Abstract:
A device for dispensing a metered amount of powdered, granular liquid or related fluent materials and a method of dispensing a fluent material such that a release of excess material beyond the metered amount is inhibited. The dispenser includes a sealing arrangement to effect such inhibiting, as well as to reduce moisture-based contamination of the material stored within the dispenser. Optional features may include various seal configurations and numbers, removable top and bottom caps that both may have a locking mechanism. The dispenser may be configured as a disposable hand-held device such that, after depletion of the fluent material contents arising out of a multiplicity of uses, it can be thrown away.

Description:
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/258,354 filed on Nov. 5, 2009 , as well as on U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/265,491 filed on Dec. 1, 2009. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates generally to a device for dispensing a metered amount of fluent material, and more particularly to a sealed, dispenser for consistent dosing of the metered fluent material. 
     Free-flowing powdered and granular substances (alternatively referred to as part of a larger class known as fluent materials) are used extensively for myriad applications, with a significant segment of the fluent material market relating to food, medicines and dietary supplements, the latter of which may include, among other things, vitamins and related digestible health-related products. These materials are often used to improve the health or general nutritional levels of humans or animals. Frequently, such fluent materials are mixed in with palatability enhancers to reduce or eliminate the often objectionable taste experience associated with the fluent material, and thus increase the likelihood that the material actually reaches its destination. In any event, it is desirable to be able to effect a consistent, repeatable quantity of a fluent material into a food or related nutritional supply. Devices, such as that depicted in U.S. Pat. No. 7,032,787 , the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference, may be used to achieve such purpose. 
     One area where consistent, rapid and repeatable dosing of such fluent materials into a feed supply is especially beneficial relates to both small and large domesticated animals, such as dogs, cats and horses, as well as to livestock. A particularly important consideration in a dispenser capable of holding larger quantities of product, as well as for situations where larger quantities are being dispensed in a single application (such as with horses and other large animals) is how to maintain the integrity of the fluent material while being stored within the dispenser, as well as how to ensure that the material is not prematurely lost to spillage, leakage, overflow or the like. For example, a dispenser that remains in relatively close proximity to the animals (such as in a stable, barn or related housing structure) for ease of access may be subject to ambient environments, with its attendant swings in temperature, humidity or the like. In such a circumstance, it would be beneficial for the dispenser to be well sealed to prevent moisture buildup and concomitant agglomeration of the fluent material contained inside. In addition, enhanced sealing would be beneficial in both avoiding intentional or accidental spillage as well as reducing the potential for other forms of product contamination due to inadvertent or intentional exposure. Moreover, it should not be cost-prohibitive to achieve such dispenser integrity, as during the course of normal use, such dispensers may become damaged or lost. Related environmental issues may also exist for household applications, where dogs, cats and other animals could benefit form pure, untainted product. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention provides an inexpensive, simple-to-use device such that allows consistent, repeatable quantities of the fluent material to be dispensed by an untrained operator. In the present context, the term “fluent material” such as that which may be stored in and dispensed from the various embodiments of the dispenser of the present invention includes, in addition to such material in powdered or granular form, liquids. Sealing inhibits leakage, blow-through or related inadvertent discharge of the fluent material to ensure that the amount discharged accurately reflects the metered quantity dictated by the size of a compartment that cooperates with the sealing. Likewise, the sealing reduces the likelihood that ambient moisture (whether as water or airborne humidity) will permeate the stored fluent material or moisture-sensitive components within the dispenser. Such sealing, along with metered dispensing of powdered, granular or related fluent material, allows the various embodiments of the present invention to form an integrated package with the dispensable product. In addition to enhanced ease of use, such integrated configuration allows for such a dispenser to be either reusable or disposable. 
     According to an aspect of the present invention, a dispenser is disclosed that is made up of a reservoir to contain the fluent material, and a dispensing assembly with a sealing arrangement such that the dispensing assembly is fluidly cooperative with the reservoir while also possessing enhanced leakage-preventing and moisture barrier properties. In a first operating condition, a rotating valve permits a metered portion of the fluent material to be accepted by the dispensing assembly from the reservoir, while in a second operating condition, the valve permits the dispensing assembly to discharge the metered portion from the dispenser while inhibiting additional fluent material that is not part of the metered portion from escaping. 
     Optionally, the metered portion is defined by a predetermined volumetric capacity formed in the rotating valve. In this way, a substantially consistent quantity of the fluent material is deposited into the valve from the reservoir or other storage compartment such that upon actuation of the valve, the metered portion may be ejected or otherwise dispensed from the dispenser. In another option, the sealing arrangement includes one or more seals placed between the rotating valve and a discharge flowpath formed around the valve. In a more particular form, a tandem seal set is placed along the discharge flowpath, where even more particularly, a first seal of the tandem seals is fluidly upstream of a second seal, such fluidly upstream being in reference to the direction of normal dispensing flow of the fluent material. In the tandem seal configuration, the first seal defines a generally planar oval shape (specifically, a planar o-ring) when placed against the rotating valve, while the second seal defines an oval shape with an undulation (for example, an anticline or syncline) that defines a generally non-planar profile when placed against the rotating valve. In another option, a third seal may be added that is spaced fluidly between the tandem seals and a point of discharge of the fluent material from the dispenser. In yet another option, a single seal may be used instead of the tandem seals; such a seal may be a generally conformal seal placed along a discharge flowpath formed around the rotating valve. In the present context, a seal is considered conformal when it&#39;s shape both tracks the shape of the surface to which it is attached and doesn&#39;t significantly alter the shape of profile of such surface. More particularly, the conformal seal may have a substantially rectangular-shaped cross-sectional profile, where such rectangular shape is possessive on an aspect ratio such that the width is significantly greater than its height. In another form, the singular seal may be made from an irregular shape. In the present context, an irregular shape is one that is other than a substantially cylindrical, square or related rectangular shape. It will be understood that an alternative embodiment of the invention may include such an irregular-shaped seal as one of the tandem seals should the need arise. 
     Preferably, a portion of the sealing arrangement performs the inhibiting action between the reservoir and valve, while in another, it can be used to inhibit the introduction of ambient environment moisture from entering at least one of the reservoir and dispensing assembly. In another optional form, the sealing arrangement is configured such that a substantial entirety of an interfacial region or surface between the reservoir and the valve is protected by the sealing arrangement. By having the operator avoid all contact with the fluent material contents, the risk of contamination to the contents is greatly reduced. Furthermore, by including a locking mechanism into the dispenser, the chances of inadvertent or intentional misuse are reduced. In another option, the sealing arrangement may be made up of multiple seals. 
     In another option, the rotating valve is spring-biased to the first operating condition. Likewise, a dial, pushbutton or related actuation means may be coupled to the rotating valve such that upon rotation of the dial or other actuation means by a user, the rotating valve overcomes the spring bias to cause the dispenser to go from the first operating condition to the second operating condition. The dial may be placed within a recess formed in an outer housing portion of the dispenser so that it doesn&#39;t project in a way hat would make it difficult to slide a bottom cap or related generally conformal cover device. In addition, such a cover can be used to provide a locking assembly, mechanism or related feature that limits access to the dial to avoid inadvertent discharge of the fluent material contained within the dispenser. In addition to the bottom cap configured to engage the dispensing assembly and a discharge aperture formed therein, the dispenser may likewise include a top cap configured to engage the reservoir such that once the fluent material has been placed within the reservoir, the cover effects permanent closure of the aperture. Furthermore, the bottom cap is configured such that it couples with the dispensing assembly to cover a dial used to actuate said rotating valve and a discharge aperture that is fluidly cooperative with the dispensing assembly. More particularly, the bottom cap includes a closure detent that can be inserted into the discharge aperture to additionally prevent fluent material leakage out of, as well as moisture permeation into, the dispensing assembly. 
     In yet another option, an interface formed between one or both of (a) the top cap and the body and (b) the bottom cap and the dispensing assembly may have a seal (such as a ring, sheet or other form) to further enhance sealing; such supplemental sealing is particularly valuable as a moisture barrier, liquid water barrier or (in the case of the top cap and reservoir interface) a barrier against the escape of the fluent material when such material is in a liquid form. Such an interface (whether with or without the supplemental sealing) may further include a locking assembly to minimize the risk of decoupling of the cover from its respective engaging part of the dispenser. 
     Other options may also be contemplated, including having the dispenser be made of predominantly plastic construction. In the present context, the dispenser is “predominantly” plastic in that the bulk of the housing making up its structure is plastic, while it will recognized by those skilled in the art that discrete components, such as the biasing spring and pin making up the hinge, could be other materials, such as metal. At least one portion of the reservoir that is used to store the fluent material may include visual indicia of an amount of fluent material remaining. In one form, such indicia may include a transparent plastic body, or other means to allow a user to peer inside. Likewise, labels (for identification of the fluent material product contained within the dispenser) can be adhered to the dispenser, and may include viewing ports to achieve protection against the light while still providing visual identification of the amount of fluent material remaining. 
     According to another aspect of the present invention, a fluent material dispenser is disclosed that includes a reservoir configured to contain a fluent material, and a dispensing assembly fluidly cooperative with the reservoir. The dispensing assembly includes tandem seals placed along a fluent material flowpath formed about a rotating valve such that in a first operating condition, the rotating valve is in contact with the tandem seals to permit a metered portion of the fluent material to be accepted from the reservoir, while in a second operating condition, the rotating valve permits the dispensing assembly to discharge the metered portion of the fluent material from the dispenser. The tandem seals cooperate with the valve and other surfaces that form the fluent material flowpath such that both of the first and second operating conditions inhibit the escape of any excess fluent material that may come from the reservoir. In the present context, excess fluent material is that which would result in more fluent material being discharged than that making up the metered portion. 
     According to still another aspect of the present invention, a method of dispensing a fluent material is disclosed. The method includes configuring a dispenser to have a metered portion of the fluent material disposed in a metering compartment, and moving (such as by rotation) the metering compartment such that the metered portion of the fluent material is ejected from the dispenser along a discharge flowpath. A sealing arrangement present along the discharge flowpath means that the fluent material being discharged engages the sealing arrangement in such a way to inhibit any excess fluent material from the reservoir from being discharged along with the metered portion. 
     Optionally, the sealing arrangement is made from one or more seals disposed between a rotating valve and the discharge flowpath that is cooperatively formed around the valve. In a more particular form, a plurality seals arranged in tandem form are placed along the discharge flowpath, where even more particularly, one of the tandem seals defines a substantially planar o-ring profile when placed in contact with the rotating valve, while another of the tandem seals defines a substantially nonplanar o-ring profile when placed in contact with the rotating valve. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The following detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention can be best understood when read in conjunction with the following drawings, where like structure is indicated with like reference numerals and in which: 
         FIG. 1  shows an exploded upper perspective view of a dispenser according to an embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 2A  shows a front elevation view of the dispenser of  FIG. 1  in an assembled state, with the bottom cap removed to show the dispensing dial; 
         FIG. 2B  shows the dispenser of  FIG. 2A  with the bottom cap in place to hide the dispensing dial; 
         FIG. 3  shows a lower perspective view of a funnel that forms a part of the dispenser; 
         FIG. 4  shows an upper perspective view of a tumbler valve with tandem seals and a dial housing that forms a part of the dispenser; 
         FIGS. 5A through 5C  show a rear cutaway view of the dispenser of  FIG. 2A , including how the tandem seal arrangement of  FIG. 4  maintains fluent material isolation during dispensing through the tumbler valve; 
         FIG. 6  shows a left front perspective cutaway view of an alternative embodiment sealing arrangement of the dispenser in addition to closure features of the bottom cap; 
         FIG. 7  shows a left side cutaway view of a lower portion of an alternative embodiment sealing arrangement; 
         FIG. 8  shows a rear cutaway view of a tumbler valve of yet another alternative embodiment sealing arrangement; 
         FIG. 9  shows a front cutaway view of a tumbler valve with still another alternative embodiment sealing arrangement; 
         FIG. 10A  shows an optional locking assembly of the top cap of  FIGS. 2A and 2B ; and 
         FIG. 10B  shows an optional locking assembly of the bottom cap of  FIG. 2B . 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     Referring initially to  FIGS. 1 ,  3  and  4 , a dispenser  1  according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. In its assembled form, the dispenser  1  includes a top cap  5  that is placed on top of a body  10  after a reservoir formed on the inside of body  10  is filled with a fluent material. Body  10  is preferably in the form of a cylinder, and the reservoir defined thereby forms the main fluent material storage area for the dispenser  1 . While the size of dispenser  1  may be configured to hold a desirable amount of fluent material, one particular form is sized such that it can be hand-held by an average-sized adult user. A gasket, o-ring or generally planar seal sheet or layer (none of which are shown) may be placed between top cap  5  and the cooperating upper edge of body  10  for enhanced air-tightness, water-tightness or the like. As will be discussed in more detail below, top cap  5  may be attached through various means, such as snap-fitting, screwing or the like. Whether with the sealing effect of the o-ring or without, the secure close-tolerance coupling of body  10  and top cap  5  can act as a barrier against moisture or other foreign matter permeating into the reservoir. Although not shown, various additional shapes of body  10  may be employed, including square, rectangular, oval or irregular shape. In addition, brackets, clips or related mounting structure may be included to hold one or multiple dispensers that are designed in a manner to allow pet food dish or feed bucket to be centered under the dispenser discharge port. One example would be to have a series of dispensers  1  in a side-by-side arrangement that could be mounted via brackets or other fastening means to a wall or other easily-accessible surface. In such an arrangement, while the entirety of the dispensers  1  may no longer be hand-held for dispensing purposes, each individual dispenser  1  may be removed from the arrangement (such as by release through biased spring clips or the like) to result in a hand-held device. In one particular form of such an example, the cabinet can hold one or multiple dispensers within a bracket, clip or other removable mounting scheme such that it allows activation of the dispenser  1  with or without removing the dispenser  1  from a wall, cabinet or related mounting structure. 
     A lower edge of body  10  is connected to a frame  15  that defines an infundibular upper portion terminating in aperture  15 A for gravity-fed receipt of the fluent material from body  10 . In a preferred form, the connection of the body  10  and the frame  15  is through ultrasonic welding to promote an air-tight and fluid-tight integral structure. Frame  15  also provides mounting structure in the form of a series of tubular-shaped downward-extending legs  15 B, as well as a seating area  15 C. A dispensing assembly made up of a seal arrangement  20 , a spherical-shaped tumbler valve  25 , a valve housing  30 , a base  35  and dial  45  is coupled to frame  15  in order to dispense a metered amount of fluent material from the reservoir formed in body  10 . More particularly, seal arrangement  20  is made up of tandem seals  20 A and  20 B that are sized and shaped to fit within respective seal seats  15 D and  15 E that are formed in seating area  15 C and shown with particularity in  FIG. 3 . In this way, the tandem seals  20 A and  20 B can positively register with the respective seal seats  15 D and  15 E to avoid inadvertent moving and related reduction in sealing. Although the seated fitting arrangement embodiment depicted in the figures is a preferred form, another embodiment may include having the tandem seals  20 A and  20 B instead be affixed to the surface of the tumbler valve  25 , such as through an adhesive or the like. Tumbler valve  25  is placed within the seating area  15 C such that the valve&#39;s spherical outer surface is in sealing contact with both of tandem seals  20 A and  20 B while an upward-facing metering compartment  25 A formed in tumbler valve  25  is biased to be in fluid communication with aperture  15 A of frame  15 . Tumbler valve  25  is configured as a rotating valve that is connected by a stem  25 B to be movably responsive to a turning motion of dial  45 . One portion of a spring (such as the coil spring  25 C , shown in  FIG. 1 ) can be placed in cooperation with stem  25 B such that upon engagement of another portion of the spring with a suitable structure in base  35 , the dial  45  springs back into the biased position to allow the aperture and metering compartment  25 A of tumbler valve  25  to be placed in fluid communication with the reservoir through frame aperture  15 A in order to accept a new metered quantity of fluent material. 
     In another form (not shown), a rack-and-pinion arrangement between a push button and a corresponding gear (such as depicted in aforementioned U.S. Pat. No. 7,032,787) could be used in place of dial  45 . In a more automated version, a small motor electrically connected to battery power could be used in place of dial  45  to facilitate switching the tumbler valve  25  from a first operating condition (i.e., filling the metering compartment  25 A) to a second operation condition where the tumbler valve  25  is rotated to dispense the fluent material contained in metering compartment  25 A. In such an automated configuration, a push-button (not shown) similar to that of U.S. Pat. No. 7,032,787 could be used in place of dial  45  such that upon depressing the button, a signal is sent to allow current from the battery to power the motor (which could be a stepper motor, for example) to move an incremental amount (for example, through a full 360° rotation form the at-rest position through dispensing and back to filling in the at-rest position) to achieve the necessary dispensing of the metered amount of fluent material. Such a battery and motor configuration could be placed in an appropriate part of the dispenser  1 , such as in the base  35  or frame  15 . Of the tandem seals, the uppermost seal  20 A is generally circular and planar in shape, such that it resembles an o-ring, while the lowermost seal  20 B is formed into a three-dimensional anticline shape. As with many of the other parts that make up dispenser  1 , frame  15  may be molded from a plastic material with intricate shapes formed therein. For example, seal seats  15 D and  15 E are sized and shaped to form ridges along the oval or spherical shaped surface of seating area  15 C in order to accommodate the tandem seals  20 A and  20 B in such a secure way to ensure that the seals remain in place during operation of dispenser  1 . 
     As shown with particularity in  FIG. 4  in conjunction with  FIG. 1 , stem  25 B extends from tumbler valve  25  to engage a corresponding set of semicircular stem seats  15 F that are formed in valve housing  30  such that an interior volume defined by the clamshell-like attachment of the lower portion of frame  15  to the upper portion of valve housing  30  contains tumbler valve  25  therein. An opposite end of stem  25 B acts as a shaft with which to engage dial  45  that is in turn secured to a dial housing  35 A that makes up a portion of base  35 . In addition to fitting within the seal seats  15 D and  15 E of frame seating area  15 C, both of the tandem seals  20 A and  20 B laterally straddle the upper surface of tumbler valve  25  about an axis of rotation defined by stem  25 B. The planar uppermost seal  20 A forms a sealing connection about an aperture formed in tumbler valve  25  that leads to a volumetric opening in the form of a metering compartment  25 A that allows a prescribed amount of fluent material to enter from the reservoir in body  10  through the aperture  15 A of frame  15 . This sealing ensures that in an at-rest (i.e., non-dispensing) condition, stray fluent material that otherwise may be gravity-fed around the tumbler valve  25  is stopped. The lowermost seal  20 B acts as a backup to the uppermost seal  20 A, as well as provides a more comprehensive sealing during a dispensing operation, as will be discussed in more detail below. 
     In one form, the tumbler valve  25  can be made from an engineered thermoplastic material, such as polyoxymethylene, which is commonly referred by its trade name, Delrin. Such materials are advantageous in applications that require high stiffness, low friction and excellent dimensional stability. Delrin in particular has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for use in the food industry, making it particularly useful for the present dispenser. Many of the remaining parts of dispenser  1  may also be made from a suitable grade of plastic. In fact, construction of the dispenser  1  is such that very few (if any) parts need be made from a metal or other robust material, examples including screws or related fasteners (not shown) and springs (such as that discussed above) that might benefit from being made from a metallic material. In the event that the dispenser  1  is made to be a one-time (i.e., disposable) configuration with recyclability, even the screws and biasing spring  25 C may be made from a plastic material. While a preferred shape of tumbler valve  25  is spherical, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that other forms, such as cylindrical or other rotatable forms, are also within the scope of the present invention. 
     In one form, the internal fill volume of the metering compartment  25 A is sufficient to hold enough fluent material for numerous dispensings. In one form, for a dispenser  1  capable of holding 85 tablespoons, the height of the dispenser would be about 11.5 to 12.0 inches. Likewise, if the dispenser  1  were about 10.5 inches in height, the fill volume would be about 75 tablespoons. In one form, the present inventors believe that approximately 70 tablespoons may be enough for a two month supply plus a week&#39;s worth of doubled dispensing. It will be appreciated that different sizes are within the scope of the present invention, and that such sizes may depend in part on the nature of the material being dispensed, including its shelf-life or related indicia of efficacy. Likewise, the aforementioned heights that correspond to a particular amount of stored fluent material may also be traded off against diametric or circumferential dimensions, such that the dispenser  1  takes on a more squat profile. In configurations where it is important for the dispenser  1  to be hand-held, it is within the scope of the various embodiments of the present invention to be able to trade off the height and width numbers. Furthermore, in situations where particular quantities of a fluent material to be dispensed are desired, (for example, a teaspoon, tablespoon or the like), the tumbler valve  25  and the metering compartment  25 A formed therein needs to be a certain size to accommodate such dimensional concerns. 
     Referring next to  FIGS. 5A through 5C , the cooperation between the outer surface of tumbler valve  25 , the sealing arrangement  20 , the seating area  15 C and the inner (or flowpath) wall of valve housing  30  as the tumbler valve  25  rotates from a first mode of operation to a second mode of operation is shown.  FIG. 5A  shows the dispenser  1  in its at-rest state (also referred to herein as a first operating condition) where the metering compartment  25 A of tumbler valve  25  is oriented such that an aperture formed in the valve is face-up and aligned with the aperture  15 A that terminates the frustro-conical flowpath portion of frame  15  that is secured to the lower edge of body  10 . In this way, fluent material  3  resident in body  10  and the flowpath portion of frame  15  fills metering compartment  25 A (which may be sized to accommodate an efficacious amount of fluid material  3 , such as one teaspoon, one tablespoon or whichever amount is expected to be dispensed per turn of dial  45 ). Uppermost seal  20 A, by virtue of its placement at or near the interface of the flowpath portion of frame  15  and the aperture and metering compartment  25 A, substantially inhibits leakage of stray granules, powder or fluid of fluent material  3  along a sliding interface (also referred to herein as a discharge flowpath or leakage flowpath)  17  that forms between tumbler valve  25  and the seating area  15 C that defines a flowpath for frame  15  below its aperture  15 A. As can be seen in the figures, a comparable interface  27  between tumbler valve  25  and a flowpath region formed in valve housing  30  also possesses a gap; as such, without the more complete sealing produced by sealing arrangement  20  of the present invention, it is foreseeable how leakage of fluent material  3  in excess of the amount in metering compartment  25 A could otherwise occur. While the interfaces  17  and  27  may be reduced to the point where the slidingly cooperative surfaces of tumbler valve  25  and the seating area  15 C (for interface  17 ) and tumbler valve  25  and a flowpath region formed in valve housing  30  (for interface  27 ) are substantially in contact with one another, the present inventors have determined that such a configuration may exacerbate dial-turning difficulties, especially in the case of granular or powered fluent material that may be stuck along such interfacial regions.  FIG. 5B  shows how the tandem seals  20 A and  20 B interact with one another, tumbler valve  25  and frame  15  to prevent blow-through or leakage of excess fluent material  3  from the reservoir. In particular, once the metering compartment  25 A is first exposed to an interstitial volume between the tumbler valve  25  and the seating area  15 C of frame  15  (for example, in a position along rotational path R between that depicted in  FIGS. 5A and 5B ), the possibility of excess fluent material  3  blow-through is high without the sealing arrangement  20  of the various embodiments of the present invention, especially in cases of a liquid fluent material  3 , where the pressurizing effect of all of the fluent material  3  still in the reservoir is sufficient to provide a strong discharge driving force. The cooperation of the tandem seals  20 A and  20 B is such that any fluent material  3  that bypasses the uppermost seal  20 A into the interstitial space (including interface  17 ) would be stopped by the lowermost seal  20 B all the way up through the intermediate rotational stages (such as shown in  FIG. 5C ) and final discharge that occurs when metering compartment  25 A is completely inverted (not shown) such that it opens up to the lower discharge aperture formed in the bottom of valve housing  30 . 
     Referring next to  FIG. 8 , an embodiment generally similar to that of  FIGS. 5A through 5C  is shown, with the addition of another seal  20 C that is used to provide enhanced moisture resistance, particularly as it relates to the reduction in moisture permeation that may otherwise occur in gaps formed between the valve housing  30  and base  35  that may be present due to damage from impact, manufacturing tolerances or the like. When taken in conjunction with the tandem seals  20 A and  20 B as shown in the figure, seal  20 C can be thought of as a third seal. In this regard, the function of the third seal  20 C is slightly different than that of tandem seals  20 A and  20 B in that rather than inhibiting the leakage of excess fluent material from the dispenser  1 , its placement is to prevent any liquid or moisture from entering into the dispenser  1 . This latter function is useful in that, in addition to minimizing the presence of moisture in the fluent material contained in body  10 , it keeps out liquid that would otherwise can get in and be difficult to remove or also possibly rust any potential springs or metal components used as part of the assembly. As stated above, the screws (not shown) can be made from metal or plastic, depending on the need for creating a fully recyclable dispenser  1 . Such can be traded off against the tendency of plastic screws to relax over time, as well as the need to avoid rust or other corrosion. 
     Referring next to  FIG. 6  in conjunction with  FIG. 1 , the lower portion of dispenser  1  that defines a dispensing assembly is shown in a cutaway view. As mentioned above, the dispensing assembly is made up of seal arrangement  20  (presently shown as a single seal  21 ), spherical-shaped tumbler valve  25 , valve housing  30 , base  35  and dial  45  so that base  35  is coupled to frame  15  with the seal  21 , tumbler valve  25  and valve housing  30  secured between them (such as through screws that extend from apertures  35 C in base  35  and into the tubular upstanding legs  35 B and downward-extending frame legs  15 B that are integrally-formed as part of frame  15 . Bottom cap  40 , in addition to being formed as a trough to capture residual fluent material, further includes an upwardly-projecting plug  40 A that can be placed in discharge aperture  50  formed in the bottom of base  35  to further inhibit incidental spillage of the fluent material, as well as form a relatively tight fit to inhibit the introduction of moisture into base  35 . Ultrasonic welding can produce an integral connection  11  between the lower edge of body  10  and the upper edge of frame  15 . Likewise, a threaded connection  55  can be formed between the lower edge of body  10  and the upper edge of bottom cap  40  in a region near the ultrasonic weld. 
     In yet another alternative sealing arrangement, the single seal  21  of  FIG. 6  may be replaced with a composite seal (not shown). In such a case, the composite seal may define a generally cylindrical cross-section in a manner generally similar to the of seal  21 , but may be made up of concentric o-rings, where the inner o-ring could be a relatively hard material, while the outer o-ring could be made from a relatively soft material. Such a configuration is later referred to herein as being of an O-shaped variant. A slight variation of the overall cross-sectional appearance of the composite seal is C-shaped so that enough of the more rigid inner o-ring is partially exposed such that an adhesive or other securing means can be used to establish secure connection between the C-shaped seal and either the tumbler valve  25 , seating area  15 C or valve housing  30 . Whether by interference fit, adhesive connection or other such coupling, the integral nature of either of the composite o-ring configurations discussed herein arises out of the two rings being secured such that one is significantly (in the case of the C-shaped variant) or entirely (in the case of the O-shaped variant) around the other. 
     Referring next to  FIGS. 2A and 2B  in conjunction with  FIG. 1 , views of dispenser  1  both without ( FIG. 2A ) and with ( FIG. 2B ) of the bottom cap  40  are shown. As mentioned above, when it is desired to dispense a metered portion of the fluent material contained in the reservoir of body  10 , the user rotates the dial  45  that is situated in the base  35 . To further indicate to a user which direction to turn to dispense the fluent material, an arrow  35 D is either formed with or embossed on the dial housing  35 A. The bottom cap  40 , when screwed onto the body  10 , encloses the activating dial  45  so that it is neither accessible nor turnable, thereby enhancing the anti-tampering attributes of dispenser  1 . Bottom cap  40  also covers the discharge opening  50  formed in the lower surface of base  35 , thus preventing moisture and foreign matter from entering the dispenser  1  when not in use, as well as containing any incidental fluent material that may escape from discharge opening  50 . Referring with particularity to  FIG. 2A  (where the bottom cap  40  is removed), apertures  35 C formed in the lower surface of base  35  may lead to upstanding legs  35 B that through coextensive cooperation with downward-extending frame legs  15 B can threadably hold securing screws or related fasteners. As can be seen, the dial housing  35 A that houses the dial  45  and is insertable into a complementary portion of the base  35  is generally flush with the outer peripheral surface thereof; because the base is slightly smaller circumferentially than body  10 , the placement of the bottom cap  40  into engagement with the lower edge of body  10  (such as through a threaded, screwing connection as shown) part of the dispenser forms a generally smooth, continuous-circumference outer surface profile along the substantial axial dimension of dispenser  1 . As shown with particularity in  FIG. 2B , the engagement of bottom cap  40  and the lower edge of body  10  reduces the likelihood of accidental or intentional discharge of fluent material. 
     In one form, dispenser  1  may be made to be reusable or refillable. In such case, top cap  5  may eschew locking features (discussed below) to allow reopening and subsequent access to the reservoir formed as part of body  10 . In other cases, where it is desirable to have the dispenser  1  be disposable once empty (such that subsequent access to the reservoir is not required), or in situations where the aforementioned reusable configuration may be in jeopardy of being tampered with (such as being accessible by small children) or exposed to, it may be beneficial to enhance its security. Referring next to  FIGS. 10A and 10B , as well as  FIG. 2B , limited access and tamper resistance can be enhanced by having at least the top cap  5  (and bottom cap  40 , as well) include additional securing features. 
     Regarding first the upper portion of dispenser  1  as shown in  FIG. 10A , after the fluent material is added to the body  10  of dispenser  1 , the top cap  5  is applied where, as discussed above, the top cap  5  may be screwed on without locking, such as for a reusable configuration of dispenser  1 . One way to augment tamper resistance of top cap  5  is to form a locking connection  60  once the top cap  5  is screwed onto or otherwise mounted to the top edge of body  10 . As shown, the locking connection  60  may be in the form of an interference fit through complementary circumferentially-projecting detents formed on each of top cap  5  and body  10 . In such a configuration, the general downward travel of top cap  5  as it is screwed onto threads formed at the upper edge of body  10  eventually causes a generally planar surface of the detent portion  60 A formed on body  10  to encounter a complementary planar surface of the detent portion  60 B on top cap  5  in such a way that they are in facing contact with one another. At least one of the detents (for example, detent  60 B as shown) may also include a sloped or faceted surface formed along the points of initial contact to facilitate frictional sliding passage of the two detent portions  60 A,  60 B with a sufficient degree of elasticity such that upon such passage, at least one of the detent portions  60 A,  60 B flex, bend or otherwise move slightly to allow passage, and then snap into place along the facingly engages surfaces once the detent portions  60 A,  60 B pass by one another. An audible snapping or clicking sound may serve as indicia that the top cap  5  and body  10  are locked in place. 
     Regarding next the lower portion of dispenser  1  as shown in  FIG. 10B , the bottom cap  40  is screwed on to the lower edge of body  10  (such as shown in  FIG. 6 ) so that adequate sealing connection between them is formed. As mentioned above, bottom cap  40  (as well as top cap  5 ) may include an o-ring, gasket, sealing layer or other sealing-enhancing mechanism to further provide air-tight or fluid-tight attributes to dispenser  1 , where pressure is imparted to the o-ring or related seal through a tightened screwing motion. Accidental dispensing is avoided with the bottom cap mounted. The bottom cap  40  covers the dial  45  so it is not accessible. Upstanding plug (such as that shown in  FIG. 6 ) can additionally block discharge aperture  50  to prevent inadvertent leakage, while the cup-like structure of bottom cap  40  can also act as a tray to capture stray fluent material residue. Locking connection  70  is configured approximately the same way as locking connection  60 , except that in addition to a generally planar surface of the detent portion  70 A formed on body  10  to encounter a complementary planar surface of the detent portion  70 B, an additional cantilevered portion  70 C is coupled to the detent portion  70  so that upon ample applied pressure (such as that from an adult hand), the cantilevered portion  70 C may be sufficient to disengage detent portions  70 A and  70 B from one another. Such a configuration mimics the child-proof features of a medicine bottle or other substance where it is advantageous to reduce the likelihood of child access while still permitting relatively easy adult access. As can be seen in both  FIGS. 10A and 10B , caps  5  and  40  may also include ridges around their respective peripheries to facilitate gripping when attempting to secure or remove them. As used herein, the term “cover” may also be used to describe the caps  5  and  40 , either collectively or individually. 
     Referring next to  FIGS. 7 and 9 , alternative embodiments of a sealing arrangement  20  are shown. Referring with particularity to  FIG. 7 , a W-shaped seal  22  is shown. Such a seal  22  has a tendency to provide more flex or tolerance to the seals against the tumbler ball, thereby allowing greater ease of rotation, even in situations where the interface (such as interface  17  of  FIGS. 5A through 5C ) forms little or no gap. Likewise, the sealing arrangement  20  in  FIG. 9  is a generally flat rectangular band-shaped seal  23 . Such a seal as seal  23  is thin enough and wide enough such that its shape allows it to conformally fit around a latitudinal band of the spherical shaped tumbler valve  25 . Such a seal may be cut from a rectangular sheet, membrane or related compliant material such as rubber, plastic or the like. As with the embodiment of  FIG. 6 , the sealing arrangement  20  of  FIGS. 7 and 9  is in the form of a single seal  23 . 
     Having described the invention in detail and by reference to preferred embodiments thereof, it will be apparent that modifications and variations are possible without departing from the scope of the invention defined in the appended claims. More specifically, although some aspects of the present invention are identified herein as preferred or particularly advantageous, it is contemplated that the present invention is not necessarily limited to these preferred aspects of the invention.