Abstract:
A complementary MOS voltage level shift circuit which can be used as a memory buffer circuit, for example, is disclosed. The circuit utilizes both N-channel depletion mode devices and P-channel enhancement mode MOS devices preferably fabricated on silicon-on-sapphire. Both types of devices are operated with only negative or zero gate-source voltage in order to minimize threshold voltage shifts in radiation environments. A capacitive voltage level shifting technique is used to obtain push-pull operation with driver type devices in order to reduce power consumption and increase switching speed while feeding into a capacitive load. Load type devices are used to prevent discharge of a capacitive load.

Description:
STATEMENT OF GOVERNMENT INTEREST 
     The invention herein described was made in the course of or under Contract No. F-33651-73-C-1093 with the Department of the Air Force. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The invention relates to MOS circuits and more specifically to complementary MOS voltage level shift circuits. 
     2. Description of the Prior Art 
     There are several areas, for example in MNOS memories, where a high-speed, high-voltage buffer is required. One form of such buffer incorporates all P-channel devices and has undesirable high power dissipation. In addition, since these P-channel devices dissipate so much power, they have to have small width-to-length ratios. Such devices have slower switching speeds. N-channel devices are not normally used, for example, in MNOS memories because their reverse breakdown characteristics are such that voltage swings are limited to about 15 V. Usually, a 30 V swing is required to obtain good writing characteristics in MNOS memories. Another type of buffer uses multiple clocking inputs which complicates timing considerations. 
     What is needed, then, is a simple, high speed, high voltage MOS memory buffer which dissipates a minimal amount of power, and whose voltage output is capable of making large swings, for example, 30 V. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The subject of the invention is a complementary MOS voltage level shift circuit preferably fabricated on silicon-on-sapphire utilizing a logic input section capacitively coupled to a voltage level shift section. The input section comprises three logic gates including a first N-channel depletion mode MOS transistor and a first and second P-channel enhancement mode MOS transistors. Each of these transistors is a driver device characterized by a large channel width-to-length ratio and large current output. Each transistor acts as a separate input element accepting logic inputs applied to their respective gates. The output of this section is the drain of the first P-channel transistor. The voltage level shift section comprises a third P-channel enhancement mode MOS transistor and a second N-channel depletion mode MOS transistor connected in a push-pull configuration. Because power is used only when switching voltage levels, this configuration uses a minimal amount of power. Both these transistors have large channel width-to-length ratios which increases switching speed. The second N-channel transistor is capacitively coupled to the input section. Three other N-channel depletion mode MOS transistors act as loads and provide sufficient current in the absence of the initial charging source to prevent any load capacitances from discharging. These N-channel transistors have small width-to-length ratios and have high impedances. They, therefore, use only a small amount of current. All MOS gate-source voltages are negative or zero in order to minimize the deleterious effects of radiation. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a complementary MOS voltage level shift circuit utilized as a memory buffer circuit in accordance with the teaching of the invention; and 
     FIG. 2 is a timing diagram showing typical operating conditions of the buffer circuit of FIG. 1. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the complementary MOS memory buffer circuit utilized, for example, as a memory address enable buffer. In this particular embodiment of a memory address enable buffer, the gate of a first N-channel depletion mode MOS transistor 10 is connected to a first input node A. The source and substrate of the N-channel transistor 10 is connected to a first reference voltage 12, preferably in the range of -10V DC. The gate of a first P-channel enhancement mode MOS transistor 13 is connected to a second input node AE. The substrate of the transistor 13 is connected to a second reference voltage 15, preferably in the range of +10V DC. A first diode 16 is coupled between the drain of said first N-channel transistor 10 and the drain of said first P-channel transistor 13. The gate of a second P-channel transistor 17 is connected to a third input node CS, the source and substrate of the transistor 17 are connected to said reference 15; and the drain of the transistor 17 is connected to the source of said first P-channel transistor 13. The circuit of the invention, utilized as illustrated in FIG. 1, acts as a buffer between the input voltage A, AE and CS and memory circuitry represented by the dashed lines at 34 and 35. 
     The gate, source, and substrate of a second N-channel depletion mode MOS transistor 19 are connected to a fourth input node MW, which connection turns the transistor 19 always on. A second diode 31 is coupled between the drain of the P-channel transistor 13 and the N-channel transistor 19. Potentials to the input nodes A, AE, CS, and MW are supplied by logic circuitry external to the circuit of the invention. 
     The gate, source, and substrate of a third N-channel depletion mode MOS transistor 22 are connected to a third reference voltage 23, preferably in the range of -20V, which connection turns the transistor 22 always on. The drain of the N-channel transistor 22 is connected to the gate of a fourth N-channel depletion mode MOS transistor 24. The source and substrate of the N-channel transistor 24 are connected to the reference voltage 12. A third diode 33 is coupled between the source and the gate of the N-channel transistor 24. 
     A capacitor 26 is coupled between the gate of the N-channel transistor 24 and the gate of a third P-channel enhancement mode MOS transistor 27. The source and substrate of the transistor 27 are connected to the reference voltage 15. A fourth diode 28 is coupled between the drain of the P-channel transistor 27 and the drain of the N-channel transistor 24. A line 21 couples the drain of the P-channel transistor 13 and the gate of the P-channel transistor 27. 
     The gate, source, and substrate of a fifth N-channel depletion mode MOS transistor 29 are connected to the input voltage MW which connection turns the transistor 29 always on. A fifth diode 32 is coupled between the drain of the P-channel transistor 27 and the N-channel transistor 29. 
     FIG. 2 is a timing diagram illustrative of a typical operating cycle of the invention utilized as an address enable memory buffer circuit, for example. The waveform, A, AE, CS, MW, E and F in FIG. 2 refer to similar characters in FIG. 1. 
     The operation of the circuit illustrated in FIG. 1 will be described in connection with the timing diagram of FIG. 2. In a typical operating cycle of an address enable buffer, initially, a potential of +10V DC is applied to the nodes AE and CS and a potential of -10V DC is applied to the nodes A and MW by means external to the circuit of the invention. 
     Under the above conditions, the transistors 13 and 17 are turned OFF and the transistor 10 is turned ON. Since the diode 16 is forward biased, the node E is charged to -10 V from the reference voltage 12 through the transistor 10. The charging of the node E to -10 V feeds through the capacitor 26 insuring that the transistor 24 is OFF with the aid of the transistor 22 which is charging the node 25 to -20 V since transistor 22 is always ON. At the same time, this charging of the node E to -10 V turns the transistor 27 ON, which pulls the node F to +10 V. So, after a period of time t 1  node E is charged to -10 V as shown in FIG. 2 by the waveform E, the transistor 24 is OFF, the transistor 27 is turned ON, and the node F, which is the circuit output, is at +10 V as shown in FIG. 2 by the waveform F. 
     When the voltage at the node A changes to -20 V and the voltage at CS changes to 0 V, as shown at t 2  in FIG. 2, the transistor 10 turns OFF and the transistor 17 turns ON. But, since the transistor 13 is still OFF, the node E remains charged to -10 V as shown by waveform E. In the absence of the large charging current provided by the transistor 10, the transistor 19 provides a smaller current to prevent the load capacitances at the node E from discharging and thereby disturbing the logic operation of the buffer. 
     When the voltage at the node AE changes to 0 V, as shown in FIG. 2 by the waveform AE at time t 3 , the transistor 13 turns ON which pulls the node E to +10 V through the transistors 13 and 17. After this time, t 3 , there is a current path from the input voltage MW, through the transistors 19, 13, and 17 to the reference voltage 15. Because the transistor 19 has a small channel width-to-length ratio, it presents a high impedance to current. Therefore, only a very small current flows in this path, which current causes the node E to be at slightly less than +10 V. When the node E goes to +10 V, the transistor 27 turns OFF and the positive feedthrough of the +10 V through the capacitor 26 turns ON the transistor 24. The diode 33 clamps the voltage at the node 25 to approximately -10 V to keep the gate-source bias of the transistor 24 non-positive. The capacitor 26 provides AC coupling but blocks any DC path between the nodes E and the node 25. This push-pull action between the transistors 24 and 27 provides for low power switching. Also, the large channel width-to-length ratio of the transistors 24 and 27 provides for increased switching speed. When the transistor 24 turns ON, the reference voltage 12 charges the node F, the circuit output, to -10 V since the diode 28 is forwrd biased. 
     When the input voltage MW is changed to -20 V as shown by the waveform MW at t 4  in FIG. 2, the node F charges to -20 V since the transistor 29 is always ON. The node E remains at +10 V, however, because of the high impedance of the transistor 19. As shown by waveform F, the node F charges slowly to -20 V. This is because the transistor 29 which is the charging source provides a smaller amount of charging current than does the transistor 24 which is the initial charging source. The transistor 29 also provides a small current to prevent the nodal capacitances at the node F from discharging in the absence of the large charging current provided by the transistor 24. 
     In summary, we see that the output of the buffer, node F, as shown in FIG. 2 by the waveform F, makes a 30 V swing from a +10 V to a -20 V in response to a sequence of voltage swings at the inputs A, AE, CS, and MW. The push-pull action of the driving transistors 24 and 27 achieves this voltage swing speedily using minimal power. In addition, the use of only negative gate-source potentials minimizes the degrading effects of radiation on the logic performance of the circuit shown in FIG. 1. The waveforms in FIG. 2 used to illustrate the operation of the circuit of the invention are typical waveforms observed in a write mode. 
     When it is desired that the particular section of memory to which the circuit of the invention is connected not be used, the circuit is put in a standby condition by applying a potential of -10 V to the node A, a potential of 0 V to the node AE, and a potential of preferably, +10 V to the node MW. A potential of +10 V applied to the node MW reverse biases the diodes 31 and 32 and presents an even higher impedance to current flow through the transistors 19 and 29, respectively. Thus, in the standby mode, the transistors 19 and 29 consume very little current. 
     It is to be understood that the circuit described in the invention would work even faster if the fifth N-channel transistor 29 were operated with a positive gate-source bias, but such a bias would diminish the radiation protection provided by the non-positive gate-source bias. Also, other logic high and low levels could be used as logic inputs by suitable adjustment to the various reference voltages utilized by the buffer.