Abstract:
A rescue method and apparatus for rescuing or evacuating occupants from high rise buildings or other high structures includes a frame adjacent an escape portion of the high structure; a dynamic resistance device such as an air fan mounted to the frame; and a removable and replaceable cable cartridge, having a pre-wound cable, which is removably and non-rotatably coupled to a rotatable portion of the dynamic resistance device. The cable is connectable to a person to be evacuated. When the person to be evacuated goes out from the escape portion of the high structure, his descending motion causes the cable to unwind with the same linear speed as the descending speed of the person, thus causing the rotatable portion of the dynamic resistance device to rotate and to create resistance to the descending speed of the person, until the descending speed of the person reaches a substantially equilibrium value. After a first person is evacuated, a new cable cartridge is mounted to the dynamic resistance device and the cable thereof is connected to a next person to be evacuated.

Description:
This application is a Continuation-In-Part of Ser. No. 10/011,913 filed Nov. 6, 2001, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,550,576, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. 
     This application also claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/329,390 filed Oct. 15, 2001; 60/329,935 filed Oct. 16, 2001; and No. 60/335,886 filed Oct. 26, 2001, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention relates to a rescue method and apparatus for rescuing occupants from high structures such as high rise buildings, which is highly reliable, always ready to be used, with no preparation, which can rescue many people within a short time, for example, at a time of a fire, and which requires no power supply. 
     The problem of rescuing trapped people from high rise buildings at the time of a fire, explosion, etc., is well-known and has been reemphasized tragically by the events of Sep. 11, 2001. Most of the known rescue systems, such as emergency stairs or fire fighter ladders, cannot be used in the event of major fires, because the flights of emergency stairwells will catch fire first, and fire fighter ladders are not high enough and cannot cross the fire zone. 
     Various systems are known for rescuing occupants from high-rise buildings. One such system, disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,198,880, utilizes a fan mechanism to which a cable is connected. However, this system requires rewinding of the cable after each escape. This is time consuming and impractical when being used for evacuating a large number of people from a high-rise building. 
     Another system using a fan is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,469,196. This system dispenses the cable only once, and has no provisions for renewing the cable. 
     Another single-use device is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,861,496. This system is relatively complex and does not provide for multiple use and therefore cannot rescue many people from a high-rise building within a short period of time. 
     OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION 
     An object of the present invention is to provide a reliable, simple to operate, rescue system that will save many people&#39;s lives at the time of major fires or other disasters. 
     Another object of the invention is to provide such a rescue system which can rescue a large number of people from high structures such as a high-rise building in a relatively short period of time. 
     Still another object of the invention is to provide such a rescue system having replaceable cable cartridges which are relatively inexpensive and which can be quickly changed after a person has been rescued, at a high repetition rate. 
     Yet another object of the invention is to provide such a rescue system which will enable crossing of a fire zone, especially in high-rise buildings. 
     Still another object of the invention is to provide such a rescue system which takes up little space, and which is economical to manufacture, install and maintain. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     A rescue system according to the present invention comprises a frame which is preferably connected to the floor or other structure of a building or other high structure, near an escape portion of the building or other high structure, which escape portion is open or can be easily opened or broken at the time of a fire or other emergency situation that requires evacuation of occupants from the structure; and a fan having a shaft and at least two vanes connected to the shaft. The shaft is rotatably connected to the frame so that fan rotates freely relative to the frame. The shaft coupled to the fan has a connecting portion which removably and non-rotationally connects to a replaceable cable cartridge. The cable cartridge comprises a spool with a coupling portion which mates with the connecting portion of the shaft so as to removably engage the shaft and rotate together with the shaft. That is, the shaft and the spool are interconnected with each other so that they are non-rotatable relative to each other and so that the spool is easily removable after use. A rolled cable (preferably a steel cable of about 3 mm diameter and having a length of at least the height of the building) is wound on the spool which is removably engagable with the connecting portion of the shaft. A rescue belt or harness (such as used in rock climbing, parachuting or the like, for example) is removably connected to the free end of the rolled cable. 
     At the time of a fire or other emergency, the persons to be rescued wear the rescue belt or harness, a first cable cartridge is engaged on the connecting portion of the shaft and the free end of the cable is hooked or otherwise engaged with the rescue belt or harness. The first person jumps or slides out from the escape portion of the structure, and the falling person causes the fan to rotate (via the spool and shaft). The falling speed of the person is limited by the resistance of the rotating fan. The maximum falling speed can be limited to, for example, about 8 m/sec. (which is about equal to the free falling speed from a height of about 3.2 meters). Higher or lower falling speeds can be achieved and used by, for example, appropriately adjusting the fan blades, the size and number of the fan blades and the diameter of the spool of the cable cartridge. 
     When the first rescued person reaches the ground, the cable becomes loose and the spent cable cartridge can be removed from the shaft (by pulling same up, for example) and the spent spool can be replaced by a new one. The second person&#39;s rescue belt or harness is hooked to the free end of the cable of the new cable cartridge and he/she jumps or slides out from the escape portion of the structure. This process is repeated until the last person is rescued. 
     The fan (dynamic resistance device) can be replaced by other dynamic resistance devices, and/or a transmission can couple the rotation of the spool of the cable cartridge thereto. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a rescue system according to the present invention taken along line I—I in FIG. 2, with additional elements and a person being shown in FIG.  1 . 
     FIG. 2 is a sectional view thereof, taken along line II—II in FIG.  1 . 
     FIG. 3 is a sectional view of the cable cartridge, taken along line III—III in FIG.  1 . 
     FIG. 4 is a detailed sectional view of another possible connection between the cable cartridge and the air fan shaft of the present invention. 
     FIG. 5 is a detailed sectional view of an air fan blade of the present invention. 
     FIG. 6 shows the upper end of the fan shaft with a safety pin inserted therein. 
     FIG. 7 shows another interconnection between the fan shaft and the removable cartridge. 
     FIG. 8 is a sectional view, similar to FIG. 1, showing another embodiment of the invention. 
     FIG. 9 is a top view showing the engagement between the shaft and the cable spool. 
     FIG. 10 is a perspective view of another embodiment of a rescue system according to the present invention. 
     FIG. 11 is a sectional view thereof taken along line XI—XI in FIG.  10 . 
     FIG. 12 is a top sectional view thereof taken along line XII—XII in FIG.  11 . 
     FIG. 13 is a side view thereof. 
     FIG. 14 is a side view thereof in the state of use, where the cable is being payed out to the outside of a building, 
     FIG. 15 is a top view with the cable support and guide system extended. 
     FIG. 16 is a side view with the cable support and guidance system in a folded position in the out-of-use state. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The following detailed description is given with respect to escape and/or evacuation from high-rise buildings. However, the rescue systems of the present invention are useful not only for high-rise buildings, but also for boats, control towers, high chimneys, storage tanks and other high structures. The systems of the present invention can also be used for escape and/or evacuation of people or large articles from aircraft such as, for example, helicopters, for example, when a helicopter is hovering over a place to which persons or articles are to be evacuated. 
     Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, the rescue system of the present invention comprises a main frame  15 , preferably made of steel or stainless steel, preferably from profiled steel members such as hollow square □ steel members. The frame elements of frame  15  can be welded together. The main frame  15  is shown as rectangular in shape. Other shapes could be used. The main frame  15  is positioned on the floor  19  against the building&#39;s wall  1  near a window  2  that can be opened or broken to the outside at the time of a fire or other emergency requiring evacuation of the building. The main frame  15  is preferably fixed to a building structure such as the floor of the building or a building wall using concrete screws  30  and connecting plates  21  or by other anchoring members. An air fan (dynamic resistance device) comprises air fan blades  16  coupled to a fan shaft  17  which is mounted to the main frame  15  through an upper bearing  14  and a lower bearing  18 . The air fan has at least two fan blades and preferably has four blades  16  as shown in FIG.  2 . The fan can have three blades or any other desired number. The blades can be connected to the fan shaft by screws or pins or rivets  24  (see FIG. 5) or the like. 
     The bearings  18  and  14  are preferably ball bearings and provide a free rotational motion to the fan. The upper end  10  of the fan shaft  17  extends out from the upper level of the main frame  15 . This extending section  10  of the fan shaft  17  preferably has a square or rectangular shape and has a hole  11  therethrough to be used to receive a removable safety pin  26 , as shown in FIG.  6 . 
     In a typical example, the general dimensions of the main frame of a rescue system of the present invention are preferably about: 
     
       
         100 cm wide×100 cm long×100 cm high.  
       
     
     The preferred dimensions of each fan blade are about 90 cm high×50 cm wide so that the total active area of a 4 blades air fan is: 90×50×4=18,000 cm 2 =1.8 m 2 . The upper end  10  of the air fan shaft  17  is non-round, i.e., in the shape of a square or rectangle, to provide removable non-rotatable engagement between said shaft  17  and the cable cartridge  12 . Other non-round shapes as hexagonal, triangle, oval or any other irregular mating shapes are possible. 
     FIG. 4 shows another type of engagement system between the upper portion  10  of the air fan&#39;s shaft and the cable cartridge  12  in which two or more pins  22  extend upwardly from the upper end of shaft  17  and engage into respective holes  27  in the cartridge spool  23 . The two pins  22  extend from the upper end  10  of the air fan&#39;s shaft  17 . The cable cartridge  23  has two holes  27 , that receive the respective pins  22 , which provides the removable and non-rotatable engagement between the cable cartridge  23  and the air fan&#39;s shaft  17 . Any other type of removable connection which prevents the cartridge from rotating relative to the shaft  17  of the fan can be used. 
     Other connection techniques for connecting the cable cartridge to the fan shaft can be used. For example, as shown in FIG. 7, the cartridge  33  (which is similar to the other cartridges disclosed herein) has a shaft portion  34  extending therefrom, which is non-round (for example square, rectangular, etc.). The fan shaft  17 ′ (similar to the fan shaft  17  described hereinabove) has a mating opening  37  at the upper end thereof which removably receives the projecting portion  34  of the cartridge  33  in a non-rotatable manner. That is, projecting portion  34  mates with receptacle  37  so as to provide a non-rotational coupling between shaft  17 ′ and cartridge  33 . In still another embodiment, member  34  of FIG. 7 could be round (or any other shape) and opening  37  could be round (or any other shape), and a pin (such as pin  26  of FIG. 6) could be provided which projects laterally through the upper end of the shaft  17 ′ and through the member  34  so as to lock members  34  and  17 ′ together in a non-rotational manner. To remove the cartridge after use, the pin must be pulled out, a new cartridge must then be installed and the pin must be replaced. This technique is more complex and may slow down the operation of replacing used cartridges. 
     FIG. 5 shows in detail a possible construction of an air fan blade  16  and its connection to the air fan shaft  17 . The fan blade outer surface  16  is preferably made from steel (or other metal) sheets  16 . A plastic filling  25 , which can be a strong plastic material such as polyurethane material or the like is filled between the steel (or other metal) sheets  16 . Pins, screws or rivets  24  provide the connection between the blade  16  and the projecting connection members of the air fan shaft  17 . 
     FIG. 1 shows the cable cartridge  12  engaged to the square end  10  of the air fan shaft  17 . The rolled cable  13  is wound on the cable cartridge housing  12 . The cable  13  is preferably made from steel wire, preferably about 3 mm in diameter. Other materials (such as nylon) and other diameters can be used, so long as the cable has sufficient strength to safely support a person. The cable  13  is connected at one end to the cartridge housing  12 , while the other free end is connected to a safety hook  7 , such as the type that is used in rock climbing, parachuting or the like. 
     At the time of a rescue operation, after the cable cartridge  12  is engaged with the shaft  11 , the hook  7  is connected to the rescue belt or harness  9  of the person  8 , and then the cable is put out over a guiding roller  4  (connected to the main frame  15  or to the building) and the person to be rescued goes out from the window. The free end of the cable, if desired, can be pre-connected directly to a belt or harness  9 . 
     When the rescued person  8  starts to fall downwardly, his motion causes the cable  13  to move at the same speed and thus causes the cable cartridge spool to rotate accordingly (depending upon its diameter) in order to provide the needed linear dispensing speed to the cable  13 . The rotation of the cable cartridge spool causes the air fan to rotate. In the embodiment of FIG. 1, the rotation speed of the air fan is the same as that of the cable spool, and the linear speed of the air fan blades is higher than the linear speed of the dispensing cable. 
     The following equation can be used to calculate these speeds:          Vblade   Vcable     =     Rblade   Rcable                            
     where: 
     Vcable—is the linear speed of the downwardly falling rescued person 
     Vblade—is the linear speed of the outer (peripheral part of the fan blade). 
     Rcartridge—is the radius of the rolled cable  13  in the cartridge housing  12 . 
     Rblade—is the radius to the outer part of the fan blade.        Vblade   =       Rblade   Rcable     ×   Vcable                            
     if the ratio          Rblade   RCable     =   6                          
     then Vblade=6×Vcable. 
     If the falling speed of the person is 8 meters/sec.=Vcable, then Vblade=6×8=48 meters/second. 
     At this speed level (Vblade=about 48 meters/second), the air fan provides enough resistance to keep the falling speed substantially constant. 
     At this falling person speed of about 8 m/sec, the rescued person can land on the ground safely. A lower or higher speed, can be used. When the first rescued person has landed on the ground, the cable becomes loose (slack) and the cable cartridge  12  can be replaced by a new cable cartridge, and next person is then connected to the cable of the new cable cartridge and is then rescued. This process is repeated until all persons are rescued. Of course, a suitable number (at least as many as the number of people at risk and which should be evacuated) of new cable cartridges are provided and preferably stored in close proximity to the main frame 15 for quick and easy access in an emergency situation. 
     A typical example for the rescuing rate is as follows: 
     H=height of the Building=200 meters. 
     Vcable=falling speed of person=8 m/sec. 
     TRep.=Time to replace a new cable cartridge=5 sec. 
     Tconn.=Time to connect the rescued person=5 sec. 
     The time (T N ) to rescue 20 people (N=20) will be:                T   N     =       N        (       H   Vcable     +     TRep   .                +                TConn   .           )       =                   T   20     =       20        (       200   8     +   5   +   5     )       =       700                   sec   .       =     11.66                   min   .                                        
     20 people can be rescued within less than 12 minutes. 
     According to a second embodiment of the invention shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, rotatable fan  16  is replaced by a mechanism including a dynamic resistance mechanism  15  which can be an oil pump, centrifugal brake system, a water pump, an electric generator, air blower or the like. The dynamic resistance mechanism  15  provides a resistance to rotation which is a function of its rotational speed. That is, the higher the rotation speed, the higher will be the resistance to rotation of the dynamic resistance mechanism. The construction of an apparatus using a dynamic resistance is described below. 
     Referring to FIG. 8, shaft  114  is connected to the frame  111  through bearings  110  (preferably ball bearings) which allow the shaft  114  to rotate relative to the frame  111 . One end  214  of the shaft  114  has a shape which allows the cable cartridge  118  to be removably engaged so that the spool of the cable cartridge  118  is non-rotatable relative to the shaft  114 . The shape of the end  214  of the shaft  114  is preferably square or rectangular but any other shape or form (such as hexagonal, triangular, etc.) which allows removable engagement between end  214  and cartridge  118 , can be used. The opening of the cable cartridge has a mating shape to provide the non-rotational engagement. The safety pin arrangement of FIG. 6 can be used with the embodiment of FIGS. 8 and 9. 
     The shaft  114  is connected to the dynamic resistance device  115  through a transmission  112 ,  113 ,  122 . The transmission  112 ,  113 ,  122  can be made of gears, belt-and-pulleys (as shown in FIG.  8 ), or the like. The belt-and-pulley arrangement of FIG. 8 comprises pulleys  112 ,  113  connected together by a belt  122 . The transmission  112 ,  113 ,  122  preferably has a drive ratio which increases the rotational speed of the dynamic resistance device  115  relative to shaft  114 . A large heat sink  117  is attached to dynamic resistance device  115  to provide cooling to the dynamic resistance device  115  so as to prevent overheating. 
     A typical cooling rate which is needed from the heat sink  117  is mgv, where m=mass of the rescued person (for example, about 100 Kg), g=9.8 (gravity), and v=falling speed of rescued person=8 m/sec. 
     
       
           mgv= 100  kg× 9.8×8  m/sec.= 7,840  watts= 7.84  kw.    
       
     
     At the time of fire or other emergency evacuation from the building, the person  7  to be rescued wears the rescue belt  9 , the cable cartridge  118  is engaged to the shaft  114 , and the cable hook  5  is hooked to the rescue belt  9 . The first person jumps or slides out of the window, his falling causes the cartridge  118  and the shaft  114  to rotate, the transmission  112 ,  113 ,  122  causes the dynamic resistance device  115  to rotate, and the falling speed is limited by the resistance of the dynamic resistance device  115 . The limited falling speed can be about 8 meters/sec, as in the first example above, but higher or lower speeds can be achieved and used. 
     When the first person lands on the ground the cable  3  becomes loose or slack and the cable cartridge  118  can be replaced and the next person can be hooked to the new cable  3  and rescued. This process will be repeated until the last person will be rescued. 
     Another embodiment of the invention, as shown in FIGS. 10-16, comprises a main frame  104  which is generally rectangular in shape, and is made of hollow square steel members which are welded together. Other shapes and other shapes of the steel members could be used. For example, circular, oval or L-shaped steel members could be used to fabricate the frame  104 . As shown in FIG. 11, the main frame  104  is positioned on the floor  119  against the building&#39;s wall  101  near a window  102  that can be opened or broken to outside at the time of a fire or other emergency requiring evacuation of the building. The main frame  104  is preferably fixed to a building structure such as the floor of the building or a building wall using screws (such as screws  30  shown in FIG. 1) and connecting plates  121 , or by other anchoring members. 
     An air fan (dynamic resistance device) comprises air fan blades  116  coupled to a fan shaft or axle  105  which is mounted to the main frame  104  through a front bearing  106  and a rear bearing  108 . The air fan has, in the embodiment shown in the drawings, four fan blades  116 . However, the fan may have less than four or more than four blades, as desired, depending upon the application. The blades are connected to the fan shaft by screws or pins or rivets  124 , or the like. 
     The bearings  106  and  108  are preferably ball-bearings and provide a relatively free rotational motion to the fan. The forward end  109  of the fan shaft  105  extends out from the forward portion of the main frame  104 . This extending section  109  of the fan shaft preferably-has a square or rectangular profile (see FIG. 3) and has a hole (such as hole  11  in FIG. 6) therethrough to be used to receive a removable safety pin  126 , such as pin  26 , shown in FIG.  6 . 
     In a typical example, the general overall dimensions of the main frame of the rescue system of the present invention are preferably about: 35 centimeters wide by 85 centimeters long by 85 centimeters high. 
     The preferred dimensions of each fan blade are about 18×40 cm. 
     In the system of FIGS. 10-16, the cable cartridge  120  is engaged to the square end  109  of the air fan shaft  105 , as shown in FIGS. 10 and 11. The cable  125  is wound on the cable cartridge housing, and it is fed out, as shown in FIGS. 10 and 11. The cable  125  is preferably made from steel wire, preferably about 3 mm in diameter. Other materials (such as nylon) and/or other diameters can be used, so long as the cable has sufficient strength to safely support a person using the escape system. The cable  125  is connected at one end to the cartridge housing  120 , whereas the other free end has a loop or other connection portion  107  for connection to a safety hook or the like which is connected to the person using the escape system, such as shown in FIG.  8 . 
     The system further comprises a pair of cable platform arms  150  which are pivotally connected to support arms  151  which in turn are fixedly connected to the top surface of the main frame  115 . The pivotal connection is, for example, accomplished by means of a long shaft  152  which passes through holes in the platform arms  150  and support arms  151 . Between the support arms  151  is arranged a roller  155  which is rotatably mounted on the long shaft  152 . A cable guide  160  is secured to the top surface of the main frame  115 , for example by bolts  161 . The cable guide  160  is mounted to a plate  162 , which connects to the top surface of the frame  115  via bolts  161 . At the opposite end of the platforms arms is rotatably mounted another roller  170 , with handles  172  at opposite ends thereof (see FIG.  12 ). Additional cross-support members  153  are provided between platform arms  150 . Members  153  provide support for a person on the unit during preparation for escape. A person can sit on the unit during preparation for escape. 
     When the system is not in use, the platform arm assembly is pivoted so that it rests against the front portion of the main frame  115 , as shown in FIG.  13 . When the system is to be used, the platform arm assembly is swung upwardly in the direction of the arrow A in FIG. 13 to assume the position shown in FIGS. 10-12. Then, a cable cartridge  120  is mounted to the shaft portion  109  and locked thereon by means of a locking pin  126  or the like. The cable is then fed upwardly through the cable guide  160  and around roller  155 . A person to be rescued is connected to the loop  107  of the cable and climbs on top of the platform arm assembly, and goes through the window and over the outer roller  170 , which further guides the cable thereon. The person then drops to safety, as described hereinabove. FIG. 12 shows the cable passing over both rollers  155  and  170 , in a “use” condition. 
     After one person escapes, the cable cartridge  120  is removed from the shaft portion  109  and a new cable cartridge is mounted thereon, and the next person to be rescued is connected to the free end of the cable. 
     In situations where the window opening is high, or where the rescue system must be placed spaced from the outer wall of the building, an arrangement such as shown in FIGS. 14-16 is used. In this arrangement, the platform arm assembly includes an additional arm assembly  200  which comprises extension arms  201  which are pivotally connected to the bolt mounting roller  170 , and has a further roller  180  at the free end thereof. The roller  180  is mounted to the extension arms  201  by means of a shaft  181  passing therethrough, as shown in FIG. 15, and a handle  182  is arranged at at least one side thereof to facilitate unfolding of the system. In use, the system may be arranged as shown in FIG. 14, and the cable passes over rollers  155 ,  170  and  180 , as shown in FIG.  14 . 
     Various cross-members  190  and  191  are provided for the extension support arms  201 , to strengthen the structure of the extension arm  200  and to support the person on the unit during preparation for escape. 
     FIG. 16 shows the system of FIGS. 14 and 15 with the platform arm and extension arm in the folded condition, so as to render the device extremely compact when not in use. To place the system in use, the platform arm structure  150  is pivoted upwardly in the direction of arrow C in FIG.  16 . When the structure is pivoted by more than 180 degrees, (past the upstanding vertical position), pivoting continues and the extension arm structure  200  pivots out from arms  150  by gravity (see FIG.  14 ). Then, in the position of FIG. 14, the system is ready for use. The handles  172 ,  182  are provided to facilitate placing the system in the “use” condition of FIG.  14 . If the window is further from the unit, the extension arm structure  200  extends out from the window. 
     The guide member  160  is formed of two pieces with a space  163  between the free ends of the two pieces, as shown in FIG.  10 . The cable  125  can be passed through the guide  160 , or can be slid into the guide  160  through the space  163 . 
     Grill members may be provided on all surfaces of the device to protect users from danger of the spinning blades  116 , and to improve the visual appearance of the device. 
     In situations where the window is not openable, the platform arms  150 , when being pivoted to the operable position (shown in FIGS. 10,  11  and  14 ), can be used to smash against the window and break the window, thereby providing an opening for escape from the structure. Thus, while opening the platform arm to the use position, the window can be broken to speed up the escape operation if the window is a non-opening window or if an openable window is stuck or difficult to open. 
     The system of the present invention does not require a window ledge, such as the window ledge shown in FIG.  14 . When a window ledge is not provided, or when the window ledge is lower than the unit itself, then escape can be accomplished when the unit is in the condition shown in FIGS. 10 and 11 where the platform arm structure is pivoted to its operable position and rests on the upper surface of the fan housing. 
     The rescue systems of the present invention are useful not only for high-rise buildings, but also for boats, control towers, high chimneys, storage tanks and other high structures. The system of the present invention is applicable for escape or evacuation from any or all of these and other high structures. Still further, the systems of the present invention can also be used for evacuation from aircraft such as, for example, helicopters, for example when a helicopter is hovering over a place to which persons or articles are to be evacuated. 
     The two-piece arm structure shown in FIGS. 14-16 renders the device adaptable to many different escape situations, such as for different heights of windows, different heights of window ledges and lengths of window ledges, and the like. 
     An advantage of the embodiment of FIGS. 10-16 is that the upper surface of the apparatus is substantially flat and it is easier for a person to mount himself or herself on the top of the device, connect the cable and jump out of the window. The system is also more compact due to the horizontal arrangement of the fan shaft, and operation is safer due to the fact that the cable cartridge is arranged in a position far from the position where the user mounts the equipment for egress through the window. 
     The fan blades  116  may be inclined slightly, as shown in FIG.  17 . 
     While the invention has been described above with respect to a vertical shaft position (of shafts  17 ,  114 ), other shaft positions such as horizontal or any other desired position or orientation can be used. Moreover, instead of a direct drive between the cable cartridge  12  and the fan shaft  17 , as shown in FIG. 1, the fan of FIG. 1 can be mounted as the dynamic resistance device  115  as shown in FIG. 8 and a gear transmission or belt-and-pulley transmission can be used (as shown in FIG. 8) between the cable cartridge  12  and the rotatable fan shaft  17 . 
     The dynamic resistance device  115  of FIG. 8 can be a fan such as shown in FIG. 1, coupled to transmission  112 ,  113 ,  122 , or can take various other forms. For example, the dynamic resistance device  115  can be a rotary vane compressor, such as the oilless rotary vane compressor Model 6066 Series manufactured by Gast Manufacturing Corporation, Benton Harbor, Mich. 49022. Alternatively, a regenerative blower such as REGENAIR® R7 Series, also manufactured by Gast Air Compressors, can be used. If the R7 Series REGENAIR® device is used, a drive motor therefor is not needed, since the drive shaft of the REGENAIR® R7 Series blower will be coupled to the shaft 123 of FIG. 8 to provide the desired rotation and the air resistance. Other dynamic resistance devices, such as those shown in U.S. Pat. No. 3,198,880, U.S. Pat. No. 4,469,196 and U.S. Pat. No. 3,861,496, for example, can be used as the dynamic resistance device  115  of the present invention. The critical factor in the present invention is the removable cartridge configuration to enable quick and easy replacement of the cartridge after each rescue operation so that a large number of people can be rescued in a relatively short period of time and at a relatively low cost. 
     While the apparatus is shown and described as being used adjacent a window of a building, such as a high-rise building, the apparatus can be used adjacent to a door of a building opening to the outside, or any other opening of a building which enables escape of occupants to the outside of the building. Special openings, or even special break-away wall portions can be used instead of windows. Alternatively, the apparatus can be mounted on a roof or veranda (terrace) of a building. 
     While the invention has been described above with respect to specific structures, various alterations, modifications and substitutions can be made within the scope of the appended claims.