Abstract:
A method and system utilizes presence information for a device. The method and system comprise receiving a communication indicating a change to a user activity from a first device operated by a user. The existing presence status of the user to the presence status associated with the user activity for the user of a second device is automatically changed in response to the received change to the user activity. The second device is informed of the changing of the existing presence status for the second device to automatically alter a capability of the second device based on the changing of the existing presence status and based on a stored indication from the user on how the capability is to be altered.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    The present application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/903,576 filed on Jul. 30, 2004 and assigned to the assignee of the present application. The present application is also related to co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/960,365 entitled “System and Method for Utilizing Contact Information, Presence Information and Device Activity” filed on Oct. 6, 2004, and assigned to the assignee of the present application. The present application is also related to co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/900,558 entitled “System and Method for Providing and Utilizing Presence Information” filed on Jul. 28, 2004 and assigned to the assignee of the present application. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND 
       [0002]    The subject matter disclosed herein relates to instant messaging services and more particularly to providing and utilizing presence information on a client, particularly a multiple user device. 
         [0003]    Instant messaging services provide a well known mechanism for allowing computer users to communicate online for example by sending a message or chatting with another user. Such services are typically provided by AOL, MSN, Yahoo, and other similar service providers. Certain data associated with a user of such instant messaging services is known as presence information. Presence information typically consists of one or more presence tuples, which represent the status, an optional activity address, and other information relating to the user. The status of the user can simply be open or closed, when the computer system will or will not accept instant messages for the user. Other examples of the status of the user can include “online”, “away from my desk”, “stepped out”, or “on the phone”. Based on the status of a user, other users may decide whether to initiate activities with the user. Contact information can include contact addresses such as email address, ftp addresses, or postal addresses. More information on instant messaging and presence information can be found in Request for Comment (RFC) 2778, RFC 2779, and Jabber Enhancement Proposal (JEP 0119). 
         [0004]    As part of instant messaging services, a conventional friends list is often supported. Such a conventional friends list provides a user with presence information related to other entities (e.g. other users of the instant messaging service) who are associated with the user. More specifically, status information for the “friends” is provided in the friends list. For example, while a user is online, the conventional friends list is typically displayed in a window on the user&#39;s display. Using the friends list, a user can determine whether to send a message to an entity on the friends list. For example, if a particular friend&#39;s status is “busy” or “away from my desk,” the user may opt not to attempt to start a chat session with that particular friend. 
         [0005]    Moreover, instant messaging allows limited association between the actions that a user is taking and the status of the user. More particularly, some conventional instant messaging applications that reside on the device have internet radios incorporated into the application. When a user plays the radio, the conventional instant messaging application notes that the internal radio is being used and alters the user&#39;s status, for example to “busy”. Similarly, some conventional instant messaging applications take note of activity on a keyboard for the device. The instant messaging application monitors the activity on the keyboard for the device on which the instant messaging application resides. If the keyboard is not used for a period of time the instant messaging application may change the user&#39;s status to “idle”. 
         [0006]    Although conventional instant messaging services and conventional friends lists are useful, one of ordinary skill in the art will readily recognize that there are significant drawbacks to such conventional instant messaging services. In particular, there is no requirement that another instant messaging user respect the status of another user. For example, suppose a first user has a friends list including a second user. The second user&#39;s status is listed as “busy” or “away from my desk”. However, the first user may still attempt to communicate with the second user, for example by calling or initiating a chat session. The second user will still receive the call or the message indicating that the first user has initiated a communication. The second user may, therefore, still be distracted by the communication. Such distractions may be annoying or, in the case where the second user is engaged in an activity such as driving a car, even dangerous. Furthermore, a user may forget to change their status when engaging in an activity, including activities involving other devices. For example, a user may be on the phone, driving a car, or otherwise busy, but forget to change their status to “busy”. As a result, others having access to the user&#39;s status may not realize that the user is busy and attempt to contact the user. Again, the communication may prove to be distracting, annoying, and even dangerous. Thus, despite the use of presence information, there are drawbacks to conventional instant messaging services. 
         [0007]    Accordingly, what is needed is a method and system for improving communications between instant messaging service users based upon the status information. The subject matter addresses such a need. 
       BRIEF SUMMARY 
       [0008]    The subject matter described provides a method and system for utilizing presence information for a device. The method and system comprise receiving a communication indicating a change to a user activity from a first device operated by a user. The existing presence status of the user to the presence status associated with the user activity for the user of a second device is automatically changed in response to the received change to the user activity. The second device is informed of the changing of the existing presence status for the second device to automatically alter a capability of the second device based on the changing of the existing presence status and based on a stored indication from the user on how the capability is to be altered. 
         [0009]    The method and system disclosed herein allows the status information to be updated based upon a change in the user&#39;s activities, or the capabilities of the device to be updated based upon a change in the status. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0010]      FIG. 1  is a high-level flow chart of one embodiment of a method in accordance with the teachings herein for harmonizing status, user activities, and device capabilities using presence information. 
           [0011]      FIG. 2  is a high-level flow chart of another embodiment of a method in accordance with the teachings herein for updating device capabilities based upon a status change in the presence information for a user. 
           [0012]      FIG. 3  is a more detailed flow chart of one embodiment of a method in accordance with the teachings herein for updating the presence information for a user based upon a change in activities of the user. 
           [0013]      FIG. 4  is a high-level block diagram of one embodiment of a system in accordance with the teachings herein for providing presence information to a user. 
           [0014]      FIG. 5  is a high-level block diagram of one embodiment of a service in accordance with the teachings herein for providing presence information to a user. 
           [0015]      FIG. 6  is a more detailed diagram of the interaction between the system and the service in accordance with the teachings herein. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0016]    The following description is presented to enable one of ordinary skill in the art to make and use the subject matter disclosed herein and is provided in the context of a patent application and its requirements. Various modifications to the preferred embodiments and the generic principles and features described herein will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art. Thus, the claimed subject matter is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and features described herein. 
         [0017]    The subject matter provides a method and system for utilizing presence information for a device. The method and system comprise detecting at least one of a status change in a status for the user and an activity change in an activity associated with a capability of the device. The detection of the activity change includes a second device communicating the activity change with a presence service. The method and system also comprise automatically altering the capability of the device if the change in the status is detected or automatically altering the status if the change in the activity is detected. 
         [0018]    The claimed subject matter will be described in terms of a particular method having certain steps. However, one of ordinary skill in the art will readily recognize that a method in accordance with the subject matter can include other and/or additional steps not inconsistent with the subject matter. Similarly, the subject matter will be described in terms of particular devices, such as cellular or other telephones and digital cameras. However, one of ordinary skill in the art will readily recognize that the method and system in accordance with the teachings herein can include other and/or additional components not inconsistent with the claimed subject matter. The subject matter will also be described in terms of a single capability, a single activity, and a particular status. However, one of ordinary skill in the art will readily recognize that the method and system apply to multiple capabilities, multiple activities, and multiple statuses. 
         [0019]      FIG. 1  is a high-level flow chart of one embodiment of a method  100  in accordance with the subject matter for harmonizing status, user activities, and capabilities of a device using presence information. In one embodiment, the device is a telephone having data capabilities. In alternate embodiment, the device might be a digital imaging device such as a digital camera, a personal computer, a laptop computer, or other device having data capabilities. In one embodiment, the method  100  commences after the user has already provided their identity, particularly for a device that has multiple users. The method  100  also preferably starts after presence information, such as the user&#39;s status, has been provided to a presence service that is preferably analogous to an instant messaging service. At least one of a change in a status for the user and a change in activities associated with capabilities of the device is detected, via step  102 . The capability with which the activities or status is associated is preferably one which relates to communication using the device. In step  102 , detection of the change in activity includes a second device communicating the activity change with a presence service. Thus, the change in activity is not detected directly by the device for which the status may be altered. Instead, the second device with which the activity is associated informs the presence service of the activity change or initiation. Also in a preferred embodiment, the presence service then updates the device as to the change in the activity. The activities may include being on the phone, away from the device, engaged in a chat session, capturing an image or video, driving an automobile or engaged in another activity that renders the user unable or unwilling to communicate using the device. Thus, the capabilities may include receiving an email message, sending an email message, receiving an incoming telephone call, or initiating a telephone call. However, the change in activity is not detected directly by the device to which the capabilities relate. Instead, the device is preferably informed of the change by the presence service. The change in status may include but is not limited to changing between “available” and statuses which indicate the user desires to be undisturbed such as “on the phone”, “busy”, or “away from the desk”. The capabilities of the device are automatically altered if the change in the status is detected or the status is automatically altered if changes in the activities described above are detected, via step  104 . Thus, the capabilities of the device may be altered to reflect changes in status or the status may be altered to reflect changes in activities affecting the capabilities of the device. In one embodiment, in response to the communication of the activity change from the second device, the presence service informs the device of the activity change. The device may then ensure that the status is changed. In an alternate embodiment, the presence service could change the status based on the communication from the second device, then inform the device of the change. In a further embodiment the second device which detects the activity updates the user status with the presence service which then informs the device. However, other mechanisms might be used. For example, if the device is a telephone and the status of the user changes from “available” to “on the phone”, the capability of the user&#39;s instant messaging client running on a PC to receive messages may be disabled. In another example, if the user turns on a digital camera and sets it to capture mode, the users&#39; status is updated to “taking a picture” or “busy”. The capability of the user&#39;s phone to ring is disabled. The user&#39;s phone may be integrated into the same device as the user&#39;s camera or in a separate device. Similarly, if the user&#39;s status changes from driving a car (and thus “unavailable” for answering incoming messages on their cell phone) to no longer driving the car and thus “available”, the capability of the telephone to ring in response to incoming calls may be enabled. Alternatively, if the user picks up a telephone linked to the user&#39;s computer, then the method  100  allows the computer to automatically alter the user&#39;s current status to “on the phone”, preferably by sending a message to a presence service. In addition, once the method  100  is utilized for updating the status of a device based upon a change in the user&#39;s activities, the method  100  may then be used to alter the capabilities of that or another device based upon the change in status. The reverse is also true. Thus, using the method  100 , the user&#39;s status, activities and the capabilities of the device may be harmonized. 
         [0020]      FIG. 2  is a high-level flow chart of another embodiment of a method  110  in accordance with the subject matter for updating capabilities of a device based upon a status change in the presence information for a user. In one embodiment, the device is a telephone having data capabilities. In alternate embodiment, the device might be a digital imaging device such as a digital camera, a personal computer, a laptop computer, or other device having data capabilities. In one embodiment, the method  110  commences after the user has already provided their identity, particularly for a device that has multiple users. The method  110  also preferably starts after presence information, such as the user&#39;s status, has been provided to a presence service that is preferably analogous to an instant messaging service. The device has a number of capabilities. In a preferred embodiment, at least some of the capabilities relate to communication using the device. A user is allowed to specify a portion of the plurality of capabilities associated with a particular status, via step  112 . For example, the capabilities associated with “on the phone” might include sending incoming telephone calls straight to voicemail, disabling the ringer on the phone, and accepting incoming email messages. Thus, step  112  may include specifying that certain capabilities are to be enabled while other capabilities are to be disabled for a particular status. Change(s) in the status for the user are detected, via step  114 . Changes in status can be considered to be equivalent to a particular, new status becoming a current status of the user. Capabilities of the device are automatically enabled and/or disabled such that only the appropriate capabilities associated with the particular status of the user are enabled, via step  116 . 
         [0021]    Thus, using the method  110 , the capabilities of the device are updated in response to a change in the user&#39;s status. For example, a user may change their status to “on the phone.” Such a status change is detected in step  114 . As a result, the capability of the device to receive instant messages, except those from a call participant, may be disabled in step  116 . Similarly, a user may start their car, which is capable of updating the user&#39;s status to “not available.” When starting the car, the user also preferably identifies themself, in one embodiment by using a unique key. The status of the user is updated, for example by the car sending a message to the presence service (not depicted in  FIG. 2 ) indicating that the user&#39;s status is to be changed to “not available.” As a result of the change in status, the capability of the user&#39;s mobile telephone to accept incoming calls and messages may be disabled in step  116 . Consequently, the capabilities of the device are updated to reflect a change in the user&#39;s status. Thus, even if another entity chooses not to respect the user&#39;s status, such as “unavailable,” the user need not be bothered by unwanted attempts at communication. Similarly, when a user is capturing an image or video, the capabilities of the user&#39;s phone and messaging client are altered so as not to disturb the activity. When status is combined with location, data devices in the vicinity of the user, such as a doorbell, may have their capabilities altered so as not to disturb the user&#39;s activity. 
         [0022]      FIG. 3  is a more detailed flow chart of one embodiment of a method  150  in accordance with the subject matter for updating the presence information for a user based upon a change in activities of the user that are associated with capabilities of a device. In one embodiment, the device is a telephone having data capabilities. In alternate embodiment, the device might be a digital imaging device such as a digital camera, a personal computer, a laptop computer, or other device having data capabilities. In one embodiment, the method  150  commences after the user has already provided their identity, particularly for a device that has multiple users. The method  150  also preferably starts after presence information, such as the user&#39;s status, has been provided to a presence service that is preferably analogous to an instant messaging service. The device has a number of capabilities. In a preferred embodiment, at least some of the capabilities relate to communication using the device. 
         [0023]    The user may optionally be allowed to specify particular statuses associated with certain activities, via step  152 . Note that in some embodiments, some activities may not be associated with a particular status. In some embodiments, the user may specify the status associated with some activities, while default statuses are associated with other activities. In other embodiments, the user may not be allowed to specify the status associated with a particular activity. Instead, the status associated with certain activities may be determined by another entity, such as the presence service (not depicted in  FIG. 3 ). Thus, in an alternate embodiment, certain activities are associated with default statuses. 
         [0024]    A change in the activities being carried out by the user and/or the initiation of certain activities by the user are detected, via step  154 . The detection performed in step  154  includes the change and/or initiation of activities includes a second device communicating the change and/or initiation with a presence service. In some embodiments, an initiation of certain activities can be considered to be a subset of a change in these activities and, therefore, need not be separately detected. Thus, the user is now engaged in particular, current activities. In a preferred embodiment, these activities are associated with communication capabilities of a device. The particular status, if any, associated with the particular activity is determined, via step  156 . Step  156  thus may include sending a query to the presence service indicating the current activity and receiving the status associated with the activity if such information is stored by the presence service. Alternatively, the device on which the activity is performed or the device with which the status is associated may be used to determine the status associated with the activity. The status for the user is allowed to be updated based on the particular activity, via step  158 . In one embodiment, step  158  includes sending a request to a presence service to update the status in the presence information for the user. 
         [0025]    Thus, using the method  150 , the user&#39;s status is automatically updated in response to the initiation of or changes in activities of the user. For example, the method  150  might be used to update the user&#39;s status for a personal computer. The user may initiate a call on their mobile phone. The initiation of the call is detected in step  154 , including the phone sending a notification to the presence service that a call has been initiated or requesting a status update associated with the current activity. In one embodiment, the presence service notifies other device(s), such as the personal computer, of the initiation of the call. The status associated with the call, in this case “on the phone”, is determined in step  156 . In one embodiment, the determination of the status associated with the activity may take place at the presence service or in the device. In the example above, the presence service might determine the status for the personal computer associated with the phone call or the personal computer may determine its status associated with the call. The device sends a request to the presence service to alter the user&#39;s status to “on the phone” in step  158 . Thus, the personal computer may send a request to the presence service to have the user&#39;s status updated to “on the phone.” Similarly, a user may enter their car and start the car using a unique key identifying the user. The change in activities, driving a car, is detected in step  154 . The car thus sends a message to the presence service that the user is driving the car. The status associated with driving a car, for example “not available”, is determined in step  156 . The presence service is accessed to change the user&#39;s status to “not available” or another status for a device, such as a personal computer or cell phone. In another example, the user may change the mode of a camera, the second device described above, to capture mode. The camera detecting this change in step  154  determines the user&#39;s status associated with image capture activity is “busy” in step  156 . The camera accesses the presence service and updates the user&#39;s status to “busy”. This status is communicated to another device, such as a cell phone. Alternatively, the camera accesses the presence service and communicates the change in activity. The presence service communicates the activity change to the cell phone, which ensures that the status is changed to “busy”. Moreover, the methods  110  and  150  may be combined. As a result, once the status is updated as described above, the capabilities of one or more of the device(s) associated with the user may be selectively enabled and/or disabled based upon the new status. Thus, the user&#39;s status, the user&#39;s activities, and the capabilities of the device(s) the user employs may be harmonized. 
         [0026]      FIG. 4  is a high-level block diagram of one embodiment of a system  200  in accordance with the subject matter for providing presence information to a user. The system  200  may be implemented by a device, such as a telephone, digital imaging device, or personal computer. The system  200  includes a presence user agent  217 , a watcher user agent  220 , and a capabilities monitor  219 . The presence user agent  217  communicates with and on behalf of the user. The watcher user agent  220  receives data from the service. The capabilities monitor  219  is preferably used in implementing the methods  100 ,  110 , and  150 . In particular, the capabilities monitor  219  can detect changes in the status for the user via the watcher user agent and/or changes activities associated with capabilities of the device. The capabilities monitor  219  also automatically alters the capability of the device if the change in the status is detected and/or is used to automatically alter the status via the presence user agent if the change in the activity is detected. For example, if the activity is changed on the device, the capabilities monitor could contact the presence service using the presence user agent as part of the detection of the change. As a result, the status on other devices, as well as the device  200 , can be updated. If a change in status is made, then the capabilities monitor  219  preferably communicates with the presence user agent  217 , which contacts the presence service (not shown) with a request to update the user&#39;s status. In one embodiment, the capability monitor  219  alters the capabilities of the device by enabling or disabling some portion of the capabilities of the device so that the appropriate capabilities for the status are enabled. In one embodiment, the capabilities monitor  291  also allows the user to specify the capabilities associated with a particular status. Similarly, the capabilities monitor also preferably allows the user to specify a particular status associated with each of at least one activity. Functions of the presence user agent  217 , the capabilities monitor  219 , and the watcher user agent  220  will also be described below, in  FIG. 6 . 
         [0027]      FIG. 5  is a high-level block diagram of one embodiment of a service  210  in accordance with the subject matter for providing presence information to a user. The service  210  includes a presence service  221  and a lookup service  225 . The presence service  221  and the lookup service  225  may be integrated or independent and may or may not be run on the same server. The presence service  221  communicates with the system  200  of  FIG. 4  to receive the necessary information, such as user identification, or requests to change the status of the user. The presence service  221  also provides presence information to the system  200 . The lookup service  225  takes address information as input and returns a key for the associated presence tuple. For example, the lookup service  225  would be used to map a phone number to a user name which the presence service  221  would use to retrieve the associated presence tuple. Functions of the presence service  221  and the lookup service  225  will also be described below, in  FIG. 6 . 
         [0028]      FIG. 6  is a more detailed diagram  300  of the interaction between the system  200  and the service  210  in accordance with the subject matter. Thus, the systems  200  and  210  of  FIGS. 4 and 5 , respectively, are depicted in  FIG. 6 . The system  200  can be implemented in the devices, such as the camera, the mobile phone and the PC, collectively referred to as devices  310 . Note that the system  200  could also be implemented using other devices (not shown). For clarity, only the PC is depicted as including the system  200 . In addition, a capability monitor  219 , which interfaces with capability mappings  218 , is also provided. The overall system  300  indicates that activity is provided between the systems  200  and  210  via the internet  315 . However, note that another mechanism, including an internal network, might be used. 
         [0029]    The service  210  interfaces with the presence data  330  and the directory data  335 . The presence data  330  and directory data  335  may be implemented on the same or different databases. The presence data includes presence information, preferably in the form of presence tuples that are preferably indexed using the identity of the corresponding entity (or user). The directory data  335  includes information used in lookups. 
         [0030]    In operation, the capability monitor  219 , through communication with the presence user agent  217 , watcher user agent  220 , and the service  210  implements most of the methods  100 ,  110 , and  150 . In particular, the watcher user agent  220  can receive user presence information including a user identity for a user, and changes actually made to the user&#39;s status. The presence user agent  217  communicates with the user, provides an identification of the user to the service  210 , and indicates to the service  210  that an activity related to a recipient is initiated by the user. The watcher user agent  220  receives from the service  210  the status of the user, particularly in response to a notification that the activities on the device have been initiated or changed. Further, the capabilities monitor operates as described above with respect to and depicted in  FIG. 3 . 
         [0031]    Thus, using the system  300 , the user&#39;s activities, the capabilities of devices, and the presence information are harmonized. Further, the system  300  may be used to perform one or more of the methods  100 ,  110 , and  150 . Consequently, the benefits of the methods  100 ,  110 , and  150  may be achieved. 
         [0032]    A method and system for harmonizing presence information with device capabilities and user activities has been disclosed. The subject matter has been described in accordance with the embodiments shown, and one of ordinary skill in the art will readily recognize that there could be variations to the embodiments, and any variations would be within the spirit and scope of the subject matter. Software written according to the subject matter is to be stored in some form of computer-readable storage medium, such as memory, CD-ROM and the like, and executed by a processor. Accordingly, many modifications may be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the appended claims. 
         [0033]    The methods described herein can be embodied in executable instructions stored in a computer-readable medium for use by or in connection with an instruction execution machine, system, apparatus, or device, such as a computer-based or processor-containing machine, system, apparatus, or device. As used here, a “computer-readable medium” can include one or more of any suitable media for storing the executable instructions of a computer program in one or more of an electronic, magnetic, optical, and electromagnetic form, such that the instruction execution machine, system, apparatus, or device can read (or fetch) the instructions from the computer readable medium and execute the instructions for carrying out the described methods. A non-exhaustive list of conventional exemplary computer readable medium includes: a portable computer diskette; a random access memory (RAM); a read only memory (ROM); an erasable programmable read only memory (EPROM or Flash memory); optical storage devices, including a portable compact disc (CD), a portable digital video disc (DVD), and the like.