Abstract:
The invention relates to an electrical connector locking hub nut that does not damage the wiring during pulling, frees up manpower by allowing one person rather than two to be able to do the pulling, has a simplified design, and which has universal threading for conduit of all currently approved sizes and materials.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     Not applicable. 
     STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT 
     No federal government funds were used in researching or developing this invention. 
     NAMES OF PARTIES TO A JOINT RESEARCH AGREEMENT 
     Not applicable. 
     BACKGROUND 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     This invention relates to electrical fittings used in the installation of electrical conduit, and namely an improved locking hub nut. 
     2. Background of the Invention 
     The current state of knowledge is as follows. Electrical conduit is a system used for protection and routing of electrical wiring. Electrical conduit is generally made of metal or plastic polymers, and protects the wiring from mechanical damage and chemical interference, e.g. water. Conduit also requires the use of special fittings for connections, end points, and so forth. Two common electrical connectors are snap-in connectors and multi-part connectors. Snap-in connectors use a snap-in ring to quickly connect to a junction box, and multipart connectors use threaded, multipart lock-nut components. Various types of wiring can be pulled into a conduit, which simplifies building design and construction as well as building renovations, since wiring can be added or replaced by pulling through the existing conduit. 
     However, wiring is frequently damaged during such pulls due to the interaction of the wiring on the fittings that are used, often resulting in the wiring insulation being damaged and/or removed from sections. Since the use and installation details for conduit are governed by various building codes, this kind of damage can make the difference between a successful inspection or an inspection that requires re-installation. 
     One way to reduce the incidence of damaging the wiring is to install the wiring in two person teams with one person feeding the wire while the other pulls it through the conduit. However, this doubles the labor cost both in terms of actual expenses as well as efficiency. 
     Another solution has been to use a plastic bushing to cover the sharp edges that might damage the wiring. Plastic bushings are intended to protect already installed wire during hot/cold expansion or mechanical movement. However, and although the plastic bushings are helpful for already installed wire, they are nonetheless sharp enough to damage wire during pulling and are not designed for this. 
     Significant problems also arise with the fittings. For instance, snap-in electrical connectors are known to be problematic for having a loose electrical connection, which can be dangerous, and they allow contaminants to enter the connection. Multipart connectors are known to be problematic for many reasons, including the inherent clumsiness of the required disassembly and reassembly, use for special tools for tightening, the potential of lost locknuts, cross-threading of the locknuts, the large amount of space used within the junction box, and the non-optional destruction of the connector that occurs during disassembly. 
     There remains a need for a locking hub nut that does not damage the wiring during pulling, frees up manpower by allowing one person rather than two to be able to do the pulling, has a simplified design, and which has universal threading for conduit of all currently approved sizes and materials. 
     BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Accordingly, provided herein in order to address problems in the prior art is an electrical connector for terminating an electrical conduit having a protective rounded rim to avoid wire insulation damage, comprising: a locking hub nut, wherein said locking hub nut is toroid-shaped and has a rounded end and a flat end, said locking hub nut having a central axial bore extending therethrough, said locking hub nut having an external surface having a plurality of ribs for cooperative engagement during conduit installation, wherein central axial bore is screw-threaded along an inner surface, wherein the rounded end has a rounded rim, said rounded rim having a substantially smooth surface and extending inwardly into the central axial bore, wherein upon threading wiring through the central axial bore the rounded rim guides the wiring travelling therethrough in such a manner that there is minimal interaction with any sharp edges while being pulled through a length of conduit and interacting with the locking hub nut during such a pull operation, and wherein the locking hub nut has a height from flat end to rounded end of from about 11 mm to about 16 mm and provides for engagement with a junction box without using a lock nut. 
     In a preferred embodiment, the electrical connector further comprises wherein flat end has gripping projections that allow the locking hub nut to engage with the junction box and increase the frictional interaction to substantially prevent unwanted rotation. 
     In a preferred embodiment, the electrical connector further comprises wherein the locking hub nut has a central axial bore that is sized to engage with conduit of a specific diameters, said conduit diameter selected from a group of standard conduit sizes comprising ½″, ¾″, 1″, 1¼″, 1½″, 2″, 2½″, 3″, 3½″, 4″, 5″, and 6″. 
     In a preferred embodiment, the electrical connector further comprises wherein the locking hub nut has a central axial bore sized to engage conduit of a diameter comprising ½″, ¾″, or 1″. 
     In a preferred embodiment, the electrical connector further comprises wherein the external surface has a plurality of screw lugs, wherein said screw lugs function as a conduit engagement system with one or more setscrews inserted into a through-hole of said screw lugs, and wherein said conduit engagement system provides a mechanism for securing conduit into position. 
     In a preferred embodiment, the electrical connector further comprises wherein the flat end has gripping projections that allow the locking hub nut to engage with the junction box and increase the frictional interaction to substantially prevent unwanted rotation. 
     In a preferred embodiment, the electrical connector further comprises wherein the locking hub nut is manufactured from galvanized steel or die-cast zinc. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a diagram of various views of the inventive subject matter.  FIG. 1  shows a perspective view, both top down and bottom up, an external side view, a top view, a bottom view, and a side cross-sectional view. 
         FIG. 2  is a diagram of various views of the version of inventive subject matter having screw lugs for using setscrews to secure conduit.  FIG. 2  shows a perspective view, both top down and bottom up, an external side view, a top view, a bottom view, and a side cross-sectional view. 
         FIG. 3  is a graphical representation of the inside of a junction showing two locking hub nuts in operation. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     The locking hub nut  10  of the present invention is shown in  FIGS. 1 and 2 . Referring now to the figures, locking hub nut  10  is a toroid-shaped unit having a rounded end  12  and flat end  14 . Rounded end has a rounded rim  12   a  which is substantially smooth and functions to guide conduit wiring (not shown) away from damaging sharp edges and substantially prevents damage to the wire insulation. Locking hub nut  10  has an internal central bore  16  which is concentric with axis  18 , and an octagonal configuration of external surface  20  which permits engagement by a suitable installation tool for tightening. Internal central bore  16  is screw-threaded along the inner surface  22 . External surface  20  has a plurality of ribs  24 , and without limiting the invention to the octagonal design shown, said ribs  24  allow for engagement by a common channel lock pliers (not shown), rather than requiring any special tightening tool or risking damage to the screw-driver which is commonly used by electricians to tighten such nuts. Ribs  24 , without limitation, are here composed of recess  24   a  and projection  24   b.    
     The rounded end  12  is the portion of the locking hub nut  10  that interacts with the wire (not shown) being pulled through the conduit and provides a smooth surface so as not to damage, or rip, the insulation that covers electrical wires. In operation, rounded rim  12   a  extends inwardly into the topmost space of the central bore  16  such that when the unit (nut  10 ) is viewed from directly above and looking through the bore  16 , the rounded rim or rounded lip ( 12   a ) can be seen to guide a wire travelling therethrough in such a manner that there is little or no interaction with the threaded sidewalls nor with any edged or sharp or otherwise damaging surface that a wire might encounter while be pulled through a length of conduit and interacting with the locking hub nut during such a pull operation. 
     Flat end  14  may be outfitted with gripping projections  26  (shown in  FIG. 2 ) such as a plurality of teeth, knobs, knurling, checkering, texturing, or surface features that allow the locking hub nut to engage with the junction box and increase the frictional interaction to substantially prevent unwanted rotation. 
     The internal central bore  16  is screw-threaded for universal engagement with current types of conduit and connectors. Importantly, the unit is constructed with enough threads such that it is tall enough to eliminate the need for a traditional lock nut, thus simplifying the installation and reducing the number of parts required for installing conduit. Since most junction boxes are 3/16″ thick, the locking hub nut  10  provided herein fits over existing connectors and provides a flush fit, with no edge. In preferred embodiments, the unit ranges in height from: 
     about 11 mm to about 16 mm, and from 
     about 12 mm to about 15 mm and from 
     about 12.5 mm to about 13.5 mm, and from 
     about 12.8 mm to about 13.2 mm, 
     and also includes without limitation each independent value therebetween, such as in  FIG. 1  and  FIG. 2  which shows an illustrated height of 13.05 mm, along with other illustrative dimensional values. 
     In one preferred embodiment, the threading  22  has a 1.8 pitch, but which can be varied according to the need. 
     In  FIG. 1 , the locking hub nut  10  is manufactured to accommodate conduit of many diameters, including all standard sizes such as ½″, ¾″, 1″, 1¼″, 1½″, 2″, 2½″, 3″, 3½″, 4″, 5″, and 6″. In one of the preferred embodiment, the locking hub nut  10  is capable of engageably threading onto conduit of diameter ½″, or ¾″, or 1″. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 2  of the drawings, another preferred embodiment of the locking hub nut  10  is shown. Similar to  FIG. 1 , except  FIG. 2  illustrates the addition of screw lugs  26  on external surface  20 . Screw lugs  26  are used in this embodiment as a conduit engagement system whereby setscrew  28  (not shown) is inserted in through-hole  30 . Through-hole  30  is threaded on inner surface  32  and allows setscrew  28  to engage the conduit which is inserted in the locking hub nut  10  through internal central bore  16 , and provides a mechanism for securing said conduit into position. 
     As stated above,  FIG. 2  illustrates how flat end  14  may be outfitted with gripping projections  34 , and may include a plurality of teeth, knobs, knurling, checkering, texturing, or surface features that allow the locking hub nut to engage with the junction box and increase the frictional interaction to substantially prevent unwanted rotation. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 3  of the drawings, an example is shown of two locking hub nuts located inside a junction box. As can be seen, the conduit travels smoothly due to the rounded rim. 
     In preferred embodiments, the locking hub nut is manufactured from galvanized steel. In other preferred embodiment, as with other electrical fittings for general purpose use with metal conduits, may be made of die-cast zinc, but where stronger fittings are needed, they are made of copper-free aluminum or cast iron. Alternatively, it may be nickel coated. 
     The unit is preferably made from a poured mould. Casting methods are well known and include without limitation investment casting, die casting, vacuum casting, and centrifuge casting. Although galvanized steel is preferred for economic reasons, the unit may also be made from any hard conductive metal, alloy, or composite. 
     Conduit systems are classified by the wall thickness of tubing, mechanical stiffness of the tubing, and material used to make the tubing. Locking hub nut  10  provides a universal solution for many types of conduit including the following. 
     Example: Rigid Metal Conduit (RMC) 
     Rigid Metal Conduit (RMC) is a thick threaded tubing, usually made of coated steel, though it may be aluminum. Thicker-walled than IMC. 
     Example: Rigid Nonmetallic Conduit (RNC) 
     Rigid Nonmetallic Conduit (RNC) is a non-metallic unthreaded tubing. 
     Example: Galvanised rigid conduit (GRC) 
     Galvanised rigid conduit (GRC) is galvanised steel tubing, with a tubing wall that is thick enough to allow it to be threaded. Its common applications are in commercial and industrial construction. 
     Example: Electrical metallic tubing (EMT) 
     Electrical metallic tubing (EMT), sometimes called thin-wall, is commonly used instead of galvanised rigid conduit (GRC), as it is less costly and lighter than GRC. EMT is not threaded. Lengths of conduit are connected to each other and to equipment with clamp-type fittings. Like GRC, EMT is more common in commercial and industrial buildings than in residential applications. EMT is generally made of coated steel, though it may be aluminum. 
     Example: Electrical Nonmetallic Tubing (ENT) 
     Electrical Nonmetallic Tubing (ENT) is a thin-walled corrugated tubing that is moisture-resistant and flame retardant. It is pliable such that it can be bent by hand and is often flexible although the fittings are not. It is not threaded due to its corrugated shape although the fittings might be. 
     Example: Flexible Metallic Conduit (FMC), Armored Cable (Type AC), and Metallic-Clad (Type MC) Cable 
     Flexible Metallic Conduit (FMC) is made through the coiling of a self-interlocked ribbed strip of aluminum or steel, forming a hollow tube through which wires can be pulled. Armored (Type AC) and Metallic-Clad (Type MC) cables are very similar in appearance to FMC. The difference between FMC and AC or MC is that FMC is a conduit and AC/MC are sheathed cable. 
     Example: Liquidtight Flexible Metal Conduit (LFMC) 
     Liquidtight Flexible Metal Conduit (LFMC) is a non-metallic and liquidtight jacket covering a flexible metal interior. The interior is similar to FMC. 
     Example: Flexible Metallic Tubing (FMT) 
     Flexible Metallic Tubing (FMT) is a liquidtight metallic tubing but unlike LFMC, it lacks a non-metallic jacket. 
     Liquidtight Flexible Nonmetallic Conduit (LNFC) 
     Liquidtight Flexible Nonmetallic Conduit (LNFC) refers to several types of flame-resistant non-metallic tubing. Interior surfaces may be smooth or corrugated. There may or may not be integral reinforcement within the conduit wall. It is also known as FNMC. 
     Aluminum conduit 
     Aluminum conduit, similar to Galvanized Metal Conduit (GMC), is a rigid conduit, generally used in commercial and industrial applications, where a higher resistance to corrosion is needed. 
     Intermediate metal conduit (IMC) 
     Intermediate Metal Conduit (IMC) is a steel tubing heavier than EMT but lighter than RMC. It may be threaded. 
     PVC conduit 
     PVC conduit is the lightest in weight compared to other conduit materials, and usually lower in cost than other forms of conduit. In North American electrical practice, it is available in three different wall thicknesses, with the thin-wall variety only suitable for embedded use in concrete, and heavier grades suitable for direct burial and exposed work. The various fittings made for metal conduit are also made for PVC. The plastic material resists moisture and many corrosive substances, but since the tubing is non-conductive an extra bonding (grounding) conductor must be pulled into each conduit. 
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Comparative Advantages 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 WHEN HEAVIER CABLE IS PULLED FROM 
                 PLASTIC BUSHING, WILL SNAP OR STRIP 
               
               
                 SERVICE GEAR OR JUNCTION BOXE&#39;S THE 
                 OFF THE THREADS AND CAUSE THE 
               
               
                 SLICKNUT IS THE FIRST TO MAKE BOND TO 
                 INSULATION OFF THE CABLE TO GET 
               
               
                 METAL, AND IS DESIGNED TO WIDTHSTAND 
                 DAMAGED. 
               
               
                 THE PREASSURE OF CABLE RESTING ON THE 
                 GROUND BUSHING, CAUSES FRICTION 
               
               
                 INSIDE PERAMETER WITHOUT BREAKING OR 
                 BETWEEN PLASTIC INSULATION OF 
               
               
                 SNAGGING ON ANY SHARP EDGES. 
                 CABLE, AND PLASTIC AROUND GROUND 
               
               
                   
                 BUSHING, MUST BE MONITERED WHEN 
               
               
                   
                 PULLING CABLE SO INSULATION DOES 
               
               
                   
                 NOT GET DAMAGED. 
               
               
                 WHEN PUSHING WIRE IN SERVICE GEAR OR 
                 PLASTIC BUSHING, HAS INSIDE LIP AND 
               
               
                 JUNCTION BOXE&#39;S, THERE WILL BE NO 
                 75% OF THE TIME WILL STOP FISHTAPE 
               
               
                 RESISTANCE TO CABLE WHEN EXITING. 
                 OR WIRE FROM EXITING OUT OF 
               
               
                 THERE IS NO INSIDE LIP TO STOP FISHTAPE 
                 CONNECTOR. 
               
               
                 OR WIRE FROM ENTERING OR EXITING. 
                 GROUND BUSHING, HAS SAME ISSUES 
               
               
                   
                 WITH INTERIOR LIP. 
               
               
                 SLICKNUT CAN BE CONVERTED TO BE A 
                 PLASTIC BUSHING, GROUND BUSHING 
               
               
                 GROUNG BUSHING USING EXISTING GROUND 
                 CANNOT BE MULTI USE. NOT COST 
               
               
                 LUGS ON THE MARKET TODAY 
                 EFFICIENT. 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Comparative Advantages 
               
             
          
           
               
                 SLICKNUT 
                 COMPETITION 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 NO NEED FOR LOCK NUT ON ANY 
                 PLASTIC BUSHING, NEEDS LOCKNUT 
               
               
                 CONNECTOR 
                 GROUNDING BUSHING, NEEDS LOCKNUT 
               
               
                 FIT&#39;S COMPLETELY OVER ANY SIZE 
                 PLASTIC BUSHING COVERS 
               
               
                 CONNECTOR, AND COVERS THREADS 
                 THREADS, BUT HAS A LOT OF 
               
               
                 TO THE FRACTION, LEAVING NO SHARP 
                 FRICTION. THREADS STILL EXPOSED. 
               
               
                 EDGES ON PERAMETER 
                 LEAVING SHARP EDGES. 
               
               
                   
                 GROUNDING BUSHING NOT USED, ALSO 
               
               
                 WHEN WIRE IS PULLED FROM ANY 
                 PLASTIC BUSHING HAS FRICTION, 
               
               
                 DIRECTION, THERE WILL BE NO DAMAGES 
                 INSULATION ON WIRE AND PLASTIC 
               
               
                 TO THE INSULATION OF WIRE. 
                 BUSHING RUBBING TOGETHER CAUSES 
               
               
                   
                 PLASTIC BUSHING TO FAIL AND GROOVE 
               
               
                   
                 OR SNAP OFF CONNECTOR. 
               
               
                   
                 GROUND BUSHING CAN ONLY BE USED 
               
               
                   
                 FROM 1 INCH AND ABOVE, ALSO PLASTIC 
               
               
                   
                 AGAINST PLASTIC CAUSING TO MUCH 
               
               
                   
                 FRICTION. 
               
               
                 NEVER FORGET BUSHING, SLICKNUT IS THE 
                 WHEN HEAVIER CABLE IS PULLED, SOME 
               
               
                 LOCKNUT, BUSHING, AND GROUND HUB 
                 TIMES YOU DON&#39;T REALIZE THAT YOU 
               
               
                 COMBINED. MULTI FUNCTIONAL 
                 FORGOT TO INSTALL PLASTIC BUSHING 
               
               
                   
                 OR GROUND BUSHING, AND YOU END UP 
               
               
                   
                 TAKING ALL CONNECTIONS APART. 
               
               
                 SLICKNUT ELIMATES THE NEED FOR A 
                 CANNOT INSTALL PLASTIC BUSHING OR 
               
               
                 SHEEVE TO BE USED WHEN PULLING HEAVY 
                 GROUND BUSHING WHEN USING 
               
               
                 CABLE, DOES NOT LOOSE THE INSIDE 
                 SHEEVE. 
               
               
                 CIRCUMFERENCE, MAINTAINS PIPE SIZE. 
                 BOTH HAVE INSIDE SMALLER 
               
               
                   
                 PERAMETER WHICH SHEEVE WILL NOT 
               
               
                 SLICKNUT COSTS A FRACTION OF THE PRICE 
                 PLASTIC BUSHINGS, ONLY USED WHEN 
               
               
                 TO PRODUCE AND EFFICIENT ENOUGH TO 
                 PULLING LOW VOLTAGE, OR SERVICE 
               
               
                 SELL CHEAPER THAN COMPETITERS. MULTI 
                 GEAR AND JUNCTION BOXE&#39;S. 
               
               
                 FUNCTIONAL 
                 GROUNDING BUSHINGS MAINLY ON 
               
               
                   
                 SERVICE GEAR OR SUB PANELS. 
               
               
                 SLICKNUT CAN REPLACE THE USE OFF STEEL 
                 ANY ITEMS ON THE CURRENT MARKET 
               
               
                 LOCKNUTS, PLASTIC BUSHINGS, GROUND 
                 CANNOT DO WHAT THE SLICK NUT IS 
               
               
                 BUSHINGS, AND AN ASSISTANT TO HELP PULL 
                 CAPABLE OF DOING. 
               
               
                 SMALLER CABLE. 
               
               
                 ONE MAN OPERATION TO PULL FROM 
                 PLASTIC BUSHING, PLASTIC AGAINST 
               
               
                 MULTIPLE JUNCTION BOXES, ELIMINATES 
                 PLASTIC BUSHING BREAKS OR GROVES 
               
               
                 THE NEED FOR AN ASSISTANT TO PULL 
                 FROM PULLGROUND BUSHING ONLY 
               
               
                 WIRE. 
                 USED FOR MAIN SERVICE, AND SUB 
               
               
                   
                 PANELS, AND AGAIN PLASTIC TO 
               
               
                 SLICKNUT WILL NOT STRIP THREADS OR 
                 STEEL LOCK NUT WILL STRIP AND CRACK 
               
               
                 BREAK AS EASY. CAN BE SCREW DRIVER AND 
                 IF TIGHTENED TO MUCH, AND CANNOT 
               
               
                 KLEINS SMACKED TO TIGHTEN. 
                 USE CHANNEL LOCK IF MORE THAN ONE 
               
               
                 OR CHANNEL LOCKS. 
                 CONNECTOR IS SIDE BY SIDE. 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     The references recited herein are incorporated herein in their entirety, particularly as they relate to teaching the level of ordinary skill in this art and for any disclosure necessary for the commoner understanding of the subject matter of the claimed invention. It will be clear to a person of ordinary skill in the art that the above embodiments may be altered or that insubstantial changes may be made without departing from the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of the invention is determined by the scope of the following claims and their equitable Equivalents.