Abstract:
The invention relates to a fastening device for installing a hatrack on a substructure of a means of locomotion, wherein the fastening device comprises a pre-locking device and a main locking device. In this arrangement the pre-locking device is designed for automatic provisional affixation of the hatrack to the fastening device when the hatrack during an installation movement of the hatrack is moved in the direction to the fastening device. The main locking device is designed for final affixation of the hatrack to the fastening device.

Description:
This application claims the benefit of the filing date of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/192,922 filed Sep. 23, 2008, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The invention relates to the installation of hatracks in a means of locomotion. In particular, the invention relates to a fastening device for installing a hatrack on a substructure of a means of locomotion, to a hatrack comprising a fastening device, to an aircraft comprising a hatrack, to the use of a fastening device in an aircraft, to a method for installing a hatrack to a fastening device, and to a method for deinstalling a hatrack from a fastening device. 
     In present-day means of locomotion, for example in aircraft, omnibuses, rail vehicles or ships, hatracks are installed near ceilings of, for example, passenger cabins, which hatracks provide a means of storing items of baggage. These hatracks can mostly be closed by means of a flap so as to prevent these items of baggage or other objects held in the hatracks from falling from the hatrack, especially when the means of locomotion is in operation. 
     Such hatracks are suitable for carrying considerable loads. The resulting considerable static forces and the considerable dynamic forces caused in operation are in the most direct possible way introduced to a structure that is suitable for this, for example frame elements and/or stringers of an aircraft fuselage. Furthermore, it can be possible to introduce these forces into a substructure, for example because the substructure provides more suitable attachment options for receiving the hatracks, wherein the substructure then in turn, as a rule, is directly connected to the frame elements and/or stringers. 
     In order to attach the hatracks to the respective structures or substructures, the hatracks are mostly suspended from these structures either by means of screw-type connections or, as is common in aircraft construction, by means of so-called tie rods. Because technical operating equipment, for example cables or switches, can be located behind the hatracks, these hatracks are attached in a deinstallable manner. 
     However, it has been shown that the installation and also the deinstallation of such hatracks can be time-consuming and labour-intensive. At least in aircraft construction, as a rule at least one first installer needs to position the hatrack to be installed, and at least one second installer needs to connect the hatrack by means of suitable connection materials to the corresponding structure or substructure. Thus, as a rule, at least two technicians are required to carry out the installation. 
     Thus DE 10 2005 054 890 A1, which is also published as WO 2007/057191 A1, describes an attachment structure for fixing internal equipment components in a passenger cabin of an aircraft fuselage structure, which among other things is formed by frame elements that are arranged so as to be spaced apart from each other in longitudinal direction of the aircraft fuselage. DE 10 2006 016 509 A1, which has also been published as US 2007/0284479 A1, in turn describes a quick-release fastening system for mounting an element to a fastening structure. 
     BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Accordingly, it is the object of the invention to state a simple and preferably detachable attachment of a hatrack to a structure or substructure, which attachment can preferably be carried out by means of only one installer. 
     According to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, a fastening device for installing a hatrack to a substructure of a means of locomotion comprises a pre-locking device and a main locking device. In this arrangement, the pre-locking device is designed for automatic provisional affixation of the hatrack to the fastening device when the hatrack during an installation movement of the hatrack is moved in the direction of the fastening device. The main locking device is designed for final affixation of the hatrack to the fastening device. 
     As a rule, the hatrack is an overhead bin that can preferably be closed by means of a hinged cover or a flap. 
     By means of this arrangement, installation of the hatrack by only one technician is possible. In a first work step the technician moves the hatrack so that it engages the pre-locking device. From this point in time onwards the technician&#39;s hands are free because the hatrack is provisionally affixed so that in a second work step said technician can finally affix the hatrack, by means of the main locking device, to the fastening device or to the substructure. 
     In addition, this arrangement ensures that deinstallation of the hatrack is also possible by means of only one technician. In this process the technician disengages the main locking device at the fastening device so that the hatrack is then only held by the pre-locking device. In the next work step the technician releases the pre-locking device and removes the hatrack from the fastening device. 
     According to a further exemplary embodiment of the invention, the fastening device is provided for snap-and-click installation of the hatrack to the substructure of the means of locomotion. The fastening device comprises a fork head with a fork that is formed by two limbs, wherein each limb comprises an opening. Furthermore, the fastening device comprises a main bolt that constitutes the main locking device and that is movable, along its longitudinal direction of extension, between a locked position and an unlocked position, wherein the main bolt in the locked position is held in the openings of both limbs, and in the unlocked position is held only in the opening of one of the limbs. Furthermore, the fastening device comprises an eye that is designed such that in an installed state it can be received between the two limbs of the fork head, wherein the main bolt in the locked position engages the eye in such a way that the eye is connected to the fork head, and wherein the main bolt in the unlocked position completely releases the eye. Finally, the fastening device comprises a pre-locking device with a pressure member, or a thrust piece, wherein the pre-locking device on at least one of the limbs of the fork head is designed and arranged in such a way that the pressure member can be dislocated between a locking position and a release position and that when the main bolt is in the unlocked position and the pressure member is in the locking position, the eye rests in a pre-locking position on the pressure member, and that when the main bolt is in the unlocked position and the pressure member is in the release position the eye is completely released. 
     A main aspect of the invention can be considered to be based on the following idea: 
     The invention can bring about a situation in which a hatrack in an aircraft can be installed and deinstalled in a simpler manner, i.e. as already mentioned above, preferably by means of only one technician. To this effect a fastening device is proposed by means of which a storage bin can be installed in a snap-and-click manner to a retaining structure on a vehicle, wherein the hatrack can at first snap or click into a so-called pre-locking position in which said hatrack in its only lightly loaded state, for example empty state, is held to the retaining structure, and subsequently a main bolt can be slid into place, which main bolt can cause the actual force transmission to the retaining structure also in the heavily loaded state. Such a fastening device arrangement is at times also referred to as a snap-and-click fastening device arrangement. 
     As a rule, the hatrack is attached to the structure or the substructure by means of four fastening devices. It is of no consequence whether it is the eye or the fork head that is attached to the hatrack, with the appropriate counter-part being attached to the structure. The advantages resulting from the fastening device according to the invention are to be explained with reference to installation and deinstallation, wherein the explanation is based on the fork head being attached to the structure, and the eye being attached to the hatrack. 
     For installation of one of the hatracks the main bolt rests in the unlocked position thus releasing the entire width between the two limbs of the fork head. The pre-locking device is in the locking position so that the pressure member projects into the fork of the fork head. When the eye is led into the fork, the eye dislocates the pressure member at least to near the release position and reaches the locking position for the first time when an opening that is located in the eye reaches the pressure member, and for the second time when the eye has been moved completely beyond the pressure member. In this so-called pre-locking position the eye, or the hatrack attached to said eye, rests on or is held on the pressure member. This procedure is carried out on all the fastening devices. It may depend on the installation situation as to whether in a first installation step the eye on all the fastening devices is at first only inserted to such an extent that the pressure member of the pre-locking device moves into the opening of the eyes, thus securing the hatrack in this position, and in a second work step the hatrack is then guided on all the fastening devices right to the pre-locking position, or whether the hatrack on all the fastening devices by means of a single installation step is moved right to the pre-locking position. After the hatrack has reached the pre-locking position, the main bolt, which is in the unlocked position, is moved through the opening of the eye, which opening is now in front of the main bolt, and through the opening of the second limb into its locked position. This installation step ends the installation procedure. The main bolt, which is more strongly dimensioned when compared to the pressure member, takes up the static and dynamic forces that act on the hatrack during operation, and introduces said forces to the substructure by way of the fork head. In this arrangement, the substructure can be connected to the primary structure of the vehicle, either so as to be fixed or by means of tie rods. 
     Reconfiguration, for example, of a passenger cabin in an aircraft, or carrying out repair and maintenance work may necessitate deinstallation of the at least one hatrack. 
     In order to deinstall one of the hatracks, first the main bolt is moved from its locked position to the unlocked position. In the unlocked position the main bolt completely releases the eye. The eye then rests on the pressure member of the pre-locking device that is in the locking position. By moving the pressure member from the locking position to the release position, here again the eye is completely released. After this unlocking process has been completed, the eye can be removed from the fork of the fork head. After this deinstallation step has been carried out on all the fastening devices, the hatrack is no longer connected to the structure. This deinstallation step completes deinstallation of the hatrack. 
     According to a further exemplary embodiment of the invention, on one end of the pressure member of the pre-locking device that is arranged on the fastening device, an inclined surface has been formed. In this arrangement the inclined surface has been designed in such a way that when the pre-locking device is in the locking position, the inclined surface makes it possible to slide the eye into the fork of the fork head while at the same time preventing withdrawal of the eye from the fork. Thus when the eye is pushed into the fork of the fork head, the pressure member is dislocated from its locking position at least to near the release position. The inclined surface thus points in the direction of slide-in of the eye. In order to ensure the function of the pressure member with the inclined surface, the pressure member can be arranged so that it is nonrotational relative to the fork of the fork head. 
     According to a further exemplary embodiment of the invention, the pressure member of the pre-locking device that is arranged on the fastening device can be locked in the release position. This ensures that during deinstallation of the hatrack, when the main bolt is in the unlocked position and the eye is threaded from the fork of the fork head, the eye does not encounter any projections with which it can become wedged. 
     According to a further exemplary embodiment of the invention, when the eye is in the pre-locking position, as a result of dislocation of the main bolt from the unlocked position through the eye and into the locked position, relief between the pressure member and the eye takes place. Thus the pre-locking device can be more lightly built when compared to the main bolt, because during installation or deinstallation the pre-locking device only needs to carry the weight of the empty hatrack, as a rule without dynamic effects, and ideally is only arranged on one of the two forks. In the locked position the main bolt is supported by both forks of the fork head. As a rule, all the static forces that act on the hatrack, in other words both the intrinsic weight of the hatrack and the additional load or payload, and the forces that dynamically act on the hatrack including the additional load, are introduced into the structure through the main bolt and the fork by way of the fork head. 
     According to a further exemplary embodiment of the invention, the pressure member of the pre-locking device is pre-tensioned in the direction of the locking position. Thus, in order to move the pressure member from the locking position to the release position, the pressure member is dislocated against the direction of pre-tension. Thus when the eye during installation of the hatrack is guided into the fork of the fork head, the pressure member, as a result of its inclined surface, while generating an additional force at the eye, is pushed back against this direction of pre-tension. In a counter move, if no force acts on the inclined surface, as a result of pre-tension which as a rule is exerted by a spring, the pressure member is pushed into its locking position. Thus it can be ensured that the pressure member, when it is not in the release position, is in the locking position rather than taking up some undetermined intermediate position. Thus in particular during deinstallation of the hatrack, when the main bolt has been dislocated to the unlocked position, it can be ensured that the eye and the pre-locking position engage each other in such a way that unintended detachment of the eye and thus of the hatrack from the pre-locking position is impossible. 
     According to a further exemplary embodiment of the invention, at least one of the facing interior walls of the limbs of the fork of the fork head comprises a groove in such a way that during installation the eye is guided by the groove into the pre-locking position. This ensures that the eye is inevitably guided into its pre-locking position. 
     Advantageously both interior walls comprise grooves so that the eye is guided both on its front and on its rear. Double-sided guidance of the eye can ensure that in the pre-locking position both the front and the rear opening of the eye come to rest above the openings of the fork. This makes it easier, when the eye has reached the pre-locking position, to dislocate the main bolt from its unlocked position through the opening of the eye into its locked position. 
     According to a further exemplary embodiment of the invention, at least one of the grooves comprises insertion aids. They can be arranged in such a way that in the region that first establishes contact with the eye the groove is inclined across the direction of insertion. This incline can considerably facilitate insertion of the eye into the groove since the eye is then quasi-caught by the insertion aid and guided to its final pre-locking position. There is thus largely no need to thread the eye into the groove. 
     In a further exemplary embodiment of the invention, the limb of the fork of the fork head on which the pre-locking device is arranged comprises a main-bolt securing device that is dislocatable between an engaged position and a disengaged position, which main-bolt securing device, when the main-bolt securing device is in the engaged position secures the main bolt at least in either the locked position or the unlocked position. In this way it can be ensured that the main bolt, when it is thus subjected to loads by the hatrack with any additional items of baggage, remains in the locked position rather than, during operation, for example due to any vibration, independently moves in the direction of the unlocked position. 
     Securing the retaining bolt in the unlocked position also ensures that when in addition the pre-locking device is in the release position, the eye can be freely moved within the fork. This can be useful so that when the hatrack or the eye, for example due to twisting or warping, cannot be released from the fork of the fork head, the technician who carries out deinstallation will know that s/he may apply more force to release the hatrack, without having to expect damage to the hatrack and/or to the fastener as a result of a projecting main bolt. 
     In the engaged position the main-bolt securing device is pushed against the external contour of the main bolt, for example by a spring. In the disengaged position the main-bolt securing device completely releases the main bolt. 
     According to a further exemplary embodiment of the invention, the main bolt comprises a flat part which the main-bolt securing device engages when the main bolt is in the locked position and the main-bolt securing device is in the engaged position, and wherein the main-bolt securing device being released as a result of the main bolt being rotated. This way of securing the main bolt ensures that by means of a rotational movement the main bolt can be dislocated from a secure position to a released position and from there to the unlocked position. In order to be able to carry out the rotary movement a securing device installed on the main bolt, which securing device can for example be a push button that is radially affixed to the main bolt in radial direction and that is resilient, is dislocated by the technician. When the main bolt is in the locked position the push button possibly snaps into an opening or into a groove of a sleeve that can be firmly connected to the limb of the fork of the fork head, which limb receives the pre-locking device, in order to, in the non-operated position, stop said rotary movement. This rotary movement and the subsequent pulling movement can be carried out with one hand; there is no need to use the second hand as well. Thus, in cases where deinstallation of the hatrack is carried out by only one technician, the hatrack can be supported with the second hand, for example in order to facilitate movement of the main bolt from the locked position to the unlocked position. 
     Advantageously, one end of the main bolt is shaped in such a way that when the main-bolt securing device is in the engaged position the main-bolt securing device prevents dislocation of the main bolt beyond the unlocked position. This can substantially facilitate finding the unlocked position of the main bolt. The technician tasked with deinstalling the hatrack can dislocate the main bolt from the locked direction to the unlocked position until the main bolt can no longer be dislocated. The technician thus knows that when blocking of the main bolt during dislocation occurs the main bolt has reached the unlocked position. 
     In order to be able to remove the main bolt, for example for service purposes, it is possible, for example, by means of an operating tool that is affixed to the main-bolt securing device, to dislocate the main-bolt securing device with one hand to the disengaged position in order to, with the other hand, dislocate the main bolt beyond the unlocked position. 
     According to a further exemplary embodiment of the invention, the pre-locking device and the main bolt are to be dislocated in the same direction in order to reach the release position or unlocked position. Thus the technician charged with deinstalling the hatrack can operate from one side both the main bolt and the pre-locking device. This can make it considerably easier for the technician to carry out the work. 
     According to a further exemplary embodiment of the invention, the fork head is connected to a base body that is firmly connected to the substructure in such a way that the fork head can be dislocated relative to the base body. Thus, for example, the various fork heads that are to be arranged on a common hatrack can be adjusted to any spacing that exists between the eyes that are firmly connected to the hatrack. In this way it is possible, for example, to compensate for production tolerances or to correct gap dimensions between the individual adjacent hatracks. Depending on the requirements and arrangement, dislocation can be carried out in the longitudinal- and/or transverse direction of extension of the hatrack. For dislocation in the longitudinal- and transverse direction of extension, the fork head can, for example, be connected to a cross adjustment device that comprises two adjustment devices with advantages as described in the following paragraphs. 
     According to a further exemplary embodiment of the invention, the fastening device furthermore comprises two limbs that at least in partial regions are parallel, which limbs are connected to one side of the base body, wherein each limb comprises an opening, and wherein the two openings are aligned. Furthermore, the fastening device comprises an arbor that is rotatably held in the two openings. In addition there is a bush, between the limbs, with an external thread, wherein the bush is firmly connected to the arbor, and the bush is rotatable between the limbs without there being any play. The fork head comprises an internal thread such that the internal thread of the fork head engages the external thread of the bush. Furthermore, the fork head is designed such that by rotating the arbor the fork head can be dislocated between the limbs along the arbor. The connection between the arbor and the bush can, for example, take place by way of a clamping sleeve or a grooved pin. The hole that is required to accommodate the connection element can extend across the direction of longitudinal extension of the arbor. 
     If a hatrack, is attached with, for example, three or four fastening devices to the substructure, possibly only two fastening devices are designed in the form described above. The remaining fastening device or fastening devices can be designed in such a way that the fork head can slide on the arbor between the limbs wherein the arbor being disconnectably connected to the limbs of the base body. This arrangement is, for example, achievable in that the fork head comprises a through-hole instead of an internal thread. Thus during installation of the hatrack the fork head of this fastening device adjusts the actual distance of the eyes attached to the hatrack. As a result of this the hatrack can on the one hand be installed without any tension, and on the other hand as a result of this arrangement, for example, any changes in length that occur during operation as a result of temperature differences or distortion can automatically be compensated for. 
     According to a further exemplary embodiment of the invention, the arbor comprises two ends, wherein on one end a tool holding fixture and on the other end there is a blocking device that prevents independent rotation of the arbor. Thus, independent rotation of the arbor, after positioning of the fork head by rotating said arbor, during operation, for example as a result of vibration, is prevented. 
     The tool holding fixture can, for example, be designed as a hexagonal head. 
     The blocking device is, for example, designed as a spur-toothed gearwheel which is butt-joined to one end of the arbor, wherein a pre-tensioned pressure member protrudes between the teeth. During rotation of the arbor or of the gearwheel this pressure member is forced back against its direction of pre-tension, by a tooth face, and after overcoming the tooth presses between the adjacent pair of teeth due to pre-tension. The blocking device can also be designed in such a way that instead of a gearwheel, the edge of the arbor comprises, for example, knurling or a cylinder with radial holes, in which the pressure member engages the holes and in this way secures the selected setting of the fork head. 
     According to a further exemplary embodiment of the invention, the fork head and the base body are designed so as to engage each other in such a way that forces from the fork head can be transferred to the base body. This ensures that rotary forces around the arbor do not result in the fork head rotating relative to the base body. On the one hand such forces can occur during the adjustment procedure during which the fork head is adjusted relative to the base body. On the other hand such forces can occur during operation while longitudinal forces and/or transverse forces acting on the hatrack manifest themselves in the above-mentioned torsional forces. These torsional forces can, for example, be introduced in the base body in that the fork head comprises a U-shape that extends along the internal thread and that is open in the direction of the base body, wherein the base body is located between the limbs that form the U-shape. Thus, during adjustment, the fork head is guided, by the U-shape, relative to the base body, by the arbor across the direction of extension of the arbor. 
     According to a further exemplary embodiment of the invention, a hatrack is stated that comprises a fastening device as described above. 
     According to a further exemplary embodiment of the invention, an aircraft with a hatrack described above is stated. 
     According to a further exemplary embodiment of the invention, the fastening device according to the invention is used in an aircraft. 
     All the characteristics that are described above and below in relation to the functional characteristics of the fastening device can also be implemented in the installation method and in the deinstallation method and vice versa. 
     According to a further exemplary embodiment of the invention, a method for installation of a hatrack on a fastening device is provided. This method comprises movement of the hatrack in the direction of the fastening device, automatic provisional affixation of the hatrack by means of a pre-locking device, and final affixation of the hatrack by means of a main locking device. 
     According to a further exemplary embodiment of the invention, a method for deinstalling a hatrack from a fastening device is stated. This method comprises releasing a main locking device, dislocating the hatrack from a final affixation position to a provisional affixation position, undoing the pre-locking device, and removing the hatrack from the fastening device. 
     Further details and advantages of the invention are provided in the subordinate claims in conjunction with the description of an exemplary embodiment that is explained in detail with reference to the drawings. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  shows a three-dimensional view of a fastening device according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention between a hatrack and a substructure; 
         FIG. 2  shows an enlarged view of the fastening device from  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 3  shows a three-dimensional view of the fastening device from  FIG. 1  without the hatrack; 
         FIG. 4  shows a three-dimensional view of the main bolt of a fastening device according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 5  shows a three-dimensional view of a pre-locking device of a fastening device according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 6  shows a dislocation arrangement of a fastening device according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention for dislocating a fork head relative to a base body; 
         FIG. 7  shows a blocking device of an arbor of the dislocation arrangement shown in  FIG. 6 ; and 
         FIG. 8  shows the fastening device from  FIG. 3  with an attachment part of the hatrack. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     It should be mentioned that identical components in the figures have the same reference characters and that the drawings are only diagrammatic and not necessarily to scale. 
       FIG. 1  shows a fastening device  2  between a hatrack  4  and a substructure  6  that is formed by a U-shaped profile. The substructure  6  is connected to a primary structure by means of tie rods  8 , with the primary structure in the present example being formed by frame elements  10  of an aircraft. 
       FIG. 2  shows an enlarged view of the fastening device  2  from  FIG. 1 . The fastening device  2  in its principle constituents comprises an attachment plate  12  that is connected to the hatrack  4 , with a web  14  being formed to the attachment plate  12 , which attachment plate  12  in the centre receives an eye  16 . The eye  16  is located between a left-hand limb  18  and a right-hand limb  20 , which together form a fork  22 . The fork  22  forms part of a fork head  24 . In the installed state the hatrack  4  is held by a main bolt  26  that detachably attaches the eye  16  between the two limbs  18 ,  20 . By means of an arbor  28  the fork head  24  is connected to a base body  30 . The base body  30  in turn, by means of connection elements (not shown) is attached to the substructure  6 . 
       FIG. 3  shows the fastening device  2  in the installed position without the hatrack  4  and without the eye  16  that engages the region between the two limbs  18 ,  20 . The main bolt  26  is in a locked position. In this arrangement the main bolt  26  is held both in a transverse hole  32  of the left-hand limb  18  and of the right-hand limb  20 . The interior walls  34 ,  36  of the two limbs  18 ,  20  each comprise a rectangular groove  38  that is open in the direction of insertion E. The rectangular groove  38  comprises a groove bottom  40  that is delimited by a groove wall  42 , which groove bottom  40  extends parallel to the interior wall  34 ,  36 . Furthermore, the groove  38 , at its edge  44  facing the direction of insertion E, comprises an insertion aid  46 . The insertion aid  46  comprises an inclined insertion surface  48  by means of which the depth of the groove  38  is increased relative to the interior wall  34 ,  36 , as well as an inclined insertion surface  50  that increases the space between the groove walls  42  that face each other in a limb  18 ,  20  and the edge  44 . 
     In the right-hand limb  20 , furthermore, there is a main-bolt securing device  52  which pushes onto a flat part  54  of the main bolt  26 . The pre-tension with which the main-bolt securing device  52  pushes onto the main bolt  26  is adjustable. Furthermore, in the right-hand limb  20  there is a pre-locking device  56 . This pre-locking device  56  is arranged in the right-hand limb  20  in such a way that the directions of longitudinal extension of the main bolt  26  and of the pre-locking device  56  extend parallel. Furthermore, the pre-locking device  56  is located below the main bolt  26  when viewed in the direction of insertion E. 
     On the side facing the direction of insertion E the base body  30  comprises two limbs  58  that extend parallel to each other. Each limb  58  comprises a transverse hole  60  whose position is flush relative to each other. In the two transverse holes  60  the arbor  28  is rotatably held. At one end the arbor  28  comprises a hexagonal head  62  to receive an operating tool, for example a matching hexagonal spanner or wrench. On the other end of the arbor  28  a blocking device  64  is arranged. This comprises a spur-toothed gearwheel  66  that is firmly butt-joined to the arbor  28  and further comprises a locking element  68  that in a pre-tensioned manner projects between two adjacent teeth of the gearwheel  66 . 
       FIG. 4  shows the main bolt  26  of the fastening device  2  in the locked position. In this arrangement there is an operating knob  70  on the end of the main bolt  26 , which end faces the right-hand limb  20 . The end opposite the operating knob  70  shows a circumferential groove  72  in the main bolt  26 . When viewed from the direction of the operating knob  70 , there is a projection  74  behind the groove  72 , which projection  74  is firmly connected to the main bolt  26 . Behind the projection  74  a cone  76  is arranged. Furthermore, a sleeve  120  is firmly connected to the right-hand limb  20 , which sleeve  120  extends in the direction of longitudinal extension of the main bolt  26  in the direction of the operating knob  70 . Crossing the insertion direction E, in the sleeve  120  there is an opening  122  in the form of a groove. A sprung push button  124  projects into this groove  122 , which push button  124  is firmly connected to the main bolt  26 . In addition, an operating device  126  is formed to the main-bolt securing device  52 . By means of the operating device  126  the main-bolt securing device  52 , which is in an engaged position, can be dislocated to a disengaged position, without it being possible for the main-bolt securing device  52  to be affixed in this disengaged position. 
     When the main bolt  26  is dislocated from its locked position to its unlocked position, to this effect one hand pushes the push button  124  against the spring force into the main bolt  26  until the push button  124  no longer engages the opening  122 . Subsequently the same hand rotates the operating knob  70  of the main bolt  26  until the main securing bolt  52  no longer engages the flat part  54 . In this rotated position the main bolt  26  can be dislocated to the unlocked position. In the unlocked position the main securing bolt  52  engages the groove  72 , and in this position secures the main bolt  26 . Further withdrawal of the main bolt  26  leads to the main-bolt securing device  52  running against the projection  76  which then prevents the main bolt from being able to be pulled out any further from the right-hand limb  20 . When the main bolt  26  is in its unlocked position, the bolt is pulled back far enough for the highest point  78  of the cone  76  to be either flush with the groove bottom  40  of the right-hand limb  20  or to be further back relative to the groove bottom  40 , in the direction of the operating knob  70 . 
     In order to remove the main bolt  26 , the main-bolt securing device  52  is dislocated to the disengaged position by means of the operating device  126 . The main bolt  26  can now be dislocated beyond the unlocked position. 
     To dislocate the main bolt  26  from the unlocked position to the locked position, the main bolt  26  is dislocated until the push button  124  comes to rest in the opening  122  as shown in  FIG. 4 . In this locked position the main-bolt securing device  52  engages the flat part  54 , and engagement of the push button  122  with the opening  124  prevents relative rotation of the main bolt  26  relative to the fork head  24 . Since the position of the push button  124  and thus of the main bolt  26  relative to the limb  20  is visible to the installing technician, said technician can thus also check that the main bolt  26  is secured by the main-bolt securing device  52 . 
     When viewed from the direction of insertion E, underneath the main bolt  26  there is the pre-locking device  56 , which is described in detail in the following figure. 
       FIG. 5  shows the pre-locking device  56  that is located in the right-hand limb  20 . The pre-locking device  56  essentially comprises a sleeve  80  with an elongated hole  82 , a pressure member  84  with an inclined surface  86  and a handle  88  that is firmly connected to the pressure member  84 , as well as a spring  90 . The inclined surface  86  arranged on the pressure member  84  points against direction E. The pressure member  84  is kept in a locking position in that the spring  90  pushes onto the end of the pressure member  84 , which end is opposite the inclined surface  86 , thus keeping said pressure member under pre-tension in the locking position. In order to prevent rotation of the pressure member  84  and thus rotation of the inclined surface  86 , the handle  88  extends in the elongated hole  82 . The elongated hole  82  in turn extends along the direction of longitudinal extension of the sleeve  80  on the side facing direction E. 
     The pressure member  84  can be dislocated to a release position. To this effect the pressure member  84  is dislocated against the spring force F until the foremost point of the inclined surface  86  extends so as to be either flush with the groove bottom  40  or to be further back, relative to the groove bottom  40 , against the direction F. In order to be able to lock the pressure member  84  in the release position, the handle  88  can be inserted into the circumferential groove  92 . 
       FIG. 6  shows a dislocation arrangement for dislocating a fork head  24  relative to a base body  30 . As already mentioned at an earlier point in time, the arbor  28  is held in the transverse holes  60  of the two limbs  58 . Between the limbs  58  a bush  94  is held without any play but in a rotatable manner, through the central hole (not shown) of which bush  94  the arbor  28  extends. On its outside the bush  94  comprises an external thread  96 . The bush  94  is connected to the arbor  28  in such a way that across the direction of longitudinal extension of the arbor  28  there is a transverse hole  98  that is flush with the bush  94 , through which transverse hole  98  a clamping sleeve  100  is installed in such a way that it firmly connects the bush  94  to the arbor  28 , while its ends are further back relative to the thread root  102  of the external thread  96 . In order to install the clamping sleeve  100  there is a correspondingly placed through-opening in the fork head  24 . The external thread  96  engages an internal thread  104  that has been made in the fork head  24 . At its end facing the direction of insertion E the fork head  24  is U-shaped with two limbs  106  whose interior is supported by the base body  30 . 
     By rotation of the arbor  28  on the hexagonal head  62  the bush  94  is rotated, and with it the external thread  96  that has been cut onto the bush  94 . Consequently the internal thread  104  moves with the fork head  24  relative to the external thread  96 . In addition, the fork head  24  is supported, by way of its two limbs  106 , on the base body  30 . These limbs  106  prevent a situation in which torsional forces, which can be generated either during adjustment as a result of possible friction in the thread  96 ,  104  or during operation as a result of longitudinal forces or transverse forces which may be generated by the hatrack  4  (not shown), can lead to rotation of the fork head  24  relative to the base body  30 . 
     To prevent a situation in which the arbor  24  independently rotates during operation, this is effectively prevented by the blocking device  64  described in detail in the next figure. 
       FIG. 7  shows the blocking device  64  that acts on the end of the arbor  24 , which end is opposite the hexagonal head  62 . In this arrangement the spur-toothed gearwheel  66  with its teeth  110  is firmly butt-joined to the edge of the arbor  28 , which edge is opposite the hexagonal head receiver  62 , in such a way that the teeth  110  extend in longitudinal direction of extension of the arbor  28 . The figure further shows the way the locking element  68 , which is pre-tensioned in the direction of the gearwheel  66 , by means of a head  108  that resembles a cone, is pushed between two adjacent teeth  110 , in other words into a tooth space  111 . Each tooth  110  comprises two tooth faces  112  that meet in a tip  114  of the tooth. 
     When the arbor  28  is rotated, the pre-tensioned locking element  68  is dislocated in that the cone  108  is pushed, by the tooth face  112  that engages the cone  108 , against the direction of force G. As soon as the cone  108  has moved over the tip  114  of the tooth the pre-tension device pushes the cone into the adjacent base  111  of the tooth and in this way fixes the gearwheel  66 , and thus the arbor  28 , in this position. 
       FIG. 8  shows the complete fastening device  2 . It corresponds to the illustration from  FIG. 3 , supplemented by the attachment plate  12 , the web  14  that is firmly connected to the attachment plate  12 , and the cylindrical eye  16  that has been formed to the web. In the web  14  there is a ring-shaped groove  116  around the eye  16 . This groove  116  ensures that the pressure member  84  of the pre-locking device  56  can project further in the direction of the left-hand limb  18  than the depth of the groove  38  in the right-hand limb  20 . Thus the overlap between the pressure member  84  of the pre-locking device  56  and the eye  16 , and thus the support area, is increased. 
     In order to install the hatrack  4 ′ (not shown in this figure) the main bolt  26  rests in the unlocked position, thus releasing the entire width between the two limbs  18 ,  20  of the fork  22  of the fork head  24 . The pre-locking device  56  is in the locking position so that the pressure member  84  projects into the fork  22  of the fork head  24 . By inserting the eye  16  in the direction of insertion E into the fork  22 , “catching” of the eye  16  takes place at first by means of the insertion aids  40  formed on the two limbs  18 ,  20 . Subsequently the eye  16  is guided by the insertion aids  40  into the groove  38 . The groove  38  prevents a situation in which the eye  16 , and thus the hatrack  4  finally installed with the eye  16 , can yield laterally, across the direction of insertion E. By sliding the eye  16  further in the direction E, the eye  16  dislocates the pressure member  84  at least to near the release position in that the inclined surface  86  of the pressure member  84  slides away at the eye  16 . The pressure member  84  of the pre-locking device  56  reaches the locking position again for the first time when an opening  118  that is located in the eye  16  reaches the pressure member  84 , and the pressure member is pushed into the opening  118  due to pre-tension. The pressure member  84  of the pre-locking device  56  reaches the locking position for the second time when the eye  16  has been moved completely beyond the pressure member  84  and when the pressure member projects into the groove  116  of the web  14 . In this pre-locking position the eye  16 , or the hatrack  4 , rests on the pressure member  84 . This procedure is carried out on all the fastening devices  2  affixed to a hatrack. It may depend on the installation situation as to whether in a first installation step the eye  16  on all the fastening devices  2  is at first only inserted to such an extent that the pressure member  84  of the pre-locking device  56  moves into the opening  118  of the eyes  16 , thus securing the hatrack  4  in this position, and in a second work step the hatrack  4  is then guided on all the fastening devices  2  right to the pre-locking position, or whether the hatrack  4  on all the fastening devices  2  by means of a single installation step is moved right to the pre-locking position. After the hatrack  4  has reached the pre-locking position, the push bolt  26 , which is in the unlocked position, is moved through the opening  118  of the eye  16 , which opening  118  is now in front of the main bolt  26 , and through the transverse hole  32  of the left-hand limb  18  into its locked position. In this process the cone  78  (see  FIG. 4 ) facilitates threading the main bolt  26  into the opening  118  of the eye  16 . Projection of the push button  124  into the opening  122  of the sleeve  120  ensures that the main-bolt securing device  52  pushes against the flat part  54  of the main bolt  26 , thus securing the main bolt  26  against unintended dislocation. The push button  124  also prevents rotation of the main bolt  26  relative to the fork head  24 . This installation step completes the installation procedure. The main bolt  26 , which is more strongly dimensioned when compared to the pressure member  84 , takes up the static and dynamic forces that act on the hatrack  4  during operation, and introduces said forces to the base body  30  and subsequently to the substructure  6  by way of the fork  22  of the fork head  24 . 
     Reconfiguration of a passenger cabin or carrying out repair and maintenance work may make it necessary to deinstall the at least one hatrack  4 . 
     In order to deinstall the hatrack  4 , first the main bolt  26  is moved from its locked position to the unlocked position. In the unlocked position the main bolt  26  completely releases the eye  16 . The eye  16  then rests on the pressure member  84  of the pre-locking device  56  that is in the locking position. By moving the pressure member  84  from the locking position to the release position, here again the eye  16  is completely released. To this effect the handle  88  (see  FIG. 5 ) of the pressure member  84  is dislocated into the groove  92  of the sleeve  80  of the pre-locking device  56 , which prevents the pressure member  84  from unintentionally being pushed into the locked position by the pre-tension of the spring  90 . After this unlocking process has been completed, the eye  16  can be removed from the fork  22  of the fork head  24 . Access for dislocation of the main bolt  26  from the locked position to the unlocked position and for dislocation of the pre-locking device  56  from the locking position to the release position takes place in the same direction so that the technician does not have to change his or her working position during deinstallation on a fastening device  2 . After this deinstallation step has been carried out on all the fastening devices  2 , the hatrack  4  is no longer connected to the substructure  6 . This deinstallation step completes deinstallation of the hatrack. 
     In addition, it should be pointed out that “comprising” does not exclude other elements or steps, and “a” or “one” does not exclude a plural number. Furthermore, it should be pointed out that characteristics or steps which have been described with reference to one of the above exemplary embodiments can also be used in combination with other characteristics or steps of other exemplary embodiments described above. Reference characters in the claims are not to be interpreted as limitations. 
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
               
                 List of reference characters 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 2 
                 Fastening device 
               
               
                 4 
                 Hatrack 
               
               
                 6  
                 Substructure 
               
               
                 8  
                 Tie rod 
               
               
                 10 
                 Frame element 
               
               
                 12 
                 Attachment plate 
               
               
                 14 
                 Web 
               
               
                 16 
                 Eye 
               
               
                 18 
                 Left-hand limb 
               
               
                 20 
                 Right-hand limb 
               
               
                 22 
                 Fork 
               
               
                 24 
                 Fork head 
               
               
                 26 
                 Main bolt 
               
               
                 28 
                 Arbor 
               
               
                 30 
                 Base body 
               
               
                 32 
                 Transverse hole 
               
               
                 34 
                 Interior wall of the left-hand limb 
               
               
                 36 
                 Interior wall of the right-hand limb 
               
               
                 38 
                 Groove 
               
               
                 40 
                 Groove bottom 
               
               
                 42 
                 Groove wall 
               
               
                 44 
                 Edge 
               
               
                 46 
                 Insertion aid 
               
               
                 48 
                 Inclined insertion surface on the groove bottom 
               
               
                 50 
                 Inclined insertion surface on the groove wall 
               
               
                 52 
                 Main-bolt securing device 
               
               
                 54 
                 Flat part 
               
               
                 56 
                 Pre-locking device 
               
               
                 58 
                 Limb on the base body 
               
               
                 60 
                 Transverse hole 
               
               
                 62 
                 Hexagonal head 
               
               
                 64 
                 Blocking device 
               
               
                 66 
                 Gearwheel 
               
               
                 68 
                 Locking element 
               
               
                 70 
                 Operating knob 
               
               
                 72 
                 Groove 
               
               
                 74 
                 Projection 
               
               
                 76 
                 Cone 
               
               
                 78 
                 Highest point of the cone 
               
               
                 80 
                 Sleeve 
               
               
                 82 
                 Elongated hole 
               
               
                 84 
                 Pressure member 
               
               
                 86 
                 Inclined surface 
               
               
                 88 
                 Handle 
               
               
                 90 
                 Spring 
               
               
                 92 
                 Groove 
               
               
                 94 
                 Bush 
               
               
                 96 
                 External thread 
               
               
                 98 
                 Transverse hole 
               
               
                 100 
                 Clamping sleeve 
               
               
                 102  
                 Thread root 
               
               
                 104 
                 Internal thread 
               
               
                 106 
                 Limb 
               
               
                 108 
                 Head 
               
               
                 110 
                 Tooth 
               
               
                 111 
                 Tooth space 
               
               
                 112 
                 Tooth face 
               
               
                 114 
                 Tip of the tooth 
               
               
                 116 
                 Groove 
               
               
                 118 
                 Opening of the eye 
               
               
                 120  
                 Sleeve 
               
               
                 122  
                 Opening 
               
               
                 124 
                 Push button 
               
               
                 126 
                 Operating device 
               
               
                 E 
                 Direction of insertion 
               
               
                 F 
                 Direction of force 
               
               
                 G 
                 Direction of force