Abstract:
An embodiment provides a device for assisting fluid distribution that includes a ring having an inner surface disposed over an emitter tube and an engagement portion to secure the ring to the emitter tube. Another embodiment provides a flow-control system that includes an emitter tube having spaced orifices therein, emitters positioned within the emitter tube adjacent the spaced orifices, and spaced clips positioned on the emitter tube, the clips having an inner surface disposed over the emitter tube and an engagement portion to secure the ring to the emitter tube. Another embodiment provides a method for assisting fluid distribution that includes the following steps: selecting an emitter tube; installing emitters within the emitter tube; and mounting, to the emitter tube, rings, each having an inner surface disposed over the emitter tube and an engagement portion to secure each ring to the emitter tube.

Description:
BACKGROUND 
     The background description provided herein is for the purpose of generally presenting the context of the disclosure. Work of the presently named inventors, to the extent it is described in this background section, as well as aspects of the description that may not otherwise qualify as prior art at the time of filing, are neither expressly nor impliedly admitted as prior art against the present disclosure. Unless otherwise indicated herein, the approaches described in this section are not prior art to the claims in the present disclosure and are not admitted to be prior art by inclusion in this section. 
     The present invention is usable in mining, agriculture, and landscape industries. Drip or flow-rate controlled leaching systems have various mining applications. Drip irrigation systems or flow-rate controlled irrigation systems have many uses in agriculture or landscape applications. In each setting, it is desirable to control the amount of fluid, such as chemistries used in heap leach treatments or water used in irrigation, that flows through a system over a given period of time. In this regard, various flow-rate control systems may be employed. 
     Flow-rate control systems typically include an emitter tube and inline emitters evenly spaced along the emitter tube. In the typical scenario, a portion of fluid flowing through an emitter tube in a flow-rate control system flows through an in-line emitter and exits the emitter tube through an orifice in the tube. Because inline emitters are evenly spaced along the emitter tube, the flow-rate control system is able to achieve controlled and even fluid distribution. Sometimes, however, the portion of fluid that exits the inline emitter continues traveling along the outside length of the emitter tube and drops off at a distant location where the emitter tube comes into contact with the ground or where it is at its lowest point, rather than proximate the inline emitter. Where there is uneven elevation of even a few degrees, fluid deposited from an inline emitter may run along the length of an emitter tube in the direction of low elevation, resulting in uneven fluid distribution, with concentrations in areas of low elevation. 
     Emitter clips that have been designed to solve the problem of uneven fluid distribution in flow-rate systems suffer from design features that render them ineffective and/or expensive to use and maintain. First, conventional clips are prone to fluid circumventing the clip and continuing along the length of the tube, particularly in wet or high humidity climates. Second, conventional clips often include splits that facilitate mounting to the emitter tube by prying each clip open at the split to fit over the tube. Because the clips remain open at the split after assembly and are not otherwise secured to the emitter tube, however, they are susceptible to dislodgement when the emitter tube is dragged or pulled onto a field or ore heap. The loss of even a small percentage of emitter clips in this manner increases maintenance costs and diminishes the overall effectiveness of the flow-rate control system. 
     SUMMARY 
     An embodiment of the claimed invention provides a device for assisting fluid distribution in a flow-rate control system to be placed on an emitter tube having spaced emitters therein. The device includes a ring having an inner surface disposed over the emitter tube and an engagement portion including first and second ends, wherein the first and second ends of the engagement portion engage one another to secure the ring to the emitter tube. The device may also include a second engagement portion having third and fourth ends, wherein the third and fourth ends of the second engagement portion engage one another to secure the ring to the emitter tube. 
     Another embodiment provides a flow-control system for distributing fluid over a distance. The system includes a linear emitter tube having a plurality of spaced orifices therein, a plurality of emitters positioned within the emitter tube adjacent the spaced orifices, and a plurality of spaced clips positioned on the emitter tube. Each clip includes a ring having an inner surface disposed over the emitter tube and an engagement portion including first and second ends that engage one another to secure the ring to the emitter tube, the engagement portion including at least two complementing hooking portions that engage each other. 
     Another embodiment provides a method for assisting fluid distribution in a flow-rate control system. The method includes the following steps: selecting a linear emitter tube having a plurality of spaced orifices therein; installing a plurality of emitters within the emitter tube adjacent the spaced orifices; and mounting, to the emitter tube, a plurality of rings, each ring having an inner surface and an engagement portion including first and second ends, and in which the inner surface of each ring is disposed over the emitter tube and the first and second ends of each engagement portion of each ring are engaged to secure each ring to the emitter tube. 
     Another embodiment of the method includes mounting a plurality of clips wherein each clip includes third and fourth ends and the third and fourth ends of each ring are engaged to secure each ring to the emitter tube 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Subject matter is particularly pointed out and distinctly claimed in the concluding portion of the specification. The foregoing and other features of the present disclosure will become more fully apparent from the following description and appended claims, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Understanding that these drawings depict only several embodiments in accordance with the disclosure and therefore are not to be considered limiting of its scope, the disclosure will be described with additional specificity and detail through use of the accompanying drawings, in which: 
         FIG. 1A  is a partial schematic drawing of a prior art system, illustrating a flow-rate control system without emitter clips disposed thereon; 
         FIG. 1B  is a partial schematic drawing illustrating a flow-rate control system with a plurality of emitter clips disposed thereon in accordance with a first embodiment; 
         FIG. 2  is a close-up perspective view of an emitter clip disposed on an emitter tube in accordance with the first embodiment; 
         FIG. 3  is a perspective view of an emitter clip in accordance with the first embodiment; 
         FIG. 4  is a top view of the emitter clip depicted in  FIG. 3  in a closed position; 
         FIG. 5  is a top view of the emitter clip depicted in  FIG. 3  in an open position; 
         FIG. 6  is a perspective view of an emitter clip in accordance with a second embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 7  is a top view of the emitter clip depicted in  FIG. 6  in a closed position; 
         FIG. 8  is a top view of the emitter clip depicted in  FIG. 6  in an open position; 
         FIG. 9  is a perspective view of an emitter clip in accordance with a third embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 10  is a top view of the emitter clip depicted in  FIG. 9  in a closed position; 
         FIG. 11  is a top view of the emitter clip depicted in  FIG. 9  in an open position; 
         FIG. 12A  is a cross-sectional view of the emitter clip depicted in  FIG. 9 , at line  12 A- 12 A; 
         FIG. 12B  is a cross-sectional view of the emitter clip depicted in  FIG. 9 , at line  12 B- 12 B; 
         FIG. 12C  is a perspective view of the protruding members of the emitter clip depicted in  FIG. 9 ; 
         FIG. 13A  is a cross-sectional view of the emitter clip depicted in  FIG. 3 , at line  13 A- 13 A, as shown in  FIG. 4 ; 
         FIG. 13B  is a cross-sectional view of the emitter clip depicted in  FIG. 6 , at line  13 B- 13 B, as shown in  FIG. 7 ; and 
         FIG. 13C  is a cross-sectional view of the emitter clip depicted in  FIG. 9 , at line  13 C- 13 C, as shown in  FIG. 10 . 
         FIG. 14  is a top view of an emitter clip in accordance with a fourth embodiment of the invention. 
         FIG. 15  is a top view of the emitter clip depicted in  FIG. 14  in an open position. 
         FIG. 16  is a top view of an emitter clip in accordance with a fifth embodiment of the invention. 
         FIG. 17  is a top view of the emitter clip depicted in  FIG. 16  in an open position. 
         FIG. 18A  is a perspective view of one of the protruding members of the emitter clip depicted in  FIG. 16 . 
         FIG. 18B  is a perspective view of one of the receiving members of the emitter clip depicted in  FIG. 16 . 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Reference will now be made to the drawings wherein like numerals refer to like parts throughout. For ease of description, the components of embodiments of the present disclosure are described in the normal (upright) operating position, and terms such as upper, lower, horizontal, etc., are used with reference to this position. It will be understood, however, that the components of embodiments of the present disclosure may be manufactured, stored, transported, used, and sold in an orientation other than the position described. 
     Figures illustrating the components of embodiments of the present disclosure show some conventional mechanical elements that may be known and that may be recognized by one skilled in the art. The detailed descriptions of such elements are not necessary to an understanding of the disclosure and accordingly are herein presented only to the degree necessary to facilitate an understanding of the novel features of the present disclosure. 
     As used herein and in the appended claims, the term “comprising” is inclusive or open-ended and does not exclude additional unrecited elements, compositional components, or method steps. Accordingly, the term “comprising” encompasses the more restrictive terms “consisting essentially of” and “consisting of.” 
     It must be noted that, as used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” include plural references unless the content clearly dictates otherwise. Similarly, the use of substantially any plural terms herein may be translated by those having skill in the art from the plural to the singular as is appropriate to the context and/or application. The various singular/plural permutations may be expressly set forth herein for the sake of clarity. 
     In those instances where a convention analogous to “at least one of A, B, and C, etc.” is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense that one having skill in the art would understand the convention (e.g., “an apparatus having at least one of A, B, and C” would include but not be limited to apparatuses that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and/or A, B, and C together, etc.). It will be further understood by those within the art that virtually any disjunctive word and/or phrase presenting two or more alternative terms, whether in the description, claims, or drawings, should be understood to contemplate the possibilities of including one of the terms, either of the terms, or both terms. For example, the phrase “A or B” will be understood to include the possibilities of “A” or “B” or “A and B.” 
     As will be understood by one skilled in the art, for any and all purposes, such as in terms of providing a written description, all ranges disclosed herein also encompass any and all possible subranges and combinations of subranges thereof. Any listed range can be easily recognized as sufficiently describing and enabling the same range being broken down into at least equal halves, thirds, quarters, fifths, tenths, etc. As a non-limiting example, each range discussed herein can be readily broken down into a lower third, middle third and upper third, etc. As will also be understood by one skilled in the art, all language such as “up to,” “at least,” “greater than,” “less than,” and the like include the number recited and refer to ranges which can be subsequently broken down into subranges as discussed above. Finally, as will be understood by one skilled in the art, a range includes each individual member. Thus, for example, a group having 1-3 elements refers to groups having 1, 2, or 3 elements. Similarly, a group having 1-5 elements refers to groups having 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 elements, and so forth. 
     Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which embodiments of the present invention pertain. Although a number of methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice of the present invention, the preferred materials and methods are described herein. 
       FIG. 1A  is a partial schematic drawing illustrating a portion of a simplified flow-rate control system  10  without emitter clips in accordance with the prior art. Positioned at the surface of a field or ore bed, system  10  includes a linear emitter tube  12 , a plurality of emitters  14  positioned within the emitter tube, and orifices  16  on the surface of the emitter tube. Orifices  16  typically correspond with exit flow areas of emitters  14 . As shown in  FIG. 1A , fluid traveling through system  10  exits the emitter tube through orifice  16 . Rather than depositing into the ground at or proximate orifice  16 , the fluid travels along the length of emitter tube  12  and deposits into the ground at a low elevation point, such as position  18 . This result circumvents an objective of flow-rate control systems like system  10 , which is to evenly distribute fluid at or proximate the locations of orifices  16 . 
       FIG. 1B  is a partial schematic drawing illustrating a portion of a simplified flow-rate control system  20  in accordance with a first embodiment. While system  20  is positioned at the surface of a field or ore bed, it will be understood that a system according to the present embodiment may be positioned beneath or above the surface. System  20  includes a linear emitter tube  22 , a plurality of emitters  24  positioned within the emitter tube, orifices  26  on the surface of the emitter tube that correspond with exit flow areas of the emitters, and one or more devices  30  for assisting fluid distribution in a flow-rate control system, which are spaced between each emitter. Such devices are commonly referred to as “emitter clips” and will be referred to as such herein.  FIG. 2  depicts an enlarged perspective view of a section of emitter tube  22  with an emitter clip  30  disposed thereon in accordance with a first embodiment of the claimed invention. As shown in  FIG. 1B , in contrast to prior art system  10  in  FIG. 1A , fluid traveling through system  20  exits through orifice  26  and deposits into the ground at or proximate the location of emitter clip  30 , rather than continuing along the emitter tube and depositing at a low elevation point, such as position  28 . Accordingly, emitter clip  30  provides a solution to the problem of uneven fluid distribution in flow-rate control systems like system  20  where there is a drop in elevation. 
       FIGS. 2-5  and  13 A depict the first embodiment of the present invention.  FIG. 3  is an enlarged perspective view of emitter clip  30 .  FIG. 4  is a top view of the emitter clip  30  in a closed position.  FIG. 5  is a top view of emitter clip  30  in an open position.  FIG. 13A  is a cross-sectional view of the emitter clip  30  taken along line  13 A- 13 A of  FIG. 4 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 3 , emitter clip  30  includes a ring  40  and engagement portion  50 . Ring  40  includes an inner surface  44  that is disposed over an emitter tube, an outer surface  48  that extends radially outwardly from the ring, and lateral walls  46  that extend from the inner surface and converge to the outer surface. Engagement portion  50  includes a first end  60  and a second end  70 , which may be manipulated to open emitter clip  30 , as shown in  FIG. 5 , or engaged to close emitter clip  30 , as shown in  FIGS. 3-4 , or secure emitter clip  30  over an emitter tube, as shown in  FIG. 2 . First end  60  and second end  70  each includes a distal portion and proximal portion, distal portion  62  and proximal portion  64  and distal portion  72  and proximal portion  74 , respectively. Those portions will sometimes herein be referring to as hooking portions. 
     To secure an open emitter clip  30  (as depicted in  FIG. 5 ) to an emitter tube, first end  60  and second end  70  engage one another to close ring  40 , as shown in  FIGS. 3-4 . More specifically, in this embodiment, proximal portions  64  and  74  of the first and second ends engage to close the ring. While the depicted embodiment shows a particular physical configuration and manner of engagement, it will be understood that first end  60  and second end  70  may take on various physical configurations. 
     To remove a closed emitter clip  30  (as depicted in  FIGS. 3-4 ) from an emitter tube or prepare it for attachment to an emitter tube (as depicted in  FIG. 2 ), first end  60  and second end  70 , or more specifically, proximal portions  64  and  74 , disengage to open ring  40 , as shown in  FIG. 5 . To prevent ring  40  from snapping or breaking at or near the end diametrically opposed to engagement portion  50 , emitter clip  30  may be fabricated of flexible material, for example, various plastics known to be used in the field, such that first end  60  and second end  70  of engagement portion  50  are adapted to being pulled apart to facilitate placement of the ring over an emitter tube and then forced toward each other to engage and thereby secure the ring to the emitter tube. 
     As shown in  FIG. 3 , ring  40  includes an inner surface  44 , an outer surface  48 , and lateral walls  46  that extend radially outwardly from the inner surface to the outer surface. As shown most clearly in  FIG. 13A , a cross-sectional view of  FIG. 4  along line  13 A- 13 A, the thickness of inner surface  44  is typically greater than the thickness of outer surface  48 . This difference in thickness encourages fluid to deposit into the ground upon reaching outer surface  48  of emitter clip  30 , rather than bypassing outer surface  48  (and emitter clip  30  entirely) and continuing down the length of the emitter tube. While lateral walls  46  of the depicted embodiment are planar, it will be understood that an emitter clip according to the present invention may have lateral walls that are concave, convex, or otherwise curved. In addition, rather than converging to an outer surface with an appreciable thickness, lateral walls  46  may converge to an outer surface with minimal thickness, i.e., to a point. 
       FIGS. 6-8  and  13 B depict a second embodiment of the present invention.  FIG. 6  is an enlarged perspective view of an emitter clip  130 .  FIG. 7  is a top view of emitter clip  130  in a closed position.  FIG. 8  is a top view of emitter clip  130  in an open position.  FIG. 13B  is a cross-sectional view of emitter clip  130  taken along line  13 B- 13 B of  FIG. 7 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 6 , as in the first embodiment, emitter clip  130  includes a ring  140  and engagement portion  50 ; ring  140  includes an inner surface  144 , outer surface  148 , and lateral walls  146 ; and engagement portion  150  includes a first end  160  and a second end  170 , which in turn, include distal portions  162  and  172  and proximal portions  164  and  174 , respectively. These elements of second embodiment emitter clip  130  appear and function substantially the same as first embodiment emitter clip  30 . 
     Unlike the first embodiment, emitter clip  130  includes a flexible portion  180 , in addition to ring  140  and engagement portion  150 . Flexible portion  180  is spaced in diametric opposition to engagement portion  150  and includes an aperture  184  extending axially through the ring and a slit  188  extending radially inwardly toward inner surface  144 . It will be understood that other embodiments contemplated by the claimed invention may position aperture  184  adjacent inner surface  144  and thereby omit slit  188 . In this particular embodiment, however, aperture  184  and slit  188  provide emitter clip  130  the flexibility to open and close, as shown in  FIGS. 7-8 . It is contemplated that where flexible material to manufacture the first embodiment is not available, a manufacturer may incorporate features such as aperture  184  and slit  188  to provide the necessary flexibility for an emitter clip to open and close. However, even if flexible material is used, a manufacture may nonetheless choose to include features such as aperture  184  and slit  188  to provide additional assurance against breakage. While flexible portion  180  of the depicted embodiment includes the particular physical configuration of aperture  184  and slit  188  depicted, it will be understood that the present invention contemplates variations of aperture  184  and slit  188 , including variations of different shapes and sizes. 
       FIGS. 9-12  and  13 C depict a third embodiment of the present invention.  FIG. 9  is an enlarged perspective view of an emitter clip.  FIG. 10  is a top view of the emitter clip in a closed position.  FIG. 11  is a top view of the emitter clip in an open position.  FIGS. 12A and 12B  are cross-sectional views of the emitter clip taken along lines  12 A- 12 A and  12 B- 12 B of  FIG. 9 , respectively.  FIG. 12C  is an expanded perspective view of protruding members of the emitter clip.  FIG. 13C  is a cross-sectional view of the emitter clip taken along line  13 C- 13 C of  FIG. 10 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 9 , similar to the first and second embodiments, emitter clip  230  includes a ring  240  comprised of an inner surface  244 , outer surface  248 , and lateral walls  246 . Ring  240  of third embodiment emitter clip  230  appears and functions substantially the same as first and second embodiment emitter clips  30  and  130 , except that lateral walls  246  are substantially perpendicular to the inner and outer surfaces, and the thickness of the inner and outer surfaces are substantially the same, as most clearly shown in  FIG. 13C . However, it will be understood that an emitter clip according to the present embodiment may have lateral walls that converge at the outer surface and outer surfaces whose thickness is less than that of the inner surfaces, as depicted in the first and second embodiments. 
     Like the first and second embodiments, engagement portion  250  of emitter clip  230  includes a first end  260  and a second end  270  that may be engaged to open and close emitter clip  230 , as shown in  FIGS. 10-11 . However, unlike the first embodiment  30 , emitter clip  230  includes a hinge portion  280  and a plurality of protruding and receiving members. First end  260  includes a plurality of protruding members  262  and second end  270  includes a plurality of receiving members  272 .  FIGS. 12A and 12B  depict cross-sectional views of receiving members  272  and protruding members  262  along lines  12 A- 12 A and  12 B- 12 B of  FIG. 9 , respectively. A close-up view of protruding members  262  is provided in  FIG. 12C . Typically, there is a corresponding number of protruding members  262  and receiving members  272 . In other embodiments (not depicted here), first and second ends may include a mix of protruding members and receiving members. Like the first embodiment, these four protruding and receiving members will sometimes herein be referred to as hooking portions. 
     While the depicted embodiment shows engagement portion  250  having a particular physical configuration, it will be understood that first and second ends  260  and  270 , respectively, may take on various physical configurations. The advantage of having a plurality of protruding members and receiving members according to the present embodiment is that should one or more protruding members of an emitter clip break or become damaged, the remaining protruding members continue to function, and as a result, and the emitter clip stays secured on the emitter tube. 
     Hinge portion  280  includes a slot  284  extending radially inwardly toward the inner surface  244  and a connection portion  288  spaced between slot  284  and outer surface  248 . Slot  284  and connection portion  288  allow emitter clip  230  the flexibility to open and close, as shown in  FIGS. 10-11 . It is contemplated that where manufacture of the first embodiment is not possible due to cost or lack of flexible material, a manufacturer may incorporate features such as aperture  184  and slit  188  of second embodiment  130  or slot  284  and connection portion  288  of third embodiment  230  to provide the necessary flexibility for the emitter clip to open and close. Even if flexible material is used, a manufacture may nonetheless choose to include one or more of these features to provide additional assurance against breakage. While hinge portion  280  of the depicted embodiment includes a particular physical configuration of slot  284  and connection portion  288 , it will be understood that the present invention contemplates variations of slot  284  and connection portion  288 , including those of different shapes and sizes. 
       FIGS. 14 and 15  depict a fourth embodiment of the present invention  330 . Similar to the first and second embodiments, emitter clip  330  includes a ring  340  comprised of an inner surface  344 , outer surface  348 , and lateral walls  346 . Ring  340  of fourth embodiment emitter clip  330  appears and functions substantially the same as first and second embodiment emitter clips  30  and  130 . Like those emitter clips, lateral walls  346  may converge such that the outer surface  348  has a thickness that is less than that of the inner surface  344 , as shown in  FIGS. 13A  and B depicting the first and second embodiments. 
     Like the first and second embodiments, engagement portion  350  of emitter clip  330  includes a first end  360  and a second end  370  that may be engaged to open and close emitter clip  330 , as shown in  FIGS. 14 and 15 , or to secure emitter clip  330  over an emitter tube, as shown in  FIG. 2  with respect to the first embodiment  30 . First end  360  and second end  370  include a distal portion  362 , a proximal portion  364 , a distal portion  372  and a proximal portion  374 , respectively. As with the prior embodiments, those portions may sometimes herein be referring to as hooking portions. 
     However, unlike the first embodiment  30 , and like the second and third embodiments  130  and  230 , emitter clip  330  includes a hinge  380 . Unlike hinge portions  180  and  280 , the hinge of emitter clip  330  includes two hinge portions  380   a  and  380   b . Thus, hinge  380  of emitter clip  330  is compound in that it includes two slits  384   a  and  384   b  and two connecting portions  388   a  and  388   b . In certain applications this might be preferable than the embodiments having a single hinge portion. 
     As shown in  FIG. 15 , the depicted emitter clip  330  includes in its engagement portion  350  a circumferentially extending groove  376  and complementing rib  378  that engage each other when emitter clip  330  is closed over an emitter tube. This configuration may tend to limit twisting or relative axial movement of the joining portions, and thereby reduce the likelihood of accidental dislodging of emitter clip  330 . 
       FIGS. 16 ,  17 ,  18 A and  18 B depict a fifth embodiment of the present invention. Similar to the other embodiments, emitter clip  430  includes a ring  440  comprised of an inner surface  444 , outer surface  448 , and lateral walls  446 . Ring  440  of fifth embodiment emitter clip  430  appears and functions substantially the same as the other embodiments but instead of flexing like emitter clip  30 , or having hinged portions like emitter clips  130 ,  230  and  330 , emitter clip  430  is formed of two halves  440   a  and  440   b . Like those emitter clips, lateral walls  446  may converge such that the outer surface  448  has a thickness that is less than that of the inner surface  444 , as shown in  FIG. 18A . 
     Because it includes two halves, emitter clip  430  includes two engagement portions  450   a  and  450   b . Each engagement portion includes a first end  460   a  or  460   b  and a second end  470   a  or  470   b  that may be engaged to open and close emitter clip  430  over an emitter tube, as shown in  FIG. 2  with respect to the first embodiment  30 . First ends  460   a  and  460   b  and second ends  470   a  and  470   b  each include a distal portion  462   a  or  462   b  and a proximal portion  464   a  or  464   b . As with the prior embodiments, those portions may sometimes herein be referring to as hooking portions. 
       FIGS. 18A and 18B  show that, much like embodiment  330 , each of the engagement portions  450   a  and  450   b  may include a circumferentially extending groove  476   a  or  476   b  and complementing rib  478   a  or  478   b  that engage each other when emitter clip  430  is closed over an emitter tube. As with emitter clip  330 , this configuration may tend to limit twisting or relative axial movement of the joining portions, and thereby reduce the likelihood of accidental dislodging of emitter clip  430 . 
     Although certain embodiments have been illustrated and described herein for purposes of description, a wide variety of alternate and/or equivalent embodiments or implementations calculated to achieve the same purposes may be substituted for the embodiments shown and described without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. This application is intended to cover any adaptations or variations of the embodiments discussed herein. Therefore, it is manifestly intended that embodiments described herein be limited only by the claims and the equivalents thereof.