Abstract:
High-wind load wall anchors and high-wind load wall anchoring systems for cavity walls are described which utilize double-walled anchor constructs with interengaging wire formative veneer ties. The high wind load anchors are mounted upon an interior cavity wall and the veneer ties are embedded within joints of an exterior cavity wall. The anchors have an aperture, for threading the veneer ties therethrough and restricting undesired movement, coupled with a double-walled wing structure to resist anchor deformation by high-wind forces. For resistance against seismic forces, the high-wind load wall anchoring system has a reinforcement wire which snaps into contoured veneer ties.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0001]    1. Field of the Invention 
         [0002]    This invention relates to wall anchors and anchoring systems for cavity walls. More particularly, the invention relates to systems for cavity walls subjected to high-wind loading conditions. 
         [0003]    2. Description of the Prior Art 
         [0004]    Emergent conditions foster innovation. Dangerous conditions persist—tragedy strikes—change occurs. Whether it is a traffic light at a busy intersection or a less than substantial seawall facing a hurricane, society seems naturally to procrastinate. 
         [0005]    Hurricane Katrina formed Aug. 23, 2005 and reached peak strength on Aug. 28, 2005 with one-minute sustained winds of 175 mph. In December 2005, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) issued an analysis of Attachment of Brick Veneer in High-Wind Regions. Even with such a remarkable background, the anchoring of brick veneer to a variety of backup walls faces a dearth of standards. 
         [0006]    The FEMA analysis of brick veneer failures modes are, in turn, categorized as human failures—used wrong fasteners; misaligned tie during installation; ties not installed; improper tie spacing; and used mortars of poor quality—and as mechanical failures—one-piece, corrugated ties (lacking compressive strength); fastener failure; structure provided inadequate embedment; and corrosion failures. 
         [0007]    In the past, Ronald P. Hohmann and Ronald P. Hohmann, Jr., the inventors hereof, have solved several similar technical problems. Their inventions have been in response to changes in Uniform Building Code provisions and to investigations into effects of various forces, particularly lateral forces, upon brick veneer construction. The resultant products distributed under the Seismiclip® and DW-10-X® trademarks (manufactured by Hohmann and Barnard, Inc., Hauppauge, N.Y. 11788) have become widely accepted in the industry. 
         [0008]    Later patents in this area assigned to Hohmann and Barnard, Inc., include U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,454,200 (&#39;200); 6,789,365 (&#39;365); 6,925,768 (&#39;768); and, 6,941,717 (&#39;717). The Hohmann &#39;200 patent was directed to adding reinforcement to the outer wythe and improving the uniformity of the distribution of lateral forces therein. This patent did not resolve high-strength requirements at the inner wythe or teach about the insulation/wall anchor interrelationship. 
         [0009]    In the Hohmann &#39;365 patent, low-profile anchor configurations are taught. This development arose from, inter alia, the Energy Code Requirement, Chapter 13 (78 CMR, Seventh Edition; Boston, Mass.). With this requirement the need for higher R-value insulation perforce increased the cavity size and the technological improvement taught by the patent resolved the high-strength vs. high-span dilemma created thereby. 
         [0010]    Hohmann &#39;768 and &#39;717 effectuated structural changes to the wall anchor shown in Hohmann, U.S. Pat. No. 4,598,518 and enabled the maintenance of insulation integrity with surface mounted, pronged veneer anchors. 
         [0011]    In the course of preparing this disclosure several patents became known to the inventors hereof. The following patents are believed to be relevant and those not discussed hereinabove are discussed further as to the significance thereof. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Patent 
                 Inventor 
                 Issue Date 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 7,017,318 
                 Hohmann et al. 
                 Mar. 28, 2006 
               
               
                   
                 6,941,717 
                 Hohmann et al. 
                 Sep. 13, 2005 
               
               
                   
                 6,925,768 
                 Hohmann et al. 
                 Aug. 9, 2005 
               
               
                   
                 6,789,365 
                 Hohmann et al. 
                 Sep. 14, 2004 
               
               
                   
                 6,279,283 
                 Hohmann et al. 
                 Aug. 28, 2001 
               
               
                   
                 6,209,281 
                 Rice 
                 Apr. 3, 2001 
               
               
                   
                 5,816,008 
                 Hohmann 
                 Oct. 15, 1998 
               
               
                   
                 5,456,052 
                 Anderson et al. 
                 Oct. 10, 1995 
               
               
                   
                 5,454,200 
                 Hohmann 
                 Oct. 3, 1995 
               
               
                   
                 5,408,798 
                 Hohmann 
                 Apr. 25, 1995 
               
               
                   
                 5,392,581 
                 Hatzinikolas et al. 
                 Feb. 28, 1995 
               
               
                   
                 4,875,319 
                 Hohmann 
                 Oct. 24, 1989 
               
               
                   
                 4,869,038 
                 Catani 
                 Sep. 26, 1989 
               
               
                   
                 4,598,518 
                 Hohmann 
                 Jul. 8, 1986 
               
               
                   
                 4,473,984 
                 Lopez 
                 Oct. 2, 1984 
               
               
                   
                 4,373,314 
                 Allen 
                 Feb. 15, 1983 
               
               
                   
                 4,021,990 
                 Schwalberg 
                 May 10, 1977 
               
               
                   
                 3,377,764 
                 Storch 
                 Apr. 16, 1968 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0012]    It is noted that with some exceptions these devices are generally descriptive of wire-to-wire anchors and wall ties and have various cooperative functional relationships with straight wire runs embedded in the interior and/or exterior wythe. Several of the prior art items are of the pintle and eyelet/loop variety. 
         [0013]    Storch—U.S. Pat. No. 3,377,764—Issued Apr. 16, 1968 
         [0014]    Discloses a bent wire, tie-type anchor for embedment in a facing exterior wythe engaging with a loop attached to a straight wire run in a backup interior wythe. 
         [0015]    B. J. Schwalberg—U.S. Pat. No. 4,021,990—Issued May 10, 1977 
         [0016]    Discloses a dry wall construction system for anchoring a facing veneer to wallboard/metal stud construction with a pronged sheetmetal anchor. Like Storch &#39;764, the wall tie is embedded in the exterior wythe and is not attached to a straight wire run. 
         [0017]    J. A. Allan—U.S. Pat. No. 4,373,314—Issued Feb. 15, 1983 
         [0018]    Discloses a vertical angle iron with one leg adapted for attachment to a stud; and the other having elongated slots to accommodate wall ties. Insulation is applied between projecting vertical legs and adjacent angle irons with slots being spaced away from the stud to avoid the insulation. 
         [0019]    Lopez—U.S. Pat. No. 4,473,984—Issued Oct. 2, 1984 
         [0020]    Discloses a curtain-wall masonry anchor system wherein a wall tie is attached to the inner wythe by a self-tapping screw to a metal stud and to the outer wythe by embedment in a corresponding bed joint. The stud is applied through a hole cut into the insulation. 
         [0021]    M. J. Catani—U.S. Pat. No. 4,869,038—Issued Sep. 26, 1989 
         [0022]    Discloses a veneer wall anchor system having in the interior wythe a truss-type anchor with horizontal sheetmetal extensions. The extensions are interlocked with bent wire pintle-type wall ties that are embedded within the exterior wythe. 
         [0023]    R. Hohmann—U.S. Pat. No. 4,879,319—Issued Oct. 24, 1989 
         [0024]    Discloses a seismic construction system for anchoring a facing veneer to wallboard/metal stud construction with a pronged sheetmetal anchor. Wall tie is distinguished over that of Schwalberg &#39;990 and is clipped onto a straight wire run. 
         [0025]    Hatzinikolas et al.—U.S. Pat. No. 5,392,581—Issued Feb. 28, 1995 
         [0026]    Discloses a cavity-wall anchor having a conventional tie wire for mounting in the brick veneer and any-shaped sheetmetal bracket for mounting vertically between side-by-side blocks and horizontally atop a course of blocks. The bracket has a slit which is vertically disposed and protrudes into the cavity. The slit provides for a vertically adjustable anchor. 
         [0027]    Hohmann—U.S. Pat. No. 5,408,798—issued Apr. 25, 1995 
         [0028]    Discloses a seismic construction system for a cavity wall having a masonry anchor, a wall tie, and a facing anchor. Sealed eye wires extend into the cavity and wire wall ties are threaded therethrough with the open ends thereof embedded with a Hohmann &#39;319 (see supra) clip in the mortar layer of the brick veneer. 
         [0029]    Anderson et al—U.S. Pat. No. 5,456,052—Issued Oct. 10, 1995 
         [0030]    Discloses a two-part masonry brick tie, the first part being designed to be installed in the inner wythe and then, later when the brick veneer is erected to be interconnected by the second part. Both parts are constructed from sheetmetal and are arranged on substantially the same horizontal plane. 
         [0031]    Hohmann—U.S. Pat. No. 5,816,008—Issued Oct. 15, 1998 
         [0032]    Discloses a brick veneer anchor primarily for use with a cavity wall with a drywall inner wythe. The device combines an L-shaped plate for mounting on the metal stud of the drywall and extending into the cavity with a T-head bent stay. After interengagement with the L-shaped plate the free end of the bent stay is embedded in the corresponding bed joint of the veneer. 
         [0033]    Rice—U.S. Pat. No. 6,209,281—Issued Apr. 3, 2001 
         [0034]    Discloses a masonry anchor having a conventional tie wire for mounting in the brick veneer and sheetmetal bracket for mounting on the metal-stud-supported drywall. The bracket has a slit for adjustability of the tie wire, which slit is vertically disposed in the cavity when the bracket is mounted on the metal stud. For installation, this anchor requires an opening through the sheetrock into the cavity. 
         [0035]    Hohmann et al.—U.S. Pat. No. 6,279,283—Issued Aug. 28, 2001 
         [0036]    Discloses a low-profile wall tie primarily for use in renovation construction where in order to match existing mortar height in the facing wythe a compressed wall tie is embedded in the bed joint of the brick veneer. 
         [0037]    Hohmann et al—U.S. Pat. No. 7,017,318—Issued Mar. 28, 2006 
         [0038]    Discloses a high-span anchoring system for a cavity wall wire-to-wire anchor. The structure includes wall reinforcements in both inner and outer wythes. Wire wall anchors extending from the inner wythe and passing through the insulation are compressed to optimize sealing thereabout. 
         [0039]    None of the above provide the masonry cavity wall construction system for an inner masonry wythe and an outer facing wythe with high-span anchoring wire formatives as described hereinbelow. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0040]    In general terms, the wind load anchors and high-wind load anchoring systems disclosed hereby are an integral part of the strengthening system for cavity wall structures. The wall anchor is surface mounted on the inner wythe for disposition in the wall cavity. The wall anchor works in conjunction with installed insulation to preclude penetration of air, moisture and water vapor into the structure. The wall anchor comprises a base and at least one double-walled wing containing an aperture to hold a veneer tie. 
         [0041]    The double-walled wing is a singular planar wall structure either folded and fused onto itself or fused with a separate singular planar wall structure to form a juncture. The doubling of the singular planar wall structure provides greater pull resistance. For maximum pull resistance, the juncture aligns with the midpoint of the singular planar wall structure. The single double-walled wing structure is mounted either vertically or horizontally allowing for on-site determinations of preferred methods of installation. 
         [0042]    A veneer tie is embedded in the bed joint of the outer wythe. For resistance against seismic forces, the high-wind load wall anchoring system has a reinforcement wire which snaps into contoured veneer ties. To minimize thermal transfer, insulative sealing washers are utilized when the anchoring system is mounted on a dry wall inner wythe containing metal support columns. 
       OBJECTS AND FEATURES OF THE INVENTION 
       [0043]    It is an object of the present invention to provide new and novel high-wind load anchoring systems for cavity walls, which systems are surface mountable to the backup wythe thereof. 
         [0044]    It is another object of the present invention to provide high strength through double-walled construction. 
         [0045]    It is yet another object of the present invention provide an anchoring system for preventing disengagement under high-wind load or other environmental conditions. 
         [0046]    It is still yet another object of the present invention to provide an anchoring system which is constructed to maintain insulation integrity by preventing air and water penetration and to maintain the seal between adjacent insulative panels. 
         [0047]    It is another object of the present invention that the anchor plate is formed so that juncture of the double walled wing is aligned with the midpoint of the anchor plate to provide maximum pull resistance. 
         [0048]    It is a feature of the present invention that the baseplate is mountable with the tie-receiving slot oriented vertically or horizontally. 
         [0049]    It is another feature of the present invention that the wall anchor constructs hereof are mounted so to extend through the seams between the insulation panels which seams seal about the wall anchor. 
         [0050]    It is yet another feature of the present invention that the bearing area between the wall anchor and the stud of the backup area spreads the forces thereacross a wide area thereby avoiding pin-point loading. 
         [0051]    Other objects and features of the invention will become apparent upon review of the drawing and the detailed description which follows. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0052]    In the following drawing, the same parts in the various views are afforded the same reference designators. 
           [0053]      FIG. 1  shows a first embodiment of a high-wind load anchoring system of this invention and is a perspective view of the anchoring system as applied to the dry wall construction having exterior panel-type insulation and brick veneer; 
           [0054]      FIG. 2  is a perspective view of the system of  FIG. 1  showing a double-walled, high-wind load wall anchor and a veneer tie threaded therethrough; 
           [0055]      FIG. 3  is a cross sectional view of  FIG. 1  along the xz-plane showing the relationship of the high-wind load anchoring system of this invention to the dry wall and the brick veneer; 
           [0056]      FIG. 4  is a cross sectional view of  FIG. 1  along the yz-plane showing the relationship of the double-walled, high-wind load wall anchor of this invention to the dry wall construction with exterior panel-type insulation; 
           [0057]      FIG. 5  shows a second embodiment of the high-wind load anchoring system of this invention, similar to  FIG. 1 , but showing a dry wall construction with interior insulation, a double-walled high-wind load wall anchor, a veneer tie, and the reinforcing wire snapped into the veneer tie; 
           [0058]      FIG. 6  is a perspective view of the high-wind load anchoring system of  FIG. 5  shown with a high-wind load wall anchor having double-walled wings, a swaged veneer tie threaded therethrough and the reinforcing wire snapped into the veneer tie; 
           [0059]      FIG. 7  is a cross-sectional view of  FIG. 5  along the yz-plane showing the relationship of the double-walled, high-wind-wall anchor of this invention to the dry wall construction and the interior panel-type insulation; 
           [0060]      FIG. 8  shows a third embodiment of the high-wind load anchoring system of this invention and is similar to  FIG. 1  but shows a masonry block backup wall with a sprayed exterior insulation; 
           [0061]      FIG. 9  is a perspective view of the high-wind load anchoring system of  FIG. 8  shown with a double-walled, high-wind load wall anchor, a swaged veneer tie threaded therethrough and a reinforcing wire; and, 
           [0062]      FIG. 10  is a cross sectional view of  FIG. 8  along the xz-plane showing the relationship of the double-walled, high-wind load wall anchor of this invention to the masonry block backup wall and the sprayed exterior insulation. 
       
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
       [0063]    The wind load anchors and high-wind load anchoring systems for cavity walls described herein address issues unique to the art of anchoring masonry veneers. Unlike any other structure-supporting building materials, wall anchors are relatively small, isolated assemblies that operate individually and in concert to shoulder the burden of severe forces bearing upon massive solid-wall constructs. The development and use of highly specialized anchoring systems is in response to the particular challenges associated with wind-loading of support walls and veneers mounted thereto and to the load bearing analysis thereof. This invention rigorously considers and resolves the complex and exacting demands created when high-wind loads, and seismic activity, threaten the structural and functional integrity of anchoring systems that support large-scale, commercial building structures. To this end, the high-wind load anchors and high-wind load anchoring systems of this invention serve, inter alia, to maintain anchor connection integrity to resist lateral forces without deformation of system components, and, under catastrophic conditions, to restrict displacement of the veneer. 
         [0064]    This anchoring system, discussed in detail hereinbelow, has a high-strength wall anchor with a doubled-walled wing and a veneer tie. The base of the wall anchor is surface mounted on an insulated dry wall structure. In the first embodiment, the inner wythe of the cavity wall has an exterior panel-type insulation vertically disposed thereon. As the veneer being anchored is a brick veneer, the anchoring system includes sufficient vertical adjustment so asto avoid any misalignment. 
         [0065]    Referring now to  FIGS. 1 through 4 , the first embodiment shows a surface-mounted anchoring system suitable for cavity wall constructs under high-wind load conditions. The high-wind load anchoring system for cavity walls is referred to generally by the numeral  10 . A cavity wall structure  12  is shown having an inner wythe or dry wall backup  14  formed from sheetrock or wallboard  16  mounted on metal studs or columns  17 . The cavity wall  12  also includes an outer wythe or facing  18  of brick  20  construction. Between the inner wythe  14  and the outer wythe  18 , a cavity  22  is formed. Attached to the exterior surface  24  of the inner wythe  14  is insulation in the form of insulating panels  26 . The insulation  26  is disposed on wallboard  16 . Seams  28  between adjacent panels of insulation  26  are substantially vertical and the vertical edges  27  thereof abut the wing of the wall anchor surface mounted at the center of a column  17 . The seams  28  seat to and about the wall anchor wings, thereby maintaining insulation integrity. The anchoring system  10  is also effective with other forms of insulation, such as loose insulation and spray-on insulation which are not shown. 
         [0066]    Successive bed joints  30  and  32  are substantially planar and horizontally disposed and, in accord with building standards, are 0.375-inch (approx.) in height. Selective ones of bed joints  30  and  32 , which are formed between courses of bricks  20 , are constructed to receive therewithin the insertion portion of the veneer tie of the anchoring system hereof. 
         [0067]    For purposes of discussion, the cavity surface  24  of the inner wythe  14  contains a horizontal line or x-axis  34  and an intersecting vertical line or y-axis  36 . A horizontal line or z-axis  38 , normal to the xy-plane, passes through the coordinate origin formed by the intersecting x- and y-axes. 
         [0068]    Referring now more particularly to  FIG. 2 , the wall anchor  40  is shown as an L-shaped structure which is surface mounted on the wallboard  16  at a base  41  and an arm  42  extends through the vertical seam  28  created between insulating panels  26 . Upon installation, the arm  42  is disposed in the cavity  22 , and contiguous therewith a double-walled wing  43  extends therefrom for interconnection with the veneer tie  44  through receptor  66 . 
         [0069]    In this embodiment, the system includes the wall anchor  40  and a veneer tie  44 . Although other veneer ties work in conjunction with the wall anchor  40 , the veneer tie  44  shown is a Byna-Tie® device manufactured by Hohman &amp; Bamard, Inc., Hauppauge, N.Y. 11788. The veneer tie  44 , shown in  FIG. 1  as being emplaced on the course of bricks  20  in preparation for embedment in the mortar of the bed joint  30 . The veneer tie  44  is then fixedly disposed in an x-z plane of the bed joint  30  and is constructed to adjustably position with the longitudinal axis substantially horizontal and to interengage with the wall anchor  40 . A rear leg  50  of the veneer tie  44  is coextensive and substantially co-planar with a pair of side legs  52  and, upon installation, maintains continuous positive interengagement with the wall anchor  40 . In this embodiment, the veneer tie  44  is preferably a trapezoidal configuration wherein the rear leg  50  is constructed to be threaded into the wall anchor  40  and the real leg  50  is dimensioned to limit side-to-side displacement. Front legs  54  and the adjacent portion of side legs  52  form the insertion portion  56  for embedment in the bed joint  30  of the outer wythe  18 . The double-walled wing  43  measurably strengthens the resistive capacity of the anchoring system against high-wind forces bearing upon the outer wythe  18  and prevents veneer tie  44  deformation. 
         [0070]    At intervals along a horizontal line surface  24 , the wall anchors  40  are surface-mounted at the base  41  thereof. The wall anchors  40  are positioned on the surface  24  so that the intervals therebetween coincide with the insulating panel  26  dimension, e.g. 16-inch center-to-center. The arm  42  is proportioned so that the insulation panel  26 , resting against the exterior surface  24  of the inner wythe  14 , fits snugly between horizontally adjacent wall anchor  40  installations and does not occlude receptor  66 . This construct maintains the insulation integrity of the system. 
         [0071]    A double-walled wing  43 , coextensive with arm  42  of the wall anchor  40 , is contoured with a vertically elongated receptor or aperture  66  through which the veneer tie  44  is threaded. The aperture  66  is constructed to be within predetermined dimensions to restrict z-axis  38  movement. The dimensional relationship between the aperture  66  and the veneer tie  44  permits range of movement of the veneer tie  44  along the y-axis  36  while limiting z-axis  38  movement. As a result of this structural arrangement, the veneer tie  44  remains horizontally disposed within an x-z plane and external compressive force experienced by the face of the outer wythe  18  is maintained horizontally against along the veneer tie  44  and not broken into force components that would distort the veneer tie  44 . 
         [0072]    As shown in the first embodiment described above, the double-walled wing structure  43  improves the anchoring capability by increasing the material surrounding the receptor or aperture  66  and thereby strengthening the anchoring system interconnection with the veneer tie  44 . This structure further improves the functional integrity of the high wind-load anchoring system, prevents distortion of the wall anchor  40  and provides enhanced connection security and stability. 
         [0073]    In this embodiments, the double-walled wing structure  42  is formed from a single planar wall structure wrapped upon itself. Preferably, the double walled wing structure  43  is a sheetmetal stamping wherein the double wrapped walls are fused together while several joining techniques are suitable, the TOX joining technique is used here. Optionally, this embodiment of the double-walled structure  43  may be formed from two separate planar wall structures fused together along the facing wall surfaces. The improvement established by the preferred embodiment is the fused feature of the double-wall structure  43  which enhances the strength and performance of the wall anchor  40  by providing structural reinforcement to resist distortion under high-wind load conditions. The aforementioned TOX joining technique is a process by which one piece of metal is fused to another. Through the application of extremely high pressures, the metal begins to flow so that the two pieces fuse together as one. 
         [0074]    A single-walled and double-walled (without the walls fused one to another) wall anchor  40  were placed under a pull test. In the testing, tension was applied at the aperture  66  of the wall anchor  40 . In the case of a single-walled wall anchor  40 , deformation began at  190  psi with failure occurring at 222 psi, or in terms of pounds of tension, 524 lbs. and 607 lbs., respectively. In the case of a double-walled (without the walls fused one to the other) wall anchor  40 , deformation began at 310 psi with failure occurring at 365 psi, or in terms of pounds of tension, 855 lbs. and 1007 lbs., respectively. This demonstrates that even without fusing a double wall, a 60-65% improvement is experienced. As some of the test force was dissipated by the separation of the double wall, a fused structure as described herein above results in greater pull test advantage. Maximum pull resistance is achieved when the juncture of the double wall  49  is formed to align with the central plane  47  of the single planar wall  51 . 
         [0075]    The description which follows is a second embodiment of the surface-mounted anchoring system for cavity walls of this invention. For ease of comprehension, wherever possible, similar parts use reference designators  100  units higher than those above. Thus, a veneer tie  144  of the second embodiment is analogous to the veneer tie  44  of the first embodiment. Referring now to  FIGS. 5 through 7 , the second embodiment of the surface-mounted anchoring system is shown and is referred to generally by numeral  110 . As in the first embodiment, a cavity wall structure  112  is shown. The second embodiment has an inner wythe or backup wall  114  of a dry wall or a wallboard construct  116  on columns or studs  117  and an outer wythe or veneer  118  of brick  120 . Here, the anchoring system includes a surface mounted wall anchor  140  with a pair of slotted, double walled wing portions  143  or receptors for receiving the veneer tie  144 , and a reinforcement snap-in wire  146  which interengages with the veneer tie  144 . The structural reinforcement provided by the snap-in wire  146  addresses the high-strength requirements associated with seismic conditions. 
         [0076]    The anchoring system  110  is surface mounted to an exterior surface  124  of the inner wythe  114 . In this embodiment, although many types of insulation can be used, batts of insulation  126  are shown disposed between adjacent columns  117 . Successive bed joints  130  and  132  are substantially planar and horizontally disposed and, in accord with building standards, are 0.375-inch (approx.) in height. Selective ones of bed joints  130  and  132 , which are formed between courses of bricks  120 , are constructed to receive therewithin the insertion portion of the anchoring system construct hereof. Being surface mounted onto the inner wythe, the anchoring system  110  is constructed cooperatively therewith, and as described in greater detail below, is configured to penetrate through the wallboard at a covered insertion point. 
         [0077]    For purposes of discussion, the cavity or exterior surface  124  of the inner wythe  114  contains a horizontal line or x-axis  134  and an intersecting vertical line or y-axis  136 . A horizontal line or z-axis  138 , normal to the xy-plane, passes through the coordinate origin formed by the intersecting x- and y-axes. The wall anchor  140  is constructed for surface mounting on the inner wythe  114  and for interconnection with the veneer tie  144 . 
         [0078]    The veneer tie  144  is shown in  FIG. 5  as being emplaced on a course of bricks  120  in preparation for embedment in the mortar of bed joint  130 . The veneer tie  144  is a swaged box Byna-Tie device manufactured by Hohman &amp; Bamard, Inc., Hauppauge, N.Y. 11788. A rear leg  150  of the veneer tie  144  is coextensive, perpendicular and substantially co-planar with a pair of side legs  152  maintaining continuous positive engagement with the wall anchor  140 . The side legs  152 , terminating in an overlapping arrangement, are adapted for embedment in the bed joint  130  and swaged for receiving and securing the snap-in wire  146  disposed therewithin. 
         [0079]    At intervals along a horizontal line surface  124 , wall anchors  140  are surface-mounted at a base  141 . The wall anchors  140  are positioned on the exterior surface  124  of the inner wythe  114  such that the longitudinal axis of column  117  lies within the yz-plane formed by the y-axis  136  of the base  141 . 
         [0080]    The wall anchor construct of the second embodiment is seen in more detail in  FIGS. 6 and 7 . Two double-walled wings  143 , vertically disposed, extend horizontally from and coextensively with the base  141  of the wall anchor  140 . Each double-walled wing  143  is contoured with a vertically elongated aperture  166  which interengages with the rear leg  150  of the veneer tie  144  that is threaded therethrough. The aperture  166  is constructed to be within predetermined dimensions to restrict movement along the z-axis. The dimensional relationship between the aperture  166  and the veneer tie  144  permits range of movement of the veneer tie  144  along the y-axis  136  while limiting z-axis  138  movement. As a result of this structural arrangement, the veneer tie  144  remains horizontally disposed within the x-z plane of bed joint  130  so that external compressive forces bearing against the face of the outer wythe  118  are transmitted along the veneer tie body  144  and not broken into components. 
         [0081]    In this embodiment, insulation panels  126  are vertically disposed between successive metal columns  117  of the inner wythe  114  to minimize air and moisture penetration through the cavity  122  formed between the inner wythe  114  and the outer wythe  118  and maintain the insulation integrity of the system. 
         [0082]    In the second embodiment, the improvement is the enhanced strength and performance of two double-walled wing  143  structures which distribute the burden of high-wind forces to resist deformation of the wall anchor  140  coupled with the snap-in wire structure  165  which provides reinforcement against seismic forces. This combination of features doubles the anchoring security and motion stability of the high-wind load anchoring system  110  of this invention. 
         [0083]    The description which follows is a third embodiment of the high-wind load anchoring system for cavity walls of this invention. This description, wherever possible, will continue the numbering convention used above wherein similar parts use reference designators  100  units higher than those in the second embodiment. Thus, the veneer tie  144  of the second embodiment is analogous to a veneer tie  244  of the third embodiment. 
         [0084]    Referring now to  FIGS. 8 through 10 , the third embodiment of the surface-mounted anchoring system is shown and is referred to generally by numeral  210 . An inner wythe  214  of cavity wall structure  212  has exterior spray-type insulation  226  disposed thereon, although other forms of insulation are available for use in the anchoring system. The third embodiment has an inner wythe or back-up wall  214  of masonry block  216  and an outer wythe or veneer  218  of brick  220 . In this embodiment, the anchoring system has a surface mounted wall anchor  240  with a receptor arm  243  co-extending horizontally therefrom, a doubled-walled wing portion  243  contiguous with the receptor arm  242  and dimensioned for receiving the veneer tie  244 , and a reinforcement snap-in wire  246  which interengages with the veneer tie  244 . Here, as in the second embodiment, the structural reinforcement provided by the snap-in wire  246  resolves the high-strength requirements associated with seismic conditions. The wall anchor  240  is shown as an L-shaped structure which is surface mounted on the wall board  216  at the base  241 . The receptor arm  242 , extending laterally from the base  241  and is disposed in a cavity  222  formed between the inner wythe  214  and the outer wythe  218 . The double-walled wing  243 , co-planar and co-extensive with the receptor arm  242 , is poised for interconnection with the veneer tie  244 . 
         [0085]    The veneer tie  244  is shown in  FIG. 8  as being emplaced on a course of bricks  220  in preparation for embedment in the mortar of a bed joint  230 . In this embodiment, a pair of side legs  265  of the veneer tie are co-extensive, perpendicular and substantially co-planar with a front leg  267  of the veneer tie  240 . The pair of side legs  265  terminate in pintle structures  264  vertically disposed for interengagement with a horizontally elongated aperture  243  of the double-walled wing structure  243  of the wall anchor  240 . The front leg  267  of the veneer tie  240  is swaged to securely receive and accommodate the snap-in wire  246 . 
         [0086]    At intervals along a horizontal line surface  224 , the wall anchors  240  are surface-mounted at a base  241 . Each wall anchor  240  is mounted at its base  241  upon the exterior surface  224  of the inner wythe  214  such that the mid-point longitudinal axis of a masonry block  216  lies within the yz-plane formed by the y-axis  236  of the base  241 . Although the receptor arm  243  is dimensioned to accommodate many forms of insulation, spray-type insulation  226  is shown disposed along the exterior surface  224  of the inner wythe  214  to maintain the insulation integrity of the system. 
         [0087]    The aperture  266  of the double-walled wing  243  is vertically elongated and the veneer tie  244  is threaded therethrough. The aperture  266  is constructed to be within predetermined dimensions to restrict z-axis  238  and x-axis  234  movement. The dimensional relationship between the aperture  266  and the veneer tie  244  permits range of movement of the veneer tie  244  along the y-axis  236  while limiting z-axis  238  and x-axis  234  movement. As a result of this structural arrangement, the veneer tie  244  remains horizontally disposed within the x-z plane of bed joint  230  so that any external compressive force bearing upon the face of the outer wythe  218  is transmitted along the veneer tie body  244  and not broken into components. 
         [0088]    In the third embodiment, the improvement is the enhanced strength and performance of the double-walled wing structure  243  which absorbs the burden of high-wind forces to resist deformation of the wall anchor  240  coupled with the snap-in wire  265  structure which provides reinforcement against seismic forces, thereby providing improved connection security and motion stability to the high-wind load anchoring system  210  of this invention. Maximum pull resistance is achieved when the juncture of the double wall  249  is formed to align with the central plane  247  of the single planar wall  251 . 
         [0089]    Because many varying and different embodiments may be made within the scope of the inventive concept herein taught and because many modifications may be made in the embodiments herein detailed in accordance with the descriptive requirement of the law, it is to be understood that the details herein are to be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.