Abstract:
An apparatus for supporting a preform is provided. The apparatus comprises a shaft defining a groove. A deformable element is arranged in the groove. A split ring having at least two pieces is provided. Each of the pieces has an inner surface facing the deformable member and an outer surface. At least one of the pieces has a protrusion extending from its inner surface. The protrusion is arranged adjacent to the deformable element and the split ring being moveable in a radial direction whereby the protrusion causes the deformable element to be compressed in the groove.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
       [0001]     1. Field of the Invention  
         [0002]     The present invention relates generally to an apparatus and method for supporting a preforms and more particularly to an apparatus and method that can accommodate preforms having different dimensions.  
         [0003]     2. Related Art  
         [0004]     A preform support device is used to secure a preform in place so that the preform can be moved. Preform support devices can be coupled together in an endless chain for transferring preforms. A preform transfer chain consisting of such devices is found especially in plants for manufacturing containers, such as bottles, flasks or the like, made of a plastic, especially a thermoplastic such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET). More particularly, a transfer chain formed in this way is used to move the preforms from a charging station up to and through a heating oven (tunnel oven) in which the perform material is heated for subsequent molding, by a blow molding or stretch-blow molding process, into a large container (either the final container or an intermediate container). Such a transfer chain is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,316,127 which is incorporated herein by reference.  
         [0005]     A preform support device that can be coupled together one after another to form the transfer chain is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,857,562 which is incorporated herein by reference. Such a preform support device is shown in  FIG. 1 . The device  1  includes a hollow body fixed to a mounting plate  2 . The body  4  consist of two parts, an upper and a lower part which are fixed in the mounting plate  2 , for example, by screwing from above and below the mounting plate. A rod  5  is supported so as to rotate freely in the hollow body  4 . Sleeves are provided inside the hollow body  4  to guide the rod. The rod  5  is capable of being moved axially. A spring  6  is provided to return the rod  5  to its starting position. At its free end, the rod  5  is provided with a gripping head  7  designed to be removably or releasably fastened to the open end of a preform  8 . The gripping head  7  can be frictionally pressed into the opening of a preform  8 .  
         [0006]     The gripping head  7  is typically sized to be substantially the same size as or slightly larger than the interior diameter of the opening of the preform. The gripping head  7  is then compressed and secured within the open end of the preform. It is important that the size of the gripping head and the size of the opening in the preform match each other. Otherwise, the gripping head may be to large and will not fit into the opening of the preform or the gripping head may be to small and will not frictionally engage the preform. Thus, each gripping head can only be used with a particular size preform or preforms having openings within a very limited range, typically no variation of 0.006 inches and beyond.  
         [0007]     Consequently, in order to use the prior art preform support device or preform transfer chain for preforms of different sizes, the production line must be shut down so that the appropriately sized preform support device for the different sized preforms can be installed. Obviously, this causes a significant delay in production time and a corresponding increase in production cost. Moreover, many different types of preform support devices are required to fit the many different types and sizes of bottles that may be manufactured. Therefore, there is a need for a preform support device than can accommodate multiple size preforms and that eliminates the need for changing over the production line.  
       BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
       [0008]     In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, an apparatus for supporting a preform is provided. The apparatus comprises a shaft defining a groove. A deformable element is arranged in the groove. A split ring including at least two sections is provided. Each of the sections has an inner surface facing the deformable member and an outer surface. At least one of the sections has a protrusion extending from its inner surface. The protrusion is arranged adjacent to the deformable element. The split ring is moveable in a radial direction whereby the protrusion can cause the deformable element to be compressed in the groove.  
         [0009]     In another embodiment of the invention, a multiple finish spindle is provided. The spindle includes a spindle body defining a groove therein. A shell includes at least two pieces disposed around the spindle body. The shell has an outer surface, an inner surface facing the spindle body, and a protruding element arranged on the inner surface. An elastically deformable element is disposed in the groove. The shell is moveable between an uncompressed position and a compressed position in which the shell moves in a radial direction towards the spindle body and the protruding element acts on the deformable element, compressing it in the groove.  
         [0010]     In a further embodiment, a method for supporting different size preforms is provided. A support device comprising a shaft defining a groove, a deformable element arranged in the groove, and a split ring having at least two pieces, at least one of the pieces having a protrusion extending from an inner surface is provided. The support device is inserted into a first preform having a first diameter thereby causing the split ring to be compressed a first distance. The support device is removed from the first perform and is inserted into a second preform having a second diameter smaller than the first diameter thereby causing the split ring to be compressed a second distance which is greater than the first distance.  
         [0011]     Further objectives and advantages, as well as the structure and function of preferred embodiments will become apparent from a consideration of the description, drawings, and examples below. 
     
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0012]     The foregoing and other features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following, more particular description of a preferred embodiment of the invention, as illustrated in the accompanying drawings.  
         [0013]      FIG. 1  depicts an exemplary embodiment of a known preform support device;  
         [0014]      FIGS. 2A and 2B  depict a cross-sections of an exemplary embodiment of a preform support device according to the present invention;  
         [0015]      FIG. 3  depicts a cross-section of an exemplary embodiment of a split ring according to the present invention;  
         [0016]      FIG. 4  depicts a cross-section of an exemplary embodiment of a preform support device according to the present invention; and  
         [0017]      FIG. 5  depicts a cross-section of an exemplary embodiment of a preform support device according to the present invention. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
       [0018]     Embodiments of the invention are discussed in detail below. In describing embodiments, specific terminology is employed for the sake of clarity. However, the invention is not intended to be limited to the specific terminology so selected. While specific exemplary embodiments are discussed, it should be understood that this is done for illustration purposes only. A person skilled in the relevant art will recognize that other components and configurations can be used without parting from the spirit and scope of the invention.  
         [0019]      FIGS. 2A and 2B  are cross sectional views of an exemplary embodiment of a preform support apparatus. The apparatus includes a shaft  10 . The shaft  10  is configured to fit into an open end  12  of a preform  8 . As most preforms have openings that are generally cylindrical or circular in shape, the shaft  10  has an outer contour with a generally circular shape. The shaft  10  has an outer diameter A that should be smaller than an internal diameter B of the opening  12  of the smallest preform with which the preform support apparatus is intended to be used. The shaft  10  defines a groove  14  therein. The groove  14  preferably extends entirely around the shaft  10 . A deformable member  16  is disposed in the groove  14 . The deformable member  16  may be comprised of any type of elastomeric, rubber, or other deformable type of material. Typically, the deformable member  16  comprises an elastically deformable O ring. In the embodiment shown in  FIG. 2 , two O rings  16 A,  16 B are disposed in groove  14 .  
         [0020]     A split ring  20  is arranged adjacent to the shaft  10 . The split ring  20  is preferably comprised of at least two sections (shown in  FIG. 3 ) disposed around the groove  14  formed in shaft  10 . The sections of the split ring  20  form a generally cylindrically shaped hollow body. The split ring  20  includes an outer surface  22 . The outer surface  22  is adapted to engage an interior surface  23  of the opening  12  of the preform  8 . The split ring  20  also includes an inner surface  24  that faces the groove  14 . A projection  26  extends from the inner surface  24 . The projection  26  may be a raised step-like portion on inner surface  24 , as illustrated in  FIG. 2 , for example. The projection  26  is preferably sized so that it can be received within groove  14 .  
         [0021]     The split ring  20  arranged on shaft  10  has an outer diameter C when the perform support apparatus is not inserted into a preform. Diameter C should be substantially the same as or slightly larger than diameter B of the perform  8  with which the apparatus is intended to be used. As can be seen in  FIG. 2B , projection  26  is positioned adjacent to the outer most O ring  16 A. When the preform support apparatus is inserted into opening  12  of preform  8 , outer surface  22  of split ring  20  engages interior surface  23  of opening  12 . As the outer diameter C of the split ring  20  is larger than the inner diameter B of the opening  12 , the split ring  20  is forced inwardly in a radial direction. The inward movement of the split ring  20  causes protrusion  26  to engage the O rings  16 A,  16 B, compressing the O rings  16 A,  16 B as the protrusion  26  moves into groove, as is described in more detail below. The structure of the perform support apparatus allows the split rings to move inwardly a distance at least in the range of 0.004-0.012 inches.  
         [0022]      FIG. 3  is a cross-sectional view of an exemplary split ring  20  perpendicular to the view shown in  FIGS. 2A and 2B . In the embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 3 , the split ring  20  is comprised of three semi-circular sections  20 A,  20 B and  20 C. Gaps  27  are provided between the various sections  20 A- 20 C. The gaps  27  are provided to allow for radial movement of the sections  20 A- 20 C. The gaps  27  are sized appropriately to accommodate the compression and expansion of the split ring  20  when the preform support apparatus  1  is introduced into and removed from the opening  12  of a preform  8 . In the embodiment illustrated, each of the sections  20 A- 20 C is provided with a protrusion  26 , although only some of the sections need be. The protrusion  26  is formed as a step like portion that extends from the inner surface  24 . In the view of  FIG. 2 , the inner surface  24  of the split ring  20  extends generally in a vertical direction with the protrusion  26  formed as a step like portion that extends in a horizontal direction.  
         [0023]     The sections  20 A- 20 C of the split ring  20  are held in place around groove  14  by the shaft  10  and a spacer body  30 . Referring to  FIGS. 2A and 2B , the spacer body  30  is attached to shaft  10 . The shaft  10  may be provided with a longitudinal bore therethrough. A screw or other fastening element  31  extends through the longitudinal bore and into the spacer body  30 , thereby attaching the shaft  10  to the spacer body  30 . The split ring  20  is held in place on one side by the shaft  10  and on another side by the spacer body  30 . The split ring  20  includes upper and lower boss  37 ,  38 . Preferably each of sections  20 A- 20 C are provided with their own upper and lower bosses. Each of the spacer body  30  and shaft  10  are provided with corresponding recesses that are adapted to receive the upper and lower bosses  37  and  38 , respectively, in order to hold the split ring  20  in place. For example, the shaft  10  is provided with a nose portion  32 , which is disposed at the end of the shaft  10  that is inserted into opening  12 . The nose portion  32  includes a lip  36  that defines a recess which receives the lower boss  38  of the split ring  20 . In a corresponding manner, the spacer body  30  defines a recess that is adapted to receive the upper boss  37  of the split ring  20 . The recesses provided in the shaft  10  and in the spacer body  30  are configured to accommodate radial movement of the split ring  20  when the perform support apparatus is inserted into and removed from a preform  8 .  
         [0024]      FIGS. 4 and 5  illustrate the exemplary preform support apparatus described above when inserted into a perform. The performs in  FIGS. 4 and 5  have different sized openings. In  FIG. 4 , the preform support apparatus  1  is inserted into a preform  8  having an opening  12  with a first, larger internal diameter and  FIG. 5  illustrates a preform support apparatus  1  inserted into a preform  8  having an opening with a second, smaller diameter. In  FIG. 4 , the preform  8  has an opening  12  with a first internal diameter B. Internal diameter B is smaller than the outer diameter C of the split ring  20 . The preform support apparatus is then inserted into opening  12 . The preform support device is introduced inside the opening  12  of the preform  8  until a top edge  40  of the opening  12  in the preform  8  engages an annular shoulder  41  on the spacer body  30 . In practice, the preform  8  is offered below the shaft  10 , which is then lowered to be introduced into the opening  12  of the preform  8 .  
         [0025]     The split ring  20  then bears on the interior surface  23  of opening  12 . Interior surface  23  of opening  12  engages the outer surface  22  of the split ring  20  and causes the split ring  20  to be compressed and the sections  20 A- 20 C to move radially inward. The sections  20 A- 20 C of the split ring move closer together, making the gaps  27  therebetween smaller. The force of the inward movement of the split ring  20  causes the protrusion  26  to act against the deformable member  16 , causing deformation of the deformable member  16 . The split ring  20  is compressed radially inward a distance which is equal to the distance between the outer diameter C of the uncompressed split ring and the inner diameter B of the opening  12 . The outer diameter C of the split ring  20  is thus reduced and the perform support apparatus is received in the preform.  
         [0026]     In turn, the action of the split ring  20  on the deformable member  16  causes a reaction of the deformable member  16 . The elastic properties of the deformable member  16  provide a force that reacts against the force of the protrusion  26 . This reaction causes the outer surface  22  of the split ring  20  to frictionally engage the interior surface  23  of opening  12 . In this manner, the split ring  20  is frictionally pressed into the opening  12  of the preform  8 .  
         [0027]      FIG. 5  shows the preform support apparatus  1  introduced into a second perform  8 ′. The second perform  8 ′ has a second opening  12 ′, that has internal diameter B′ that is smaller than inner diameter B of the perform shown in  FIG. 4 . Diameter B is more than about 0.004 inches greater than diameter B′. Similar to the process describe above, the preform support device is inserted into opening  12  of preform  8  until top edge  40 ′ of opening  12 ′ engages annular shoulder  41  on spacer body  30 . The split ring  20  the bears on the interior surface  23  and the sections of the split ring  20  are moved radially inward. The protrusion  26  is received within the groove  14  and compresses the deformable member  16 . The elastic properties of the deformable member  16  in turn react against the force of the protrusion  26  and force the split ring  20  radially outward to frictionally engage the interior surface  23  of opening  12 . In the manner, the preform support device is frictionally engaged with the preform  8 .  
         [0028]     In the example shown in  FIG. 5 , the split ring is move radially inward to a greater extent than in the example shown in  FIG. 4 . The protrusion  26  allows the split ring  20  to expand and compress to a greater extent and engage a variety of performs of different sizes. The split ring  20  may be compressed until the inner surface  24  of the split ring  20  abuts the shaft  10 . Alternatively, the size and characteristics of the protrusion  26 , groove  14 , and deformable member  16  can define the extent to which split ring  20  can move radially inward. Thus, a preform support device having the design described above can accommodate preforms that have an internal diameter ranging from slightly smaller than the outer diameter of the preform support device when the split ring is uncompressed to a diameter that is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the preform support device when the split ring is fully compressed. The device can accommodate variations of greater than about 0.006 inches in the size of perform openings, and also variations greater than about 0.012 inches. The size of the gap between the split rings, the extent to which the protrusion extends from the back surface of the split ring, and the characteristics of the deformable members can all be dimensioned and selected as necessary for a particular application.  
         [0029]     Accordingly, a preform support apparatus that can accommodate preforms having openings of varying diameters is provided. The preform apparatus automatically adapts to the size of the opening of the preform. There is no need to stop the production line and retool in order to be able to change production from one product to another. This provides a great savings in time and eliminates the need for a customized preform support device for each different type of preform used. The apparatus is able to withstand the high heat, high speed, and other environmental factors associated with blow-molding.  
         [0030]     The embodiments illustrated and discussed in this specification are intended only to teach those skilled in the art the best way known to the inventors to make and use the invention. Nothing in this specification should be considered as limiting the scope of the present invention. All examples presented are representative and non-limiting. The above-described embodiments of the invention may be modified or varied, without departing from the invention, as appreciated by those skilled in the art in light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that, within the scope of the claims and their equivalents, the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described.