Abstract:
A microcircuit package feedthrough that relates to glass-to-metal seals, and more particularly, to feedthroughs for use in surfacemount microcircuit packages. The present invention can be used with surface mount technology such that it is a microcircuit package feedthrough that requires fewer manufacturing steps to install than conventional feedthroughs.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF INVENTION 
     Many types of microcircuits are enclosed in electrically conductive, metallic or metallic-clad ceramic packages. Conductive packages are used because they provide a shield from ambient electrical noise that can cause the internal circuit to generate erroneous signals. The leads or pins which allow the electronic signals into and out of the package must be electrically isolated from the package itself. An insulator, typically of glass, between the lead and package, is one solution to the problem of isolation. Known in the industry as a glass-to-metal seal, the insulator can also provide a hermetic seal between the lead and package to prevent contamination of the internal circuit. 
     For several reasons, many glass-to-metal seals are constructed independently of the package and then permanently bonded into holes in the package walls. This independent device is called a feedthrough. In many cases, it is more efficient to bore holes in a package wall, insert feed throughs, and bond them into place than it is to design and make the complicated fixtures necessary to construct the glass-to-metal seal directly in the package. This is especially true where a relatively small number of the microcircuits are to be manufactured. 
     Another reason is weight. If it is desired to maintain the hermetic seal of the insulator in a wide range of ambient temperatures the package can be constructed from Kovar (a trademark of Carpenter Technology Corporation), which is an alloy that has a coefficient of expansion the same as that of heat-resistant glass, the typical insulating material. Thus, as the temperature rises, the glass insulator and Kovar package expand at the same rate maintaining the hermetic seal. The problems with Kovar housings include: 1)unavailability of custom sizes and 2) difficulty in machining, resulting in expensive setup and tooling charges compared to aluminum, even for standard size housings. Additionally, Kovar is heavy. In some applications, particularly aircraft- and spacecraft-related applications weight is of prime importance—consequently, a lowerweight material, such as aluminum is preferred for the package. However, aluminum has a coefficient of expansion greater than that of glass. So in order to provide hermetic seals in aluminum packages, feedthroughs are used and installed through the use of solder˜ or epoxy. 
     The feedthrough consists generally of a conductive ferrule, a conductive lead extending through the ferrule and spaced from the ferrule edges, and an insulator, typically heat-resistant glass, holding the lead in places isolating it from the ferrule, and providing a hermetic seal. There are two basic types of feedthroughs, matched and compression a matched feedthrough, the materials used for the ferrule, insulator, and lead have essentially the same coefficient of expansion. This keeps the hermetic seal intact during temperature changes, both during manufacture and in use. In the compression seal, the coefficient of expansion of the ferrule is greater than that of the insulator, so that as the feedthrough cools during manufacture, it contracts more than the insulator, compressing the insulator against the lead. 
     Leads can exit vertically through the floor of the microcircuit package. Vertical leads can be plugged into sockets, printed circuit boards, or other connecting devices. They can be soldered, clamped, or otherwise hardwired into vias on the circuit board. They can also be bent at right angles to extend out from under the package and soldered to pads or vias on circuit boards, for example, when using surface mount technology (SMT). The major disadvantage to this use is that, unless the leads extend vertically a short distance before being bent outwardly, they will make electrical contact with the package edge, causing a short circuit that prevents the microcircuit from operating properly. If the vertical portion is not long enough, the lead can be short-circuited to the package by the solder that connects the lead to the circuit board. If the vertical portion is too long, the package may stand too high on the circuit board or may be susceptible to being bend over, which can also cause short circuits. 
     Alternatively, leads can exit horizontally through the side walls of the microcircuit package. Leads that exit horizontally can also be plugged into sockets, but are normally provided for SMT. When used for SMT, the leads extend horizontally from the package a short distance so they do not short against the package, are bent downwardly to the circuit board, and then are bent outwardly along the circuit board. One disadvantage is that the leads must be bent, which is an extra step in the manufacturing process. The major disadvantage, however, is that these leads use up a significant amount of valuable circuit board area. The amount that the lead must extend horizontally from the package before being bent downwardly increases the circuit board surface area needed to accommodate the package, meaning that the circuit board must be larger to provide the same functionality. Additionally, the exposed horizontal lead causes unwanted inductance in high frequency and wide band circuits. Also, the horizontal lead functions as an antenna that transmits energy, affecting other components. 
     The current solution to the SMT problem is to manufacture right-angle glass-to-metal seals directly in the package. The right-angle lead exits the package through a notch in the edge of the package so that the lead is flush with the circuit board. However, the manufacturing efficiency and package weight problems associated with these direct glass-to-metal seals described above remain. 
     SUMMARY OF INVENTION 
     An object of the present invention is to provide a microcircuit package feedthrough that can be used with surface mount technology. 
     Another object is to provide a microcircuit package feedthrough that significantly reduces the possibility of a short circuit between the lead and package when used with SMT. 
     Yet another object is to provide a microcircuit package feedthrough that uses less circuit board area for SMT than conventional feedthroughs of the present art. 
     A further object is to provide a microcircuit package feedthrough that requires fewer manufacturing steps to install than conventional feedthroughs. 
     Another object is feedthrough cost effectiveness, compared to other designs. 
     Another object of the present invention is that it allows circuits to be used with SMT, otherwise unavailable in circuits incorporating kovar package housings, inter digital, combine, high frequency, wide band cavity and ceramic circuits. 
     Another object is that the feedthrough dimensions allow a 50 ohm impedance to be provided DC to 16 gigahert, compared to full packages limited to 1 GHz. 
     Other objects of the present invention will become apparent in light of the following drawings and detailed description of the invention. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of the top of the preferred embodiment of the present invention. 
     FIG. 2 shows a perspective view of the underside of the embodiment of FIG.  1 . 
     FIG. 3 shows a side cross-sectional view of the embodiment of FIG.  1 . 
     FIG. 4 shows an exploded view of the feedthrough of FIG. 1 as it fits into a microcircuit package. 
     FIG. 5 shows a side cross-sectional view of the feedthrough of FIG. 1 as it fits into a microcircuit package on a printed circuit board. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The feedthrough of the present invention provides a hermetic, glass-to-metal seal with a right-angle lead. The preferred embodiment  10  is shown in FIGS. 1-5, and includes a ferrule  12 , a lead  14 , and an insulator  16 . 
     The ferrule  12  is essentially a ring of electrically-conductive material, typically a metal. As described above, there are two general classes of feedthroughs, matched and compression. For matched feedthroughs, the ferrule is preferably composed of a low-coefficient-of-expansion metal, such as Kovar. Kovar is an alloy of 29% nickel, 17% cobalt, 0.3% manganese, and the remainder iron, which has a coefficient of expansion comparable to that of heat-resistant glass, a typical insulator material, as discussed below. When a compression feedthrough is desired, other conductive materials known in the glass-to-metal seal art that have an coefficient of expansion that is greater than that of the insulator material are contemplated for example stainless steel when used with a glass insulator. 
     In a preferred embodiment, the ferrule  12  includes a flat, generally rectangular horizontal floor  18 . A lower wall  20  extends downward vertically from all but a small contiguous portion of the floor  18 . Typically, the side  24  of the floor  18  opposite that of the side  26  without the wall will be rounded, generally into a semicircle. As shown in FIG. 4, the feedthrough  10  fits into a notch  52  in the lower surface  54  of the microcircuit package  50 . In the typical manufacturing process, the notch  52  is machined out of the package  50  rather than molded into the package  50 . It is much easier and more efficient to machine interior surfaces round rather than with squared-off corners. Consequently, the innermost wall  56  of the notch  52  is semicircular. In order for the feedthrough  10  to fit properly in the notch  52 , the feedthrough wall  20  that mates to the semicircular notch wall  56  is also made semicircular. 
     The ferrule floor  18  includes an aperture  28 . A tube  30  extends upwardly from the edge of the aperture  28 . For the same reasons as given above for the round wall  56 , it is much more efficient to machine a round hole into a package than any other shape, which is why the through bore  58  in the package  50  is round. In order for the feedthrough  10  to fit properly, the tube  30  is cylindrical, with an outside diameter that is slightly smaller than the diameter of the bore  58 , and the aperture  28  is round. This preferred tube shape does not, however, preclude other shapes; the present invention contemplates any shape that is appropriate for the particular use of the feedthrough. 
     The lead  14  is the electrical conductor of the signal. It is an electrically-conductive wire that has a diameter appropriate to the electrical signal that it is to carry. Typically, the lead  14  is semirigid, that is, it retains the shape that is imparted onto it, such as by bending. For matched feedthroughs, the lead  14  is composed of the same material as the ferrule  12 , for example, Kovar if the ferrule  12  is composed of Kovar. For compression feedthroughs, the lead  14  and or the ferrule [ ] may be composed of a wide variety of materials such as, but not limited to, ceramic, aluminum, nickel, kovar, or any other material which would serve the purpose. 
     The lead  14  has two portions, the internal portion  34  and the external portion  36 , divided by an approximately 90 degree bend  38 . The internal portion  34  extends though the tube  30 , approximately coincident with the tube s axis. It extends far enough out of the tube  30  for its application, for example, to bond a wire to or to bond directly to the microcircuit. The external portion  36  is oriented so that it passes through the opening  32  defined by the floor  18  and the lower wall  20 , and is offset from the floor  18  by an amount approximately equal to the height of the lower wall  20 , leaving the axis of the external portion  36  approximately planar with the outer edge  22  of the lower wall  20 . It extends far enough out of the opening  32  to perform as necessary, for example, to be soldered to a pad on a printed circuit board (PCB). When the lead  14  is oriented in such a manner, it does not make contact with the ferrule  12 . 
     The insulator  16  prevents the ferrule  12  and lead  14  from making direct electrical contact and provides enough electrical isolation between the two to reduce crosstalk to acceptable levels. In addition, the insulator  16  hermetically seals the space between the ferrule  12  and the lead  14 . In the present invention, the insulator  16  is preferably composed of heat-resistant glass. Glass is an extremely poor conductor of electricity, making it an excellent insulating material. Glass is also impermeable to the common and not-so-common liquids and gasses that the feedthrough will be exposed to in normal usage, making it an excellent sealing material. 
     The ferrule  12  and lead  14  are placed into a form that holds the two components in their correct positions relative to each other. A glass bead is set in the ferrule  12 . The combination is passed through a heater that melts the glass, which then flows to fill the ferrule  12  and surround the lead  14 . After the glass cools, the insulator  16  is formed. With a Kovar ferrule  12  and lead  14 , as the components cool, they all contract at the same rate, providing a matched feedthrough. If a material with a coefficient of expansion greater than that of glass is used, a compression feedthrough is produced. If a material with a coefficient of expansion less than that of glass is used, the ferrule will contract less than the glass, leaving a gap between the ferrule and insulator, preventing a seal from forming. 
     FIG. 5 shows a cross-section of the feedthrough  10  of the present invention bonded into a microcircuit package  50  that is mounted on a PCB  64 . As described above, the feedthrough  10  fits into a notch  52  in the bottom surface  54   15  of the package  50 . The notch  52  is formed to mate with the feedthrough  10  such that the tube  30  fits into a bore  58  that extends into the package interior  60  and the ferrule floor  18  acts as a stop to prevent the feedthrough  10  tram extending too far into the package interior  60 . Generally, the lower wall outer edge  22  will be even with the package bottom surface  54 . However, this will not necessarily be the case. It is possible that the notch  52  will be deeper than the height of the lower wall  20 . Consequently, the present invention contemplates that the lead bend  38  extends far enough away from the aperture  28  so that the external portion  36  is approximately planar with the package bottom surface  54 . 
     After the feedthrough  10  is in position in the notch  52 , it is permanently bonded into place so that the ferrule  12  is in electrical contact with the package  50  and so that a seal is formed between the ferrule  12  and the package  50 , The bond  62  may be formed by solder, epoxy, or any other method that provides a permanent and electrically-conductive bond. When the feedthrough  10  is bonded into place, the lead internal portion  34  extends vertically into the package interior  60  and the external portion  36  extends outwardly from the package  50 . The external portion  36  is approximately coplanar with the bottom surface  54  of the package  50  so that when the package  50  is laid on the PCB  64 , the external portion  36  lays flat against the PCB pad  66 , where it is soldered to the pad  66 . In the preferred configuration, the external portion  36  is slightly lower than the bottom surface  54  so that when the package is resting on the PCB  64 , there is a gap  68  between the bottom surface  54  and the PCB  64 . This allows a small amount of solder to flow under the package  50 , providing a better bond between the package  50  and the PCB  64 . 
     Thus it has been shown and described a feedthrough which satisfies the objects set forth above. 
     Since certain changes may be made in the present disclosure without departing from the scope of the present invention, it is intended that all matter described in the foregoing specification and shown in the accompanying drawings be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.