Abstract:
A tool for musical string instruments that is to be mounted in contact with a vibrating part of the instrument, made up of two stably coupled portions ( 11, 13; 16, 17; 25, 26, 27, 28 ), one made of wood, the other made of a material different from wood.

Description:
TECHNICAL SECTOR 
     The present invention relates to an accessory, or tool, for musical string instruments, for example violins, violas, cellos, double basses, etc. 
     In greater detail, it regards an accessory that when the instrument used vibrates as a result of the vibrations of the strings, in turn affecting the acoustic result of the instrument. 
     Principally, the accessory in question is a tuning peg, but it may be constituted by the end button set at the base of the sound box or by the tailpiece that tensions the strings in co-operation with the pegs. 
     PRIOR ART 
     It is known that the physical and mechanical characteristics of the accessories mentioned above significantly affect the quality of the sound rendering it more or less soft or metallic. 
     For this reason, musicians are extremely careful in the choice of the accessories and the possibility of obtaining via an appropriate choice thereof a sound of different quality. 
     One of the characteristics that affects the acoustic response of the accessories is given by the material chosen to produce them, a choice that generally falls on different types of hard wood, such as for example rosewood, ebony, and box wood. 
     At the current state of the art, also known are accessories made up of a number of materials. 
     An example is provided in the patents Nos. EP0798692 and U.S. Pat. No. 2,232,453, which describe pegs made of wood traversed by a core made of metal material. 
     Even though the structure in two components certainly affects in some way the acoustic effect of the accessory, the examples referred to above have in actual fact the function of varying the operations of tensioning of the string, but leave the problem of affecting the acoustic result in the desired way unsolved; rather, since they are made up of a number of parts mobile with respect to one another, they are not suitable for achieving the desired purpose. 
     PURPOSE OF THE INVENTION 
     With the present invention the aim is to overcome the drawbacks of the solutions already known. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The above purpose is achieved by providing an accessory for musical string instruments according to at least one of the annexed claims. 
     The main advantage of the invention lies in the possibility of affecting in the desired way the quality of the sound of the instrument by choosing an accessory that will respond to the effects that the musician wishes to achieve. 
    
    
     
       LIST OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The above and further advantages will be better understood by Any person skilled in the branch from the ensuing description and from the annexed drawings, which are provided by way of non-limiting example and in which: 
         FIG. 1  shows a violin; 
         FIG. 2  shows a detail of the neck of the violin and of the pegs connected thereto; 
         FIG. 3  shows a detail of the sound box of the violin and of a tailpiece connected thereto; 
         FIG. 4  shows a detail in rear view of the sound box and of the end button fixed thereto; 
         FIG. 5  shows in cross section a peg, provided by way of example of accessory according to the invention; 
         FIG. 6  shows the peg of  FIG. 5  in cross-sectional view; 
         FIG. 7 ,  8  show in plan view and from above, respectively, a tailpiece according to the invention; 
         FIG. 9  shows an end button according to the invention; 
         FIG. 10  shows a top-plan view of the inner hidden face of a tailpiece according to the invention; 
         FIG. 11-13  show a preferred embodiment of a tailpiece according to the invention; and 
         FIG. 13   a  shows a detail in the longitudinal section a-a of the tailpiece of  FIG. 13 . 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     With reference to the annexed drawings, there now follows a description of an accessory for musical string instruments. 
     In the example described, generic reference will be made to the structure of a violin  1 , provided with pegs  5  according to the invention, but it is understood that accessories according to the invention, such as the pegs, the end buttons, or the tailpieces, can be applied to musical string instruments of any type. 
     With reference to  FIG. 1 , a violin  1  is represented formed generically by a sound box  2  extending at the top from which is a neck  3  and which is provided at the bottom with an end button  6 , visible in  FIG. 4 . 
     Provided at the end of the neck  3  is a pegbox  4  mounted on which are the pegs  5  that can turn with friction, each winding the end of a string  7 . 
     At the opposite end with respect to the pegbox  4  the strings  7  are moreover connected to the engagement points  15  of a tailpiece  8  fixed to the sound box  2  with the bottom or tail portion  14 , in such a way said that, by turning the pegs  5  the tension of the strings is adjusted and consequently it is possible to tune the instrument. 
     With reference to  FIG. 5 , a peg  5  according to the invention is described, comprising a generally frustoconical stem  9 , with axis  12 , which at the end of larger diameter terminates with a manual-gripping portion  10 . 
     The peg  5  is made up of two parts, each made of a different material, and in particular a central core  11  surrounded by a peripheral portion  13 . 
     The central portion  11  is made of a non-metal material, preferably selected from among carbon fibre, Kevlar, and composite materials in general, whilst the outer portion  13  is made of wood, also to enable easy machining thereof to reduce the diameter if need be. 
     In a preferred embodiment, the peg  5  is obtained by making the central bore corresponding to the portion  11 , and then inserting the central portion  13  after applying a glue suitable for the materials chosen. 
     Advantageously, since the portion  13  is not made of metal material, it can be bored in a transverse direction to create the bore  20  for attachment of the string to the peg, without deviating the drill and damaging the peg, as would occur if a metal insert were used. 
     With reference to  FIGS. 7 and 8  a tailpiece  8  according to the invention is described, made up of two layers  16 ,  17  stably coupled by gluing and obtained starting from different materials, in particular a layer of wood and a reinforcement layer made of carbon fibre, Kevlar, or composite materials in general. 
     The reinforcement layer  17  may advantageously be arranged on the inner side as shown in  FIG. 8 , or on the outer side of the tailpiece  8 , or on both. 
     Preferably, the tailpiece  8  can have a string-rest reinforcement  21  made, for example, of carbon fibre, Kevlar, or composite materials in general. 
     Once again in  FIGS. 10-12  further embodiments of the tailpiece  8  are illustrated, where a longitudinal reinforcement  27  made of carbon fibre, Kevlar, composite materials in general or even metals, such as titanium or magnesium, is glued or in any case coupled to the wooden body  28  of the tailpiece. 
     Advantageously, the reinforcement  27  may have a longitudinal rectilinear shape ( FIG. 10 ) or assume different shapes, for example a generic V shape diverging towards the part of attachment of the strings to the tailpiece or an X shape ( FIG. 11 ) possibly with a transverse reinforcement ( FIG. 12 ). 
     Advantageously,  FIGS. 11-13  show a tailpiece  8  in which the engagement points  15  for the strings  7  are provided with inserts  29  made of a material, in the point of contact with the strings, such as carbon fibre, Kevlar or composite materials in general, or even metals such as titanium or magnesium. 
     The inserts  29  may be provided in tailpieces without fine tuners, as shown in  FIGS. 11 and 12 , or in tailpieces provided with fine tuners  30 , better represented schematically in  FIGS. 13 and 13   a , which illustrate a fine tuner with a tensioning screw  31  of a hook or tooth  32  capable of tensioning a string remaining resting upon the insert  29 . 
     With reference to  FIG. 9 , an end button  6  according to the invention is described, comprising a generally frustoconical stem  22 , with axis  23 , which at the end of larger diameter terminates with a resting portion  24 . 
     The end button  6  is made up of two parts, each made of a different material, and in particular a central core  25  surrounded by a peripheral portion  26 . 
     The central portion  25  is made of a metal or non-metal material, preferably selected from among steel, carbon fibre, Kevlar, and composite materials in general, whereas the outer portion  26  is made of wood. 
     In a preferred embodiment, the end button  6  is obtained by making the central bore corresponding to the portion  25 , and then inserting therein the central portion  25  after applying a glue suitable for the materials chosen. 
     Advantageously, the choice of the materials and of the type of coupling chosen determines the quality of the sound, which may be produced according to the effect that the musician wishes to reproduce. 
     The present invention has been described according to preferred embodiments, but equivalent variants may be conceived without thereby departing from the sphere of protection granted.