Abstract:
A system and method for reformatting chain forwarded and chain replied electronic messages into thread-of-discussion messages for improved readability and reader comprehension. The chained electronic messages are parsed into discussion entries which are then sorted by a preferred order, such as last-to-first by date of creation. Extraneous fields and data which are not part of the substantive discussion are removed from the discussion entries. Long or full electronic mail addresses are replaced by abbreviations or preferred nicknames which may be found in an address book. Finally, the sorted discussion entries with source abbreviations or preferred nicknames are combined and output as a thread-of-discussion format message.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS CLAIMING BENEFIT UNDER 35 U.S.C. 120 
   This application is related to the U.S. applications Ser. No. 09/672,181 filed on Sep. 28, 2000 by Lorin Evan Ullmann, et al, and Ser. No. 09/714,759 filed on Nov. 16, 2000 by Lorin Evan Ullmann, (to be amended to include serial numbers when they have been assigned), both of which are all commonly assigned. 
   FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT STATEMENT 
   This invention was not developed in conjunction with any Federally sponsored contract. 
   MICROFICHE APPENDIX 
   Not applicable. 
   INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE 
   The related applications Ser. Nos. 09/672,181 and 09/714,759 are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties including drawings, and are hereby made a part of this application. 
   BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
   1. Field of the Invention 
   This invention pertains to the arts of electronic message and e-mail transmission and reception, and especially to the art of chain-forwarded message groups and discussions within those groups. 
   2. Description of the Related Art 
   Electronic mail and electronic messaging have become key and integral to everyday life, both in personal lives and business lives, for millions of users worldwide. The speed and accuracy with which electronic messages and e-mails are delivered is unrivaled by other forms of messaging, such as paper mail, overnight express mail, facsimile, and voice messaging. 
   Prior to the widespread proliferation of the Internet and Internet-based e-mail, there were many proprietary formats of electronic messaging systems, such as IBM&#39;s Lotus Notes system, Novel&#39;s DaVinci system, and others. 
   However, due to global acceptance and adoption of the Internet, the Internet&#39;s e-mail protocol has become the most common electronic messaging protocol in use today. The Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (“SMTP”) provides for a quick, error-free and robust method for transferring electronic messages from one e-mail server to another. SMTP is primarily based upon two standards proliferated by the Internet Architecture Board (“IAB”), specifically RFC-821 “Simple Mail Transfer Protocol” and RFC-822 “Standard for the format of ARPA Internet text messages”. These standards and protocols are well-known in the art. RFC-821 describes the protocol used for transferring electronic messages from one server to another, and RFC-822 describes a corresponding format for those electronic messages. 
   Turning to  FIG. 1 , the basic arrangement of client browser computer or client e-mail computers and web servers is shown. A client computer ( 1 ) may access a web-based e-mail server ( 5 ) via any computer network, such as the World Wide Web ( 3 ), or an Intranet ( 6 ) such as a LAN or WAN. This access may be made through a modem and a dial-up Internet Service Provider (“ISP”), or through a “dedicated” direct connection to the Internet. The client computer ( 1 ) is normally equipped with an e-mail composer and reader program, such as Quailcomm&#39;s Eudora, Netscape&#39;s Messenger, or Microsoft&#39;s Outlook programs. These and many other widely available programs are compliant with the SMTP standards, and interoperate with e-mail servers over computer networks such as the World Wide Web. 
   Turning to  FIG. 2 , the arrangement ( 20 ) as defined by the RFC&#39;s of a sender server ( 23 ) and a receiver server ( 25 ) using the SMTP protocol is shown. A user ( 21 ) may author a SMTP-compliant message and send that message to an e-mail sender server ( 23 ). Using a series of SMTP commands ( 24 ) which are communicated to a receiver SMTP server ( 25 ) via a computer network, the electronic message is transferred from the sender SMTP ( 23 ) to the receiver SMTP server ( 25 ). 
   The receiver SMTP ( 25 ) server typically stores the received electronic message within its file system ( 26 ) for later retrieval by the intended recipient. The addressing and routing scheme used by e-mail servers to transmit and route electronic messages to each other using of this protocol are well-known within the art, and are also defined in the public RFC documents of the IAB. 
   Eventually, the recipient uses his computer ( 28 ) to download the messages from the receiver server ( 25 ), and to read, reply, or forward the messages. His computer ( 28 ) is usually equipped with e-mail reading and authoring software, which may include an e-mail address book ( 27 ). 
   The generalized message format of an electronic message is shown in Table 1. An electronic message is typically divided into two portions, a header and a body. Within the header are multiple tags or fields which indicate the source and destination of the message and other useful information. 
   
     
       
             
           
             
             
           
         
             
               TABLE 1 
             
             
                 
             
             
               Generalized Electronic Message Format 
             
             
                 
             
           
           
             
                 
             
           
        
         
             
                 
               Received: from source by local — server; time — of — day 
             
             
                 
               From: senders — name &lt;senders — email — address&gt; 
             
             
                 
               Reply-to: &lt;senders — email — address&gt; 
             
             
                 
               To: recipients — name &lt;recipients — email — address&gt; 
             
             
                 
               Subject: text — of — the — subject — line 
             
             
                 
               Content-type: type — of — content — such — as — MIME 
             
             
                 
               Text of the actual message 
             
             
                 
                 
             
           
        
       
     
   
   In the example generalized message format shown in Table 1, there is a “Received” header field, a “From” header field, a “Reply-To” field, and a “To” field. These are also followed by a “Subject” field and then finally by the text of the actual message. These fields are generated by the e-mail composer on the originator&#39;s computer, and they are used by the various e-mail servers within the computer network to route the messages to the correct recipient. 
   As shown in Table 1, the “Received:” message header field shows information regarding which server received the message and at what time of day it was received by the local server. The “From” field in the message header shows the originator&#39;s or the sender&#39;s name and address. The “Reply-To” field shows the sender&#39;s e-mail address for use in replying to the sender. The “To” field shows the intended recipient&#39;s name and/or recipient&#39;s e-mail address. And, the “Subject” field shows a text string to be displayed when the e-mail is viewed among other e-mails in a mail box. 
   Most e-mail composer and reader programs allow messages to be forwarded to second, third, and subsequent recipients. For example, a sender may author an original message and send it to a first recipient. The first recipient may read that message, append comments to it and forward it to a second recipient. Table 2 shows a generalized message format for forwarded electronic messages which uses using a method of forwarding called “inline content”. 
   
     
       
             
           
             
           
         
             
               TABLE 2 
             
             
                 
             
             
               Generalized Forwarded Electronic Message Format 
             
             
               using Inline Type of Forwarding 
             
             
                 
             
           
           
             
                 
             
           
        
         
             
               Received: from source by local — server; time — of — day 
             
             
               From: first — recipients — name &lt;first — recipients — email — address&gt; 
             
             
               Reply-to: &lt;first — recipients — email — address&gt; 
             
             
               To: second — recipients — name &lt;second — recipients — email — address&gt; 
             
             
               Subject: FWD:text — of — the — subject — line — written — by — the — originator 
             
             
               Content-type: type — of — content — such — as — MIME 
             
             
               Content-disposition: inline 
             
             
               Text of the message written by the first recipient intended for the second 
             
             
                 recipient 
             
             
               Boundary — tag 
             
             
               Received: from source by local — server; time — of — day 
             
             
               From: originator — name &lt;originators — email — address&gt; 
             
             
               Reply-to: &lt;originators — email — address&gt; 
             
             
               To: first — recipients — name &lt;first — recipients — email — address&gt; 
             
             
               Subject: FWD:text — of — the — subject — line — written — by — the — originator 
             
             
               Content-type: type — of — content — such — as — MIME 
             
             
               Text of the actual message written by the originator and intended for the 
             
             
                 first recipient 
             
             
               Boundary — tag 
             
             
                 
             
           
        
       
     
   
   This forwarded message format resembles the generalized message format of Table 1, especially in the initial message header, including the “received” field, “from”, “reply-to”, “to”, and “subject” fields. However, most programs modify the text contained in the “subject” field to include an indication that this is a forwarded message, such as appending the letters “FWD” prior to the actual text of the originator&#39;s subject line. Following this message header, the text of the comments authored by the first recipient and intended for the second recipient are given. Then, according to the inline forwarding method, a boundary tag is given which indicates the beginning of the actual forwarded message. Following the first boundary tag, another set of message header fields are shown which are the message header fields from the original message from the original sender of the message. These message fields are then followed by the text of the original message from the originator, and is concluded by a closing boundary tag. 
   Another method for forwarding an electronic message to another recipient is by “attaching” the original message to the new message. The SMTP protocol allows for files of all types to be “attached” to an electronic message, and as such, one method for forwarding a message is to create a new message to the next recipient, and to attach the old message to this new message. 
   As shown in Table 3, the general format of a forwarded message as an attachment is seen. 
   
     
       
             
           
             
           
             
             
           
             
           
             
             
           
             
             
           
             
             
           
             
             
           
             
           
         
             
               TABLE 3 
             
             
                 
             
             
               Generalized Forwarded Electronic Message Format 
             
             
               using Attachment Type of Forwarding 
             
             
                 
             
           
           
             
                 
             
           
        
         
             
               Received: from source by local — server; time — of — day 
             
             
               From: first — recipients — name &lt;first — recipients — email — address&gt; 
             
             
               Reply-to: &lt;first — recipients — email — address&gt; 
             
             
               To: second — recipients — name &lt;second — recipients — email — address&gt; 
             
             
               Subject: FWD:text — of — the — subject — line — written — by — the — originator 
             
             
               Content-type: type — of — content — such — as — MIME 
             
             
               Content-disposition: inline 
             
             
               Text of the message written by the first recipient intended for the second 
             
           
        
         
             
                 
               recipient 
             
           
        
         
             
               Start-of-attachment-tag 
             
           
        
         
             
                 
               Received: from source by local — server; time — of — day 
             
             
                 
               From: originator — name &lt;originators — email — address&gt; 
             
             
                 
               Reply-to: &lt;originators — email — address&gt; 
             
             
                 
               To: first — recipients — name &lt;first — recipients — email — address&gt; 
             
             
                 
               Subject: FWD:text — of — the — subject — line — writ- 
             
           
        
         
             
                 
               ten — by — the — originator 
             
           
        
         
             
                 
               Content-type: type — of — content — such — as — MIME 
             
             
                 
               Text of the actual message written by the originator and intended for 
             
           
        
         
             
                 
               the first recipient 
             
           
        
         
             
               End-of-attachment-tag 
             
             
                 
             
           
        
       
     
   
   This message begins similar to the message in Table 2 in that it is preceded by a new message header containing multiple header fields, including the “received”, “from”, “reply-to”, “to”, “subject” fields. However, in this case following the text of the comments written by the first recipient for the second recipient, there are special tags to indicate that there is attached file rather than the inline copy of the forwarded file. This may be the same type of tag that may be used to attach a data file or other type of file to the electronic message, but in this case the attached file is simply a text file which is actually the original message from the originator. 
   Thus, if one looks within that attached file, one will see that there is the original set of message header tags which indicate the originator&#39;s name, the first recipient&#39;s name (or the previous recipient&#39;s name) and other useful information regarding the previous message. 
   A subsequent recipient may choose to forward the message to another recipient, thereby forming a chain-forwarded message which may have the original message forwarded through a combination of methods. 
   All of these message header fields are used for various functions of the e-mail reader and e-mail composer software. If a user wants to reply to the sender of a message he may simply click or select a “reply” function in response to which the composer will be invoked and will automatically address the message to the address indicated in the “reply-to” field of the message. Also, the user may forward the message quite simply by clicking a “forward” button (or otherwise invoking a forward function), which causes the composer to allow creation of a new messaging containing or attaching the first message, and giving the user the capability to enter the next recipient&#39;s address and any comments he or she wishes to include. 
   Another useful function of common e-mail composers and readers available in the art today is that of an address book. An address book stores names and e-mail addresses of other users who are commonly communicate with the user. Most e-mail composers and readers also include automatic functions for adding a message sender&#39;s address and information to an address book. 
   However, with the inline and attachment methods of forwarding electronic messages, addresses for the previous recipient&#39;s and the originator of forwarded messages cannot be easily or automatically added to the address book, other than that of the most immediate previous recipient. Further, they cannot be automatically responded to or forwarded to as they are not currently indicated in the first group of message header fields of the forwarded message. 
   Thus, a user must resort to attempting to type manually each of the previous recipient&#39;s e-mail addresses, if he knows them. For example, if a message is forwarded five times from an originator, the fifth recipient can automatically reply to the fourth recipient using the available automatic functions of current e-mail composers, however, he cannot easily reply to all four previous recipients and originator without manually retyping the addresses of each of those parties. Further, he cannot easily add any of these previous recipients and the originator to his address book, except for the fourth recipient. 
   A third method of forwarding e-mail messages is by “quoting” the actual message into the text of the new message intended for the next recipient. In this method, none of the previous header fields are forwarded to the next recipient. A simple line of text such as “Previous — recipient wrote:” may be inserted above the quoted text, and the quoted text may be set apart such as using a character such as“&gt;” or a blue bar in the left margin. 
   In this case, it is much more difficult for the recipient of a chain-forwarded message to reply to previous recipients because the information regarding the previous recipient&#39;s addresses has been completely stripped from the forwarded message. 
   The related application disclosed a system and method for automatically determining the previous authors and recipients of chain-forwarded electronic messages. In one of the related applications, a method was described in which the received electronic message is scanned or parsed for existing SMTP fields and for new unique fields which indicate a chain of e-mail addresses to which and from which a chain forwarded message may be have been received or sent. The disclosed method and system also provides a method for easily adding these recipients and authors to a user&#39;s electronic mail address book. 
   In another related application, a system and method were disclosed which allowed the creation of chain groups within the electronic mail address book, and functions to automatically associate messages with chain groups by use of a chain-key field in the message header or footer. 
   Chained messages are forwarded several times or replied to several times. The method used employed by common SMTP e-mail software programs to display the multiple replies and comments can be somewhat confusing. For example, Table 4 shows one method that common e-mail software uses to display the forwarded text components of a chain-forwarded electronic message. In this example a right arrow or greater than symbol “&gt;” is used to indicate how many previous instances of forwarding or replying levels have occurred for a given portion of the message. 
   
     
       
             
           
             
           
         
             
               TABLE 4 
             
             
                 
             
             
               Example Display of Linearly Chain-forwarded E-Mail Message 
             
             
                 
             
           
           
             
                 
             
           
        
         
             
               From: first — recipients — name &lt;first — recipients — email — address&gt; 
             
             
               To: second — recipients — name &lt;second — recipients — email — address&gt; 
             
             
               Subject: FWD:text — of — the — subject — line — written — by — the — originator 
             
             
               Here is something I thought you might find interesting from a friend of 
             
             
               mine. 
             
             
               &gt;From: originator — name &lt;originators — email — address&gt; 
             
             
               &gt;To: first — recipients — name &lt;first — recipients — email — address&gt; 
             
             
               &gt;Subject: FWD:text — of — the — subject — line — written — by — the — originator 
             
             
               &gt; What do you think of this new information? 
             
             
               &gt;&gt;From: update@online — news — service.com 
             
             
               &gt;&gt;To: originator — name &lt;originators — email — address&gt; 
             
             
               &gt;&gt;Subject: FWD:text — of — the — subject — line — written — by — the — originator 
             
             
               &gt;&gt;Shares of company ABC hit all-time high after news of new product 
             
             
               &gt;&gt;release. Company ABC announced that it&#39;s new XYZ product would 
             
             
               &gt;&gt;ship by the end of the year, and would be 5 times more efficient that 
             
             
               &gt;&gt;the closest competitor product. 
             
             
                 
             
           
        
       
     
   
   As can be seen from the example given in Table 4, each time a portion of a text message is forwarded to a new recipient, an additional forwarding character is added along the left margin of the text. This example illustrates a simple linear forwarding scheme in which an automatic news service forwarded news to an originator of a message. The originator then forwarded that message to a first recipient, who then forwarded the same message to a second recipient, such that each time the message was forwarded, the current recipient added a comment of his own. 
   As shown in Table 5, a chain replied and chain forwarded message may become confusing to read in this format, especially if the progression of the messages and replies is not a linear progression. For example, if the message is forwarded to more than one party simultaneously, and then it is replied to by more than one party, it may become difficult to determine at what time certain replies were made and how each reply relates to the original message or messages. Even though this is a very common message format to receive in today&#39;s paradigm of electronic messaging, it is very difficult to decipher and interpret by a recipient. 
   As shown in Table 5, a chain replied and chain forwarded message may become confusing to read in this format. For example, if the message is forwarded to more than one party and then replied to by more than one party it may become difficult to determine at what time certain replies were made and how they relate to the original message or messages. Even though this is a very common message format to receive in today&#39;s scenario or today&#39;s paradigm of electronic messaging it is very difficult to decipher and interpret by a recipient. 
   
     
       
             
           
             
           
         
             
               TABLE 5 
             
             
                 
             
             
               Example Display of Non-linearly 
             
             
               Chain-forwarded E-Mail Message 
             
             
                 
             
           
           
             
                 
             
           
        
         
             
               From: bob 
             
             
               To: joe 
             
             
               Subject: REPLY: news about ABC&#39;s XYZ 
             
             
               I&#39;m not sure I understand who their competitors really are? 
             
             
               &gt; From: sue 
             
             
               &gt; To: joe 
             
             
               &gt; Subject: FWD: REPLY: ABC&#39;s XYZ is now available 
             
             
               &gt; Joe, that ought to take all the market share from ABC&#39;s biggest 
             
             
               &gt; competitor!! I can&#39;t wait to see how this plays out. 
             
             
               &gt;&gt; From: joe 
             
             
               &gt;&gt; To: sue, bob 
             
             
               &gt;&gt; Subject: REPLY: FWD:ABC shares up sharply on new product 
             
             
               &gt;&gt; announcement 
             
             
               &gt;&gt; Shares of company ABC hit all-time high after news of new product 
             
             
               &gt;&gt; release. Company ABC announced that it&#39;s new XYZ product would 
             
             
               &gt;&gt; ship by the end of the year, and would be 5 times more efficient that 
             
             
               &gt;&gt; the closest competitor product. 
             
             
               &gt;&gt;&gt; From: sue 
             
             
               &gt;&gt;&gt; To: joe 
             
             
               &gt;&gt;&gt; Subject: lunch conversation 
             
             
               &gt;&gt;&gt; Joe, 
             
             
               &gt;&gt;&gt; I was having lunch with Bob yesterday, and he said you had told him 
             
             
               &gt;&gt;&gt; that you were getting ready to buy a lot of shares in ABC company. 
             
             
               &gt;&gt;&gt; Is that right? I heard that their competitors had captured nearly 100% 
             
             
               &gt;&gt;&gt; of the market share last year and ABC company might not survive 
             
             
               &gt;&gt;&gt; the year. 
             
             
               &gt;&gt;&gt; Bye, Sue 
             
             
                 
             
           
        
       
     
   
   As shown in Table 5 it becomes indeterminate as to the order and relevance of forwarded text components and replied text components within a chain-forwarded message, especially if it was not linearly forwarded or replied to, as in this example. 
   Another form of communications based on text transmissions is known as “chat groups.” In chat groups, a single window or a pair of windows is displayed in which replies are posted with a simple label or text identifier as to the submitter or creator of the reply. The label may be a simple as a nick name, first name, or login name, but is not usually as long or as complex as a full e-mail address. For example, Table 6 shows a similar conversation held in a chat group. 
   
     
       
             
           
             
           
             
             
           
             
           
             
             
           
             
           
             
             
           
         
             
               TABLE 6 
             
             
                 
             
             
               Example Discussion in a Chat Group 
             
             
                 
             
           
           
             
                 
             
           
        
         
             
               bob: I&#39;m not sure I understand who their competitors really are? 
             
             
               sue: Joe, that ought to take all the market share from ABC&#39;s biggest 
             
           
        
         
             
                 
               competitor!! I can&#39;t wait to see how this plays out. 
             
           
        
         
             
               joe: Sue, I heard that shares of company ABC hit all-time high after news 
             
           
        
         
             
                 
               of new product release. Company ABC announced that it&#39;s new XYZ 
             
             
                 
               product would ship by the end of the year, and would be 5 times 
             
             
                 
               more efficient that the closest competitor product. 
             
           
        
         
             
               sue: Joe, I was having lunch with Bob yesterday, and he said you had told 
             
           
        
         
             
                 
               him that you were getting ready to buy a lot of shares in ABC 
             
             
                 
               company. Is that right? I heard that their competitors had captured 
             
             
                 
               nearly 100% of the market share last year and ABC company 
             
             
                 
               might not survive the year. 
             
             
                 
                 
             
           
        
       
     
   
   As shown in Table 6, a participant such as Bob can monitor the entire thread of conversation between Sue and Joe until he has a question or comment to add. A chat group viewer presents the conversation in a linear format even though it may occur or be originated by multiple parties asynchronously. Further, a chat group such as this is typically organized by participant profile, such as “young adults” or “music lovers,” or by subject such as “politics” or “health.”. From a chat room server, a user may select a particular subject or participant profile in order to join a chat. Some chat room servers allow a participant to print the interactions as they occur, but in general the chats occur on a realtime basis, unlike electronic mail messaging. 
   Therefore, there exists and need in the art for a system and method to display chain-forwarded e-mail messages, which may be of linear or nonlinear sequence, in a discussion thread format for ease of understanding and interpretation. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     The following detailed description, when taken in conjunction with the figures presented herein, provides a complete description of the invention. 
       FIG. 1  shows the common arrangement of e-mail servers, client computers, and computer networks. 
       FIG. 2  shows the fundamental arrangement of e-mail sender and receiver servers. 
       FIG. 3  depicts the basic architecture of e-mail servers and a client computers. 
       FIG. 4  shows the logical process of the invention for reformatting chain-forwarded e-mail messages into a more readable thread of discussion. 
       FIG. 5  sets forth details of reformatting chain-forwarded e-mail message text into discussion thread format text. 
   

   SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
   A system and method for reformatting a chain-forwarded e-mail message, for creating a chain group if needed, for associating that message with a chain group, and for automatically transmitting the reformatted message to some or all of the members of a chain group. The system provides a more readable or decipherable format of a an electronic message in which multiple instances of forwarding and replying are reduced to a thread of discussion format. 
   DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
   The method and system of the invention are preferably realized as software extensions, plug-ins, or applets associated with a standard electronic mail composer and reader program. This enhanced electronic composer and reader program is then executed by a standard client computer platform such as an IBM personal computer (“PC”), Apple Macintosh or iMAC, or similar computer. 
   As shown in  FIG. 3 , the preferred embodiment includes a client computer ( 80 ) which has a central processing unit ( 84 ), disc input and output ( 85 ) for communicating for floppy disks, hard drives, and CD ROM&#39;s, user  10  device interfaces ( 86 ) such as a display, keyboard, and mouse ( 83 ), and a network interface card ( 87 ) for interfacing to a computer network such as the Internet or an Intranet ( 81 ). The preferred embodiment of the client computer includes device drivers and a bios ( 88 ), an operating system such as the Microsoft Windows operating system or IBM OS/2 operating system. The computer platform ( 80 ) further comprises non-portable application programs ( 802 ) such as the e-mail composer and reader program. The preferred embodiment of the client computer ( 80 ) also includes a Java interpreter ( 89 ) capable of executing Java applets ( 801 ). The e-mail composer and reader such as Netscapes&#39; Messenger program is installed as a non-portable application program ( 82 ). The method of the invention may be implemented as changes within the e-mail composer and reader program or as a plug-in modules such as a Netscape Plug-in. Alternatively, it may be implemented as an applet such as a Java applet. The methods for extending such program code, developing a browser plug-in, or an applet is well understood in the art. 
   The related and incorporated applications describe how to search and identify chain-forwarded e-mail messages for originators and recipients of that message and how to automatically reply to those originators and recipients. The related application further describes how to manage and create chain groups within a user&#39;s address book. Some or all of this functionality in the related applications is incorporated into the present invention in its preferred embodiment. 
   Certain alternative realizations, such as a server-based implementation rather than client-based design, may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. For example, such a server may reprocess or reformat e-mail messages for client e-mail users. The following description, then, is given in terms of a client-based application and related to a client address book. However, it will be realized by those skilled in the art that such a server-based application is only an alternative embodiment of the invention. 
   Turning to  FIG. 4 , the logical process ( 40 ) of the invention for merging, reformatting and automatically addressing chain-forwarded messages is shown. First, the user or the system selects (41) a chain-forwarded message to be merged and reformatted. The message is searched ( 42 ) for previous recipients and/or originators, for CHAIN — KEY fields, and for any time stamps or previous segments of forwarded text, reply text, and comment text. 
   The system or the user may decide to associate ( 43 ) the message with an existing chain group. If there exists a chain group to associate with the message, the text of the message is optionally merged ( 49 ) with other messages associated with the same chain group, and reformatted ( 44 ) into a thread of discussion format. 
   During the reformatting ( 44 ) stage, all unnecessary fields for interpreting the thread of discussion are eliminated from the displayed text, such as the FROM, REPLY — TO and SUBJECT fields, and optionally any time stamps. In some embodiments the time stamps may be retained, but in most embodiments the time stamps will be removed. Also, any special texts or markings in the original forwarded text, such as the greater than symbols “&gt;” may be removed in order to provide greater readability. 
   Preferably, the system also searches an address book for nicknames or first names of recipients and originators. In order to enhance readability of the discussion thread, these nicknames and preferred names are used as simple and short labels for the entries in the discussion thread, rather than using or showing the full e-mail addresses. 
   If the selected message is not to be associated with an existing chain group or the selected message does not already contain a chain key in it, an option to create or define a new chain group (and chain key) is provided ( 46 ,  47 ). 
   Turning to  FIG. 5 , more details of the logical flow which reformats the chain-forwarded message text into a discussion thread text format are is shown. First, the chain-forwarded text is parsed ( 50 ) into discussion entries. This may be done by finding common delimiters within the text of the chain-forwarded message, such as the number of special marking characters (e.g. “&gt;”, “&gt;&gt;”, “&gt;&gt;&gt;”, etc.) from the left margin, or such a special HTML indicators, including horizontal bars and lines. 
   Then, the discussion entries are sorted ( 51 ) by time stamp or order of entry in the original message. 
   Next, all unnecessary fields and their data, such as the TO, REPLY — TO, and SUBJECT fields, and other information are removed ( 53 ) from the discussion entries. 
   According to the preferred embodiment, an address book is searched to find associated first names or nicknames for the originator&#39;s full addresses in the discussion entries, and those full addresses are replaced ( 53 ) with first names or nicknames from the address book. For example, the string “robert — smith@anycompany.com” may be replaced with “bob — s”: 
   Finally, a discussion thread format of the message is created ( 54 ) by creating a text entries into the new electronic mail message in the order of discussion, and including only the first name, nickname, or other shortened name of the discussion entry originator. This yields a format such as shown in Table 7. 
   
     
       
             
           
             
           
             
             
           
             
           
             
             
           
             
           
             
             
           
         
             
               TABLE 7 
             
             
                 
             
             
               Thread of Discussion Format 
             
             
                 
             
           
           
             
                 
             
           
        
         
             
               bob — s: I&#39;m not sure I understand who their competitors really are? 
             
             
               sue — m: Joe, that ought to take all the market share from ABC&#39;s biggest 
             
           
        
         
             
                 
               competitor!! I can&#39;t wait to see how this plays out. 
             
           
        
         
             
               joe — b: Sue, I heard that shares of company ABC hit all-time high after 
             
           
        
         
             
                 
               news of new product release. Company ABC announced that it&#39;s new 
             
             
                 
               XYZ product would ship by the end of the year, and would be 5 
             
             
                 
               times more efficient that the closest competitor product. 
             
           
        
         
             
               sue — m: Joe, I was having lunch with Bob yesterday, and he said you had 
             
           
        
         
             
                 
               told him that you were getting ready to buy a lot of shares in ABC 
             
             
                 
               company. Is that right? I heard that their competitors had captured 
             
             
                 
               nearly 100% of the market share last year and ABC company might 
             
             
                 
               not survive the year. 
             
             
                 
                 
             
           
        
       
     
   
   In summary, methods for enhancing standard e-mail and electronic message readers and composers have been disclosed to allow realization of enhanced e-mail and electronic message readers and composers which provide automatic addressing and address book management functions for chain-forwarded messages, and for reformatting those chain-forwarded and chain-replied messages into a thread-of-dicussion format. 
   Certain details of the preferred embodiments have been disclosed, along with alternative approaches to realize the invention. It will be recognized by those skilled in the art that many alternatives from the disclosed preferred embodiment, such as the use of alternate programming methodologies or languages, alternate computing platforms, or alternate electronic message and e-mail standards, may be taken within the spirit and scope of the invention which is defined by the following claims.