Abstract:
The present invention apparatus and method that allows the geographical location of a user with respect to a designated geographical location to be determined in a manner that cost-efficient, the user given several options regarding the way in which his of her present location is determined as well as the format in which the user&#39;s relative position to the designated geographical location is represented and the apparatus being easy to operate and relatively lightweight.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
   Pursuant to 35 U.S.C. § 119(a), this application claims the benefit of earlier filing date and right of priority to Korean Application No. 34906/2003, filed on May 30, 2003 and Korean Application No. 63398/2003, filed on Sep. 9, 2003, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference herein in their entirety: 
   BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
   1. Field of the Invention 
   The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for providing directional information related to a designated geographical location, and more particularly, to a mobile communication device that allows the user several options through which his present geographical location relative to the Islamic holy land of Mecca may be determined, the communication device easy to manufacture, cost-efficient to produce and operate, and relatively lightweight. 
   2. Description of the Related Art 
   Generally, a mobile communication system enables a user to move freely within a corresponding service area while communicating by wireless technology using a subscribed/registered mobile terminal or mobile station (MS). Such mobile communication systems are designed to provide ease of use, low price, and various additional services in order to encourage users to purchase the mobile terminals and subscribe to the system. 
   There are a variety of races and religions in the world. One such religion is Islam, which requires its followers, Muslims, to worship on their knees five times a day in the direction of Mecca, the Islamic Holy Land. This ritual, called Salah, is a religious duty of all Muslims. 
   The obligatory Salah rituals are Fajr, Zuhr, Asr, Maghrib, and Isha. Fajr involves praying in the direction of Mecca between daybreak and dawn. Zuhr involves praying in the direction of Mecca between noon and midday. Asr involves praying in the direction of Mecca between midday and sunset. Maghrib involves praying in the direction of Mecca right after sunset. Isha involves praying in the direction of Mecca between midnight and daybreak. Additionally, there are other rituals such as Friday noon service, additional obligatory service, and free service in addition to the five obligatory rituals of Salah, each involving praying in the direction of Mecca. 
   Muslims must worship on their knees in the direction of Mecca at the designated time. Failing to worship as required is regarded a sin to be punished according to Islamic dogma. Therefore, it is very important for Muslims to easily and quickly determine the direction or position of Mecca with respect to their current position on Earth. For example, the first thing that Muslim travelers or nomads do when they travel is to determine their location with respect to Mecca. 
   A Muslim who is traveling is allowed to use a mobile communication device to communicate. Presently, the number of Muslims in the world is about 1.6 billion, a large potential market for mobile communication devices that are tailored to their specific needs. 
   There have been attempts to address the requirements of Islam through mobile devices. For example, a mobile communication device that indicates the position of Mecca relative to the user is disclosed in PCT/IT99/00228 (Jul. 20, 1999), which teaches the use of a GPS (global positioning system) receiver and an Earth-magnetic sensor in a system exclusively for indicating the location of Mecca. Another device, disclosed in Korean Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-38494 (May 16, 2002), also uses a GPS receiver and an earth-magnetic sensor. Other devices that are known in the art utilize a service provider or network operator to determine the relative position of Mecca. 
   Systems that require an Earth-magnetic sensor and GPS receiver are larger and cumbersome to carry as well as requiring additional manufacturing time, all factors that increase product cost. Similarly, using a system provider or network operator increases the cost of using the system. 
   Therefore, there is a need for a relatively lightweight and easy to use mobile communications device that can provide the user with information regarding his geographic position on the Earth relative to Mecca in a cost-effective manner. The present invention addresses these and other needs. 
   SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
   The present invention is directed to a to a mobile communication device that allows the user to determine his geographical location relative to another designated geographical location, the device easy to manufacture, cost-efficient to produce and operate, and relatively lightweight. 
   Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings. 
   To achieve these and other advantages and in accordance with the purpose of the present invention, as embodied and broadly described, the present invention is embodied in a mobile communication device that allows the user several options through which his present geographical location may be determined in order to provide his or her geographical location relative to a designated geographical location. Specifically, the user manually enters his exact geographical location or enables the mobile communication device to determine his exact geographical location and the device then provides the user with directional information indicating the user&#39;s relative position with respect to the designated geographic location. Although the invention is described herein with regard to determining the user&#39;s relative position with respect to Mecca, it is contemplated that the invention may be utilized for any designated geographic location for which the exact geographic location is known. 
   In one aspect of the invention, a wireless communication apparatus is provided, the apparatus including a means for determining the present location of the user, a means for storing geographic location information, a means for determining the geographic location of the user relative to a designated geographic location, a means for conveying information to the user, and a control means for coordinating the functions of and transfer of information between the other means. A compass means may also be included for translating the present location of the user into compass point information (a display of a needle pointing North, South, East West, etc.). 
   The storage means contains information regarding the location of the designated geographic location, for example latitude and longitude information for Mecca. Once the present location of the user is determined, the user&#39;s location relative to the designated geographic location may be determined. 
   It is contemplated that the storage means may contain information corresponding to any geographic location desired as the designated geographic location. It is further contemplated that the storage means may contain information corresponding to predetermined major cities and countries throughout the world as well as well-known landmarks and destinations. Moreover, it is contemplated that an electronic map may be stored in the storage means. 
   The present location of the user may be determined either by the location of the apparatus or by utilizing user information inputted manually via an input device. It is contemplated that the input device may be either a keyboard or keypad, on which the user types information, or a voice unit that allows the user to enter information verbally. 
   If present location is determined by the location of the apparatus, a processing means communicates with the base station corresponding to the cell in which the apparatus is located and receives information corresponding to the present location of the apparatus. The processing means then compares the information received from the base station to information stored in the storage means corresponding to the designated location to determine the user&#39;s relative location. 
   If present location is determined utilizing user information, it is contemplated that several methods may be utilized. For example, the user may enter the exact latitude/longitude corresponding to his or her present location. Furthermore, the user may convey his or her present location by indicating location an electronic map displayed on a display means. Moreover, the user may indicate the name of a major country or city in the world in which he or she is located or a major landmark which is nearby. 
   If the user enters the exact latitude/longitude corresponding to the present location, a processing means compares that information directly to latitude/longitude information stored in the storage means for the designated location to determine the user&#39;s relative location. 
   If an electronic map is utilized, a processing means retrieves information from the storage means corresponding to a point on the electronic map indicated by the user. If the user enters the name of a country, city or landmark, a processing means retrieves information from the storage means corresponding to a predetermined name of a country, city or landmark throughout the world. The retrieved information is compared to information stored in the storage means corresponding to the designated location to determine the user&#39;s relative location. 
   An iterative process may be used to allow the user to specify his or her present location in greater detail. For example, the user may indicate his or her location as a point on an electronic map of the world. The displayed map them may be adjusted to provide further detail of the area indicated by the user and the user allowed to enter information further detailing his present location. 
   It is contemplated that the storage means may contain latitude/longitude information corresponding to the designated location as well as to points on an electronic map or predetermined names of countries, cities and landmarks. The latitude/longitude information corresponding to the designated location is compared to the latitude/longitude information corresponding to the user information to determine the user&#39;s relative location. 
   It is further contemplated that, rather than latitude/longitude information, the storage means may contain information corresponding to the relative location of the designated location to points on an electronic map or to predetermined countries, cities or landmarks. The information in the storage means corresponding to the user information would be transferred directly to a display means as the user&#39;s relative location. 
   The compass means may be an electronic compass or a manual compass. Providing an electronic compass increases the size, complexity and cost of manufacture of the apparatus. A manual compass provides a less-complex, more cost-effective apparatus. If a manual compass is provided, it is preferably fixed to the body of the apparatus. 
   If an electronic compass is provided, the control means facilitates the automatic measurement of the magnetism of the user&#39;s present location and transfer of compass point information to the processing means. Preferably, the electronic compass is a terrestrial magnetism unit. 
   The directional information relating the user present location to the designated geographic location may be displayed by the display means as either a fixed direction (i.e. textual representation of direction) or in compass point format (visual representation of direction). In order to display compass point format, an electronic compass means is provided. The processing means compares the compass point information corresponding to the user&#39;s present location to the location of the designated geographic location. 
   In another aspect of the invention, a mobile communication device is provided, the device including a present location determining unit, a memory, a processor, a display, and a controller. A compass may also be provided. 
   The present location determining unit facilitates determining the present location of the user. It is contemplated that the present location may be determined by the location of the device or by utilizing user information provided manually on an input device. 
   The memory contains pre-programmed geographic location information corresponding to the designated geographic location. It is contemplated that the memory may also contain geographic location information corresponding to points on an electronic map as well as predetermined places such as countries, cities and well-known landmarks throughout the world. The geographic location information may be latitude/longitude information or information corresponding to the relative location of the designated geographic location to points on an electronic map or to predetermined places throughout the world. Although the designated geographic location preferably is Mecca, it is contemplated that any geographic location may be the designated geographic location. 
   The processor is adapted to receive and compare information corresponding to the present location of the user and the designated geographic location. The processor provides directional information, in textual or compass point form, relating the user present location to the location of the designated geographic location. 
   The display is adapted to display directional information in either textual or compass point format as well as to convey to the user the various options available for entering information. Preferably, the display is an LCD display. 
   The controller facilitates the various functions of the present location determining unit, memory, processor, display, and electronic compass if provided as well as the transfer of data between them. The controller further facilitates conveying information related to the various options available to the user via the display; for example, the various ways in which user may choose to have his or her present location determined. 
   The compass may be either an electronic compass, preferably a terrestrial magnetism unit, or a manual compass, preferably fixed to the body of the mobile communication device. The compass provides compass point information related to the user&#39;s present location. If an electronic compass is provided, compass point information is retrieved automatically. 
   In another aspect of the invention, a method of providing directional information related to a designated geographic location is provided. The method includes providing a mobile communication device, receiving information related to the present location of the user, retrieving location information corresponding to the user present location and the designated geographic location, comparing the location information to determine directional information indicating the relative position of the user to the designated geographic location, and displaying the directional information. 
   The mobile communication device contains, as specified in other aspects of the invention, a present location determining means, a storage means, a processing means, a display means, a control means and, optionally, a compass means. The functions of the various means are also as specified previously. 
   The user enters information manually. The storage means contains information corresponding to the designated geographic location and may contain information necessary to allow the user present location to be determined by utilizing user provided information. The processing means performs the comparison functions and generates the display information. The display means conveys the display information to the user. The control means coordinates the various information transfers and responds to the information entered by the user. The compass means provides compass point information related to the user&#39;s present location. 
   The control means determines whether the user&#39;s present location is to be determined by the location of the device or by utilizing user information input manually. If user present location is determined by the location of the device, the control means communicates with a base station and receives information corresponding to the present location of the device. If user present location is determined utilizing user provided information, the control means receives the user information and facilitates the processing of the information. 
   If user present location is to be determined by utilizing user provided information, the control means determines what type of user information is received. The user information may contain latitude/longitude information corresponding to the user&#39;s present location or information indicating that the user&#39;s present location is to be determined by utilizing an electronic map or by user information indicating the name of a place. 
   If the user information contains latitude/longitude information corresponding to the user&#39;s present location, the information is transferred to the processing means as the user&#39;s present location. Otherwise, the control means either displays a map and waits for additional user information indicating his or her location on the map or receives user information containing a place name. 
   If an electronic map is utilized, the control means continues to communicate with the user until a point on the world map is sufficiently defined as the user&#39;s present location and retrieves corresponding location information from the storage means. If the user information is a place name, the control means retrieves location information corresponding to the place name from the storage means. The location information retrieved from the storage means is transferred to the processing means. 
   Once the processing means has generated directional information relating the user present location to the designated geographic location, the control means determines whether the directional information is to be displayed in text format or compass point format. If text format is indicated, the display information is transferred to the display means to be conveyed to the user. 
   If compass point format is indicated, the control means facilitates receiving and transferring compass point information related to the user present location to the processing means. The compass point information is received via an electronic compass provided in the device. The processing means generates compass point directional information and the control means transfers the information to the display means. 
   The present invention, which does not rely on a GPS system to determine the present location of the user, provides a cost-effective way for the user of a mobile communication device to determine his or her relative location to a designated geographic location such as Mecca. The device is easier and less expensive to manufacture and operate than a device relying on a GPS system and is lighter because less hardware is required. 
   It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description of the present invention are exemplary and explanatory and are intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. Features, elements, and aspects of the invention that are referenced by the same numerals in different figures represent the same, equivalent, or similar features, elements, or aspects in accordance with one or more embodiments. 
       FIG. 1  is a block diagram of an apparatus for providing directional information in a mobile communication apparatus according to the present invention. 
       FIG. 2  is a detailed block diagram of the memory of the apparatus illustrated in  FIG. 1 . 
       FIG. 3  is a detailed block diagram of the processor of the apparatus illustrated in  FIG. 1 . 
       FIG. 4  is a detailed block diagram of the transmitter/receiver of the apparatus illustrated in  FIG. 1 . 
       FIG. 5  is a front view of a mobile communication device of the present invention having a manual compass fixed directly to the body of the device. 
       FIG. 6  is a front view of a mobile communication device of the present invention having a manual compass fixed to the body of the device by a fixation strap. 
       FIG. 7  is a flowchart of a method for providing directional information in a mobile communication apparatus according to the present invention. 
       FIG. 8  is a flowchart of the manual determination routine in the method illustrated in  FIG. 7 . 
       FIG. 9  is a flowchart of the place name routine in the manual determination routine illustrated in  FIG. 8 . 
       FIG. 10  is a front view of a display of the present invention illustrating the screens displayed by the place name routine illustrated in  FIG. 9 . 
       FIG. 11  is a flowchart of the map routine in the manual determination routine illustrated in  FIG. 8 . 
       FIG. 12  is a front view of a display of the present invention illustrating the screens displayed by the map routine illustrated in  FIG. 11 . 
       FIG. 13  is a flowchart of the manual input routine in the manual determination routine illustrated in  FIG. 8 . 
       FIG. 14  is a front view of a display of the present invention illustrating the screens displayed by the manual input routine illustrated in  FIG. 13 . 
       FIG. 15  is a flowchart of the direction display routine in the method illustrated in  FIG. 7 . 
       FIG. 16  is a flowchart of the base station determination routine in the method illustrated in  FIG. 7 . 
       FIG. 17  is a front view of a display of the present invention illustrating the default base station determination routine in the method illustrated in  FIG. 7 . 
   

   DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
   The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for providing information that allows the user of the apparatus to determine his or her geographical location relative to another designated geographical location. Although the present invention is illustrated with respect to a mobile communication device, it is contemplated that the present invention may be utilized anytime it is desired to determine one&#39;s location in relation to a designated geographical location. 
   Referring to  FIGS. 1-4 , one embodiment of the present invention is illustrated. The wireless communication apparatus  10  includes a data entry unit  100 , a controller  200 , a memory  300 , a processor  400 , a compass  500 , a transmitter/receiver  600 , and a display  700 . 
   In addition to performing the normal functions related to wireless communications, the data entry unit  100  allows the user to manually input information related to his or her present geographic location. It is contemplated that the data entry unit  100  may be a keyboard or keypad to facilitate entry of information in textual format. It is further contemplated that the data entry unit  100  may be a microphone to facilitate entry of user information verbally. The data entry unit  100  is under control of the controller. 
   As illustrated in  FIG. 2 , the memory  300  includes a place name unit  310 , an electronic map unit  320 , a designated location position unit  330 , and a supplementary information unit  340 . The retrieval of information from the memory  300  is under control of the controller  200 . 
   The place name unit  310  stores location information corresponding to well-known place names. The well-known places may be countries, cities and landmarks throughout the world. It is contemplated that location information for major cities corresponding to at least 250 countries in the world may be stored. 
   The information stored in the place name unit  310  may facilitate determining the present location of the user by reference to a nearby country, city or landmark. Alternatively, the place name unit  310  may contain location information regarding predetermined locations, such as cities, for designating the user&#39;s present location such that the present location may be compared with location information for the designated geographic location in order to determine the relative location of the user to the designated geographic location, for example Mecca. 
   The electronic map unit  320  stores an electronic map of the world with the corresponding latitude/longitude information. The electronic map facilitates determining the present location of the user by reference to a world map on which the user may indicate his or her position. 
   The designated location position unit  330  stores location information corresponding to a geographic location for which related directional information is to be generated. Preferably, the designated geographic location is Mecca, but it is contemplated that an apparatus  10  may be provided containing location information corresponding to any geographic location in the world. 
   The location information stored in the location position unit  310  may be latitude/longitude information for comparison to latitude/longitude information corresponding to the user&#39;s present location. Alternatively, the location information may be directional information relating the designated geographic location to the user&#39;s present location which is indicated by latitude/longitude information, a point on an electronic map, or a place name. 
   The supplementary information unit  340  stores information required for operating the mobile communication apparatus  10 . The information stored in the supplemental information unit  340  may not be specific to the designated geographic location or the determination of the user&#39;s present location. 
   As illustrated in  FIG. 3 , the processor  400  includes a direction computing unit  410  and a compass computing unit  420 , both under control of the controller  200 . The direction computing unit  410  receives location information related to the present location of the user and the designated geographic location and compares the information to generate directional information relating the user&#39;s present location to the location of the designated geographic location in fixed form as textual information. The compass computing unit  420  receives compass point information related to the present location of the user in order to generate directional information in dynamic compass point form as a visual display of a compass needle. Fixed textual directional information is static to a fixed reference direction. Dynamic compass point directional information is referenced to compass points. 
   The compass  500  provides information related to the present location of the user in compass point format, for example whether the user is facing North, South, East or West. It is contemplated that the compass may be either electronic or manual. If the compass  500  is electronic, it is preferably a terrestrial magnetism unit and the compass point information is retrieved real-time directly from the compass under control of the controller  200 . If the compass is manual, it is preferably fixed to the body of the apparatus and utilized by the user in conjunction with fixed textual directional information displayed by the display  700 . 
   As illustrated in  FIG. 4 , the transmitter/receiver  600  includes an RF unit  610 . The RF unit  610  communicates via radio waves with one of more base stations as the apparatus  10  moves between cells. The RF unit  610  is under control of the controller  200 . 
   The display  700  is capable of displaying directional information in either fixed textual format or dynamic compass point form. The display  700  is under control of the controller  200 . 
   The present location of the user may be determined by the location of the apparatus  10  or by utilizing user information entered via the data entry unit  100 . The user may enter information via the data entry unit  100  indicating which of several methods he or she desires to utilize in determining the present location. 
   If the present location is determined by the location of the apparatus  10 , the controller  200  communicates with the base station corresponding to the present cell location via the transmitter/receiver  600 . The base station transmits location information to the controller  200 . The received location information for the apparatus  10  is then transferred by the controller  200  to the processor  400  as the user&#39;s present location. 
   If user information is utilized to determine present location, it is contemplated that the user may enter latitude/longitude information corresponding to his or her present location, may select his or her present location from a list of well-known places, or may utilize an electronic map to indicate his or her present location. The controller determines the method chosen by the user from information received via the data entry unit  100  and facilitates the corresponding additional functions. 
   If the user information contains latitude/longitude information related to present location, the controller  200  will transfer the information to the processor  400  as the user&#39;s present location. The processor  400  utilizes this information and location information corresponding to the designated geographic location retrieved from the memory  300  by the controller  200  in order to determine the user&#39;s position relative to the designated geographic location. 
   If present location is determined by a map, the controller  200  retrieves map information from the memory  300  and displays the map on the display  700 . The user may then input additional information regarding his or her present location, preferably through an interactive process whereby the electronic map displayed is updated to provide further detail based on the additional information, until the controller  200  can retrieve location information corresponding to the user&#39;s present location from the memory  300 . The retrieved location information is transferred to the processor  400  and utilized to determine the user&#39;s position relative to the designated geographic location. 
   If present location is determined by selecting a nearby well-known place, a list of countries, cities, and landmarks is retrieved from the memory  300  by the controller  200  and displayed on the display  700 . The user may then input additional information, selecting one of the displayed countries, cities or landmarks. The controller  200  retrieves the location information corresponding to the selected country, city or landmark from the memory  300 . The retrieved location information is transferred to the processor  400  and utilized to determine the user&#39;s position relative to the designated geographic location. 
   Once the processor  400  receives the location information corresponding the user&#39;s present location and the location information corresponding to the designated geographic location, the information is compared. The direction computing unit  410  generates directional information relating the user&#39;s present location to the location of the designated geographic location. 
   If directional information is displayed in fixed form as textual information, the controller  200  transfers the directional information from the direction computing unit  410  to the display  700 . A manual or compass  500  may be provided to enable the user to utilize the directional information. 
   If the directional information is displayed in dynamic compass point form as a visual display of a compass needle, the compass computing unit  420  of the processor  400  utilizes compass point information regarding the user&#39;s present location to translate the fixed form directional information into compass point directional information. The compass point information regarding the user&#39;s present location may be obtained from an electronic compass  500 . An electronic compass, preferably a terrestrial magnetism unit under control of the controller  200 , may be used to obtain user compass point information real-time with the information transferred directly to the compass computing unit  420  of the processor  400 . 
   Referring to  FIGS. 5 and 6 , two additional embodiments of the present invention are illustrated. The mobile communication device  20  includes a keypad  100 , a manual compass  900 , a transmitter/receiver  600 , and an LCD display  700 . It is contemplated that the manual compass  90  may be fixed to the body of the device, as illustrated in  FIG. 5 , or separate from the body of the device and connected by a fixing strap  850 , as illustrated in  FIG. 6 . 
   Because the present invention does not require a GPS system, the size of the memory  300  may be reduced and it is unnecessary to have an expensive and bulky GPS receiver. Therefore, the device  20  of the present invention may be smaller, lighter and cheaper to manufacture and operate. 
   Referring to  FIGS. 7-17 , a method of the present invention is illustrated. The method illustrated in  FIGS. 7-17  is under control of the controller  200 . Although the method is illustrated with respect to providing directional information where the designated geographic location is Mecca, it is contemplated that the method depicted may be applied to any designated geographic location. 
     FIG. 7  illustrates the top-level routine for determining user present location and generating directional information. Step S 50  determines whether present location is to be determined manually with user information provided via the data entry unit  100  or via the location of the wireless communication apparatus  10  as determined by the base station. 
   If user present location is determined manually, the manual determination step S 100  utilizes user information provided via the data entry unit  100  to determine the location information corresponding to the user&#39;s present location. The location information is transferred to the processor  400 . 
   If the location of wireless communication apparatus  10  is used to determine user present location, the base station determination step S 200  communicates with the base station corresponding to the cell in which the wireless communication apparatus  10  is located and retrieves location information corresponding to the present location of the device. The location information is transferred to the processor  400  as the user&#39;s present location. 
   The search Mecca step S 150  retrieves location information for Mecca from the designated geographic location position unit  330  of memory  300 . The compute Mecca direction step S 160  compares the location information from step S 100  or S 200 , corresponding to the user&#39;s present location, to the location information from step S 150 , corresponding to Mecca, to determine the user&#39;s relative location with respect to Mecca. 
   The process direction display step S 170  displays the directional information from step S 160  as either static textual information relative to a fixed reference direction or dynamic compass point information relative to a real-time compass point corresponding to the user&#39;s present location. If the directional information is displayed as compass point information, information from the compass  500  is utilized. 
     FIG. 8  illustrates the manual determination step S 100 . Step S 105  determines if the user&#39;s present location is to be determined by entering information manually. If so, the input position step S 110  determines which manual mode of present location determination is to be used; indicate present location as latitude/longitude information, use an electronic map to indicate present location, or select a place name to indicate present location. 
   The place name routine step S 120  displays a list of well-known place names retrieved from memory  300  on the display  700 , thereby allowing the user to indicate present location by selecting a place name. The map routine step S 130  displays an electronic map retrieved from memory  300  on the display  700 , thereby allowing the user to indicate present position on a map. The manual routine step S 140  allows the user to manually input latitude/longitude information corresponding to present location. Once the user&#39;s present location is determined, the location information corresponding to the user&#39;s present location is transferred to the processor  400 . 
     FIG. 9  illustrates the place name routine step S 120 . Step S 121  determines if the user has input user information via the data entry unit  100 . If so, the search place name step S 122  retrieves a list of place names corresponding to the user information from the place name unit  310  of memory  300  and displays the names on the display  700 . 
   The confirm place name step S 123  determines whether the user has selected one of the displayed place names as the present location. If the one of the displayed place names is not confirmed, the routine returns to step S 121  to await additional user information to be input. If one of the displayed place names is confirmed, the input position information step S 124  retrieves the location information corresponding to the selected place name from the place name unit  310  of memory  300  and transfers the location information to the direction computing unit  410  of the processor  400  as the user&#39;s present location. 
     FIG. 10  illustrates various embodiments of typical screens from the display  700  when the user&#39;s present location is determined by the place name routine step S 120 . The input position step S 110  displays a menu allowing the user to select a place name search (step S 120 ), a map search (step S 130 ), or a manual input (step S 140 ). 
   When the user selects a place name search (step S 120 ) and inputs user information consisting of a place name (step S 121 ) using the data entry unit  100 , a list of place names corresponding to the user information is displayed (step S 122 ). When the user selects one of the displayed place names (step S 123 ) using the data entry unit  100 , the location information corresponding to the selected place name is retrieved from memory  300  and transferred to the processor  400  (step S 124 ). The processor  400  generates directional information (step S 160 ) which is displayed on the display  700  (step S 170 ). 
     FIG. 11  illustrates the map routine step S 130 . Step S 131  determines if user present location is to be determined by utilizing an electronic map. If so, the display electronic map step (step S 132 ) displays an electronic map on the display  700 . When the user uses the data entry unit  100  to indicate his or her present location on the displayed electronic map, the search step S 133  retrieves location information corresponding to the user&#39;s indicated present location from the memory  300 . 
   It is contemplated that the map routine step S 130  may be an iterative process during which the displayed electronic map may be adjusted to provide greater detail of the location indicated by the user as the user makes additional indications of his or her present location. For example, the initial display of the electronic map in electronic map step S 132  may be a world map. After the user indicates country of present location, additional steps S 132  may display, in succession, a map of the indicated country, a map of an indicated city in the indicated country, a map of an indicated area of the indicated city, the additional electronic maps displayed in response to additional information entered by the user. 
   The confirm location step S 134  determines whether the user has confirmed that the location information from step S 133  is selected as the user&#39;s present location. If the location information is not confirmed, the routine returns to step S 131 . If the location information is confirmed, the input position information step S 135  transfers the location information retrieved in step S 133  to the processor  400  as the user&#39;s present location. 
     FIGS. 12A-D  illustrate various embodiments of typical screens from the display  700  when the user&#39;s present location is determined by the map routine step S 130 . In the illustrated example, the location information stored in the memory  300  is latitude/longitude information. The input position step S 110  displays a menu allowing the user to select a place name search (step S 120 ), a map search (step S 130 ), or a manual input (step S 140 ). 
   Referring to  FIG. 12A , when the user selects a map search (step S 130 ), a menu is displayed allowing the user to select either latitude or longitude (step S 132 ). When the user selects latitude, an electronic map is retrieved from memory  300  and displayed (step S 132 ) with a graphic indicating that latitude user information is to be determined and a cursor (indicated as a horizontal line on the display  700 ). 
   Referring to  FIG. 12B , the search step S 133  is performed as the user moves the cursor via the data entry unit  100 . Once the user confirms that the proper latitude location has been selected on the display  700 , the latitude information is saved (step S 134 ) and a menu is again displayed allowing the user to select either latitude or longitude (step S 132 ). As illustrated in  FIG. 12B , the user confirmed a present location of 35 degrees north latitude. 
   Referring to  FIG. 12C , when the user selects longitude, an electronic map is again retrieved from memory  300  and displayed (step S 132 ) with a graphic indicating that longitude user information is to be determined and a cursor (indicated as a vertical line on the display  700 ). The search step S 133  is again performed as the user moves the cursor via the data entry unit  100 . Once the user confirms that the proper longitude location has been selected on the display  700 , the longitude information is saved (step S 134 ) and a menu is again display allowing the user to select either latitude or longitude. As illustrated in  FIG. 12C , the user confirmed a present location of 135 degrees east longitude. If the user determines that the correct present location has not been saved, he can again select longitude or latitude and repeat the selection process. 
   Referring to  FIG. 12D , when the user indicates that the correct present location has been saved, the saved latitude/longitude information is transferred to the processor  400  (step S 135 ). The processor  400  generates directional information (step S 160 ) which is displayed on the display  700  (step S 170 ). 
     FIG. 13  illustrates the manual routine step S 140 . Step S 141  determines if user present location is to be determined by the user manually inputting, via the data entry unit  100 , the longitude and latitude information corresponding to his or her present location and waits for user information to be input. 
   The receive latitude/longitude step S 142  receives the latitude/longitude information from the data entry unit  100 . The select step S 143  determines whether the user has confirmed that the information received in step S 142  is selected as the user&#39;s present location. If the information is not confirmed, the routine returns to step S 141 . If the selected location is confirmed, the input position information step S 144  transfers the latitude/longitude information received in step S 142  to the processor  400  as the user&#39;s present location. 
     FIG. 14  illustrates various embodiments of typical screens from the display  700  when the user&#39;s present location is determined by the manual routine step S 140 . The input position step S 110  displays a menu allowing the user to select a place name search (step S 120 ), a map search (step S 130 ), or a manual input (step S 140 ). 
   When the user selects manual entry of present location (step S 140 ) a screen is displayed allowing the user to manually input the longitude and latitude corresponding to his or her present location and the routine waits for the user to input information (step S 142 ). 
   When the user inputs longitude and latitude information via the data entry unit  100 , the user information is retrieved from the data entry unit  100  (step S 142 ). Upon confirmation by the user that the inputted longitude and latitude information is correct (step S 143 ), the latitude/longitude information is transferred to the processor  400  (step S 144 ). The processor  400  generates directional information (step S 160 ) which is displayed on the display  700  (step S 170 ). 
     FIG. 15  illustrates the process direction display step S 170 . Step S 171  determines whether the directional information generated in the compute Mecca step S 160  is to be displayed as static textual information relative to a fixed reference direction or dynamic compass point information relative to a real-time compass point corresponding to the user&#39;s present location. It is contemplated that upon power-off or interruption of power to the mobile communication apparatus, the display of the directional information may be maintained. 
   If the directional information is to be displayed as static textual information relative to a fixed reference, the compute reference step S 172  utilizes the direction computing unit  410  of the processor to determine the relation between the reference direction and the Mecca direction. The fixed display step S 173  displays the static textual directional information on the display  700 . 
   If the directional information is to be displayed as dynamic compass point information, the read compass step S 174  determines the compass point information corresponding to the user&#39;s present location. The compute compass point step S 175  generates the compass point directional information by utilizing the compass computing unit  420  of the processor  400  to compare the compass point information corresponding to the user present location from step S 174  to the location of Mecca from step S 160 . The compass point directional information is displayed on the display  700  as dynamic compass point directional information by the interoperating display step S 176 . Even if the user is moving, the display of the directional information may be updated dynamically so that it remains accurate. 
     FIG. 16  illustrates the base station determination routine step S 200 . Step S 205  determines if user present location is to be determined by the location of the base station. If so, the controller  200  communicates with the base station corresponding to the cell in which the wireless communication apparatus  10  is presently located. 
   The connect to base station step S 210  utilizes the RF unit  610  of the transmitter/receiver  600  to communicate with the appropriate base station in order to access the database of the wireless communication apparatus  10 . The search position step S 220  searches the database of the device to retrieve the location information corresponding to the present location of the apparatus  10 . 
   It is contemplated that the default state of the wireless communication apparatus may be to determine the user&#39;s present location via the base station determination routine step S 200 . As illustrated in  FIG. 17 , if there is no user input to the menu displayed by the input position step S 110  of the manual determination routine step S 100 , the base station determination routine step S 200  is performed. The present location of the user is determined by the present location of the apparatus and the corresponding location information is transferred to the processor  400 . The processor  400  generates directional information (step S 160 ) which is displayed on the display  700  (step S 170 ). 
   The foregoing embodiments and advantages are merely exemplary and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. The present teaching can be readily applied to other types of apparatuses. The description of the present invention is intended to be illustrative, and not to limit the scope of the claims. Many alternatives, modifications, and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. In the claims, means-plus-function clauses are intended to cover the structure described herein as performing the recited function and not only structural equivalents but also equivalent structures.