Abstract:
A navigation apparatus allowing a user to know an outline of a route searched for and selected. The apparatus includes: a searching element for searching for a route to a destination; a determining element for determining a pattern of the route searched for by the searching element; an extracting element for extracting information pertaining to the route searched for by the searching element; a preparing element for preparing an abstract of the route by applying the information extracted by the extracting element to the pattern determined by the determining element; and an outputting element for outputting the abstract of the route prepared by the preparing element.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for navigation purposes, and a medium for providing the method. More particularly, the invention relates to an apparatus and a method for allowing a user to verify a determined route to the intended destination simply and reliably, as well as a medium for providing the inventive method. 
     Navigation apparatuses are coming into widespread use today. Once a user sets a destination on such an apparatus, the apparatus searches for and determines a route from the current or entered position to the intended destination and displays the route. When presented with the route thus determined, the user operates illustratively his or her vehicle accordingly to reach the destination without getting lost. 
     Some navigation systems are designed to prepare and display a list showing geographical points at which to make turns (e.g., intersections), and names of roads interconnecting a plurality of such points. Looking at the display, the user can verify an outline of the route determined by the system. The user may also ascertain key information about the determined route beforehand, such as whether any toll road is included in the route. 
     However, whenever the user wants to know such an outline of the proposed route on conventional navigation apparatuses, it is necessary to switch controls specifically to enter an outline display mode. In requiring the user to do such chores, the conventional system fails to address the user&#39;s need to start immediately for the destination in accordance with the determined route. 
     On grasping an overview of the determined route, the user must view the whole list that may be composed of a plurality of pages on display. This means that the user may have to perform operations to turn the pages while verifying the list. This can be a considerable drag on the operability of the navigation apparatus. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an apparatus and a method for allowing a user to find out simply and rapidly an outline of a route searched for and determined by the apparatus and method. 
     Other objects, features and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon a reading of the following description and appended drawings. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a navigation apparatus embodying the invention; 
     FIG. 2 is a flowchart of steps in which the navigation apparatus of FIG. 1 typically operates; 
     FIG. 3 is a schematic view of what is displayed in step S 8  of FIG. 2; 
     FIG. 4 is a flowchart of steps constituting a pattern determining process performed in step S 5  of FIG. 2; 
     FIG. 5 is a flowchart of steps constituting another pattern determining process carried out in step S 5  of FIG. 2; 
     FIG. 6 is an explanatory view outlining patterns; 
     FIG. 7 is an explanatory view showing typical abstracts corresponding to patterns determined in the processes of FIGS. 4 and 5; 
     FIG. 8 is an explanatory view showing other typical abstracts corresponding to other patterns determined in the processes of FIGS. 4 and 5; 
     FIG. 9 is an explanatory view showing other typical abstracts corresponding to other patterns determined in the processes of FIGS. 4 and 5; 
     FIG. 10 is an explanatory view showing other typical abstracts corresponding to other patterns determined in the processes of FIGS. 4 and 5; 
     FIG. 11 is a flowchart of steps constituting another pattern determining process performed in step S 5  of FIG. 2; 
     FIG. 12 is a flowchart of steps constituting another pattern determining process carried out in step S 5  of FIG. 2; 
     FIG. 13 is an explanatory view showing typical abstracts corresponding to patterns determined in the processes of FIGS. 11 and 12; 
     FIG. 14 is an explanatory view showing other typical abstracts corresponding to other patterns determined in the processes of FIGS. 11 and 12; 
     FIGS. 15,  15 A and  15 B are explanatory views showing other typical abstracts corresponding to other patterns determined in the processes of FIGS. 11 and 12; 
     FIGS. 16,  16 A and  16 B are explanatory views showing other typical abstracts corresponding to other patterns determined in the processes of FIGS. 11 and 12; 
     FIG. 17 is an explanatory view showing other typical abstracts corresponding to other patterns determined in the processes of FIGS. 11 and 12; 
     FIG. 18 is an explanatory view showing other typical abstracts corresponding to other patterns determined in the processes of FIGS. 11 and 12; 
     FIG. 19 is an explanatory view showing other typical abstracts corresponding to other patterns determined in the processes of FIGS. 11 and 12; and 
     FIG. 20 is an explanatory view showing other typical abstracts corresponding to other patterns determined in the processes of FIGS.  11  and  12 . 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     Preferred embodiments of this invention are described below. Means and steps claimed as constituting the invention will be described using specific examples in parentheses where appropriate. However, such specifics are only for illustration purposes and are not limitative of the invention. 
     FIG. 1 outlines a typical structure of a navigation apparatus embodying the invention. In FIG. 1, component parts of the apparatus are connected to a CPU (central processing unit)  1  via a main bus. The CPU  1  runs on an OS (operating system) and executes application software stored on a hard disc  3  as well as various programs held in a ROM  4 , thereby controlling the workings of the components interconnected via the main bus. 
     The hard disc  3  stores the OS and application programs, and allows text data, image data, audio data and other various file data to be recorded and reproduced thereto and therefrom. The hard disc  3  is also used to record and reproduce large quantities of image data such as geographical data. 
     A RAM  5  is a working RAM that temporarily accommodates data primarily during data processing of the CPU  1 . 
     An input device  2  is constituted illustratively by a mouse, a keyboard, a touch switch, a pen input device and/or the like. The input device  2  converts inputs from a user into data available within the apparatus. The input device  2  is used to input specific point setting information such as a point of departure, the intended destination, and stopover points necessary for automatic route search, as well as calculating condition setting information such as whether priority should be given to distance or to time. Giving priority to distance means that the route of the shortest distance is to be searched for during automatic route search; priority on time signifies that the route requiring the shortest possible time to travel should be searched for. 
     A disc drive  6  drives a disc-like storage medium such as a CD-ROM, a floppy disc and/or a DVD (digital versatile disc), reads data from the medium and, if the medium is of a writable type, writes data thereto as needed. If a disc that holds digital map data (called the map disc  30  hereunder) is loaded as the disc-like storage medium, the disc drive  6  reads digital map data from the disc  30 . The map disc  30  may contain all types of information that may be recorded on navigation data discs being marketed today, such as: distances on maps; legally prescribed speed limits on specific roads, the number of traffic lights along a given road; the number of lanes on a particular road; and lists of intersections; sightseeing and shopping guide information; voice information for route guidance and other audio information; and text information in characters. 
     A data I/O port  10  accommodates illustratively a digital data I/O terminal or a semiconductor memory device such as a memory card, and is designed to communicate with an external device on a wired or wireless basis over a network. In operation, the data I/P port  10  permits input and output of data through the data I/O terminal, or to and from a memory card or a display-equipped portable digital assistant, among others. Digital map data may be supplied to the apparatus not only from the map disc  30  but also through the data I/O port  10  by means of communication. 
     A display device  9  may be any one of a CRT (cathode-ray tube), a liquid crystal display, a plasma display and other display devices. The display device  9  generates video signals based on image data and text data that are created and stored into a VRAM  8  as will be described later, and displays images and characters represented by such video signals. A display screen of the display device  9  primarily displays map images and characters. 
     An announcing device  11  generates analog audio signals based illustratively on audio data generated by the CPU  1 , and makes announcements via a built-in speaker in accordance with the audio signals. 
     When an automatic route search is specified, the CPU  1  calculates an optimum route to the intended destination by referring to diverse parameters retrieved from the map disc  30  (described later in more detail) such as distances, legal speed limits, number of traffic lights, number of lanes, presence of one-way traffic, and restricted access to roads; as well as by referencing a calculating condition parameter which, entered from the input device  2 , designates priority being given either to time or to distance. Naturally, the calculated routes are not limited to vehicle uses alone; optimum walking or bicycling routes may also be computed. In the latter case, the CPU  1  retrieves such parameters as walking or bicycling speeds of users from the map disc  30  for calculation. The routes for walking or bicycling purposes may pass through places not accessible by vehicles. 
     A printing module  7  receives so-called rally map data created by the CPU  1 , and generates print data for printing rally maps illustratively on an A4-size sheet of paper in the longitudinal direction. (The rally map is an image that comprises enlarged maps of intersections selected as necessary for reaching the intended destination, along with character strings of additional information for guidance related to each intersection.) 
     A printer  20  prints rally maps longitudinally on an A4-size sheet of paper on the basis of print data supplied by the printing module  7 . 
     A position detecting module  12  includes a GPS calculating part  13 , a direction finding part  14 , and a distance calculating part  15  which are designed to detect the current location. The GPS calculating part  13  receives radio waves from a satellite, not shown, to compute the present location based on the data contained in the received radio waves. The direction detecting part  14  is constituted illustratively by a gyro sensor that detects the direction in which the navigation apparatus is heading. The distance calculating part  15  calculates the distance traveled on the basis of the distance from a given point of departure. 
     How the inventive navigation apparatus operates will now be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG.  2 . First of all, In step S 1 , the user inputs a desired destination by manipulating the input device  2 . At this point, the CPU  1  causes the disc drive  6  to retrieve from the map disc  30  a map comprising the position corresponding to the entry made from the input device  2 . The retrieved map is written to the VRAM  8  and displayed on the display device  9 . The user ascertains and then designates the location of the intended destination on the map displayed on the display device  9 . The CPU  1  places the input destination into the RAM  5  for temporary storage. 
     In step S 2 , the user likewise inputs a point of departure. This point is also stored into the RAM  5 . The entry of the point of departure is optional. That is, when omitted, the point of departure is considered to be the same as the current location. 
     In step S 3 , the user inputs search conditions by operating the input device  2 . The search conditions include priority given to distance or to time, as well as stopover locations, among others. 
     In step S 4 , the CPU  1  searches for the optimum route from the point of departure input in step S 2  or from the current location to the destination input in step S 1 . The search is carried out in accordance with the search conditions entered in step S 3 . Illustratively, if the priority on distance was input in step S 3 , the CPU  1  searches for the route of the shortest distance; if the priority on time was entered, the CPU  1  searches for the route requiring the shortest time to travel to the destination regardless of a prolonged distance that could be necessitated by passage through, say, an expressway. 
     In step S 5 , the CPU  1  determines one of prerecorded patterns that matches the route searched for in step S 4 . Details of the pattern determination will be described later with reference to the flowcharts of FIG. 4 and 5. What takes place in step S 5  is that one of the previously prepared patterns is judged to be applicable to the route searched for and selected. The hard disc  3  retains data representing route abstracts, to be prepared in step S 7  as will be described later. The use of an abstract corresponding to the applicable pattern is determined. 
     In step S 6 , the CPU  1  extracts, from the route information searched for in step S 4 , information that is needed for the preparation of a route abstract in step S 7 . Illustratively, the CPU  1  picks the names of roads and intersections included in the route. 
     In step S 7 , the CPU  1  prepares a route abstract. Specifically, the CPU  1  reads from the hard disc  3  a prerecorded template corresponding to the pattern determined in step S 5 , and pairs the template with the information extracted in step S 6  to prepare the route abstract. 
     In step S 8 , the CPU  1  renders on the display device  9  a text of the route abstract prepared in step S 7 . FIG. 3 shows a typical display example of the rendered text. 
     In this display example, a text “THIS ROUTE WILL TAKE YOU FROM “YOGA” INTERSECTION ON TO METROPOLITAN EXPRESSWAY NO. 3 “SHIBUYA” ROUTE AND OFF AT “SHIBUYA” EXIT” appears as an abstract of the route. In the example, the CPU  1  reads out and displays enlarged maps (rally maps) of the intersections corresponding to the extracted intersection names. 
     In step S 9 , the user determines whether or not to print the abstract displayed in step S 8 . If the abstract is desired to be printed, step S 10  is reached. In step S 10 , the user enters a print command by manipulating the input device  2 . The command causes the CPU  2  to read out the abstract of the route displayed on the display device  9  along with the rally maps (such as the image data displayed on the display device  9  as shown in FIG.  3 ), and supplies the abstract and the maps to the printing module  7 . In turn, the printing module  7  feeds the received image data to the connected printer  20  so that the latter will print the data on a paper  21 . 
     If the user decides that there is no need to print the text information displayed in step S 8 , the process of step S 10  is skipped. 
     In step S 11 , the user operates the input device  2  to designate the starting of guidance regarding the route searched for and selected. In step S 12 , the CPU  1  supplies the announcing device  11  with the route abstract (in text) prepared in step S 7 . The announcing device  11  converts the input abstract into voice that is output from the speaker. For example, if the user has designated a search for a route from his or her home to a particular golf course, the announcing device  11  may voice the name of the interchange through which to gain access to an expressway, the name of the expressway, and the name of the expressway through which to exit from the expressway. The announcement allows the user to know an outline of the selected route (i.e., route abstract). 
     Where a guide start input is effected by the user through the input device  2  in step S 11 , the input when accepted triggers the starting of route guidance. Arrangements may be made so that if a guide start input is not carried out within a predetermined period of time, guidance may be started anyway upon elapse of that period of time. 
     In step S 13 , the CPU  1  executes guide processing by controlling the relevant components. Specifically, the CPU  1  causes the position detecting module  12  to detect the current location, gets the disc drive  6  to read from the map disc  30  map data including the detected current location, and outputs the retrieved map data to the display device  9  via the VRAM  8  for display. At this point, the CPU  1  draws a mark pointing to the current location on the map displayed by the display device  9 . The marking allows the user illustratively to run the vehicle along the route. 
     In step S 14 , the CPU  1  checks to see if the current location has become the same as the intended destination. If the destination has yet to be reached, step S 15  is reached. In step S 15 , a check is made to see if an end to the guide processing is designated. If termination of the guidance has yet to be designated, step S 13  is reached again so that the guide processing will continue. If the current location is judged to be the same as the destination in step S 14 , or if the user is judged to have designated an end to the guide in step S 15  by operating the input device  2 , then the guide processing is terminated. 
     The pattern determining process of step S 5  in FIG. 2 will now be described in detail by referring to the flowcharts of FIGS. 4 and 5. Steps S 21  through S 24  take place as follows: the CPU  1  checks to see whether a toll road is included in the route searched for and selected in step S 4  (in step S 21 ), whether a national route is included (in step S 22 ), whether a main route is included (in step S 23 ), or whether an intersection is included (in step S 24 ). As shown in FIG. 6, the above checks determine which of several basic patterns the route in question belongs to: a pattern including a toll road (pattern 1), a pattern including a national route (pattern 2), a pattern including a toll road and a national route (pattern 3 or 4), a pattern including a national route and a main route (pattern 5 or 6), a pattern including a main route (pattern 7), or a pattern including an intersection alone (pattern 8). 
     If it is judged in step S 21  that the applicable pattern includes a toll road, step S 25  is reached. In step S 25 , a check is made to see if the length of the toll road amounts to at least 70 percent of the entire length of the route. If there are two or more toll roads, their lengths are totaled to make up the toll road length. If the length of the toll road is found to be at least 70 percent of the entire route length, the basic pattern is judged to be pattern 1, and step S 26  is reached. In step S 26 , a check is made to see if the number of toll roads is one, two, or at least three. If there is one toll road, step S 27  is reached in which the applicable pattern is judged to be pattern 1.1. If there are two toll roads, step S 28  is reached in which the applicable pattern is judged to be pattern 1.2. If there are at least three toll roads, step S 29  is reached in which the applicable pattern is judged to be pattern 1.3. 
     If in step S 25  the toll road length is found to be less than 70 percent of the entire route length, step S 30  is reached. In step S 30 , a check is made to see if a national route exists before or after the toll road. If there exits no national route before or after the toll road, step S 26  is reached in which the same process as that of pattern 1 is carried out. 
     If in step S 30  a national route is found to exist before or after the toll road, step S 31  is reached. In step S 31 , a check is made on the location of the national route, i.e., either before or after the toll road. 
     If in step S 31  the national route is found to exist before the toll road, the basic pattern is judged to be pattern 3 and step S 32  is reached. In step S 32 , a check is made to see if the number of toll roads is one, two, or at least three. If there is one toll road, step S 33  is reached in which the applicable pattern is judged to be pattern 3.1. If there are two toll roads, step S 34  is reached in which the applicable pattern is judged to be pattern 3.2. If there are at least three toll roads, step S 35  is reached in which the applicable pattern is judged to be pattern 3.3. 
     If in step S 31  the national route is found to exist after the toll road, the basic pattern is judged to be pattern 4 and step S 36  is reached. In step S 36 , a check is made to see if the number of toll roads is one, two, or at least three. If there is one toll road, step S 37  is reached in which the applicable pattern is judged to be pattern 4.1. If there are two toll roads, step S 38  is reached in which the applicable pattern is judged to be pattern 4.2. If there are at least three toll roads, step S 39  is reached in which the applicable pattern is judged to be pattern 4.3. 
     If in step S 21  no toll road is found to be included in the route, step S 22  is reached. In step S 22 , a check is made to see if the route includes a national route. If a national route is found to be included, step S 40  is reached. In step S 40 , a check is made to see if the length of the national route amounts to at least 70 percent of the entire length of the route (if there are two or more national routes, their lengths are totaled to make up the entire national route length). If the length of the national route is found to be at least 70 percent of the entire route length, the basic pattern is judged to be pattern 4 and step S 41  is reached. In step S 41 , a check is made to see if the number of national routes is one, two, or at least three. If there is one national route, step S 42  is reached in which the applicable pattern is judged to be pattern 2.1. If there are two national routes, step S 43  is reached in which the applicable pattern is judged to be pattern 2.2. If there are at least three national routes, step S 44  is reached in which the applicable pattern is judged to be pattern 2.3. 
     If in step S 40  the national route length is judged to be less than 70 percent of the entire route, step S 45  is reached. In step S 45 , a check is made to see if a main route is included in the selected route. If no main route is found to be included, the basic pattern is judged to be pattern 2 and step S 41  is reached in which the same process as that described above is repeated. 
     If in step S 45  a main route is judged to exist before or after the national route, step S 46  is reached. In step S 46 , a check is made to see whether the main route is located before or after the national route, If the main route is found to be located before the national route, the basic pattern is judged to be pattern 5 and step S 47  is reached. In step S 47 , a check is made on the number of national routes. If there is one national route, step S 48  is reached in which the applicable pattern is judged to be pattern 5.1. If there are two national routes, step S 49  is reached in which the applicable pattern is judged to be pattern 5.2. If there are at least three national routes, step S 50  is reached in which the applicable pattern is judged to be pattern 5.3. 
     If in step S 46  the main route is found to exist after the national route, step S 51  is reached. In step S 51 , a check is made on the number of national routes. If there is one national route, the basic pattern is judged to be pattern 6 and step S 52  is reached. In step S 52 , the applicable pattern is judged to be pattern 6.1. If there are two national routes, step S 53  is reached in which the applicable pattern is judged to be pattern 6.2. If there are at least three national routes, step S 54  is reached in which the applicable pattern is judged to be pattern 6.3. 
     If in step S 22  no national route is found to be included in the selected route, step S 23  is reached. In step S 23 , a check is made to see if the route includes a main route. If a main route is found to be included, the basic pattern is judged to be pattern 7 and step S 55  is reached. In step S 55 , a check is made to see if the number of main routes is one, two or at least three. If there is one main route, step S 56  is reached in which the applicable pattern is judged to be pattern 7.1. If there are two main routes, step S 57  is reached in which the applicable pattern is judged to be pattern 7.2. If there are at least three main routes, step S 58  is reached in which the applicable pattern is judged to be pattern 7.3. 
     If in step S 23  no main route is found to be included in the route, step S 24  is reached. In step S 24 , a check is made to see if an intersection is included in the selected route. If an intersection is found to be included in the route, the basic pattern is judged to be pattern 8 and step S 59  is reached. In step S 59 , a check is made to see on the number of intersections. If there is one intersection, step S 60  is reached in which the applicable pattern is judged to be pattern 8.1. If there are two intersections, step S 61  is reached in which the applicable pattern is judged to be pattern 8.2. 
     If in step S 24  no intersection is found to be included in the route, step S 62  is reached in which no applicable pattern is judged to exist. In that case, there is no template and no abstract of the route is output. 
     When the pattern of the selected route is determined as described above, an abstract applicable to that pattern is prepared in step S 7 . Abstract templates listed in FIGS. 7 through 10 are used in preparing the applicable abstract. 
     Illustratively, as shown in FIG. 7, pattern 1.1 is matched with the template “THIS ROUTE WILL TAKE YOU FROM (INTERSECTION NAME) ON TO (ROAD NAME) AND OFF AT (EXIT NAME)” which is stored beforehand on the hard disc  3 . In the information extracting process of step S 6  in FIG. 2, “Yoga” intersection may be extracted as the intersection name, Metropolitan Expressway No. 3 “Shibuya” route as the road name, and “Shibuya” exit as the exit name. The extracted information is applied to the template in question so that in step S 7 , an abstract “THIS ROUTE WILL TAKE YOU FROM “YOGA” INTERSECTION ON TO METROPOLITAN EXPRESSWAY NO. 3 “SHIBUYA” ROUTE AND OFF AT “SHIBUYA” EXIT” is prepared. 
     For pattern 1.2, there is provided a template “THIS ROUTE WILL TAKE YOU FROM (INTERSECTION NAME) ON TO (ROAD NAME) AND OFF (ROAD NAME) AT (EXIT NAME).” Illustratively, “Shibuya” intersection may be extracted as the intersection name, Metropolitan Expressway No. 3 “Shibuya” route as the name of the road to gain access to, the Metropolitan Express Beltway as the name of the road to exit from, and “Shiba-koen” exit as the intersection through which to leave the exit road. The extracted information is used to prepare an abstract “THIS ROUTE WILL TAKE YOU FROM “SHIBUYA” INTERSECTION ON TO METROPOLITAN EXPRESSWAY NO. 3 “SHIBUYA” ROUTE AND OFF THE METROPOLITAN EXPRESS BELTWAY AT “SHIBA-KOEN” EXIT.” 
     Abstracts of other patterns, although not described further, are prepared likewise as shown in FIGS.  7  through  10 . The extracted information is applied to suitable templates that were provided previously. 
     FIGS. 11 and 12 depict other typical pattern determining processes of step S 5  in FIG.  2 . The two figures include steps S 81  through S 134  that are basically the same as steps S 21  through S 62  shown in FIGS. 4 and 5. The difference is that the basic pattern 1 comprises patterns 1.4 and 1.5 in addition to patterns 1.1 through 1.3; that the basic pattern 3 includes patterns 3.4 and 3.5 besides patterns 3.1 through 3.3; and that the basic pattern 4 has patterns 4.4 and 4.5 along with patterns 4.1 through 4.3. 
     If in step S 86  the number of toll roads is found to be two, step S 88  is reached in which a check is made to see if the two toll roads are connected. If the two toll roads are found to be connected, step S 89  is reached in which the applicable pattern is judged to be pattern 1.2. If the two toll roads are not connected, step S 90  is reached in which a check is made to see if there is a national route between the two toll roads. If the road between the two toll roads is not a national road, step S 91  is reached in which the applicable pattern is judged to be pattern 1.4. If a national round is found to exist between the two toll roads, step S 92  is reached in which the applicable pattern is judged to be pattern 1.5. 
     If in step S 96  the number of toll roads is judged to be two, step S 98  is reached in which a check is made to see if the two toll roads are connected. If the two toll roads are found to be connected, step S 99  is reached in which the applicable pattern is judged to be pattern 3.2. If the two toll roads are not connected, step S 100  is reached in which a check is made to see if there is a national route between the two toll roads. If the road between the two toll roads is not a national route, step S 101  is reached in which the applicable pattern is judged to be pattern 3.4. If a national route is found to exist between the two toll roads, step S 102  is reached in which the applicable pattern is judged to be 3.5. 
     If in step S 104  the number of toll roads is judged to be two, step S 106  is reached in which a check is made to see if the two toll roads are connected. If the two toll roads are found to be connected, step S 107  is reached in which the applicable pattern is judged to be pattern 4.2. If the two toll roads are not connected, step S 108  is reached in which a check is made to see if there is a national route between the two toll roads. If the road between the two toll roads is not a national route, step S 109  is reached in which the applicable pattern is judged to be pattern 4.4. If a national route is found to exist between the two toll roads, step S 110  is reached in which the applicable pattern is judged to be 4.5. 
     The other pattern determining steps are the same as those depicted in FIGS. 4 and 5 and thus will not be described further. 
     Examples of templates applicable to the processes in FIGS. 11 and 12 are listed in FIGS. 13 through 20. For pattern 1.4, as shown in FIG. 13, the template applied to pattern 1.2 is utilized. For pattern 1.5, the template applied to pattern 1.3 is employed. 
     For pattern 3.4, as depicted in FIG. 15, the template applied to pattern 3.2 is utilized. For pattern 3.5, the template applied to pattern 3.3 is used. 
     For pattern 4.4, as indicated in FIG. 16, the template applied to pattern 4.2 is employed. For pattern 4.5, the template applied to pattern 4.3 is utilized. 
     In FIGS. 13 through 20, a circle (∘) denotes the presence of an applicable name. A cross (×) either represents the absence of appropriate data or indicates that the name is not stored. A dash (−) shows that the object in question is indefinite. 
     For pattern 1.1, there may be illustratively a case in which there exist names for the road to take, the intersection to enter, and the intersection to exit from. In that case, there is provided an abstract “THIS ROUTE WILL TAKE YOU FROM (INTERSECTION NAME) ON TO (ROAD NAME) AND OFF AT (EXIT NAME).” If the name of the intersection to exit from does not exist, an abstract “THIS ROUTE WILL TAKE YOU FROM (INTERSECTION NAME) ON TO (ROAD NAME)” is prepared. If the name of the intersection to enter does not exist, there is provided an abstract “THIS ROUTE WILL TAKE YOU ON TO (ROAD NAME) AND OFF AT (EXIT NAME).” If there is only the name of the road to take and there exist no names for intersections to enter and to exit from, then there is provided an abstract “THIS ROUTE WILL TAKE YOU THROUGH (ROAD NAME).” If there is no name for the road to take, then no toll road is considered to exist, and processing is carried out accordingly. 
     For pattern 1.3, there may be illustratively a case in which there are names for the road to take, the road to exit from, the intersection to enter, the intersection to exit from, and the road to pass through. In that case, there is provided an abstract “THIS ROUTE WILL TAKE YOU FROM (INTERSECTION NAME) ON TO (ROAD NAME), THROUGH (ROAD NAME), AND OFF (ROAD NAME) AT (EXIT NAME).” 
     It should be noted that “the road to pass through” is the longest road other than the first or the last road to take. 
     In the example above, the suitable abstract is prepared (but not described in specific terms) by selecting one of the previously provided templates depending on the existence of data about the road to take, the road to exit from, the intersection to enter, the intersection to exit from, and the road to pass through. 
     A computer program designed to perform the above-described processes may be offered to users by use of such storage media as magnetic discs, CD-ROMs and solid-state memory, as well as through communication media such as wired networks and satellite links. 
     The above-described inventive navigation apparatus, navigation method, and medium for providing the method allow extracted information to be applied to predetermined patterns to prepare and output abstracts of routes searched for and selected with regard to destinations. This makes it possible for the user to know an outline of a specifically selected route in a rapid and reliable manner without resorting to complicated manipulations. The user is then able to determine whether a suitable route to the intended destination has been selected. If necessary, the user may reject the selected route and initiate another search for a better route to the destination in question. 
     As many apparently different embodiments of this invention may be made without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments thereof except as defined in the appended claims.