Abstract:
A method of and an apparatus for cutting a high-activity solid waste, such as a used channel box and a used control rod, to reduce same in size to facilitate its disposal. The channel box is cut axially through opposing corners to produce elongated split portions of an L-shaped in cross section, and the control rod is cut axially through a central portion to produce elongated split portions of an L-shape in cross section. The portions obtained by cutting the channel box and control rod are substantially similar in shape and facilitate storing.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention relates to a method of and an apparatus for cutting a high-activity solid waste, and more particularly it is concerned with a method and an apparatus suitable for use in cutting, reducing and disposing a high-activity solid waste produced in a nuclear reactor, such as a used channel box (hereinafter FCB) or a used control rod (hereinafter CR). 
     Heretofore, high-activity solid wastes, such as FCBs or CRs, produced in a nuclear reactor have been stored in an elongated form in a spent fuel storage pool or a high-activity solid waste storage pool in a nuclear power plant. An FCB is an elongated box of rectangular cross-sectional form and a CR is crisscross in shape. Thus, when they are stored, they raise the problem that they have a very low storage density and a very large space is required for storing them. To obviate this problem, it has become necessary to cut the FCB and CR into shapes suitable for storing, such as planar plate shape, thereby improving storing efficiency. To meet this requirement, FCB cutting apparatus have already been developed. These apparatus rely on punching or shearing effected with rotary cutters and have suffered the disadvantages that it takes time to cut an FCB and it is impossible to cut a CR. As for cutting a CR, no suitable cutting method has yet been developed. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     A first object of this invention is to provide a method of cutting an FCB and a CR which enables them to be cut into substantially the same shape that best suits storing while minimizing time and labor necessary to effect cutting. 
     A second object is to provide an apparatus constituted by a unitary structure which is suitable for carrying the PCB and CR cutting method into practice to cut them at a substantially high speed. 
     To accomplish the aforesaid objects, the invention provides two features. One of them is that the cutting method comprises the step of axially cutting an FCB of a rectangular cross-sectional shape through opposing corners thereof to produce elongated split portions of an L-shape in cross section, and the step of axially cutting a CR of a criss-cross cross-sectional shape through a central portion thereof to produce elongated split portions of an L-shape in cross section. The other feature is that the cutting apparatus comprises cutting means for cutting an FCB and a CR comprising cutting torches secured in a fixed position, and an object-of-cutting support means for moving the objects of cutting vertically in elevatory movement and horizontally for shifting movement. 
     Additional and other objects, features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the description set forth hereinafter when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 is a view of an FCB cut by the cutting method according to the invention; 
     FIG. 2 is a view of a CR cut by the method according to the invention; 
     FIG. 3 is a side view of the cutting apparatus comprising one embodiment of the invention; 
     FIG. 4 is a front view of the cutting apparatus shown in FIG. 3; 
     FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along the line V--V in FIG. 4; 
     FIG. 6 is a systematic view of a system for recovering gases, drosses and floating objects produced by the operation of the cutting apparatus shown in FIGS. 3-5; 
     FIG. 7 is a plan view of the X-Y table for the CR; 
     FIG. 8 is a view as seen in the direction of an arrow VIII in FIG. 6; 
     FIGS. 9-16 are views showing step by step the process steps for cutting an FCB by the cutting apparatus shown in FIGS. 3-5; 
     FIGS. 17-28 are views showing step by step the process steps for cutting a CR by the cutting apparatus shown in FIGS. 3-5; 
     FIG. 29 is a front view of the cutting apparatus exclusively for cutting a CR, comprising another embodiment; 
     FIG. 30 is a view showing in detail the construction of a CR; and 
     FIG. 31 is a view showing in detail the manner of cutting the velocity limiter of a CR. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     The invention will now be described in detail by referring to the embodiments shown in the drawings. 
     FIGS. 1 and 2 show an FCB and a CR respectively cut by the method according to the invention. As described hereinabove, the FCB 200 is an elongated body of a rectangular cross-sectional shape. By cutting the PCB 200 axially through opposing corners 201 and 202, it is possible to obtain two elongated split portions 203 of an L-shape in cross section. 
     As is well known, the CR 300 comprises a blade 301 of a crisscross cross-sectional shape, and a velocity limiter 302. By axially cutting the blade 301 through a central portion after severing the velocity limiter 302 from the blade 301, it is possible to obtain two elongated split portions 303 of the CR 300 of an L-shape in cross section. 
     The two L-shaped elongated split portions 203 and 303 are substantially similar in dimensions and shape. Thus, by stacking them in the same direction or alternately superposing one over another if necessary when they are stored, it is possible to greatly improve storing efficiency. 
     FIGS. 3-5 shows the construction of the cutting apparatus according to the invention, and FIG. 6 shows in a systematic view of the cutting apparatus in its entirety. 
     Referring to FIG. 3, the cutting apparatus is located on a floor of a storage pool 400 and comprises a base 1 extending over the liquid level of the pool 400, and a frame 2 extending downwardly from the base 1 along a wall surface of the pool 400 to be submerged in the water in the pool 400. The frame 2 has an upper cart 3 and a lower cart 4 which move vertically in elevatory movement while being guided by the frame 2. The upper and lower carts 3 and 4 are connected together and supported by a ball screw mechanism 5 connected to a drive motor 12 located on a undersurface of the base 1 for movement as a unit in elevatory movement as the drive motor 12 is actuated. 
     The upper cart 3 has placed thereon a detachable support table 15 suitable for supporting both an FCB and a CR which, as shown in FIG. 5, is formed with an opening 21 for inserting the FCB 200 (CR 300) and has guide rollers 22 which hold, from the side of the lower cart 4, the FCB 200 (CR 300) suspended from an upper portion of the support table 15, to support it in a predetermined position. 
     The lower cart 4 has mounted thereon clamp means 14 operated by an air cylinder for clamping an object to be cut or workpiece by gripping the FCB 200 or CR 300 at its lower end and securing same in position. The clamp means 14 also functions as a contact of a power source to supply power to the workpiece. A portion of the lower cart 4 at which the clamp means 14 is mounted is located at a higher elevation than the rest of the lower cart 4, so that it is possible to ascertain that cutting has been finished because the workpiece slightly moves downwardly when it is cut off. A member 19 is provided for guiding the velocity limiter 302 of the CR 300 toward a velocity limiter housing 18 after it is cut off. 
     For cutting the FCB 200 and CR 300, the water jet cutting technique of the electrode melting type disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 78549/75 is suitable. Torches used in this technique are located as shown in FIG. 5, and two torches 6a and 6b are used when the FCB 200 is cut but only one torch 6a is used when the CR is cut. The torches 6a and 6b which are connected to wire supply means and water supply means on the base 1 through a wire supply line 16 and a water supply line 17 respectively are supported on a cutting torch support table 23 attached to a partition wall 7 for partitioning the pool 400. The cutting torch support table 23 is constructed such that it can be moved to outside in sliding movement to detach the cutting torches 6a and 6b when maintenance and repair are carried out. 
     In order to avoid the dispersion in the pool 400 of drosses, gases and floating solid objects when a cutting operation is performed, the partition 7 serves the useful purpose. Referring to FIG. 3 again, the partition wall 7 has attached to its upper portion a door 13 and a lid 24 that can be moved only in one direction for opening and closing a space defined between the frame 2 and the partition wall 7 to allow the FCB 200 and CR 300 to be moved into or out of the space. The partition wall 7 has the velocity limiter housing 18 attached thereto which is provided with a lid 25 moved to an open position when it is desired to withdraw the velocity limiter 302 from the housing 18. Connected to an upper portion of the partition wall 7 is a gas recovery tube 27 which is connected to a gas recovery box 8 where the gases are mixed with air by means of a blower 28 and diluted before being discharged through an exhaust system. Means for collecting and diluting the gases, such as gas recovery tube 27 and blower 28, are mounted on the partition wall 7. A dross box 9 is located in a lower portion of the partition wall 7 for receiving drosses which freely move downwardly by gravity as they are produced by a cutting operation. A floating object recovery port 26 (see FIG. 4) is formed in the lower portion of the partition wall 7, and floating objects drawn together as a floating object recovery pump 10 is actuated is collected by a filter 11. The filter 11 is provided with a differential manometer 29 enabling the service life of the filter 11 to be checked at all times. Means for clearing the pool 400 of the floating objects, such as pump 10 and filter 11, are also mounted on the partition wall 7. 
     An X-Y table 40 for the CR for cutting off the velocity limiter 302 of the CR 300 will be described by referring to FIGS. 7 and 8. The X-Y table 40 is constructed such that it can be detachably attached to the upper cart 3 after the support table 15 for supporting the FCB or CR is detached therefrom, and is composed of tables 41, 42 and 43 arranged in three stages. The first stage table 41 is movable along guide rails 46 on the second stage table 42 as it is driven by a drive motor 44 through a ball screw 50 for reciprocatory movement. The second stage table 42 is movable along guide rails 47 on the third stage table 43 as it is driven by a drive motor 45 through a ball screw 51 for reciprocatory movement. The guide rails 46 intersect the guide rails 47 at right angles. 
     The first stage table 41 supports thereon clamp means 49 driven by an air cylinder 48. 
     The process steps for cutting the FCB and CR by using the cutting apparatus of the aforesaid construction according to the invention will be described by referring to FIGS. 9-28. 
     The process steps for cutting the FCB will first be described. 
     Referring to FIGS. 9 and 10, a storage rack 101 for holding the FCB 200 is moved to the site of operation. Then, clips and spacers of the FCB 200 are removed by clip removing means 102 and spacer removing means 104 suspended from a jib crane 103 while the FCB 200 is in the FCB storage rack 101. Detailed description of these operations will be omitted because they are no different from those performed in the prior art. Meanwhile, the support table 15 for use with both the FCB and CR is attached to an upper portion of the upper cart 3 of the cutting apparatus. 
     As shown in FIG. 11, the door 13 of the partition wall 7 of the cutting apparatus is brought to an open position, and the FCB 200 is moved downwardly from the upper portion of the upper cart 3 by an FCB handling tool 106 operated from an operation platform 105 as shown in FIG. 12. Thereafter, the door 13 is closed as shown in FIG. 13 and the upper and lower carts 3 and 4 are moved up and down as shown in FIG. 14 to perform cutting. Upon finishing cutting, the elongated split portion 203 of the FCB 200 is taken out by an elongated split portion handling tool 111 as shown in FIG. 15 and placed in an elongated split portion housing 127 as shown in FIG. 16. 
     The process steps for cutting the CR will be described. 
     Referring to FIG. 17, the CR 300 is moved by a CR handling tool 121 to a temporary mount 122 to which the X-Y table 40 for the CR 300 is attached by means of a table hanger 123 as shown in FIG. 18, and the CR 300 is clamped in place by the clamp means 49 (FIGS. 7 and 8) of the X-Y table 40. At this time, the support table 15 for the FCB and CR has been moved from the upper cart 3 of the cutting apparatus. Then, as shown in FIG. 19, the X-Y table 40 for the CR is lifted together with the CR 300 by the table hanger 123 from a CR storage rack 124 and moved into the space defined by the partition wall 7 after the door 13 is opened, to be mounted on the upper cart 3 of the cutting apparatus. At this time, the CR 300 is supported such that its lower end clears the lower cart 4. Thereafter, the upper and lower carts 3 and 4 are moved upwardly until a portion of the CR 300 at which the velocity limiter 302 is severed from the blade 301 is disposed at the same elevation as the cutting torches 6a and 6b. The drive motors 44 and 45 of the X-Y table 40 are suitably actuated to move the CR 300 horizontally to cut off the velocity limiter 302. The velocity limiter 302 severed from the blade 301 in this way is moved, as shown in FIG. 21, by the guiding and moving member 19 (FIG. 3) on the lower cart 4 into the velocity limiter housing 18. 
     Referring to FIG. 22, the blade 301 of the CR 300 from which the velocity limiter section 302 is severed is detached together with the X-Y table 40 for the CR from the cutting apparatus, and moved to the temporary mount 122 for the CR as shown in FIG. 23. Then, the support table 15 for the FCB and CR is mounted on the upper cart 3 of the cutting apparatus by an operation shown in FIG. 24. Thereafter, the CR 300 on the temporary mount 122 for the CR is withdrawn from the X-Y table 40 for the CR as shown in FIG. 25 and inserted through an upper portion of the cutting apparatus and clamped in position by the clamp means 14 (FIG. 3) on the lower cart 3 (FIG. 26). 
     The upper and lower carts 3 and 4 are moved up and down to cut the CR 300 axially through the center of a tie rod by means of the cutting torch 6a. After the cutting operation is finished, the elongated split portion 303 of the CR is withdrawn by the elongated split portion handling tool 111 as shown in FIG. 27, and an inserted in an elongated split portion housing 126 as shown in FIG. 28. 
     The process steps for the cutting operations described hereinabove are shown tables as follows: 
     
                                           TABLE 1__________________________________________________________________________Process Steps for Cutting FCBNo.   Item          Equipment in Use                          Operation Site__________________________________________________________________________ 1 FCB moved     Operation platform 105                          From storage position            FCB handling tool 106                          to operation position                          (FCB storage rack                          101) 2 Clip removing means 102            --            FCB storage rack 101   mounted 3 Clips removed Exclusive jib crane 103            Clip removing means 102            (FIG. 9) 4 Clips discarded            Same as above and discarded            containers 5 Clip removing means            --   dismounted 6 Spacer removing means            --            FCB storage rack 101   104 mounted 7 Spacers removed            Exclusive jib crane 103            Spacer removing means 104            (FIG. 10) 8 Spacers discarded            Same as above and dicarded            vessels 9 Spacer removing means 104            --   dismounted10 Partition wall door 13 of   Cutting apparatus   cutting apparatus opened    from FCB storage11 FCB moved     Operation platform 105                          rack 101 to cutting            FCB handling tool 106                          apparatus            (FIG. 12)12 Partition wall door 13            Cutting apparatus                          Cutting apparatus   opened13 FCB cutting commenced            Cutting apparatus                          Cutting apparatus   Circulation pump 10   actuated   Blower 28 actuated   Water supply pump actuated   Wire supplied   Upper and Lower carts   driven14 FCB cutting terminated            (FIG. 14)   (equipment deactuated)15 Partition wall door 13            --            Cutting apparatus   opened16 FCB detached, moved            Operation platform 105                          From cutting   and stored    Elongated split portion                          apparatus to elongat-            handling tool 111                          ed split portion            (FIG. 15)     housing 10717 Partition wall door 13            --            Cutting apparatus   closed        (FIG. 16)__________________________________________________________________________ (Note) In the operation tabulated hereinabove, the process steps 2-9 and 10-17 can be followed simultaneously. 
    
     
                                           TABLE 2__________________________________________________________________________Process Steps for Cutting CRNo.   Item          Equipment in Use                          Operation Site__________________________________________________________________________ 1 CR300 moved   Operation platform 105                          From storage position            CR handling tool 121                          to CR temporary            (FIG. 17)     mount 122            CR temporary mount 122 2 CR regripped  Operation platform 105                          CR temporary mount   CR handling tool 121            X-Y table 40 for CR                          122   switched to table            Table hanger 123 (FIG. 18)   hanger 123 3 Partition wall door 13 of            --            Cutting apparatus   apparatus opened 4 CR 300 mounted            Operation platform 105                          From CR temporary            X-Y table 40 for CR                          mount 122 to cutting            Table hanger 123                          apparatus            Cutting apparatus (FIG. 19) 5 Partition wall door 13            --            Cutting apparatus   closed 6 Cutting of CR velocity            Cutting apparatus                          Cutting apparatus   limiter 302 commenced   Circulation pump 10   actuated   Blower 28 actuated   Water supply pump   actuated   Wire supplied   X-Y table 40 driven 7 Cutting of CR velocity            (FIGS. 20 and 21)   limiter 302 terminated   (All equipment rendered   inoperative) 8 Partition wall door 13            --            Cutting apparatus   opened        (FIG. 22) 9 CR temporarily removed            Operation platform 105                          From cutting appa-   and moved     X-Y table for CR 40                          ratus to CR temporary            Table hanger 123                          mount 122            (FIG. 23)10 FCB/CR support table 15            Operation platform 105                          From temporary mount   installed     FCB/CR support table 15                          122 to cutting            Table hanger 123                          apparatus            Cutting apparatus            (FIG. 24)11 CR regripped  Operating platform 105                          Cutting apparatus   Table hanger 123            CR handling tool 21   switched to CR handling            CR temporary mount 122   tool 121      (FIG. 25)12 CR reinstalled            Operation platform 105                          From CR temporary            CR handling tool 21                          mount 122 to Cutting            Cutting apparatus                          apparatus            (FIG. 26)13 Partition wall door 13            --            Cutting apparatus   closed14 Cutting of CR Commenced            Cutting apparatus                          Cutting apparatus   Circulation pump 10   actuated   Blower 28 actuated   Water supply pump   actuated   Wire supplied   Upper and lower carts   3 and 4 driven15 Cutting of CR terminated   (All equipment rendered   inoperative)16 Partition wall door 13            --            Cutting apparatus17 CR removed, moved and            Operation platform 105                          From cutting   stored        Elongated split portion                          apparatus to elongat-            handling tool 111                          ed split portion            (FIG. 27)     housing 12618 Partition wall door 13            --            Cutting apparatus   closed        (FIG. 28)__________________________________________________________________________ 
    
     In the embodiment shown and described hereinabove, the FCB and CR can be cut into elongated split portions of an L shape in cross section. Thus, by storing these elongated split portions in the housing rack as shown in FIG. 28, storing efficiency can be improved from about fourfold to sevenfold as compared with storing the FCB and CR in their original shapes. The cutting operation for cutting the FCB and CR can be performed in the water by remote control by means of the same cutting apparatus. Combined with a shortening of time required for performing the cutting operation made possible by a reduction in the length of the cutting line, this has improved operation efficiency while reducing the risk of exposure of the operator to radiation. 
     In the embodiment shown and described hereinabove, the cutting has been described has being performed by a jet cutting technique. This is because this cutting technique best serves the purpose and suits the condition. However, the invention is not limited to this specific cutting technique when the method according to the invention is carried into practice, and any other suitable cutting technique may be used without departing from the scope of the invention. 
     When the velocity limiter 302 of the CR is severed from the blade 301, the cutting torch 6a can be moved horizontally. When this is the case, the X-Y table 40 for the CR can be eliminated, by means should be provided for moving the cutting torch 6a and lines connected to the cutting torch 6a should be rendered flexible. 
     The cutting apparatus shown and described hereinabove may be simplified as a cutting apparatus exclusively for cutting the CR by doing without the function for cutting the FCB for which a solution has already been found. 
     FIG. 29 shows another embodiment of the cutting apparatus in conformity with the invention which is essentially no different from the embodiment in a condition in which the X-Y table 40 for the CR is attached to the upper cart 3 of the cutting apparatus. 
     Referring to FIG. 30, the CR 300 is formed with a square opening at an upper portion of the velocity limiter 302 which is of a crisscross cross-sectional shape. When cutting is performed, the CR 300 is clamped on to the table 40 by clamp means and moved, as shown in FIG. 31 in an X-Y direction together with the table 40, to thereby cut each of portions of the blade 301 of the crisscross shape. At this time, the two cutting torches 6a and 6b cut two portions each of the blade 301 of the crisscross shape. After the velocity limiter 302 is cut off, the center of the blade 301 of the crisscross shape is moved toward the torch 6a and cutting is effected by feeding a cutting material to the torch 6a. 
     In this embodiment, the need to replace the support table 15 for both the FCB and CR by the X-Y table 40 exclusively for the CR is eliminated, thereby improving the operability of the CR cutting operation. 
     When the cutting method according to the invention is used, the FCB and CR can be cut into split portions of a substantially similar shape that suits storing by effecting cutting along a substantially short cutting line. 
     In the cutting apparatus according to the invention described hereinabove and shown in the drawings, the FCB and CR can be cut in the water by remote control into portions of a substantially similar shape or the CR can be cut at least into portions of an L-shape in cross section.