Abstract:
The invention relates to power plants which are based on the internal combustion engines (ICE) and can be used in vehicles: planes, cars, tractors, vessels, including boats, etc., as well as stationary and mobile power plants. Among positive effects which are reached by the invention,—improvement of charge-air cooling, and characteristics of charge-air-coolers. For this purpose charge-air direct, for example, to a tubular frame of the power plant. Another section of the tubular frame connected to the intake manifold of the engine. Passing through the hollow frame, charge-air is cooled. 
     Thus without any special intercooler cooling of the charge air is reached. If the hollow frame is part of the aircraft, it is blown by air and charge-air is well cooled.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0001]    The invention relates to power plants with internal combustion engines, and can be used in vehicles: cars, planes, tractors, vessels, including boats, etc., as well as stationary and portable engines. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    Prototype of the present invention is the standard arrangement of the engine and its units at power plant. Thus arrangement used at the majority of cars, planes and other vehicles and stationary machines. In the above mentioned vehicles and stationary machines there are enough hollow elements some of which are listed below. Many big and/or prestigious cars, as well as tractors, construction equipment, etc. have bumpers (and other protections for real protection against impact or decorative) in the form of tubes of big diameter. Many vehicles and planes have hollow elements: wings, body sill, pillars and frames of a body, an axis, etc. The, car, plane, tractor, locomotive, ship, bicycle, the power generator with ICE (including current generator for hand tool, compressor, etc.), construction equipment, etc.—often have a hollow frame, a support with hollow element, etc. 
         [0003]    At a motor saw (generally chainsaw for cutting of trees, etc.), mower, lawn-mower hollow elements can be handle or frame. 
         [0004]    In the most of power plants not hollow elements, for example, not hollow frames can be replaced by corresponding hollow inside elements. 
         [0005]    Cooling devices considerably increase dimensions and weight of power plant. Air blow-off these cooling devices requires energy. At parts of planes, radiators are blown by air stream that increases rolling resistance to plane movement, therefore increases energy consumption. 
         [0006]    Heat-exchange surfaces of hollow elements of a design in known power plants aren&#39;t used for cooling of charge-air, cooling liquid, oil of lubrication system and oil of engine oil cooling system. For stationary and portable power plant it is convective transfer. And for vehicles—is a heat exchange with air which blows in the external surfaces of hollow elements of a design when driving vehicles. 
         [0007]    It is means that the natural blowing happening without additional power consumption isn&#39;t used. 
         [0008]    At ships, including boat (at known arrangement of motor in the power plant) the heat exchange of hollow elements directly with surrounding water isn&#39;t used, for example, heat exchange of hollow elements, which is a part of boards of a vessel, isn&#39;t used. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0009]      FIG. 1  schematically represents the plane with a piston internal combustion engine. There are shown the hollow frame passing around the fuselage. The tail fixed to the frame. 
           [0010]      FIG. 2  shows: a longitudinal section of the hollow frame, the four-cylinder engine with a turbocharger, the exhaust gas flow from the exhaust valves to the turbine (black arrows), the charge-air flow (white arrows). 
           [0011]      FIG. 3  shows the tube being a hollow element of a design and using for separation and cooling of an air-oil mixture, which cooled an internal surface of a rotor and lubricated gears of Wankel engine. In the tube disks with slots are established. These disks help separation of oil and cooling of the air-oil mixture. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0012]      FIGS. 1 and 2  illustrate the use of offered arrangement of ICE for cooling the charge-air in the plane with a piston engine. The engine  1  rotates the propeller  2 . Each of four cylinders of the engine has intake and exhaust valves. Intake valves of four cylinders in  FIG. 2  are numbered:  3 ,  4 ,  5 ,  6 . Exhaust valves of four cylinders in  FIG. 2  are numbered:  7 ,  8 ,  9 ,  10 . 
         [0013]    The exhaust valves  7 ,  8 ,  9 ,  10  are connected to the turbine  11  of the turbocharger  12 . The compressor  13  of this turbocharger is connected by an outlet branch pipe with the hollow element of the plane, namely, to the hollow frame  14  passing round a fuselage. The intake manifold of the engine is connected with this hollow frame. Specifically, the internal cavity of the frame  14  connected with the engine intake valves by branches  15 ,  16 ,  17 ,  18  of the intake manifold: the branch  15  connects the internal cavity of the frame  14  with the intake valve  3 , the branch  16 —with the intake valve  4 , the branch  17 —with the intake valve  5 , the branch  18 —with the intake valve  6 . 
         [0014]    The internal cavity of the frame  14  is divided by the partition  19  which serves for the direction of movement of charge-air. 
         [0015]    To intensify the heat exchange the internal surface of the frame has to be supplied with ribs or other well-known elements intensifies the heat transfer. Use of a spiral, partitions and other details improving a heat transfer from air to walls of the frame is possible. For increase the heat transfer from the external surface of the frame, it can be supplied with the edges parallel to the axis of the plane. 
         [0016]    Combustion products from the exhaust valves  7 ,  8 ,  9 ,  10  flow into the turbine  11 . In  FIG. 2  this flow of products of combustion is shown by black arrows. The turbine  11  rotates the compressor  13  which boosts air to the frame  14  (to the internal cavity of this frame). Due to the partition  19 , charge-air (its flow is shown by white arrows) before admission in the intake manifold passes (in length, in extent) the most part, of the hollow frame. Along this way charge-air is cooled, adjoining with cold walls of the frame. (Or it is adjoining with cold walls of the frame and the additional details intensifying the heat transfer from the air to the walls of the frame.) The cooled air flow from the frame through branches  15 ,  16 ,  17 ,  18  of intake manifold into the intake valves respectively  3 ,  4 ,  5 ,  6 . Then the ordinary working cycle of ICE with turbocharging and intercooling of charge-air is carried out. Similarly the cooling of the charge-air when using such hollow elements of the plane as: the wings, tail, landing gear, other frames, in particular, an engine frame, tubes, which connect the wings and tail plane (twin-boom fuselage), the fuselage, etc. 
         [0017]    Charge-air cooling in other vehicles is carried out in the same way as in the planes. 
         [0018]    Charge-air boosts into hollow elements of cars, motorcycles, tractors, locomotives, bicycles, construction equipment, ships or other vehicles or stationary machines and portable engines: electric power-generators, hand tool, compressors, mowing machines, lawn-mowers, saw, etc. As hollow elements of designs used: bumpers (and other protections for real protection against shock or decorative), car fenders or fenders of the other abovementioned machines, body sills, flashes, body frames, hollow axes, elements for support and protection of stationary ICE, etc. In these cases fenders of the car and other above-mentioned and similar details and parts made so that they have a cavity inside, for example, in the form of boxes, tubes, pipes. 
         [0019]    Use of hollow elements of a design of power plant for cooling of oil and liquid of the cooling system of the engine is absolutely similar. Place of an exit of hot cooling liquid or hot oil by an output branch pipe connects to a hollow element of a design. 
         [0020]    Other place of the hollow element of a design connects, to the inlet of cooling liquid (coolant, cooled liquid) to the engine, for example, to the inlet branch pipe of the engine cooling system or to the inlet of the lubrication system and/or oil cooling system of the engine. Cooling liquid or oil flow through the hollow element(hollow elements) of the design, therefore cooling without radiator installation or radiator reduction are reached. 
         [0021]    In the version of the rotary engine and, in particular, in Wankel engine oil or/and air-oil mixture as a coolant delivers on inside surface of the rotor (rotor-piston). Under the inside surface the lateral cylindrical surface of a circular-hole in the rotor and/or a tooth-gearing on the inside of the rotor (rotor-piston) means. Under the oil delivers is meant: oil injection on the internal surface of the rotor or supply to the rotor internal surface oil-air mixture (oil mist) or lubrication oil running off. Then the oil or/and air-oil mixture is taken away from the engine for the subsequent cooling in the power plant&#39;s hollow elements. 
         [0022]    In turbocharged engines at high loadings the waste gate bypasses exhaust gases, i.e. part of exhaust gases throws out. In version of the present invention energy of these gases is used. For example, this energy is used for the organization of flow of the cooling oil-air mixture or air through the internal cavity of the rotor. In particular, this energy is used for ejection of the air-oil mixture or air cooling the rotor. For this purpose the ejector which connects to the internal cavity of the rotor and waste gate channel is installed. Thus without special expenses of energy, due to energy of thrown-out exhaust gases, flow of the air-oil mixture or air and respectively cooling of the internal surface of the rotor is carried out. 
         [0023]    For reduction of oil losses, devices for separation oil from air and for the oil return to the lubrication system and/or to system of oil-cooling of the rotor are installed in the power plant&#39;s hollow elements. As oil separation devices, for example, standard centrifugal separators of oil can be used. 
         [0024]    Devices for separation of oil can combine functions of separation and improvement the heat transfer from oil to the walls of the power plant hollow elements. In  FIG. 3  is shown the simplest version of such device. In the horizontal tube  20  are mounted round disks, three of which:  21 ,  22 ,  23  are shown in  FIG. 3 . In the disks are cut out in turn the first (disks  21 ,  23 ) and second (disk  22 ) quadrants and the groove  24  are cut through in the disks bottom. The air-oil mixture from the internal cavity of the rotor is supplied into the tube  20 . Movement of the air-oil mixture in  FIG. 3  shows with white arrows. During flow through the cut-out parts of disks the flow direction of the mixture changes and oil separates. The oil then flows down to the bottom of the tube and through the grooves  24  and the bottom of the tube drain downs in the oil tank located below the tube. At the same time due to heat exchange with the cold disks and tube wall oil is cooled. 
         [0025]    The air-oil mixture supply from under piston space or from internal cavity of the rotor into the hollow elements of the power plant can be carried out by many methods and devices. For example, the air-oil mixture can be sucked away by the centrifugal compressor (through its inlet branch pipe) from the internal cavity of the rotor and (through exhaust branch pipe of the same compressor) boosts the air-oil mixture into the power plant&#39;s hollow elements. In the last the mixture is cooled and separated, air is taken away from the power plant hollow elements outside, and the separated oil comes back to system of lubrication and/or cooling of the engine oil. 
         [0026]    Air or air-oil mixture can be supplied into the internal cavity of the rotor variously: by wind blast at vehicle movement, by the supercharger compression or the fan, by the compressor given to rotation by the turbine (turbocharger) which rotates by exhaust gases, etc. 
         [0027]    In case of use of the turbine it is possible to use in the turbine that part of exhaust gases which on the high loads is bypassed around the turbocharger&#39;s turbine through the waste gate.