Abstract:
A mobile operating room is a transportable unit in which invasive surgical procedures can be performed. The mobile vehicle is a self contained, expandable van that includes all of the operating requirements called for in fixed hospital facilities. A mobile trailer which, when set up on leveling jacks and expanded, includes an operating room, surgery table, operating lights and all of the essential facilities for complete invasive surgical procedures including pre and postop areas. 
     The surgical operating room itself (OR) contains a sterilizing autoclave for surgical instruments, a surgeon controllable automatic operating table, OR table, OR spotlights, anesthesia machine, and all essential surgical equipment necessary for comprehensive patient care.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     This invention relates to non-fixed hospital and patient care centers and more particularly relates to a mobile operating room that is fully equipped for invasive surgery. 
     2. Description of the Prior Art 
     At present, surgery is performed in permanent and fixed locations such as hospitals, surgical centers, physicians offices or so-called &#34;surgicenters&#34;. Such hospitals and surgical centers are subject to state building codes and must meet stated requirements for their certification as hospitals qualified for invasive surgery. The primary requirements for qualification include an operating room, central nursing station, pre and post-operational (preop and postop) areas, clean-up and closet area, lavatory, clean and soiled linen areas, surgical scrub sinks, a clock and a sterilizing area for surgical instruments. Until the advent of this invention these requirements were not met in a mobile invasive surgery room. 
     Currently, there are mobile units that provide diagnostic medical care. These are ambulance or van type units that provide non-invasive services such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), cardiac catherization (cath labs), or the like. These units are simply medical facilities on wheels. There are also mobile medical units that provide therapeutic services such as shock wave lithotripsy (stone fragmentation) for both kidney and bladder stones. None of these units can provide or meet the invasive surgery requirements. 
     The concept of mobilized medial care involving invasive surgery is not a new one. Mobilized medical care was provided by the military during the last three wars in which this country have been involved. However, the concept of mobilization in the armed services relates only to the ability of personnel to transport containerized surgery equipment to a remote location and through that designated and containerized approach quickly establish hospitals in needed combat areas. For example, transportation of the modular components of the hospital, once containerized, are accomplished by using helicopters and transport planes. These modular units are simply sealed in canister-like containers that are pre-wired and require actual set-up with other shipped surgical equipment from other containers that are also transported to the site by plane. In most of these units the preop and postop facilities are provided by tents that are set up in the area adjoining the surgery canisters once they have been set up and supplied with needed surgical equipment. 
     The military hospital modular units figure prominently in this country&#39;s National Disaster Preparedness System. The supportive units, however, may take days to establish if supplementation of the private hospital facilities are requested. In summary, the operating room module in the military service is simply a non-moving, isolated unit that is pre-wired for electricity and telephone but has no other autonomous or self-contained features as those that are provided by the mobile operating room of this invention. 
     The last few decades have brought forth new and exciting developments in medical technology. The mobile operating room of this invention offers an extension of a hospital&#39;s surgical capability while providing, for the patient, reduced costs as well as convenience of care. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The mobile operating room is a unique transportable unit in which invasive surgical procedures can be performed. To date, in the inventor&#39;s knowledge, surgery has never been performed in a mobile facility. The mobile vehicle of this invention is a self contained, expandable van that includes all of the operating requirements called for in fixed hospital facilities and provides a mobile trailer which, when set up on leveling jacks and expanded, includes an operating room, surgery table, operating lights and all of the essential facilities for complete invasive surgical procedures including pre and postop areas in the single van for patients. As such, the mobile operating room contains equipment and accomodations heretofore found only in fixed surgical facilities. 
     For example, the mobile operating room of this invention includes a sterile operating room (OR), an OR table, OR spotlights, anesthesia machine, comprehensive patient monitoring system, nursing surveillance station, preop area, recovery area, autoclave, dressing facility, as well as a complete set of surgical instruments. The foregoing are all self-contained in place in the vehicle and with very little set-up time and effort are immediately operable for invasive surgery. No other mobile van contains the above-mentioned features. 
     The proposed mobile operating room, being an autonomous and complete, compact surgical facility on wheels, may be quickly moved from location to location and may be set up in very short time. The expandable portion defines the operating room. A surgeon&#39;s operating table is centrally located in the trailer and that table may be automatically controlled in any well known manner for standard surgical tables. After use and when the van is to be moved that surgical table may be swiveled to a stowage position and the sides of the van nest together around that table. Thus in one embodiment the table remains in place and operative without being moved or otherwise disrupted. In a similar manner the surgical spotlights also may be folded into a stowage position without disconnection and these lights will also remain in place in the center of the operating room. 
     In another embodiment the surgical table may be mobilized within the van for stowage. Such tables have retractable wheels that are used to stabilize the table during operations. Once the van has been moved and the expandable sides telescoped out to their expanded position, the operating room is quickly readied for surgery and patient pre and postop care. 
     The mobile surgical room of this invention may be utilized almost immediately where requested and thus offers significant advantages for military preparedness and lower operating costs and greater flexibility than fixed base hospitals. Although not proven by research or tests, the compactness and close proximity of all necessary surgical needs may well provide a close and comfortable security to patients that large sterile hospitals do not offer. In any event, the mobile surgical room is compact, autonomous, self contained, fully staffed and provides complete security for the all the patient&#39;s surgical needs. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING 
     FIG. 1 is a top plan view of a cut-away portion of the mobile operating room of this invention. 
     FIG. 2 is a cut-away side view taken along the lines 2--2 of FIG. 1. 
     FIG. 3 is another cut-away side view taken along the lines 3--3 of FIG. 1. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     The van 100 of FIG. 1 includes several distinct areas including a surgery area 150, a preop and postop area 175, a toilet and dressing area 200 and a cleanup area 180. In the primary surgery area 150, the Figure shows the van with its expanded sides 151 and 152 telescoped out and extending outwardly away from the standard van dimensions that permit the van to travel on the road and highways. 
     In the center of room 150 is located the surgical spotlights 1 and the surgical table 2. Table 2 is a typical operating table as is found in hospitals and includes tilting, raising and lowering mechanisms, surgical sides and various other surgical features that are well known and require no further description. Table 2 and the spotlights 1 may both be turned and collapsed into a central position so that the van sides 151 and 152 may be nested into van 100 for mobility needed for movement to a new location. 
     These two primary items, spotlights 2 and table 1, for invasive surgery in this mobile operating invention remain connected and fixed in position while the sides 151 and 152 nest about them. This feature is a significant advantage over any known prior art and represents a major breakthrough in invasive surgery methods and apparatus. The jacks 155 are used to fully support and stabilize the mobile operating room 100 once it has been moved to a new position. 
     Located within the surgery room 150 are all the primary and essential surgical equipment and supplies as mandatory for safe and well conducted invasive surgery. Before describing the functions of essential equipment for the surgery van 100, it is believed helpful to identify the contents of the van by the following list which includes the numbers identified on the drawings. Apparatus that is common to several locations all bear the same numbers. See for example the clock 10 (in the area 175) as shown in plan view in FIG. 2 and also a separate clock 10 as shown in top view in area 150, FIG. 2. Other common items are telephone instruments 1,1, cabinets 15, etc. 
     Wall suction units 17 are also common to several areas and it should be understood that these units all share a common suction supply source that is located, for example in the storage area 45 under the van. The provision of a suction supply source and line is in accordance with any well known technique and need not be further explained herein. A complete list of essential items include the following: 
     1. Surgical Spotlights 
     2. Operating Room Table 
     3. Anesthesia Machine with Monitors 
     4. Crash Resuscitation Cart 
     5. Rolling Surgical Instrument Table 
     6. Blanket and Fluid Warmer 
     7. Autoclave 
     8. VCR Monitor 
     9. X-Ray Viewbox 
     10. Clock 
     11. Telephone 
     12. Dictation Machine 
     13. Emergency Switch 
     14. Intercom 
     15. Storage Cabinets 
     16. Storage Drawers 
     17. Wall Suction 
     18. Chair 
     19. Work Desk 
     20. Work Shelf 
     21. Fire Extinguisher 
     22. Emergency Light 
     23. Scrub Sinks 
     24. Monitor 
     25. Refrigeration 
     26. Wall Oxygen Source 
     27. Lockers 
     28. Clean Linen Shelf 
     29. Trash Basket 
     30. Sink 
     31. Dirty Linen Basket 
     32. Toilet 
     33. Handrail 
     34. Service Sink 
     35. Workroom Shelf 
     36. Patient Lift Controls 
     37. Gurney 
     38. Patient Entry Sliding Doors 
     39. Personnel and Patient Door 
     40. Patient Lift 
     41. Self Supporting Slide Out Platform with Steps 
     42. Air Conditioning Unit 
     43. Generator 
     44. Ventilation Ducts 
     45. Underbody Compartments 
     The construction of the mobile surgical room 100 will follow closely the guidelines issued by the State of California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development (OSHPOD) &#34;surgical and anesthesia service space&#34; outlined clearly in Section 2-1016A Title 24 of the California State Building Code. As such, the mobile surgical suite will have the following features: (1) Operating Room 150, (2) Preoperative patient preparation and holding area 175 employing gurney 37a, (3) Post anesthesia recovery area employing gurney 37b, (4) Central nursing supervision area 176 located between gurneys 37a and 37b, (5) Dressing facility 200 with lockers 27 and lavatory 32, (6) Storage space 15, 16 in area 150 for sterile instruments and supplies, (7) Two surgical scrub sinks 23 in area 175, (8) Separate locations for clean (28) and soiled linen (31) in area 200, (9) Janitorial closet 180 with utility sink 34, (10) Autoclave 7, (11) Refrigerator 25, (12) Lockable medicine cabinets 15, (13) Air Conditioner 42, (14) Oxygen 26 and suction outlets 17 at patient locations, (15) Clocks, (16) Hydraulic entrance lift for patients in wheelchairs or transported on gurneys. 
     The operating room is supplied with the most modern, state of the art equipment. For example, the anesthesia machine 3 provided will be safe and reliable. Patient monitoring in the operating room as well as in pre and post-op areas will be as technically sophisticated as one would find in any hospital. In addition, many safety features are installed in the mobile surgical suite. Smoke detectors and fire extinguishers are generously placed for safety purposes. Also, an isolation transformer detection system is installed to identify any electrical leakage that may pose a risk to patients or personnel. 
     An efficient system of ventilation and anesthetic gas disposal is located in the van&#39;s construction. In the case of a patient catastrophe, a &#34;code blue&#34; alarm system is established and a resuscitation cart 4 with defibrillator, drugs, and equipment is readily accessible in location 150. Finally, a back up generator will be attached to the mobile surgical suite in the case of sudden and unexpected power failure. 
     To ensure the highest quality of medical care, well trained personnel are providable in designated areas of van 100. In addition to the presence of competent surgeons in area 150, an anesthesiologist as well as surgical technician instruments will be present during operations to assist surgeons. There is ample room for two registered nurses who will provide patient care and may circulate as needed in the operating room 150 as well as in the pre and post-op areas 175. A driver/technician assists in transportation of the mobile surgical suite as well as providing assistance to the nurses for patient transport. 
     In order to fully support the invention&#39;s capabilities the typical dimensions and construction features for the mobile surgical suite are supplied below. 
     Product Dimensions 
     Exterior 
     Length 46&#39; 
     Width 8&#39; 
     Height 13&#39;6&#34; 
     Interior 
     Length 44&#39; 
     Width 7&#39;0&#34; (Expanded Sides Extended to 13&#39;8&#34;) 
     Height 9&#39;3 1/4&#34; (Except in 5th Wheel Area Approximate Height is 8&#39;2 1/4&#34;) 
     Trailer Construction 
     Trailer is a semi-trailer type, special frame built with double expanding sides. Wheels 24.5&#34;×8.25 steel rims and tubeless tires. Hydraulic leveling system, utilizing a manually set stabilizer bar. Crossmembers are Steel &#34;C&#34;  type on 24&#34; centers. Brakes 161/2&#34;×7&#34;. Fifth wheel coupler 2 bag system, 32,000 lb. capacity with 201/4&#34; king pin location. Lubrication system, industrial grade lubrication fittings are accessibly located on equipment. 
     Body Structure 
     Panels: 
     Side 0.050 Aluminum 
     Front 0.050 Aluminum 
     Corner 11 Gauge Steel 
     Posts: 
     Side 14 Gauge Steel 
     Front 11 Gauge Steel 
     Roof: 
     Sheet 0.049 Aluminum 
     Bows 0.125 Aluminum 
     Lower Body Rail: 11 Gauge Steel 
     Roof Rail: Extrusion aluminum 
     All doors are framed with steel as required. Tapping plates are installed to secure equipment in place and are readily available and in place during trailer construction for pre-tapped use during van set-up. The trailer has dual expandable sides: 16 feet long by 2 feet 9 inches wide on curbside and 16 feet long by 41/2 feet wide on roadside. This is a single integral unit with exception of the floor which is hinged to the expanding sides. Each expanding side is motor driven with a safety key lock. A mechanical crank mechanism is also provided to open and close the expanding sides in case of emergency. 
     Insulation 
     Trailer body is insulated in sides, ends, floor and ceiling using two (2) part urethane foam. (R Factor=7.14&#34;). A 2 and 1/4&#34; masonite thermal barrier is provided on vertical members prior to installation of the van&#39;s finished walls. 
     Interior Walls and Ceiling 
     Walls throughout van are covered with laminate on lower portion and industrial grade wall covering on the upper half At the split between laminate and wall covering a wood chair rail is installed. All interior surfaces are rated Class A. Ceiling is drop-type acoustical panels. Ceiling tiles are secured in transit yet removable. 
     Floor 
     The floor is vinyl tile throughout the trailer. The expanding sides have hinged floor panels with a vinyl tile covering. The floor tile is rated Class I. 
     Painting 
     Body exterior is cleaned, sanded and primed for urethane enamel. Foam and underside of floor are undercoated. 
     Entrance Doors 
     Doors are steel construction. Doors are insulated and sealed when closed. The personnel door includes a tinted safety glass window. The personnel door is equipped with heavy duty butt hinges. All belly compartment doors operate with a single key. 
     Platforms and Stairways 
     Pull out platforms with light-weight portable stairs equipped with adjustable leveling feet are provided. Removable safety rails are provided for platforms and stairs. 
     Electrical System 
     Standard electrical system requires 480V, 3 Phase, 150 AMP power (or as required by catherization system) and wiring is run in aluminum flex conduits of sufficient size to allow wires to be added for upgrades if needed. Power distribution is located inside the trailer and a power panel includes all circuit breakers, meters, phase sequence indicator, and a shore power/generator transfer switch. A compartment located in the belly pan 45 contains the utility stepdown transformer, battery and battery charger. 
     Lighting 
     Fluorescent lighting is provided throughout the trailer. The operation area and patient care areas have light fixtures mounted in the ceiling that are dimmable. 12 volt DC emergency lighting is provided throughout the interior and in exit signs appropriately mounted in the van 100. A wall switch is provided to turn off emergency lighting during extended periods when power is not being provided. 12 volt compartment lights are provided in all exterior compartments. 
     Generator 
     Any suitable 250KW, 480V, 3 Phase, 4 wire air coiled generator is provided--such diesel generators are well known. The generator is equipped with remote controls, starting batteries and oil bath air cleaner. Generator is installed for easy servicing, proper heat and exhaust dissipation. A remote alarm annunciator panel, AC instrument package and critical area silencer are also provided. (Generator sized to operate catheterization system may also be an optional feature.) Within the belly compartment 45, or exterior in the front, such generator is installed together with a 100 gallon fuel tank with an electromechanical gauge. The fuel tank is equipped will fill and drain nozzles with a provision for locks. The drain nozzle is positioned so that the tank can be completely drained. An accessory backup generator may be provided. 
     Air Condition/Heating 
     Two (2) air conditioners 42 are mounted on the rear of the trailer. The system shall operate on 480 volt, 3 Phase, 60 Hz power and provide: Cooling Capacity: 92,000 BTU/HR and Heating Capacity: 102,000 BTU/HR. The conditioned air is circulated to the interior spaces through metal supply and return ducts installed between roof and ceiling. The supply duct is insulated as is well known. An adjustable air diffuser system distributes the optimum conditioned air quantity to each specific area in the van. Condensate is dispensed to ground via drain tubing. Four (4) stages of thermostatically controlled electric heaters within the air handling unit maintain htte interior van temperature at 72° F.+/-5° F. 
     Plumbing 
     The plumbing system is designed to receive water directly from local sources to fill tanks. The fresh water and waste water storage containers, of any suitable type, are installed within the underbody compartment 45 and are accessible through a hinged door. Such compartments are provided with electric heaters for winter protection against freezing. Fresh water hoses are connected to a water faucet at sink by high pressure, polybuthylene tubing, pumps, etc. as is well known. Access to sink piping and traps plus all isolation valves are designed into the van&#39;s plumbing system. Plumbing system is equipped with check valves in accordance with approved commercial practice and need not be explained in any more detail. 
     Interior Furnishing 
     Stainless steel sinks with cold water faucet lavatory hardware is provided. 
     Safety Features 
     All Treatment Room walls are lead lined including expanding side walls 1151, 152 to required specifications. 
     Cabinet Construction 
     Cabinetry and like items such as items 15,16,18,19,27,33,35, are constructed of plywood, laminated with micarta or any other suitable material. 
     Surgical suite provisions 
     at this point it is believed helpful to list some commonly available and acceptable commercial items that are needed in the furnishing of the surgical suite for this invention. The model and type equipment listed hereinafter in the parenthesis are typical off the shelf items supplied by the manufactures whose names are given. The matter in parenthesis include other companies and trademarks and trade names in some instances. 
     1 O.R. table (Amsco model 2080) 
     2 Surgical spotlights (Amsco model LTM 72) 
     3 Anesthesia machine (North American Drager, model Narkomed 2A) 
     4 Cardioscope (Spacelabs model 514) 
     5 Pulse Oximeter &amp; Capnography (Nellcor model N1000) 
     6 Dinamap Blood Pressure (Critikon model 1846SX) 
     7 Temperature Monitor (Mon-a-therm model 6500) 
     8 Oxygen Analyzer (North American Drager) 
     9 Oxygen Tanks 
     10 Nitrous Oxide Tanks 
     11 Resuscitation Cart 
     12 Blanket and Fluid Warmer (Amsco) 
     13 Autoclave (Amsco) 
     14 Gurneys 
     15 Rolling Surgical Instrument Table 
     16 VCR Monitor (MP Video) 
     17 TV Camera (MP Video) 
     18 Light Source (R. Wolfe model 5000.40) 
     19 Bovie (Valley Lab model SSE3B) 
     20 Bi-polar Bovie (Storz model 440E) 
     21 Tourniquet (Aspen Labs model ATS100) 
     22 Headlight (Cuda model 243000, light source-model M2-150) 
     23 ENT Operating Microscope (Zeiss model 310187, 250 mm lens) 
     Miscellaneous 
     Telephones 
     Two (2) wall type telephones and one (1) desk telephone are installed. Two telephones are near the rear of the van in the Operating Room, and one (1) telephone is in the Nurses&#39; Work Station area in the front of the van. The telephone line terminates near the main power entry point. 
     Film Viewers 
     One (1) film viewer is located at the front Nurses&#39; Work Station area and one (1) film viewer is located in the Operating Room. 
     Fire Extinguishers 
     Three (3) 2/2# non-magnetic fire extinguishers are installed. One (1) is located in the Operating Room, one (1) in the Entry Area and one (1) in the front area. (Any suitable fire suppression is an available option.) 
     Smoke Detectors 
     Three (3) smoke detectors are provided, one (1) in each area, the front, center and rear of the van. 
     Oxygen/Suction 
     On-board oxygen is provided by two (2) oxygen cylinders mounted in the belly compartment 45 with connections in the Treatment Areas. Suction is also provided by means of a suction pump located in the belly compartment 45 with connections and a collection jar in the Treatment Area. 
     Leveling System 
     Lever actuated hydraulic leveling system can be operated by one person. Accommodates pad elevation irregularities in any direction. 
     Patient Lift 
     Perpendicular hydraulic patient lift has 1500 lb. capacity. Wall mount and remote pendant control. 
     Trailer Graphics 
     Standard graphics are included in the trailer base. 
     The installation and surgery-readiness of all invasive surgery essentials in a mobile van provides a truly novel and heretofore unknown structure. It is a feature of this invention that all essential operational equipment that is qualified to meet the State hospital code requirements is tailored for mobile van installation. The mobile van may be moved as desired and the expandable sides and the centrally-located Or table and Or spotlights, coupled with anaesthesia and autoclave supply meets invasive surgery needs in a novel manner. 
     The above description presents the best mode contemplated in carrying out our invention. Our invention is, however, susceptible to modifications and alternate constructions from the embodiments shown in the drawings and described above. Consequently, it is not the intention to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed. On the contrary, the invention is intended and shall cover all modifications, sizes and alternate constructions falling within the spirit and scope of the invention, as expressed in the appended claims when read in light of the description and drawing.