Abstract:
A method and device for the transmission of control and/or sensor signals between an electronic control and/or data receiving means and a pneumatic device, which are connected together by means of a pneumatic line of flexible plastic material. For the transmission of the signals using acoustic signals, microwaves or changes in pressure in the gaseous medium in the line the control and/or data receiving means and the pneumatic device are provided with at least one first converter for the conversion of electrical signals into acoustic signals or changes in pressure into electrical signal. Accordingly it is possible for electrical lines, otherwise needed for data transmission, to be dispensed with and data transmission takes place by way of the gaseous medium in the pneumatic line.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     This application is a national stage application of International Application Number PCT/EP00/08432 filed on Aug. 30, 2000 which claims priority to German Application No. 19942508.6 filed on Sep. 7, 1999. 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The invention relates to a method and a device for the transmission of control and/or sensor signals between an electronic control and/or data receiving means and a pneumatic device, which are connected together by way of a pneumatic line of flexible plastic material. 
     2. Description of the Prior Art 
     For the control of pneumatic equipment, such as valve arrangements, cylinders, drives and the like, there is on the one hand the requirement for the supply of compressed air by way of a pneumatic line and on the other hand for electrical supply lines for the supply of electrical control signals and furthermore return lines for the return of sensor signals. If a plurality of control devices, such as valves, and sensors are arranged on one pneumatic device there is a corresponding increase in the number of electrical lines, something which frequently means that there is a somewhat chaotic arrangement of lines involving high costs for the installation, servicing and repair of such equipment. 
     Although the German patent publication 19,526,459 discloses the control of a bus station on a valve station having a plurality of valves by way of a bus line, by way of which sensor feedback signals may also be communicated, in this case additional electrical power supply lines and the pneumatic line are required so that there is a considerable complexity of installation. 
     Although the German patent publication 3,147,339 A1, the German patent publication 3,209,189 A1 and the German patent publication 4,115,403 C2 disclose the transmission of control or sensor data by way of a metallic tube supply system using ultrasound, this method is generally not applicable to pneumatic lines, which normally are made of plastic material 
     OBJECT AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Accordingly one object of the present invention is to provide a method and a device by means of which the number of connecting lines leading to a pneumatic device to be controlled may be substantially reduced and installation may be simplified. 
     The advantage of the device of the invention is more especially that the control information and the sensor signals are simultaneously transmitted using the pneumatic line, which is present in any case present so that special lines are no longer necessary for this. In this case the transmission is by way of the gaseous medium in the form of acoustic signals, microwaves or changes in pressure. Accordingly the transmission of signals is possible in the case of plastic lines as normally employed. It is an advantage here to employ at least one first converter for the conversion of electrical signals into acoustic signals, microwave signals or changes in pressure, and at least one second converter for conversion of such signals into electrical signals. 
     Transmission of the data takes place bidirectionally in order for example to be able to transmit control signals in one direction and sensor signals in the other direction. For bidirectional data transmission both the control and/or the data receiving means and also the pneumatic device is provided with a first converter and with a second converter, one first converter and one second converter being able to be respectively in the form of combined bidirectional converters. In practice more especially piezoelectric, but also inductive or capacitive converters may be used for this purpose. 
     For the transmission of different control or sensor signals different frequencies and/or signal sequences and/or pressure modulation and/or pressure pulse sequences are suitable. 
     In order to dispense with having separate electrical supply lines leading to the pneumatic device, the transmission of power supply energy for the operation of electrical loads on or inside the pneumatic device is also by way of the gaseous medium in the line. 
     For this purpose it is convenient to provide means for the conversion of acoustic signals or pressure changes or pressure into electrical power energy in or on the pneumatic device. 
     The acoustic signals or pressure changes are converted in the pneumatic device preferably using the piezoelectric effect at least partially into electrical energy, for which purpose use is preferably made of a piezoelectric converter. As an alternative to this inductive or capacitive converters or an oscillating piston device may be utilized. 
     In an alternative design it is possible for the electrical power supply energy to be produced in the pneumatic device also by using of the gaseous medium for driving a microturbine or, respectively, a microgenerator device. 
     In order to ensure that the electrical supply power is continuously available, for instance in the case of a transient peak in the energy requirement, it is an advantage to provide a storage means, and more especially a capacitor or a storage cell, for the storage of the electrical supply energy produced in or on the pneumatic device. 
     A converter more particularly in the form of a microcomputer in or on the pneumatic device may advantageously serve for the conversion of the transmitted signals into control signals for at least one control means, for example a valve, in the pneumatic device and/or for the conversion of sensor signals into signals to be transmitted by way of the pneumatic line. 
     The control and/or data receiving means is preferably in the form of a bus station connected with a data bus. In this respect a plurality of pneumatic devices can be connected with this bus station by way of pneumatic lines directly or by way of branch connections. 
     In the case of systems of large size it is possible furthermore for a plurality of bus stations to be connected with the data bus, which are respectively connected with at least one pneumatic device. 
     The at least one converter and the means for the supply of electrical power energy are preferably integrated in the pneumatic device so that the arrangements are compact and for complete installation merely have to be connected by way of a single pneumatic line. 
     Working examples of the invention are illustrated in the drawings and will be explained in the following description in detail. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 is a block circuit diagram of a device for the transmission of data between a bus station and a pneumatic cylinder. 
     FIG. 2 shows a similar arrangement to that of FIG. 1 in a detailed view with a microturbine for producing electrical power energy in the pneumatic cylinder. 
     FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic view to show the operation of three pneumatic cylinders by way of three bus stations. 
     FIG. 4 shows a similar arrangement, in the case of which three pneumatic cylinders are connected with a bus station. 
     FIG. 5 shows a similar view to that of FIG. 1, in which one connection of a bus station is connected with a bus station by way of branches to three pneumatic cylinders. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     In the case of the working example of the invention illustrated in FIG. 1 one pneumatic cylinder  10  is controlled by way of an electrical data bus  11 , as for example a field bus. A pneumatic pressure source  12  is connected by way of a pneumatic line  13 , consisting for instance of flexible plastic, with the pneumatic cylinder  10 . In terminal region of the pneumatic cylinder  20  housing  14  two valves  15  and  16  are respectively integrated, which for instance are in the form of 3/2 way valves. As an alternative to this it would be possible to have a 4/3 way valve. The two valves  15  and  16  are respectively on one side connected with the pneumatic line  13  and a venting duct  17  and on the other side with one of two cylinder chambers  18  and  19  on either side of a moving piston  20 . 
     Electrical control signals for the valves  15  and  16  are supplied by way of the data bus  11  of an electronic control and data receiving means  21 . The latter comprises a bus station  22  connected with the data bus  11 , such station  22  being connected by way of a bidirectional converter  23  with the pneumatic line  13 . The bidirectional converter  23  is for example designed in the form of a piezoelectric converter and converts the supplied electrical signals into the corresponding acoustic signals or sonic oscillations, which are propagated in the gaseous medium in the line  13  and finally reach a corresponding bidirectional converter  24  in the pneumatic cylinder  10 , where they are again converted into corresponding signals. The transmission of the data comprised in the electrical signals takes place either by way of different frequencies, which may extend as far as ultrasonic frequencies and be modulated as well, or by way of acoustic signal sequences or, respectively, corresponding changes in pressure or pressure surges in the gaseous medium. As an alternative it is possible for the transmission to also for example take place using microwaves, which are also propagated in the gaseous medium, suitable microwave converters then being necessary. 
     The electrical signals produced by the bidirectional converter  24  are supplied in the housing  14  to a microcomputer  25 , where they are decoded and, dependent of the result of decoding, are converted into control signals for the two valves  15  and  16 . 
     For supplying the microcomputer  25  with power and (directly or indirectly) the valves  15  and  16  a fraction of the electrical signals produced in the converter  24  is rectified in a rectifier arrangement  26  and supplied to a storage means  27 , which for example is in the form of a capacitor. The storage means  27  provides a constant supply of current even when actually no signals are arriving by way of the line  13  or there is a current surge or increased energy requirement. In a simpler design it is possible to dispense with a storage means  27 . 
     Having regard the relatively low level of electrical energy available the valves  15  and  16  are for example in the form of valve arrangements with a multiple pilot function, more particularly with the use of piezoelectric valves. 
     Customarily sensors are arranged on such pneumatic cylinders  10  or on other pneumatic devices, the sensor signals having to be returned or fed back to the control. In the working example a pressure sensor  28  and a position sensor  29  are illustrated to detect the position of the piston. The same are connected with the inputs of the microcomputer  25 , where the corresponding sensor signals are digitalized and encoded and in this form supplied to the bidirectional converter  24 . Here they are converted into corresponding acoustic, sonic or pressure signals, and supplied by way of the line  23  to the converter  23 , where they are converted back into electrical signals and then supplied i to the bus station  22 . The corresponding information is digitalized there and supplied by way of the data bus  11  to a master station, not illustrated, which for example may be a PC. 
     It is of course possible as well, in the case of decentralized intelligence, to further process the sensor signals partly in the microcomputer  25  and/or in the bus station  22  completely or partially or to take them into account for control. 
     Instead of the microcomputer  25  another decoding and encoding means may of course be used. 
     The converter  24 , the microcomputer  25 , the rectifier arrangement  26  and the storage means  27  in the housing  14  of the pneumatic cylinder  10  are collected together in a control and data transmission means  30 , which for example may be inserted bodily or may be adapted to be externally mounted. 
     Data transmission by way of the line  13  in the two opposite directions may for example be within set time windows or slots or in accordance with the master/slave principle. Furthermore the production of the power energy may for example take place in alternation with data transmission in time windows, or however the storage of energy may occur in the storage means  27  respectively in periods, in which there is no transmission of data such transmission being controlled by the microcomputer  25 . As an alternative to this it is also possible for a fraction of the electrical signals to be constantly utilized for power supply. 
     An alternative design of a control and data transmission means  31  is illustrated in FIG. 2, which may be employed instead of the control and data transmission means  30 . Identical or functionally equivalent components or assemblies are given the same reference numerals and not described over again. The power energy is here not derived from the transmitted acoustic signals or changes in pressure in the gaseous medium, and instead the pressure in the gaseous medium is employed for driving a microturbine  32  with a microgenerator mounted thereon or integrated in it. Since the line  13  is constantly under pressure, such power energy may be produced at all times so that no storage means is required, though it however may naturally be provided. The electrical energy produced by the microturbine  32  is processed in a power processing circuit  33  and supplies the microcomputer  25  and furthermore the driver stage  34  connected with the output thereof for operation of the valves  15  and  16 . Such a driver stage  34  can of course also be provided in the case of the control and data transmission means  30 . 
     Instead of the microturbine  32  it is possible to provide a different micromechanical system for the production of electrical energy, as for example an oscillating piston arrangement. 
     The system illustrated in FIG. 3 serves for the operation of three pneumatic cylinders  10 ,  40  and  70 . The control and data receiving means  21  and the pneumatic cylinder  10  with its control and data transmission means  30  and its valves  15  and  16  are the same as in the arrangement of FIG. 1 (or FIG.  2 ). Two further control and data receiving means  51  and  81  are correspondingly connected with the data bus  11 , which is driven using a master station  35  designed in the form of a PC, such receiving means  51  and  81  being connected by way of the lines  43  and  73 , which have corresponding control and data transmission means  60  and  90 , with the pneumatic cylinders  40  and  70 . The pneumatic cylinders  40  and  70  have valves  45  and  46  and, respectively,  75  and  75 , corresponding to the valves  15  and  16 . It is in this manner that the overall arrangement may be expanded to any desired extent. 
     As an alternative to this it is also possible, as illustrated in FIG. 4, to control all pneumatic cylinders  10 ,  40  and  70  using a control and data receiving means  21 , with which for this purpose the three pneumatic lines  13 ,  43  and  73  are connected. In this case in accordance with FIG. 4 further control and data receiving means may be connected with the electrical bus  11 , and again control a plurality of pneumatic cylinders or other pneumatic devices and/or receive the sensor signals therefrom. FIG. 5 shows a possible modification of the system in FIG. 4, because here only the pneumatic line  43  is connected with the control and data receiving means  21 , whereas the pneumatic lines  13  and  73  are connected by way of branches or T-junctions with this line  43 . 
     The pneumatic cylinders  10 ,  40  and  70  employed in the working examples are only given as examples. Instead of these pneumatic cylinders or in addition thereto it is possible to employ other pneumatic devices also, such as a valve islands, pneumatic drives, servicing equipment, or plain sensor arrangements, in the case of which no control signals are supplied.