Abstract:
The present invention relates generally to a building construction system, the components thereof, and method therefore. More specifically, the present invention relates to a building construction system that utilizes specifically designed component parts that fit together, such as by male/female connections, and are permanently attached through the use of an adhesive, or bonding glue, to create an extra strong and uniformly tight structure. If effect, the end result is equivalent to a one-piece construction since all components are permanently “chemically welded” to each other with all components being made from the same type of materials.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates generally to a building construction system, the components thereof, and method therefore. More specifically, the present invention relates to a building construction system that utilizes specifically designed component parts that fit together, such as by male/female connections, and are permanently attached through the use of an adhesive, or bonding glue, to create an extra strong and uniformly tight structure. In effect, the end result is equivalent to a one-piece construction since all components are permanently “chemically welded” to each other with all components being made from the same type of materials. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Construction of private dwellings, both in the United States and abroad, has been substantially limited by the relatively low availability of skilled labor and high strength building materials. Furthermore, the construction of dwellings is often influenced by frequently encountered high/low heats and humidities at the construction sites, combined with the resultant biological attacks on the structure from mildew, insects and organisms which thrive in hot and/or humid environments. In third world countries, one solution that has existed for ages in such locations is to make the housing out of relatively flimsy, locally available materials, such as palm fronds or straw and the like, combined with mud and clay infused into a bare structure. However, such structures, while certainly economical, provide little in the way of genuine protection from the elements and provide extensive cover for insects and vermin. Thus, it is very difficult to prevent the spread of disease in and among such dwellings, and the quality of daily life in such structures is necessarily low. Furthermore, such construction is not amenable to housing modem equipment or perishables, offers little shelter from the elements and thus severely limits their use for business purposes. 
     Important in the consideration in building construction, especially in the United States, are the high cost of construction because of the large amount of skilled labor required in the construction process. Therefore, it would be useful to provide a construction design that would not use expensive materials and does not require large amounts of skilled labor, and is easily erected at the site where the housing is desired. 
     Normal construction of buildings requires the use of many different and varied construction labor techniques and skills. Often it requires carpenters, for wood construction, masons, for cement and brick construction, roofers, drywall installers, and others. Furthermore, normal conventional construction requires the use of many and varied materials, such as plywood, wood rafters, drywall, bricks or concrete blocks, roofing materials, to name a few. These materials are typically connected together using a variety of connectors, such as nails, screws, staples, pegs and the like. While the resulting building provides shelter or housing, it is expensive due to the various materials and various different skills required to complete the construction. In addition, it takes a considerable amount of time to complete the construction due to the coordination required between the various labor skills and material application processes. In summary, the resulting cost for constructing any structure is high and the length of time until completion is long. 
     Furthermore, the strength of different buildings will vary substantially based on the quality of the materials used and the skills of the individual work specialists performing their specific duties. Currently, there is no uniformity in the building strength as compared to other buildings. Therefore, it is useful to provide a building system that requires only one type of material and can use the same labor force for all facets of construction. 
     Moreover, existing building construction systems also result in wide variances as far energy efficiency is concerned. One building may be very cost effective as far as the costs of heating and air conditioning are concerned where another of the same size, by comparison, may be very expensive for such costs. It would be useful for a construction system to provide uniform and equal energy costs that will also be very low. 
     An object of the present invention is to alleviate the above described disadvantages of the prior art, by alleviating the problems of uneven and high energy costs, time delays in the construction process, lack of uniformity in the final building&#39;s physical strength, and the high financial cost of construction. In addition, since all components of the present invention are “pre-made” to fit the individual building pattern, then waste and unnecessary material are at an absolute minimum as compared to considerable wasted materials in all current building construction systems. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     It is an object of the present invention to provide a unique construction system that uses unique building materials that are specifically designed for this process so that the resulting construction is simpler and more economical than conventional and other construction systems that are currently being used for “on-site” construction of residential and all other building construction projects. This system is primarily orientated to one or two levels in height. 
     It is another object of the present invention to have this new system available for use, with some modifications, for the construction of pemanent and mobile home construction. 
     It is a further object of the present invention to improve the physical strength and safety of the final construction project substantially over the physical strength of buildings that are built using currently acceptable methods. 
     It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a construction process that is so simple that almost anyone can construct a safe and usable building even if they are not highly educated or trained in the fields of construction. Thus allowing a substantial increase in labor resources that can be used to build the buildings according to the present system. 
     It is yet a further object of the present invention to provide a construction process that uses unique materials, which can be mass-produced on a very economical basis. 
     It is yet a further object of the present invention to provide a building process that is flexible enough to allow for unlimited construction design applications and to accomplish attractive esthetic exterior and interior designing. 
     It is still yet a further object of the present invention to provide an end product that is substantially energy efficient and that requires little or no maintenance regardless of weather conditions or the physical location of the building. 
     It is another object of the present invention to provide a construction process that requires the use of only a specialized glue for all permanent connections, as opposed to most construction processes that currently require nails, screws, or other forms of hardware to be used to inter-connect the materials used in the construction process. 
     It is a further object of the present invention to provide a building process that uses the same materials, and thus available from a single supplier, as opposed to conventional building processes that require several different types of materials, such as wood studs, plywood, drywall, various ceiling tiles, masonry products, roofing materials and the like. 
     The novel features that are considered characteristic of the invention are set forth with particularity in the appended claims. The invention itself, however, both as to its structure and its operation together with the additional object and advantages thereof will best be understood from the following description of the preferred embodiment of the present invention when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Unless specifically noted, it is intended that the words and phrases in the specification and claims be given the ordinary and accustomed meaning to those of ordinary skill in the applicable art or arts. If any other meaning is intended, the specification will specifically state that a special meaning is being applied to a word or phrase. Likewise, the use of the words “function” or “means” in the Description of Preferred Embodiments is not intended to indicate a desire to invoke the special provision of 35 U.S.C. §112, paragraph 6 to define the invention. To the contrary, if the provisions of 35 U.S.C. §112, paragraph 6, are sought to be invoked to define the invention(s), the claims will specifically state the phrases “means for” or “step for” and a function, without also reciting in such phrases any structure, material, or act in support of the function. Even when the claims recite a “means for” or “step for” performing a function, if they also recite any structure, material or acts in support of that means of step, then the intention is not to invoke the provisions of 35 U.S.C. §112, paragraph 6. Moreover, even if the provisions of 35 U.S.C. §112, paragraph 6, are invoked to define the inventions, it is intended that the inventions not be limited only to the specific structure, material or acts that are described in the preferred embodiments, but in addition, include any and all structures, materials or acts that perform the claimed function, along with any and all known or later-developed equivalent structures, materials or acts for performing the claimed function. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 is a view of a pillar support according to the present invention. 
     FIG. 2 is a bundle of pillar supports according to the present invention. 
     FIG. 3 illustrates how a pillar support is inserted into a pre-dug hole and onto a REBAR structure according to the present invention. 
     FIG. 4 illustrates the pillar support after insertion into the pre-dug hole, according to the present invention. 
     FIG. 5 illustrates the pillar support top according to the present invention. 
     FIG. 6 illustrates the main support beam according to the present invention. 
     FIG. 7 illustrates how the main support beam attaches to the pillar support tops according to the present invention. 
     FIG. 8 illustrates the main support beam after attachment to the pillar support tops. 
     FIG. 9 illustrates how a vertical support attaches to the basic support beam according to the present invention. 
     FIG. 10 illustrates several vertical supports attached to a main support beam. 
     FIG. 11 illustrates how wall panels according to the present invention are attached to the vertical supports and major support beam. 
     FIG. 12 illustrates an exterior wall with wall panels in place. 
     FIG. 13 illustrates the installation of floor panels according to the present invention. 
     FIG. 14 illustrates the installation of the wall top plate according to the present invention. 
     FIG. 15 illustrates the wall top plate after installation according to the present invention. 
     FIG. 16 illustrates a wall that includes special supports for plumbing and electrical needs. 
     FIG. 17 illustrates the how the floor joists are placed to support the floor panels. 
     FIG. 18 illustrates a second wall (in dashed lines) connected to a corner post. 
     FIG. 19 shows the addition of an interior wall (in dashed lines). 
     FIG. 20 shows the addition of ceiling rafters and ceiling panels. 
     FIG. 21 illustrates the ceiling rafters and panels in place. 
     FIG. 22 illustrates the placement of roof rafters for a typical roof structure. 
     FIG. 23 illustrates how roof panels are attached to the roof rafters. 
     FIG. 24 illustrates a more detailed view of use of the roof rafters and roof panels. 
     FIG. 25 illustrates a more detailed view including a portion of the ceiling in place. 
     FIG. 26 illustrates a corner joist. 
     FIG. 27 is a top perspective view of a ceiling panel. 
     FIG. 28 is a bottom perspective view of a ceiling panel. 
     FIG. 29 illustrates how the connectors are used to splice two supports together end-to-end. 
     FIG. 30 a  is flat roof framing embodiment. 
     FIG. 30 b  is a peaked roof framing embodiment. 
     FIG. 30 c  is a high peaked roof framing embodiment. 
     FIG. 31 a  illustrates the framing of a window opening. 
     FIG. 31 b  illustrates the framing of a door opening. 
     FIG. 32 is a groove cover according to the present invention. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     The present invention is a building system and components that are useful for the quick and easy construction of buildings and the like. The process starts with a foundation for the structure and works upwards in a logical and systematic manor developing the framework, walls, floors, basic utility service connections, ceilings and roofing system progressively and logically so that when the structure&#39;s roof is finished there is nothing else to do except install the utilities, such as plumbing, electric, ventilation, and the like, and the decorating features, such as painting, paneling, interior closets, and the like. In a preferred embodiment, the system uses “color coded” building materials and the simple design of the “special building materials” that are described herein. 
     There are several benefits of the present invention over prior art systems. The cost of materials are less than the cumulative costs for the materials necessary for conventional wood framed construction because there are a lot of different types of products necessary for existing constructions but only one type of material is required for the present invention. The “time factor” for current construction is much longer than that which applies to the present design, because the present design is extremely simplified and all the materials are already exactly the proper lengths. The amount of time required for construction will be at least 50% less than that required for current construction methods. And the design of the present invention is not limited to housing construction, but applies to any type of building from barns and garages to five story apartment complexes. 
     Referring now to the drawings for a more complete understanding of the invention, FIG. 1 is a view of a pillar support  10  according to the present invention. The pillar support  10  a hollow tubular structure, preferably a hollow tube with a generally square or rectangular cross section. Most preferably, the pillar supports  10  are 8 inches by 8 inches square hollow tube-like structures and come in 8 foot long (or longer) sections. Both ends of the pillar support  10  are open to receive inserted materials. As illustrated in FIG. 2, these pillar supports may be conveniently packaged in space saving bundles for easy shipment. The building ultimately constructed will be secured to the ground by use these pillar-supports  10 . The pillar supports  10  are cut to the required length on site. 
     As illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4, the pillar supports  10  are installed into pre-dug holes into the ground, said holes being at least 3 feet in depth and having reinforcing bars  5  or (REBAR) steel rods wired together to form an “anchor”. The hole, with the pillar support  10  and REBAR structure  5  in place, is then filled with concrete leaving at least 5 inches of the top of the pillar support  10  exposed for the attachment of a pillar support top  15 . See FIG.  5 . 
     After the pillar supports  10  have been properly installed at all major stress and support points in the building plans, the pillar support tops  15 , illustrated in FIG. 5, are attached to the pillar supports  10 . The pillar support tops  15  are caps that have a receiving cavity that closely matches the outside size and shape of the top of the pillar supports  10 . Located on a top surface of the pillar support tops  15  are vertical ribs  20  that extend between two opposite sides of the pillar support top  15 . The ribs  20  are preferably 1 inch by 1 inch in cross sectional size. The pillar support tops  15  are attached to the pillar supports  10  by gluing them onto the pillar supports  10  with the vertical 1 inch by 1 inch ribs  20  running parallel to the intended wall&#39;s borders. This assures a secure attachment to the ground. 
     Next, main support beams  25  are attached by an adhesive onto the top of the pillar support tops, FIGS. 6,  7 ,  8 , and  9 . The main support beams  25  are substantially rectangular in cross section. There are two bottom grooves  30  that extend longitudinally from one end of the main support beam  25  to the opposite end, on a bottom surface. The two bottom grooves  30  are preferably symmetrically located on the bottom surface. Located on a top surface are two top grooves  35 . The two top grooves  35 , like the two bottom grooves  30 , extend from one end of the main support beam  25  to the opposite end, but on the top surface. The two top grooves  35 , however, are not symmetrically located on the top surface, but are located predominantly to an outside edge. The ribs  20  on the pillar support tops  15  fit into two bottom grooves  30  located in the main support beams  25  in such as way that the two top grooves  35  are located on the outer-most side of the building&#39;s wall. This forms the “foundation for the building&#39;s structure”. This also provides for the secure attachment of the rest of the building&#39;s structure to the pillar supports  10  and therefore to the ground. 
     Next, all basic vertical supports  40 , which are preferably 4 inches by 4 inches, and special supports  45 , as illustrated in FIGS. 10 and 16, that are designated in the building plans for utility, such as electric and plumbing, connections are attached to the main support beams  25  at 2 foot intervals, on-center, by means such as adhesives. The basic vertical supports  40  are substantially rectangular in shape with two sets of grooves  42 , on opposite sides, that extend from one end of the basic vertical support  40  to the opposite end. Additionally there are two sets of ribs  44 , one set located on each opposite end of the vertical support  40 . The special vertical supports  45  have the grooves  42  and the ribs  44  and include a structure for plumbing connections, which have a plumbing conduit installed in the center with a universal connector on top and in a plumbing outlet junction box that opens to the interior of the building. Another embodiment of the special vertical supports  45  is for electrical connections. This embodiment includes an electrical outlet box that may be located either adjacent to one end or substantially in the middle of the special support  45 . As with the plumbing version, there is a conduit installed in the center with a universal connector on top and in the electrical outlet junction box. When attaching the vertical supports  40  and  45  to the basic support  25 , the ribs  44  located at one end of the vertical supports  40  and  45  are fit into the two top grooves  35  located on the top surface of the main support beam  25  and glued into place. This provides the vertical support for the building as well as the receptacles (the grooves  42 ) for interior and exterior wall panels,  50  and  55 . 
     As illustrated in FIGS. 11 and 12, the internal as well as exterior wall panels,  50  and  55 , are then attached to the walls by applying glue to the grooves  42  and  35 , aligning a male “lip”  53  located on the edges of the panels,  50  and  55 , with the grooves  42  located on the sides of the vertical and special vertical supports  40  and  45 , and “sliding” the wall panels  50  and  55  place. This increases stability and building strength as well as providing an insulated wall system with all basic utility service connections already in place. Further, since there is a space between the internal and exterior wall panels,  50  and  55 , additional insulation or support materials may be incorporated into the structure. 
     Exterior corners are created using a corner post  47  at the corner of the structure, as illustrated in FIG.  18 . The corner post  47 , shown in FIG. 26, has two sets of grooves  42  and ribs  44 , like the vertical support  40 , however instead of being on opposite sides, the grooves  42  of the corner post  47  are on adjacent sides. In this manner, a 90-degree corner may be constructed. Shapes other than square or rectangular may be used for the corner post  47  to create corners with different angles and still fall within the scope of the present invention. In order to complete the corner structure a matching corner cap (not illustrated) with matching grooves and ribs is used to fill in the three-sided gap at the top of the corner. This corner cap may have any shape, as long as it snugly fits into, and seals, the top corner void. 
     Next, floor joists  60 , as illustrated in FIG. 17, are installed by laying the floor joists  60  laterally across the main support beams  25  and gluing into place. The floor joists  60  are secured into place on 2-foot centers starting in the right front corner of each room. The floor joists  60  provide the strength and support for floor panels  65  and create an even more secure building structure that is firmly attached to the ground. The floor joists  60  are pieces that have substantially rectangular cross section, said pieces have two bottom grooves  30  that extend longitudinally from one end to the opposite end on a bottom surface and two top grooves  35  that extend from one end to the opposite end on a top surface, said two bottom grooves  30  further adapted to receive the two ribs  20  on the pillar support tops  15 . 
     After the floor joists  60  are installed and secured into place, the floor panels  65  are positions over the floor joists  60  and glued into place, starting in the right front corner of each room, see FIG.  13 . The floor panels  65 , which preferably have a first lip near a top surface along one edge and a second lip near a bottom surface along an opposite edge such that the two lips are adapted to overlap when placed upon the floor joists  60 , are secured by gluing, to the floor joists  60  and to adjacent floor panels  65  as they are installed. The resulting floor structure is designed to be very strong and thermally comfortable, due to the insulation that is incorporated into the floor panels  65  at the factory. The floor panels  65  provide a quality surface for any covering that the owner chooses and will never squeak or crack as some conventional floor systems do. 
     After the floor panels  65  are installed, a wall top plate  70  is attached to the walls by simply securing the wall top plate  70  laterally on top of the vertical supports  40  and  45  and projecting lip of the wall panels  50  and  55  and attaching them in place over the lips on the wall panels  65 , see FIGS. 14 and 15. The wall top plate is preferably the same structure as the main support beams  25 , previously described above. All seams and connections are glued in place thus making for an extremely strong structure. This results in a totally sealed and connected structure from the ground to the roof. By using glue to secure all seams of the structure, or other sealants, there is no room for insects, rodents or even large volumes of air to penetrate the building. 
     As illustrated in FIG. 19, additional interior walls may be added attaching vertical supports  40  along the interior wall line and using interior wall panels  50 , on both sides. A wall top plate  70  is also added to seal the top of the interior wall. 
     Next, the ceiling for the structure is installed, illustrated in FIGS. 20 and 21. This is accomplished by attaching ceiling rafters  80  on top of the wall top plates  70  between the walls for each room. The ceiling rafters  80  are basically I-shaped joists with a wider lower section than upper section. The ceiling rafters  80  are installed 2 feet on-center starting in the right front corner of each room. The ceiling rafters  80  can come in lengths of up to 24 feet and can be attached to the roof structure with support cables, or by other systems, if necessary to prevent sagging over long spans. Preferably, the ceiling rafters  80  are secured, by glue, to the top plates  70  at all points of contact. 
     After the ceiling rafters  80  are in place, the ceiling panels  85  are installed in between the ceiling rafters  80  and are glued into place on top of the bottom section of the I-beam and are further glued to adjacent ceiling panels  85  wherever they overlap. The ceiling panels  85  are hollow core and filled with insulation. The ceiling panels  85  have a recess that extends around three sides that are glued to the ceiling rafters  80 . The recess is designed such that the projecting portion of the ceiling panels  85  fits between the ceiling rafters  80 . The basic house framing, floors, utility connection services and ceilings are now completed. The final attachment of the roof is the next step. 
     Since there can be any number of roof designs, the present description will focus on the simple connection of the roof to the main building and the connection of the roof panels to the roof rafters  90 . The framing structure chosen to fit the roof design would be built using the grooved wall top plates  70  and 1 inch by ¾ inch insert connectors  120 . These would be connected together and attached to the building&#39;s frame with the usual gluing process at all points of contact. The roof rafters  90 , illustrated in FIG. 22, are preferably 4 inch by 4 inch hollow square tubular structures that have 1 inch by 1 inch grooves  95  located every 12 inches laterally across the rafter to allow for the attachment of the roof panels  100 . The roof panels  100  are installed from the outside wall top plate  70  and extend to the center roof rafter  90  of the roof and are mounted on 2 foot centers starting with the right side of the building. They are simply glued to the top plates and center rafter at all points of contact. This is illustrated in FIGS. 23,  24 , and  25 . 
     As illustrative examples, for flat roofs, the roof rafters  90  are placed onto the main support beams  25  on the outside walls and securely attached by glue. For pitch roofs, the roof rafters  90  are notched with a saw at the position where the roof rafter makes contact with the main support beams  25  of the outside walls. The main support beams  25  is then fit into the notch and the rafter  90  is then glued into place. For highly pitched roofs, upright posts cut from 4×4 posts are used as well as side glued cross supports to further strengthen the roof rafter system. The cross supports are glued onto the sides of the upright roof raters. This is done so as to be unobtrusive to any outside coverings. The ends of the roof are paneled using regular wall panels and uprights. However, roof panels may be substituted for the wall panels. 
     The roof panels  100  are overlapping insulated panels that are installed on top of the roof rafters  90  horizontally so that lips  105  on the panels  100  fit into the grooves  95  on the roof rafters. The roof panels  100  have an overhanging lip  107  that extends substantially around two adjacent edges. There is also a recess  109  located on a top surface that also extends substantially around two adjacent edges, but different edges that those of the overhanging lip  107 . The roof panels  100  are installed starting at the right bottom of the roof section and are glued to the roof rafters  90  and to each other at all points of contact. The resulting roof construction is a roof that is totally water proof, resistant to thermal changes, and extremely strong. 
     The final step in constructing the basic house package requires the attachment of a roof apex or general purpose overlap panel  110 . The overlap panels  110  are preferably two 4 inch wide connectors that pivot on a hinge joint such that any angle may be achieved through the flexible hinge. The overlap panels  110  are glued onto one roof rafter  90  and then bent and glued to a second roof rafter  90 . The overlap panels  110  cover any seams that may result where two or more roof lines intersect. The overlap panel can also be used to cover outside corners of the structure, door seams, or any other seam that is a result of two or more sections joining together. The overlap panel is secured and sealed, such as by an adhesive, over the seam to secure the junction and to eliminate any possible leaks by air or water. 
     The present invention is a framing design and only allows for the spaces where traditional doors and windows may be attached. Vertical supports  40  and wall top plates  70  are used to frame openings that are then further framed with wood to the appropriate size for whatever is applied, such as a door or window, by the construction personnel. Any “tracked edges” that are exposed inside the door or window frame are filled in using cover pieces. For example, when framing a window opening, a vertical support  40  is cut to allow for a window box frame opening. When framing a door opening, 1 or 2 upright supports may be cut short from the top and the door opening boxed with a wall top plate  70  to form out the door opening frame. 
     The basic structure is now completed and is totally inter-connected and secured to the ground. Due to the flexibility of the materials used, and the fact that the preferred adhesive effectively chemically welds the components together into one uniformly strong unit, any outside force, such as wind, water, or even ground movement, will be resisted as if it were affecting a natural single piece structure. 
     As used in this application, the preferred embodiment of all ribs and channels has length and width measurements that are generally 1 inch by 1 inch. All horizontal beams and rafters will come from the factory marked every 2 feet to facilitate locating proper attachment of vertical supports or panels. 
     Internal walls are provided by attaching interior wall supports  120  to the structure. The interior wall supports  120  are illustrated in FIG.  24  and are generally rectangular in cross section with two grooves  125 , one located each on opposite sides of the interior wall supports  120 . The two grooves  125  receive interior wall panels  55 , similar to the exterior walls. 
     Finally, where necessary, there are 1 inch by 2 inch connectors  130  that are substantially flat pieces that are adapted to fit within and between adjacent grooves and that may be used to connect 4×4 structures to created 4×8 or 8×8 composite structures, or interconnect other grooved structures. See FIG.  25 . There are flat end caps  140  that are substantially flat surfaces with four projecting ribs  145  that complementarily fit with the end portions of the grooves of a support structure, such as the vertical supports  40  and provide a flat end surface. See FIG.  26 . Also, there are floor internal base and top panel holders  150 . See FIG.  27 . These are used on the top of floors panels  65  or the bottom the ceiling panels  85  for small partitions, such as closets and the like. 
     The color code system is generally as follows: interior and exterior wall panels  50  and  55  will have the same color. However, the side that is to face outwards will be the side that is colored; the vertical supports  40  and  45  will have one color and the horizontal beams or supports  25  will have another color, even if they are manufactured from the same building materials; roof panels  100  will always have a reflective color and the reflective color will be on the upside. 
     The preferred embodiment of the invention is described above in the Drawings and Description of Preferred Embodiments. While these descriptions directly describe the above embodiments, it is understood that those skilled in the art may conceive modifications and/or variations to the specific embodiments shown and described herein. Any such modifications or variations that fall within the purview of this description are intended to be included therein as well. Unless specifically noted, it is the intention of the inventors that the words and phrases in the specification and claims be given the ordinary and accustomed meanings to those of ordinary skill in the applicable art(s). The foregoing description of a preferred embodiment and best mode of the invention known to the applicant at the time of filing the application has been presented and is intended for the purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and many modifications and variations are possible in the light of the above teachings. The embodiment was chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and its practical application and to enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention in various embodiments and with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.