Abstract:
An oil filter that includes an additive vessel to introduce additive material into oil flowing through the filter. The additive material includes an over-based detergent and optionally one or more of: a weak base additive, an anti-oxidant additive, an anti-wear additive, a friction modifier additive, a dispersant additive, an anti-foam additive, a nano-additive, a corrosion inhibitor additive, a pour point depressant additive and a surfactant additive.

Description:
FIELD 
       [0001]    An oil filter containing a continuous release additive vessel that releases an additive into the oil to extend oil drain intervals. 
       BACKGROUND 
       [0002]    Current lubricating oils do not meet the engine manufacturer&#39;s desired oil drain intervals because of limits in ash content placed upon the latest oil category. The inability of the oil to remain useful for extended service intervals is due to multiple changes in both the oil and the engine over the past few years. For example, many modern diesel engines are now equipped with exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) systems and diesel particulate filters (DPF), have reduced oil sump volumes, use lower viscosity oils, and use ultra low sulfur diesel (ULSD) and alternative fuels or coolants (including non-aqueous), all of which change the operating conditions of the engine and the rate of oil degradation. 
         [0003]    The latest oil category, CJ-4, CI-4, limits the ash and sulfur content of new oil to 1.0% and 1.5%, respectively, which in turn limits the amount of high performance anti-wear additives (for example zinc dialkyldithiophosphates (ZDDP)) and over-based detergents (for example magnesium or calcium sulfonate or salicylate) because of the metal present in the chemical composition. It is expected that these limits will continue to decrease or at least remain the same as future oil categories are launched, continuing to limit the oil manufacturer&#39;s abilities to extend the oil&#39;s useful life. 
         [0004]    The need for additional additives is driven by the reactions occurring in the crankcase of a diesel engine. The primary limiting factor of oil life that is most commonly seen is the inability for the total base number (TBN) to remain above the condemning limit of 2.5 mgKOH/g or alternatively at a level higher than that of the total acid number (TAN). This can be due to a variety of chemical reactions that occur in the crankcase including oxidation of the oil from high temperature and pressure environments, and the formation of both strong and weak acids in the oil from fuel blow-by (including biodiesel), coolant leaks, moisture and other contamination, sludge or soot formation and a variety of other mechanism. 
         [0005]    Weak acids (such as acetic acid, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, carboxylic acids, etc.) are formed due to the blow-by of combustion products of biodiesel based fuels. These acids are best neutralized by weak bases (such as metal oxide or methyl amine). Strong acids are also formed and are best neutralized by strong base material in the oil thus depleting the initial TBN value. 
         [0006]    Other reasons preventing the oil from reaching the desired drain intervals include thickening or thinning of the oil viscosity (e.g. maximum excursion equals±one grade), the inability to disperse soot and particulates in the oil, and excessive nitration. With the past oil category, CI-4, ash content of up to 1.5% was acceptable with no limit on the sulfur content. This allowed an additive to include higher levels of over-based detergent and other additives and reach longer service intervals. Because additives are depleted continuously over time in the oil in part due to acid neutralization and by reacting with peroxides (a product of oxidation) generated in the engine oil, an improved technique of continually metering additives into the oil to extend the oil&#39;s useful life would be useful. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0007]    An engine oil filter is described that will continually release highly concentrated additives into the engine oil to reduce maintenance costs by reducing oil usage through extended oil drain intervals. The additives may include, but are not limited to, overbased detergents, weak base materials, anti-oxidants, anti-wear additives, friction modifiers, dispersants, viscosity modifiers, anti-foam additives, nano additives, or other additives beneficial to engine oil, individually or in various combinations. 
         [0008]    In one embodiment, the oil filter includes a housing defining an interior chamber and having a first end and a second end, an oil inlet and an oil outlet at the first end of the housing, and oil flow pathway between the inlet and the outlet for oil flowing through the interior chamber. Filter media is disposed within the interior chamber in the oil flow pathway between the inlet and the outlet, and the filter media is configured to filter oil flowing through the interior chamber. An additive vessel is disposed in the interior chamber and is configured to introduce additive material contained therein into oil flowing through the interior chamber. 
         [0009]    In one embodiment, the additive material includes an over-based detergent and optionally one or more of: a weak base additive, an anti-oxidant additive, an anti-wear additive, a friction modifier additive, a dispersant additive, an anti-foam additive, a nano-additive, a corrosion inhibitor additive, a pour point depressant additive and a surfactant additive. For example, in one example, the additive material comprises the over-based detergent for example in an amount ranging from about 10% to about 90% by weight of the additive material, a friction modifier additive for example in an amount ranging from about 0.2% to about 3% by weight, an anti-oxidant additive for example in an amount ranging from about 0.5% to about 3% by weight, an anti-wear additive for example in an amount ranging from about 1.0% to about 5% by weight, and an inert solvent for example in an amount ranging from about 0 to about 88.3% by weight. 
         [0010]    Other additives and additive amounts can be used depending upon factors including, but not limited to, the type of oil, the oil category, the properties of the oil that one wants to improve, and the effectiveness of the additive(s). The additives can be used singly by themselves or in a multi-component mixture at any desired ratio. The additives may be combined with an inert solvent, such as base oil, for viscosity adjustment. 
         [0011]    In one embodiment, the oil filter includes a full flow pleated filter media, a by-pass media, a venturi nozzle, and the additive vessel which continuously releases an oil additive into the oil flowing through the oil filter. However, other combinations of elements are contemplated including, but not limited to: a) an oil filter containing the full flow pleated media, a venturi, and the additive vessel; b) by-pass media and the additive vessel; and c) a full flow pleated filter media, a by-pass media, and the additive vessel. 
     
    
     
       DRAWINGS 
         [0012]      FIG. 1  illustrates an example of an oil filter with an additive vessel as described herein. 
           [0013]      FIG. 2  illustrates the operation of the additive vessel of the oil filter in  FIG. 1 . 
           [0014]      FIG. 3  is a cross-sectional view of another example of an oil filter with an additive vessel. 
       
    
    
     DESCRIPTION 
       [0015]    With reference to  FIG. 1 , a lubricating oil filter  10  is depicted that incorporates the concepts described herein. The filter  10  is a spin-on oil filter that includes a housing  12  having an open first end and a dome-shaped, closed second end defining an interior chamber  14  along with a nut plate  16  that is secured to an open first end of the housing  12 . A filter element  18 , for example a fibrous, pleated, full flow filter media, is disposed within the chamber  14  for filtering contaminants from the oil. The filter element  18  includes a hollow interior, a lower endplate  20 , and an upper endplate  22 . The two endplates are sealed across their corresponding filter element ends in order to prevent fluid flow out through the ends of the filter element  18 . 
         [0016]    Next to the filter element  18  is a by-pass filter media section  24 . The by-pass filter media  24  can comprise, for example, an assembly of stacked, ring-shaped discs made of, for example, cellulose material. The by-pass filter media  24  is configured to filter the oil as the oil flows through the by-pass media toward a central oil passageway  26  thereof. The by-pass filter media  24  abuts up against the lower endplate  20  and includes an enclosing base endplate  28 . The filter  10  may include any ratio of full flow filter media  18  to by-pass filter media  24 . 
         [0017]    The filter element  18  includes an inner sleeve  30  that supports the interior surface of the filter media and defines an interior space  32 . The lower endplate  20  is open at its center and is formed with a short, cylindrical conduit  34  that extends upwardly into the interior space  32 . A tube  36  fits around the conduit  34  and provides fluid flow communication from the central oil passageway  26  of the by-pass filter media  24  into a venturi nozzle  38  disposed within the interior space  32 . 
         [0018]    The upper endplate  22  is formed with an inner annular lip  40  which provides an anchor for an inner seal  42 . The venturi nozzle  38  includes an outwardly flared end that fits around the inner annular lip. When the filter  10  is mounted during use, an inside annular surface of the inner seal  42  fits up against a stem of a filter head as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,906,736. The nut plate  16 , which may be stamped, molded, or machined, is internally threaded and is assembled to an externally-threaded portion of the filter head. 
         [0019]    The housing  12  is metal and has a substantially cylindrical sidewall which includes a formed upper lip which is shaped with an inverted receiving channel. Tightly and securely anchored into the channel is an annular upper, outer lip of the nut plate  16 . 
         [0020]    The nut plate  16  is provided with at least one oil inlet opening  48  to allow oil to be filtered to enter the filter. The nut plate  16  also defines a central, threaded outlet opening  50  by which the filter is threaded onto a corresponding threaded mounting post on the filter head and through which oil exits the filter. Further details on the general construction and operation of this type of filter can be found in U.S. Pat. No. 5,906,736 which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 
         [0021]    An additive vessel  60  is disposed within the chamber  14  next to the by-pass filter media  24  between the by-pass filter media and the second end of the housing  12 . The additive vessel  60  contains one or more additive materials and is configured to continuously release the additive into the oil at a controlled rate. 
         [0022]    A coil spring  62  within the housing  12  pushes directly or indirectly against the bottom of the additive vessel  60  which forces the additive vessel  60  into engagement with the endplate  28 . 
         [0023]    The additive(s) released into the oil are intended to improve oil quality in some manner including, but not limited to, replenishing reserve alkalinity (RA), reducing oxidation and wear, stabilizing oil viscosity, and/or neutralizing acids in the oil. One example by which an additive may improve an oil&#39;s useful life is illustrated through the reaction of a sulfonate and carboxylate acid to create a neutral salt and water as shown below, thus preventing the TAN of the oil from increasing. 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0024]    The additive may include, but is not limited to, any of the following additives which may be combined with a base oil or solvent for viscosity adjustment: 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Additive 
                 Benefit 
                 Example Chemical Structure 
                 min % 
                 max % 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Potential Oil Additives - Example A 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Over-Based 
                 Boost Base Number 
                 Metal Sulfonates (Such as Mg, Ca, Na, Li, K, Zn, Ba, etc) 
                 0 
                 100 
               
               
                 Detergent 
                 Neutralizes Acids 
                 Phenols 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Metal Salicylates (such as Ca, Mg, Li, Zn, K, Ba, etc) 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Metal Olenates (Such as Mg, Ca, Na, Li, K, Zn, Ba, etc) 
               
               
                 Weak Base 
                 Neutralizes weak acids 
                 Metal oxides (such as MgO, CaO, ZnO, etc) 
                 0 
                 100 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Methyl Amine 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Calcium or Magnesium Carbonate 
               
               
                 Anti-Oxidant 
                 Reduces the rate of 
                 Zinc Dithiophosphates (ZDDP) 
                 0 
                 10 
               
               
                   
                 oxidation or thermal 
                 Dialkyl di phenyl amine 
               
               
                   
                 degredation 
                 N-phenyl-a napthylamine 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Molybdenum Dithiocarbamate 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Hindered phenols 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Alkylated di phenol amines 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Aromatic amines 
               
               
                 Anti-Wear/ 
                 Produces a boundary 
                 ZDDP 
                 0 
                 10 
               
               
                 Extreme Pressure 
                 film on metal surfaces 
                 Sulfurized Olefins 
               
               
                 Agents 
                 for protection 
                 borate esters 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Tri-cresyl phosphate (TCP 
               
               
                   
                   
                 sulfurized fats 
               
               
                   
                   
                 sulfides and disulfides 
               
               
                 Friction Modifier 
                 Reduces friction 
                 oleic acid 
                 0 
                 40 
               
               
                   
                 between surfaces and 
                 dioleyl phosphite 
               
               
                   
                 reduces parasitic loses 
                 glycerol dioleate 
               
               
                   
                   
                 molybemun disulphide 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Parafin Waxes &amp; oxidized waxes 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Fatty amines, acids, amides, esters 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Fatty Phosphates 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Nano Friction modifier eg tungstan nano particles 
               
               
                   
                   
                 poly tetrafluoride 
               
               
                 Dispersant/ 
                 Suspends particles in 
                 Succimides 
                 0 
                 10 
               
               
                 Viscosity Modifier 
                 the lubricant and boost 
                 Manniches 
               
               
                   
                 high temperature 
                 Amides 
               
               
                   
                 viscosity 
                 Olefin copolymers 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Polyisobutylsuccinimide (PIBSA) 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Polyvinylimidizole 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Polymethacrylates 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Styrene Butadiene Copolylmer (star Polymer) 
               
               
                 Anti-Foam 
                 Prevents excessive 
                 Polysiloxane 
                 0 
                 5 
               
               
                   
                 foaming in the oil 
                 Poly ethylene glycol 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Poly propylene glycol 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Ethylene-propylene copolymers 
               
               
                 Nano Additives 
                 Improved performance 
                 Over-based nano detergents (calcites, etc) 
                 0 
                 100 
               
               
                   
                 due to increased 
               
               
                   
                 surface area 
               
               
                 Corrosion 
                 Prevents corrosion and 
                 Succinates 
                 0 
                 5 
               
               
                 Inhibitors 
                 protects surfaces 
                 Imidazoline 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Phosphate 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Sulfonate 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Borate esters 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Thiadiazoles 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Calcinates 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Borate esters 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Terephthalic acid 
               
               
                 Pour Point 
                 Lowers the pour point 
                 Polyalkyl Methacrylate 
                 0 
                 10 
               
               
                 Depressants 
                 of the lubricant for cold 
                 Styrene ester 
               
               
                   
                 weather operation 
                 Poly Vinyl acetate-alky fumarate 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Alkylene coupled Naphthalene 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Coupled Alkyphenols 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Poly Ethylene Vinyla acetate 
               
               
                 Surfactants 
                 Disperses water in the 
                 Sodium dodecyl sulfate 
                 0 
                 10 
               
               
                   
                 lubricant 
                 Sodium lauryl sulfate 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Potential Oil Additives - Example B 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Over-Based 
                 Boost base number and 
                 Metal sulfonates 
                 0 
                 100 
               
               
                 Detergent 
                 neutralizes acids 
                 Phenols 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Metal salicylates 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Metal olenates 
               
               
                 Weak Base 
                 Neutralizes weak acids 
                 Metal oxides 
                 0 
                 100 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Methyl amine/primary amine 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Primary, secondary and tertiary amines 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Hindered secondary and tertiary amines 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Calcium or magnesium carbonate 
               
               
                 Anti-Oxidant 
                 Reduces the rate of 
                 Zinc dithiophosphates (ZDDP) 
                 0 
                 10 
               
               
                   
                 oxidation or thermal 
                 Dialkyl di phenyl amine 
               
               
                   
                 degredation 
                 N-phenyl-a napthylamine 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Molybdenum dithiocarbamate 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Hindered phenols 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Alkylated di phenol amines 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Aromatic amines 
               
               
                 Anti-Wear/ 
                 Produces a boundary film 
                 ZDDP 
                 0 
                 10 
               
               
                 Extreme Pressure 
                 on metal surfaces for 
                 Sulfurized Olefins 
               
               
                 Agents 
                 protection 
                 Borate esters 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Tri-cresyl phosphate 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Sulfurized fats 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Sulfides and disulfides 
               
               
                 Friction Modifier 
                 Reduces friction between 
                 Oleic acid 
                 0 
                 40 
               
               
                   
                 surfaces and reduces 
                 Dioleyl phosphite 
               
               
                   
                 parasitic losses 
                 Glycerol dioleate 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Molybdenum disulphide 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Parafin waxes and oxidized waxes 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Fatty amines, acides, amides, esters 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Fatty phosphates 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Nano friction modifier (i.e. tungstan nano particles) 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Poly tetrafluoride 
               
               
                 Dispersant/ 
                 Suspends particles in the 
                 Succimides 
                 0 
                 10 
               
               
                 Viscosity Modifier 
                 lubricant and boost high 
                 Manniches 
               
               
                   
                 temperature viscosity 
                 Amides 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Olefin copolymers 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Polyisobutly succinimide (PIBSA) 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Polyvinylimidizole 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Polymethacrylates 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Styrene butadiene copolymer (Star Polymer) 
               
               
                 Anti-Foam 
                 Prevents excessive foaming 
                 Polysiloxane 
                 0 
                 5 
               
               
                   
                 in the oil 
                 Poly ethylene glycol 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Poly propylene glycol 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Ethylene-propylene copolymers 
               
               
                 Nano Additives 
                 Improved performance due 
                 Over-based nano detergents (calcites, etc) 
                 0 
                 100 
               
               
                   
                 to increased surface area 
               
               
                 Corrosion Inhibitors 
                 prevents corrosion and 
                 Succinates 
                 0 
                 5 
               
               
                   
                 protects surfaces 
                 Imidazoline 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Phosphate 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Sulfonate 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Borate esters 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Thiadiazoles 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Calcinates 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Borate esters 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Terephthalic acid 
               
               
                 Pour Point 
                 Lowers the pour point of 
                 Polyalkyl methacrylate 
                 0 
                 10 
               
               
                 Depressants 
                 the lubricant for cold 
                 Styrene ester 
               
               
                   
                 weather operation 
                 Poly vinyl acetate-alky fumarate 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Alkylene coupled napthalene 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Coupled alkyphenols 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Poly ethylene vinyl acetate 
               
               
                 Surfactants 
                 Disperses water in the 
                 Sodium dodecyl sulfate 
                 0 
                 10 
               
               
                   
                 lubricant 
                 Sodium lauryl sulfate 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0025]    The percentages in Table 1 are by volume or by weight. One or more of the listed additives may be blended with an inert solvent, such as base oil, to reach 100% composition. The listed additives can be used individually as one pure additive or in any combinations to form a multi-component mixture at any ratio. 
         [0026]    One exemplary embodiment of a multi-component additive mixture that is believed to be useful is listed in Table 2 (by volume % or by weight %), which may or may not be mixed with an inert solvent such as a base oil to adjust viscosity. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 2 
               
             
             
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Composition (%) 
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Additive 
                 Minimum 
                 Maximum 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Example A 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Over-based detergent 
                 10 
                 90 
               
               
                   
                 Multi functional 
                 0.2 
                 3 
               
               
                   
                 Anti-Wear &amp; 
               
               
                   
                 Friction Modifier 
               
               
                   
                 Anti-oxidant 
                 0.5 
                 3 
               
               
                   
                 Anti-wear 
                 1 
                 5 
               
               
                   
                 Inert solvent 
                 0 
                 88.3 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Example B 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Over-based detergent 
                 20 
                 90 
               
               
                   
                 Hindered Amines 
                 0 
                 90 
               
               
                   
                 Multi functional Anti-Wear &amp; 
                 0.5 
                 30 
               
               
                   
                 Friction Modifier 
               
               
                   
                 Anti-oxidant 
                 1 
                 30 
               
               
                   
                 Anti-wear 
                 1 
                 30 
               
               
                   
                 Inert solvent 
                 0 
                 77.5 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0027]    Tables 3-6 shown below indicate possible additive compositions for the additive vessel. All compositions and treat rates (TR) are in % by volume or % by weight (both are applicable). The mixtures below may also be blended with an inert solvent, such as base oil, to reach 100% composition. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 3 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 (Overbased detergents/Strong bases) 
               
               
                 A highly concentrated base with a TBN of 10-500 mgKOH/g 
               
               
                 should be present with a concentration range of approximately 
               
               
                 80% to 90% of the fully formulated additive. 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 Example A 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Minimum Treat 
                 Maximum Treat 
               
               
                 Chemical Name 
                 Rate 
                 Rate 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Calcium Sulfonate 
                 10 
                 90 
               
               
                 Calcium Salicylate 
                 10 
                 90 
               
               
                 Calcium Oleate 
                 10 
                 90 
               
               
                 Calcium Phenate 
                 10 
                 90 
               
               
                 Magnesium Sulfonate 
                 10 
                 90 
               
               
                 Magnesium Salicylate 
                 10 
                 90 
               
               
                 Magnesium Oleate 
                 10 
                 90 
               
               
                 Magnesium Phenate 
                 10 
                 90 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Example B 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Minimum Treat 
                 Maximum Treat 
               
               
                 Chemical Name 
                 Rate (% undiluted) 
                 Rate (% undiluted) 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Calcium Sulfonate 
                 20 
                 90 
               
               
                 Calcium Salicylate 
                 20 
                 90 
               
               
                 Calcium Oleate 
                 20 
                 90 
               
               
                 Calcium Phenate 
                 20 
                 90 
               
               
                 Magnesium Sulfonate 
                 20 
                 90 
               
               
                 Magnesium Salicylate 
                 20 
                 90 
               
               
                 Magnesium oleate 
                 20 
                 90 
               
               
                 Magnesium Phenate 
                 20 
                 90 
               
               
                 Primary, Secondary and 
                 20 
                 90 
               
               
                 Tertiary Amines 
               
               
                 Hindered secondary and 
                 20 
                 90 
               
               
                 Tertiary amines 
               
               
                 tertiary Hinder Amines) 
                 20 
                 90 
               
               
                 1,2,2,6,6-Pentamethyl- 
                 20 
                 90 
               
               
                 4-piperidinol 
               
               
                 4-Amino-2,2,6,6- 
                 20 
                 90 
               
               
                 tetramethylpiperidine 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 4 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 (antioxidants) 
               
               
                 The function of the antioxidant is to reduce the rate of oxidation 
               
               
                 in the oil, which will in turn help reduce acid formation, increase 
               
               
                 oil life and control viscosity. 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 Example A 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Minimum Treat 
                 Maximum Treat 
               
               
                 Chemical Name 
                 Rate % 
                 Rate % 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Aminic Antioxidant 
                 0.5 
                 3 
               
               
                 Phenolic Antioxidants 
                 0.5 
                 3 
               
               
                 Aminic &amp; H. Mo. Wt. Phenolic 
                 0.5 
                 3 
               
               
                 antioxidants 
               
               
                 H. Mo. Wt. Phenolic 
                 0.5 
                 3 
               
               
                 antioxidants 
               
               
                 Aromatic Amines 
                 0.5 
                 3 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Example B 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Minimum Treat 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Rate 
                 Maximum Treat 
               
               
                 Chemical Name 
                 (% undiluted) 
                 Rate (% undiluted) 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Aminic Anti oxidant 
                 1 
                 40 
               
               
                 Phenolic Antioxidants 
                 1 
                 40 
               
               
                 Aminic &amp; High mo wt phenolic 
                 1 
                 40 
               
               
                 Aminic &amp; High mo wt phenolic 
                 1 
                 40 
               
               
                 high molecular weight Phenolic 
                 1 
                 40 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 5 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 (multi-functional friction modifiers) 
               
               
                 The multi-functional friction modifier can be present to reduce 
               
               
                 engine wear and friction, leading to fuel economy improvements. 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 Example A 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Minimum 
                 Maximum 
               
               
                 Chemical Name 
                 Treat rate 
                 Treat Rate 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Oleamide (Alkyamide) 
                 0.2 
                 3.0 
               
               
                 Polymer (Polyol Partial Ester) 
                 0.2 
                 3.0 
               
               
                 Fatty Amides 
                 0.2 
                 3.0 
               
               
                 Alkanolamine 
                 0.2 
                 3.0 
               
               
                 H. Mo. Wt. Phenol polymer 
                 0.2 
                 3.0 
               
               
                 Borated Ester 
                 0.2 
                 3.0 
               
               
                 Amino Functionalized Acrylic polymer 
                 0.2 
                 3.0 
               
               
                 Molybdenum Trimer 
                 0.2 
                 3.0 
               
               
                 Molbdenum Dithio Carbamates 
                 0.2 
                 3.0 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Example B 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Minimum 
                 Maximum 
               
               
                   
                 Treat Rate 
                 Treat Rate 
               
               
                 Chemical Name 
                 (% undiluted) 
                 (% undiluted) 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Oleamide (Crodamide) 
                 1 
                 40 
               
               
                 Polymer (Perfad 3000) 
                 1 
                 40 
               
               
                 Fatty Amides 
                 1 
                 40 
               
               
                 Alkanolamine 
                 1 
                 40 
               
               
                 Irrgalbube F20 
                 1 
                 40 
               
               
                 Borated Ester 
                 1 
                 40 
               
               
                 Amino Functionalized Acrylic polymer 
                 1 
                 40 
               
               
                 Molybdenum Trimer 
                 1 
                 40 
               
               
                 Molbdenum Dithio Carbamates 
                 1 
                 40 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 6 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 (anti-wear additives) 
               
               
                 An anti-wear additive can be present to help reduce engine wear 
               
               
                 during extended oil drain intervals. 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 Example A 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                   
                 Max 
               
               
                   
                 Min Treat 
                 Treat 
               
               
                 Chemical Name 
                 Rate 
                 Rate 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Liquid ashless Butylated Triphenyl Phosphorothionate 
                 1 
                 5 
               
               
                 Liquid ashless dithiophosphate 
                 1 
                 5 
               
               
                 Liquid Mixture of amine phosphates 
                 1 
                 5 
               
               
                 Alkyl Zinc Dialkyldithiophosphates 
                 1 
                 5 
               
               
                 2 Ethyl hexyl zinc Dialkyl thiophospates 
                 1 
                 5 
               
               
                 2 Ethyl hexyl Molydenum Dialkyl thiophospates 
                 1 
                 5 
               
               
                 Ashles Amine Dialkyl dithiophosphate 
                 1 
                 5 
               
               
                 Zinc Dialkyldithiocarbamate 
                 1 
                 5 
               
               
                 Atimony Dialkydithiocarbamate 
                 1 
                 5 
               
               
                 Methylene bis dialkyldithiocarbamate 
                 1 
                 5 
               
               
                 Molybdeum Phosphorodithioate 
                 1 
                 5 
               
               
                 Molybdeum Dithiocarbamate 
                 1 
                 5 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Example B 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Minimum 
                 Maximum 
               
               
                   
                 Treat Rate 
                 Treat Rate 
               
               
                 Chemical Name 
                 (% undiluted) 
                 (% undiluted) 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Liquid ashless Butylated Triphenyl 
                 1 
                 40 
               
               
                 Phosphorothionate 
               
               
                 Liquid ashless dithiophosphate 
                 1 
                 40 
               
               
                 Liquid Mixture of amine phosphates 
                 1 
                 40 
               
               
                 Alkyl Zinc Dialkyldithiophosphates 
                 1 
                 40 
               
               
                 2Ethyl hexyl zinc Dialkyl 
                 1 
                 40 
               
               
                 thiophospates 
               
               
                 2Ethyl hexyl Molydenum Dialkyl 
                 1 
                 40 
               
               
                 thiophospates 
               
               
                 Ashles Amine Dialkyl dithiophosphate 
                 1 
                 40 
               
               
                 Zinc Dialkyldithiocarbamate 
                 1 
                 40 
               
               
                 Atimony Dialkydithiocarbamate 
                 1 
                 40 
               
               
                 Methylene bis dialkyldithiocarbamate 
                 1 
                 40 
               
               
                 Molybdeum Phosphorodithioate 
                 1 
                 40 
               
               
                 Molybdeum Dithiocarbamate 
                 1 
                 40 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0028]    With reference to  FIG. 2 , the additive vessel  60  includes a one-way valve  70  and a capillary tube  72  to effect release of the additive from the interior of the additive vessel. The capillary tube includes an inlet end  74  disposed inside the additive vessel and an outlet end  76  disposed within the center oil passageway  26  of the by-pass media. A hollow sleeve  78  is formed on and extends upwardly from the vessel  60 , and a removable plug  80  fits into and seals with the sleeve  78  to close off the sleeve  78 . The capillary tube  72  extends through the sleeve  78  and the plug  80 . As shown in  FIG. 1 , when the vessel  60  is in place in the filter, the plug  80  and the sleeve  78  extend into the center oil passageway  26  through the bottom of the by-pass filter media  24  so that the outlet end  76  of the capillary tube is disposed in and discharges into the passageway  26 . In addition, the plug  80  is removable from the sleeve  78  to permit filling and refilling of the vessel  60 . 
         [0029]      FIG. 3  illustrates a variation of a filter  10 ′ that is similar to the filter  10 . The filter  10 ′ includes an additive vessel  60 ′ with a one-way valve  70 ′ and a capillary tube  72 ′. However, in the filter  10 ′, the by-pass filter  24 ′ is shorter in axial length than the by-pass filter  24 . In addition, the end of the capillary tube  72 ′ is disposed adjacent to the bottom of the vessel  60 ′. The tube  36 ′ is also provided with a flow restriction. The filter  10 ′ in  FIG. 3  operates in much the same way as the filter  10  operation discussed below. 
         [0030]    The vessel  60  utilizes the pressure gradient across the filter element in addition to the vacuum effect created by the venturi  38  on the clean side of the pleated filter media  18  to drive the additive up the capillary tube  72  and into the oil. The release rate of the additive is controlled by careful selection of the capillary inner diameter (release rate goes with fourth power of inner diameter ID) and capillary length (release rate goes with inverse proportion of length) according to the well-known Hagen-Poiseuille equation for laminar flow in capillary tubes: 
         [0000]    
       
         
           
             
               Δ 
                
               
                   
               
                
               P 
             
             = 
             
               
                 128 
                  
                 μ 
                  
                 
                     
                 
                  
                 LQ 
               
               
                 π 
                  
                 
                     
                 
                  
                 
                   d 
                   4 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
         [0000]    where;
       ΔP is the pressure drop.   L is the length of pipe   μ is the dynamic viscosity   Q is the volumetric flow rate   r is the radius   d is the diameter
 
With reference to  FIGS. 1 and 2 , dirty oil passes through the one way valve  70  into the additive vessel  60 . The pressure in region 1 will be referred to as P 1 . The oil mixes with additive in the vessel (region 2). The oil/additive mixture then flows through the capillary tube  72  (region 3) into the passageway  26  in the center of the by-pass media (region 4). The oil/additive mixture then combines with the clean oil and is dispensed from the filter. The pressure in region 4 will be referred to as P 2 .
       
 
         [0037]    The difference between P 1  and P 2  changes over the life of the filter  10  as the filter media becomes more plugged. However, P 1  will always be greater than P 2 . As P 1 −P 2  increases, the additive release rate will also increase, thus compensating for the dilution of the additive. 
         [0038]    Approximately 85-95% of the oil flows through the filter media  18 , and most of the remainder flows through the by-pass media  24  except for the small amount that flows into the additive vessel. 
         [0039]    The very small inner diameter of the capillary tube  72  makes it intolerant of particulates which may plug or damage the tube. Therefore, the additive(s) in the vessel  60  is in liquid form. 
         [0040]    The venturi  38  helps to drive flow through the capillary tube  72 . In addition, it is beneficial if the by-pass filter media not include additive material intended to be introduced into the oil. The use of a stationary additive material in the by-pass filter media section can lead to a decrease in media capacity due to reduced porosity. Therefore, eliminating an additive material from the by-pass media would allow for equivalent capacity using a reduced by-pass media area, thus allowing for a larger chemical vessel. In addition, using a liquid additive in the vessel  60  will have improved reactivity when compared to use of a stationary additive in the by-pass media due to the fact that the active sites of an additive chemical contained in the by-pass media become coated with soot, sludge, and other contaminants and therefore have a reduced ability to neutralize acids. Nonetheless, if one finds it advantageous to do so, the by-pass media or the full flow filter media may include an optional stationary additive material, for example a strong or weak base additive material in particulate form, intended to be introduced into the oil. 
         [0041]    Also, the central oil passageway  26  in the by-pass media is advantageous. Without this open flow path, the pressure across the capillary tube will be very similar on the dirty side and clean side, so there will be no force to drive liquid flow through the capillary. The lack of such a central passageway  26  also minimizes the effect of the venturi tube  38  on the additive vessel, further hindering the driving force of the flow. 
         [0042]    While the filter  10  has been described with the additive vessel at the bottom of the filter, the filter  10  can include other configurations such as with the additive vessel in other locations in the filter, for example located between the by-pass media  24  and the full flow media  18 . 
         [0043]    In addition, although the filter  10  has been described as having a combination of the full flow filter media  18 , the venturi  38 , the by-pass media  24 , and the additive vessel  60 , other configurations are possible. For example, the filter can include the full flow pleated media  18 , the venturi  38 , and the additive vessel  60 , without the by-pass media. In another example, the filter can include the by-pass media  24  and the additive vessel  60  without the pleated media  18 . In another example, the filter can include the full flow pleated filter media  18 , the by-pass media  24 , and the additive vessel  60 , without the venturi nozzle  38  and the sleeve  30 . Other configurations and combinations of elements are possible. 
         [0044]    The invention may be embodied in other forms without departing from the spirit or novel characteristics thereof. The embodiments disclosed in this application are to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not limitative. The scope of the invention is indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description; and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are intended to be embraced therein.