Abstract:
A portable, combustion-engined tool including a combustion chamber ( 1 ), a piston ( 8 ) adjoining the combustion chamber ( 1 ), with a pressure build-up in the combustion chamber ( 1 ) providing for movement of the piston ( 8 ) from its initial position, in which the piston adjoins the combustion chamber ( 1 ), away from the combustion chamber ( 1 ), a brake device ( 43 ) for retaining the piston ( 8 ) substantially in its initial position during build-up of pressure in the combustion chamber ( 1 ), and elements for changing a braking force applied to piston ( 8 ).

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0001]    1. Field of the Invention  
           [0002]    The present invention relates to a portable, combustion-engined tool, in particular, a setting tool for driving in fastening elements.  
           [0003]    2. Description of the Prior Art  
           [0004]    A tool of a type discussed above is disclosed in European Publication EP 0 818 281A2. The known tool includes a combustion chamber, a piston adjoining the combustion chamber, a pressure build-up in the combustion chamber providing for movement of the piston from its initial position, in which it adjoins the combustion chamber, away from the combustion chamber, and means for retaining the piston substantially in its initial position during build-up of pressure in the combustion chamber.  
           [0005]    The device for retaining the piston is usually used to insure that the piston would not be displaced from its initial position at its upper dead point in the period between two setting processes and to retain the piston with a predetermined retaining force until a relatively high pressure is built-up in the combustion chamber. The retaining device should provide a high power yield to prevent the displacement of the piston already at the beginning of the pressure build-up, which leads to reduction of the flame front speed which, in turn, leads to transmission only of a small portion of the energy to the piston.  
           [0006]    Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide in a tool of the type described above means for adjusting the amount of energy which is generated in the combustion chamber and is transmitted to the piston.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0007]    This and other objects of the present invention, which will become apparent hereinafter, are achieve by changing the braking force applied to the piston. By adjusting the braking force, the force, which retains the piston in its initial position, can be adjusted within certain limits which, in turn, influence the amount of energy consumed by the piston. By appropriate constructive measures, the braking force acting on the piston can be so selected that maximum of the generated energy is transmitted to the piston. Thereby a better effectiveness of the tool is achieved.  
           [0008]    Generally, the braking device can act on different portion of the piston, e.g., it can act on the piston plate or the piston rod. The braking effect can be achieved with different means: electromagnetic, pneumatic, hydraulic, mechanical, and the like. Further, the braking force applied by the braking device can also vary dependent on the position of the piston. After the force retaining the piston in its initial position, which is predetermined by the braking force, has been overcome, with the piston moving away from its initial position, the braking force, upon further displacement of the piston in the operating direction, can be increased or changed in any other desirable way. Upon return of the piston to its initial position the braking force can, e.g., be minimized or be removed altogether to provide for a complete return of the piston to its initial position.  
           [0009]    According to one preferred embodiment of the present invention, the braking device is provided in the region of the piston rod, which only slightly increases the dimensions of the entire structure so that a compact tool is obtained. The braking device can have only one braking member biased against the piston rod under an action of a compression spring which, according to further development of the invention, can be formed as a circular spring surrounding the piston rod. When the biasing spring is formed as a circular spring, a plurality of braking members can be arranged between the piston rod and the spring which produces a better braking effect. As a braking member, a roll member, a ball, a cylinder, and the like can be used. Such a roll member is held by a circular spring in a cage-like manner and rolls with respect to the piston rod when the piston rod moves through the braking device. The use of roll members permits to obtain a braking device with minimum wear.  
           [0010]    In accordance with a further embodiment of the braking device according to the present invention, there is provided an actuation member having an adjustable actuation force and acting on the spring. By actuating the actuation member, the braking force acting on the piston can be change in a simple manner.  
           [0011]    When the braking member biasing spring is formed as a circular spring, the actuation member can be formed as a spring stirrup having two legs between which the circular spring, together with the piston rod is received. Dependent on movement of the stirrup base toward or away from the piston rod, the legs would expand to a greater or lesser degree, applying, respectively, a smaller or greater force to the spring which, in turn, applies a smaller or greater biasing force to the braking member. The displacement of the stirrup base changes, thus, the braking force applied by the braking member to the piston rod.  
           [0012]    The novel features of the present invention, which are considered as characteristic for the invention, are set forth in the appended claims. The invention itself, however, both as to its construction and its mode of operation, together with additional advantages and objects thereof, will be best understood from the following detailed description of preferred embodiments, when read with reference to the accompanying drawings.  
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0013]    [0013]FIG. 1 shows an axial cross-sectional view of a combustion-engined tool according to the present invention in the region of the tool combustion chamber; and  
         [0014]    [0014]FIG. 2. A cross sectional view along line II-II in FIG. 1.  
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT  
       [0015]    A combustion chamber  1  of an inventive combustion-engined tool, in particular, of a setting tool, which is shown in FIG. 1, has a cylindrical shape and includes a cylindrical wall  2  and a ring-shaped bottom  3  adjoining the cylindrical wall  2 . In the center of the bottom  3 , there is provided an opening  4 . A guide cylinder  5 , which has a cylindrical wall  6  and a bottom  7 , adjoins the opening  4  in the bottom  3  of the combustion chamber  1 . A piston  8  is slidably displaceably arranged in the guide cylinder  5  for displacement in the longitudinal direction X of the guide cylinder  5 . The piston  8  consists of a piston plate  9  facing the combustion chamber  1  and a piston rod  10  extending from the center of the piston plate  9 . The piston rod  10  projects through an opening  11  formed in the bottom  7  of the guide cylinder  5 .  
         [0016]    [0016]FIG. 1 shows a non-operational position of the setting tool in which the piston  8  is in its rearward off-position. The side of the piston plate  9  adjacent to the bottom  3  of the combustion chamber  1  is located closely adjacent to the bottom  3 , with the piston rod  10  projecting only slightly beyond the bottom  7  of the guide cylinder  5 .  
         [0017]    Sealing rings  12  are provided on opposite sides of the piston plate  9  to seal the chambers on the opposite sides of the piston plate  9  from each other. For fixing the piston  8  in its rearward off-position, there is provided a stop  13 .  
         [0018]    Inside of the combustion chamber  1 , there is provided a cylindrical plate  14  further to be called a movable combustion chamber wall or movable wall. The plane of the plate  14  extends transverse to the longitudinal direction of the tool. The movable wall  14  is displaceable in the longitudinal direction X of the combustion chamber  1 . For separating the chambers on opposite sides of the movable wall  14 , an annular sealing  15  is provided on the circumference of the movable wall  14 . The movable wall  14  has a central opening  16 , with an annular sealing  17  provided in the wall of the opening  16 . Sidewise of the central opening  16  at a distance therefrom, there is provided a through-opening  19 . An ignition device  20  is sealingly mounted in the opening  19 . The ignition device  20  has two electrodes  21 ,  22  forming an electrical path for generating an ignition spark. The electrodes  21 - 22  face in a direction toward the bottom  3  of the combustion chamber  1 .  
         [0019]    A separation plate  18  is provided between the bottom  3  of the combustion chamber  1  and the movable wall  14 . The separation plate  18  likewise as a circular shape and has an outer diameter corresponding to the inner diameter of the combustion chamber  1 . The separation plate  18  has a plurality of axial through-opening  38  spaced from the center of the separation plate  18 . The separation plate  18  is fixedly connected with a central projection  18   a  that extends into the though-opening  16  of the movable wall  14 . At the free end of the central projection  18   a,  there is provided a ring-shaped circumferential flange  18   b  which is engaged by the movable wall  14  when it is displaced in the axial direction. A spring  18   c,  which is provided between the flange  18   b  and the opposite rear side of the movable wall  14  and is supported on the projection  18   a,  always biased the separation plate  18  toward the movable wall  14  by applying a biasing force to the flange  18   b.    
         [0020]    For displacing the movable wall  14 , there are provided several, e.g., three drive rods  23  uniformly distributed along the circumference of the movable wall  14  and fixedly connected therewith. Only one of the drive rods  23  is shown in FIG. 1. The drive rods  23  extend parallel to the axis of the combustion chamber  1  and outside of cylindrical wall  6  of the guide cylinder  5 . The drive rods  23  extend through openings  24 , respectively, formed in the separation plate  18  and through corresponding openings  25  is provided win a circumferential seal located in the surface defining the opening  25  for sealing the combustion chamber  1  from outside. The movable wall  14  is connected with drive rods  23  by, e.g., screws  27  which extend through the movable wall  14  and are screwed into the drive rods  23 . The free ends of the drive rods  23  are connected with each other by a drive ring  28  which is arranged concentrically with the combustion chamber axis and which circumscribes the guide cylinder  5 . The drive ring  28  is connected with the drive rods  23  by screws which extend through the drive ring and are screwed into the drive rods  23  through end surfaces of the free ends of respective drive rods  23 . Each of the drive rods  23  supports a compression spring  30  extending between the bottom  3  of the combustion chamber  1  and the drive ring  28 . The compression spring  30  are designed for pulling the movable wall  14  toward the bottom  3 . The displacement of the movable wall  14  in a direction away from the bottom  3  is limited by a stop shackle  32  which is formed as a plate-shaped member. The shackle  32  is mounted in a circumferential groove  33  formed in the upper portion of the combustion chamber  1 . The shackle  32  is secured in the groove  33  with a locking ring  34 . The shackle  32  has an upwardly bulging section which serves as a stop for the central projection  18   a  of the separation plate  18 .  
         [0021]    At least one aeration/deaeration valve  31  is provided in the bottom  3  of the combustion chamber  1 . For the sake of clarity of the entire structure, the valve  31  is shown only schematically. The aeration/deaeration valve  31  serves for admitting fresh air into the combustion chamber  1  and for removal of waste gases from the combustion chamber  1 , as it will be described in more detail further below. In the condition of the combustion chamber  1  shown in FIG. 1, the aeration/deaeration valve  31  is open. The condition of the combustion chamber  1  shown in FIG. 1 corresponds to the off-condition of the tool.  
         [0022]    At the lower end of the guide cylinder  5 , there are provided openings  39  for letting air out of the guide cylinder  5  upon movement of the piston  8  toward the guide cylinder bottom  7 . At the lower end of the guide cylinder  5 , there is also provided damping means  40  for damping the movement of the piston  8 . As soon as the piston  8  passes the opening  39 , the waste gases are expelled from the guide cylinder  5  through the openings  39 .  
         [0023]    Two radial, spaced from each other, through-openings  41 ,  41  are provided in the cylindrical wall  2  of the combustion chamber  1 . Two conduits (not shown), which extend from outside into the through-openings  41 ,  42 , communicate the combustion chamber  1  with a metering valve (likewise not shown) and provide for injection of, e.g., liquefied fuel gas into respective combustion chamber sections which are formed when the movable wall  14  and the separation wall  18  are displace to the operational end positions determined by the stop shackle  32 , as also will be described in more detail further below.  
         [0024]    A braking device  43  is connected with the tool, as shown in FIG. 1. The braking device  43  is located in the region of the piston rod  10  extending between the guide cylinder  5  and the tool mouth (not shown).  
         [0025]    As shown in FIG. 1, a cylindrical tube  44  is inserted in the opening  11  formed in the bottom of the guide cylinder  5 . The cylindrical tube  44  has a inner channel  45  extending in the longitudinal direction of the tool. An end portion of the piston and rod  10  extends into the inner channel  45  of the tube  44  which leads to the tool opening or mouth. The cylindrical tube  45  has an axially extending circumferential cut-out  46 . The cut-out  46  represents a circumferential groove with a certain axial breadth. The circumferential groove or cut-out  46  occupies a position along the axial or longitudinal extent of the tube  44  such that the free end of the piston rod  10  lies opposite the groove  46  when the piston  8  is located in its rearward position shown in FIG. 1. A circular spring  47  is inserted into the groove  46 . The spring  47  is not formed as a complete circle. The circular spring  47  is arranged concentrically with respect to the piston rod  10  and has a conical circumferential inner surface which is so selected that it opens toward the bottom  7  of the guide cylinder  5 . In the axial direction, the circular spring  47  is supported in the circumferential groove  46  and can be radially compressed. The cylindrical tube  44  has, in the region of the circumferential cut-out  46 , two opposite through-openings  48 ,  49  in which braking balls  50 ,  51  are located. The openings  48 ,  49  are so selected that the balls  50 ,  51  are biased into the inner channel  45  of the tube  44  by the circular spring  47 , extending partially thereinto. The displacement of the balls  50 ,  51  in the inner channel  45  in the axial direction is limited by upper and lower radial surfaces of the cut-out  46 . The through-openings  48 ,  49  are formed as longitudinal slots extending along the axial length of the cut-out  46 , i.e., along the axial extend of the inner channel  45 . When the piston rod  10  moves downwardly in FIG. 1 or through the plane of the drawings (in FIG. 2), it entrains the balls  50 ,  51 , pushing them into the cone formed by the inner surface of the spring  47 , which results in application of a braking force to the piston rod  10  after a very short displacement of the piston  8 . The pressure in the combustion chamber  1  can continue to be built-up, reaching a value that overcomes the braking force applied to the piston, so that the piston  8 , together with the piston rod  10 , can move further until it reaches its operational end position.  
         [0026]    The braking force applied by the braking balls  50 ,  51  is determined by the biasing force of the circular spring  47 . In order to be able to vary the biasing force of the spring  47 , there is provided an adjusting element  52 . For varying the braking force applied by the braking device  43 , the adjusting element  52  compresses or releases the circular spring  47 .  
         [0027]    The adjusting element  52  is formed as a leg spring having two legs  53 ,  54  connected by a base  55 . The spring leg  52  is quasi u-shaped, with the circular spring  47  being received between the legs  53 ,  54 . The distance between the legs  53 ,  54  is so selected that it is smaller than the diameter of the circular spring  47  which, as a result, expands the legs  53 ,  53  upon being inserted therebetween. With the movement of the base  55  in a direction toward the spring  47  or the tube  44 , the leg spring  52  will expand, compressing the spring  47 , and the spring  47  applies a greater biasing them to the piston rod  10 . With the movement of the base  55  in a direction away from the spring  47 , the opposite occurs. The displacement of the base  55  is effected with a screw  56  that is screwed in a projection  59  formed on the bottom  7  of the guide cylinder  5 . The screw  56  extends through an opening  60  formed in the base  55  and is provided with a head  61  that abuts the outer side of the base  55 . Between the inner side of the base  55  and the projection  59 , there is provided a compression spring  62  that surrounds the screw  56  being supported thereon. The spring  62  biases the base  55  away from the projection  59 . The screw  56  is fixedly connected with a hand wheel  58  with which the screw  56  is screwed in or out of the projection  59  for varying the braking force applied by the braking device  43 .  
         [0028]    It is important that after the ignition of the fuel gas in the combustion chamber  1 , the piston remains in its rearward position for a time sufficient for build-up of an adequately high pressure in the combustion chamber  1  for driving the piston  8  with an adequate power. The braking device  43 , by applying a predetermined braking or retaining force to the piston  8 , prevents a premature displacement of the piston  8  at the beginning of the pressure built-up. This results in maximizing of the power applied to the piston. A very small displacement of the piston  8  at the beginning of the pressure build-up can be disregarded.  
         [0029]    Below the operation of the setting tool shown in FIGS.  1 - 2  will be described in detail.  
         [0030]    [0030]FIG. 1 shows the condition of the combustion chamber I in the off position of the setting tool. The combustion chamber  1  is completely collapsed, with the separation plate  18  lying on the bottom  3  of the combustion chamber  1  and the movable wall  14  lying on the separation plate  18 . The piston  8  is in its rearward off-position, which determined by the stop  13 , so that practically no space remains between the piston  8  and the separation plate  18  if one would disregard a small clearance therebetween. The position, in which the movable wall  14  lies on the separation plate  19 , results from the compressing spring  30  biasing the drive ring  28  away from the bottom  3 , with the ring  28  pulling the movable wall  14  via the drive rods  23 . In this position, the drive ring  28  is still spaced from the aeration/deaeration valve, which remains open.  
         [0031]    When in this condition, the setting tool is pressed with its front point against an object, the fastening element should be driven in, a mechanism shown only schematically by an element  57 , applies pressure to the drive ring  28  displacing it in the direction of the bottom  3  of the combustion chamber  1 . This takes place simultaneously with the setting tool being pressed against the object. At that, the movable wall  14  is lifted off the separation plate  19  and entrains therewith, via the compression spring  18   c  and the flange  18 , the separation plate  18 . Upon displacement of the separation wall  18 , a so-called main chamber section, which is formed between the separation plate  18  and the bottom  3 , expands. During the expansion of the main chamber section, air is aspirated thereinto via still open aeration/deaeration valve  31 .  
         [0032]    Upon further pressing of the tool against the object, the drive ring  28  is displaced further in a direction toward the bottom  3 , and, in a while, the projection  18   a  engages the shackle  32 . If the drive ring  28  is displaced further toward the bottom  3 , the movable wall  14  separates from the separation plate  18 , whereby a so-called forechamber section is formed between the movable wall  14  and the separation plate  18 . Air into the forechamber section is aspirated through the aeration/deaeration valve  31  and the through-openings  38  formed in the separation plate  18 .  
         [0033]    As soon as the movable wall  14  and the separation plate  18  pass, in their movement upward, the respective radial openings  41 ,  42 , in principle, an injection of a metered amount of the liquefied fuel gas into the forechamber and main chamber sections can start. At the end of the displacement of the movable wall  14 , the aeration/deaeration valve  31  closed by the drive ring  28 .  
         [0034]    In the completely expanded position of the forechamber and main chamber sections, the movable wall  14  and the separation plate  18  become locked in their positions. This is effected by actuation of an appropriate lever or a trigger of the tool. The locking can take place shortly after the actuation of the trigger or shortly after ignition of the fuel gas mixture in the combustion chamber  1  of the setting tool. Upon actuation of the ignition device  20 , an electrical spark ignites a preliminary formed mixture of the air and the fuel gas in the forechamber section of the combustion chamber  1 . Upon ignition of the mixture, a flame front starts to propagate radially with a relatively small velocity. The flame front pushes the unconsumed air fuel gas mixture penetrates through the through-openings  38  in the separation plate  18  into the main combustion chamber section, creating there turbulence and pre-compression.  
         [0035]    As the flame front reaches the through-openings  38 , the flame penetrates there-through, due to a small cross-section of the openings  38 , in a form of flame jets into the main chamber section, creating there a further turbulence.  
         [0036]    The thoroughly intermixed air-fuel gas mixture in the main chamber section ignites over the entire surface of the flame jets, which results in the pressure built-up in the main chamber section.  
         [0037]    The pressure, which is built-up in the main chamber section, impacts the piston  8  which can be displaced only a short distance after the start of its displacement, as a braking force is applied thereto upon displacement of the braking balls  50 ,  51  into the cone formed in the circular spring  47 . Further displacement of the piston  8  is prevented by the braking device  43  which is adjusted to a predetermined braking force. The piston  8  practically remains in its initial position until a sufficient pressure is built-up in the main chamber section. When a sufficient pressure has been built up, it overcomes the braking force of the braking device  43 , and the piston  8  is displaced with a high speed in a direction toward the bottom  7  of the guide cylinder  5 , forcing the air from the guide cylinder  5  out through the openings  39 . Upon the piston plate  9  passing the openings  39 , the exhaust gas in discharged therethrough. The piston rod  10  effects setting of a fastening element.  
         [0038]    After setting or following the combustion of the air-fuel gas mixture, the piston  8  is brought to its initial position, which is shown in FIG. 1, as a result of thermal feedback produced by cooling of the flue gases which remain in the combustion chamber  1  and the guide cylinder  5 . As a result of cooling of the flue gases, an underpressure is created behind the piston  8  which provides for return of the piston  8  to its initial position. The combustion chamber  1  should remain sealed until the piston  8  reaches its initial position. This means that the aeration/deaeration valve  31  also should remain closed.  
         [0039]    The braking device  43  should not apply a braking force to the piston  8  when the piston  8  return to its initial position. This is achieved due to the selected direction of the conicity of the cone formed by the circular spring  47 , as the braking balls  50 ,  51 , being entrained by the piston rod  10 , encounter no resistance, so that no braking force is applied to the piston rod  10 .  
         [0040]    After it is insured that the piston  8  reached its initial position, which is shown in FIG. 1, again, the movable wall  14  and/or the drive ring  28 , and/or the aeration/deaeration valve  31  is (are) unlocked. The compression springs  30  bias the drive ring  28  in a direction away from the bottom  3  of the combustion chamber  1 , whereby the aeration/deaeration valve  31  completely opens. Upon movement of the drive ring  28  away from the bottom  3 , the drive rods  23  pull the movable wall  14  in a direction toward the bottom  3 . Upon the movement of the movable wall  14  in the direction toward the bottom  3 , the compression spring  18   c  biases, via the flange  18   b  of the projection  18   a  of the separation plate  18 , the separation plate  18  toward the movable wall  14 . Thus, first, the forechamber section is deaerated, with the flue gases exiting through the aeration/deaeration valve  31 . After the movable wall  14  abuts the separation plate  18 , both move in the direction toward the bottom  3 , with now the main chamber section being deaerated through the aeration/deaeration valve  31 . In a while, the separation plate  18  abuts the bottom  3 , with the movable wall  14  lying on the separation plate  18 . The combustion chamber  1  becomes completely collapsed and free of flue gases. Now, an aeration process can begin anew upon the next setting of a fastening element.  
         [0041]    The structure and operation of the tool was discussed above with reference to an embodiment with a collapsible combustion chamber. However, it should be clear that the present invention can be used with a setting tool or another tool in which the combustion chamber wall and/or separation plate are not displaced in the axial direction of the combustion chamber. In effect the present invention can be used with any tool the combustion chamber of which consists of a single chamber section and is not divided into forechamber and main chamber sections.  
         [0042]    Although the present invention was shown and described with references to the preferred embodiments, such are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not to be construed as a limitation thereof and various modifications of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art. It is therefore not intended that the present invention be limited to the disclosed embodiment or details thereof, and the present invention includes all variations and/or alternative embodiments within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.