Abstract:
A portable display device is provided having a size suitable for hand-held use and including a display screen for displaying video images and audio circuitry for providing audio signals to a user thereof. A manual input device is mounted on the portable display device and is activatable by a user for placing the portable display device in any one of a plurality of modes of operation selected from the group consisting of paging, volume control, brightness control and zoom. A sensor, also mounted on the portable display device, is configured to sense changes in tilt of the portable display device relative to a reference tilt established upon placing the portable display device in one of the plurality of modes of operation. A control is connected to the sensor and is adapted to modify parameters associated with a mode of operation selected from the plurality of modes of operation in response to the sensor sensing tilt changes when the portable display device is in the selected mode of operation.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention is directed toward hand-held data processing devices, and more particularly, toward conveniently controllable hand-held data processing devices. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Small hand-held data processing devices with display screens are becoming increasingly more common in a wide variety of uses. For example, small hand-held computers commonly called “personal assistants” or “palm held computers” are currently available. Typically, the small hand-held computers have associated with them small display screens. Similarly, communicators having both cellular communication and computer capabilities are available, typically having small display screens. These small, portable devices do not, and cannot, conveniently have conventional input devices, such as a computer mouse and other control buttons/knobs. Therefore, conventional personal computer interfaces, which also have their own problems, are not suited for these small portable devices. 
     As a result, there are significant limitations on using such small portable devices in both obtaining output, e.g., viewing data on the display screen, and in inputting commands, e.g., changing the area viewed on the display screen or controlling the performance of a particular parameter associated with the device. Further, given the limited area available, not only on the display screen but also on the entire device, adding additional control buttons/knobs, etc., is both difficult and burdensome to a user requiring two hand operation of the device. 
     The present invention is directed toward overcoming one or more of the above-identified problems. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     A portable display device is provided having a size suitable for hand-held use and including a display screen for displaying video images and audio circuitry for providing audio signals to a user thereof. A manual input device is mounted on the portable display device and is activatable by a user for placing the portable display device in any one of a plurality of modes of operation selected from the group consisting of paging, volume control, brightness control and zoom. A sensor, also mounted on the portable display device, is configured to sense changes in tilt of the portable display device relative to a reference tilt established upon placing the portable display device in one of the plurality of modes of operation. A control is connected to the sensor and is adapted to modify parameters associated with a mode of operation selected from the plurality of modes of operation in response to the sensor sensing tilt changes when the portable display device is in the selected mode of operation. 
     The manual input device generally includes pushbutton switches depressible a first time to activate a particular mode of operation, and depressible a second time to deactivate the particular mode of operation. Preferably, the pushbutton switches are mounted at locations on the portable display device engageable by a finger of a user with the portable display device held in the hand of the user. 
     The sensor is also configured to sense changes in tilt direction of the portable display device relative to the reference tilt, and to develop a signal indicative of the sensed change in tilt direction. The control is adapted to further modify parameters associated with the selected mode of operation in response to the signal from the sensor indicative of tilt direction changes. 
     In one form, the portable display device displays windows of video data on the display screen. With the portable display device in the paging mode, the control circuit pages through the windows on the display screen, one at a time, in response to the signal from the sensor indicative of changes in tilt and tilt direction. The paging is performed at a rate proportional to the change in tilt of the portable display device from the reference tilt. The control is configured to page forward through the windows on the display screen, one at a time, with the portable display device tilted in a first direction, and to page backward through the windows on the display screen, one at a time, with the portable display device tilted in a second direction different from the first direction. The window appearing on the display screen upon deactivation of the portable display device from the paging mode remains on the display screen. 
     In another form, with the portable display device in the volume control mode, the control is configured to control a level of volume of the audio signals developed by the audio circuitry in response to the signal from the sensor indicative of changes in tilt and tilt direction. The volume level of the audio signals is changed by an amount proportional to the change in tilt of the portable display device from the reference tilt. The control is configured to increase the volume level of the audio signals with the portable display device tilted in a first direction, and to decrease the volume level of the audio signals with the portable display device tilted in a second direction different from the first direction. The volume level of the audio signals upon deactivation of the portable display device from the volume control mode defines a new volume level of the audio signals. 
     In yet another form, with the portable display device in the brightness control mode, the control is configured to control a level of brightness of the display screen in response to the signal from the sensor indicative of changes in tilt and tilt direction. The brightness level of the display screen is changed by an amount proportional to the change in tilt of the portable display device from the reference tilt. The control is configured to increase the brightness level of the display screen with the portable display device tilted in a first direction, and to decrease the brightness level of the display screen with the portable display device tilted in a second direction different from the first direction. The brightness level of the display screen upon deactivation of the portable display device from the brightness control mode defines a new brightness level of the display screen. 
     In still another form, with the portable display device in the zoom mode, the control is configured to control zooming on content displayed on the display screen in response to the signal from the sensor indicative of changes in tilt and tilt direction. The zooming on content displayed on the display screen is changed by an amount proportional to the change in tilt of the portable display device from the reference tilt. The control is configured to zoom in on content displayed on the display screen with the portable display device tilted in a first direction, and to zoom out on content displayed on the display screen with the portable display device tilted in a second direction different from the first direction. The zoomed content displayed on the display screen upon deactivation of the portable display device from the zoom mode remains displayed on the display screen. 
     It is an object of the present invention to provide a data processing device capable of convenient use and control. 
     It is a further object of the present invention to provide a data processing device capable of one hand use and control. 
     Other aspects, objects and advantages of the present invention can be obtained from a study of the application, the drawings, and the appended claims. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a hand-held data processing device according to the present invention; 
     FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating the components resident within, or attached to, the hand-held device shown in FIG. 1; 
     FIG. 3 illustrates the conceptual stackup of window displays in the hand-held device according to the present invention; 
     FIGS. 4A-4E are explanatory diagrams illustrating orientation of the hand-held device for controlling operating parameters associated therewith; 
     FIGS. 5A-5D are explanatory diagrams illustrating control of volume level associated with the hand-held device according to the present invention; and 
     FIGS. 6A-6C are explanatory diagrams illustrating control of zooming associated with the hand-held device according to present invention. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     FIG. 1 illustrates a portable hand-held data processing device according to the present invention, shown generally at  10 . In the illustrated embodiment, the hand-held device  10  is a hand-held/palm computer. The hand-held device  10  includes a housing  12  having a top  14  and a bottom  16 , a front  18  and a back  20 , and a left side  22  and a right side  24 . A display screen  26  for displaying video information is mounted at the top  14 . 
     Plural manual input devices  27  are located on the left side  22  of the housing  12  for controlling certain operation of the hand-held device  10 . The manual input devices  27  include four control buttons for activating/deactivating four modes of operation of the hand-held device  10 . More specifically, a first button  28  is provided for activating/deactivating a paging mode of operation; a second button  30  is provided for activating/deactivating a volume control mode of operation; a third button  32  is provided for activating/deactivating a brightness control mode of operation; and a fourth button  34  is provided for activating/deactivating a zoom mode of operation. While the buttons  28 , 30 , 32 , 34  are illustrated in FIG. 1 as disposed on the left side  22  of the housing  12 , the buttons  28 , 30 , 32 , 34  may be disposed on the housing  12  at any location generally engageable by a finger of a user when the device  10  is held in a hand of the user. 
     First  36  and second  38  sensors are attached to the housing  12 . The sensors  36 , 38  are preferably gravitational accelerometers which respond to an angle of tilt of the device  10 . The angle of tilt is formed by the device  10  and a line in the direction of gravity. The first sensor  36  is a single-axis accelerometer attached to the left side  22  of the housing  12  and having a plane defined by the left side  22  of the housing  12 . The second sensor  38  is a dual-axis accelerometer attached to the bottom surface  16  of the housing  12  and having a plane defined by the bottom surface  16  of the housing  12 . One skilled in relevant art will appreciate that other sensor/accelerometer attachment orientations may be implemented, while keeping the planes of the sensors/accelerometers orthogonal, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Further, one skilled in the relevant art will appreciate that various pluralities of sensors/accelerometers may be implemented without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. As will be described in greater detail infra, various parameters associated with the hand-held device  10  are generally controllable by tilting/rotating the hand-held device  10  about axes  40  and/or  42 . 
     FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating the various components resident within, or attached to, the housing  12  of the hand-held device  10 . The hand-held device  10  includes a control circuit (CPU)  44  controlling operation of the hand-held device  10 . The CPU  44  includes a memory  45  for storing various software and application programs capable of being utilized by the hand-held device  10 . Conventional audio circuitry  46  is included within the housing  12  for providing audio features e.g., voice signals, alarms, etc., to a user of the hand-held device  10 . The audio circuitry  46  includes an audio source  48 , which may include an embedded cellular telephone, a PSTN interface, an AM/FM radio, etc., producing an audio signal on a line  50 . An audio processing circuit  52  processes the audio signal and develops a processed audio signal on a line  54  which is conventionally applied to a speaker  56 . 
     The display  26  is preferably a backlit liquid crystal display (LCD). The brightness level of the display  26  is controlled by the CPU  44  by adjusting the current flowing in a Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamp (CCFL) circuit  58 , via a digital-to-analog (D/A) converter  60 . 
     Various modes of operation, including paging, volume control, brightness control and zooming, are controlled in accordance with the invention by tilting/rotating the hand-held device  10  about axes  40  and/or  42  (see FIG.  1 ). Both the angle of tilt of the device  10  relative to a reference tilt, and the direction of tilt of the device  10  are sensed by the sensors  36  and  38  which develop and transmit signals on lines  62  and  64  indicative of both the angle and direction of tilt of the device  10 . The reference tilt is established upon activation of a particular mode of operation. The signals on lines  62  and  64  are received by the CPU  44 , which is programmed to adjust a particular parameter associated with the activated mode of operation in response thereto, with the level, or rate, of adjustment to the particular parameter proportional to the change in tilt of the hand-held device  10  from the reference tilt as sensed by the sensors  36  and  38 . 
     The control buttons  28 , 30 , 32 , 34  are preferably pushbutton switches depressible a first time to place the hand-held device  10  in a particular mode of operation, and depressible a second time to deactivate the particular mode of operation. While the hand-held device  10  is in a particular mode of operation, a parameter associated with that particular mode of operation can be modified/adjusted by tilting the hand-held device  10  at various tilts relative to the reference tilt. The level of the particular parameter being modified present upon deactivation of the hand-held device from the particular mode of operation defines a new level for that particular parameter. 
     Referring to FIGS. 1-4, the paging mode of operation will now be described. Typically, the video information displayed on the display screen  26  is displayed in the form of windows. The windows could be pages of a document or pages from different applications, such as a word processing program and a spreadsheet. Further, a situation may arise where one window is a word processing document and another is video from a DVD drive or possibly a TV. Conceptually, it is convenient to visualize the various windows stacked on top of one another as shown in FIG.  3 . In the prior art, paging through the windows  1 -n is done by storing the windows behind buttons/icons, as in the case of a Microsoft windows environment, or by cascading the windows behind each other with a portion of each window being accessible by a cursor. In this manner, a particular window can be selected by placing the cursor on the icon, button or window and selecting the particular window. The particular window then opens up and takes over a portion of the screen for use. This generally requires the use of a computer mouse which is difficult to implement and utilize on small, portable hand-held devices. 
     As shown in FIGS. 4A-4E, paging through the various windows  1 -n can be accomplished by simply tilting the hand-held device  10 . FIG. 4A illustrates an exemplary orientation of the hand-held device  10  upon the first control button  28  being depressed to place the hand-held device  10  in the paging mode. Upon activation of the paging mode by depressing the control button  28 , a reference plane/tilt  66  as sensed by the sensors  36 , 38  is established. The reference tilt  66  is defined by the orientation of the hand-held device  10 , horizontal or otherwise, upon activation of a particular mode of operation, e.g., paging. FIG. 4B illustrates the hand-held device  10  tilted about the axis  40  in a first direction  68  at a first angle θ 1  from the reference tilt  66 . The angle of tilt θ 1  is sensed by the sensors  36 , 38  which transmit signals  62 , 64  to the CPU  44  indicative of the change in tilt θ 1  of the hand-held device  10  from the reference tilt  66  in the first direction  68 . In response to the signals  62  and  64 , the CPU  44  controls forward paging through the windows  1 -n, one at a time, at a first rate proportional to the angle of tilt θ 1  of the hand-held device  10 . Further tilting of the hand-held device  10  in the first direction  68  to an angle θ 2  (θ 2 &gt;θ 1 ) from the reference tilt  66 , as shown in FIG. 4C, is sensed by the sensors  36 , 38 . The signals  62 , 64  developed/transmitted by the sensors  36 , 38  are indicative of the change in tilt θ 2  of the hand-held display  10  from the reference tilt  66  in the first direction  68 . In response, the CPU  44  controls forward paging through the windows  1 -n, one at a time, at a second rate proportional to the angle of tilt θ 2  of the hand-held device  10 . Thus, the rate of forward paging through the windows  1 -n, one at a time, may be controlled by simply varying the angle of tilt of the device  10  from the reference tilt  66  in the first direction  68 . Increasing the angle of tilt of the device  10  in the first direction  68  increases the rate of the forwarding paging through the windows  1 -n, one at a time. 
     Backward paging through the windows  1 -n is similarly controllable by tilting the hand-held device  10  about the axis  40  in a second direction  70 , which is different from the first direction  68 . For example, as shown in FIG. 4D, the hand-held device  10  is tilted in the second direction  70  at an angle θ 3  from the reference tilt  66 . Both the angle of tilt θ 3  and the direction  70  are sensed by the sensors  36 , 38  in the manner as previously described. With the orientation of the hand-held device  10  in the position as shown in FIG. 4D, backward paging through the windows  1 -n occurs at a first rate proportional to the angle of tilt θ 3 . Further tilting of the hand-held device  10  in the second direction  70  to an angle θ 4  (θ 4 &gt;θ 3 ) from the reference tilt  66 , as shown in FIG. 4E, increases the rate of backward paging in the same manner as previously described with respect to forward paging. Deactivation of the hand-held device  10  from the paging mode is performed by depressing the first control button  28  a second time. Upon deactivation, the window appearing on the display screen  26  remains. 
     Control of the other parameters associated with the other modes of operation (volume control, brightness control, zooming) is performed in the same manner as previously described with respect to paging. FIGS. 5A-5D illustrate control of the volume level associated with the hand-held display  10 . Upon the second control button  30  being depressed to place the hand-held device in the volume control mode, a volume indicator window  72  appears on the display screen  26 . Upon activation of the volume control mode by depressing the second control button  30 , it is assumed that the volume level is as shown in FIG.  5 A and the hand-held display  10  is oriented as shown in FIG.  4 A. Accordingly, the reference tilt  66  is established. Tilting of the hand-held device  10  about the axis  40  in the first direction  68 , as shown in FIG. 4B, is sensed by the sensors  36 , 38 . In response to the signal  62  and  64 , which are developed by the sensors  36  and  38  and which are indicative of the change in tilt θ 1  of the hand-held device  10 , the CPU  44  controls the audio processing circuitry  52  to increase the volume level of the audio circuitry  46  to a level as shown in FIG.  5 B. Further tilting of the hand-held device  10  in the first direction  68  as shown in FIG. 4C results in a further increase in the volume level of the audio circuitry  46  to a level as shown in FIG.  5 C. 
     Conversely, rotation of the hand-held device  10  in the second direction  70  as shown in FIG. 4D results in a decrease in the volume level of the audio circuitry  46  to a level as shown in FIG.  5 D. Further tilting of the hand-held device  10  in the second direction  70  as shown in FIG. 4E would similarly cause a further decrease in the volume level of the audio circuitry  46 . In this manner, controlling the volume level of the audio circuitry  46  may be accomplished by simply tilting a hand-held device  10  at various angles relative to the reference tilt  66 . Deactivation of the hand-held device  10  from the volume control mode is performed by depressing the second control button  30  a second time. Upon deactivation, the volume level appearing in the volume indicator window  72  on the display screen  26  defines a new volume level utilized by the audio circuitry  46  thereafter. 
     In a similar manner, the brightness level of the display screen  26  is controllable by tilting the hand-held device  10  at various angles relative to the reference tilt  66 . The display screen  26  is preferably a backlit LCD display. The brightness of the display  26  is controlled by the CCFL circuit  58 , namely, by controlling the amount of current flowing in the CCFL circuit  58 . Assume that the brightness level of the display  26  is at a first brightness level upon activation of the brightness control mode by depressing the third control button  32  with the hand-held device oriented as shown in FIG.  4 A. Upon activation, the reference tilt  66  is established. Tilting the hand-held device  10  at an angle θ 1  in the first direction  68  increases the brightness level of the display  26  to a second level greater than the first level. More specifically, the sensors  36  and  38  sense the angle of tilt θ 1  of the hand-held device  10  and transmit signal  62  and  64  to the CPU  44  indicative of the angle θ 1  in the first direction  68 . In response to the signals  62  and  64 , the CPU  44 , via line  74 , controls the control voltage generated by the digital-to-analog converter  60  on line  76 . The control voltage generated on the line  76  controls the amount of current flowing in the CCFL circuit  58 , which correspondingly controls the brightness of the display  26 . Adjusting the level of the control voltage on the line  76  correspondingly adjusts the current flowing in the CCFL circuit  58  resulting in an adjusted brightness level for the display  26 . Accordingly, with the hand-held display  10  oriented at the angle θ 1  as shown in FIG. 4B, the CPU  44 , responsive to the signal  62 , 64 , controls the digital-to-analog converter  60  to increase the control voltage on the line  76 , resulting in increased current flowing in the CCFL circuit  58 , further resulting in an increased brightness level of the display  26 . Further tilting of the hand-held display  10  in the first direction  68  at an angle θ 2  as shown in FIG. 4C results in a further increase in the brightness level of the display  26  in the same manner as previously described above. 
     Conversely, shielding the hand-held display  10  in the second direction  70  at an angle θ 3  as shown in FIG. 4D results in a decrease in the brightness level of the display  26 . Further tilting of the hand-held display  10  in the second direction  70  at an angle θ 4  as shown in FIG. 4E, results in a further decrease in the brightness level of the display  26 . Deactivation of the hand-held device  10  from the brightness control mode is performed by depressing the third control button  32  a second time. The brightness level of the display  26  upon deactivation defines a new brightness level of the display  26  used thereafter. Accordingly, cumbersome buttons and knobs generally utilized to adjust the brightness level of the display  26  are unnecessary. 
     FIGS. 6A-6C illustrate control of zooming associated with the hand-held device  10 . Zooming is a feature which generally increases (zoom in) or decreases (zoom out) the size of content displayed on the display screen  26 . Upon activation of the zoom mode by depressing the fourth control button  34 , assume that the content displayed in the display screen  26  is as shown in FIG. 6A, and further that the hand-held display  10  is oriented as shown in FIG.  4 A. Accordingly, the reference tilt  66  is established. Tilting of the hand-held display  10  in the first direction  68  at the angle θ 1  as shown in FIG. 4B is sensed by the sensors  36  and  38  in the same manner that has been previously described. In response to the signals  62  and  64  indicative of the change in tilt θ 1 , the CPU  44  controls the display  26  to zoom in on the content displayed on the display  26  as shown in FIG.  6 B. Further tilting of the hand-held display  10  in the first direction  68  at an angle θ 2  as shown in FIG. 4C would further increase the size of the content displayed on the display  26 . 
     Conversely, tilting the hand-held display  10  in the second direction  70  at an angle θ 3  as shown in FIG. 4D is also sensed by the sensors  36  and  38 . In response to the signals  62  and  64  indicative of the angle of tilt θ 3 , the CPU  44  controls the display  26  to zoom out of the content displayed on the display screen  26  as shown in FIG.  6 C. Further tilting of the hand-held display  10  in the second direction  70  at an angle θ 4  as shown in FIG. 4E causes further zooming out of content displayed on the display screen  26 . Deactivation of the hand-held device  10  from the zoom mode is performed by depressing the fourth control button  34  a second time. Upon deactivation, the zoomed content displayed on the display screen  26  remains displayed on the display screen  26 . Accordingly, various displayed window buttons and other control bars/buttons/icons generally utilized for zooming are unnecessary. 
     It should be noted that the levels and rates of adjustment to the various parameters discussed herein are exemplary only. A user may program the sensitivity of the hand-held device  10  (the CPU  44  and the sensors  36 , 38 ) at the user&#39;s discretion. Accordingly, the levels and rates of adjustment of the various parameters corresponding to the changes in the angle of tilt of the hand-held device  10  can be set to a particular user&#39;s preference. Further, it should be noted that while control of the various parameters associated with the hand-held device  10  has been described with respect to tilting the hand-held device  10  about the axis  40  in first  68  and second  70  directions, control of the various parameters may also be accomplished by tilting the hand-held  10  about the axis  42  in respective directions  78  and  80 , or any combination thereof. 
     While the invention has been described with particular reference to the drawings, it should be understood that various modifications could be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.