Abstract:
The present invention provides an integrated system of full optical complete bridge safety monitoring with speech warming for smart phones. The Integrated system of full optical complete bridge safety monitoring includes a stabilizing device, optical sensing device and communication device. The basic structure involves cable and optical fiber connecting two ends and joined by heat shrink tubes. A measuring segment is located between two heat shrink tubes. The stabilizing device provides a pre-determined tensile strength to the measuring segment. The optical fiber sensing device detects a response via a Fiber Bragg grating in the optical fiber&#39;s measuring segment. When the measuring segment receives a response, it changes from first phase to second phase and creates a signal change from the reflected signals. Signal processing device converts the signal changes to physical parameters. The communication device sends warning signals to users. Warning signals are sent to users&#39; smart phones, to proactively inform the bridge&#39;s safety status with speeches.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of Invention 
     The present invention relates to an integrated system of full optical complete bridge safety monitoring with smart phone speech warning function. It is particularly relating to an integrated system of full optical complete bridge safety monitoring that is equipped with Fiber Bragg grating and communication device. The system is used to measure bridge structure in real time and send warning signals to user ends via communication device instantly. Warning signals are then sent to the user&#39;s mobile phone and to notify the user the latest status of bridge safety. 
     2. Description of Prior Art 
     Public Infrastructure is essential to people&#39;s lives and properties. Constructions of infrastructure facilities such as bridges, roads, tunnels, reservoirs, and harbors, are reaching saturation. The development and management of infrastructure are shifting from construction to maintenance. On the other hand, conservation of water and soil was not prioritized in early years. Frequent natural disasters such as typhoon and earth quacks are adding to the instability of aquatic and geographic environment. 
     Many newly-completed infrastructure facilities already have structural issues within their designed service years. On the other hand, service years of older infrastructures need to be extended due to economic considerations. Therefore real time monitoring systems are required to monitor such infrastructures&#39; conditions. Structures have to be under long term monitoring so that unforeseen safety issues can be discovered in time. Therefore appropriate repairs or maintenances can be carried out before the loss of lives and properties is incurred due to structural damages to infrastructures. 
     The emphasis of structural monitoring is gradually shifting from the construction stage to the operation stage. Remote and real-time monitoring can effectively reduce costs and enhance early warming functions. It helps in prioritizing budget allocation in maintenance, repair and replacement. It is an essential measure for building a management system for infrastructure safety. 
     New developments, such as the high speed railway and other important constructions, require a higher structural standard of quality, safety and service years than average infrastructure developments. Therefore a monitoring system plays an important role to ensure their safety and service functions. 
     The present invention is to provide an economical and efficient measuring technique which helps bridge management to execute routine checks. Bridge safeties are monitored in real time during earthquakes or floods. Should incidents occur, warnings are given instantly to provide road users protection and disaster management. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention is to provide an integrated system of full optical complete bridge safety monitoring with smart phone speech warning function and its detecting method. It is particularly related to an integrated system of full optical complete bridge safety monitoring which is equipped with Fiber Bragg grating and communication device. It can be used to measure a bridge structure&#39;s altimeter, displacement meter, water level gauge, and wire vibration meter. It also sends warning signals to user ends via communication device as disaster management information. 
     In one exemplary embodiment, the present invention includes the following steps: (a) providing a stabilizing device, an optical fiber sensing device, an optical device, and a signal processing device; (b) providing an optical fiber, two heat shrinking tubes, a cable in said optical fiber sensing device, and providing at least one measuring device in at least one of the measuring segments in the optical fiber, wherein the two ends of said cable are connected to the two ends of said fiber using said heat shrinking tubes. One end of the said cable is connected to said stabilizing device, and the other end opposite to said stabilizing device is a securing end; (c) coupling said optical device to one end of said optical fiber sensing device, wherein said optical device emits an optical signal into said fiber, and said optical device receives a reflected signal from said measuring segment; (d) coupling said signal processing device to said optical device; (e) connecting said stabilizing device to one end of said optical sensing device to provide said measuring segment a pre-determined tensile strength so that the said measuring segment is maintained in the first status; (f) applying a force to said measuring segment, so that said measurement segment changes to the second status. Once said measuring segment is in the second status, the reflected signal generates a signal change; and (g) the said signal processing device converts said signal changes into physical parameters such as distance, vibrating frequency, water level, height variance, and weight. 
     The aforementioned assembly including heat shrinking tubes, optical fiber, Optical Bragg grating, and cable, are the core elements of the present invention. These core elements form altimeter, displacement meter, water level gauge, and wire vibration meter. 
     There is another purpose of present invention. The integrated system of full optical complete bridge monitoring also provides a communication device. Said communication device is connected to the signal processing device. When reflected signal generates a signal change, said signal processing device controls communication device and sends a warning signal. The said communication device delivers warning signals through a wired or wireless network. Said warning signals are sent to users in the form of SMS (Short Message Service), e-mails or voice mails. 
     The said optical sensing device with Optical Bragg grating is the measuring instrument for the bridge structure. It does not only act as various measuring devices, it also sends warning signals through communication device to the bridge caretaker in case of emergency. The caretaker is informed with the bridge&#39;s current condition and therefore he is able to make appropriate decisions immediately. The spreading of disaster is hence reduced. 
    
    
     
       DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1A  is a schematic illustration of an altimeter according to one embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 1B  is a schematic illustration of an integrated system of full optical complete bridge monitoring of the altimeter according to  FIG. 1A . 
         FIG. 1C  is a schematic illustration of an altimeter according to one embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 1D  is a schematic illustration of an integrated system of full optical complete bridge monitoring of the altimeter according to  FIG. 1C . 
         FIG. 2A  is a schematic illustration of an altimeter according to one embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 2B  is a schematic illustration of an altimeter according to one embodiment of present invention. 
         FIG. 3A  is a flow chart of the sensing method according to one embodiment of present invention. 
         FIG. 3B  is a schematic illustration of an altimeter installed between two piers of a bridge according to one embodiment of present invention. 
         FIG. 3C  is a schematic illustration of an altimeter installed between two piers of a bridge according to another embodiment of present invention. 
         FIG. 3D  is a schematic illustration applied in the expansion joint of a bridge according to one embodiment of present invention. 
         FIG. 3E  is a schematic illustration of an integrated system of full optical complete bridge monitoring with a smart phone speech warning according to one embodiment of present invention. 
         FIG. 4A  is a schematic illustration of a steel wire vibration monitoring according to one embodiment of present invention. 
         FIG. 4B  is a schematic illustration of a steel wire vibration sensing device attached to a steel wire according to  FIG. 4A . 
         FIG. 4C  is a schematic illustration of a steel wire vibration sensing device installed in a cable stayed bridge of  FIG. 4A . 
         FIG. 4D  is a vibration frequency diagram generated by a steel wire vibration sensing device according to  4 A. 
         FIG. 5  is a schematic illustration of a displacement meter according to one embodiment of present invention. 
         FIG. 6A  is a schematic illustration of a water level gauge according to one embodiment of present invention. 
         FIG. 6B  is a schematic illustration of a water level gauge of  FIG. 6A  installed on a bridge. 
         FIG. 6C  is a wavelength diagram generated by the water level gauge of  FIG. 6A . 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     Various embodiments and aspects of present invention will be described in more details with reference to figures. The figures are used to illustrate various exemplary embodiments, but not to restrict the scope of present invention. 
       FIG. 1  is a schematic illustration of an altimeter according to one embodiment of the present invention. As shown in  FIG. 1 , the altimeter  100  includes the first acrylic tube  102  and the second acrylic tube  104 . The first leveling pipe  152  connects the first acrylic tube  102  and the second acrylic tube  104  is filled with liquid. The liquid in the first acrylic tube  102  is at the same level as the liquid in the second acrylic tube  104  according to the connected pipes principle. Referring to  FIG. 1 , the first integrated system of full optical complete bridge monitoring  112  and the second integrated system of full optical complete bridge monitoring  114  are respectively installed in the first acrylic tube  102  and the second acrylic tube  104 . One end of the first integrated system of full optical complete bridge monitoring  112  is coupled with the first securing end  122 , and the other end floats in the liquid through the first stabilizing device  1120 . The first securing end  122  corresponds to the first heat shrinking tube  11230  of the first stabilizing device  1120 . The first integrated system of full optical complete bridge monitoring  112  is secured in the first acrylic tube  102  using the first heat shrinking tube  11230 . In this embodiment, the first stabilizing device  1120  is a Styrofoam cylinder. The round iron block  1121  below is connected to the first stabilizing device  1120 , so that the round iron block  1121  provides a downward gravity to the first stabilizing device  1120 . One end of the second integrated system of full optical complete bridge monitoring  114  is connected to the second securing end. The other end floats in the liquid through the second stabilizing device  1140 . 
     The second securing end  124  corresponds to the second heat shrinking tube  11430  of the second stabilizing device  1140 . The second integrated system of full optical complete bridge monitoring  114  is secured in the second acrylic tube  104  using the second heat shrinking tube  11430 . In this embodiment, the second stabilizing device  1140  is a Styrofoam cylinder. The round metal plate  1141  below is connected to the second stabilizing device  1140 , so that the round iron block  1141  provides a downward gravity to the second stabilizing device  1140 . 
     In this embodiment, the first stabilizing device  1120  and the second stabilizing device  1140  are floating devices or Styrofoam. The other end of the first stabilizing device  1120  is connected to the first cable  11228  of the first optical sensing device  1122 . The first cable is a carbon fiber line in this embodiment. The other end of the second stabilizing device  1140  is connected to the second cable  11428  of the second optical fiber sensing device  1142 . The second cable is a carbon fiber line in this embodiment. The buoyant force of the first stabilizing device  1120  provides a pre-determined tensile strength to the first optical fiber sensing device  1122 , so that the first measuring segment  11222  is maintained in the first status. Similarly, one end of the second integrated system of full optical complete bridge monitoring  114  is connected to the second securing end  124 . The other end floats in the liquid using the second stabilizing device  1140 . The buoyant force of the second stabilizing device  1140  provides a pre-determined tensile strength to the second fiber sensing device  1142 , so that the second measuring segment  11422  is maintained in the first status. 
     In this embodiment, altimeter  100  comprises of two acrylic tubes and two sets integrated system of full optical fiber complete bridge monitoring. However, altimeter  100  might comprise other numbers of acrylic tubes and integrated system of full optical complete bridge monitoring. For example, three acrylic tubes and three sets of integrated system of full optical complete bridge monitoring systems. The numbers can vary and are not limited to those described in the examples. It should be noted that the combination of quantities for acrylic tubes used for altimeters and integrated system of full optical complete bridge monitoring depends on the length of the bridge structure. 
       FIG. 1B  illustrates the first integrated system of full optical fiber complete bridge monitoring  112  according to the altimeter  100  in  FIG. 1A . The first integrated system of full optical complete bridge monitoring  112  includes: the first stabilizing device  1120 , the first fiber sensing device  1122 , the first optical device  1124 , and the first signal processing device  1126 . The first optical fiber sensing device  1122  comprises: the first optical fiber  11220 , the first measuring segment  11222 , the first measuring device  11224 , the first piping device  11226 , the first cable  11228 , and two first heat shrinking tubes  11230 . The first heat shrinking tube  11230  contracts when heated. Two ends of the first cable  11228  are respectively coupled to two ends of the first optical fiber  11220  through the first heat shrinking tubes  11230 . The first measuring segment  11222  is in the first optical fiber  11220 , and is located between the two first heat shrinking tubes  11230 . The first measuring device  11224  is located in the first measuring segment  11222  of the first optical fiber  11220 . 
     The first piping device  11226  covers the first optical fiber  11220  and the first measuring segment  11222  to protect the first optical fiber  11220  and the first measuring segment  11222 . One end of the first measuring segment  11222  is coupled with the first stabilizing device  1120 . In this embodiment, the first measuring device  11224  is an Optical Bragg grating. The first optical device  1124  is located in one end of the first optical fiber sensing device  1122 . The first optical device  1124  emits an optical signal S 1  into the first optical fiber  11220 , and the optical signal S 1  is reflected by the first measuring segment  11222  to generate a reflected signal S 2 . The first optical device  1124  receives the reflected signal S 2 . The optical signal S 1  is a wideband optical signal. When the optical signal S 1  has a specific wavelength that satisfies Optical Bragg grating condition while passing through the first measuring device  11224 , it is reflected to the first optical device  1124  and hence become the reflected signal S 2 . The first signal processing device  1126  is coupled with the first optical device  1124 . The first optical device  1124  and the first signal processing device  1126  are coupled with the first optical fiber sensing device  1122  through the first coupler  1129 . The first stabilizing device  1120  is coupled with the first optical fiber sensing device  1122  to provide a pre-determined tensile strength to the first measuring segment  11222  so that the first measuring segment  11222  is maintained in the first status. The first piping device  11226  is used to transmit a change to the first measuring segment  11222  of the first optical fiber sensing device  1122 . 
     When the force applied to the first measuring segment  11222  is changed, the first measuring segment changes from the first status to the second status due to the change in applied tensile force. The reflected signal S 2  generates a signal change. The first signal processing device  1126  converts the signal change into a physical parameter. The first signal processing device  1126  transmits a warning signal Sw to a user U 1  when the reflected signal S 2  generates a signal change. It should be noted that  FIG. 1B  illustrates the first integrated system of full optical complete bridge monitoring  112  as an example. The structure and operation principle are the same for the second integrated system of full optical complete bridge monitoring  114 . 
     Please refer to  FIGS. 1A ,  1 B, and  2 A.  FIG. 2A  is a schematic illustration of an altimeter according to one embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the altimeter  100  is the same as the altimeter  100  in  FIG. 1 .  FIG. 2A  illustrates an embodiment where the acrylic tube  102  of the altimeter  100  sinks. When the first acrylic tube  102  sinks, the first securing end sinks with it. The first heat shrinking tube  11230  prompts the first optical fiber sensing device  1122  to move. 
     Eventually, the buoyant force of the first stabilizing device  1120  of the first integrated system of full optical complete bridge monitoring system  112  is changed by the conduction of the first cable  11228 . Hence the first integrated system of full optical complete bridge monitoring  112  is able to detect the occurrence of the sinking event. In this embodiment, the first stabilizing device  1120  and the second stabilizing device  1140  are floating devices or Styrofoam. 
     The first acrylic tube  102  and the second acrylic tube  104  are connected by the first leveling pipe  152 . The liquid level in the first acrylic tube  102  is the same as the liquid level in the second acrylic tube  104 .  FIG. 3B  is a schematic illustration of an altimeter being installed between two piers of a bridge. The first acrylic tube  102  and the second acrylic tube  104  are installed on the bridge piers  340  and  342  respectively. The bridge piers  340  and  342  are on the same horizontal level under normal conditions. Therefore the liquid level in the first acrylic tube  102  and the second acrylic tube  104  is on the same horizontal level. 
     The first stabilizing device  1120  has a stronger buoyant force when its immersed volume is higher and the depth is deeper. It subsequently changes the tensile strength of the first cable  11228  of the first optical fiber sensing device  112 . The first measuring segment  11222  of the optical fiber  11220  changes from the first status to the second status. The first optical device  1124  emits an optical signal S 1  into the first measuring device  11224  (which is an Optical Bragg Grating) of the first optical fiber  11220 . Reflected signal S 2 , which is a reflection of optical signal S 1 , generates a signal change because the first measuring segment  11222  changes from the first status to the second status. The first signal processing device  1126  converts such signal change to a physical parameter, which is the value of the height being dropped. It also informs the users and achieves the purpose of real time monitoring and early warning. 
       FIG. 3C  is a schematic illustration of an altimeter which is installed between two piers of a bridge according to another embodiment. In practice, when the pier  340  sinks, the first acrylic tube  102  also sinks as shown in  FIG. 3C . Therefore, the first integrated system of full optical complete bridge monitoring  112  receives a downward tensile force. The first optical fiber sensing device  1122  is also pulled downwards. As a result, the first stabilizing device  1120  also pulls the first optical fiber sensing device  1122 . 
     Please refer to  FIG. 1C ,  1 D, where  FIG. 1C  is a schematic illustration of an altimeter  100  according to one embodiment of the present invention.  FIG. 1D  is a schematic illustration of the integrated system of full optical fiber complete bridge monitoring  112  of the altimeter according to  FIG. 1C . The altimeter  100  includes the first acrylic tube  102  and the second acrylic tube  104 . The first leveling pipe  152  connects the first acrylic tube  102  and the second acrylic tube  104 . The liquid level in the first acrylic tube  102  is the same as the liquid level in the second acrylic tube  104  according to the connected pipes principle. The first integrated system of full optical complete bridge monitoring  112  is in the first acrylic tube  102 , and the second integrated system of full optical complete monitoring system  114  is in the second acrylic tube  104 . 
     As illustrated, one end of the first integrated system of full optical complete bridge monitoring  112  is connected to the first securing end  122 . The other end floats in liquid through the first stabilizing device  1120 . As opposite to the first heat shrinking tube  11230  of the first stabilizing device  1120  is the first securing end  122 . The first integrated system of full optical complete bridge monitoring  112  is fixed onto the first acrylic plastic tube  102  using the first heat shrinking tube  11230 . The first integrated system of full optical complete bridge monitoring  112  floats in the liquid through the first stabilizing device  1120 . In this embodiment, the first stabilizing device  1120  is an Styrofoam cylinder. The round metal block  1121  is below and connected to the first stabilizing device  1120 , so that the round metal  1121  provides a downwards gravity to the first stabilizing device  1120 . 
     One end of the second integrated system of full optical complete bridge monitoring  114  is connected to the second securing end  122 . The other end floats in liquid through second stabilizing device  1140 . The second heat shrinking tube  11430  of the second stabilizing device  1140  corresponds to the second securing end  124 . In this embodiment, the second stabilizing device  1140  is a Styrofoam cylinder. The round metal block  1141  is below and connected to the second stabilizing device  1140 , so that the round metal block  1141  provides a downwards gravity to the second stabilizing device  1140 . 
     In this embodiment, the first stabilizing device  1120  and the second stabilizing device  1140  are floating devices or Styrofoam. The other end of the first stabilizing device  1120  is connected to the first cable  11228  of the first optical fiber sensing device  1122 . The first cable  11228  is a carbon fiber line. The other end of the second stabilizing device  1140  is connected to the second cable  11428  of the second optical fiber sensing device  1142 . The second cable  11428  is a carbon fiber line. The buoyant force of the first stabilizing device  1120  provides a pre-determined tensile strength to the first fiber sensing device  1122 , so that the first measuring segment  11222  is maintained in a first state. Similarly, the other end of the second stabilizing device  1140  is connected to the second securing end  124 . The other end floats in liquid through the second stabilizing device  1140 . The buoyant force of the second stabilizing device  1140  provides a pre-determined tensile force to the second optical fiber sensing device  1142 , so that the second measuring segment  11422  is maintained in the first status. 
     In this embodiment, the altimeter  100  includes two acrylic tubes and two sets of integrated system of full optical complete bridge monitoring. However, the altimeter may include other numbers of acrylic tubes and integrated system of full optical fiber complete monitoring. For example, three acrylic tubes and three sets of integrated systems of full optical fiber monitoring. The combination and numbers are used to describe the embodiment, but not in the sense of limiting. It should be noted that the combination and numbers of acrylic tubes and integrated systems of full optical compete bridge monitoring used in the altimeter depend on the length of bridge structure. 
     Referring to  FIG. 1D , the first integrated system of full optical complete bridge monitoring system  112  includes: the first stabilizing device  1120 , the first optical fiber sensing device  1122 , the first optical device  1124 , and the first signal processing device  1126 . The first optical fiber sensing device  1122  comprises: the first optical fiber  11220 , the first measuring segment  11222 , the first measuring device  11224 , the first piping device  11226 , the first cable  11228 , and two first heat shrinking tubes  11230 . The first heat shrinking tube  11230  contracts when heated. Two ends of the first cable  11228  are connected to two ends of the first optical fiber  11220  through the first heat shrinking tubes  11230  respectively. The first measuring segment  11222  is in the first optical fiber  11220  and located between the two first heat shrinking tubes  11230 . The first measuring device  11224  is located in the first measuring segment  11222  of the first optical fiber  11220 . 
     The first piping device  11226  covers the first optical fiber  11220  and the first measuring segment  11222  to protect the first optical fiber  11220  and the first measuring segment  11222 . One end of the first measuring segment  11222  is coupled with the first stabilizing device  1120 . In this embodiment, the first measuring device  11224  is an Optical Bragg Grating. 
     The first optical device  1124  is installed in one end of the first optical fiber sensing device  1122 . The first optical device  1124  emits an optical signal S 1  into the first optical fiber  11220 . The optical signal S 1  is reflected by the first measuring segment  11222  to generate a reflected signal S 2 . The first optical device  1124  receives the reflected signal S 2 . The optical signal S 1  is a wideband optical signal. When the optical signal S 1  has the specific wavelength that satisfies the Optical Bragg grating condition while passing through the first measuring device  11224 , it is reflected to the first optical device  1124  and hence become the reflected signal S 2 . 
     The first signal processing device  1126  is coupled with the first optical device  1124 . The first optical device  1124  and the first signal processing device  1126  are coupled to the first optical fiber sensing device  1122  through the first coupler  1129 . The first stabilizing device  1120  is coupled with the first optical fiber sensing device  1122  to provide a pre-determined tensile strength to the first measuring segment  11222  so that the first measuring segment  11222  is maintained in the first status. The first piping device  11226  is used to transmit a change to the first measurement segment  11222  of the first optical fiber sensing device  1122 . 
     When the force applied to the first measuring segment  11222  changes, the first measuring segment  11222  changes from the first status to the second status due to the change in the tensile strength. The reflected signal S 2  generates a signal change. Subsequently, the first signal processing device  1126  transforms the reflected signal S 2  into a physical parameter. The first signal processing device  1126  transmits a warning signal Sw to a user U 1  when the reflected signal S 2  changes. It should be noted that  FIG. 1D  only illustrates the first integrated system of full optical complete bridge monitoring  112  as an example. The structure and operation principle are the same for the second integrated system of full optical fiber complete bridge monitoring system  114 . 
     Please refer to  FIGS. 1C ,  1 D, and  2 B.  FIG. 2B  is a schematic illustration of an altimeter according to another embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the altimeter  100  is the same as the altimeter  100  in the  FIG. 1C .  FIG. 2B  illustrates that the first acrylic tube  102  of the altimeter  100  sinks. The first securing end  122  sinks when the first acrylic tube  102  sinks. At the same time, the first heat shrinking tube  11230  prompts the first fiber sensing device  1122  to move. Eventually, the buoyant force of the first stabilizing device  1120  of the first integrated system of full optical complete bridge monitoring  112  is changed by the conduction of the first cable  11228 . The first integrated system of full optical complete bridge monitoring  112  detects the sinking event. The first stabilizing device  1120  and the second stabilizing device  1140  are floating devices or Styrofoam in this embodiment. 
     The first acrylic tube  102  and the second acrylic tube  104  are connected by the first leveling pipe  152 . The liquid level in the first acrylic tube  102  is the same as the liquid level in the second acrylic tube  104 .  FIG. 3B  is a schematic illustration of an altimeter installed between two piers of a bridge. The first acrylic tube  102  and the second acrylic tube  104  are installed on the bridge piers  340  and  342  respectively. The bridge piers  340  and  342  are at the same horizontal level under normal conditions. The liquid level in the first acrylic tube  102  and the second acrylic tube  104  are at the same level. The first stabilizing device  1120  has a stronger buoyant force when its immersed volume is higher and the depth is deeper. It subsequently changes the tensile strength of the first cable  11228  of the first optical fiber sensing device  112 . The first measuring segment  11222  of the optical fiber  11220  changes from the first status to the second status. The first optical device  1124  emits an optical signal S 1  into the first measuring device  11224  (which is an Optical Bragg Grating) of the first optical fiber  11220 . Reflected signal S 2 , which is a reflection of optical signal S 1 , generates a signal change because the first measuring segment  11222  changes from the first status to the second status. The first signal processing device  1126  converts such signal change to a physical parameter, which is the value of the height being dropped. It also informs the users and achieves the purpose of real time monitoring and early warning. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 1C ,  1 D, and  2 B, the first integrated system of full optical complete bridge monitoring  1120  includes the first communication device  1128 . The first communication device  1128  is coupled with the first signal processing device  1126 . The first signal processing device  1126  transmits a warning signal Sw to a user U 1  through the first communication device  1128  when the reflected signal S 2  changes. The warning signal Sw is transmitted to a user in the form of SMS (Short Messages Service), e-mails or voice messages. 
       FIG. 3E  is a schematic illustration of another embodiment of the present invention, an integrated system of full optical complete bridge monitoring with smart phone speech warning function. Referring to  FIG. 3E , the first communication device  1128  sends a warning signal Sw to the cell phone U 11  of the bridge caretaker U 1  via a network. At the same time, the first communication device  1128  also activates a warning device  350  such as a warning light, alarm, or warning voice to alert road users. 
     The present invention also provides a detecting method as shown in  FIG. 3A . 
     Referring to  FIG. 1A ,  1 B,  2 , the detecting method includes the following: 
     In step  304 , the first optical fiber sensing device  1122 , the second optical fiber sensing device  1142 , the first optical fiber  11220 , the second optical fiber  11420 , the first optical device  1124 , the second optical device  1144 , the first signal processing device  1126 , the second signal processing device  1146 , the first stabilizing device  1120 , and a second stabilizing device  1140  are provided. 
     As shown in  FIGS. 1A and 1B , the altimeter  100  includes the first acrylic tube  102  and the second acrylic tube  104 . The first acrylic tube  102  and the second acrylic tube  104  are connected by the first leveling pipe  152 . Therefore the liquid level in the first acrylic tube  102  is the same as the liquid level in the second acrylic tube  104  when the two acrylic tubes are at the same horizontal level. The first stabilizing device  1120  and the second stabilizing device  1140  are of the same volume and material. 
     Therefore, the first stabilizing device  1120  and the second stabilizing device  1140  are both at the same horizontal level. In practice,  FIG. 3B  is a schematic illustration of an embodiment of the present invention where an altimeter is installed between two piers of a bridge. The first acrylic tube  102  and the second acrylic tube  104  are installed on the bridge piers  340  and  342  respectively. The bridge piers  340  and  342  are installed at the same horizontal level. The liquid level in the first acrylic tube  102  and the second acrylic tube  104  are at the same level. 
     In step  306 , the first measuring device  11224  in the first measuring segment  11222  of the first optical fiber  11220  is assembled. The second measuring device  11424  in the second measuring segment  11422  of the second optical fiber  11420  is assembled. As shown in  FIG. 1A , the first measuring device  11224  and the second measuring segment  11422  are Optical Bragg grating. The first optical fiber  11220 , two first heat shrinking tubes  11230  and the first cable  11228  are provided in the first optical fiber sensing device  1122 . Two ends of the first cable  11228  are connected to the two ends of the first optical fiber  11220  respectively through the first heat shrinking tubes  11230 . The first measuring segment  11222  is located between the two first heat shrinking tubes  11230 . One end of the first cable  11228  is coupled with the first stabilizing device  1120 . One end of the first integrated system of full optical complete bridge monitoring  112  floats in the liquid through the first stabilizing device  1120 . The first securing end  122  corresponds to the first heat shrinking tube  11230  of the first stabilizing device  1120 . The first integrated system of full optical complete bridge monitoring  112  is fixed in the first acrylic tube  102  using the first heat shrinking tube  11230 . 
     The second optical fiber  11420 , two second heat shrinking tubes  11430  and the second cable  11428  are provided in the second optical fiber sensing device  1142 . Two ends of the second cable  11428  are connected to the two ends of the second optical fiber  11420  respectively through the second heat shrinking tubes  11430 . The second measuring segment  11422  is located between the two second heat shrinking tubes  11430 . One end of the second cable  11428  is coupled with the second stabilizing device  1140 . One end of the second integrated system of full optical complete bridge monitoring  114  floats in the liquid through the second stabilizing device  1140 . The second securing end  124  corresponds to the second heat shrinking tube  11430  of the second stabilizing device  1140 . The second integrated system of full optical complete bridge monitoring  114  is fixed in the second acrylic tube  104  by the second heat shrinking tube  11430 . 
     In this embodiment, it further provides a first piping device  11226  and a second piping device  11426 . In step  318 , the first piping device  11226  covers the first optical fiber  11220  and the first measuring segment  11222  to protect the first optical fiber  11220  and the first measuring segment  11222 . The first piping device  11226  is used to transmit a change to the first measuring segment  11222  of the first optical fiber sensing device  1122  when the force is applied to the first measuring segment  11222 . The second piping device  11426  covers the second optical fiber  11420  and the second measuring segment  11422  to protect the second optical fiber  11420  and the second measuring segment  11422 . The second piping  11426  is used to transmit a change to the second measuring segment  11422  of the second optical fiber sensor  1142  when the change strain is applied to the second measuring segment  11422 . 
     In step  308 , the first optical device  1124  is coupled with one end of the first optical fiber sensing device  1122 . The first optical device  1124  emits an optical signal S 1  into the first optical fiber  11220 . The optical signal S 1  is reflected by the first measuring segment  11222  to generate a reflected signal S 2 . The first optical device  1124  receives the reflected signal S 2 . 
     In step  310 , the first signal processing device  1126  is coupled with the first optical device  1124 . The second signal processing device  1146  is coupled with the second optical device  1144 . In this embodiment, it further includes step  320  after the step  310 . In step  320 , the other end of the first optical fiber sensing device  1122  is coupled with the second optical fiber sensing device  1142 . 
     In step  312 , the first stabilizing device  1120  provides the first measuring segment  11222  a pre-determined tensile strength through the first optical fiber sensor  1122  so that the first measuring segment  11222  is maintained in the first status. 
     In step  314 , a change is applied to the first measuring segment  11222  and the first measuring segment  11222  changes to the second status. In this embodiment, the altimeter  100  is installed between two piers of a bridge, and is used to measure the variation of the height of the piers. In another embodiment, the force also changes the joint spacing of the expansion gap.  FIG. 3C  is a schematic illustration of an altimeter being installed between two piers of a bridge. When the bridge piers  340  sinks, the first acrylic tube  102  also sinks. Therefore the first integrated system of full optical complete bridge monitoring  112  is pulled by the tensile force. The first optical fiber sensing device  1122  is also pulled down, prompts the first stabilizing device  1120  to pull the first optical fiber sensing device  1122 . 
     The first leveling pipe  152  connects the first acrylic tube  102  and the second acrylic tube  104 . The liquid level in the first acrylic tube  102  is the same as the liquid level in the second acrylic tube  104 . The buoyant force of the first stabilizing device is greater when its immersed volume is higher and the level is deeper. The tensile strength of the first optical fiber sensor  1122  is changed. In the meantime, the first measuring segment  11222  changes from the first status to the second status. The first signal processing device  1126  converts the reflected signal S 2  into a physical parameter, in step  316 . 
     In step  322 , the first integrated system of full optical complete bridge monitoring  112  provides the first communication device  1128 . The first communication device  1128  is coupled with the first signal processing device  1126 . The first signal processing device  1126  controls the first communication device  1128  to transmit a warning signal Sw to the cell phone U 11  of the user end U 1  when the reflected signal S 2  changes. A voice message informs the safety status of the bridge. The first communication device  1128  sends the warning signal Sw through a wired or wireless network. It should be noted that the warning signal Sw is transmitted to the user in the form of SMS (Short Messages Service), e-mails or voice messages.  FIG. 3E  is a schematic illustration of the integrated system of full optical complete bridge monitoring with the smart phone speech warning function according to one embodiment of the present invention. Referring to  FIG. 3E , the first communication device  1128  transmits the warning signal Sw to the cell phone U 11  of the User U 1  through the network. The first communication device  1128  also turns on the warning device  350  such as a warning light, the alarm, or the warning voice, so as to warn the nearby road users. 
       FIG. 4A  is a schematic illustration of a steel wire vibration sensing device according to one embodiment of the present invention.  FIG. 4B  is a schematic illustration of a steel wire vibration sensing device of  FIG. 4A  hanging on a steel wire.  FIG. 4C  is a schematic illustration of a steel wire vibration sensing device installed on a cable stayed bridge. As illustrated, steel wire vibration monitoring device  412  is hung onto one of the steel wires on the cable stayed bridge where the vibration frequency is monitored. 
     In this embodiment, the structure of the wire vibration sensing device  412  is similar to the first integrated system of full optical complete bridge monitoring  112  of  FIG. 1B . The difference is that the first stabilizing device  1120  in  FIG. 1B  is a floating device or Styrofoam, but the stabilizing device  4120  in this embodiment is a Styrofoam cylinder. As shown in  FIG. 4A , the stabilizing device  4120  has the round metal block  4121  in water  450  as a weight. The round metal block receives gravity and it provides a pre-determined tensile force to the Optical Bragg grating  41224 , so that the Optical Bragg grating is maintained in the first status. The heat shrinking tube  41230  on top of the Optical Bragg grating  41224  is fixed on supporting plate  440 . Another heat shrinking tube  41230  under is connected to stabilizing device  4120  by the carbon fiber cable  41228 . In this embodiment, the steel wire vibration monitoring device  412  has a different stabilizing device  412 . The rest is the same as the integrated system of full optical complete bridge monitoring  112  of  FIG. 1B  and therefore details will not be discussed again. 
     The steel wire vibration monitoring device  412  hangs up on the wire  420  using a suspension wire  460 , as shown in  FIG. 4B . The wire vibration monitoring device  412  vibrates when the wire  420  is vibrating. Thus a change is provided to the Optical Bragg grating  41224  of the wire vibration monitoring device  412 . The Optical Bragg grating changes to second status and generates a signal change in reflected signal S 2  as shown in  FIG. 4A . Then, signal processing device converts such signal changes to physical parameters (the frequency). The frequency can be converted to the tension T of the steel wire  420  and the vibration of the steel wire  420  is monitored in real time. The vibration of any steel wire  420  of the bridge can be measured immediately as shown in  FIG. 4D . The above-mentioned tension is the tension of the wire, T, can be found using the following equation: 
     
       
         
           
             T 
             = 
             
               
                 
                   4 
                   ⁢ 
                   
                       
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   
                     WL 
                     2 
                   
                 
                 g 
               
               ⁢ 
               
                 f 
                 1 
                 2 
               
             
           
         
       
         
         
           
             where W: weight per unit length
           L: length of wire   g: gravity   f 1 : fundamental frequency of wire   
         
           
         
       
    
       FIG. 5  is a schematic illustration of a displacement meter according to one embodiment of the present invention. One end of the displacement meter  512  is coupled with point B through the wire  520  and the stabilizing device  5120 . The other end of the displacement meter  512  is coupled with the point A through the optical fiber  51220 . The displacement meter  512  is used to measure the displacements of the point A with respect to the point B. In this embodiment, the structure of the displacement meter  512  is similar to the first integrated system of full optical complete bridge monitoring  112  in  FIG. 1B . The difference between this embodiment and  FIG. 1B  is that the first stabilizing device  1120  in  FIG. 1B  is a floating device or a Styrofoam, but the stabilizing device  5120  in this embodiment is a buffering device or a spring. The pre-determined tensile force is provided to the measuring segment  51222  by the spring force of the stabilizing device  5120  so that the measuring segment  51222  is maintained in the first status. In this embodiment, the structure of the stabilizing device  5120  of the displacement meter  512  is different the rest is the same as the integrated system of full optical complete bridge monitoring system  112  in  FIG. 1B , and therefore details will not be discussed. 
     The measuring segment  51222  of the displacement meter  512  is being pulled when the displacement between point A and point B occurs. The reflected signal changes when a force is applied to the measuring segment  51222 . The measuring segment  51222  changes from the first status to the second status. The signal processing device converts the reflected signal S 2  into a physical parameter. In this embodiment, the physical parameter is the amount of displacement so as to monitor the expansion joint  348 . The measuring segment  51222  of the displacement meter  512  is being pulled and a change is generated when the expansion joint  348  is increased, as shown in  FIG. 3D . 
       FIG. 6A  is a schematic illustration of a water level gauge according to one embodiment of the present invention.  FIG. 6B  is a schematic illustration of a water level gauge of  FIG. 6A  arranging on the bridge. The water level gauge  612  includes a stabilizing device  6120 , an optical fiber  61220 , a suspension wire  620 , a measuring segment  61222 , and a probe  650 . The measuring segment  61222  includes an Optical Bragg grating  61224 . The measuring segment  61222  adheres to the probe  650 . The suspension wire  620  hangs downward on the guard rail  660  of the bridge. The measuring segment  61222  is stabilized by the stabilizing device  6120  with the gravity. The distance between the probe  650  and the surface of the river water  664  may be adjusted according to pre-determined warning water level. When the surface of the river water  664  rises, a change is applied to the measuring segment  61222  of the water level gauge  612 . By measuring the wavelength of the Optical Bragg grating  61224 , the time remaining till the water surface reaches the warning level can be calculated as shown in  FIG. 6C . 
     The above-mentioned integrated system of full optical complete bridge monitoring uses the Optical Bragg grating of the optical fiber to measure. The variation of physical parameters is obtained from measuring the variation of reflected signals. The integrated system of full optical complete bridge monitoring is configured to be the altimeter, displacement meter, and steel wire vibration monitoring device to measure the bridge structure. It can also be used as part of other full optical complete bridge monitoring systems. The specifications and figures for various embodiments are illustrative rather than restrictive. 
     The integrated system of full optical complete bridge monitoring can also be used to obtain other physical parameters. Although present invention has been described with reference to specific exemplary embodiments, it is evident that various modifications may be made thereto without departing from the broader spirit and scope of present invention as set forth in the following claims.