Abstract:
A light assembly includes a radial beam projector for being positioned in the vicinity of a ceiling of a room and spaced from at least some of the walls thereof. There may be at least two reflectors or refractors on or adjacent to the walls or ceiling of the room, each for receiving a separate light beam from the projector in at least two spaced locations and reflecting or refracting light into desired patterns to provide light for such room. The radial beam projector may project at least two light beams, one toward each reflector or refractor. There is also a light assembly which includes a circular reflector or refractor element on or adjacent to the walls or ceiling of such room for receiving a radial light beam from the projector and reflecting or refracting light into desired patterns to provide light for such room.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is based upon and claims the priority of Provisional Application Serial No. 60/113,769 filed Dec. 23, 1998. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates generally to the lighting field, and, more particularly, to creating illumination that broadly distributes light using multiple beam and radial beam collimation. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     It is an object of the present invention to provide a lighting system that broadly distributes illumination. 
     It is another object of the present invention to distribute illumination through the use of multiple beam and radial beam collimation (derived from quasi point source lamps). 
     It is a further object of the present invention to distribute illumination using the integrity of architectural structures for the optical alignment and structural support of the collimation devices, reflectors and refractors that are incorporated in the system. 
     It is a further object of the present invention to provide lighting which directly projects and distributes light broadly onto adjacent surfaces. 
     It is still a further object of the invention to use at least a portion of the architectural surfaces (walls and ceiling) as part of the luminaire reflecting surfaces. 
     It is still a further object of the present invention to provide a lighting system in which the architectural structure, (walls and ceiling) become part of the luminare alignment in that they hold the components (reflectors and refractors) in a location remote from the light source. 
     These and other objects of the present invention are accomplished in the following manners, among others. 
     A light assembly includes a radial beam projector for being positioned in the vicinity of a ceiling of a room and spaced from at least some of the walls thereof. There may be at least two reflectors or refractors on or adjacent to the walls or ceiling of the room, each for receiving a separate light beam from the projector in at least two spaced locations and reflecting or refracting light into desired patterns to provide light for such room. The radial beam projector may project at least two light beams, one toward each reflector or refractor. There is also a light assembly which includes a circular reflector or refractor element on or adjacent to the walls or ceiling of such room for receiving a radial light beam from the projector and reflecting or refracting light into desired patterns to provide light for such room. 
     The means by which the foregoing objects and features of invention are achieved are pointed out in the claims forming the concluding portion of the specification. The invention, both as to its organization and manner of operation, may be further understood by reference to the following description taken in connection with the following drawings. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a room having a multi-beam collimator mounted to the ceiling. 
     FIG. 2 is a partial view of one type of remote reflector which may be used with the arrangement shown in FIG.  1 . 
     FIG. 3 is a partial view of another type of remote reflector which may be used with the arrangement shown in FIG.  1 . 
     FIG. 4 is a partial view of a further type of remote reflector which may be used with the arrangement shown in FIG.  1 . 
     FIG. 5 is a partial view of a single reflector which may be used alone or in a group of reflectors. 
     FIG. 6 is a schematic perspective view of a room using a radial beam projector. 
     FIG. 7 is an isometric view of one type of refracting element which may be used with the arrangement shown in FIGS. 1 or  6 . 
     FIG. 8 is an isometric view of another type of refracting element which may be used with the arrangement shown in FIGS. 1 or  6 . 
     FIG. 9 is an isometric view of a further type of refracting element which may be used with the arrangement shown in FIGS. 1 or  6 . 
     FIG. 10 is an isometric view of two sequential refracting element which may be used with the arrangement shown in FIGS. 1 or  6 . 
     FIG. 11 is an isometric view of two sequential reflectors arranged on or near the ceiling. 
     FIG. 12 is an isometric view of a rectangular prismatic refractor. 
     FIG. 13 is an isometric view of a convex linear reflector. 
     FIG. 14 is an isometric view of a convex linear reflector. 
     FIG. 15 is an isometric view of two sequential reflectors. 
     FIG. 16 is an isometric view of a radial collimator and a remote reflector surrounding it. 
     FIG. 17 is an isometric view of a radial beam projector surrounded by a remote refracting ring. 
     FIG. 18 is a schematic sectional view showing the radial beam striking the radial refracting ring. 
     FIG. 19 is a schematic sectional view showing the radial beam used for indirect lighting. 
     FIG. 20 is an isometric view of a radial beam projector in the center of a disk shaped light distribution structure. 
     FIG. 21 is a schematic sectional view of a detail of the arrangement shown in FIG.  20 . 
     FIG. 22 is a schematic sectional view of a detail of the arrangement shown in FIG.  20  and having a dual function. 
     FIG. 23 is an isometric view showing a suspended version of the fixture shown in FIGS. 17,  18  and  19 . 
     FIG. 24 is an isometric view showing a suspended version of the fixture shown in FIGS. 20,  21  and  22 . 
     FIG. 25 is an isometric view showing a suspended arrangement having a refraction ring in the form of two flat truncated cones. 
     FIG. 26 is a schematic view of a suspended grid ceiling supporting a lighting arrangement. 
     FIG. 27 is an isometric view of an optical body configured in a remote linear arrangement using prisms. 
     FIG. 28 is an isometric view of a different type of prism. 
     FIG. 29 is an isometric view of another type of prism. 
     FIG. 30 is an isometric view of a further type of prism. 
     FIG. 31 is an isometric view of a central radial beam projector and a remote refracting ring. 
     FIG. 32 is an isometric view of a variation of the structure shown in FIG.  31 . 
     FIG. 33 is a schematic sectional view of the rings shown in FIGS. 31 and 32. 
     FIG. 34 is a schematic sectional view showing a variation from the rings shown in FIG.  33 . 
     FIG. 35 is a schematic sectional view showing a another variation from the rings shown in FIG.  33 . 
     FIG. 36 is a diagrammatic view of a single double-convex lens in a grid or ring of lenses. 
     FIG. 37 is an isometric view showing a variation of the structure shown in FIGS. 17,  18  and  19 . 
     FIG. 38 is a schematic sectional view showing each refractive ring having a different function. 
     FIG. 39 is a schematic sectional view having inner and outer refractive rings. 
     FIGS. 40A and 40B are schematic sectional views of a segment of a lens. 
     FIG. 41 is an isometric view of a multi-function light distribution structure. 
     FIG. 42 is an isometric view, partly in section, showing a radial beam projector and a reflecting wave guide. 
     FIG. 43 is a cross section showing a variation of the structure shown in FIG.  42 . 
     FIG. 44 is a detail view of the showing the grooves of the prisms. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     FIG. 1 illustrates a room  10  having a ceiling, floor, and walls on which a single lamp multi-beam collimator  12 , mounted to the ceiling at a specific location, projects beams  14 ,  15  and  16  onto remote reflecting surfaces  18 ,  20  and  22 , respectively. Each remote reflecting surface is mounted onto a wall of room  10  at a specific location in order to receive the beam projected by the multi-beam collimator. Each reflecting surface has a different reflecting quality as illustrated in reflected rays  24  which are reflected towards the ceiling from surface  18 , reflected rays  26  which are reflected back towards the center of the room in a linearly divergent manner from surface  20 , and rays  28  which are reflected in a scattered pattern from surface  22 . Surface  22  may be the painted surface of the walls. If the reflector is the wall, the beam should have a defined shape, with a hard or soft edge, of substantially greater brightness on a defined area of the wall which is of substantially greater brightness than the surrounding area. In this case, the illuminated area from the light source beam on at least one architectural surface is thus a defined shape (with hard edges meaning sharply defined or soft edges meaning more gradually defined) of significantly greater brightness than the surrounding area. 
     Remote means that the reflectors and refractors are located so far from the light source that they cannot be or it is impractical to be supported on the same fixture as the light source. 
     FIGS. 2,  3  and  4  illustrate various types of remote reflectors. FIG. 2 shows projected rays  30  reflected by remote reflector sections  32 , having a cross-section which is concave. Reflected rays  31  are reflected in a linearly divergent pattern upwardly to ceiling plane  34 . 
     FIG. 3 shows remote reflector  36  having alternately disposed liner slats  38  and  39  dividing and reflecting projected rays  40  into upwardly reflected rays and downward reflected rays  41 . 
     FIG. 4 shows remote reflector  42  having a pattern of specular convex shapes  43  reflecting received rays  44  into multiple divergent rays  46 . The surface of reflector  42  may be of other grid type patterns of round concave, oval convex or concave, or other polygonal shapes. 
     FIG. 5 shows single reflector  48 , which may be utilized alone or in a grid pattern, comprising a portion of a spherical convex surface that reflects received rays  50  into a section of divergent beam  52 . 
     FIG. 6 illustrates a variation of FIG.  1 . Radial projector  12  of FIG. 1 is replaced with radial beam projector  54  which is attached to the ceiling of room  10  by electrical stem and attachment  56 ,  58 . Beam projector  54  projects radial segments of radial beams  14  and  15  towards reflectors composite reflectors  60 ,  62 ,  63 ,  64  and  66 ,  67 ,  68 ,  69 , respectively. Both composite reflectors  60 ,  62 ,  63 ,  64  and  66 ,  67 ,  68 ,  69  are mounted on the soffit areas of the walls of room  10 . The illumination function of composite reflector  60 ,  62 ,  63 ,  64  is similar to that of reflector  36  of FIG.  3 . The illumination function of composite reflector  66 ,  67 ,  68 ,  69  is similar to that of reflector  32  of FIG.  2 . 
     FIGS. 7,  8 ,  9  and  10  illustrate a series of refracting elements designed to redistribute light beams projected from multi-beam, or radial projectors. Although these refracting elements are illustrated as being adjacent to ceiling plane  34 , they may also be suspended from above, supported from below, or supported by the collimating device from which they are receiving light. 
     FIG. 7 shows an elongated wedge prism  70  receiving projected beams  72  and refracting them as rays  74  towards ceiling plane  34 . 
     FIG. 8 illustrates an elongated segmented wedge prism  76  receiving projected rays  78  and refracting them as rays  80  towards ceiling  34 . 
     FIG. 9 shows an elongated wedge prism  82  composed of wedge segments  84  and  86  splitting projected beams  88  into beams  90  (refracted towards ceiling  34 ) and beams  92  (refracted at an angle away from ceiling  34 ), respectively. 
     FIG. 10 shows two elongated refractors  94  and  96  which are designed to work in conjunction with each other. Projected beam  98  is refracted towards ceiling  34  as beams  105  by wedge prism sections  100  (of refractor  94 ) and transmitted (as beam  102 ) through window sections  104  (of refractor  94 ) to wedge refractor  96 . Wedge refractor  96  refracts beam  102  towards ceiling  34  as beam  106 . The wedge prism  96  may be substituted by the comparable structures shown in FIGS. 7,  8 , or  9  or by reflectors  18  or  20  of FIG. 1, or reflector  32  of FIG. 2, or by reflector  36  of FIG. 3 or by reflector  42  of FIG.  4 . 
     Although the planar shape of refractors  70 ,  76 ,  82 ,  94 , and  96  is illustrated as rectangular, such shape may be round, oval, or any regular or irregular polygon; it may not be planar, but it may be circular, such as is shown in FIG. 17, or be convex or concave as part of a dome or the surface of a polyhedron. 
     FIG. 11 illustrates two sequential reflectors  108  and  110  mounted to (or suspended from) ceiling plane  34  on pivots  112  and  114  respectively. Reflector  108  is suspended from ceiling  34  at a predetermined distance therefrom leaving a space between reflector  108  and the ceiling. The reflector  108  is parallel to the ceiling and perpendicular to the beam  116 . The projected beam  116  has an upper portion  120  and a lower portion  118 . The lower portion  118  is reflected as reflected beam  119  and the upper portion  120  is allowed to pass over reflector  108  to reflector  110  which is mounted closer to ceiling plane  34 . Upper beam portion  120  is reflected by reflector  110  as beam  122 . 
     The movement of reflectors  108  and  110  is explained in FIG.  13 . The surface shape and quality of reflectors  108  and  110  may be specular, textured, flat, concave, or convex. 
     FIG. 12 illustrates a rectangular prismatic refractor comprised of alternate wedge prisms  124  and  126  which are horizontally oriented to receive beam portions  130  and  131 , which form beam  128 , and vertically oriented to refract beam portion  130  toward the ceiling  34  as beam  132  and beam portion  131  downward as beam  134 . The sides of the prisms can be seen in this figure where the side  125  of prism  124  is shown as is the side  127  of prism  126 . It will be seen that the side  125  of prism  124  widens as it tapers upwardly toward the ceiling and that the side  127  of prism  126  narrows as it tapers upwardly toward the ceiling. 
     FIG. 13 shows a convex linear reflector  136  mounted to the ceiling  34  on pivots  138  and  140 . Movement of the reflector  136  is shown as graphic arrow symbol  142 . Projected beam  116  having a beam axis  144  is reflected by linear convex reflector  136  as linear (converging then diverging) beam  146 . The rotational movement of linear convex reflector  136  about pivots  138  and  140  results in a change of direction of reflected beam  146 . This is illustrated by the movement of the reflected beam&#39;s axis represented by directional arrows  148 . 
     FIG. 14 shows a fixed convex linear reflector  150  reflecting projected beam  152  as a linearly diverging beam  154 . The surfaces of reflectors  136  and  150  may be convex or concave as shown or may be segmented into convex or concave portions. 
     FIG. 15 shows two sequential remote reflectors mounted to ceiling plane  34 . The first reflector  156  is a perforated reflector (or a vacuum deposited beam-splitter) reflecting a portion of projected beam  158  as  160  and allowing the remaining portion to pass through as beam  162 , which in turn is reflected by second reflector  164  as beam  166 . The brightness ratio between reflected beams  160  and  166  is primarily determined by the ratio of reflectance to transmission of reflector  156 . 
     FIG. 16 illustrates light distributed by a light source such as a lamp  168  located within a radial collimator  170 , together forming radial beam projector  179 , and surrounded by remote reflector  172  that is rectangular in plan and comprised of linear reflecting surfaces  174 ,  176 ,  178  and  180 . Light from lamp  168  is radially collimated by ring lens  170 , and projected towards reflector segments  174 ,  176 ,  178  and  180 , and reflected as projected beam pattern  182 , resulting in illuminated beam pattern  184  of floor plane  186 . The rectangular dimensions of pattern  184  are a direct result of the rectangular dimensions of remote reflector  172  as well as the cross-sectional curvature of surfaces  174 ,  176 ,  178  and  180  (which is described in the text of the description of FIGS.  13  and  14 ). Baffle fins  188  are optional and are used to control glare and to control linear dispersion  190  of beams  182 . 
     FIGS. 17,  18 , and  19  illustrate a light distribution assembly  192  comprised of a radial beam projector  194  surrounded by a refracting ring  196 . FIG. 17 shows the addition of radial containment disk  198 . Radial containment disk  198 , an optional component, may be constructed of a reflective material or a refractive material having the function of total internal reflection in order to limit the vertical divergence of the radial beam  200 . (Radial beam  200  is shown in FIG. 18.) This vertical limiting would be required if the divergence of beam  200  were such that a portion of beam  200  would not strike radial refracting ring  196 . The containment of radially collimated light is discussed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,897,201 and in pending application PCT/US98/18419. 
     FIG. 18 illustrates radial beam  200  striking radial refracting ring  202 . The structure of radial refracting ring  202  is such that radial beam  200  is refracted into a radially distributed downlight the cross-section of which is shown as rays  204 . 
     FIG. 19 illustrates radial beam  200  striking radial refracting ring  206 . The structure of radial refracting ring  206  is such that beam  200  is refracted into a radially distributed indirect pattern the cross-section of which is shown as rays  208 . Cross-sections and functions of refracting ring  196  are illustrated in, but not limited to, FIGS. 7,  8 ,  9  and  12  and FIGS. 7,  8 ,  9 ,  10  and  12  show refracting using a rectangular shape. 
     FIGS. 20,  21  and  22  illustrate various aspects of a light distribution system. FIG. 20 shows a radial beam projector  194  located in the radial center of disk shaped light distribution structure  210  which is comprised of the following elements: a radial containment disk  212  (the function of which is explained in the description of FIG.  17 ), a radial refracting ring  214  (whose various functions will be described below) and a radial wave disk  216  (which is further described). Radial containment disk  212  may be replaced by the plane to which light distribution structure  210  is mounted if the plane (ceiling or wall) is a partially or fully reflective surface. 
     FIG. 21 is a sectional diagram of FIG. 20 showing radial beam  218  projected radially outward and intercepted by the curvature of radial wave disk  216 . Rays of beam  218  not intercepted by disk  216  strike radial ring  220 . In this instance ring  220  is reflective, and reflects beam  218  as rays  222  back towards wave disk  216 . Wave disk  216  is a wave guide refractor, the structure and function of which is disclosed in pending U.S. patent application Ser. No.: 09/451,068, filed Nov. 30, 1999, as a continuation of International Application No. PCT/US 98/11382 having an international filing date of Jun. 3 rd , 1998, and entitled Reflective and Refractive Wave Lens for Light Shaping. 
     FIG. 22 shows refractive ring  224  having the dual function of refracting a portion of rays from radial beam  218  toward the ceiling plane  226  as rays  228  and reflecting a portion of rays from  218  back toward  216 . 
     Although light distribution assembly  192  of FIGS. 18 and 19 are shown adjacent to a ceiling plane and light distribution structure  210  in FIGS. 20,  21  and  22  are shown adjacent to ceiling plane  226 , both light distributors  192  and  210  may also be suspended from a ceiling plane. 
     FIG. 23 is a suspended version of FIGS. 17,  18  and  19 . 
     FIG. 24 is a suspended version of FIGS. 20,  21  and  22 . 
     FIG. 25 illustrates a pendant (suspended) ring fixture having a refraction ring  230  in the form of two flat truncated cones  232 . In this case refraction ring  230  may be prismatically refractive or comprised of sections of stained glass. 
     FIG. 26 illustrates a suspended grid ceiling  234  on which radial beam projectors  236 ,  238  and  240  have been mounted, either directly or by means of suspension, and are surrounded by refraction rings  242 ,  244  and  246 , respectively—which may be attached to and supported by projectors  236 ,  238  and  240 , respectively or may be attached to the “T” bars  248  or the panels  250  of the suspended grid ceiling  234 . The T bar system optically aligns radial beam projector  240  to ring  246 . The area of the ceiling to which projector  240  and ring  246  are attached can be recessed above the surrounding ceiling plane. Similarly, projectors  236 ,  238  and  240  may be mounted directly or suspended from a non-suspended ceiling with the same supporting relationships with rings  242 ,  244  and  246 . 
     FIG. 27 illustrates an optical body  252  (which can be configured in a linear fashion as illustrated or in an oval or circle) comprised as individual prisms  254  which function in the following manner: Entry beam  256  enters entry/exit face  258 . A portion of entry beam  256  represented by  260  enters within the vertically centered area of face  258 , passes through prisms  254 , and is refracted through surface  262  (which is at an acute angle A 2  to face  258  forming a wedge prism) as rays  264  toward ceiling plane  34 . 
     The portion of entry beam  256  represented by  266  enters on the vertical edges of  258  and is refracted by total internal reflection from faces  268  and  270  to  270  to  268  (which are angles at 45° [A 2 ] to the entry beams  256 ) back through  258 . Since  268  and  270  are canted off vertical (as illustrated by A 2 ), rays  272  are reflected back to ceiling plane  34 . 
     FIG. 28 illustrates a variation of FIG. 27 in that prism  254  has a negative cylindrical or negative conical exit surface  274  rather than a flat surface. Surface  274  causes rays  260  to diverge as rays  276 . 
     FIG. 29 illustrates another variation of FIG. 27 in that prism  254  has a positive cylindrical surface  278  rather than a flat one. Positive cylindrical surface  278  causes rays  260  to converge, then diverge as rays  280  at the exit of prism  254 . 
     FIG. 30 represents a prism structure  254  that may be constructed as a single unit or as 2 units of prisms  254  of FIGS. 27,  28  and  29 . The function of FIG. 30 prism structure  254  is to divide the combined previously described reflective and refractive functions into separate directions, one at an acute direction upwards as rays  282  and one at an acute direction downward as  284 . 
     FIG. 31 illustrates a central radial beam projector  194  projecting radial beam  286  to and through remote refracting ring  288 . Ring  288  is constructed of horizontally disposed double convex rings (the section being  290 ) which refract rays  286  as horizontally disposed convergent then divergent bands of radially distributed rays shown as  292 . 
     FIG. 32 illustrates a variation of FIG. 31 in that the remote refracting ring  298  is comprised of double convex lenses shown in section  294  and as a ring grid shown as  296 . 
     FIG. 33 illustrates a cross section of rings  288  and  298  as plano-convex rings. 
     FIG. 34 illustrates a variation of FIG. 33 in that the ring section  302  has a section comprised of double concave areas. 
     FIG. 35 is a variation of FIG. 33 in that ring section  304  has a section of plano-concave areas. 
     The rays of radial projected beam  286  in FIGS. 31,  33 ,  34  and  35  are refracted through  290 ,  294 ,  302  and  304  as  292 ,  306 ,  308  and  310 , respectively. 
     FIG. 36 is a single double convex lens  300  shown attached to adjacent lenses at plane F. Entry rays  286  are refracted by  300  resulting in exit rays  312  forming a beam with a defined sectional area  314 . 
     Although not illustrated, the section of the ring lens may be comprised of negative and positive meniscus rings and grids. 
     FIGS. 37,  38  and  39  illustrate a variation of FIGS. 17,  18  and  19  which show a single remote refracting ring  196 ,  202  and  206  respectively while FIG. 37 shows two remote rings labeled  316  and  318 . They may be constructed to have cross-sections and functions of those illustrated in FIGS. 7,  8 ,  9  and  10 , FIG. 12, FIG. 15, FIGS. 27,  28 ,  29  and  30 , and FIGS. 31,  32 ,  33 ,  34 ,  35  and  36 . 
     Although two refracting rings  316  and  318  are shown, a system can be constructed with three or more. One or more of the rings may be square or rectangular. Each refractive ring may have a different function as illustrated in FIG.  38 . Outer ring  318  refracts a portion of the radial beam labeled  320  resulting in radial indirect rays  322  while inner ring  316  refracts a lower portion of the radial beam labeled  324  as ambient downlight rays  326 . 
     FIG. 37 shows a supporting system between  318  and  316  which forms a triangular structure  319  formed of wire which does not shadow light emanating from the rings. As an alternative to structure  319 , a radial light containment disk  321  (the function of which is described in the text pertaining to FIG. 17) may be used as a structural support for the refractive rings  318  and  316 . 
     FIG. 39 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a radial light distribution structure  328  comprising a radial beam projector  330 , an inner refractive ring  332 , and an outer refractive ring  324 . Both  332  and  334  have a plano-convex profile (or double convex profile, not illustrated) further described in FIGS. 40A and 40B. The radial beam projector  330  is comprised of a lamp  336  surrounded by spherical or aspheric collimating ring  338  and a baffle ring assembly  340  (which is optional to the function of the system). The lower portion of rays  324  of the radial beam projected by the radial beam projector  330  is intercepted and refracted by  332  as rays  342 . The upper portion of the radial beam  320  strikes  324  and is refracted as rays  344 . If either  332  or  324  is inverted, a corresponding change in the direction of  342  and  344  (respectively) would take place. 
     FIGS. 40A and 40B illustrate (in section) segment  346  of a piano convex lens  348  and segment  352  of a positive cylindrical lens  348  (respectively). Both  346  and  352  refract rays  324 / 320  at converging and diverging rays  342 / 350 . 
     Lens segment such as  346  and  352  may be used in single ring systems such as those shown in FIG. 17, or in systems requiring three or more refractive elements. Lens segment profiles illustrate by  346  and  352  may be incorporated into linear structures as illustrated on FIGS. 7,  8 ,  9  and  10 . 
     It is ideal for the focal distance of  332  to be equal to F 1  (FIG. 39) and the focal distance of  334  to be equal to F 2  (FIG.  39 ). 
     FIG. 41 illustrates a multi-function light distribution structure  354 . This structure integrates a multi-function collimator  356  (as described in patent application Ser. No. 08/201.466 filed Feb. 25, 1994 entitled Architectural Lighting Distributed from Contained Radially Distributed Light), linear light distribution elements  358  and  360  (as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,676,457 Oct. 14, 1997 and patent application Ser. No. PCT/US 98-11382 having an International Filing Date of Jun. 3 rd , 1998 entitled Refractive and Reflective Wave Lens for Light Shaping). The multi-beam collimator  356  that surrounds lamp  366  is comprised of two optical elements, a ring lens  368  and aspheric lenses  370  located in bores within ring lens  368 . The ring lens  368  projects a radially distributed beam  372  which is refracted by radial refracting ring  374  (all profiles and functions of radially refracting ring s previously described in this document may be applied to FIG.  41 ). The aspheric rings  370  located in the bores of ring lens  368  provide axially collimated light through linear light distribution elements  358 ,  360 ,  362  and  364 . Although FIG. 41 illustrates four linear light distribution elements, any number may be used with the described system. 
     The combined lighting arrangement of light distribution elements  358  and  360 , ring lens  368  and aspheric lens  370  may be combined with optical structures with any of the ring arrangements shown and described in other figures, such as those of FIGS. 17-20 23 - 25 ,  37  and  42 . 
     FIG. 42 represents a light distribution structure  376  comprised of a radial beam projector  378 , a reflecting wave guide  380  (the structure and function of which is described in Patent Pending Case PCT/US/11382 having an International Filing Date of Jun. 3 rd , 1998, entitled Refracting and Reflecting Wave Lens for Light Shaping) and a reflecting ring  382 . The radial beam projected from  378  is divided into an upper portion  384  (which strikes and is reflected by  380  directly) and a lower portion  386  which strikes reflecting ring  382 . The reflecting surface of reflecting ring  382  is canted so that  386  is reflected towards and onto  380  as  388 . 
     FIG. 43 is a cross-sectional variation of FIG.  42 . The variation of  380  is flat in FIG.  43 . Detail section  390  of FIG. 42 is further illustrated in FIG.  44 . 
     FIG. 44 shows detail section  390  as concentric circular V grooves  392 , formed by parallel isosceles prisms  394 , the centerlines  396  of  394  converging at point P. This results in a change of pitch of a typical reflecting face of  398 , which in turn changes the direction of rays  400 ,  401  and  404 ,  406  (FIG.  43 ), respectively. 
     It will now be apparent to those skilled in the art that other embodiments, improvements, details and uses can be made consistent with the letter and spirit of the foregoing disclosure and within the scope of this patent, which is limited only by the following claims, construed in accordance with the patent law, including the doctrine of equivalents.