Abstract:
An integrated circuit device is manufactured by forming an insulating layer on a substrate. A capping layer is formed on the insulating layer and both the capping layer and the insulating layer are patterned. Insulating spacers are formed on sidewalls of the insulating layer so that the insulating spacers, the capping layer, and the substrate enclose the insulating layer.

Description:
RELATED APPLICATION  
         [0001]    This application claims the benefit of Korean Patent Application No. 2000-74315, filed Dec. 7, 2000, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference.  
         FIELD OF THE INVENTION  
         [0002]    The present invention relates generally to integrated circuit devices and manufacturing methods therefor and, more particularly, to insulation layers that may be used to fill gaps between conductive layers and manufacturing methods therefor.  
         BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0003]    With the development of very large scale integrated (VLSI) circuits, the integration density of semiconductor devices may increase and design rules may decrease. As a result, the distance between adjacent conductive layers at the same level may decrease, which can increase aspect ratios in gaps between conductive layers.  
           [0004]    Various technologies for filling a high aspect ratio gap between conductive layers with an insulating material have been developed. Boro-phospho-silicate glass (BPSG) and high density plasma (HDP) oxide are insulating materials that have generally good gap filling properties. Because the formation of BPSG layers typically involves the performance of a reflow process at a temperature of approximately 800° C. or higher, it generally is not used in products having a design rule of 0.15 μm or less due to short channel effects of transistors. Furthermore, because HDP oxide is generally less effective in filling gaps, it typically is not used in products having a design rule of 0.1 μm or less.  
           [0005]    To overcome the above problems, spin on glass (SOG) may be used as a gap filling material. Because SOG is deposited in a liquid state, it may be used to fill high aspect ratio gaps between conductive layers in an effective manner. Also, because SOG has a relatively low dielectric constant and may reduce conductive coupling between adjacent conductive layers, it may be used to further increase the integration density of semiconductor devices.  
           [0006]    While SOG liquids have generally good gap filling abilities, they are routinely densified through a curing process. During curing, a SOG layer may not be sufficiently cured at points near other layers. During a subsequent wet cleaning process, an SOG layer that is not sufficiently cured may deform due to water absorption from the cleaning solution. Furthermore, the portion of the SOG layer that is not sufficiently cured may be more readily removed due to a relatively high etch rate, which may result in profile defects. For example, in a worst case scenario, an entire SOG layer may be removed, thereby eliminating an interlayer dielectric film. Also, during subsequent thermal processing, outgassing may occur, thereby removing water from the SOG layer. This may cause, for example, via poisoning stemming from oxidation of an exposed metal wiring layer. Even if a SOG layer is successfully cured, because the etch rate of the SOG layer may be relatively high compared to other oxide layers, more serious problems may occur as a design rule decreases.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0007]    According to embodiments of the present invention, an integrated circuit device is manufactured by forming an insulating layer on a substrate. A capping layer is formed on the insulating layer and both the capping layer and the insulating layer are patterned. Insulating spacers are formed on sidewalls of the insulating layer so that the insulating spacers, the capping layer, and the substrate enclose the insulating layer. The capping layer and the insulating spacers comprise a protective layer that may inhibit water absorption by the insulating layer and reduce the risk of profile deformation in the insulating layer. Furthermore, the protective layer may reduce outgassing from the insulating layer, which may result in via poisoning due to oxidation of a metal wiring layer.  
           [0008]    In other embodiments, the insulating layer is a spin on glass layer and the capping layer comprises silicon oxide, silicon nitride, undoped polysilicon, doped polysilicon, and/or Al 2 O 3 . In still other embodiments, each of the insulating spacers has a width in a range of about 50 Å to about 200 Å.  
           [0009]    In still other embodiments, the insulating spacers are formed by forming a second insulating layer on the capping layer, the sidewalls of the first insulating layer, and the substrate. The second insulating layer is then etched so as to expose the substrate and the capping layer. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0010]    Other features of the present invention will be more readily understood from the following detailed description of specific embodiments thereof when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:  
         [0011]    FIGS.  1 - 9  are cross sectional views that illustrate integrated circuit devices having encapsulated insulation layers and methods of manufacturing same in accordance with embodiments of the present invention. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
       [0012]    While the invention is susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiments thereof are shown by way of example in the drawings and will herein be described in detail. It should be understood, however, that there is no intent to limit the invention to the particular forms disclosed, but on the contrary, the invention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the claims. Like numbers refer to like elements throughout the description of the figures. In the figures, the dimensions of layers and regions are exaggerated for clarity. It will also be understood that when an element, such as a layer, region, or substrate, is referred to as being “on” another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may be present. In contrast, when an element, such as a layer, region, or substrate, is referred to as being “directly on” another element, there are no intervening elements present. In the drawings, FIGS. 1A through 9A are cross-sectional views when viewed from a direction parallel to a direction in which an active region of a semiconductor substrate used, for example, in manufacturing a DRAM extends. FIGS. 1B through 9B are cross-sectional views when viewed from a direction perpendicular to the direction in which the active region extends.  
         [0013]    Referring to FIGS. 1A and 1B, a plurality of conductive patterns  20  covered with a first insulating layer  22 , such as a silicon nitride layer, are formed on a semiconductor substrate  10  in which an active region is defined by an isolation region  12 . In accordance with embodiments of the present invention, the conductive patterns  20  may comprise a plurality of gate electrodes. A contact region  14  positioned on the active region of the semiconductor substrate  10  is exposed between each of the plurality of gate electrodes  20 . First insulating layers  22  overly the gate electrodes  20 .  
         [0014]    Referring to FIGS. 2A and 2B, a second insulating layer  30  is formed to a thickness of about 10 Å-300 Å on the surface of the semiconductor substrate  10  exposed between the gate electrodes  20 . The second insulating layer  30  may function as an etch stop layer during subsequent processing. The second insulating layer  30  may comprise silicon nitride, silicon oxide, and/or aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ), in accordance with embodiments of the present invention. In preferred embodiments of the present invention, the second insulating layer comprises silicon nitride. In other embodiments of the present invention, the second insulating layer  30  may be omitted.  
         [0015]    Referring to FIGS. 3A and 3B, spin-on-glass (SOG) is deposited on the first and second insulating layers  22  and  30 , thereby filling a space between the gate electrodes  20 . Curing is then performed on the SOG to form a planarized SOG layer  40 .  
         [0016]    Referring to FIGS. 4A and 4B, a capping layer  42  is formed on the SOG layer  40 . The capping layer  42 , which may be removed during subsequent processing, may comprise an insulating material or a conductive material, and may be used to protect the SOG layer  40 . In accordance with embodiments of the present invention, the capping layer  42  may comprise silicon oxide, silicon nitride, undoped polysilicon, doped polysilicon, and/or Al 2 O 3 .  
         [0017]    Referring to FIGS. 5A and 5B, the capping layer  42  and the SOG layer  40  are patterned by photolithography using a photoresist pattern (not shown) to form a SOG pattern  40   a  that exposes the first and second insulating layers  22  and  30  and a capping pattern  42   a  that overlies the SOG pattern  40   a.  If the second insulating layer  30  is omitted, then the contact region  14  of the semiconductor substrate  10  and the top of the first insulating layer  22  are exposed by an opening H formed through the capping pattern  42   a  and the SOG pattern  40   a.  The SOG pattern  40   a  has a first sidewall  40   r  that extends vertically from the top of the first insulating layer  22  and a second sidewall  40   s  that extends vertically from the surface of semiconductor substrate  10 . Conventional ashing and strip processes may then be performed to remove the photoresist pattern. Sulfuric acid may be used in a strip process, which generally does not adversely impact the profile of the SOG pattern  40   a.    
         [0018]    Referring to FIGS. 6A and 6B, insulating spacers  44  overlying the first and second sidewalls  40   r  and  40   s  of the SOG pattern  40   a  are formed on the first and second insulating layers  22  and  30 , respectively. The width of each of the insulating spacers  44  may be about 50 Å-500 Å. In accordance with some embodiments of the present invention, each of the insulating spacers  44  has a width of about 50 Å-200 Å. The insulating spacers  44  may be formed by first forming a third insulating layer on the resulting structure in which the SOG pattern  40   a  and the capping pattern  42   a  have been formed. The third insulating layer may comprise silicon oxide, silicon nitride, undoped polysilicon, and/or Al 2 O 3 . The third insulating layer is then etched to leave insulating spacers  44  covering the first and second sidewalls  40   r  and  40   s  of the SOG pattern  40   a  and the sidewall of the capping pattern  42   a  on the first and second insulating layers  22  and  30 . In embodiments of the present invention in which the first insulating layer  22  comprises silicon nitride, the third insulating layer may comprise silicon oxide to allow the third insulating layer to be selectively etched with respect to the silicon nitride layer during etchback of the third insulating layer, which may minimize loss of the first insulating layer  22 .  
         [0019]    As a result, the SOG pattern  40   a  is surrounded by a protective layer, which comprises the capping pattern  42   a  overlying the top of the SOG pattern  40   a,  the insulating spacers  44  overlying the first and second sidewalls  40   r  and  40   s,  and the first and second insulating layers  22  and  30 . Together, the protective layer and the SOG pattern  40   a  may comprise an interlayer dielectric pattern. If the second insulating layer  30  is omitted, then the bottom of the SOG pattern  40   a  is surrounded by the semiconductor substrate  10  instead of the second insulating layer  30 .  
         [0020]    The second insulating layer  30  may serve as an etch stop layer during etchback of the third insulating layer. Thus, the insulating spacers  44  are formed after the etchback is complete while a portion of the second insulating layer  30  exposed by the opening H is substantially removed to expose the contact region  14  of the semiconductor substrate  10 . The top of the first insulating layer  22 , which is exposed by the opening H, may also be partially consumed. The thickness of the first insulating layer  22  may be adjusted based on the amount of material typically consumed during etchback of the third insulating layer.  
         [0021]    Referring to FIGS. 7A and 7B, a native oxide layer is removed from the contact region  14  by, for example, wet cleaning using a cleaning solution  50  or dry cleaning. If wet cleaning is used, then the cleaning solution  50  may comprise, for example, hydrofluoric acid (HF) or a standard solution (SC)-1 comprising a mixture of NH 4 OH, H 2 O 2 , and H 2 O. In accordance with embodiments of the present invention, the SOG pattern  40   a  is surrounded by the protective layer, which comprises the capping pattern  42   a  overlying the top of the SOG pattern  40   a,  the insulating spacers  44  overlying the first and second sidewalls  40   r  and  40   s,  and the first and second insulating layers  22  and  30 . Thus, if the SOG pattern  40   a  is not completely cured, then the protective layer may inhibit water absorption from the cleaning solution  50  and reduce the risk of profile deformation in the SOG pattern  40   a  and interlayer dielectric patterns comprising the same.  
         [0022]    Referring to FIGS. 8A and 8B, after removing the native oxide layer from the contact region  14 , a conductive material, such as a doped polysilicon, is deposited on the resulting structure to fill the opening H with a conductive layer  60 . Because the SOG pattern  40   a  is surrounded by the protective layer comprising the capping pattern  42   a,  the insulating spacers  44 , and the first and second insulating layers  22  and  30 , outgassing from the SOG pattern  40   a,  which may adversely impact the conductive layer  60 , may be reduced.  
         [0023]    Referring to FIGS. 9A and 9B, chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) is performed on the resulting structure in which the conductive layer  60  has been formed until the first insulating layer  22  is exposed. As a result, a portion of the conductive layer  60  is removed to thereby form a contact pad  60   a,  which is self aligned by the gate electrode  20  and contacts the contact region  14 . As part of the CMP operation, the capping pattern  42   a  and portions of the SOG pattern  40   a  and the insulating spacers  44  are removed, and the SOG pattern  40   a  is exposed on the polished surface. The contact pad  60   a  may not suffer from via poisoning caused by the SOG pattern  40   a  because an interlayer dielectric pattern that comprises the SOG pattern  40   a  is surrounded by the protective layer, which may inhibit outgassing from the SOG pattern  40   a.    
         [0024]    From the foregoing it can readily be seen that, in accordance with embodiments of the present invention, an interlayer dielectric film may be formed that comprises a SOG layer that is surrounded by a protective layer. A high-density semiconductor device may be manufactured in which a contact pad is self-aligned to an underlying conductive pattern using the interlayer dielectric film comprising the SOG layer and the protective layer. During a wet cleaning step performed before forming the contact pad, but after having formed the interlayer dielectric film, water absorption and profile deformation, which may adversely affect the SOG layer, may be reduced. Moreover, the protective layer of the interlayer dielectric film may reduce outgassing from the SOG layer, which may reduce the possibility of via poisoning resulting from oxidation on the contact pad.  
         [0025]    In concluding the detailed description, it should be noted that many variations and modifications can be made to the preferred embodiments without substantially departing from the principles of the present invention. All such variations and modifications are intended to be included herein within the scope of the present invention, as set forth in the following claims.