  6   a  during normal motor rotation, thereby precluding the ball  9  from being moved away from the clutch spring  6 .  
         [0068]    Another through-hole  4   b  as illustrated in FIG. 18 includes a normal rotation-adapted receptor aperture  4   d  that extends in a direction opposite to normal rotation of the driving shaft member  4 . The through-hole  4   b  substantially L-shaped in a manner similar to that in the previous embodiment as shown in FIG. 17 is slanted in such a manner that the receptor aperture  4   d  is spaced apart from the output shaft member  7 .  
         [0069]    The above structured through-hole  4   b  provides operation and effects similar to those in the previous embodiment as shown in FIG. 17.  
         [0070]    A combination of either one or several of the embodiments as illustrated in FIGS.  7 - 14  and any one of the embodiments as shown in FIGS.  15 - 18  provides a clutch spring  6  deformable by a further reduced amount in a radially extending direction thereof when the one-way clutch  16  is idled during reverse motor rotation. As a result, the clutch spring  6  is far less likely to be plastically deformed or otherwise broken. In particular, when the embodiment as illustrated in either FIG. 11 or  13  in addition to either one of the embodiments as illustrated in FIGS.  15 - 18  is employed, then the clutch spring end  6   a  and the ball  9  can more conveniently be brought out of engagement with one another when the one-way clutch  16  is idled during reverse motor rotation.  
         [0071]    In the embodiments as discussed above, the umbrella-like member  13  disposed between the end of the output shaft member  7  and the spring  15  is employed in order to move the ball  9  in the radial direction of the driving member  4   a  in union with the axial movement of the output shaft member  7 . Alternatively, the present invention may eliminate the umbrella-like member  13 , but instead provides an output shaft member  7  constructed to move the ball  9  in the radial direction of the driving member  4   a.    
         [0072]    As detailed above, the present embodiment provides disengagement means for releasing engagement between the clutch spring end and the ball during reverse motor rotation. As a result, such disengagement is achievable without the possibility of plastic deformation or otherwise breakage of the clutch spring. This feature provides a longer life screwdriver.