Abstract:
A circuit for maintaining the potential of a node of a MOS dynamic circuit using a repetitive charging circuit to hold the potential higher than a source voltage without supplying a steady current to the node. The potential is maintained until a reset signal is applied to the MOS dynamic circuit.

Description:
This is a continuation of co-pending application Ser. No. 240,230 filed on Mar. 3, 1981 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to a circuit for maintaining the potential of a node point of a MOS dynamic circuit. The circuit of the present invention is applicable to, for example, a dynamic memory circuit. 
     In general, when a MOS dynamic circuit is used in such a manner that the potential of a node existing in the MOS dynamic circuit is supplied to a load circuit to control the operation of the load circuit, a problem is encountered in that the potential of the node tends to be lowered due to the occurrence of junction leakage current and tailing current in the transistors connected to the node, and, accordingly, the potential of the node against be maintained at a predetermined value. This problem is serious, particularly in the case where the frequency of the operation of the MOS dynamic circuit is low. 
     The junction leakage current is the leakage current which flows through a PN junction forming the source or drain of the MOS field effect transistors connected to the node. The tailing current is the leakage current which flows through the drain and the source of the transistor connected to the node under the condition that the gate-source voltage of said transistor is lower than the threshold voltage of said transistor. 
     A prior art circuit for maintaining the potential of a node is illustrated in FIG. 1. In the circuit of FIG. 1, a repetitive charging circuit 4&#39; is connected to the node (ND). The repetitive charging circuit 4&#39; comprises MOD field effect transistor 46 and the drain of the transistor 47 are connected to the supply source voltage V cc . The source of the transistor 46 is connected to the source of the transistor 47. The drain of the transistor 46 and the gate of the transistor 47 are connected to one electrode of the capacitor 48. A pumping clock signal 85 is supplied to the other electrode of the capacitor 48. 
     The repetitive charging circuit 4&#39; of FIG. 1 operates as follows. When the potential of the node (ND) is HIGH and the potential of the signal S5 is LOW, the capacitor 48 is charged by the potential of the node (ND) through the transistor 46 with the voltage &#34;V cc  -V th  &#34;, where the V th  is the threshold voltage of the transistor 46. After that, when the potential of the signal S5 becomes HIGH, the potential of the gate of the transistor 47 is raised higher than V cc  and hence the transistor 47 turns completely ON, and accordingly the node (ND) is charged through the transistor 47 with the voltage V cc . At this time the transistor 46 is in an OFF state because the potentials of the source and the drain thereof are higher than the potential of the gate thereof. After that, when the potential of the signal S5 becomes LOW, the capacitor 48 is again charged. Thus, the above described processes re repeated. Only a small output current on the order of a nano-ampere is required of the repetitive charging circuit, because even such a small current is sufficient for compensating the leakage from the node (ND). 
     However, the prior art circuit of FIG. 1 cannot comply with the requirement that the potential of the node (ND) which is supplied to the load should be maintained higher than V cc . Such a requirement arises in the case of, for example, the dynamic memory circuit illustrated in FIG. 2 where the potential of the node of the circuit of FIG. 1 is used as the signal S(pc) which is supplied to the gates of the transistors Q 4  and Q 5  in the sense amplifier circuit of the dynamic memory circuit. The dynamic memory circuit of FIG. 2 comprises a set of bit lines BL(1) and BL(2), cells and dummy cells connected through transistors Q 11 , Q 21  to the said bit lines, word lines (WL) and dummy word lines (DWL), a line for the signal S(R) and a sense amplifier circuit including the transistors Q 1  and Q 5 . 
     In the dynamic memory circuit of FIG. 2, it is required that the potential of the signal S(pc) be higher than V cc . Usually the value of V cc  is 5 volts and the value of S(pc) is 7 volts. 
     It has been known that, unless the potential of the signal, S(pc) is maintained at a predetermined value higher than Vcc, the dynamic memory circuit as illustrated in FIG. 2 will not operate correctly. For example, if the potential of the signal S(pc), i.e. the gate potential of the transistors Q 4  and Q 5 , is lowered to V cc  +V th , where V th  is the threshold voltage of the transistors Q 4  and Q 5 , the transistors Q 4  and Q 5  become OFF so that the bit lines BL(1) and BL(2) may not be shorted through the voltage source V cc . 
     In this state, if junction leakage current flows in the bit line BL(1) due to a small junction defect, the bit line BL(1) has a larger potential decrease than that of the bit line BL(2). Therefore, the potential relationship between the bit lines BL(1) and BL(2) may become the reverse of the correct relationship when the signal S(L) is applied to the gate of the transistor Q 3  in the sense amplifier circuit. 
     Accordingly, there is a problem in that the potential of a predetermined portion of the dynamic memory circuit, such as illustrated in FIG. 2, cannot be maintained by using the prior art circuit of FIG. 1. 
     The prior art circuit for charging a node in a field effect transistor circuit is disclosed in, for example, the Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 54-160139 and the U.S. Pat. No. 3,986,044. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     It is an object of the present invention to solve the above-described problem of the prior art circuit and provide an improved circuit for maintaining the potential of a node. 
     In accordance with the present invention there is provided a repetitive charging circuit for maintaining the potential of a node of a MOS dynamic circuit. The repetitive charging circuit comprises a device for supplying a charging current to the node from a point the potential of which point is raised higher than the supply source voltage during a predetermined period under the application of a clock signal, whereby the potential of the node is maintained at the predetermined potential higher than the supply source voltage without supplying a steady current to the node until a reset signal is applied to the MOS dynamic circuit. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 illustrates the circuit diagram of a prior art circuit for maintaining the potential of a node; 
     FIG. 2 illustrates a dynamic memory circuit to which the node potential, maintained in accordance with the circuit of the present invention, is to be applied; 
     FIG. 3 illustrates the circuit diagram of a circuit for maintaining the potential of a node of a MOS dynamic circuit as an embodiment of the present invention; 
     FIG. 4 illustrates the changes of the potentials of the portions of the circuit of FIG. 3; and; 
     FIGS. 5, 6 and 7 illustrate modified repetitive charging circuits as alternatives for the repetitive charging circuit in FIG. 3. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     A circuit for maintaining the potential of a node as an embodiment of the present invention is illustrated in FIG. 3. The MOS dynamic circuit 1 comprises MOS field effect transistors 11 and 12. The connecting point 13 between the source of the transistor 11 and the drain of the transistor 12 constitutes a node (ND)13. To the gates 111 and 121 of the transistors 11 and 12 clock pulse signals S1 and S2 are supplied to control the transistors 11 and 12 and accordingly to control the potential of the node 13. The signal S1 acts as a setting signal, while the signal S2 acts as a resetting signal. 
     A load 3, a MOS capacitor 2 and a repetitive charging circuit 4 are connected to the node 13. A clock pulse signal S3 is supplied to one electrode of the capacitor 2. The repetitive charging circuit 4 comprises MOS field effect transistors 41 and 42 and a MOS capacitor 45. The source of the transistor 41 is connected to the drain and the gate of the transistor 42 and one electrode of the capacitor 45. The gate of the transistor 41 and the source of the transistor 42 are connected to he node 13. A clock pulse signal S4 is supplied to the other electrode 451 of the capacitor 45. 
     Without the repetitive charging circuit 4, the potential P nd  of the node 13, which has been brought to HIGH by the input signals S1 and S2, would tend to fall due to the junction leakage current through a PN junction forming the source or drain of the transistors 11 and 12 and the tailing current flowing through the transistor 12. 
     By the repetitive charging current from the repetitive charging circuit 4, the potential P nd  of the node 13 is enhanced higher than the supply source voltage V cc  and is maintained at such an enhanced potential. Such an operation will be explained as follows. The MOS capacitor 2 is charged under the condition that the potential P nd  of the node 13 is HIGH and the potential of the clock signal S3 is LOW. Then, the potential P nd  is raised higher than V cc  due to the boot-strap effect of the capacitor 2 when the potential of the clock signal S3 becomes HIGH, because the node 13 is in a floating state. 
     When the potential P nd  becomes HIG, the transistor 41 turns ON and the capacitor 45 is caused to be charged. Under this condition, when the potential of the signal S4 becomes HIGH, the potential of the connecting point 452 between the transistors 41 and 42 and the capacitor 45 attains the value of the sum of the potential of the signal S4 and the voltage of the capacitor 45 which is approximately equal to V cc , that is a value greater than V cc . Accordingly, the transistor 42 turns ON, and the potential P nd  of the node 13 is raised higher than V cc . No charging is carried out when the potential P nd  of the node 13 is low, because the transistor 41 is in an OFF state then. 
     The signal S4 may be supplied either from the oscillator, provided outside of the chip on which the MOS dynamic circuit and the repetitive charging circuit are arranged, or from the oscillator included in a substrate bias voltage generator provided on said chip. The cycle time of the signal S4 may be selected as a fraction of the time constant for the discharging of the node 13, for example, on the order of several hundred micro seconds. In the case where the output signal of the oscillator included in the substrate bias voltage generator has a cycle time of two to three hundred nano-seconds, frequency division with the ratio 1000:1 should be effected so as to avoid extra power consumption. 
     The changes of the potentials of the portions of the circuit of FIG. 3 are illustrated in FIG. 4. The cycle time of the signal S1 is T(S1) and the cycle time of the signal S4 is T(S4). Comparing the wave form of Pnd with the wave form of P&#39;nd, it is illustrated that the value of Pnd is raised in response to the application of the signal S4. Without the application of the signal S4, the value of P nd  would fall as indicated in the broken line P&#39;nd. 
     A modified repetitive charging circuit as an alternative for the circuit 4 of FIG. 3 is illustrated in FIG. 5. In the repetitive charging circuit 4 of FIG. 5 an additional transistor 43 is provided, the drain and the gate of which are connected to the transistor 41 and the source of which is connected to the drain and the gate of the transistor 42 and one electrode of the capacitor 45. The transistor 43 operates to prevent the reverse current from flowing through the transistor 41. 
     Another modified repetitive charging circuit as an alternative for the circuit 4 of FIG. 3 is illustrated in FIG. 6. In the repetitive charging circuit 4 of FIG. 6 an additional transistor 44 is provided, the drain and the gate of which are connected to the voltage source V cc  and the source of which is connected to the drain of the transistor 41. The transistor 44 operates to preventing reverse current from flowing through the transistor 41. 
     Still another modified repetitive charging circuit as an alternative for the circuit 4 of FIG. 3 is illustrated in FIG. 7. In the repetitive charging circuit 4 of FIG. 7, a clock pulse signal S5 is supplied to the gate 411 of the transistor 41. It is desirable that the clock pulse signal S5 have the same phase relationship as the potential variation of the node ND and have the potential of V cc  as the HIGH level so that power consumption of the repetitive charging circuit 4, which would occur when the potential P nd  of the node 13 is LOW, is reduced.