Abstract:
The present invention comprises a process for the preparation of compounds that possess an affinity for the cannabinoid receptor in the human brain. These compounds are useful as immunomodulators and psychotropic agents in the treatment of thymic disorders, vomiting, myo-relaxation, various types of neuropathy, memory disorders, dyskinesia, migraine, asthma, epilepsy, glaucoma, anticancer chemotherapy, in ischemia and angina, in orthostatic hypotension and in cardiac distress. More specifically, the present invention comprises a process for the preparation of a series of compounds of formula (I):  
                         
 
in which R 1 -R 7  and W represent various alkyl groups and the derivatives thereof and are more specifically are defined herein.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS  
       [0001]     This application is a continuation of International Application No.  
         [0002]     PCT/FR2005/001155 filed on May 10, 2005 which is incorporated herein by reference in its&#39; entirety which also claims the benefit of priority of French Patent Application No.04/05,057 filed on May 10, 2004.  
       FIELD OF THE INVENTION  
       [0003]     The present invention relates generally to processes for the preparation of pharmaceutical compounds and compositions useful in the treatment of disorders and diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). More specifically, the present invention relates to the preparation of compounds that have a strong affinity for the cannabinoid receptor and which are therefore particularly valuable in the therapeutic areas in which cannabis is known to be involved such as disorders of the immune system, the central nervous system and the cardiovascular or endocrine systems. More specifically, the present invention relates to a novel process for preparing 1,5-diphenylpyrazole-3-carboxylic acid derivatives.  
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
       [0004]     1,5-Diphenyl-4-methylpyrazole-3-carboxylic acid esters are described in particular in European Patent EP 576 357 and U.S. Pat. No.5,624,941 to Barth et. al., both of which are hereby incorporated by reference. These esters are useful intermediates for preparing 1,5-diphenyl-4-methylpyrazole-3-carboxylic acid derivatives that are cannabinoid CB 1  receptor antagonists.  
         [0005]     It has now been found that the pyrazoles formed by the process of the present invention have an excellent affinity for the cannabinoid receptor and are therefore particularly valuable in the therapeutic areas for diseases and disorders in which cannabis is known to be involved.  
         [0006]     The effects of cannabinoids are due to an interaction with specific high-affinity receptors present in the central nervous system (Devane et al., Molecular Pharmacology, 1988, 34, 605-613) and peripheral nervous system (Nye et al., The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 1985, 234, 784-791; Kaminski et al., 1992, Molecular Phannacology, 42, 736-742; Munro et al., Nature, 1993, 365, 61-65).  
         [0007]     Characterization of this receptor has been made possible by the development of specific synthetic ligands such as the agonists WIN 55212-2 (J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 1993, 264, 1352-1363) or CP 55,940 (J. Pharmacol. Exp.  
         [0008]     Ther., 1988, 247, 1046-1051).  
         [0009]     The therapeutic indications of cannabinoids pertain to a variety of areas such as the immune system, the central nervous system and the cardiovascular or endocrine system (Hollister, Pharmacological Reviews, 1986, 38, 1-20, Renv and Sinha, Progress in Drug Research, 1991, 36, 71-114, Cannabinoid receptor expression in human leucocytes, European Journal of Biochemistry, 1993, 214, 173-180.  
         [0010]     More particularly, compounds possessing an affinity for the cannabinoid receptor are useful as immunomodulators and psychotropic agents in treatment of thymic disorders, vomiting, myo-relaxation, various types of neuropathy, memory disorders, dyskinesia, migraine, asthma, epilepsy and glaucoma, in anticancer chemotherapy, in ischemia and angina, in orthostatic hypotension and in cardiac distress.  
         [0011]     More particularly, ethyl 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methylpyazol-3-carboxylate, described in European Patent EP 656 354, is a useful intermediate for preparing N-piperidino-5-4-chlorophenyl)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methylpyrazole-3-carboxamide, generically known as ribonabant.  
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
       [0012]     The present invention comprises a process for the preparation of compounds that possess an affinity for the cannabinoid receptor in the human brain. These compounds are useful as immunomodulators and psychotropic agents in the treatment of thymic disorders, vomiting, myo-relaxation, various types of neuropathy, memory disorders, dyskinesia, migraine, asthma, epilepsy and glaucoma, anticancer chemotherapy, in ischemia and angina, in orthostatic hypotension and in cardiac distress. More specifically, the present invention comprises a process for the preparation of a series of compounds of formula (I):  
                         
 
 in which R 1 -R 7  and W are defined herein.
 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
       [0013]     The subject of the present invention is a process for preparing a series of compounds of formula (I):  
                         
 
 in which: 
        W represents a group —COOR or a radical —CN;     R 1  represents a hydrogen or halogen atom or a (C 1 -C 4 )alkyl group;     R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6  and R 7  each represent, independently of one another a hydrogen or halogen atom or a (C 1 -C 4 )alkyl, (C 1 -C 4 )alkoxy or trifluoromethyl group;     R represents a (C 1 -C 4 )alkyl or benzyl group; characterized in that a phenylboronic acid derivative of formula (II):  
                         
 
 in which R 5 , R 6  and R 7  are as defined for (I), is reacted, in a solvent, in the presence of a catalyst in a basic medium, with a compound of formula (III):  
                         
 
 in which: 
    W, R 1 , R 2 , R 3  and R 4  are as defined for structure (I);     Y represents a (C 1 -C 4 )alkyl group, a (C 1 -C 4 )perfluoroalkyl group or a phenyl group that is unsubstituted or substituted with a methyl, chloro or nitro group.        
 
         [0020]     Particularly, a subject of the present invention is a process for preparing a compound of formula (IA):  
                         
 
 in which: 
        R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7  and R are as defined for a compound of formula (I); 
 
 characterized in that a phenylboronic acid derivative of formula (II) as defined above is reacted, in a solvent, in the presence of a catalyst in a basic medium, with a compound of formula (IIIA):  
                         
 
 in which: 
    Y, R, R 1 , R 2 , R 3  and R 4  are as defined above.        
 
         [0023]     More specifically, the present claimed invention is in particular also a process for preparing a compound of formula (IB):  
                         
 
 in which: 
 
         [0024]     R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6  and R 7  are as defined for a compound of formula (I); characterized in that a phenylboronic acid derivative of formula (II) as defined above is reacted, in a solvent, in the presence of a catalyst in a basic medium, with a compound of formula (IIIB):  
                         
 
 in which: 
 
         [0025]     Y, R 1 , R 2 , R 3  and R 4  are as defined above.  
         [0026]     Preferably, the reaction of a compound of formula (II) with a compound of formula (III), (IIIA) or (IIIB) is carried out in an aromatic solvent, for example toluene, or in an ethereal solvent, for example tetrahydrofuran or dimethoxyethane or in dioxane, in the presence of a palladium complex such as tetra-cis(triphenylphosphine)palladium, and in a basic medium, for example in the presence of an alkali metal carbonate, such as sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate.  
         [0027]     According to a preferred embodiment, the reaction is carried out in a two-phase medium, in the presence of tetra-cis(triphenylphosphine)palladium, the basic medium consisting of sodium carbonate in an aqueous solution.  
         [0028]     According to a preferred process for preparing a compound of formula (I), a phenylboronic acid derivative of formula (II) is reacted with a compound of formula (III) in which Y represents a group CF 3 , namely a compound of formula:  
                         
 
         [0029]     In addition, according to a preferred process for preparing a compound 5 of formula (IA), a phenylboronic acid derivative of formula (II) is reacted with a compound of formula (IIIA) in which Y represents a group CF 3 , namely a compound of formula:  
                         
 
         [0030]     Finally, according to a preferred process for preparing a compound of formula (IB), a phenylboronic acid derivative of formula (II) is reacted with a compound of formula (IIIB) in which Y represents a group CF 3 , namely a compound of formula:  
                         
 
         [0031]     More preferably, 4-chlorophenylboronic acid is reacted with a compound of formula (IIIAa):  
                         
 
         [0032]     Also more preferably, 4-bromophenylboronic acid is reacted with a compound of formula (IIIAb):  
                         
 
         [0033]     Even more preferably, 4-chlorophenylboronic acid is reacted with a compound of formula (IIIBa):  
                         
 
         [0034]     Finally, more preferably, 4-bromophenylboronic acid is reacted with a compound of formula (IIIBb):  
                         
 
         [0035]     The compound of formula (III) is synthesized from a pyrazolone derivative of formula (IV):  
                         
 
         [0036]     In particular, the compound of formula (IIIA) is derived from a pyrazolone derivative of formula (IVA):  
                         
 
         [0037]     Also in particular, the compound of formula (IIIB) is synthesized from a pyrazolone derivative of formula:  
                         
 
         [0038]     To prepare a compound of formula (III), (IIIA) or (IIIB), an anhydride of formula (YSO2) 2 O or a chloride of formula YSO 2 Cl is reacted with a compound of formula (IV), (IVA) or (IVB), the reaction being carried out in the presence of a base, preferably a tertiary amine.  
         [0039]     In particular, the compound of formula:  
                         
 
 is obtained by reaction of triflic anhydride with a pyrazolone derivative of formula:  
                         
 
 in the presence of a base, such as a tertiary amine, and in a solvent, such as dichloromethane. 
 
         [0040]     Also in particular, the compound of formula:  
                         
 
 may also be prepared through the reaction of triflic anhydride with a pyrazolone derivative of formula (IVA):  
                         
 
 in the presence of a base, such as a tertiary amine, and in a solvent, such as dichloromethane. 
 
         [0041]     Finally in particular, the compound of formula:  
                         
 
 may also be synthesized by the reaction of triflic anhydride with a pyrazole derivative of formula (IVB):  
                         
 
 in the presence of a base, such as a tertiary amine, and in a solvent, such as dichloromethane. 
 
         [0042]     Preferably, the compound of formula (III), (IIIA) or (IIIB), in which Y represents CF 3 , is synthesized by the reaction of triflic anhydride with triethylamine in an equimolecular mixture, in dichloromethane, at a temperature of between −5° C. and +5° C.  
         [0043]     The compound of formula (IV):  
                         
 
 may be prepared by the reaction of a hydrazine derivative of formula (V):  
                         
 
 in which R 2 , R 3  and R 4  are as defined for (I), with a derivative of formula (VI):  
                         
 
 in which R, R 1 and W are as defined above for (I). 
 
         [0044]     In particular, the compound of formula (IVA):  
                         
 
 is obtained by reaction of a hydrazine derivative of formula (V) with a derivative of formula (VIA):  
                         
 
         [0045]     Also in particular, the compound of formula (VIB):  
                         
 
 is obtained by the reaction of a hydrazine derivative of formula (V) with a derivative of formula:  
                         
 
         [0046]     Preferably, a hydrazine hydrochloride of formula (V) is used in a solvent, preferably, an acid medium, for example, acetic acid; or in toluene in the presence of hydrochloric acid, acetic acid or trifluoroacetic acid.  
         [0047]     The 3-oxosuccinate derivatives of formula (VI), (VIA) or (VIB) are known or are prepared by known methods such as Claisen condensation of an ester enolate with an oxalic acid ester.  
         [0048]     The compound of formula (IV) can exist in 2 tautomeric forms:  
                         
 
         [0049]     In another embodiment, a subject of the present invention are compounds of formula (III):  
                         
 
 in which: 
        W represents a group —COOR or a radical —CN;     Y represents a (C 1 -C 4 )alkyl group, a (C 1 -C 4 )perfluoroalkyl group or a phenyl group that is unsubstituted or substituted with a methyl-, chloro- or nitro- group;     R 1 represents a hydrogen or halogen atom or a (C 1 -C 4 )alkyl group;     R 2 , R 3  and R 4  each represent, independently of one another, a hydrogen or halogen atom or a (C 1 -C 4 )alkyl, (C 1 -C 4 )alkoxy or trifluoromethyl group;     R represents a (C 1 -C 4 )alkyl or benzyl group.        
 
         [0055]     Preferably, another embodiment of the present invention are compounds of formula:  
                         
 
 in which: 
        Y, R, R 1 , R 2 , R 3  and R 4  are as defined above.        
 
         [0057]     More preferably, yet another embodiment of the present invention are compounds of formula(IIIB):  
                         
 
 in which: 
        Y, R 1 , R 2 , R 3  and R 4  are as defined above.        
 
         [0059]     More preferably, a subject of the present invention is the compound of formula:  
                         
 
         [0060]     Also more preferably, a subject of the present invention is the compound of formula:  
                         
 
         [0061]     Even more preferably, a subject of the present invention is the compound of formula:  
                         
 
         [0062]     Finally more preferably, a subject of the present invention is a compound of formula:  
                         
 
         [0063]     The following examples are disclosed in order to teach one skilled in the art how to more specifically and successfully carry out the processes and embodiments of the present invention. They are for illustrative purposes only, and should not be construed as limiting the spirit and scope of the invention as later delineated and defined by the claims that follow.  
       EXAMPLE 1  
       [0064]     The signals observed in NMR are expressed in The mass 10 spectra are measured in the electrospray (ES) ionization mode. The signals observed in NMR are expressed in the following way: s: singlet; bs: broad singlet; d: doublet; sd: split doublet; t: triplet; st: split triplet; q: quartet; m: unresolved peak; mt: multiplet. 
    A) Preparation of ethyl 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-1 H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate 
 
 Ethyl 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate 
   
 
         [0066]     2,4-dichlorophenylhydrazine hydrochloride(12.6 g) is dissolved in 100 ml of toluene and this solution is placed under nitrogen; after stirring, 10 g of diethyl 2-methyl-3-oxosuccinate are added and the mixture is then heated and 5 ml of TFA are added at 55° C. The mixture is left at the reflux of the solvent for 4 and a half hours, with stirring. The mixture is allowed to return to ambient temperature and is then heated to 75° C. and the reaction medium is hydrolyzed with 30 ml of water. The mixture is separated by settling out, the aqueous phase is discarded and the organic phase is then evaporated in order to eliminate the residual TFA. The organic phase is taken up with 10 ml of toluene and the expected product then crystallizes, m=10.2 g.  
         [0067]     ES − : [M—H] − =313.0.  
         [0068]     NMR (DMSO-d6 1H at 300 MHz): 1.26 ppm: t: 3H; 2.11 ppm: s: 3H;  
         [0069]     4.23 ppm: q: 2H; 7.57 ppm: m: 2H; 7.87 ppm: bs: 1H; 11.04 ppm: bs: 1H. 
    B) Ethyl 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-5-(((trifluoromethyl)sulphonyl)oxy)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate    
 
         [0071]     Pyrazolone (5.0 gm) obtained in the preceding step is suspended in 25 ml of DCM, under nitrogen, and the mixture is cooled to 0° C. with stirring. 2.4 ml of TEA followed by 3 ml of triflic anhydride are added and the stirring is maintained at 0° C. for 15 minutes. The reaction medium is hydrolyzed with 20 ml of DCM. The reaction medium is separated by settling out and the organic phase is then washed with 20 ml of water. The aqueous phase is discarded. The organic phase is evaporated and the oil obtained is chromatographed on silica, elution being carried out with a pentane/EtOAc mixture (90/10; v/v). The fractions containing the expected compound are combined and evaporated to dryness. 6.77 g of the expected product are obtained.  
         [0072]     ES + : [M+Na] + =468.8  
         [0073]     NMR (DMSO-d6 1H at 300 MHz): 1.31 ppm: t: 3H; 2.27 ppm: s: 3H; 4.34 ppm: q: 2H; 7.72 ppm: sd: 1H; 7.79 ppm: d: 1H; 8.04 ppm: d: 1H. 
    C) Ethyl 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate    
 
         [0075]     2.55 g of the pyrazole triflate of the preceding step, 1.08 g of 4-chlorophenylboronic acid and 67 mg of tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium are mixed, under nitrogen; 25 ml of toluene and 7.1 ml of a 2M aqueous sodium carbonate solution are added. The reaction medium is stiited at 65° C. for 6 hours.  
         [0076]     The reaction medium is separated by settling out, the aqueous phase is discarded, and the organic phase is then washed with 10 ml of water. After separation by 3 0 settling out, the organic phase is evaporated off. The product obtained is purified by chromatography on silica, elution being carried out with a cyclohexane/EtOAc mixture (85/15; v/v). 1.890 g of the expected compound are obtained.  
         [0077]     NMR (DMSO-d6 1H at 300 MHz): 1.31 ppm: t: 3H; 2.23 ppm: s: 3H; 4.32 ppm: q: 2H; 7.24 ppm: d: 2H; 7.46 ppm: d: 2H; 7.57 ppm: sd: 1H; 7.73 ppm: d: 1H; 7.77: d: 1H.