Abstract:
A non-volatile semiconductor memory device according to the present invention includes: a plurality of element isolation regions formed at predetermined intervals in the main surface of a semiconductor substrate; a first silicon oxide film, a nitride film and a second silicon oxide film formed on the semiconductor substrate; a word line formed on the second silicon oxide film; an interlayer insulating film formed on the word line; a plurality of bit lines formed on the interlayer insulating film in a plurality of regions positioned above the plurality of element isolation regions; and an interlayer insulating film formed between the bit lines. Accordingly, in this non-volatile semiconductor memory device, the withstand voltage between the bit lines increases and, therefore, the occurrence of current leakage can be prevented so that an improvement in performance can be implemented. In addition, the manufacturing cost can be lowered.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The present invention relates to a non-volatile semiconductor memory device, and more particularly to a non-volatile semiconductor memory device wherein storage of binary values is possible. 
     2. Description of the Background Art 
     An NROM (nitride read-only memory) type flash EEPROM (hereinafter referred to as NROM), which is a type of flash EEPROM, has been gaining attention as a type of non-volatile semiconductor memory device. An NROM has been reported in U.S. Pat. No. 6,011,725 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,768,192. 
     FIG. 18 is a layout view showing a portion of a memory cell array of an NROM according to a prior art. 
     In reference to FIG. 18, the memory cell array of the NROM includes a plurality of word lines  1  arranged in rows and a plurality of bit lines  2  arranged in columns. Each memory cell MC is arranged in a region  3  surrounded by dotted lines. 
     FIG. 19 is a schematic cross sectional view along line segment XIX—XIX in FIG.  18 . 
     In reference to FIG. 19, bit lines  2  are formed at predetermined intervals on the main surface of a p well  10 . A bit line  2  is a diffusion bit line formed as an n-type diffusion region. A silicon oxide film  11  is formed on each bit line  2 . A silicon oxide film  12  is formed on the main surface of p well  10  between two bit lines  2 . A nitride film  13  for storing a charge is formed on silicon oxide film  12 . A silicon oxide film  14  is formed on nitride film  13 . A word line  1  is formed above silicon oxide films  14  and  11 . Word line  1  is formed of polysilicon. 
     As shown in FIG. 19, a charge storage portion of a memory cell of the NROM has a layered structure (hereinafter referred to as an ONO layered structure) of silicon oxide film  12 , nitride film  13  and silicon oxide film  14 . In the NROM a charge of one bit is stored in a region, positioned above each bit line  2 , at each of the two ends of nitride film  13  in the ONO layered structure. According to the above-described structure, two bits can be stored in one memory cell of the NROM. In addition, as shown in FIG. 18, memory cells next to each other with a bit line between them share bit line  2  placed between the neighboring memory cells as a source or a drain. 
     As a result, the area occupied for one bit is greatly reduced to 2.5 F 2  in the NROM in comparison with 5 F 2  to 15 F 2  in a conventional NOR-type flash EEPROM. 
     As described above, an enhancement of integration is possible in the NROM and cost can be reduced. 
     As shown in FIG. 19, however, element isolation regions do not exist between the bit lines of the NROM unlike in the conventional flash EEPROM. Accordingly, the withstand voltage between bit lines deteriorates leading to the possibility of the occurrence of charge leakage. 
     In addition, as shown in FIG. 19, bit line  2  of the NROM is formed through diffusion. Accordingly, the electrical resistance of the bit line is high. As a result, there is a possibility that the performance of the NROM may be inferior to that of the conventional flash EEPROM. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     An object of the present invention is to provide a non-volatile semiconductor memory device wherein the occurrence of current leakage is prevented by increasing the withstand voltage between bit lines so that an increase in performance can be implemented and of which the cost of manufacture is inexpensive. 
     A non-volatile semiconductor memory device according to the present invention includes a semiconductor substrate of a first conductive type having a main surface, a plurality of conductive regions of a second conductive type, a plurality of insulating regions, a first insulating film, a charge storage film, a second insulating film and a plurality of conductive lines. The plurality of conductive regions is formed in the main surface of the semiconductor substrate. The plurality of insulating regions is formed in the main surface of the semiconductor substrate and is arranged so as to alternate with the plurality of conductive regions. The first insulating film is formed on the main surface of the semiconductor substrate. The charge storage film is formed on the first insulating film and has a plurality of storage regions. The second insulating film is formed on the charge storage film. The plurality of conductive lines is formed on the second insulating film. 
     According to the present invention, an isolation oxide film is formed between each pair of bit lines in the layout of the memory cell array of the non-volatile semiconductor memory device. Accordingly, the withstand voltage between bit lines is increased so that charge leakage can be restricted. 
     Furthermore, bit lines are formed of a metal instead of being diffusion bit lines and, therefore, the resistance of the bit lines can be reduced. As a result, the performance of the non-volatile semiconductor memory device can be increased. 
     The foregoing and other objects, features, aspects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of the present invention when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram showing in detail the configuration of a memory cell array block of a non-volatile semiconductor memory device according to an embodiment of the present invention; 
     FIGS. 2A to  2 D are schematic diagrams showing the operations of writing data into and of reading data from a non-volatile memory cell; 
     FIG. 3 is a layout view showing the configuration of the memory cell array of the non-volatile semiconductor memory device according to the mode of the present invention; 
     FIG. 4 is a schematic cross sectional view along line segment IV—IV in FIG. 3; 
     FIG. 5 is a schematic cross sectional view along line segment V—V in FIG. 3; 
     FIG. 6 is a schematic cross sectional view along line segment VI—VI in FIG. 3; 
     FIGS. 7 to  15 B are schematic cross sectional views for describing the first to eighth steps of a manufacturing process for a non-volatile semiconductor memory device according to a first embodiment; 
     FIG. 16 is a layout view showing the configuration of a memory cell array of a non-volatile semiconductor memory device according to a second embodiment; 
     FIG. 17 is a schematic cross sectional view along line segment XVII—XVII in FIG. 16; 
     FIG. 18 is a layout view showing a portion of a memory cell array of an NROM according to a prior art; and 
     FIG. 19 is a schematic cross sectional view along line segment XIX—XIX in FIG.  18 . 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     In the following, the embodiments of the present invention are described in detail in reference to the drawings. Here, the same symbols are attached to the same or corresponding parts in the drawings, of which the descriptions are not repeated. 
     (First Embodiment) 
     FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram showing in detail the configuration of a memory cell array block of a non-volatile semiconductor memory device according to an embodiment of the present invention. 
     In reference to FIG. 1, the memory cell array block is provided with a plurality of non-volatile memory cells MC, a plurality of word lines  20  and a plurality of bit lines  30 . 
     The plurality of word lines  20  is arranged in rows and the plurality of bit lines  30  is aligned in columns, respectively. 
     The plurality of non-volatile memory cells MC is arranged so that the respective cells are in the regions surrounded by word lines  20  and bit lines  30 . A plurality of non-volatile memory cells MC arranged so as to correspond to a plurality of regions located in the same row is connected in series so that the gates thereof are connected to the same word lines  20 . Here, bit lines  30  are aligned so as to pass through connection points between two neighboring non-volatile memory cells MC. 
     Here, a non-volatile memory cell MC has two storage regions. 
     In the following, the operations of writing data into and of reading data from such a non-volatile memory cell are described. 
     FIGS. 2A to  2 D are schematic diagrams showing the operations of writing data into and of reading data from a non-volatile memory cell. 
     In reference to FIG. 2A, the gate of a non-volatile memory cell MC is connected to a word line WL. In addition, non-volatile memory cell MC is connected to bit lines BL 1  and BL 2 . Non-volatile memory cell MC has a storage region L 1  on the bit line BL 1  side and has a storage region L 2  on the bit line BL 2  side as shown in FIG.  2 C. 
     First, the operation of writing into storage region L 1  is described. In reference to FIG. 2A, in the case that data is written into storage region L 1 , the potential of bit line BL 1  is maintained at writing potential VCCW while the potential of bit line BL 2  is maintained at ground potential GND. As a result, writing current Ifw flows from bit line BL 1  to bit line BL 2  through non-volatile memory cell MC. At this time, data is written into storage region L 1 . 
     Next, the operation of reading data from storage region L 1  is described. In reference to FIG. 2B, in the case that data is read from storage region L 1 , the potential of bit line BL 1  is maintained at ground potential GND while the potential of bit line BL 2  is maintained at reading potential VCCR. As a result, reading current Ifr flows from bit line BL 2  to bit line BL 1 . At this time, data in storage region L 1  is read out. 
     As shown in the above, the direction of current that flows at the time of writing operation and the direction of current that flows at the time of reading operation become opposite to each other in memory region L 1 . 
     The operation of writing into storage region L 2  is described. In reference to FIG. 2C, in the case of writing data into storage region L 2 , the potential of bit line BL 1  is maintained at ground potential GND while the potential of bit line BL 2  is maintained at writing potential VCCW. As a result, writing current Irw flows from bit line BL 2  to bit line BL 1 . At this time, data is written into storage region L 2 . 
     Next, the operation of reading data from storage region L 2  is described. In reference to FIG. 2D, in the case of reading data from storage region L 2 , the potential of bit line BL 1  is maintained at reading potential VCCR while the potential of bit line BL 2  is maintained at ground potential GND. As a result, reading current Irr flows from bit line BL 1  to bit line BL 2 . At this time, data of storage region L 2  is read out. 
     As shown in the above, the direction of current that flows at the time of writing operation and the direction of current that flows at the time of reading operation also become opposite to each other in storage region L 2 . 
     FIG. 3 is a layout view showing the configuration of the memory cell array of the non-volatile semiconductor memory device according to the embodiment of the present invention. 
     In reference to FIG. 3, a plurality of word lines  20   a  to  20   d  are aligned in rows while a plurality of bit lines  30   a  to  30   i  are arranged in columns. N wells  40  and element isolation regions  50  are alternately arranged, relative to a column, between neighboring word lines  20   a  and  20   b . Element isolation regions  50  are formed of a silicon oxide film. N wells  40  and element isolation regions  50  are alternately aligned between word lines  20   b  and  20   c , between word lines  20   c  and  20   d  and between other word lines in the same manner. 
     Bit lines  30   a  to  30   i  are arranged above n wells  40 . Bit lines  30   a  to  30   i  and n wells  40  located beneath them are connected via contact holes  60 . 
     FIG. 4 is a schematic cross sectional view along line segment IV—IV in FIG.  3 . FIG. 4 is a schematic cross sectional view in the direction of the bit lines. 
     In reference to FIG. 4, a p well  81  is formed in a region of a predetermined depth from the main surface of a semiconductor substrate  80 . N-type diffusion regions  40   a  to  40   d  are formed at predetermined intervals in the main surface of semiconductor substrate  80 . A silicon oxide film  82   a  is formed on the main surface of semiconductor substrate  80  between n-type diffusion regions  40   a  and  40   b . In the same manner, a silicon oxide film  82   b  is formed on the main surface of semiconductor substrate  80  between n-type diffusion regions  40   b  and  40   c . In the same manner, a silicon oxide film  82   c  is formed between n-type diffusion regions  40   c  and  40   d  and a silicon oxide film  82   d  is formed between n-type diffusion regions  40   d  and  40   e.    
     Nitride films  83   a  to  83   d  for storing charge are formed on silicon oxide films  82   a  to  82   d . Nitride film  83   a  has two storage regions, one on the n-type diffusion region  40   a  side and the other on the n-type diffusion region  40   b  side, respectively. As a result, one memory cell can store two bits. In the same manner, nitride films  83   b  to  83   d  respectively have two storage regions. 
     Silicon oxide films  84   a  to  84   d  are formed on nitride films  83   a  to  83   d . Word lines  20   a  to  20   d  are formed on silicon oxide films  84   a  to  84   d . Word lines  20   a  to  20   d  are formed of polysilicon. An interlayer insulating film  85  is formed above the main surface of semiconductor substrate  80  in regions located on n-type diffusion regions  40   a  to  40   e  and on word lines  20   a  to  20   d . An interlayer insulating film  86  is formed on interlayer insulating film  85 . 
     In FIG. 4, n-type diffusion region  40   a  and n-type diffusion region  40   b  work as a source region or a drain region of one non-volatile memory cell. These n-type diffusion regions, silicon oxide film  82   a , nitride film  83   a  having two storage regions, silicon oxide film  84   a  and word line  20   a  form the first non-volatile memory cell. In addition, n-type diffusion region  40   b , n-type diffusion region  40   c , silicon oxide film  82   b , nitride film  83   b , silicon oxide film  84   b  and word line  20   b  form the second non-volatile memory cell. At this time, n-type diffusion region  40   b  works as a source/drain region shared by the first and second non-volatile memory cells. 
     In the same manner, n-type diffusion region  40   c , n-type diffusion region  40   d , silicon oxide film  82   c , nitride film  83   c , silicon oxide film  84   c  and word line  20   c  form the third non-volatile memory cell and n-type diffusion region  40   d , n-type diffusion region  40   e , silicon oxide film  82   d , nitride film  83   d , silicon oxide film  84   d  and word line  20   d  form the fourth non-volatile memory cell. 
     FIG. 5 is a cross sectional view along line segment V—V in FIG.  3 . FIG. 5 is a cross sectional view in the direction of the word lines. 
     In reference to FIG. 5, p well  81  is formed in the region of the predetermined depth from the main surface of semiconductor substrate  80 . In addition, element isolation regions  50   a  to  50   i  are formed at predetermined intervals in the main surface of semiconductor substrate  80 . Element isolation regions  50   a  to  50   i  are formed of silicon oxide films. A region between element isolation regions  50   a  and  50   b  is a channel region of a memory cell MC. In the same manner, regions between the respective element isolation regions are channel regions of respective memory cells MC. 
     A silicon oxide film  82  is formed on the main surface of semiconductor substrate  80 . A nitride film  83  for storing charge is formed on silicon oxide film  82 . A silicon oxide film  84  is formed on nitride film  83 . Word line  20  is formed on silicon oxide film  84 . Interlayer insulating film  85  is formed on word line  20 . Bit lines  30   a  to  30   i  are formed in the regions located above element isolation regions  50   a  to  50   i , respectively. An aluminum-silicon-copper (Al—Si—Cu) alloy film can be used as a material for bit lines  30   a  to  30   i . Interlayer insulating film  86  is formed between the bit lines. 
     FIG. 6 is a cross sectional view along line segment VI—VI in FIG.  3 . 
     In reference to FIG. 6, p well  81  is formed in the region of the predetermined depth from the main surface of semiconductor substrate  80 . In addition, element isolation regions  50   a  to  50   i  are formed at predetermined intervals in the main surface of semiconductor substrate  80 . Element isolation regions  50   a ,  50   b ,  50   d ,  50   f ,  50   h  and  50   i  are formed at predetermined intervals in the main surface of semiconductor substrate  80 . N-type diffusion region  40   c  is formed between element isolation regions  50   a  and  50   b  in the main surface of semiconductor substrate  80 . In the same manner, n-type diffusion region  40   f  is formed between element isolation regions  50   b  and  50   d . N-type diffusion region  40   g  is formed between element isolation regions  50   d  and  50   f . N-type diffusion region  40   h  is formed between element isolation regions  50   f  and  50   h  and n-type diffusion region  40   i  is formed between element isolation regions  50   h  and  50   i.    
     Interlayer insulating film  85  is formed on the main surface of semiconductor substrate  80 . Bit lines  30   a  to  30   i  are formed on interlayer insulating film  85  at predetermined intervals in the same manner as in FIG.  5  and interlayer insulating film  86  is formed between the respective bit lines. 
     Portions of interlayer insulating film  85  are partially removed from regions located above n-type diffusion regions  40   c  and  40   f  to  40   i  and, thereby, contact holes  60   a  to  60   e  are created. Surfaces of n-type diffusion regions  40   c  and  40   f  to  40   i  are exposed at the bottoms of these contact holes  60   a  to  60   e . Bit lines  30   a ,  30   c ,  30   e ,  30   g  and  30   i  extend to the bottoms of contact holes  60   a  to  60   e  so as to be connected to n-type diffusion regions  40   c  and  40   f  to  40   i , respectively. 
     A manufacturing process for the non-volatile semiconductor memory device having the above described structure is described below. 
     FIGS. 7 to  13  are schematic cross sectional views for describing the manufacturing process for the non-volatile semiconductor memory device of the present invention. Here, FIGS. 7 to  9  and FIG. 11A, FIG. 12A, FIG.  13 A and FIG. 14A show schematic cross sectional views along line segment V—V within region  100  in FIG. 3 while FIG. 11B, FIG. 12B, FIG.  13 B and FIG. 14B show schematic cross sectional views along line segment VI—VI within region  100  in FIG.  3 . 
     In reference to FIG. 7, element isolation regions  50   a ,  50   b  and  50   c  are formed in the main surface of semiconductor substrate  80  that is a p-type semiconductor substrate. Element isolation regions  50   a ,  50   b  and  50   c  are formed as trench isolations. 
     Next, boron is implanted into semiconductor substrate  80 . Thereby, p well  81  is formed as shown in FIG.  8 . 
     Next, as shown in FIG. 9, silicon oxide film  82  is formed by using a thermal oxidation method on the main surface of semiconductor substrate  80 . Next, nitride film  83  is formed on silicon oxide film  82 . Nitride film  83  is formed by using a low pressure CVD (chemical vapor deposition) method. After that, silicon oxide film  84  is formed on nitride film  83 . 
     Next, as shown in FIG. 10, word line  20  is formed on silicon oxide film  84 . The material used for word line  20  is polysilicon, which is formed by using a low pressure CVD method. 
     Next, a resist film  110  having a predetermined pattern is formed on word line  20  by using a photolithographic method. As a result, resist film  110  is formed on word line  20 , as shown in FIG. 11A, in the cross section (hereinafter referred to as V—V cross section) along line segment V—V within region  100  in FIG.  3 . As shown in FIG. 11B, however, resist film  110  is not formed in the cross section (hereinafter referred to as VI—VI cross section) along line segment VI—VI within region  100  in FIG.  3 . 
     This resist film  110  is used as a mask so as to partially remove word line  20 . As a result, as shown in FIG. 12B, word line  20  is removed in the VI—VI cross section. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 12A, resist film  110  is formed on word line  20  in the V—V cross section and, therefore, word line  20  in the V—V cross section is not removed. 
     Then, silicon oxide film  84 , nitride film  83  and silicon oxide film  82  are partially removed. As a result, as shown in FIG. 13B, silicon oxide film  84 , nitride film  83  and silicon oxide film  82  are removed in the VI—VI cross section. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 13A, word line  20 , silicon oxide film  84 , nitride film  83  and silicon oxide film  82  remain unchanged in the V—V cross section without undergoing etching. 
     As a result, the memory cell array becomes of the condition where a plurality of word lines  20  are arranged in rows. On the other hand, the regions wherein word line  20  does not exist become of the condition wherein the main surface of semiconductor substrate  80  is exposed. After that, resist film  110  is removed. 
     Next, arsenic ions are implanted in the regions within the memory cell array wherein word line  20  does not exist and the main surface of semiconductor substrate  80  is exposed. After that, heat treatment is carried out by placing semiconductor substrate  80  in a nitrogen atmosphere at a predetermined temperature. This heat treatment activates the arsenic ions and, as a result, n-type diffusion region  40   c  is formed in the main surface of semiconductor substrate  80  in the VI—VI cross section, as shown in FIG.  13 B. 
     Next, interlayer insulating film  85  is formed on the plurality of word lines  20  within the memory cell array and on the main surface of semiconductor substrate  80 . Interlayer insulating film  85  is formed by using a CVD method and, after that, the interlayer insulating film is hardened by carrying out heat treatment on semiconductor substrate  80 . A resist film (not shown) is formed on this interlayer insulating film  85  using a lithographic method. This resist film is used as a mask to etch interlayer insulating film  85 . As a result, interlayer insulating film  85  is partially removed in the VI—VI cross section, as shown in FIG. 14B, so that contact hole  60   a  is created. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 14A, interlayer insulating film  85  is not etched in the V—V cross section. After this, the resist film is removed. 
     Next, an aluminum-silicon-copper (Al—Si—Cu) alloy film is formed as a conductive film so as to extend from the inside of contact hole  60   a  to the upper surface of interlayer insulating film  85  by using a sputtering method. A resist film (not shown) having a wiring pattern is formed on this alloy film by means of a photographic method. The alloy film is partially etched and removed by using this resist film as a mask. As a result, bit lines  30   a  to  30   c  aligned in columns are formed. After that, interlayer insulating film  86  is formed in the regions wherein the alloy film has been removed through etching. Thereby, the structure shown in the V—V cross section of FIG.  15 A and shown in the VI—VI cross section of FIG. 15B can be gained. 
     (Second Embodiment) 
     The non-volatile semiconductor memory device shown in the first embodiment has the configuration wherein one memory cell can store two bits by using nitride film  83 . 
     In the same manner as of the above nitride film, a silicon oxide film that includes a great number of polysilicon microscopic bodies can be used as a charge storage layer of one non-volatile memory cell in order to store two bits. A non-volatile memory cell wherein a silicon oxide film including polysilicon microscopic bodies is used as a charge storage layer has been reported in U.S. Pat. No. 6,011,725. 
     FIG. 16 is a layout view showing the configuration of a memory cell array of a non-volatile semiconductor memory device according to the second embodiment of the present invention. 
     The layout view is the same as that of the first embodiment, of which the description is not repeated. 
     FIG. 17 is a schematic cross sectional view along line segment XVII—XVII in FIG.  16 . 
     In reference to FIG. 17, in contrast to FIG. 4, silicon oxide films  113   a  to  113   d  including polysilicon microscopic bodies are formed on silicon oxide films  82   a  to  82   d  instead of nitride films  83   a  to  83   d . Silicon oxide film  113   a  has two storage regions, one on the n-type diffusion region  40   a  side and the other on the n-type diffusion region  40   b  side, respectively. As a result, one memory cell can store two bits. In the same manner, silicon oxide films  113   b  to  11  have two storage regions each. 
     The other parts of the structure are the same as of FIG. 4, of which the descriptions are not repeated. 
     As a result of this, a silicon oxide film including a great number of polysilicon microscopic bodies can be used as a charge storage layer of one non-volatile memory cell so that a non-volatile semiconductor memory device of the same structure as of the first embodiment can be manufactured. 
     Although the present invention has been described and illustrated in detail, it is clearly understood that the same is by way of illustration and example only and is not to be taken by way of limitation, the spirit and scope of the present invention being limited only by the terms of the appended claims.