Abstract:
A flywheel based energy storage system which includes multiple flywheels and a motor/generator unit. A single flywheel is fixed to the drive shaft. Multiple additional flywheels are mounted to drive shaft via bearings to allow freewheeling. Fixed flywheel is fully charged before speed activated clutch engages second flywheel. All additional flywheels are started sequentially in like manner. During discharge, charged flywheels engage drive shaft via one-way ratchet type mechanism and non-charged flywheels continue to freewheel. A sectional drive shaft of one embodiment simplifies portability and assembly. A Variable inertia flywheel of another embodiment further reduces charge-up time.

Description:
[0001]    This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/690,397 filed Jan. 20, 2010. 
     
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
       [0002]    This invention relates to flywheel energy storage devices that store energy from any electrical grid or other energy source such as wind turbines and photovoltaic solar power to a flywheel assembly. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0003]    1. Field of Invention 
         [0004]    This invention relates to flywheels, specifically to an improved coupling/starting and discharge mechanism for multiple flywheels, allowing sequential start-up/recharge, and also provides simultaneous discharge of only the charged or partially charged flywheels. 
         [0005]    2. Background-Discussion of Prior Art 
         [0006]    Flywheels have been used to store energy from power sources for years. Existing flywheel technology consists of a heavy rotating disc that is accelerated to its optimum speed by an electric motor, able to be mechanically driven so as to act as an electric generator. Electricity is stored as kinetic energy in the rotating flywheel. One problem with prior art is the significant amount of time and power required to charge and recharge a heavy flywheel. A second problem associated with prior art is encountered when the heavy flywheel is discharged prior to attaining its optimum operating speed (full charge). Since speed produces a greater proportional influence on total stored energy than weight, a flywheel of one half the weight rotating at twice the speed of another flywheel of the same diameter will store significantly more energy than the heavier flywheel. 
         [0007]    More recent prior art attempts to improve charge and recharge time by utilizing much lighter flywheels operating at much higher speeds. To accomplish this, the flywheel is operated in a vacuum and utilizes magnetic bearing and computer stabilization. The Higher speeds have presented significant expense and safety issues. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0008]    The Multi-Stack Flywheel Energy Storage Assembly stores energy from various sources including, but not limited to electrical power generating plants, wind turbines and solar power generating systems. Excess generated electrical power is directed to an electric motor that is able to be mechanically driven so as to act as an electric generator (motor/generator). While prior art utilizes one relatively heavy flywheel to accept and store this excess electrical power as kinetic energy, this assembly incorporates multiple flywheels that together have a combined weight equal or greater than the single heavy flywheel it is designed to replace, and allows these multiple flywheels to power up sequentially. 
         [0009]    The initial flywheel, closest to the motor/generator is designed to attain its optimum predetermined operating speed before the second flywheel begins to power up. This second flywheel must attain its optimum predetermined operating speed before the third flywheel begins to power up, and so forth. This sequential powering up is accomplished by the combined use of speed activated clutches and roller stops or one-way ratchets. The first flywheel is secured directly to the drive shaft by a collar or other suitable means. 
         [0010]    The second and all subsequent flywheels are mounted to the drive shaft via bearings which allow each of these flywheels to spin independent of the drive shaft and of each other. A speed activated clutch comprised of a outer clutch drum part and an internal expanding clutch part is coupled between flywheel number 1 and number 2 so that when flywheel 1 reaches optimum predetermined speed, the first speed activated clutch engages and begins charging flywheel number 2. 
         [0011]    A similar clutch between flywheel 2 and 3 activates flywheel number 3 when flywheel number 2 reaches its predetermined speed and so forth until all of the flywheels in the assembly are charged. Except for flywheel 1 which is secured directly to the drive shaft, the remainder of the flywheels are engaged by each speed activated clutch and not by direct coupling to the drive shaft. 
         [0012]    When a load is placed on the flywheels (to power the generator) each of the activated flywheels except flywheel 1 (which turns in unison with the drive shaft), will be turning faster than the drive shaft which will automatically cause the one-way roller stops or one-way ratchets to engage and lock on to the drive shaft. Whereby only the activated flywheels will engage the drive shaft allowing the drive shaft to turn unimpeded by the non-activated flywheels that have not been engaged to the drive shaft or previous flywheel by either the speed activated clutch or the one-way roller stop. 
         [0013]    This design solves several of the problems identified in the ‘prior art’ section of this application. The sequential startup of a series of lighter flywheels allows the use of smaller motor/generators, reduces the power input required to activate the flywheel assembly, and/or allows the entire assembly of flywheels to fully activate in less time than required by the conventional heavy flywheel. The discharge problem of a partially charged flywheel is solved because in this assembly, the non-charged flywheels never couple to the drive shaft and thereby present no drag on the drive shaft or the charged flywheels now coupled to the shaft. 
       Three Embodiments-Described 
       [0014]    First embodiment is especially suited to a permanent installation and utilizes a one piece drive shaft. Second embodiment is especially suited for portability. In this embodiment, the drive shaft is designed to be installed in sections to facilitate ease of assembly in a remote or temporary location because each section can be stacked in place and disassembled and moved to differing locations as needed. The third embodiment can be utilized with either the first or second embodiment but utilizes a variable inertia flywheel in place of every conventional flywheel previously listed in embodiment 1 and 2. These three described embodiments should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the invention, but rather as an exemplification of several preferred embodiments thereof. Accordingly, the scope of the invention should be determined not by the embodiments illustrated, but by the appended claims and their legal equivalents. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
               
                 DRAWINGS-PARTS LIST 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Descriptions 
                 Embodiment 
               
               
                   
               
               
                  1 
                 motor/generator 
                 1, 2, 3 
               
               
                  2 
                 drive shaft 
                 1, 3 
               
               
                  3 
                 collar 
                 1, 2, 3 
               
               
                  4a 
                 first internal expanding clutch part 
                 1, 3 
               
               
                  4b 
                 second and all subsequent internal 
                 1, 3 
               
               
                   
                 expanding clutch part 
                   
               
               
                  4c 
                 first speed activated clutch assembly 
                 1, 3 
               
               
                  4d 
                 second and all subsequent speed activated 
                 1, 3 
               
               
                   
                 clutch assemblies 
                   
               
               
                  5 
                 outer clutch drum part 
                 1, 2, 3 
               
               
                  6a 
                 first flywheel 
                 1, 3 
               
               
                  6b 
                 second and all subsequent flywheels 
                 1, 3 
               
               
                  7 
                 threaded attachment bolt 
                 1, 2, 3 
               
               
                  8 
                 bearings 
                 1, 2, 3 
               
               
                  8a 
                 spring loaded roller stop arm 
                 1, 2, 3 
               
               
                  8b 
                 roller stop seat 
                 1, 2, 3 
               
               
                  8c 
                 roller stop assembly 
                 1, 2, 3 
               
               
                  9 
                 connecting spacer 
                 1, 3 
               
               
                 10a 
                 first drive shaft section 
                 2, 3 
               
               
                 10b 
                 second and all subsequent drive shaft sections 
                 2, 3 
               
               
                 10c 
                 first flywheel assembly 
                 2, 3 
               
               
                 10d 
                 second flywheel assembly 
                 2, 3 
               
               
                 10e 
                 third flywheel assembly 
                 2, 3 
               
               
                 11 
                 connector pin 
                 2, 3 
               
               
                 12 
                 connector hole 
                 2, 3 
               
               
                 13a 
                 first connecting spacer 
                 2, 3 
               
               
                 13b 
                 second and all subsequent connecting spacers 
                 2, 3 
               
               
                 14 
                 square female notch 
                 2, 3 
               
               
                 15 
                 square male key 
                 2, 3 
               
               
                 16 
                 attachment connector 
                 2, 3 
               
               
                 17 
                 internal expanding clutch part 
                 2, 3 
               
               
                 17a 
                 speed activated clutch assembly 
                 2, 3 
               
               
                 18a 
                 first flywheel 
                 2, 3 
               
               
                 18b 
                 second and all subsequent flywheels 
                 2, 3 
               
               
                 19 
                 variable inertia flywheels 
                 3 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0015]      FIG. 1  is a lateral view through the center of the shaft of the assembly for a vertical axis configuration showing the sequencing of the components with a one piece shaft embodiment. 
           [0016]      FIG. 2  is a sectional view of the shaft, along line A-A in  FIG. 1 . 
           [0017]      FIG. 3  is a lateral view of the center of a segmented shaft multi-stacked embodiment for a vertical axis configuration showing the sequencing of the components. 
           [0018]      FIG. 4  and  FIG. 5  are sectional views along lines A-A and B-B in  FIG. 3  respectively, showing the method of attaching the portable stacks of components. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
       [0019]      FIG. 1  shows a lateral view of one embodiment of the Multi-Stack Flywheel Assembly. This embodiment comprises a motor/generator  1 . Said motor/generator is an electric motor, able to be mechanically driven so as to act as an electric generator. A drive shaft  2  extends from said motor/generator  1 . A first flywheel  6   a  is secured to said drive shaft  2  via a coupler  3 , or other suitable means of attachment. A first internal expanding clutch part  4   a  of a speed activated clutch such as a centrifugal clutch or other means set to engage at a predetermined speed, is attached to said first flywheel  6   a  with a threaded attachment bolts  7  or other suitable means of attachment and separated from said first flywheel  6   a  by a connecting spacer  9 . Attached to the first internal expanding clutch part  4   a  is a ratchet pawl or a spring loaded roller stop arm  8   a . An outer clutch drum part  5  of said speed activated clutch is attached to a second (and subsequent) flywheel  6   b  with the threaded attachment bolts  7  or other suitable means of attachment. Said first internal expanding clutch part  4   a  and said outer clutch drum part  5  comprise a first speed activated clutch assembly  4   c.    
         [0020]    A bearing  8  allows said second flywheel  6   b  to rotate freely around said drive shaft  2 . A notch or a roller stop seat  8   b  is positioned in the inner surface of said outer clutch drum part  5 , allowing free rotation of said second flywheel  6   b  around said drive shaft  2  in one direction only. Said spring loaded roller stop arm  8   a  and said roller stop seat  8   b  comprise a roller stop assembly  8   c.    
         [0021]    A second (and subsequent) internal expanding clutch part  4   b  is attached to a second (and subsequent) flywheel  6   b  with said threaded attachment bolts  7  and separated from said second flywheel  6   b  by said connecting spacer  9 . Attached to said second internal expanding clutch part  4   b  is said spring loaded roller stop arm  8   a . The outer clutch drum  5  of the speed activated clutch is attached to a third (and subsequent) flywheel  6   b . Said second and subsequent internal expanding clutch part  4   b  and said outer clutch drum part  5  comprise a second and all subsequent speed activated clutch assemblies  4   d . The remainder of the parts and their connections and relationships continue to repeat themselves for whatever number of additional flywheels are used. 
         [0022]      FIG. 3  shows a lateral view of another embodiment of the Multi-Stack Flywheel Assembly. This embodiment exemplifies a Portable Multi-Stack Flywheel Energy Storage Assembly. This embodiment comprises said motor/generator  1 . Said motor/generator  1  is an electric motor, able to be mechanically driven so as to act as an electric generator. A first drive shaft section  10   a  extends from said motor/generator  1 . A first flywheel  18   a  is connected to said first drive shaft section  10   a  via said coupler  3 . A first connecting spacer  13   a  is attached to said first flywheel  18   a  and incorporates a connector pins  11  and a female notch  14 . Said first drive shaft section  10   a  is coupled with a second (and subsequent) drive shaft section  10   b  via a male key  15 , and an attachment connector  16  and a connector holes  12  or other suitable means of connection, that have been provided in a internal expanding clutch part  17 . 
         [0023]    A bearing  8  allows said internal expanding clutch part  17  to freewheel around said second and subsequent drive shaft section  10   b . Attached to said internal expanding clutch part  17  is said spring loaded roller stop arm  8   a . Said outer clutch drum part  5  is attached to a second and subsequent flywheel  18   b  with said threaded attachment bolts  7  or other suitable means of attachment. Said internal expanding clutch part  17  and said outer clutch drum part  5  comprise a speed activated clutch assembly  17   a . Said bearing  8  allows said second flywheel  18   b  to rotate freely around said second (and subsequent) drive shaft section  10   b.    
         [0024]    A notch or roller stop seat  8   b  is positioned in the inner surface of said outer clutch drum  5  allowing free rotation of said second flywheel  18   b  around said drive shaft section  10   b  in one direction only. A second (and subsequent) connecting spacer  13   b  is attached to said second flywheel  18   b . The remainder of the parts and their connections and relationships continue to repeat themselves for whatever number of additional flywheels are used. 
         [0025]    Another embodiment of the multi-stack flywheel assembly substitutes a variable inertia flywheel  19  in place of all previously listed flywheels. Said variable inertia flywheel (see Pub. No.: US 2011/0277587 A1) shortens charge up time compared to conventional solid flywheels. 
       Operation 
     First Embodiment 
       [0026]    The first embodiment, as illustrated in  FIG. 1  is especially suited to a fixed or permanent installation in a power generation facility, a wind farm or a solar collector installation. An electrical power source (not shown) supplies power to an electric motor/generator  1 . Said motor/generator is an electric motor, able to be mechanically driven so as to act as an electric generator. A drive shaft  2  extends from said motor/generator  1  as a one piece drive shaft of sufficient length to accommodate a plurality of flywheels. The first flywheel  6   a  is securely attached to said drive shaft  2  by a collar  3  or other suitable method of attachment so that when power is supplied to said motor/generator  1 , said first flywheel  6   a  and said drive shaft  2  begins to charge or spin. While said drive shaft  2  and said first flywheel  6   a  continue to accelerate, a second and all subsequent flywheels  6   b  remain motionless as said drive shaft  2  rotates within each of said flywheels  6   b  without imparting any energy because said flywheels  6   b  are mounted on said drive shaft  2  via a bearings  8 . An first internal expanding clutch part  4   a  is attached to said first flywheel  6   a  via a threaded attachment bolts  7  or other suitable means of attachment, and a connecting spacer  9 . Said clutch part  4   a  is part of a first speed activated clutch assembly  4   c  coupled into an outer clutch drum  5  (which completes the speed activated clutch assembly). The speed activate clutch assembly can be engaged at a predetermined speed in any suitable manner including but not limited to centrifugal force and electric power. When said first flywheel  6   a  attains its predetermined optimum operating speed, the speed activated clutch  4   c  engages said first internal expanding clutch part  4   a  into said outer clutch drum  5 . Said outer clutch drum  5  is attached to a second flywheel  6   b  via said threaded attachment bolts  7  or any other suitable method of attachment. At this point, said second flywheel  6   b  begins to spin up or charge. When said second flywheel  6   b  reaches predetermined optimum speed, a second internal expanding clutch part  4   b  is activated and engages the next outer clutch drum  5  and so forth until all flywheel  6   a ,  6   b &#39;s are rotating at predetermined optimum speed. 
         [0027]    During the discharge cycle, electric power is no longer supplied to said motor/generator  1 . Now said motor/generator  1  is in generator mode with power being supplied from the stored energy or inertia of the charged or partially charged flywheels. With the exception of said first flywheel  6   a  which is secured to said drive shaft  2  and therefore spinning at the same speed as said drive shaft  2 , all of the remaining charged flywheels  6   b  are now spinning at a slightly faster speed than said drive shaft  2  as no more power is being supplied to said electric motor  1 , and said drive shaft  2  is beginning to slow down. 
         [0028]    A spring loaded roller stop arm  8   a  (acting similar to a pawl of a one-way ratchet) is mounted to the top surface of said first internal expanding clutch part  4   a  and each of said other internal expanding clutch parts  4   b . As said second and all subsequent flywheels  6   b  over take the speed of said slowing drive shaft  2 , said spring loaded roller stop arms  8   a  engages a roller stop seat  8   b  that is incorporated into the bottom surface of each of said outer clutch drums  5 , securely locking these flywheels  6   b  to said drive shaft  2 . Those flywheels that remained uncharged (not spinning) will not engage said spring loaded roller stop arms  8   a  to said roller stop seats  8   b  and will therefore not lock up to said drive shaft  2 , and will continue to remain still. Since the charged (spinning) flywheels  6   a ,  6   b  will not have to turn the mass of any uncharged flywheels, all of the stored energy (less friction) is available to drive the generator  1 . 
       Operation 
     Second Embodiment 
       [0029]    The second embodiment, as illustrated in  FIG. 3  illustrates a first flywheel assembly  10   c , a second flywheel assembly  10   d  and a third flywheel assembly  10   e . Additional flywheel assemblies are anticipated to be added as needed, but only these are illustrated for simplicity. Said first flywheel assembly  10   c  includes a motor/generator  1  which incorporates a first drive shaft section  10   a  that extends from said motor/generator  1 , to a length sufficient to accommodate a first flywheel  18   a . Said first flywheel  18   a  is securely attached to said first drive shaft section  10   a  via a collar  3  or other suitable method of attachment. When electric power is supplied to said motor/generator  1 , said first flywheel  18   a  begins to charge or spin. Mounted to said first flywheel  18   a  is a first connecting spacer  13   a . Said spacer  13   a  incorporates a square female notch  14  and a connector pins  11 . This completes the operation of said first flywheel assembly  10   c.    
         [0030]    The second flywheel assembly  10   d  includes a second drive shaft section  10   b  that incorporates a square male key  15  on one end that will mate up with said square female notch  14  when said first  10   c  and said second  10   d  flywheel assemblies are connected. The other end of said second drive shaft section  10   b  incorporates a square female notch  14 . Said second flywheel assembly  10   d  also includes an attachment connector  16  attached to the underside of an internal expanding clutch part  17 . Said clutch part  17  is mounted on said second drive shaft section  10   b  via a bearing  8  so that said drive shaft section  10   b  can rotate independently of said internal clutch part  17 . Said internal clutch part  17  also includes a connector holes  12  to accommodate connector pins  11  of said first flywheel assembly  10   c  linking said first flywheel  18   a  with said internal expanding clutch part  17  when said first flywheel assembly  10   c  and said second flywheel assembly  10   d  are connected. 
         [0031]    Said internal expanding clutch part  17  rotates within the outer clutch drum part  5  and includes a spring loaded roller stop arm  8   a  or a ratchet pawl, attached to its top surface. Said outer clutch drum part  5  includes a roller stop seat  8   b  or suitable notch on its lower surface. 
         [0032]    Said outer clutch drum part  5  is attached to a second flywheel  18   b  via the threaded bolts  7  or other suitable method of attachment. Said second flywheel  18   b  and attached said outer drum part  5  are mounted on said second drive shaft section  10   b  via bearings  8  so that said drive shaft section  10   b  rotates independently of said outer drum  5  and said second flywheel  18   b . When said first flywheel  18   a  attains its predetermined optimum operating speed, said internal expanding clutch part  17  engages said outer clutch drum part  5  causing said second flywheel  18   b  to begin to rotate. 
         [0033]    A second connecting spacer  13   b  is attached to the top of said second flywheel  18   b  and incorporates connector pins  11 , to facilitate coupling of said second flywheel assembly  10   d  to a third flywheel assembly  10   e.    
         [0034]    When said second flywheel  18   b  reaches predetermined optimum speed, a next internal expanding clutch part  17 , as part of said third flywheel assembly  10   e , is activated and the process continues to repeat sequentially until all flywheels are fully charged, or generator mode is required. 
         [0035]    Said second flywheel assembly  10   d  is interchangeable with said third flywheel assembly  10   e  so that as additional assemblies are required, they would include the same parts and operate in an identical manner. 
         [0036]    As explained in operation of first embodiment, during the flywheel discharge cycle, as the now connected drive shaft sections  10   a  and all  10   b &#39;s begin to slow, the charged flywheels will engage the drive shaft, without drag or interference from any uncharged flywheels, thereby eliminating unnecessary drag from the uncharged flywheels. 
       Operation 
     Third Embodiment 
       [0037]    The third, and preferred embodiment substitutes a variable inertia flywheels  19  in place of all flywheels referenced in the first and second embodiment. The Variable Inertia Flywheel (of Pub. No.: US 2011/0277587 A1) anticipates faster spin-up times compared to a conventional flywheel of same weight and diameter, but at full charge, provides an equal amount of energy storage as the conventional flywheel. 
       CONCLUSIONS, RAMIFICATIONS; AND SCOPE OF INVENTION 
       [0038]    The reader will see that with each of these embodiments, a smaller electric motor/generator can be utilized to sequentially power up a plurality of flywheels instead of one large flywheel weighing the same as the total of the multiple flywheels, all flywheels having the same diameter, because the motor is starting a much lighter flywheel which completely powers up before beginning to start the second (lighter flywheel)) and so forth. Additionally, using smaller, less costly motors allows installation of a plurality of complete multi-stack assemblies in place of the one larger conventional unit. This enhances routine maintenance as well as reliability as that one of the assemblies can be taken off line without disturbing any of the remaining assemblies. 
         [0039]    The reader will also appreciate that the entire plurality of flywheels in one assembly will reach optimum speed sooner than the one comparable heavy conventional assembly (assuming both have the same motor, same power input and same diameter of flywheels, and same optimum speed). 
         [0040]    The design of the embodiments allow the stored inertia of the first fully charged flywheel to assist in the startup of the second flywheel. The first and second fully charged flywheels will assist startup of the third flywheel and so forth, which reduces the total overall power up time as compared to the single heavy conventional unit. 
         [0041]    The reader will also appreciate that these embodiments reduce overall bearing friction by spreading an equivalent weight from one heavy flywheel with its one set of bearings to multiple lighter flywheels each with their own set of bearings. 
         [0042]    The conventional heavy single flywheel also concentrates the undesirable torque associated with precession into the motor bearings only, while these embodiments spread this torque into multiple sets of bearings during charge up and speed maintaining cycle. 
         [0043]    Lighter flywheels are capable of higher operating speeds then their heavier counterparts (of the same diameter) thus allowing these embodiments to operate at speeds higher than the single heavy component. Since speed has a greater than proportional influence on total stored energy than weight, these embodiments provide for a more than proportional increase in total stored energy. For example, A 2% increase in speed produces a nearly 4% increase in energy stored. 
         [0044]    When stored power is needed prior to the flywheels reaching optimum speed, these embodiments provide more retrievable energy than the single heavy flywheel. Best described as an example, the reader is asked to compare a multi-stack assembly of 10 one hundred pound flywheels to a single one thousand pound flywheel. Both systems utilize identical motors, same diameter flywheels, same energy input and same optimum speed. Assume both take 10 minutes to run up from zero to full charge. At the half way point (5 minutes), 5 of the 10 multi-stack flywheels are fully charged and the remaining 5 are at zero speed (charge) while the single heavy flywheel is at or below half speed. For the multi-stack, during the discharge cycle, only the charged flywheels engage (lock on to) the drive shaft to supply power to the generator while the uncharged flywheels do not lock up with the drive shaft and remain motionless creating no drag on the energy being supplied back to the generator. 
         [0045]    Continuing with the same example, and understanding that an increase in speed has a disproportionately higher effect on the amount of energy stored than does an increase in weight, the reader can appreciate another advantage over the single lager unit. Five 100 pound flywheels locked to a single drive shaft and spinning at full speed represent a greater amount of stored energy than does a one thousand pound flywheel at half speed. 
         [0046]    The Third embodiment incorporates a variable inertia flywheel that by design allows the flywheel to spin up faster than a conventional solid flywheel of equal weight and diameter. (See Pub. No.: US 2011/0277587 A1). 
         [0047]    While my above description contains many specificities, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the invention, but rather as an exemplification of one or several preferred embodiments thereof. Many other variations are possible. Accordingly, the scope of the invention should be determined not by the embodiments illustrated, but by the appended claims and their legal equivalents.