Abstract:
A portable, thin, flexible, scan-less image capture device with low energy requirement and no moving parts.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    The following references are considered to be relative prior art. 
         [0002]    Provisional 61,545,557 
         [0003]    U.S. Pat. No. 8,344,432 
         [0004]    U.S. Pat. No. 8,344,306 
         [0005]    U.S. Pat. No. 8,343,793 
         [0006]    U.S. Pat. No. 8,228,571 
         [0007]    U.S. Pat. No. 8,199,382 
         [0008]    U.S. Pat. No. 8,014,044 
         [0009]    U.S. Pat. No. 7,884,974 
     
    
     STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT 
       [0010]    Not applicable 
       REFERENCE TO SEQUENCE LISTING, TABLE, OR DISK APPENDIX 
       [0011]    Not applicable 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0012]    There are known methods of capturing, manipulating and displaying printed images; standard office copying machines are well known. Existing methods of image capture, manipulation and display, typically require rigid, cumbersome hardware that includes a dedicated operational platform with moving parts and large energy consumption. 
         [0013]    Further, the known methods of capturing undistorted images of bound material such as books or manuscripts require that the books be opened fully so that the pages may be flattened to remove image distortion as referenced to the imaging surface of the capture device. These opening and flattening requirements are destructive to books&#39; bindings. Further, they force page exposure to the destructive effect of strong light and environmental pollutants; these considerations are particularly critical when trying to copy old or rare books or manuscripts. 
       PURPOSE OF THE INVENTION 
       [0014]    It is a purpose of this invention to provide an imaging device that may be portable and which allows image capture, manipulation and display in a device with low energy requirements, no moving parts, a scalable architecture, and allowance for a thin, flexible working surface to permit accurate imaging of curved surfaces within limited spaces such as images with access problems or as between the pages of a book or a scroll or a manuscript. 
         [0015]    It is a further purpose that this imaging device to use low levels of illumination to capture images, so as to reduce both power requirements of the imaging device and the destructive effects of intense illumination upon the images being captured. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0016]      FIG. 1  is an overview image of the full device indicating the main component parts. 
           [0017]      FIG. 2  is a cross sectional view of the flexible sensor revealing its component parts. 
           [0018]      FIG. 3  is a surface-view representational portion of the sensor reactor field 
           [0019]      FIG. 4  is a cross sectional view of a portion of the sensor showing details of the sensor function. 
           [0020]      FIG. 5  illustrates an alternate shape of the reactors and their related shields. 
           [0021]      FIG. 6  is a cross section, portion view of a sensor with the sensor of  FIG. 2  mirrored to illustrating bi-directional imaging capability. 
           [0022]      FIG. 7   a  is a perspective view of the flexible illumination channel together with its illumination module. 
           [0023]      FIG. 7   b  is a cross section view of the components of  FIG. 7   a.    
           [0024]      FIG. 7   c  is the same cross section of  FIG. 7   b  showing an alternate illumination option. 
           [0025]      FIG. 8  is a cross section view of a bi-directional illumination channel with a shared illumination module. 
           [0026]      FIG. 9  is a logic sketch illustrating possible control functions of the device. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0027]    Typical document imaging devices are either large, bulky devices such as office copying machines, or small, low resolution, hand-held devices that are difficult to accurately control and align over the image, and that require that images be held very flat and stable as they are scanned. Most all existing document imagers are based on the principle of scanning the document, that is the image is captured section by section as a recording device is mechanically or optically pulled, or scanned over the image. 
         [0028]    Cameras can be used to capture document pages without scanning, but have obvious problems of position, alignment, parallax, lens distortion of flat images and more—especially when multiple documents are to be scanned and there needs to be accurate justification or alignment between document pages as in copying multiple pages of a book or manuscript. 
         [0029]    Adequate illumination is also a problem for most camera imaging. It is not a problem for office copiers, but they use large amounts of energy to produce high levels of illumination that can damage delicate documents as they are captured. Curvature of document pages, in particular bound documents, as they are copied is problematic for all methods of document image capture. 
         [0030]    The device of  FIG. 1  shows a scanning system that solves the problems listed above. In its most basic form, the device consists of a thin, flexible sensor  1  attached to a control case  2 . The flexible sensor can either be laid over and held face to face with a document or artifact to capture its image, or slipped between the pages of a book, manuscript or the like, conforming to the curve of a pages to capture the pages&#39; images. While not required, the control case may include a graphic display  3  of the captured image and a control panel  4  with various controls to capture and manipulate the image. The device may be either plug-in or battery powered  5 . 
         [0031]    The flexible sensor provides both a source of illumination to the image being captured and a method of capturing said image. Said method of capture comprises a field of reactors disbursed across the facial area of sensor, the output of which produce a dot-pattern capture of the intended image which is passed to some manner of storage device. It is known that the density of the said field of reactors will control the fidelity of the image capture. The thickness and flexibility of the sensor is controlled by both the characteristics of the materials used for its various layers and the thickness of these different materials. If so desired, it is anticipated that the sensor unit total thickness might be less than 3 mm. 
         [0032]      FIG. 2  is a cross section of the sensor through a reactor segment. Layer  11  is a protective coating for conductors  12 , and the conductors are in contact with reactors  13 . The reactors are positioned within light shields  16  in the light channel  14  so as to optically isolate the edges and bottom of the reactors from the illumination within the light channel. Atop both the illumination channel and the reactors, window layer  15  provides space for light  41  to travel from the illumination channel to the image and reflect back onto the tops of the reactors. 
         [0033]    Each reactor has at least two conductors  23 ,  24  in contact therewith, with a gap  22  between them across the reactor to transmit signal changes in reactor output. Reactors are made of materials that react to illumination. For most document image capture, the illumination used and reactor properties would be matched to the frequencies of conventional light, but it is fully anticipated that for other image capture or forensic purposes, alternate illumination frequencies and reactor properties might be preferable. 
         [0034]    From the areas between the shielded reactors, the light channel provides illumination to the image being recorded, and the material of the reactors responds to the amount of reflected radiance from the image in greater or lesser degree as controlled by the amount of reflected illumination striking the reactors. As is known, where the image is white or otherwise reflective, a substantial percentage of the illumination will be reflected back onto the surface of the reactor, and the reactor will give a strong signal. Where the image is dark or otherwise less reflective, less light is reflected and the reactor will give a weak signal. 
         [0035]    For the purposes of this device, the reactors comprise any materials that may affix to the sensor and which react to illumination in some known manner that may be sensed and recorded. Several possibilities exist. For example, illumination might cause reactors of one material to form a voltage potential which would be sensed by their conductors and passed back to a processing module. Alternately, the reactors could be of a different material which changes its resistance when illuminated; this change in resistance could be sensed and recorded. In both these examples a range of reflected illumination on the reactors provides a range of readings so that the device would have the option to record shades of reflected illumination if so designed within the recording electronics of the imaging device. 
         [0036]    It is understood that differently shaped, shielded reactors may affect the function of the sensor. While  FIG. 3  shows circular shielded reactors,  FIG. 5  shows diamond shaped reactors and shields  51  and  52  that provide increased illumination surface on the illumination channel and reduced reactor surface area. It is not a purpose of this invention to determine the exact shape of the shielded reactors. Reactor shapes illustrated are for reference only. Optimal design of the shielded reactors may be determined by the specific purpose for which the device will be used, as well as the chosen reactor material and illumination source. 
         [0037]    Above describes an imager device that captures a single image surface or face. The principles described can be easily translated to permit bi-directional imaging. A bidirectional imager would allow insertion of the sensor between two facing images in close proximity, such as between the pages of a book, between the layers of a scroll or between any other facing images, and the capture of both facing images at the same time or in rapid succession depending on the program instructions of the control circuitry. The resultant two said captured images would be as well registered, or aligned, with each other as were the pages in the book or manuscript when the capture was made. 
         [0038]    By mirroring the flexible sensor assembly so far described, a bi-directional imaging device  60  is possible as shown in  FIG. 6 . The image to be captured  17  remains as before. We may say that  17  is one of the two pages between which the sensor is inserted; image  67  would be the facing page. Capturing image  17  is as already described. Capturing image  67  is similar and uses illumination channel  64  to provide the illumination which passes through window  65  and reflects off image  67  and onto reactor  63  inside optical shield  66 . Conductor protection  61  is common to both directions of capture. The response of reactors  63  to illumination is transmitted by conductors  62  to the recording electronics in the control case. 
         [0039]    Critical to the function of the imager is the illumination channel and its attached illumination module  72 . The illumination channel is a flexible sheet of material that captures radiance at its edges, distributes that light  76  throughout the sheet, and retransmits the light out of the sheet  77  evenly across its face surface. This principle is well known and practiced, and most commonly understood in the form of fiber optics. As used in this imager, and for the purposes of clear understanding, it would be accurate to change the term ‘fiber optics’ as used in other devices to ‘page optics’ or ‘sheet optics’ as used in this application. An illumination source  78  inside the illumination module  72  is directed at one edge  74  of said illumination channel, and the other edges of the illumination channel are preferably silvered or otherwise shielded to keep a maximum amount of illumination trapped within the sheet&#39;s perimeter. Since the illumination channel is preferably very thin, in order to get more illumination into the light channel&#39;s interior, the edge being illuminated may be flared  75  to give an increased edge surface and subsequent greater radiance capture. 
         [0040]    The illumination source  78  is preferably a low-power, high-illumination device such as an LED or similar device, and may be a single frequency source to give only a single-color gray-shade capture, or may be a multiple frequency source to allow substantially increased capture information. A possible document scanning method to capture color would be to provide a red source  78 R, a green source  78 G and a blue source  78 B so that 3 sequential scans—each made with one or the other of these illumination sources, could be made of any image to capture the color content of said image. An single illumination source that could have its radiance characteristics changed or otherwise controlled would also serve this purpose. As previously described, different light sources and reactor responses may be used to achieve particular imaging goals. In most existing imagers, a single-color illumination source is used—usually white light, and different sensor characteristics are provided to separate the different color characteristics of the reflected image. Camera sensors, as a rule, only react to levels of light and dark, and usually an array of sensors has portions of the sensors filtered in various was to determine the color information of an image. In the imager of this application, the response of the reactors remains uniform, and it is the illuminating light source that is changed to give different reactor responses for different illumination characteristics. 
         [0041]    In a well designed bidirectional imager, it is fully anticipated that with proper design and placement of reactors, shields and conductors, that illumination channels  14  and  64  may be the same component. Light may emanate equally from both faces of the illumination channel, and there is no inherent need to have separate illumination channels in a bidirectional imager. It is only for clarity of explanation that they have been illustrated and described as separate components. 
         [0042]    The illumination channel of bi-directional sensor  80  utilizes a second, mirror image of the illumination channel as previously described. Illumination module  81  may contain a single shared illumination source  81  or multiple illumination sources as previously described, or have different light and reactor characteristics in each imaging direction. 
         [0043]    Operational logic of the device is illustrated in  FIG. 9 . When the illumination source is turned on, light is passed through the illumination channel as previously described, and all reactors  92  are affected at the same time and for the same duration by the illumination emanating from the light channel. Each reactor has its own conductor paths  93   a,    93   b  leading to sequence module  95 . The sequence module scans the inputs from every reactor in a predetermined order and passes the sequenced information to the mapping unit  96  to store the inputs as a dot pattern or pixel map. The mapping unit functions primarily as a memory device that maps each reactor&#39;s reading to a corresponding address in the mapping unit&#39;s memory. It is understood and anticipated that all the reactors could also be wired more directly to there respective location in the mapping unit. Imaging electronics is well known and many standards already exist. We are making no claims about the electronic details of storing or manipulating the image after capture. 
         [0044]    While we make no claim on the storage or manipulation electronics, it is important to understand that the capture of the image can be stored and utilized. The following is one possible logic flow for captured image pixels. 
         [0045]    The mapping unit  96  holds an unaltered map of the reactor readings as the raw map, and passes a copy of the map to memory unit  97 . The memory unit&#39;s image of the map may be adjusted and manipulated by the controls of image controller  98 . The image controller could make adjustments such as brightness, contrast and other image manipulations. It is anticipated that information external to the device could be brought in through the controller, through conventional ports, so that external information could be mixed or superimposed over the map to make complex composite images. 
         [0046]    The manipulated map of the memory unit is passed both to standard output device  101  and to video display  99 . The video display is controlled by video control  100 , which may include controls such as brightness or image magnification. 
         [0047]    The sensor unit is preferably flexible, durable and thin. It is anticipated that know methods may be used to assemble the layers of the sensor, most likely utilizing polymer sheets, and known printing, deposition or etching processes.