Abstract:
The invention relates to a drilling implement for drilling holes in the soil. In known drilling implements, drilling tools, such as drill tubes or drill rods, are stored and handled via magazines and magazine forms which require a considerable outlay on sensors and control engineering in order to position the drilling tools. In the drilling implement according to the invention, there is provision for stops to be provided as mechanical travel-limiting mechanisms when the drill tubes are being positioned in respective functional positions. This obviates the need for sensor and control devices which are expensive and susceptible to faults.

Description:
This application claims priority to German Utility Model Application No. 298 11405.4, filed Jun. 25, 1998, which is incorporated herein by reference. 
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The invention relates to a drilling implement for drilling holes in the ground, having a mounting, a drill drive, which is arranged displaceably on the mounting, for drilling tools, such as drill tubes or drill rods, a linear magazine, which is arranged on the mounting, in which the drilling tools can be stored in a magazine in a plane parallel to the mounting and which can be displaced in this plane by means of a drive device, and a clamping device for the selective rotational fixing of the fitted drill string and a drill tube which can be connected thereto and is arranged in the drilling axis. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Hitherto, drill rods have been stored and handled by means of various magazines and magazine forms. For example, document DE 40 30 525 C2, which portrays the generic device, has disclosed a rod magazine for a rock drill machine, which magazine has two receiving devices which are spaced apart, are arranged on a mounting which supports a drill drive and each have a guide fork for accommodating drill stems in a parallel plane to the mounting. By means of hydraulic cylinders, the receiving devices can be displaced toward the drilling axis until the drill stem which is to be removed from the receiving device bears against a guide surface and is released from the receiving device. Then, it is screwed to the drill string. These movements are controlled with the aid of contactless switches with electronic switching elements which interact with switching lugs. Such a complex arrangement of sensors does not rule out the possibility of incorrect functional sequences, owing to the sensitivity of the switching elements to the severe operating conditions involved in the use of a drilling implement. 
     DE 297 03 271 U1 has disclosed a drilling implement with a rotable drum magazine for drill tubes which is arranged on a mounting, in which implement a handling device is provided for removing the drill tubes from the drum magazine; this handling device has a telescopic gripper arm with a gripper. However, a considerable outlay on control engineering is required for the fully mechanized actuation of the handling device. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Therefore, the invention is based on the object of improving a drilling implement of the type described above in such a manner that the rod can be inserted from a rod magazine into the drill string or the rod can be removed from the drill string and stored in the rod magazine, without the need to use the sensor devices which have hitherto been customary and are susceptible to faults in order to control the sequence. 
     According to the invention, the object is achieved by the fact that, in the drilling implement outlined above, stops are provided as mechanical travel-limiting means when the drill tubes are being positioned in respective functional positions. 
     Positioning the drill tubes against mechanical travel-limiting means obviates the need for a control device with a high risk of the sensors failing. Nevertheless, an operator of such a drilling implement can carry out the magazining and transfer operations without difficulty and without significantly increasing the nonproductive times when drilling. 
     Advantageous configurations of the invention are given in the subclaims. 
     Expediently, the stops are provided in the drive device for the linear magazine and fix magazining and transfer positions for the drill tubes. The stops are, for example, the limit positions of movement paths of piston-cylinder units of the drive device, so that the linear magazine is ineluctably arranged in the desired positions. 
     Furthermore, it is advantageous if a stop is formed, as a rod support, on a stationary rod chuck of the clamping device. As a result, a limit position is defined directly by a drill tube which is arranged in a longitudinal axis of the drilling string or in the drilling axis and is then screwed to the drill string. 
     If different receiving contours can be set on the rod support, in order to match different diameters of drill tubes, the drilling implement can be employed universally by changing these contours. 
     This change in the contours can be carried out by means of an adjustment device for movable contours. As an alternative, rod supports with different receiving contours may be fitted to the rod chuck as desired. 
     In an advantageous embodiment, the linear magazine has two spaced-apart receiving devices for the drill tubes. 
     Tube holders for clamping a drill tube in a transfer position in the linear magazine may be arranged on the receiving devices. By means of the tube holders, the front drill tube may in each case be clamped onto the receiving device and can be conveyed into the transfer position in the drilling axis, where it can be screwed to the drill string. 
     According to an advantageous refinement of the invention, the linear magazine contains a preloading device which presses the drill tubes which are stored in the magazine toward the drill tube which is clamped in the tube holders. This simplifies the functional sequence involved in removing a drill tube from the liner magazine. 
     If the linear magazine can be displaced with respect to the mounting by way of its receiving devices and, by means of respective limit stops on the movement paths of the drive devices, can be positioned in different, in particular three, functional positions, an operator can move the magazine into these positions in a simple manner. 
     Expediently, the receiving devices contain holding forks, which receive and guide the stored drill tubes in a holding fork opening. 
     The universal usability of the drilling implement is further enhanced by the fact that adapter elements can be fixed to the holding forks in order to adapt to different drill-tube diameters. 
     The fact that the translational movement of the receiving devices and/or of the holding forks is synchronized by hydraulic or mechanical synchronization of the two drive devices means that the drill tubes are always moved exactly into the drilling axis, without the operator having to act specifically to ensure this. 
     For simple adaptation to different drill-tube diameters, it is also possible to fit spacer rings to the drive devices. 
     If, according to a further configuration of the drilling implement according to the invention, it is possible to adjust the positioning of a means for attaching the drive device to a support of the mounting, it is possible, in a simple manner, to adapt the linear magazine to different transmissions with different distances between the drilling axis and the mounting. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of an exemplary embodiment of a drilling implement according to the invention and with reference to drawings, in which: 
     FIG.  1 : shows an overall view of a drilling implement with a rod magazine according to the invention; 
     FIG.  2 : shows a side view of the drilling implement shown in FIG. 1, in the direction of the drilling axis; 
     FIGS. 3 to  14 : each show two views, corresponding to FIG.  1  and FIG. 2, of different movement positions of the drilling implement when drill tubes are being removed from the magazine; 
     FIG.  15 : shows a side view of the drilling implement in accordance with FIG. 1, at its chuck-side end; 
     FIG.  16 : shows a plan view of a rod support; 
     FIG.  17 : shows an axial plan view of the drilling implement in accordance with FIG. 1; 
     FIG.  18 : shows a view in accordance with FIG. 17 of the drilling implement, with the linear magazine in an advancing position; and 
     FIG.  19 : shows an enlarged version of the same view of the drilling implement as that shown in FIG.  18 . 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     A drilling implement  1  has a mounting  2 , on which a drill transmission  3  of a drill drive for a drill rod  4  is mounted in a longitudinally displaceable manner by means of a carriage  5 . Only those components of the drilling implement  1  which are required in order to describe the invention are shown, and the implement may be arranged and positioned on a drill carriage, as described, for example, in DE-A 38 19 537. A rod magazine  6  for receiving and storing drilling tools  7 , such as drill tubes, drill stems or rod stands is arranged on the mounting  2 . Naturally, the drilling implement is suitable for making holes in any type of ground, such as soil, lithosol or rock. 
     A drill string coupling, which is also known as the transmission-side tube nipple  10 , is attached to an output shaft  8  of the drill transmission  3 , and therefore coaxially with respect to a drilling axis  9 . At its end  11  which is on the drilled-hole side, the mounting  2  has a stationary first rod chuck  12  with a rod support  13 , which forms a mechanical travel-limiting means or a stop for a drill tube  7 . The rod support  13  is a plate which is detachably connected to the chuck  12  (cf. in particular FIG. 15) and, due to its contour  30  (cf. FIG.  16 ), centers the rod or drill tube  7  in the drilling axis  9 . Depending on the diameter of the drill tubes  7  used, it is necessary to use a suitable rod support  13  with the associated contour  30  (FIG. 16 shows the rod support  13  with four contours, representing four rod supports for the different diameters). FIG. 15 shows a drill tube  7  which is held in the holding fork  18  before it is placed in the rod support  13 . 
     Between this stationary first chuck  12  and a rotable second chuck  14 , which is arranged at a distance from the first chuck in the direction of the drilling axis, there is a rod-breaking cylinder  15  which, by the way in which it is coupled, is able to rotate the first chuck  12  relative to the second chuck  14 , by adopting a retracted position and an extended position. The second chuck  14  contains a tube guide  16  for centering and guiding the drill string or drill rod  4 . 
     The rod magazine  6  has a receiving device  17  for the drilling tools or drill tubes  7 , with two U-shaped holding forks  18  which are spaced apart from one another (cf. FIG. 2) and are arranged in such a way that their openings  19  for the drill tubes  7 , which openings extend in linear fashion, open toward the drilling axis  9  of the drill transmission  3  and intersect this axis. Thus, the drill tubes  7 , which are stored in the rod magazine  6 , also known as linear magazine, are arranged next to and parallel to one another in a plane which is parallel to the drilling axis  9 . Axial guides, such as for example guide plates  31 , are arranged on the holding forks  18 , which plates guide the drill tubes  7  axially in the rod magazine  6 . They may have a run-in slope  32 . The two holding forks  18  are arranged on a transmission-side support  20  or on a drilled-hole-side support  21  which is spaced apart from the transmission-side support, which supports are attached to the mounting  2  via a longitudinal rail  22  and can be displaced perpendicularly with respect to the drilling axis  9  by way of guides  23  provided on the supports  21 ,  22 . 
     The holding forks  18  are driven by means of respective drive devices  24 , such as piston and cylinder devices, which have, for example, a tandem cylinder, two cylinders connected in series or a controlled-displacement cylinder. The piston and cylinder devices are operatively connected between the support  20  or  21  and the respective holding fork  18 , so that the holding forks  18  can be displaced, and in particular can adopt three positions, which also represent the position of the rod magazine and are described in more detail below. The movements of the two holding forks  18  between the three positions (starting position in accordance with FIGS. 3A and 3B, transfer position in accordance with FIGS. 4A and 4B, for example, advancing position in accordance with FIGS. 7A and 7B, for example) are mechanically limited by means of the tandem cylinders or by means of the series connection of two cylinders. When the rod magazine  6 , together with the holding forks  18 , is in the starting position, both sides of the tandem cylinder or both series cylinders are extended. If the rod magazine  6 , together with the holding forks  18 , is in the transfer position, the tandem cylinders are retracted on both sides (or both series-connected cylinders are retracted) . If the rod magazine  6 , together with the holding forks  18 , is in the advancing position, the first side of the tandem cylinder is extended (or the first cylinder of the series cylinders is extended) . Thus the displacement paths of the two holding forks  18  are mechanically limited by means of the limit positions of the cylinders of the drive devices  24 . 
     Synchronous translational movement of the two holding forks  18  is achieved by means of a hydraulic or mechanical synchronization of the two drive devices  24 . Each holding fork  18  has a tube holder  25  for a drill tube  7  which is situated in the magazine or holding fork opening  19 , at the most forward position, or removal position. The tube holder  25  comprises one or, for example, two opposite pressure pistons  26  which can be actuated hydraulically, can move toward one another, in a closed position clamp the drill tube  7  between them and in an open position are able to release this tube again. 
     The receiving device  17  or the two holding forks  18  may have a preloading device (not shown) which presses the other drill tubes  7  stored in the magazine toward the drill tube  7  which is being held in the tube holders  25 . 
     The sequence of operations involved in manipulation of the individual drilling tools  7  or rod stands when the drill string  4  is being used to carry out the drilling operation and during the subsequent pulling of the drill string, and therefore during the associated insertion and removal of the individual drilling tools  7  into and from the magazine, is described with reference to FIGS. 3 to  14 . 
     FIGS. 3A and 3B shows the drilling implement  1  in a starting position. The rod magazine  6 , together with the two holding forks  18  and the stored drill tubes  7 , is in a position which is remote from the mounting  2  and, with regard to the mounting  2  which is illustrated in the horizontal position, is also known as the upper position. The tube holders  25  hold the drill tube  7  which is situated at the furthest forward or lowest position in the holding fork opening  19  clamped in place. The first chuck  12  is open, while the second chuck  14  is closed. The drill transmission  3 , together with its attachments, such as the tube nipple  10 , has been moved out of the area of the rod magazine  6 . 
     The rod magazine  6  is then displaced toward the mounting  2  (downward as seen in the figures) until the rod magazine  6  or the drill tube  7  bears against the stop  13  (cf. FIGS.  4 A and  4 B). The first chuck  12  is closed. 
     Then (cf. FIGS.  5 A and  5 B), the transmission-side tube nipple  10  is screwed to the drill tube  7  which is arranged in a rotationally fixed position in the drilling axis  9 , by means of suitable, superimposed advance and rotational movements of the drill transmission  3 . The tube holders  25  continue to hold the drill tube  7  securely in the holding fork opening  19 . The drill transmission  3  has moved into a first intermediate position, in which the drill tube  7 , which has been screwed to the tube nipple  10 , is still arranged beneath the rod magazine  7 , that end of the drill tube  7  which faces the drill string  4  lying securely in the first chuck  12 . This represents the transfer position of the rod magazine  6  and of the drill tube  7 . 
     The tube holders  25  are opened (FIGS. 6A and 6B) and the rod magazine  6  is moved upward by one tube position, i.e. by the distance which approximately corresponds to the diameter of one drill tube  7  (FIGS.  7 A and  7 B). Since the tube holders  25  are open, the other drill tubes  7  which are stored in the magazine are not moved with it, but rather remain bearing against one another due to the preloading device. 
     The tube holders  25  are closed and clamp the next drill tube  7 ′, which is adjacent to the drill tube  7  arranged in the drilling axis  9  (FIGS.  8 A and  8 B). The rod magazine  6  is moved upward into the starting position, taking all the drill tubes situated in the holding fork opening with it. Then, by means of superimposed advance and rotational movements of the drill transmission  3  (FIGS.  9 A and  9 B), the drill tube  7  is screwed to the drill string  4 . The drill transmission  3  in the process moves into a second intermediate position. 
     The second chuck  14  is opened (FIGS.  10 A and  10 B), and the drill rod is drilled by being driven by means of the drill transmission  3 . In the process, the drill transmission  3  moves one stand length into its drilled-hole-side limit position (FIGS.  11 A and  11 B). Then, the first and second chucks  12  and  14  are closed, thus clamping the drill tube  7  which has drilled down, as well as the tube nipple  10  which has been screwed to it (FIGS.  12 A and  12 B). Movement of the breaker cylinder  15  loosens the screw connection. The first chuck  12  is opened, and, by means of a superimposed return and unscrewing movement of the drill transmission  3 , the transmission-side tube nipple  10  is unscrewed and removed from the drill string  4  (FIGS.  13 A and  13 B). The drill transmission  3  moves back into its starting position (cf. FIGS.  14 A and  14 B), which corresponds to the position illustrated in FIG.  1 . 
     In order for the following drill tubes  7  from the rod magazine  6  also to be fitted to the drill string  4 , the procedure described above is repeated until sufficient drill tubes have been attached. 
     If, after the rod has been drilled down and the hole has been made in the ground, the drill string or the drill tubes are to be pulled out again, the procedure described is carried out in the reverse order. 
     Various drill transmissions  3  may be arranged on the drilling implement according to the invention and may differ in terms of the distance  33  between the drilling axis  9  and the mounting  2 . To adapt this changeable distance  33 , there is provision for it to be possible to change the position of a height-fixing means  34  on the supports  20 ,  21  on which the drive devices  24  act and to secure this means, for example by means of plugs or screws. In this way, the holding forks  18  can be positioned correctly via the respective drive cylinders (tandem or series cylinders). 
     To adapt the drilling implement to different diameters of drill tubes  7  used, there is provision for the holding forks  18  to be adapted to the particular rod diameter which is to be accommodated by means of adapter elements, such as for example screw-on or plug-on guide strips  35  (cf. FIG.  17 ), in that these strips  35  narrow the holding fork openings  19 . 
     The displacement path of the rod magazine  6  and of the holding forks  18  is adapted to different rod diameters by means of spacer rings  36 ,  37 , which are arranged on the piston rods  38  and  39 , respectively, of the cylinders (cf. FIG.  17 ). In this way, according to a reduction in diameter from a maximum diameter to a minimum diameter, the distance over which the cylinder which, via the holding forks  18 , moves the drill tube  7 , together with the magazine  6 , into the drilling axis  9  can move is reduced, and the distance over which the cylinder which moves the holding forks  18  into the top position (starting position in accordance with FIGS. 3A and 3B, for example) is increased. A tandem cylinder as the drive device  24  is illustrated in FIG.  19 .