Abstract:
In a method for monitoring a functionality of a first and a second component of a motor vehicle the requirements for the monitoring are as follows: for a valid monitoring of the first component a predetermined operating condition of the motor vehicle must exist; for a valid monitoring of the second component the first component must be functioning properly. According to the method according to the invention, upon impending travel, taking into account navigation data of a navigation assistance system, it is determined whether the prescribed operating condition is expected to exist.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is the U.S. National Stage of International Application No. PCT/EP2012/001214, filed Mar. 20, 2012, which designated the United States and has been published as International Publication No. WO 2012/130403 and which claims the priority of German Patent Application, Serial No. 10 2011 015 396.9, filed Mar. 29, 2011, pursuant to 35 U.S.C. 119(a)-(d). 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The invention relates to a method for monitoring a functionality of a first and a second component of a motor vehicle. For the monitoring the following relationships exist: for a valid monitoring of the first component a predefined operating condition of the motor vehicle has to be established. For a valid monitoring of the second component the first component has to be functional. The invention also relates to a motor vehicle with a monitoring device for the two components and with a navigation assist device. Components in this context relate in particular to those of emission-lowering devices of the motor vehicle. 
     In a motor vehicle for example an passenger car it can be provided that the functionality of individual components is regularly monitored by a monitoring device. Thus, an electronic motor control unit of the motor vehicle can be configured to monitor a catalytic converter of the motor vehicle as to whether its oxygen storage capacity is still sufficiently high. For this, a residual oxygen content of an exhaust gas that flows through the catalytic converter can be measured by means of a lambda-probe which is arranged downstream of the catalytic converter. The problem in such a monitoring is that in case of an unrecognized defect of the lambda-probe erroneous measurement values that nevertheless appear plausible, can lead to the fact that a defect of the catalytic converter remains unrecognized by the motor control unit. This can lead to an increased emission of contaminants, which is only recognized when the motor vehicle is examined in a repair shop. 
     In conjunction with emission-lowering devices of a motor vehicle such as a catalytic converter or an exhaust gas recirculation, the automatic monitoring of the components of these devices by the motor vehicle is mandated by law in some countries. In the European Union such a monitoring device is referred to as European On Board Diagnosis (EOBD). In the US, some states already to date require to equip a motor vehicle with an interface by which a diagnosis device for example in case of a street control can read out actual measuring values of the monitoring device at any time. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     In order to avoid misdiagnosis with regard to a defined component due to a defective measuring probe, a defective valve or another defective part which interacts with the component, measurements regarding a component are in some cases only recognized as a valid when the measuring probe etc. is also monitored and is determined to be functional. 
     A monitoring of a component however is not always possible. Thus a useful monitoring of the above-mentioned lambda probe requires that the engine of the motor vehicle was operated at least once with a lean fuel mixture (λ&gt;1) and once with a rich (λ&lt;1) fuel mixture. Also a component to be monitored often has to have a defined operating temperature before it can be appropriately tested. 
     A problem can arise in this context when a motor vehicle is regularly only used for drives in which such operating conditions for the monitoring of a first component are only established at the end of the drive. In this case it is not possible to subsequently monitor a second component, whose monitoring requires that the functionality of the first component is verified. Thus, the second component remains unmonitored over longer periods of time. 
     From DE 10 2000 903-8110 A1 a method for managing an exhaust gas post-processing system in a vehicle with a catalytic converter device is known. According to the method a digital card is monitored through which a predicted operating condition is provided on a driving route. The operation of the catalytic converter device is controlled based on a predicted exhaust gas temperature profile. 
     Object of the present invention is to enable monitoring of components of a motor vehicle as frequently as possible. 
     The object is solved by a method for monitoring a functionality of a first and a second component of a motor vehicle, including determining for a forthcoming drive whether a first operating condition of the motor vehicle will be established by taking into account navigation data which provide information regarding a driving course, wherein a valid monitoring of the first component requires that the first operating condition of the motor vehicle is established and a valid monitoring of the second component requires the functionality of the first component, and a motor vehicle including a navigation device constructed for determining driving course data that relate to a drive; and a monitoring device which is configured to check a functionality of a first and a second component of the motor vehicle, wherein the monitoring device is configured to receive the driving course data from the navigation device, to determine in dependence on the driving course data whether a possibility for monitoring the first component during the drive will be established, and to monitor the second component when a possibility of a monitoring the first component is also expected to exist. Advantageous refinements of the invention are set forth in the sub claims. 
     The method according to the invention serves for monitoring a functionality of a first and of a second component of a motor vehicle. For example the first component can be a lambda probe and the second component can be a catalytic converter. 
     By means of the method the monitoring is even possible when the following preconditions have to be satisfied in order for drawing meaningful conclusions from the monitoring results regarding the functionality in the first place. For a valid monitoring of the first component (i.e., in the example the monitoring of the lambda probe) a predefined first operating state of the motor vehicle must exist i.e., for example a defined temperature of the measuring probe or a performed defined sequence of injected fuel mixtures. For the second component (in the example this is the catalytic converter) the functionality of the first component (in the example the measuring probe) is a precondition for its valid monitoring. 
     According to the method according to the invention for a forthcoming drive it is determined by taking navigation data into account whether the first operating state is expected to exist. Navigation data in this context generally relate to such data, which would provide information relating to a route of the drive. These can for example be map data from the navigation device, GPS-information from a GPS receiver, traffic information from an RDS (RDS—Radio Data System) or geographical information regarding a height profile of the route. 
     The method according to the invention has the advantage that it can be recognized whether during the drive the possibility may arise to monitor the first component. When this is the case a monitoring result regarding the first component does not first have to be awaited during the drive i.e., in the example monitoring result relating to the lambda probe, in order to then monitor the second component. The second component can be immediately monitored at any time when corresponding operating conditions exist. In the method according to the invention the second component is monitored prior to the first component. As a result of the analysis of the navigation data it is known that during the drive it is still possible to validate the accuracy of the monitoring result regarding the second component at a later point by monitoring the first component. Overall, more opportunities can be used during the drive to test the second component. 
     The monitoring result can in particular be validated in such a manner that the second component is monitored as soon as a predetermined second operating condition of the motor vehicle exists which is a prerequisite for a valid monitoring of the second component, and in that the result of the monitoring is only provided when a result of the monitoring of the first component indicates its functionality. 
     An advantageous refinement of the method according to the invention results when by taking the navigation data into account it is also determined whether during the drive the second operating condition (which is required for monitoring the second component) will most likely exist. This allows determining the time point for a starting the measuring for monitoring the second component already before hand. The measurement can thus already start before the second operating condition is established. This allows advantageously carrying out comprehensive measurements for the monitoring which for example can include a transition into the second operating condition. This is otherwise only possible by continuously measuring during the entire drive. Of course the same advantage can also be obtained with regard to the first operating condition for determining a corresponding time point. 
     The method according to the invention can advantageously be used for monitoring components of the motor vehicle in many ways. Thus, one of the components can for example be a lambda-probe, a catalytic converter, a component of a secondary ventilating system, an actuating device or a camshaft, a temperature sensor (particular an exhaust gas temperature sensor), a device for measuring and air mass suctioned in by an engine or a control device. 
     In a further embodiment of the method according to the invention at least one value, which describes the operating condition of the motor vehicle, is determined by means of a numerical model for an environment through which the driving route leads. With this, the problem can be for example addressed that for a future drive through a city it is not known at which time point a defined traffic light that the route encounters is switched to read. A corresponding model for an urban environment can be used to determine at least a likelihood for a halt of the motor vehicle at a red traffic light. This allows reliably predicting an operating condition of the motor vehicle. 
     Another advantageous embodiment of the method according to invention provides for determining at least one value, which describes an operating condition of the motor vehicle by means of a numerical model for at least a part of the motor vehicle. Such a model of physical processes in the part of the motor vehicle allows to draw a relatively accurate conclusion regarding a future operating condition of the part of the motor vehicle in dependence on the driving route data. 
     The implementation of the method according to the invention is enabled by a motor vehicle according to the invention. For this, the latter has a navigation assist device, which enables determining driving routes data relating to the drive. A navigation assist device can for example include a navigation device, a GPS receiver or a radio with RDS receiver. In addition, a monitoring device is provided which is configured to monitor a functionality of a first and a second component of the motor vehicle. The monitoring device can receive the driving route data from the navigation assist device and in dependence on the driving route data determine whether a possibility for monitoring the first component during the drive will exist. The second component is then monitored during the drive in the case that the possibility of monitoring of the first component is established, and the second component is hereby monitored during the drive prior to monitoring the first component. 
     In the motor vehicle according to the invention, the same advantages result as described in connection with the method according to the invention. The motor vehicle according to the invention can also be further developed in the same manner as described in connection with the method according to the invention. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING 
       In the following, the invention is described in more detail by way of a preferred exemplary embodiment. It is shown in: 
         FIG. 1  a motor vehicle according to an embodiment of the motor vehicle according to the invention; 
         FIG. 2  a diagram showing a predicted temporal profile of a speed of the motor vehicle of  FIG. 1  as determined by a monitoring device of the motor vehicle according to an embodiment of the method according to the invention; and 
         FIG. 3  a diagram showing a temporal profile of a power that has to be outputted by an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle, predicted by the monitoring device of the motor vehicle of  FIG. 1 . 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     In the example shown in  FIG. 1  the motor vehicle  10  with a navigation device  12  and a monitoring device  14  is shown. The navigation device  12  is part of an (not further shown) infotainment system of the motor vehicle  10 . The monitoring device  14  is part of an electric motor control device. However, it can for example also be provided by another control device or can be divided into multiple control devices. 
     The monitoring device  14  is coupled with the navigation device  12  via a communication bus  16  which can for example be a component of a CAN (controller area network) an LIN (local interconnect network) or a FlexRay-fieldbus system. 
     A catalytic converter  18  and a lambda-probe  20  (in the following refer to as measuring probe  20 ) are monitored by the monitoring device  14  during a drive of the motor vehicle  10  regarding their functionality. These two components are situated on an exhaust manifold  22  of an internal combustion engine  24  of the motor vehicle  10 . 
     The monitoring device  14  carries out the monitoring during the drive according to a measuring protocol mandated by law. According to this protocol the catalytic converter may be monitored during a drive only when it is determined during the same drive that the measuring probe  20  is functional. In other words the two monitors have to occur within the same driving cycle. A driving cycle is defined as the time between the starting of the internal combustion engine  24  until its turning off. 
     In unfavorable cases, a monitoring of the catalytic converter is not possible during a defined driving cycle when the motor vehicle  10  does not drive on any section of the driving route with an almost constant speed for a defined minimal period of time and thereby a temperature of the catalytic converter is above a defined minimal value. 
     In the motor vehicle  10 , the ratio of the number of driving cycles in which catalytic converter  18  is monitored to the total number of the driving cycles driven with the motor vehicle  10  is particularly high. 
     For this, at the beginning of the driving cycle items of information relating to the future drive are transmitted to the monitoring device  14  via the communication bus  16  in the form of digital navigation data  26 . The navigation data  26  are always available when the driver of the motor vehicle  10  enters the destination of the drive into the navigation device  12 . 
     Based on the navigation data  26  the monitoring device  14  calculates by means of a numerical model a temporal profile  28 , shown in  FIG. 2 , of the speed v of the motor vehicle, as it is expected to occur according to the model during the drive at respective time points t. 
     In addition, the monitoring device  14  calculates a temporal profile  30  of a power p, which the internal combustion engine is expected to be required to generate at defined time points t. The power p is shown in the diagram of  FIG. 3  as percent value of the maximal power, which has to be generated by the internal combustion engine  24 . 
     Based on the two pre-calculated profiles  28  and  30 , the monitoring device  14  in the shown example calculates a first section of the driving route in which the motor vehicle  10  is in coasting mode, i.e., the engine does not output any significant power itself but is nevertheless coupled with the drive train, so that its rotational speed is determined by the momentum of the motor vehicle  10 . 
     When the motor vehicle  10  reaches the section A 1 , the conditions that are required according to the protocol for monitoring the measuring probe  20  are expected to be established. The monitoring device  14  therefore stores a value for the time point t 1  at which a measurement for the monitoring of the measuring probe is to begin. 
     In addition, the monitoring device determines based on the two profiles  28  and  30  a section A 2  of the driving route, which is suited for monitoring the catalytic converter  18 . In the section A 2 , the motor vehicle  10  is expected to drive with an approximately constant speed v, wherein the internal combustion engine  24  generates a nearly constant power P. From a (not shown) temporal profile of the temperature of the catalytic converter  18  it can be concluded that the catalytic converter  18  will be hot enough when reaching the section A 2  in order to perform a monitor the catalytic converter  18 , which monitor is valid according to the protocol. The monitoring device  14  stores therefore also a value for a time point t 2  at which the measurement for the monitoring of the catalytic converter  18  is to begin. 
     During the drive the monitoring device  18  begins the diagnosis of the catalytic converter  18 , i.e., it&#39;s monitoring at the time point  12 . For this, signals of the measuring probe  20  are detected by the monitoring device  14  and stored. After completing the measurement when the motor vehicle  10  thus has left the section A 2  of the driving route it is determined by way of the measured data whether the catalytic converter  18  functions in the mandated manner. The result of this analysis is stored and preliminarily marked as invalid so that it cannot be read out from the monitoring device by a (not shown) diagnosis device. 
     At the later time point t 1  the monitoring device  14  starts the monitoring of the measuring probe  20  by detecting and storing further data. After the motor vehicle  10  has left the section A 1  of the driving route and the measurement is thus completed, the monitoring devices determines by way of the data gathered in the section A 1 , whether the measuring probe  20  is defective. The monitoring device  14  also stores this analysis result so that it can be read out by the diagnosis device. 
     When the measuring probe  20  is functional according to the analysis result, the additional marking, which prevents the reading out of the analysis result, is removed with regard to the catalytic converter. With this, this analysis result is then also available for being read out. 
     Beside a monitoring of the functionality of the catalytic converter  18  and the measuring probe  20  it can be provided to monitor for example also a catalytic converter heating a sensor for misfires, an exhaust gas recirculation device a secondary vent system a fuel container venting system, electric circuits or a holding device for a tank lid with regard to their functionality with the monitoring device  14  (or further monitoring devices of the motor vehicle  10 ). 
     The example shows how the number of the driving cycles can be increased in which a diagnosis of a catalytic converter is carried out.