Abstract:
An annular combustion ( 22 ) chamber and a transient plasma system ( 42 ) in communication with the annular combustion chamber ( 22 ) to sustain a spinning detonation wave. This system ( 42 ) is also called as “nanosecond pulsed plasma” system and a pulse generator ( 48 ) operates to generate by energy but intense high voltage pulses to provide tansient plasma (p); increasing the reactivity of the chemical species of the popelllants. The propulsion relies on constant pressure combustion (CDWE).

Description:
BACKGROUND 
       [0001]    The present disclosure claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/245034, filed Sep. 23, 2009. 
         [0002]    The present disclosure relates to a Continuous Detonation Wave Engine, and more particularly to sustainment of a spinning detonation wave thereof. 
         [0003]    Continuous Detonation Wave Engines generate a spinning detonation wave in an annular combustion chamber. Sustainment of the spinning detonation wave may be difficult as numerous factors will tend to damp and dissipate the spinning detonation wave. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0004]    Various features will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description of the disclosed non-limiting embodiment. The drawings that accompany the detailed description can be briefly described as follows: 
           [0005]      FIG. 1  is a general schematic view of a Continuous Detonation Wave Engine; and 
           [0006]      FIG. 2  is a general schematic view of a Continuous Detonation Wave Engine illustrating a spinning detonation wave. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0007]      FIG. 1  schematically illustrates a Continuous Detonation Wave Engine (CDWE)  20 . The CDWE  20  provides a compact and efficient system which enables relatively low feed pressure and high combustion efficiency. CDWEs provide for high energy utilization. 
         [0008]    The CDWE  20  generally includes an annular combustion chamber  22  defined by an outer wall structure  24  and an inner wall structure  26 . The annular combustion chamber  22  is closed on one end section by an injector system  28  which communicates with a propellant system  30  which supplies propellants such as a fuel and an oxidizer which form a reacting mixture. The reacting mixture is created by intimately mixing the propellants by the injector system  28 . One injector system  28  may have a geometry selected based on the degree of mixing. For example, the geometry of the injector system  28  may include impinging jets, swirl elements, pre-mixing chamber and other features that provide for intimate mixing of the propellants. In one non-limiting embodiment the fuel includes Ethylene and the oxidizer includes oxygen. The annular combustion chamber  22  is open opposite the injector system  28  to define a nozzle  32 . 
         [0009]    An initiation system  34  is utilized to ignite the spinning detonation wave. In one embodiment, an initiation system  34  may include a mixing chamber  36 , a spark plug  38  and a tangential detonation tube  40 . In another embodiment not shown herein, the initiation system  34  may use devices to ignite combustion including a pyrotechnic ignitor, a glow plug, hypergols, and pyrophoric fluids and others in lieu of or in addition to the spark plug  38 . In another embodiment, the initiation system  34  may include detonation cord, exploding wires, and/or a local ignition system disposed proximate the injector. 
         [0010]    Referring again to  FIG. 1 , a relatively small amount of propellants are premixed in the mixing chamber  36 , the spark plug  38  lights off the propellants, then the burning mixture (deflagration) transitions to a detonation wave within the tangential detonation tube  40 . The tangential detonation tube  40  injects the detonation wave tangentially into the annular combustion chamber  22  to initiate the spinning detonation wave. It should be understood that alternate or additional components may be utilized with the initiation system. Once the process is started, no additional ignition energy is typically required and the initiation system  34  may be shut down. 
         [0011]    The propellants burn to form at least one transversal or spinning detonation wave that propagates normally in an azimuthal direction from the axially injected propellants within the annular combustion chamber  22  as generally understood ( FIG. 2 ). The spinning detonation wave propagates along the rotating detonation front and burns a shock-compressed mixture. The spinning detonation wave within the annular combustion chamber  22  provide for increased chemical energy utilization relative to conventional constant pressure combustion. 
         [0012]    The CDWE  20 , due in part to the more efficient thermodynamic properties, exhibits a higher level of performance than more conventional propulsion system that rely on constant-pressure combustion processes. Sustainment of the spinning detonation wave may be relatively difficult and sensitive to the operational environment. Numerous factors tend to damp and dissipate the spinning detonation wave to include poorly mixed propellants, unreacted propellants, improper injection velocities, chemical kinetics, wall heat transfer, boundary layer build-up, etc. 
         [0013]    A transient plasma system  42 , also known as a nanosecond pulsed plasma system, is located within the CDWE  20  to sustain the spinning detonation wave. The transient plasma system  42  includes a cathode  44  in the outer wall structure  24  and an anode  46  in the inner wall structure  26  or vice-versa such that electrical potential is disposed between the outer wall structure  24  and the inner wall structure  26  within the annular combustion chamber  22 . A pulse generator  48  operates to generate low energy but intense, high voltage pulses to provide transient plasma P, wherein electrons at high velocity travel through the annular combustion chamber  22 . In one example, the pulse is 20 nsec at 10-100 kV. 
         [0014]    The transient plasma P causes high velocity electrons and streamers to be created. The high velocity electrons and streamers produce radicals, ions and a high proportion of vibrationally excited chemical species which thereby increase reaction rates. The transient plasma P also greatly increase the reactivity of chemical species, via radical formation and ionization, and thus minimize the damping effect of chemical kinetics on the spinning detonation wave. The increase in chemical reaction rates augments and sustains the detonation process. 
         [0015]    Arc discharge is prevented based on the very rapid pulsing of the voltage field. In this regard, there is substantially precluded loss of velocity with the electrons. This configuration enables the CDWE  20  to be insensitive to design and operating environment variables and thereby perform with increased energy release as compared to constant pressure configured engines. In one example, the transient plasma system  42  enables engines and burners with an approximate 37% increase in energy utilization over conventional constant pressure engine and burners. This translates into an approximately 17% increase in specific impulse for reaction propulsion systems. 
         [0016]    Furthermore, in air-breathing applications, the transient plasma system  42  will facilitate sustainment of the spinning detonation wave without the requirement of supplemental oxygen. 
         [0017]    It should be understood that like reference numerals identify corresponding or similar elements throughout the several drawings. It should also be understood that although a particular component arrangement is disclosed in the illustrated embodiment, other arrangements will benefit herefrom. 
         [0018]    Although particular step sequences are shown, described, and claimed, it should be understood that steps may be performed in any order, separated or combined unless otherwise indicated and will still benefit from the present disclosure. 
         [0019]    The foregoing description is exemplary rather than defined by the limitations within. Various non-limiting embodiments are disclosed herein, however, one of ordinary skill in the art would recognize that various modifications and variations in light of the above teachings will fall within the scope of the appended claims. It is therefore to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims, the disclosure may be practiced other than as specifically described. For that reason the appended claims should be studied to determine true scope and content.