Abstract:
An anchoring system for cavity walls is disclosed and includes a wall anchor and a high-strength veneer tie. The anchor includes nonconductive thermally-isolating components that maintain the insulation R-values. The anchor features seals located at insertion points in the layers of the interior wythe that stabilize the wall anchor and protect against the entry of liquids and vapor. The veneer tie utilizes a ribbon connector that is cold-worked with the resultant body having substantially semicircular edges and flat surfaces therebetween. The edges are aligned to receive compressive forces transmitted from the outer wythe. The veneer tie, when part of the anchoring system, interengages with the wall anchor and is dimensioned to preclude significant veneer tie movement and to preclude pullout.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0001]    1. Field of the Invention 
         [0002]    This invention relates to an improved anchoring arrangement for use in conjunction with cavity walls. More particularly, the invention relates to construction accessory devices, namely, veneer ties with a compressed interconnection junction and a thermally isolated sealing anchoring system for insulated cavity walls. The invention is applicable to structures having an outer wythe of brick or stone facing in combination with an inner wythe of either masonry block or dry wall construction with optional insulation thereon. 
         [0003]    2. Description of the Prior Art 
         [0004]    In the past, investigations relating to the effects of various forces, particularly lateral forces, upon brick veneer masonry construction demonstrated the advantages of having high-strength wire anchoring components embedded in the bed joints of anchored veneer walls, such as facing brick or stone veneer. Anchors and ties are generally placed in one of the following five categories: corrugated; sheet metal; wire; two-piece adjustable; or joint reinforcing. The present invention has a focus on wire formative veneer ties. 
         [0005]    Prior tests have shown that failure of anchoring systems frequently occurs at the juncture between the veneer tie and the receptor portion of the wall anchor. This invention addresses the need for a high-strength veneer tie interconnection suitable for use with both a masonry block and dry wall construction and provides a tie-to-receptor connection. 
         [0006]    In the late 1980&#39;s, surface-mounted wall anchors were developed by Hohmann &amp; Barnard, Inc., now a MiTek-Berkshire Hathaway company, patented under U.S. Pat. No. 4,598,518 (&#39;518). The invention was commercialized under trademarks DW-10®, DW-10-X®, and DW-10-HS®. These widely accepted building specialty products were designed primarily for drywall construction, but were also used with masonry backup walls. For seismic applications, it was common practice to use these wall anchors as part of the DW-10 Seismiclip® interlock system which added a Byna-Tie® wire formative, a Seismiclip® snap-in device—described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,875,319 (319), and a continuous wire reinforcement. 
         [0007]    In the dry wall application, the surface-mounted wall anchor of the above-described system has pronged legs that pierce the insulation and the wallboard and rest against the metal stud to provide mechanical stability in a four-point landing arrangement. The vertical slot of the wall anchor enables the mason to have the wire tie adjustably positioned along a pathway of up to 3.625-inch (max). The interlock system served well and received high scores in testing and engineering evaluations which examined the effects of various forces, particularly lateral forces, upon brick veneer masonry construction. However, under certain conditions, the system did not sufficiently maintain the integrity of the insulation. 
         [0008]    The engineering evaluations further described the advantages of having a continuous wire embedded in the mortar joint of anchored veneer wythes. The seismic aspects of these investigations were reported in the inventor&#39;s &#39;319 patent. Besides earthquake protection, the failure of several high-rise buildings to withstand wind and other lateral forces resulted in the incorporation of a continuous wire reinforcement requirement in the Uniform Building Code provisions. The use of a continuous wire in masonry veneer walls has also been found to provide protection against problems arising from thermal expansion and contraction and to improve the uniformity of the distribution of lateral forces in the structure. 
         [0009]    Shortly after the introduction of the pronged wall anchor, a seismic veneer anchor, which incorporated an L-shaped backplate, was introduced. This was formed from either 12- or 14-gage sheetmetal and provided horizontally disposed openings in the arms thereof for pintle legs of the veneer anchor. In general, the pintle-receiving sheetmetal version of the Seismiclip® interlock system served well, but in addition to the insulation integrity problem, installations were hampered by mortar buildup interfering with pintle leg insertion. 
         [0010]    In the 1980&#39;s, an anchor for masonry veneer walls was developed and described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,764,069 by Reinwall et al., which patent is an improvement of the masonry veneer anchor of Lopez, U.S. Pat. No. 4,473,984. Here the anchors are keyed to elements that are installed using power-rotated drivers to deposit a mounting stud in a cementitious or masonry backup wall. Fittings are then attached to the stud which include an elongated eye and a wire tie therethrough for disposition in a bed joint of the outer wythe. It is instructive to note that pin-point loading—that is forces concentrated at substantially a single point—developed from this design configuration. Upon experiencing lateral forces over time, this resulted in the loosening of the stud. 
         [0011]    the past, the use of wire formatives have been limited by the mortar layer thickness which, in turn are dictated either by the new building specifications or by pre-existing conditions, e.g. matching during renovations or additions to the existing mortar layer thickness. While arguments have been made for increasing the number of the fine-wire anchors per unit area of the facing layer, architects and architectural engineers have favored wire formative anchors of sturdier wire. 
         [0012]    Contractors found that heavy wire anchors, with diameters approaching the mortar layer height specification, frequently result in misalignment. This led to the low-profile wall anchors of the inventors hereof as described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,279,283. However, the above-described technology did not fully address the adaption thereof to insulated inner wythes utilizing stabilized stud-type devices. 
         [0013]    Another prior art development occurred shortly after that of Reinwall/Lopez when Hatzinikolas and Pacholok of Fero Holding Ltd. introduced their sheetmetal masonry connector for a cavity wall. This device is described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,392,581 and 4,869,043. Here a sheetmetal plate connects to the side of a dry wall column and protrudes through the insulation into the cavity. A wire tie is threaded through a slot in the leading edge of the plate capturing an insulative plate thereunder and extending into a bed joint of the veneer. The underlying sheetmetal plate is highly thermally conductive, and the &#39;581 patent describes lowering the thermal conductivity by foraminously structuring the plate. However, as there is no thermal break or barrier, a concomitant loss of the insulative integrity results. 
         [0014]    The construction of a steel-framed inner wythe of a commercial building, to which masonry veneer is attached, uses steel studs with insulation installed outboard of the steel stud framing. Steel anchors and ties attach the outer wythe to the inner wythe by screwing or bolting an anchor to a steel stud. Although steel offers many benefits, it does not provide the high insulation efficiency of timber framing and can cause the effective R-value of fiberglass batt insulation between the steel studs to fall 50 to 60%. 
         [0015]    Steel is an extremely good conductor of heat. The use of steel anchors attached to steel framing draws heat from the inside of a building through the exterior sheathing and insulation, towards the exterior of the masonry wall. In order to maintain high insulation values, a thermal break or barrier is needed between the steel framing and the outer wythe. This is achieved by the present invention through the use of high-strength polymeric components which have low thermal conductivity. 
         [0016]    To ensure proper insulative properties in cavity walls, building requirements continue to increase the required amount of insulation. Exemplary of the public sector building specification is that of the Energy Code Requirement, Boston, Mass. (See Chapter 13 of 780 CMR, Seventh Edition). This Code sets forth insulation R-values well in excess of prior editions and evokes an engineering response opting for thicker insulation and correspondingly larger cavities. 
         [0017]    As insulation became thicker, the tearing of insulation during installation of the pronged DW-10X wall anchor, see supra, became more prevalent. This occurred as the installer would fully insert one side of the wall anchor before seating the other side. The tearing would occur during the arcuate path of the insertion of the second leg. The gapping caused in the insulation permitted air and moisture to infiltrate through the insulation along the pathway formed by the tear. While the gapping was largely resolved by placing a self-sealing, dual-barrier polymeric membrane at the site of the legs and the mounting hardware, with increasing thickness in insulation, this patchwork became less desirable. The improvements hereinbelow in surface mounted wall anchors look toward greater retention of insulation integrity and less reliance on a patch. 
         [0018]    The high-strength veneer tie of this invention is specially configured to prevent veneer tie pullout. The configured tie restricts movement in all directions, ensuring a high-strength connection and transfer of forces between the veneer and the backup wall. The wire formative insertion portion for disposition within the outer wythe, is optionally compressively reduced in height by the cold-working thereof and compressively patterned to securely hold to the mortar joint and increase the veneer tie strength. The close control of overall heights permits the mortar of the bed joints to flow over and about the veneer ties. Because the wire formative hereof employ extra strong material and benefit from the cold-working of the metal alloys, the high-span anchoring system meets the unusual requirements demanded in current building structures. Reinforcement wires are included to form seismic constructs. 
         [0019]    The following patents are believed to be relevant and are disclosed as being known to the inventor hereof: 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 U.S. Pat. No. 
                 Inventor 
                 Issue Date 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 3,377,764 
                 Storch 
                 Apr. 16, 1968 
               
               
                   
                 4,021,990 
                 Schwalberg 
                 May 10, 1977 
               
               
                   
                 4,373,314 
                 Allan 
                 Feb. 15, 1983 
               
               
                   
                 4,473,984 
                 Lopez 
                 Oct. 2, 1984 
               
               
                   
                 4,598,518 
                 Hohmann 
                 Jul. 8, 1986 
               
               
                   
                 4,869,038 
                 Catani 
                 Sep. 26, 1989 
               
               
                   
                 4,875,319 
                 Hohmann 
                 Oct. 24, 1989 
               
               
                   
                 5,392,581 
                 Hatzinikolas et al. 
                 Feb. 28, 1995 
               
               
                   
                 5,454,200 
                 Hohmann 
                 Oct. 3, 1995 
               
               
                   
                 5,456,052 
                 Anderson et al. 
                 Oct. 10, 1995 
               
               
                   
                 5,816,008 
                 Hohmann 
                 Oct. 15, 1998 
               
               
                   
                 6,209,281 
                 Rice 
                 Apr. 3, 2001 
               
               
                   
                 6,279,283 
                 Hohmann et al. 
                 Aug. 28, 2001 
               
               
                   
                 6,668,505 
                 Hohmann et al. 
                 Dec. 30, 2003 
               
               
                   
                 6,789,365 
                 Hohmann et al. 
                 Sep. 14, 2004 
               
               
                   
                 6,851,239 
                 Hohmann et al. 
                 Feb. 8, 2005 
               
               
                   
                 7,017,318 
                 Hohmann 
                 Mar. 28, 2006 
               
               
                   
                 7,325,366 
                 Hohmann 
                 Feb. 5, 2008 
               
               
                   
                 7,415,803 
                 Bronner 
                 Aug. 26, 2008 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0020]    U.S. Pat. No. 3,377,764—Storch—Issued Apr. 16, 1968 Discloses a bent wire, tie-type anchor for embedment in a facing exterior wythe engaging with a loop attached to a straight wire run in a backup interior wythe. 
         [0021]    U.S. Pat. No. 4,021,990—Schwalberg—Issued May 10, 1977 Discloses a dry wall construction system for anchoring a facing veneer to wallboard/metal stud construction with a pronged sheetmetal anchor. Like Storch &#39;764, the wall tie is embedded in the exterior wythe and is not attached to a straight wire run. 
         [0022]    U.S. Pat. No. 4,373,314—Allan—Issued Feb. 15, 1983 Discloses a vertical angle iron with one leg adapted for attachment to a stud; and the other having elongated slots to accommodate wall ties. Insulation is applied between projecting vertical legs of adjacent angle irons with slots being spaced away from the stud to avoid the insulation. 
         [0023]    U.S. Pat. No. 4,473,984—Lopez—Issued Oct. 2, 1984 Discloses a curtain-wall masonry anchor system wherein a wall tie is attached to the inner wythe by a self-tapping screw to a metal stud and to the outer wythe by embedment in a corresponding bed joint. The stud is applied through a hole cut into the insulation. 
         [0024]    U.S. Pat. No. 4,598,518—Hohmann—Issued Jul. 7, 1986 Discloses a dry wall construction system with wallboard attached to the face of studs which, in turn, are attached to an inner masonry wythe. Insulation is disposed between the webs of adjacent studs. 
         [0025]    U.S. Pat. No. 4,869,038—Catani—Issued Sep. 26, 1989 Discloses a veneer wall anchor system having in the interior wythe a truss-type anchor, similar to Hala et al. &#39;226 supra, but with horizontal sheetmetal extensions. The extensions are interlocked with bent wire pintle-type wall ties that are embedded within the exterior wythe. 
         [0026]    U.S. Pat. No. 4,875,319—Hohmann—Issued Oct. 24, 1989 Discloses a seismic construction system for anchoring a facing veneer to wallboard/metal stud construction with a pronged sheetmetal anchor. The wall tie is distinguished over that of Schwalberg &#39;990 and is clipped onto a straight wire run. 
         [0027]    U.S. Pat. No. 5,454,200—Hohmann—Issued Oct. 3, 1995 Discloses a facing anchor with straight wire run mounted along the exterior wythe to receive the open end of wire wall tie with each leg thereof being placed adjacent one side of reinforcement wire. As the eye wires hereof have scaled eyelets or loops and the open ends of the wall ties are sealed in the joints of the exterior wythes, a positive interengagement results. 
         [0028]    U.S. Pat. No. 5,392,581—Hatzinikolas et al.—Issued Feb. 28, 1995 Discloses a cavity-wall anchor having a conventional tie wire for mounting in the brick veneer and an L-shaped sheetmetal bracket for mounting vertically between side-by-side blocks and horizontally atop a course of blocks. The bracket has a slit which is vertically disposed and protrudes into the cavity. The slit provides for a vertically adjustable anchor. 
         [0029]    U.S. Pat. No. 5,456,052—Anderson et al.—Issued Oct. 10, 1995 Discloses a two-part masonry brick tie, the first part being designed to be installed in the inner wythe and then, later when the brick veneer is erected to be interconnected by the second part. Both parts are constructed from sheetmetal and are arranged on substantially the same horizontal plane. 
         [0030]    U.S. Pat. No. 5,816,008—Hohmann—Issued Oct. 15, 1998 Discloses a brick veneer anchor primarily for use with a cavity wall with a drywall inner wythe. The device combines an L-shaped plate for mounting on the metal stud of the drywall and extending into the cavity with a T-head bent stay. After interengagement with the L-shaped plate the free end of the bent stay is embedded in the corresponding bed joint of the veneer. 
         [0031]    U.S. Pat. No. 6,209,281—Rice—Issued Apr. 3, 2001 Discloses a masonry anchor having a conventional tie wire for mounting in the brick veneer and sheetmetal bracket for mounting on the metal-stud-supported drywall. The bracket has a slit which is vertically disposed when the bracket is mounted on the metal stud and, in application, protrudes through the drywall into the cavity. The slit provides for a vertically adjustable anchor. 
         [0032]    U.S. Pat. No. 6,279,283—Hohmann et al.—Issued Aug. 28, 2001 Discloses a low-profile wall tie primarily for use in renovation construction where in order to match existing mortar height in the facing wythe a compressed wall tie is embedded in the bed joint of the brick veneer. 
         [0033]    U.S. Pat. No. 7,415,803—Bronner—Issued Aug. 26, 2008 Discloses a double-wingnut anchor system and method for connecting an anchor shaft extending from the back up wall to a wire tie extending from a veneer wall. The wingnut houses the wire tie legs and is independently rotatable to obtain the desired angular position. 
         [0034]    U.S. Pat. No. 6,668,505—Hohmann et al.—Issued Dec. 30, 2003 Discloses high-span and high-strength anchors and reinforcement devices for cavity walls combined with interlocking veneer ties are described which utilize reinforcing wire and wire formatives to form facing anchors, truss or ladder reinforcements, and wall anchors providing wire-to-wire connections therebetween. 
         [0035]    U.S. Pat. No. 6,789,365—Hohmann et al.—Issued Sep. 14, 2004 Discloses side-welded anchor and reinforcement devices for a cavity wall. The devices are combined with interlocking veneer anchors, and with reinforcements to form unique anchoring systems. The components of each system are structured from reinforcing wire and wire formatives. 
         [0036]    U.S. Pat. No. 6,851,239—Hohmann et al.—Issued Feb. 8, 2005 Discloses a high-span anchoring system described for a cavity wall incorporating a wall reinforcement combined with a wall tie which together serve a wall construct having a larger-than-normal cavity. Further the various embodiments combine wire formatives which are compressively reduced in height by the cold-working thereof. Among the embodiments is a veneer anchoring system with a low-profile wall tie for use in a heavily insulated wall. 
         [0037]    U.S. Pat. No. 7,017,318—Hohmann—Issued Mar. 28, 2006 Discloses an anchoring system with low-profile wall ties in which insertion portions of the wall anchor and the veneer anchor are compressively reduced in height. 
         [0038]    U.S. Pat. No. 7,325,366—Hohmann—Issued Feb. 5, 2008 Discloses snap-in veneer ties for a seismic construction system in cooperation with low-profile, high-span wall anchors. 
         [0039]    The present invention provides an advancement in anchoring systems. The use of polymeric components at key locations in the anchor provides thermal breaks between the highly conductive steel framing studs and the outer wythe. Further, the seal structure prevents moisture from infiltrating the insulation and cavity and provides an adjustable method of veneer tie attachment. This thermally-isolating anchor is combined with a configured compressed high-strength veneer tie that restricts veneer movement. 
         [0040]    None of the above references provide the innovations of this invention. As will become clear in reviewing the disclosure which follows, the insulated cavity wall structures benefit from the recent developments described herein that lead to solving the problems of thermal isolation, of insulation and air/vapor barrier integrity, of high-span applications, of pin-point loading, and a high-strength veneer tie interconnection. This invention relates to an improved anchoring arrangement for use in conjunction with cavity walls having an inner wythe and an outer wythe and meets the heretofore unmet needs described above. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0041]    In general terms, the invention disclosed hereby is a high-strength veneer tie and anchoring system utilizing the same for cavity walls having an inner and outer wythe. The system includes a wire-formative veneer tie for emplacement in the outer wythe. In the disclosed system, a unique combination of a thermally-isolating stud-type wall anchor is interconnected with a veneer tie having a ribbon connector. The wall anchor has an elongated dual-diameter barrel body with a driven self-drilling tip and consists of high-strength, nonconductive components that provide a thermal break between the inner wythe and the outer wythe. This anchor maintains insulation integrity and precludes pin-point loading. 
         [0042]    The veneer tie is constructed from a wire formative with an insertion portion for disposition in the outer wythe bed joint. The insertion portion is optionally compressed and patterned by cold-working for securement within the bed joint, and has two offset legs that are configured to accept a reinforcement wire for seismic applications. The insertion portion is contiguous with two cavity portions which are, in turn, contiguous with a ribbon portion for interconnection with the wall anchor. The ribbon portion is comprised of two joinder portions and a substantially U-shaped interconnecting portion. 
         [0043]    The veneer tie is positioned so the patterned insertion end thereof is embedded in the outer wythe bed joint. The construction of the veneer tie results in an orientation upon emplacement so that the widest part of the interconnecting portion is subjected to the compressive and tensile forces. The driver portion of the anchor contains an oval aperture with predetermined dimensions to accept the veneer tie and restrict the movement of the construct, preventing veneer tie pullout. 
         [0044]    The anchoring system of this invention is for use with varied inner wythe structures including columns with drywall thereon and masonry. The inner wythes optionally include air/vapor barriers and rigid insulation. 
         [0045]    It is an object of the present invention to provide in an anchoring system having an outer wythe and an insulated inner wythe, a high-strength pullout resistant configured veneer tie that interengages a thermally-isolating wall anchor. 
         [0046]    It is another object of the present invention to provide labor-saving devices to simplify seismic and nonseismic high-strength installations of brick and stone veneer and the securement thereof to an inner wythe. 
         [0047]    It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a cold worked wire formative veneer tie that is characterized by high resistance to compressive and tensile forces. 
         [0048]    It is another object of the present invention to prevent air infiltration and water penetration into and along the wall anchoring channel. 
         [0049]    It is another object of the present invention to provide an anchoring system that maintains high insulation values. 
         [0050]    It is a further object of the present invention to provide an anchoring system for cavity walls comprising a limited number of component parts that are economical to manufacture resulting in a relatively low unit cost. 
         [0051]    It is a feature of the present invention that the wall anchor has high-strength polymeric components that provide for a thermal break in the wall anchor. 
         [0052]    It is another feature of the present invention that the veneer tie, after being inserted into the anchor receptor, the interconnection location is oriented so that the widest portion thereof is subjected to compressive to tensile forces. 
         [0053]    It is another feature of the present invention that the veneer ties are utilizable with either a masonry block construct having aligned or unaligned bed joints or for a dry wall construct that secures to a metal stud. 
         [0054]    It is yet another feature of the present invention that the compressed veneer tie insertion portion is patterned to securely hold to the mortar joint and increase the veneer tie strength. 
         [0055]    It is another feature that the close control of the overall height of the veneer tie insertion portion permits the mortar of the bed joints to flow over and about the veneer ties. 
         [0056]    Other objects and features of the invention will become apparent upon review of the drawings and the detailed description. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0057]    [In the following drawings, the same parts in the various views are afforded the same reference designators. 
           [0058]      FIG. 1  is a perspective view of a thermally isolated anchoring system having a high-strength ribbon veneer tie of this invention with a reinforcement wire set therewithin and shows a wall with a drywall inner wythe and an outer wythe of brick veneer with a detailed perspective view of the anchor set therewithin; 
           [0059]      FIG. 2  is a perspective view of the veneer tie of  FIG. 1  with a compression for interconnection with a reinforcement wire; 
           [0060]      FIG. 3  is a top plan view of the veneer tie of  FIG. 2 ; 
           [0061]      FIG. 4  is rear view of the veneer tie of  FIG. 2 ; 
           [0062]      FIG. 5  is a side view of the veneer tie of  FIG. 2 ; 
           [0063]      FIG. 6  is a perspective view of a thermally isolated anchoring system having a high-strength low profile ribbon veneer tie of this invention with a reinforcement wire set therewithin and shows a wall with a masonry inner wythe with insulation thereon and an outer wythe of brick veneer; 
           [0064]      FIG. 7  is a perspective view of the veneer tie and anchor of  FIG. 6 ; 
           [0065]      FIG. 8  is a partial bottom view of the veneer tie of  FIG. 7 ; 
           [0066]      FIG. 9  is a perspective view of a thermally isolated anchoring system having a high-strength ribbon veneer tie of this invention with a reinforcement wire set therewithin and shows a wall with a drywall inner wythe and a vapor barrier with insulation thereon and an outer wythe of brick veneer; 
           [0067]      FIG. 10  is a perspective view of a thermally isolated anchoring system having a high-strength ribbon veneer tie of this invention with a reinforcement wire set therewithin and shows a wall with a drywall inner wythe with insulation thereon and an outer wythe of brick veneer; 
           [0068]      FIG. 11  is a perspective view of the veneer tie and anchor of  FIG. 10 ; 
           [0069]      FIG. 12  is a cross-sectional view of the anchoring system of  FIG. 10  with the anchor set within the inner wythe and the veneer tie interconnected thereto and set within the mortar joint of the outer wythe; and, 
           [0070]      FIG. 13  is a cross-sectional view of cold-worked wire used in the formation of the ribbon portion hereof and showing resultant aspects of continued compression. 
       
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
       [0071]    Before entering into the detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiments, several terms which will be revisited later are defined. These terms are relevant to discussions of innovations introduced by the improvements of this disclosure that overcome the deficits of the prior art devices. 
         [0072]    In the detailed description below, the veneer ties and reinforcement wires are wire formatives. The wall anchor includes thermally isolating components comprised of high-strength polymeric material. 
         [0073]    In the embodiments described herein the ribbon portions and optionally, the insertion portion of the wire components of the veneer ties are cold-worked or otherwise partially flattened and specially configured resulting in greater tensile and compressive strength thereby becoming better suited to cavity walls wherein high wind loads or seismic forces are experienced. It has been found that, when the appropriate metal alloy is cold-worked, the desired plastic deformation takes place with a concomitant increase in tensile strength and a decrease in ductility. These property changes suit the application at hand. In deforming a wire with a circular cross-section, the cross-section of the resultant body is substantially semicircular at the outer edges with a rectangular body therebetween. The deformed body has substantially the same cross-sectional area as the original wire. Here, the circular cross-section of a wire provides greater flexural strength than a sheetmetal counterpart. 
         [0074]    For purposes of defining the invention at hand, a ribbon portion is a wire formative that has been compressed by cold working so that the resultant body is substantially semicircular at the edges and has flat surfaces therebetween. In use, the rounded edges are aligned so as to receive compressive forces transmitted from the veneer or outer wythe, which forces are generally normal to the facial plane thereof. In the discussion that follows the width of the ribbon portion is also referred to as the major axis and the thickness is referred to as the minor axis. As the compressive forces are exerted on the ribbon edges, the ribbon portion withstands forces greater than uncompressed interconnectors formed from the same gage wire. Data reflecting the enhancement represented by the cold-worked ribbon portions is included hereinbelow. 
         [0075]    The description which follows is of three embodiments of anchoring systems utilizing the high-strength ribbon veneer tie devices of this invention, which devices are suitable for nonseismic and seismic cavity wall applications. Although each high-strength veneer tie is adaptable to varied inner wythe structures, the embodiments here apply to cavity walls with insulated masonry inner wythes, and to cavity walls with insulated and uninsulated dry wall (sheetrock) inner wythes. The wall anchor of the first embodiment is adapted from that shown in U.S. Pat. No. 8,037,653 of the inventors hereof. 
         [0076]    In accordance, with the Building Code Requirements for Masonry Structures, ACI 530-05/ASCE 5-05/TMS 402-05, Chapter 6, each wythe of the cavity wall structure is designed to resist individually the effects of the loads imposed thereupon. Further, the veneer (outer wythe) is designed and detailed to accommodate differential movement and to distribute all external applied loads through the veneer to the inner wythe utilizing masonry anchors and ties. 
         [0077]    In both the dry wall construction and in the masonry block backup wall construction, shown herein, the insulation is applied to the outer surface thereof. Recently, building codes have required that after the anchoring system is installed and, prior to the inner wythe being closed up, that an inspection be made for insulation integrity to ensure that the insulation prevents infiltration of air and moisture. The term as used herein is defined in the same sense as the building code in that, “insulation integrity” means that, after the installation of the anchoring system, there is no change or interference with the insulative properties and concomitantly that there is substantially no change in the air and moisture infiltration characteristics. 
         [0078]    Anchoring systems for cavity walls are used to secure veneer facings to a building and overcome seismic and other forces, i.e., wind shear, etc. In the past, some systems have experienced failure because the forces have been concentrated at substantially a single point. Here, the term “pin-point loading” is defined as an anchoring system wherein forces are concentrated at a single point. In the Description which follows, means for supporting the wall anchor shaft to limit lateral movement and pin-point loading are taught. 
         [0079]    In addition to that which occurs at the facing wythe, attention is further drawn to the construction at the exterior surface of the inner or backup wythe. Here there are two concerns, namely (1) maximizing the strength and ease of the securement of the wall anchor to the backup wall; and, (2) as previously discussed, maintaining the integrity of the insulation. The first concern is addressed through the wall anchor. The latter concern is addressed in a two-fold manner, first by employing a channel seal which surrounds the opening formed for the installation of the wall anchor and secondly by using strategically placed thermally isolating components set within the anchoring system. In the prior art, the metal anchors formed conductive bridges across the wall cavity to the metal studs of the inner wythe. Thus, where there is no thermal break, a concomitant loss of the insulative integrity results. The thermal conductivity of components is used to evaluate this phenomenon and the term is defined as the heat transfer resulting from metal-to-metal contacts across the inner wythe. 
         [0080]    Referring now to  FIGS. 1 through 5 ,  7 ,  8 , and  13 , the first embodiment of the anchoring system hereof including a ribbon veneer tie of this invention is shown and is referred to generally by the number  10 . A cavity wall structure  12  is shown having an inner wythe or drywall backup  14  with sheetrock or wallboard  16  mounted on metal studs or columns  17  and an outer wythe or facing wall  18  of brick  20  construction. Inner wythes constructed of masonry materials or wood framing (not shown) are also applicable. Between the inner wythe  14  and the outer wythe  18 , a cavity  22  is formed. The outer wythe  18  has a facial plane  23  in the cavity  22 . 
         [0081]    Successive bed joints  30  and  32  are substantially planar and horizontally disposed and, in accord with current building standards, are 0.375-inch (approx.) in height. Selective ones of bed joints  30  and  32 , which are formed between courses of bricks  20 , are constructed to receive therewithin the insertion portion of the veneer tie hereof. Being threadedly mounted in the inner wythe, the wall anchor is supported thereby and, as described in greater detail herein below, is configured to minimize air and moisture penetration around the wall anchor/inner wythe interface. 
         [0082]    For purposes of discussion, the cavity surface  24  of the inner wythe  14  contains a horizontal line or x-axis  34  and intersecting vertical line or y-axis  36 . A horizontal line or z-axis  38 , normal to the xy-plane, passes through the coordinate origin formed by the intersecting x- and y-axes. A wall anchor  40  is shown with a driver portion  66  having a substantially oval aperture  55  for interconnection with a veneer tie  44 . 
         [0083]    At intervals along a horizontal surface  24 , wall anchors  40  are driven into place in the anchor-receiving channels  48 . The wall anchors  40  are positioned on surface  24  so that the longitudinal axis  47  of wall anchor  40  is normal to an xy-plane and taps into column  17 . As best shown in  FIG. 1 , the wall anchor  40  has an elongated body that extends along a longitudinal axis  47  from a driven end  52  to a driving end  54 . The driven end  52  is constructed with a threaded or screw portion  56 . 
         [0084]    Contiguous with screw portion  56  is a shaft portion  60  extending toward the driving end  54 . The driver portion  66  is contiguous with the shaft portion  60  and a flange  68  is formed between the driver portion  66  and the shaft portion  60 . An external stabilizer or external seal  70  is placed against the flange  68 . The external stabilizer  70  is constructed of a non-conductive, high-strength polymeric material that provides a thermal break in the anchoring system  10 , precluding thermal transfer. When fully driven into column  17  the screw  56  and shaft portion  60  of wall anchor  40  pierces the sheetrock or wallboard  16 . The external seal  70  covers the insertion point or installation channel precluding air and moisture penetration therethrough and maintaining the integrity of inner wythe  16 . Upon installation into the inner wythe  14 , the anchor shaft portion  60  is forced into a press fit relationship with anchor-receiving channel  48  and the external seal  70  seals the opening of the anchor-receiving channel  48 . Stabilization of this stud-type wall anchor  40  is attained by shaft portion  60  and external seal  70  completely filling the channel  48  with external seal  70  capping the opening of channel  48  into cavity  22  and clamping wall anchor  40  in place. This arrangement does not leave any end play or wiggle room for pin-point loading of the wall anchor and therefore does not loosen over time. With stabilizing fitting or external seal  70  in place, the insulation integrity within the cavity wall is maintained. 
         [0085]    The driver portion  66  is capable of being driven using a conventional chuck and, after being rotated to align with the bed joint  30 , the driver portion  66  is locked in place. The driver portion  66  has a substantially oval aperture  55  for accommodating the veneer tie and has the effect of spreading stresses experienced during use and further reducing pin-point loading as opposite force vectors cancel one another. The wall anchor  40 , while shown as a unitary structure, may be manufactured as an assemblage of several distinct parts. In producing wall anchor  40 , the length of the shaft portion  60  is dimensioned to match the drywall  16  thickness. 
         [0086]    The veneer tie  44  is more fully shown in  FIGS. 2 through 5 . The veneer tie  44  is a wire formative constructed from mill galvanized, hot-dip galvanized, stainless steel or other similar high-strength material and has an insertion portion  74  with an outer leg  79  and an inner leg  77  offset from the outer leg  79 . Contiguous with the insertion portion  74  are two cavity portions  65 ,  67 . The veneer tie  44  has a ribbon portion  62  that is threaded through the anchor aperture  55  to interconnect with the anchor  40 . The ribbon portion  62  has a major axis  37  and a minor axis  39  and consists of two joinder portions  63 ,  64  and an interconnecting portion  81 . The joinder portions  63 ,  64  are contiguous with the cavity portions  65 ,  67 . The interconnecting portion  81  is substantially U-shaped and contiguous with the joinder portions  63 ,  64  and has a longitudinal axis  19  in a plane substantially parallel to the facial plane  23  of the outer wythe  18 . 
         [0087]    The ribbon portion  62  is formed by compressively reducing the wire formative of the veneer tie  44 . The ribbon portion  62  is dimensioned to closely fit within the driver aperture  55 . The ribbon portion  62  has been compressively reduced so that, when viewed as installed, the major axis  37  of said ribbon portion  62  is substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis  47  of the anchor  40 . 
         [0088]    The cross-sectional illustrations show the manner in which wythe-to-wythe and side-to-side movement is limited by the close fitting relationship between the compressively reduced ribbon portion  62  and the driver aperture  55 . The minor axis of the compressively reduced ribbon portion  62  is optimally between 30 to 75% of the diameter of the 0.172- to 0.312-inch wire formative and when reduced by one-third has a tension and compression rating of at least 130% of the original wire formative material. The wire formative, once compressed, is ribbon-like in appearance; however, maintains substantially the same cross sectional area as the wire formative body. 
         [0089]    Alternative to the wire formative veneer tie shown in  FIGS. 2 through 5 , the insertion portion  174  of the veneer tie  144  as shown in  FIGS. 7 and 8  is a wire formative formed from a wire having a diameter substantially equal to the predetermined height of the mortar joint. Upon compressible reduction in height, the insertion portion  174  is mounted upon the exterior wythe positioned to receive mortar thereabout. The insertion portion  174  retains the mass and substantially the tensile strength as prior to deformation. The vertical height of the insertion portion  174  is reduced so that, upon installation, mortar of bed joint  30  flows around the insertion portion  174 . The insertion portion  174  has an upper surface  193  and a lower surface  195  which are each optionally compressibly deformed having a pattern of recessed areas  157  or corrugations impressed thereon for receiving mortar within the recessed areas  157 . 
         [0090]    Upon compression, a pattern or corrugation  157  is impressed on insertion portion  174  and, upon the mortar of bed joint  30  flowing around the insertion portion  174 , the mortar flows into the corrugation  157 . For enhanced holding, the corrugations  157  are, upon installation, substantially parallel to x-axis  34 . Other patterns such as a waffle-like, cellular structure and similar structures optionally replace the corrugations. With the veneer tie  144  constructed as described, the veneer tie  144  is characterized by maintaining substantially all the tensile strength as prior to compression while acquiring a desired low profile. The insertion portion  174  is optionally fabricated from 0.172- to 0.312-inch diameter wire and compressively reduced to a height of 0.162 to 0.187 inches. 
         [0091]    The insertion portion  74  is optionally configured with a swaged indentation or compression  73  to accommodate therewithin a reinforcement wire or straight wire member  71  of predetermined diameter. The insertion portion  74  has a compression  73  dimensioned to interlock with the reinforcement wire  71 . With this configuration, the bed joint height specification is readily maintained and the reinforcing wire  71  interlocks with the veneer tie  44  within the 0.300-inch tolerance, thereby forming a seismic construct. 
         [0092]    The description which follows is of a second embodiment of the anchoring system hereof including a ribbon veneer tie of this invention. For ease of comprehension, where similar parts are used reference designators “ 100 ” units higher are employed. Thus, the anchor  140  of the second embodiment is analogous to the anchor  40  of the first embodiment. 
         [0093]    Referring now to  FIGS. 2 through 8  and  13 , the second embodiment of the anchoring system is shown and is referred to generally by the number  110 . A cavity wall structure  112  is shown having an inner wythe or masonry backup  114  with rigid insulation thereon  126  and an outer wythe or veneer  118  of brick  120  construction. Between the inner wythe  114  and the outer wythe  118 , a cavity  122  is formed. The outer wythe  118  has a facial plane in the cavity  122 . 
         [0094]    Successive bed joints  130  and  132  are substantially planar and horizontally disposed in the outer wythe  118  and, in accord with current building standards, are 0.375-inch (approx.) in height. Selective ones of bed joints  130  and  132 , which are formed between courses of bricks  120 , are constructed to receive therewithin the insertion portion of the veneer anchor hereof. Being threadedly mounted in the inner wythe, the wall anchor is supported thereby and, as described in greater detail herein below, is configured to minimize air and moisture penetration around the wall anchor/inner wythe interface. 
         [0095]    For purposes of discussion, the cavity surface  124  of the inner wythe  114  contains a horizontal line or x-axis  134  and intersecting vertical line or y-axis  136 . A horizontal line or z-axis  138 , normal to the xy-plane, passes through the coordinate origin formed by the intersecting x- and y-axes. A wall anchor  140  is shown with a driver portion  166  having a substantially oval aperture  155  for interconnection with a veneer tie  144 . 
         [0096]    At intervals along a horizontal surface  124 , wall anchors  140  are driven into place in the anchor-receiving channels  148 . The wall anchors  140  are positioned on surface  124  so that the longitudinal axis  147  of wall anchor  140  is normal to an xy-plane and taps into the inner wythe  114 . As best shown in  FIG. 7 , the wall anchor  140  has an elongated body that extends along a longitudinal axis  147  from a driven end  152  to a driving end  154 . The driven end  152  is constructed with a threaded or screw portion  156 . 
         [0097]    Contiguous with screw portion  156  is a shaft portion  160  extending toward the driving end  154 . The driver portion  166  is contiguous with the shaft portion  160  and a flange  168  is formed between the driver portion  166  and the shaft portion  160 . An external stabilizer or external seal  170  is placed against the flange  168 . The external stabilizer  170  is constructed of a non-conductive, high-strength polymeric material that provides a thermal break in the anchoring system  110 , precluding thermal transfer. When fully driven into the inner wythe  114  the screw  156  and shaft portion  160  of wall anchor  140  pierces the insulation  126 . The external seal  170  covers the insertion point or installation channel precluding air and moisture penetration therethrough and maintaining the integrity of inner wythe  114 . Upon installation into the inner wythe  114 , the anchor shaft portion  160  is forced into a press fit relationship with anchor-receiving channel  148  and the external seal  170  seals the opening of the anchor-receiving channel  148 . Stabilization of this stud-type wall anchor  140  is attained by shaft portion  160  and external seal  170  completely filling the channel  148  with external seal  170  capping the opening of channel  148  into cavity  122  and clamping wall anchor  140  in place. This arrangement does not leave any end play or wiggle room for pin-point loading of the wall anchor and therefore does not loosen over time. With stabilizing fitting or external seal  170  in place, the integrity within the cavity wall is maintained. 
         [0098]    The driver portion  166  is capable of being driven using a conventional chuck and, after being rotated to align with the bed joint  130 , the driver portion  166  is locked in place. The driver portion  166  has a substantially oval aperture  155  for accommodating the veneer tie  144  and has the effect of spreading stresses experienced during use and further reducing pin-point loading as opposite force vectors cancel one another. The wall anchor  140 , while shown as a unitary structure, may be manufactured as an assemblage of several distinct parts. In producing wall anchor  140 , the length of the shaft portion  160  is dimensioned to match the insulation  126  thickness. 
         [0099]    The veneer tie  144  is more fully shown in  FIGS. 7 and 8  and is substantially similar to  FIGS. 2 through 5  with the exception of the compressed insertion portion  174 . The veneer tie  44  shown in  FIGS. 2 through 5  is interchangeable with those shown in this embodiment and specifically included herein. The veneer tie  144  is a wire formative constructed from mill galvanized, hot-dip galvanized, stainless steel or other similar high-strength material and has an insertion portion  174  with an outer leg  179  and an inner leg  177  offset from the outer leg  179 . Contiguous with the insertion portion  174  are two cavity portions  165 ,  167 . The veneer tie  144  has a ribbon portion  162  that is threaded through the anchor aperture  155  to interconnect with the anchor  140 . The ribbon portion  162  has a major axis  137  and a minor axis  139  and consists of two joinder portions  163 ,  164  and an interconnecting portion  181 . The joinder portions  163 ,  164  are contiguous with the cavity portions  165 ,  167 . The interconnecting portion  181  is substantially U-shaped and contiguous with the joinder portions  163 ,  164  and has a longitudinal axis  119  in a plane substantially parallel to the facial plane  123  of the outer wythe  118 . 
         [0100]    The ribbon portion  162  is formed by compressively reducing the wire formative of the veneer tie  144 . The ribbon portion  162  is dimensioned to closely fit within the driver aperture  155 . The ribbon portion  162  has been compressively reduced so that, when viewed as installed, the major axis  137  of said ribbon portion  162  is substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis  147  of the anchor  140 . 
         [0101]    The cross-sectional illustrations show the manner in which wythe-to-wythe and side-to-side movement is limited by the close fitting relationship between the compressively reduced ribbon portion  162  and the driver aperture  155 . The minor axis of the compressively reduced ribbon portion  162  is optimally between 30 to 75% of the diameter of the 0.172- to 0.312-inch wire formative and when reduced by one-third has a tension and compression rating of at least 130% of the original wire formative material. The wire formative, once compressed, is ribbon-like in appearance; however, maintains substantially the same cross sectional area as the wire formative body. 
         [0102]    Alternative to the wire formative veneer tie shown in  FIGS. 2 through 5 , the insertion portion  174  of the veneer tie  144  as shown in  FIGS. 7 and 8  is a wire formative formed from a wire having a diameter substantially equal to the predetermined height of the mortar joint. Upon compressible reduction in height, the insertion portion  174  is mounted upon the exterior wythe positioned to receive mortar thereabout. The insertion portion  174  retains the mass and substantially the tensile strength as prior to deformation. The vertical height of the insertion portion  174  is reduced so that, upon installation, mortar of bed joint  130  flows around the insertion portion  174 . The insertion portion  174  has an upper surface  193  and a lower surface  195  which are each optionally compressibly deformed and have a pattern of recessed areas  157  or corrugations impressed thereon for receiving mortar within the recessed areas  157 . 
         [0103]    Upon compression, a pattern or corrugation  157  is impressed on insertion portion  174  and, upon the mortar of bed joint  130  flowing around the insertion portion  174 , the mortar flows into the corrugation  157 . For enhanced holding, the corrugations  157  are, upon installation, substantially parallel to x-axis  134 . Other patterns such as a waffle-like, cellular structure and similar structures optionally replace the corrugations. With the veneer tie  144  constructed as described, the veneer tie  144  is characterized by maintaining substantially all the tensile strength as prior to compression while acquiring a desired low profile. The insertion portion  174  is optionally fabricated from 0.172- to 0.312-inch diameter wire and compressively reduced to a height of 0.162 to 0.187 inches. 
         [0104]    The insertion portion  174  is optionally configured with a swaged indentation or compression  173  to accommodate therewithin a reinforcement wire or straight wire member  171  of predetermined diameter. The insertion portion  174  has a compression  173  dimensioned to interlock with the reinforcement wire  171 . With this configuration, the bed joint height specification is readily maintained and the reinforcing wire  171  interlocks with the veneer tie  144  within the 0.300-inch tolerance, thereby forming a seismic construct. 
         [0105]    The description which follows is of a third embodiment of the anchoring system hereof including a ribbon veneer tie of this invention. For ease of comprehension, where similar parts are used reference designators “ 200 ” units higher are employed. Thus, the anchor  240  of the third embodiment is analogous to the anchor  40  of the first embodiment. Referring now to  FIGS. 2 through 5  and  7  through  13 , the third embodiment of the high-strength anchoring system is shown and is referred to generally by the numeral  210 . The system  210  employing a wall anchor  240  in a dry wall structure  212  is shown having an interior wythe or drywall backup  214  with sheetrock or wallboard  216  mounted on metal studs or columns  217  and an outer wythe or facing wall  218  of brick  220  construction. Inner wythes constructed of masonry materials or wood framing (not shown) are also applicable. Between the inner wythe  214  and the outer wythe  218 , a cavity  222  is formed. The outer wythe  218  has a facial plane in the cavity  222 . The cavity  222  has attached to the exterior surface  224  of the inner wythe  214  an air/vapor barrier  225  and insulation  226 . The air/vapor barrier  225  and the wallboard  216  together form the exterior layer  228  of the inner wythe  214 , which exterior layer  228  has the insulation  226  disposed thereon. 
         [0106]    The outer wythe  218  has successive bed joints  230  and  232  that are substantially planar and horizontally disposed and, in accord with current building standards, are 0.375-inch (approx.) in height. Selective ones of bed joints  230  and  232 , which are formed between courses of bricks  220 , are constructed to receive therewithin the insertion portion of the veneer anchor hereof. Being threadedly mounted in the inner wythe, the wall anchor is supported thereby and, as described in greater detail hereinbelow, is configured to minimize air and moisture penetration around the wall anchor/inner wythe interface. 
         [0107]    For purposes of discussion, the cavity surface  224  of the inner wythe  214  contains a horizontal line or x-axis  234  and intersecting vertical line or y-axis  236 . A horizontal line or z-axis  238 , normal to the xy-plane, passes through the coordinate origin formed by the intersecting x- and y-axes. 
         [0108]    At intervals along a horizontal surface  224 , wall anchors  240  are driven into place in the anchor-receiving channels  248 . The wall anchors  240  are positioned on surface  224  so that the longitudinal axis  247  of wall anchor  240  is normal to an xy-plane and taps into column  217 . As best shown in  FIGS. 9 and 10 , the wall anchor  240  extends from a driven end  252  to a driving end  254 . The driven end  252  is constructed with a self-drilling or threaded screw portion  256 . The wall anchor  240 , while shown as a unitary structure, may be manufactured as an assemblage of several distinct parts. 
         [0109]    Contiguous with screw portion  256  is a dual-diameter barrel with a smaller diameter barrel or first shaft portion  258  toward the driven end  252  and a larger diameter barrel or second shaft portion  260  toward the driving end  254 . At the juncture of shaft portions  258  and  260 , a first flange  262  is formed and a stabilizing neoprene fitting or internal seal  264 , constructed of a non-conductive, high-strength polymeric material, emplaced thereat. The seal  264  provides a thermal break in the anchoring system thereby precluding thermal transfer. When fully driven into column  217  the screw  256  and shaft portion  258  of wall anchor  240  pierces the sheetrock or wallboard  216  and air/vapor barrier  225 . 
         [0110]    At the driving end  254 , a driver portion  266  adjoins larger diameter barrel or shaft portion  260  forming a flange  268  therebetween and another stabilizing neoprene fitting or external seal  270 , constructed of a non-conductive, high-strength polymeric material is emplaced thereat. The seal  264  provides a thermal break in the anchoring system thereby precluding thermal transfer. Upon installation into the rigid insulation  226 , the second shaft portion  260  is forced into a press fit relationship with anchor-receiving channel  248 . Stabilization of this stud-type wall anchor  240  is attained by second shaft portion  260  and neoprene fitting  264  completely filling the channel  248  with external neoprene fitting  270  capping the opening of channel  248  into cavity  222  and clamping wall anchor  240  in place. This arrangement does not leave any end play or wiggle room for pin-point loading of the wall anchor and therefore does not loosen over time. With stabilizing fitting or external seal  270  in place, the insulation integrity within the cavity wall is maintained. The driver portion  266  is capable of being driven using a conventional chuck and has a substantially oval aperture  255  for interconnection with a veneer tie  244 . 
         [0111]    [In producing wall anchor  248 , the length of the first shaft  258  less the internal seal  264  height is dimensioned to match the external layer  228  thickness. Similarly, the length of the second shaft portion  260  plus the internal seal  264  height is dimensioned to match the insulation thickness. 
         [0112]    The veneer tie  244  is more fully shown in  FIGS. 2 through 5 ,  7  through  10 . The veneer tie  244  is a wire formative constructed from mill galvanized, hot-dip galvanized, stainless steel or other similar high-strength material and has an insertion portion  274  with an outer leg  279  and an inner leg  277  offset from the outer leg  279 . Contiguous with the insertion portion  274  are two cavity portions  265 ,  267 . The veneer tie  244  has a ribbon portion  262  that is threaded through the anchor aperture  255  to interconnect with the anchor  240 . The ribbon portion  262  has a major axis  237  and a minor axis  239  and consists of two joinder portions  263 ,  264  and an interconnecting portion  281 . The joinder portions  263 ,  264  are contiguous with the cavity portions  265 ,  267 . The interconnecting portion  281  is substantially U-shaped and contiguous with the joinder portions  263 ,  264  and has a longitudinal axis  219  in a plane substantially parallel to the facial plane  223  of the outer wythe  218   
         [0113]    The ribbon portion  262  is formed by compressively reducing the wire formative of the veneer tie  244 . The ribbon portion  262  is dimensioned to closely fit within the driver aperture  255 . The ribbon portion  262  has been compressively reduced so that, when viewed as installed, the major axis  237  of said ribbon portion  262  is substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis  247  of the anchor  240 . 
         [0114]    The cross-sectional illustrations show the manner in which wythe-to-wythe and side-to-side movement is limited by the close fitting relationship between the compressively reduced ribbon portion  262  and the driver aperture  255 . The minor axis of the compressively reduced ribbon portion  262  is optimally between 30 to 75% of the diameter of the 0.172- to 0.312-inch wire formative and when reduced by one-third has a tension and compression rating of at least 130% of the original wire formative material. The wire formative, once compressed, is ribbon-like in appearance; however, maintains substantially the same cross sectional area as the wire formative body. 
         [0115]    Alternative to the wire formative veneer tie shown in  FIGS. 2 through 5 , the insertion portion  174  of the veneer tie  144  as shown in  FIGS. 7 and 8  is a wire formative formed from a wire having a diameter substantially equal to the predetermined height of the mortar joint. Upon compressible reduction in height, the insertion portion  174  is mounted upon the exterior wythe positioned to receive mortar thereabout. The insertion portion  174  retains the mass and substantially the tensile strength as prior to deformation. The vertical height of the insertion portion  174  is reduced so that, upon installation, mortar of bed joint  230  flows around the insertion portion  174 . The insertion portion  174  has an upper surface  195  and a lower surface  193  which are each optionally compressibly deformed and have a pattern of recessed areas  157  or corrugations impressed thereon for receiving mortar within the recessed areas  157 . 
         [0116]    Upon compression, a pattern or corrugation  157  is impressed on insertion portion  174  and, upon the mortar of bed joint  230  flowing around the insertion portion  174 , the mortar flows into the corrugation  157 . For enhanced holding, the corrugations  157  are, upon installation, substantially parallel to x-axis  234 . Other patterns such as a waffle-like, cellular structure and similar structures optionally replace the corrugations. With the veneer tie  144  constructed as described, the veneer tie  144  is characterized by maintaining substantially all the tensile strength as prior to compression while acquiring a desired low profile. The insertion portion  174  is optionally fabricated from 0.172- to 0.312-inch diameter wire and compressively reduced to a height of 0.162 to 0.187 inches. 
         [0117]    The insertion portion  274  is optionally configured with a swaged indentation or compression  273  to accommodate therewithin a reinforcement wire or straight wire member  271  of predetermined diameter. The insertion portion  274  has a compression  273  dimensioned to interlock with the reinforcement wire  271 . With this configuration, the bed joint height specification is readily maintained and the reinforcing wire  271  interlocks with the veneer tie  244  within the 0.300-inch tolerance, thereby forming a seismic construct. The anchoring system hereof meets building code requirements for seismic construction and the wall structure reinforcement of both the inner and outer wythes exceeds the testing standards therefor. 
         [0118]    In  FIG. 13 , the compression of wire formatives is shown schematically. For purposes of discussion, the elongation of the compressed wire is disregarded as the elongation is negligible and the cross-sectional area of the construct remains substantially constant. Here, the veneer tie  244  is formed from 0.187-inch diameter wire and the ribbon pintles  262 ,  264  are reduced up to 75% of original diameter to a thickness of 0.113 inch. 
         [0119]    Analytically, the circular cross-section of a wire provides greater flexural strength than a sheetmetal counterpart. In the embodiments described herein the ribbon pintles components of the veneer tie  244  [also  44  and  144 ] is cold-worked or partially flattened so that the specification is maintained and high-strength ribbon pintles are provided. It has been found that, when the appropriate metal alloy is cold-worked, the desired plastic deformation takes place with a concomitant increase in tensile strength and a decrease in ductility. These property changes suit the application at hand. In deforming a wire with a circular cross-section, the cross-section of the resultant body is substantially semicircular at the outer edges with a rectangular body therebetween,  FIG. 13 . The deformed body has substantially the same cross-sectional area as the original wire. In each example in  FIG. 13 , progressive deformation of a wire is shown. Disregarding elongation and noting the prior comments, the topmost portion shows the original wire having a radius, r 1 =1; and area, A 1 =Π; length of deformation, L=0; and a diameter, D 1 . Upon successive deformations, the illustrations shows the area of circular cross-section bring progressively ½, ⅜ and ¼ of the area, A 1 , or A 2 =½ Π; A 3 =⅜; and A 4 =¼ Π, respectively. With the first deformation, the rectangular portion has a length L=1.11r (in terms of the initial radius of 1); a height, h 2 =1.14; (D 2 =0.71D 1 , where D=diameter); and therefore has an area of approximately ½ Π. Likewise, with the second deformation, the rectangular portion has a length, L=1.38r; a height, h 3 =1.14; a diameter D 3 =0.57D 1 ; and therefore has an area of approximately ⅝ Π. Yet again, with the third deformation, the rectangular portion has a length, L=2.36r; a height h 4 =1; a diameter, degree of plastic deformation to remain at a 0.300 inch (approx.) combined height for the truss and wall tie can, as will be seen hereinbelow, be used to optimize the high-strength ribbon pintle anchoring system. 
         [0120]    In testing the high-strength veneer tie described hereinabove, the test protocol is drawn from ASTM Standard E754-80 (Reapproved 2006) entitled, Standard Test Method for Pullout Resistance of Ties and Anchors Embedded in Masonry Mortar Joints. This test method is promulgated by and is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Performance of Buildings and provides procedures for determining the ability of individual masonry ties and anchors to resist extraction from a masonry mortar joint. 
         [0121]    In forming the ribbon pintles, the wire body of up to 0.375-inch in diameter is compressed up to 75% of the wire diameter. When compared to standard, wire formatives having diameters in the 0.172- to 0.195-inch range, a ribbon pintle reduced by one-third from the same stock as the standard tie showed upon testing a tension and compression rating that was at least 130% of the rating for the standard tie. 
         [0122]    Because many varying and different embodiments may be made within the scope of the inventive concept herein taught, and because many modifications may be made in the embodiments herein detailed in accordance with the descriptive requirement of the law, it is to be understood that the details herein are to be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.