Abstract:
The present invention relates to an herbal ophthalmic composition of  Withania somnifera  and  Areca catechu,  which reduces intra ocular pressure of eyes in a synergistic manner. A composition of  Withania somnifera  and  Areca catechu  acts synergistically with the other ingredients when formulated as a composition of the present invention.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0001]    The present invention relates to a synergistic herbal ophthalmic composition for lowering the intra ocular pressure in glaucoma and process for the preparation of the same in pharmaceutically acceptable dosage forms. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    Glaucoma is a disease characterized by high intraocular pressure (IOP) sufficient to cause either temporary or permanent impairment of vision. The rise in IOP might be due to increased rate of aqueous formation, decreased rate of out flow, or raised pressure in the draining episcleral veins. An obstruction to the circulation of the aqueous at the pupil or to its drainage through the angle of the anterior chamber causes glaucoma. The normal IOP of an individual ranges from 20-30 mm Hg and can rise up to 60 to 70 mm of Hg in glaucoma patients. Raised IOP of this magnitude can result in loss of vision by causing damage to retinal nerve fibers. Optic nerve axons of the eyeball become compressed at the optic disc due to elevated IOP. This compression probably blocks the axonal flow of cytoplasm from the neuronal cell bodies in the retina to the extended optic nerve fibers entering the brain. This results in lack of nutrition of fibers and ultimately causes death of the neurons. Compression of retinal artery may increase the neuronal damage due to reduction in retinal nutrition. Thus reduction of IOP is an effective means for curing Glaucoma. 
         [0003]    Prompt and effective management of glaucoma is necessary to reduce the incidence of cases of bilateral blindness due to progressive glaucoma. Biological revolution in medicine has provided new avenues for therapeutic intervention. Newer and innovative treatment strategies are being considered for the control of raised intraocular pressure (IOP) by the use of synthetic and herbal drugs in glaucoma. Herbal drugs are preferred to the synthetic drugs as they are economic, non toxic and safe. Moreover, in a sensitive organ like eye, a safer herbal formulation is preferred to a synthetic formulation. 
         [0004]    There are some synthetic drugs used in the treatment of glaucoma like Latanoprost, Timolol, Brimonidine, Travoprost, Bimaprost, Pilocarpine etc. which can decrease aqueous production in the ciliary body or increase aqueous humor outflow through the trabecular meshwork or uveoscleral pathway but on long term use these agents cause side effects like bradycardia, tachyphylaxis, blurred vision, pigmentation etc, apart from their high cost of therapy. Some plants have been reported in the ancient literature for ophthalmic use but there are no scientific data on them. No herbal formulation is available for the treatment of glaucoma in the market. Hence an objective of the present invention is to provide a herbal formulation effective for the treatment of glaucoma. 
       OBJECTIVES OF THE INVENTION 
       [0005]    The object of the present invention is to develop herbal synergistic composition for its study as IOP lowering and anti glaucoma potential in experimental models. 
         [0006]    Another object of the present invention is to formulate the synergistic herbal composition in to pharmaceutically acceptable ophthalmic dosage form with optimum anti glaucoma activity. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0007]    The present invention relates to a synergistic ophthalmic composition prepared from  Withania Somnifera  in combination  Areca catechu  with HPMC for lowering IOP in glaucoma. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0008]    Accordingly present invention provides a synergistic herbal ophthalmic formulation for lowering IOP in glaucoma. 
         [0009]    The synergistic herbal composition of the present invention comprises extract of herbs selected from  Withania somnifera  and  Areca catechu  optionally along with a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient wherein the amount of  Withania somnifera  extract is in the range of 0.01% to 5.0%,  Areca catechu  extract is in the range of 0.01 to 5.0 %. The excipients comprise, viscoelastic agent, solubility enhancing agent, antioxidant, preservative, osmolality agent, buffering agent. 
         [0010]    Preferably, the amount of  Withania somnifera  extract in the composition is 1%, the preferred amount of  Areca catechu  extract is 0.50%. 
         [0011]    The synergistic herbal composition of the present invention comprises as excipient a viscoelastic agent that is preferably selected from the group of carboxyl methyl cellulose, poly vinyl alcohol, hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), hydroxy ethyl cellulose, and other suitable cellulose derivative, poly vinyl alcohol, povidone, carbopol, caragenin and dextran. In general, the amount of the viscoelastic agent, i.e. such as HPMC contained in the composition is preferably 0.25 to 2% and most preferably 0.25%. 
         [0012]    The composition also includes solubility enhancing agent such as polysorbate, cyclodextrin and their derivative, most preferably Cremophore RH40. 
         [0013]    The composition may also include ananti oxidant such as citric acid, EDTA and salts thereof, sodium metabisulphite and other approved water soluble anti oxidant. The composition may further comprise a buffering agent such as citrate, borate, phosphate, citro phosphate and osmolarity adjusting agent such as sodium chloride, mannitol and glycerol. 
         [0014]    The composition in addition may comprise a preservative such as benzalkonium chloride, sorbic acid, methyl paraben, propyl paraben, and salts thereof and most preferably Benzalkonium chloride, methyl paraben sodium, propyl paraben sodium and sorbic acid. 
         [0015]    The composition of the present invention is preferably packaged in opaque plastic container, one that may be presented in the form of eye drops packed in glass vial preferably amber colored, BFS plastic vial desirably opaque or three-piece plastic vial most preferably in opaque plastic three piece vials. The composition may be formulated as drops, ointment, gel and cream most preferably as eye drops 
         [0016]    The viscosity of the composition may be 10-100 cps and most preferably 12.5 cps. The osmolality of the composition may be 250-450 and most preferably250-300. The pH of the composition of the present invention may be between 4-8 and most preferably 5-7. 
         [0017]    The composition may be clear, transparent having light brown color. 
         [0018]    In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the composition of the present invention may be prepared by a process comprising.
       1. obtaining a dry extract of  Withania somnifera  and  Areca catechu      2. mixing the dry extract with a viscoelastic agent and solubility enhancing agent in water to obtain a solution   3. optionally purifying the solution of step (ii) to obtain a clear filtrate and adding a preservative and an antioxidant,   4. adjusting the pH of the solution of step (iii) to 5-7 and making up the desired volume with water for injection to obtain the composition.       
 
         [0023]    Advantages 
         [0024]    Composition of the type as illustrated by the present invention has been found to be substantially stable and efficacious to the composition without the viscoelastic agent and also in comparison to the compositions of the individual herbs. 
         [0025]    The invention is described in detail herein below with respect to the following examples, which are provided merely for illustration and are not intended to restrict scope of invention in any manner. Any embodiments that may be apparent to a person skilled in the art are deemed to fall within the scope of present invention. 
       EXAMPLE 1 
     Preparation of Composition 
       [0026]    (i)  Withania somnifera  and  Areca catechu  with HPMC Ophthalmic Formulation (F4) of the Present Invention Comprises: 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
               
                 S.N. 
                 Ingredients 
                 Quantity for 100 ml (mg) 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 1 
                   Withania somnifera  extract 
                 1000 
               
               
                 2 
                   Areca catechu  extract 
                 500 
               
               
                 3 
                 Hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose 
                 250 
               
               
                 4 
                 Methyl paraben sodium 
                 200 
               
               
                 5 
                 Propyl paraben sodium 
                 20 
               
               
                 6 
                 Disodium EDTA 
                 100 
               
               
                 7 
                 Sodium metabisulphite 
                 100 
               
               
                 8 
                 Boric acid quantity sufficient to pH 6.5 
                 q.s. 
               
               
                 9 
                 Water for injection q.s.to volume 
                 q.s. 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0027]    Procedure: 
         [0028]    Hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) was dissolved in about 50 ml of water under stirring. Once it dissolved completely, the  Withania Somnifera  and  Areca catechu  extract were added to this and dissolved under stirring. The solution was then centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 30 minutes and clear liquid was collected. Methyl and propyl paraben was dissolved in around 10 ml of water and added to clear filtrate containing the extract and HPMC under stirring. To this solution disodium EDTA and sodium metabisulfite were then dissolved in main bulk under stirring. pH was then adjusted with dilute boric acid solution and volume is made up to desired level. The solution was filtered using 0.22 micron filtered aseptically and product was filled in 10 ml three piece plastic vials. 
       EXAMPLE 2 
       [0029]    Effect of Composition on Antiglaucoma Activity in Normotensive Model for Glaucoma 
         [0030]    The composition of Example 1 was prepared (F4). Compositions similar to that of Example 1 was prepared but without certain ingredients in order to assess the synergistic effect of composition of example 1. A composition was prepared with the extract of  Withania somnifera  and HPMC but without the extract of  Areca catechu  (F1), another with the extract of  Areca catechu  and HPMC but without the extract of  Withania somifera  (F2). Further another composition comprising the extract of  Withania somnifera  and  Areca catechu  but without HPMC was prepared (F3). 
         [0031]    The effect of composition as prepared in example 1 (F4) was compared with the other compositions, namely F1, F2 and F3. The anti glaucoma activity was evaluated by examining the IOP in rabbits using the normotensive model of glaucoma. 
         [0032]    Twelve Albino rabbits of either sex weighing 1.5-2 kg were subjected for baseline IOP measurements using Non Contact Tonometer. The drug (50 μl) was then instilled into one of the eye while the other eye served as the control eye and was instilled with normal saline (50 μl). IOP was then recorded at different time intervals of 0,1,2,3,4,5,and 6 hours. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 IOP lowering effect of  Withania somnifera  with HPMC (F1) in 
               
               
                 normotensive model 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                   
                   
                 % Change in IOP 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Time 
                   
                 (from the baseline values) 
                 % Difference Treated 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 (hrs) 
                 TE 
                 CE 
                 Eye − Control Eye 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 0 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 0.5 
                 −12.14 
                 0.34 
                 −12.48 
               
               
                   
                 1 
                 −14.69 
                 −2.08 
                 −12.61 
               
               
                   
                 1.5 
                 −17.37 
                 −2.95 
                 −14.42 
               
               
                   
                 2 
                 −19.19 
                 −1.72 
                 −17.47 
               
               
                   
                 2.5 
                 −23.10 
                 −3.02 
                 −20.08 
               
               
                   
                 3 
                 −18.90 
                 −3.36 
                 −15.54 
               
               
                   
                 3.5 
                 −15.28 
                 −3.36 
                 −11.92 
               
               
                   
                 4 
                 −13.79 
                 −1.32 
                 −12.47 
               
               
                   
                 5 
                 −7.22 
                 0.90 
                 −8.12 
               
               
                   
                 6 
                 −3.24 
                 −0.39 
                 −2.85 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 IOP lowering effect of  Areca catechu  with HPMC (F2) 
               
               
                 in normotensive model 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                   
                 % Change 
                   
               
               
                 Time in 
                 % Change in IOP 
                 in IOP 
                 % Difference in IOP Treated 
               
               
                 hours 
                 Treated eye 
                 Control eye 
                 Eye − Control Eye 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 0 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                 0.5 
                 −13.59 
                 −2.54 
                 −11.05 
               
               
                 1 
                 −17.63 
                 −1.16 
                 −16.47 
               
               
                 1.5 
                 −19.68 
                 −1.94 
                 −17.74 
               
               
                 2 
                 −20.60 
                 −0.75 
                 −19.85 
               
               
                 3 
                 −17.53 
                 −2.58 
                 −14.95 
               
               
                 4 
                 −15.71 
                 −1.23 
                 −14.48 
               
               
                 5 
                 −9.88 
                 −0.48 
                 −9.41 
               
               
                 6 
                 −5.54 
                 −2.96 
                 −2.58 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 3 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 IOP lowering effect of  Withania somnifera  and  Areca catechu   
               
               
                 without HPMC (F3) in normotensive model 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                   
                 % Change 
                   
               
               
                 Time in 
                 % Change in IOP 
                 in IOP 
                 % Difference in IOP Treated 
               
               
                 hours 
                 Treated eye 
                 Control eye 
                 Eye − Control Eye 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                 1 
                 −13.61 
                 −1.31 
                 −12.30 
               
               
                 2 
                 −19.45 
                 −1.59 
                 −17.86 
               
               
                 3 
                 −25.86 
                 −1.59 
                 −24.27 
               
               
                 4 
                 −21.16 
                 −1.40 
                 −19.76 
               
               
                 5 
                 −16.75 
                 0.26 
                 −17.01 
               
               
                 6 
                 −8.16 
                 0.38 
                 −8.54 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 4 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 IOP lowering effect of  Withania somnifera  and  Areca catechu  with 
               
               
                 HPMC (F4) in normotensive model 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                   
                 % Change 
                   
               
               
                 Time in 
                 % Change in IOP 
                 in IOP 
                 % Difference in IOP Treated 
               
               
                 hours 
                 Treated eye 
                 Control eye 
                 Eye − Control Eye 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                 1 
                 −14.7462 
                 −2.22854 
                 −12.5177 
               
               
                 2 
                 −23.1291 
                 −1.24795 
                 −21.8811 
               
               
                 3 
                 −31.0132 
                 −2.96783 
                 −28.0453 
               
               
                 4 
                 −28.0258 
                 −1.44005 
                 −26.5858 
               
               
                 5 
                 −20.91 
                 1.070348 
                 −21.9804 
               
               
                 6 
                 −14.7304 
                 −0.27798 
                 −14.4524 
               
               
                 7 
                 −6.09508 
                 −1.39676 
                 −4.69832 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 5 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Comparative data of IOP lowering effect of  Withania somnifera   
               
               
                 (F1) and  Areca catechu  (F2) alone and in combination without (F3) or with 
               
               
                 HPMC (F4) in normotensive model. 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 % Difference 
                   
                   
                 % Difference 
               
               
                   
                 between test 
                 % Difference 
                 % Difference between 
                 between test and 
               
               
                   
                 and control 
                 between test and 
                 test and control eye 
                 control eye 
               
               
                   
                 eye 
                 control eye 
                 (Combination) without 
                 (Combination) 
               
               
                 Time 
                 ( W. somnifera ) 
                 ( A. catechu ) F2 
                 HPMC (F3 
                 with HPMC (F4 
               
               
                 (Hours) 
                 F1 formulation 
                 formulation 
                 formulation) 
                 formulation) 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                 1 
                 −12.61 
                 −16.47 
                 −12.30 
                 −12.5177 
               
               
                 2 
                 −17.47 
                 −19.85 
                 −17.86 
                 −21.8811 
               
               
                 3 
                 −15.54 
                 −14.95 
                 −24.27 
                 −28.0453 
               
               
                 4 
                 −12.47 
                 −14.48 
                 −19.76 
                 −26.5858 
               
               
                 5 
                 −8.12 
                 −9.41 
                 −17.01 
                 −21.9804 
               
               
                 6 
                 −2.85 
                 −2.58 
                 −8.54 
                 −14.4524 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0033]    The result for lowering of IOP by a composition F1 is provided in Table 1, F2 in table 2, F3 in table 3 and F4 in Table 4. It can be seen from all the tables that the IOP is not lowered by the control hence the effect is only due to the composition. It can be seen that the IOP is lowered by all of the compositions, F1 to F4 (Table 1 to 4). However, the % change of IOP in treated eye and % Difference in IOP of Treated Eye-Control Eye is the greatest in the composition containing HPMC,  Withania somifera  and  Areca catechu  (F4) than any other composition (Table 5), suggesting that the composition containing HPMC,  Withania somifera  and  Areca catechu  shows enhanced efficacy to the other compositions. It also indicates that the composition as prepared in Example 1 acts synergistically, in comparison to the composition without HPMC, or without  Withania somifera  or without  Areca catechu.    
       EXAMPLE 2 
       [0034]    Effect of Composition on Antiglaucoma Activity in Water Loading Model for Glaucoma 
         [0035]    The composition of Example 1 was prepared (F4) and compared with the composition prepared with the extract of  Withania somnifera  and HPMC but without the extract of  Areca catechu  (F1), another with the extract of  Areca catechu  and HPMC but without the extract of  Withania somifera  (F2). The anti glaucoma activity was evaluated by examining the IOP in rabbits using the water loading model of glaucoma 
         [0036]    Twelve Albino rabbits of either sex were fasted overnight. Preliminary experiments were conducted to determine the time of administration of drug prior to water load required for appearance of maximal inhibitory effect. One eye was treated with test solution and the contralateral eye serving as control. Ocular hypertension was induced in conscious rabbits by delivering 70 ml/kg body weight by orogastric intubation. IOP was measured every 15-min for a period of 120 minutes. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 6 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 IOP lowering effect of  Withania somnifera  with HPMC (F1) 
               
               
                 in water loaded model 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 % Change 
                   
                   
               
               
                 Time in 
                 in IOP 
                 % Change in 
                 % Difference in IOP Treated 
               
               
                 minutes 
                 Treated eye 
                 IOP Control eye 
                 Eye − Control eye 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 0 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0 
               
               
                 15 
                 17.82 
                 42.56 
                 −24.74 
               
               
                 30 
                 46.96 
                 77.53 
                 −30.57 
               
               
                 45 
                 48.43 
                 87.14 
                 −38.71 
               
               
                 60 
                 40.66 
                 72.83 
                 −32.17 
               
               
                 75 
                 36.27 
                 65.65 
                 −29.38 
               
               
                 90 
                 32.72 
                 58.98 
                 −26.26 
               
               
                 120 
                 10.46 
                 17.81 
                 −7.35 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 7 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 IOP lowering effect of  Areca catechu  with HPMC (F2) 
               
               
                 in water loaded model 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 % Change 
                   
                   
               
               
                 Time in 
                 in IOP 
                 % Change in 
                 % Difference in IOP Treated 
               
               
                 minutes 
                 Treated eye 
                 IOP Control eye 
                 Eye − Control eye 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 0 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                 15 
                 24.10 
                 46.22 
                 −22.13 
               
               
                 30 
                 41.48 
                 72.98 
                 −31.50 
               
               
                 45 
                 69.10 
                 101.96 
                 −32.87 
               
               
                 60 
                 57.97 
                 84.18 
                 −26.21 
               
               
                 75 
                 42.14 
                 64.31 
                 −22.17 
               
               
                 90 
                 35.27 
                 49.39 
                 −14.12 
               
               
                 120 
                 12.44 
                 15.69 
                 −3.25 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 8 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 IOP lowering effect of Withania somnifera and  Areca catechu   
               
               
                 with HPMC (F4) in water loading model 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                   
                   
                 % Difference in IOP 
               
               
                 Time in 
                 % Change in IOP 
                 % Change in IOP 
                 Treated Eye − Control 
               
               
                 minutes 
                 Treated eye 
                 Control eye 
                 Eye 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 0 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                 15 
                 25.56 
                 50.10 
                 −24.54 
               
               
                 30 
                 45.72 
                 79.241 
                 −33.51 
               
               
                 45 
                 64.64 
                 111.11 
                 −46.47 
               
               
                 60 
                 76.65 
                 118.25 
                 −41.60 
               
               
                 75 
                 67.97 
                 100.46 
                 −32.48 
               
               
                 90 
                 43.32 
                 66.94 
                 −23.62 
               
               
                 120 
                 13.39 
                 18.69 
                 −5.496 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 9 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Comparative data of IOP lowering effect of  Withania somnifera   
               
               
                 (F1) and  Areca catechu  (F2) alone and in combination with 
               
               
                 HPMC (F4) in water loading model. 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 % Difference 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 between test 
                 % Difference 
               
               
                   
                 and control 
                 between test and 
                 % Difference between 
               
               
                   
                 eye 
                 control eye 
                 test and control eye 
               
               
                 Time in 
                 ( W. somnifera ) 
                 ( A. catechu ) F2 
                 (Combination) F4 
               
               
                 minutes 
                 F1 formulation 
                 formulation 
                 formulation 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 0 
                 0 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                 15 
                 −24.74 
                 −22.13 
                 −24.54 
               
               
                 30 
                 −30.57 
                 −31.50 
                 −33.51 
               
               
                 45 
                 −38.71 
                 −32.87 
                 −46.47 
               
               
                 60 
                 −32.17 
                 −26.21 
                 −41.60 
               
               
                 75 
                 −29.38 
                 −22.17 
                 −32.48 
               
               
                 90 
                 −26.26 
                 −14.12 
                 −23.62 
               
               
                 120 
                 −7.35 
                 −3.25 
                 −5.496 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0037]    The result for lowering of IOP by a composition F1 is provided in Table 6, F2 in Table 7, and F4 in Table 8. It can be seen from all the tables that the IOP is not lowered by the control hence the effect is only due to the composition. It can be seen that the IOP is lowered by all of the compositions, F1, F2 and F4 (Table 6 to 8). However, the % change of IOP in treated eye and % Difference in IOP of Treated Eye-Control Eye is the greatest in the composition containing HPMC,  Withania somifera  and  Areca catechu  (F4) than any other composition (Table 9), suggesting that the composition containing HPMC,  Withania somifera  and  Areca catechu  shows enhanced efficacy to the other compositions. It also indicates that the composition as prepared in Example 1 acts synergistically, in comparison to the composition without  Withania somifera  or without  Areca catechu.    
       EXAMPLE 3 
       [0038]    Effect of Composition on Antiglaucoma Activity in Steroid Induced Model for Glaucoma 
         [0039]    The composition of Example 1 was prepared (F4) and compared with the composition prepared with the extract of  Withania somnifera  and HPMC but without the extract of  Areca catechu  (F1), another with the extract of  Areca catechu  and HPMC but without the extract of  Withania somifera  (F2). The anti glaucoma activity was evaluated by examining the IOP in rabbits using the steroid model of glaucoma 
         [0040]    Young rabbits (twelve) were trained to accept tonometry and then IOP was measured daily for 15 days so as to make a record of baseline IOP. These rabbits were then instilled with prednisolone 1% eye drops (10 μl) in the test eye and normal saline (10 μl) in the control eye, twice a day for a period of 40 days. IOP was measured twice a week during steroid treatment period. At the end of 40 days rabbits were subjected to evaluation of antiglaucoma activity. The concentration of drug showing best effect in normotensive model was further tested in steroid induced glaucoma model. IOP measurements were done at different time intervals. This model mimics the chronic open angle glaucoma. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 10 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 IOP lowering effect of  Withania somnifera  with 
               
               
                 HPMC (F1) in steroid model 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                   
                 % Change 
                   
               
               
                 Time in 
                 % Change in 
                 in IOP 
                 % Difference in IOP 
               
               
                 hours 
                 IOP Treated eye 
                 Control eye 
                 Treated Eye − Control Eye 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 0 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0 
               
               
                 0.5 
                 −14.16 
                 −3.03 
                 −11.13 
               
               
                 1 
                 −22.32 
                 −2.75 
                 −19.57 
               
               
                 1.5 
                 −25.77 
                 −3.35 
                 −22.42 
               
               
                 2 
                 −29.02 
                 −1.72 
                 −27.32 
               
               
                 2.5 
                 −32.59 
                 −1.01 
                 −31.58 
               
               
                 3 
                 −28.49 
                 −1.00 
                 −27.49 
               
               
                 3.5 
                 −23.15 
                 −0.67 
                 −22.48 
               
               
                 4 
                 −12.29 
                 0.38 
                 −12.67 
               
               
                 5 
                 −7.14 
                 −0.31 
                 −6.83 
               
               
                 6 
                 −4.02 
                 0.04 
                 −4.06 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 11 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 IOP lowering effect of  Areca catechu  with 
               
               
                 HPMC (F2) in steroid model 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 % Change 
                   
                   
               
               
                 Time in 
                 in IOP 
                 % Change in IOP 
                 % Difference in IOP 
               
               
                 hours 
                 Treated eye 
                 Control eye 
                 Treated Eye − Control Eye 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 0 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                 0.5 
                 −10.92 
                 −0.92 
                 −10.00 
               
               
                 1 
                 −16.18 
                 −0.52 
                 −15.66 
               
               
                 1.5 
                 −19.19 
                 −1.31 
                 −17.87 
               
               
                 2 
                 −25.77 
                 −2.36 
                 −23.41 
               
               
                 3 
                 −22.15 
                 −2.76 
                 −19.40 
               
               
                 4 
                 −16.97 
                 −1.92 
                 −15.04 
               
               
                 5 
                 −12.86 
                 −2.45 
                 −10.41 
               
               
                 6 
                 −5.84 
                 −2.34 
                 −3.50 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 12 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 IOP lowering effect of  Withania somnifera  and  Areca catechu   
               
               
                 with HPMC (F4) in steroid model 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 % Change 
                   
                 % Difference in IOP 
               
               
                   
                 in IOP 
                 % Change in IOP 
                 Treated Eye − Control 
               
               
                 Time in hours 
                 Treated eye 
                 Control eye 
                 Eye 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 0 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0 
               
               
                 1 
                 −21.87 
                 −0.336 
                 −21.534 
               
               
                 2 
                 −32.19 
                 −0.805 
                 −31.385 
               
               
                 3 
                 −38.03 
                 −0.666 
                 −37.364 
               
               
                 4 
                 −37.29 
                 −1.843 
                 −35.447 
               
               
                 5 
                 −29.76 
                 −2.055 
                 −27.705 
               
               
                 6 
                 −18.80 
                 −0.688 
                 −18.112 
               
               
                 7 
                 −8.56 
                 −2.055 
                 −6.505 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 13 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Comparative data of IOP lowering effect  Withania somnifera   
               
               
                 (F1) and  Areca catechu  (F2) alone and in combination with 
               
               
                 HPMC (F4) in steroid model 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 % Difference 
                   
                 % Difference 
               
               
                   
                 between test &amp; 
                 % Difference between test 
                 between test and 
               
               
                   
                 control eye 
                 and control eye 
                 control eye 
               
               
                 Time 
                 ( W. somnifera ) 
                 ( A. catechu ) 
                 (Combination) 
               
               
                 (Hours) 
                 F1 formulation 
                 F2 formulation 
                 F4 formulation 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 0 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                 1 
                 −19.57 
                 −15.66 
                 −21.534 
               
               
                 2 
                 −27.32 
                 −23.41 
                 −31.385 
               
               
                 3 
                 −27.49 
                 −19.40 
                 −37.364 
               
               
                 4 
                 −12.67 
                 −15.04 
                 −35.447 
               
               
                 5 
                 −6.83 
                 −10.41 
                 −27.705 
               
               
                 6 
                 −4.06 
                 −3.50 
                 −18.112 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0041]    The result for lowering of IOP by a composition F1 is provided in Table 10, F2 in Table 11, and F4 in Table 12. It can be seen from all the tables that the IOP is not lowered by the control hence the effect is only due to the composition. It can be seen that the IOP is lowered by all of the compositions, F1, F2 and F4 (Table 10 to 12). However, the % change of IOP in treated eye and % Difference in IOP of Treated Eye-Control Eye is the greatest in the composition containing HPMC,  Withania somifera  and  Areca catechu  (F4) than any other composition (Table 13), suggesting that the composition containing HPMC,  Withania somifera  and  Areca catechu  shows enhanced efficacy to the other compositions. It also indicates that the composition as prepared in Example 1 acts synergistically, in comparison to the composition without  Withania somifera  or without  Areca catechu