Abstract:
The inventive method, implemented in an optical flexible wavelength division multiplexing FWDM network, includes finding a connection route in an optical FWDM network on which a channel with sufficient spectrum is available at lowest wavelength among all available channels, finding K channels at first available K lower wavelengths out of available channels for minimizing total required spectrum; and selecting a channel which is routed through minimum number of optical fiber paths out of the K available channels at one of the lower wavelengths.

Description:
[0001]    This application claims the benefit of the following U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/384,132, entitled, “Greedy Channel Selection Procedure for the Routing, Wavelength Assignment and Spectrum Allocation in the Flexible Optical WDM Networks”, filed Sep. 17, 2010, is related to co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/______, entiltled, “RATE SELECTION FOR CHANNEL SELECTION IN FLEXIBLE WDM NETWORKS”, filed Sep. 16, 2011 (see Docket 10040), and co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/______, entitled”, ______, filed Sep. 17, 2011 (see Docket 10041), all of which whose contents are incorporated herein by reference. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    The present invention relates generally to optical communications and more particularly to Greedy Channel Selection Procedure for the Routing, Wavelength Assignment and Spectrum Allocation in the Flexible Optical WDM Networks. 
         [0003]    The channel spacing in the current optical WDM networks is fixed and same for all channels, standardized by the ITU-T [ITU-T], irrespective of the line rate of channels ( FIG. 1(   a )). Such networks herein are referred to as fixed grid networks. Fixed spectrum assigned to channels in the fixed grid networks may not be sufficient if the channels require larger spectral width to support higher line rates. On the other hand, if channels are operating at low line rates, then the required spectrum may be smaller than the assigned spectrum. Thus, in a mixed line rate system, the spectrum efficiency is not optimized for each line rate in the fixed grid networks. 
         [0004]    There has been growing research interests on optical WDM systems that are not limited to fixed ITU-T channel grid, but offer flexible channel grid to increase the spectral efficiency Herein, Applicants refer to such networks as the Flexible optical WDM networks (FWDM) ( FIG. 1(   b )). Some important problems in the FWDM networks are: for a given configuration of the optical network in terms of location of optical nodes and the deployed fibers connecting optical nodes, and a given set of connections with finite data rates between two disjoint optical nodes, i) how to find a set of all-optical channels (channels are distinguished based on its operating wavelength and spectrum allocation) which can support the requested data rate for each connection; ii) how to select the line rate of channels for each connection to support the required data rates; and iii) how to route these channel in the network, such that the total required spectrum for the optical WDM network is minimized. Channels which transfer the data between end users without converting them into electrical domain are referred to as the All-Optical channels. Together the problems described above are referred to as the Routing, Wavelength assignment, and Spectrum Allocation (RWSA) in the all-optical flexible optical WDM networks. 
         [0005]    Since in the fixed grid networks, the spectrum, assigned to each channel, is fixed and remains the same for all channels, the channel can be distinguished based only on its operating wavelength. Thus, the RWSA problem is transformed into the Routing, and Wavelength Assignment problem. 
         [0006]    The RWA is the special case of the RWSA problem in which the spectral width of all channels is the same. When finding a connection in all-optical fixed grid WDM networks using the RWA solutions, we need to make sure that the same wavelength is available on all fiber cables along the route, which we refer as the wavelength continuity constraint. On the other hand, when finding a connection in the FWDM networks, the RWSA solutions need to satisfy not only the wavelength continuity constraint, but also make sure that the same continuous spectrum is available on each fiber in the link, which we refer as the spectral continuity constraint. Additionally, the spectrum allocation to different channels must be non-overlapping, which we refer as spectral conflict constraint. Thus, due to spectral continuity and spectral conflict constraints, existing solutions for the RWA problem may not be applicable to the RWSA problem. 
         [0007]    This problem for the first time in has been introduced with a proposed mathematical formulation of the problem in terms of Integer Linear Program (ILP). The time required to solve the RWSA problem using the ILP is very long, and increases exponentially with the system size. Thus, the mathematical formulation solution in is not scalable. 
         [0008]    Accordingly, there is a need for an improved channel selection for the routing, wavelength assignment and spectrum allocation in flexible optical WDM networks. 
       BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0009]    The present invention is directed to a greedy channel selection procedure for the routing, wavelength assignment and spectrum allocation in the flexible optical WDM Networks. 
         [0010]    In an aspect of the invention, a method implemented in an optical flexible wavelength division multiplexing FWDM network, said method comprising the steps of: finding a connection route in an optical FWDM network on which a channel with sufficient spectrum is available at lowest wavelength among all available channels; finding K channels at first available K lower wavelengths out of available channels for minimizing total required spectrum; and selecting a channel which is routed through minimum number of optical fiber paths out of said K available channels at one of said lower wavelengths. 
         [0011]    In a more specific aspect of the invention, a method implemented in a communications system including an optical flexible wavelength division multiplexing FWDM network includes finding an optimal set of line rates for a requested data rate of each connection in the FWDM using a channel selection for a total spectrum requirement for the set of line rates that is minimal; determining available channels with sufficient spectrum for each connection in a given set of each connection in a specific order; ascertaining K candidate channels on first available K wavelengths for each connection, all channels having distinct wavelengths with some channels co-existing on a same route connecting end users of the connection, K being number of channels to be considered for each the connection; and selecting, out of the K candidate channels, a channel routed through a minimum number of physical optical paths, the K channels being found on first available the K wavelengths for confining selection of a channel for a given the connection at lower wavelengths thereby reducing spectrum required for the connection. 
         [0012]    These and other advantages of the invention will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art by reference to the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0013]      FIG. 1  depicts fixed transmission channel spacing and flexible transmission channel spacing to which the inventive method is directed; 
           [0014]      FIG. 2A and 2B  is a flow diagram of the greedy channel selection for the RWSA problem, in accordance with the invention; and 
           [0015]      FIG. 3  is a flow chart of a channel estimation used by the greedy channel selection of  FIG. 2A and 2B , in accordance with the invention. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0016]    The present invention is directed to a greedy channel selection procedure to solve the RWSA problem. It further improves the time efficiency. The greedy channel selection procedure reduces the time required to solve the RWSA problem compared to the K-alternate channel selection procedure while delivers approximately the same quality of a solution. 
         [0017]    Applicants first introduce some terminologies in order to explain the inventive greedy channel selection procedure. In this method, Applicants assume that the given spectrum is discretized in the frequency domain in order to reduce the complexity of the RWSA problem. The smallest unit of a spectrum is referred to as a wavelength slot. Applicants also assume that the required spectrum by any line rate is larger than the spectrum of a wavelength slot. The spectrum can also be referred to in terms of the number of wavelength slots. In a fiber section, a wavelength slot can either be in the available state or the occupied state. No more than one channel can occupy a wavelength slot (spectrum), however an optical channel can occupy more than one consecutive wavelength slots. The state information of wavelength slots on a fiber cable or a route is referred as the spectrum availability information. The lower end of the consecutive wavelength slots is referred as the wavelength of a channel. 
         [0018]    In the inventive greedy channel selection procedure, first is found the optimal set of line rates for the requested data rate of each connection using a channel selection procedure. The total spectrum, required for the set of line rates obtained through the channel selection procedure is minimum. Then is found the available channels with sufficient spectrum one by one for each connection in the given set of connections in a specific order. For each connection, the method finds K candidate channels on first available K wavelengths. All channels are having distinct wavelengths, but some channels may coexist on the same route connecting end users of the connection. Out of K candidate channels, the method selects a channel which is routed through minimum number of fiber cables. The K channels are found on first available K wavelengths, thus the proposed method confines the selection of a channel for a given connection at the lower wavelengths, which reduces the total required spectrum. On the other hand, finding K channels, and selecting a channel which is routed through minimum physical distance avoids overutilization of spectral resources due to longer length of a route. 
         [0019]    As denoted herein, K is the number of channels to be considered for each connection, Δ is the given set of connections, Δ′ is the set of connections obtained through channel selection procedure, R sd   γ  is a connection with data rate γ between end user s and d, Y sd  is the physical shortest distance of a route connecting end user s with the end user d, L is a set of line rates supported by the network,  1  is the line rate of a channel, x l  is the required spectrum for a channel operating at line rate l, Z e   w  the state of a wavelength slot, w, on fiber e (if the wavelength slot w is available on fiber e, then Z e   w  is equal to 1, otherwise 0), M e  is the state of availability of number of consecutive wavelength slots (equivalent to the spectrum), required for the line rate l of a connection, on a fiber e. (If-amounts of consecutive wavelength slots are available on a fiber e, which is equivalent to the required spectrum x l  for line rate l of a connection, then M e  is initialized to 1, otherwise M e  is initialized to zero), L γ  is the optimal set of line rates obtained through channel selection procedure on data rate γ, E i  is a set of fibers through which a channel i is routed. The spectrum of a wavelength slot is denoted as, δ. The total number of such wavelength slots, W, can be given by the following formula. 
         [0000]                  (1)
 
         [0020]      FIG. 2A and 2B  illustrates the flowchart for the inventive greedy channel selection procedure for the RWSA problem in the FWDM networks, and explain in detail as follow. 
         [0021]    First  100  the method estimates the number of channels required for the proposed method using the channels estimation procedure. 
         [0022]    The method  101  uses a channel selection procedure to find the optimal set of line rates, L γ , for the requested data rate γ by the connection R sd   γ . The total spectrum of the set of line rates, L γ , is minimum. 
         [0023]    A t step  102  the method redefines a connection based on a line rate instead of the requested data rate. For each given connection defined based on data rate, R sd   γ,  , the method creates a new connection R′ sd   l , where l∈L γ . This procedure results in a new set of requests, Δ′. Then  103  the method sorts the connections of a set, Δ′, in descending order of a cost function, C, which is the multiplication of the required spectrum by a connection and the shortest distance of a connection, (x l * Y sd ). This cost function is proportional to the spectrum requirement of the connection, and the shortest physical distance of the route connecting end users of the connection. The reason behind this strategy is that the probability of availability of channel at lower wavelengths decreases as the required spectrum increases. Similarly, the probability of availability of channels at lower wavelength decreases as the length of the connection increases. Thus, by giving a higher priority to those connections, which require large amount of spectrum, and with large physical distance between the end users, we increase the probability of successfully establishing them at lower wavelengths. 
         [0024]    After the prior sorting, the method  104  selects and removes a connection from the sorted list, Δ′. Then the method  105  initializes the index of a channel and index of the wavelength slot to zero. The index of a channel is incremented  106 . The index of a wavelength slot is incremented  107 . A fiber cable is selected from the given set of fibers  108 . 
         [0025]    At the next step  109 , the method checks the availability of the consecutive wavelength slots starting from a current wavelength slot, w, up to wavelength slot, -, which is equivalent to the required spectrum for the line rate l by the given connection. If the consecutive wavelength slots are available than the method proceeds to step  110 , otherwise the method proceeds to step  111 . At step  110 , the method initializes the state of a fiber to 1. At step  111 , the method initializes the state of a fiber to 0. 
         [0026]    Then the method  112  checks whether availability of consecutive wavelength slot is determined for all fiber cables. If there is any fiber left, then the method repeats steps starting from  108  up to  111 , otherwise the method proceeds to the step  113 . At step  113 , the method finds the route between the end users of a connection through only those fibers for which the state is  1 . If there exist a route then the method proceeds to step  114 , otherwise the method repeats the steps starting from  107  up to  112 . 
         [0027]    A step  114 , the found route is recoded into set E i , and the index of the current wavelength slot is stored in to q i , which represent the route and a wavelength for the i th  channel. Here, starting from steps  107  up to  114 , the method finds a route on which a channel, operating at wavelength, w, and having enough spectrum for the requested line rate, is available. 
         [0028]    In the next step  115 , the method checks whether we already found at least K channels for a connection. If method already found K channels, then it proceeds to the step  116 , otherwise the method repeats steps starting from  106  up to  114 . Here, starting from step  106  up to  115 , K channels which can supper the connection are found. These are the channels on first available K wavelengths. In this step  116 , the method selects a channel which is routed through minimum number of fiber cables. 
         [0029]    Next  117 , for the found channel in the step  116 , the method returns the corresponding route and wavelength on which the required spectrum for the requested line rate of the connection is available. Here, in steps  116  and  117 , the method finds a channel with minimum physical distance. 
         [0030]    At step  118 the method checks whether there was found the solution for all connection in the set, Δ′. If there is still any connection left to be routed then the method repeats steps from  104  up to  117 , otherwise the method is terminated. 
         [0031]    In  FIG. 3 , there is illustrated a flowchart for the procedure to find the estimation on number of channels for the greedy channel selection procedure for the RWSA problem in the FWDM networks, and explain in detail as follow. If given the probability of availability of a wavelength slot, P w , and average number of fiber cable, h, on shortest routes of a connection, then the following procedure finds the upper limit on the number of channels needed for the proposed method with a confidence level of β. We assume that the traffic load is equally distributed among all fiber cables in the network. 
         [0032]    Initially,  201  the method finds the probability of availability of-consecutive wavelength slots starting from wavelength slot w, Q w , on a fiber.  202 : Then the probability of availability of-consecutive wavelength slots on a shortest path is found  202 . Followed  203  by finding the wavelength slot, w, for which the probability of availability of consecutive time slots, T w , is at least β. Lastly, the method finds  204  the number of channels in the greedy channel selection procedure is either w, found in the step  203 , or-, which presents the maximum number of wavelength slots, whichever is minimum. 
         [0033]    The foregoing is to be understood as being in every respect illustrative and exemplary, but not restrictive, and the scope of the invention disclosed herein is not to be determined from the Detailed Description, but rather from the claims as interpreted according to the full breadth permitted by the patent laws. It is to be understood that the embodiments shown and described herein are only illustrative of the principles of the present invention and that those skilled in the art may implement various modifications without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. Those skilled in the art could implement various other feature combinations without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention.