Abstract:
Systems and methods are described for forming and observing three-dimensional images and, more particularly, to stereoscopic video technology. The systems and methods can be used to make stereoscopic and autostereoscopic (e.g., glasses-free or naked eye) television sets and monitors based on different optical structures with maximum spatial resolution at each view of the stereo image, equal to full spatial resolution of optical structures. The systems and methods permits the manufacture of flat-panel autostereoscopic displays using crystal (LC) matrices of practically any type and provides for the autocompensation of nonlinearity of the transmission characteristics of the matrices.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
       [0001]    The instant application is a continuation-in-part of and claims priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/141,628 filed Oct. 18, 2011, pending, is a national phase of PCT International Patent Application Serial No. PCT/IB2009/007865, filed Dec. 22, 2009, expired, and claims priority to Russian Patent Application Serial No. 2008151367, filed Dec. 25, 2008, issued, the entire specifications of all of which are expressly incorporated herein by reference. 
     
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    The invention relates to technology for forming and observing three-dimensional images and, more particularly, to stereoscopic video technology. The invention can be used to make stereoscopic and autostereoscopic (e.g., glasses-free or naked eye) television sets and monitors based on different optical structures with maximum spatial resolution at each view of the stereo image, equal to full spatial resolution of optical structures. The invention permits the manufacture of flat-panel autostereoscopic displays using crystal (LC) matrices of practically any type and provides for the autocompensation of nonlinearity of the transmission characteristics of the matrices. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0003]    A method [e.g., see Ref. 1 below] is known for forming and observing stereo images with maximum spatial resolution comprising: receiving a light wave from an optical source, providing a real-amplitude optical modulator, which is matrix addressed in M rows and N columns, to modulate an intensity of the light wave in the mn th  element of the real-amplitude optical modulator in accordance with the sum of the values B mn   L  and B mn   R  of brightness of mn th  elements of images of left and right views, wherein n=1, 2, . . . , N, m=1, 2, . . . , M; providing phase-polarization optical modulator, which is matrix addressed in M rows and N columns, to implement a polarization coding of the light wave in the mn th  element of the phase-polarization optical modulator in accordance with trigonometric functions of algebraic relations between values B mn   L  and B mn   R  of brightness of mn th  elements of images of the left and right views; providing passive polarization stereo glasses with the first and second complementary polarization analysers which are arranged in the left and right observation windows of the passive polarization stereo glasses to implement polarization decoding by converting light modulation characteristic into light intensity modulation, whereas forming the first and second light fluxes with intensities J mn   L  and J mn   R  in the left and right observation windows, wherein the intensity values J mn   L  and J mn   R  are equal to the values B mn   L  and B mn   R  of brightness of mn th  elements of images of the left and right views respectively. 
         [0004]    The basic advantage of the known method [e.g., see Ref. 1 below] is the maximum information content of the stereo image. This is due to simultaneous reproduction of left mn th  and right mn th  image elements in one mn th  display element (e.g., pixel) caused by information-dependent polarization coding-decoding of light flux. Actually, two images of the left and right views are simultaneously reproduced, each with M·N number of resolvable elements, on a single display screen with M·N resolvable elements. 
         [0005]    A disadvantage of the prior art is the need for the observer to use special means for stereo image observing—passive stereo glasses, which reduces the comfort of observing. 
         [0006]    A method [e.g., see Ref. 2 below] of autostereoscopic (e.g., glasses-free) forming and observation of stereo images with maximum spatial resolution is known, receiving a light wave from an optical source, providing a real-amplitude optical modulator, which is matrix addressed in M rows and N columns, to modulate an intensity of the light wave in the mn th  element of the real-amplitude optical modulator in accordance with the sum of the values B mn   L  and B mn   R  of brightness of mn th  elements of images of left and right views, wherein n=1, 2, . . . , N, m=1, 2, . . . , M; providing phase-polarization optical modulator, which is matrix addressed in M rows and N columns, to implement a polarization coding of the light wave in the mn th  element of the phase-polarization optical modulator in accordance with trigonometric functions of algebraic relations between values B mn   L  and B mn   R  of brightness of mn th  elements of images of the left and right views; providing a N-column-addressed spatially-selective phase-polarization converter to implement a polarization decoding by converting light modulation characteristic into light intensity modulation to form one group of M·N light beams, carrying M·N elements of the left image view, and directing them to the left observation zone and forming and simultaneously to form another group of M·N light beams, carrying M·N elements of the left image view, and directing them to the right observation zone. 
         [0007]    A corresponding device [e.g., see Ref. 2 below] is also known for implementation of the known method of autostereoscopic forming and observing of stereo images with maximum spatial resolution. 
         [0008]    The known method and device [e.g., see Ref. 2 below] ensure viewing of the stereo image without stereo glasses with providing maximum full resolution M·N of the display for each of two simultaneously reproduced views. 
         [0009]    The known technical disclosures [e.g., see Refs. 1 and 2 below] can be implemented only if the analytical dependence of the light polarization state on the degree of electrically controlled optical anisotropy of the working medium is known. Specifically, the value of an electrically controlled birefringence (ECB) or the ability to rotate the polarization plane—an electrically controlled optical activity (ECOA) should be known. The first case corresponds, for example, to using the phase-polarization optical modulator which comprise an oriented layer of nematic liquid crystal (LC) with positive or negative dielectric anisotropy and with a simple configuration of the control transparent electrodes. Such configuration allows to direct all the electric field force lines orthogonally to the boundary planes of the LC layer. In this case it is possible to determine analytically the dependence of light polarization state on the value of electrically controlled phase delay between ordinary and extraordinary rays in the LC layer. In the second case, for example, the LC twist structure (90°-twist of LC molecules) is used with the same simple configuration of electric field lines. So, in such LC twist structure, it is possible to determine analytically the polarization state of the output light caused by electrically variable value of the angle of rotation of the polarization plane. 
         [0010]    However, the polarization encoding algorithm is difficult to define analytically even for simple combinations of the ECB and ECOA effects because it is necessary to take into account the mutual interaction of these effects. But, many fast flat-panel displays with high resolution, contrast and wide viewing angle are developed on base of advanced LC matrices. Such LC matrices are characterized by complicated orientation of LC molecules and three-dimensional structure of electric field lines, leading to extremely complex combinations of various electro-optical effects. For example, the ECOA effect in helical structures of LC molecules (with different values of twisting angle for separate molecules) are combined with the reorientation of LC molecules caused by the ECB effect. So, it is problematic to use such advanced LC structures in the prior art. 
         [0011]    Another disadvantage of the prior art is the complexity of accounting for the spurious (reducing stereo image quality) nonlinearities of transmission characteristics of optical structures. It is difficult to determine analytically all the spurious nonlinearities. 
         [0012]    Therefore, in fact, only two electrooptic effects (ECOA and ECB) can be used for polarization coding in prior art. 
         [0013]    Furthermore, polarization coding is a special case of the general optical encoding. The latter in fact can be implemented using any optical effect, allowing to create two complementary (supplementing each other or mutually opposite to each other) optical encoding states. However, the analytical calculation of each particular optical coding is problematic. 
         [0014]    The various kinds of light wave modulation require using the various types of controlled optical components or their combinations. In the general case, it is problematic to calculate analytically the influence of each optical component or their combinations on the resulting intensity value of the light flux in the prior art. 
         [0015]    Accordingly, there exists a need for new and improved systems and methods for forming and observing stereo images having maximum spatial resolution that overcome at least one of the aforementioned disadvantages. 
       INFORMATION SOURCES 
       [0016]    The following list includes reference materials discussed herein and does not constitute an admission that any of the same are prior art to the claimed invention.
   1. Ezhov, V., “Method for Forming Stereo Images with Integrated Presentation of Views and Device for its Implementation,” Patent No. RU2306680, published Sep. 20, 2007.   2. Ezhov V., “Stereoscopic Method and a Device for Implementation Thereof,” U.S. Pat. No. 7,929,066, issued Apr. 19, 2011.   3. Blinov, L. M. Electro- and Magneto-optics of Liquid Crystals. M., Nauka, 1974.   4. Yang, D. K., Wu, S. T. Mains of Liquid Crystal Devices. Wiley Publishing House, 2006.   5. Born, M., Volf, E. Mains of Optics. M., Nauka, 1974.   6. Ukai, Y. et al. Current and Future Properties of In-cell Polarizer Technology. Journal of the SID, 2005, v. 13, No. 1, pp. 17-24.   7. Paukshto, M. et al. Optics of Sheared LC Polarizer . . . Journal of the SID, 2005, v. 13, No. 9, pp. 765-772.   
 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0024]    An object of the invention is to improve the quality of stereo images by providing the possibility to use various advanced optical structures regardless of their complexity and regardless of using stereo glasses. 
         [0025]    According to one aspect of the present invention, the sum modulation of the light flux may be implemented in mn th  element (pixel) of an optical modulator controlled by a sum signal. Such an optical modulator is referred to as a sum optical modulator. The ratio modulation of the light flux may be implemented in mn th  element (pixel) of an optical modulator which control input may be driven by a ratio signal. Such an optical modulator may be referred to as a ratio optical modulator. 
         [0026]    In a first embodiment of the method, the optical converters with complementary optical characteristics may be used to convert the sum and ratio modulation of the light flux into light intensity variations in the left formation window W form   L  and right formation window W form   R . Thus the mn th  element of left view image with brightness B mn   L  may be formed in the left formation window W form   L  and the mn th  element of right view image with brightness B mn   R  may be formed in the right formation window W form   R . The left and right view images may be observed in the left W V   L  and right W V   R  observation windows which may be optically coupled with the left W form   L  and right W form   L  formation windows accordingly. The first and second optical converters may be fulfilled, for example, in the form of passive observation glasses. 
         [0027]    In a second embodiment of the method, a N-column spatially selective optical converter may be used with complementary optical conversion parameters in its adjacent 2k and (2k−1) columns (wherein k=1, 2, . . . , N) for converting light modulation characteristic into light intensity modulation to form M·N light beams with corresponding number of left image view elements to the left formation zone Z form   L  and M·N light beams with corresponding number of right image view elements to the right formation zone Z form   R . The left and right observation zones Z mn   L  and Z mn   R  may be used for autostereoscopic observation. 
         [0028]    It a corresponding device, it may be used with a N-column spatial-selective optical converter with complementary optical conversion parameters in its adjacent 2k and (2k−1) columns, wherein k=1, 2, . . . , N; and the axis of symmetry of the left formation zone Z form   L  may be the common intersection line of the first group of N planes, the axis of symmetry of the right formation zone Z form   R  may be the common intersection line of second group of N planes, wherein each plane may pass through the symmetry axis of the corresponding column of the N-column spatial-selective optical converter. 
         [0029]    Any light modulation effect may be used accordingly with the invention to implement the sum and ratio modulation of the light flux. The characteristics of the sum and ratio modulation may be linearized using the calibration procedures and calculating the inverse or reciprocal functions taken from nonlinear calibration functions. The calibration procedures may be implemented by measuring the intensity of the light flux in the left and right formation windows (zones) while applying the calibration signals to the control inputs of the sum and ratio optical modulators. So, the desired calibration functions of nonlinearity of the sum and ratio modulation of light flux may be obtained. As the result of the linearization, the linear reproduction of the sum J mn   L +J mn   R ·B mn   L +B mn   R  of the brightness values in both formation windows W form   L ,W form   R  together with the linear reproduction of the ratio of values J mn   L /J mn   R ˜B mn   L /B mn   R  between the formation windows may be provided. Joint implementation of these both conditions inevitably leads to fulfillment of the conditions J mn   L =B mn   L  and J mn   R =J Mn   R  corresponding to desired separation of the left and right views in the left and right formation windows (zones). 
         [0030]    The result is the enhancement of stereo image quality by providing a possibility to use the various advanced optical structures along with implementing automatic compensation of all nonlinearities of transmission characteristics of the optical structures regardless of their complexity. 
         [0031]    A real-amplitude sum modulation in combination with a ratio phase-polarization modulation may be used in the first, second and third embodiments of the method and in the first and second embodiments of the device. A spectral ratio modulation and diffraction (angular) ratio modulation may be used respectively in the third and fourth embodiments of the method. A bistable ratio modulation may be used in the fifth embodiment of the method. The polarization analyzer or spectral analyzer or optical louver analyzer may be used as the particular optical converters to convert accordingly polarization or spectral or angular modulation of the light wave into light intensity variations. 
         [0032]    The increase in optical efficiency of image formation may be the additional advantage of the second embodiment of the device. 
         [0033]    Further areas of applicability of the present invention will become apparent from the detailed description provided hereinafter. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the preferred embodiment of the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0034]    Other advantages of the present invention will be readily appreciated as the same becomes better understood by reference to the following detailed description when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings wherein: 
           [0035]      FIG. 1  illustrates a schematic view of the implementation of the first embodiment of the method; 
           [0036]      FIG. 2  illustrates a schematic view of the calibration (measurement of nonlinearity function) and determination (calculation) of a linearization function for the first embodiment of the method; 
           [0037]      FIGS. 3 and 4  illustrate schematic views of the method as a combined performance of two optoelectronic channels, linearized relative to light intensity; 
           [0038]      FIGS. 5 and 6  illustrate schematic views of the implementation of the second embodiment of the method; 
           [0039]      FIG. 7  illustrates a schematic view of the calibration of the second embodiment of the method; 
           [0040]      FIGS. 8 and 9  illustrate schematic views of the implementation and calibration of the preferred variant of the first embodiment of the method; 
           [0041]      FIGS. 10 and 11  illustrate graphical views of the sum modulation linearization by taking an inverse function; 
           [0042]      FIG. 12  illustrates a graphical view of the sum modulation linearization by calculating reciprocal values; 
           [0043]      FIGS. 13 and 14  illustrate graphical views of the ratio modulation linearization by taking an inverse function; 
           [0044]      FIG. 15  illustrates a graphical view of the ratio modulation linearization by calculating reciprocal values; 
           [0045]      FIGS. 16 and 17  illustrate schematic views of the implementation of the preferred variant of the second embodiment of the method; 
           [0046]      FIGS. 18 and 19  illustrate schematic views of a calibration procedure and the selection of views for preferred variant of the second embodiment of the method; 
           [0047]      FIG. 20  illustrates a schematic view of the appearance of secondary formation windows; 
           [0048]      FIGS. 21-23  illustrate schematic and graphical views of the implementation, calibration schemes and linearization graphs for the third embodiment of the method; 
           [0049]      FIGS. 24-27  illustrate schematic and graphical views of the implementation, calibration schemes and linearization graphs for the fourth embodiment of the method; 
           [0050]      FIGS. 28-31  illustrate schematic and graphical views of the implementation, calibration schemes and linearization graphs for the fifth embodiment of the method; 
           [0051]      FIGS. 32 and 33  illustrate schematic views of the implementation and calibration for the sixth embodiment of the method; 
           [0052]      FIG. 34  illustrates a matrix representation of a two-dimensional linearization function of the ratio modulation in the sixth embodiment of the method; 
           [0053]      FIG. 35  illustrates a graphical view of the appearance of the asymmetry in the sum modulation graphs in presence of nonlinear interaction between the sum and ratio modulation; 
           [0054]      FIGS. 36 and 37  illustrate schematic views of the implementation schemes of the seventh embodiment of the method; 
           [0055]      FIG. 38  illustrates a matrix representation of two-dimensional linearization functions for the seventh embodiment of the method; 
           [0056]      FIGS. 39 and 40  illustrate schematic views of the first embodiment of the device; 
           [0057]      FIGS. 41-43  illustrate a matrix representation of the optical states of the sum and ratio optical modulators and an optical converter in the device; 
           [0058]      FIGS. 44 and 45  illustrate schematic view of the operation of the second embodiment of the device; 
           [0059]      FIGS. 46-49  illustrate schematic views of the principle of operation of phase-polarization LC cells which is preferable to use for implementation of the ratio modulation; 
           [0060]      FIG. 50  illustrates a graphical view of the general description of properties of anisotropic optical elements with the help of a Poincare sphere; and 
           [0061]      FIGS. 51-53  illustrate schematic views of the principles of operation of polaroid-less LC cells which can be used for implementation of the sum modulation. 
       
    
    
       [0062]    The same reference numerals refer to the same parts throughout the various Figures. 
       DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0063]    The following description of the preferred embodiment(s) is merely exemplary in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, or uses. 
         [0064]    The first embodiment of the method of forming and observing stereo images with maximum spatial resolution (e.g., see  FIG. 1 ), comprises: 
         [0065]    receiving a light wave from an optical source  1 ; 
         [0066]    providing the first optical modulator  2 , which may be matrix-addressed in M rows and N columns, for modulating light wave intensity to implement a sum modulation of the light wave in the mn th  element of the first optical modulator (m=1, 2, . . . M; n=1, 2, . . . N), wherein applying to the control input of the first optical modulator  2  a compensating sum signal s mn   Σ     —     comp  which amplitude may be directly proportional to the linearization function Λ Σ  of the sum modulation; 
         [0067]    providing the second optical modulator  3 , that may be matrix-addressed in M rows and N columns, for modulating light wave polarization to implement a ratio modulation of the light wave in the mn th  element of the second optical modulator  3 , whereas applying to the control input of the second optical modulator  3  a ratio compensating signal s mn   Ξ     —     comp  which amplitude may be directly proportional to the linearization function Λ Ξ  of the ratio modulation; 
         [0068]    providing the first and second optical converters  4 ,  5  with complementary optical conversion parameters for converting light wave modulation characteristic into light intensity modulation to form the first and second light fluxes in the left W form   L  and right W form   R  formation windows with the intensity values J mn   L  and J mn   R  which may be equal to the values B mn   L  and B mn   R  of brightness of mn th  elements of images of the left and right views respectively; and 
         [0069]    observing left and right views of the stereo image in the left W V   L  and right W V   R  observation windows, which may be optically coupled with the left W form   L  and right W form   R  formation windows respectively. 
         [0070]    Various embodiments of the method relate to modulating various characteristics of the light wave to implement the sum and ratio modulation and using corresponding optical converters (e.g., analyzers) with various physical mechanisms to convert the sum and ratio modulation of the light flux into corresponding variations of its intensity. The first (sum) optical modulator may modulate a polarization state or propagation direction or divergence angle or convergence angle or spectrum or phase or combination of the said characteristics to implement the sum modulation of the light wave. Respectively, the second (ratio) optical modulator may modulate the intensity or propagation direction or divergence angle or convergence angle or spectrum or phase of the light wave or combination of the characteristics to implement the ratio modulation. 
         [0071]    The first compensating sum signal s mn   Σ     —     comp  may be directly proportional to the value of the first linearization function Λ (1)   Σ  of the sum modulation taken from the sum B mn   L +B mn   R  of the values of the brightness of the mn th  image elements of the left and right views: 
         [0000]    
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     s 
                     
                       
                         ( 
                         1 
                         ) 
                       
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                       Σ 
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                       comp 
                     
                   
                   ≈ 
                   
                     
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                         ( 
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                             B 
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                         } 
                       
                       . 
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   ( 
                   1 
                   ) 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
         [0072]    The second compensating sum signal s (2)mn   Σ     —     comp  may be directly proportional to the product of the sum B mn   L +B mn   R  into the second linearization function Λ (2)   Σ  of the sum modulation: 
         [0000]    
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     
                       s 
                       
                         
                           ( 
                           2 
                           ) 
                         
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                         mn 
                       
                       
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                         comp 
                       
                     
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                         ( 
                         
                           
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                       · 
                       
                         Λ 
                         
                           ( 
                           2 
                           ) 
                         
                         Σ 
                       
                     
                   
                   , 
                 
               
               
                 
                   ( 
                   2 
                   ) 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
         [0073]    The first compensating ratio signal s (1)mn   Ξ     —     comp  may be directly proportional to the first linearization function Λ (1)   Ξ  of the ratio modulation, taken from the ratio B mn   L /B mn   R  of the values of the brightness in the mn th  image elements of the left and right views: 
         [0000]    
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     s 
                     
                       
                         ( 
                         1 
                         ) 
                       
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                             B 
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                             L 
                           
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                             B 
                             mn 
                             R 
                           
                         
                         } 
                       
                       . 
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   ( 
                   3 
                   ) 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
         [0074]    The second compensating ratio signal s (2)mn   Ξ     —     comp  may be directly proportional to the product of the ratio B mn   L /B mn   R  into the second linearization function Σ (2)   Ξ  of the ratio modulation: 
         [0000]    
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     s 
                     
                       
                         ( 
                         2 
                         ) 
                       
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                           m 
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                     · 
                     
                       
                         Λ 
                         
                           ( 
                           2 
                           ) 
                         
                         Ξ 
                       
                       . 
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   ( 
                   4 
                   ) 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
         [0075]    The first linearization function Λ (1)   Σ  of the sum modulation may be the inverse function F −1 {Φ (1)   Σ} of the first calibration function Φ   (1)   Σ  of sum modulation nonlinearity: 
         [0000]    
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     Λ 
                     
                       ( 
                       1 
                       ) 
                     
                     Σ 
                   
                   = 
                   
                     
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                         1 
                       
                     
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                   ( 
                   5 
                   ) 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
         [0000]    The second linearization function Λ (2)   Σ  of sum modulation may be the reciprocal function F reciprocal {(Φ (2)   Σ }1/Φ (2)   Σ  of the second calibration function Φ (2)   Σ  of the sum modulation nonlinearity: 
         [0000]    
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     Λ 
                     
                       ( 
                       2 
                       ) 
                     
                     Σ 
                   
                   = 
                   
                     
                       
                         F 
                         reciprocal 
                       
                        
                       
                         { 
                         
                           Φ 
                           
                             ( 
                             2 
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                           Σ 
                         
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                     = 
                     
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                           Σ 
                         
                         . 
                       
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   ( 
                   6 
                   ) 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
         [0076]    The first linearization function Λ (1)   Ξ  of the ratio modulation may be the inverse function F −1 {Φ (1)   Ξ } of the first calibration function Φ (1)   Ξ  of the ratio modulation nonlinearity: 
         [0000]    
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     Λ 
                     
                       ( 
                       1 
                       ) 
                     
                     Ξ 
                   
                   = 
                   
                     
                       F 
                       
                         - 
                         1 
                       
                     
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                         { 
                         
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                         } 
                       
                       . 
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   ( 
                   7 
                   ) 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
         [0077]    The second linearization function Λ (2)   Ξ  of the ratio modulation may be the reciprocal function F reciprocal {Φ (2)   Ξ } of the second calibration function Φ (2)   Ξ  of the ratio modulation nonlinearity: 
         [0000]    
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     Λ 
                     
                       ( 
                       2 
                       ) 
                     
                     Ξ 
                   
                   = 
                   
                     
                       
                         F 
                         reciprocal 
                       
                        
                       
                         { 
                         
                           Φ 
                           
                             ( 
                             2 
                             ) 
                           
                           Ξ 
                         
                         } 
                       
                     
                     = 
                     
                       1 
                       / 
                       
                         
                           Φ 
                           
                             ( 
                             2 
                             ) 
                           
                           Ξ 
                         
                         . 
                       
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   ( 
                   8 
                   ) 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
         [0078]    The calibration functions of nonlinearity of the sum and ratio modulation may be obtained during the calibration procedure of the optoelectronic channels. 
         [0079]    The first calibration function Φ (1)   Σ  of the sum modulation nonlinearity may be equal to the assemblage of the calibration values of the sum modulated component J calib   Σ  of the light flux intensity in either of the formation windows W form   L , W form   R  (e.g., see  FIG. 2 ): 
         [0000]      Φ (1)   Σ   J=   calib   Σ ,  (9)
 
         [0000]    whereas a linearly-varying calibration signal s calib     —     lin   Σ  of the sum modulation may be applied to the control input in dir   Σ  of the ratio optical modulator  2 . 
         [0080]    The second calibration function Φ (2)   Σ  of sum modulation nonlinearity may be equal to the sequence of calibration values of ratio modulated component J calib   Σ  of the light flux intensity in either of the formation windows W form   L , W form   R  divided by the sequence of the corresponding values of the amplitude of the monotonically-varying calibration signal s calib   Σ  of the sum modulation: 
         [0000]      Φ (2)   Σ   ≈J   calib   Σ   /s   calib   Σ .  (10)
 
         [0081]    The first calibration function Φ (1)   Ξ(L/R)  of the ratio modulation nonlinearity may be equal to the ratio of the assemblage of calibration values of the ratio modulated component J calib   Ξ(L)  of the light flux intensity in the left formation window W form   L  to the assemblage of the calibration values of the ratio modulated component J calib   Ξ(R)  of the light flux intensity in the right formation window W form   R : 
         [0000]      Φ (1)   Ξ(L/R)   ≈J   calib   Ξ(L)   /J   calib   Ξ(R) ,  (11)
 
         [0000]    whereas a linearly varying calibration signal s calib     —     lin   Ξ  of the ratio modulation may be applied to the control input in dir   Ξ  of the ratio optical modulator  4 . 
         [0082]    The second calibration function φ 2   Ξ(L/R)  of the ratio modulation nonlinearity may be equal to ratio of the assemblage of the calibration values of the ratio-modulated component J calib   Ξ(L)  of the ht flux intensity in the left formation window W form   L  to the assemblage of the calibration values of the ratio-modulated component J calib   Ξ(R)  of the light flux intensity in the right formation window W form   R , divided by the assemblage of the corresponding values of the amplitude of the monotonically-varying calibration signal s calib   Ξ  of ratio modulation: 
         [0000]    
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
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         [0083]    During stereo image observation the left E L  and right E R  eyes of the observer may be located in the left W V   L  and right W V   L  observation windows respectively, for example, in the left and right windows of passive stereo glasses wearing by the observer. The apertures of the left W form   L  and right W form   R  formation windows spatially coincides here with the apertures of the left W V   L  and right W V   R  observation windows respectively, and each of two optical converters  4 ,  5  may be the optical element of the corresponding window of the stereo glasses. 
         [0084]    Symbols W L  (Z L ) and W R  (Z R ) on the figures note the spatial coincidence of the left formation window W form   L  with the left observation window W V   L  (or the left formation zone Z form   L  with the left observation zone Z V   L ) and the right formation window W form   R  with the right observation window W V   R  (or the right formation zone Z form   R  with the right observation zone Z V   R ). 
         [0085]    The sum compensating signal s mn   Σ     —     comp  may be received at the output of the electronic functional module  5  which transfer function may be equal to the linearization function Λ Σ  of sum modulation. The input of the electronic functional module  5  may be supplied by the initial sum signal S mn   Σ , which amplitude may be directly proportional to the sum B mn   L +B mn   R : 
         [0000]        s   mn   Σ   ≈B   mn   L   +B   mn   R .  (13)
 
         [0086]    The ratio compensating signal s mn   Ξ     —     comp  may be received on the output of the electronic functional module  7  which transfer function may be equal to the linearization function Λ Ξ  of the ratio modulation. The input of the electronic functional module  7  may be supplied by the initial ratio modulation signal s mn   Ξ  which amplitude may be directly proportional to the B mn   L /B mn   R : 
         [0000]        s   mn   Ξ   ≈B   mn   L   /B   mn   R .  (14)
 
         [0087]    The light intensity calibration values may be measured by the output signals of photo detectors  8 ,  9 . These signals may be applied to the inputs of the electronic processing modules  10 ,  11 . The calibration functions Φ Σ  and Φ Ξ  of nonlinearity of the sum modulation and the ratio modulation may be calculated by the electronic processing modules  10 ,  11  in accordance with expressions (7)-(10). The linearization function Λ Σ  of sum modulation and the linearization function Λ Ξ  of ratio modulation may be calculated in the electronic processing modules  12 ,  13  in accordance with expressions (5)-(8). The transfer functions of electronic functional modules  6 ,  7  may be equal to the functions Λ Σ  and Λ Ξ  accordingly which may be used during observation of the formed stereo image. 
         [0088]    In case of spatially invariant (identical for all M·N image elements of each of the views) the calibration functions Φ Σ  and Φ Ξ  (calibration values of sum modulated component J calib   Σ  and ratio modulated component J calib   Ξ(L)  of the light flux intensity) may be measured using the spatial integration of the light flux intensity throughout the entire area of each of the formation windows. The spatial integration may be implemented by the wide aperture of the photo detectors  8 ,  9  or by using a lens for narrow aperture photo detectors  8 ,  9 . 
         [0089]    In case of spatially not invariant calibration functions Φ Σ  and Φ Ξ  a separate partial calibration function of nonlinearity may be determined for each partial area of spatial invariance of the formation windows. 
         [0090]    It may be preferable to use photo detectors  8 ,  9  with transfer characteristics close to the corresponding characteristics of the human vision. 
         [0091]    In case of on-line calibration process the measurement of intensity calibration values, calculation of the corresponding nonlinearity functions and transfer linearization functions may be implemented during observation of the stereo image. Then, the light fluxes from the left W form   L  and right W form   R  formation windows may simultaneously enter both the left W V   L  and right W V   L  observation windows and the apertures of photo detectors  8 ,  9 . 
         [0092]    The electronic functional modules  5 ,  6  and electronic processing modules  10 ,  11  may be the physical components with firmware, for example, the fast programmable digital electronic units based on Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) or Digital Signal Processors (DSP). 
         [0093]    The values of the brightness of the mn th  image elements of the left B mn   L  and right B mn   R  views may be numerically equal to the integral intensity values of the elementary light fluxes going to the left and right video cameras from the corresponding elements of the displayed three-dimensional scene (stereo image of which may be formed and observed in accordance with the method). 
         [0094]    It may be equivalent to consider the compensating ratio signal s mn   Ξ(R/L)     —     comp  for the ratio B mn   R /B mn   L  of the brightness of the right and left views: 
         [0000]        s   mn   Ξ(L/R)     —     comp ≈( B   mn   R   /B   mn   L )·Λ Ξ ,  (15)
 
         [0000]    in which the optical conversion of the ratio modulation may be implemented in the opposite polarity in comparison with the signal s mn   Ξ(L/R)     —     comp =s mn   Ξ     —     comp  (3),(4). Such case corresponds, for example, to mutual interchanging optical converters  4  and  5 . The corresponding calibration functions may be determined as: 
         [0000]    
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     
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         [0095]    The separation of the stereo image views may be illustrated by considering the joint operation of two linearized optoelectronic channels (e.g., see  FIG. 3 ), which outputs may be two formation windows W form   L , W form   R  (or two observation windows W V   L , W V   R ) The input of the optoelectronic channel, that may transmit the sum modulated component of the light flux, corresponds to the input           (e.g., see  FIG. 1 ) of the functional module  6 . The input of the optoelectronic channel, that transmits the ratio modulated component of the light flux, corresponds to the input           of functional module  7 . The outputs of the both optoelectronic channels may be formation windows W form   L , W form   R . The optoelectronic channel of the sum modulation may be linearized in light intensity due to compensating the initial nonlinearity of transmission of the sum B mn   L +B mn   R  by performance of the linearization function Λ Σ  of sum modulation. The corresponding sum of the light flux intensities J mn   L +J mn   R  in both formation windows W form   L ,W form   R  may be equal to the sum of the brightness values of the elementary images of the left and right views: 
         [0000]        J   L   mn   J   R   mn   =B   L   mn   +B   R   mn .  (18)
 
         [0096]    The optoelectronic channel of ratio modulation may be linearized in light intensity due to compensation of the initial nonlinearity of transmission of the ratio B mn   L /B mn   R  by performance of the linearization function Λ Ξ  of the ratio modulation. The ratio of the corresponding light flux intensities in the left and right formation windows W form   L ,W form   R  may be: 
         [0000]        J   mn   L   /J   mn   R   ≈B   mn   L   /B   mn   R .  (19)
 
         [0097]    Joint solving the system of equations (18) and (19) leads to a condition: 
         [0000]        J   mn   L   ≈B   mn   L   ; J   mn   R   ≈B   mn   R .  (20)
 
         [0098]    The condition (20) corresponds to the desired separation of the stereo image views in the left W form   L  and right W form   R  formation windows. The intensity J mn   L  of the mn th  element of the cross section of light flux in the left W form   L  observation windows and the intensity J mn   R  of the mn th  element of the cross section of light flux in the right W form   R  formation window correspond to the values B mn   L  and B mn   R  of the brightness of the mn th  image elements of the left and right views. 
         [0099]    From the physical point of view, the role of the linearized (in light intensity) optoelectronic channel of the sum modulation may provide the same resulting changes of light flux intensity in each formation windows W form   L , W form   R , directly proportional to the changes of the total quantity B mn   L +B mn   R . The role of the linearized (in light intensity) optoelectronic channel of the ratio modulation may be to distribute the light flux (in intensity value) directly proportional to the ratio (B mn   L /B mn   R ) in the left formation window W form   L  and directly proportional to the ratio (B mn   L /B mn   R ) in the right formation window W form   R  without introducing any changes in the total (sum) value of the light flux in both formation windows W form   L , W form   R . When choosing the sum signal s mn   Σ  in accordance with expression (1), any positive increment in the amplitude of s mn   Σ  at the control input of the linearized optoelectronic channel of the sum modulation may cause the corresponding positive increase in the intensity in both formation windows W form   L , W form   R  (e.g., see  FIG. 4 ). Thus, in each window W form   L , W form   R  any positive increment in the amplitude of s mn   Σ  calls for the intensity value increment, that may be directly proportional to the value of the increment in the sum B mn   L +B mn   R . So in the physical meaning, the sum modulator (controlled by a sum signal) may operate as a uniform-effect optical modulator causing the optical intensity changes which may be the same in a value and in a sign in each of left W form   L  and right W form   R  formation windows. 
         [0100]    When choosing the ratio signal s mn   Ξ  in accordance with expressions (3), (4), any positive increment in the amplitude of the s mn   Ξ  at the control input of the linearized optoelectronic channel of the ratio modulation may cause a positive increase in the light flux intensity value in one of the formation windows (for example, in the left formation window W form   L ). This increase of light flux intensity may be directly proportional to the indicated increment in the s mn   Ξ  amplitude. The same positive increment in the amplitude of the s mn   Ξ  may cause a corresponding negative increment (decrease) in the light flux intensity value in the other (right) formation window W form   R . If the brightness B mn   R  may be close to zero, the light intensity at the output of the optoelectronic channel of the sum modulation may correspond only to the brightness B mn   L . Thus, the whole light flux may be directed to the left formation window W form   L  while applying the corresponding signal s mn   Ξ  to the control input of the optoelectronic channel of the ratio modulation. The amplitude of this signal may be directly proportional to B mn   L /B mn   R  with maximum amplitude leading to maximum (within the limit of dynamic range of each optoelectronic channel) increment in the light intensity in the left formation window W form   L . Simultaneously it leads to disappearance of the light flux in the right formation window W form   R . On the contrary, with B mn   L  close to zero (at maximum B mn   R ) the whole light flux may be directed to the right formation window W form   R . Finally, any relation between the B mn   L  and B mn   R  values may lead to redistribution of the same light flux energy between the left W form   L  and the right W form   R  formation windows. So, in the physical meaning, the ratio modulator (controlled by a ratio signal) may act as a difference-effect optical modulator causing the optical intensity changes which may be identical in a value in the left W form   L  and right W form   R  formation windows but different in a sign in the left W form   L  and right W form   R  formation windows. 
         [0101]    Thus, the desired separation of the views (formation of stereo image) may be indicated in the method from a physical point of view. 
         [0102]    The maximum separation of the stereo image views (e.g., a stereo image with maximum contrast and dynamic range) may be achieved under two conditions. First, if the extreme points of dynamic range of the sum modulation variance may be chosen as a minimum and a maximum value of the sum modulation parameter. Second, if the extreme points of the dynamic range of the ratio modulation variance may be chosen as two complementary values of the ratio modulation parameter. The optical converters  4 ,  5  may both be implemented to provide the identical light flux intensity values in both formation windows W form   L , W form   R  for any value of the sum modulation parameter. So, in both formation windows W form   L , W form   R  the optical converters  4 ,  5  may form a minimum light flux intensity value at the one extreme value (at minimum, for example) of the sum modulation parameter and may form maximum intensity value at another extreme value (at maximum) of the sum modulation parameter. So, in case of the first value of the complementary ratio modulation, one of the optical converters  4 ,  5 , for example, the optical converter  4  (that may be implemented to form the maximum light flux intensity value at the first complementary value of the ratio modulation parameter) may form the maximum light flux intensity value in the left formation window W form   L . Another optical converter  5  (implemented to form the minimum light flux intensity value at the first complementary value of the ratio modulation parameter) may form the minimum (in the limit tends to zero) light flux intensity value in the right observation window W form   R . In case of using the second complementary value of the ratio modulation parameter the minimum and maximum intensity values of the light flux may be crossly interchanged in the left W form   L  and right W form   R  observation windows. 
         [0103]    The second embodiment of the method of forming and observing stereo images with maximum spatial resolution, comprises: 
         [0104]    receiving a light wave from an optical source  14 ; 
         [0105]    providing the first optical modulator  15 , that may be matrix-addressed in M rows and N columns, for modulating an intensity of the light wave to implement the sum modulation of the light wave in the mn th  element of the first optical modulator  15  in accordance with the sum of the values B mn   L  and B mn   R  of brightness of mn th  elements of images of left and right views, wherein n=1, 2, . . . , N, m=1, 2, . . . , M; whereas applying to the control input of the first optical modulator a sum compensating signal s mn   Σ     —     comp  which amplitude may be directly proportional to the linearization function Λ Σ  of the sum modulation; 
         [0106]    providing the second optical modulator  16 , that may be matrix-addressed in M rows and N columns, for modulating a polarization of the light wave to implement the ratio modulation of the light wave in the mn th  element of the second optical modulator  16  in accordance with functions of algebraic relations between values B mn   L  and B mn   R  of brightness of mn th  elements of images of the left and right views; 
         [0107]    whereas assigning complementary values of optical modulation parameters in the adjacent 2i and (2i−1) columns of the second optical modulator  16 , wherein i=1, 2, . . . , N, and applying to the control input of the second optical modulator  16  a ratio compensating signal s mn   Ξ     —     comp  which amplitude may be directly proportional to the linearization function Λ Ξ  of the ratio modulation; 
         [0108]    providing a N-column addressed spatially-periodic optical converter  17  with complementary optical conversion parameters in its adjacent 2k and (2k−1) columns, wherein k=1, 2, . . . , N, for converting light modulation characteristic into light intensity modulation to form the first group of N light beams and second group of N light beams in the left W V   L  and right W V   R  view formation windows respectively, wherein the intensity values J mn   L  and J mn   R  of the first and second groups of N light beams may be equal to the values B mn   L  and B mn   R  of brightness of mn th  elements of images of the left and right views respectively; 
         [0109]    whereas directing to the left view formation window W form   L  the first N/2 light beams of the first group passing through N/2 even 2i columns of the second optical modulator  16  and through N/2 even 2k columns of the spatially-periodic optical converter  17 , and the second N/2 light beams of the first group passing through N/2 odd (2i−1) columns of the second optical modulator  16  and through N/2 odd (2k−1) columns of the spatially-periodic optical converter  17 , directing to the right view formation window W form   R  the first N/2 light beams of the second group passing through N/2 odd (2i−1) columns of the second optical modulator  16  and through N/2 even 2k columns of the spatially-periodic optical converter  17 , and the second N/2 light beams of the of the second group passing through N/2 even 2i columns of the second optical modulator  16  and through N/2 odd (2k−1) columns of the spatially-periodic optical converter  17 ; 
         [0110]    observing left and right views of the stereo image in left W V   L  and right W V   R  observation windows, which may be optically coupled with the left W form   L  and right W form   R  formation windows respectively. 
         [0111]    The first linearization function Λ (1)   Σ  of the sum modulation may be the inverse function F −1 {Φ (1)   Σ } (5) of the first calibration function Φ (1)   Σ  (9) of the sum modulation nonlinearity. The second linearization function Λ (2)   Σ  of the sum modulation may be the reciprocal function F reciprocal {Φ (2)   Σ } (6) equal to the reciprocal 1/Φ (2)   Σ  of the second calibration function Φ (2)   Ξ  of sum modulation nonlinearity. The first linearization function Λ (1)   Ξ  of the ratio modulation may be the inverse function F −1 {Φ (1)   Ξ } (7) of the first calibration function Φ (1)   Ξ  of the ratio modulation nonlinearity. The second linearization function Λ (2)   Ξ  of the ratio modulation may be the reciprocal function F reciprocal {Φ (2)   Ξ } (8) equal to the reciprocal 1/Φ (2)   Ξ  of the second calibration function Φ (2)   Ξ  (12) of ratio modulation nonlinearity. 
         [0112]    The first calibration function Φ (1)   Σ  of sum modulation nonlinearity may be equal to the assemblage of the calibration values of the sum modulation component J calib   Σ  (9) of the light flux intensity in either of the formation windows W form   L , W form   R  whereas the linearly-varying calibration signal s calib     —     lin   Σ  of sum modulation may be applied to the control input in dir   Σ  of the sum optical modulator  16 . The second calibration function Φ (2)   Σ  of sum modulation nonlinearity may be equal to the ratio (10) of the sequence of calibration values of the ratio component J calib   Σ  of the light flux intensity on the output of either of the formation windows W form   L , W form   R  to the sequence of corresponding amplitude values of the monotonically-varying calibration signal s calib   Σ  of the sum modulation. The first calibration function Φ (1)   Ξ(L/R)  of the ratio modulation nonlinearity may be equal to the ratio (11) of the sequence of the calibration values of the ratio component J calib   Ξ(L)  of the light flux intensity in the left formation window W form   L  to the sequence of the calibration values of the ratio component J calib   Ξ(R)  of the light flux form intensity in the right formation window W form   R , whereas the linearly-varying calibration signal s calib   Ξ  of ratio modulation may be applied to the control input in dir   Ξ  of the ratio optical modulator  4 . The second calibration function Φ 2   Ξ(L/R)  of the ratio modulation nonlinearity may be equal to the ratio (12) of the sequence of the calibration values of the ratio component J calib   Ξ(L)  of the light flux intensity in the left formation window W form   L  to the sequence of the calibration values of the ratio component J calib   Ξ(R)  of the light flux intensity in the right formation window W form   R , divided by the sequence of the corresponding values of the amplitude of the monotonically-varying calibration signal s calib   Ξ  of the ratio modulation. 
         [0113]    The sum compensating signal s mn   Σ     —     comp  (1) may be obtained at the output of the electronic functional module  18  which transfer function may be equal to the linearization function Λ Σ  of the sum modulation whereas the initial sum signal s mn   Σ  may be applied to the input           of the electronic functional module  18 . The amplitude of s mn   Σ  may be directly proportional to the sum B mn   L +B mn   R  of the values of the brightness of the mn th  image elements of the left and right views. 
         [0114]    The ratio compensating signal s mn   Ξ     —     comp  (2) may be obtained on the output of the electronic functional module  19  which transfer function may be equal to the linearization function Λ Ξ  of the ratio modulation whereas the initial ratio signal s mn   Ξ  may be applied to the input            Ξ  of the electronic functional module  19 . The amplitude of s mn   Ξ  may be directly proportional to the ratio B mn   L /B mn   R . 
         [0115]    The calibration values of the light flux intensity may be measured by output signals of the photo detectors  20 ,  21  (e.g., see  FIG. 7 ), disposed in the formation zones Z form   L ,Z form   L . The calibration signal s calib   Σ  of the sum modulation and the calibration signal s calib   Ξ  of the ratio modulation may be applied respectively to the control input in dir   Σ  of the first (sum) optical modulator  15  and to the control input in dir   Ξ  of the second (ratio) optical modulator  17 . 
         [0116]    The output signals of the photo detectors  20 ,  21  may be applied to the inputs of the electronic processing modules  22 ,  23 . The calibration function Φ Ξ  of the ratio modulation nonlinearity and the calibration function Φ Σ  of sum modulation nonlinearity may be calculated in electronic processing modules  22 ,  23  in accordance with expressions (9)-(12). The inverse function F −1 {Φ Σ } of the calibration function Φ Σ  of the ratio modulation nonlinearity and the reciprocal function F reciprocal {(Φ Σ } may be calculated in electronic processing modules  24 ,  25  in accordance with expressions (5)-(8). Thus, the linearization functions Λ Σ  and Λ Ξ  of the sum and ratio modulation may be determined, and the corresponding transfer functions may be assigned to electronic functional modules  18  and  19  in the process of observing the stereo image. 
         [0117]    The left E L  and right E L  eyes of the observer may be located in the left Z V   L  and right Z V   R  observation zones respectively. These zones may be formed in a space by mutual intersection of the optical beams which may be formed and directed by the spatially-periodic optical converter  17 . Such a layout allows to observe the stereo image without special means (stereo glasses). Along the axis Z, a set of such two-dimensional observation zones Z V   L ,Z V   R  may exist according to different positions of the observer&#39;s eyes (within the limits of the depth of the space, defined by the extent of the three-dimensional formation zones Z V   L ,Z V   R ). The average distance Z 0  from the observer&#39;s eyes E L , E L  (from the observation zones Z V   L ,Z V   R ) to optical conversion plane C may be determined by the expression (e.g., see  FIG. 6 ): 
         [0000]        Z   0   /B=z   0   /b,   (21)
 
         [0000]    where 
         [0118]    B may be the distance between the centers of the observer&#39;s eyes (between the centers of the observation zones), 
         [0119]    z 0  may be the distance between the plane Ξ of the ratio optical modulator  16  position to the plane C of the N column-addressed spatially-periodic optical converter  17  position, 
         [0120]    b may be the period of the arrangement of the mn th  image elements. 
         [0121]    The particular embodiments of the method may correspond to different kinds of the sum optical modulators  2 ,  15 , ratio optical modulators  3 ,  16 , optical converters  4 ,  5 ,  17  and consequently may correspond to different particular calibration functions Φ Σ , Φ Ξ  of the sum modulation and ratio modulation nonlinearity. The form and dimensionality of Φ Σ , Φ Ξ  (number of variables or arguments of calibration function Φ of nonlinearity) may be determined by the physical mechanism of the sum and ratio modulation. In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, it may not be necessary to know these physical mechanisms or the analytical expressions describing the variance of the sum and ratio modulation optical parameters depending on the control signal amplitude. Also, it may not be necessary to know analytical describing relationships between these optical parameters. The necessary and sufficient information for the subsequent linearization of transfer functions of optoelectronic channels may be the results of calibration measurements of the intensity values in the formation windows W form   L , W form   R  (formation zones Z form   L , Z form   R ) depending on the amplitudes of the sum and ratio calibration signals s calib   Σ , s calib   Ξ . 
         [0122]    The direct sum or direct ratio optical modulation may correspond to a direct change in light intensity provided by the sum optical modulators  2 ,  15  or by the ratio optical modulators  3 ,  16  located in corresponding planes Σ and Ξ. The direct sum or direct ratio optical modulation may be caused, for example, by a change of the real-amplitude absorption coefficient of the working medium of the mn th  element of each of optical modulators  2 ,  15 ,  3 ,  16 . This may correspond to a direct (without using a conversion effect by the optical converters  4 ,  5 ,  17 ) implementation of the corresponding intensity variations in both formation windows W form   L , W form   R  (in both formation zones Z form   L ,Z form   R ). In this case, the role of the optical converters  4 ,  5 ,  17  may be to pass through without changing the directly modulated sum and ratio components of the light flux intensity. The real amplitude A of a light wave may be described by the real-amplitude factor in the expression Aexp(−iθ) of the complex amplitude of the light wave, where θ may be the phase of the light wave. Modulation of the value A of the real-amplitude of a light wave may cause the corresponding modulation of the light intensity J that may be equal to |A| 2 . 
         [0123]    The indirect sum or ratio modulation of the light wave may correspond to modulation of the remaining (i.e., excepting direct real-amplitude variations) physical characteristics of the light wave. In this case, the role of the optical converters  4 ,  5 ,  17  may be to convert the light wave physical characteristics into the corresponding light flux intensity variations in the formation windows W form   L ,W form   R  (zones Z form   L ,Z form   R ). The conversion parameters may be identical (uniform) in both formation windows W form   L ,W form   R  (zones Z form   L ,Z form   R ) for the sum modulation. But the conversion parameters may be complementary (mutually supplementary or opposite) between the two formation windows W form   L ,W form   R  (zones Z form   L ,Z form   R ) for the ratio modulation. 
         [0124]    The first preferred embodiment of the method (e.g., see  FIG. 8 ) comprises: 
         [0125]    providing the real-amplitude optical modulator  26 , that may be matrix-addressed in M rows and N columns, for modulating the real-amplitude A (direct modulating intensity J) of the light wave to implement a direct sum modulation Σ{A} in the mn th  element of the real-amplitude optical modulator  26 ; 
         [0126]    providing the phase-polarization optical modulator  27 , that may be matrix-addressed in M rows and N columns, for modulating the polarization state P of the light wave to implement the indirect ratio modulation C{P} in the mn th  element of the phase-polarization optical modulator  27 ; 
         [0127]    providing the first and second polarization analyzers  28 ,  29  with complementary polarization parameters to convert the indirect (polarization) ratio modulation C{P} into the ratio component of the light flux intensity, forming the light fluxes of mn th  image elements B mn   L  and B mn   R  of the left and right views in the left and right formation windows W form   L  and W form   R  respectively. 
         [0128]    The real-amplitude optical modulator  26  may be controlled by the first sum compensating electronic signal u (1)mn   Σ     —     comp , which amplitude may be directly proportional to the first linearization function Λ (1)   Σ  of the sum modulation (taken from the sum B mn   L +B mn   R ): 
         [0000]        u   (1)mn   Σ     —     comp ≈Λ (1)   Σ   {B   mn   L   +B   mn   R },  (22)
 
         [0000]    or by the second sum compensating electronic signal u (2)mn   Σ     —     comp  which amplitude may be directly proportional to the product of the sum B mn   L +B mn   R  into the second linearization function Λ (2)   Σ  of the sum modulation: 
         [0000]        u   (2)mn   Σ     —     comp ≈( B   mn   L   +B   mn   R )·Λ (2)   Σ .  (23)
 
         [0129]    The phase-polarization optical modulator  27 , in one case, may be controlled by the first ratio compensating electronic signal s (1)mn(L/R)   Ξ     —     comp  which amplitude may be directly proportional to the first linearization function Λ (1)   Ξ  of the ratio modulation, taken from the ratio B mn   L /B mn   R : 
         [0000]        u   (1)mn   Ξ     —     comp ≈Λ (1)   Ξ   {B   mn   L   /B   mn   R }.  (24)
 
         [0130]    In another case, the phase-polarization optical modulator  27  may be controlled by the second ratio compensated electronic signal u (2)mn   Ξ     —     comp  which amplitude may be proportional to the product of the ratio B mn   L /B mn   R  into the second linearization function Λ (2)   Ξ  of ratio modulation: 
         [0000]        u   (2)mn   Ξ     —     comp ≈( B   mn   L   /B   mn   R )·Λ (2)   Ξ .  (25)
 
         [0131]    The first linearization function Λ (1)   Σ  of the sum modulation may be the inverse function F −1 {Φ (1)   Σ (u)} of the first calibration function Φ (1)   Σ  of the sum modulation nonlinearity: 
         [0000]      Λ (1)   Σ ( u )= F   −1 {Φ (1)   Σ ( u )}.  (26)
 
         [0132]    The second linearization function Λ (2)   Σ  of the sum modulation may be the reciprocal function F reciprocal {Φ (2)   Σ (u)}, which may be the reciprocal 1/Φ (2)   Σ (u) of the second calibration function Φ (1)   Σ  of the sum modulation nonlinearity: 
         [0000]      Λ (2)   Σ ( u )= F   reciprocal {Φ (2)   Σ ( u )}=1/Φ (2)   Σ ( u ).  (27)
 
         [0133]    The first linearization function Λ (1)   Ξ  of the ratio modulation may be defined as the inverse function F −1 {Φ (1)   Ξ (u)} of the first calibration function Φ (1)   Ξ  of the ratio modulation nonlinearity: 
         [0000]      Λ (1)   Ξ ( u )= F   −1 {Φ (1)   Ξ ( u )}.  (28)
 
         [0134]    The second linearization function Λ (2)   Ξ  of the ratio modulation may be the reciprocal function F reciprocal {Φ (2)   Ξ )}, which may be the reciprocal value 1/Φ (2)   Ξ  of the second calibration function Φ (2)   Ξ  of the ratio modulation nonlinearity: 
         [0000]      Λ (2)   Ξ ( u )= F   reciprocal {Φ (2)   Ξ ( u )}=1/Φ (2)   Ξ ( u ).  (29)
 
         [0135]    The first calibration function Φ (1)   Σ  of the sum modulation nonlinearity may be equal to the assemblage of the calibration values of the sum component J calib   Σ (u) of the light flux intensity in the either of the formation windows W form   L ,W form   R . 
         [0000]      Φ (1)   Σ ( u )= J   calib   Σ ( u )  (30)
 
         [0000]    whereas the sum optical modulator  26  may be controlled by the linearly-varying electronic calibration signal u calib     —     lin   Σ  of the sum modulation. 
         [0136]    The second calibration function Φ (2)   Σ  of the sum modulation nonlinearity may be equal to the ratio of the sequence of calibration values of the sum component J calib   Σ  of the light flux intensity (in either of the formation windows W form   L ,W form   R ) to the sequence of the corresponding amplitude values of the linearly-varying electronic calibration signal u calib     —     lin   Σ  of the sum modulation: 
         [0000]      Φ (2)   Σ ( u )≈ J   calib   Σ ( u )/ u   calib     —     lin   Σ .  (31)
 
         [0137]    The first calibration function Φ (1)   Ξ(L/R) (u) of the ratio modulation nonlinearity may be equal to the ratio of the sequence of the calibration values of the ratio component J calib   Ξ(L) (u) of the light flux intensity in the left formation window W form   L  to the sequence of the calibration values of the ratio component J calib   Ξ(R) (u) of the light flux intensity in the right formation window W form   R : 
         [0000]      Φ (1)   Ξ(L/R)   ≈J   calib   Ξ(L)   /J   calib   Ξ(R) ,  (32)
 
         [0000]    whereas the ratio optical modulator  27  may be controlled by the linearly-varying electronic calibration signal u calib     —     lin   Ξ  of the ratio modulation. 
         [0138]    The second calibration function Φ 2   Ξ(L/R) (u) of the ratio modulation nonlinearity Φ Ξ  may be equal to the ratio of the sequence of the calibration values of the ratio component J calib   Ξ(L) (u) of the light flux intensity in the left formation window W form   L  to the sequence of the calibration values of the ratio component J calib   Ξ(R) (u) of the light flux intensity in the right formation window W form   R , divided by the sequence of the corresponding values of the amplitude of the linearly-varying electronic calibration signal u calib     —     lin   Ξ  of the ratio modulation: 
         [0000]    
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     
                       Φ 
                       
                         ( 
                         2 
                         ) 
                       
                       
                         Ξ 
                          
                         
                           ( 
                           
                             L 
                             / 
                             R 
                           
                           ) 
                         
                       
                     
                      
                     
                       ( 
                       u 
                       ) 
                     
                   
                   = 
                   
                     
                       
                         
                           F 
                           
                             - 
                             1 
                           
                         
                          
                         
                           { 
                           
                             
                               
                                 J 
                                 calib 
                                 
                                   Ξ 
                                    
                                   
                                     ( 
                                     L 
                                     ) 
                                   
                                 
                               
                                
                               
                                 ( 
                                 u 
                                 ) 
                               
                             
                             / 
                             
                               
                                 J 
                                 calib 
                                 
                                   Ξ 
                                    
                                   
                                     ( 
                                     R 
                                     ) 
                                   
                                 
                               
                                
                               
                                 ( 
                                 u 
                                 ) 
                               
                             
                           
                           } 
                         
                       
                       
                         u 
                         calib_lin 
                         Ξ 
                       
                     
                     . 
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   ( 
                   33 
                   ) 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
         [0139]    The amplitude limits of u calib     —     lin   Σ  may correspond to changes in light flux intensity J calib   Σ (u) from minimum calibration value to maximum one. The limits of u calib     —     lin   Ξ  amplitude may correspond to changes in the calibration values of the ratio component J calib   Ξ (u) of the light flux intensity from minimum calibration value to maximum one at constant (preferably, at maximum) light flux intensity in the optical input of the phase-polarization optical modulator  27 . 
         [0140]    The sum compensating signal s mn   Σ     —     comp  may be received at the output of the electronic functional module  30  which transfer function may correspond to the linearization function Λ Σ (u) of the sum modulation. The initial sum signal u mn   Σ  may be applied to the input of the electronic functional module  30 . The amplitude of u mn   Σ  may be directly proportional to the sum B mn   L +B mn   R  of the brightness values of the mn th  image elements of the left and right views, i.e. u mn   Σ ≈B mn   L +B mn   R . 
         [0141]    The ratio compensating signal s mn(L/R)   Ξ     —     comp  may be received at the output of the electronic functional module  31 , which transfer function may correspond to the linearization function Λ Ξ (u) of the ratio modulation. The initial ratio modulation signal u mn   Ξ  may be applied to the input of the electronic functional module  31 . The amplitude of u mn   Ξ  may be directly proportional to ratio B mn   L /B mn   R , i.e. u mn   Ξ ≈B mn   L /B mn   R . 
         [0142]    The output signals of the photo detectors  32 ,  33  (e.g., see  FIG. 9 ) may be applied to the inputs of the electronic processing modules  34 ,  35 . The calibration function Φ Ξ  of the ratio modulation nonlinearity and the calibration function Φ Σ  of the sum modulation nonlinearity may be calculated in the electronic processing modules  34 ,  35  in accordance with expressions (30)-(33). The inverse function F −1 {Φ Ξ } of calibration function Φ Ξ  of the ratio modulation nonlinearity and the reciprocal function F reciprocal {Φ Σ } of the calibration function Φ Σ  may be calculated in the electronic processing modules  36 ,  37  in accordance with expressions (26)-(29). During observing the stereo image, the corresponding transfer functions of the electronic functional modules  31  and  30  may be set accordingly with the obtained linearization functions Λ Ξ , Λ Σ  of the ratio and sum modulation. 
         [0143]    The procedure of linearization of the real-amplitude sum modulation (Σ{A}-modulation) and the procedure of linearization of the polarization ratio modulation (Ξ{P}-modulation) for the first embodiment of the method may be implemented separately. 
         [0144]    For linearization of Σ{A}-modulation, the calibration electronic signal u calib     —     lin   Σ  of Σ{A}-modulation may be applied to the control input in dir   Σ  of the real-amplitude optical modulator  26  (hereinafter, Σ{A}-modulator). The amplitude of u calib     —     lin   Σ  may be linearly increased in time t (e.g., see  FIG. 10 ). The amplitude of the electronic calibration signal u calib     —     lin   Ξ  of Ξ{P}-modulation at the control input in dir   Σ  of the phase-polarization modulator  27  (hereinafter, Ξ{P}-modulator) may be equal to 0 (corresponds to absence of Ξ{P}-modulation). The first and second procedures of Σ{A}-modulation linearization may correspond to the first Λ (1)   Σ  and second Λ (2)   Σ  linearization functions of the Σ{A}-modulation. 
         [0145]    When using the first linearization function Λ (1)   Σ  of Σ{A}-modulation, the light flux intensity values J calib   Σ(L)  and J calib   Σ(R)  in the left W form   L  and right W form   R  formation windows may correspond to calibration values of the sum component (Σ{A}-component) of the light flux intensity J calib   Σ  (e.g., see  FIG. 11 ). In the general case, the value of J calib   Σ  may represent the nonlinear function of voltage values of the linearly-varying amplitude of calibration signal u calib     —     lin   Σ  of the Σ{A}-modulation. The signal u calib     —     lin   Σ  may be applied to the control input in dir   Σ  of the Σ{A}-modulator so u calib     —     lin   Σ  may be indicated on the drawing as the signal argument u=u calib     —     lin   Σ , belonging to the input in dir   Σ , i.e. u=u calib     —     lin   Σ ⊂in dir   Σ . Therefore J calib   Σ  may be illustrated by a curve with deviations from sloped straight line  38  (a graph of a direct proportional dependence). The form of the curved function J calib   Σ  may be the same for both formation windows W form   L , W form   R  (graph I 11 ). The linearization of the Σ{A}-modulation with the use of the first linearization function Λ (1)   Σ  may be achieved by taking the inverse function of the nonlinearity function Φ (1)   Σ (u) of Σ{A}-modulation. The value of Φ (1)   Σ (u) may be equal to the sum of the values of the Σ{A}-modulated component of light flux intensity J calib   Σ  in accordance with expressions (30), (28). The graphic way of obtaining an inverse function may be to get the inverse function graph by interchanging of the argument and initial values of the function relative to which the inverse function should be taken. The values of the argument u calib     —     lin   Σ  may be plotted along the y-axis. The values of J calib   Σ  may be plotted along the x-axis to obtain the graph of the inverse function (e.g., see graph II 11  in  FIG. 11 ). This graph may be transferred to the initial coordinates (graph III 11 ) to obtain the resulting graph of the inverse function Λ (1)P   Σ =F −1 {Φ (1)P   Σ (u)=J calib   Σ (u)}. To get the compensated (with corrected nonlinearity) Σ{A}-component J calib   Σ     —     comp (u) of the light flux intensity (graph IV 11 ), the compensating electronic signal u calib     —     lin   Σ     —     comp : 
         [0000]        u   calib     —     lin   Σ     —     comp =Λ (1)   Σ   {u   calib     —     lin   Σ     —     comp }  (34)
 
         [0000]    may be applied to the control input in dir   Σ  of the electronic module of the Σ{A}-modulator as a result of taking the inverse function of the initial calibration signal u calib     —     lin   Σ     —     comp . The compensating electronic signal (26) may gain nonlinear properties, which may be inversed with respect to the nonlinear properties of Σ{A}-modulation. The result of operation of the Σ{A}-modulator under control of the compensating signal (26) may be the forming of the compensated Σ{A}-component J calib   Σ     —     comp (u) of the light flux intensity. The compensated Σ{A}-component J calib   Σ     —     comp (u) may not have the nonlinearity of Σ{A}-modulation that may be presented in the initial Σ{A}-component J calib   Σ . The graph IV 11  illustrates a direct proportional dependence of the Σ{A}-component J calib   Σ     —     comp (u) on the amplitude of the initial signal u calib     —     lin   Σ . The initial signal u calib     —     lin   Σ  may be applied to the input           of the electronic functional module with transfer function Λ (1)   Σ . The amplitude of the initial signal u calib     —     lin   Σ  may be indicated on the drawing as the signal argument u calib     —     lin   Σ , belonging to the input          , i.e., u=u calib     —     lin   Σ ⊂         . Analytically, this directly proportional dependence may be described as: 
         [0000]        J   calib   Σ     —     comp =Λ (1)   Σ   {J   calib   Σ ( u )}= J   calib   −1(Σ)   {J   calib   Σ ( u )}= u   (35)
 
         [0000]    where J calib   −1(Σ)  may be the inverse function of the function J calib   Σ . Taking the inverse function of the original function may correspond to receiving the argument of the original function, i.e., to receiving the variable itself. This variable describes the change of signal u calib     —     lin   Σ  voltage (change of the linearly-varying amplitude) producing the change of J calib   Σ . So the values of u may be actually plotted along the y-axis (vertical axis) of graph IV 11  (e.g., see  FIG. 11 ). At the same time, u may be the argument of the signal u calib     —     lin   Σ , and so it may be plotted along the axis of the arguments (horizontal axis) of graph IV 11 . Because the dependence of u on u may always be linear, hence the linearity of the graph may be followed as it may be described by expression (27). 
         [0146]    The information signal u mn   Σ ≈B mn   L +B mn   R  may be applied to the input           of the electronic functional module with the transfer function Λ (1)   Σ  (corresponding indication may be u mn   Σ ≈B mn   L +B mn   R ⊂          on the drawing, graph V 11 ). The resulting total intensity J mn   L     —     comp +J mn   R     —     comp  of the light flux in the two formation windows: 
         [0000]        J   mn   L     —     comp   +J   mn   R     —     comp =Λ (1)   Σ {Φ (1)   Σ ( B   mn   L   +B   mn   R )}==Φ (1)   −1(Σ) {Φ (1)   Σ ( B   mn   L   +B   mn   R )}= B   mn   L   +B   mn   R   (36)
 
         [0000]    may be directly proportional to B mn   L +B mn   R . It may correspond to graph V 11  (e.g., see  FIG. 11 ) in the form of a straight line in accordance with the same linearization algorithm (as examined in the example of the signal u calib     —     lin   Σ  with linearly-varying amplitude in graph IV 11 ). It may correspond to the desired linearization of Σ{A}-modulation relative to a arbitrary signal in the form of the sum of the values B mn   L +B mn   R . Indeed, the value of B mn   L +B mn   R  may actually be plotted along the axis of the arguments and also along the y-axis of graph V 11  as a result of compensation of the nonlinearity of Σ{A}-modulation whereas the supplied arbitrary signal may pass through the electronic functional module with the transfer function Λ (1)   Σ . Also, the influence of the first linearization function Λ (1)   Σ  on the nonlinearity of Σ{A}-modulation may be invariant relative to the form of the supplied signal. In case of the calibration signal u calib     —     lin   Σ  all the deviations of the supplied signal (i.e., deviations of the amplitude of B mn   L +B mn   R ) from linear dependence may be identical both for the y-axis and x-axis. So the described linearity (36) of graphic dependence: 
         [0000]        J   calib   Σ     —     comp =Λ (1)   Σ   {J   calib   Σ ( u )}= J   calib   −1(Σ)   {J   calib   Σ ( u )}= u   (37)
 
         [0000]    may be followed.) 
         [0147]    When using the second linearization function Λ (2)   Σ , the light flux intensity values J calib   Σ(L)  and J calib   Σ(R)  in the left W form   L  and right W form   R  formation windows may still be represented by the curve J calib   Σ  (e.g., see  FIG. 12 ), having essential deviations from inclined straight line  38 . That may be a graph of direct proportional dependence (graph I 12 ), whereas the linearly-varying calibration signal u calib     —     lin   Σ  of Σ{A}-modulation may be applied to the control input in dir   Σ  of Σ{A}-modulator. The second calibration function Φ (2)   Σ     —     A (u) of Σ{A}-modulation nonlinearity may be equal to the ratio of J calib   Σ (u) to the value of its argument. So this function (graph II 12 ) may be characterized by deviations from a straight line 1{u calib     —     lin   Σ }. This line may be the plot of the unit transmission coefficient of the calibration signal u calib     —     lin   Σ  of Σ{A}-modulation. The second linearization function Λ (2)   Σ     —     A (u) may be represented by the curve (e.g., see graph III 12  in  FIG. 12 ), that may be mirror symmetric of the curve Φ (2)   Σ (u) relative to the straight line 1{u calib   Σ } due to the definition of the function Λ (2)   Σ     —     A (u) as the reciprocal of the function Φ (2)   Σ     —     A (u). 
         [0148]    To obtain the compensated (with corrected nonlinearity) Σ{A}-component J calib   Σ     —     comp (u) of the light flux intensity (graph IV 12 ), the compensating signal u calib     —     lin   Σ     —     comp    
         [0000]        u   calib     —     lin   Σ     —     comp =Λ (2)   Σ     —     A   {u   calib     —     lin   Σ     —     comp }.  (38)
 
         [0000]    may be applied to the control input in dir   Σ  of the electronic functional module of the Σ{A}-modulator. The J calib   Σ     —     comp (u) may be the result of multiplication of the calibration values J calib   Σ  of the light flux intensity in either of the formation windows into the second linearization function Λ (2)   Σ     —     A . The latter may be the reciprocal of the second nonlinearity function Φ (2)   Σ     —     A  of Σ{A}-modulation in accordance with the formula (6). So the function Λ (2)   Σ     —     A  may be the inverse function of the intensity values J calib   Σ , multiplied by voltage values of the calibration signal u calib     —     lin   Σ : 
         [0000]    
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     J 
                     calib 
                     
                       Σ_ 
                        
                       comp 
                     
                   
                   = 
                   
                     
                       
                         J 
                         calib 
                         Σ 
                       
                       · 
                       
                         Λ 
                         
                           ( 
                           2 
                           ) 
                         
                         
                           Σ_ 
                            
                           A 
                         
                       
                     
                     = 
                     
                       
                         
                           J 
                           calib 
                           Σ 
                         
                         · 
                         
                           ( 
                           
                             1 
                             / 
                             
                               Φ 
                               
                                 ( 
                                 2 
                                 ) 
                               
                               
                                 Σ_ 
                                  
                                 A 
                               
                             
                           
                           ) 
                         
                       
                       = 
                       
                         
                           
                             J 
                             calib 
                             Σ 
                           
                           · 
                           
                             u 
                             
                               J 
                               calib 
                               Σ 
                             
                           
                         
                         = 
                         
                           u 
                           . 
                         
                       
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   ( 
                   39 
                   ) 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
         [0149]    The direct proportional dependence of the intensity values J calib   Σ     —     comp (u) on values of u may be followed. It may be shown as graph IV 12  in  FIG. 12  (analogously to the graph IV 11 ). 
         [0150]    The information signal u mn   Σ ≈B mn   L +B mn   R  may be applied to the input           of the electronic functional module with transfer function Λ (2)   Σ . The resulting total intensity J mn   L     —     comp +J mn   R     —     comp  of the light flux in two formation windows W form   L , W form   R : 
         [0000]    
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     
                       
                         
                           
                             J 
                             mn 
                             L_comp 
                           
                           + 
                           
                             J 
                             mn 
                             R_comp 
                           
                         
                         = 
                           
                          
                         
                           
                             
                               
                                 Λ 
                                 
                                   ( 
                                   2 
                                   ) 
                                 
                                 
                                   Σ 
                                   - 
                                   A 
                                 
                               
                               · 
                               
                                 Φ 
                                 
                                   ( 
                                   1 
                                   ) 
                                 
                                 
                                   Σ_ 
                                    
                                   A 
                                 
                               
                             
                              
                             
                               { 
                               
                                 ( 
                                 
                                   
                                     B 
                                     mn 
                                     L 
                                   
                                   + 
                                   
                                     B 
                                     mn 
                                     R 
                                   
                                 
                                 ) 
                               
                               } 
                             
                           
                           = 
                         
                       
                     
                   
                   
                     
                       
                         = 
                           
                          
                         
                           
                             
                               u 
                               
                                 J 
                                 calib 
                                 Σ 
                               
                             
                             · 
                             
                               J 
                               mn 
                               Σ 
                             
                           
                            
                           
                             { 
                             
                               
                                 B 
                                 mn 
                                 L 
                               
                               + 
                               
                                 B 
                                 mn 
                                 R 
                               
                             
                             } 
                           
                         
                       
                     
                   
                   
                     
                       
                         = 
                           
                          
                         
                           
                             B 
                             mn 
                             L 
                           
                           + 
                           
                             B 
                             mn 
                             R 
                           
                         
                       
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   ( 
                   40 
                   ) 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
         [0000]    may be directly proportional to B mn   L +B mn   R  and may correspond to graph V 12  in the form of a straight line. The nonlinearity may be compensated as the result of the ratio of two functions providing a correction factor B mn   L +B mn   R  to the voltage values. 
         [0151]    For linearization of Ξ{P}-modulation, the ratio calibration electronic signal u lin   Ξ  with linearly increasing amplitude (e.g., see  FIG. 13 ) may be applied to the control input in dir   Ξ  of the Ξ{P}-modulator. The voltage value on the control input in dir   Σ  of the Σ{P}-modulator may be a constant and preferably corresponds to the constant maximum value of the light flux intensity at the optical input of the Ξ{A}-modulator. It allows for obtaining the maximum dynamic range and high precision for calibration intensity values. 
         [0152]    The first and second linearization procedures of Ξ{P}-modulation may correspond to the first Λ (1)   Ξ     —     P  and second Λ (2)   Ξ     —     P  linearization functions of Ξ{P}-modulation. When using the first linearization function Λ (1)   Ξ     —     P , the intensity values J calib   Ξ(L)  and J calib   Ξ(R)  of the light flux in the left W form   L  and right W form   R  formation windows may be represented by the calibration values J calib   Ξ  of the Ξ{P}-component of the light flux (e.g., see  FIG. 14 ). For clarity of illustration of the subsequent realization of the linearization algorithm for the ratio J calib   Ξ(L/R) =J calib   Ξ(L) /J calib   Ξ(R)  of intensities, each of J calib   Ξ(L)  and J calib   Ξ(R)  may be represented by a linear function of the voltage value u of calibration signal u calib   Ξ  of Ξ{P}-modulation. This signal may be applied to the control input in dir   Ξ  of the Ξ{P}-modulator. The voltage value u of calibration signal u calib   Ξ  may be shown on the drawing as the signal argument u=u calib     —     lin   Ξ , belonging to the input in dir   Ξ  (i.e. u=u calib     lin     Ξ ⊂in dir   Ξ ). The J calib   Ξ(L)  values may be represented by the straight line J calib   Ξ(L) {u calib     —     lin   Ξ } for the left formation window (graph I 14 ) with positive derivative. The J calib   Ξ(R)  values may be represented by the straight line J 0   Ξ −J calib   Ξ {u calib     —     lin   Ξ } for the right formation window (graph II 14 ) with negative derivative. 
         [0153]    The graphic dependence of the relation J calib   Ξ(L/R)  (e.g., see graph III 14  in  FIG. 14 ), may be nonlinear even with the linear graphic dependences for J calib   Ξ(L)  and J calib   Ξ(R) , because J calib   Ξ(L/R) : 
         [0000]        J   calib   Ξ(L/R) ( u )= J   calib   Ξ(L) ( u )/ J   calib   Ξ(R) ( u )= J   calib   Ξ(L) ( u )/ J   max   Ξ   −J   calib   Ξ ( u )  (41)
 
         [0000]    may be a hyperbolic dependence of the voltage value u with the maximum value J max   Ξ /J min   Ξ . Here, J max  and J min  may be constant values, equal to the maximum and minimum values accordingly of the light intensity calibration values. The linearization of {ΞP}-modulation using the first linearization function Λ (1)   Ξ     —     P  may be implemented by taking the inverse function of the function Φ (1)   Ξ     —     P (u) of the Ξ{P}-modulation nonlinearity. The first calibration function Φ (1)   Ξ     —     P (u) in accordance with expression (32) for the ratio of intensities between the left W form   L  and right W form   R  formation windows may be equal to Φ (1)   Ξ(L/R) (u)≈J calib   Ξ(L) (u)/J calib   Ξ(R) (u) i.e., the Φ (1)   Ξ     —     P (u) corresponds to the graph III 14 . The graph IV 14  (e.g., see  FIG. 14 ) may correspond to the first linearization function Λ (1)   Ξ  which may be the inversed function of the function Φ (1)   Ξ     —     P (u). 
         [0154]    To obtain the compensated (with corrected nonlinearity) Ξ{P}-component J calib   Ξ     —     comp (u) of the light flux intensity (graph V 14 ), the compensating electronic signal u calib     —     lin   Ξ     —     comp : 
         [0000]        u   calib     —     lin   Ξ     —     comp =Λ (1)   Ξ     —     P   {u   calib     —     lin   Ξ }  (42)
 
         [0000]    may be applied to the control input in dir   Ξ  of the electronic functional module of the Ξ{P}-modulator. The compensating electronic signal u calib     —     lin   Ξ     —     comp  may be a result of taking (calculating) the inverse function of the initial calibration signal u calib     —     lin   Ξ . So, the signal u calib     —     lin   Ξ     —     comp  may acquire nonlinear properties, which may be inversed relative to the nonlinear properties of Ξ{P}-modulation. The result of operation of the Ξ{P}-modulator, controlled by the compensating signal u calib     —     lin   Ξ     —     comp , may be implementing a compensated Ξ{P}-component of J calib   Ξ     —     comp (u) of the light flux intensity. The compensated Ξ{P}-component may not have the {ΞP}-modulation nonlinearity that may be present in the initial Ξ{P}-component J calib   Ξ(L) (u)/J calib   Ξ(R) (u). So the graph VI 14  of the direct proportional dependence of the Ξ{P}-component of J calib   Ξ(L) (u)/J calib   Ξ(R) (u) on the amplitude of the initial signal of u calib     —     lin   Ξ  may be valid. Analytically, this directly proportional dependence may be described as: 
         [0000]        J   calib   Ξ     —     comp =Λ (1)   Ξ     —     P   {J   calib   Ξ(L) ( u )/ J   calib   Ξ(R) ( u )}=Λ (1)   Ξ     —     P   {J   calib   Ξ(L/R) ( u )}==J calib   −1     —     Ξ(L/R)   {J   calib   Ξ(L/R) ( u )}= u   (43)
 
         [0000]    where J calib   −1     —     Ξ(L/R)  may be the inverse function of the function J calib   Ξ(L/R) . Taking the inverse function of the original function corresponds to obtaining the argument u of the original function. So, the values of u may be actually plotted along the y-axis (vertical axis) of the graph V 14  (e.g., see  FIG. 14 ). As the value of u may be the argument of the signal u calib     —     lin   Ξ  so the values of u may be plotted also along the horizontal axis of the arguments of graph V 14 . The dependence of u on u may always be linear, so the graphic dependence (43) may be a straight line. 
         [0155]    If the signal u mn   Σ  may be applied to the input           of the electronic functional module having transfer function Λ (1)   Ξ     —     P , the resulting compensated ratio of the intensities J mn   Ξ(L/R)      —     comp  between the two formation windows W form   L , W form   R : 
         [0000]    
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     
                       
                         
                           J 
                           mn 
                           
                             
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                                 ( 
                                 
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                                   / 
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                               ( 
                               1 
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                                   ( 
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                                 ) 
                               
                             
                             } 
                           
                         
                       
                     
                   
                   
                     
                       
                         = 
                           
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                               J 
                               calib 
                               
                                 
                                   - 
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                                   calib 
                                   
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                                 calib 
                                 
                                   
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                                   calib 
                                   
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                           = 
                         
                       
                     
                   
                   
                     
                       
                         = 
                           
                          
                         
                           
                             
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                               mn 
                               L 
                             
                              
                             
                               ( 
                               u 
                               ) 
                             
                           
                           / 
                           
                             
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                               mn 
                               R 
                             
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                               ( 
                               u 
                               ) 
                             
                           
                         
                       
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 
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                   44 
                   ) 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
         [0000]    may be directly proportional to B mn   L /B mn   R  may correspond to graph VI 14  (e.g., see  FIG. 14 ) in the form of a straight line. This may indicate implementation of the desired linearization of Ξ{P}-modulation relative to the arbitrary ratio B mn   L /B mn   R . 
         [0156]    When using the second linearization function Λ (2)   Ξ     —     P , the light flux intensity values J calib   Σ(L)  and J calib   Σ(R)  in the left W form   L  and right W form   R  formation windows (e.g., see  FIG. 15 ) may be represented, as before, by nonlinear dependence J calib   Ξ(L/R)  (graph III 15 ) even in case of linear graphic dependences for J calib   Ξ(L)  and J calib   Ξ(R)  (graphs I 5  and II 15 ). The linearly-varying calibration signal u calib     —     lin   Ξ  may be applied to the control input in dir   Ξ  of the Ξ{P}-modulator. 
         [0157]    The second calibration function Φ (2)   Ξ     —     P (u) of Ξ{P}-modulation nonlinearity may be equal to the result of dividing J calib   Ξ(L/R) (u) by its argument u (e.g., see graph IV 15  in  FIG. 15 ) and may be characterized by deviations from the straight line 1{u calib   Ξ }. This line may be the graphic presentation of the unit transmission coefficient of the calibration signal u calib   Ξ  of Ξ{P}-modulation. The second linearization function Λ (2)   Ξ     —     P (u) may be represented by the curve (e.g., see graph V 15  in  FIG. 15 ), that may be the minor symmetric of the curve function Φ (2)   Ξ     —     P (u) relative to straight line 1{u calib   Ξ }. This may be a result of defining the function Λ (2)   Ξ     —     P (u) as the inverse function of the function Φ (2)   Ξ     —     P (u). 
         [0158]    To obtain the compensated Ξ{P}-component of J calib   Ξ     —     comp (u) of the light flux intensity (e.g., see graph VI 15  in  FIG. 15 ), the compensating electronic signal u calib     —     lin   Ξ     —     comp : 
         [0000]        u   calib     —     lin   Σ     —     comp =Λ (2)   Ξ     —     P   {u   calib     —     lin   Ξ     —     comp }  (45)
 
         [0000]    may be applied to the control input of in dir   Σ  of the electronic functional module of the Ξ{P}-modulator. The signal u calib     —     lin   Ξ     —     comp  may be the result of multiplication of two functions. The first function may describe the calibration values of the relation J calib   Ξ(L/R) =J calib   Ξ(L) /J calib   Ξ(R)  of the light flux intensities between the two formation windows W form   L , W form   R . The second function may be the linearization function Λ (2)   Ξ     —     P  which may be the reciprocal (8) of the second calibration function Φ (2)   Σ  of Ξ{P}-modulation nonlinearity. In turn, Φ (2)   Σ  may be equal to relation of the intensity values J calib   Ξ(L/R)  divided by voltages values u of the calibration signal u calib     —     lin   Σ : 
         [0000]    
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     
                       
                         
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                           calib 
                           
                             
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                                   / 
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                             _comp 
                           
                         
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                             calib 
                             
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                               calib 
                               
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                         u 
                       
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 
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                   46 
                   ) 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
         [0159]    The direct proportional dependence of the intensity values J calib   Ξ(L/R)      —     comp (u) follows, as simultaneously u may be the argument of the u calib     —     lin   Σ  and so it may be plotted along the horizontal axis of the arguments of graph VI 15  (e.g., see  FIG. 15 ). 
         [0160]    If the initial signal u mn   Ξ  may be applied to the input           of the electronic functional module having the transfer function Λ (2)   Ξ , the resulting ratio of intensities J mn   Ξ(L/R)  of the light flux in the two formation windows W form   L , W form   R : 
         [0000]    
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     
                       
                         
                           
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                                   ( 
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                                   ( 
                                   2 
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                               · 
                               
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                           = 
                         
                       
                     
                   
                   
                     
                       
                         = 
                           
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                                 calib 
                                 
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                                    
                                   
                                     ( 
                                     
                                       L 
                                       / 
                                       R 
                                     
                                     ) 
                                   
                                 
                               
                             
                             · 
                             
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                               mn 
                               
                                 Ξ 
                                  
                                 
                                   ( 
                                   
                                     L 
                                     / 
                                     R 
                                   
                                   ) 
                                 
                               
                             
                           
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                             { 
                             
                               
                                 B 
                                 mn 
                                 L 
                               
                               / 
                               
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                                 mn 
                                 R 
                               
                             
                             } 
                           
                         
                       
                     
                   
                   
                     
                       
                         = 
                           
                          
                         
                           
                             B 
                             mn 
                             L 
                           
                           / 
                           
                             B 
                             mn 
                             R 
                           
                         
                       
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   ( 
                   47 
                   ) 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
         [0000]    may be directly proportional to B mn   L /B mn   R  and corresponds to graph VII 15  (e.g., see  FIG. 15 ) in the form of a straight line. Due to dividing the function J mn   Ξ(L/R)  by the function J calib   Ξ(L/R)  the nonlinearity may be compensated. So, the resulting ratio may be a correction factor to the voltage value corresponding to changes of B mn   L /B mn   R . 
         [0161]    The second preferred embodiment of the method (e.g.,  FIGS. 16 and 17 ) comprises: 
         [0162]    receiving a light wave from an optical source; 
         [0163]    providing the real-amplitude optical modulator  39 , that may be matrix-addressed in M rows and N columns, for modulating the light flux intensity to implement a direct sum modulation Σ{A} of the light wave in the mn th  element of the real-amplitude optical modulator  39 , whereas applying a sum compensating signal s mn   Σ     —     comp  to the control input of the real-amplitude optical modulator  39 , wherein the amplitude of s mn   Σ     —     comp  may be directly proportional to the linearization function Λ Σ  of the sum modulation, 
         [0164]    providing the phase-polarization optical modulator  40 , that may be matrix-addressed in M rows and N columns, for modulating the polarization state P of the light wave to implement an indirect ratio modulation C{P} in the mn th  element of the phase-polarization optical modulator  40 , whereas setting complementary values of optical modulation parameters in the adjacent 2i and (2i−1) columns of the ratio optical modulator  40 , wherein i=1, 2, . . . , N, and applying a ratio compensating signal s mn   Ξ     —     comp  to the control input of the ratio optical modulator  40  wherein the amplitude of s mn   Ξ     —     comp  may be directly proportional to the linearization function Λ Ξ  of the ratio modulation; 
         [0165]    providing a N-column addressed spatially-periodic phase-polarization converter  41  comprising a static phase-polarization transparency  41   1  (that may be electrically addressed by N columns and has mutually orthogonal parameters of polarization state conversion in its adjacent 2k and (2k−1) columns, wherein k=1, 2, . . . , N) and a linear polarization analyzer  41   2 , to form the first group of N light beams and second group of N light beams respectively in the left Z form   L  and right Z form   R  formation zones by converting a ratio C{P} polarization modulation into corresponding variations of the ratio component of the light flux intensity, wherein the intensity values J mn   L  and J mn   R  may be equal to the values B mn   L  and B mn   R  of brightness of mn th  elements of images of the left and right views respectively; 
         [0166]    whereas directing to the left formation zone Z form   L  the first N/2 light beams of the first group passing through N/2 even 2i columns of the phase-polarization optical modulator  40  and through N/2 even 2k columns of the a static phase-polarization transparency  41   1 , and the second N/2 light beams of the first group passing through N/2 odd (2i−1) columns of the phase-polarization optical modulator  40  and through N/2 odd (2k−1) columns of a static phase-polarization transparency  41   1 ; 
         [0167]    directing to the right view formation zone Z form   R  the first N/2 light beams of the second group passing through N/2 odd (2i−1) columns of the phase-polarization optical modulator  40  and through N/2 even 2k columns of the a static phase-polarization transparency  41   1 , and the second N/2 light beams of the of the second group passing through N/2 even 2i columns of the phase-polarization optical modulator  40  and through N/2 odd (2k−1) columns of the a static phase-polarization transparency  41   1 ; 
         [0168]    observing left and right views of the stereo image in left Z V   L  and right Z V   R  observation zones, which may be optically coupled with the left Z form   L  and right Z form   R  formation zones respectively. 
         [0169]    The amplitude of the first sum compensating signal s (1)mn   Σ     —     comp ≈Λ (1)   Σ {B mn   L +B mn   R } (22) may be directly proportional to the first linearization function Λ (1)   Σ  of the sum modulation, taken from the sum B mn   L +B mn   R . The amplitude of the second compensating sum signal s (2)mn   Σ     —     comp ≈(B mn   L +B mn   R )·Λ (2)   Σ  (23) may be directly proportional to the product of the sum B mn   L +B mn   R  into the second linearization function Λ (2)   Σ  of the sum modulation. The amplitude of the first ratio compensating signal s (1)mn   Ξ     —     comp ≈Λ (1)   Ξ {B mn   L /B mn   R } (24) may be directly proportional to the first linearization function Λ (1)   Ξ  of the ratio modulation, taken from the ratio B mn   L /B mn   R . The amplitude of the second ratio compensating signal s (2)mn   Ξ     —     comp ≈(B mn   L /B mn   R )· (2)   Ξ  (25) may be directly proportional to the product of the ratio B mn   L /B mn   R  into the second linearization function Λ (2)   Ξ  of the ratio modulation. 
         [0170]    The first linearization function Λ (1)   Σ  of the sum modulation may be the inverse function Λ (1)   Σ =F −1  {Φ (1)   Σ } (26). The second linearization function Λ (2)   Σ  of the sum modulation may be the reciprocal function Λ (2)   Ξ =F reciprocal {Φ (2)   Ξ =1/Φ (2)   Ξ } (27). The first linearization function Λ (1)   Ξ  of ratio modulation may be the inverse function Λ (1)   Ξ =F −1 {Φ (1)   Ξ } (28). The second linearization function Λ (2)   Ξ  of the ratio modulation may be the reciprocal function Λ (2)   Ξ =F reciprocal {Φ (2)   Ξ }=1/Φ (2)   Ξ  (29) 
         [0171]    The first calibration function Φ (1)   Σ  of the sum modulation nonlinearity may be determined as the assemblage Φ (1)   Σ =J calib   Σ  (30), whereas applying a linearly-varying calibration signal s calib     —     lin   Σ  of the sum modulation to the control input of the real-amplitude optical modulator  39 . The second calibration function Φ (2)   Σ  of the sum modulation may be determined as the ratio Φ (1)   Σ ≈J calib   Σ /s calib     —     lin   Σ  (31) whereas applying the calibration signal s calib     —     lin   Σ  of sum modulation applying to the control input of the real-amplitude optical modulator  39 . The first calibration function Φ (1)   Ξ  of the ratio modulation may be determined according with the expression (32) whereas applying the calibration signal s calib     —     lin   Ξ  of the ratio modulation to the control input of the phase-polarization optical modulator  40 . The second calibration function Φ (2)   Ξ  of the ratio modulation may be determined according with the expression (33) whereas applying the signal s calib     —     lin   Ξ  of the ratio modulation to the control input of the phase polarization optical modulator  40 . 
         [0172]    The sum compensating signal s mn   Σ     —     comp  may be received at the output of the electronic functional module  42  which transfer function may be the linearization function Λ Σ     —     A (u) of the sum modulation, whereas the initial sum signal u mn   Σ  may be applied to the input of the electronic functional module  42 . The amplitude of u mn   Σ  may be directly proportional to the sum B mn   L +B mn   R  of the values of the brightness of the mn th  image elements of the left and right views. 
         [0173]    The ratio compensating signal s mn   Ξ     —     comp  may be received at the output of the electronic functional module  43  which transfer function may be the linearization function Λ Σ     —     P (u) of the ratio modulation, whereas the initial signal u mn   Ξ  may be applied to the input of the electronic functional module  43 . The amplitude of u mn   Ξ  may be directly proportional to the ratio u mn   Ξ ≈B mn   L /B mn   R . 
         [0174]    The calibration and linearization procedures (e.g., see  FIG. 18 ) for the second preferred embodiment of method may be analogous to corresponding procedures for the first preferred embodiment of method, illustrated in  FIGS. 10-15  and described by expressions (34)-(47). The photo detectors  42 ,  43 , which apertures may be located in the left Z form   L  and right Z form   R  formation zones respectively, may be used for measuring the intensity calibration values. 
         [0175]    Separation of the image elements of the left and right images may be implemented by operation of the linear polarizer  41   2  in collaboration with the phase-polarization transparency  41   1  (e.g., see  FIG. 19 ). The separation may be illustrated by grouping the circular elements  45  and triangular  46  in different formation zones. The circular element  45  and triangular element  46  may correspond respectively to the orthogonal component and the parallel component of general polarization in plane C{P} relative to the polarization axis of linear polarization analyzer  41   2 . To disclose the method, it may be sufficient to examine only the central pair of formation zones Z form   L , Z form   R . However, simultaneously the peripheral pairs of the formation zones (e.g., see  FIG. 20 ) may also be formed. Separation in such zones (for example, in the peripheral pair Z 1   L , Z 1   R  of the first order) may be implemented analogously to the central pair of formation Z form   L , Z form   R , which may correspond to the pair of the zero order. 
         [0176]    The third embodiment of the method comprises: 
         [0177]    providing an optical source  47  (e.g., see  FIG. 21 ) to receive a light flux with the first spectrum R 1 , G 1 , B 1 ; 
         [0178]    providing a real-amplitude optical modulator  48  for modulating the real amplitude A of the light flux to implement a sum modulation Σ{A}; 
         [0179]    providing an optical spectral modulator  49  for the controlled changing the wavelength λ with transition from the first spectrum R 1 , G 1 , B 1  to the second spectrum R 2 , G 2 , B 2  to implement an indirect ratio modulation (Ξ{λ}-modulation), whereas changing the voltage at the control input of the optical spectral modulator  49  from the first (minimum) to the second (maximum) value; 
         [0180]    providing the first and second optical spectral analyzers  50 ,  51  for comb spectral analysis to implement a conversion C{λ→J) of the indirect ratio modulation into the ratio component of the light flux intensity and forming by this the light fluxes of the mn th  image elements of the left B mn   L  and right B mn   R  views in the left W form   L  and right W form   L  formation windows. 
         [0181]    The special characteristic R L , G L , B L  and R R , G R , B R  of the first and second optical spectral analyzers  50 ,  51  may correspond to the first R 1 , G 1 , B 1  and second spectrum R 2 , G 2 , B 2  respectively. The sum compensating signal s mn   Σ     —     comp  may be applied to the control input of the real-amplitude optical modulator  48 . The ratio compensating signal s mn   Ξ(L/R)      —     comp  may be applied to the control input of optical spectral modulator  49 . 
         [0182]    The sum compensating signal s mn   Σ     —     A     —     comp  (1), (2) may be received at the output of the electronic functional module  52 . The transfer function of this module may be the linearization function Λ Σ     —     A  of Σ{A}-modulation satisfying expressions (5),(6). The initial sum signal s mn   Σ  (13) may be applied to the input of the electronic functional module  52 . 
         [0183]    The ratio compensating signal s mn   Ξ     —     λ     —     comp  may be received at the output of the electronic functional module  53 . The transfer function of this module may be the linearization function Λ Ξ     —     λ  of Ξ{λ}-modulation satisfying expressions (7), (8). The initial ratio signal s mn   Ξ  (14) may be applied to the input of the electronic functional module  53 . 
         [0184]    The spectrum R 1 , G 1 , B 1  of the light flux, passing through the optical spectral modulator  49 , may correspond to the spectral characteristic R L , G L , B L  of first optical spectral analyzer  51  in the absence of voltage on its control input (u=0). At the maximum value of the control voltage (u=u max ) at the control input of optical spectral modulator  49  the passed through light flux may be characterized by the spectrum R 2 , G 2 , B 2 , corresponding to the spectral characteristic R R ,G R ,B R  of the second optical spectral analyzer  50 . At an intermediate value of the control voltage (u=u int ) the passed through light flux may have the spectrum R 1 , G 1 , B 1 . 
         [0185]    Consequently, at u=0 the light flux may have the maximum intensity at the output of first optical spectral analyzer  51  and the minimum intensity at the output of second optical spectral analyzer  51  (vice versa at u=u max ). In such a way, the complementary optical characteristics of the optical conversion of the Ξ{λ}-modulation into a corresponding component of light flux intensity may be provided. 
         [0186]    The photo detectors  54 ,  55  (e.g., see  FIG. 22 ) may measure the calibration intensity values. The calibration procedures for determining the linearization function Λ Σ     —     A  of the sum real-amplitude modulation and for the linearization function Λ Ξ     —     λ  of the ratio spectral modulation may be analogous to the calibration procedures, which may be illustrated in  FIGS. 10-15  and described by expressions (34)-(47). For example, the ratio of the light flux intensities J calib   Ξ     —     λ(L) /J calib   Ξ     —     λ(R) =J calib   Ξ     —     λ(L/R)  in the left and right formation windows may take the form of graph I 23  (e.g., see  FIG. 23 ) if the calibration signal with linearly-varying amplitude u calib     —     lin   Ξ     —     λ ⊂in dir   Ξ     —     λ  may be applied to the control input in dir   Ξ  of the optical spectral analyzer  49 . The linearization function Λ Ξ     —     λ  of ratio spectral modulation may be received, for example, due to calculating the inverse values (8) of the ratio modulation spectral nonlinearity function Φ Ξ     —     λ  (graph II 23 ). When a compensating calibration signal u calib     —     lin   Ξ     —     λ     —     comp ⊂in                 —     λ  may be applied to the control input of the electronic functional module  53 , a linear dependence of the compensated ratio J calib   Ξ     —     λ(L/R)      —     comp  of light intensities may be present in the left and right formation windows (graph III 23 ). When the compensating information signal u mn   Ξ =in                 —     λ  has the form (4), a linear dependence of the intensity values J mn   Ξ     —     λ(L/R)  of ratio spectral modulation (graph IV 23 ) may be present (e.g., see  FIG. 23 ). Thus, the separation of the stereo image views may be achieved in accordance with expressions (18)-(20). 
         [0187]    The fourth embodiment of the method comprises: 
         [0188]    receiving a collimated (parallel) light flux from an optical source  56  (e.g., see  FIG. 24 ); 
         [0189]    providing a sum diffraction optical modulator  57  (hereinafter, Σ{A}-modulator  57 ) for changing the deflection angle α of the light flux in the first transverse direction (along the coordinate y) to implement a sum diffraction modulation Σ{A}; 
         [0190]    providing a ratio diffraction optical modulator  58  (hereinafter, Ξ{β}-modulator  58 ) for changing the deflection angle β of the light flux in the second transverse direction (along the x coordinate) to implement a ratio diffraction modulation Ξ{β}; 
         [0191]    providing a louver optical analyzer  59 , that may be asymmetric in two mutually orthogonal transverse directions, to separate the light flux component J Σ  in the first transverse direction in accordance to the sum diffraction modulation Σ{α} and to separate the light flux component in a second transverse direction in accordance to the ratio diffraction modulation Ξ{β} in both formation windows. 
         [0192]    The sum compensating electronic signal u mn   Σ     —     α     —     comp  and the ratio compensating electronic signal u mn   Ξ     —     β     —     comp  may be supplied to the control inputs of Σ{A}-modulator  57  and Ξ{β}-modulator  58  respectively. 
         [0193]    The sum compensating signal u mn   Σ     —     α     —     comp  (1), (2) may be received at the output of the electronic functional module  60 . The transfer function of this module may be the linearization function Λ Σ     —     α  of Σ{α}-modulation in accordance with expressions (5), (6). The initial sum signal s mn   Σ  with amplitude (13) may be applied to the input of functional module  60 . A ratio compensating signal s mn   Ξ     —     β     —     comp  may be received at the output of the electronic functional module  61 . Transfer function of this module may be the linearization function Λ Ξ     —     β  of Ξ{β}-modulation which satisfies expressions (7), (8) whereas an initial ratio signal s mn   Ξ  with amplitude (14) may be applied to the input of the electronic functional module  61 . 
         [0194]    The change of the deflection angle α of the light flux (e.g., see  FIG. 25 ), caused by amplitude change of the sum compensating electronic signal u mn   Σ     —     α     —     comp , may lead to changing an overlapping factor of the light flux in vertical direction (along coordinate y) of the section  59   1  of the asymmetric louver analyzer  59 . In this direction, the overlapping factor may be identical for both formation zones Z form   L , Z form   R . The change of the amplitude of the ratio compensating electronic signal s mn   Ξ     —     β     —     comp  may cause the change of the light flux deflection angle β leading to a different (mutually opposite) overlapping factor of the light flux for the left Z form   L  and right Z form   R  formation zones. For example, increasing the angle β on some increment, the transmission coefficient of the horizontal section  59   2  of the asymmetric louver analyzer  59  for one of the formation zones may be increased, whereas the transmission coefficient for another formation zone may be decreased. 
         [0195]    The calibration procedures for obtaining the linearization function Λ Σ     —     α  of Σ{α}-modulation and the linearization function Λ Ξ     —     β  of Ξ{β}-modulation may be analogous to the corresponding procedures for the first or second embodiments of the method, illustrated in  FIGS. 10-15  and described by relations (34)-(47). For example, after obtaining the calibration values of the ratio J calib   Ξ     —     β(L/R)      —     comp  in the left and right formation zones (e.g., see  FIG. 26 ), the linearization function Λ Ξ     —     β  of Ξ{β}-modulation may be determined by calculating the inverse values of the corresponding values of the nonlinearity function Φ Ξ     —     β , which may lead to the linearization of the Ξ{β}-component of the information variations of the light flux intensity J mn   Ξ     —     β(L/R)  depending on the amplitude of the ratio compensating electronic information signal u mn   Ξ     —     β . 
         [0196]    For parallel forming of all M·N elements of the both views of stereo image, a matrix  62  of the asymmetric louver analyzers  59  (e.g., see  FIG. 27 ) may be used, that may be implemented, for example, by nano-technological means or by a holographic method. 
         [0197]    The fifth embodiment of the method comprises: 
         [0198]    providing an analog real-amplitude optical modulator  63  (e.g., see  FIG. 28 ) for implementing an analog modulation of real-amplitude A of the light flux to implement a sum modulation Σ{A}; 
         [0199]    providing a bistable polarization modulator  64  for implementing a pulse-width modulation (PWM) between two mutually orthogonal polarization states of the light flux to implement a bistable polarization ratio modulation Ξ{P Bi } (hereinafter, Ξ{P Bi }-modulation); 
         [0200]    providing the first  65  and second  66  polarization analyzer with complementary polarization states to implement a polarization conversion C{P Bi →J} of the bistable ratio modulation into bistable variations of the ratio component of light flux intensity, wherein the analog linearization function Λ analog   Σ     —     A  of the sum modulation may be determined in accordance with expressions (26), (27). 
         [0201]    The first linearization function Λ (1)Bi   Ξ     —     P  of Ξ{P Bi }-modulation may be the inverse function of the first calibration function Φ (1)Bi   Ξ     —     P  of Ξ{P Bi }-modulation nonlinearity: 
         [0000]      Λ (1)Bi   Ξ     —     P ( u )≈ F   −1 {Φ (1)Bi   Ξ     —     P ( u )}.  (48)
 
         [0202]    In turn, the function Φ (1)Bi   Ξ     —     P  may be defined as the ratio {tilde over (J)} calib     —     Bi   Ξ     —     P(L/R) (u) of the time-averaged calibration values {tilde over (J)} calib     —     Bi   Ξ     —     P(L) (u) of the Ξ{P Bi }-component of the light flux intensity in the left formation window to the time-averaged calibration values {tilde over (J)} calib     —     Bi   Ξ     —     P(R) (u) of the Ξ{P Bi }-component of the light flux intensity in the right formation window: 
         [0000]      Φ Bi   Ξ     —     P ( u )≈ {tilde over (J)}   calib     —     Bi   Ξ     —     P(L) ( u )/ {tilde over (J)}   calib     —     Bi   Ξ     —     P(R) ( u )= {tilde over (J)}   calib     —     Bi   Ξ     —     P(L/R) ( u ),  (49)
 
         [0000]    wherein 
         [0000]    
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     
                       
                         
                           
                             J 
                             ~ 
                           
                           calib_Bi 
                           
                             
                               Ξ_ 
                                
                               P 
                             
                              
                             
                               ( 
                               L 
                               ) 
                             
                           
                         
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                           ( 
                           u 
                           ) 
                         
                       
                       = 
                       
                         
                           ∫ 
                           t 
                           
                               
                           
                         
                          
                         
                           
                             J 
                             calib_Bi 
                             
                               Ξ_ 
                                
                               
                                 ( 
                                 L 
                                 ) 
                               
                             
                           
                            
                           
                              
                             t 
                           
                         
                       
                     
                     , 
                     
                       
 
                     
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                             J 
                             ~ 
                           
                           calib_Bi 
                           
                             
                               Ξ_ 
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                               ( 
                               R 
                               ) 
                             
                           
                         
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                           ( 
                           u 
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                             calib_Bi 
                             
                               
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                                 ( 
                                 R 
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                           ~ 
                         
                         calib_Bi 
                         
                           
                             Ξ_ 
                              
                             P 
                           
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                             ( 
                             
                               L 
                               / 
                               R 
                             
                             ) 
                           
                         
                       
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                         ( 
                         u 
                         ) 
                       
                     
                     = 
                     
                       
                         ∫ 
                         t 
                         
                             
                         
                       
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                           J 
                           calib_Bi 
                           
                             
                               Ξ_ 
                                
                               P 
                             
                              
                             
                               ( 
                               L 
                               ) 
                             
                           
                         
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                             t 
                           
                           / 
                           
                             
                               ∫ 
                               t 
                               
                                   
                               
                             
                              
                             
                               
                                 J 
                                 calib_Bi 
                                 
                                   
                                     Ξ_ 
                                      
                                     P 
                                   
                                    
                                   
                                     ( 
                                     L 
                                     ) 
                                   
                                 
                               
                                
                               
                                 
                                    
                                   t 
                                 
                                 . 
                               
                             
                           
                         
                       
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   ( 
                   50 
                   ) 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
         [0203]    The calibration pulse-width signal u calib     —     lin     —     Bi   Ξ     —     P  with linearly-varying pulse width may be applied to the control input of the bistable polarization modulator  64 . The second linearization function Λ (2)Bi   Ξ     —     P  of {P Bi }-modulation may be defined as the reciprocal function of the second calibration function Φ (2)Bi   Ξ     —     P  of the bistable modulation nonlinearity: 
         [0000]        ũ   calib     —     lin   Ξ     —     P =∫ 0   T   u   calib     —     lin      —     Bi   Ξ     —     P   dt.   (51)
 
         [0000]    wherein the function Φ (2)Bi   Ξ     —     P  may be: 
         [0000]    
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     
                       Φ 
                       
                         
                           ( 
                           2 
                           ) 
                         
                          
                         Bi 
                       
                       
                         Ξ_ 
                          
                         P 
                       
                     
                     ≈ 
                     
                       
                         
                           
                             
                               J 
                               ~ 
                             
                             calib_Bi 
                             
                               
                                 Ξ_ 
                                  
                                 P 
                               
                                
                               
                                 ( 
                                 L 
                                 ) 
                               
                             
                           
                            
                           
                             ( 
                             u 
                             ) 
                           
                         
                         / 
                         
                           
                             
                               J 
                               ~ 
                             
                             calib_Bi 
                             
                               
                                 Ξ_ 
                                  
                                 P 
                               
                                
                               
                                 ( 
                                 R 
                                 ) 
                               
                             
                           
                            
                           
                             ( 
                             u 
                             ) 
                           
                         
                       
                       
                         
                           u 
                           ~ 
                         
                         
                           calib_lin 
                            
                           _Bi 
                         
                         
                           Ξ_ 
                            
                           P 
                         
                       
                     
                   
                   = 
                   
                     
                       
                         
                           J 
                           ~ 
                         
                         calib_Bi 
                         
                           
                             Ξ_ 
                              
                             P 
                           
                            
                           
                             ( 
                             
                               L 
                               / 
                               R 
                             
                             ) 
                           
                         
                       
                        
                       
                         ( 
                         u 
                         ) 
                       
                     
                     
                       
                         u 
                         ~ 
                       
                       
                         calib_lin 
                          
                         _Bi 
                       
                       
                         Ξ_ 
                          
                         P 
                       
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   ( 
                   52 
                   ) 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
         [0000]    and 
         [0000]        ũ   calib     —     lin   Ξ     —     P =∫ 0   T   u   calib     —     lin     —     Bi   Ξ     —     P   dt.   (53)
 
         [0204]    The sum compensating signal u mn   Σ     —     A     —     comp  (1), (2) may be received at the output of electronic functional module  67  with transfer function corresponding to an analog linearization function Λ analog   Σ     —     A  of sum modulation which satisfies expressions (5),(6). The initial sum signal analog (13) may be applied to the input of the electronic functional module  67 . 
         [0205]    The ratio bistable compensating signal s mn     —     Bi   Ξ     —     P     —     comp  comp may be received at the output of the PWM-transformer  68 . The transfer function of this module may correspond to a bistable linearization function Λ Bi   Σ     —     P  of the ratio modulation which satisfies the expressions (40), (44). The initial ratio signal s mn   Ξ  (14) may be applied to the input of the PWM-transformer  68 . 
         [0206]    The analog calibration electronic signal u calib     —     lin   Ξ  with linearly-varying amplitude may be converted by the PWM-transformer  68  into variable-duration pulses with constant amplitude which may be used for driving the bistable polarization modulator  64 . 
         [0207]    A special feature of the procedure of obtaining the modulation function of bistable ratio polarization with pulse-width modulation of light flux intensity (e.g., see  FIG. 29 ) may include measuring the intensity of calibration optical pulses in the two formation windows W form   L .,W form   R . The high speed photo detectors  69 ,  70  may be used which outputs may be connected with the inputs of time integrators  71 ,  72 . The bistable optical modulator  64  may be controlled a calibration electronic signal u calib     —     lin   Ξ     —     Bi . This signal may be produced by the PWM-transformer  68  and may have the form of a sequence of control electric pulses with linearly-varying (linearly increasing) width. The role of the bistable optical modulator  64  may be to implement alternatively two mutually orthogonal polarization states of the light flux. One polarization state may correspond to the zero logical level of the amplitude of the control electric pulses. Another polarization state may correspond to the unit logical level of amplitude. For example, the PWM-transformer  68 , controlled by the first value u 1  of the analog calibration signal, may produce an electric pulse with a small width T 1 . The result may be the practically instant forming the vertical (relative to the plane of the drawing in  FIG. 30 ) polarization state of the light flux, produced by the bistable optical modulator  64 . Due to operation of polarization analyzers  65 ,  66  with mutually orthogonal polarization characteristics the short (with duration T 1 ) light pulse may appear in the left formation window and the long light pulse with complementary (T−T 1 ) duration may appear in the right formation window. 
         [0208]    In the next cycle, the PWM transformer  68 , controlled by the second analog calibration signal u calib     —     lin   Ξ  of value u 2  (where u 2 &gt;u 1 ), may produce an electric pulse with a greater width T 2 . Respectively, the light pulse of greater (with time T 2 ) duration may appear in the left formation window, and the light pulse of reduced duration T−T 2  may appear in the right observation window. After measurement of intensity of the optical pulses by photo detectors  69 ,  70 , the corresponding electronic signals may be applied to the inputs of time integrators  71 ,  72 . These integrators may be characterized by constant time T of integration relative to the pulse repetition period in the calibration electronic signal u calib     —     lin   Ξ . The electronic signals at the outputs of the time integrators  71 ,  72  may be analog ones. The envelopes of these signals may correspond to time-averaged calibration values of ratio components {tilde over (J)} calib   Ξ(L)  and {tilde over (J)} calib   Ξ(R)  (e.g., see  FIG. 31 , graph I 31 ) of the light flux intensity in the left and right formation windows respectively. Integration in time of the calibration intensity values makes it possible to obtain linearization using analog transfer functions, analog nonlinearity functions and analog linearization functions even in case of bistable ratio polarization modulation. These functions may be calculated using analog or digital electronic functional modules as it was done in another particular embodiments of the method in accordance with expressions (49), (50), (52). 
         [0209]    When viewing the stereo image during the operation of bistable polarization modulator  64 , the light pulses (linearly changing in width relative to a changing the ratio B mn   L /B mn   R ) may arrive to the formation windows W form   L ,W form   R  (to the observer&#39;s eyes located in observation windows W V   L ,W V   R ). The human vision may be characterized by short-term optical memory, which performs temporary integration of arriving light pulses. So, light pulses with constant level and variable duration may be perceived as a continuous light flux with intensity values proportional to the durations of the optical pulses with constant intensity level. Such condition takes place if the frequency of arrival of optical pulses to each eye of the observer may be higher than a critical value, for example, if the frequency of arrival of the pulses may not be below 50-60 hertz (such frame rate of television systems was selected to meet the same condition). Then, the light energy may be distributed between the two formation windows W form   L ,W form   R  according with temporal parameters of the bistable PWM. For example, the duration T mn  of the one light pulse (sent to the left formation window) may be directly proportional to the ratio B L   mn /B R   mn  at the same time another light pulse with duration of T−T mn  may be sent to the right formation window. If the optical pulse duration T mn  in the left observation window linearly increases, the left eye may perceive the equivalent linear increase of the light flux intensity, proportional to an increase in the ratio B L   mn /B R   mn  as a result of the time integrating property of the human vision. In the right observation window, the right eye may perceive a decrease of the time-averaged light flux intensity in accordance with the ratio B L   mn /B R   mn . The perceived time-averaged light flux intensity values may graphically correspond to straight lines which ordinates may be numerically equal to integrals over duration T (e.g. see  FIG. 31 , graph II 31 ). This means that the expression (19) may be fulfilled for the considered light flux intensities. Simultaneously, a sum modulation of the light flux component, which may be proportional to the sum B mn   L +B mn   R , may be implemented by the analog real-amplitude optical modulator  63  after the sum modulation linearization in accordance with expressions (7)-(10). Then, the expression (18) for light flux intensities in the observation windows may also be fulfilled, leading to fulfillment of the expression (20), i.e., to the desired separation of the views (to forming and observing a stereo image). 
         [0210]    When calculating nonlinearity functions, known characteristic of nonlinear perception by human vision of changes in image brightness (intensity of light fluxes entering the eyes) may be taken into account. 
         [0211]    The special feature of the embodiments of the method with glasses-free observation may be that measuring of intensity calibration values may be implemented in the formation zones Z form   L , Z form   L  (instead of the formation windows W form   L , W form   R  in the first embodiment of the method). 
         [0212]    In all considered embodiments of the method a nonlinear interaction between the physical parameters of Σ-modulation and Ξ-modulation may be absent. It allows the use of separate (mutually independent) calibration procedures for each kind of modulation. The result of each independent procedure may be one-dimensional linearization function of Σ-modulation and one-dimensional linearization function of Ξ-modulation, which arguments may be the values only of their own calibration signals for Σ-modulation and Ξ-modulation. 
         [0213]    The absence of nonlinear interaction in the first, second, third and fifth embodiments of the method may be caused by differences in physical parameters of Σ-modulation and Ξ-modulation of the light flux (light wave). The real-amplitude modulation may be used for Σ-modulation and the polarization or spectral modulation may be used for Ξ-modulation. In the fourth particular embodiment of the method, the same kind of modulation (the diffraction modulation) may be used for both Σ-modulation and Ξ-modulation. The nonlinear interaction may be absent here as a result of using two mutually orthogonal directions in space for implementing Σ-modulation and Ξ-modulation. 
         [0214]    On the contrary, using the same degree of freedom of the space of the modulation parameters for realization both Σ-modulation and Ξ-modulation may lead to their nonlinear interaction. The nature of the interaction may be determined by the concrete physical mechanism of operation of the sum (uniform-effect) optical modulator and/or the ratio (difference-effect) optical modulator. 
         [0215]    The sixth embodiment of the method comprises: 
         [0216]    providing a combined (real-amplitude and polarization) optical modulator  73  (e.g., see  FIG. 32 ) for combined modulating a real amplitude A and a polarization state P of the light flux to implement a combined sum modulation Σ{A; P} in the form of a real-amplitude sum modulation as a main sum modulation in combination with a polarization modulation as a concomitant sum modulation; 
         [0217]    providing a polarization modulator  74  for modulating the polarization state P of the light flux to implement a ratio polarization modulation Ξ{P} as a main ratio modulation; 
         [0218]    providing polarization analyzers  75 ,  76  with complementary polarization characteristics for converting a ratio polarization modulation conversion C{P→J) into the corresponding variations of the ratio component of the flux light intensity and a concomitant sum polarization modulation in the corresponding variations of the total intensity of the light flux. 
         [0219]    The special feature of the sixth embodiment of the method may be the presence of two (main A and concomitant P) physical parameters of Σ-modulation, where the concomitant Σ-modulation parameter (polarization state of the light flux) may be similar to the main parameter of Ξ-modulation. By definition the main parameter of Σ-modulation (or Ξ-modulation) may be such one that may be purposefully used for calculating the sum (or the ratio) of the values of the brightness of the left and right views. The form of the information signal s mn   Σ  (or s mn   Ξ ), applied to the control input of Σ-modulator (or Ξ-modulator) allows to achieve the required characteristics of the main parameter of Σ-modulation (or Ξ-modulation). The concomitant parameter of Σ-modulation (or Ξ-modulation) may be such physical parameter of the light flux (light wave), presence of which may not be necessary for calculating the sum (or the ratio) of values of the brightness of the left and right views, but its presence may be caused by particular features of concrete implementation of Σ-modulator (or Ξ-modulator). 
         [0220]    In the sixth embodiment of the method, the presence of the concomitant polarization modulation in Σ-modulation may lead to the appearance of asymmetry in the graphs of the calibration intensity values of the sum component of the light flux intensity between the two formation windows W form   L , W form   R  (e.g., see  FIG. 35 ) in case of implementation of a separate calibration procedure for Σ-modulation. This may be the fundamental difference from calibration procedures in the absence of the concomitant Σ-modulation. During implementation of the calibration of Σ-modulation, the presence of the concomitant polarization P modulation may be equivalent to having additional ratio modulated calibration components J calib   Ξ(L) {P} (graph I 35 ) and J calib   Ξ(R) {P} (graph II 35 ) in the left W form   L  and right W form   R  formation windows accordingly (e.g., see  FIG. 35 ). Absence of polarization P modulation may lead to symmetrical calibration curves J calib   Σ(L) {A} (graph III 35 ) and J calib   Σ(R) {A} (graph IV 35 ) in the corresponding formation windows. The graph V 35 , VI 35 , VII 35  and VIII 35  illustrate the appearance of the asymmetry in the calibration intensities values. The graph V 35  and graph VII 35  may be the intermediate sketches corresponding to normalization i.e., to halving the initial values of intensities J calib   Σ {A} and J calib   Ξ {P}. The graph VI 35  and graph VII 35  (e.g., see  FIG. 35 ) shows the final calibration curves of light intensities in the left and right formation windows as a result of summation of the corresponding normalized curves. In each formation window, the resulting calibration intensity values (corresponding to a nonlinearity of Σ-modulation) may be obtained using transformation P→I of the concomitant polarization P modulation. 
         [0221]    The concomitant Σ-modulation parameter may also serve as the main parameter for the Ξ-modulation. To restore the symmetry of the graphs for Σ-modulation, the joint calibration procedure for Σ-modulation and Ξ-modulation may be implemented. After this Σ-modulation symmetry may be restored due to mutual compensation of polarization parameters of the concomitant Σ-modulation and Ξ-modulation. The received assemblage of the compensating values of Ξ-modulation polarization calibration parameter may be the assemblage of the starting points of the main Ξ-modulation component. Such starting point may be different for each value of the control signal amplitude. The joint calibration procedure may lead to the two-dimensional function describing the calibration intensity values J calib   Ξ{Σ} (u calib   Ξ ; u calib   Σ ) of Ξ-modulation nonlinearity, which may become a function of two variables, namely, of its own ratio calibration signal u calib   Ξ  and of crossed sum calibration signal u calib   Σ . 
         [0222]    The scheme of observing stereo images using linearization function Λ Σ     —     A     —     P  of combined Σ{A; P} sum modulation nonlinearity and linearization function Λ Ξ     —     P  of ratio polarization nonlinearity (e.g., see  FIG. 32 ) comprises a sum optical modulator  73 , a ratio optical modulator  74  and two polarization analyzers  75 ,  76 . The corresponding scheme of joint calibration (e.g., see  FIG. 33 ) may have photo detectors  77 ,  78  to determine the calibration values of light intensity. In the scheme of observing stereo images, the initial sum signal u mn   Σ  and initial ratio signal u mn   Ξ  may be applied to the inputs of the electronic functional modules  78  and  79  accordingly. During a joint calibration procedure, two sets of calibration values may be stored in the memory of the electronic functional module  79 , and compensating values of the signal u calib   Σ  may be determined for each resolvable value of the signal u calib   Σ  amplitude. Then, the separate calibration procedure for Ξ-modulation may be implemented with using the stored values of the calibration signal of Ξ-modulation as the initial values for calibration of the main Ξ-modulation only. One set J calib   Σ     —     A (u calib   Σ ) (relating to Σ-modulation) may be one-dimensional. This set may be used for calculating the one-dimensional nonlinearity function and the one-dimensional linearization function of Σ-modulation in accordance with relations (26), (27). Another set J calib   Ξ{Σ} (u calib   Ξ ; u calib   Σ ) of calibration values may be two-dimensional (represented, for example, by selection of data from the table in  FIG. 34 ). This set may be used for calculating the two-dimensional nonlinearity function and the linearization function of the Ξ-modulation. The obtained linearization functions may be data for the transfer functions which may be set for electronic functional modules  78  and  79 . The latter may have two inputs, one for inputting its own Ξ-modulation information signal, the other for inputting the cross Ξ-modulation information signal. 
         [0223]    In the seventh embodiment of the method the calibration scheme (e.g., see  FIG. 36 ) may comprise an amplitude polarization modulator  80  for implementation of main real-amplitude modulation and concomitant polarization modulation as components of the combined Σ{A, P}-modulation). An amplitude polarization modulator  81  may be used for implementation of main polarization modulation and concomitant real-amplitude modulation as components of the combined Ξ{P, A}-modulation. Both of the Σ{A, P}-modulation and Ξ{P, A)-modulation may be converted by polarization analyzers  82 ,  83  into corresponding variations of intensity in the left and right formation windows. The corresponding calibration signals may be applied to the control inputs of the combined (real-amplitude and polarization) modulator  80  and combined (real-amplitude and polarization) modulator  81 . The photo detectors  82   1  and  83   1  may allow for determining the calibration values of light intensity. 
         [0224]    Joint calibration procedures may be necessary to obtain the two-dimensional function of Σ-modulation nonlinearity and two-dimensional function of Ξ-modulation nonlinearity. Corresponding two-dimensional linearization function 
         [0000]    
       
         
           
             
               ∑ 
               j 
             
              
             
               Λ 
               j 
               Σ 
             
           
         
       
     
         [0000]    of Σ-modulation and two-dimensional linearization function 
         [0000]    
       
         
           
             
               ∑ 
               j 
             
              
             
               Λ 
               j 
               Ξ 
             
           
         
       
     
         [0000]    of Ξ-modulation may be calculated and used as the transfer functions of the electronic functional modules  84 ,  85  (e.g., see  FIG. 37 ), and each of them may have two inputs for this. Each of linearization functions 
         [0000]    
       
         
           
             
               ∑ 
               j 
             
              
             
               Λ 
               j 
               Ξ 
             
           
         
       
     
         [0000]    and 
         [0000]    
       
         
           
             
               ∑ 
               j 
             
              
             
               Λ 
               j 
               Ξ 
             
           
         
       
     
         [0000]    may be two-dimensional (e.g., see  FIG. 38 ). The linearization function 
         [0000]    
       
         
           
             
               ∑ 
               j 
             
              
             
               Λ 
               j 
               Σ 
             
           
         
       
     
         [0000]    of the combined sum modulation nonlinearity may have definite value Λ j   Σ  for each value of the linearization function Λ j   Ξ  of the combined ratio modulation nonlinearity (and vice versa). 
         [0225]    In a general case, Σ-modulation and/or Ξ-modulation may be characterized by the assemblage of various parameters. Some of them may relate to the main parameters, while the remaining ones may relate to the concomitant parameters. To account for the interaction of the corresponding Σ-modulation and/or Ξ-modulation parameters, joint calibration procedures may be used for all pairs of interacting parameters. As a result, the multidimensional functions of nonlinearity and the corresponding linearization functions of the Σ-modulation and/or Ξ-modulation may be calculated. 
         [0226]    The first embodiment of the device for forming and observing stereo images with maximum resolution may comprise a stereo video signal source  86  (e.g., see  FIG. 39 ), the first  87  and second  88  electronic functional modules, an optical source  89  and sequentially located on the same optical axis a sum optical modulator  90 , that may be electrically addressed in M rows and N columns, a ratio optical modulator  91 , that may be electrically addressed in M rows and N columns, a N column-addressed spatially-selective optical converter  92 , that may be electrically addressed in N columns. The optical states of the working medium in adjacent (2k−1) and 2k columns of the ratio optical modulator  91  may be complementary. The N column-addressed spatially-selective optical converter  92  may have the first and second complementary states of the working medium between its adjacent (2i−1) and 2i columns. The aperture of an mn th  element of the sum optical modulator  90  may be optically coupled with an aperture of the mn th  element of the ratio optical modulator  91 , wherein n=1, 2, . . . , N, m=1, 2, . . . , M, i=1, 2, . . . , N, k=1, 2, . . . , N. 
         [0227]    The axis of symmetry of the left formation zone Z form   L  may be the common intersection line of the first group of N planes, wherein the first N/2 planes of the first group may pass through the axes of symmetry of the odd (2k−1) columns of the N column-addressed spatially-selective optical converter  92  and through the axes of symmetry of the even 2i columns of the electrically controlled ratio optical modulator  91 , whereas the second N/2 planes of the first group may pass through the axes of symmetry of the even 2k columns of the N column-addressed spatially-selective optical converter  92  and through the axes of symmetry of the odd (2i−1) columns of the electrically controlled ratio optical modulator  91 ; and the axis of symmetry of the right formation zone Z form   R  may be the common intersection line of second group of N planes, wherein the first N/2 planes of the second group may pass through the axes of symmetry of the even 2k columns of the N column-addressed spatially-selective optical converter  92  and through the axes of symmetry of the even 2i columns of the electrically controlled ratio optical modulator  91 , whereas the second N/2 planes of the second group may pass through the axes of symmetry of the odd (2k−1) columns of the N column-addressed spatially-selective optical converter  92  and through the axes of symmetry of the odd (2i−1) columns of the electrically controlled ratio optical modulator  91 . 
         [0228]    The transfer function T Σ  of first electronic functional module  87  may be the inverse function of the transfer function Φ ch     —     1  of the first optoelectronic channel: 
         [0000]        T   Σ   =F   −1 {Φ ch     —     1 }.  (54)
 
         [0229]    The input the first optoelectronic channel may be the control input of the electrically controlled sum optical modulator  90 . The output of the first optoelectronic channel may be either of the left or right formation zones Z form   L  or Z form   R . 
         [0230]    The first optoelectronic channel of the device may be by definition the optoelectronic channel for the sum modulation transmitting (e.g., see  FIGS. 3 and 4 ). The transfer function Φ ch     —     1  of the first optoelectronic channel may be the values of the light intensity in either of the left Z form   L  or right Z form   R  formation zones, divided by the amplitude of the control signal at the input of electrically controlled sum optical modulator  90 . So, the transfer function Φ ch     —     1  of the first optoelectronic channel may be equal to the calibration function Φ Σ  of the sum modulation which may be determined during the corresponding calibration procedure of the first optoelectronic channel. In accordance with it the transfer function T Σ  of first electronic functional module  87  may be equal to the linearization function Λ Σ  of the sum modulation. 
         [0231]    The transfer function T Ξ  of second electronic functional module  88  may be the inverse function of the transfer function Φ ch     —     2  of the second optoelectronic channel: 
         [0000]        T   Ξ   =F   −1 {Φ ch     —     2 }.  (55)
 
         [0232]    The input of the second optoelectronic channel may be the control input of the electrically controlled ratio modulator  91 . The outputs of the second optoelectronic channel may be both left and right formation zones Z form   L  and Z form   R . The second optoelectronic channel of the device may be by definition the optoelectronic channel for the ratio modulation transmitting (e.g., see  FIGS. 3 and 4 ). The transfer function Φ ch     —     2  of the second optoelectronic channel may be the ratio of the values of the light intensity in the left Z form   L  formation zone to the light intensity in right Z form   R  formation zones, divided by the amplitude of the control signal at the input of the electrically controlled ratio optical modulator  91 . So, the transfer function Φ ch     —     2  of the second optoelectronic channel may be equal to the calibration function Φ Ξ  of the ratio modulation which may be determined during the corresponding calibration procedure of the second optoelectronic channel. In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, the transfer function T Ξ  of the second electronic functional module  88  may be equal to the linearization function Λ Ξ  of the ratio modulation. 
         [0233]    The characteristic (function) of transition between two arbitrary complementary optical states may be characterized by a single value of function for each value of the argument. 
         [0234]    The initial optical state of the working medium of the sum optical modulator  90  may be the same for its each element Σ mn  (e.g., see  FIG. 41 ). The initial states of the working medium of the ratio optical modulator may be complementary in adjacent columns n and (n+1), which contain, for example, elements Ξ mn  and Ξ mn(n+1) * (e.g., see  FIG. 42 ), and in adjacent columns C 1n  and C 1(n+1) * of the N column-addressed spatially-selective optical converter  92  (e.g., see  FIG. 43 ). 
         [0235]    The first embodiment of the device operates according with the corresponding embodiment of the method. The first calibration function Φ (1)   Σ  of the sum modulation nonlinearity may be equal to the transfer function Φ ch     —     1  of the first optoelectronic channel. The first linearization function Λ (1)   Σ  of the sum modulation may be equal to the transfer function T Σ  of electronic functional module  87 . The first calibration function Φ (1)   Ξ  of the ratio modulation nonlinearity may be equal to the transfer function Φ ch     —     2  of the second optoelectronic channel. The first linearization function Λ (1)   Ξ  of ratio modulation may be the transfer function T Ξ  of the electronic functional module  87 . 
         [0236]    The linearization procedure of transfer functions of the first and second optoelectronic channels of the device may be implemented in accordance with the graphic dependences, represented in  FIGS. 10 ,  11 ,  13  and  14 , with the schematic diagram shown in  FIG. 18  and with a diagram for calculating linearization functions according to the example shown in  FIG. 9 . The linearized device may operate in accordance with expressions (26), (27). So, the desired separation of the stereo image views may be followed in accordance with expression (20). 
         [0237]    The optical state S of the working medium may be described by a generalized complex function of the form: 
         [0000]        S=K exp(− i Θ),  (56)
 
         [0000]    where K may be real-amplitude transmission (absorption) coefficient, Θ may be the generalized phase. The physical meaning of Θ may be determined by the chosen optical characteristic of the working medium which may be responsible for forming the transfer function of the optoelectronic channel of the device. Two complementary optical states may be mutually opposite, and in each specific case it may take the concrete form. In one case, two complementary optical states of the working medium (initial state S and complementary state S*) may correspond to two complex conjugate values of function (56), where S*=Kexp (iΘ). But complementary properties may be caused not only by mutually opposite signs of generalized phase Θ, but may be presented by two extreme values of real amplitude transmission coefficient K. In case of variations of the real-amplitude transmission coefficient only (if the generalized phase Θ may be equal to 0), two complementary optical states may correspond to maximum and minimum values K of optical transmission. For example, the maximum value of the real-amplitude absorption coefficient of the light flux may be complementary to its minimum (zero) value when using polarization converters (analyzers) with mutually orthogonal polarization characteristics. The value of K may be spectrally dependent (be a function of the light wavelength λ) or dependent on the value of angle to the normal of the surface of the sum optical modulator  90  or the ratio optical modulator  91  (for an angle-selective working medium). In case of optically anisotropic working medium, when Θ=2πδ, wherein δ may be the phase delay between ordinary and extraordinary rays, two complementary optical states may correspond to two δ values, which may differ by π/2. In case of optically active medium Θ φ =φ, wherein φ may be the angle of optical activity, change of optical state may correspond to a change of the angular position of the polarization state (described by plane polarization or elliptic polarization). Two complementary optical states may correspond to two values of φ that differ by 90°. In case of working medium with controlled optical thickness the generalized phase Θ d,λ =2λdn/λ, wherein d may be the physical thickness value, n may be the refractive index value of the working medium. In case of linear polarization the complementary values of the anisotropic optical thickness of the ratio optical modulator may be the thickness values corresponding to zero and 180° (differing by the value π) initial phase shifts between ordinary and extraordinary rays in the working medium. In case of circular polarization a ratio modulation implementation may correspond to zero and 90° (π/2) values of initial phase shift of light polarization between the formation windows. Any values that may be multiples of the phase shift by the value of 2π, may be algebraically added to the phase shift values in all cases without affecting the resulting complementary optical states. 
         [0238]    The sum optical modulator, ratio optical modulator and optical converter may be mutually interchanged in the method and device along the direction of propagation of the light flux (along the optical axis of the device). In the corresponding particular embodiments the operations of the sum modulating, ratio modulating and optical conversion (spatial selection) of spatial optical signals may be invariant relative to the interchanging owing to universality of the calibration procedures of linearization of optoelectronic channels. 
         [0239]    The second embodiment of the device (characterized by inversed order of arrangement of the optical components in comparison with the first embodiment of the device) may comprise sequentially arranged along the optical axis an optical source  93  (e.g., see  FIGS. 44 and 45 ), a N column-addressed spatially-selective optical converter  94 , a ratio optical modulator  95  and a sum optical modulator  96 . The optical source  93  may be in the form of sequentially arranged a parabolic reflector  93   1 , a point light source  93   2 , located in the focus of the parabolic reflector  93   1 , and a transmissive-reflective (transflective) layer  93   3  of cholesteric LC with circular twisting of molecules. The working medium of the N column-addressed spatially-selective optical converter  94  may be an electrically addressable birefringent LC layer with phase delay values of π/2 and 3π/2 in adjacent (2i−1) and 2i columns respectively. The working medium of the ratio optical modulator  95  may be an electrically addressable layer with phase delay values of 0 and π in the adjacent (2k−1) and 2k columns. This layer may be adjacent to the first linear polarizer  97 . The working medium of a sum optical modulator  96  may be an electrically addressable 90°-twisting LC layer. This layer may be adjacent to the second linear polarizer  98 , which polarization direction may be orthogonal to the polarization direction of the first linear polarizer  97 . Each of two electrically addressable LC layers may be arranged between two transparent electrodes  99 ,  100 . A voltage LC u control  may be applied to these electrodes to control the optical state of a layer. 
         [0240]    The device may work as follows. The optical source  93  may produce a circularly polarized light wave (for example, with left hand rotation of the polarization plane). The considered implementation of optical source  93  may allow close to 100% efficiency of conversion of not polarized light (emanating from the point source  93   2 ) into circularly polarized light. For the definiteness the transflective layer  93   3  of the cholesteric LC may pass only the left hand circularly polarized component of the light flux. The remaining components of the light flux may be reflected from the layer  93   3  of the cholesteric LC back to reflector  93   1 . After reflection from the reflector  93   1  the original direction of circulation of light may be reversed. So, the iterative procedure of conversion of not polarized light into left hand circular light with a small absorption of its energy may take place. After passing through the N column-addressed spatially-selective optical converter  94 , the left hand circular polarized light wave may be split into N light beams. Any pair of adjacent 2i and 2i−1 light beams (passing through 2i and 2i−1 columns of the N column-addressed spatially-selective optical converter  94  respectively) may be characterized by mutually orthogonal directions of the polarization vector of the light wave. The orthogonality of two directions of polarization may be caused by π/2 and 3π/2 phase shifts between ordinary and extraordinary rays in the adjacent (2i and 2i−1) column segments of the working medium. In the initial state, the working medium of the ratio optical modulator  95  may be characterized by phase shift values 0 and π in the adjacent segments corresponding to columns 2k−1 and 2k. Therefore, in the initial state of the device the sum optical modulator  96  may be opened as its working medium layer in all of its mn th  elements ensures 90°-twist of the linear polarization plane of the passed through light wave, when zero control voltage may be at the control input in dir   Σ . The left formation zone Z form   L  may receive the light fluxes passed through the columns (2i−1) of the N column-addressed spatially-selective optical converter  94  and through the columns (2k−1) of the ratio optical modulator  95 . Also, the left formation zone Z form   L  may receive the light fluxes passed through the columns 2i of the N column-addressed spatially-selective optical converter  94  and through the columns 2k of the ratio optical modulator  95 . All these beams may be passed through because the light linear polarization may be parallel with the polarization axis linear polarizer  97  for all considered optical paths. In the initial state of the device, the light beams may not get in the right formation zone Z form   R . For all combinations of i and k, corresponding to the optical paths leading to the right formation zone Z form   R , the polarization of the passed through light beam may be orthogonal to the direction of the polarization axis of linear polarizer  97 . When a calibration electronic signal u calib     —     lin   Ξ  (which amplitude may be linearly increased from 0 to the maximum value) may be applied to the control input in dir   Ξ  of the ratio optical modulator  95 , a light intensity reduction (up to complete extinction) may occur in the left formation window Z form   L . Also, the corresponding light intensity increase (up to the maximum value) may occur in the right formation window Z form   R . This may be a result of changing phase delay values in the segments of the working medium of the ratio optical modulator  95  (changing π→2π=0 for a column 2k and changing 0→π for a column 2k−1). This means that the ratio optical modulator  95  may be the difference-effect optical modulator for implementing the ratio modulation whereas a ratio compensating signal comp u mn   Ξ     —     comp  may be applied to the control input in dir   Ξ  of ratio optical modulator  95 . Before this the calibration procedure may be implemented for the ratio modulation corresponding to calibration procedure for the first optoelectronic channel which input may be the control input in dir   Ξ  of ratio optical modulator  95 , and the outputs of the first optoelectronic channel may be both formation zones. The schematic diagrams shown in  FIGS. 16-18  illustrate the required calibration procedure. The expressions (26), (27) may be used for calculating the transfer function T Σ , which may be the inverse function of the nonlinearity function Φ ch     —     1  of the first optoelectronic channel with substitution of the function Φ ch     —     1  instead of the function Φ Σ . The result may be the transfer function T Σ  (instead of the linearization function Λ Σ ). 
         [0241]    When applying the calibration electronic signal u calib     —     lin   Ξ  to the control input in dir   Σ  of the sum optical modulator  96 , the latter may operate as a uniform-effect modulator causing identical (having the same sign and value) variations in the light flux intensity in both formation windows. Analogously, the linearization function of the second optoelectronic channel may be determined in accordance with expressions (28), (29), where the function Φ ch     —     2  may be substituted instead of nonlinearity function Φ Ξ . Then, the result of calculating may be the transfer function T Ξ  instead of linearization function Λ Σ . A sum modulation may be implemented when the electronic compensating signal u mn   Σ     —     comp  may be applied to the control input in dir   Σ  of the sum optical modulator  96 . 
         [0242]    A color stereo image may be realized in the method and the device if to create a spatial triad of adjacent color image elements R, G, B in each mn th  element of the sum or ratio optical modulators. Each color pixel may have individual matrix addressing (triple number of address columns may be used in each of matrix-addressed optical modulators in comparison with a black and white image). The calibration procedures may be the same as the case of black-and-white images. 
         [0243]    Concrete examples of the implementation of the sum optical modulator, ratio optical modulator and optical converters in the method and device (in their particular embodiments) may be determined essentially by the type and structure of the working medium. 
         [0244]    It may be preferable to use LC material as the working medium. On this basis, it may be possible to implement all optical components in the method and device. Such a solution also allows to mutually compensate a chromatic dispersion of LC media (leading to corresponding increase in the dynamic range of the stereo image) in mutually mirror-symmetric LC structures. The most useful working medium in LC imaging matrices may be a nematic LC material. It allows to implement the electrically controlled birefringent (with ECB effect) structures (S-, B-cells) [e.g., see Ref. 3] or optically active (twist- or T-cells, super-twist cells) structures with different twist angles α, in which the electrically controlled optical activity (ECOA) effect may be used. The LC media with positive sign of dielectric anisotropy (Δ∈&gt;0) may be implemented as homogeneously oriented structures (e.g., see  FIG. 46 ). In such structures, LC molecules may be initially oriented (at zero strength E of the control electric field) along the plane of the LC layer, wherein Δ∈=∈ e =∈ o , wherein ∈ e  and ∈ o  may be the dielectric permeability of the LC layer for extraordinary and ordinary rays. The change of the strength E of the control electric field may be caused by application of control voltage u control  to transparent electrodes  101 ,  102 . In case of the ECB effect, such control may cause the change of the Δ∈ value, leading to phase or polarization modulation (depending on the orientation of input polarizer  103 ) of the light flux passing through an nematic LC cell. In case of polarization modulation, the latter may be converted into light intensity variations after passing through the polarization analyzer  104 . In case of the ECOA effect, such control may cause the rotation of the polarization plane, and the most useful initial rotation values may be 90°, 180°, 270°. In case of the ECB effect, the initial and final rotation angles may be always equal to 0. The main disadvantage of LC cells with the ECB effect may not be sufficient contrast of image (no more than 30-40:1) because of chromatic dispersion of LC material. The main disadvantage of LC cells with ECOA may be small viewing angles (drop in image contrast for the viewing field angles over)20-30°. To obtain a high contrast (several hundred to one) image in combination with wide viewing angles (up to 120° and more), the complicated LC structures [e.g., see Ref. 4] with homogeneous orientation may be used (e.g., see  FIG. 47 ). Such ones may be IPS (in-plane switching), FFS (fringe-field switching) with Δ∈&gt;0, or homeotropic structures with vertical alignment of LC molecules (VA-structures). The VA structures may be characterized by negative sign of dielectric anisotropy (Δ∈&lt;0). The modifications of VA structures may be poly-domain structures with vertical orientation (MVA—multi-domain VA), PVA (protrusion-type VA), where several variously oriented domains may correspond to one element of LC structure. Each domain may ensure the required angular characteristic of representation in own solid angle. In all these nematic LC structures, the different combinations of ECB and ECOA effects may be used, controlled by complex configurations of the electric field lines E. Besides the analog structures, the bistable (multi-stable) LC structures may also be used. For example, effects of zenithal and azimuthal bistability (e.g., see  FIG. 48 ) may be caused by the appropriate form to one of control electrodes  105 . It may lead to the appearance of two or more low energy levels (equally favorable in energy) for several configurations of LC molecules within one layer. It allows having the different discrete configurations of the LC layer by applying a required control voltage. The flexoelectric effect may be used in surface-stabilized LC layers on the asymmetric surface of control electrode  105 . One of most promising bistable LC structures may be a ferroelectric LC structure (e.g., see  FIG. 49 ), that may be characterized by spontaneous polarization. The smectic-C*LC structure may have chiral layers of LC molecules, in which the LC director (direction of preferred orientation of LC layer) may be inclined to the planes of layers. It finally creates reflecting and twisting asymmetry in LC layers, leading to appearance of spontaneous polarization and to formation of LC domains  106  with definite polarization direction P. A control voltage change above the threshold value (E&gt;E th ) may produce a sharp change in the polarization direction P. 
         [0245]    The linear polarizer  103  and the polarization analyzer  104  may be implemented within the LC layer, for example, in the form of a thin crystalline film [e.g., see Ref. 6], or with use of polarizing lyotropic LC [e.g., see Ref. 7]. 
         [0246]    In the absence of the polarization analyzer  104 , all the considered analog LC structures may be used as the base cells for phase-polarization ratio modulation, for example, in the first, second and fifth embodiments of the method and for realization of the optical converter in the first and second embodiments of the device. A bistable ferroelectric LC structure may be used for implementing a pulse-width optical ratio modulation in the fifth embodiment of the method. In this case, the switching speeds may be orders of microseconds or tens of microseconds and operating switching frequencies may be about kHz or tens of kHz. This provides (with a reserve) a flicker-less fused perception of stereo images by a human vision. 
         [0247]    The result of the influence of any (arbitrary complex) anisotropic optical structure on the light wave may be possible to describe by influence of a combination of equivalent optical activity plate and phase shift plate. These phase plate and optical activity plate may be characterized by arbitrary orientations of optical axes and by arbitrary values of optical delay and optical activity angle. All possible polarization values of the passing through light flux may be determined geometrically on a Poincaré sphere [e.g., see Ref. 5]. The Poincaré sphere may show all possible orientations of a polarization ellipse (e.g., see  FIG. 50 ). The ellipticity χ of the polarization ellipse may be determined only by the value of the equivalent phase shift δ. The angular orientation of the polarization ellipse may be determined by the combination of the values of the angles ψ and φ. The angle ψ may be determined by the equivalent value of the phase shift δ. The value of φ may be determined by the degree of equivalent optical activity. 
         [0248]    Therefore, the invention may be applicable to all possible birefringent and optically active (including LC) structures using as phase-polarization modulators for implementing the ratio modulation. Optical anisotropic compensation films with required spectral and diffraction characteristics may allow expanding the angular field of view and to improve image contrast due to compensation of the dispersion of the refractive index gradient of the LC medium. Thereby the birefringent optical elements with focusing properties may be used (for example, polarization micro lenses). It allows adjusting the position of the observation zones along the z axis. In this case, the electric field gradient along the boundary of the transparent electrode may be used for adjusting the focal length. The latter may be done by adjusting the refractive index and the optical thickness of the layer of working medium. During the calibration procedures, the diffraction and spectral characteristic of optical compensation films and the refraction properties of the focusing optical layer (distribution of refractive index along the layer) may be automatically taken in account. 
         [0249]    Any of the considered LC structures may be used (if the polarization analyzer  104  may be present) for implementing a real-amplitude (direct) sum modulation in the method and device. But, the presence of the polarizer  103  (necessary for the proper functioning of the considered single-crystal LC structures) may lead to a 50% loss of light energy in case of not polarized light wave source. To implement a polaroid-less real-amplitude light modulation it may be possible to use, for example, an electrically controlled LC grating  107  (e.g., see  FIG. 51 ) with a period d, comparable with the light wavelength λ. Such grating may be characterized by a variable scattering coefficient of light flux in a direction orthogonal to the LC layer surface. In particular, the different kinds of LC medium dispersed in polymeric matrices PDLC (polymer-dispersed liquid crystal) may be used for this purpose. The drops of LC material may be impregnated in the polymer layer  108  (e.g., see  FIG. 52 ) to form a controlled diffraction grating. It may scatter the light at zero control voltage u control  and may pass through the light at the control voltage value, corresponding to matching the refractive index n LC  of the LC medium and the refractive index of the polymer material. Such LC structures may be used for implementation of the sum modulation in all the embodiments of the method and device wherein the concomitant sum modulation may be absent. For implementing a direct ratio modulation in the form of intensity variations (as the difference-effect optical modulator), a beam-splitting optical element  109  (e.g., see  FIG. 53 ) may be used. A polarized or not polarized input light beam may be directed on the face of the beam-splitting optical element  109  at different angles up to achievement of the total internal reflection (TIR). The reflected and transmitted light beams may be formed at the outputs of the beam-splitting optical element  109  as result of a combination of the refractive and reflective effects. Total intensity of both output beams, in the first approximation, may be equal to the intensity of the input light beam. The difference between intensity values of two output beams may be determined by the angle of incidence of the input light beam to the face of the beam-splitting optical element  109  [e.g., see Ref. 5]. 
         [0250]    The role of optical converters (including optical spatially-selective converters) in case of the direct sum and/or ratio modulation may be to pass through without change the corresponding sum component and/or the ratio component of light flux intensity. Also, optical converters may allow setting limits of the dynamic range of image brightness change or to correct the intermediate light intensity values to reach the monotonic behavior of transfer characteristics. 
         [0251]    To increase the optical efficiency, a polaroid-less LC structure with the “guest-host” effect also may be used. In such a structure, the light intensity modulation may be implemented due to direct light absorption by dichroic dye molecules, introduced in the LC layer. The orientation of the dichroic dye molecules (and, correspondingly, the real-amplitude transmission coefficient of the light flux) may be changed due to changing the orientation of LC molecules under influence of the control electric field. This type of working medium may create concomitant polarization modulation, and may be used, for example, in the six and seventh embodiments of the method. 
         [0252]    Variable real-amplitude transmission coefficient K may also be obtained, for example, using dynamic scattering effect in LC, electrowetting effect or electrochromic effect or using another electrically initiated optical effects. It may also be possible to use various light-generating matrix structures as the real-amplitude sum modulators, functionally combined with the optical source. Such ones may be, for example, any plasma- or light-emitting-diode (including OLED—organic light-emitting diode) panels. 
         [0253]    In the second embodiment of the method, the sum and ratio optical modulators and the optical converter may be implemented with use of comb optical analyzers in the form of different interference, diffraction, holographic structures, electro-photo-chromic materials, photonic crystals (optical structures with a periodic change of dielectric constant along the optical axis). The line (discrete) spectrum of light flux may be obtained, for example, using a multilayer interference analyzer as a part of a light flux source. Deposited multilayer interference analyzers may also be the examples of concrete implementation of a comb spectral analyzer. Using a line optical spectrum with spectral line width of several tens of nanometers makes it possible to attain normal brightness and color reproduction of stereo images. 
         [0254]    In the fourth embodiment of the method, the sum and ratio optical modulators may be in the form of volume or surface acoustooptic modulators. The louver optical converter may be in the form of three-dimensional holographic gratings (including polarization holographic ones), or in the form of micro structures implemented by the method of the routed spraying. 
         [0255]    The working medium of optical modulators may have a composite layer structure, which may include adjacent layers of different types or a mixture of working mediums of different types in one layer. Thereby the optical compensation layers may be used in the optical structure either of the sum or ratio optical modulators, and also in the structure of the optical converter (spatially-selective optical converter). Such optical compensation allows achieving the maximum viewing angle and/or maximum dynamic range in the formed image. According to one aspect of the present invention, all the properties of the optical compensating layers may be automatically taken in account during the linearization calibration procedure. So, any possible nonlinearity function of any of the layers may be automatically included in the general nonlinearity function of the optoelectronic channels. 
         [0256]    For implementation of the present invention, it may be possible to use any physically realizable optical structure with two or more complementary optical states with transition function between them describing by an arbitrary unambiguous physically realizable function. 
         [0257]    The control, information, calibration signals and matrix addressing signals may be not only the electronic ones. They may be the signals of other physical nature. To obtain a signal of the required physical nature, it may be sufficient to use a corresponding converter of the signal. 
         [0258]    While the invention has been described with reference to an exemplary embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes can be made and equivalents can be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications can be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from the essential scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiment disclosed as the best mode contemplated for carrying out this invention, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.