Abstract:
A package is disclosed herein which may contain a fluid material which is capable of being discharged from the package by the application of manual pressure from a thumb and a forefinger to the package so as to cause the package to burst in a controlled fashion to discharge the fluid material contained within the package. The package comprises a chamber which receives the fluid material discharged from a containing chamber after the containing chamber is burst by manual pressure, so as to control the rate and manner of discharge of the fluid material from the package.

Description:
BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention relates to packaging generally, and is more specifically related to a package which may contain a single portion, dose or application of fluid material and which will discharge the fluid material from the package in a controlled fashion by the application of manual pressure to the package and the fluid material contained therein. 
     Various packages or containers are available in the prior art which contain a single portion, dose or application of liquid, semi-solid, colloidal or other fluid material. More particularly, the art to which this invention is directed is that which is characterized by two sheets of material, generally plastic or metal foil, which are sealed or seamed around the perimeter to form an envelope which contains the fluid material. Specific examples are single portion packages of condiments, such as ketchup and mustard, which are found in the food industry, and single application packages of lotions, such as hand lotion, or single doses of medicines which are contained in similar packaging. 
     To open these packages, the seal must be torn or ripped, which can be difficult to accomplish by manual means. Plastic packages, which are more common than foil packages due to cost, are difficult to grip, and the most difficult part of the package to tear is at the seam. While these packages are generally easy to cut with scissors or similar tools, such tools are not readily available in many situations, such as at restaurants where single portion packages of condiments are dispensed. 
     Accordingly, it has long been desired that single portion packages of this type be capable of opening by the application of manual pressure to the package and to the contents of the package. The difficulty in producing such a package has been the achievement of a seal or other means which will control the rate of discharge of the material from the package in a satisfactory manner, while not being subject to bursting in an undesired fashion. While the prior art has produced a seal which will burst under manual pressure, this seal may be too easily burst, resulting in the contents being discharged at an undesired time, such as during the shipping and handling of the package. Seals in the prior art which are more difficult to burst under manual pressure tend to cause the contents to be discharged with such force that the application of the contents cannot be properly controlled. Certainly, in the restaurant setting, having condiments discharged from the packaging in an uncontrolled fashion is not conducive to the sanitation of a restaurant. Likewise, where medicines are contained within such packages, if a portion of the contents is misdirected, proper dosage cannot be controlled. 
     The present invention provides a single portion, dose or application package from which the contents can be discharged in a controlled fashion by applying manual pressure, most commonly by the thumb and forefinger, to the package and its contents. The present invention comprises a chamber which is formed by two sheets of material sealed around the perimeter, with a portion of the perimeter seal produced so as to peel apart in a controlled fashion as the fluid material contents are forced against the seal by manual pressure, so as to release the contents in a relatively slow, controlled fashion. While a single chamber sealed in this fashion will produce a package, standing alone, which will satisfactorily dispense the contents thereof by the manual application of pressure, to further insure the controlled discharge of the fluid material from the package, a second chamber may be employed which is empty until the contents of the first chamber are discharged, with the second chamber receiving the contents of the first chamber upon discharge of the first chamber. This second chamber further has a seal which will burst under a smaller amount of manual pressure than the seal in the first chamber, so as to discharge the fluid material contents from the package in a controlled fashion. 
    
    
     SUMMARY OF DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the package material with manual pressure being applied to the package and the fluid contents contained therein. 
     FIG. 2 is top, plan view of the package invention. FIGS. 3A-3D are top, fragmentary views showing the progression of the fluid material through the package and the discharge of the material from the package. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the package with manual pressure being applied to the first chamber 2 and the liquid material 6 contained in the first chamber 2. The seal 8 is shown as it begins to peel apart from pressure exerted on it as the fluid material 6 enters the seal 8 under manual pressure toward the second chamber 4 which is contiguous to the first chamber 2 and which is separated by the seal 8. 
     FIG. 2 depicts a top, plan view of the package, with the first chamber 2, seal 8, second chamber 4, and discharge seal 10. Also shown is the package seal 12 around three sides of the perimeter of the package, which is not capable of bursting under manual pressure. 
     FIG. 3A depicts a fragment of the package in a static position, viewed from the top, with the fluid material 6 located in the first chamber 2, and contained by the package seal 12, and seal 8. Contiguous to seal 8 in the first chamber is the second chamber 4, which is bordered by package seal 12 and discharge seal 10. 
     FIG. 3B is substantially identical to FIG. 3A, but depicts the package as it becomes dynamic cue to pressure being applied to the first chamber 2 and fluid material contents 6, and shows seal 8 beginning to separate. FIG. 3B is derived substantially from Section 3B--3B of FIG. 1. 
     FIG. 3C continues he progression of the fluid material 6 as it exits the first chamber 2 through seal 8, and fills second chamber 4. 
     FIG. 3D depicts the fluid material 6 under pressure having the discharge seal so as to exit the package. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     The present invention is a package which contains a single portion, dose, or application of a liquid, semi-solid, colloidal, or fluid material, which, upon sufficient manual pressure being applied to the package, will discharge the contents of the package in a controlled manner for the desired application of the contents. 
     The package is characterized by two sheets of material, preferably plastic which are sealed around the perimeter of the package as will be more fully disclosed herein. A seal 8 is utilized which will burst as pressure is exerted on the package and the contents of the package. The makeup of this seal 8, as will be seen herein, yields a package from which the contents can be discharged in a controlled fashion by applying manual squeezing pressure to the package and the contents. 
     In the preferred embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, the package is constructed from two parallel sheets of material which are substantially identical to each other, having the same size and shape. The two sheets of material are attached to each other by sealing, and in the case of plastic, by sealing the two sheets by means of relatively high heat and pressure around a majority of the perimeter of the package, to produce a permanent package seal 12. This permanent seal 12 is not susceptible to breaking or bursting under manual pressure, and is similar to the type of seal used in sealing single portion packages presently in the art. By sealing the two sheets of material around the perimeter, a void remains within the package in which the fluid material contents are contained. 
     The present invention, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, utilizes a first chamber 2 and a second chamber 4. The first chamber 2 contains the fluid material 6 contents of the package. The second chamber 4 is contiguous to the first chamber 2, but is separated by seal 8. 
     When manual pressure is applied to the first chamber 2 portion of the package and the fluid material 6 contained therein, seal 8 separating the first and second chamber burst. This seal is designed so that it burst upon pressure being placed upon it by squeezing of the package manually, such as by the thumb 14 and forefinger 16 as shown in FIG. 1. 
     The pressure upon seal 8 causes seal 8 to burst as is shown in FIGS. 1 and 3B, with the fluid material 6 entering seal 8 and forcing it apart so as allow the discharge or exit of the fluid material 6 from the first chamber 2. As seal 8 is sufficiently separated, fluid material 6 enters the second chamber 4. As the fluid material 6 enters the second chamber 4, the rate and force of flow of the fluid material 6 is slowed due to the increased volume provided by second chamber 4. As the second chamber 4 fills with fluid material 6 and the pressure of the fluid material therein increases, the discharge seal 10 breaks, allowing the material 6 to exit from the package in a controlled fashion so that the application of the contents of the package can be performed in a satisfactory manner. 
     Seal 8 may produced by applying a heated die to the external surfaces of the two sheets of material. Specifications of the seal and the temperature of the die which are required for the seal to burst at the proper pressure are determined by the contents of the package, and the material from which the packet is constructed. 
     The material may be a plastic poly film. By way of example, if poly vinyl stearate film which is 2.2 mil thick may be used. An example of this material is sold under the trade designation James River C Z 216. Seal 10 may be formed by a quarter inch wide die heated to 180° F., with a pressure of 106 pounds per square inch (p.s.i.) applied for 0.5 seconds. For this specified material, this combination of temperature, pressure, and dwell time will give the desired peel and bursting pressure, for seal 10, of 0.5 p.s.i. Seal 12 may be formed from this material by using a straight line die of three lines heated to 240° F., with a die pressure of 106 p.s.i. applied for 2 seconds. This combination of temperature and pressure will produce a seal having a bursting strength in excess of 3.5  p.s.i., which is required to prevent bursting of this seal in an undesired manner, or under manual pressure. 
     Seal 8 may be produced by a two line die heated to 205° F. and applied to the material for 1.5 seconds at a die pressure of 106 p.s.i. This will result in a seal with a peel and bursting pressure of approximately 2.2 p.s.i. 
     It has been found that a bursting pressure for seal 8 of 2.0 to 2.3 p.s.i. will produce a seal which will allow the discharge of the fluid contents by application of manual pressure to first chamber 2 without the package being overly susceptible to accidental or undesired discharge of the contents. Second chamber 4 further insures against undesired discharge, and further controls the discharge rate of the fluid contents of the package. As the fluid material is discharged from first chamber 2, its velocity is slowed as it enters and begins to fill chamber 2. This reduction of velocity of the material is slowed both by the second chamber 4, and the presence of seal 10. Seal 10 will burst rather easily as the fluid material enters the second chamber since it has a preferred bursting pressure of between 0.25 to 0.7 p.s.i., however, by the time seal 10 bursts, the velocity of the fluid material has been slowed and reduced to a rate which is easy to control as a result of filling the second chamber. 
     Bursting pressure or seal strength, for each seal is a function of die configuration, die temperature, die pressure, die dwell time and the material used. A peel characteristic for each seal, especially seal 8, may be desirable, and this &#34;peel strength&#34; is also a function of these variables. For each material to be used, and for each die used, the temperature, pressure and dwell time must be determined which will yield the required seal characteristics. 
     The present invention provides a package which may be used for single portion, application or dose packaging of various fluid materials ranging from food condiments such as ketchup to liquid medicines. The package may be opened by squeezing the contents within the package under manual pressure by the thumb and forefinger, while controlling the rate of discharge of the material from the package so that proper application and dispensation can be achieved. The package is superior to the prior art in that it is easier to open and requires no tools, and is designed so as to direct the contents of the package in a controlled fashion to the desired point of application.