Abstract:
For a small sensor produced through a MEMS process, when an electrode pad, wiring, or a shield layer is formed in a final step, it is difficult to nondestructively investigate whether a structure for sensing a physical quantity has been processed satisfactorily. In the present invention, in a physical quantity sensor formed from an MEMS structure, in a structure in which a surface electrode having through wiring is formed on the surface of an electrode substrate and the periphery thereof is insulated, forming a shield layer comprising a metallic material on the surface of the electrode substrate in a planar view and providing a space for internal observation inside the shield layer makes it possible to check for internal defects.

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
       [0001]    The present invention relates to a structure a physical quantity sensor used for measuring a physical quantity and especially relates to a structure of a physical quantity sensor using a MEMS device such as a sensor to detect an acceleration, a sensor to detect an angular rate, a pressure sensor, and an optical switch. 
       BACKGROUND ART 
       [0002]    In recent years, by development of a refining technique by a MEMS technique, various sensors which measure a physical quantity such as an acceleration and an angular rate and include such as a silicon material and a glass material. 
         [0003]    A physical quantity sensor using the MEMS technique can advantageously form a structure with a high aspect ratio (a ratio between an opening width and a processing depth) in comparison with a semiconductor device. In addition, a three-dimensional structure and a movable structure including silicon by a dry etching method using a reactive ion etching (RIE) device using an induction coupled plasma (ICP) system which can form a groove with a high aspect ratio, and therefore, in comparison with machining, each type structure with high processing accuracy can be formed. Such a minute movable structure can be driven by a static electricity. Therefore, a shield structure is needed to accurately control the minute structure or to detect a physical quantity. Further, it is important to confirm whether the minute structure is processed according to a design size. 
         [0004]    As a physical quantity sensor using such the MEMS technique, a dynamic quantity sensor element described in JP 2007-80985 A (PTL 1) is known. The dynamic quantity sensor element is a structure which shields noise in a detecting unit lowly resistant to noise by a silicon shield substrate and a shielding portion. The shielding portion is formed on a front surface and an inner surface of a base substrate. Further, silicon is used in the detecting elements, and a glass substrate is used in a lower surface and an upper surface. The above-described dynamic quantity sensor detects an acceleration and an angular rate by a detecting unit. 
         [0005]    Further, JP 2012-186285 A (PTL 2) describes an invention relating to an inspection method for a through wiring board and an electronic component which can observe the inside of a through hole. A conductive pattern covering an opening provided at an upper portion of a through hole is arranged, and a cut out portion is formed at a part of the conductive pattern. Consequently, an edge of the opening can be observed. A displacement can be observed by moving a position for forming the cut out portion. A lower side of the through hole is expanding. 
       CITATION LIST 
     Patent Literature 
       [0006]    PTL 1: JP 2007-80985 A 
         [0007]    PTL 2: JP 2012-186285 A 
       SUMMARY OF INVENTION 
     Technical Problem 
       [0008]    A dynamic quantity sensor element described in PTL 1 has a shield structure by a metal film so as to surround a detecting element of an acceleration sensor. Therefore, a structure of the acceleration sensor cannot be observed after being assembled, and provably it would not possible to confirm whether the acceleration sensor is satisfactory processed. 
         [0009]    In the structure described in PTL 2, a cut out hole is formed directly to a through hole. Therefore, the inside of the through hole is held only by atmospheric pressure. In addition, since a through hole is formed, a wiring may be deteriorated, and foreign objects may be mixed, due to water intrusion into the through hole. 
         [0010]    An object of the present invention is to provide a physical quantity sensor capable of nondestructively and easily confirming and observing a defect in a minute structure while maintaining a shield effect on an electrode substrate surface. 
       Solution to Problem 
       [0011]    To achieve the above object, a physical quantity sensor according to the present invention has a two-layer structure in which at least two substrates including a fixed substrate and an electrode substrate. In a structure in which a surface electrode of a through wiring is formed on an electrode substrate surface, and a periphery of the surface electrode is insulated, an inside observation space is provided in a shield layer including a metal material formed on an electrode substrate surface with plan view. As a result, electromagnetic waves generated from a surface electrode of a through wiring or a through electrode can be prevented, and an inside structure can be confirmed and observed. 
       Advantageous Effects of Invention 
       [0012]    According to the present invention, by providing an inside observation space at a part of a shield electrode formed on a whole surface of an electrode substrate, noise generated in each electrode portion or between wirings can be removed, and a defect of a structure of such as comb teeth formed in a device layer can be confirmed. Consequently, a highly reliable physical quantity sensor can be provided. 
         [0013]    An issue, a configuration, and an effect other than the above are clarified by descriptions of the following embodiments. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
         [0014]      FIG. 1  is an external view describing a physical quantity sensor according to the present invention. 
           [0015]      FIG. 2  is a sectional view describing the physical quantity sensor according to the present invention. 
           [0016]      FIG. 3  is an elevation view describing a physical quantity sensor according to a second embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0017]      FIG. 4  is a sectional view describing a shield effect according to the present invention. 
           [0018]      FIG. 5  is an external appearance view describing a physical quantity sensor according to a third embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0019]      FIG. 6  is a sectional view describing the physical quantity sensor according to the third embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0020]      FIG. 7  is an elevation view of a device substrate according to the third embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0021]      FIG. 8  is an elevation view of an electrode substrate according to the third embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0022]      FIG. 9  is an external appearance view of a device substrate according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0023]      FIG. 10  is a sectional view around a shield portion according to the present invention. 
       
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS 
       [0024]    Embodiments of the present invention will be described below. 
       First Embodiment 
       [0025]    A structure according to a first embodiment of a physical quantity sensor according to the present invention will be described with reference to  FIG. 1 .  FIG. 1  illustrates an external appearance view of a physical quantity sensor indicating an example of the present invention. An acceleration sensor is exemplified in the embodiment. A substrate has a two-layer structure including a fixed substrate  1  and an electrode substrate  2 . A plurality of through hole surface electrodes  3  is disposed on a surface of the electrode substrate  2 , and the periphery of the through hole surface electrode  3  is insulated by a space  4 , and a shield layer  7  is formed on an electrode substrate surface. The shield layer  7  is connected to an earth electrode  5 . An inside observation space  6  is formed at a part of the shield layer  7 . The physical quantity sensor is electrically connected to an electrode pad formed in a control LSI by using a metal wire. A silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer is used in the fixed substrate  1 , and a glass substrate is used in the electrode substrate  2 . 
         [0026]    A role of the shield layer  7  is to remove electrical noise by electromagnetic waves from the through hole surface electrode  3  and to block electric noise generated by electromagnetic waves existing outside. 
         [0027]    Next, a cross-section structure illustrated in  FIG. 1  will be described with reference to  FIG. 2 . An insulating film  10  including SiO2 is formed in the fixed substrate  1 , and a device layer  13  is formed on the insulating film  10  of oxide film. The electrode substrate  2  is disposed at an upper portion of the device layer  13 . Through electrodes  11   a  and  11   b  are formed in the electrode substrate  2 . A fixed electrode  8   a  formed in the device layer  13  is electrically connected to a through hole surface electrode  3   a  formed on the electrode substrate  2  by the through electrode  11   a.  Similarly, a movable electrode  9   a  formed in the device layer  13  is electrically connected to a through hole surface electrode  3   b  formed in the electrode substrate  2  by the through electrode  11   b.  A fixed electrode  8   a  is electrically connected to a fixed comb tooth  8 . A movable electrode  9   b  has a structure electrically connected to a movable comb tooth  9 . A material of a through electrode  11  is preferably a metal material and formed by a plating method. Further, a device layer is formed by low-resistance silicon material of 10 to 20 Ωcm. 
         [0028]    Sensing of an acceleration as a physical quantity can be performed by using a change in a gap between the fixed electrode  8  and the movable electrode  9  when an acceleration is applied. An acceleration is detected by detecting the variation of the gap between electrodes by the acceleration by an electrostatic force. 
         [0029]    A sensing space  14  in the device layer  13  is a sealed space by the fixed substrate  1  and the electrode substrate  2 . In the sensing space  14 , a pressure atmosphere is approximately 10000 Pa to 50000 Pa. The pressure atmosphere in the sensing space  14  of an acceleration sensor is sealed at a vacuum degree of approximately 10000 Pa to 50000 Pa. This is because as a temperature increases, a pressure in a sealed space increases, according to a bonding temperature in the sealed space. In this case, the case where sealing might be peeled depending on a bonding method. Therefore, it is necessary to make a depressurized state in advance. As a bonding method of the fixed substrate  1  and the electrode substrate  2 , anode bonding is preferable. However, in addition to the anode bonding, each metal bonding method such as eutectic bonding of gold and silicon, eutectic bonding of gold and tin, and eutectic bonding of aluminium and germanium can be used. 
         [0030]    In the sensing space  14  of the acceleration sensor, a damping effect may be improved by sealing a gas having a large molecular weight, such as argon, xenon, and krypton. 
         [0031]    Further, a gap between the movable comb tooth  9  and the fixed comb tooth  8  is several microns. In a minute comb tooth structure formed in this manner, it is necessary to confirm after assembly whether the several-micron gap between comb teeth is highly precisely processed and whether comb teeth are not stuck each other. In the present invention, the inside observation space  6  is provided at a part of the shield layer  7 . Therefore, it is possible to nondestructively observe by an optical microscope whether minute comb teeth are sufficiently processed. In other words, the shield layer  7  includes a slit (a region in which the shield layer  7  is not provided) or a thin wall portion such that inspection light can transmit in a region in which the fixed comb tooth  8  and the movable comb tooth  9  are projected in a lamination direction with respect to the shield layer  7 . Specifically, the shield layer  7  can include a peep portion to observe inside. In further other words, the electrode substrate  2  does not include the shield layer  7  or includes the shield layer  7  which is thinner than other regions, in a region in which the fixed comb tooth  8  and the movable comb tooth  9  are projected in a lamination direction with respect to the electrode substrate  2  According to the embodiment, since the shield layer  7  includes a peep portion, it is possible to provide a physical quantity sensor which can nondestructively and easily confirm or observe a defect of a minute structure which is a sensing portion, while maintaining a shield effect on an electrode substrate surface. A material of the shield layer is preferably aluminum, and aluminum may include silicon at a rate of approximately 0.5%. Further, other metal material may be used. 
       Second Embodiment 
       [0032]    A structure according to a second embodiment of the physical quantity sensor according to the present invention will be described with reference to  FIG. 3 . Descriptions overlapping in the first embodiment will be omitted.  FIG. 3  is an elevation view of the physical quantity sensor indicating another example of the present invention. In  FIG. 3 , two-shaft acceleration sensor is formed on one substrate. Specifically, an acceleration in two directions of an X axis and a Y axis can be detected. The X axis is a parallel direction, and the Y axis is a vertical direction in the elevation view. 
         [0033]    On a surface of an electrode substrate  2 , a plurality of through hole surface electrodes is disposed which electrically connected to a through electrode  11  (indicated by a broken line). The through hole surface electrodes  3  are electrically connected to electrode pads  12  for electrically connecting to a control LSI by wirings  16 . A shield layer  7  is formed on a surface of the electrode substrate  2 . The wiring  16  is electrically insulated from the shield layer  7  by a space  4  provided around the wiring. The shield layer  7  is connected to an earth electrode  5 . In the embodiment, a plurality of inside observation spaces  6  is formed in a part of the shield layer  7 . 
         [0034]    In the case where a glass material is used in the electrode substrate  2 , fixed comb teeth  8   x  and movable comb teeth  9   x  are nondestructively observed from the inside observation space  6  by an optical microscope. Similarly, fixed comb teeth  8   y  and movable comb teeth  9   y  can be nondestructively observed. Further, in the case where a silicon material is used in the electrode substrate  2 , the fixed comb teeth  8   x  and the movable comb teeth  9   x  can be nondestructively observed from the inside observation space  6  by an infrared microscope or a confocal infrared laser microscope. Similarly, fixed comb teeth  8   y  and movable comb teeth  8   y  can be nondestructively observed. In the case where the silicon material is used in the electrode substrate  2 , an insulating film is disposed under the shield layer  7 . 
         [0035]    Here, in the case where a current flows in the wiring  16 , electromagnetic waves are generated around the wiring  16 . For example, in the case a shield layer is not provided between wirings, the wirings are affected each other by noise caused by the electromagnetic waves, and data of such as an electrostatic force in which an acceleration is detected may not be normally obtained. 
         [0036]    Next, a shield effect according to the embodiment will be described with reference to  FIG. 4 .  FIG. 4  illustrates line-of-electric forces  18  of electromagnetic waves generated from the wirings  16  in the case where the wirings  16  and the shield layers  7  are formed on a surface of the electrode substrate  2 , and a current flows in the wirings  16  in a state in which each of the wirings  16  and the shield layers  7  is electrically blocked by the space  4 . According to this structure, an electromagnetism from the wiring  16  can be blocked. Therefore, even if the inside observation space  6  is formed in a part of the shield layer  7 , the space is not affected by the wiring. Specifically, a space on an outer side of the shield layer  7  disposed on both sides of the wiring  16 , for example, the space  6 , is not affected by the electromagnetic waves. This is because the electromagnetic waves generated from the wirings  16  are blocked by the shield layers  7 . 
         [0037]    Planarly the wiring  16  can pull around to an arbitrary position on a surface of the electrode substrate  2  in addition to vertical and parallel directions. Further, a portion other than the electrode pad  12  and shield layers are protected by a protective film including TEOs SiN, and resin. The protective film around the electrode pad  12  can be formed by a technique similar to a general technique to form a protective film of a semiconductor circuit. 
       Third Embodiment 
       [0038]    A structure according to a third embodiment of a physical quantity sensor according to the present invention will be described with reference to  FIG. 5 . Descriptions overlapping in the first and second embodiments will be omitted.  FIG. 5  is an external appearance view of a physical quantity sensor indicating another example of the present invention. An angular rate sensor is exemplified in the embodiment. A substrate at least has a three-layer structure including a fixed substrate  1 , a device substrate  15 , and an electrode substrate  2 . Specifically, the fixed substrate  1  which is a first substrate, the device substrate  13  which is a second substrate, and the electrode substrate  2  which is a third substrate are laminated so as to sandwich the device substrate  13  by the fixed substrate  1  and the electrode substrate  2 . A plurality of through hole surface electrodes  3  is disposed on a surface of the electrode substrate  2  and electrically connected to an electrode pad  12  by a wiring  16 . The periphery of the through hole surface electrodes  3  is insulated by a space  4 , and a shield layer  7  is formed on a surface of the electrode substrate. The shield layer  7  is connected to an earth electrode  5 . A plurality of inside observation spaces  6  is formed on a part of the shield layer  7 . A silicon material is used in the fixed substrate  1 , the device substrate  13 , and the electrode substrate  2 . 
         [0039]    Most preferably, all of the substrates are made of silicon material, and since a linear expansion coefficient of a physical quantity sensor structure becomes equal, a sensor excellent in reliability can be provided. 
         [0040]    The shield layer  7  is provided to remove electrical noise by electromagnetic waves generated between wirings pulled around from the through hole surface electrode  3  to the electrode pad  12  and to block electrical noise generated by electromagnetic waves existing outside. 
         [0041]    Next, a cross-section structure illustrated in  FIG. 5  will be described with reference to  FIG. 6 . An insulating film  10  including SiO2 is formed on a fixed substrate  1 , and a device substrate  15  is formed on the insulating film  10 . The electrode substrate  2  is disposed on the device substrate  15 . Through electrodes  11   a  and  11   b  are formed in the electrode substrate  2 . Since the device substrate  15  is electrically communicated to the outside, a fixed electrode  8   a  formed in the device substrate  15  is electrically connected to a through hole surface electrode  3   a  formed on the electrode substrate  2  by the through electrode  11   a  including low-resistance silicon. Similarly, a movable electrode  9   a  formed in the device substrate  15  is electrically connected to a through hole surface electrode  3   b  formed on the electrode substrate  2  by the through electrode  11   b  including low-resistance silicon. The fixed electrode  8   a  is electrically connected to a fixed comb tooth  8 . A movable electrode  9   b  is electrically connected to a movable comb tooth  9 . 
         [0042]    Peripheries of the through electrodes  11   a  and  11   b  including low-resistance silicon and formed in the electrode substrate  2  are electrically insulated by an oxide film  10  such as SiO2, and peripheries of the peripheries are sealed by a filling material  17  such as Poly-Si. 
         [0043]    Sensing of an angular rate as a physical quantity is performed by using a Coriolis force generated by applying an angular rate in the case where a plurality of movable comb teeth  9  is driven (oscillated) at a natural frequency. A gap between electrodes of the fixed comb tooth  8  and the movable comb tooth  9  is varied by the Coriolis force. An angular rate is detected by detecting a variation of the gap between electrodes by the Coriolis force by an electrostatic force. 
         [0044]    In this structure, a gap, such as a groove, is formed on the fixed substrate  1  before the substrate is bonded, and the device substrate  15  is bonded after the oxide film  10  is formed on the fixed substrate  1  on which the groove has been formed. Then, a device pattern and a gap of several microns are formed by a dry etching process with a high aspect ratio. At this time, if a thickness of the oxide film  10  formed on the fixed substrate  1  is thin, the oxide film  10  on a groove surface of the fixed substrate  1  is reduced during the dry etching process with a high aspect ratio, and a minute gap structure in which a device patterns transferred is formed on a groove bottom surface. More specifically, the groove is formed on a part of the oxide film  10 , or the oxide film is eliminated, and silicon is etched. Finally, the three-layer structure is completed by bonding the electrode substrate  2 , on which the groove is formed, on the device substrate  15 . Three or more substrates may be laminated. 
         [0045]    Direct bonding of silicon is used to bond the fixed substrate  1  and the device substrate  15  and to bond the device substrate  15  and the electrode substrate  2 . By the direct bonding of silicon, first, a hydrophilic treatment is performed on a silicon wafer or a silicon wafer in which an oxide film is formed on a surface, and the silicon wafers are stuck at about room temperature. Consequently, two silicon wafers stuck by hydrogen-bond are bonded. In this state, a bonding intensity is still week. Therefore, a heating process is performed at a temperature of 900 to 1150° C. By the heating process, a siloxane bond state is created, and finally a strong bond state between silicon and silicon is obtained. In addition, a metal bonding method such as eutectic bonding of gold and silicon, eutectic bonding of gold and tin, and eutectic bonding of aluminium and germanium can be used. 
         [0046]    As above described, even if a gap having a different depth is formed by an etching process, it is difficult to observe the gap from the fixed substrate  1  side. In addition, generally, the fixed substrate  1  has a thickness of approximately 600 to 800 microns to pass a process line. Therefore, it is difficult to inspect by infrared rays from the fixed substrate  1  side. 
         [0047]    For example, in the case where a thickness of laminated substrates is thin, and it is necessary to use a shield structure on the fixed substrate  1  side, the inside observation space  6  may be provided on the fixed substrate side. 
         [0048]    By the inside observation space  6  according to the present invention, it is possible to nondestructively inspect or observe by an infrared microscope or a confocal infrared laser microscope whether comb teeth are sufficiently formed with a gap of several microns, after a minute comb tooth structure formed as described above is assembled. 
         [0049]    In a sensing space  14  in which an angular rate of the device substrate  13  is measured, a pressure atmosphere is a vacuum atmosphere of approximately 30 Pa in a sealed space between the fixed substrate  1  and the electrode substrate  2  which are vertically disposed. The fixed electrode (fixed beam)  8  and the movable electrode (movable beam)  9  are formed in the sensing space  14 . A plurality of comb teeth is formed with a gap of several microns. 
         [0050]      FIG. 7  illustrates a plan view of a pattern example of the device substrate  15  of an angular rate sensor. The movable electrode  9  and a plurality of the fixed electrodes  8  are disposed in the angular rate sensor. This is to separate a driving unit and a detecting unit. A through electrode  11  is electrically connected to each of the fixed electrodes. The movable electrode  9  is supported by a fixing portion  21 , and other portions are floating and therefore can be easily driven by an electrostatic force. Driving is moved in a driving direction  19  in the drawing by a plurality of comb teeth vertically disposed in the drawing. On the other hand, the comb teeth disposed at the center are comb teeth of a detecting unit, and an angular rate is detected, by an electrostatic force, by detecting a variation between a fixed electrode and a movable electrode in the detecting unit in which a Coriolis force is applied. The direction is indicated by a detecting direction  20 . A contact, a damage, and a processing shape between these comb teeth are important. 
         [0051]      FIG. 8  is a plan view in which the electrode substrate  2  is superimposed on the device substrate illustrated in FIG.  7 . By disposing the inside observation space  6  according to the present invention in the shield layer  7 , a minute gap between comb teeth formed on the device substrate  15 , a contact between the comb teeth (stick), a damage on a beam, a processing shape of a beam can be observed and confirmed. 
         [0052]    As described above, a position of the inside observation space  6  formed in the shield layer  7  is preferably coincided with an essential portion to measure a physical quantity on the device substrate  15 . A shape of the above-described space  6  may be polygonal or circle. In this structure, a processing state in a physical quantity sensor can be easily understood. In addition, even if the electrode pad  12  connected via the metal wiring  16  from a plurality of the through hole surface electrodes  3  is included, the shield layer  7  is formed around the wiring  16 , and therefore noise generated by electromagnetic waves can be blocked if the shield layer  7  is not provided, a signal noise is generated by influence of an inside parasitic capacitance of the wiring  16 , and also the substrate is affected by a signal delay. 
         [0053]    Further, by forming the inside observation space  6 , a parasitic capacitance or a stray capacitance with a silicon lower electrode can be reduced. 
       Fourth Embodiment 
       [0054]    A structure according to a fourth embodiment of the physical quantity sensor according to the present invention will be described with reference to  FIG. 9 .  FIG. 9  is an external appearance view of the physical quantity sensor indicating another example of the present invention. A substrate at least has a three-layer structure including a fixed substrate  1 , a device substrate  15 , and an electrode substrate  2 . In the embodiment, an acceleration sensor and an angular rate sensor are integrally formed in an individual room on the device substrate  15 . 
         [0055]    A plurality of through hole surface electrodes  3  is disposed on a surface of the electrode substrate  2  and electrically connected to an electrode pad  12  by a wiring  16 . Peripheries of the through hole surface electrodes  3  are insulated by spaces  4 , and shield layers  7  are formed around the peripheries. Further, the shield layers  7  are formed on an outer peripheral side of the electrode substrate so as to surround all of the electrodes  12  and the wirings  16 . These shield layers  7  are connected to an earth electrode  5 . 
         [0056]    In this structure, the shield layer  7  includes an area formed on the outer peripheral side and an area formed around the wiring  16 , and the inside observation space  6  is formed between the area formed on the outer peripheral side and the area formed around the wiring  16 . Electromagnetic waves generating between the wirings  16  is blocked in the area formed around the wiring  16  in the shield layer  7 . Electric noise caused by electromagnetic waves existing outside is blocked by the area formed on the peripheral side in the shield layer  7 . 
         [0057]    A cross-section configuration of the inside observation space  6  according to the present invention will be described.  FIG. 10  is a cross-section views around the inside observation space. The through wiring  11  is formed in a low resistance silicon  22 . A side surface of the through wiring  11  is insulated by an insulating film  10 . The insulating film  10  including SiO2 is provided on a surface of the low resistance silicon  22 . The shield layer  7  includes a metal thin film  23  on the insulating film  10 , a TEOS insulating film  24  on the metal thin film  23 , a SiN (silicon nitride film)  25  on the TEOS insulating film  24 , and a protective film  26  on the SiN  25 . On the other hand, on the electrode substrate  2  in a portion in which the space  4  and the inside observation space  6  are provided, an insulation film is formed on the low resistance silicon  22 . That is, the shield layer  7  is not formed or is removed. Further, in the through hole surface electrode  3  of the through wiring  11 , Poly-Si is formed on a surface of the low resistance silicon  22 , and a metal electrode is formed thereon. A sensor function is not affected in a structure in which a protective film  26  is not formed as a sensor. 
         [0058]    As described above, the inside observation space  6  according to the present invention has the thinnest structure in a thickness direction. A material transmitting infrared rays and also an insulating material may be used in the inside observation space from a sectional direction. 
         [0059]    As described above, by forming the inside observation space in the shield layer  7  formed on an electrode substrate surface, a defect can be detected by observing during a process, and therefore, costs can be reduced since the process is advanced to the final structure. 
         [0060]    Further, even if a defect such as a contact between comb teeth is caused by cutting by a dicing device after being manufactured at a wafer level, the defect can be detected. 
         [0061]    Furthermore, after each type physical quantity sensor is shipped at a product level, if the sensor is returned as a defective product, a defect factor can be easily detected, such as a defect analysis. 
         [0062]    The acceleration sensor and the angular rate sensor are mounted in a vehicle and used to control a brake system in each embodiment described above. Further, these sensors can be used in attitude control of a farm machine. In addition, these sensors can be used in a MEMS structure to electrically measure a physical quantity of such as a pressure sensor and a light switch. 
         [0063]    A physical quantity sensor excellent, in reliability can be provided by disposing the sensor in one package made of a ceramic material or a resin material with a control LSI. 
         [0064]    The present invention is not limited to the above-described each embodiment and includes various variations. For example, the above-described embodiments describe the present invention in detail for clarification, and every configuration may not be necessarily included. Further, a configuration of the embodiments can be partially replaced with configurations of the other embodiments. Furthermore, a configuration of each embodiment can be added to configurations of the other embodiments. Further, a part of a configuration of each embodiment can be added to, deleted from, and replaced from other configurations. 
       REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 
       [0000]    
       
           1  . . . fixed substrate,  2  . . . electrode substrate,  3  . . . through hole surface electrode,  4  . . . space,  5  . . . earth electrode,  6  . . . inside observation space,  7  . . . shield layer,  8  . . . fixed comb tooth,  8   a  fixed electrode,  9  . . . movable comb tooth,  9   a . . .  movable electrode,  10  . . . insulating film,  11  . . . through electrode,  12  . . . electrode pad,  13  . . . device layer,  14  . . . sensing space,  15  . . . device substrate,  16  . . . wiring,  17  . . . Poly-Si,  18  . . . line-of-electric force,  19  . . . driving direction,  20  . . . detecting direction,  21  . . . fixing portion,  22  . . . low-resistance silicon material,  23  . . . metal thin film,  24  . . . TEOS,  25  . . . SiN,  26  . . . protective film