Abstract:
A dry cleaning method for use in semiconductor fabrication, including the following steps. An etched metallization structure is provided and placed in a processing chamber. The etched metallization structure is cleaned by introducing a fluorine containing gas/oxygen containing gas mixture into the processing chamber proximate the etched metallization structure without the use of a downstream microwave while applying a magnetic field proximate the etched metallization structure and maintaining a pressure of less than about 50 millitorr within the processing chamber for a predetermined time.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates generally to methods of forming metal structures in semiconductor devices and specifically to methods of using a dry cleaning method instead of a traditional wet clean method after metal etch. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Prevention of metal corrosion and pitting defects with conventional wet cleaning methods after metal etching is difficult. Wet cleaning methods can leave chlorine (Cl 2 ) trapped in a thin sidewall polymer which maximizes corrosion and pitting of, for example, an aluminum (Al) or aluminum alloy substrate. If a thicker sidewall polymer is formed to minimize the exposure of the aluminum/aluminum alloy substrate to Cl 2 , the difficulty of a more narrow window within which to perform the wet clean arises. 
     Therefore, passivation (formation of the sidewall polymer within the etched structure) during dry etching and clean step is a critical step. Sometimes an adequate passivation step followed by a poor clean step will also cause pitting and corrosion. With device dimensions, or design rule, getting smaller and smaller, the influence of any such defects on device performance and reliability is becoming greater and greater. 
     In high ion density reactors using high power processes, certain problems present. One such problem is a high rate of resist erosion and loss of a substantial amount of substrate dielectric, generally silicon oxide (SiO 2 ). This process also is more prone to corrosion known as “mouse bites” characterized as an undesirable lateral loss of Al(Cu). 
     Another problem is that a metal to tungsten (W) galvanic reaction erodes the interface of the metal Al(Cu) and the W stud. This leads to the loss of W and an increased Rc. 
     A further problem is the ring type residue, or when a high Rc occurs at the wafer edge due to penetration of TiN from an ACT wet clean. 
     Also, metal corrosion can occur that is caused by the reaction of chlorine gas and humidity to form HCl acid. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 4,501,061 to Wonnacott et al. describes a method for stripping an organic photoresist layer from a semiconductor device using CF 4  and O 2  plasma. The photoresist layer is oxidized with oxygen plasma and residual sulfur species are subsequently removed using a fluorine-containing plasma. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 5,378,653 to Yanagida describes a method of forming an Al-based pattern whereby dry etching with high selectively of an Al-based metallization layer and effective preventive measures for after-corrosion can be realized. If after etching residual chlorine is removed by O 2  plasma ashing or plasma processing using a fluorine based gas, durability to after-corrosion can be improved further. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 5,599,743 to Nakagawa et al. describes a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device that includes etching an aluminum or alloy film through a mask by chlorination and/or bromination with plasma. The film is exposed to either: a gas plasma not liable to deposit or oxidize, but capable of substituting fluoride for chloride and/or bromide; or a gas mixture plasma comprising hydrogen and the above mentioned gas. The device is then washed with water and the mask is removed. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 5,976,986 to Naeem et al. describes a low pressure and low power Cl 2 /HCl process for sub-micron metal etching. Cl 2  and HCl are used as reactant species by creating a transformer coupled plasma with power applied to electrodes positioned both above and below a substrate with metallization thereon to be etched. Three layer metallizations which include bulk aluminum or aluminum alloy sandwiched between barrier layers made from, for example, Ti/TiN, are etched in a three step process wherein relatively lower quantities of Cl 2  are used in the plasma during etching of the barrier layers and relatively higher quantities of Cl 2  are used during etching of the bulk aluminum or aluminum alloy layer. The ratio of etchants Cl 2  and HCl and an inert gas, such as N 2,  are controlled in a manner such that a very thin sidewall layer (10-100 Å) of reaction byproducts during RIE are deposited on the sidewalls of trenches within the etched metallization. The process does not use magnetic fields during etching. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 5,908,319 to Xu et al. describes forming a microwave plasma in a microwave downstream process from a gas that has a small quantity of fluorine to enhance ashing without substantial oxide loss. This process may be performed before or after other microwave downstream processes or reactive ion etching processes. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 5,795,831 to Nakayama et al. describes a method of removing a resist layer including a reactive ion etch (RIE) process and a downstream microwave process each performed at a wafer temperature no greater than about 60° C. The low temperature precludes having to pre-heat the resist to drive off solvents. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 5,709,757 to Hatano et al. describes a dry clean. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 6,017,826 to Zhou et al. describes a method for forming a patterned layer within a microelectronics fabrication. A first plasma etch method is used to etch a blanket hard mask using an overlying patterned photoresist layer as a first etch mask layer, while exposing a blanket chlorine containing plasma etchable layer. A second plasma etch method is used to etch the exposed blanket chlorine containing plasma etchable layer using at least the patterned blanket hard mask layer as a second etch mask layer. The second plasma etch sidewall passivation layer is formed upon a sidewall of the patterned chlorine containing plasma etchable layer. A third plasma etch method strips the sidewall passivation layer while sequentially oxidizing the sidewall of the patterned chlorine containing plasma etchable layer. The third plasma etch method employs a third etchant gas composition which, upon plasma activation, forms an oxygen containing oxidizing species. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 5,882,489 to Bersin et al. describes a method for removing a resist while avoiding the use of acids and industrial solvents. Plasma is used to remove organic compounds. The device is rinsed in deionized water (DI), and it is then sputtered with argon to remove inorganic compounds. The order of DI rinsing and argon sputtering may be reversed. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 5,578,133 to Sugino et al. describes a dry cleaning process for removing metal contaminants from a surface of an oxide film. A reaction area is formed on the oxide film such that a silicon surface is formed corresponding to the reaction area. A dry cleaning gas is supplied to the oxide film including the reaction area to produce silicon halide molecules. The dry cleaning gas being selected from the group essentially consisting of chlorine, bromine, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen bromide, and a mixture thereof. The silicon halide molecules so formed are supplied to a surface of the oxide film and metal elements existing on the surface of the oxide film are removed. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide an improved dry cleaning method after metal etch to prevent metal corrosion and pitting. 
     Another object of the present invention is to provide an improved dry cleaning method after metal etch to lower the defect density and engineering repair time. 
     It is a further object of the present invention to provide a fluorine containing gas/oxygen containing gas dry cleaning method without a downstream microwave power that uses magnetic power, a relatively low pressure, and medium bias RF power. 
     Other objects will appear hereinafter. 
     It has now been discovered that the above and other objects of the present invention may be accomplished in the following manner. Specifically, an etched metallization structure is provided and placed in a processing chamber. The etched metallization structure is cleaned by introducing a fluorine containing gas/oxygen containing gas mixture into the processing chamber proximate the etched metallization structure without the use of a downstream microwave while applying a magnetic field proximate the etched metallization structure and maintaining a pressure of less than about 50 millitorr within the processing chamber for a predetermined time. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     The features and advantages of the method of the present invention will be more clearly understood from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which like reference numerals designate similar or corresponding elements, regions and portions and in which: 
     FIGS. 1 through 5 schematically illustrate in cross-sectional representation a preferred embodiment of the present invention. 
     FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional representation of the tool that may be used with the present invention. 
     FIGS. 7A and 7B are top down, plan views of the permissible magnet orientations. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     Unless otherwise specified, all structures, layers, etc. may be formed or accomplished by conventional methods known in the prior art. 
     Metallization Structure 
     Accordingly as shown in FIG. 1, a conventional aluminum or aluminum alloy metallization typically is comprised of dielectric layer  30  (e.g. ILD, IMD, or oxide), bottom barrier layer  10 , bulk aluminum or aluminum alloy  12 , and upper barrier layer  14 . Patterned photoresist layer  16  overlies upper barrier layer  14 . 
     Barrier layers  10 ,  14  are preferably comprised of an inner Ti layer  10 B,  14 B adjacent bulk aluminum or aluminum alloy 12 , and outer TiN layer  10 A,  14 A facing away from bulk aluminum or aluminum alloy  12 . Barrier layers  10 ,  14  may also be comprised of other metal or metal alloys such as tantalum, tungsten, molybdenum, chromium, vanadium, niobium, zirconium, or metal-silicon nitrides. 
     Barrier layers  10 ,  14  are preferably from about 5 to 150 nm thick. 
     Bulk aluminum or aluminum alloy  12  is preferably an aluminum copper alloy with 0.5% copper (Al-0.5% Cu or just Al(Cu)). Al(Cu) layer  12  is preferably from about 100 to 1500 nm thick. 
     Photoresist layer  16  may be comprised of a variety of organic materials, such as Barl 900™ material manufactured by Brewer Science, U.S.A., or Novalic material because they are photosensitive. 
     Etching of Metallization Structure to Bottom Barrier Layer  10   
     As shown in FIG. 2, as the metallization is etched by a chlorine-containing plasma, certain byproducts such as aluminum chloride are pumped out of the reaction chamber. However, non-gaseous byproducts, which can include carbon, oxygen, titanium, or other materials will form a thin deposited film/layer/polymer  20  on the sidewalls  22  of trench  24  which is formed in region  18 . 
     These byproducts result from the reactions of photoresist  16  with the etchants, as well as the etching byproducts formed from barrier layer  14  (TiN layer  14 A/Ti layer  14 B) 
     The metallization etch process includes the following parameters: from about 0 to 100 sccm BCl 3  gas flow, from about 0 to 200 sccm Cl 2  gas flow, from about 0 to 20 sccm N 2  gas flow, from about 0 to 20 sccm CH 4  gas flow, and from about 0 to 20 sccm CHF 3 . Either a Lam Research model TCP 9600 tool or an AMAT (Applied Materials) model DPS metal tool may be used. 
     Etching of Metallization Structure through Bottom Barrier Layer  10  and Oxide Layer  30   
     As shown in FIG. 3, as the metallization is etched through bottom barrier layer  10  (Ti layer  10 B/TiN layer  10 A), polymer layer  20  extends to the etched sidewalls of barrier layer  10 . 
     Polymer layer  20  serves to protect sidewalls  22  from the etchant and preserve the anisotropic nature of the etching, i.e. maintenance of vertical sidewalls  22 . 
     Since the conventional metal stack for aluminum-0.5%copper alloy (Al(Cu)) is photoresist  16 /TiN layer  14 A/Ti layer  14 B/Al(Cu) layer  12 /Ti layer  10 B/TiN layer  10 A/oxide layer  30 , the property of the sidewall polymer  20  that forms over the sidewalls  22  of the etched structure is organic plus oxide-like. This polymer  20  is quite a bit stickier on the metal line and sidewall  22  after plasma etching and in-situ photoresist (PR)  16  stripping. A strategy is therefore needed for a dry clean oxide (sidewall polymer  20 ) and PR  16  removal. 
     Preferred Embodiment of the Present Invention 
     The inventors have discovered that removing the polymer layer  20  requires the use of a two step process (Step I and Step II): 
     STEP I. low pressure of less than 50 millitorr, more preferably from about 10 to 50 millitorr, and most preferably about 20 millitorr; 
     medium RF power of greater than about 200 W, more preferably from about 200 to 500 W, and most preferably about 300 W; 
     a magnetic field greater than about 10 gauss (G), more preferably from about 20 to 100 gauss, and most preferably about 20 gauss at a radio frequency of about 13.56 MHz; 
     and the use of a fluorine containing gas/oxygen containing gas mixture having a preferable fluorine gas:oxygen gas ratio about 1 to 4; the fluorine containing gas may be CF 4 , NF 3 , or CHF 3 , and is preferably CF 4 ; the oxygen containing gas may be O 2 , or O 3 , and is preferably O 2 . 
     at a hardware setting temperature from about 20 to 100° C.; 
     for from about 10 to 60 seconds and more preferably from about 28 to 32 seconds, and most preferably about 30 seconds; 
     followed by a: 
     STEP II. deionized water (DI) rinse step preferably with megasonic power from about 0 to 500 W to take away all the debris and PR ash. 
     As shown in FIG. 4, initial treatment of the structure of FIG. 3 leaves sidewall polymer residue  20  extending over outer TiN layer  14 A. 
     As shown in FIG. 5, further treating the structure of FIG. 4 in accordance with the present invention removes the polymer layer  20  from sidewalls  22  within trench  24  and from outer TiN layer  14 A. 
     FIG. 6 illustrates the major elements of the tool that may be used in the present invention. The wafer  60  is supported by an electrode statistic chuck (ESC)  62  within processing chamber  64 . RF power source  66  supplies the necessary RF power. Processing chamber  64  is flanked by magnetic field  68 . 
     FIGS. 7A and 7B, respectively, illustrate top down, plan views of two permissible magnet  70 A,  70 B,  70 C,  70 D; and  72 A,  72 B,  72 C, and  72 D, respectively, orientations. 
     The following tools/models may also be used in the invention: Lam Research model TCP 9600 tool and the AMAT model DPS-metal tool. The following tool configurations may also be used: magnetic enhanced RIE and magnetic confinement triode RIE. 
     The table below illustrates the contrasting parameters for two other dry cleaning process where “Dry Clean (A)” is a GaSonics vendor process, “Dry Clean (B)” is a Ulvac vendor process which each use a downstream microwave power; and the most preferred parameters for the step one of the present invention (“Invention”): 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
               
                 Process 
                 Dry Clean (A) 
                 Dry Clean (B) 
                 Invention 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Parameter 
                 Step 1 
                 Step 2 
                 Step 1 
                 Step 2 
                 One Step 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Platen Temp 
                  30 
                  30 
                  40 
                  30 
                  15 
               
               
                 (° C.) 
               
               
                 Pins 
                 Down 
                 Down 
                   2 
                  2 
                 — 
               
               
                 (up/down) 
               
               
                 Pressure 
                  700 
                 700 
                  450 
                 350 
                  20 
               
               
                 (millitorr) 
               
               
                 Microwave 
                 1400 
                 — 
                 1500 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 Power 
               
               
                 RF/Platen 
                 — 
                 200 
                  150 
                 225 
                 300 
               
               
                 Power 
               
               
                 O 2  (sccm) 
                  800 
                 — 
                  980 
                 — 
                  40 
               
               
                 N 2 /H 2  (sccm) 
                 — 
                 500 
                  100 
                 480 
                 — 
               
               
                 NF 3 (sccm)   
                 — 
                 — 
                  80 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 CF 4   
                  200 
                  50 
                 — 
                  20 
                  10 
               
               
                 Magnetic (G) 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                  20 
               
               
                 Step Time 
                  30 
                  30 
                  30 
                  20 
                  30 
               
               
                 (sec) 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     The significant parameters in the above table are in bold. Low pressure—most preferably 20 mT versus 350 to 700 mT in the prior processes; no microwave power versus 1400 to 1500 in the prior processes; and a magnetic field of most preferably 20 gauss versus no magnetic field in the prior processes, used in the dry cleaning method of the present invention admirably removes polymer layer  22  from within trench  24  versus the prior dry clean processes and without the attendant problems of metal corrosion and metal pitting, for example, common to prior wet cleaning processes. 
     Advantages of the Present Invention 
     It is believed that the use of a magnetic field with a low pressure without a downstream microwave power is an important feature of the invention as it can improve plasma density and increase ion acceleration. 
     Further advantages of the present invention include: 
     metal corrosion and metal pitting are prevented; 
     the defect density of the devices are lowered; 
     the time required to repair defects is minimized and so the product cycle time is lowered; 
     the yield is increased due to the decreased defect density; 
     elimination of wet chemicals reduces the cost of purchasing, handling and properly disposing such chemicals; and 
     no wet chemicals eliminates a source of electrolytes and so eliminates any deleterious electrogalavanic processes. 
     Process Known to the Inventors (Not Prior Art) 
     In processes known to the inventors, fluorine gas is useful for oxide removal (such as TiO x , AlO x , CuO x , and SiO 2 ), and an O 2 /N 2  gas mixture or an H 2 /N 2  gas mixture or both gas mixtures is useful for photoresist layer  16  removal/strip. So it would be anticipated that using fluorine gas with an O 2 /N 2  gas mixture or an H 2 /N 2  gas mixture or both gas mixtures would be useful to strip photoresist layer  16  and to remove sidewall polymer layer  20 . 
     However, attempts made using microwave power and the above combination gas mixture does not remove sidewall polymer layer  20  well. Further, attempts made to introduce the bottom power (bias RF power) also failed to effectively remove sidewall polymer layer  20 . 
     While particular embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it is not intended to limit the invention, except as defined by the following claims.