Abstract:
A motion sensitive device for causing an electronic signal to be sent to one or more output devices, comprising a printed circuit board, a battery connected to the printed circuit board, electrical circuitry connected to the printed circuit board, a motion sensitive switch connected to the printed circuit board, electrical output devices such as light emitting diodes connected to the printed circuit board and electrical circuits all providing means whereby the motion sensitive switch causes a signal to be transmitted to the output device when movement is sensed by the switch. The device is small enough to be used in wearing apparel and can provide safety vis-à-vis increased visibility for the user.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The present invention relates generally to electric circuit apparatus and, more particularly, to motion or shock detecting apparatus in such devices and especially to triggers for novelty items, such as illuminated wearing apparel. 
     2. Description of the Related Art 
     In the field of novelty items, especially as they apply to wearing apparel and footwear, it is sometimes desirable to provide an article of manufacture with illumination and/or sound. Especially in the field of footwear, a shoe may incorporate one or more flashing lights for ornamentation, amusement or safety such as when the user is in proximity to automobile and other traffic. A device installed in such a shoe might incorporate one or more light-emitting diodes, a trigger mechanism, circuitry to both recognize trigger signals and to display varying illumination sequences and a battery for energizing the diode(s). 
     In order to maximize battery life, the diode(s) in the shoe should illuminate only when the user is active, such as when dancing, running, jumping, etc. The diode(s) should not illuminate when the shoe is “at rest”. A shoe is at rest when it is either not being worn or is worn but the user&#39;s feet are inactive (such as when the user is sitting down). Accordingly, such a shoe might incorporate a trigger mechanism and switch to connect the diodes to the battery when pressure is applied or when the shoe is set in motion through impact, acceleration or otherwise. 
     Prior art in this area has developed along two lines: 1) the development of a trigger and circuit switching mechanism and 2) the development of increasingly complicated light displays and illumination patterns. A motivating factor in motion sensor development for apparel, toys and other such items, has been the constant pressure to reduce the costs and complexity of the sensor and switch mechanism. Most such devices include a method of biasing part of a circuit in a position that creates either an open or a closed circuit. Movement causes that piece of the circuit to move away from its biased position, thus closing or opening the circuit based upon the prior position of the device. The change in state from open to closed, or closed to open, triggered the targeted event. 
     The state of earlier prior art technology is demonstrated in U.S. Pat. No. 6,087,951 (the &#39;951 patent), to Ramsden. That technology uses a fixed magnet, a moveable magnet and an activator switch. The moveable magnet is biased such that it rests in contact with the fixed magnet. A pre-defined amount of force caused by movement, is sufficient to caused the moveable magnet to move away from the fixed magnet, sliding towards an activator switch. The moveable magnet pushes the activator switch with sufficient force to trigger the switch. 
     Some of the disadvantages of that type of design are described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,965,855 (the &#39;855 patent), by Tanazawa. According to the &#39;855 patent, the moveable magnet design requires a relatively large amount of force to activate the sensor switch and correspondingly larger equipment to sense the activation of the switch. The &#39;855 patent incorporates a metal ball enclosed in a chamber and surrounded by four parallel electrode pins. The ball is biased by a magnet. Movement breaks the contact between the ball and the magnet and allows the ball to contact two of the electrode pins. Contact between the metal ball and the electrode pins completes a circuit and triggers a change of state signal. The pins are positioned such that contact between any two pins defines upward, downward, right and left movements. 
     The second area of development regards the nature of the light displays. Technology in this area started with the display of a single light and later advanced to display a row of lights, blinking in a defined sequence. This prior art further developed to the point of pseudo-animation by having different scenes portrayed on a film attached to the shoe. A series of lights flash behind the scenes to cause the entirety of the graphical presentation on the shoe to appear animated. 
     Such a shoe incorporates several lights and an automatic circuit for flashing the lights in a desired sequence. One example of such a shoe is found in U.S. Pat. No. 5,457,900. This shoe can flash a fixed message, such as “hi”. Another example is found in U.S. Pat. No. 6,112,437 (the &#39;437 patent), issued to Lovitt, for An Article With Animated Display. This shoe displays light in a sequence that illuminates sequential panels of a film, to show a person running. 
     The combined goal of the two areas of development has been to make a switch device that is smaller, cheaper, has a longer battery life and produces an interesting and novel visual display. The present invention addresses each of these development goals. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     It is an object of the present invention to provide a motion sensitive switch that can be used in apparel, small devices and toys and that is cheaper and better than currently existing motion sensitive switches. It is a related object to provide circuitry to accompany the switch that allows for multiple patterns of random and ordered output. 
     In accordance with these objects and with others which will be described and which will become apparent, an exemplary embodiment of a motion sensitive switch in accordance with the present invention comprises a housing unit that contains, among its basic elements, a motion sensitive switch mechanism, a battery and electrical circuitry. 
     The switch mechanism is contained within a smaller housing unit and comprises a magnet, two electrically conductive contact strips/pins (one being positively charged and the other being negatively charged) and an electrically conductive ball. The pins or contact strips are positioned between the magnet and the ball. The magnetic attraction biases the ball towards the magnet and into contact with the pins. Because the ball is electrically conductive, it completes a circuit between the two pins. Thus, in the biased position, the circuit is closed. 
     On motion, the contact between the pins and the ball is temporarily broken and the ball moves away from the electrically conductive pins. The circuit is broken and a change of state signal is sent to the electrical circuitry. When the ball again makes contact with the contact strips, a second change of state signal is sent. Upon receipt of the second change of state, the electrical circuitry activates the output device. The output device could be based upon illumination, audio output, any other form of electrically stimulated output or a combination of these. When the switch comes to rest, the ball again moves to its biased position, creating a closed circuit that positions the switch to detect a new change of state sequence. 
     In another exemplary embodiment of a motion sensitive switch in accordance with the present invention, the sensor switch does not include a magnet. In this embodiment, the electrically conductive ball is magnetized and the pins are comprised of a Ferro-magnetic, electrically conductive material. The ball is therefore attracted to the pins. In its biased position, the ball is at rest against the pins. On motion, the magnetic attraction and the circuit are temporarily broken. On returning to the biased position, the circuit is re-established and the change of state triggers the output device. 
     It is an advantage of the present invention that the motion sensitive switch contains fewer components than prior art. It is therefore less expensive and provides less opportunity for functional failure. This invention therefore provides a means by which a motion sensor switch can be more economically placed in wearing apparel, shoes and small devices. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     For a further understanding of the objects and advantages of the present invention, reference should be had to the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawing, in which like parts are given like reference numbers and wherein: 
     FIG. 1 is a top elevation of one embodiment of the printed circuit board showing the motion sensor switch, the battery housing, the circuits and the connectors to outside electrical devices; 
     FIG. 2 is a cut away elevation of the motion sensor switch housing showing the motion sensor switch, the battery housing, the circuits and the connectors to outside electrical devices; 
     FIG. 3 is a perspective of the motion sensor switch with the electrically conductive pins extending outside of the housing and connected to the PC Board; 
     FIG. 4 is an exploded view of the motion sensor switch with a magnet; and 
     FIG. 5 is an exploded view of the motion sensor switch without a magent. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     A novel motion sensitive switch and electrical circuitry are described. In the following description, for the purposes of explanation, specific component arrangements and constructions and other details are set forth in order to provide a more thorough understanding of the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art, however, that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well known manufacturing methods and structures have not been described in detail so as to refrain from obscuring the present invention unnecessarily. 
     Referring first to FIG. 1, the invention comprises several basic components including a motion sensor switch housing  10 , a power source  30 , electrical circuitry generally printed on a circuit board  36  and output device(s)  50  that generally comprise one or more illumination devices such as light emitting diodes. Additionally, the motion sensor switch housing  10 , power source  30  and electrical circuitry generally printed on a circuit board  36  are positioned such that they are hidden from view, such as within the sole of a shoe, while the output device  50  is located such that the output is observable on the outside surface of the shoe. 
     Referring next to FIG. 2, which illustrates in cut-away elevation a preferred embodiment of a motion sensitive switch in accordance with the present invention shown generally by the reference number  10 . In FIG. 2, the circuit is in a closed position, with a moveable object having an electrically conductive surface and a magnetically attractable portion, generically referred to herein as an electrically conductive ball  20 , resting against two electrically conductive members (pins) supported in said housing  16 ,  18 . Referring also to FIG. 4, an exploded view of the motion sensor switch  10  is shown. 
     The motion sensor switch  10  is contained within an electrically non-conductive housing unit  12 . The switch  10  includes a positively charged electrically conductive pin  16 , a negatively charged electrically conductive pin  18 , an electrically conductive ball  20  and a magnet  24 . The pins  16 ,  18  are connected to the circuit in such a manner that contact by the ball  20  concurrently with both pins  16 ,  18  forms a closed circuit. The magnet is positioned within the chamber so that it attracts the ball  20  towards and in contact with the pins  16 ,  18  when the device is inactive. 
     In one embodiment of the invention, the housing  12  is essentially cylindrical in shape, having a top surface  26  and an opposing bottom surface  28 . When assembled, the magnet  24  is positioned within the housing  12  against the top surface  26 . Two electrically conductive pins  16 ,  18  are positioned adjacent to the magnet  24  and between the magnet  24  and the bottom surface  28 . Pins  16 ,  18  are positioned close enough together such that the ball  20  is not allowed to pass between the pins  16 ,  18  and is therefore not allowed to directly contact the magnet  24 . The ball  20  is moveably positioned between the two pins  16 ,  18  and the bottom surface  28 . 
     The height of the housing  12  is roughly equivalent to, but slightly greater than, the combined heights of the ball  20 , the pins  16 ,  18  and the magnet  24 . Thus, there is sufficient space between the pins  16 ,  18  and the magnet  24  such that the pins  16 ,  18  and the magnet  24  are not in contact with each other. Additionally, there is sufficient additional space between the pins  16 ,  18  and the bottom surface  28  such that when the ball  20  is in contact with the bottom surface  28 , the ball  20  is not in contact with the pins  16 ,  18 . 
     When the device  10  is at rest, the ball  20  is biased towards the magnet  24  and rests against the pins  16 ,  18 . When the ball is in this position, the circuit is closed. When the device  10  moves, the motion produces sufficient force to break the magnetic bond between the ball  20  and the magnet  24 , allowing the ball  20  to momentarily move freely within the housing unit  12 . While the ball  20  is not in contact with the pins  16 ,  18 , the circuit is open. 
     Referring next to FIG. 3, the two pins  16 ,  18  extend beyond the wall of the motion sensor housing  12  and are connected to the remaining electronic circuitry. To prevent movement, the pins  16 ,  18  rest in notches in the housing  12  when the switch  10  is fully assembled. 
     Referring next to FIG. 5, another embodiment of the motion sensitive switch  10  is shown. In this embodiment, the electrically conductive ball  20  is magnetized and is therefore attracted to the Ferro-magnetic, electrically conductive pins  16  and  18 . In its biased position, the ball  20  is at rest against the pins,  16  and  18 . On motion, the magnetic attraction of the ball  20  and the circuit are temporarily broken. On returning to the biased position, the circuit is re-established and the change of state, as described above, triggers the output device. This alternative embodiment is capable of carrying out its intended function of breaking and re-making the circuit in the absence of a separate magnet  24 . 
     Another major component of the invention is the electrical circuitry, generally placed on a printed circuit board. Referring also back to FIG. 1, the sensor switch housing is coupled to a printed circuit board  30 . Also coupled to the printed circuit board  30  are a small battery  30 , a microprocessor  46 , memory, circuits  32  and connectors  34  for wiring to lights and/or other electrical devices. The change from closed to open causes a state change within the electrical circuitry. A second state change occurs when the ball  20  re-establishes contact with the pins  16 ,  18 . The second state change causes a trigger signal to be sent to an output device  50 . In the preferred embodiment, the output device  50  produces lights and/or sounds. In the case where the output device  50  comprises a series of lights, the trigger signal consisting of the two state changes closely timed together, causes the lights connected to the circuitry to illuminate. 
     The illumination pattern used in the preferred embodiment is an initial illumination pattern sequence followed by a second illumination pattern sequence. Starting from the end of the initial trigger cycle and within the defined “delay” period of two seconds, if any additional trigger signal is detected, the LED  50  will continue it&#39;s flashing sequence. When no additional trigger signals are present after the two second “delay” period , the microprocessor selects a random “end-cycle” pattern of either 1 or 2 additional flashing sequences (end-cycles) and return to stand-by mode until a new trigger occurs. This end cycle consists of two different flash duration&#39;s for the purpose of extending battery life: (i) one complete cycle (80% probability) or (ii) two complete cycles (20% probability). 
     In the preferred embodiment, the microprocessor  46  begins lighting the first LED  50  in response to a triggering event. The LEDs  50  illuminate in sequence, in a “lighting cycle,” beginning with the LED  50  at one end of the strip and ending with the LED  50  at the opposite end. Each LED  50  turns off in sequence before the next LED  50  turns on. When the last LED  50  is turned off it creates the “end of the lighting cycle.” If the triggering event still exists at the end of the cycle, the microprocessor  46  causes the beginning of another lighting cycle. If no triggering event exists at the end of the cycle, the microprocessor  46  selects and performs an “end cycle.” The number of end cycles is selected according to a random process (done by the microprocessor  46 ) from the number {1, 2, or 3}, so that one, two, or three complete end cycles follow. Lighting stops at the end of the final end cycle. 
     In the preferred embodiment, several different flashing sequences are programmed into the electronic circuitry. The table below, identifies the flashing sequence of the preferred embodiment. The illumination pattern used in the preferred embodiment is a pre-defined initial signal sequence followed by a pre-defined sequential signal sequence followed by a randomly selected closing signal sequence. Only the last “randomly selected closing signal” was incorporated into the circuit design. However, it should be noted that the invention is not limited to these specific lighting sequences. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
               
                 REF NO. 
                 LED&#39;s 
                 SEQUENCE 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 RS3627B-5R- 
                 5 
                 1&amp;5&gt;2&amp;4&gt;3&gt;2&amp;4&gt;1&amp;5&gt;2&amp;4&gt;3&gt;2&amp;4&gt;1&amp;5 
               
               
                 066-00A 
                   
                 (end 9-flashes) &gt; random end cycle 
               
               
                 RS3627B-5R- 
                 5 
                 1&gt;2&gt;3&gt;4&gt;5&gt;4&gt;3&gt;2&gt;1&gt;2&gt;3&gt;4&gt;5 
               
               
                 066-00B 
                   
                 (end 13-flashes) &gt; random end cycle 
               
               
                 RS3627B-3R- 
                 3 
                 1&gt;2&gt;3&gt;2&gt;1&gt;2&gt;3&gt;2&gt;1 
               
               
                 066-00C 
                   
                 (end 9-flashes) &gt; random end cycle 
               
               
                 RS3627B- 
                 6 
                 1&gt;2&gt;3&gt;4&gt;5&gt;6&gt;1&gt;2&gt;3&gt;4&gt;5&gt;6&gt;1&gt;2&gt;3&gt;4&gt;5&gt;6 
               
               
                 3R3G-066-00D 
                   
                 (end 18-flashes) &gt; random end cycle 
               
               
                 RS3627-7R- 
                 7 
                 1&gt;2&gt;3&gt;4&gt;5&gt;6&gt;7 
               
               
                 200-00E 
                   
                 (end 7-flashes) &gt; random end cycle 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     As noted above, the end cycle is randomly chosen from one of two different selections. The end cycle consists of two different flash duration&#39;s of either one or two complete cycles. In an embodiment where the output device(s)  50  consist of audio devices, the trigger signal causes a series of sounds to be emitted instead of illuminated LED output. 
     Now referring also to FIGS. 1 and 2, in the biased position, the metallic ball  20  will remain contacted against the pins  16  and  18 . A trigger event occurs when the ball  20  moves away from and then re-contacts pins  16  and  18 . The momentary break in continuity and the re-contact of the pins  16  and  18  forms the trigger cycle that the microprocessor  46  accepts in order to start the LED  50  flashing sequence. Each trigger cycle is considered to be “one-shot” or non-re-occurring. When the trigger cycle is completed and output is sent from the microprocessor  46 , the LED&#39;s  50  will then begin to flash. To prevent the microprocessor  46  from processing multiple trigger inputs, any trigger input received between the “start” and “end” of a flash sequence is disregarded. After the end of a flash sequence, a “delay” period (defined in one embodiment to be between 0.02 and 2.0 seconds) will occur before the device will accept any new trigger inputs to start another flash sequence. If no trigger is received, microprocessor  46  will select a random end cycle to flash. During the end cycle, any trigger inputs are disregarded until the cycle is completed. 
     Upon triggering, the LEDs  50  will flash for a single cycle sequence. Starting from the end of the initial trigger cycle and within the defined “delay” period of two seconds, if any additional trigger signal is detected, the LED  50  will continue its flashing sequence. When no additional trigger signals are present after the “delay” period, the microprocessor  46  will then select a random “end-cycle” pattern of 1 or 2 additional flashing sequences and return to stand-by mode until a new trigger occurs. 
     The type of power source used in the preferred embodiment is a small battery. The exact type of battery is not significant to the invention except that it should be small enough to conveniently fit into the item to which the invention is attached. The type of electrical circuitry capable of functioning in the manner described is readily available and familiar to those in the industry. 
     While the foregoing detailed description has described several embodiments of a motion sensitive switch in accordance with the present invention, the above description is illustrative only and not limiting of the disclosed invention. Indeed, it will be appreciated that the embodiments discussed above and the virtually infinite embodiments that are not mentioned could easily be within the scope and spirit of the present invention. Thus, the present invention is limited only by the claims set forth below.