Abstract:
A micropump comprises a first substrate, a pumping section formed in the first substrate, a second substrate connected to the first substrate and having an inlet port and an outlet port, and at least two valve sections formed in the first substrate for controlling the flow of fluid from the inlet port to the outlet port through the pumping section. The pumping section has a piezoelectric element and a diaphragm for undergoing deformation upon application of a voltage to the piezoelectric element to control the flow of fluid into and out of the pumping section. Each of the valve sections has a piezoelectric element and a diaphragm for undergoing deformation upon application of a voltage to the piezoelectric element. A flow passage is formed in the first substrate for connecting the pumping section and the valve sections in fluid communication. A plurality of packing members are each disposed between a respective diaphragm of the valve sections and the second substrate for blocking the flow of fluid when no voltage is applied to the piezoelectric: elements of the valve sections. The packing members are operative to permit the flow of fluid through the valve sections when a voltage is applied to the piezoelectric elements of the valve sections to cause the diaphragms of the valve sections to undergo deformation and form a gap between each of the packing members and the second substrate or between each of the packing members and a respective diaphragm of the valve sections.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to a structure and manufacturing method for a micro-pump and micro-valve in medical fields and analytic fields wherein essentially required are liquid feed of a slight amount of a liquid with accuracy and miniaturization of the apparatus itself. 
     There is one described, for example, in JP-A-5-164052 as a micro-pump being applied in the analytic field and the like. This invention is structured, within a casing  26  as shown in FIG. 2, by a fixed stacked-type piezoelectric actuator bonded at its end face with a liquid suction and discharge member  21 , and two stacked-type piezoelectric actuators  22  bonded at their end faces with valves  23 , so that a structure is provided that liquid feed is realized through a passage pipe port  24  and a pump chamber  25  by driving the three actuators. 
     Also, in the case of a micro-pump described in JP-A-5-1669, it is characterized as shown in FIG. 3 in that a metal or polysilicon thin film  32  is formed on a sacrificial layer of an oxide film over a silicon substrate  31 , further a metal or polysilicon check valve is structured by removing the sacrificial layer through etching, and a pump is structured by a piezoelectric element  34  provided on a glass substrate  33 . 
     Meanwhile, in the case of a device described in JP-A-5-263763, a structure is made as shown in FIG. 4 by attaching two pump-driving bimorph type piezoelectric elements  42  on and under a pump chamber  41 , and mounting flow control valves  45  formed by a valve body  43  and a bimorph type piezoelectric element  44  to a suction port and a discharge port, so that the pump-driving piezoelectric elements  42  and the fluid control valve piezoelectric elements  44  can be drive-controlled by a same controller  46 . 
     In a case where an active valve is manufactured by using a stacked-type piezoelectric element as shown in FIG. 2 as its actuator, there has been a problem that the reduction in thickness was impossible due to the thickness of the stacked type piezoelectric element itself. 
     Also, in the micro-pump having the two check valves as shown in FIG. 3, there has been a problem that liquid feed is possible in only one direction due to its liquid feed realized by using the passive check valves. 
     Further, where using as shown in FIG. 4 the valve by directly closing the passage with the piezoelectric element bimorph type actuators, there has possessed a problem that the actuators had to be protected because fluid contacts with the actuator. 
     Therefore it is an object in the present invention to realize a micro-pump which is realized high in tightness, capable of being made thin and high in pressure resistance and discharge efficiency, by using a unimorph actuator to obtain sufficient displacement in a diaphragm of a substrate portion and using such a structure as clamping a packing such as silicone rubber between the substrate portion and the ceiling plate portion. 
     Furthermore, it is another object in the present invention to realize a micro-pump which is realized high in tightness, capable of being made thin and feeding liquid bi-directional, and high in pressure resistance and discharge efficiency, by using a unimorph actuator to obtain sufficient displacement in a diaphragm of a substrate portion and using an integral structure with a substrate portion or ceiling plate portion and a packing. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     In the present invention, high tightness is realized in the valve portion by employing such a structure as clamping a packing such as silicone rubber between a diaphragm on a substrate and a ceiling plate. Furthermore, a unimorph actuator is structured having a piezoelectric element attached to the diaphragm to realize such a structure of allowing fluid to flow between the packing and the diaphragm or between the packing and the ceiling plate, realizing active micro-valves. 
     Also, these two micro-valves and a pumping portion with the piezoelectric element and the diaphragm are connected by a passage to drive each actuator to effect liquid feed. Thus, a micro-pump is realized that is in a thin-type and high in pressure resistance and discharge efficiency, and capable of bi-directional liquid feed. 
     Furthermore, in the present invention, an integral structure with the substrate and the packing is realized by forming the packing in the diaphragm on the substrate, realizing high tightness with the ceiling plate bonded. Or otherwise, an integral structure with the ceiling plate and the packing is realized by forming the packing on the ceiling plate, realizing high tightness with the diaphragm on the bonded substrate. Further, a unimorph actuator is structured that is attached with the piezoelectric element for the diaphragm, realizing an active micro-valve. Also, in the similar manner a pumping portion is realized that acts to discharge liquid by the unimorph actuator having the piezoelectric element attached to the diaphragm. 
     Also, these micro-valves and the pumping portions are connected through passages so that valve opening and closing and liquid discharge are effected by driving each actuator, thereby realizing a micro-pump that is a thin type, high in pressure resistance and discharge efficiency and capable of bi-directional liquid feed. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1A is a plan view and FIG. 1B is a sectional view showing a structure of a micro-pump of the present invention; 
     FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing a structure of a conventional micro-pump; 
     FIG. 3 is a sectional view showing a structure of a conventional micro-pump; 
     FIG. 4 is a sectional view showing a structure of a conventional micro-pump; 
     FIG. 5 is a sectional view showing a micro-pump valve structure of the present invention; 
     FIGS. 6A,  6 B,  6 C,  6 D,  6 E,  6 F,  6 G,  6 H and  6 I are sectional views showing a manufacture method for the micro-pump of the present invention; 
     FIGS. 7A,  7 B,  7 C and  7 D are sectional views and FIG. 7E is a plan view showing a structure and manufacture method for the micro-pump of the present invention; 
     FIGS. 8A,  8 B,  8 C and  8 D are sectional views and FIG. 8E is a plan view showing a structure and manufacture method for the micro-pump of the present invention; 
     FIGS. 9A,  9 B,  9 C,  9 D and  9 E are sectional views and FIG. 9F is a plan view showing a structure and manufacture method for the micro-pump of the present invention; 
     FIGS. 10A,  10 B,  10 C,  10 D,  10 E and  10 F are sectional views and FIG. 10G is a plan view showing a structure and manufacture method for the micro-pump of the present invention; 
     FIG. 11A is a plan view and FIGS. 11B,  11 C,  11 D and  11 E are sectional views showing a valve structure of the micro-pump of the present invention; 
     FIG. 12A is a plan view and FIGS. 12B,  12 C,  12 D and  12 E are sectional views showing a valve structure of the micro-pump of the present invention; 
     FIG. 13A is a plan view and FIG. 13B is a sectional view showing a micro-pump structure of the micro-pump of the present invention; 
     FIG. 14 is a sectional view showing a valve structure of the micro-pump of the present invention; 
     FIGS. 15A,  15 B,  15 C,  15 D,  15 E,  15 F,  15 G,  15 H,  15 I and  15 J are sectional views showing a structure and manufacture method for the micro-pump of the present invention; 
     FIGS. 16A,  16 B,  16 C and  16 D are sectional views showing a structure and manufacture method for the micro-pump of the present invention; 
     FIGS. 17A,  17 B,  17 C and  17 D are sectional views showing a structure and manufacture method for the micro-pump of the present invention; 
     FIGS. 18A,  18 B,  18 C,  18 D and  18 E are sectional views showing a structure and manufacture method for the micro-pump of the present invention; 
     FIGS. 19A,  19 B,  19 C,  19 D,  19 E and  19 F are sectional views showing a structure and manufacture method for the micro-pump of the present invention; 
     FIGS. 20A,  20 B,  20 C and  20 D are sectional views showing a structure and manufacture method for the micro-pump of the present invention; and 
     FIGS. 21A,  21 B,  21 C,  21 D and  21 E are sectional views showing a structure and manufacture method for the micro-pump of the present invention. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     A structure of a micropump according to the present invention is shown in FIG.  1 A and FIG.  1 B. FIG. 1A is a plan view of the micropump, and FIG. 1B is a sectional view. 
     As shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, the micropump according to the invention comprises a first substrate  101  and a second substrate  102 . The first substrate  101  is partly formed into a thin film to form two valve diaphragms  103  and one pumping diaphragm  104  therein, and passages  105  are formed to connect the two valve diaphragms  103  to a pumping part  109  (described later). The diaphragms  103  are bonded to respective piezoelectric elements  106  so that each diaphragm can be deformed in accordance with the unimorph actuator principle when a voltage is applied to the piezoelectric element  106 . 
     The second substrate  102  has two penetrating holes formed as fluid inlet/outlet ports  107 . The first substrate  101  and the second substrate  102  are bonded together to form two valve parts  108  and a pumping part  109 . In the valve parts  108 , a packing  110  is sandwiched between the valve diaphragm  103  and the second substrate  102 . In a state where no voltage is applied to the piezoelectric element  106 , the packing  110  blocks the movement of fluid. However, if a voltage is applied to the piezoelectric element  106  to thereby deform the valve diaphragm  103 , a gap is formed between the packing  110  and the second substrate  102  or between the packing  110  and the valve diaphragm  103 , thereby allowing flow of fluid. When the application of voltage is suspended, the packing  110  and the second substrate  102 , or the packing  110  and the valve diaphragm  103 , are contacted together due to the rigidity of the piezoelectric element  106  and valve diaphragm  103 , and the flow of fluid is again blocked. 
     In the pumping part  109 , voltage is applied to the piezoelectric element  103  to deform the pumping diaphragm  104 , similarly as in the case of the valve part  108 , thereby deforming the pumping diaphragm  104  to vary the volume of the pumping start  109  and push the fluid out. 
     By driving the two valve parts  108  and the pumping part  109  in a particular order, liquid is fed from one fluid inlet/exit port  107  to the other fluid inlet/exit port  107 . Reverse liquid feed is also feasible by changing the driving sequence. 
     In the embodiments which follow, explanations will be made of examples wherein the first substrate  101  comprises a silicon substrate, the second substrate  102  comprises a glass substrate and the packing  110  is comprised of silicone rubber. 
     Embodiment 1 
     First, a 0.3-μm oxide film  8  is formed by thermal oxidation as in FIG. 6B on the silicon substrate  1  as in FIG.  6 A. Subsequently, the surface is patterned with resist to remove away part of the oxide film  8  by wet etching with buffer hydrogen fluoride (FIG.  6 C). Then, after completely stripping off the resist, the remained thermal oxide film is used as a mask to conduct wet etching on the silicon substrate  1  by TMAH as in FIG.  6 D. Subsequently, the oxide film  8  is completely stripped away by a buffer hydrogen fluoride, as in FIG.  6 E. The etched portions are to be made into each diaphragm and passage of a micro-pump. 
     Then, a 1.2-μm oxide film  8  is formed all over the surface again through thermal oxidation as in FIG.  6 F. Using a two-sided aligner, resist patterning is made on the back surface such that the valve diaphragm and the pumping diaphragm become a same position at the surface. Using this resist as a mask, the film  8  is patterned by buffer hydrogen fluoride (FIG.  6 G). After stripping the resist, the silicon substrate  1  is etched by a potassium hydride solution as shown in FIG.  6 H. By adjusting the depth of this etching, each diaphragm can be arbitrarily determined in thickness. Finally, as in FIG. 6I the oxide film  8  is completely stripped away by buffer hydrogen fluoride, completing a substrate having diaphragms. 
     Then, although a glass substrate  2  is bonded to the silicon substrate  1  as shown in FIGS.  7 A, 7 B, 7 C, 7 D and  7 E, through-holes  5  are previously formed in a diameter of 0.6 [mm] through the glass substrate  2  by excimer laser, the position of which is coincident with the position of the valve diaphragm formed in the silicon substrate (FIG.  7 A). Subsequently, anodic bonding is conducted in a state that packings previously formed in valve diaphragms are clamped between the glass substrate and the silicon substrate (FIG. 7B, FIG.  7 C). If a heat resistive silicone rubber is used as the packing, it is possible to sufficiently withstand in anodic bonding at approximately 300° C. and 1000V. 
     By bonding in a state of clamping the packings in this manner, it is possible to realize a structure that the through-holes  5  are directly closed by the packings  4 . At this time, by claiming packings with a thickness greater than the etch depth for the valve diaphragm  6 , the valve can realize a normally close state due to the rigidity of the diaphragm and packing (FIG.  5 ). Due to this, by arbitrarily setting the thickness of the packing or diaphragm, the valve strength can be freely adjusted against external pressure. Finally, piezoelectric elements  3  are attached to the valve diaphragm  6  and the pumping diaphragm  7  thus structuring unimorph actuators (FIG.  7 D). FIG. 7E is a plan view of a completed micro-pump. 
     Subsequently, the way to open and close the valve is explained based on FIGS. 11A,  11 B,  11 C,  11 D and  11 E. FIG. 11A is a plan view of the micro-pump. FIG.  11 B and FIG.  11 C show a section A-A′ in FIG. 11A, and FIG.  11 D and FIG. 11E show a section B-B′ in FIG.  11 A. The two valves are kept normally in a closed state (FIG. 11B, FIG. 11D, wherein a space is caused between the glass substrate and the packing by downwardly deflecting the unimorph actuator (FIG. 11C, FIG. 11E) enabling the fluid to pass through the through-hole. In this case, the diaphragm at its central portion displaces the most by the unimorph actuator with less displacement at a peripheral portion. Due to this, by making same the width of the packing and the width of the valve diaphragm, there is no possibility that the packing move even if the valve becomes an open state. 
     Also, fluid discharge can be made by upwardly deflecting the pumping diaphragm through the unimorph actuator. Liquid feed of the micro-pump is realized by driving in a proper order the two valve diaphragm and the one pumping diaphragm. Also, because of using active valves, it is also possible to replace between the suction side and the discharge side by changing the order of driving each actuator. 
     Because the micro-pump like this uses the unimorph actuators employing a piezoelectric element, it can be made in one of a very thin type. Because of using the active valves, bi-directional liquid feed is possible. Also, because the structure has the packings clamped between the glass substrate and the valve diaphragms, it is possible to realize a micro-pump with high pressure resistance and high liquid feed efficiency. 
     Embodiment 2 
     First, valve diaphragms  6  and a pumping diaphragm  7  are formed in a silicon substrate through the similar process to FIGS. 6A,  6 B,  6 C,  6 D,  6 E,  6 F,  6 G,  6 H and  6 I in Embodiment 1 (FIG.  8 A). 
     Subsequently, the glass substrate is formed with through-holes  5  by excimer laser, wherein the through-holes  5  are structurally positioned distant from packings  4  (FIG.  8 B). Due to this, the fluid entered through the through-hole  5  is dammed off by the packing  4  clamped by the valve diaphragm and the glass substrate. 
     Subsequently, anodic bonding is performed in a state that packings with a same width as the valve diaphragm are clamped by the glass substrate and the silicon substrate (FIG.  8 C). If a heat resistive silicone rubber is used for the packing, it can be sufficiently withstand in the anodic bonding at approximately 300° C. and 1000 V. 
     FIG. 8E represents a plan view of a micro-pump, wherein such a structure is realized that the fluid passed through the through-hole is dammed off by using a packing having the same width as the diaphragm in this manner. At this time, by clamping packings with a thickness greater than the etch depth of the valve diaphragm, a normally closed state of the valve can be realized due to rigidity of the diaphragm and packings (FIG.  5 ). Due to this, by setting the thickness of the packing or valve diaphragm arbitrarily, the valve strength can be freely adjusted for external pressure. Finally, piezoelectric elements  3  are attached to the valve diaphragm  6  and the pumping diaphragm  7 , constituting a unimorph actuator (FIG.  8 D). 
     Subsequently, the way to open and close the valve is explained based on FIGS. 12A,  12 B,  12 C,  12 D and  12 E. FIG. 12A is a plan view of a micro-pump. FIG.  12 B and FIG. 12C show a section A-A′ in FIG. 12A, and FIG.  12 D and FIG. 12E show a section B-B′ in FIG.  12 A. The two valves are kept normally in a closed state (FIG. 12B, FIG.  12 D), wherein a space is caused between the glass substrate and the packing and between the valve diaphragm and the packing by downwardly deflecting the unimorph actuator (FIG. 12C, FIG. 12E) enabling the fluid to pass through the through-hole. In this case, the diaphragm at its central portion displaces the most by the unimorph actuator with less displacement at a peripheral portion. Due to this, by making same the width of the packing and the width of the valve diaphragm, there is no possibility that the packing move even if the valve becomes an open state. 
     Also, fluid discharge can be made by upwardly deflecting the pumping diaphragm through the unimorph actuator. Liquid feed of the micro-pump is realized by driving in a proper order the two valve diaphragm and the one pumping diaphragm. Also, because of using active valves, it is also possible to replace between the suction side and the discharge side by changing the order of driving each actuator. 
     Because the micro-pump like this uses the unimorph actuators employing a piezoelectric element, it can be made in one of a very thin type. Because of using the active valves, bi-directional liquid feed is possible. Also, because the structure has the packings clamped between the glass substrate and the valve diaphragms, it is possible to realize a micro-pump with high pressure resistance and high liquid feed efficiency. 
     Embodiment 3 
     First, valve diaphragms  6  and a pumping diaphragm  7  are formed in a silicon substrate through the similar process to FIGS. 6A,  6 B,  6 C,  6 D,  6 E,  6 F,  6 G,  6 H and  6 I in Embodiment 1. Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 9A adhesion preventive layers  9  are coated on the glass substrate  2  and the valve diaphragms  6 . At this time, it is possible to prevent against adhesion with a silicone rubber or the like in curing by using adhesion preventive layers of fluorocarbon resin or the like. In this state the glass substrate  2  is formed by through-holes  5  through which fluid pass, using excimer laser. The through-holes  5  are formed at the same portions of the adhesion preventive layers  9  (FIG.  9 B). Also, the position of the through-hole is also coincident with the valve diaphragm  6  in the silicon substrate. The glass substrate  2  and silicon substrate  1  thus formed are bonded by anodic bonding as in FIG.  9 C. 
     Subsequently, a low viscous silicone rubber before setting is filled inside the diaphragm through the through-hole  5  and thereafter allowed to set, thus realizing packings  4  with high tightness (FIG.  9 D). Because the glass substrate  2  and the valve diaphragm  6  are previously coated with the adhesion preventive layers  9 , the packing after setting will not adhere to each side. As a result, such a structure is realized that the packing is clamped by the glass substrate and the valve diaphragm. Finally, piezoelectric elements  3  are attached to the valve diaphragms  6  and the pumping diaphragm  7  thereby constituting a unimorph actuators (FIG.  9 E). FIG. 9F is a plan view of a completed micro-pump. 
     Subsequently, the way to open and close the valve is explained based on FIGS. 11A,  11 B,  11 C,  11 D and  11 E. FIG. 11A is a plan view of a micro-pump. FIG.  11 B and FIG. 11C show a section A-A′ in FIG. 11A, and FIG.  11 D and FIG. 11E show a section B-B′ in FIG.  11 A. The two valves are kept normally in a closed state (FIG. 11B, FIG.  11 D), wherein a space is caused between the glass substrate and the packing by downwardly deflecting the unimorph actuator (FIG. 11C, FIG. 11E) enabling the fluid to pass through the through-hole. In this case, the diaphragm at its central portion displaces the most by the unimorph actuator with less displacement at a peripheral portion. Due to this, by making same the width of the packing and the width of the valve diaphragm, there is no possibility that the packing move even if the valve becomes an open state. 
     Also, fluid discharge can be made by upwardly deflecting the pumping diaphragm through the unimorph actuator. Liquid feed of the micro-pump is realized by driving in a proper order the two valve diagrams and the one pumping diaphragm. Also, because of using active valves, it is also possible to replace between the suction side and the discharge side by changing the order of driving each actuator. 
     Because the micro-pump like this uses the unimorph actuators employing a piezoelectric element, it can be made in one of a very thin type. Because of using the active valves, bi-directional liquid feed is possible. Further, because the packing is formed by filling the silicone rubber, it is possible to realize a micro-pump with high pressure resistance and high liquid feed efficiency. 
     Embodiment 4 
     First, valve diaphragms and a pumping diaphragm are formed in a silicon substrate through the similar process to FIGS. 6A,  6 B,  6 C,  6 D,  6 E,  6 F,  6 G,  6 H and  6 I in Embodiment 1. Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 10A adhesion preventive layers  9  are coated on the glass substrate  2  and the valve diaphragms  6 . At this time, it is possible to prevent against adhesion with a silicone rubber or the like in curing by using adhesion preventive layers of fluorocarbon resin or the like. In this state the glass substrate  2  is formed by through-holes  5 , using excimer laser. The through-holes includes two kinds of one through which fluid passes and the other for filling a packing inside the diaphragm. Among them, the one for filling is formed at a same portion as the adhesion preventive layer  9  (FIG.  10 B). The glass substrate  2  and silicon substrate  1  thus formed are bonded by anodic bonding as in FIG.  10 C. 
     Subsequently, a low viscous silicone rubber before setting is filled inside the diaphragm through the through-hole  5  and allowed to set, thus realizing packings  4  with high tightness (FIG.  10 D). Because the glass substrate and the valve diaphragm are previously coated with the adhesion preventive layers  9 , the packing after setting will not adhere to each side. As a result, a structure in which the packing is interposed between the glass substrate and the valve diaphragm can be realized. Also, filling holes are closed by a sealant  10  so that the fluid passed through the valve will not leak to the outside (FIG.  10 E). This realizes such a structure that the fluid goes in and out through the remaining two through-holes and the flow is dammed off by the packing. Finally, piezoelectric elements  3  are attached to the valve diaphragms  6  and the pumping diaphragm  7  thereby constituting a unimorph actuators (FIG.  10 F). FIG. 10G is a plan view of a completed micro-pump. 
     Subsequently, the way to open and close the valve is explained based on FIGS. 12A,  12 B,  12 C,  12 D and  12 E. FIG. 12A is a plan view of a micro-pump. FIG.  12 B and FIG. 12C show a section A-A′ in FIG. 12A, and FIG.  12 D and FIG. 12E show a section B-B′ in FIG.  12 A. The two valves are kept normally in a closed state (FIG. 12B, FIG.  12 D), wherein a space is caused between the glass substrate and the packing and between the valve diaphragm and the packing by downwardly deflecting the unimorph actuator (FIG. 12C, FIG. 12E) enabling the fluid to pass through the through-hole. In this case, the diaphragm at its central portion displaces the most by the unimorph actuator with less displacement at a peripheral portion. Due to this, by making same the width of the packing and the width of the valve diaphragm, there is no possibility that the packing move even if the valve becomes an open state. 
     Also, fluid discharge can be made by upwardly deflecting the pumping diaphragm through the unimorph actuator. Liquid feed of the micro-pump is realized by driving in a proper order the two valve diagrams and the one pumping diaphragm. Also, because of using active valves, it is also possible to replace between the suction side and the discharge side by changing the order of driving each actuator. 
     Because the micro-pump like this uses the unimorph actuators employing a piezoelectric element, it can be made in one of a very thin type. Because of using the active valves, bi-directional liquid feed is possible. Also, because the packings are formed by filling the silicone rubber, it is possible to realize a micro-pump with high pressure resistance and high liquid feed efficiency. 
     A further structure of a micro-pump in the present invention is shown in FIGS. 13A and 13B. 
     FIG. 13A is a plan view of a micro-pump, and FIG. 13B is a sectional view of the micro-pump. Two valve diaphragms and one pumping diaphragm are formed by etching in the silicon substrate  51 , and each diaphragm is attached with a piezoelectric element  53  thereby forming a unimorph actuator. The silicon substrate  51  is bonded with a glass substrate  52  having through-holes  55 , so that the valve diaphragms are structurally closed by packings  54 . Also, the packing is in an integral structure with the valve diaphragm or glass substrate. By making the thickness of this packing higher than the etch depth of the diaphragm, a normally close state of the valve is realized due to rigidity of the diaphragm and packing (FIG.  14 ). 
     This embodiment of the invention is explained hereinbelow based on the drawings. 
     Embodiment 5 
     First, a 0.3-μm oxide film  58  is formed by thermal oxidation as in FIG. 15B on the silicon substrate  51  as in FIG.  15 A. Subsequently, the surface is patterned with resist to remove away part of the oxide film  58  by wet etching with buffer hydrogen fluoride (FIG.  15 C). Then, after completely stripping off the resist, the remained thermal oxide film is used as a mask to conduct wet etching on the silicon substrate  51  by TMAH as in FIG.  15 D. Subsequently, the oxide film  58  is completely stripped away by a buffer hydrogen fluoride as in FIG.  15 E. The etched portions are to be made into each diaphragm and passage of a micro-pump. 
     Then, a 1.2-μm oxide film  58  is formed all over the surface again through thermal oxidation as in FIG.  15 F. Using a two-sided aligner, resist patterning is made on the back surface such that the valve diaphragm and the pumping diaphragm becomes a same position as the surface. Using this resist as a mask, the oxide film  58  is patterned by buffer hydrogen fluoride (FIG.  15 G). After stripping the resist completely from the surface, the silicon substrate  51  is etched by a potassium hydride solution as shown in FIG.  15 H. By adjusting the depth of this etching, each diaphragm can be arbitrarily determined in thickness. Finally, as in FIG. 15I the oxide film  58  is completely stripped away by buffer hydrogen fluoride, completing a substrate having diaphragms. 
     Subsequently, as shown in (FIG.  16 A), packings of a silicon rubber or the like are formed and set for the valve diaphragms  56  of the silicon substrate  51 . By doing this, an integral structure is realized that has the packings  54  and the silicon substrate  51  (FIG.  16 B). Then, this silicon substrate  51  is bonded by a glass substrate  52 , wherein the glass substrate  52  has through-holes  55  previously formed in a diameter of 600 [μm] by excimer laser at positions coincident with the packing formed in the valve diaphragm. Due to this, if anodic bonding is realized at 300° C. and 1000 V, a structure is realized that the through-holes  55  are directly closed by the packings  54  (FIG.  16 C). At this time, by providing a structure that the packing  54  is higher than the etch depth of the valve diaphragm  56 , the valve becomes normally close state due to the rigidity of the diaphragm and packing (FIG.  14 ). This strength can be arbitrarily set by the thickness of the packing or valve diaphragm, and the valve strength for the external pressure can be freely adjusted. 
     Finally, piezoelectric elements are attached to the valve diaphragm  56  and the pumping diaphragm  57 , thus structuring unimorph actuators (FIG.  16 D). The two valves are kept normally in a closed state, wherein a space is caused between the glass substrate and the packing by downwardly deflecting the unimorph actuator enabling a valve open state. Also, fluid discharge can be made by upwardly deflecting the pumping diaphragm through the unimorph actuator. Liquid feed of the micro-pump is realized by driving in a proper order the two valve diaphragms and the one pumping diaphragm. Also, because of using active valves, it is also possible to feed liquid in an arbitrary direction by changing the drive order to each actuator. 
     Because the micro-pump like this uses the unimorph actuators employing a piezoelectric element, it can be made in one of a very thin type. Because of using the active valves, bi-directional liquid feed is possible. Also, because the valve diaphragm is partly filled by the packing, it is possible to realize a micro-pump with high pressure resistance and high liquid feed efficiency. 
     Embodiment 6 
     First, valve diaphragms  56  and a pumping diaphragm  57  are formed in a silicon substrate through the similar process to FIGS. 15A,  15 B,  15 C,  15 D,  15 E,  15 F,  15 G,  15 H and  15 I in Embodiment 5 (FIG.  17 A). Packings  54  are formed for the valve diaphragms, realizing an integral structure with the packings  54  and the silicon substrate  51  (FIG.  17 B). Subsequently, anodic bonding is performed with a glass substrate  52  having through-holes  55 , wherein the through-holes  55  are positioned distant from the packings  54  to have a structure that the liquid entered through the through-hole  55  is dammed off by the packing  54  at a valve diaphragm portion (FIG.  17 C). Finally, piezoelectric elements are attached to the valve diaphragm  56  and the pumping diaphragm  57 , constituting a unimorph actuator (FIG.  17 D). The two valves are kept normally in a closed state, wherein a space is caused between the glass substrate and the packing by downwardly deflecting the unimorph actuator realizing a valve open state. Also, fluid discharge can be made by upwardly deflecting the pumping diaphragm through the unimorph actuator. Liquid feed of the micro-pump is realized by driving in a proper order the two valve diaphragms and the one pumping diaphragm. Also, because of using active valves, liquid feed in an arbitrary direction is possible by changing the drive order to each actuators. 
     Because the micro-pump like this uses the unimorph actuators employing a piezoelectric element, it can be made in one of a very thin type. Because of using the active valves, bi-directional liquid feed is possible. Also, because the valve diaphragm is partly filled by the packing to have such a structure as to dam off the liquid, it is possible to realize a micro-pump with high pressure resistance and high liquid feed efficiency. 
     Embodiment 7 
     First, valve diaphragms  56  and a pumping diaphragm  57  are formed in a silicon substrate through the similar process to FIGS. 15A,  15 B,  15 C,  15 D,  15 E,  15 F,  15 G,  15 H and  15 I in Embodiment 5. Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 18A adhesion preventive layers  59  of fluorocarbon resin is coated onto a glass substrate  52  to be made into a ceiling plate section, at the same positions as the valve diaphragms. This is because to prevent silicone rubber as a packing to be made into a packing from adhering to the glass substrate upon setting. In this state, through-holes  55  for passing therethrough liquid are formed in the glass substrate  52  using excimer laser, wherein the through-hole  55  is formed at the same portion of the adhesion preventive layer  59  (FIG.  18 B). Also, the position of the through-hole also coincident with the valve diaphragm  56  of the silicon substrate. The glass substrate  52  and the silicon substrate  51  are bonded through anodic bonding as in FIG.  18 C. 
     Subsequently, low viscous silicone rubber is filled within the diaphragm through the through-hole  55  and allowed to set, realizing a packing  54  with high tightness (FIG.  18 D). Because the glass ceiling plate side is previously coated with the adhesion preventive layer  59  of fluorocarbon resin or the like, the packing is rendered in a state bonded only to the silicon substrate side thus realizing an integral structure with the silicon substrate and the packings. In this case, when the valve diaphragm  56  is deflected downward, a gap is caused between the glass substrate and the packing thereby realizing a valve open state. 
     Finally, piezoelectric elements  53  are attached to the valve diaphragm  56  and the pumping diaphragm  57 , constituting a unimorph actuator (FIG.  18 E). The two valves have spaces caused between the glass substrate and the packings by downwardly deflecting the unimorph actuators, realizing a valve open state. Also, liquid discharge is possible by upwardly deflecting the pumping diaphragm  57  by the unimorph actuator. Liquid feed of the micro-pump is realized by driving in a proper order the two valve diaphragms  56  and the one pumping diaphragm  57 . Also, because of using active valves, liquid feed in an arbitrary direction is possible by changing the drive order to each actuators. 
     Because the micro-pump like this uses the unimorph actuators employing a piezoelectric element, it can be made in one of a very thin type. Because of using the active valves, bi-directional liquid feed is possible. Also, it is possible to realize a micro-pump with high pressure resistance and high liquid feed efficiency. 
     Embodiment 8 
     First, valve diaphragms and a pumping diaphragm are formed in a silicon substrate through the similar process to FIGS. 15A,  15 B,  15 C,  15 D,  15 E,  15 F,  15 G,  15 H and  15 I in Embodiment 5. Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 19A adhesion preventive layers  59  of fluorocarbon resin is coated onto a glass substrate  52  to be made into a, ceiling plate section, at the same positions as the valve diaphragms  56 . This is because to prevent silicone rubber as a packing to be made into a packing from adhering to the glass substrate upon setting. In this state, through-holes  55  are formed in the glass substrate  52  using excimer laser. The through-holes includes two kinds of one to pass through liquid and the other to fill a packing within the diaphragm. Among these, the one for filling is to be formed at the same portion as the adhesion preventive layer  59  (FIG.  19 B). The glass substrate  52  and silicon substrate  51  thus formed are bonded by anodic bonding as in FIG.  19 C. 
     Subsequently, low viscous silicone rubber is filled within the diaphragm through the through-hole  55  and allowed to set, realizing a packing  54  with high tightness (FIG.  19 D). Because the glass ceiling plate side is previously coated with the adhesion preventive layer  59  of fluorocarbon resin or the like, the packing is rendered in a state bonded only to the silicon substrate side thus realizing an integral structure with the silicon substrate and the packings. Subsequently, the filling hole is closed by a sealant  60  not to cause fluid leak (FIG.  19 E). By doing this, such a structure is realized that fluid goes in and out through the two through-holes and the flow is dammed off by the packing. In a case of the valve like this, a gap is caused between the glass substrate and the packing when the valve diaphragm  56  is deflected downward, realizing a valve open state. 
     Finally, piezoelectric elements  53  are attached to the valve diaphragm  56  and the pumping diaphragm  57 , constituting a unimorph actuator (FIG.  19 F). The two valves have spaces caused between the glass substrate and the packings by downwardly deflecting the unimorph actuators, realizing a valve open state. Also, liquid discharge is possible by upwardly deflecting the pumping diaphragm  57  by the unimorph actuator. Liquid feed of the micro-pump is realized by driving in a proper order the two valve diaphragms  56  and the one pumping diaphragm  57 . Also, because of using active valves, liquid feed in an arbitrary direction is possible by changing the drive order to each actuators. 
     Because the micro-pump like this uses the unimorph actuators employing a piezoelectric element, it can be made in one of a very thin type. Because of using the active valves, bi-directional liquid feed is possible. Also, because of such a structure that the valve diaphragm is partly filled to dam off fluid, it is possible to realize a micro-pump with high pressure resistance and high liquid feed efficiency. 
     Embodiment 9 
     First, valve diaphragms  56  and a pumping diaphragm  57  are formed in a silicon substrate through the similar process to FIGS. 15A,  15 B,  15 C,  15 D,  15 E,  15 F,  15 G,  15 H and  15 I in Embodiment 5. Subsequently, as shown in FIG.  20 A through-holes  55  are formed by excimer laser in a glass substrate  52  to be formed into a ceiling plate section. Packings  54  are formed onto this glass substrate  52 , realizing an integral structure with the packings  54  and the glass substrate  52  (FIG.  20 B). This packing  54  is positioned at the same position as the valve diaphragm  56  formed on the silicon substrate. 
     Subsequently, anodic bond is performed for the glass substrate and the silicon substrate  51  (FIG.  20 C), wherein the through-hole  55  is positioned at a position distant from the packing  54  to have a structure that the fluid entered through the through-hole is dammed off by the packing  54 . In a case of the valve like this, a gap is caused between the glass substrate and the packing when the valve diaphragm  56  is deflected downward, realizing a valve open state. Also, by providing a stricture that the packing  54  is higher than the etch depth of the valve diaphragm  56 , it is possible to realize a valve normally close state due to the rigidity of the diaphragm and packing. 
     Finally, piezoelectric elements  53  are attached to the valve diaphragm  56  and the pumping diaphragm  57 , constituting a unimorph actuator (FIG.  20 D). The two valves have spaces caused between the silicone substrate and the packings by downwardly deflecting the unimorph actuators, realizing a valve open state. Also, liquid discharge is possible by upwardly deflecting the pumping diaphragm  57  by the unimorph actuator. Liquid feed of the micro-pump is realized by driving in a proper order the two valve diagrams  56  and the one pumping diaphragm  57 . Also, because of using active valves, liquid feed in an arbitrary direction is possible by changing the drive order to each actuators. 
     Because the micro-pump like this uses the unimorph actuators employing a piezoelectric element, it can be made in one of a very thin type. Because of using the active valves, bi-directional liquid feed is possible. Also, because of such a structure that the valve diaphragm is partly filled to dam off fluid, it is possible to realize a micro-pump with high pressure resistance and high liquid feed efficiency. 
     Embodiment 10 
     First, valve diaphragms and a pumping diaphragm are formed in a silicon substrate through the similar process to FIGS. 15A,  15 B,  15 C,  15 D,  15 E,  15 F,  15 G,  15 H and  15 I in Embodiment 5. Subsequently, as shown in FIG.  21 A through-holes  55  are formed by excimer laser in a glass substrate  52 . The through-holes includes two kinds of one for passing through fluid and the other to filling a packing within the diaphragm. Among them, the one for filling is formed at the same portion as the valve diaphragm  56  formed in the silicone substrate. 
     Subsequently, adhesion preventive layers  59  of fluorocarbon resin are coated onto the valve diaphragm portions of the silicon substrate  51  (FIG.  21 B). This is because to prevent silicone rubber to be made into a packing from adhering to the silicon substrate upon setting. In this state, the silicon substrate  51  and the glass substrate  52  are bonded by anodic bonding as shown in FIG.  21 C. 
     Subsequently, low viscous silicone rubber is filled within the diaphragm through the through-hole  55  and allowed to set, realizing a packing  54  with high tightness (FIG.  21 D). Because the valve diaphragm  56  on the silicon substrate is previously coated with the adhesion preventive layer  59  of fluorocarbon resin or the like, the packing is rendered in a state bonded only to the glass substrate side thus realizing an integral structure with the glass substrate and the packings. Due to this, fluid goes in and out through the remained two through-holes to realize a structure that the flow is dammed off by the packing. In a case of the valve like this, a gap is caused between the valve diaphragm and the packing when the valve diaphragm  56  is deflected downward, realizing a valve open state. Also, because of an integral structure with the glass substrate and the packings, there is no possibility that the fluid leaks through the filling hole. There is no necessity to especially close the filling hole with a sealant. 
     Finally, piezoelectric elements  53  are attached to the valve diaphragm  56  and the pumping diaphragm  57 , constituting a unimorph actuator (FIG.  21 E). The two valves have spaces caused between the silicone substrate and the packings by downwardly deflecting the unimorph actuators, realizing a valve open state. Also, liquid discharge is possible by upwardly defecting the pumping diaphragm  57  by the unimorph actuator. Liquid feed of the micro-pump is realized by driving in a proper order the two valve diagrams  56  and the one pumping diaphragm  57 . Also, because of using active valves, liquid feed in a n arbitrary direction is possible by changing the drive order to each actuators. 
     Because the micro-pump like this uses the unimorph actuators employing a piezoelectric element, it can be made in one of a very thin type. Because of using the active valves, bi-directional liquid feed is possible. Also, because of such a structure that the valve diaphragm is partly filled to dam off fluid, it is possible to realize a micro-pump with high pressure resistance and high liquid feed efficiency. 
     The micro-pump of the present invention can be made very thin and easily made in small because of employing a unimorph structure with a silicon diaphragm and piezoelectric elements. 
     Also, an effect is provided to give pressure resistance and high efficiency of discharge performance by applying a structure that the packings are clamped between the glass substrate and the silicon substrate to realize micro-valves with high tightness. 
     Also, by applying an integral structure with the glass substrate and the packings or with the silicon substrate and the packings to realize micro-valves with high tightness, an effect is provided to give pressure resistance and high efficient discharge performance.