Abstract:
A host system sends a web page to a client system via a communications network, and receives inputs from the client system, via the communications network, that include user text inputs to the web page. The inputs are received without receiving from the client system, via the communications network, a user-initiated command that would require saving user inputs to the web page. The host system makes incremental changes to a backup copy of user inputs to the web page, stored at the host system, in accordance with the received inputs. In accordance with detection by the host system of a restart condition for the web page corresponding to prior closure of the web page at the client system, the host system sends the backup copy to the client system for presentation to a user of the client system.

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    The present application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/538,550, filed Nov. 11, 2014, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/414,752, filed on Apr. 28, 2006, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,886,706, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/172,700, filed on Jun. 30, 2005, and which is also a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/094,763, filed on Mar. 31, 2005, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,694,589, all of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties. 
     
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    The present invention relates generally to backup systems, and more specifically to an embedded archiving tool for backing up user-provided data on a server. 
       BACKGROUND 
       [0003]    A wide variety of application programs may be executed on client computers. These include programs that are implemented in a client-server system using a network, such as the World Wide Web, which is also referred to as the Internet. These application programs offer users a broad array of functionality and help users perform complicated tasks and improve their overall productivity. 
         [0004]    Backing up or storing current content that has been provided by users of application programs that are implemented on existing client-server systems, for example, as a locally stored saved-draft file, may be problematic. For example, the application programs may not have the necessary privileges to allow local storage of saved draft files on the client computers. And while saved-draft files may be stored on a server, waiting for a respective user to initiate such archiving may also be challenging. If a service error, such as a network or network interface failure, interrupts such an application program before the saved-draft file has been created, the current content provided by the respective user may be inadvertently lost. 
         [0005]    There is a need, therefore, for an improved backup system for applications programs operating in client-server systems. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0006]    A method of archiving content is described. A web page corresponding to an application program is transmitted to a client computer using a network. The web page includes instructions corresponding to an embedded archiving tool. The embedded archiving tool is to store content provided to the web page by a user. The content is stored on a server remotely located from the client computer when an archiving condition is satisfied. 
         [0007]    The application program may include an electronic messaging program. The application program may include an email application, a text processor, a spread sheet application, a presentation authoring tool, a blog authoring tool, a webpage-based form for entering information to be stored in a server, a web-page authoring tool, and/or an advertising program registration tool. More generally, the method of archiving content, and the archiving tool, can be used in conjunction with virtually any application program that accepts user-edited information. 
         [0008]    The archiving condition may be satisfied when at least a pre-defined time has elapsed since a previous instance of storing content on the server, when at least a pre-determined number of modifications to the content have occurred, and/or when a length of the content increases by at least a pre-defined amount. 
         [0009]    The content may include the content of an electronic message and/or one or more attachments to an electronic message. 
         [0010]    The storing may be delayed if the user has modified the content within at least a preceding time interval and/or if the user is currently attaching one or more attachments to the content. 
         [0011]    The archiving condition may include closing of the application program and/or closing of a browser. 
         [0012]    The stored content may be compressed using a compression algorithm and/or encrypted using an encryption algorithm. 
         [0013]    The instructions in the web page may include performing the storing in response to the user activating a save icon. Storing of the content may include generating a store request, constructing content to be stored on the server (where the content to be stored corresponds to the content in the application program), and/or transmitting the content to be stored to the server. In some embodiments, a copy of the content on the client computer is generated when the store request is generated. 
         [0014]    In some embodiments, the save icon in the web page is highlighted whenever the content includes any modifications not stored on the server, and the highlighting of the save icon is removed whenever the content is stored on the server. 
         [0015]    In some embodiments, the copy of the content is compared to the content to be stored prior to the transmission of the content to be stored. The highlighting of the save icon may be removed only if the copy of the content and the content to be stored are equivalent. 
         [0016]    In some embodiments, a content-saved message is displayed when the user re-starts the application program and/or the browser. In some embodiments, at least a subset of the stored content is reconstructed and presented to the user when a restart condition is detected. 
         [0017]    In another embodiment, a web page corresponding to an application program is received at a client computer using a network. The web page includes executable instructions corresponding to an embedded archiving tool. The embedded archiving tool is to store content provided to the web page by a user. The content is stored on a server remotely located from the client computer when an archiving condition is satisfied. 
         [0018]    One or more embodiments may be implemented as a computer readable storage medium that includes an embedded computer program mechanism. In another embodiment, a computer may include memory, a processor and a program for archiving content. The program for archiving content may correspond to one or more embodiments. The program may be stored in the memory and executed by the processor. In other embodiment, information corresponding to one or more embodiments may be communicated between a server and a client computer using a network. 
         [0019]    The challenges associated with existing archiving approaches may be reduced and/or eliminated by the aforementioned embodiments. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0020]    For a better understanding of the invention, reference should be made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: 
           [0021]      FIG. 1  is a flow diagram illustrating an embodiment of interaction between a client and a server. 
           [0022]      FIG. 2  is a flow diagram illustrating an embodiment of interaction between a client and a server. 
           [0023]      FIG. 3  is a flow diagram illustrating an embodiment of a method of restoring content. 
           [0024]      FIG. 4  is a flow diagram illustrating an embodiment of a method of storing content. 
           [0025]      FIG. 5A  is a block diagram illustrating a message composition form or page of an email application program. 
           [0026]      FIG. 5B  is a block diagram illustrating a message composition form or page of an email application program. 
           [0027]      FIG. 6  is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a server. 
           [0028]      FIG. 7  is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a client computer. 
           [0029]      FIG. 8  is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a server data structure. 
           [0030]      FIG. 9  is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a cookie file. 
       
    
    
       [0031]    Like reference numerals refer to corresponding parts throughout the drawings. 
       DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS 
       [0032]    Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, components, and circuits have not been described in detail so as not to unnecessarily obscure aspects of the embodiments. 
         [0033]    A system and method of archiving user content is disclosed. In some embodiments, an archiving tool is embedded in web-page instructions transmitted from a server to a client computer using a network, such as an intranet and/or the Internet, which is also referred to as the World Wide Web (WWW). When the web-page instructions are rendered by a browser (such as Netscape Navigator™, Internet Explorer™, Firefox™ or Safari™) or a standalone program that displays a structured document such as a web page on the client computer, the embedded archiving tool may be used to archive content provided by the user to an application program via the web page. Thus, the embedded archiving tool may execute in the browser environment, which in this context functions as a virtual machine. 
         [0034]    The application program may be implemented in a client-server system. The application program may include an electronic messaging program. In some embodiments, the application program may include an email application, a text processor, a spread sheet application, a presentation authoring tool, a blog authoring tool, a webpage-based form for entering information to be stored in a server, a web-page authoring tool, and/or an advertising program registration tool. More generally, the method of archiving content, and the archiving tool, can be used in conjunction with virtually any application program that accepts user-edited information. The embedded archiving tool may be written in JavaScript™ (a trademark of Sun Microsystems, Inc.), ECMAScript (the specification for which is published by the European Computer Manufacturers Association International), VBScript™ (a trademark of Microsoft, Inc.) and/or any other client-side scripting language. In other words, the embedded archiving tool includes programs or procedures containing JavaScript, ECMAScript instructions, VBScript instructions, or instructions in another programming language suitable for rendering by the browser or another client application. 
         [0035]    The embedded archiving tool may store content provided to the web page and/or the application program by a user. The content may include the content of an electronic message and/or one or more attachments to an electronic message. The content may be stored on a client computer and/or on a server computer located remotely from the client computer. The storing may include creating or updating one or more archive files. The storing of at least a portion of the content may occur when an archiving condition is satisfied. The archiving condition may include when a user provides or changes the content (for example, after a character is typed on a user interface device such as a keyboard) and/or after a pre-determined time interval (for example, a few seconds, a few tens of seconds or a few minutes) since the user started providing or changing the content. In some embodiments, the archiving condition may be satisfied when a user activates a save icon in the application program, when at least a pre-defined time has elapsed since a previous instance of storing the content (for example, if more than 2 minutes have elapsed since the most recent instance of storing), when at least a pre-defined time has elapsed since a previous instance of modifying the content (for example, if more than 2 minutes have elapsed since the most recent instance of modifying the content), when at least a pre-determined number of modifications to the content have occurred (for example, 100 modifications), when a length of the content increases by at least a pre-defined amount, and/or when the application program and/or browser is closed. For example, the archiving condition is satisfied after 2 minutes since a most recent modification of the content or 100 modifications (e.g., the addition or deletion of 100 characters), which ever comes first. 
         [0036]    In some embodiments, periodic updates to the archive files may be made whenever the user has entered any new content or has modified any of the previously entered content. In some embodiments, the storing may be delayed if the user has modified the content within at least a preceding time interval. For example, if the user has modified the content in the last 2 seconds the storing may be delayed by 2 seconds to prevent archiving while the user is modifying the content. In some embodiments, the storing may be delayed if the user is currently attaching one or more attachments to the content. In some embodiments, a timer that is tracking an elapsed time since a most recent instance of storing may be suspended while the user is attaching an attachment. 
         [0037]    In some embodiments, the one or more archive files may be initially stored on the client computer and at least a subset of the content stored in the one or more archive files may be subsequently stored on the server. In these embodiments, a corresponding subset of the content that was previously stored on the client computer (in the one or more archive files) may be erased, deleted or overwritten when at least the subset of the content is stored on the server. In some embodiments, the one or more archive files may be stored on the client computer and on the server. From a general viewpoint, the archiving tool uses archive files to store user-provided content that may be needed by the user in the future. When user-provided content or information is no longer needed by the user, the content or information in one or more archive files, on the client computer and/or the server, may be deleted. 
         [0038]    When the user has completed providing the content to the application program (for example, a final version of the content is provided) and the user instructs the application program that he or she is finished (for example, the user hits a send button or icon in an email application program), the one or more archive files stored on the client computer and/or the server may be deleted, erased or overwritten. In some embodiments, the one or more archive files may expire, and may be deleted, erased or overwritten, after a certain amount of time (e.g., 24 hours, 168 hours, or a month) has elapsed since the one or more archive files were created or last updated. 
         [0039]    The browser may keep track of which archive files exist and/or which archive files have been created. If the application program and/or the browser is shut down, either intentionally or unintentionally, or communication with the application program and/or the browser is temporarily disrupted (for example, due to a network failure), the one or more archive files may be used to reconstruct and present at least some of the content to the user. For example, if the user restarts the application program (for example, the user attempts to download a web page associated with the application program) and a presence of the one or more archive files is detected, a restart condition is detected and at least some of the content is reconstructed and presented to the user. In some embodiments, the content may be reconstructed on the client computer. In other embodiments, the content may be reconstructed on the server. In other embodiments, the content may be partially reconstructed on the client computer and partially reconstructed on the server. For example, during a restart one or more locally stored archive files may be sent to the server and the server may return a web page or instructions for a web page including the content that was stored in the one or more archive files and/or content that was stored on the server. 
         [0040]    In some embodiments, the deletion of the archive files may not take place until the server positively notifies the client code that the save action has completed successfully. This may happen, for example, when the client issues its next request to the server. 
         [0041]    In some embodiments, the one or more archive files may include cookie files or cookies. The cookie files may include the content provided by the user and/or the user data. The cookie files may be stored locally, i.e., on the client computer. In some embodiments, some or all of the content stored on the server may be stored on the server as cookie files and/or using another file format. 
         [0042]    Typically, cookie files are computer-generated files that are issued to the client computer by a “cookie server,” i.e., a host server, associated with a universal resource locator (URL) either before or while the URL is electronically contacted by the client computer. While cookie files are typically created by a host server, cookie files can also be created and/or updated by a client. For example, the embedded archiving tool may create and store a cookie file directly in a cookie cache of the client computer. The cookie files are transparent and may be automatically enabled by an operating system (such as WINDOWS) without special security privileges. In addition to user cookies, archive files may be implemented using “userData” stores or objects, and other types of data storage files, objects and the like. The term “cookie file” is sometimes used in this document to mean any type of archive file that is used to store user data or backup data associated with a web page or network-implemented application. 
         [0043]    As noted above, the one or more cookie files, and more generally, the archive files, may be generated locally by the embedded archiving tool in a web page. Alternatively, the one or more cookie files and/or archive files may be generated on the server, i.e., the content may be transmitted to the server and the corresponding one or more cookie files and/or archive files may be generated. The resulting cookie files and/or archive files may be stored on the server and/or transmitted back to the client computer for local storage. In some embodiments, cookie files and/or archive files may be stored in memory in the client computer (such as cookie cache) or in data structures other than traditional files, such as records in a database. 
         [0044]    Typically, the browser restricts cookie files based on a name space (such as an Internet protocol address or domain name). As a consequence, in embodiments where the archive files include cookies, the embedded archiving tool may assign a domain name or URL to a respective cookie. In some embodiments, the domain name or URL in the respective cookie may be fictitious, i.e., the domain name or URL may only have meaning to the embedded archiving tool. The one or more cookie files may also include time stamps corresponding to when the content was archived and/or position or location information. The latter may be useful for application programs that have multiple fields in a window or a browser window. (A “window” or “browser window” comprises a virtual graphical display area for viewing a web page, HTML file, extensible markup language or XML file, or the like. A “window” typically corresponds to a “tab” or “window” or the like in various browser programs.) 
         [0045]    Depending on a size of the content, one or more archive files may be used by the embedded archiving tool. (For example, typically, cookie files are restricted to a size of 4 kilobytes.) In some embodiments, additional content is appended to one or more of the archive files, as needed, during archiving. During reconstruction, the embedded archiving tool and/or code executed on the client computer and/or the server may stitch the one or more archive files together and/or arrange corresponding content in an appropriate temporal order or relative spatial position (for example, in a “window”). 
         [0046]    To help reduce a size of one or more archive files, in some embodiments at least a portion of the content may be compressed using a compression algorithm. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the content may be encrypted using an encryption algorithm. This may allow the privacy of the content to be protected, especially if the client computer is used by two or more users. Encryption may include symmetric encryption and/or public key encryption. In embodiments that include encryption, the server may provide a decryption key, as needed, by the embedded archiving tool. 
         [0047]    In some embodiments, the archiving tool is added to a web page by inserting a single instruction (e.g., a JavaScript instruction) into the web page. The inserted instruction loads the archiving tool from the server into the client. In one version of this embodiment, the archiving tool is a general tool that is not specific to any particular web page. When loaded into the client, the tool examines the web page to identify the fields in which a user may enter content, and then tracks and stores content entered into those fields. In other versions, the archiving tool may be customized to a particular web page or family of web pages, so as to eliminate or simplify the task of identifying the fields of the web page in which a user may enter content. 
         [0048]    While the preceding discussion described embodiments where the archiving tool is embedded in a web page, in other embodiments the archiving tool may be resident or installed on the client computer. 
         [0049]    Attention is now directed towards embodiments of an embedded archiving tool for backing up user-provided data.  FIG. 1  is a flow diagram illustrating an embodiment of an information archiving method  100  for storing content, entered by a user into a web page or other online form at a client  112 , on a server  110 . A web page including an embedded archiving tool is transmitted ( 114 ) to the client  112 . The web page including the embedded archiving tool is received ( 116 ) by the client  112 . Whether or not an archiving condition is satisfied is determined ( 118 ). For example, a store icon may be activated by the user. In some embodiments, a store request may be generated when the archiving condition is satisfied. Content to be stored is constructed ( 120 ). A local copy of the content to be stored is optionally generated ( 122 ). The local copy may be optionally stored in one or more cookie files on the client  112 . For example, the local copy of the content is optionally stored in one, two or more cookie files. 
         [0050]    During normal operation, such as when the user performs an action that indicates completion of a web page form, or upon the occurrence of another event, information corresponding to the content is transmitted ( 124 ) to the server  110 . In some embodiments, the information locally stored in one or more cookie files is transmitted to the server  110  when the amount of data stored in the one or more cookie files exceeds a predefined limit or threshold. For instance, this may be done to avoid exceeding a data storage limit associated with the cookie files, and to free up space to store more backup data. 
         [0051]    The information corresponding to the content is received and stored ( 126 ) at the server  110 . In some embodiments, the server  110  sends an acknowledgement of receipt of the information to the client  112 . In some embodiments, the acknowledgement of receipt is not sent until the information has been successfully and durably stored by the server  110 . Upon receiving the acknowledgement, the client  112  may delete one or more cookie files corresponding to the information that has been stored by the server. In some embodiments, the “acknowledgment” may be a cookie file deletion command sent by the server  110  to the client  112 . 
         [0052]    In some embodiments, an instance of operations  124  and  126  may not performed if the user or client  112  closes the web page prior to the content being transmitted to the server  110 , or a failure or other event at the client  112  prevents the browser from sending the content to the server  110 . When any such intervening event occurs, a recovery process is performed, as will be described below with respect to  FIG. 2 . 
         [0053]    The information archiving method  100  may include fewer operations or additional operations. In addition, two or more operations may be combined and/or the order of the operations may be changed. 
         [0054]      FIG. 2  is a flow diagram illustrating an embodiment of a method  200  of recovering archived information. A restart of an application program and/or a browser after a crash or accidental closure is detected ( 210 ). A web page is requested ( 212 ) by a user of the client computer  112 . User verification information is optionally transmitted by the client  112  to the server  110  along with the web page request ( 212 ). The verification information may help prevent one user from accessing content, such as that stored in one or more archive files, corresponding to another user. The verification information may include a user name and/or a user password. The server  110  receives a request for the web page and stored content, as well as optional user verification information ( 214 ). The server  110  transmits the web page, including the embedded archiving tool, and the stored content ( 216 ). The client  112  receives the web page and the stored content ( 218 ). 
         [0055]    In some embodiments the restart condition is detected by the embedded archiving tool, for example, by detecting an existence of one or more cookie files on the client  112  that contain stored or archived content. In other embodiments, the restart condition is detected by the server, either by the existence of one or more archive files on the server  110  and/or by sending a request to the client  112  for cookie files corresponding to a particular URL. In the latter case, if the client  112  responds by sending cookie files with archived content, a restart condition is detected. It should be noted that in embodiments in which the restart condition is detected by the server  110 , a cookie request (if any) would typically be sent to the client  112  prior to sending the web page to the client  112 . 
         [0056]    Once a restart condition is detected, at least a subset of the content stored in the one or more cookie files and/or one or more archive files is reconstructed ( 220 ) and presented ( 222 ) to the user in the context of the web page. In embodiments in which the restart condition is detected by the embedded archiving tool, the reconstructed content is inserted into one or more fields of the web page by the archiving tool. In embodiments in which the restart condition is detected by the server  110 , the reconstructed content is inserted by the server  110  into one or more fields of the web page prior to sending the web page to the client  110 . The archived information recovery method  200  may include fewer operations or additional operations. In addition, two or more operations may be combined and/or the order of the operations may be changed. 
         [0057]      FIG. 3  is a flow diagram illustrating an embodiment of a method  300  of restoring archived information or content. A web page including an embedded archiving tool is received ( 310 - 1 ). Content provided by a user is stored ( 312 ). The stored content may include information that was previously transmitted (on one or more occasions) from the client  112  ( FIGS. 1 and 2 ) to the server  110  ( FIGS. 1 and 2 ). A web page including an embedded archiving tool is received ( 310 - 2 ). For example, the user may request that the web page be down loaded again after a network failure. A restart condition is detected ( 314 ). A restart condition is detected by detecting an existence of one or more cookie files and/or one or more archive files that contain stored content. At least a subset of the stored content is reconstructed and presented ( 316 ). The subset of the stored content may be presented in the web page. In other embodiments, the archived information recovery method  300  may include fewer operations or additional operations. In addition, two or more operations may be combined and/or the order of the operations may be changed. 
         [0058]      FIG. 4  is a flow diagram illustrating an embodiment of a method  500  of storing content. The method may be performed by a client computer and/or a server computer. In some embodiments, portions of the method may be performed at a server while other portions are performed at a client computer. Content provided by a user is received one or more times ( 410 ). For example, the content may be received by a web page having one or more fields for accepting user entered content, and the content may also be received by an archiving tool embedded in the web page or otherwise executing on the client computer. The received content is stored ( 412 ), for instance in one, two or more cookie files. The times at which the received content is stored may vary from one embodiment to another. For instance, in some embodiments, the received content may be optionally stored when at least a pre-determined number of modifications to the content occur ( 414 ); the received content may be optionally stored after a pre-defined time has elapsed since a previous instance of storing the content ( 416 ); and/or the received content may be optionally stored when a length of the content increases by at least a pre-defined amount ( 418 ). In some embodiments, the process of periodically storing received content may enabled whenever the user has entered new content into the web page or has modified previously entered content in the web page. Optionally, the stored content may be compressed ( 420 ) and/or encrypted ( 422 ). The method of storing content  500  may include fewer operations or additional operations. In addition, two or more operations may be combined and/or the order of the operations may be changed. 
         [0059]    Attention is now directed towards user interfaces that may be utilized in some embodiments of an embedded archiving tool for backing up user-provided data.  FIG. 5A  is a block diagram illustrating a message composition form or page of an email application program  500 . The form may be implemented as a web page rendered by a browser or other program at a client computer. Message composition form  500  illustrates a user-entry window for composing an email message, include an addressee field  510 , a “cc field”  512  for identifying one or more individuals or email addresses to be copied, a subject field  514  and a body field  516 . The user-entry window includes multiple control icons, including a send icon  518 , a save draft icon  520 , a cancel icon  522 , a restore icon  524  and/or an attachments icon  526 . If there are modifications to content, such as the content  528 , that are not stored on the server and/or the client computer, the save draft icon  518  may be highlighted. The highlighting may be removed whenever the content is stored on the client computer and/or the server, for example, if the user activates the save draft icon  520 . 
         [0060]    Whenever content from the user is automatically saved, a message, such as “Draft autosaved at 10.15.32 AM” may be displayed. In some embodiments, the save draft icon  520  may be temporarily disabled following an instance of storing the content  528 . In these embodiments, the save draft icon  520  may be temporarily grayed out. If additional changes are made to the content  528 , the save draft icon  520  may be enabled again and its original color may be restored. In some embodiments, a comparison is made between a local stored copy of the content and the content  528  when a reply from the server that confirms that the content  528  has been stored. If the two are equivalent then the save draft icon  520  may be disabled and/or grayed out. In this way, changes to the content  528  that occur after the save draft icon  520  has been activated but before a confirmation reply from the server is received may be identified. If such as change is found, the save draft icon  520  may not be disabled and/or grayed out. 
         [0061]    If the user activates the send icon  518  or the cancel icon  522 , the one or more archive files, such as one or more cookie files, may be deleted, erased or overwritten on the server and/or the client computer. If the user activates the save draft icon  520 , one or more archive files corresponding to content in one or more fields, such as the content  528  in the body field  516 , may be created. Alternatively, the one or more archive files may be created (e.g., by the archiving tool describe above) as content is provided or changed, or at pre-determined time intervals while content is being entered or changed by the user. If the user actives the restore icon  524 , the content stored in the one or more archive files may be reconstructed and presented. The content stored in the one or more archive files may be reconstructed (e.g., by a reconstruction module) and presented if the email application program  500  is restarted before the user activates the send icon  518  or the cancel icon  522 . In some embodiments, the restore icon  524  may be highlighted in the event that the restart condition is detected, such as by the existence of the one or more archive files. 
         [0062]      FIG. 5B  is a block diagram illustrating a message composition form or page of an email application program  550 . Content  562  in the body field  516  includes a content-saved message that is displayed when a user restarts the browser and/or the application program following a crash or accidental closure of the browser and/or the application program. 
         [0063]    Attention is now given to hardware and systems that may utilize and/or implement the embodiments of the embedded archiving tool, such as methods  100 ,  200 ,  300  or  400 , discussed above.  FIG. 6  is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a server  600 . 
         [0064]    The server  600  may include at least one data processor or central processing unit (CPU)  610 , one or more optional user interfaces  614 , a communications or network interface  622  for communicating with other computers, servers and/or clients, memory  624 , and one or more signal lines or communication busses  612  for coupling these components to one another. The user interface  614  may include a display  618 , a keyboard  616  and/or a pointer  620 , such as a mouse, trackball or touch sensitive pad. 
         [0065]    Memory  624  may include high-speed random access memory, such as DRAM, SRAM, DDR RAM or other random access solid state memory devices, and may include non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, optical disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid state storage devices. Memory  624  may optionally include one or more storage devices remotely located from the CPU(s)  610 . Memory  624  may store an operating system  626 , such as LINUX, UNIX or WINDOWS, that includes procedures (or a set of instructions) for handling basic system services and for performing hardware dependent tasks. Memory  624  may also store communication procedures (or a set of instructions) in a network communication module  628 . The communication procedures are used for communicating with clients, such as the client  112  ( FIG. 1 ), and with other servers and computers. 
         [0066]    Memory  624  may also store a web server module (or a set of instructions)  630 , a web-page processor module (or a set of instructions)  632 , a web page  634 , one or more application programs (or sets of instructions)  644 , a user verification module (or a set of instructions)  646 , an optional reconstruction module (or a set of instructions)  648 , and information data storage  650 . The web page  634  may include content information  636  and an archiving tool (or a set of instructions)  638 . The archiving tool  638  may optionally include encryption/decryption module (or a set of instructions)  640  and may optionally include a compression module (or a set of instructions)  642 . The information data storage  650  may include archive data files  652  for one or more users. The reconstruction module  648  may be used to restore content, using information stored in one or more archive files, when a restart condition is detected. 
         [0067]    Although  FIG. 6  shows the server  600  as a number of discrete items,  FIG. 6  is intended more as a functional description of the various features which may be present in the server  600  rather than as a structural schematic of the embodiments described herein. In practice, and as recognized by those of ordinary skill in the art, the functions of the server  600  may be distributed over a number of servers or computers, with various groups of the servers performing particular subsets of those functions. Items shown separately in  FIG. 6  could be combined and some items could be separated. For example, some items shown separately in  FIG. 6  could be implemented on single servers and single items could be implemented by one or more servers. The actual number of servers and how features are allocated among them will vary from one implementation to another, and may depend in part on the amount of information stored by the server  600  and/or the amount data traffic that the server  600  must handle during peak usage periods as well as during average usage periods. 
         [0068]      FIG. 7  is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a client computer or device  700 . The client computer or device  700  includes at least one data processor or central processing unit (CPU)  710 , one or more optional user interfaces  714 , a communications or network interface  722  for communicating with other computers, servers and/or clients, memory  724  and one or more signal lines and/or communication busses  712  for coupling these components to one another. The user interface  714  may have one or more keyboards  716 , a pointer device  720  such as mouse, trackball or touch sensitive pad, and/or one or more displays  718 . 
         [0069]    Memory  724  may include high-speed random access memory, such as DRAM, SRAM, DDR RAM or other random access solid state memory devices, and may include non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, optical disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid state storage devices. Memory  724  may optionally include one or more storage devices remotely located from the CPU(s)  710 . Memory  724  may store an operating system  726 , such as LINUX, UNIX or WINDOWS, that includes procedures (or a set of instructions) for handling basic system services and for performing hardware dependent tasks. Memory  724  may also store communication procedures (or a set of instructions) in a network communication module  728 . The communication procedures are used for communicating with the server  600  ( FIG. 6 ) or any specified website or URL accessible to the client computer or device  700 . 
         [0070]    Memory  724  may also include a browser or browser tool module  730  (or a set of instructions). The browser  730  may be used to render various web pages, including a web page having an embedded web-page archiving tool. As discussed elsewhere in this document, the web-page archiving tool may be embedded in one or more web pages received from a remote server and rendered by the browser or browser tool module  730 . In some clients, the browser  730  may render the web page  634 . The web page  634  may include the content information  636  and the archiving tool (or a set of instructions)  638 . The archiving tool  638  may optionally include an encryption/decryption module (or a set of instructions)  640  and may optionally include a compression module (or a set of instructions)  642 . 
         [0071]    Memory  724  may also include an optional user verification module (or a set of instructions)  646 , an optional change log  732 , one or more applications programs (or a set of instructions)  734 , an optional reconstruction module (or a set of instructions)  736 , and cookie information data storage  738 . The cookie information data storage  738  may include one or more cookies  740 . The change log  732  may be used to track changes to the one or more stored archive files, such as cookies  740 - 1  and  740 - 2 , and/or to roll-back a recent change to the content, i.e., to restore a previously stored version of the content. For instance, the change log  732  may include multiple entries, each having a time stamp, a cookie file name or identifier, and optionally information indicating content changes associated with the change log entry. The reconstruction module  736  may be used to restore content, using information stored in one or more archive files, when a restart condition is detected. 
         [0072]    In embodiments where the client computer or device  700  is coupled to the server  600  ( FIG. 6 ), one or more of the modules and/or applications in memory  724  may be stored in the server  600  ( FIG. 6 ) at a different location than the user. In particular, in some embodiments the web-page  634 , including the content information  636  and the archiving tool  638 , and/or the user verification module  646  may be contained in either the server  600  ( FIG. 6 ) and/or the client computer or device  700 . Similarly, the reconstruction module  736  may be located at the server  600  instead of the client computer or device  700 , in which case reconstruction of the user entered content is performed at the server  600  based on user provided content (if any) saved at the server and user provided content in cookie files retrieved from the client computer or device  700  and/or archive files in the server  600  ( FIG. 6 ). 
         [0073]    Each of the above identified modules and applications corresponds to a set of instructions for performing one or more functions described above. These modules (i.e., sets of instructions) need not be implemented as separate software programs, procedures or modules. The various modules and sub-modules may be rearranged and/or combined. Memory  724  may include additional modules and/or sub-modules, or fewer modules and/or sub-modules. Memory  724 , therefore, may include a subset or a superset of the above identified modules and/or sub-modules. 
         [0074]    Attention is now given to data structures that may be utilized in conjunction with the embedded archiving tool and the related hardware discussed above.  FIG. 8  is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a server data structure  800 . The data structure  800  may include a plurality of archive files  810  that include user data. A respective archive file, such as archive file  810 - 2 , may include a URL pattern  812 , a user ID  814 , and one or more pairs of data. A respective pair of data may include position information  816 - 1  and content  818 - 1 . In some embodiments, the data structure  800  may include fewer or additional elements, two or more elements may be combined, and/or a position of one or more elements may be changed. 
         [0075]      FIG. 9  is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a cookie file  900 , which may be stored on a client computer and/or a server. The cookie file  900  may include multiple entries, including a URL pattern  910 , a user identification  912 , and/or one or more entries including position information (for example, for a respective field in a web page or window)  914  and content  916 . The cookie file  900  may also include one or more time stamps corresponding to the content  916  and/or one or more name (or attribute)-value pairs. In some embodiments, the cookie file  900  may include fewer or additional elements, two or more elements may be combined, and/or a position of one or more elements may be changed. 
         [0076]    The foregoing descriptions of specific embodiments of the present invention are presented for purposes of illustration and description. They are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Rather, it should be appreciated that many modifications and variations are possible in view of the above teachings. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and its practical applications, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention and various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.