Abstract:
A nut for screw connections has two substantially identically sized nut segments of a half-shell shape, wherein the nut segments each have an inner side provided with an inner thread segment defining together an inner thread. The nut segments are connected to each other so as to be moveable toward each other until the nut segments reach a closed position. The nut segments are maintained in the closed position by springs or a locking device. An actuating device is moveably arranged on at least one of the two nut segments for releasing the closed position, wherein the actuating device is adapted to manually actuated.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0001]    The invention relates to a nut for screw connections. The nut is comprised of two substantially same-size half-shell screw segments that each on their inner side are provided with inner thread segments and are arranged so as to be movable relative to each other until a closed position is reached. Further, means are provided that maintain the nut segments in closed position. 
         [0002]    Segmented nuts for use on screws or threaded bolts are known in the prior art. U.S. 2008/0301926 A1 discloses in  FIGS. 9C-9F  a segmented nut of a total of three identical nut segments. They are embodied like jaws and can be actuated by actuating a rotary ring that is rotatable about a central axis of the nut between an open position and a closed position wherein the jaws carry out a radial movement. In the closed position inner thread segments formed on the inner side of the screw segments engage the outer thread of matching size of a threaded bolt. In the open position, the inner thread sections formed on the segments do not engage the outer thread. 
         [0003]    The segmented nut according to U.S. 2008/0301926 A1 is designed and constructed especially for use in a hydraulic tensioning jack. For many other applications in the field of plant and apparatus engineering this segmented nut is however not suitable, particularly because of the drive action by means of a rotary ring that is arranged coaxially to the nut. In practice, this is not suitable for many construction and engineering situations. 
         [0004]    DE 1 991 256 discloses a nut for a screw connection with two substantially identically designed nut segments that are pivotable relative to each other and, for this purpose, are pivotably connected with each other at a first end area. For a positive fit (form fit) with the thread of a threaded rod, the nut, with the nut segments in open position, is first pushed onto the thread of the rod as far as possible and the nut segments are closed. Subsequently, the nut is screwed by several turns so that a cylindrically designed longitudinal section of the nut reaches a receptacle in the form of a blind bore; opening of the nut segments from this point on is not possible anymore. The receptacle in the form of a blind bore serves as a closure means that prevents opening of the segments. The disadvantage is that only by a screwing action of several turns a closure of the nut is achieved. 
         [0005]    DE 83 08 905 U1 discloses a nut that is suitable for a quick adjustment in axial direction. It is comprised of a housing comprising a ring that can be deflected against a spring force. This ring is provided on one of its inner halves with a thread structure. A pressure spring loads the ring in radial direction so that a positive fit (form fit) of the thread structure with the outer thread of the threaded bolt results. For opening, i.e., releasing the thread engagement, a pivotable lever is provided that is supported in the housing so as to pivot about a pivot axis that is arranged at a right angle to the screw axis. The actuation of the lever leads to a radial, i.e., lateral, displacement of the ring and release of the thread engagement. 
         [0006]    The invention has the object to provide a segmented nut that is suitable for many applications in plant and apparatus engineering and is changeable very quickly between the closed position and the open position. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0007]    In accordance with the present invention, this is achieved for a segmented nut of the aforementioned kind in that on at least one of the two segments an actuation device is movably arranged that is engageable by hand for releasing the closed position. 
         [0008]    The two segments or jaws of the segmented nut are moved relative to each other in parallel alignment so that already after short travel from the closed position into the open position a separation of the inner thread segments from the matching outer thread can be achieved. In practice, such a segmented nut can be operated especially quickly and simply, i.e., by means of a single actuation action. An important practical application are, for example, flange screw connections on housings or foundations of wind power devices. The fastening flanges employed in these device are provided about the circumference with screw connections that are closely positioned relative to each other so that between the individual screw connections but also inwardly toward the housing or foundation is only little space is available. Only in outward direction, the screw connection is freely accessible and therefore provides here a certain accessibility in order to transfer the nut by means of the actuation device provided thereat from the closed position into the open position. 
         [0009]    Advantageous embodiments of the nut according to the invention are disclosed in the dependent claims. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING 
         [0010]    Embodiments of the invention will be explained in the following with reference to the Figures. 
           [0011]      FIG. 1  is a perspective illustration of a first embodiment of a nut comprised of two nut segments wherein the nut is illustrated in the open state. 
           [0012]      FIG. 2  is a side view of the nut of  FIG. 1 . 
           [0013]      FIG. 3  shows the nut in plan view wherein a detail in the interior of the nut segments is illustrated in a broken-away section. 
           [0014]      FIG. 4  is an illustration, partially in section, of a second embodiment of a nut comprised of two nut segments wherein the nut is shown in the closed position. 
           [0015]      FIG. 5  is a section view of the nut along the section plane V-V indicated in  FIG. 4 . 
           [0016]      FIG. 6  is an illustration as in  FIG. 4  but in the open position of the nut. 
           [0017]      FIG. 7  is a section view as in  FIG. 5  but in the open position of the nut. 
       
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
       [0018]    The segmented nut illustrated in  FIGS. 1 to 3 , is comprised of two jaws or nut segments  1   a ,  1   b  that are movable in parallel away from each other and toward each other. Each nut segment  1   a ,  1   b  has approximately a 180 degree circumferential extension. Separation or opening of the segments  1   a ,  1   b , as illustrated in  FIGS. 1-3 , effects opening of the inner thread segments  2   a ,  2   b  formed in the nut segments so that the nut opened in this way can be moved across a threaded bolt or a screw in axial direction to a desired longitudinal position on the thread without having to carry out a cumbersome screwing action across the entire length of the thread of the threaded bolt or screw. On very long threaded bolts the nut can therefore be positioned quickly at the desired longitudinal position and then, by closing the two jaws, can be secured with positive fit on the threaded bolt. 
         [0019]    Basically, two different embodiments are possible. In the first embodiment the two inner thread segments  2   a ,  2   b  provide a complete standard inner thread when the nut is closed. Such a nut can therefore be screwed just like any other nut when in its closed position. 
         [0020]    In a second embodiment, the two innerthread segments  2   a ,  2   b  in the closed position of the nut supplement each other to a clamping inner thread whose thread flanks clamp frictionally on matching threaded flanks of the threaded bolt or the screw. Such a nut cannot be rotated in its dosed position or only by application of very high torque on the corresponding outer thread. The basic configuration of the nut is the same in both embodiments. 
         [0021]    The two segments  1   a ,  1   b  have semi-circular outer surfaces  4  and abut each other in the closed position of the nut at a separation plane T ( FIG. 3 ). When the nut is open, this separation plane T opens to a separation gap of e.g. 5 mm to 10 mm. 
         [0022]    For obtaining a parallel guiding action of the two nut segments  1   a ,  1   b , the nut segments  1   a ,  1   b  are seated so as move or glide on bolts  7   a ,  7   b  that extend at a right angle relative to the separation plane T. For this purpose, the bolt  7   a  is seated as to be movable in longitudinal direction in bores  10   a  of the nut segments that are aligned with each other and the bolt  7   b  is seated so as to be movable in longitudinal direction in bores  10   b  of the nut segments that are aligned with each other. Coil springs  15  are supported against the ends of the bolts  7   a ,  7   b  and are supported, relative to the separation plane T, on an axial surface at the bottom of the respective bores  10   a ,  10   b . The axial surface can be a shoulder of the two-step bore  10   a ,  10   b  in this embodiment. Each one of the two bolts  7   a ,  7   b  is provided in the area of its two ends with such a spring  15  surrounding the bolt. The results of this arrangement of the springs  15  is a permanent pretension of the nut segments  1   a ,  1   b  in the closing direction. In contrast to the open position illustrated in  FIGS. 1-3 , the segments  1   a ,  1   b  as a result of the action of the springs  15  are usually closed, i.e., they either abut each other in the separating plane T with their flat sides  17  or they have only a minimal spacing relative to each other. 
         [0023]    The jaws  1   a ,  1   b  that are thus spring-loaded into the closed position can be moved away from each other by hand by means of the actuation device  20 , i.e., against the spring force, until the inner thread segments  2   a ,  2   b  formed on the segments  1   a ,  1   b  no longer engage by positive fit the outer thread on which the nut is seated. 
         [0024]    The actuation device  20  is designed in this embodiment as a spreading device and is comprised of two levers  21 ,  22  that are connected to each other by an articulation  23 . The articulation  23 , as can be seen in  FIG. 3 , is arranged in the separating plane T of the two nut segments. The levers  21 ,  22  connected by the articulation  23  form a pliers-like actuating element with two actuation grips  21   a ,  22   a  that are angled relative to each other and point outwardly as well as lever sections that are projecting past the articulation  23  and end pivotably in bearings  31 ,  32  in the nut segments. The rotary bearing  31  of the first lever  21  is positioned at the symmetry center of the segments  1   a , the rotary bearing  32  of the second lever  22  is located at the symmetry center of the segment  1   b.    
         [0025]    When upon manual actuation by the operator the V-shaped actuating grips  21   a ,  22   a  are moved toward each other, this causes by means of the rotary bearings  23 ,  31 ,  32  a movement of the segments  1   a ,  1   b  away from each other and thus causes a release of the positive locking action relative to the threaded bolt. As soon as the actuating grips  21   a ,  22   a  of the actuating device are released, the nut segments  1   a ,  1   b  are closed again by the action of the springs  15  and engage with positive fit the threaded bolt so that the segmented nut is positionally secured on the threaded bolt. 
         [0026]      FIG. 2  shows that the segmented nut for an improved centering action on the respective support is conically designed on its bottom side, i.e., on the side that is facing away from the actuating device  20 . The bottom side is in the form of a flat truncated cone wherein the conical surface  33  is arranged with one half on one nut segment and with the other half on the other nut segment. 
         [0027]    In the second embodiment according to  FIGS. 4-7 , the two segments  1   a ,  1   b  are also guided relative to each other by means of bolts  7   a ,  7   b , wherein the bolt  7   a  is positioned on one side of the screw connection (i.e., the inner thread of the nut provided to form the screw connection) and the other bolt  7   b  on the other side of the screw connection so that the nut segments are moveable relative to each other in parallel toward and away from each other. 
         [0028]    Each bolt  7   a ,  7   b  is surrounded at its central longitudinal section by a pressure spring  45  that is embodied as a coil spring. The ends of the pressure spring  45  are each supported on the axial surfaces of the first nut segment  1   a  and the second segment  1   b . As a result of this, a permanent loading of the nut segments  1   a ,  1   b  in the opening direction is caused by the pretension of the pressure springs  45 . This is a difference to the afore described first embodiment in which the springs load the two jaws in the closing direction. 
         [0029]    In the embodiment according to  FIGS. 4-7  the actuating device  20  is embodied as a locking device. The segments  1   a ,  1   b  are locked in their closed position with pretension of the springs  45 . This locking action is releasable by a single push onto a button  49  wherein under the force of the released springs the nut segments move away from each other, i.e., they open. 
         [0030]    A component of the actuating device  20  is a transverse passage  46  which is provided in only one of the nut segments  1   a  and intersects at a right angle the bores  10   a ,  10   b  in which the bolts  7   a ,  7   b  that guide the segments  1   a ,  1   b  relative to each other are positioned. 
         [0031]    The transverse passage  46  receives two locking pins  47  as a further component of the actuating device  20  that are slidably arranged in the passage  46  and are configured to lock or arrest the respective bolt  7   a ,  7   b . For this purpose, each bolt  7   a ,  7   b  is provided on its outer surface with a recess  48  or a step that is engaged in the locked state by the respective locking pin  47  by positive fit. The recess  48  extends in a ramp shape, as illustrated in  FIG. 6 . 
         [0032]    The two locking pins  47  with regard to their longitudinal movability in the transverse passage  46  are lockable by engagement of a common locking element  49  that is arranged centrally between the bolts and is movably arranged in the nut segment  1   a  in a direction transverse to the locking pins  47 . The locking element  49  is also a component of the actuating device. 
         [0033]    The locking element  49  is designed like a bolt and has across its length members  51 ,  52  of different cross-sectional size. A first member  51  of a larger cross-section size is adjoined by a second member  52  of a smaller sized cross-section. The smaller sized member  52  serves as a release section. Externally, i.e., outside of the nut segment  1   a , the locking element  49  is extended to form a pushbutton  49   a . The pushbutton  49   a  is located on the side of the nut segment  1   a  that is facing away from the cone  33 . 
         [0034]    The nut according to  FIGS. 4-7  is closed about a threaded bolt in that the segments  1   a ,  1   b  are moved by hand toward each other until a locking action of the bolts  7   a ,  7   b  on the locking pins  47  occurs. In this locked position the locking pins  47 , in turn, are secured in longitudinal direction by axial support on the member  51  of larger cross-section of the locking element  49 . 
         [0035]    For a quick release of the nut, by applying pressure with the thumb, for example, the pushbutton  49   a  of the locking element  49  is pushed toward the nut segment  1   a  so that the locking element  49  is displaced and the other member  52 , serving as a release section, now releases the locking pins  47  supported on the member  51 . The move toward each other and their respective opposite ends release the bolts  7   a ,  7   b . The release movement of the locking pins  47  is assisted by the ramps provided at the recesses  48 . Under the action of the spring  45  the nut opens, i.e., it springs open. 
         [0036]    In both embodiments an anchoring means for a fastening element, such as an eyelet or ring member, can be provided on the semi-circular outer surface  4  of the segments  1   a ,  1   b . In the vicinity of a hydraulic screw tension cylinder which is to be prevented from flying off when actuated, the nut is attached to the screw bolt arranged adjacent to it in the circumferential direction. A belt that is connected to the eyelet or ring serves as a securing belt. For sufficient positional securing action of this securing belt it is therefore not required to first screw on the nut by many turns onto the outer thread of the neighboring screw bolt. Instead, the nut is simply opened, in the open state is pushed in longitudinal direction onto the existing thread, and is then closed. In reverse order, for releasing the nut, only a single actuation action is required, i.e., in the first case spreading apart the segments  1   a ,  1   b  and in the second case applying pressure onto the push button resulting in the two nut segments  1   a ,  1   b  springing apart. 
         [0037]    The specification incorporates by reference the entire disclosure of German priority document 10 2010 016 758.4 having a filing date of May 3, 2010. 
         [0038]    While specific embodiments of the invention have been shown and described in detail to illustrate the inventive principles, it will be understood that the invention may be embodied otherwise without departing from such principles.