Abstract:
A front loader using smaller capacity engine, due to energy recuperation, while utilizing the same capacity and decreasing fuel consumption and toxic exhaust bulk. The front loader uses energy recuperation both when excavating material and upon movement with simultaneous lift of a loaded bucket. The front loader uses energy recuperation irrespective of the type of transmission to the loader wheels. The front loader uses a single crank control, without throttle control, hydraulic distributor of bucket turn, hydraulic distributor of boom lift, and displacement volume of variable pump-motor working equipment.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to a frontal loaders and more particularly pertains to providing increased efficiency while minimizing fuel consumption. 
     The use of frontal loaders is known in the prior art. More specifically, frontal loaders heretofore devised and utilized for the purpose of digging and excavating are known to consist basically of familiar, expected and obvious structural configurations, notwithstanding the myriad of designs encompassed by the crowded prior art which have been developed for the fulfillment of countless objectives and requirements. 
     By way of example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,779,416 to Chatterjea discloses a control system for the boom and bucket of a front end loader, comprised of an auxiliary pump and a primary pump. U.S. Pat. No. 4,962,825 to Albright discloses a skid steer loader with a hydraulic motor mounted to each side of the transmission case. U.S. Pat. No. 4,191,017 to Dezelan discloses a variable displacement drive motor and an auxiliary motor for use with a grader. U.S. Pat. No. 5,083,428 to Kubomoto discloses a fluid control system using two main pumps for use with a power shovel. 
     While these devices fulfill their respective, particular objective and requirements, the aforementioned patents do not describe a frontal loader for providing increased efficiency while minimizing fuel consumption. 
     In this respect, the frontal loader according to the present invention substantially departs from the conventional concepts and designs of the prior art, and in doing so provides an apparatus primarily developed for the purpose of providing increased efficiency while minimizing fuel consumption. 
     Therefore, it can be appreciated that there exists a continuing need for a new and improved frontal loader which can be used for providing increased efficiency while minimizing fuel consumption. In this regard, the present invention substantially fulfills this need. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     In the view of the foregoing disadvantages inherent in the known types of frontal loaders now present in the prior art, the present invention provides an improved frontal loader. As such, the general purpose of the present invention, which will be described subsequently in greater detail, is to provide a new and improved frontal loader which has all the advantages of the prior art and none of the disadvantages. 
     To attain this, the present invention essentially comprises a front loader comprised of an engine, working equipment, a bucket and a corresponding hydraulic cylinder or bucket turn, a boom and a corresponding hydraulic cylinder or boom lift. The engine has a gear connected thereto. The gear has a first outlet shaft coupled thereto. The front loader includes a turbine transformer coupled with the first outlet shaft of the engine. The turbine transformer has an outlet shaft couplable to loader wheels by a gear box and driving axle. The gear has a pair of gear wheels coupled thereto. The gear has a second outlet shaft. The working equipment has a variable displacement pump-motor having a hydraulic servo. The displacement pump-motor has a shaft coupled with the second outlet shaft of the gear. The displacement pump-motor is coupled with hydraulic cylinders, or the boom lift via a first hydraulic line to a distributor of the boom lift. This distributor has an outlet. The outlet is coupled with the distributor or hydraulic cylinder of the bucket turn by a second hydraulic line. The second distributor has a discharge port coupled with a tank by a third hydraulic line. A suction line of the pump-motor has a check valve disposed therein. The distributor of the boom lift has control chambers for lifting and lowering. The distributor of the bucket turn has control chambers for excavating and unloading. The outlet for the distributor of the boom lift has supply lines and a check valve coupled with the hydraulic cylinders or boom lift. The outlet for the distributor of the bucket turn has supply lines and a check valve coupled with the hydraulic cylinder or bucket turn. A third hydraulic distributor is supplied with a pair of control chambers. The suction line of the pump motor is coupled with the third hydraulic distributor by a first hydraulic line. The third hydraulic distributor has second and third hydraulic lines. The second hydraulic line is coupled with a pneumohydraulic accumulator. The third hydraulic line is coupled by two check valves to the hydraulic cylinders or boom lift and the bucket turn. One of the control chambers of the third hydraulic distributor is connected to the excavating and lifting control chambers by separate hydraulic lines and a two-position valve and the first valve. The other control chamber of the third hydraulic distributor is connected with the unloading and lowering control chambers by separate lines and the second valve. A remote proportional control block with a control crank is coupled with the excavation control chamber by a pair of lines and with the unloading control chamber by a pair of lines and with the lowering control chamber by a pair of lines and with the lifting control chamber by a pair of lines and with the hydraulic servo by a first, second and third valves. The two-position valve has control hydraulic line coupled with the first hydraulic line. 
     There has thus been outlined, rather broadly, the more important features of the invention in order that the detailed description thereof that follows may be better understood, and in order that the present contribution to the art may be better appreciated. There are, of course, additional features of the invention that will be described hereinafter and which will form the subject matter of the claims appended hereto. 
     In this respect, before explaining at least one embodiment of the invention in detail, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited in its application to the details of construction and to the arrangements of the components set forth in the following description or illustrated in the drawings. The invention is capable of other embodiments and of being practiced and carried out in various ways. Also, it is to be understood that the phraseology and terminology employed herein are for the purpose of description and should not be regarded as limiting. 
     As such, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the conception, upon which this disclosure is based, may readily be utilized as a basis for the designing of other structures, methods and systems for carrying out the several purposes of the present invention. It is important, therefore, that the claims be regarded as including such equivalent constructions insofar as they do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention. 
     It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a new and improved frontal loader which has all the advantages of the prior art frontal loaders and none of the disadvantages. 
     It is another object of the present invention to provide a new and improved frontal loader which may be easily and efficiently manufactured and marketed. 
     It is a further object of the present invention to provide a new and improved frontal loader which is of durable and reliable construction. 
     An even further object of the present invention is to provide a new and improved frontal loader which is susceptible of a low cost of manufacture with regard to both materials and labor, and which accordingly is then susceptible of low prices of sale to the consuming public, thereby making such a frontal loader economically available to the buying public. 
     Even still another object of the present invention is to provide a new and improved frontal loader for providing increased efficiency while minimizing fuel consumption. 
     Lastly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a new and improved frontal loader including a front loader comprised of an engine, working equipment, a bucket and a corresponding hydraulic cylinder or bucket turn, boom and a corresponding hydraulic cylinder or boom lift. The engine has a gear connected thereto. The gear has a first outlet shaft coupled thereto. The front loader includes a turbine transformer coupled with the first outlet shaft of the engine. The turbine transformer has an outlet shaft culpable to loader wheels by a gear box and driving axle. The gear has a pair of gear wheels coupled thereto. The gear has a second outlet shaft. The working equipment has a variable displacement pump-motor having a hydraulic servo. The variable displacement pump-motor has a shaft coupled with the second outlet shaft of the gear. The displacement pump-motor is coupled with hydraulic cylinders or the boom lift via a first hydraulic line and a distributor of the boom lift. This distributor has an outlet. The outlet is coupled with the distributor or hydraulic cylinder of the bucket turn by a second hydraulic line. The second distributor has a discharge port coupled with a tank by a third hydraulic line. A suction line of the pump motor has a check valve disposed therein. The distributor of the boom lift has control chambers for lifting and lowering. The distributor of the bucket turn has control chambers for excavating and unloading. The outlet for the distributor of the boom lift has supply lines and a check valve coupled with the hydraulic cylinder or boom lift. The outlet for the distributor of the bucket turn has supply lines and a check valve coupled with the hydraulic cylinder or the bucket turn. A third hydraulic distributor is supplied with a pair of control chambers. The suction line of the pump motor is coupled with the third hydraulic distributor by a first hydraulic line. The third hydraulic distributor has second and third hydraulic lines. The second hydraulic line is coupled with a pneumohydraulic accumulator. The third hydraulic line is coupled by two check valves to the hydraulic cylinders or boom lift and the bucket turn. One of the control chambers of the third hydraulic distributor is connected to the excavating and lifting control chambers by separate hydraulic lines and a two-position valve and the first valve. The other control chamber of the third hydraulic distributor is connected with the unloading and lowering control chambers by separate lines and the second valve. A remote proportional control block with a control crank is coupled with the excavation control chamber by a pair of lines and with the unloading control chamber by a pair of lines and with the lowering control chamber by a pair of lines and with the lifting control chamber by a pair of lines and with the hydraulic servo by a first, second and third valves. The two-position valve has control hydraulic line coupled with first hydraulic line. 
     These together with other objects of the invention, along with the various features of novelty which characterize the invention, are pointed out with particularity in the claims annexed to and forming a part of this disclosure. For a better understanding of the invention, its operating advantages and the specific objects attained by its uses, reference should be had to the accompanying drawings and descriptive matter in which there is illustrated preferred embodiments of the invention. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     The invention will be better understood and objects other than those set forth above will become apparent when consideration is given to the following detailed description thereof. Such description makes reference to the annexed drawings wherein: 
     FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the preferred embodiment of the frontal loader constructed in accordance with the principles of the present invention. 
     FIG. 2 is a kinematical diagram of the present invention. 
     FIG. 3 is a hydraulic diagram of the present invention. 
     The same reference numerals refer to the same parts through the various figures. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     With reference now to the drawings, and in particular, to FIGS. 1 through 3 thereof, the preferred embodiment of the new and improved frontal loader embodying the principles and concepts of the present invention and generally designated by the reference number  10  will be described. 
     Specifically, it will be noted in the various Figures that the device relates to a frontal loader for providing increased efficiency while minimizing fuel consumption. 
     The present invention is comprised of a front loader  10  comprised of an engine  12 , working equipment  13 , a bucket  14  and a corresponding hydraulic cylinder  16 , a boom  18  and a corresponding hydraulic cylinders  20 . The engine  12  has a gear  22  connected thereto. The gear  22  has a first outlet shaft  24  coupled thereto. The front loader  10  includes a turbine transformer  26  coupled with the first outlet shaft  24  of the engine  12 . The turbine transformer  26  has an outlet shaft  28  couplable to loader wheels by a gear box and driving axle. (Not illustrated) The gear  22  has a pair of gear wheels  30  coupled thereto. The gear  22  has a second outlet shaft  32 . The working equipment  13  has a variable displacement pump-motor  34  having a hydraulic servo  38 . The variable displacement pump-motor  34  has a shaft coupled with the second outlet shaft  32  of the gear  22 . The displacement pumpmotor  34  is coupled with the hydraulic cylinders  20  boom lift via a first hydraulic line  40  to a distributor  42  of the boom lift. The distributor  42  has an outlet. The outlet is coupled with the distributor  44  of the bucket turn by a second hydraulic line  46 . The distributor  44  has a discharge port coupled with a tank  48  by a third hydraulic line  50 . A suction line  52  of the pump-motor  34  has a check valve  54  disposed therein. The distributor  42  of the boom lift has control chambers  56 , 58  for lifting and lowering. The distributor  44  of the bucket turn has control chambers  60 , 62  for excavating and unloading. The outlet for the distributor  42  of the boom lift has supply lines  64 , 66  and a check valve  68  coupled with cylinders  20 . The outlet for the distributor  44  of the bucket turn has supply lines  70 , 72  and a check valve  74  coupled with the cylinder  16 . A third hydraulic distributor  76  is supplied with a pair of control chambers  78 , 80 . The suction line  52  of the pump motor  34  is coupled with the third hydraulic distributor  76  by a first hydraulic line  82 . The third hydraulic distributor  76  has second and third hydraulic lines  84 , 86 . The second hydraulic line  84  is coupled with a pneumohydraulic accumulator  88 . The third hydraulic line  86  is coupled by two check valves  90 , 72  to the cylinder bucket turn  16  and the boom lift  20 . One of the control chambers  78  of the third hydraulic distributor  76  is connected to the excavating control chamber  60  by lines  94 , 96 , 98 , 118 , 120  and a two-position valve  100  and a first valve  122  and to the lifting control chamber  56  by two lines  102 , 104  and the first valve  122 . The other control chamber  80  of the third hydraulic distributor  76  is connected with the unloading and lowering control chambers  62 , 58  by separate lines  124 , 106 , 108  and  110 , 112  and second valve  126 . The two-position valve  100  has a control hydraulic line  132  coupled with the first hydraulic line  40 . 
     A remote proportional control block  114  with a control crank  116  is coupled with the excavation control chamber  60  by a pair of lines  118 , 120  and with the unloading control chamber  62  by a pair of lines  106 , 108  and with the lowering control chamber  58  by a pair of lines  110 , 112  and with the lifting control chamber  56  by a pair of lines  102 , 104  and with the hydraulic servo  38  by lines  118 , 102 , 106 , 110 , 128  and valves  122 , 126 , 130 . 
     In use, the engine works when its crankshaft&#39;s rotation is driven to the inlet shaft of the gear which transmits rotation to the outlet shaft of loader movement transmission by the first outlet shaft through the turbine transformer. The inlet shaft of the gear transmits rotation to the second outlet shaft and to the variable displacement pump motor of working equipment by the gear wheels. 
     When the crank of the control block is in a neutral position, there is no oil pressure in the hydraulic lines so the distributors are in the neutral position, and the variable displacement pump motor oil delivery takes place with minimum displacement volume in accordance with the engine crankshaft angular speed. 
     Thus, if the crank of the control block is in the neutral position, oil sucked by the hydraulic line by the variable displacement pump motor is discharged to the hydraulic distributor along the hydraulic line and then it goes to the tank along the other hydraulic line. 
     Describing the excavation process, the operator inclines crank  116  to the position “excavation”. Control pressure goes along hydraulic lines  118 , 120  to the excavation control chamber  60  and via valve  122  along hydraulic lines  94 , 96  and valve  100  (pressure in hydraulic lines  40 , 132  in excavation process is enough to change valve  100  to the position connecting lines  96  with  94 ) to the control chamber  78  of the third hydraulic distributor  76  which switches to the position connecting the second hydraulic line  84  with the first hydraulic line  82 . At the same time, oil from the pump motor  34  goes along lines  40 , 46 , 70 , 72  via distributor  44  and check valve  74  goes in rodless chamber and goes out to tank from rod chamber cylinder  16 . This enables oil movement under pressure from PHA  88  to suction chamber of pump motor  34  which changes its mode of work to hydraulic motor transforming accumulated in PHA  88  energy to the work on the shaft of the hydraulic motor  34 , which is transmitted along gear wheels  30  of gear  22  of movement transmission and which is added to the work of the engine  12 . Thus, energy recuperation takes place and this additional energy goes irrespective of the type of transmission from the first outlet shaft  24  to loader wheels. Additional capacity from energy recuperation solves the problem to use more smaller capacity engine than a serial loader and same productivity in the most energy consuming operation—process of excavation without overloading this (smaller) engine with decrease of fuel consumption and volume of toxic exhaust. 
     In the process of excavation, the operator controls by crank  116 , the volume of working of the variable displacement pump motor  34 , which works in a motor mode, since oil pressure in the hydraulic servo  38  corresponds to the pressure in hydraulic lines  98 , 118 , 128 , with the help of valves  122 , 130 . This enables the changing of the bucket turn speed of the loader by displacement and without trotting control in the distributor  44  turns a bucket, which also decreases fuel consumption. 
     The process of lifting involves the following steps: After finishing the excavation process, the operator inclines the crank  116  to the “lift” position and control pressure goes along hydraulic lines  102 , 104  to chamber  56 . The pump motor  34  delivers oil to rodless chambers of hydraulic cylinders  20  along hydraulic lines  40 , 64 , 66  via distributor  42  and check valve  68 . From the rod chambers, oil goes to the tank  48 . The hydraulic line  86 , which is under pressure, is closed by the distributor  76 , the PHA is connected with the suction line of the pump-motor  34 , which changes its mode of work to that of the hydraulic motor. PHA transmits accumulated energy to the hydraulic motor  34  in such a way as when excavating. Additional capacity from energy recuperation solves the problem of using more smaller capacity engines than a serial loader of the same productivity in the most energy consuming operation of loaded bucket lifting, without overloading this engine with the decrease of fuel consumption and volume of toxic exhaust. Maximum incline of the crank  116  allows the lift loaded bucket on maximum displacement volume of pumpmotor  34 , which works in motor mode. 
     Process of Unloading 
     After finishing the process of loaded bucket lifting for unloading of material from the bucket, operator inclines crank  116  to the unloading position. Control pressure goes along hydraulic lines  106 , 108  to chamber  62 . Thus control pressure goes to chamber  80  via valve  126  and line  124  and to hydraulic servo  38  along hydraulic line  128  and valves  126  and  130 . Pump-motor  34  delivers oil to rod chambers of hydraulic cylinder  16  and goes out from rodless chambers to PHA and is accumulated as potential energy of compressed gas. This PHA energy consists of power delivery to pump-motor  34  from engine and potential energy of material in bucket. Engine is loaded with additional power, necessary for pump-motor  34 , in the least power consuming part of working cycle—unloading. Pump-motor  34  intakes oil through hydraulic line  52  and check valve  54  end work in pump-mode. 
     Process of Bucket Reset 
     After unloading, operator inclines crank  116  to the excavation position and similar to excavation control pressure goes to chamber  60 . Control pressure does not go (pressure in hydraulic lines  40 , 132  during bucket reset is not enough to change valve  100  to connect lines  96  with  94  because bucket is empty) to chamber  78  of distributor  76 . Distributor  76  is in the neutral position and accumulated energy in PHA from unloading is preserved during bucket reset. Pump-motor  34  intakes oil from tank and works in pump-mode. 
     Process of Lowering the Boom 
     For this purpose, operator inclines crank  116  to the lowering position and control pressure goes from hydraulic line  110 ,  112  to chamber  58  and via valve  126  along hydraulic line  124  to chamber  80  of distributor  76  and to hydraulic servo  38  via valve  130  and hydraulic line  128 . Pump-motor  34  delivers oil to rod chambers of hydraulic cylinders  20  and goes out from rodless chambers to PHA. Thus, the whole oil volume, coming out from rodless chambers of hydraulic cylinders  20 , goes to PHA and is accumulated as potential energy of compressed gas. This PHA energy consists of power delivery to pump-motor  34  from engine and potential energy of lifted working equipment, which is accumulated in PHA during the process of lowering the boom. 
     Thus engine is loaded with additional power, necessary for pump-motor  34 , in the least power consuming parts of working cycle process of unloading and process of lowering the boom. Accumulated PHA energy is realized in the most power consuming parts of working cycle—excavation and lifting of loaded bucket. Due to this power delivery from the engine during working cycle, the loader becomes more uniform and that determines fuel saving mode of its work. Lowering the boom and approach to the place of excavation finish the working cycle of the loader. 
     Thus, the described working process allows use of a smaller capacity engine than an engine at serial loader with same productivity and a decrease of fuel consumption and volume of gar exhaust with one crank control distributors of working equipment and volume of its pump-motor without trotting in distributors to lift a boom and turn a bucket. 
     As to the manner of usage and operation of the present invention, the same should be apparent from the above description. Accordingly, no further discussion relating to the manner of usage and operation will be provided. 
     With respect to the above description then, it is to be realized that the optimum dimensional relationships for the parts of the invention, to include variations in size, materials, shape, form, function and the manner of operation, assembly and use, are deemed readily apparent and obvious to one skilled in the art, and all equivalent relationships to those illustrated in the drawings and described in the specification are intended to be encompassed by the present invention. 
     Therefore, the foregoing is considered as illustrative only of the principles of the invention. Further, since numerous modification and changes will readily occur to those skilled in the art, it is not desired to limit the invention to the exact construction and operation shown and described, and accordingly, all suitable modification and equivalents may be resorted to, falling within the scope of the invention.