Abstract:
An access device includes means for receiving, via a wireless communication link, a key and validity information. The access device also includes wireless communication means for establishing a connection with another party, and for providing the key and validity information to that party. If the key and validity information are determined by the other party to be valid access is provided.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     Not Applicable 
     STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT 
     Not Applicable 
     INCORPORATION-BY-REFERENCE OF MATERIAL SUBMITTED ON A COMPACT DISC 
     Not Applicable 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     (1) Field of the Invention 
     The present invention relates to a device and in particular but not exclusively to a device which provides access to an entity. 
     (2) Description of Related Art 
     Including information disclosed under 37 CFR 1.97 and 1.98; 
     Wireless cellular networks are known in which the area covered by the network is divided into a number of cells. Each cell is served by a base transceiver station. The base transceiver station is arranged to communicate with mobile stations in the cell associated with the base station. The mobile stations establish via the base station a connection with another user, a fixed line telephone or the Internet. 
     Programmable keys are known. For example, plastic cards with magnetic strips are used as keys to open locks to for example doors or the like. The use of such keys is disadvantageous in that different keys are provided to access different entities and therefore need to be carried by the user. 
     It has been proposed to allow multiple users access to the same entity. For example, a front door to an office may be accessed by a number of users or a hotel room may be accessed by different users at different times. It is necessary for the accessed entity to have a database or similar to keep a record of the authorised users. It is disadvantageous if a database or similar needs to be associated with the accessed entity. For example, in a hotel, to have a database associated with each lock would be costly. 
     It is an aim of embodiments of the present invention to address one or more of the problems discussed earlier. 
     BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     According to a first aspect of the present invention there is provided an access device comprising means for receiving a key and validity information, wireless communication means for establishing a connection with another party, said wireless communication means being arranged to provide said key and said validity information to said another party, wherein if said key and said validity information are determined by the another party to be valid access is provided. 
     According to a second aspect of the present invention there is provided an access method comprising the steps of receiving a key and validity information, establishing a wireless connection with another party, providing said key and said time related information to said another party, and checking at said another party if said key and said time related information are valid and if so providing access. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWING(S) 
       For a better understanding of the present invention and as to how the same may be carried into effect, reference will now be made by way of example to the accompanying drawings in which: 
         FIG. 1  shows a schematic diagram of a cellular network; 
         FIG. 2  shows a block diagram of a mobile station embodying the present invention; 
         FIG. 3  shows a block diagram of the entities with which the mobile station communicates; 
         FIG. 4  shows the Bluetooth device of  FIG. 3  in more detail; and 
         FIG. 5  illustrates the method embodying the present invention. 
     
    
    
     Reference is made to  FIG. 1  which shows a cellular network  2 . The area covered by the network  2  is divided into a plurality of cells  4 . Three cells  4  are shown in  FIG. 1 . However, it should be appreciated that in networks there will typically be many more cells. 
     Each cell  4  has associated therewith a base transceiver station  6 . Each base transceiver station  6  is arranged to receive signals from and send signals to mobile stations  8  in the cell associated with the base station  6 . Depending on the method of communication, the mobile stations may communicate with the base stations of adjacent cells. In some embodiments of the present invention, a mobile station may be able to communicate with two or more base stations at the same time. 
     The mobile stations and base transceiver stations typically use radio frequency signals to communicate. The base stations and mobile stations may use a frequency division multiple access technique. This means that the available frequency spectrum is divided up into a number of bands and the mobile station will be allocated a given frequency to communicate with the base station with the base station being allocated another frequency to communicate with the mobile station. Generally, the frequencies will be different but this is not essential. The mobile stations and the base stations may use a time division multiple access technique. With this method, a frequency band is divided up into a number of time slots and a mobile station is allocated a given one of those time slots to communicate with the base station and vice versa. In the GSM (global system for mobile communication) standard, a combination of frequency division multiple access and time division multiple access is used. Spread spectrum techniques such as code division multiple access may also be used. In this technique, different spreading codes are used by different mobile stations so that the signals from the different mobile stations can be distinguished. Similarly, the different base stations will use different spreading codes. In the third generation system, a wideband CDMA system has been proposed. It should be appreciated that in embodiments of the present invention, any of these techniques may be used either on their own or together. It is of course possible that any other suitable techniques may be used. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     Reference is now made to  FIG. 2  which shows a block diagram of a mobile station embodying the present invention. The mobile station  8  has a first antenna  10 . The first antenna  10  is arranged to receive signals from the respective base transceiver station  6 . The first antenna  10  is also arranged to transmit signals to the base station  6 . 
     The signals received by the first antenna  10  are forwarded to a radio frequency transceiver  12 . The radio frequency transceiver  12  will down convert the radio frequency signals to a baseband frequency. The radio frequency transceiver may perform other functions such as decoding, demodulation or the like. The received information at the baseband frequency is forwarded by the radio frequency transceiver  12  to a processor  14  which extracts the necessary information from the received signal. The processor  14  may be arranged to provide an output which is connected to a speaker which may provide received voice signals. The processor  14  may receive control information from the base station which is used to control the mobile station or the like. The processor  14  may also extract information which is to be displayed and display that information on a display  16 . The processor may also receive an input from a user interface such as a keyboard or the like. 
     The processor  14  is also used to process signals to be transmitted by the first antenna  10  and may also receive an output from for example a microphone or the like. The signals which are to be transmitted by the first antenna are output by the processor  14  at the baseband frequency. The radio frequency transceiver  12  upconverts the baseband signals to the radio frequency and forwards them to the first antenna  10  for transmission. The radio frequency transceiver may encode the information, modulate it or carry out any other processing of the signal. 
     The radio frequency transceiver  12  may be connected to a memory  18 . The memory  18  is arranged to store some information received by the radio frequency transceiver. In alternative embodiments of the present invention, the memory may be connected to the processor  14  and so may receive information via the processor. 
     The mobile station  8  has a second antenna  20 . The second antenna is arranged to receive and transmit signals in the BLUETOOTH wireless PC card range of frequencies. BLUETOOTH wireless PC card is a standard which has been proposed for short range, low power, high frequency signals. Typically, the signals will be of the order of a giga Hertz. The second antenna  20  is arranged to receive BLUETOOTH wireless PC card signals from a BLUETOOTH wireless PC card device. The signals received by the second antenna are forwarded to a BLUETOOTH wireless PC card transceiver  22 . The BLUETOOTH wireless PC card transceiver  22  performs similar functions to the radio frequency transceiver  12 . In particular, the BLUETOOTH wireless PC card transceiver  22  downconverts the received signals to a baseband frequency. If required, the BLUETOOTH wireless PC card transceiver may demodulate and decode the received signal. The received signals may be forwarded to the processor  14  for further processing. 
     The BLUETOOTH wireless PC card transceiver  22  is also arranged to receive information from the processor  14 . The received information is at the baseband frequency, and the BLUETOOTH wireless PC card transceiver upconverts the signals to the BLUETOOTH wireless PC card frequency so that they can be transmitted by the second antenna. If required, the BLUETOOTH wireless PC card transceiver  22  will modulate, encode and perform any other required function. 
     The BLUETOOTH wireless PC card transceiver  22  is arranged to have access to the memory  18  and can retrieve information stored therein. In alternative embodiments of the present invention, the information may be retrieved by the processor from the memory and forwarded to the BLUETOOTH wireless PC card transceiver  22 . 
     Reference will now be made to  FIG. 3 , which schematically illustrates embodiments of the present of the present invention. The mobile station  8  is arranged to have a BLUETOOTH wireless PC card connection with a BLUETOOTH wireless PC card device  24 . This means that signals are exchanged between the mobile device and the BLUETOOTH wireless PC card device in accordance with the BLUETOOTH wireless PC card standard. With the BLUETOOTH wireless PC card standard, two devices are able to communicate directly without going via, for example, a base station. 
     In embodiments of the present invention, it is proposed that the BLUETOOTH wireless PC card device be a lock or an access device. For example, the BLUETOOTH wireless PC card device may be provided on a hotel door. The 
     BLUETOOTH wireless PC card device may be part of an access device. For example, the access device  24  may permit access to a cinema, public transport, a ski lift or the like. Alternatively, the BLUETOOTH wireless PC card device may, for example, be incorporated in a rental car or the like. Embodiments of the present invention are particularly suitable for allowing access to a given user temporarily. However, embodiments of the present invention can be used in other situations. 
     The communications between the mobile device and the BLUETOOTH wireless PC card device  24  are via the second antenna  20  of the mobile station  8 . 
     Reference is made to  FIG. 4 , which shows the BLUETOOTH wireless PC card device  24  of  FIG. 3  in more detail. The BLUETOOTH wireless PC card device  24  has an antenna  26 . This antenna  26  is arranged to receive and transmit signals at the BLUETOOTH wireless PC card frequency. More particularly, the antenna  26  is arranged to transmit signals to the second antenna of the mobile station and to receive signals therefrom. The BLUETOOTH wireless PC card device has an upconverter  28 . The upconvertor  28  is arranged to upconvert signals from a baseband frequency to the BLUETOOTH wireless PC card frequency for transmission by the antenna  26 . The upconverter  28  may carry out other functions such as modulation, encoding or any other suitable function. 
     The signals which are received by the antenna  26  are processed by a downconverter  30  which reduces the frequency of the received signals from the BLUETOOTH wireless PC card frequency to the baseband frequency. Again, the downconverter  30  may perform other functions such as demodulation or decoding. 
     The signals which are received by the antenna  26  and down converted by the downconverter  30  are output to a processor  32 , which is able to process the received signals further. Likewise, the processor  32  is arranged to output those signals which are to be transmitted to the upconverter  28 . The BLUETOOTH wireless PC card device  24  also has a memory  32  which is used to store information. This will be described in more detail hereinafter. 
     Referring back to  FIG. 3 , the mobile station is also able to communicate with the base transceiver station  6  using the first antenna  10 . The base transceiver station provides a connection to other elements of a network  36 . The network  36  is connected to a gateway element  38  which, usually is part of the network  36 . The gateway element  38  allows the network to be connected to an external entity, such as another network, the Internet or a server  40  of a service provider. 
     Reference will now be made to  FIG. 5 , which shows a flow diagram of the steps of the method embodying the present invention and illustrates how embodiments of the present invention work. The mobile station  8  is arranged in step S 1  to establish a connection with the network  36  via the base transceiver station  6 . In the embodiment described, the mobile station is a WAP (wireless application protocol) mobile station. However, it should be appreciated that the mobile device may be in accordance with any other protocol and may, for example, be able to use the short message servicing SMS feature in embodiments of the invention. The network is also arranged to establish via the gateway  38  a connection with a server. This server  40  is associated with the service provider. For example, if embodiments of the present invention are to be used to allow access to hotel rooms, then the server  40  would be associated with the hotel. As an alternative, the mobile station  8  could also access the server provider via BLUETOOTH wireless PC card transceiver connected to the server. In this way, the mobile station can get the key over the BLUETOOTH wireless PC card connection without the need for network connection. Cost would also be reduced. If, however, an order for a service (for example a hotel room) was made in advance, the key could be obtained remotely via the base transceiver station  6  using WAP and SMS. 
     In the second step S 2 , the server  40  provides the mobile station with key information and additional information. For example, in the context of a hotel, the additional information could take the form of the hotel room. In this particular embodiment, the key and additional information are downloaded to the mobile station in the same call where the mobile station establishes the connection. 
     However, in alternative embodiments of the present invention, it is possible that the mobile station in step  1  establish a WAP connection and provides an indication to the server as to the particular service required. The server may then cause the mobile station to be called back with the required key and additional information. 
     The key information which is sent to the mobile station is usually encrypted. The whole of the key may be encrypted or only part of the key may be encrypted. In alternative embodiments of the present invention, the key may not be encrypted. If the key is encrypted, the mobile station may be able to decrypt all or part of the key information. However, in preferred embodiments of the present invention, the mobile station is not able to decrypt the key information. The additional information which is sent to the mobile station may also be encrypted but this is not necessary. Where this additional information is encrypted, the mobile station will usually be able to decrypt that information. For example, if the additional information relates to a room key, the user will need to know which hotel room the user is allowed access to. This additional information may be communicated to the user. For example, the information may be displayed on the display or may take the form of a voice message. Once the additional information has been received by the mobile station, the connection with the server  40  is terminated. 
     In the next step S 3 , the mobile station is arranged to establish a BLUETOOTH wireless PC card connection with the BLUETOOTH wireless PC card device  24 . The connection with the BLUETOOTH wireless PC card device  24  can take place some time after the first two steps are being completed. As indicated previously, BLUETOOTH wireless PC card is a standard which has been proposed to permit the direct communication between two devices. One feature of the BLUETOOTH wireless PC card standard is that each packet is transmitted with a different frequency. 
     Once the BLUETOOTH wireless PC card connection has been established, in step S 4  the mobile station sends the key information to the BLUETOOTH wireless PC card device. This may be in response to a request from the BLUETOOTH wireless PC card device for the key. 
     In the step S 5 , the BLUETOOTH wireless PC card device will check the validty of the key. In particular, the BLUETOOTH wireless PC card device attempts to decrypt the keys and will compare it with key information which it has stored thereon. 
     In step S 6 , if the key is valid, then the BLUETOOTH wireless PC card device  24  will provide access for example to the room. 
     In the embodiments of the present invention, it is envisaged that the mobile station could be used to store more than one key. So that the BLUETOOTH wireless PC card device  24  is able to receive the correct key, it is preferred that each key has an identification tag which identifies the service provider. The BLUETOOTH wireless PC card device would in its request sent to the mobile station for the key include this information identifying the associated service provider. The mobile station would then only send the key(s) which have the tag associated with the given service provider. Where a number of different keys are associated with the give service provider, the BLUETOOTH wireless PC card device could try all of the keys to see which one matches. It is of course possible in embodiments of the present invention that each BLUETOOTH wireless PC card device has a unique identity tag so that the mobile station only sends the key which matches that identity tag provided by the BLUETOOTH wireless PC card device. 
     In alternative embodiment of the present invention, the mobile station may provide all of the keys which it has to the BLUETOOTH wireless PC card device which will then test all of them in order to determine which key is the correct key. This may be less preferable to those embodiments where security is of importance. 
     The key may have a time limit beyond which it is not valid. For example, a hotel room key may be only valid for the time that the user stays in the hotel. Accordingly, in some embodiments of the present invention, time information may form part of the key. Alternatively, there may be separate information provided relating to time information. The BLUETOOTH wireless PC card device, when determining if the key is valid or not, will check to see whether or not the key is still valid. The time information may take any suitable format such as a start time and/or an end time or any other suitable format. For this, the BLUETOOTH wireless PC card device will require access to a clock. That may be part of the BLUETOOTH wireless PC card device itself or the information may be provided by the mobile station. 
     In embodiments of the present invention, asymmetric encryption or symmetric encryption may be used. With symmetric encryption, the same key is used for encrypting as for decrypting. With asymmetric encryption, different keys are used for encryption and decryption. For example, public and private keys may be used. Thus, the data may be encrypted with a public key which is well known and decrypted with a private key which is only known to a given user. It should be appreciated that any suitable form of encryption and decryption could be used. 
     In order to further increase the security, a hash code can be applied to the key data. 
     It should be appreciated that any suitable way of transmitting key data securely between the server, the mobile station and the BLUETOOTH wireless PC card device may be used. In many of these forms the BTS and GW would not be needed. 
     In embodiments of the present invention, the mobile device has been described as being a mobile station. It should be appreciated that any suitable device can be used. For example, items such as wrist watches could be modified so as to provide the functions of the embodiments of the present invention. Indeed, dedicated devices may be provided in order to perform the functions of embodiments of the invention. It has been proposed to provide a credit card type device which has the capability of making radio connections. Embodiments of the present invention may be incorporated in such devices. 
     In embodiments of the present invention, the mobile station has been described as using the BLUETOOTH wireless PC card protocol. However, in alternative embodiments of the present invention, different radio frequencies can be used. For example, infrared, wireless LAN and HomeRF could be used instead of the BLUETOOTH wireless PC card. 
     Embodiments of the present invention may be used in a wide range of situations. For example, the mobile station  8  may receive from the server a ticket for a sporting event, theatre or cinema. The mobile station may receive from the server a key which allows a rented car to be driven. The mobile station may receive tickets which allow the user to travel on public transport such as aeroplanes, buses or trains. Embodiments of the present invention may be arranged to provide access to for example ski lifts. Embodiments of the present invention are particularly applicable to the provision of temporary access for example to a hotel or access to a cinema. However, embodiments of the present invention can be used to permit a user to obtain access to more permanent services. For example, embodiments of the present invention can be arranged to allow a user to access their office or home. 
     The additional information will be appropriate for a particular service. In the context of a hotel room, the additional information will take the form of the room number. In the case of car rental, the additional information will take the form of the registration number of the car and/or a reference. In the case of tickets to an event, the information may take the form of the seat information. The additional information may also provide time information. For example, the amount of time for which a hotel room is available may be included. In embodiments of the present invention, the same technique can be used to obtain more user time. For example, in the case of a rental car the user may use the same technique in order to obtain a longer rental time. 
     In embodiments of the present invention, there is no need to connect each of the BLUETOOTH wireless PC card devices together to a central control element. This is because of the provision of information relating to the time for which the key is valid. In the case of a lock, the key used by the lock does not have to be continually changed. For example, a hotel room may be validly opened by a user one day, but if the user has not requested the room for an additional day, the user will not be permitted to enter that room on the next day. Thus, the need for additional infra structure connecting the BLUETOOTH wireless PC card devices can be avoided. The validity time for the key can be in the non-encrypted part of the key so that the mobile station can remove it automatically. Also, this would allow the BLUETOOTH wireless PC card device to send a request to the mobile station to remove the key. As an alternative, rather that a valid time information, any other validity information indicating the validity of the user or validity of the use of the item being accessed can be transferred. For example, a maximum speed for a hire car during use could be stipulated. 
     The access key is stored in the memory  18  of the mobile station. Alternatively, the access key may be stored in an integrated part of the device for example on a smart card. The key information is also stored in the memory  34  of the BLUETOOTH wireless PC card device. Again, the information may be stored in any other suitable location in the BLUETOOTH wireless PC card device. 
     Mobile stations or devices embodying the present invention may store any number of different keys for different purposes. 
     In alternative embodiments of the present invention, the mobile station may be arranged to provide the BLUETOOTH wireless PC card device with user identification information. This may be part of the key or separate therefrom. This information can be used to provide additional security. For example, in the car rental situation, the user may be required to identify himself by entering a personal identification number code to prevent misuse or crime. Additionally, the key may be stored in the part of the memory which requires the user to enter their personal identity number (PIN). Without the PIN the mobile station will not send the key. Additionally, each key can be provided with its own PIN. The user needs to know the PIN in order to use the key. The mobile station sends the key together with the PIN (the PIN could be, for example, part of the key for decryption). Furthermore, no PIN might be required. 
     It is preferred that the validity time for the key be encrypted. This means that the mobile station can automatically delete those keys which are out of date. 
     The keys are preferably stored in a tamper proof memory which may be an ASIC, smart card or the like. 
     In alternative embodiments of the present invention, a single antenna may be provided in the mobile station and the key information and the like may be provided to the mobile station using the same antenna which is used to send the key information to the accessed entity. That single antenna may be arranged to use the BLUETOOTH wireless PC card standard or the usual mobile station frequencies.