Abstract:
An apparatus and method that improves the operation of aerospace planes or rockets having an integrated flute and hat components whereby the flute functions as a hypersonic refrigeration engine and the hat as a flat plate heat exchanger to achieve an isothermal compression of the incipient hypersonic air in front of the nosecone to reduce hypersonic vibrations during flight, these improvements allow for the reduction in temperature during flight operation allowing for improved cooling of the aerospace plane or rocket.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/213,525 filed Sep. 2, 2015, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 
     
    
     FIELD 
       [0002]    The field for this inventive subject matter is about a device to improve high speed air travel in general, and in particular, for aerospace planes or rocket ships. 
       BACKGROUND 
       [0003]    One problem of hypersonic travel are shockwaves. Shockwaves can generate extreme vibrations on planes and rockets during operation. For example, the Concorde, that travelled at hypersonic speeds, was grounded due to problems with shockwaves. Likewise, the hypersonic XR70 was extremely difficult to operate as a result of shockwaves. At higher speeds, it is likely that aircraft and rockets will be subjected shockwaves and the resultant vibration harmonics that affect structural integrity and aerodynamic stability. 
         [0004]    Different approaches have been taken to reduce vibrations generated by shockwaves during supersonic travel. U.S. Pat. No. 3,709,446 issued to Epsy describes the generation of an expansion wave of an intensity and at a position whereby the surface contacting portion of the vehicle&#39;s shock wave is blended with and reduced by portions of the expansion wave. U.S. Pat. No. 4,917,335 issued to Tidman describes about lowering the atmospheric mass density immediately forward of a moving body by a fine high speed stream or jet of a material containing a chemically interactive component being ejected forwardly of such a body moving at high speed with respect to the atmosphere. U.S. Pat. No. 3,620,484 issued to Schoppe describes about a nose of the moving body being provided with blunt configuration at its leading portion to create a detached normal shock wave. 
         [0005]    There yet exists a need for an non chemical approach to reduce the vibration generated by shockwaves by heat exchange concept which would enable external isothermal compression of the external airstream on contact. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0006]    The present inventive subject matter describes a supersonic isothermal compression refrigeration engine coupled to a conical triangular hat i.e. isothermal heat exchanger dome. By compressing; spinning; expanding; flashing the supersonic air stream at high altitude, a chilled vortex is generated that will isothermally chill the shock-front isothermally on the outside of the dome. The reason for isothermal compression is that the supersonic boundary layer in contact with the shell is continuously chilled by the cold air stream on the inside and the work of harmonic isothermal compression is only a fraction of chaotic adiabatic shockwave compression. 
         [0007]    In one of the embodiment an aerospace plane comprising of a conductive funneled nosecone which is in the shape of a diverging flute is described. A hypersonic vortex choke is incorporated into the nosecone intake, whereby the diverging section of the flute functions as a Joule-Thomson throttling tube. The hat section of the flute functions as a heat exchanger, whereby the rim of the outlet aperture is serrated to generate vortices. 
         [0008]    In another embodiment an aerospace plane with slotted/blotted leading-edge wings is described, whereby the leading edge comprise micro-scaled drag reduction slots, which may be double duplex layered and may be cryogenically chilled. The slots may be continuous/stepped/oval/circular and also equipped with primary and secondary vortex generating wedges. 
         [0009]    In yet another embodiment an aerospace plane with clam-shelled wing apertures is described, whereby the clamshell aperture houses a turbojet power plant to facilitate takeoff, transonic acceleration and return-to-base power. 
         [0010]    These and other embodiments are described in more detail in the following detailed descriptions and the figures. The foregoing is not intended to be an exhaustive list of embodiments and features of the present inventive subject matter. Persons skilled in the art are capable of appreciating other embodiments and features from the following detailed description in conjunction with the drawings. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0011]      FIG. 1  illustrates an elemental flute and hat. 
           [0012]      FIG. 2  illustrates the integration of an elemental flute on to a hat. 
           [0013]      FIG. 3  illustrates the integration of an elemental flute, hat on the nosecone. 
           [0014]      FIG. 4  illustrates the integration of an elemental flute, hat, nosecone in conjunction with the rocket. 
           [0015]      FIG. 5  illustrates the integration of an elemental flute, hat and the nosecone onto an aerospace plane. 
           [0016]      FIG. 6  illustrates an integration of an elemental flute with a hybrid rocket nosecone. 
           [0017]      FIG. 7  illustrates integration of an elemental flute with a hybrid rocket nosecone. 
           [0018]      FIG. 8  illustrates the makeup of a supercritical shockwave piercing hypersonic wing with the slotted elemental flute. 
           [0019]      FIG. 9  illustrates the biplane shockwave. 
           [0020]      FIG. 10  illustrates an articulated clamshell turbojet. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0021]    In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth such as examples of specific materials, methods, components, etc. in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present inventive subject matter. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that these specific details need not be employed to practice the present invention. In other instances, well-known materials or methods have not been described in detail in order to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the present inventive subject matter. 
         [0022]    The present inventive subject matter describes a method and apparatus for a hypersonic shockwave muffler. 
         [0023]    As shown in  FIG. 1, 100  represents an expanded representation of a thermally conductive elemental flute  101  and hat  102 . The elemental flute  101  is typically a tube-like structure that is placed in front of the aerospace plane or rocket. The hat  102 , is usually a flange-like structure that is mounted on one end of the elemental flute  101  and attached to the nosecone. 
         [0024]    During operation of the rocket at hypersonic speeds, the ambient air stream enters the elemental flute  101  The air then spins as a vortex down the tube, then expands across the nosecone and is constrained by the hat  102 . This results in the cooling of the incoming air. 
         [0025]    The elemental flute  101  and the hat  102  may be constructed using any type of thermally conductive material with sufficient strength to operate at hypersonic speeds. Typical materials are thermally conductive copper, aluminum, silver but other materials and/or composite metal alloys may also be used. The specific structural and material configurations of flute and hat are exemplary only. Other similar design configurations may be used that generally fall within the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. 
         [0026]    Referring to  FIG. 2, 200  illustrates the integrated elemental flute and hat  203  comprising of a flute portion  201  and a hat portion  202 . The integrated elemental flute and hat  203  functions as a plate heat exchanger which enables isothermal compression of the external airstream on contact via cooling/chilling the heat of compression at formation. 
         [0027]    Now referring to  FIG. 3, 300  represents integrated flute and hat  203  as placed proximate to a nosecone  303 . This combination functions as a heat exchanger which enable supersonic isothermal compression of the external airstream on contact via a cooling/chilling the heat of compression at formation around the nosecone. 
         [0028]    Reviewing  FIG. 4, 400  represents the integrated flute and hat  203  as connected to a rocket nosecone  403 , on an air-breathing rocket  404  functioning as a plate heat exchanger enabling isothermal compression of the external airstream at supersonic speeds. This cooling/chilling is caused by the expansion of the airstream at the nosecone. 
         [0029]    Referring to  FIG. 5, 500  represents the integrated flute and hat  203  as connected to the aerospace plane nosecone  503  on an air-breathing hypersonic aerospace plane  506  with wings  507 , intakes  508  and propulsion engines  509 . As the aerospace plane travels at supersonic speed, the integrated flute and hate  203  functions as a plate heat exchanger enabling isothermal compression around the aerospace plane nosecone  503 . 
         [0030]    Referring to  FIG. 6  and  FIG. 7 .  FIG. 6  is a close-up top view  600  of the front part of the hybrid rocket with an internal shaft  612 . Illustrated in  FIG. 6  is an integrated flute and hat  203  mounted on a frustum shaped nosecone  603 , the frustrum shaped nosecone has a shaft  612  that runs the length of the hybrid rocket with  613  and  614  representing the cryogenic conduits. The air entering through the shaft air intake  610  becomes a vortex which is funneled via shaft  612 . Now referring to  FIG. 7 , the airstream  610  runs the length of the hybrid rocket to an air-breathing hybrid propulsion rocket engine  709  as shown in  FIG. 7 .  700  illustrates the integrated flute and nosecone  203 , integrated onto an air-breathing hybrid rocket  704  with fins  707  and an air-breathing hybrid propulsion rocket  709 . 
         [0031]    In a preferred embodiment, the integrated flute and hat  203  is configured on a rocket or airplane such that two-thirds of the length of the integrated flute and hat is placed on the airplane/rocket/or a nosecone and one-third of its length is in front of the nosecone to bring about the isothermal compression of the air in front of nosecone. The flare design of the hat mitigates the length of the choke. 
         [0032]    Referring to  FIG. 8, 800  which illustrates the elements of a (fluted) supercritical shockwave piercing hypersonic wing whereby flutes  801 / 811  and  850 / 860 / 807 / 880  (which may be continuous slotted, stepped, oval and/or rounded) functions as micro-scaled shockwave abatement Busemann biplane wings with the refractive shock front expanding linearly within hat section  812  over vortex wedges  831 / 832  and supercritical area ruled chord  840  in accordance with the isothermal chilling protocol  FIG. 400 . 
         [0033]    Referring to  FIG. 9, 900  which illustrates the transformation of the legacy Busemann (“biplane”) shockwave abatement postulation whereby leading shockwaves  911  generated refractive shockwaves  912  as (1) macro-scaled Busemann supersonic Mach 2/5 airliner with leading/refractive shockwaves  921 / 922 , supersonic Busemann biplane wings  920  and (supersonic) airframe  923  (2) a micro-scaled Busemann supersonic shockwave abatement leading edge slots  930 / 934  and (3) regenerative cryogenically chilled M2/20 SPINNX hypersonic vortex choke  940 / 944 / 945 . 
         [0034]    Referring to  FIG. 10, 1000  which illustrates an alternate embodiment of  FIG. 5 . The articulated clamshell Busemann turbojet air intake aperture  1011  housing turbojet  1012  that may be opened/closed in accordance with the Mach domain that may be (1) applied for takeoff and transonic acceleration power and (2) supply bleed air to drive combustion of the primary hybrid propulsion unit  20013  at takeoff. Pointer  1001  illustrates the fluted Busemann derivative hypersonic shockwave muffler,  1009  illustrates the primary air-breathing propulsion unit and pointer  1031  an ancillary/piggy-back orbital incretion payload. 
         [0035]    The many aspects and benefits of the invention are apparent from the detailed description, and thus, it is intended for the following claims to cover all such aspects and benefits of the invention which fall within the scope and spirit of the invention. In addition, because numerous modifications and variations will be obvious and readily occur to those skilled in the art, the claims should not be construed to limit the invention to the exact construction and operation illustrated and described herein. Accordingly, all suitable modifications and equivalents should be understood to fall within the scope of the invention as claimed herein.