Abstract:
A method is designed for embedding an identification code into a musical apparatus which is allotted a serial number. The method is carried out by the steps of accepting an input of the serial number by a user of the musical apparatus, applying a specific operation to the accepted serial number to generate the identification code which is associated with the serial number and which is capable of uniquely identifying the music apparatus, and writing the generated identification code into a specified address of a nonvolatile memory which is integrated in the music apparatus such that the written identification code is never rewritten inappropriately.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
   The present invention relates to a method of providing a musical apparatus with an apparatus ID for specifying the apparatus. 
   The present invention also relates to a license management method of music data provided for a musical apparatus. 
   Various musical apparatuses such as digital mixers and synthesizers have a plurality of functions. Basically, a user can use all the functions provided. These musical apparatus functions must be appropriately protected and managed from the viewpoint of copyright protection, license management, and security stabilization. 
   For such protection and management, each musical apparatus needs to keep an unrewritable apparatus ID. Such ID is used for identify individual musical apparatuses one by one and inspects and manages concerning: which function is licensed for which apparatus; whether or not musical data to be used is permitted for the apparatus; or whether or not musical data is to be used for an unauthorized apparatus. Musical apparatuses are allocated with apparatus IDs in several ways. For example, before shipment, the manufacturer just memorizes an apparatus ID for specifying each musical apparatus in a storage device of each musical apparatus. However, there may be a case where an apparatus ID needs to be allotted to the musical apparatus located at a user&#39;s site. When there are available musical apparatuses of different versions of firmware, for example, those installed with an earlier version of firmware might be shipped without the apparatus ID. In such a case, when the firmware is upgraded at the user site, an apparatus ID might be provided. 
   For this purpose, the inventors propose a technique to automatically provide an apparatus ID to musical apparatuses that are already shipped or are scheduled to be shipped (Jpn. Pat. Appln. No. 2002-074928, undisclosed at the time of the present application). The undisclosed application describes several methods. For example, one method allows a user to enter an apparatus&#39;s serial number and uses this serial number as the apparatus ID. Another method uses the ID supplied to the CPU as the apparatus ID. Still another method generates a random number at an initial power-on time and stores this random number as the apparatus ID. 
   However, a user may enter an incorrect serial number in the method of allowing the user to enter the apparatus&#39;s serial number. If an incorrect serial number is used for the user registration, a complicated procedure is needed to confirm an authorized user who wants the registration later. Further, the user may enter the same number for a plurality of apparatuses to assign the same apparatus ID to different apparatuses. 
   In the method of using the CPU&#39;s ID or a random number as the apparatus ID, such an apparatus is not related to the apparatus concerned and is inappropriate as an ID for identifying the apparatus. Normally, each apparatus has a unique serial number. The serial number may be engraved at the rear of the body or may be printed on an nameplate attached to the rear thereof. The apparatus&#39;s manufacturer manages users in association with the apparatus serial numbers. Accordingly, it is desired that an apparatus ID be associated with the apparatus serial number. 
   A musical apparatus uses internal nonvolatile memory to store various types of music data such as timbre data, sound source algorithm, effect data (only parameters), effect data (algorithm and parameters), song data, rhythm data, and accompaniment data. When purchasing a musical apparatus, a user can use all of these music data installed in the musical apparatus. On the other hand, these music data need to be protected and managed as needed from the viewpoint of copyright protection and license management. In particular, a considerable amount of time is spent to create music data in many cases, making the above-mentioned protection and management important. 
   The price of a musical apparatus includes costs of creating the above-mentioned music data, royalties of the copyright paid to musicians, and the like. Installing many pieces of music data increases the price of the musical apparatus. On the other hand, various demands are made from users who purchase the musical apparatus. Some users want a lot of song data and others attach greater value to effect data. Accordingly, it is preferable bunde minimum music data at the purchase of the musical apparatus and later add various music data at a user&#39;s request. In this case, a user may purchase new music data and personally install it in the musical apparatus. Users may think such work bothering or may make a mistake in the installation. 
   In consideration for the above-mentioned situations, it is desirable to supply the musical apparatus as follows. Before shipment of the musical apparatus, the internal memory stores as much data as possible. When purchasing the musical apparatus, users are allowed to use only part of the prestored music data. The remaining music data is protected against the use by means of a copyright management feature. Since some music data is protected against the use, the musical apparatus can be supplied at a low price. Preferably, users can unprotect the protected music data by paying a proper fee. 
   SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
   It is therefore a first object of the present invention to provide a method of later generating and storing an apparatus ID associated with an apparatus serial number for a musical apparatus which previously stores no apparatus ID. 
   It is therefore a second object of the present invention to provide a license management technology of music data so as to limit the use of part of music data pre-installed in a musical apparatus and allow a user who paid a specified fee to enable a procedure to remove the limitation without causing much operational inconvenience. 
   To achieve the first object, an inventive method is designed for embedding an identification code into a musical apparatus which is allotted a serial number. The inventive method comprises the steps of accepting an input of the serial number by a user of the musical apparatus, applying a specific operation to the accepted serial number to generate the identification code which is associated with the serial number and which is capable of uniquely identifying the music apparatus, and writing the generated identification code into a specified address of a nonvolatile memory which is integrated in the music apparatus such that the written identification code is never rewritten inappropriately. 
   Particularly, the inventive method is designed for embedding an identification code into a musical apparatus which is allotted a serial number, at the time of conducting a version-up of a firmware of the musical apparatus by a user. The inventive method comprises the steps of checking whether or not an identification code is stored at a specified address of a nonvolatile memory which is integrated in the musical apparatus, displaying a message prompting the user to input the serial number when the identification code is not stored in the specified address of the nonvolatile memory, accepting the input of the serial number from the user, applying a specific operation to the accepted serial number to generate an identification code which is associated with the serial number and which is capable of uniquely identifying the music apparatus, and writing the generated identification code into the specified address of the nonvolatile memory such that the written identification code is never rewritten inappropriately. 
   Preferably, the step of applying a specific operation uses unique information which is associated to the music apparatus in addition to the serial number so as to generate the identification code such that the generated identification code must be different from another identification code of another music apparatus even if the same serial number is inadvertently used in either of the music apparatus or said another music apparatus. 
   Preferably, the inventive method further comprises the steps of checking whether or not the same serial number is already registered when the user accesses to a management site of the music apparatus for registering the serial number and the identification code to a database of the management site, registering the serial number along with the identification code to the database when the same serial number has not been registered in the database, and performing an exceptional process when the same serial number is already registered to the database. 
   To achieve the second object, an inventive method is designed for managing a license of music data which is previously stored in a musical apparatus and which can be used by the music apparatus. The inventive method comprises the steps of limiting use of the stored music data when the musical apparatus does not possess an access key corresponding to the music data in a specified area of a nonvolatile memory, transmitting a serial number of the music data along with identification information of the musical apparatus to a management site of the music data via a network, the serial number being obtained by acquiring a license of the music data, checking a database of the management site to confirm a validity of the transmitted serial number and the identification information, thereby issuing an access key corresponding to the serial number and the identification information, and memorizing the serial number and the issued access key in the specified area of the nonvolatile memory so that the musical apparatus is allowed to use the stored music data. 
   Preferably, the managing site generates the access key by performing a specific operation using the transmitted serial number and the identification information. The musical apparatus retrieves the identification information which is previously stored in the music apparatus, performs the specific operation using the retrieved identification information and the serial number stored in the specified area of the nonvolatile memory to generate an access key, and permits the use of the stored music data only when the generated access key matches the issued access key stored in the specified area of the nonvolatile memory. 
   Preferably, the stored music data is collection of various items of effect data which can be used by the music apparatus to impart various effects to music sounds, and each item of the effect data can be made useable by obtaining the access key corresponding to each item. 
   Preferably, the stored music data includes at least one of timbre data, sound source algorithm, song data, rhythm data, and accompaniment data, and wherein each of these data can be made useable by obtaining the access key corresponding to each of these data. 
   According to the first aspect of the present invention, even if a user inadvertently enters an incorrect apparatus serial number for user registration, an apparatus ID can be generated from the entered apparatus serial number. The apparatus ID can be used as it is to identify each user. This eliminates the need for a complicated procedure to rewrite the apparatus serial number and the apparatus ID stored in the user&#39;s apparatus even if the entered apparatus serial number is incorrect. The apparatus can be continuously used with the incorrectly entered apparatus serial number. Even if the same apparatus serial number is stored for a plurality of musical apparatuses, their operations are not affected. If a user intentionally enters the same apparatus serial number for a plurality of apparatuses, a management site can detect that the same apparatus serial number is registered. The management site can issue an inquiry to the user to confirm the correct apparatus serial number. 
   According to the second aspect of the present invention, music data is prestored in the musical apparatus in a nonvolatile manner. Some of the music data are initially made available to users and the others can be protected against the use by the copyright management feature. Even if the full music data is recorded inside, the musical apparatus can be supplied at a price reduced by copyright royalties of the protected music data. The protected music data can be later unprotected when a user pays a proper fee. Accordingly, the music data can be sold partially. An operation to remove the protection is easy for users. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       FIG. 1  shows a configuration of an overall system according to the present invention. 
       FIG. 2  is a block diagram showing a flow of signals in the mixer according to the embodiment. 
       FIGS. 3(   a ) and  3 ( b ) show a data structure in the flash memory. 
       FIG. 4  shows an effect selection screen. 
       FIGS. 5(   a ),  5 ( b ) and  5 ( c ) show display screens for a check process during power-on sequence. 
       FIGS. 6(   a ) and  6 ( b ) show screens for registering an additional effect. 
       FIGS. 7(   a ) and  7 ( b ) show flowcharts of a check process when turning on the mixer and a process when selecting the serial number input button. 
       FIGS. 8(   a ) and  8 ( b ) show flowcharts of a sign-up process for additional effects and a process at the management site. 
       FIG. 9  is shows a flowchart of a process performed when an access key is entered to the mixer. 
       FIG. 10  shows a structure of the management database. 
   

   DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
   Embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. 
     FIG. 1  shows a configuration of an overall system according to the present invention. A digital mixer  101  is supplied with various musical sounds, mixes them, and, if needed, provides them with various effects for output. A personal computer (PC)  102  is a general-purpose computer that is connected to the digital mixer  101  via a communication path  121 . When a specified program is installed and executed, the PC  102  can provide various functions for music creation such as a hard disk recording function, a mixing function, a control function for MIDI devices, and a sequencer function for automatic performance and accompaniment. Here, it is assumed that the PC  102  is already installed with a program to control the digital mixer  101 . The PC  102  has a function to connect to the Internet  103  and can further connect to a specified management site  104  via the Internet  103 . 
   The digital mixer  101  comprises a central processing unit (CPU)  111 , flash memory  112 , RAM (random access memory)  113 , a miscellaneous input/output interface (I/O)  114 , a display unit  115 , an electric fader  116 , an operation device  117 , a waveform I/O  118 , a digital signal processing section (DSP)  119 , and a system bus  120 . 
   The CPU  111  is a processor to control overall operations of the mixer. The flash memory  112  is nonvolatile memory that stores various programs executed by the CPU  11  and various data used by the CPU  111 . The flash memory  112  is only permitted to be accessed with an appropriate procedure via an appropriate program so as to prevent a user from illegally reading or writing data. The RAM  113  is volatile memory used as a load area or a work area for programs executed by the CPU  111 . The miscellaneous I/O  114  is an interface for connection with various external devices and especially includes interfaces such as serial I/O, USB, and IEEE1394 for connection with the PC  102 . The display unit  115  is provided on an external panel of the mixer  101  and displays various information. The electric fader  116  is an operation device that is provided on the external panel and is used for setting various parameter values such as input or output level values. Various operation devices  117  are provided on the external panel and are manipulated by users. The waveform I/O  118  is an interface to exchange musical sound waveform signals with external devices. The DSP  119  operates on parameters supplied from the CPU  111 . The DSP  119  is supplied with a musical sound waveform signal via the waveform I/O  118 , mixes the signal, provides it with an effect, and controls its volume level. The DSP  119  outputs the processed musical sound waveform signal via the waveform I/O  118 . 
     FIG. 2  is a block diagram showing a flow of signals in the mixer  101  according to the embodiment. An A input  201  denotes analog input such as a microphone signal or a line signal. The analog input  201  is converted into a digital signal and is input to an input patch  204 . A D input  202  denotes digital signal input. A system EF (effect)  203  is supplied with any output signal from a succeeding output patch  209 , provides an effect to the signal, and supplies it to the input patch  204 . The input patch  204  provides optional line connection from these input systems to input channels (48 channels)  205 . A user can optionally select the line connection with reference to contents of a specified screen. Any channel signal from the input channels  205  can be selectively output to 24 MIX buses  207 . An insertion EF  206  is an effect that can be inserted in the middle of the input channel. The input channel itself contains process functions such as a compressor and equalizer. An effect process by means of the insertion EF  206  can be inserted between these functions or between the equalizer and a succeeding electric fader. 
   The MIX buses  207  mix signals supplied from the input channel  205 . A signal level from each input channel can be adjusted by using, e.g., the electric fader  116  assigned to each channel. A mixed signal is output to a corresponding MIX output channel  208 . Output from the MIX output channel  208  is output to an output patch  209 . The output patch  209  provides line connection from each output channel as input to any of output systems (A output, D output, system EF). An A output  210  is analog signal output, i.e., an analog signal converted from a digital signal output from the output patch  209 . A D output  211  is digital signal output. 
   The DSP  110  mainly processes signals for the digital mixer. A system EF  203  and the insertion EF  206  are prestored in a built-in EF  220  in the flash memory  112 . A user can optionally select and allocate these effects. Effect data selected from the built-in EF  220  is sent to the DSP  119 . The DSP  119  operates based on the effect data to realize the system EF  203  or the insertion EF  206 . The DSP  119  is provided with a limited number of resources. There is predetermined the total number of effects available as the system EF  203  and the insertion EF  206 . The built-in EF  220  is allocated to the system EF  203  and the insertion EF  206  within the range of the total number of effects. The built-in EF  220  is available as not only basic effects prestored before shipment from the factory, but also an additional effect. A user can purchase additional effects and make them usable later. 
     FIG. 3(   a ) shows a structure of management data stored at specified addresses in the flash memory  112 . A model code  301  specifies a model of the apparatus (mixer). An apparatus serial number  302  corresponds to an equivalent described on a nameplate attached to the mixer body. The apparatus serial number may include symbols. An apparatus ID  303  specifies the apparatus. Unlike the serial number  302 , the apparatus ID  303  cannot be analogized easily. The apparatus serial number  302  is associated with the apparatus ID  303 . These types of information can be used for license management and security stabilization. When a user is registered or a new license is added, it is possible to confirm consistency between the apparatus serial number  302  and the apparatus ID  303 . This makes it possible to determine whether or not these data are correct. 
   If needed, a specified storage area in the flash memory  112  stores the model code  301 , the serial number  302 , and the apparatus ID  303  associated with the serial number  302  before shipment from the manufacturer. However, a user may want to store these pieces of information in an apparatus that was shipped without storing such information. The mixer according to the embodiment has a feature to enable the following. When turned on, the mixer checks whether or not the apparatus ID is stored. If needed, the mixer generates and stores an apparatus ID associated with the apparatus serial number. Therefore, after the apparatus is shipped without storing the apparatus serial number  302  and the apparatus ID  303 , a user who purchased the apparatus can manually enter or generate and store such information. There is provided an advantage of omitting a process of writing the apparatus serial number  302  or the apparatus ID  303  before shipment from the manufacturer. 
   The above-mentioned feature can be placed in the firmware for upgrading an apparatus that was shipped without storing the above-mentioned information because of an initial version of the apparatus. After the apparatus is upgraded using the firmware, and then is turned on for the first time, for example, the information can be supplied or generated and stored. In this manner, an earlier version of apparatus having no apparatus ID can be supplied with an apparatus ID associated with the apparatus serial number like the latest version of apparatus. Accordingly, providing the apparatus ID makes available a function whose usage requires the apparatus ID. For example, such function is added to a new version and its installation or usage verifies the apparatus ID. 
   An upgrade program is supplied as software for the PC  102 . As shown in  FIG. 1 , the PC  102  is connected to the mixer  101  via the communication path  121  such as USB. The upgrade program is executed on the PC  102  to upgrade the firmware stored in the flash memory  112  in the mixer  101 . Before the upgrade, the flash memory  112  may store a version of firmware that does not store an apparatus ID. That is to say, in such case, the management data storage area according to the format in  FIG. 3(   a ) is not allocated to specified addresses in the flash memory  112 . A solution is to write initial values for the management data in  FIG. 3(   a ) to specified addresses in the flash memory  112 . Except the model code  301  and the data type  304 , the other columns are filled with initial values such as NULL. On the other hand, before the upgrade, the flash memory  112  may store a version of firmware that stores an apparatus ID. That is to say, in such case, the management data storage area according to the format in  FIG. 3(   a ) is allocated to specified addresses in the flash memory  112 . The management data area is not rewritten because it may or may not already store a meaningful apparatus ID corresponding to the specified address. 
   In  FIG. 3(   a ), a data type  304 , a data serial  305 , an access key  306 , and miscellaneous data  307  constitute set data corresponding to one package of additional effects to be described. Set data  322  corresponds to a package  312  of additional effects. Set data  323  corresponds to a package  313  of additional effects. The data type  304  indicates a package type of additional effects. The data serial  305  is a data serial number supplied to a user when he or she purchases the license of the package. For example, the serial number is described on a specified certificate. The data serial  305  is sent to the management site  104  via the Internet. The management site  104  checks the data serial  305  and sends the access key  306 . The access key  306  is key data associated with the data serial  305 . The miscellaneous data  307  contains, e.g., information indicating whether or not the access key  306  is valid. 
     FIG. 3(   b ) shows a configuration of effect data stored in the flash memory  112 . The reference numeral  311  represents a plurality of basic effects available from the time when the mixer is purchased. The reference numerals  312  and  313  represent packages of additional effects the user can optionally purchase later. One package is configured to contain six additional effects. For example, the package  312  contains additional effects A 1  through A 6 . The reference numeral  314  represents an area to store user-edited effect data. The user can call an available basic effect or additional effect, and freely edit and write it to a specified location of the user area  314  for later use. Several algorithms  315  are appropriately combined to use basic effects, additional effects, and user-edited effect data comprising edited versions of the basic effects and the additional effects. The algorithms are also stored as effect data. Each one of the basic effects, the additional effects, and the user-created effects is available as the built-in EF  220  as shown in  FIG. 2 . As will be discussed below, an additional effect is available only when an effective access key is stored. 
   All the basic effect  311 , the additional effects  312 ,  313 , and so on, and the algorithm  315  are written to the flash memory  112  as shown in  FIG. 3(   b ) before shipment of the apparatus or at an initial state after upgrading to the latest firmware. The user area  314  is unused. Initially, nothing is written to the data serial  305 , the access key  306 , and the miscellaneous data  307  for the set data  322 ,  323 , and so on corresponding to the packages  312 ,  313 , and so on of additional effects. However, data is initially written to the data type  304 . This signifies that no permission is given to use the packages of additional effects corresponding to the set data  322 ,  323 , and so on. Therefore, the additional effects  312 ,  313 , and so on cannot be used at the initial state. 
   To use the package  312  of additional effects, for example, the user purchases the license of the package. By purchasing the license, the user can obtain a data serial number (data serial) for the package of additional effects. To do this, for example, it may be preferable to be able to obtain a printed certificate by purchasing the package. The data serial may be described on the certificate. The user sends the data serial to the management site  104  according to a specified procedure (to be described) to acquire an access key. Data of the additional effect  312  becomes available by writing the obtained data serial and the access key to the positions  305  and  306  in the corresponding set data  322  and writing access key validation to the miscellaneous data  307 . 
   This feature can permit an addition function without necessitating the user to do a complicated installation procedure, especially to write an additional effect itself to the flash memory. 
     FIG. 4  shows an effect selection screen. A screen  400  displays “SYSTEM EFFECT1” on its upper right. This signifies that the screen is used to select the system EF  203  in  FIG. 2 . The reference numeral  401  denotes a list of selectable built-in EF  220 , i.e., the basic effect  311 , the additional effects  312 ,  313 , and so on, and the user-created effect as described with reference to  FIG. 3(   b ). The screen shows only additional effects that become available by obtaining the access key. The user can select any of effects displayed in the list  401  and use it as the system EF  203  in  FIG. 2 . The same applies to the insertion EF  206 . 
     FIG. 5  shows display screens for a check process during power-on sequence and the like.  FIG. 6  shows screens for registering an additional effect. These screens will be described in more detail along with the description of processes with reference to flowcharts to be described. 
     FIG. 7(   a ) shows a check process when the mixer  101  is turned on. At step  701 , the process checks an apparatus ID at the specified address ( 303  in  FIG. 3(   a )) in the flash memory  112 . If the apparatus ID  303  is available, the process proceeds to step  704  to enable the apparatus ID to be displayed.  FIG. 5(   a ) shows a screen displayed at step  704  on the display unit  115  of the mixer  101 . Since the mixer  101  stores an apparatus ID that identifies the apparatus, the screen displays the apparatus ID as well as a general version of the mixer&#39;s firmware. 
   If the apparatus ID  303  is unavailable (empty) at step  702 , the process enables display of a serial number input button at step  703 .  FIG. 5(   b ) shows a screen displayed at step  703  on the display unit  115  of the mixer  101 . The screen shows the serial number input button as well as a message prompting the user to enter an apparatus serial number. Selecting the serial number input button on this screen starts the process in  FIG. 7(   b ). Selecting a cancel button makes the apparatus usable without the apparatus ID. In this case, the screen in  FIG. 5(   b ) is redisplayed at the next power-on sequence. 
     FIG. 7(   b ) shows a process when the serial number input button is selected on the screen in  FIG. 5(   b ) displayed at step  703 . At step  711 , the process displays a screen for entering the apparatus serial number.  FIG. 5(   c ) shows a screen displayed at step  711  on the display unit  115  of the mixer  101 . The screen displays the OK button and the cancel button along with an input area for entering the apparatus serial number. 
   At steps  712  through  714 , a user enters the apparatus serial number and selects the OK button. The apparatus serial number is described on a nameplate and the like attached to the apparatus. The process then verifies validity of the entered apparatus serial number at step  715 . This process confirms whether a checksum is calculated for the apparatus serial number or whether the apparatus serial number is included in a range corresponding to the apparatus model. If the apparatus serial number is verified to be valid, the process proceeds to step  717  from step  716  and generates an apparatus ID from the entered apparatus serial number. This process supplies the apparatus serial number with specific information such as a Large Scale Integrated Circuit Identification Number (LSI ID) of this apparatus and a random number, and encrypts the information to generate an apparatus ID. The apparatus ID contains the above-mentioned specific information. The apparatus serial number corresponds to the apparatus ID generated from the apparatus serial number. The process is configured to be capable of checking the correspondence and confirming validity of the apparatus serial number and the apparatus ID. Of course, its method is not open to the user. At step  718 , the process writes the entered apparatus serial number and the generated apparatus ID to the specified addresses (areas  302  and  303  in  FIG. 3(   a )) of the flash memory  112 . At step  719 , the process disables the display of the serial number input button, enables the display of the apparatus ID, and then terminates. 
   After the apparatus ID is determined, the PC  102  connects to the management site  104  via the Internet  103 . The PC  102  transmits the apparatus serial number, the apparatus ID, and a mail address to the management site  104 . The user is requested to enter the mail address. These pieces of information are registered to a management database of the management site  104 . This completes the user registration of the mixer  101 . The user registration may use not only the Internet  103 , but also the other means such as postal delivery and fax. 
   Selecting the cancel button on the screen in  FIG. 5(   c ) terminates the process from step  714 . If the validity is not confirmed at step  715 , the process proceeds to step  720  from step  716 . The process displays an alarm message such as “Enter a correct serial number”, and then terminates. 
     FIG. 8(   a ) shows a sign-up process for a user who purchased the package (license) of additional effects. The sign-up program runs on the PC  102 . More specifically, the user can start the sign-up program by selecting it from a menu of the program that is installed in the PC  102  and controls the mixer  101 . 
   At step  801 , the process checks whether or not the mixer  101  is connected to the PC  102  via the communication path  121 . If the mixer  101  is connected, the process proceeds to step  803  from step  802  and displays a sign-up program screen on the display of the PC  102 .  FIG. 6(   a ) shows a sign-up program screen. The screen contains fields for the model, the apparatus serial number, and the apparatus ID. These fields display data read from the management data in  FIG. 3(   a ) via the communication path  121 . Fields for the serial and the mail address are empty. Here, it is assumed that the user obtains the data serial number by purchasing the package of additional effects. At steps  805  through  807 , the user enters the data serial number and his or her mail address, and then selects the Send button. The process proceeds to step  808 . The process confirms whether or not the user is sure to transmit the data, and then transmits the data to the management site  104  via the Internet  103 . The transmission data comprises the management data (model, apparatus serial number, and apparatus ID) displayed in  FIG. 6(   a ) as well as the data serial number and the mail address the user entered. 
   If the mixer  101  is not connected, the process displays an alarm at step  804 , and then terminates. When the cancel button is selected during input of the data serial number and the mail address, the process terminates after step  807 . 
     FIG. 8(   b ) shows a process at the management site that receives the information transmitted at step  808 . At step  821 , the process checks validity of the model, the apparatus serial number, and the apparatus ID that have been transmitted. More specifically, the process checks if the model data is correct or if the apparatus serial number corresponds to the apparatus ID. If the validity is confirmed, the process proceeds to step  823  from step  822  and confirms the user. More specifically, the process checks whether or not the user&#39;s apparatus serial number is already registered to the management database. When the user&#39;s apparatus serial number is registered to the management database, the process checks whether or not the transmitted mail address matches the registered one. When the user is authenticated, the process checks the transmitted data serial number at step  826 . More specifically, the process confirms whether or not the checksum is valid, the data serial number conforms to the apparatus model, the same data serial number is registered to the management database, and the like. If the data serial number is valid, the process registers the transmitted data serial number to a field for the corresponding user in the management database at step  829 . Further, at step  830 , the process generates an access key based on the user&#39;s apparatus ID and the data serial number, and then registers the access key to a field for the corresponding user in the management database. At step  831 , the process generates mail including the access key and transmits the mail to the user. As described with reference to the management data in  FIG. 3(   a ), the access key provides key information to enable the use of additional effects corresponding to the access key. 
   If the validity check fails at steps  821  and  823 , the process proceeds to step  825  from steps  822  and  824 . A responsible person creates mail and sends it to the user for inquiry. If the data serial number is found to be incorrect at step  826 , the process proceeds to step  828  from step  827  and sends mail to the user to notify that the serial number is incorrect. 
     FIG. 9  shows a process performed when the user receives mail (transmitted at step  831 ) including the access key and enters this access key to the mixer  101 . The program also runs on the PC  102 . The user can start the program by selecting it from a menu of the program that controls the mixer  101 . 
   At step  901 , the process obtains the apparatus ID and the data serial number. The apparatus ID is obtained from the mixer  101  via the communication path  121 . The data serial number is read and obtained from a storage device of the PC  102 . The data serial number is entered by the user from the screen in  FIG. 6(   a ) at step  805  and is stored in the storage device of the PC  102 . If the apparatus ID and the data serial number cannot be obtained, the process proceeds to step  903  from step  902 , displays an alarm message, and then terminates. If the apparatus ID and the data serial number are obtained, the process proceeds to step  904  and displays a key input screen.  FIG. 6(   b ) displays the key input screen. The screen displays the model, the apparatus serial number, and the apparatus ID, i.e., the data read from the mixer  101  via the communication path  121 . The displayed data serial number corresponds to the data obtained at step  901 . A key input field is empty for the user to enter the access key received by the mail. 
   At steps  905  and  906 , the user enters the access key and selects the OK button. At step  907 , the process checks the entered access key based on the apparatus ID and the data serial number. More specifically, the process finds an access key in the same manner as generating the access key at step  830  on the management site  104 , and then checks if the access key matches the entered access key. If the check succeeds, the process proceeds to step  909  from step  908 . The process writes the data serial number and the access key to the corresponding fields ( 305  and  306 ) in the management data for the mixer  101  via the communication path  121 . The process prepares information indicating the access key is effective, writes the information in the miscellaneous data  307 , and then terminates. If the access key check fails, the process proceeds to step  910 , displays an alarm, and then terminates. 
     FIG. 10  shows a structure of the management database that is provided for the management site  104  and is used for user registration and license management of additional effects for each user. A normal serial  1001  is a field to store a normal apparatus serial number. An input serial  1002  is a field to store the user-entered apparatus serial number. An apparatus ID  1003  is a field to store the user&#39;s apparatus ID. An E-mail AD  1004  is a field to store the user&#39;s mail address. As shown in  FIG. 7 , the mixer  101  generates and stores the apparatus ID. Thereafter, the user&#39;s apparatus serial number, apparatus ID, and mail address are transmitted to the management site  104  via the Internet or the postal delivery. The management site  104  stores these pieces of data in such fields as the input serial  1002 , the apparatus ID  1003 , and the E-mail AD  1004  for user registration. The corresponding normal serial  1001  remains empty. 
   Here, let us assume that the user enters an incorrect apparatus serial number on the screen in  FIG. 5(   c ). An apparatus ID may be generated from the incorrect apparatus serial number. These pieces of data may be transmitted to the management site  104 . In such case, the management site  104  checks whether or not the apparatus serial number is already registered to the management database. If not registered, the management site  104  registers the apparatus serial number. Consequently, the incorrect apparatus serial number and the like are registered. Since the apparatus serial number corresponds to the apparatus ID, no problem occurs during the consistency check. However, another user may register the same apparatus serial number later. In this case, the management site  104  detects that the apparatus serial number is already registered to the management database, and then performs an exceptional process. An example of the exceptional process is notification to an operator at the management site  104 . As an exceptional process, an inquiry is issued to the user by means of electronic mail, for example. The user is requested to fax a copy of the nameplate or the certificate where the apparatus serial number is described. When it is confirmed that the user has the normal apparatus serial number, the previously registered user is assumed to have entered an incorrect apparatus serial number. In this case, this user is requested to inform the correct apparatus serial number that is then stored as the user&#39;s normal serial  1001 . The management site  104  stores the normal apparatus serial number and the apparatus ID supplied by the subsequent user in the input serial  1002  and the apparatus ID  1003  for the user. Though a plurality of users have the same input serial  1002 , the apparatus ID is generated including the specific information such as the apparatus&#39;s LSI ID and the random number. Even if the same apparatus serial number is registered for a plurality of users, it is ensured to generate different apparatus IDs. Accordingly, users can be distinguished from each other as long as the apparatus IDs are used for identification. If the input serial  1002  contains the incorrect apparatus serial number entered by the user, the normal serial  1001  stores the normal apparatus serial number. It may be preferable to use data in the input serial  1002  and the apparatus ID  1003  during an ordinary check process. When the normal apparatus serial number is required, it just needs to use data in the normal serial  1001 . In the above-mentioned case, the previously registered user enters an incorrect apparatus serial number. The same applies to a case where the previous user specifies the correct apparatus serial number and the subsequent user specifies an incorrect one. 
   This system is adopted for the following reason. An apparatus ID is generated from the apparatus serial number the user entered from the screen in  FIG. 5(   c ). The generated apparatus ID is written to the management data for the mixer  101 . Once written to the management data, the apparatus ID cannot be rewritten easily even if it is generated from an incorrect apparatus serial number. 
   An EFA information field  1005  stores license information about a package of additional effect  312  (A 1  through A 6 ) in  FIG. 3(   b ). An EFB information field  1006  stores license information about the additional effect  313  (B 1  through B 6 ). Each field is represented as having one column in the drawing. Actually, however, the fields each have columns for storing the normal data serial, the input data serial, and the access key. When an access key is obtained for the data serial of the additional effect  312 , for example, the process stores the data serial and the access key thus obtained in the columns for storing the input data serial and the access key in the EFA information  1005  (step  909 ). 
   If the user enters an incorrect data serial, a checksum error mostly occurs at step  826  in  FIG. 8(   b ). At step  828 , the user is notified that the data serial is incorrect. The user is then requested to retry the sign-up procedure using the correct data serial. Even if an incorrect data serial is entered, no checksum error may occur accidentally. Alternatively, the data serial may simply comprise sequence numbers without the checksum. In these cases, when the same data serial is already registered in the management database, the process still detects at step  828  that the same data serial is already registered. Consequently, a data serial error is reported to the user by means of electronic mail. When the same data serial is detected during the registration, it is considered that the previous or subsequent registered user inadvertently or intentionally entered an incorrect data serial. In the same manner as the case of the apparatus serial number, the user is requested to fax a copy of the certificate where the data serial is described, for example. This makes it possible to identify a user who entered the incorrect data serial. In addition, the normal data serial can be obtained. When the management database already registers the incorrectly entered data serial and the access key generated therefrom, the obtained normal data serial just needs to be stored in the column for the normal data serial. The user&#39;s data serial and access key need not be changed. Even if the user cannot prove the correct data serial, it is possible to identify the apparatus serial number or the apparatus ID of the user. Various countermeasures are available. 
   It is convenient for the check process to embed the model information in the apparatus ID. Only the apparatus ID can be used to identify the model. While the above-mentioned example manages availability or unavailability in units of packages, individual additional effects may be managed. While a responsible person uses electronic mail to notify the user of an alarm message or an access key, it may be preferable to use a telephone or a fax for communication. 
   While the embodiment has described the example of managing availability or unavailability of additional effects, the embodiment is also applicable to the other music data. For example, the embodiment can be applied to timbre data, sound source algorithm, song data, rhythm data, accompaniment data, and the like. The additional effect according to the embodiment may comprise only parameters or an algorithm and parameters. 
   The above-mentioned embodiment has explained the apparatus&#39;s LSI ID and the random number as examples of the specific information to be used to generate an apparatus ID from the apparatus serial number. Further, the other information may be used if it is actually ensured that different apparatus IDs are generated from the same apparatus serial number. For example, it may be preferable to use the date and time information when the apparatus ID is generated. According to the embodiment, the access key is generated from the data serial and the apparatus ID. Moreover, the apparatus serial number may be used instead of the apparatus ID. The data type may be used in addition. 
   The embodiment has described the example of applying the present invention concerning the effect data recorded in the built-in nonvolatile memory before shipment. Further, the present invention may be applied concerning any music data later added to the nonvolatile memory.