Abstract:
The present invention describes a valve mechanism for refrigerating machines compressors. More specifically, the valve mechanism operates to allow the equalization of pressure between the compression chamber of a reciprocating compressor and the discharge volume of the same compressor. This equalization is aimed at reducing the torque required for departure. The present invention lies in the field of mechanical engineering, more specifically in the field of fluid and cooling mechanics.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0001]    The present invention describes a valve mechanism for compressors. The present invention lies in the field of mechanical engineering, more specifically in the field of fluid and cooling mechanics. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    Among the various technological resources that are currently used, the compression refrigeration systems stand out for their wide versatility that attends the needs current days. Whether in a simple refrigerator, air conditioning, or even in large refrigeration plants, cooling systems compression enabled large steps in the evolution of the various technical fields. 
         [0003]    Current compressors have small size, low power consumption, besides other large implementations aimed at lower costs and higher productivity. 
         [0004]    One of the most critical points in the operation of a compressor is the time of its initial starting when the machine is turned on for the first time or after a long time without working, both from the high mechanical stress point of view, that from the point of view of large engine power request that it moves. Currently, most domestic compressors fitted refrigerators have a capacitor that permits greater availability of energy for the electric motor at the time of starting the cooling system. Largely, this need for increased power at the time of departure is due to the pressure differential between the discharge volume and the cavity of the compressor. 
         [0005]    In addition to the inertia of the mechanisms, the aforementioned pressure differential makes the starting of compressors reciprocal, the moment of greatest energy consumption, and request of electromechanical components involved. 
         [0006]    Solving the differential pressure problem between the discharge volume and the cavity of the compressor, becomes, therefore, a notorious goal, that being solved involves lighter compressors with fewer devices, more robust and less costly operation from an energy point of view. 
         [0007]    In search of prior art on scientific and patent literature, were not found documents suggesting or anticipating the teachings of the present invention, so that the solution proposed here possesses novelty and inventive activity in relation to the prior art. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0008]    Thus, the present invention aims to solve the listed problems in the art, from a valve system able to equalize the pressure between a pressurized medium and a first pressurized medium so as to reduce the starting load of the middle pressurizer. 
         [0009]    In a first aspect, the present invention provides an equalization system of compressor pressure, comprising:
       a. at least one primary mechanism of valve ( 3 ) provided pressure equalization means between the discharge volume ( 8 ) and inlet volume ( 9 ); and   b. at least one secondary valve mechanism ( 2 ) provided with means to hold the backflow of the pressurized working fluid comprised in the output line of the compressor;       
 
         [0012]    wherein the primary valve mechanism ( 3 ) is comprised upstream of the valve mechanism ( 2 ) and the secondary valve mechanism ( 2 ) is downstream of the primary valve mechanism ( 3 ) and in fluid communication with the line compressor output. 
         [0013]    In a second aspect, the present invention provides a pressure equalization method for compressors, where the primary valve mechanism ( 3 ) promotes pressure equalization between the discharge volume ( 8 ) and inlet volume ( 9 ) to a time before the start of the compressor. 
         [0014]    In a third aspect, the present invention provides the use of pressure equalization system for compressors, where the system is as defined in the present invention and the compressor being a hermetic compressor for refrigeration systems. 
         [0015]    Furthermore, the inventive concept common to all the claimed protection contexts refers to a device capable of equalizing the pressure between compressor chambers in order to avoid the need for high loads at the time of starting of said compressors. 
         [0016]    These and other objects of the invention will be immediately appreciated by those versed in the art and by companies with interests in the sector, and will be described in sufficient detail to reproduce in the following description. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES 
         [0017]    In order to better define and clarify the content of this patent application, these figures are presented: 
           [0018]      FIG. 1  illustrates a reciprocating compressor provided with an equalization pressure system, according to the present invention. 
           [0019]      FIG. 2  shows a second embodiment for the present invention, where one may observe a reciprocating compressor allocated in a hermetical case ( 10 ) provided with pressure equalization system allocated on the outside of said hermetic case ( 10 ). 
           [0020]      FIG. 3  shows an embodiment of the present invention, where the primary valve mechanism ( 3 ) and the secondary valve mechanism ( 2 ) are allocated in the hermetic volume ( 1 ), bounded by hermetic case ( 10 ). 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0021]    It is a first object of the present invention, to provide a pressure equalization system compressor, comprising:
       a. at least one primary valve mechanism ( 3 ) provided pressure equalization means between the discharge volume ( 8 ) and inlet volume ( 9 ); and   b. at least one secondary valve mechanism ( 2 ) provided with means to hold the backflow of the pressurized working fluid comprised in the output line of the compressor;       
 
         [0024]    wherein the primary valve mechanism ( 3 ) is comprised upstream of the valve mechanism ( 2 ) and the secondary valve mechanism ( 2 ) is downstream of the primary valve mechanism ( 3 ) and in fluid communication with the line compressor output. 
         [0025]    In one embodiment, the compressor proposed by the present invention is comprised within a hermetic volume ( 1 ) enclosed in a hermetic case ( 10 ). 
         [0026]    In one embodiment, the system proposed by the present invention is applied in cooling systems. 
         [0027]    It is a second object of the present invention to provide a pressure equalization method in compressors where the primary valve mechanism ( 3 ) promotes pressure equalization between the discharge volume ( 8 ) and inlet volume ( 9 ) in a time before the start of the compressor. 
         [0028]    In one embodiment, said pressure equalization promotion is initiated by receiving a starting signal from compressor. 
         [0029]    It is a third and last object of the present invention to provide the use of pressure equalization system for compressors, where the system is as defined in the present invention and the compressor is a hermetic compressor for refrigeration systems. 
       EXAMPLE 1 
     Realization 
       [0030]    The examples shown herein are intended to illustrate only one of many ways of performing the invention, but without limiting the scope thereof. 
         [0031]    According to  FIG. 1 , the system of the present invention comprises a hermetic volume ( 1 ) contained within a hermetic case ( 10 ).  FIG. 1  shows a primary valve mechanism ( 3 ) responsible for equalizing pressure between the discharge volume ( 8 ) and inlet volume ( 9 ), wherein said primary valve mechanism ( 3 ) to be released, depressurizes the discharge volume ( 8 ) in hermetic volume ( 1 ). Once the inlet volume ( 9 ) in pressure equilibrium with the hermetic volume ( 1 ), the pressure between the discharge volumes ( 8 ) becomes the same to said inlet volume ( 9 ). 
         [0032]      FIG. 1  also displays the secondary valve mechanism ( 2 ) responsible for preventing the working fluid that has been pressurized in the compressor outlet line does not return. This secondary valve mechanism ( 2 ) it is necessary for the pressure equalization between the primary valve mechanisms proposed ( 3 ) does not affect the remainder of the pressurized fluid line after the compressor. 
         [0033]      FIG. 1  further illustrates a compression chamber ( 4 ) provided with fluid outlet valve ( 6 ) and a fluid intake valve ( 7 ) operating in synchronization with the piston ( 5 ), fundamental for the functioning of an alternative compressor. 
         [0034]      FIG. 2  depicts a variant of the first embodiment where both the primary valve mechanism ( 3 ) and the secondary valve mechanism ( 2 ) have been allocated within the hermetic volume ( 1 ), bounded by hermetic case ( 10 ). 
       EXAMPLE 2 
     Realization 
       [0035]      FIG. 3  shows a second possible embodiment for the present invention. As in the first embodiment, the system of this second embodiment comprises a hermetic volume ( 1 ) contained within a hermetic case ( 10 ).  FIG. 3  also shows a primary valve mechanism ( 3 ) responsible for equalizing pressure between the discharge volume ( 8 ) and inlet volume ( 9 ), wherein said primary valve mechanism ( 3 ) when released, depressurized discharge volume ( 8 ) in an external duct ( 11 ) linking the primary valve mechanism ( 3 ) to the inlet volume ( 9 ), or to any duct that joins to said inlet volume ( 9 ). Once the inlet volume ( 9 ) in pressure equilibrium with the external duct ( 11 ) between the discharge pressure volumes ( 8 ) becomes the same to said inlet volume ( 9 ). 
         [0036]    Still in  FIG. 3 , it is possible to observe the secondary valve mechanism ( 2 ) responsible for preventing the working fluid that has been pressurized in the compressor outlet line, returns. As in the first embodiment, the secondary valve mechanism ( 2 ) it becomes necessary so that the pressure equalization between the primary valve mechanisms proposed ( 3 ) does not affect the remainder of the pressurized fluid line after the compressor. 
         [0037]    Those skilled in the art will value the knowledge presented herein, and may reproduce the invention shown in the embodiments, and in further variations which fall within the scope of the appended claims.