Abstract:
A description is given of a filling system for the metered delivery of a lubricant, comprising a container for receiving the lubricant, wherein a rod interacts with the container, is mounted movably with respect to it and forces the lubricant out of an outlet opening arranged in the container. The invention also relates to cartridges for use in the filling system. One of the underlying objects of the invention was that of providing a filling system which can be supplemented by simple workshop means and enables the operator to fill up a lubricating system in a vehicle effortlessly within a short time. This object is achieved by a filling system in which the rod is rotatably mounted with respect to the container and turning of the rod in a predetermined direction of rotation brings about a reduction in the storage volume in the container or a handheld device and in which the rod has means for establishing a rotationally fixed connection with an adaptable turning tool.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The invention relates to a filling system for the metered delivery of a lubricant, comprising a container for receiving the lubricant, wherewith a rod interacts with the container, is mounted movably with respect to it, and forces the lubricant out of an outlet opening disposed in the container. The invention further relates to cartridges for use in the filling system. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Customary lubricating systems, particularly on commercial vehicles, are filled from large lubricant containers when they need refilling. These large containers are frequently large and unwieldy, because they require quite large stores of lubricant to be held in them. The term “lubricant” should be understood to include, in particular, highly viscous greases having a paste consistency. In order to minimize the time consumed in refilling, either the container itself must be equipped with costly and complex delivery technology, or it must be emptied using a suitable delivery apparatus. 
     For delivery of relatively small amounts of lubricants, cartridges or bags are known which are emptied by means of manual presses. Such a manual press operating by manual force for expelling a lubricant is disclosed in, e.g., DE 19749512A1. However, use of such a manual press results in a relatively long duration of refilling, and is inconvenient and difficult for the operator, particularly if it is desired to deliver the entire contents of the cartridge in a short time. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Accordingly, an underlying problem of the present invention was to devise a filling system which works well with simple shop means and which enables one in a short time to refill a lubricant system of a vehicle, without undue stress or difficulty on the part of the user. 
     A second underlying problem of the invention was to devise cartridges for use in the described filling system. 
     These problems were solved according to the invention by a system wherein the rod is rotatably mounted with respect to the container, and rotation of the rod in a predetermined direction of rotation brings about a reduction in the storage volume in the container or a handheld device; and wherein the rod has means for establishing a rotationally fixed connection with an adaptable rotating implement. 
     The term “adaptable rotating implement” is understood to mean, e.g., a rotational driver device (e.g. a battery-operated nut driver or even a wrench). As means on the rod for establishing a rotationally rigid connection, there may be provided, e.g., polygonal key configurations, e.g. square or hexagonal, which in particular may be provided on one end of the rod. As alternatives to key configurations (or sockets), other rapidly releasable shaft to driver couplings may be employed, e.g. bolt connections. 
     The essential advantage of the invention results from the reduction of the storage volume by the action of the rotatable rod on the contents. The energy needed to expel the lubricant is essentially supplied by the rotational implement, wherewith the speed of expulsion of the lubricant is controllable via the rotational speed of the rotational implement. The operator needs only to hold the container (or a manual apparatus associated with the container) in place. 
     If the container comprises a cartridge with a displaceable piston disposed inside, preferably the rod is in the form of a spindle. With this embodiment, the expulsion of the lubricant is brought about by the piston which as a result of the rotation of the spindle presses the lubricant in the delivery device in the direction of the outlet opening. Typically, the cartridge will have a cylindrical cross section. 
     According to a first advantageous embodiment, the spindle inter-engages with a thread disposed in the cartridge. The thread should be provided in a head-side end wall of the cartridge, so that the spindle becomes progressively screwed-in axially over the extent of the cartridge. With this embodiment, the cartridge with its content of lubricant, and the piston and spindle, together form a coordinated module. Thus, the user does not require any additional devices and can begin immediately after applying the rotational implement to deliver lubricant to the subject lubricant container [(on the destination vehicle or the like)]. 
     According to this embodiment, the piston and spindle may together be of unit construction. 
     With this arrangement, it is possible for the lubricant to be disposed on the side of the piston which is directed toward the spindle. An advantage of such an embodiment is that the overall length of the cartridge assembly containing the piston and spindle can be kept very small, which is particularly advantageous in that it offers a small shipping volume of the cartridge. The spindle does not project from the cartridge until it is rotated, at which time the overall length of the cartridge assembly begins to increase gradually. 
     Advantageously, with this embodiment the outlet opening and the thread for guiding the spindle are disposed on the same side of the cartridge. 
     According to a second advantageous embodiment, the cartridge is inserted into a manual apparatus, wherewith the spindle inter-engages with a thread disposed in the manual apparatus, and the end of the spindle comes to abut against the piston. The means of guiding of the spindle in the thread is thus no longer supplied in the cartridge itself but in the manual apparatus. This has the advantage that the spindle is not discarded after the emptying of the cartridge, but can be reused. 
     With both of the above-described embodiments, the lubricant can be disposed on the side of the piston which is directed away from the piston. As the spindle is rotated, the piston disposed at the end of the spindle is driven inward, and lubricant is expelled through the outlet opening, which opening is disposed on the side of the cartridge which is opposite to the side on which the thread is disposed. 
     According to a third embodiment, the container comprises a lubricant bag inserted in the manual apparatus, and the rod comprises a spindle which inter-engages with a thread disposed in the manual apparatus, which spindle has a piston on its end. With this embodiment, the spindle, piston, and manual apparatus together comprise a module which is reusable. After the lubricant bag is emptied, the only thing that needs to be disposed of is the bag itself or alternatively the bag may be re-filled. 
     According to a conceptually different embodiment, the container comprises a cartridge with a displaceable piston disposed inside, wherewith a region (segment) of the rod disposed inside the cartridge is in the form of a spindle, and the piston is guided by a thread on the spindle. Only the piston travels through the cartridge. This embodiment also has the advantage of small shipping volume. Also, there are no components which project from the cartridge during the emptying of the cartridge, thus there is no problem of soiling resulting from lubricant which adheres to the spindle. 
     With this embodiment it is particularly advantageous if the rod is radially rotatably mounted in the opposite end wall of the cartridge, with the lubricant being disposed between the piston and the outlet opening. 
     Advantageously, means are provided to prevent the piston from rotating in the circumferential direction along with the spindle. These means may comprise axially oriented guide rails or a polygonal cross sectional geometry of the cartridge. 
     A principle of the above-described embodiments is that the piston is moved in the axial direction by rotation of the spindle. 
     According to an alternative embodiment of a filling system with a structurally different concept, the container comprises a lubricant bag which is inserted into a manual apparatus and is fixed to the rod by means of an attachment side of said bag. By rotation of the rod, the lubricant bag is wound up onto the rod, and lubricant is forced out, preferably through an outlet opening disposed on the side of the bag which is opposite to the attachment side. During this process, the rod retains its position in the axial direction. It is particularly advantageous if the lubricant bag is drawn in through a housing slot in the manual apparatus, whereby the lubricant is forced in the direction of the outlet opening. 
     According to another advantageous embodiment of the filling system, the rod is in the form of a first toothed shaft and the container is in the form of a lubricant bag, wherewith the first toothed shaft inter-engages with a second toothed shaft, and the lubricant bag is inserted between the toothed shafts at least one insertion side of said bag. For this process, at least the first toothed shaft is connected to a rotational implement, via means associated with said shaft for establishing a rotationally rigid connection. It is also possible to provide means for driving the second toothed shaft synchronously with the first toothed shaft. 
     By adjustment of the gap between the toothed shafts, only the lubricant bag is drawn in, and the lubricant is forced in the direction of an outlet opening, which opening is advantageously disposed on the side of the bag which is opposite to the insertion side. 
     With all of the embodiments of the filling system, advantageously a lubricant hose having a lubrication nipple fitting at its end can be attached to the outlet opening. This fitting is used to connect to the lubrication system of the vehicle being lubricated. 
     The underlying problem of the invention is also solved by a filling system for metered delivery of a lubricant, comprising a container for receiving the lubricant, wherein a piston which is movably mounted with respect to said container interacts with said container, which piston forces the lubricant out of an outlet opening disposed in the container. The departure from the state of the art in this solution is that a through-going opening with a connecting flange is formed in the container on the side thereof which is opposite to the side of the piston directed toward the lubricant. 
     With this embodiment, the piston is moved by a gas which expands into the container, wherewith the piston forces the lubricant in the direction of the outlet opening. 
     Advantageously, a pressure cylinder can be connected to the connecting flange. The pressure cylinder should be of an appropriate size in relation to the amount of lubricant to be expelled and the displacement needed therefore. This connection of the pressure cylinder can be realized, e.g., via a threaded connection. The pressure cylinder may be in the form of, e.g., an ordinary commercially available CO 2  cartridge. 
     The desired objective can be achieved according to the invention if the cartridge comprises a piston and a spindle which engages the piston, wherewith the spindle also engages a thread in the cartridge, and has on one end means for establishing a rotationally rigid connection to an adaptable rotational implement. 
     Also suitable are cartridges having a rod which extends out from the cartridge at least one end, and which has inside the cartridge a region (segment) in the form of a spindle as well as a threaded piston, wherewith the rod has on an end means for establishing a rotationally rigid connection to an adaptable rotational implement. 
     With this embodiment, at least one guide means may be provided on the interior side of the peripheral wall, which guide means prevents rotation of the piston in the circumferential direction along with the rotation of the spindle. 
     The cartridge may have, at the transition region between the piston and the spindle, a breaking point where a breakable closure device will be broken. This breaking point may be disposed at the end of the axial excursion of the piston, so as to separate the piston from the spindle. Thus the cartridge and the piston disposed therein are rendered unusable, and one prevents situations such as cartridges with inferior lubricant content entering the stream of commerce, or spent cartridges being refilled with lubricant of inferior quality. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       For improved understanding, the invention will be described in more detail hereinbelow with reference to a total of nine Figures. 
         FIG. 1  is a schematic longitudinal cross section through a filling system according to a first embodiment; 
         FIG. 2  is a schematic longitudinal cross section through a filling system according to a second embodiment; 
         FIG. 3   a  is a schematic longitudinal cross section through a filling system according to a third embodiment, with the cartridge filled; 
         FIG. 3   b  is a schematic longitudinal cross section through a filling system according to a third embodiment, with the cartridge essentially emptied; 
         FIG. 4  is a schematic longitudinal cross section through a filling system according to a fourth embodiment; 
         FIG. 5  is a schematic longitudinal cross section through a filling system according to a fifth embodiment; 
         FIG. 6  is a cross section through a filling system according to a sixth embodiment; 
         FIG. 7  is a longitudinal cross section through a filling system according to  FIG. 6 ; 
         FIG. 8  is a cross section through a filling system according to a seventh embodiment; and 
         FIG. 9  is a longitudinal cross section through a filling system having a pressure cylinder. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       FIG. 1  shows a filling system according to a first embodiment, in longitudinal cross section. The filling system comprises a cylindrical cartridge  6  which serves as a container  2  for the lubricant  1 . The axial extent of the cartridge  6  is a multiple of its diameter. 
     The cartridge  6  is closed off by end walls ( 13   a ,  13   b , respectively). End wall  13   a  has a centrally disposed outlet opening  4  through which lubricant  1  can exit the cartridge  6 . For the purposes of storage and shipping, the outlet opening  4  is closed off with a removable film in order to avoid unintended losses of the lubricant  1 . 
     The end wall  13   b  which is opposite to end wall  13   a  has a centrally disposed through-going opening  28  through which a plunger  3  is introduced into the interior of the cartridge. The plunger  3  is in the form of a spindle  8  over nearly its entire length apart from a polygonal region, e.g. key configuration,  20 , at its distal end which allows a rotationally fixed connection to a rotational implement to be established; the interior region of plunger  3  interior to the cartridge  6  bears a piston  7 . 
     In the interior of the opening  28  in the end wall  13   b  a thread  9  is cut which cooperates with a thread on the spindle  8 , whereby rotational movement of the spindle  8  in direction  21  results in lateral translational movement of the piston  7 . The length of the spindle  8  should correspond at least to the length of the cartridge  6 , in order to enable complete emptying of the cartridge  6 . 
     The filling system has a storage volume  5  for receiving the lubricant  1 , which volume  5  is defined by the cartridge with its end wall  13   a  and the piston  7 . The piston  7  is axially movably guided by the walls of the cartridge  6 , and seals the storage volume  5  in the radial direction at the region of transition between the piston  7  and the cartridge  6 . When the spindle  8  is rotated, the piston  7  is moved in the direction of the outlet opening  4 , whereby the storage volume  5  becomes smaller, causing the lubricant  1  to be expelled from the outlet opening  4 . 
     An alternative embodiment is illustrated in  FIG. 2 , wherein in the filled state of the cartridge  6  the piston  7  and spindle  8  are fully extended into the cartridge, wherewith essentially the only part of the plunger assembly which is exterior to the cartridge is the polygonal key region  20 . The outlet opening  4  is disposed near the threaded opening  28  with thread  9  in the end wall  13   b  of the cartridge  6 . 
     The storage volume  5  for the lubricant  1  in this embodiment is formed by the piston  7 , the walls of the cartridge  6 , and the end wall  13   b . When the spindle  8  is rotated, the piston is withdrawn through the cartridge  6  in the direction of the end wall  13   b , and forces the lubricant  1  in the direction of the outlet opening  4 . The advantage of this embodiment is the compactness desirable e.g. for shipping, in that the spindle  8  is initially essentially interior to the cartridge  6 , with very little of the spindle extending to the outside. 
       FIG. 3   a  illustrates an embodiment having a rod  3  which is fixed in the axial direction. Rod  3  extends completely through the cartridge  6  and is held at each end wall  13   a ,  13   b  by a respective bearing  18 ,  18 . The rod  3  has a region  12  interior to the cartridge  6  which is in the form of a threaded spindle  8 . At one end of the rod  3  extending exteriorly of the cartridge  6 , a polygonal key region  20  is provided which enables rotationally rigid connection to a rotational drive means. 
     A piston  7  disposed in the cartridge  6  is engaged by the spindle  8 . When the cartridge  6  is in the filled state, the piston  7  is disposed close to the end wall  13   b . The storage volume  5  is formed by the cartridge  6 , the piston  7 , and the end wall  13   a , and is completely filled with lubricant  1 . 
     When the spindle  8  is rotated, the piston  7  moves over the spindle in the direction of the outlet opening  4 . The lubricant  1  ahead of the piston  7  is thereby also forced in the direction of the outlet opening  4 . A flexible lubricant hose  26  is provided at the outlet opening; at its opposite end, hose  26  bears a lubricating nipple connector  27  for connecting to a corresponding nipple of the apparatus to be lubricated. 
       FIG. 3   b  illustrates the situation after nearly complete emptying of the lubricant  1 . The piston  7  has been moved on the spindle  8  to essentially its maximum extent toward the end wall  13   a , wherewith the storage volume  5  has been greatly diminished. Interiorly of the cartridge on the peripheral walls  16  one can now see the guide means  17  which have served to guide the piston  7  in the axial direction with the aid of corresponding recesses in the piston. The guide means  17  are in the form of axially directed ridges, and they prevent rotation of the piston in the circumferential direction as the rod  3  is rotated. 
     The essential advantage of this embodiment is that the rod  3  remains interior to the cartridge  6  regardless of the state of filling of the lubricant  1 , and thus does not need to be accommodated outside the cartridge  6 . 
       FIG. 4  illustrates an alternative embodiment wherein the lubricant  1  is loaded into a cartridge  6  which is closed off at its ends by end walls ( 13   a ,  13   b , respectively). The end wall  13   a  of cartridge  6  has a central outlet opening  4 . In the opposite end wall  13   b , a through-going opening  28  is provided as a breaking point where a breakable closure device will be broken. Thus the cartridge  6  itself has only a piston  7 . 
     The cartridge  6  is installed in a manual apparatus  10  which accommodates via a thread  9  the rod  3  in the form of a spindle  8 . When the rod  3  is rotated at the polygonal key region  20  provided to facilitate such rotation, the spindle  8  is forced into the cartridge  6 . With continued rotation of the spindle  8 , the piston  7  is advanced forcibly toward the end wall  13   a , and the lubricant  1  is expelled. 
     The rod  3  is associated with the manual apparatus  10  such that after the emptying of the cartridge the rod  3  and spindle  8  can be reused. Also, the shipping volume of the cartridges  6  is very small. 
     Another embodiment is illustrated in  FIG. 5 . Here the piston  7  and rod  3  are both in the structural unit comprising the manual apparatus  10 . 
     The container  2  for the lubricant  1  is a flexible lubricant bag  11  which has an outlet opening  4  on one side. The outlet opening comes to extend outside the manual apparatus  10 , so that a lubricating hose (see  FIG. 3   a ) can be connected to it. For filling the lubricant system, one merely inserts the lubricant bag  11  in the partially opened or to be opened manual apparatus  10 . Then, the rod  3  is caused to rotate, via a rotating implement (not shown), so that the piston  7  is pressed against the lubricant bag  11 . As the spindle  8  in the manual apparatus  10  is further rotated, the storage volume is decreased, and the lubricant  1  is expelled out of the outlet opening  4 . After the lubricant is essentially completely removed from the lubricant bag  11 , the spent bag can be removed and replaced with another filled lubricant bag  11 . 
       FIGS. 6 and 7  illustrate a different embodiment of the invention, wherein the lubricant  1  also is held ready for use in a lubricant bag  11 . The lubricant bag  11  is first inserted with one attachment side  14  into a manual apparatus  10 , and is fixed to a rod  3  which extends through the apparatus  10 . 
     The manual apparatus  10  has an essentially cylindrical shape with a tangential housing slot  19  which runs parallel to the axial extent of the apparatus. The lubricant bag  11  is drawn through the slot  19  into the interior of the manual apparatus  10 , with the slot having the function of expelling lubricant by squeezing. As the rod  3  is rotated, the lubricant bag  11  becomes wound around the rod, so that the storage volume  5  outside the apparatus  10  steadily decreases, and the lubricant  1  is pressed out of the outlet opening  4 . Preferably, the outlet opening  4  is disposed on the opposite side  15  of the lubricant bag  11  from the attachment side  14 . 
     As seen in the longitudinal cross sectional view in  FIG. 7 , the rod  3  extends through the manual apparatus  10  and is fixedly but rotatably mounted on bearings ( 18 ,  18 ) in the respective end walls ( 13   a ,  13   b ) of the apparatus  10 . A polygonal key extension  20  of the rod  3  is present in the region of the end wall  13   b.    
     Still another alternative embodiment of the invention is illustrated in  FIG. 8 . The container  2  is in the form of a lubricant bag  11 , containing the lubricant  1 . The bag  11  prior to being used is brought with its insertion side  24  into the area of engagement of two mutually engaged toothed shafts ( 22 ,  23 ). The first toothed shaft  22  has on at least one side an octagonal key surface  20  which can be rotationally rigidly connected to a rotational implement (not shown). As the first and second toothed shafts ( 22 ,  23 ) are set in motion, the lubricant bag  11  is drawn in increasingly to them (in and through their region of inter-engagement), so that lubricant  1 , e.g. grease, is forced out of the outlet opening  4 . The outlet opening  4  should be on the opposite side  25  to the insertion side  24  of the lubricant bag  11 . 
     A conceptually different embodiment of the filling system is illustrated in  FIG. 9 . In the end wall  13   b  of the container  2 , a through-going opening  29  is provided which is concentrically surrounded by a connecting flange  30 . A pressure cylinder  31  is releasably attached to the connecting flange  30 . When the pressure cylinder  31  has been installed, it is opened and the pressurized gas which it contains is liberated, and flows into the container  2 , to force the piston  7  in the direction of the opposite end wall  13   a  of the cartridge. The lubricant  1  which is ahead of the piston is thereby forced toward the outlet opening  4  and exits through said opening. 
     LIST OF REFERENCE NUMERALS 
     
         
           1  Lubricant. 
           2  Container. 
           3  Rod. 
           4  Outlet opening. 
           5  Storage volume. 
           6  Cartridge. 
           7  Piston. 
           8  Spindle. 
           9  Thread. 
           10  Manual apparatus. 
           11  Lubricant bag. 
           12  Spindle segment. 
           13   a ,  13   b  End wall of the cartridge or manual apparatus. 
           14  Attachment side. 
           15  Side opposite to the attachment side. 
           16  Peripheral wall. 
           17  Guide means. 
           18  Bearing. 
           19  Slot in housing. 
           20  Means for rotationally rigid connection, e.g. polygonal key configuration. 
           21  Direction of rotation. 
           22  First toothed shaft. 
           23  Second toothed shaft. 
           24  Insertion side of lubricant bag. 
           25  Side of lubricant bag opposite to the insertion side. 
           26  Lubricant hose. 
           27  Lubricant nipple connection. 
           28  Through-going opening. 
           29  Opening. 
           30  Connecting flange. 
           31 _P Pressure cylinder.