Abstract:
A device for transporting two or more articles to two or more locations comprising:
       one or more holding units for carrying the two or more articles   one or more orifices for loading and/or delivering the articles   a controlling unit for directing the movement and operations of the device   a flying attachment for transporting the device through air

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application claims priority from Indian Application No. 201611024343, filed Jul. 15, 2016, which is incorporated herein by reference. 
       FIELD 
       [0002]    The present disclosure relates generally to an improved dispenser for dispensing articles using unmanned aerial vehicles, platforms and systems 
       BACKGROUND 
       [0003]    UAVs have also been proposed for delivery applications including delivery of medicines and medical specimens into and out of inaccessible regions. In 2013, in a research project of DHL, a small quantity of medicine was delivered via a UAV. Conventional deliveries using UAVs are for single packages and at a single pre-determined address. 
         [0004]    However, such an approach, single-package-to-single-address is grossly limiting. The full commercial, environmental and societal benefits and potential of UAV based automated delivery can only be realized when a single UAV is can be used for multiple intelligent deliveries. There exists a strong need for smart air-bome systems to deliver mail, packages and articles to desired multipletargets. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
         [0005]      FIG. 1A ,  FIG. 1B ,  FIG. 1C  and  FIG. 1D  show a diagram of dispenser. 
           [0006]      FIG. 2A  and  FIG. 2B  show a diagram of base of dispenser. 
           [0007]      FIG. 3  shows a diagram of dispenser and flight module. 
           [0008]      FIG. 4  shows block level interaction between all components. 
           [0009]      FIG. 5  shows overall schematic with safe-drop altitude concept. 
           [0010]      FIG. 6  shows a diagram of shutter/orifice. 
           [0011]      FIG. 7  shows a 2-D diagram and a 3-D diagram of a spring coil. 
           [0012]      FIG. 8  shows an embodiment of a 2-D diagram of a shutter/orifice. 
           [0013]      FIG. 9  shows a diagram of a dispenser with intelligently controlled levers. 
           [0014]      FIG. 10  shows a diagram of a dispenser consisting of ‘smart locks’. 
           [0015]      FIG. 11  shows a diagram of a dispenser with a magnetic system. 
           [0016]      FIG. 12  shows a diagram of a dispenser with compartments. 
       
    
    
     DESCRIPTION 
       [0017]    The present disclosure relates to the delivery of one or more articles at specific targets, including but not limited to mail, postage, letters, newspapers, magazines, post cards, packages etc. from fixed wing, rotor based, or any other type of unmanned air borne vehicles or systems. It describes a delivery drone that can drop multiple articles at multiple locations. 
         [0018]    The present disclosure offers several advantages over convention systems. For example, it reduces the average delivery time for a plethora of articles from several days to just 24 hours or less. Not only does this make delivery of goods more efficient and convenient for consumers, it also has far reaching implications for critical and time-sensitive items such as medicines or blood supplies from hospitals. Also, it reduces reliance on ground-based modes of transportation (cars, trucks, bicycles etc.), thereby reducing traffic in the cities in which it operates, and making navigation for everyone, a more pleasurable pursuit. As another advantage, it reduces sound pollution by utilizing a much quieter rotor based technology for navigation. Additionally, it also empower consumers, by introducing more direct interaction with senders, or receivers of articles and also provides real-time communication protocols and tracking. In this way, it replaces the complexity of current ground-based transportation organizations, with a cleaner and more efficient interface which provides far more accurate real-time information regarding the location and status of the article, out for delivery. 
         [0019]    In a preferred embodiment as shown in  FIG. 1A ,  FIG. 1B  and  FIG. 1C , the dispenser is essentially a box type structure with one or more symmetric or non-symmetric internal compartments. In other embodiments, the dispenser could also be of any other polygonal shape, including but not limited to, cylindrical, spherical. The number of compartments, and the dimensions of individual compartments, may be defined as per user requirement. Each compartment can be used to hold one or more articles such as mail, letter, postcard, newspaper, book, package, magazine etc. which is to be delivered to a specific target 
         [0020]    In a preferred embodiment, each compartment may have one or more intelligently controlled and openable orifices for loading and dispensing the articles in the dispenser. In another embodiment ( FIG. 1D ), there is an enclosure which is placed under and encompasses one or more compartments, and extends across the entire length or breadth of the dispenser. The enclosure may open to a pre-determined angle (Ø), whenever desired, and may act as a platform for any article, helping it slide across, and onto a desired location. The shape of compartments shown in  FIG. 1D  is cuboidal for reference purposes, however it may change to trapezoidal, elliptical, circular or any other polygon configuration. The shapes and dimensions of the individual compartments will vary correspondingly. Whenever desired, the orifices/shutters for individual compartments may be opened or closed, independently of one another. The opening and closing of the shutters/orifices may be controlled by mechanical, magnetic, electronic, electro-mechanical, electro-magnetic or a combination of more than one of the aforementioned mechanisms. The individual compartments may or may not be attached to one another. In one variation ( FIG. 6 ), they may be stacked vertically; either attached to one another, or mounted individually onto a hollow frame, which is then attached to the aircraft system. 
         [0021]    There are one or more processors or controllers which control the working of the dispenser. There is also an I/O interface that enables communication between the dispenser and any external system such as the aircraft flight control board, external computer or digital electronic system. There is additionally a dispensing and loading unit to enable opening and closing of the orifices or enclosures of the dispenser. If and wherever applicable, the processor issues orifice open or close instructions to the delivery mechanism block. There is also a sensor block to sense various parameters of the dispenser, the articles inside it and its surroundings when it is stationary or in motion. In a preferred embodiment, the sensor block comprises of a sensor for detecting contraband or explosives to avoid loading of such articles onto the dispenser. In a preferred embodiment, each individual compartment is equipped with a sensor to automatically read the pickup and/or drop address of the articles placed inside it using, for example, an RFID tag. 
         [0022]    In a preferred embodiment ( FIG. 10 ), the dispenser may consist of ‘smart locks’ which are interlocked with loops fastened onto the articles. Whenever desired, the processor may issue instructions to unlock one or more smart locks, allowing the loops to be released and fall freely along with the articles they are fastened to. The orifices below may or may not contain doors. 
         [0023]    In a preferred embodiment ( FIG. 11 ), the smart locks may also be replaced with a magnetic system, wherein ‘holding’ magnets are fastened onto oppositely charged magnets which in turn are attached to articles. Whenever desired, processor may issue instructions to demagnetize or reverse the charge of specific ‘holding’ magnets, allowing the other magnet(s) with their attached articles to fall freely. The orifices below may or may not contain doors. 
         [0024]    The memory block provides on-board storage for any data or instructions and in particular coordinates of the addresses where specific articles stored in specific dispenser compartments need to be dropped or lowered or released or unloaded. 
         [0025]    In a preferred embodiment, as shown in  FIG. 2A  and  FIG. 2B , the dispenser is attached to an aircraft module. The aircraft module enables air-borne movement of the dispenser and maybe remotely piloted, autonomously or semi-autonomously. In a preferred embodiment as shown in  FIG. 3 , the aircraft system and dispenser communicate with each other if and when required directly. In a preferred embodiment, the dispenser may itself be equipped with UAV capabilities, like rotors or fixed wing aircraft parts, and would satisfy the functions of both: the flying unit, and the storage and dispensing unit. In a preferred embodiment ( FIG. 12 ), each of the compartments may contain rotors and be capable of independent flight. Moreover, the compartments may be able to detach from one another and fly in different directions to different delivery addresses, and then later re attach again, or independently return to the base station. 
         [0026]    In a preferred embodiment, as shown in  FIG. 4 , the process for article delivery when the articles are manually or automatically loaded in the dispenser compartments. Next, their addresses are electronically recorded and stored in the dispenser and/or aircraft memory. 
         [0027]    Next, an optimized flight plan for the aircraft covering pickup and delivery addresses for a given dispenser load are determined. In an embodiment, the altitudes at which the aircraft will fly in the course of its entire flight-plan is also determined. Subsequently, the dispenser is attached to the aircraft module. In an embodiment, the optimized flight plan is transmitted to the dispenser and/or aircraft during the course of a flight. After the aforementioned preparation, the aircraft flies carrying the dispenser to the respective delivery addresses. The aircraft flight control may be remotely piloted, autonomously or semi-autonomously. The aircraft may be equipped with ‘sense and avoid’ features to detect oncoming objects and to minimize accidents or collisions during flights. 
         [0028]    In a preferred embodiment, during the flight, the dispenser sends one or more notifications to the base station and/or the recipients of one or more articles, informing them that it is on its way and/or the estimated time of arrival. In another embodiment, the estimated delivery times for one or more recipients on a given flight plan are determined and sent to the base station and/or recipients in advance. In another embodiment, the recipients may choose to receive the articles at another time of the day, and the aircraft system accordingly re-arranges the flight plan and sends them a revised estimated time of arrival which is closer to, or exactly the same as their requirement. 
         [0029]    Next, once the aircraft reaches the GPS coordinates corresponding to any of the drop address, it signals the dispenser. The dispenser then determines its current altitude with respect to ground level below it and gets positioned at a pre-determined safe-drop altitude range. In an embodiment, once the aircraft and dispenser are at the safe-drop altitude range, the dispenser processor issues a delivery alert to the base station receiver and/or the aircraft and/or any registered addressee(s) for the delivery address. After issuing the alert the processor will activate the load/dispense block to open the orifice corresponding to the article to be delivered at that specific address. In an embodiment the article is lowered by an appropriate lowering mechanism. In an embodiment, the dispenser is equipped with sensors to detect weather metrics such as wind direction, and account for these before lowering or dropping the article(s) to the target location. 
         [0030]    In a preferred embodiment, once the aircraft and dispenser land at the target location, the dispenser processor will issue a delivery alert to the base station receiver and/or the aircraft and/or any registered addressee(s) for the delivery address through its communication blocks. The alert to addressee may be issued using methods such as, but not limited to, text, sms, voip, call, or email. After issuing the alert, the processor will activate the load/dispense block to open the orifice or shutter adjacent to the compartment carrying the corresponding articles. These articles may then be dispensed automatically, or retrieved by manually taking them out through the orifice or shutter ( FIG. 6 ). In one embodiment, there may be a device such as (including but not limited to) a spring coil ( FIG. 7 ), which is activated (by any mechanism including mechanical, electrical, magnetic etc) as soon as the shutter opens, and pushes the articles out of the compartment, and onto the landing surface (the spring coil remains in a compressed state while the shutter is closed, and hence springs ‘open’ when the shutter is opened). In one embodiment ( FIG. 7 ), the entire structure may have an accessory attached to it, such that the ejected article lands (or is lowered by an elevator like system) onto the slide at the bottom of the accessory, and slides down onto the delivery location. In one embodiment ( FIG. 8 ), the bottom compartment (marked ‘A’) of the structure might be a detachable box, attached to the structure by one or more tethers (or similar device). Adjacent to this detachable box (marked ‘A’) may be a small conveyor system, with a mechanism (electronic, mechanical or any other) to transport articles into the box. Whenever an article is ejected from one of the upper compartments, it may land (or be lowered by an elevator like system) onto the ramp and then be transported into the detachable box (marked ‘A’). This detachable box may then be lowered gradually onto the delivery location and unload the article. The article unloading mechanism may include (but not be limited to), the frame of the box being expanded from one or more edges (electronically or by any other means) to allow the article to simply fall onto the delivery surface from a very low and ‘safe’ altitude. 
         [0031]    In one embodiment ( FIG. 9 ), the dispenser, instead of consisting of compartments, may consist of one or more symmetric or non-symmetric, intelligently controlled internal levers. The number of levers, and the dimensions of individual levers, may be defined as per user requirement. Each lever will be used to hold on top of it, one or more articles such as mail, letter, postcard, newspaper, book, package, magazine etc. which is to be delivered to any specific target. Each ‘lever’ may have one or more openable orifice(s)/shutter(s) adjacent to it, for loading of articles. Whenever desired, the levers may maintain a ‘closed’ position signified by an angle of 0 degrees (parallel to the ground) or more, and may be moved to an ‘open’ position by opening downwards to a pre-determined angle. The opening and closing (if any) of the levers and/or the shutters/orifices may be controlled by mechanical, magnetic, electronic, electro-mechanical, electro-magnetic or a combination of more than one of the aforementioned mechanisms. 
         [0032]    Whenever ready for a delivery, the dispenser will ‘open’ the lever corresponding to the article to be delivered at that specific address, and all the other levers (all, to predetermined angles) below it, in its path downwards. The article will then either slide freely across the various levers or by an appropriate mechanism (including but not limited to, magnetic, mechanical, electronic, or any combination of the aforementioned), thus creating an effect reminiscent to that seen on a ‘pinball’ machine. After passing through all the relevant levers on its way down, the article will finally reach the enclosure/slide at the bottom and move downwards across it (voluntarily or involuntarily), to finally reach its delivery location. The slide may also have a sensor, like a laser sensor, to account for every article that has moved down its surface, towards the target location. 
         [0033]    The individual compartments may either represent an integrated single unit structure, or a number of separate mini-boxes (compartments) which are stacked onto a hollow frame, thereby allowing for a modular system. 
         [0034]    For multiple consecutive delivery addresses next to each other, the most optimal altitude changes for the aircraft to save time and battery or fuel along with the time and duration to fly the aircraft at a high cruising altitude and at a safe-drop altitude are determined. For example, if in an embodiment, two or more consecutive drop addresses are within a specific range, the aircraft will stay in the safe-drop altitude and navigate from one address to other till it completes all drops in the region without rising back to the cruising altitude. 
         [0035]    In an embodiment, before opening the orifice or releasing an article, the dispenser will seek permission from the base-station, the aircraft, any registered user or the addressee. In the event of no response or a negative response, the dispenser may abort delivery and re-attempt it at a later stage. In an embodiment the permission can be for placing the article anywhere on the property. For this purpose, images or signals are procured specific to each drop address and saved. When the flight arrives at the GPS coordinates of the delivery address, it will capture images or signals at that location and deliver the article only if they match with the saved image or signal. In a preferred embodiment, there is also a provision for delivery success acknowledgement. In a preferred embodiment, the dispenser may reach a stored address, and then prompt the base station. It may then be remotely maneuvered by a pilot, to a suitable drop location at that address. At this point the dispenser and/or flying unit may record the exact GPS coordinates of the drop location for future use and store them in correspondence with the said address. This would ensure that repeat deliveries to the said address would not require human intervention, and the dispenser would simply rely on the stored GPS coordinates. 
         [0036]    In an embodiment for delivery of sensitive documents a barcode is sent to the recipient in advance. The dispenser is equipped with a barcode scanner which will scan the barcode from the recipient&#39;s phone or tablet or other media, and will dispense the required article to the recipient if they match 
         [0037]    In an embodiment additional material such as a cork or thermocol may be added to one or more articles to enhance the positional accuracy of the article and reduce the air drag during drop. 
         [0038]    In another embodiment, in the event of any unusual circumstance, wherein the sender or recipient requires some manual intervention or assistance, he or she may make contact with a call center at the base station (via the cell phone app, or by indicating to the system that he or she needs special assistance through a variety of ways including but not limited to, saying a pre-determined keyword). In such an instance, an operator at the base station, who can see the sender or recipient via the camera installed on the system, can also speak to them to resolve any problems they may have. 
         [0039]    Once the article has been delivered, the corresponding compartment will be automatically closed. The aircraft and dispenser will then proceed to repeat the above mentioned delivery process at the next deliver address in the aircraft&#39;s flight plan 
         [0040]    The aircraft unit will have intelligent awareness of its remaining battery life at any given point in time. Whenever the remaining battery life is approaching a pre-set critical ‘remaining percentage of battery’, the aircraft unit will send a message to the communication block of the dispenser informing it to pause all deliveries and will proceed to fly back to the base station for re-charging or retirement for the day. 
         [0041]    In one embodiment, the articles (particularly those in the upper compartments) may be placed in a special packaging to prevent any damage to them, when they are being pushed out by the spring coil (or similar) mechanism and onto the landing surface. 
         [0042]    The present system may also be used for a crowd sourcing platform wherein via a cell phone application or other system, users in need of articles to be delivered may ‘hail’ a dispenser to carry out the activity. An application will show the user, the nearest dispenser location and the estimated time of arrival of the dispenser at the desired location. The user may book the dispenser for either collecting articles for delivery to another location, or collecting articles from another location to bring to the user. The user will input the pick-up and drop addresses into the cell phone application, for this purpose. Upon reaching a designated pick-up location, the dispenser will land at the location. With the sensor block being aware of the available/empty compartments, the orifice(s)/shutter(s) adjacent to one of the available/empty compartments will open, and the user can place his/her article in that compartment, after which the corresponding orifice(s)/shutter(s) will shut. In one embodiment, the detachable box at the bottom of the structure may be lowered from a pre-determined height, and the user may place his/her article inside the box after which the box may be raised and may join back with the rest of the structure. Once the user confirms completion of the loading by pressing a designated button on the cell phone app, the dispenser will fly to the drop off location and complete the delivery as described in the earlier sections of this report. The drop off location may be a manually entered address, or be based on the cell phone location of an intended recipient (in which case, it may change from time to time as the recipient moves). The cell phone application may also be integrated into already existing chat applications for users&#39; convenience. 
         [0043]    Another use for the present system may involve the dispenser being pre-loaded with various items, such as medicines, making it a mobile pharmacy. The dispenser may be programmed to correlate each compartment of medicines with a specific ailment. Upon receiving drop requests from users with specific ailments, the dispenser may go to the users&#39; locations, and open the compartment containing medicines pertaining to the said user&#39;s ailment.