Abstract:
A varifocal objective lens or mono-focal objective lens with a macro-focusing mechanism is provided with a concave lens component detachably mounted at the front thereof to widen the angular field of view of the objective lens while adjusting the marco-focusing mechanism to a position, where the object position for which the objective lens is focused is substantially coincident with the position of the front focal point of the concave lens component.

Description:
This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 586,259 filed on June 12, 1975 now abandoned. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     This invention relates to photographic lens system, and more particularly to a method of widening the angular field of view of a varifocal or mono-focal objective lens. 
     2. Description of Prior Art 
     To widen the angular field of view of a zoom lens, it is known to employ a wide converter lens as attached to the front of the zoom lens at the wide angle setting thereof. When the wide converter lens is afocal, the combined lens system is adjustable for focusing purposes within the same range as the zoom lens itself has. When it is not afocal, a change is resulted in the focusing range. In the latter connection, the focusing adjustment must be modified. As far as the widening of the angular field of view by use of the wide converter lens is concerned, therefore, it is required that the converter lens be afocal in itself, e.g. of the inverted Galileian type afocal converter lens. This requirement has conventionally been fulfiled by constructing the converter lens from a front concave lens group and a rear convex lens group satisfying the following relationship: 
     
         |f.sub.1 |+D=f.sub.2 
    
     wherein 
     f 1  is the focal length of the concave lens group; 
     f 2  is the focal length of the convex lens group; and 
     D is the interval between the principal points of the convex and concave lens groups. 
     The wide converter lens of such a construction has, however, the following problems. (i) The provision of the two lens groups of different sign power causes embodiment of a relatively complex lens structure which in turn makes the converter lens quite heavy and bulky. (ii) For facilitating a further increase in the field angle with decreasing angular magnification, it is necessary either to increase the principal point interval D, or to decrease the focal lengths f 1  and f 2  of the concave and convex lens groups with sacrificing the increase of the weight and bulk of the complete converter lens. Such problems become more serious as the field angle is increased. Accordingly, it has been difficult to increase the field angle of the zoom lens by use of the wide converter attachment lens based on the above mentioned relationship. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     An object of the present invention is to provide a method of and apparatus for increasing the field angle of a varifocal or mono-focal objective lens by use of an attachment lens of simple lens structure and small size without producing the above mentioned problems which are encounted in the prior art afocal wide converter lens design. 
     Another object of the invention is to provide a single or composite attachment lens of the nature described which is adapted for use at the front of a varifocal or mono-focal objective lens of which the mount has a focusing mechanism adjustable for macro photography at the wide angle setting of the objective lens. 
     Most of the normal photographic objective lenses distinguished from macro objective lenses are designed to have focusing lens members adjustable to suit object distances longer than about one meter. In application of the invention to such normal objective lenses, the attachment lens of the nature described must have an absolute focal length larger than the minimum object distance, e.g. one meter for which the objective lens can be focused, or otherwise it is impossible by movement of the focusing member of the objective lens to effect focusing to suit object distances between the above mentioned minimum object distance, e.g. one meter, and the absolute focal length of the attachment lens. 
     From one aspect thereof, the present invention is particularly adapted to increase the field angle of a zoom lens having a macro-focusing provision in addition to the normal focusing lens member by use of an attachment lens having a negative focal length shorter in absolute value than the lower limit of the range of object distances for which the zoom lens can be focused by means of the normal focusing lens member alone. With the combined lens system consisting of the attachment lens and the zoom lens, the focusing is effected by utilizing the macro-focusing provision in such a manner that a part of the zoom lens other than the focusing lens member, for example, variator, compensator, relay lens, or a part of the relay lens is forwardly or rearwardly moved from the respective position corresponding to the wide angle setting, while maintaining a substantial coincidence between the plane of a virtual image of the object formed by the attachment lens itself and the object position for which the zoom lens itself is focused. It is important to perform such a focusing operation at the wide angle setting of the zoom lens. This focusing mode is known in the art as the so-called &#34;wide macro-focusing&#34;. 
     From another aspect thereof, the present invention is based on a finding that the absolute value of the focal length of the attachment lens is preferably smaller than 25 times the minimum focal length of a variable focal length objective lens, or the focal length of a mono-focal objective lens. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1A is a schematic representation of a typical zoom lens with the path of a light ray coming from an object at infinity. 
     FIG. 1B is a schematic representation of a combined lens system consisting of an attachment lens and the zoom lens of FIG. 1A. 
     FIG. 1C is a schematic representation of the combined lens system of FIG. 1B, wherein the zoom lens is focused by movement of a compensator for an object position coincident with the front focal point of the attachment lens. 
     FIG. 2 is a schematic representation showing the combined lens predesign according to the invention. 
     FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an example of a zoom lens for which the invention is to be applied. 
     FIGS. 4 through 9 are block diagrams of six examples of an attachment lens according to one embodiment of the invention, each being shown as combined with the zoom lens of FIG. 3. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     Referring to FIGS. 1A, 1B and 1C, and first to FIG. 1A, there is shown a zoom lens comprising a focusing lens member 1, variator 2, compensator 3 and relay lens 4 optically aligned on a common axis 7, so that a ray of light 6 incident upon the zoom lens in parallel therewith is focused at the focal plane 5. In order to increase the field angle of the zoom lens of FIG. 1A, there is provided an attachment lens 8 of negative power positioned adjacent and in front of the focusing lens member 1 of the zoom lens in axial alignment therewith, whereby the axial ray 6 is focused at a point rearwardly deviated from the focal plane 5 of said zoom lens itself, as shown in FIG. 1B. With this lens arrangement, the focusing of axial ray 6 coming from infinite object at the focal plane 5 is effected by movement of compensator 3 beyond the range of zooming movement as shown in FIG. 1C. Such a focusing operation results in coincidence between the front focal point 9 of attachment lens 8 and the object position for which the zoom lens of FIG. 1A itself is focused. It is to be understood that instead of selecting compensator 3 for the focusing purpose, any one of the other lens members 2 and 4 may be selected for focusing movement. 
     A variety of wide macro-focusing adjustment of the various lens members of a zoom lens having a variable focal length range of from 7 mm to 35 mm provided with an attachment lens of the invention will next described by reference to FIG. 2. The zoom lens of FIG. 2 is shown as comprising five lens members (G1 through G5), the focal lengths of the various lens members and their spatial relationships to each other being tabulated in Table 1 below. 
     
                       TABLE 1______________________________________Lens      Focal length Principal point interval______________________________________G1        f.sub.1 = 56.54G2        f.sub.2 = -15.00                  e.sub.12 = 8.00-34.83G3        f.sub.3 = -47.36                  e.sub.23 = 36.83-10.00G4        f.sub.4 = 31.18                  e.sub.34 = 5.00-5.00G5        f.sub.5 = 19.30                  e.sub.45 = 30.00-30.00______________________________________ 
    
     wherein 
     G1: Focusing lens member 
     G2: Variator lens member 
     G3: Compensator lens member 
     G4: Erector lens member 
     G5: Relay lens member 
     fi: The focal lengths of each lens member 
     eij: The principal point intervals between the successive lens members Gi and Gj. 
     The variable focal length range of the complete zoom lens: F=7-35 
     Various examples of an attachment concave lens A having a focal length fA, usuable with the zoom lens having a power distribution indicated in Table 1 are shown in Table 2 in connection with what lens member is selected for the wide macro-focusing movement, how much the amount of displacement of the selected lens member is necessary for the wide macro-focusing purpose, and how long focal length fz the complete zoom lens itself takes for an infinitely distant object. The focusing lens member G1 remains stationary during the wide macro focusing operation, whereby the principal point interval e 0  between the attachment lens A and the lens member G1 is maintained constant at 10 millimeters. The directions of movement of the selected lens members (G2 through G5) are indicated by respective arrows in FIG. 2. 
     
                       TABLE 2______________________________________Wide macro         Focal length                          Focal length fzfocusing Amount of fA of attach-                          occurring in themember   movement  ment lens   complete zoom lens______________________________________G2       3.0       -163.95     5.40G2       5.0       -80.68      4.20G3       1.5       -67.34      4.35G3       2.0       -40.77      3.49G4       1.0       -85.02      4.66G4       1.5       -42.46      3.49G5       0.5       -60.69      4.218______________________________________ 
    
     A specific example of a zoom lens capable of macro photography shown in FIG. 3, for which the present invention is to be applied may be constructed in accordance with the numerical data given in Table 3, wherein the various lens elements are numbered in order from the front to the rear of the lens system, and wherein 
     R: the radii of curvature of each element surface; 
     D: the axial thicknesses or air separations between the successive refracting surfaces; 
     N: the refractive indices for the spectral D line of sodium of the material of each lens element; 
     V: the Abbe numbers of the material of each lens element 
     
                       TABLE 3______________________________________R             D           N       V______________________________________1       131.918   1.72        1.80518                               25.42       55.365    8.50        1.64000                               60.23       -198.061  0.104       43.354    5.00        1.64000                               60.25       94.875    D.sub.56       104.043   0.70        1.71300                               54.07       19.844    3.208       -38.74    0.70        1.77250                               49.69       36.985    2.3010      -101.786  0.70        1.72342                               38.011      16.543    4.50        1.78470                               26.212      -72.304   D.sub.1213      -27.427   0.60        1.78590                               44.214      24.284    2.50        1.75520                               27.515      -199.487  D.sub.1516      -319.952  0.60        1.69895                               30.117      276.454   2.50        1.69680                               55.718      -33.288   0.1019      224.854   1.50        1.64000                               60.220      -59.96    0.7021      ∞   11.00       1.63854                               55.422      ∞   5.5023      21.7      3.15        1.75700                               47.924      65.65     0.1025      11.50     3.88        1.71300                               54.026      36.00     1.59        1.80518                               25.427      8.13      6.2928      -13.80    1.72        1.78470                               26.229      49.46     3.90        1.67790                               53.330      -18.866   1.7631      137.39    2.36        1.66446                               35.832      -31.92    0.1033      21.42     1.80        1.59270                               35.634      1051.429  1.2035      ∞   6.80        1.63854                               55.436      ∞______________________________________ 
    
     In FIG. 3, the first lens group I is the focusing lens group having a focal length F I , the second lens group II is the variator having a focal length F II , the third lens group III is the compensator having a focal length F III , and the fourth lens group IV is the relay lens having front and rear focal lengths F IVf  and F IVr . 
     
         ______________________________________Focal length:______________________________________F.sub.I = 68.7      F.sub.IVf = 31.1F.sub.II = -16.2    F.sub.IVr = 26.6F.sub.III = -38.5______________________________________ 
    
     Object distance: Infinity 
     F-number: 1.4 
     Focal length range of the zoom lens: 7.286-56.7 
     Variable separation: 
     D 5  : 1.038-39.728 
     D 12  : 41.989-3.681 
     D 15  : 2.970-2.589 
     Referring now to FIGS. 4 through 9, there is shown six examples of an attachment lens according to the embodiment of the invention as combined with the zoom lens of FIG. 3. The characteristics of the various attachment lenses shown in FIGS. 4 through 9, and the axial air separation of each attachment lens from the front vertex of the zoom lens are given in Examples 11, 12, 13, 21, 22 and 23 respectively. As far as Examples 11, 12 and 13 are concerned, the third lens group III is moved for wide macro focusing purpose, so that D 12  =41.044, D 15  =3.916, and the object position for the zoom lens is in a distance of 58.534 from the front vertex thereof. As far as Examples 21, 22 and 23 are concerned, the third lens group III is moved for the wide macro focusing purpose, so that D 12  =41.535, D 15  =3.424, and the object position for the zoom lens is in a distance of 158.53 from the front vertex thereof. In the Examples, Ra designates the radius of curvature of the front refracting surface of the attachment lens; Rb designates the radius of curvature of the rear refracting surface of the attachment lens; Da designates the axial thickness of the attachment lens; S designates the axial separation between the attachment lens and the zoom lens; and Ft is the focal length of the combined lens system. 
     
         ______________________________________Focal length______________________________________      Example 11  Example 12                            Example 13______________________________________fA         -48.534     -48.534   -48.534Ra         75.0        infinity  -200.0Rb         20.843      29.271    34.419Da         2.0         2.0       2.0S          10.487      10.0      9.817N          1.60311     1.60311   1.60311V          60.7        60.7      60.7Ft         3.789       3.789     3.789______________________________________      Example 21  Example 22                            Example 23______________________________________fA         -148.534    -148.534  -148.534Ra         75.0        infinity  -200Rb         40.413      89.580    162.86Da         2.0         2.0       2.0XS         11.490      10.0      9.441N          1.60311     1.60311   1.60311V          60.7        60.7      60.7Ft         5.597       5.597     5.597______________________________________ 
    
     In each of the above mentioned Examples, the combined lens system is focused for an infinitely distant object. 
     The present invention has been described in connection with the zoom lens. But it is to be understood that the present invention is applicable to mono-focal lenses having macro focusing provision.