Abstract:
A camera includes a cover, a camera lens provided behind the cover, and a shield configured to block at least a portion of light entering the camera lens through the cover, wherein the shield is movable from a retracted position at which the shield does not block the at least a portion of light entering the camera lens through the cover, to an inserted position at which the shield position blocks the at least a portion of a field of view of the camera lens and is positioned between the cover and the camera lens.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     The present application is a continuation application of pending U.S. application Ser. No. 14/337,355, filed on Jul. 22, 2014, which is continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/882,863, filed on May 1, 2013, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,827,578, which is a National Stage of International Patent Application No. PCT/JP2011/006262, filed Nov. 9, 2011, which claims priority to Japanese Application No. JP 2010-251437, filed on Nov. 10, 2010, the disclosures of which are expressly incorporated by reference herein in their entireties. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present invention relates to a dome camera including a dome cover for covering a camera lens. 
     BACKGROUND ART 
     A dome camera is used as a surveillance camera or the like. In such a surveillance camera, a camera lens is covered by a dome cover, and the camera lens is protected by the dome cover. Also, a general surveillance camera includes a pan tilt function (a function of rotating a camera lens in a pan direction and a tilt direction) and a zoom function. 
     A conventional dome camera includes a hemispherical dome cover, and the center of rotation of a camera lens is arranged to be on the optical axis and to coincide with the center of the dome cover. It is known that a good image is obtained according to this arrangement. 
     However, according to the arrangement of the camera lens as described above, when capturing an image in a direction at a large tilt angle (a direction near the horizontal direction), vignetting occurs, and a good image is not obtained. Accordingly, a technique of offsetting the camera lens from the center of the dome cover in a zenith direction is conventionally proposed (for example, see Patent Literatures 1 and 2). 
     By offsetting the camera lens in the zenith direction of the dome cover, capturing of an image in a direction at a large tilt angle (a direction near the horizontal direction) is enabled without the vignetting occurring. 
     However, with a conventional dome camera, since the camera lens is offset from the center of the dome cover, aberration due to a lens effect of the dome cover occurs, and the image quality is deteriorated due to this aberration. That is, in the case of capturing an image in a direction at a large tilt angle (a direction near the horizontal direction), securing of a wide field of view and reduction in the image quality deterioration are in the relationship of tradeoff, and it is extremely difficult to achieve both of the two. 
     CITATION LIST 
     Patent Literature 
     
         
         Patent Literature 1: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2005-300659 
         Patent Literature 2: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2005-221637 
       
    
     SUMMARY OF INVENTION 
     Technical Problem 
     The present invention is made in view of the background described above. The object of the present invention is to provide a dome camera capable of achieving both securing of a wide field of view and reduction in the image quality deterioration in a case of capturing an image in a direction at a large tilt angle (a direction near the horizontal direction). 
     Solution to Problem 
     One mode of the present invention is a dome camera, and this dome camera includes a camera lens capable of rotating in a tilt direction, a dome cover for covering the camera lens, and filter insertion means for inserting a polarizing filter or a partially darkening filter on an optical axis of the camera lens as a tilt angle of the camera lens whose tilt rotation axis is positioned more in a zenith direction than a center position of the dome cover becomes larger than a predetermined threshold angle. 
     As will be described below, the present invention includes other modes. Thus, the disclosure of the invention intends to provide some modes of the present invention, and does not intend to limit the scope of the invention described and claimed herein. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is an explanatory diagram of a dome camera according to a first embodiment (tilt angle: large). 
         FIG. 2  is an explanatory diagram of the dome camera according to the first embodiment (tilt angle: small). 
         FIG. 3  is a perspective view of a lens unit according to the first embodiment (polarizing filter: inserted position). 
         FIG. 4  is a perspective view of the lens unit according to the first embodiment (polarizing filter: retracted position). 
         FIG. 5  is a perspective view of a lens unit according to a modified example of the first embodiment (darkening filter: inserted position). 
         FIG. 6  is a diagram of relationships of a tilt angle to the amount of offset and insertion/non-insertion of a filter according to the first embodiment. 
         FIG. 7  is a diagram of a relationship between a zoom factor and insertion/non-insertion of a filter according to the first embodiment. 
         FIG. 8  is a diagram of a relationship between a zoom factor and insertion/non-insertion of a filter according to a modified example of the first embodiment. 
         FIG. 9  is an explanatory diagram of a filter insertion area according to the first embodiment. 
         FIG. 10  is a perspective view of a camera unit according to a second embodiment. 
         FIG. 11  is a front view of the camera unit according to the second embodiment (polarizing filter inserted position). 
         FIG. 12  is a front view of the camera unit according to the second embodiment (infrared cut filter inserted position). 
         FIG. 13  is a front view of the camera unit according to the second embodiment (optical glass inserted position). 
         FIG. 14  is a perspective view of a filter switching mechanism according to a modified example of the second embodiment. 
         FIG. 15  is a perspective view of the filter switching mechanism according to the modified example of the second embodiment (at a time of polarizing filter insertion). 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS 
     A detailed description of the present invention is given below. However, the detailed description and the appended drawings are not to limit the invention. 
     A dome camera of the present invention is configured to include a camera lens capable of rotating in a tilt direction, a dome cover for covering the camera lens, and filter insertion means for inserting a polarizing filter or a partially darkening filter on an optical axis of the camera lens as a tilt angle of the camera lens whose tilt rotation axis is positioned more in a zenith direction than a center position of the dome cover becomes larger than a predetermined threshold angle. 
     According to this configuration, when the tilt angle of the camera lens becomes large, a polarizing filter or a partially darkening filter (a darkening filter by which incident light is partially blocked) is inserted on the optical axis of the camera lens. With the polarizing filter or the partially darkening filter, the image quality may be prevented from deteriorating due to offsetting of the camera lens. Accordingly, securing of a wide field of view and reduction in the image quality deterioration may both be achieved in the case of capturing an image in a direction at a large tilt angle (a direction near the horizontal direction). 
     Also, according to the dome camera of the present invention, the partially darkening filter may include a blocking area that blocks half of a field of view of the camera lens, and the blocking area may be set across half a range on an opposite side of the zenith direction of the dome cover. 
     According to this configuration, in the case of capturing an image in a direction at a large tilt angle (a direction near the horizontal direction), light is blocked by the blocking area of the partially darkening filter on half the range on the opposite side of the zenith direction of the dome cover. The range where light is blocked is assumed to correspond to a part where the molding precision of the dome cover is not very high and which causes deterioration of the image quality. By blocking light at this part, deterioration of the image quality can be suppressed. 
     Also, according to the dome camera of the present invention, the camera lens may include a zoom function, and when a zoom factor of the camera lens is within a range of factors on a TELE-end side greater than a predetermined threshold factor, the filter insertion means may insert the polarizing filter or the partially darkening filter on the optical axis of the camera lens. 
     According to this configuration, when the zoom factor of the camera lens is set on the TELE-end side, the polarizing filter or the partially darkening filter is inserted on the optical axis of the camera lens, and the image quality may be prevented, by the polarizing filter or the partially darkening filter, from deteriorating due to the offset of the camera lens. Additionally, when the zoom factor of the camera lens is set on a WIDE-end side, the image quality is not so deteriorated, and in this case, the polarizing filter or the partially darkening filter does not have to be inserted regardless of the tilt angle of the camera lens. 
     Furthermore, according to the dome camera of the present invention, the polarizing filter or the partially darkening filter may be inserted in front of the camera lens. 
     According to this configuration, the polarizing filter or the partially darkening filter is inserted in front of the camera lens, and light before entering the camera lens is polarized by the polarizing lens or is partially blocked by the partially darkening filter. That is, light which has been polarized by the polarizing lens or light which has been partially blocked by the partially darkening filter enters the camera lens. Deterioration of the image quality due to the offset of the camera lens may thereby be suppressed. 
     Moreover, according to the dome camera of the present invention, the polarizing filter may be inserted in front of an image sensor using switching means for an infrared cut filter and an optical glass. 
     According to this configuration, the polarizing filter may be inserted using the switching means for an infrared cut filter and an optical glass. By using a mechanism already provided (the switching mechanism for an infrared cut filter and an optical glass), the number of parts may be reduced compared to a case of separately providing a dedicated mechanism, and the manufacturing cost may be reduced and miniaturization is enabled. 
     According to the present invention, in the case of capturing an image in a direction at a large tilt angle (a direction near the horizontal direction), both securing of a wide field of view and reduction in the image quality deterioration may be achieved. 
     Hereinafter, the dome camera of an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the present embodiment, a case of a dome camera which is used as a surveillance camera or the like is illustrated. 
     (First Embodiment) 
     A configuration of a dome camera of a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.  FIGS. 1 and 2  are explanatory diagrams of the dome camera of the present embodiment.  FIGS. 3 and 4  are perspective views of a lens unit of the dome camera of the present embodiment. 
     As shown in  FIGS. 1 and 2 , a dome camera  1  includes a base  2  to be attached to a ceiling, a wall or the like, and a dome cover  3  to be attached to the base  2 . A lens unit  5  including a camera lens  4  is provided inside the dome cover  3 . The lens unit  5  is accommodated inside a housing configured from the base  2  and the dome cover  3 , and the camera lens  4  is covered by the dome cover  3 . This camera lens  4  includes a zoom function. 
     A pan motor and a tilt motor are provided to the dome camera  1 , and the lens unit  5  (the camera lens  4 ) is capable of rotating in a pan direction and a tilt direction by the driving forces of the pan motor and the tilt motor. The operation of these motors (the pan motor, the tilt motor) is controlled by a control unit such as a microcomputer. 
     As shown in  FIGS. 3 and 4 , a polarizing filter  6  is provided to the lens unit  5 . The polarizing direction of the polarizing filter  6  is a vertical direction (a height direction) or a horizontal direction (a lateral direction). A support member  8  having an arc-shaped guide portion  7  extends from an upper portion of the polarizing filter  6 . Two guide pins  9  are provided in a protruding manner on each of the left and right sides of the arc-shaped guide portion  7 . A left and right pair of guide plates  10  is provided at an upper portion of the lens unit  5 . The guide portion  7  of the support member  8  is sandwiched by the left and right pair of guide plates  10 , and the guide pins  9  are inserted, in a slidable manner, in an arc-shaped slot  11  provided to the guide plates  10 . 
     Then, when the guide pins  9  slide in the slot  11  of the guide plates  10 , the polarizing filter  6  moves in a reciprocating manner between an inserted position (a position of the polarizing filter  6  inserted in front of the camera lens  4 , as shown in  FIG. 3 ) and a retracted position (a position of the polarizing filter  6  retracted from in front of the camera lens  4 , as shown in  FIG. 4 ). A motor for a filter is provided to the dome camera  1 , and the polarizing filter  6  is enabled to move between the inserted position and the retracted position by the driving force of the motor for a filter. The operation of the motor for a filter is also controlled by a control unit such as a microcomputer. 
     A modified example of the lens unit  5  of the present embodiment is shown in  FIG. 5 . In this modified example, a partially darkening filter  12  is used instead of the polarizing filter  6 . The partially darkening filter  12  is a darkening filter that partially blocks incident light. In this case, as shown in  FIG. 5 , the partially darkening filter  12  has a blocking area  13  that blocks half of the field of view of the camera lens  4 . This blocking area  13  is set across half the range on the opposite side of the zenith direction of the dome cover  3  (the lower side in  FIG. 5 ). 
     Next, an operation of the dome camera  1  of the first embodiment configured in the above manner will be described with reference to the drawings. 
       FIG. 6  is a diagram showing, with respect to the dome camera  1  of the present embodiment, a relationship between a tilt angle and the amount of offset and a relationship between the tilt angle and insertion/non-insertion of a filter. 
     Here, the zenith direction of the dome cover  3  serves as the reference for the tilt angle of the camera lens  4 . That is, when the camera lens  4  faces the zenith direction of the dome cover  3 , the tilt angle is 0 degrees, and when the camera lens  4  faces the horizontal direction, the tilt angle is 90 degrees. Accordingly, the tilt angle becomes smaller as the camera lens  4  is moved toward the zenith direction of the dome cover  3 , and the tilt angle becomes larger as the camera lens  4  is moved from the zenith direction toward the horizontal direction. 
     In this case, the amount of offset x is dependent on a tilt angle θ. When the amount of shift between a center P 1  of the dome cover  3  and a tilt rotation axis P 2  is given as x0, the amount of offset x is given by the formula below (see  FIGS. 2 and 6 ).
 
 x=x 0×sin θ
 
     Additionally, here, a case is described where the amount of offset x is dependent on the tilt angle θ, as shown in  FIG. 6 , but the scope of the present invention is not limited to such, and the amount of offset may be changed by moving the tilt rotation axis P 2  in the zenith direction when the tilt angle becomes greater than 75 degrees, for example. 
     Furthermore, in the present embodiment, when the tilt angle of the camera lens  4  is in a range of 0° to θs, the polarizing filter  6  is not inserted (the polarizing filter  6  stays at the retracted position). When the tilt angle of the camera lens  4  exceeds θs, the polarizing filter  6  is inserted (the polarizing filter  6  moves to the inserted position). Here, the tilt angle θs corresponds to the threshold angle of the present invention. Additionally, the threshold angle θs may be set to any value according to the use, installation environment of the like of the dome camera. 
       FIG. 7  is a diagram showing, with respect to the dome camera  1  of the present embodiment, a relationship between a zoom factor and insertion/non-insertion of a filter. As shown in  FIG. 7 , when the zoom factor is within a range of 1× to 10× (a range on a WIDE-end side), the polarizing filter  6  is not inserted (the polarizing filter  6  stays at the retracted position). When the zoom factor enters a range over 10× (a range on a TELE-end side), the polarizing filter  6  is inserted (the polarizing filter  6  is moved to the inserted position). Here, the zoom factor of 10× corresponds to the threshold factor of the present invention. 
     Additionally, the polarizing filter  6  is inserted when the tilt angle is within a large tilt angle range (a range exceeding 75 degrees) and the zoom factor is within the range on the TELE-end side (the range exceeding 10×). That is, even if the tilt angle is within the large tilt angle range (for example, when the tilt angle is 90 degrees), if the zoom factor is within the range on the WIDE-end side, the polarizing filter  6  is not inserted. 
       FIG. 8  shows a modified example of control of filter insertion with respect to the zoom factor. As shown in  FIG. 8 , control of filter insertion may be performed with a predetermined hysteresis band. For example, when the zoom factor changes from a small value (a value near the WIDE end) to a large value (a value near the TELE end), the polarizing filter  6  may be inserted at a first threshold factor z 1 , and when the zoom factor changes from a large value (a value near the TELE end) to a small value (a value near the TELE end), the polarizing filter  6  may be retracted at a second threshold factor z 2  (z 1 &lt;z 2 ). 
     According to the present embodiment, insertion/non-insertion of a filter is dependent on the tilt angle and the zoom factor.  FIG. 9  is a diagram schematically showing an area where the polarizing filter  6  is inserted (a filter insertion area). As shown in  FIG. 9 , in the present embodiment, the filter insertion area is determined by the zoom factor and the tilt angle. 
     According to the dome camera  1  of the first embodiment of the present invention as described above, both securing of a wide field of view and reduction in the image quality deterioration may be achieved in the case of capturing an image in a direction at a large tilt angle (a direction near the horizontal direction). 
     That is, in the present embodiment, the tilt rotation axis P 2  of the camera lens  4  is more in the zenith direction than the center P 1  of the dome cover  3 , and thus, a wide field of view in the horizontal direction may be secured even when the tilt angle of the camera lens  4  is large. Also, in this case, when the tilt angle of the camera lens  4  becomes large, the polarizing filter  6  is inserted on the optical axis of the camera lens  4 . This polarizing filter  6  allows deterioration of the image quality due to the offset of the camera lens  4  to be suppressed. Accordingly, both securing of a wide field of view and reduction in the image quality deterioration may be achieved in the case of capturing an image in a direction at a large tilt angle (a direction near the horizontal direction). 
     Furthermore, according to the present embodiment, when the zoom factor of the camera lens  4  is set on the TELE-end side, the polarizing filter  6  is inserted on the optical axis of the camera lens  4 , and the image quality may be prevented, by the polarizing filter  6 , from deteriorating due to the offset of the camera lens  4 . Additionally, when the zoom factor of the camera lens  4  is set on the WIDE-end side, the image quality is not so deteriorated, and in this case, the polarizing filter  6  or the partially darkening filter  12  does not have to be inserted regardless of the tilt angle of the camera lens  4 . Moreover, in the case a telephoto lens with a high zoom factor is attached, deterioration of the image quality may be suppressed by inserting the polarizing filter  6  or the partially darkening filter  12  even on the WIDE-end side. 
     Moreover, according to the present embodiment, the polarizing filter  6  is inserted in front of the camera lens  4 , and light before entering the camera lens  4  is polarized by the polarizing lens. That is, light polarized by the polarizing lens enters the camera lens  4 . Deterioration of the image quality due to the offset of the camera lens  4  may thereby be suppressed. 
     According to the modified example of the present embodiment (the modified example in  FIG. 5 ), the partially darkening filter  12  is used instead of the polarizing filter  6 , but the same effect as the present embodiment is also achieved by this modified example. 
     Moreover, according to this modified example, in the case of capturing an image in a direction at a large tilt angle (a direction near the horizontal direction), light is blocked by the blocking area  13  of the partially darkening filter  12  on half the range on the opposite side of the zenith direction of the dome cover  3  (the side of the larger tilt angle, the side nearer to the horizontal direction). The range where the light is blocked is assumed to correspond to a part where the molding precision of the dome cover  3  is not very high and which causes deterioration of the image quality. By blocking light at this part, deterioration of the image quality can be suppressed. 
     (Second Embodiment) 
     Next, a dome camera of a second embodiment of the present invention will be described. Here, description will be given focusing mainly on the difference of the dome camera of the second embodiment to the first embodiment. Unless specifically stated here, the configuration and the operation according to the present embodiment are the same as those of the first embodiment. 
       FIG. 10  is a perspective view of a camera unit of the dome camera of the present embodiment, and  FIGS. 11 to 13  are front views of the camera unit. The camera unit is a unit that is provided inside a lens unit, and includes a switching mechanism for an infrared cut filter and an optical glass. The infrared cut filter is used when capturing an image in the daytime, and the optical glass is used when capturing an image at nighttime. 
     As shown in  FIGS. 10 to 13 , a camera unit  20  includes a filter frame  23  to which an infrared cut filter  21 , an optical glass  22  and a polarizing filter  6  are attached. This filter frame  23  is enabled to rotate by the driving force of a motor. Three rotation positions (a polarizing filter inserted position, an infrared cut filter inserted position, and an optical glass inserted position) are set with respect to this filter frame  23 . 
     When the rotation position of the filter frame  23  is the polarizing filter inserted position, the polarizing filter  6  is inserted in front of an image sensor (see  FIG. 11 ). Also, when the rotation position of the filter frame  23  is the infrared cut filter inserted position, the infrared cut filter  21  is inserted in front of the image sensor (see  FIG. 12 ). Furthermore, when the rotation position of the filter frame  23  is the optical glass inserted position, the optical glass  22  is inserted in front of the image sensor (see  FIG. 13 ). 
     A modified example of the camera unit  20  of the second embodiment is shown in  FIGS. 14 and 15 . In this modified example, a polarizing filter  6 , and an infrared cut filter  21  and an optical glass  22  are attached to separate filter frames  23 , and are capable of rotating independently. In this case, it is possible to insert only the infrared cut filter  21  (or only the optical glass  22 ), as shown in  FIG. 14 , or it is possible to insert both the infrared cut filter  21  (or the optical glass  22 ) and the polarizing filter  6 , as shown in  FIG. 15 . 
     Also with the dome camera  1  of the second embodiment of the present invention as described above, the same effect as the first embodiment is achieved. 
     Moreover, according to the present embodiment, the polarizing filter  6  may be inserted using the switching mechanism for the infrared cut filter  21  and the optical glass  22 . By using a mechanism already provided (the switching mechanism for the infrared cut filter  21  and the optical glass  22 ), the number of parts may be reduced compared to a case of separately providing a dedicated mechanism, and the manufacturing cost may be reduced and miniaturization is enabled. 
     Heretofore, embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, but the scope of the present invention is not limited by these, and various changes and modifications according to the object may be made within the scope described in the claims. 
     Preferred embodiments of the present invention that are currently conceivable have been described above, but it is to be understood that various modifications are possible with respect to the present embodiments, and every such modification within the true spirit and scope of the present invention is intended to be included in the appended claims. 
     Industrial Applicability 
     As described above, the dome camera according to the present invention achieves an effect that both securing of a wide field of view and reduction in the image quality deterioration are achieved in the case of capturing an image in a direction at a large tilt angle (a direction near the horizontal direction), and is useful as a surveillance camera or the like.