Abstract:
An improved wall and partition construction method that is more time and cost efficient to construct than conventional methods, and that includes no exterior attachment means, thus providing a finished wall with a substantially seemless first and second surface. The improved wall is constructed by attaching rigid panels to a series of channel members each having a hat-shaped cross section generally placed in vertical orientation, along the centerline of a wall. Each channel member includes a plurality of openings that provide an interior pathway for routing utility and communication cables, and/or for containing supplemental insulation. Compressed straw panels are attached to the channel members in a slightly offset alternating manner such that each panel can be rigidly connected to a channel member by a plurality of lag screws with each penetrating the panel from the inside such that the finished wall has no exterior penetrations.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS (CLAIMING BENEFIT UNDER 35 U.S.C. 120)  
       [0001]     This application is not related to any other U.S. patent applications. 
     
    
     FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT STATEMENT  
       [0002]     This invention was not developed in conjunction with any Federally sponsored contract.  
       MICROFICHE APPENDIX  
       [0003]     Not applicable.  
       INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE  
       [0004]     None.  
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
       [0005]     In modern office buildings, business and conference centers, hotels, classrooms, medical facilities, and the like, the fitting-out of occupiable space is continuously becoming more important and ever more challenging. In the competitive business environment, cost concerns alone dictate the efficient use of interior space. Thus, the finishing or fitting-out of building spaces for offices, hotel rooms, and similar areas has become a very important aspect of effective space planning and layout.  
         [0006]     Business organizations, their work patterns and the technology utilized therein are constantly evolving and changing. Building space users require products that provide for change at minimal cost. At the same time, their need for functional interior accommodations remains steadfast. Issues of privacy, functionality, aesthetics, acoustics, etc. are unwavering. For architects and designers, space planning for both the short and long term is a dynamic and increasingly challenging problem. Changing work processes and the technology required demand that designs and installation be able to support and anticipate change.  
         [0007]     Space allocation and planning challenges are largely driven by the fact that modern office spaces are becoming increasingly more complicated due to changing and increasing needs of users for more and improved utilities support at each workstation or work setting. These utilities encompass all types of resources that may be used to support or service a worker, such as communications and data used with computers and other types of data processors, telecommunications, electronic displays, etc., electrical power, conditioned water, and physical accommodations, such as lighting, HVAC, sprinklers, security, sound masking, and the like. For example, modern offices for highly skilled “knowledge workers” such as engineers, accountants, stock brokers, computer programmers, etc., are typically provided with multiple pieces of very specialized computer and communications equipment that are capable of processing information from numerous local and remote data resources to assist in solving complex problems. Such equipment has very stringent power and signal requirements, and must quickly and efficiently interface with related equipment at both adjacent and remote locations. Work areas with readily controllable lighting, HVAC, sound masking, and other physical support systems, are also highly desirable to maximize worker creativity and productivity. Many other types of high technology equipment and facilities are also presently being developed which will need to be accommodated in the work places of the future. Moreover, the office space layout of these “knowledge workers” changes frequently to accommodate new technology, or to accommodate changing work teams resulting from changing business objectives, changing corporate cultures, or a combination thereof.  
         [0008]     Office workers today need flexible alternative products that provide for the obtainment of numerous, often seemingly conflicting objectives. For example, the cultural aims of an organization may require the creation of both individual and collaborative spaces, while providing a “sense of place” for the users, and providing a competitive edge for the developer. Their needs include a range of privacy options from fully enclosed offices which support individual creative work to open spaces for collaborative team work. At the same time, their products must be able to accommodate diverse organizations, unique layout designs, and dynamic work processes.  
         [0009]     Further compounding the challenge are the overall objectives to promote productivity, minimize the expenses of absenteeism and workman&#39;s compensation, and reduce potential liability. Meeting these objectives often requires improved lighting, better air quality, life safety, and ergonomic task support.  
         [0010]     As previously mentioned, the cost efficient use of building floor space is also an evergrowing concern, particularly as building costs continue to escalate. Open office plans that reduce overall office costs are commonplace, and generally incorporate large, open floor spaces. These spaces are often equipped with modular furniture systems that are readily reconfigurable to accommodate the ever-changing needs of specific users, as well as the divergent requirements of different tenants. However, for privacy, productivity, or other reasons, interior walls and/or partitions are still required although the functionality requirements of interior walls is changing.  
         [0011]     Historically, office walls or partitions are made by erecting a wood frame comprising vertical studs spaced on a regular interval, lining each side with gypsum board (sheet rock) panels, then finishing the wall surfaces with a variety of textures and paint. When additional thermal and/or acoustic insulation is needed, insulation medium such as fiberglass, rock wool or mineral wool will commonly be placed to fill the interior space between vertical studs and gypsum board panels.  
         [0012]     These conventional walls have proven sturdy, provide adequate privacy and sound proofing, and provide a surface that easily accepts wall hangings such as pictures, paintings, plaques and the like. Furthermore, as is commonly known, conventional walls can easily be repainted, retextured, and can be readily patched and repaired when damaged. Conventional gypsum board partitions are typically custom built floor-to-ceiling installations that, due primarily to the vertical studs, are time-consuming to erect and build. The increased need for utility wiring, such as power and communication cables, have made conventional vertical stud-based walls more cumbersome and inconvenient as horizontal paths for the utility wiring must be routed either through numerous vertical studs or up and into a ceiling passage or plenum, then back down and to the end location.  
         [0013]     As previously stated, interior walls in offices, hotels and the like are typically made by erecting a frame that includes vertical studs, either wood or steel, on a 12″ or 16″ spacing, lining each side with gypsum board (sheet rock) panels, then finishing the wall surfaces with a variety of textures and paint.  FIGS. 1   a - 1   d  illustrate a cross-sectional top-down view of such a constructions.  
         [0014]      FIG. 1   a  shows prior art wall construction ( 100 ) comprised of vertical 2×4 studs ( 102 ) lined on each side by ⅝″ gypsum board ( 101 ).  FIG. 1   b  shows prior art wall construction ( 200 ) comprised of vertical 2×4 studs ( 202 ) lined on each side by ⅝″ gypsum board ( 201 ) with insulation ( 203 ) filling the interior space.  
         [0015]      FIG. 1   c  shows prior art wall construction ( 300 ) comprised of 3½ vertical steel studs ( 302 ) lined on each side by ⅝″ gypsum board ( 301 ).  FIG. 1   d  shows prior art wall construction ( 400 ) comprised of 3½ vertical steel studs ( 402 ) lined on each side by ⅝″ gypsum board ( 401 ) with insulation ( 403 ) filling the interior space.  
         [0016]     For the primary objective of increasing the sound attenuating properties of walls, numerous alternative practices have been used  FIGS. 1   e - 1   g  provide top-down cross-sectional views of alternative constructions.  
         [0017]      FIG. 1 ( e ) shows a prior art wall construction ( 500 ) wherein vertical 2×4 studs ( 502 ) are placed in a staggered configuration such that no direct rigid connection is made between gypsum board panels ( 501 ) lining each wall face. Insulation ( 503 ) is used to fill interior spaces.  
         [0018]      FIG. 1 ( f ) shows a prior art wall construction wherein vertical 2×4 studs ( 602 ) are placed in a two-wide configuration effectively doubling the overall wall thickness. Gypsum board ( 601 ) lines each face and insulation ( 603 ) fills interior spaces.  
         [0019]      FIG. 1   g  is similar to  FIG. 1   f  except the two-wide 2×4 studs are replaced by 7″ steel studs ( 702 ) and two layers of gypsum board ( 701 ) are used on one side. Insulation ( 703 ) is used to fill interior spaces. The wall construction of  FIG. 1   g , by way of the double layer of gypsum board on one face provides a one hour fire rating as required by many commercial applications such as hotel constructions.  
         [0020]     What is needed in the art is a wall construction method that effectively utilize the favorable structural and acoustic properties of superior construction materials, namely compressed straw panels, discussed infra. Further, what is needed in the art is a wall construction method that is quicker and more cost effective to install than conventional wall constructions while providing easy routing and re-routing of increasing amounts of utility wiring and communication cables. Still further, what is needed in the art is a wall construction method that provides the flexibility and reconfigurability of currently available partial or full height partition systems while providing the sturdiness, sound attenuation and ease of resurfacing provided by conventional gypsum board walls. Finally, what is needed in the art is a wall construction that contains no exterior connectors  
         [0021]     Though most of the background discussion, supra, implies in interior application for the improved wall and partition construction disclosed herein, said construction is well suited for exterior wall constructions as well. In exterior applications, the hollow interior space may be used to contain supplemental thermal and/or acoustic insulation. Further, said compressed straw panels are well suited for accepting a variety of weather proof panels, coatings, or the like attached thereto.  
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
       [0022]     The present invention relates to the finishing or fitting-out of interior building space such as offices, hotels, conference centers, business centers, meeting rooms,  6  medical facilities, classrooms, etc. Particularly, the present invention provides for the finishing out of open interior space using a system comprising substantially vertically oriented interior connecting members generally spaced approximately 4 ft. apart with compressed straw panels assembled thereon in a systematic manner resulting a wall or partition that includes no exterior penetrations or connectors. The result is a relatively seamless exterior surface that can be finished in a plurality of ways, but one that, if desired, can be utilized with minimal surface treatment. Further, the finished wall is structurally strong, but substantially hollow, thus enabling very easy routing and re-routing of utility wiring therethrough. The vertical interior connecting members are provided with a plurality of horizontal opening through which utility wiring and communication cabling can easily be routed. Assembly is simple and fast relative to the construction of conventional interior walls, thus by virtue of significant savings in labor costs, is cost effective relative to conventional wall constructions. The features and advantages of subject invention will be further understood and appreciated by those skilled in the art by reference to the following written specification, claims, and appended drawings.  
     
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0023]     The figures presented herein when taken in conjunction with the written disclosure form a complete description of the invention.  
         [0024]      FIGS. 1   a  through  1   h  illustrate known methods of constructing walls from panels and support members.  
         [0025]      FIG. 2   a  shows an isometric view of a hat channel and first straw panel connection.  
         [0026]      FIG. 2   b  shows an isometric view of a hat channel with first and second straw panels attached.  
         [0027]      FIG. 2   c  shows an isometric view of a hat channel with first, second and third panels attached.  
         [0028]      FIG. 2   d  shows an isometric view of a hat channel with first, second, third and fourth straw panels attached.  
         [0029]      FIG. 3   a  shows a top-down cutaway view of the attachment between first panel is ( 9 ) and hat channel ( 1 ).  
         [0030]      FIG. 3   b  shows a top-down cutaway view of first ( 9 ) and second ( 10 ) panels attached to a hat channel ( 1 ).  
         [0031]      FIG. 3   c  shows a top-down cutaway view of first ( 9 ), second ( 10 ) and third ( 11 ) panels attached to a hat channel ( 1 ).  
         [0032]      FIG. 3   d  shows a top-down cutaway view of first ( 9 ), second ( 10 ), third ( 11 ) and fourth ( 12 ) panels attached to a hat channel ( 1 ).  
         [0033]      FIG. 3   e  shows a top-down cutaway view of the optional addition of a decorative panel ( 14 ) attached to the finished wall face.  
         [0034]      FIG. 4  shows a top-down cutaway view of a finished wall construction.  
         [0035]      FIG. 5   a  shows an isometric view of hat channel ( 1 ).  
         [0036]      FIG. 5   b  shows a cutaway detail top and side view of hat channel ( 1 ).  
         [0037]      FIG. 6  shows an isometric detail view of a connection between hat channel ( 1 ) and a floor and/or ceiling.  
         [0038]      FIG. 7  shows a preferred termination of the beginning and ending of a wall construction.  
         [0039]      FIG. 8   a  shows an isometric view of an optional method of utility and/or communication wire routing.  
         [0040]      FIG. 8   b  shows an isometric view of an optional method of utility and/or communication wire routing.  
         [0041]      FIG. 8   c  shows an isometric view of communication and/or utility wiring routed through a wall opening ( 21 ).  
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
       [0042]     The present invention utilizes solid core compressed straw panels comprised of a matrix of highly compressed straw, usually wheat, rice, oat or other recovered agricultural straw, lined on all sides by paper or paperboard. Typically, the panels are made through a dry extrusion process wherein straw is compressed into a substantially flat continuous web, normally between 1½″ and 3½″ thick and between 40″ and 60″ wide. The continuous web is then cut into rectangular panels of various lengths. Panel length is easily varied. The compressed straw is arranged in layers with the straw fibers substantially parallel in orientation extending transversely across the panel from side to side when the panel is in a normal in-use orientation. Said panels are typically rectangular in shape, and for the purposes of this disclosure, will be oriented such that the longer edges are substantially vertical and the shorter edges are substantially horizontal. In this orientation, said straw fibers will assume a generally horizontal orientation. Said panels have a tackable surface, i.e., are suitable for securely accepting nails, tacks, screws and other connecting means for attaching and/or hanging items from the panel surfaces. Further, surfaces of the panels are suitable for accepting surface texture, paint, wall paper, and other conventional wall coverings. Panels can be factory finished with surface texture, paint, wall paper and the like, or said surface treatments can easily be applied to a finished wall. Compressed straw panels are typically much thicker and stronger than gypsum board and possess higher nail pull values, thus providing nails, screws, or the like driven therein to support more weight than if driven into gypsum board. Additionally, said panels possess sound insulating properties superior to both conventional gypsum board walls and many currently available commercial interior partition systems. Solid core panels further provide fire resistant properties superior to materials used in many presently available interior wall construction and partition systems. To enhance flexibility, these panels can be cut and formed in the field using conventional tools such as circular, saber or band saws, routers, planers, sanders and the like. Ideally, however, the wall will be designed so that field alteration of said panels is minimized, thus minimizing installation time and costs. In the preferred embodiment, panels manufactured by Affordable Building Systems of Texas are used.  
         [0043]     Referring  FIG. 5   a  and  5   b , vertical hat channel ( 1 ) is shown.  FIG. 5   b  shows a cross sectional detail of hat channel ( 1 ) having a substantially “hat” shaped cross section comprised of a large flange ( 2 ), a small flange ( 3 ), and a spine channel ( 4 ) located therebetween. Spine channel ( 4 ), large flange ( 2 ) and small flange ( 3 ) each have a substantially flat outer surface and all are in substantially parallel relation. In the preferred embodiment, hat channel ( 1 ) is made of 0.012-0.016 gauge steel. Aluminum or other rigid material of comparable strength and stiffness may be substituted. Material weight can be adjusted based upon the structural requirements of the particular application. As illustrated in  FIG. 5   a , each hat channel ( 1 ) is provided with a plurality of horizontal utility openings ( 13 ). It should be noted that utility openings ( 13 ) can be provided as needed and can be cut in the field using boring drills, saber or cutoff saws or other suitable tools. Each utility opening ( 13 ) is shown as rectangular, but can be circular, square, triangular or any other shape that provides sufficient area to receive utility wiring therethrough. Each hat channel ( 1 ) is also shown to include a plurality of lag screw receivers ( 6 ) each for receiving a lag screw or other attachment means therethrough. Lag screw receiver ( 6 ) is a simple hole through the hat channel material sized to provide an opening through which a lag screw ( 7 ) may be inserted. Throughout this disclosure, lag screws are used for illustration and are the connector of choice, but nails or other suitable penetrating connectors may be used.  
         [0044]     Lag screws provide for easy disassembly of a wall with minimal damage to panels. Further, it should be noted that throughout the disclosure, hat channel ( 1 ) is shown as having a large flange ( 2 ) and a small flange ( 3 ). This size differentiation is done largely to provide for descriptive purposes, and said flanges can be the same size.  
         [0045]     Referring to  FIG. 2   a , a vertically positioned hat channel ( 1 ) is shown. Each hat channel ( 1 ) is designed to span from floor to ceiling and can be fixed in place by any of a number of conventional means.  FIG. 6  shows an ‘L’ bracket ( 16 ) anchored to the floor by means of anchor bolt ( 17 ) and bolted to hat channel ( 1 ) by means of machine bolt ( 18 ). Referring back to  FIG. 2   a , hat channel ( 1 ) is shown in proper vertical position with a first straw panel ( 9 ) attached thereto. A lag screw ( 7 ) is positioned through each lag screw receiver ( 6 ) located on large flange ( 2 ) and fixably attached to first straw panel ( 9 ). In the preferred embodiment, 1½″ lag screws are used. It is recommended that lag screws be located at least 1½″ from the panel edge. Step one of the preferred method comprises placing first straw panel ( 9 ) adjacent to a hat channel ( 1 ) such that a portion of large flange ( 2 ) remains exposed, then attaching said large flange ( 2 ) to said first straw panel ( 9 ) by means of a plurality of lag screws ( 7 ) as illustrated in  FIG. 2   a.    
         [0046]      FIG. 2   b  shows a second straw panel ( 10 ) positioned in substantially parallel position to first straw panel ( 9 ). Second straw panel ( 10 ) is positioned adjacent to spine channel ( 4 ) such that a portion of the outer flat surface of spine channel ( 4 ) remains exposed. Second straw panel ( 10 ) is provided with a plurality of disc recesses ( 15 ) located along the edge nearest spine channel ( 4 ) as illustrated. Each disc recess ( 15 ) is for receiving a connector disc ( 8 ) therein. Disc connector ( 8 ) and disc recess ( 15 ) are disclosed in related U.S. Pat. No. 6,634,077 and published U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/387,994.  FIG. 2   b  shows a disc connector ( 8 ) inserted into the top disc recess ( 15 ). A lag screw ( 7 ) is positioned through each lag screw receiver ( 6 ) located on spine channel ( 4 ) and fixably attached to second straw panel ( 10 ) to provide a substantially rigid connection between spine channel ( 4 ) and second straw panel ( 10 ). In the preferred embodiment, 1½″ lag screws are used. It is recommended that lag screws be located at least 1½″ from the panel edge. Step two of the preferred method comprises placing second straw panel ( 10 ) adjacent to spine channel ( 4 ) and in substantially parallel relation to first straw panel ( 9 ) such that a portion of the outer surface of spine channel ( 4 ) remains exposed, attaching said spine channel ( 4 ) to said second straw panel ( 10 ) by means of a plurality of lag screws ( 7 ) positioned through lag screw receivers ( 6 ) located through spine channel ( 4 ), and fully inserting a disc connector ( 8 ) into each disc recess ( 15 ).  
         [0047]      FIG. 2   c  shows a third straw panel ( 11 ) positioned in substantially parallel position to first straw panel ( 9 ) and second straw panel ( 10 ). Third straw panel ( 11 ) is positioned adjacent to small flange ( 3 ) and in abutted relation to first straw panel ( 9 ). A lag screw ( 7 ) is positioned through each lag screw receiver ( 6 ) located on small flange ( 3 ) and fixably attached to third straw panel ( 11 ) to provide a substantially rigid connection between small flange ( 3 ) and third straw panel ( 11 ). As indicated supra, the preferred embodiment utilizes 1½″ lag screws. It is recommended that lag screws be located at least 1½″ from the panel edge. Step three of the preferred method comprises placing third straw panel ( 11 ) adjacent to small flange ( 3 ) and in abutted and substantially parallel relation to first straw panel ( 9 ), then attaching said small flange ( 3 ) to said third straw panel ( 11 ) by means of a plurality of lag screws ( 7 ) positioned through lag screw receivers ( 6 ) located through small flange ( 3 ).  
         [0048]      FIG. 2   d  shows a fourth straw panel ( 12 ) positioned in substantially parallel and abutted relation to second straw panel ( 10 ). Fourth straw panel ( 12 ) is positioned adjacent to the remaining exposed outer surface of spine channel ( 4 ) and in full edge to edge abutted position relative to second straw panel ( 10 ). Fourth straw panel ( 12 ) is provided with a plurality of disc recesses ( 15 ) positioned to correspond to each disc recesses located on the abutted edge of second straw panel ( 10 ) and to fully receive therein each disc connector ( 8 ) protruding from the edge of second straw panel ( 10 ). Connection between second straw panel ( 10 ) and fourth straw panel ( 12 ) is provided by a friction fit between each disc recess ( 15 ) and respective disc connector ( 8 ) inserted therein. Step four of the preferred method comprises aligning fourth straw panel ( 12 ) into adjacent planar position relative to second straw panel ( 10 ) and moving fourth straw panel into abutted relation to second straw panel ( 10 ) thereby causing disc connectors ( 8 ) protruding from the abutted edge of second straw panel ( 10 ) to insert fully into disc recesses ( 15 ) located on the abutted edge of fourth straw panel.  
         [0049]     In an alternative embodiment, each disc connector ( 8 ) can be further attached within each disc recess ( 15 ) by means of an adhesive placed therein. In said alternative embodiment, polyvinyl acetate-based adhesives are recommended.  
         [0050]     Referring now to  FIG. 3   a  which shows a top-down cross sectional view of first straw panel ( 9 ) positioned adjacent to large flange ( 2 ) with lag screw ( 7 ) inserted through lag screw receiver ( 6 ) and attached to first straw panel ( 9 ). As illustrated a portion (&gt;15%) of the surface of large flange ( 2 ) remains uncovered.  
         [0051]      FIG. 3   b  shows a top-down cross sectional view of first straw panel ( 9 ) positioned adjacent to large flange ( 2 ) with lag screw ( 7 ) inserted through lag screw receiver ( 6 ) and attached to first straw panel ( 9 ). Second straw panel ( 10 ) is shown positioned adjacent to spine channel ( 4 ) with lag screw ( 7 ) inserted through lag screw receiver ( 6 ) and attached to second straw panel ( 10 ). A portion of the outside surface of spine channel ( 4 ) remains uncovered. Disc connector ( 8 ) is shown fully inserted into disc recess ( 15 ).  
         [0052]     Continuing on to  FIG. 3   c  which shows the addition of third straw panel ( 11 ) positioned adjacent to small flange ( 3 ), covering the remaining exposed surface of large flange ( 2 ) and in abutted relation to first straw panel ( 9 ). Lag screw ( 7 ) is inserted through lag screw receiver ( 6 ) and attached to third straw panel ( 11 ).  
         [0053]     Next,  FIG. 3   d  shows the addition of fourth straw panel ( 12 ) positioned to cover the remaining outer surface of spine channel ( 4 ) and in abutted relation to second straw panel ( 10 ). As previously discussed, fourth straw panel ( 12 ) is provided with a plurality of disc recesses ( 15 ) that correspond to those on second straw panel ( 10 ) such that when fourth straw panel ( 12 ) is properly positioned, disc connectors ( 8 ) protruding from second straw panel ( 10 ) are received into disc recesses ( 15 ) located on fourth straw panel ( 12 ).  
         [0054]      FIG. 3   e  shows an optional fifth step wherein gypsum board sheets ( 14 ) are used to cover the outer surface of the finished wall. Hard board sheets, wood or composite paneling, or any number of largely decorative sheetings can be used to cover the wall surfaces if so desired.  
         [0055]      FIG. 4  provides a top-down cutaway view of a composite section of a finished wall. First (top) hat channel is identified as ( 1   a ) and second (bottom) hat channel identified as ( 1   b ). For illustration, the wall assembly shown will be constructed from the top of the page downward, thus hat channel ( 1   a ) will be put in place before hat channel ( 1   b ). It can be seen from  FIG. 4  that, as a wall is constructed according to the method disclosed herein, third straw panel ( 11 ) and fourth straw panel ( 12 ) relative to first hat channel ( 1   a ) become the first ( 9 ) and second ( 10 ) straw panels relative to second hat channel ( 1   b ). Step one at the second hat channel ( 1   b ) must be carried out prior to step four at the first hat channel ( 1   a ). Accordingly, step two at the second hat channel ( 1   b ) will immediately follow step four at the first channel ( 1   a ). This sequence is followed for the length of the wall.  
         [0056]     Though wall terminations fall outside the scope of this disclosure, a top-down cutaway illustration of a preferred method is disclosed in  FIG. 7 . First end wall ( 19 ) and second end wall ( 20 ) are shown in perpendicular position relative to subject wall construction. The preferred method of beginning said wall construction is to position first hat channel ( 1   a ) in close proximity to first end wall ( 19 ), preferably within approximately 1 ft. First straw panel ( 9 ) and second straw panel ( 10 ) are cut to the proper length as illustrated and attached to hat channel ( 1   a ) as described supra. Accordingly, this preferred method of terminating subject wall construction is to position last hat channel ( 1   b ) in close proximity to second end wall ( 20 ), preferably within approximately 6 inches. Third straw panel ( 11 ) is then cut to the proper length as illustrated and attached to hat channel ( 1   b ). Finally, fourth straw panel ( 12 ) is cut to the proper length then bonded into place by means of adhesive connection between disc connectors ( 8 ) and respective disc recesses ( 15 ) as described supra.  
         [0057]     Subject wall construction provides easy routing of utility and communication wiring as shown in  FIGS. 8   a - 8   c  each providing an isometric view of the interior of a finished wall absent panels from one side to provide a view of the interior. First,  FIG. 8   a  shows wiring longitudinally routed through the center of a hat channel, then redirected laterally through utility openings. Next,  FIG. 8   b  shows an optional arrangement wherein wiring enters the wall interior without longitudinal routing through a hat channel then passes through utility openings as shown. Finally,  FIG. 8   c  shown wiring routed through wall openings ( 21 ) for connection to an electrical receptacle, telephone connector, computer network connector or the like.  
         [0058]     The embodiments shown and described above are exemplary. Many details are often found in the art and, therefore, many such details are neither shown nor described. It is not claimed that all of the details, parts, elements, or steps described and shown were invented herein. Even though numerous characteristics and advantages of the present inventions have been described in the drawings and accompanying text, the description is illustrative only, and changes may be made in the detail, especially in matters of shape, size, and arrangement of the parts within the principles of the inventions to the full extent indicated by the broad meaning of the terms of the attached claims.  
         [0059]     The restrictive description and drawings of the specific examples herein do not point out what an infringement of this patent would be, but are to provide at least one explanation of how to use and make the inventions. The limits of the inventions and the bounds of the patent protection are measured by and defined in the following claims.