Abstract:
An apparatus and method for encoding data in a text format such as ASCII or EBCDIC on a laser disc or compact disc without affecting the digitized sound by utilizing what is known as the subcode channel of the laser disc or compact disc. By storing text data in the subcode channel region as described herein, it is possible to create subtitles for movies in a number of languages such that the language in which the subtitles appear is user selectable. In this manner, it is possible to create laser discs having subtitle information in, for example, ten languages thereby avoiding the necessity of creating ten separate laser discs, each having a different language used for subtitling.

Description:
This is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 211,355 filed Jun. 24, 1988 now U.S. Pat. No. 4,942,551 which issued Jul. 17, 1990. 
    
    
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention is an apparatus and method for encoding data in text format on a laser disc or compact disc without affecting the digitized sound by utilizing what is known as the subcode channel of the laser disc or compact disc. The subcode channel is a portion of a laser or compact disc which is reserved for information other than digitized audio data. Presently, laser discs use 95% of their audio capacity, and compact discs use 95% of their entire capacity, to store digitized sound in an area called the main channel, leaving 5% for what is called the subcode channel or area. The main channel and the subcode channel of a laser disc are organized and used like the main channel and subcode channel of an audio compact disc. The subcode channel, which corresponds to about 30 megabytes of data capacity, whether on a compact disc or a laser disc, to the extent it is utilized at all, is usually used for graphics information or MIDI information as described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 211,355 U.S. Pat. No. 4,942,551 filed: Jun. 24, 1988 (MIDI) and U.S. Ser. No. 287,423, U.S. Pat. No. 4,992,886 filed: Dec. 20, 1988 (graphical). In order to access subcode data, it is necessary for a laser or compact disc player to include a decoder to decode the subcode data. To make text encoded data (e.g., ASCII or EBCDIC) stored in the subcode area available for display or other use, it is necessary to modify the player to include subcode decoding circuitry, if not already present, and include appropriate software to access and use the text encoded data. In this connection, if a laser disc or compact disc player includes a graphics decoder, most of the necessary circuitry would be included in the graphics decoder. If a graphics decoder is not present, the necessary circuitry would need to be added to access the text data encoded in the subchannel area according to present invention. In either event, additional software is needed convert the text data in the subcode channel to a form capable of being displayed on a television or other monitor. 
     By storing text data in the subchannel region as described herein, it is possible to create subtitles for movies in a number of languages such that the language in which the subtitles appear is user selectable. In this manner, it is possible to create laser discs having subtitle information in, for example, ten languages thereby avoiding the necessity of creating ten separate laser discs each having a different language used for subtitling. 
     Inasmuch as the present invention is for encoding subtitling information on laser discs, the description herein will be directed to laser discs rather than compact discs, although it should be understood that the techniques described herein would also apply to compact discs, since as noted above, the main channel and subcode channel of laser discs and compact discs are identical for all practical purposes. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 shows the format of a subcode data pack for a laser disc or compact disc. 
     FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the components needed to practice the present invention. 
     FIG. 3 is a schematic of a circuit for implementing encoder interface logic 21. 
     FIG. 4a shows an encoding scheme for storing header information for a sequence of subcode packs which contain text encoded data. 
     FIG. 4b shows an encoding scheme for storing text encoded data in a subcode data pack following the pack containing the header information. 
     FIG. 4c shows an encoding scheme for the subcode data pack which contains the End of System Exclusive command. 
     FIG. 5 shows a flow diagram of a computer program for converting raw text encoded data to subcode data. 
     FIG. 6 is a hierarchical diagram of a computer program for reading subcode data stored on a floppy or hard disk to RAM for access by encoder interface logic 21. 
     FIG. 7 shows a flow diagram of a computer program for reading data passed by decoder 29 and converting the data to text for display on a monitor or television screen. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     Laser discs, by an industry standard, set aside 5% of the possible audio data storage area for data other than audio. In other words, 95% of the possible data storage is used to store a digitized sound track. The reserved 5% portion known as the subcode channel, in effect, stores purely numerical data in a specified format. In particular, data in the subcode channel is stored in packs of 24 words with each word consisting of 6 bits labeled R, S, T, U, v and W respectively as shown in FIG. 1. Each of the bits in the subcode channel is one of 6 sub channels. Details regarding the format of subcode data on a compact disc are set forth in a document known as the &#34;Red Book&#34; which is a technical specification created by Philips N.V. and Sony Corporation entitled &#34;Compact Disc Digital Audio System Description.&#34; The foregoing details are found in the section entitled &#34;Sub Channels R, S, T, U, v and W.&#34; 
     The invention is directed to a technique for converting text information into subcode data which may be recorded, for example, on a transportable hard disk or floppy diskettes for subsequent conversion to signals which are input to a laser disc encoder which places the text information into the subcode channel. Alternatively, the subcode data may be directly converted into a form usable by a laser disc encoding device. A block diagram illustrating the various components needed to convert the text information into data which may be encoded into the subcode channel of a laser disc is shown in FIG. 2 as text source 11, computer 15 which, under control of program 15a performs the conversion from text encoded data to subcode data, disk 17 which stores the subcode data, computer 19 with encoder interface logic 21 which, under control of program 19a generates signals to be input to laser disc encoding device 23, and laser disc encoding device 23 which places digitized video data and digitized audio main channel data and subcode data onto laser disc 25. Laser disc player 27 with subcode channel decoder 29 passes as its output data from the subcode channel which is converted by a character generator and display software 31 for display on a video display 33 such as a television. Laser disc player 27 and decoder 29 and video display 33 are devices well known in the prior art available from various sources including Pioneer Corporation. 
     Source 11 may be any source of text encoded data such as a file created by a word processor containing lines of dialog. In the preferred embodiment, one text file, shown as text file 1 through text file N in FIG. 2, where N is the number of different languages for which it is desired to encode subtitle data, is created for each of the N languages. Computers 15 and 19 may be any general purpose digital computer. In the preferred embodiment, an IBM PC/AT or compatible is used. The software necessary to convert the text encoded data to subcode data will be described below. The subcode data created by the program 15a in computer 15 is written to disk 17 which is a standard floppy diskette or other transportable medium for data storage. A transportable medium is used because the text encoded data is generally created at a different time and place than that at which the laser disc is encoded with the digitized audio data and text encoded data. 
     When the laser discs are to be produced, the text encoded data on floppy diskette or other magnetic media 17 is read by computer 19 and converted by program 19a and interface board 21 into the necessary electrical signals needed to drive laser disc encoder 23. Interface board 21, as shown in FIG. 3, takes bytes of subcode data including text information which have been loaded into RAM 41 from disk 17 and using serial to parallel shift register 45, loads buffer 47 with R, S, T, U and v subcode data. RAM 41 is loaded with the subcode data under program 19a control which reads disk 17, and places the data on bus 42 for storage in RAM 41. The details concerning the foregoing components of board 21 are well within the skills of those skilled in the relevant art and, therefore will not be set forth herein. Similarly, encoder 23 is a standard laser disc mastering/pressing apparatus available from Phillips N.V., Sony Corporation, Matsushita and others which may need to be modified to accept the signals generated by interface board 21. The specific modifications which may be needed are dependent upon the particulars of the encoder and would be readily apparent to persons skilled in the art and therefore will not be described herein. 
     The details concerning the programs 15a and 19a used to convert text data into a form which may be converted into signals for use by encoder 23 are as follows. 
     An example of how text data may be encoded into subcode packs is shown in FIGS. 4a, 4b, and 4c with FIG. 4a showing the format of a subcode pack for a header record of subtitling information, FIG. 4b showing the format of a subcode pack for a data record containing subtitling information and FIG. 4c showing the format of a subcode pack for a data record containing an end of system exclusive command. In this example, the packs are encoded as having MIDI data by setting Mode=3 and Item=0 in word 1. In word 2, subchannels T-W, &#34;1100&#34; is placed indicating that the pack contains 12 MIDI bytes. Words 2 and 3 contain required parity data. The first entry is specified as initiating a system exclusive by placing &#34;11110000&#34; in word 4, subchannels R-W and word 5 subchannels R and S. A manufacturer&#39;s I.D. is placed in word 5, subchannels T-W, words 6-8, subchannels R-W and word 9, subchannels R and S. The manufacturer&#39;s I.D. is unique to a manufacturer of MIDI equipment and is assigned by MMA (MIDI Manufacturers Association) and the JMSC (Japan MIDI Standards Committee). Word 9, subchannels T-W and word 10, subchannels R- U always contain &#34;00100001&#34; to specify that subtitle data follows. If the text data in the subcode packs is used for something other than subtitle data, another code could be used to distinguish that other use. In this connection, the particular code used in word 9, subchannels T-W and word 10, subchannels R-U, was chosen arbitrarily and does not form part of the present invention. In this connection, it should also be understood that the particular codes in words 0, 1 and words 4-9 through subchannels R and S are needed to conform to MIDI and Red Book standards, and may be changed if such standards change or if it is not necessary to conform to such standards. Following the subtitle identifier in the header record are the fields Language Number, Subtitle Number LSB, Subtitle Number MSB, Beginning Row for Subtitle, Beginning Column for Subtitle Column Width and Row Height, each having a length of seven bits plus a leading binary 0. 
     Although the seven available bits allows each of the foregoing fields to range between 0 and 127, generally, the data in such fields, as a practical matter, cannot take all possible values in the range. For example, the field Language Number represents the number of different languages in which subtitle information has been included on the laser disc, and typically ranges from 1 upto approximately 20. The fields Subtitle Number LSB and Subtitle Number MSB represent the least significant byte and the most significant byte of a particular subtitle number. Thus, fourteen bits of data are used for the Subtitle Number meaning that the Subtitle Number can range from 0 to 16,383. In this connection, it should be noted that generally, there is one subtitle for each line of dialog or several lines of dialog associated with a particular scene. Additionally, each language does not necessarily have the same number of lines of dialog since a more verbose language may require two or more subtitles to represent the same dialog as can be represented in a single subtitle in a less verbose language. However, such specific details do not form part of the invention, and the specific details relating thereto are not needed for a proper understanding of the invention. 
     Beginning Row For Subtitle represents a row from 0 to a number (MaxRow-1) which is one less than the row at which the subtitle information is to start where row 0 is the uppermost row which can be displayed and MaxRow-1 is the lowermost row which can be displayed. Similarly, Beginning Column for Subtitle represents a column from 0 to a number (MaxCol-1) which is one less than the column at which the subtitle information is to start where column 0 is the leftmost column which can be displayed and MaxCol-1 is the rightmost column which can be displayed. 
     Column Width is a number from 1 to MaxCol which represents the maximum number of columns which can be displayed containing subtitle information and Row Height is a number from 1 to MaxRow representing the maximum number of rows which can be displayed containing subtitle information. A typical value of MaxCol is 64 and a typical value of MaxRow is 16. However, these values may differ depending on the size and font to be displayed when the text data appears on the television or other monitor. Further, it should be recognized that all the information in the header record forms part of the files containing the text information from text source 11. In the preferred embodiment, there is one header record for each separate subtitle which is to be shown. The specific details concerning the relationships between lines of dialog, scenes and subtitles are decided in advance when the text input files are created and do not form part of the present invention. 
     Once a subcode pack with the system exclusive command has been specified, the rest of that subcode pack and subsequent subcode packs may be defined in any manner until an end of system exclusive command appears which is defined as &#34;11110111&#34; as shown in FIG. 4c. Using this scheme, a text encoded data entry may be defined (referring to FIG. 4b), in words 4 thru 19 of a subcode pack. This allows 12 seven bit characters to be represented in each subcode pack after the subcode pack containing the header record and before the last pack containing the end of system exclusive command. 
     By using the system exclusive MIDI format, inasmuch as only the first subcode pack contains the system exclusive command, and header information, and only the last pack contains the end of system exclusive command, excepting for the first and last packs, there are 96 bits available for data in each subcode pack. 
     However, due to a MIDI standard requirement concerning the storage of MIDI data in system exclusive messages that each 8 bit MIDI byte begin with a 0, it is necessary (assuming that the text is encoded as 8 bit ASCII bytes) to encode 8 bit ASCII bytes into a 7 bit field. This is accomplished by shifting each ASCII byte by one bit. For example, assuming that the 8 bits in the first byte are represented by A, the 8 bits in the second byte are represented by B, the eight bits in the third byte are represented by C and so on, if the ASCII data in a subcode pack formatted as shown in FIGS. 4a, 4b and 4c were extracted and placed in a column 8 bits wide, it would appear as follows: 
     
         __________________________________________________________________________11110000   (System Exclusive)00000000   (Manufacturer&#39;s ID)000000000000000100100001   (Subtitle Data Type)0LLLLLLL   (Language No. where LLLLLLL is 1 to No. of Languages)0SSSSSSS   (Subtitle No. LSB)0SSSSSSS   (Subtitle No. MSB)0RRRRRRR   (Beginning Row where RRRRRRR is 0 to MaxRow-1)0CCCCCCC   (Beginning Column where CCCCCCC is 0 to MaxCol-1)0WWWWWWW   (Column Width where WWWWWWW is 1 to MaxCol)0HHHHHHH   (Row Height where RRRRRRR is 1 to MaxRow)0AAAAAAA   (First Seven Bits of Byte 1 of Subtitle)0ABBBBBB   (Bit 8 of Byte 1 and First Six Bits of Byte 2)0BBCCCCC   (Bits 7-8 of Byte 2, Bits 1-5 of Byte 3)0CCCDDDD   (Bits 6-8 of Byte 3, Bits 1-4 of Byte 4)0DDDDEEE   (Bits 5-8 of Byte 4, Bits 1-3 of Byte 5)0EEEEEFF   (Bits 4-8 of Byte 5, Bits 1-2 of Byte 6)0FFFFFFG   (Bits 3-8 of Byte 6, Bit 1 of Byte 7)0GGGGGGG   (Bits 2-8 of Byte 7)   .   .0ZZZZZZ    (End of Subtitle Content)11110111   (End of System Exclusive)__________________________________________________________________________ 
    
     If the last MIDI byte before the System Exclusive is not completely filled, it should have trailing binary zeroes. 
     A suitable program 15a in C source code for executing in computer 15 to convert ASCII data from ASCII source 11 to suitable subcode data is attached hereto as Appendix 1. The embodiment shown in Appendix 1 uses an encoding scheme as shown in FIGS. 4a, 4b and 4c, with each language in a separate file 1-N which are interleaved such that contiguous subcode packs contain a subtitle header followed by one or more subcode packs containing the first subtitle for the first language, followed by a subtitle header, followed by one or more subcode packs containing the first subtitle for the second language, and so on for each language and for each subtitle. 
     The purpose of the program 15a is to place the ASCII data from source 11 into subcode pack format by adding the necessary mode, item and command entries, and determining and adding the six parity words. 
     A flow diagram showing the functions of computer program 15a executing in computer 15 which performs the encoding process and generates a subcode data disk 17 is shown in FIG. 5. The program starts at step 101 by initializing LANGUAGE COUNTER 1 (L1) to 1.  Step 102 checks if a subtitle file exists in the current disk directory named, for example, SUBTx.ASC (where x=L1). The format of the data in each subtitle file is as follows: ##STR1## 
     If the file exists, step 103 reads in the location, size, start time and text for each subtitle in the file, calculating the number of subtitles as each is read in, and stores such information in the encoding program&#39;s memory. LANGUAGE COUNTER 1 (L1) is then incremented in step 104, and the next language&#39;s subtitle file is searched for in step 2. This continues until no more subtitle files exist. 
     Step 105 then initializes SUBCODE DATA TIME (T) to 0, and LANGUAGE COUNTER 2 (L2) to 1. The subcode data file is opened in step 106, setting the current file position to the beginning of the file. SUBCODE DATA TIME (T) is compared to the end time of the disk to be produced in step 107, to see if the encoding process is complete. 
     If it is not, LANGUAGE COUNTER 2 (L2) is compared to LANGUAGE COUNTER 1 (L1) in step 108, and reset to 1 in step 109 if they are equal. This is so the subtitles will cycle back to the first language after the last. The correct subtitle data for the language specified by LANGUAGE COUNTER 2 (L2), at the time specified by SUBCODE DATA TIME (T) is then recovered from the encoding program&#39;s memory, and is converted into MIDI subcode format in step 110. Step 110 also generates the System Exclusive, Manufacturer&#39;s ID, Subtitle Data Type, and End of System Exclusive commands as shown in FIGS. 4a and 4c and calculates parity symbols for the current pack, i.e., calculates non-q (&#34;p&#34;) parity and q parity according to the Red Book. 
     This subcode data is then written at the current file position in the subcode data file in step 111 according to the subcode pack layout as shown in FIGS. 4a, 4b and 4c, advancing the current file position to the end of the data written. The number of subcode data packs written is then added to SUBCODE DATA TIME (T) in step 112, so the time matches the position in the subcode data file. Lastly, in step 113, LANGUAGE COUNTER 2 (L2) is incremented to cycle through the languages, and the SUBCODE DATA TIME (T) is again compared to the end time of the disk in step 107. This continues until the entire subcode data file for the disk has been written. It should be noted that all the subtitle information written to subcode data disk 17 is obtained from text file 11 except for the fields Language Number, Subtitle Number LSB and Subtitle Number MSB. This information is generated by the above described computer program wherein Language Number is L1, and Subtitle Number LSB and Subtitle Number MSB are obtained from the number of subtitles counted in step 103. 
     A suitable program 19a in C source code and Microsoft Macro Assembler for executing in computer 19 to move subcode data from a file on hard or floppy disk 17 to the computer&#39;s random access memory (RAM) is attached hereto as Appendix 2. The data in RAM is then accessed by encoder interface logic 21 by direct memory access (DMA) and presented to compact disc encoder 23 as parallel electronic signals. Encoder 23 uses these signals in conjunction with video and main channel audio data from another source to cut the master for a laser disc with subcode data. 
     A description of each of the routines of the program follows. A hierarchy chart which describes which function calls which sub-functions is shown in FIG. 6. 
     MAIN() 
     Requests and receives the file name for the subcode data on hard or floppy disk 17. It passes this name to the &#34;playback&#34; routine which actually handles the data transfer. Upon return, &#34;main&#34; requests another file name and repeats the operation until stopped by a &#34;control C&#34; or &#34;control break&#34;. 
     PLAYBACK (FILENAME) 
     This routine opens the file of subcode data and returns if there is an error. If there is no error it invokes &#34;dmaseton&#34; which initializes encoder interface logic 21 to begin accessing and transferring data to encoder 23 when the board receives an electronic signal to do so. &#34;Playback&#34; then invokes &#34;readdat&#34; which reads data from the file, adds synchronization bytes according to the &#34;Red Book&#34; and moves the data to one of two data buffers in RAM. In the present embodiment of the program, each data buffer is 8134 bytes and is capable of holding 83 packets of subcode data. Another call to &#34;readdat&#34; is used to fill the second buffer, the &#34;waitint&#34; is called which waits for a signal from the encoder. When that signal is detected, &#34;playback&#34; calls &#34;readdat&#34; again to re-fill the first buffer and &#34;waitint&#34; to wait for a signal that the second buffer has been read and transferred. This process continues with data being read into one buffer while encoder interface logic 21 transfers data from the other buffer until all data from the file has been transferred. &#34;Playback&#34; invokes &#34;dmaoff&#34; to effectively shut down interface logic 21 activity, and closes the disk file containing subcode data and returns to &#34;main&#34;. 
     READDAT (BUFNUM) 
     This routine is passed &#34;bufnum&#34; which indicates if the data should be transferred to the first or second buffer. &#34;Readdat&#34; begins by reading 83 packets worth of data from the subcode file on disk 17. Since the disk file does not contain sychronization bytes S0 and S1 (explained in the &#34;red book&#34;), there are only 96 bytes for each packet in the file. Thus, the program attempts to read 83×96 bytes=7968 bytes. If there are less than 7968 bytes left in the file, whatever data there is on the file is read in and binary zeroes are added to the end of the data to pad it out to 7698 bytes. If the read attempt detects no data (as in the read after a partial read), the program returns to &#34;playback&#34; with a status of end-of-file. 
     The data read from the file is moved packet by packet --96 bytes at a time--to the buffer area indicated by &#34;bufnum&#34;. Before each move to the buffer, an S0 byte and an S1 byte are added before the 96 bytes of data read making a move of 98 bytes to the buffer. In this manner, the buffer contains all the S0 and S1 data needed for the encoder. 
     DMASETON() 
     Begins channel 1 DMA from 2C00:0 to 2C00:(83 * 98)d--wrap around mode. Calls &#34;dma --  on&#34; to actually initialize initialize the DMA controller of computer 19 and set up the DMA channel. 
     DMA ON() 
     Sets up DMA channel 1 for 7.35 khz transfer of subcode bytes to encoder interface logic 21. The details for this may be found in the IBM PC Technical Reference Guide. 
     DMA --  OFF() 
     Stops DMA on channel 1 (subcode) by setting ch 1 mask bit. 
     WAIT --  INT() 
     Waits for a change in bit 15 of the DMA controller&#39;s output count register accessed using routine &#34;get --  dma --  count&#34; (indicating a buffer boundary crossing--end of buffer). 
     GET --  DMA --  COUNT() 
     Reads the contents of the remaining count register of DMA channel 1 and returns the count. 
     The process for decoding the text information placed into the subchannel region for placement on television monitor or screen as subtitle information is also performed by a computer program 31 which in the preferred embodiment is stored in a ROM for execution by a microprocessor within laser disc player 27. However, specific implementation details for adding such a ROM and processor to a laser disc player do not form a part of the invention, are not needed for an understanding of the invention and therefore are described herein. Additionally, the specifics by which characters to be displayed are formed and displayed are well known in the art and are therefore not described herein. In this connection, the inventive features of program 31 are shown in FIG. 7, which program starts by checking if there is any MIDI data being sent by decoder 29 in step 121. If MIDI data is being sent, the MIDI system exclusive message is read in step 122, and decoded to extract the subtitle number, beginning row and column, column width, row height, text and language number in step 123. This subtitle data is then stored in a memory by program 31 at a different location for each language in step 124. Processing then returns to step 121. 
     When not busy reading MIDI data, e.g., before a System Exclusive has been received, or after an End of System Exclusive has been received, step 125 checks if the subtitle number of the most recent MIDI data sent has changed, for the current language being displayed. If it has, the last subtitle displayed is erased in step 126, and the new subtitle is displayed in step 127. Processing then returns to step 121. 
     When no MIDI data is being sent, and the subtitle number has not changed for the current language, step 128 checks if a new language has been selected by an input generated by a user, for example, by pressing a button on a remote control unit which generates a signal interpreted by program 31 as a request to change language. If one has, the last subtitle displayed is erased in step 129, and the current subtitle for the new language is displayed in step 130. Processing then returns to step 121. ##SPC1##