Abstract:
The present invention minimizes or eliminates the disadvantages associated with multilevel interconnect structures by providing a method of forming stacked local interconnects that do not extend into higher levels within a multilevel IC device, thereby economizing space available within the IC device and increasing design flexibility. In a first embodiment, the method of the present invention provides a stacked local interconnect which electrically connects a first group of interconnected electrical features with one or more additional isolated groups of interconnected electrical features or one or more isolated individual electrical features. In a second embodiment, the method of the present invention provides a stacked local interconnect which electrically connects an individual electrical feature to one or more additional isolated electrical features. Significantly, in each of its embodiments, the method of the present invention does not require formation of contact plugs and, therefore, obviates the disadvantages associated with contact plug formation. Moreover, portions of the stacked local interconnect structures formed in each embodiment of the method of the present invention not only serve to electrically connect isolated device features but also serve to protect underlying, unrelated IC features from damage during subsequent etch steps. Therefore, the present invention also includes a method for protecting IC features from damage due to inadvertent etching of such features.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The present invention relates to local interconnect structures included in integrated circuit semiconductor devices. Specifically, the present invention relates to a method of forming stacked local interconnects as well as a method of using local interconnect structures to protect underlying device features from shooting during fabrication of an integrated circuit semiconductor device. 
     2. State of the Art 
     Higher performance and decreased size of integrated circuit (“IC”) semiconductor devices are constant goals of the semiconductor industry. Both goals are generally achieved by decreasing feature dimensions while increasing the density with which the electrical components that form the semiconductor devices are packaged. As is well known, state of the art semiconductor devices, such as static random-access memory (SRAW devices and logic circuits, include device features well below 0.25 μm in size and make use of multiple metallization levels as well as local interconnects in order to achieve desired packaging densities. 
     Local interconnects are often used to electrically connect localized electrical features, such as transistors or other circuit components, formed at a given level within a semiconductor device. Use of local interconnects greatly reduces the area necessary to form a given number of electrical features within a semiconductor device, thereby reducing the total size of the semiconductor device itself. However, as is also well known, it is often desirable to electrically connect two or more electrical features which are isolated within a given level of a multilevel semiconductor device. As used herein, the term “isolated” identifies electrical features which are remotely located within a single level, separated by one or more unrelated electrical features included in the same level, or both remotely located and separated by one or more unrelated electrical features. In order to electrically connect such isolated electrical features, multilevel interconnect structures, which include one or more metallization layers formed at higher levels within a semiconductor device, and the isolated electrical features are electrically connected via a multilevel interconnect structure by extending contact plugs up from the isolated features to the metallization layers included in the multilevel interconnect structure. Because they extend up into higher levels within multilevel semiconductor devices, multilevel interconnect structures allow connection of isolated electronic features using complex interconnect structures without shooting to any unrelated electrical features that may exist between the isolated features being electrically connected. 
     Electrically connecting isolated electrical features using multilevel interconnects, however, has significant disadvantages. For example, forming multilevel interconnects at higher elevations within a semiconductor device complicates the design of higher levels occupied by the multilevel interconnect structures, thereby reducing design flexibility at the higher levels and, ultimately, increasing the size of the finally formed semiconductor device. Moreover, the methods used to fabricate multilevel interconnects are relatively complicated and generally require the use of enlarged contact pads in order to compensate for fabrication errors, which may occur during the masking or etching steps used to form the contact plugs necessary to electrically connect the isolated electrical features via the multilevel interconnect. 
     Therefore, a method of electrically connecting isolated electrical features included within the same level of a multilevel semiconductor device, which does not require the formation of multilevel interconnect structures but which protects any intervening, unrelated semiconductor device features, would be advantageous. Such a method would minimize the intrusion of multilevel interconnect structures into higher levels within a multilevel semiconductor device, which, in turn, would increase the area available within such higher layers for fabrication of further electrical features and greatly enhance the design flexibility of state of the art semiconductor devices. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention addresses the foregoing needs by providing a method of forming stacked local interconnects which electrically connect isolated electrical features included within a single level of a multilevel semiconductor device without occupying space at higher levels within the multilevel semiconductor device. In a first embodiment, the method of the present invention provides a stacked local interconnect which electrically connects a first group of interconnected electrical features with one or more additional isolated groups of interconnected electrical features or one or more isolated individual electrical features. In a second embodiment, the method of the present invention provides a stacked local interconnect which electrically connects an individual electrical feature to one or more additional isolated electrical features. Significantly, in each of its embodiments, the method of the present invention does not require formation of contact plugs, and, therefore, obviates the disadvantages associated with contact plug formation. Moreover, portions of the stacked local interconnect structures formed in each embodiment of the method of the present invention not only serve to electrically connect isolated device features but also serve to protect underlying, unrelated semiconductor device features from damage during subsequent etch steps. Therefore, the present invention also includes a method for protecting semiconductor device features from damage due to inadvertent etching of such features. 
    
    
     Other features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent to those of skill in the art through a consideration of the ensuing description, the accompanying drawings, and the appended claims. 
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS 
     The figures presented in conjunction with this description are not actual views of any particular portion of an actual IC device or component but are merely representations employed to more clearly and fully depict the present invention. 
     FIG.  1  through FIG. 15 provide schematic illustrations of semiconductor device structures formed while carrying out various steps of the first embodiment of the method of the present invention. 
     FIG.  16  through FIG. 30 provide schematic illustrations of semiconductor device structures formed while carrying out various steps of the second embodiment of the method of the present invention. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     In a first embodiment, the method of the present invention enables the formation of stacked local interconnects facilitating the electrical connection of a first set of interconnected electrical features to a second set of interconnected electrical features. Significantly, the stacked local interconnects are formed within a single level of a multilevel semiconductor device, thereby simplifying device levels overlying the level occupied by the electrical features which are interconnected by the stacked local interconnects. 
     To carry out the first embodiment of the method of the present invention, a first intermediate semiconductor device structure  10  is provided. As is illustrated in drawing FIG. 1, the first intermediate semiconductor device structure  10  includes a semiconductor substrate  11  having desired features, such as transistors  12   a ,  12   b , source and drain regions  14   a - 14   d , isolation regions  15   a - 15   c , or other electrical features or components, already formed thereon. As used herein, the term “semiconductor substrate” signifies any construction including semiconductive material, including, but not limited to, bulk semiconductive material, such as a semiconductive wafer, either alone or in assemblies including other materials, and semiconductive material layers, either alone or in assemblies including other materials. Moreover, in order to ease description of the first embodiment of the present invention, drawing FIG. 1 provides a greatly simplified illustration of a typical first intermediate semiconductor device structure  10 . It is well known in the art that an intermediate semiconductor device structure may further include other features necessary for the proper function of the completed semiconductor device, and, as will be easily appreciated from the description provided herein, application of the first embodiment of the method of the present invention is not limited to the simplified schematic representations provided in the accompanying figures. 
     As is shown in drawing FIG. 2, an etch stop layer  16  is formed over the first intermediate semiconductor device structure  10 . The etch stop layer  16  may include any suitable material, such as silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ), silicon oxynitride (Si x O y N 2 ), tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS), or silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ). Further, the etch stop layer may be formed by any well-known means, such as a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process. 
     Preferably, the etch stop layer  16  includes a layer of Si x O y N 2  deposited by a plasma-enhanced CVD process. The etch stop layer  16  protects the various features included on the semiconductor substrate  11 , such as the transistors  12   a ,  12   b , from degradation or damage during subsequent etch steps used to define desired local interconnects. Moreover, the etch stop layer  16  may additionally serve as a barrier layer, substantially preventing diffusion of contaminants from overlying material layers into the semiconductor substrate  11  or any features included on the semiconductor substrate  11 . 
     After formation of the etch stop layer  16 , a passivation layer  18  and an interlayer dielectric (ILD)  20  are formed over the etch stop layer  16  (shown in drawing FIG.  3 ). The passivation layer  18  may be composed of known silica materials, such as SiO 2 , borophosphosilicate glass (BPSG), phosphosilicate glass (PSG), borosilicate glass (BSG), or doped or undoped oxide materials. BPSG is the presently preferred passivation material, and where BPSG is used, the passivation layer  18  may be formed by depositing a layer of BPSG and utilizing known reflow or polishing techniques to achieve a passivation layer  18  having a desired thickness and planarity. The ILD  20  may include any suitable dielectric material, such as SiO 2 , Si x O y N 2 , or, preferably, Si 3 N 4 . Again, the ILD material may be formed by any known process, such as known CVD processes. 
     As can be seen in drawing FIG. 4, after formation of the passivation layer  18  and the ILD  20 , a first resist  22  is formed over the ILD  20 . Any desirable resist material may be used to form the first resist  22 , and, as can also be appreciated from drawing FIG. 4, the first resist  22  is exposed and developed according to well-known processes to define a pattern corresponding in size, shape, and location to a desired first local interconnect. 
     Using the pattern defined in the first resist  22 , the ILD  20  is etched to define a trench  24  into the ILD  20 . The trench  24  will enclose and define the first local interconnect. Though any suitable etch process may be used, a dry plasma etch process is preferred. Because it is difficult to precisely control the depth of the ILD  20  etch, it is likely that the trench  24  will extend at least slightly into the passivation layer  18 , as is shown in drawing FIG.  5 . After formation of the trench  24 , the first resist  22  is stripped using means known in the art. 
     The trench  24  is then filled with a desired conductive material. As is illustrated in drawing FIG. 6, in order to fill the trench  24 , a layer of conductive material  26 , such as tungsten, is formed over the trench  24  and the remaining portions of the ILD  20  by known means, such as a sputter deposition or CVD process. The layer of conductive material layer  26  is then polished as known in the art, such as by a chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) process, to achieve a first local interconnect  28 , which extends through the ILD  20  but is substantially coplanar with the top surface  30  of the ILD  20  (shown in drawing FIG.  7 ). 
     Optionally, where desirable, the trench  24  defining the first interconnect may be filled by first depositing a barrier layer  32  over the trench  24  and remaining portion of the ILD  20 . The banier layer  32  may include a first conductive material, such as titanium, tungsten, tantalum, titanium nitride, tungsten nitride, or tantalum nitride, and the barrier layer is formed by well-known means in the art. As can be seen in drawing FIG. 8, the barrier layer  32  partially fills the trench  24 . After formation of the barrier layer  32 , a second conductive layer  34  is formed over the barrier layer  32 . The second conductive layer  34  may include any suitable material, such as tungsten, and can also be formed using well-known techniques. The barrier layer  32  and the second conductive layer  34  are then polished by suitable means, such as a known CMP process to again, achieve a first local interconnect  28 , which extends through the ILD  20  but is substantially coplanar with the top surface  30  of the ILD  20  (shown in drawing FIG.  9 ). 
     Regardless of whether the first local interconnect  28  is formed using a barrier layer  32  and a second conductive layer  34  or simply a single layer of conductive material  26 , the first local interconnect  28  can be sized, shaped, and positioned as desired. Preferably, however, the local interconnect is sized, shaped, and positioned such that, after formation of the final stacked local interconnect structure (shown in drawing FIG.  13  and drawing FIG.  15 ), the first local interconnect structure  28  enables the electrical connection of a first group of interconnected electrical features (e.g., transistors  12   a  and  12   b ) to one or more additional groups of interconnected electrical features (not illustrated). 
     Once the first local interconnect  28  is formed, a second resist  40  is formed over the semiconductor substrate, as can be seen in drawing FIG.  10 . As was true in regard to the first resist  22 , any desirable resist material may be used to form the second resist  40 . The second resist  40  is exposed and developed according to well-known processes to define the desired shape and location of the second and third local interconnects, which will complete the stacked local interconnect structure. 
     Using the pattern defined in the second resist  40 , the ILD  20  and passivation layer  18  are etched to define openings  42   a ,  42   b  using a self-aligned contact (SAC) etch, which is selective to the material(s) used in first local interconnect  28  and etch stop layer  16  (FIG.  11 ). As can be appreciated by reference to drawing FIG. 11, the openings  42   a ,  42   b  formed by the SAC etch extend down through the passivation layer  18  and expose each of the electrical features, such as transistors  12   a ,  12   b , which are to be electrically connected. Moreover, because the SAC etch is selective to the material used to form the first local interconnect  28 , the portion  44  of the passivation layer  18  underlying the first local interconnect  28  remains intact, providing proper isolation for each of the electrical features to be interconnected, such as transistors  12   a  and  12   b , and protecting any intervening, unrelated electrical features that may be included underneath the first local interconnect  28 . After openings  42   a ,  42   b  have been formed, the second resist  40  is stripped using means known in the art. 
     In order that the second and third local interconnects may be formed in electrical contact with the electrical features exposed by openings  42   a  and  42   b , portions of the etch stop layer  16  overlying the electrical features to be interconnected, such as portions  46   a  and  46   b  (shown in drawing FIG.  11 ), are selectively removed by a known etch process. The etch process is preferably a selective plasma dry etch process, such as a “punch etch” process. Illustrated in drawing FIG. 12 is an intermediate semiconductor device structure  10  after portions  46   a ,  46   b  of the etch stop layer have been removed by a desirable etch process. 
     After portions of the etch stop layer  16 , such as portions  46   a  and  46   b , have been removed to reveal the electrical features, such as transistors  12   a  and  12   b , to be electrically connected, a layer of conductive material  48  is formed over openings  42   a ,  42   b , the first local interconnect  28 , and the remaining portions of the ILD  20  (shown in drawing FIG.  12 ). The layer of conductive material  48  fills openings  42   a  and  42   b  and may include any suitable conductive material, such as tungsten, the presently preferred material. The layer of conductive material  48  may be formed using a known deposition process. As can be appreciated by reference to drawing FIG. 13, the layer of conductive material  48  is then polished as known in the art, such as by a chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) process, to achieve second and third local interconnects  50 ,  51 , which extend through the ILD  20  and passivation layer  18 , are in electrical contact with the electronic features, such as transistors  12   a  and  12   b , to be interconnected, are in electrical contact with the first local interconnect  28 , and are substantially coplanar with the top surface  30  of the ILD  20  (shown in drawing FIG.  13 ). 
     Alternatively, as shown in drawing FIG.  14  and drawing FIG. 15, the second and third local interconnects  50 ,  51  may also be formed by first depositing a barrier layer  52  comprised of any suitable material, such as those materials already described in regard to first local interconnect  28 . As can be seen in drawing FIG. 14, the barrier layer  52  partially fills openings  42   a  and  42   b . After formation of the barrier layer  52 , a second conductive layer  54  is formed over the semiconductor substrate  11 . The second conductive layer  54 , which can be formed using well-known techniques, completely fills openings  42   a  and  42   b  and may include any suitable material, such as tungsten. The barrier layer  52  and the second conductive layer  54  are then polished by suitable means, such as a known CMP process, to achieve second and third local interconnects  50 ,  51 , which extend through the ILD  20  and passivation layer  18 , are in electrical contact with the electrical features, such as transistors  12   a  and  12   b  to be interconnected, are in electrical contact with the first local interconnect  28 , and are substantially coplanar with the top surface  30  of the ILD  20  (shown in drawing FIG.  15 ). 
     Reference to drawing FIG.  13  and drawing FIG. 15 highlights that the first embodiment of the method of the present invention provides a stacked local interconnect structure formed of a first local interconnect  28 , a second local interconnect  50 , and a third local interconnect  51 , which enables the interconnection of two or more isolated groups of interconnected electrical features included in the same level of a multilevel IC device. For example, as shown in drawing FIG.  13  and drawing FIG. 15, a first group of electrical features, transistors  12   a  and  12   b , is electrically connected by second local interconnect  50 , a second set of electrical features (not illustrated) is electrically connected by third local interconnect  51 , and the first and second groups of electrical features are electrically connected by first local interconnect  28 . Moreover, the stacked local interconnects formed by the first embodiment of the present invention do not include multilevel metallization structures that would otherwise extend into and complicate higher levels included in a multilevel semiconductor device. Finally, the fabrication of the stacked local interconnects is accomplished without contact plugs and the disadvantages that accompany the use of contact plugs, such as the need for enlarged contact pads and extra masking and etching steps. Therefore, the first embodiment of the present invention provides a method for forming stacked local interconnects that facilitate the electrical connection of isolated groups of interconnected electrical features, but the first embodiment of the method of the present invention also substantially reduces or eliminates the disadvantages associated with known multilevel interconnect structures. 
     Though the first embodiment of the method of the present invention has been described herein with reference to a stacked local interconnect structure including a first local interconnect electrically connecting second and third local interconnects, the first embodiment may be used to form any desired stacked local interconnect structure. For example, instead of a first local interconnect electrically connecting two groups of electrically connected semiconductor device features, the first embodiment of the present invention may be used to form a first local interconnect electrically connecting three or more groups of electrically connected semiconductor device features. Or, alternatively, the first embodiment of the method of the present invention may be used to electrically connect a first group of electrically connected features to one or more individual electrical features. As is easily appreciated from the description provided herein, the first embodiment of the method of the present invention is extremely flexible and provides a means by which a group of interconnected electrical features may be electrically connected to any desired number of isolated interconnected electrical features or individual electrical features without the need for multilevel interconnect semiconductor device structures. 
     A second embodiment of the method of the present invention is similar to the first embodiment, except that it may be used to electrically connect individual isolated electronic features. As was true in the first embodiment of the method of the present invention, the first step in the second embodiment is providing an intermediate semiconductor device structure  59  (shown in drawing FIG. 16) including a semiconductor substrate  61  having desired electrical features, such as transistors  12   a - 12   d , source and drain regions  14   a - 14   g , or any other desired electrical features formed thereon. Moreover, as was true in the first embodiment of the method of the present invention, the intermediate semiconductor device structure  59  provided may further include any other further features, such as field oxide or isolation regions  15   a - 15   d , that may be necessary for the proper function of a completed IC device. Drawing FIG. 16, like FIG. 1, provides a greatly simplified illustration of a typical first intermediate semiconductor device structure  59 . As will be easily appreciated from the description provided herein, application of the second embodiment of the method of the present invention is not limited to the simplified schematic representations provided in the accompanying figures. 
     As is shown in drawing FIG. 17, an etch stop layer  16  is formed over the first intermediate semiconductor device structure  59 . The etch stop layer  16  may include any suitable material, such as silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ), silicon oxynitride (Si x O y N 2 ), tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS), or silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ). Further, the etch stop layer may be formed by any well-known means, such as a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process. Preferably, the etch stop layer  16  includes a layer of Si x O y N 2  deposited by a plasma-enhanced CVD process. The etch stop layer  16  protects the various features included on the semiconductor substrate  61 , such as the transistors  12   a - 12   d , from degradation or damage during subsequent etch steps used to define desired local interconnects. Moreover, the etch stop layer  16  may additionally serve as a barrier layer, substantially preventing diffusion of contaminants from overlying material layers into the semiconductor substrate  61  or any features included on the semiconductor substrate  61 . 
     After formation of the etch stop layer  16 , a passivation layer  18  and an interlayer dielectric (ILD)  20  are formed over the etch stop layer  16  (shown in drawing FIG.  18 ). The passivation layer  18  may be composed of known silica materials, such as SiO 2 , borophosphosilicate glass (BPSG), phosphosilicate glass (PSG), borosilicate glass (BSG), or doped or undoped oxide materials. BPSG is the presently preferred passivation material, and where BPSG is used, the passivation layer  18  may be formed by depositing a layer of BPSG and polishing the BPSG layer, using known polishing techniques, to achieve a passivation layer  18  having a desired thickness and planarity. The ILD  20  may include any suitable dielectric material, such as SiO 2 , Si x O y N 2 , or, preferably, Si 3 N 4 , and, again, the ILD material may be formed by any known process, such as known CVD processes. 
     As can be seen in drawing FIG. 19, after formation of the passivation layer  18  and the ILD  20 , a first resist  60  is formed over the ILD  20 . Any desirable resist material may be used to form the first resist  60 , and, as can also be appreciated from drawing FIG. 19, the first resist  60  is exposed and developed according to well-known processes to define a pattern corresponding in size, shape, and location to a first portion of the desired stacked local interconnect. 
     Using the pattern defined in the first resist  60 , the ILD  20  is etched to define a trench  62  into the ILD  20 , which will enclose and define the first portion of the stacked local interconnect. Though any suitable etch process may be used, a dry plasma etch is preferred. Because it is difficult to precisely control the depth of the ILD  20  etch, it is likely that the trench  62  will extend at least slightly into the passivation layer  18 , as is shown in drawing FIG.  20 . 
     The trench  62  is then filled with a desired conductive material. As is illustrated in FIG. 21, in order to fill the trench  62 , a layer of conductive material  26 , such as tungsten, is formed over the trench  62  and the remaining portions of the ILD  20  by known means, such as a sputter deposition or CVD process. The deposited conductive material layer  26  is then polished as known in the art, such as by a chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) process, to achieve a first portion  64  of the stacked local interconnect, which extends through the ILD  20 , but is substantially coplanar with the top surface  30  of the ILD  20  (shown in drawing FIG.  22 ). 
     Optionally, where desirable, the trench  62  defining the first interconnect may be filled by first depositing a barrier layer  32  over the trench  62  and the remaining portions of the ILD  20 . The barrier layer  32  may include a first conductive material, such as titanium, tungsten, tantalum, titanium nitride, tungsten nitride, or tantalum nitride, and the barrier layer is formed by well-known means in the art. As can be seen in drawing FIG. 23, the barrier layer  32  partially fills the trench  62 . After formation of the barrier layer  32 , a second conductive layer  34 , which completely fills the trench  62 , is formed over the barrier layer  32 . The second conductive layer  34  may include any suitable material, such as tungsten, and can also be formed using well-known techniques. The barrier layer  32  and the second conductive layer  34  are then polished by suitable means, such as a known CMP process, to again achieve a first portion  64  of a stacked local interconnect, which extends through the ILD  20 , but is substantially coplanar with the top surface  30  of the ILD  20  (shown in drawing FIG.  24 ). 
     Regardless of whether the first local interconnect  28  is formed using a barrier layer  32  and a second conductive layer or simply a single conductive layer  26 , the first portion  64  of the stacked local interconnect can be sized, shaped, and positioned as desired. Preferably, however, the local interconnect is sized, shaped, and positioned such that, after formation of the final stacked local interconnect structure (shown in drawing FIG.  30 ), the first portion  64  of the stacked local interconnect enables the electrical interconnection of two or more isolated electrical features, such as transistors  12   a  and  12   d.    
     Once the first portion  64  of the stacked local interconnect is formed, a second resist  66  is formed over the semiconductor substrate, as can be seen in drawing FIG.  25 . As was true in regard to the first resist  60 , any desirable resist material may be used to form the second resist  66 . The second resist  66  is exposed and developed according to well-known processes to define the desired shape and location of the second and third portions of the stacked local interconnect. 
     Using the pattern defined in the second resist  66 , the ILD  20  and passivation layer  18  are etched to define openings  68   a ,  68   b  using a self-aligned contact (SAC) etch, which is selective to the material(s) used in first portion  64  of the stacked local interconnect. As can be appreciated by reference to FIG. 26, the openings  68   a ,  68   b  formed by the SAC etch extend down through the passivation layer  18  and expose the electrical features, such as transistors  12   a  and  12   d  that are to be electrically connected. Moreover, because the SAC etch is selective to the material used to form the first portion  64  of the stacked local interconnect, the portion  70  of the passivation layer  18  underlying the first portion  64  of the stacked local interconnect remains intact, providing proper isolation for the electrical features and protecting any intervening, unrelated electrical features, such as transistors  12   b  and  12   c , that may be included underneath the first portion  64  of the stacked local interconnect. 
     In order that the second and third portions of the stacked local interconnect may be formed in electrical contact with the electrical features exposed by openings  68   a  and  68   b , portions of the etch stop layer  16 , such as portions  72   a  and  72   b , are first selectively removed by a known etch process. The etch process is preferably a selective plasma dry etch process, such as a “punch etch” process. Illustrated in drawing FIG. 27 is an intermediate IC structure  59  after portions  72   a ,  72   b  of the etch stop layer have been removed by a desirable etch process. 
     After desired portions of the etch stop layer  16  have been removed to reveal the electrical features to be electrically connected, a layer of conductive material  48  is formed over the openings  68   a ,  68   b , the first portion  64  of the stacked local interconnect and the remaining portions of the ILD  20  (shown in drawing FIG.  27 ). The layer of conductive material  48  may include any suitable conductive material, though tungsten is presently preferred, and the layer of conductive material  48  may be formed using known deposition processes. As can be appreciated by reference to drawing FIG. 28, the deposited layer of conductive material  48  is then polished as known in the art, such as by a chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) process, to achieve second and third portions  76 ,  78 , which extend through the ILD  20  and passivation layer  18 , are in electrical contact with the electronic features, such as transistors  12   a  and  12   d , to be interconnected, are in electrical contact with the first portion  64  of the stacked local interconnect, and are substantially coplanar with the top surface  30  of the ILD  20 . 
     Alternatively, as shown in drawing FIG. 29, the second and third portions  76 ,  78  of the stacked local interconnect may also be formed by first depositing a barrier layer  52  comprised of any suitable material, such as those materials already described in regard to first portion  64  of the stacked local interconnect. As can be seen in drawing FIG. 29, the barrier layer  52  partially fills openings  68   a  and  68   b . After formation of the barrier layer  52 , a second conductive layer  54  is formed over the barrier layer  52 . The second conductive layer  54 , which can be formed using well-known techniques, completely fills openings  68   a  and  68   b  and may include any suitable material, such as tungsten. The barrier layer  52  and the second conductive layer  54  are then polished by suitable means, such as a known CMP process, to achieve second and third portions  76 ,  78  of the stacked local interconnect, which extend through the ILD  20  and passivation layer  18 , are in electrical contact with the electrical features, such as transistors  12   a  and  12   d , to be interconnected, are in electrical contact with the first portion  64  of the local interconnect, and are gubstanially coplanar with the top surface  30  of the ILD  20  (shown in drawing FIG.  30 ). 
     Reference to drawing FIG.  28  and drawing FIG. 30 highlights the second embodiment of the method of the present invention, which provides a stacked local interconnect structure  90  formed of a first portion  64 , a second portion  76 , and a third portion  78 . The stacked local interconnects formed by the second embodiment of the present invention enable the interconnection of two or more isolated electrical features included within a single level of a multilevel semiconductor device. For example, as shown in drawing FIG.  28  and drawing FIG. 30, a first isolated transistor  12   a  is electrically connected by the stacked local interconnect structure  80  to a second isolated transistor  12   d . Moreover, as was true with the stacked local interconnect structures formed in the first embodiment of the method of the present invention, the stacked local interconnects formed by the second embodiment do not include multilevel metallization structures, and the fabrication of the stacked local interconnects is accomplished without contact plugs and the disadvantages that accompany the use of contact plugs. Therefore, the second embodiment of the method of the present invention provides a method for forming stacked local interconnects that facilitates the electrical connection of isolated electrical features, while substantially reducing or eliminating the disadvantages associated with known multilevel interconnect structures. 
     Though the second embodiment of the method of the present invention has been described herein in relation to a stacked local interconnect structure including three portions electrically connecting two isolated electrical features, the second embodiment of the method of the present invention is extremely flexible and may be used to electrically connect any desired number of isolated electrical features. 
     Both the first and the second embodiments of the method of the present invention accomplish the interconnection of isolated electrical features without disturbing any unrelated, intervening semiconductor device features. Moreover, the first interconnect formed in the first embodiment and the first portion of the stacked local interconnect formed in the second embodiment protect underlying semiconductor device features from possible damage due to loss of selectivity during subsequent etch steps or due to misalignment of masks used to create the openings used for the second and third interconnects in the first embodiment as well as the second and third portions of the stacked local interconnect of the second embodiment. 
     Because the SAC etch employed to created such openings is selective to the materials used to form the first local interconnect of the first embodiment or the first portion of the stacked local interconnect of the second embodiment, those features underlying the first local interconnect or first portion of the stacked local interconnect will be protected from damage during the SAC etch, even if the patterned masks used in the SAC step are misaligned or out of position. Therefore, where desired, the first local interconnect of the first embodiment of the method of the present invention or the first portion of the stacked local interconnect of the second embodiment of the method of the present invention may be shaped and positioned to specifically protect underlying semiconductor device features from subsequent fabrication steps. Moreover, even where there is no need for a local interconnect or a stacked local interconnect, a protective overlying metallization layer, such as the first local interconnect of the first embodiment or the first portion of the stacked local interconnect of the second embodiment, may be formed over semiconductor device features to be protected by the processes taught herein. Preferably, such a protective overlying metallization layer would be formed where there is an increased likelihood that subsequent etch steps may lose selectivity or where an error in mask formation would otherwise allow damage to underlying semiconductor device features. 
     Though the present invention has been described herein with reference to specific examples, such examples are for illustrative purposes only. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and is, therefore, not limited by the preceding description or the referenced drawings.