Abstract:
According to the present invention, the operation of a diagnostic circuit within a load drive circuit, which has been built into an electronic control device, is checked without modifying the electronic control device or the like. The load drive circuit, which drives a load such as a solenoid using a DC power supply as a power supply, includes a drive circuit and a diagnostic circuit which is independently provided within the drive circuit. Upon input of a drive-stop signal from a control circuit that controls the drive circuit, the operation of at least the drive circuit stops, so that whether the diagnostic circuit, which diagnoses the condition of the load, is normally operating or not is checked in a condition in which the load drive circuit has been built into the electronic control device.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The present invention relates to a load drive circuit such as a low-side driver, high-side driver, or motor driver, which is constructed from a typical electric/electronic circuit and is built into an electronic control device and which has a function of checking the operation of a diagnostic circuit for diagnosing the condition of a load. 
     2. Background Art 
     Some conventional load drive circuits such as a low-side driver, high-side driver, or motor driver that are constructed from typical electric/electronic circuits have circuits that diagnose the condition of a load being driven. Such a diagnostic circuit judges the condition of the load by monitoring the output voltage of the load, the current flowing through the load, or the like while the load is being driven or not driven. The operation of such load drive circuit with a diagnostic function is checked by executing the diagnostic function while the load is being driven or not driven. However, in order to check the diagnostic circuit, it is necessary to operate the drive circuit by putting it in a disable state, which is different from a normal mode, and by checking whether or not the diagnostic circuit can diagnose the condition of the load. 
     However, once a load drive circuit has been built into an electronic control device including a load, it is impossible for a diagnostic circuit of the load drive circuit to detect an abnormality of the load within the control device unless the load actually has an abnormality. Therefore, establishing a method for checking the operation of the diagnostic circuit after it has been built into the control device is an object to be achieved. 
     Reference 1 (JP Published Patent Application No. 11-13519 A (1999)) discloses a method of creating an abnormal state by actually turning off only a power supply of a load within an electronic control device, in order to check the operation of a diagnostic circuit. Reference 2 (JP Published Patent Application No. 2002-257668 A) discloses a method of running a control device on a simulator and creating an abnormal state on the simulator. However, since these methods create abnormal states in an artificial manner, there is a problem in that the operation of the diagnostic circuit cannot be checked after it has been built into the control device and is actually used. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     It is an object of the present invention to conduct a quasi-check of the operation of a diagnostic circuit within a load drive circuit after the diagnostic circuit has been built into a control device. 
     In order to solve the aforementioned problems, the present invention provides a load drive circuit that is built into an electronic control device and that drives a load such as a solenoid, relay, switch, heater, or motor using a DC power supply as a power supply, the load drive circuit comprising a drive circuit and a diagnostic circuit that is independently provided within the drive circuit. Upon input of a drive-stop signal from a control circuit that controls the drive circuit, the operation of at least the drive circuit stops, so that whether the diagnostic circuit, which diagnoses the condition of the load, is normally operating or not is checked in a condition in which the load drive circuit has been built into the electronic control device. 
     The load drive circuit according to the present invention has a configuration in which the drive circuit and the diagnostic circuit are independent of each other, and the operation of at least the drive circuit stops in response to a drive-stop signal from the control circuit. 
     According to one aspect of the load drive circuit of the present invention, a load drive signal is input to the load drive circuit, in which the operation of at least the drive circuit has stopped in response to the drive-stop signal from the control circuit, to detect an abnormality of the load, so that the whether the diagnostic circuit is normally operating or not is checked. 
     According to one aspect of the load drive circuit of the present invention, whether the diagnostic circuit is normally operating or not is checked during a system initialization process, which is executed after the control circuit, which controls the electronic control device including the load drive circuit, has been switched on. 
     According to one aspect of the load drive circuit of the present invention, whether the diagnostic circuit is normally operating or not is checked during a system stop process, which is executed during the period from the input of a power-off signal to the electronic control device including the load drive circuit until the power is actually switched off. 
     According to one aspect of the load drive circuit of the present invention, the drive circuit is a low-side driver; the drive circuit, in response to a drive-stop signal, enters a disable state in which the operation of at least the drive circuit stops; and the drive circuit, in response to an input signal for driving, causes the diagnostic circuit to monitor the voltage at a terminal of the load or the current flowing through the drive circuit, so that the operation of the diagnostic circuit is checked. 
     According to one aspect of the load drive circuit of the present invention, the drive circuit is a high-side driver; the drive circuit, in response to a drive-stop signal, enters a disable state in which the operation of at least the drive circuit stops; and the drive circuit, in response to an input signal for driving, causes the diagnostic circuit to monitor the voltage at a terminal of the load or the current flowing through the drive circuit, so that the operation of the diagnostic circuit is checked. 
     According to one aspect of the load drive circuit of the present invention, the drive circuit is a motor drive circuit that drives a motor such as a brushed DC motor, three-phase motor, or stepping motor; the drive circuit, in response to a drive-stop signal, enters a disable state in which the operation of at least the drive circuit stops; and the drive circuit, in response to an input signal for driving, causes the diagnostic circuit to monitor the voltage at a terminal of the load or the current flowing through the drive circuit, so that the operation of the diagnostic circuit is checked. 
     According to one aspect of the load drive circuit of the present invention, the load drive circuit is built into a vehicle&#39;s load drive device, and whether the diagnostic circuit is normally operating or not is checked during the system initialization process, which is executed after an ignition key of a vehicle has been turned to an “on” position. 
     According to one aspect of the load drive circuit of the present invention, the load drive circuit is built into a vehicle&#39;s load drive device, and whether the diagnostic circuit is normally operating or not is checked during the system stop process, which is executed after an ignition key of a vehicle has been turned to be an “off” position. 
     According to one aspect of the load drive circuit of the present invention, a switching element of the drive circuit is a bipolar transistor. 
     According to one aspect of the load drive circuit of the present invention, a switching element of the drive circuit is an FET. 
     According to one aspect of the load drive circuit of the present invention, a switching element of the drive circuit is an IGBT. 
     According to the present invention, whether the diagnostic circuit in the drive circuit is normally operating or not can be easily checked without detaching the load drive circuit from the electronic control device, deliberately causing the load to have an abnormality, or modifying the electronic control device. 
     In the vehicle&#39;s load drive device, whether the diagnostic circuit is normally operating or not can be easily checked during the system initialization process or system stop process, which is executed every time an ignition key is turned to an “on” or “off” position. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       In the accompanying drawings: 
         FIG. 1  illustrates Embodiment 1 in which the present invention is applied to a low-side driver circuit; 
         FIG. 2  illustrates an operation check sequence of a diagnostic circuit when power is switched on; 
         FIG. 3  illustrates an operation check sequence of the diagnostic circuit when power is switched off; 
         FIG. 4  illustrates Embodiment 2 in which the present invention is applied to a high-side driver circuit; and 
         FIG. 5  illustrates Embodiment 3 in which the present invention is applied to an H-bridge driver circuit which drives a brushed DC motor. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings. 
     Embodiment 1 
       FIG. 1 , which relates to Embodiment 1, is a block diagram illustrating the configuration of a low-side driver circuit, which is one of the drive circuits of a vehicle&#39;s engine control module  4  (hereinafter also referred to as an “ECM”) mounted in a vehicle. 
     The low-side driver circuit is a circuit provided downstream of a power supply  1  and a load  2 , which is a drive circuit  5  including a diagnostic circuit  107  for monitoring the voltage at a connection terminal of the load and an FET  104 , which is a switching element, or for monitoring the current flowing through the load. As illustrated in  FIG. 1 , the drive circuit  5  further includes a power supply  101 , current sources  102  and  103 , resistor  105  having a current flow  106  across the input terminals  114  of the diagnostic circuit  107 , logic circuit  108  for communication with the control circuit  6 , and pre-driver  116 . The input to the pre-driver  116  is output  117  of the logic circuit  108 , and the output of the pre-driver  116  is input  112  to the FET  104 . Inputs to the diagnostic circuit include inputs  113 ,  114 , and  115 , as well as communication line  111  between the diagnostic circuit  107  and the control circuit  6 . The drive circuit  5  is connected to a control circuit  6 , which controls the drive circuit  5 . Note that it is also possible to employ, depending on the characteristics of the load to be driven, a structure in which the drive circuit is protected with the use of a clamping Zener diode, a free wheel diode, or the like. Examples of loads include solenoids, relays, switches, and heaters. In the example illustrated in  FIG. 1 , a solenoid is used. In addition, examples of input signals for driving the load include signals of frequency, PWN, voltage, and current. 
     The diagnostic circuit in the drive circuit illustrated in  FIG. 1  determines that the circuit is shorted to GND  3  via drive terminal  9  if the voltage of a drive terminal  8  when the drive circuit is off (that is, when the FET  104  is off) is less than or equal to a predetermined voltage; that the circuit is shorted to the power supply if the voltage of the drive terminal  8  when the drive circuit is on (that is, when the FET  104  is on) is greater than or equal to a predetermined voltage; and that the load is broken when the voltage of the drive terminal  8  when the drive circuit is on (that is, when the FET  104  is on) is an intermediate potential (and diagnosis may further be conducted by monitoring a current). 
     Generally, once an engine control module has been mounted in a vehicle, it is impossible to cause a load to have an abnormality; therefore, the operation of a diagnostic circuit cannot be checked. However, the present invention makes it possible to check the operation of the diagnostic circuit after the engine control module has been mounted in a vehicle. The operation principle is described hereinafter. 
     A stop signal (ENA signal)  109  is transmitted from the control circuit to a drive-stop terminal (ENA terminal), which is added as a function to the drive circuit. Accordingly, after that, the pre-driver  116  will not be turned on in response to the application of an input signal  110  for driving. Thus, the FET  104 , which is a switching element, remains off. Here, the diagnostic circuit  107  diagnoses the load in accordance with the input signal for driving. Generally, the FET  104 , which is a switching element, is turned on in response to the input signal  110  for driving, whereby the voltage level of the drive terminal  8  becomes low. However, since the function of the drive circuit stops at such point, the voltage of the drive terminal  8  is unchanged at a high level. (It is also possible to monitor a current to check if there is no current flow.) In the above manner, the diagnostic circuit detects an abnormality of the load. 
     Next, an operation check sequence for checking the operation of such diagnostic circuit when power is switched on and off is described. 
       FIG. 2  illustrates the operation check sequence of the diagnostic circuit when power is switched on. Once an ignition switch IGN_SW is turned from an “off” position  501  to an “on” position  502 , ECM power is supplied and a CPU starts initialization. As shown in  FIG. 2 , ECM power transitions from low level  503  to high level  505  when ECM power is turned on. The time between the ignition switch IGN_SW going high and the ECM power going on is represented by period  504 . Before initialization of the CPU process, which occurs during period  507 , the off state of the CPU process is represented by low level  506 . The normal process  508  of the CPU occurs after the initialization. Then, a signal for diagnostic checking is requested via communication and a diagnostic checking signal  509  is input. With this signal, diagnosis in an inactive (disable) state is conducted first. Here, the diagnostic circuit judges the presence or absence of an abnormality, and then, it conducts diagnosis in an active (enable) state. As shown in  FIG. 2 , the ENA signal  109  changes from low level  510  (“off”) to high level  511  (“on”) during transmission of the diagnostic checking signal  509 . These diagnosis results are transmitted to the control circuit  6  via the communication line  111 , so that initialization is terminated and the CPU enters the normal operation mode. The communication signals are illustrated in  FIG. 2  as pulses  513 ,  514 , and  515 , while a low signal level  512  is maintained between transmitted signals. Through the operation sequence described above, the operation of the diagnostic circuit when power is switched on is checked. 
       FIG. 3  illustrates the operation check sequence of the diagnostic circuit when power is switched off. Once IGN_SW is turned from an “on” position  601  to an “off” position  602 , the CPU switches from a normal process  605  to a stop process that occurs during period  606  and then to an off state  607 . Then, a signal for diagnostic checking is requested via communication signals  613 ,  614 , and  615  and a diagnostic checking signal  608  is input. With this signal, diagnosis in a disable state  610  is conducted, after the ENA signal changes from a high level  609 , to judge the presence or absence of an abnormality, and then, diagnosis in an enable state  611  is conducted. Then, these diagnosis results are transmitted to the control circuit, so that the stop process of the CPU is terminated and the supply of the ECM power is shut off, i.e., switched from “on” level  603  to “off” level  604 . After the communication signals  613 ,  614 , and  615 , the communication signal level returns to the low level  612 . Through the operation sequence described above, the operation of the diagnostic circuit when power is switched off is checked. 
     The two sequences described above are basically performed every time IGN_SW is turned to an “on” or “off” position. However, depending on circumstances, the sequence can be performed only when IGN_SW is turned to either an “on” or “off” position. In addition, although diagnosis is also conducted in the enable state in the above sequences, the load is actually driven in this case. Therefore, a diagnostic circuit that has no influence on the operation of the load should be used. Otherwise, the operation of the diagnostic circuit should be checked only in the disable state. Alternatively, if the operation of the load in the normal operation stops for a longer time than the time required for diagnosis, diagnosis similar to the aforementioned can be conducted. 
     Embodiment 2 
       FIG. 4 , which relates to Embodiment 2, is a block diagram illustrating the configuration of a high-side driver circuit, which is one of the drive circuits of an ECM mounted in a vehicle. 
     The high-side driver circuit is a circuit provided immediately downstream of a power supply  1  and upstream of a load  2 , which is a drive circuit  5  including a power supply  201 , current sources  202  and  203 , a resistor  205  through which is current flow  206  across a diagnostic circuit  207  for monitoring the voltage at a connection terminal of the load and an FET  204 , which is a switching element, or for monitoring the current flowing through the load. The drive circuit  5 , which further includes a pre-driver  216  and logic circuit  208 , is connected to a control circuit  6 , which controls the drive circuit  5 . The pre-driver  216  has an input  217  from the logic circuit  208  and an output  212  to the FET  204 . Inputs to the diagnostic circuit include inputs  213 ,  214 , and  215 , as well as communication line  211  between the diagnostic circuit  207  and the control circuit  6 . Note that it is also possible to employ, depending on the characteristics of the load to be driven, a structure in which the drive circuit is protected with the use of a clamping Zener diode, a free wheel diode, or the like. Examples of loads include solenoids, relays, and heaters. In the example illustrated in  FIG. 4 , a solenoid is used. 
     The diagnostic circuit in the drive circuit illustrated in  FIG. 4  determines that the circuit is shorted to GND if the voltage of a drive terminal when the drive circuit is ON (that is, when the FET  204  is on) is less than or equal to a predetermined voltage; that the circuit is shorted to the power supply if the voltage of the drive terminal when the drive circuit is off (that is, when the FET  204  is off) is greater than or equal to a predetermined voltage; and that the load is broken when the voltage of the drive terminal when the drive circuit is on (that is, when the FET  204  is on) is an intermediate potential (and diagnosis may further be conducted by monitoring a current). 
     The operation principle of the diagnostic circuit according to the present embodiment is described hereinafter. 
     An ENA signal  209 , which is a stop signal, is transmitted from the control circuit  6  to a drive-stop terminal (ENA terminal) added to the drive circuit  5 . Accordingly, after that, the pre-driver  216  will not output a signal that turns on the FET  204 , which is a switching element, in response to the application of an input signal  210 , because the function of the drive circuit  5  has been stopped. Thus, the load  2  remains off. Here, the diagnostic circuit diagnoses the load in response to the input signal  210 . Generally, the FET  204 , which is a switching element, is turned on in response to an input signal, whereby the voltage level of a drive terminal becomes high. However, since the switching element is not turned on here, the voltage of the drive terminal is unchanged at a low level. Accordingly, the diagnostic circuit detects an abnormality of the load. 
     Hereinafter, the operation of the diagnostic circuit can be checked in a similar way to that described in Embodiment 1, based on the operation check sequence for checking the operation of the diagnostic circuit when power is switched on and off. 
     Embodiment 3 
       FIG. 5 , which relates to Embodiment 3, is a block diagram illustrating the configuration of an H-bridge driver circuit for driving a brushed DC motor, which is one of the drive circuits of an ECM mounted in a vehicle. 
     The H-bridge driver circuit includes a power supply  1 , a motor  7  (hereinafter also referred to as a load  7 ), a drive circuit  5  including FETs  304 A 1 ,  304 A 2 ,  304 B 1 , and  304 B 2  having gates  312 A 1 ,  312 A 2 ,  312 B 1 , and  312 B 2 , respectively, which are switching elements provided upstream and downstream of the motor, on the H bridge, and a diagnostic circuit  307 , which monitors the voltage of a terminal of the drive circuit or the current flowing through the load. The drive circuit  5  includes power supplies  301 A and  301 B and current sources  302 A,  302 B,  303 A, and  303 B. The diagnostic circuit  307  has inputs  313 A,  313 B,  314 A,  314 B, and  315 , as well as communication line  311  between the diagnostic circuit  307  and the control circuit  6 . Resistors  305 A and  305 B are disposed between inputs  314 A and  314 B, as shown in  FIG. 5 . The H-bridge driver circuit, which further includes a pre-driver  316  and logic circuit  308 , is connected to a control circuit  6  which controls the H-bridge driver circuit. The logic circuit  308  has inputs  309 ,  310 A and  310 B and outputs  317 A and  317 B. As illustrated in  FIG. 5 , the diagnostic circuit  307  built into the H-bridge driver circuit monitors the drive current when the switching elements are on and the voltage of the terminal when the switching elements are on/off, and it detects an excess current or low voltage. 
     First, a stop signal (ENA signal)  309  is transmitted from the control circuit to a drive-stop terminal (ENA terminal), which is added as a function to the drive circuit  5 . After that, the switching elements (FET)  304 A 1 ,  304 A 2 ,  304 B 1 , and  304 B 2  will not be turned on in response to the application of input signals  310  because the function of the drive circuit has been stopped. Thus, the load  7  remains off. Here, the diagnostic circuit diagnoses the load in response to the input signal. Generally, the FETs  304 A 1 ,  304 A 2 ,  304 B 1 , and  304 B 2 , which are switching elements, are turned on in response to input signals, whereby the voltage level of a drive terminal becomes high. However, since the switching elements are not turned on here, the voltage of the drive terminal is kept at an intermediate voltage level due to the voltage source in the drive circuit. Accordingly, the diagnostic circuit can detect an abnormality. The operation of the diagnostic circuit can be checked in a similar way to that described in Embodiment 1, based on the sequence (see  FIG. 2 ) when power is switched on and the sequence (see  FIG. 3 ) when power is switched off. 
     INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY 
     The method of checking the operation of the diagnostic circuit in the load drive circuit according to the present invention can be widely applied not only to electronic control devices such as controllers of vehicles, motorcycles, agricultural vehicles, machine tools, or vessels, but also to general electronic control devices for driving loads, after the drive circuit has been mounted in such an electronic control device.