Abstract:
A method of authentication includes the steps of providing a transaction service provider having a secure server; providing a user; requesting access authorization to the server of the service provider by the user, the server storing a set of use parameters obtained from the authorization access request, the use parameters including at least several prior location coordinates, methods of access, transaction information and access hardware used during the authentication to be used by the transaction service provider in subsequent requests by the user to access the server, the use parameters used in the authentication to be continually updated with the most recent data.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention relates generally to the field of user authentication for system access, and more particularly to a multifactor authentication having changing unique values. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Payment transaction processing systems, like other electronic data processing systems, are susceptible to fraud. Such fraud can cause problems to users of such systems, often compromising sensitive information and promoting distrust of such systems. Such fraud also imposes additional costs on the entities dependent on the system, such as banks, credit card companies, online retail stores, etc. who bear the brunt of the fraud. Although fraud detection and prevention mechanisms are in place, improvements to the security of such systems pay for themselves by preventing additional fraudulent practices. 
     If a user typically shops in a particular area, a purchase several thousand miles away can flag the system to a possible fraudulent transaction. Similarly, if the user typically uses a credit card only for gasoline purchases, if the card is used to purchase an expensive plasma screen TV, the transaction can again flag the system. In general, modern systems use various data points to develop a trustworthiness score for the transaction. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 5,629,981 (Nerlikar) discloses a system and method of attaching transaction location information to a secure transaction, but this information is not used in authenticating a user to access the system to enter the secure transaction. Nerlikar relies exclusively on a RFID tag to determine location. Nerlikar teaches transmission of a transaction with authenticated receipt based on location, but not authenticating a user based on correlation of locations of previous transactions. 
     U.S. Published Patent Application No. 2006/0253894 (Bookman et. al.) discloses a secure mobile computing platform which bases authentication on a selected trust model, but does not authenticate a user based on correlation with previous times and locations of transactions. 
     U.S. Published Patent Application No. 2007/0174082 (Singh) discloses an authentication system and method which uses location data to generate a location score providing a confidence value for authentication. There is no mention of a combination of time and location data correlated with a history stored on an application server and a transaction client. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Briefly stated, a method of authentication includes the steps of providing a transaction service provider having a secure server; providing a user; requesting access authorization to the server of the service provider by the user, the server storing a set of use parameters obtained from the authorization access request, the use parameters including at least several prior location coordinates, methods of access, transaction information and access hardware used during the authentication to be used by the transaction service provider in subsequent requests by the user to access the server, the use parameters used in the authentication to be continually updated with the most recent data. 
     According to an embodiment of the invention, a method for multifactor authentication having changing unique values includes the steps of: (a) maintaining an access history database of transactions made by a user; (b) maintaining a client device history log on an input device; (c) receiving a request for a transaction from the input device; (d) causing the input device to select a subset from the client device history log; (e) sending the subset along with the request to an authentication server; (f) comparing the subset to the access history database; (g) proceeding with the transaction when a match is found between the subset and the access history database; and (h) terminating the transaction when no match is found between the subset and the access history database. 
     According to an embodiment of the invention, a computer program product for multifactor authentication having changing unique values includes a computer readable medium; first program instructions to maintain an access history database of transactions made by a user; second program instructions maintain a client device history log on an input device; third program instructions to receive a request for a transaction from the input device; fourth program instructions to cause the input device to select a subset from the client device history log; fifth program instructions to send the subset along with the request to an authentication server; sixth program instructions to compare the subset to the access history database; seventh program instructions to proceed with the transaction when a match is found between the subset and the access history database; eighth program instructions to terminate the transaction when no match is found between the subset and the access history database; wherein said first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, and eighth program instructions are stored on said computer readable media. 
     According to an embodiment of the invention, a system which performs multifactor authentication with changing unique values includes an access history database of transactions made by a user; a client device history log on an input device; means for receiving a request for a transaction from the input device; means for causing the input device to select a subset from the client device history log; means for sending the subset along with the request to an authentication server; means for comparing the subset to the access history database; means for proceeding with the transaction when a match is found between the subset and the access history database; and means for terminating the transaction when no match is found between the subset and the access history database. 
     The invention is generally related to user authentication for system access to secure transactions. The invention is specifically related to authentication criteria consisting of the combination of static identification data (account, password, input device serial number, biometric identification) and dynamic data (GPS location, date, time) unique to the user&#39;s prior transaction history. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  shows a overview of the system used to authenticate a transaction according to an embodiment of the invention. 
         FIG. 2  shows a flow chart of the authentication process according to an embodiment of the present invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     In general, the invention is a system of authenticating a potential user of a secure transaction based on the history of parameters (time, method, and location coordinates) of prior transactions. When a new account is established, the user&#39;s devices can be registered with the system and seeded with a randomized list of pseudo-history of transactions known both to the client device and the secure server. The secure transaction service provider then maintains a database of account ID numbers, access dates, access times, access methods (i.e., information identifying the user&#39;s cell phone, PDA, or web access from a specific computer), transaction times, and transaction locations via GPS signals. 
     A valid user is able to specify his account ID and perhaps a password from a specific device, so the user can be authenticated by comparing the history of prior transactions (date/time and location) which have been made from the specific device. Thus, unauthorized access from other devices which do not retain any history of transaction parametric data are not possible. 
     For example, a hacker can acquire traditional account credentials through keylogging, eavesdropping, or screen shot techniques. These compromised account credentials are useless to access the account from any other device, which presumably would not contain any history of prior transactions. 
     As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, the present invention may be embodied as a system, method or computer program product. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment (including firmware, resident software, micro-code, etc.) or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects that may all generally be referred to herein as a “circuit,” “module” or “system.” Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied in any tangible medium of expression having computer-usable program code embodied in the medium. 
     Any combination of one or more computer usable or computer readable medium(s) may be utilized. The computer-usable or computer-readable medium may be, for example but not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, device, or propagation medium. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of the computer-readable medium would include the following: an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a transmission media such as those supporting the Internet or an intranet, or a magnetic storage device. Note that the computer-usable or computer-readable medium could even be paper or another suitable medium upon which the program is printed, as the program can be electronically captured, via, for instance, optical scanning of the paper or other medium, then compiled, interpreted, or otherwise processed in a suitable manner, if necessary, and then stored in a computer memory. In the context of this document, a computer-usable or computer-readable medium may be any medium that can contain, store, communicate, propagate, or transport the program for use by or in connection with the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The computer-usable medium may include a propagated data signal with the computer-usable program code embodied therewith, either in baseband or as part of a carrier wave. The computer usable program code may be transmitted using any appropriate medium, including but not limited to wireless, wireline, optical fiber cable, RF, etc. 
     Computer program code for carrying out operations of the present invention may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including an object oriented programming language such as Java, Smalltalk, C++ or the like and conventional procedural programming languages, such as the “C” programming language or similar programming languages. The program code may execute entirely on the user&#39;s computer, partly on the user&#39;s computer, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the user&#39;s computer and partly on a remote computer or entirely on the remote computer or server. In the latter scenario, the remote computer may be connected to the user&#39;s computer through any type of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or the connection may be made to an external computer (for example, through the Internet using an Internet Service Provider). 
     The present invention is described below with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems) and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks. 
     These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function/act specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks. 
     The computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide processes for implementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks. 
     Referring to  FIG. 1 , a user  10  inputs a secure transaction request via an input device  12 , which could be a PDA, cell phone, dedicated machine, etc. Input device  12  sends an authentication request to access services to an administrative server  14  along with a subset (i.e., some or all) of the transaction history from the client device history log which is kept at input device  12 , either in memory or in a direct access storage device. Before the transaction is processed on behalf of the user, the access attempt is authenticated. The authentication request typically contains usual security data such as password and account identification, and may include additional security data in the form of biometric identification such as a thumbprint. 
     Administrative server  14  passes the authentication request on to an authentication server  24 , which handles authenticating the request. Authentication server  24  receives the request for authentication along with the subset of the transaction history on input device  12 . Authentication server  24  compares the subset to the user&#39;s access history from an access history database  16  maintained by administrative server  14 . If the input device  12  subset matches the access history database  16  in administrative server  14 , the request is authenticated, and the administrative server  14  instructs a transaction server  18  to proceed with the transaction as shown in block  22 . Transaction server  18  also ensures that the transaction history, e.g., the record date, time, location, device ID, and transaction ID, is recorded in both a transaction history database  20  and in the client device history log in input device  12 . 
     Transaction server  18  could be on the same computer as authentication server  24 , or could be an entirely different computer at a different location. That is, two applications (authentication and transaction processing) could be running on the same computer, or the two applications could each be running on their own computer, in which case the transaction is transmitted from authentication server  24  to transaction server  18  via administrative server  14 . 
     The role of administration server  14  is to execute an application which determines if a transaction request is authorized. A common example would be a bank balance inquiry transaction request which first needs to pass a verification operation carried out by an application on an authentication server. The transaction request is attached to the account and PIN entered by the user requesting the transaction. Before the transaction is processed, the authentication server must verify that the identification credentials supplied are sufficient to proceed with the transaction. 
     Referring to  FIG. 2 , a method according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. In step  30 , a user requests authentication from admin server  14  using input device  12  having transaction history in memory or direct access storage devices. In step  32 , a subset (all or some) of transaction history on this device is selected. In step  34 , the authentication request and transaction history are transmitted to admin server  14 . In step  36 , authentication server  24  receives the access history database  16  from admin server  14 . In step  38 , authentication server  24  determines if the input device transaction history matches the admin server history, and if not, in step  40  the authentication fails, an error message is sent and the attempt is logged. If the request is authenticated in step  38 , then in step  42 , the transaction proceeds, after which the database  16  is updated in step  44  and the input device history log in input device  12  is updated. 
     Referring also to Tables 1 and 2, below, an example of an embodiment of the present invention is shown. An Authentication request to access services on www.chase.com is made from device with serial number 7003021, account waynedelia, password &lt;passwd&gt;, biometric identification &lt;thumbprint&gt;. A subset of previous access transactions for Chase Bank, Inc. are extracted from the client device history log file (Table 1) and transmitted to the Chase authentication server. Comparison of the records from the client device history log with the authentication server master database (access history database  16 ) determines authentication. Table 2 shows an example of the records in access history database  16 . 
     The method of the present invention prevents unauthorized use as follows: Compromised primary authentication access parameters (i.e. account/password or biometric info) entered through another device by a hacker, eavesdropper, etc. are restricted because the invalid input device does not match the expected transaction history subset with the previous transaction date, time, and location stored on the authentication server. 
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Device Transaction History Log File (encrypted) on client input device. 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Service 
                 Service 
               
               
                 Account 
                 Passwd 
                 Biometric ID 
                 Date 
                 Time 
                 Loc 
                 Type 
                 Location 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 waynedelia 
                 &lt;passwd&gt; 
                 &lt;thumb print&gt; 
                 2008.10.01 
                 15:32 
                 &lt;loc&gt; 
                 Transfer 
                 www.chase.com 
               
               
                 waynedelia 
                 &lt;passwd&gt; 
                 &lt;thumb print&gt; 
                 2008.10.05 
                 08:17 
                 &lt;loc&gt; 
                 Withdraw 
                 www.chase.com 
               
               
                 Deliaw 
                 &lt;passwd&gt; 
                 &lt;thumb print&gt; 
                 2008.10.07 
                 12:25 
                 &lt;loc&gt; 
                 Inquiry 
                 www.hvfcu.org 
               
               
                 waynedelia 
                 &lt;passwd&gt; 
                 &lt;thumb print&gt; 
                 2008.10.12 
                 14:05 
                 &lt;loc&gt; 
                 Deposit 
                 www.chase.com 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Authentication History Log Table (encrypted) on service provider&#39;s 
               
               
                 administration server database for service provider Chase Bank, Inc. 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Device 
                   
                   
                 Biometric 
                   
                   
                   
                 Service 
                 Service 
               
               
                 ID 
                 Account 
                 Passwd 
                 ID 
                 Date 
                 Time 
                 Loc 
                 Type 
                 Location 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 7003021 
                 waynedelia 
                 &lt;passwd&gt; 
                 &lt;thumb 
                 2008.10.01 
                 15:32 
                 &lt;loc&gt; 
                 Transfer 
                 www.chase.com 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 print&gt; 
               
               
                 7003021 
                 waynedelia 
                 &lt;passwd&gt; 
                 &lt;thumb 
                 2008.10.05 
                 08:17 
                 &lt;loc&gt; 
                 Withdraw 
                 www.chase.com 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 print&gt; 
               
               
                 6453827 
                 edkelley 
                 &lt;passwd&gt; 
                 &lt;thumb 
                 2008.10.08 
                 07:13 
                 &lt;loc&gt; 
                 Withdraw 
                 www.chase.com 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 print&gt; 
               
               
                 7003021 
                 waynedelia 
                 &lt;passwd&gt; 
                 &lt;thumb 
                 2008.10.12 
                 14:05 
                 &lt;loc&gt; 
                 Deposit 
                 www.chase.com 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 print&gt; 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     While the present invention has been described with reference to a particular preferred embodiment and the accompanying drawings, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the preferred embodiment and that various modifications and the like could be made thereto without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the following claims.