Abstract:
Provided are ginsenoside C-K polymorphic forms and a method for preparing same. The ginsenoside C-K polymorphic forms are crystal form D and crystal form H.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0001]    The present invention relates to the pharmaceutical field, and more particularly, the present invention relates to two novel crystal forms of ginsenoside C-K and the method for preparing the same. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    Ginsenosides are primary active ingredients of ginseng, in which ginsenoside C-K belongs to a diol-type ginsenoside, and is not present in natural ginseng. Ginsenoside C-K is the major degradation product of other diol-type ginsenosides in human intestinal tract, which is indeed the entity that is absorbed and effects in the human body. Ginsenoside C-K not only has favorable activities in the aspects including anti-tumor, anti-inflammation, anti-allergy, liver protection and the like, but also plays a good role in regulation of both nervous system and immune system. 
         [0003]    At present, reference 1 (Studies on the preparation, crystal structure and bioactivity of ginsenoside compound K,  Journal of Asian Natural Products Research,  2006, 8(6), 519-527) has reported a crystal form of ginsenoside C-K, which is designated as crystal form G. It has been reported that the crystal form is a dihydrate of ginsenoside C-K, which belongs to the monoclinic system and has the following cell parameters: a=15.992(3) Å, b=11.960(19) Å, c=20.127(3) Å, α=90°, β=101.85°, γ=90°, V=3767.5(11)A 3 , and Z=4, in which the solvent system used consists of acetonitrile and water. 
         [0004]    Generally, for an active pharmaceutical ingredient, the bioavailability may vary due to different crystal forms. Furthermore, physicochemical properties, including stability, flowability and compressibility may also be different, which will have certain influence on its applications. The crystal form D and crystal form H of ginsenoside C-K provided in the present invention have better stability than the existing crystal form G. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0005]    In the present invention, two novel crystal forms including crystal form D and crystal form H of ginsenoside C-K are provided, and the methods for preparing the two crystal forms are also provided, in which the crystal form D is the crystal of ginsenoside C-K monohydrate. 
         [0006]    In one aspect of the present invention, the crystal form D of ginsenoside C-K is provided, which is characterized in that there are diffraction peaks at 2θ values (°) of about 6.39, 12.71, 13.30, 15.79, 16.14, 16.44, 20.03, 20.74 and 24.29 in the XRPD pattern, and preferably, these peaks are major peaks, in which the error range of 2θ value is ±0.2. 
         [0007]    In further embodiments, the crystal form D of ginsenoside C-K also has diffraction peaks at 2θ values (°) of about 10.66, 11.21, 16.85, 17.27, 19.05, 21.33, 21.65, 22.52, 23.48, 24.93, 25.46, 26.76, 27.99, 29.15, 30.39, and 34.14, and further preferably, these peaks are minor diffraction peaks, in which the error range of 2θ value is ±0.2. 
         [0008]    In further embodiments, the crystal form D of ginsenoside C-K has diffraction peaks of the XRPD pattern substantially as shown in  FIG. 1 . 
         [0009]    The specific data of the XRPD pattern are listed in the table below: 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 The XRPD diffraction angles of the crystal form D of ginsenoside C-K 
               
             
          
           
               
                 No. 
                 2θ (°) 
                 I % 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 1 
                 6.39 
                 100 
               
               
                 2 
                 10.66 
                 1 
               
               
                 3 
                 11.21 
                 3.8 
               
               
                 4 
                 12.71 
                 12.7 
               
               
                 5 
                 13.30 
                 39.3 
               
               
                 6 
                 15.79 
                 23.7 
               
               
                 7 
                 16.14 
                 27.3 
               
               
                 8 
                 16.44 
                 35.4 
               
               
                 9 
                 16.85 
                 3.8 
               
               
                 10 
                 17.27 
                 6.8 
               
               
                 11 
                 19.05 
                 2 
               
               
                 12 
                 20.03 
                 10.9 
               
               
                 13 
                 20.74 
                 9.3 
               
               
                 14 
                 21.33 
                 2.4 
               
               
                 15 
                 21.65 
                 1.3 
               
               
                 16 
                 22.52 
                 2.5 
               
               
                 17 
                 23.48 
                 2.7 
               
               
                 18 
                 24.29 
                 8.6 
               
               
                 19 
                 24.93 
                 3 
               
               
                 20 
                 25.46 
                 6.3 
               
               
                 21 
                 26.76 
                 2 
               
               
                 22 
                 27.99 
                 3.8 
               
               
                 23 
                 29.15 
                 2.6 
               
               
                 24 
                 30.39 
                 2 
               
               
                 25 
                 34.14 
                 2.9 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0010]    In further embodiments, the crystal form D of ginsenoside C-K has an endothermic peak at around 154±5° C. in the DSC pattern. 
         [0011]    The crystal form D of ginsenoside C-K is characterized in that it is a ginsenoside C-K monohydrate, belongs to monoclinic system, and has the following cell parameters: a=15.856(3) Å, b=7.582(2) Å, c=16.567(3) Å, α=γ=90.00°, β=117.95 (3)°, cell volume V=1759.4(6) Å 3 , and the number of asymmetric unit in the cell Z=2. 
         [0012]    In another embodiment of the present invention, a method for preparing the crystal form D of ginsenoside C-K is provided, which comprises: (1) dissolving ginsenoside C-K in an organic solvent or a mixed solvent of organic solvent and water, preferably in a mixed solvent of organic solvent and water in a volume ratio of 3:1; (2) adding dropwise water, preferably the water in a volume of 1-4 folds of the organic solvent or the mixed solvent of organic solvent and water in step (1); (3) stirring, filtering, and drying the filter cake under vacuum to obtain the crystal form D of ginsenoside C-K. The organic solvent is selected from the group consisting of n-propanol and tetrahydrofuran. 
         [0013]    In a further embodiment of the present invention, a method for preparing the crystal form D of ginsenoside C-K is additionally provided, which comprises: (1) dissolving ginsenoside C-K in a mixed solvent of acetonitrile and water, or a mixed solvent of dimethyl sulfoxide and nitromethane, (2) removing the solvent slowly by evaporation, or removing a portion of the solvent slowly by evaporation, followed by filtration; (3) drying the resultant solid under vacuum to obtain the crystal form D of ginsenoside C-K. 
         [0014]    In the above embodiments of the method, the ginsenoside C-K used can be any form of ginsenoside C-K, including the crystal form G of ginsenoside C-K. 
         [0015]    In another aspect of the present invention, a crystal form H of ginsenoside C-K is provided, which is characterized in that there are diffraction peaks at 2θ values (°) of about 5.53, 6.71, 11.11, 13.36, 14.64, 15.59, 15.97, 17.25, 18.18, 19.67, 20.76, 22.40, 23.80, 24.69, 26.60 and 28.22 in the XRPD pattern, and preferably, these peaks are major diffraction peaks, in which the error range of 2θ value is ±0.2. 
         [0016]    In further embodiments, the crystal form H of ginsenoside C-K of the present invention also has diffraction peaks at 2θ values (°) of 11.82, 12.77, 14.23, 19.12, 20.47, 32.29 and 42.29, and preferably, these peaks are minor diffraction peaks, in which the error range of 2θ value is ±0.2. 
         [0017]    In further embodiments, the crystal form H of ginsenoside C-K has the diffraction peaks of the XRPD pattern substantially as shown in  FIG. 3 . 
         [0018]    The specific data of the XRPD pattern are listed in the table below: 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 The XRPD diffraction angles of the crystal form H of ginsenoside C-K 
               
             
          
           
               
                 No. 
                 2θ (°) 
                 I % 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 1 
                 5.53 
                 69.1 
               
               
                 2 
                 6.71 
                 100 
               
               
                 3 
                 11.11 
                 34.2 
               
               
                 4 
                 11.82 
                 7.5 
               
               
                 5 
                 12.77 
                 19.1 
               
               
                 6 
                 13.36 
                 45.9 
               
               
                 7 
                 14.23 
                 6.6 
               
               
                 8 
                 14.64 
                 67.7 
               
               
                 9 
                 15.59 
                 76.8 
               
               
                 10 
                 15.97 
                 63 
               
               
                 11 
                 17.25 
                 23.5 
               
               
                 12 
                 18.18 
                 13.8 
               
               
                 13 
                 19.12 
                 5.1 
               
               
                 14 
                 19.67 
                 13.3 
               
               
                 15 
                 20.47 
                 11.3 
               
               
                 16 
                 20.76 
                 30.8 
               
               
                 17 
                 22.40 
                 15.5 
               
               
                 18 
                 23.80 
                 18.9 
               
               
                 19 
                 24.69 
                 10.5 
               
               
                 20 
                 26.60 
                 10.6 
               
               
                 21 
                 28.22 
                 13.1 
               
               
                 22 
                 32.29 
                 6.4 
               
               
                 23 
                 42.29 
                 5 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0019]    In further embodiments, the crystal form H of ginsenoside C-K has an endothermic peak at 181±5° C. in the DSC pattern. 
         [0020]    In another embodiment of the present invention, a method for preparing the crystal form H of ginsenoside C-K is provided, which comprises: (1) dissolving ginsenoside C-K in a mixed solvent of 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and butyl acetate, (2) removing a portion of the solvent slowly by evaporation at room temperature to obtain a suspension; (3) filtering, drying the resultant solid under vacuum to obtain the crystal form H of ginsenoside C-K. 
         [0021]    In another embodiment of the present invention, a method for preparing the crystal form H of ginsenoside C-K is additionally provided, which comprises: (1) placing ginsenoside C-K in acetone, heating and stirring the resultant suspension, and most preferably heating to around 50° C.; (2) filtering, and drying the resultant filter cake under vacuum to obtain the crystal form H of ginsenoside C-K. 
         [0022]    In another embodiment of the present invention, a method for preparing the crystal form H of ginsenoside C-K is additionally provided, which comprises: (1) dissolving ginsenoside C-K in an organic solvent at increased temperature; (2) cooling and standing to obtain a solid; (3) filtering, and drying the resultant solid to obtain the crystal form H of ginsenoside C-K, wherein the organic solvent is selected from the group consisting of acetone, butanone, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate and a combination thereof. 
         [0023]    In the above embodiments of method, the ginsenoside C-K used can be any form of ginsenoside C-K, including the crystal form G. 
         [0024]    The thermostability data of the crystal form D and crystal form H, together with crystal form G are also provided in the present invention, suggesting that the two novel crystal forms have better stability than crystal form G. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0025]      FIG. 1  is the X-ray powder diffraction pattern of the crystal form D of ginsenoside C-K obtained in Example 1; 
           [0026]      FIG. 2  is the DSC pattern of the crystal form D of ginsenoside C-K obtained in Example 1; 
           [0027]      FIG. 3  is the simulated X-ray powder diffraction pattern of the crystal form D of ginsenoside C-K monocrystalline obtained in Example 1; 
           [0028]      FIG. 4  is the X-ray powder diffraction pattern of the crystal form D product obtained in Example 2; 
           [0029]      FIG. 5  is the X-ray powder diffraction pattern of the crystal form H of ginsenoside C-K obtained in Example 4, and the X-ray powder diffraction pattern of the crystal form H obtained in Example 5 is consistent with  FIG. 5 ; 
           [0030]      FIG. 6  is the DSC pattern of the crystal form H of ginsenoside C-K obtained in Example 4, and the DSC pattern of the crystal form H obtained in Example 5 is consistent with  FIG. 6 ; 
           [0031]      FIG. 7  is the X-ray powder diffraction pattern of the crystal form H obtained in Example 6. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0032]    The crystal form of all of the materials used in the examples is crystal form G (obtained according to reference 1 mentioned above). 
       1. Preparation of the Crystal Form D of Ginsenoside C-K 
     Example 1 
       [0033]    1 g ginsenoside C-K was added into 60 ml mixed solvent of acetonitrile and water (in a volume ratio of 3:1), and dissolved by stirring. After filtration, the filtrate was placed at room temperature for 2 days, from which rod-like crystals were taken out and analyzed by SXRD. The results suggested that the crystal belonged to monoclinic system, and had the following cell parameters: a=15.856(3) Å, b=7.582(2) Å, c=16.567(3) Å, α=γ=90.00°, β=117.95 (3)°, cell volume V=1759.4(6) Å 3 , and the number of asymmetric unit in the cell Z=2. The simulated XRPD pattern was shown in  FIG. 3 . 
       Example 2 
       [0034]    1 g ginsenoside C-K was placed in a container, into which 10 ml water and 30 ml n-propanol were added. After dissolution by stirring, 80 ml water was added dropwise. After filtration, the filter cake was washed twice using 40 ml water, dried at room temperature under vacuum to obtain the crystal form D of ginsenoside C-K. Its XRPD pattern was shown in  FIG. 4 . 
       Example 3 
       [0035]    3 g ginsenoside C-K was placed in a container, into which 90 ml nitromethane and 10 ml dimethyl sulfoxide were added. After dissolution by stirring, a portion of the solvent was removed by evaporation slowly. After filtration, the filter cake was washed twice using 40 ml water, dried at room temperature under vacuum to obtain the crystal form D of ginsenoside C-K. 
       2. Preparation of the Crystal Form H of Ginsenoside C-K 
     Example 4 
       [0036]    1 g ginsenoside C-K was placed in a container, into which 10 ml NMP was added followed by 60 ml butyl acetate. After dissolution, a portion of the solvent was removed by evaporation slowly to obtain the solid. After filtration, the solid was dried at room temperature under vacuum to obtain the crystal form H of ginsenoside C-K. 
       Example 5 
       [0037]    2 g ginsenoside C-K was placed in a container, into which 20 ml acetone was added and warmed up to 50° C. to form a suspension. After stirring for 72 h, the suspension was filtered and the filter cake was dried under vacuum to obtain the crystal form H of ginsenoside C-K. 
       Example 6 
       [0038]    2.3 g ginsenoside C-K was placed in a container, into which 100 ml acetone was added and warmed up to 55° C. After dissolution by stirring, the solution was cooled to room temperature and placed for 12 h to develop a solid. After filtration, the filter cake was dried under vacuum to obtain the crystal form H of ginsenoside C-K. Its XRPD pattern was shown in  FIG. 7 . 
       Example 7 
       [0039]    0.7 g ginsenoside C-K was placed in a container, into which 15 ml ethyl acetate and 45 ml acetone were added and warmed up to 45° C. After dissolution by stirring, the solution was cooled to 4° C. to develop a solid. After filtration, the filter cake was dried under vacuum to obtain the crystal form H of ginsenoside C-K. 
       3. Thermostability Test 
       [0040]    The samples of crystal form D, crystal form H and crystal form G were each placed for 1 week at 80° C., and subsequently the changes of the crystal form were detected. The results showed that under such conditions, no change was observed for the crystal form D and crystal form H, whereas the crystal form G changed to crystal form D, which indicated that both crystal form H and crystal form D had better thermostability. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 3 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Results of the thermostability test 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 The crystal 
                 Test 
                 Test 
                 The crystal form 
               
               
                   
                 form before test 
                 temperature 
                 duration 
                 after test 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 D 
                 80° C. 
                 1 week 
                 D 
               
               
                   
                 H 
                 80° C. 
                 1 week 
                 H 
               
               
                   
                 G 
                 80° C. 
                 1 week 
                 D