Abstract:
A stringed musical instrument comprises of a headstock with tuners, a neck having a fretboard, a body having a top and back, a saddle with a bridge secured to the body and one or more strings stretched from the headstock over the neck, fretboard, and over a portion of the top of the body to contact points on the bridge saddle. The instrument is further provided with a means for adjusting the saddles up or down in any interval to change individual string action height while the saddles maintain full contact to the body of the instrument without the employment of inferior air gaps between the bottom of the string and the instrument&#39;s body. The elimination of air gaps under the instrument&#39;s saddle or bridge offer improved sonic sustain and enhanced musical tone.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     The present application is a national stage filing under section 371 of International Application No. PCT/US10/21,025,filed on Jan. 14, 2010, and published in English on Jul. 22, 2010, as WO 2010/083295, and claims priority to Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/205,015 filed 15 Jan. 2009. The entire disclosure of these applications are incorporated herein by reference and the benefit of the filing dates are claimed herein as well. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention relates to an adjustable string height mechanism for stringed musical instruments which provides full contact from the string to the body of the instrument. 
     DESCRIPTION OF PRIOR ART 
     Stringed musical instruments normally include the following elements: a headstock with tuners; a neck with fingerboard or fretboard; a body; a bridge secured to the body including a saddle; and one or more strings stretched from the headstock over the neck fingerboard and over a portion of the body to contact points on the bridge saddle. For further clarification, the invention herein applies to stringed musical instruments with a fingerboard or a fretboard, and these terms will be used interchangeably 
     The height of the strings relative to the neck and its fretboard playing surface is generally referred to as “string action” or “action”. Certain musicians prefer to have a small distance between the fretboard and string, or “low” action, which is desired for ease of fingering, while others prefer a “higher” action to avoid fret buzzing and improved musical note clarity. Action is subject to personal preference and can have a major effect on performance. Providing a musical instrument with adjustable action is desirable for utmost performance flexibility. 
     The invention disclosed herein is directed to a string instrument having adjustable bridge saddles positioned in a bridge, and for total adjustment flexibility, one saddle per string is preferred. The saddle should be made from rigid material such as metal or a hard polymer to aid mechanical movement, and to provide a high level of durability. The choice of saddle material can also have an effect on the tonal and sustaining response of the vibrating string. 
     The invention includes a mechanism for adjusting the individual string action height while the saddle/saddle housing maintains full and firm contact to the instrument&#39;s body. Providing saddles with full contact to the body is advantageous, as this eliminates air gaps between the string and body of the instrument. These undesirable gaps can rob positive string vibration transfer to the body, and gaps also reduce desirable musical sustain. 
     The industry standard saddle design often includes individual string height or whole bridge adjustments for utmost player action preference, but lacks a full contact to the body feature as disclosed herein. Examples of undesirable gaps between the string saddle or bridge and the instrument&#39;s body can be found in the following U.S. patents: Clarence L. Fender, U.S. Pat. No. 2,741,146, and T. M. McCarty U.S. Pat. No. 2,740,313. 
     In the Fender design, individual strips of metal are bent into shape with the strings resting in a groove on each saddle ( FIG. 2  items  19 ,  21  and  22 ). To adjust the string action height, one would turn set screws ( 23 ) mounted in the saddles which make contact to the bridge base, therefore increasing or decreasing the height of the saddle, along with the string. The drawback to this design is the only means of desirable sound transference from the vibrating string to the body of the instrument is through the tiny point of each small set screw ( 23 ). This design also leaves large air gaps between the bottom of the saddle and top of the guitars&#39; body, robbing musical sustain from the instrument. 
     The McCarty invention employs a floating bridge member which holds individual saddles ( FIGS. 2 and 3 ). Two threaded mounting posts ( 11 ) intersect the bridge member ( 13 ) and the body ( 9 ) of the instrument. When turned, the threaded post drives the bridge up or down which in turn increase or decrease the instrument&#39;s string height action. The disadvantage to this design is the only tonal transference of string vibrations is via the two small posts ( 11 ). Also with this design, the bottom of the floating bridge to the top of the instrument&#39;s body leaves massive air gaps, which in turn rob essential and desirable musical tone and sustain from the instrument. 
     Consequently, it is highly desirable to have string saddles which are individually adjustable for string action height in infinite variables, all the while maintaining full contact to the instrument&#39;s body. Full contact forms a much desired string-to-body direct coupling system. 
     SUMMARY 
     Accordingly, a primary object of the present invention disclosed herein is to improve musical sustain and tone without compromising any number of individual variable string action height adjustment settings. It is advantageous to have individual, full string height adjustability while the saddle maintains firm contact to the instrument&#39;s body at the same time eliminating all air gaps between the string and the instrument&#39;s top, of which the invention presented within demonstrates. 
     These and other objects, features, and advantages are accomplished in accordance with the teachings of the present invention, one illustrative embodiment of which comprises a stringed musical instrument which includes a headstock with tuners; a neck having a fretboard, a body having a top and back, a saddle secured to the body; and one or more strings stretched from the headstock over the neck and fretboard, and over a portion of the top of the body to a contact point on the bridge saddle. In accordance with the invention, the instrument is provided with an adjustable saddle wherein, when adjusted, the string height changes relative to the neck, fretboard and body in infinite variables without employing air gap between the string and the instrument&#39;s body. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING 
       Other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following detailed descriptions and accompany drawings, wherein: 
         FIG. 1  is a perspective view of a stringed instrument incorporating the features of the present invention. In this embodiment the musical instrument shown is, but not limited to, a guitar. 
         FIG. 2  shows an enlarged perspective view of the bridge assembly, which includes individual saddle assemblies that incorporate a saddle for adjusting the instrument&#39;s string action height. 
         FIG. 3  is a top view of the saddle assembly. The saddle housing, saddle, string height, and saddle lock screws are visible, along with the intonation adjustment screw. 
         FIG. 4  is a side left view of the saddle assembly. The saddle housing, saddle, and string height adjustment screw are visible, along with the intonation adjustment screw. 
         FIG. 5  is a front view of the saddle assembly. The saddle housing and the saddle are visible. 
         FIG. 6  is a side right view of the saddle assembly. The saddle housing, saddle, and saddle lock screw are visible, along with the intonation adjustment screw. 
         FIG. 7  is a side left, transparent view of the saddle. The lever portion of the saddle is visible. 
         FIG. 8  is a front transparent view of the saddle. The string groove is shown, along with the saddle centering notch. 
         FIG. 9  is a side right, transparent view of the saddle. 
         FIG. 10  is a side view of the saddle assembly mounted to a bridge plate with the intonation adjustment screw engaged and a string installed. Using the saddle height adjustment screw, the saddle is adjusted with the string height set at its lowest string action height setting. 
         FIG. 11  is a side view of the saddle assembly mounted to the bridge base with the intonation adjustment screw engaged and a string installed. Using the saddle height adjustment screw, the saddle is adjusted with the string height set at its highest string action height setting. 
         FIG. 12  shows a perspective front view of the saddle assembly with an alternate “exposed string” design in which an area of the string is exposed at the exact point where the string makes contact with the saddle. The exposed strings allow the playing musician to rest the palm of the hand directly on the strings, near the bridge and mute or dampen the sustaining, or ringing effect of the strings if desired. 
         FIG. 13  shows a perspective back view of the saddle assembly with an alternate “exposed string” design in which an area of the string is exposed at the exact point where the string makes contact with the saddle. The exposed strings allow the playing musician to rest the palm of the hand directly on the strings, near the bridge and mute, or dampen the sustaining, or ringing effect of the strings if desired. 
         FIG. 14  details a perspective view of an alternate “two stud bridge” variation of the invention using two threaded studs to mount the bridge assembly to the instrument&#39;s body. Further illustrated is the incorporation of a connecting plate which allows the bridge plate to make direct contact with the instrument&#39;s body. 
         FIG. 15  shows a perspective view of the two stud mount bridge installed on an instrument&#39;s body with strings installed in the saddle assemblies. 
         FIG. 16  shows an enlarged side section view of the two stud mount bridge illustrating how the string makes direct contact to the instrument&#39;s body through the bridge assembly. This view further depicts the use of the connecting plate which is sandwiched between the bridge plate and the instrument&#39;s body; thusly completing string-to-body direct coupling continuity, which improves musical tone and sustain. 
         FIG. 17  details a perspective view of a common, and industry standard adjustable saddle assembly. This illustration demonstrates the presence of air gaps and voids between the string and the instrument&#39;s body. 
         FIG. 18  is a perspective view of the new invention as described herein which illustrates direct coupling of the string to the instrument&#39;s body. 
         FIG. 19  depicts a perspective view of an alternate adaptation to the invention. This incarnation reveals how the same design features can be applied to an elongated saddle and saddle housing, whereby a multitude of string heights can be adjusted, then locked simultaneously, all the while maintaining full contact to the instrument&#39;s body. 
         FIG. 20  depicts a perspective view of an alternate adaptation to the invention as described in  FIG. 19 , including the string installed into the saddle string grooves. 
         FIG. 21  illustrates a perspective view of a design variant which allows for a rotatable pin, moveably fitted in the housing, which acts as a receptor for the intonation adjustment screw. This allows the intonation adjustment screw to align and engage with intonation screw holes of variable positions found on the bridge plate. 
         FIGS. 22-23  show side view comparisons of the high and low intonation screw hole position variables potentially found on bridge plates. Also shown is the intonation adjustment screw properly rotated and engaged with the intonation screw hole in either the high or low position. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     Referring to  FIG. 1  of the drawing; illustrated is a stringed musical instrument  1 A. The particular instrument shown is a guitar; however the invention is equally applicable to other stringed instruments such as, but not limited to: the mandolin, banjo, bass, ukulele, and/or the bowed family of instruments. Instrument  1 A is seen as including: a headstock  1  with tuning pegs or tuners  2 , a neck  7  with fingerboard or fretboard  3  having frets  4  and a body  5 , with saddle assemblies  20  secured to the top of a bridge  8 . With the body  5 , one or more strings  6  are stretched from the headstock  1  over the neck  7  and fretboard  3  and over a portion of the top of the body  5  to contact points on the bridge saddle  10 . 
     The invention is concerned with adjustment of the height of the strings  6 , individually, and relative to the neck  7 , its fretboard  3 , and body  5 , (commonly referred to as the string&#39;s “action”) while maintaining full contact to the instruments body  5 . 
       FIG. 2  illustrates the primary subject of the invention, the saddle  10 , and the saddle housing  9 , in turn making up a saddle assembly  20 . 
       FIG. 3-11  demonstrate embodiments of how the new invention here within works.  FIGS. 10 and 11  show a side cross section enlargement view of the saddle invention. In this example; to use the saddle height adjustment feature, one would first install a string  6  by threading it through a hole  5 A in the instrument body  5 , passing the string through a hole in the bridge plate  13 A, then onto the string groove  10 A found in the saddle  10 , then connect the string to the instrument&#39;s tuner  2 . Then to make individual string action height adjustments one would loosen the locking set screw  12 ,  FIGS. 3 and 6 , and then turn the height adjustment screw  11 ,  FIGS. 3 and 4 , to raise the leading edge of the string groove  10 A up or down, which in turn raises or lowers the string  6 . Once the desired string action height is achieved, and to complete the adjustment, the saddle  10  is locked into place by turning the locking set screw  12 , mounted in the saddle housing  9 , into the saddle centering notch  10 B found on the saddle  10  as seen in  FIGS. 3 ,  6 , and  8 . 
       FIG. 7  shows a left side view  10 L, of the saddle  10 , which includes a serpentine shaped recess lever portion  10 C. It is desired to have the saddle  10  fit into the saddle housing  9  snugly, but with enough clearance to allow the saddle  10  to rotate in the saddle housing  9 .  FIG. 8  also shows a saddle centering notch  10 B cut into the saddle  10 , which when engaged with the saddle locking set screw  12 ,  FIG. 6 , prevents the saddle  10  from shifting sided-to-side, or from rotating in the saddle housing  9 . 
       FIG. 10  shows a side view cross section of the height adjustment screw  11  turned outward, and the end of the screw  11  is engaged with the recess lever  10 C. In this position the leading edge of the string groove  10 A holds the string  6  in its lowest action height setting. Conversely,  FIG. 11  shows the height adjustment screw  11  turned inward, pushing on the recess lever  10 C, which in turn allows encapsulated saddle  10  to rotate in the saddle housing  9  upward, therefore moving the leading edge of the string groove  10 A, and the string  6  upward in unison. The string height adjustment range is shown as item  16 , found in  FIG. 11 . 
     As demonstrated in  FIGS. 10 and 11 , it is important to note that throughout the entire string height adjustment range  16 ; as the saddle  10  rotates in saddle housing  9 , the string  6  always makes contact with the saddle  10 , which in turn makes full contact with the saddle housing  9 , which in turn makes full contact with the bridge plate  13 , which is mounted directly to the instrument&#39;s body  5 . This method insures the utmost positive string vibration transfer to the instrument&#39;s body  5  and insures utmost sonic sustain with improved tonal response of the vibrating string  6 . 
     It may be desirable to have the saddle assembly  20 ,  FIGS. 10 and 11 , equipped with a fine adjustment intonation screw  14 , which can be affixed to a bridge plate  13 , and can thread into the saddle housing  9 . When the intonation screw  14  is turned, the saddle assembly  20  moves parallel with the strings  6 , therefore desirably changing the string  6  scale length. 
       FIGS. 12 and 13  show an alternate exposed at  17  string  6  design whereas the top of the saddle  10 , and saddle housing  9  has minimal material removed to expose at  17  the string  6  at the point of the leading edge of the saddle  10 , for facilitating what is commonly called “palm muting” (the exposed strings allow the playing musician to rest the palm of the hand directly on the strings near the bridge and mute, or dampen sustain of the strings) playing techniques. Note that though material is removed from the top of the saddle  10  and the top of the saddle housing  9 ; overall integrity, adjustment, and sonic character the invention remain fully intact. 
       FIGS. 14 and 15  illustrate an alternate two stud bridge  18  embodiment which incorporates the newly disclosed invention. Included are two threaded mounting studs  19 , which pass through recesses in the bridge plate  13  and securely attach to the instrument&#39;s body  5 . The saddle assemblies  20  sit securely atop of the bridge plate  13 , and may utilize intonation adjustment screws  14 , and for added stability, saddle assembly  20  locking screws  21 . As it is desirable to employ a direct string-to-body coupling method,  FIG. 16  also illustrates the use of a connecting plate  22 , which can be affixed to the bottom of the bridge plate  13 , through various methods. In this embodiment, the connection plate  22  is affixed to the bridge plate  13  via two fasteners  23 . 
       FIG. 15  reveals the two stud bridge  18 , affixed to the instrument&#39;s body  5  with strings  6  installed. 
       FIG. 16  further reveals the string-to-body direct coupling method in which the vibrating string  6  rests in the string groove  10 A located in the saddle  10 , which in turn; the solid portion at the bottom of the saddle  10  makes contact with the solid portion in the bottom of the saddle housing  9 , which in turn makes firm contact with the bridge plate  13 , which in turn makes contact with the connecting plate  22 , which contacts the instrument&#39;s body  5 .  FIG. 16  also illustrates the two stud bridge  18  firmly attached to the instrument&#39;s body  5  via the threaded mounting studs  19 . 
     To further convey the significance of the new invention,  FIGS. 17-18  show a side by side comparison of a typical, industry standard saddle assembly  24 , compared to the new full contact saddle assembly  20  as disclosed in the invention herein. Note how the industry standard saddle assembly  24 , found in  FIG. 17 , employs small screws  25  to adjust the string action height. This method creates undesired air gaps  26  between the vibrating string  6 , the bridge plate  13 , and the instrument&#39;s body  5 . The only means of positive string vibration transference to the instrument&#39;s body  5  is through minimal contact points  27  found at the bottom of the set screws  25 . 
     In contrast to  FIG. 17 ,  FIG. 18  illustrates the invention herein, which demonstrates the incorporation of a solid and stable mass  27  between the vibrating string  6  and the body  5  of the instrument. To improve musical sustain and tonality, it is most desirable to have a solid and stable, yet fully adjustable mass  27  between the vibrating string  6  and the body of the instrument  5 . 
       FIGS. 19 and 20  reveal an alternate design to the disclosed invention presented herein, in which the saddle  10  can include two or more string grooves  10 A, for receiving more than one string  6 . The saddle housing  9  can be altered in length to accommodate a saddle  10  of varying lengths, which is determined by the number of strings to be positioned in the saddle  10 . As in the aforementioned single string saddle assembly  20 , the height adjustment screw  11 , and the locking set screw  12 , perform in the same manner as does the intonation screw  14 , and the saddle assembly locking screw  21 .  FIGS. 19 and 20  also reveal that full contact between the vibrating strings  6 , and the instruments body  5  is maintained regardless of the saddle assembly  20  length, or how many strings  6  can be simultaneously adjusted for string action height  16 . 
       FIG. 21-23  illustrate another design feature in accordance with the teachings of the present invention, wherein the housing  9  holds a rotatable pin  28  which has a threaded hole and therefore can be the recipient of the intonation adjustment screw  14 . This design allows the intonation adjustment screw  14  to move up or down freely and locate with the intonation screw hole  29  found on bridge plate  13 . This feature is desirable because the intonation screw hole  29  positions often fluctuate in height due to variables in the manufacturing process of the bridge plate  13 . 
       FIGS. 22 and 23  further illustrate the above by detailing a side by side comparison.  FIG. 22  shows the intonation adjustment screw  14  engaged with the intonation screw hole  29  which is in a nominal high position  30 . In contrast,  FIG. 23  shows the intonation adjustment screw  14  engaged with the intonation screw hole  29  which is in a nominal low position  31 .