Abstract:
This invention encompasses compounds of the formula ##STR1## and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof wherein X 1 , X 2 , X 3  represent organic or inorganic substituents, n is 1, 2, or 3, R 1  -R 4  are hydrogen or organic substituents, and B is nitrogen, carbon, sulfur or oxygen, useful in the diagnosis and treatment of feeding disorders such as obesity and bulimia and cardiovascular diseases such as essential hypertension and congestive heart failure due to the binding of these compounds to human Neuropeptide Y1 receptors.

Description:
This application claims priority from Provision Patent Application 06/022,329 filed Jul. 23, 1996. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     This invention relates to certain substituted benzylamine derivatives which selectively bind to mammalian Neuropeptide Y1 (NPY1) receptors. This invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds. It further relates to the use of such compounds and compositions in treating physiological disorders associated with an excess of Neuropeptide Y, especially feeding disorders and certain cardiovascular diseases. 
     2. Description of the Related Art 
     Neuropeptide Y, a peptide first isolated in 1982, is widely distributed in the central and peripheral neurons and is responsible for a multitude of biological effects in the brain and the periphery. Various animal studies have shown that activation of Neuropeptide Y1 receptors is related to vasoconstriction, Wahlestedt et al., Regul. Peptides, 13: 307-318 (1986), McCauley and Westfall, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 261: 863-868 (1992), and Grundemar et al., Br. J. Pharmacol. 105: 45-50 (1992); and to stimulation of consummatory behavior, Flood and Morley, Peptides, 10: 963-966 (1989), Leibowitz and Alexander, Peptides, 12: 1251-1260 (1991), and Stanley et al., Peptides, 13: 581-587 (1992). 
     Grundemar and Hakanson, TiPS, May 1994 [Vol. 15], 153-159, state that, in animals, Neuropeptide Y is a powerful stimuli of food intake, and an inducer of vasoconstriction leading to hypertension. They further point out that low levels of Neuropeptide Y is associated with loss of appetite. These reports clearly indicate that compounds that inhibit the activity of this protein will reduce hypertension and appetite in animals. 
     The following representative substituted benzylamines of the present invention. ##STR2## 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Compounds that interact with NPY1 receptors and inhibit the activity of Neuropeptide Y at those receptors are useful in treating physiological disorders associated with an excess of Neuropeptide Y, especially eating disorders such as, for example, obesity and bulimia, and certain cardiovascular diseases, such as, for example, hypertension. This invention provides novel compounds of Formula I which selectively bind to Neuropeptide Y1 (NPY1) receptors. 
     The novel compounds encompassed by the instant invention can be described by general Formula I: ##STR3## wherein one of X 1 , X 2 , and X 3  is: ##STR4## and the remaining members of the group of X 1 , X 2 , and X 3  are hydrogen; and 
     W is H or straight or branched chain lower alkyl having 1-6 carbon atoms; 
     Y is Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen or Sulfur; and 
     when Y is carbon: 
     Z═Z&#39;═H; or Z&#39;═H and Z is: ##STR5## 
     hydroxy, straight or branched chain lower alkoxy having 1-6 carbon atoms, amino, mono or disubstituted straight or branched chain lower alkylamino; or 
     Z and Z&#39; together may represent --O--(CH 2 ) m  --O-- where m-=2 or 3; 
     when Y is nitrogen: 
     Z═Z&#39;═H; or Z&#39;═H; and Z is straight or a branched chain lower alkyl having 1-6 carbon atoms. 
     Ar is an aryl group preferably selected from the group consisting of phenyl, 2-, 3-, or 4-pyridyl, 2- or 3-thienyl, 2-, 4- or 5-pyrimidyl, each of which is optionally mono- or disubstituted with halogen, hydroxy, or straight or branched chain lower alkyl having 1-6 carbon atoms; 
     B is sulfur, oxygen, N(R 5 ) or C(R 5 )(R 6 ); 
     n is 1, 2, or 3; 
     R 1  and R 2  are the same or different and represent hydrogen, or straight or branched chain lower alkyl having 1-6 carbon atoms; 
     R 3  and R 4  are the same or different and represent hydrogen, straight or branched chain lower alkyl having 1-6 carbon atoms, or straight or branched chain lower alkoxy having 1-6 carbon atoms; 
     R 5  represents straight or branched chain lower alkyl having 1-6 carbon atoms, phenyl, 2-, 3-, or 4-pyridyl, or phenyl, 2-, 3-, or 4-pyridyl straight or branched chain lower alkyl having 1-6 carbon atoms; and 
     R 6  represents hydrogen, hydroxyl, amino, straight or branched chain lower alkyl having 1-6 carbon atoms, straight or branched chain lower alkoxy having 1-6 carbon atoms, phenyl, 2-, 3-, or 4-pyridyl, phenoxy, 2-, 3-, or 4-pyridyloxy, or 
     --(CH 2 ) r ,--A&#39;--(CH 2 ) q  --B&#39; where 
     r is 0-5, q is 1-5, and A&#39; is a direct bond, oxygen or sulfur, and 
     B&#39; is hydrogen, straight or branched chain lower alkyl having 1-6 carbon atoms, straight or a branched chain lower alkoxy having 1-6 carbon atoms, phenyl, 2-, 3-, or 4-pyridyl, phenoxy, 2-, 3-, or 4-pyridyloxy, carboxyl, carboalkoxy, carboxamido, mono or dialkylcarboxamido, amino, or mono or dialkylamino. 
     Preferred compounds according to Formula I are those where Ar is optionally substituted phenyl, pyrimidinyl or pyridyl, B is carbon optionally substituted with phenyl or alkyl, and R 1  -R 4  are hydrogen. Particularly, preferred compounds or Formula I are those where Ar is phenyl, pyrimidinyl or pyridyl, B is carbon optionally substituted with phenyl or alkyl, and R 1  -R 4  are hydrogen. 
     The invention also relates to compounds of Formula IA: ##STR6## where 
     Ar is phenyl, 2-, 3-, or 4-pyridyl, 2- or 3-thienyl, 2-, 4- or 5-pyrimidyl, each of which is optionally mono- or disubstituted with halogen, hydroxy, or straight or branched chain lower alkyl having 1-6 carbon atoms; 
     wherein one of X 1 , X 2  and X 3  and is: ##STR7## and the remaining members of the group of X 1 , X 2 , and X 3  are hydrogen; and 
     W is H or straight or branched chain lower alkyl having 1-6 carbon atoms; 
     Y is Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen or Sulfur; 
     when Y is carbon: 
     Z═Z&#39;═H; or Z&#39;═H and Z is: ##STR8## 
     hydroxy, straight or branched chain lower alkoxy having 1-6 carbon atoms, amino, mono or disubstituted straight or branched chain lower alkylamino; or 
     Z and Z&#39; together may represent --O--(CH 2 ) m  --O-- where m=2 or 3; 
     when Y is nitrogen: 
     Z is hydrogen or straight or branched chain lower alkyl having 1-6 carbon atoms; and Z&#39; is nothing. 
     R 1  and R 2  are the same or different and represent hydrogen, or straight or branched chain lower alkyl having 1-6 carbon atoms; 
     R 3  and R 4  are the same or different and represent hydrogen, straight or branched chain lower alkyl having 1-6 carbon atoms, or straight or branched chain lower alkoxy having 1-6 carbon atoms; and 
     R 9  represents hydrogen, straight or branched chain lower alkyl having 1-6 carbon atoms, phenyl. 
     The invention further encompasses compounds of Formula II: ##STR9## where R 7  and R 8  are different and represent hydrogen or Fluorine; 
     R 9  represents hydrogen, straight or branched chain lower alkyl having 1-6 carbon atoms, phenyl; 
     wherein one of X 1 , X 2 , and X 3  is: ##STR10## and the remaining members of the group of X 1 , X 2 , and X 3  are hydrogen; and 
     W is H or straight or branched chain lower alkyl having 1-6 carbon atoms; 
     Y is Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen or Sulfur; 
     when Y is carbon: 
     Z═Z&#39;═H; or Z&#39;═H and Z is: ##STR11## hydroxy, straight or branched chain lower alkoxy having 1-6 carbon atoms, amino, mono or disubstituted straight or branched chain lower alkylamino; or 
     Z and Z&#39; together may represent --O--(CH 2 ) m  --O-- where m=2 or 3; and 
     when Y is nitrogen: 
     Z is hydrogen or straight or branched chain lower alkyl having 1-6 carbon atoms and Z&#39; is nothing. 
     The invention also relates to compounds of Formula III: ##STR12## where 
     Ar is phenyl, 2-, 3-, or 4-pyridyl, 2- or 3-thienyl, 2-, 4- or 5-pyrimidyl, each of which is optionally mono- or disubstituted with halogen, hydroxy, or straight or branched chain lower alkyl having 1-6 carbon atoms; 
     R 9  represents hydrogen, straight or branched chain lower alkyl having 1-6 carbon atoms, or phenyl; 
     wherein one of X 1 , X 2 , and X 3  is: ##STR13## and the remaining members of the group of X 1 , X 2 , and X 3  are hydrogen; and 
     W is H or straight or branched chain lower alkyl having 1-6 carbon atoms; 
     Y is Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen or Sulfur; 
     when Y is carbon: 
     Z═Z&#39;═H; or Z&#39;═H and Z is: ##STR14## 
     hydroxy, straight or branched chain lower alkoxy having 1-6 carbon atoms, amino, mono or disubstituted straight or branched chain lower alkylamino; or 
     Z and Z&#39; together may represent --O--(CH 2 ) m  --O-- where m=2 or 3; 
     when Y is nitrogen: 
     Z is hydrogen or straight or branched chain lower alkyl having 1-6 carbon atoms; 
     Representative compounds of the present invention, which are encompassed by Formula I-III, include, but are not limited to the compounds in FIG. 1 and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts. Non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable salts include salts of acids such as hydrochloric, phosphoric, hydrobromic, sulfuric, sulfinic, formic, toluene sulfonic, hydroiodic, acetic and the like. Those skilled in the art will recognize a wide variety of non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable addition salts. 
     The present invention also encompasses the acylated prodrugs of the compounds of Formula I-III. Those skilled in the art will recognize various synthetic methodologies which may be employed to prepare non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable addition salts and acylated prodrugs of the compounds encompassed by Formula I-III. 
     The invention encompasses both diasteriomers of the compounds having 1,4-substitution on the cyclohexane ring, i.e., the invention encompasses both cis-, and trans-1,4-cyclohexanes. Preferred compounds of the invention having 1,4-substitution on the cyclohexane ring are those where the nitrogen atom forming the piperazine ring and the alkyl or phenyl group in the 4-position of the cyclohexane ring are &#34;cis&#34; with respect to each other. Thus, preferred compounds of the invention having such substitution are those that are cis-1-piperazinyl-4-alkyl or phenylyclohexanes. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     By &#34;aryl&#34; and &#34;Ar&#34; is meant an aromatic carbocyclic group having a single ring (e.g., phenyl), multiple rings (e.g., biphenyl), or multiple condensed rings in which at least one is aromatic, (e.g., 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthyl, naphthyl, anthryl, or phenanthryl), which can optionally be unsubstituted or substituted with e.g., halogen, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, lower alkylthio, trifluoromethyl, lower acyloxy, aryl, heteroaryl, and hydroxy. 
     By &#34;alkyl&#34; and &#34;lower alkyl&#34; is meant straight and branched chain alkyl groups having from 1-6 carbon atoms. 
     By &#34;lower alkoxy&#34; and &#34;alkoxy&#34; is meant straight and branched chain alkoxy groups having from 1-6 carbon atoms. 
     By &#34;halogen&#34; is meant fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine. 
     The pharmaceutical utility of compounds of this invention is indicated by the following assay for human NPY1 receptor activity. 
     As the compounds of Formula I are effective Neuropeptide Y1 receptor antagonists, these compounds are of value in the treatment of a wide variety of clinical conditions which are characterized by the presence of an excess of Neuropeptide Y. Thus, the invention provides methods for the treatment or prevention of a physiological disorder associated with an excess of Neuropeptide Y, which method comprises administering to a mammal in need of said treatment an effective amount of a compound of Formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof. The term &#34;physiological disorder associated with an excess of Neuropeptide Y&#34; encompasses those disorders associated with an inappropriate stimulation of Neuropeptide Y receptors, regardless of the actual amount of neuropeptide Y present in the locale. 
     These physiological disorders may include: 
     disorders or diseases pertaining to the heart, blood vessels or the renal system, such as vasospasm, heart failure, shock, cardiac hypertrophy increased blood pressure, angina, myocardial infarction, sudden cardiac death, arrhythmia, peripheral vascular disease, and abnormal renal conditions such as impaired flow of fluid, abnormal mass transport, or renal failure; 
     conditions related to increased sympathetic nerve activity for example, during or after coronary artery surgery, and operations and surgery in the gastrointestinal tract; 
     cerebral diseases and diseases related to the central nervous system, such as cerebral infarction, neurodegeneration, epilepsy, stroke, and conditions related to stroke, cerebral vasospasm and hemorrhage, depression, anxiety schizophrenia, and dementia; 
     conditions related to pain or nociception; 
     diseases related to abnormal gastrointestinal motility and secretion, such as different forms of ileus, urinary incontinence, and Crohn&#39;s disease; 
     abnormal drink and food intake disorders, such as obesity, anorexia, bulimia, and metabolic disorders; 
     diseases related to sexual dysfunction and reproductive disorders; 
     conditions or disorders associated with inflammation; 
     respiratory diseases, such as asthma and conditions related to asthma and bronchoconstriction; and 
     diseases related to abnormal hormone release, such as leutinizing hormone, growth hormone, insulin, and prolactin. See U.S. Pat. No. 5,504,094. 
     The pharmaceutical utility of compounds of this invention is indicated by the following assay for human NPY1 receptor activity. 
     Assay for Human NPY1 Receptor Binding Activity 
     Membrane Preparation 
     Baculovirus-infected Sf9 cells expressing recombinant human NPY Y1 receptors were harvested at 42-48 hours at which time batches of 500 mL of cell suspension were pelleted by centrifugation. Each pellet was resuspended in 30 mL of lysis buffer (10 mM HEPES, 250 mM sucrose, 0.5 μg/ml leupeptin, 2 μg/ml Aprotonin, 200 μM PMSF and 2.5 mM EDTA, pH 7.4) and gently homogenized by 50 strokes using a dounce homogenizer. The homogenate was centrifuged at 4° C. for 10 minutes at 536×g to pellet the nuclei. The supernatant was collected into a fresh tube and centrifuged twice in the same buffer at 48,000×g for 40 minutes. The final pellet was resuspended in 10 mL of PBS containing 5 mM EDTA by dounce homogenization and stored in aliquots at -80° C. 
     [ 125  |]PYY Binding Assay 
     Purified membranes were washed by PBS and resuspended by gentle pipetting in binding buffer [50 mM Tris(HCl), 5 mM KCl, 120 mM NaCl, 2 mM CaCl 2 , 1 mM MgCl 2 , 0.1% bovine serum albumin (BSA), pH 7.4]. Membranes (5 μg) were added to siliconized (Sigmacote, Sigma) polypropylene tubes in addition to 0.050 nM [ 125  |] PYY for (porcine) for competition analysis or 0.010-0500 nM [ 125  |] PYY (porcine) for saturation analysis. For evaluation of guanine nucleotide effects on receptor affinity, GTP was added at a final concentration of 100 μM. Cold displacers were added at concentrations ranging from 10 31  12 M to 10 -6  M to yield a final volume of 0.250 mL. Nonspecific binding was determined in the presence of 1 μM NPY(human) and accounted for less than 10% of total binding. Following a 2 hour incubation at room temperature, the reaction was terminated by rapid vacuum filtration. Samples were filtered over presoaked GF/C Whatman filters (1.0% polyethylenemine for 2 hours) and rinsed 2 times with 5 mLs cold binding buffer lacking BSA. Remaining bound radioactivity was measured by gamma counting. To estimate the Bmax, Kd and Ki, the results of binding experiments were analyzed using SigmaPlot software (Jandel). 
     The compounds of general Formula I may be administered orally, topically, parenterally, by inhalation or spray or rectally in dosage unit formulations containing conventional non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, adjuvants and vehicles. The term parenteral as used herein includes subcutaneous injections, intravenous, intramuscular, intrasternal injection or infusion techniques. In addition, there is provided a pharmaceutical formulation comprising a compound of general Formula I and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. One or more compounds of general Formula I may be present in association with one or more non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable carriers and/or diluents and/or adjuvants and if desired other active ingredients. The pharmaceutical compositions containing compounds of general Formula I may be in a form suitable for oral use, for example, as tablets, troches, lozenges, aqueous or oily suspensions, dispersible powders or granules, emulsion, hard or soft capsules, or syrups or elixirs. 
     Compositions intended for oral use may be prepared according to any method known to the art for the manufacture of pharmaceutical compositions and such compositions may contain one or more agents selected from the group consisting of sweetening agents, flavoring agents, coloring agents and preserving agents in order to provide pharmaceutically elegant and palatable preparations. Tablets contain the active ingredient in admixture with non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable excipients which are suitable for the manufacture of tablets. These excipients may be for example, inert diluents, such as calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, lactose, calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate; granulating and disintegrating agents, for example, corn starch, or alginic acid; binding agents, for example starch, gelatin or acacia, and lubricating agents, for example magnesium stearate, stearic acid or talc. The tablets may be uncoated or they may be coated by known techniques to delay disintegration and absorption in the gastrointestinal tract and thereby provide a sustained action over a longer period. For example, a time delay material such as glyceryl monosterate or glyceryl distearate may be employed. 
     Formulations for oral use may also be presented as hard gelatin capsules wherein the active ingredient is mixed with an inert solid diluent, for example, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate or kaolin, or as soft gelatin capsules wherein the active ingredient is mixed with water or an oil medium, for example peanut oil, liquid paraffin or olive oil. 
     Aqueous suspensions contain the active materials in admixture with excipients suitable for the manufacture of aqueous suspensions. Such excipients are suspending agents, for example sodium carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydropropylmethylcellulose, sodium alginate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, gum tragacanth and gum acacia; dispersing or wetting agents may be a naturally-occurring phosphatide, for example, lecithin, or condensation products of an alkylene oxide with fatty acids, for example polyoxyethylene stearate, or condensation products of ethylene oxide with long chain aliphatic alcohols, for example heptadecaethyleneoxycetanol, or condensation products of ethylene oxide with partial esters derived from fatty acids and a hexitol such as polyoxyethylene sorbitol monooleate, or condensation products of ethylene oxide with partial esters derived from fatty acids and hexitol anhydrides, for example polyethylene sorbitan monooleate. The aqueous suspensions may also contain one or more preservatives, for example ethyl, or n-propyl p-hydroxybenzoate, one or more coloring agents, one or more flavoring agents, and one or more sweetening agents, such as sucrose or saccharin. 
     Oily suspensions may be formulated by suspending the active ingredients in a vegetable oil, for example arachis oil, olive oil, sesame oil or coconut oil, or in a mineral oil such as liquid paraffin. The oily suspensions may contain a thickening agent, for example beeswax, hard paraffin or cetyl alcohol. Sweetening agents such as those set forth above, and flavoring agents may be added to provide palatable oral preparations. These compositions may be preserved by the addition of an antioxidant such as ascorbic acid. 
     Dispersible powders and granules suitable for preparation of an aqueous suspension by the addition of water provide the active ingredient in admixture with a dispersing or wetting agent, suspending agent and one or more preservatives. Suitable dispersing or wetting agents and suspending agents are exemplified by those already mentioned above. Additional excipients, for example sweetening, flavoring and coloring agents, may also be present. 
     Pharmaceutical compositions of the invention may also be in the form of oil-in-water emulsions. The oily phase may be a vegetable oil, for example olive oil or arachis oil, or a mineral oil, for example liquid paraffin or mixtures of these. Suitable emulsifying agents may be naturally-occurring gums, for example gum acacia or gum tragacanth, naturally-occurring phosphatides, for example soy bean, lecithin, and esters or partial esters derived from fatty acids and hexitol, anhydrides, for example sorbitan monoleate, and condensation products of the said partial esters with ethylene oxides for example polyoxyethylene sorbitan monoleate. The emulsions may also contain sweetening and flavoring agents. 
     Syrups and elixirs may be formulated with sweetening agents, for example glycerol, propylene glycol, sorbitol or sucrose. Such formulations may also contain a demulcent, a preservative and flavoring and coloring agents. The pharmaceutical compositions may be in the form of a sterile injectable aqueous or oleaginous suspension. This suspension may be formulated according to the known art using those suitable dispersing or wetting agents and suspending agents which have been mentioned above. The sterile injectable preparation may also be sterile injectable solution or suspension in a non-toxic parentally acceptable diluent or solvent, for example as a solution in 1,3-butanediol. Among the acceptable vehicles and solvents that may be employed are water, Ringer&#39;s solution and isotonic sodium chloride solution. In addition, sterile, fixed oils are conventionally employed as a solvent or suspending medium. For this purpose any bland fixed oil may be employed including synthetic mono- or diglycerides. In addition, fatty acids such as oleic acid find use in the preparation of injectables. 
     The compounds of general Formula I may also be administered in the form of suppositories for rectal administration of the drug. These compositions can be prepared by mixing the drug with a suitable non-irritating excipient which is solid at ordinary temperatures but liquid at the rectal temperature and will therefore melt in the rectum to release the drug. Such materials are cocoa butter and polyethylene glycols. 
     Compounds of general Formula I may be administered parenterally in a sterile medium. The drug, depending on the vehicle and concentration used, can either be suspended or dissolved in the vehicle. Advantageously, adjuvants such as local anesthetics, preservatives and buffering agents can be dissolved in the vehicle. 
     Dosage levels of the order of from about 0.1 mg to about 140 mg per kilogram of body weight per day are useful in the treatment of the above-indicated conditions (about 0.5 mg to about 7 g per patient per day). The amount of active ingredient that may be combined with the carrier materials to produce a single dosage form will vary depending upon the host treated and the particular mode of administration. Dosage unit forms will generally contain between from about 1 mg to about 500 mg of an active ingredient. 
     It will be understood, however, that the specific dose level for any particular patient will depend upon a variety of factors including the activity of the specific compound employed, the age, body weight, general health, sex, diet, time of administration, route of administration, and rate of excretion, drug combination and the severity of the particular disease undergoing therapy. 
     An illustration of the preparation of compounds of the present invention is given in Scheme I. Those having skill in the art will recognize that the starting materials may be varied and additional steps employed to produce compounds encompassed by the present invention. ##STR15## where 
     A is ArN or ArCH where Ar is phenyl, 2, 3, or 4-pyridyl, 2 or 3-thienyl, 2, 4 or 5-pyrimidyl either unsubstituted or mono or disubstituted with halogen, hydroxy, or straight or branched chain lower alkyl having 1-6 carbon atoms; 
     B is sulfur, oxygen NR 5  or CR 5  R 6   
     n is 1, 2, or 3; 
     R 1  and R 2  are the same or different and represent hydrogen, or straight or branched chain lower alkyl having 1-6 carbon atoms; 
     R 3  and R 4  are the same or different and represent hydrogen, straight or branched chain lower alkyl having 1-6 carbon atoms, or straight or branched chain lower alkoxy having 1-6 carbon atoms; 
     R 5  represents straight or branched chain lower alkyl having 1-6 carbon atoms, phenyl, 2, 3, or 4-pyridyl, or phenyl, 2, 3, or 4-pyridyl straight or branched chain lower alkyl having 1-6 carbon atoms; 
     R 6  represents hydrogen, hydroxyl, amino, straight or branched chain lower alkyl having 1-6 carbon atoms, straight or branched chain lower alkoxy having 1-6 carbon atoms, phenyl, 2, 3, or 4-pyridyl, phenyloxy, 2, 3, or 4-pyridyloxy, or ]--(CH 2 ) r  -A&#39;--(CH 2 ) q  --B&#39; where r represents 0-5 and q represents 1-5 and A &#39; is a direct bond, oxygen or sulfur and B&#39; is hydrogen, straight or branched chain lower alkyl having 1-6 carbon atoms, straight or branched chain lower alkoxy having 1-6 carbon atoms, phenyl, 2, 3, or 4-pyridyl, phenyloxy, 2, 3, or 4-pyridyloxy, carboxyl, carboalkoxy, unsubstituted, mono or dialkylcarboxamido, amino, or mono or dialkylamino. 
     The invention is illustrated further by the following examples which are not to be construed as limiting the invention in scope or spirit to the specific procedures and compounds described in them. 
    
    
     EXAMPLE I ##STR16## 
     N-Phenylpiperazine (37 mL, 40 g, 245 mmol) was suspended in 300 mL water. The pH was adjusted to between 3 and 4 using 10% Hcl. 4-Methyl cyclohexanone (30 mL, 27 g, 244 mmol) was added followed by KCN (16 g, 245 mmol). The mixture was stirred 15 hours at room temperature during which time the product solidified. The product was collected by filtration, washed with water, then dried in the vacuum oven overnight at 50° C. to give 58 g (84% yield) desired product as a roughly 2:1 mixture of diastereomers. Tlc Rf=0.25 and 0.3 (9:1, Hexanes/Ethyl Acetate). 
     EXAMPLE II ##STR17## 
     A 1 Molar THF solution of 3-[Bis(trimethylsilyl)amino]-phenylmagnesium chloride (100 mL, 0.1 mol) was added to a solution of 1-cyano-1-(4-phenylpiperazine-1-yl)-4-methylcyclohexane (10 g, 0.035 mol) in dry THF (100 mL). The reaction mixture was heated to 65° C. for 2 h, cooled to room temperature and quenched by dropwise addition of saturated NH 4  Cl solution. The magnesium salts were filtered, rinsed with THF and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in EtOR (70 mL), 5% HCl solution (20 mL) was added, and the mixture stirred for 30 min. at room temperature. The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was suspended in H 2  O, made basic with 10 N NaOH and then extracted with EtOAc (3×). The combined extracts were washed with H 2  O (1×) and brine (1×), dried (Na 2  SO 4 ), filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was filtered through silica gel (1:4/EtOAc:hexanes) and concentrated to give a pale yellow solid. Recrystallization from isopropyl alcohol yielded white needles of 1-(3-aminophenyl)-1-(4-phenylpiperazine-1-yl)-4-methyl-cyclohexane (cis isomer) in 38% yield. 
     mp=142-144° C. 
     EXAMPLE III ##STR18## 
     A solution of 1-(3-aminophenyl)-1-(4-phenylpiperazin-1-yl)-4-methyl-cyclohexane (cis isomer, 246 mg, 0.705 mmol) and triethylamine (147 μL, 1.06 mmol) in dry CH 2  Cl 2  (15 mL) was brought to 020  C. using an ice bath. Phosgene (1.93 M in toluene, 438 μL, 0.846 mmol) was added dropwise and the resulting mixture was stirred at 020  C., under a dry N 2  atmosphere, for 30 minutes. 1,4-dioxa-8-azaspiro[4.5]decane (181 μl 1.41 mmol) was added via syringe and the reaction was allowed to come to room temperature. After 2 h the reaction mixture was diluted with an equal volume of CH 2  Cl 2 , washed with H 2  O, dried (Na 2  SO 4 ) and concentrated to give an off-white solid. The solid was washed with 30% EtOAc/hexanes to give the free base of N-[3-[4-methyl-1-(4-phenyl-1-piperazinyl)cyclohexyl]phenyl]-1,4-dioxa-8-azaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxamide (cis isomer) as a white solid. mp=245-247° C. 
     EXAMPLE IV ##STR19## 
     A solution of N-[3-[4-methyl-1-(4-phenyl-1-piperazinyl)-cyclohexyl]phenyl]-1,4-dioxa-8-azaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxamide (cis isomer) (34 mg, 0.066 mmol) was dissolved in 4 mL of 6N HCl and the clear homogeneous solution was allowed to stand for 1 h at room temperature. The reaction mixture was made basic with 1N NaOH, extracted with CH 2  Cl 2 , dried (Na 2  SO 4 ) and concentrated to give the crude ketone. The residue was triturated with 30% EtOAc/hexanes to yield colorless crystals of 4-(oxo)-N-[3-[4-methyl-1-(4-phenyl-1-pipera-zinyl)-cyclohexyl]phenyl]-1-piperidinecarboxamide (cis isomer). mp=˜173° C. (decomp.). 
     EXAMPLE V ##STR20## 
     A solution of 4-(oxo)-N-[3-[4-methyl-1-(4-phenyl-1-pipera-zinyl)cyclohexyl]phenyl]-1-piperidinecarboxamide (cis isomer) (34 mg, 0.072 mmol) in anhydrous EtOH was treated with excess NaBH 4  (14 mg, 0.36 mmol) and the resulting solution was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. The reaction was quenched with excess saturated NH 4  Cl (aq.) then extracted with EtOAc (3×). The combined extracts were dried (Na 2  SO 4 ), concentrated under reduced pressure, and triturated with 30% EtOAc/hexanes to give 4-(hydroxy)-N-[3-[4-methyl-1-(4-phenyl-1-piperazinyl)-cyclohexyl]phenyl]-1-piperidinecarboxamide (cis isomer), as a white powder. The HCl salt was prepared by adding excess saturated EtOAc/HCl solution to the free base in dry MeOH. Concentration of the homogeneous solution yielded a white solid which was washed with EtOAc. mp=144-145° C. 
     EXAMPLE VI ##STR21## 
     Methylamine hydrochloride (37 mg, 0.546 mmol) was added to a solution of 4-(oxo)-N-[3-[4-methyl-1-(4-phenyl-1-piperazinyl)cyclohexyl]phenyl]-1-piperidinecarboxamide (cis isomer) (43 mg, 0.091 mmol) in THF/MeOH (1:1) and stirred at room temperature. When all the methylamine hydrochloride had dissolved, NaCNBH 4  (6 mg, 0.091 mmol) was added and the reaction allowed to stir overnight at room temperature. The reaction mixture was concentrated, dissolved in an excess of 3N HCl, and the aqueous solution washed with ether (3×). The aqueous solution was made basic with 10N NaOH, extracted with EtOAc (4×), dried (Na 2  SO 4 ), and concentrated to give 4-(methylamino)-N-[3-[4-methyl-1-(4-phenyl-1-piperazinyl)-cyclohexyl]phenyl]-1-piperidinecarboxamide (cis isomer) as a clear oil. The HCl salt was prepared by adding excess saturated EtOAc/HCl solution to the free base in dry MeOH. Concentration of the homogeneous solution yielded a white solid which was washed with EtOAc. mp=154-155° C. 
     EXAMPLE VII 
     The following compounds were prepared essentially according to the procedure described in Example III: 
     a) N-[3-[4-methyl-1-(4-phenyl-1-piperazinyl)cyclohexyl]phenyl]-4-morpholinecarboxamide dihydrochloride (cis isomer: Compound 5). mp=188-190° C. 
     b) 4-methyl-N-[3-[4-methyl-1-(4-phenyl-1-piperazinyl)-cyclo-hexyl]phenyl]-1-piperazinecarboxamide trihydrochloride (cis isomer: Compound 6). mp=143-145° C. 
     c) 4-(hydroxyimino)-N-[3-[4-methyl-1-(4-phenyl-1-piperazinyl)-cyclohexyl]phenyl]-1-piperidinecarboxamide (cis isomer: Compound 7). mp=193-195° C. 
     The invention and the manner and process of making and using it, are now described in such full, clear, concise and exact terms as to enable any person skilled in the art to which it pertains, to make and use the same. It is to be understood that the foregoing describes preferred embodiments of the present invention and that modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention as set forth in the claims. To particularly point out and distinctly claim the subject matter regarded as invention, the following claims conclude this specification.