Abstract:
An acoustic blanket is disclosed for an industrial machine including a plurality of flexible panels, wherein each panel includes at least one layer of a fiber glass material, an outer casing of a chemically resistant material and an attachment for connecting the panel to an adjacent panel, and the plurality of flexible panels are each assigned a position in said blanket corresponding to a location on the industrial machine.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0001]    This invention relates to sound attenuation, and specifically to the reduction of machinery noise levels through use of acoustic blankets.  
           [0002]    Growing environmental sound concerns and recognition that lengthy, unprotected exposure to high industrial noise levels can be detrimental to people have resulted in increased attention to reducing industrial noise. In many countries, particularly those in Europe, the allowable maximum noise levels that workers should be exposed to is regulated by law, through government promulgation of noise level criteria.  
           [0003]    Recent years have seen the enactment of stringent regulatory requirements for acceptable noise levels for industrial machinery such that increasingly lower noise levels are being required. Because of the increased awareness of the harmful effects from high industrial noise levels and government regulations that establish acceptable noise levels in the work place, noise reduction has become an integral part of machinery safety. Noise abatement is a concern with, for example, generator-steam and gas turbine power plants. As demands for electricity increase, the power industry faces increasing challenges to build and operate efficient and quiet power generators, e.g. steam turbines, gas turbines, and electrical generators.  
           [0004]    In an industrial environment, the types of equipment used often emits noise levels that register at high and potentially harmful decibel levels. In a power plant, noise may come from a variety of machine sources, such as generators, gas or steam turbines, fans, pumps, coolers, and other mechanical and electrical equipment, many of which may be in operation simultaneously. Individuals working in such an environment are often faced with the need to reduce the near and far field machinery noise levels. In an environment where individuals work in close proximity to the source(s) of machine noise, near field sound levels must be controlled in order to comply with noise regulating and avoid hearing damage to the workers. Where machine noise can reach areas that are near an industrial plant, it may be prudent to abate far field machine noise to acceptable levels and to avoid broadcasting neighboring communities.  
           [0005]    There are several conventional methods available to reduce generator noise levels. These methods are handicapped by one shortcoming or another. Generally, all are overly costly. In one technique, a noise control housing enclosure covers the generator in its entirety. The cost for this enclosure is excessive. In another technique, barrier walls around a power generator constructed from steel are used to reduce generator noise. Such walls are built around the generator, leaving the top open. The cost for this type of noise reduction treatment is also expensive.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0006]    In a first embodiment, the invention is an acoustic blanket for an industrial machine comprising: a plurality of flexible panels, wherein each panel includes at least one layer of a fiber glass material, an outer casing of a chemically resistant material and an attachment for connecting the panel to an adjacent panel, and said plurality of flexible panels are each assigned a position in said blanket corresponding to a location on the industrial machine.  
           [0007]    In a second embodiment, the invention is a system for reducing the sound in an industrial machine comprising: an acoustic blanket further comprising a quilt of interconnected flexible panels, wherein each panel includes at least one layer of a sound adsorbing material, an outer casing of a chemically resistant material and an attachment for connecting the panel to at least one adjacent panel, wherein each of said panels bears an indicia indicating a position of the panel in said blanket, and a securing device extending over said blanket to hold the blanket onto said machine.  
           [0008]    In a third embodiment, the invention is a method for installing an industrial acoustic blanket on an industrial machine comprising: (a) forming flexible panels wherein each panel includes at least one layer of a sound adsorbing material, an outer casing of a chemically resistant material, and an attachment for connecting the panel to at least one adjacent panel; (b) marking each of said panel with an indicia indicating a position of the panel in said blanket corresponding to a location on the industrial machine; (c) positioning each of said panels the corresponding location of said industrial machine using the indicia to determine the proper location of the panel on the machine; (d) attaching the panels to adjacent panels of the blanket, and (e) securing the blanket to the machine. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0009]    [0009]FIG. 1 illustrates a cross-section of one embodiment of an acoustic blanket section.  
         [0010]    [0010]FIG. 2 illustrates a generator that is covered with an acoustic blanket.  
         [0011]    [0011]FIG. 3 illustrates a method of installing an acoustic blanket.  
         [0012]    [0012]FIG. 4 is a side view of a side section of an acoustic blanket and tie-down strap.  
         [0013]    [0013]FIG. 5 is a graph showing a reduction of generator sound pressure level (SPL) at different frequencies. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
       [0014]    [0014]FIG. 1 illustrates a cross-section of one embodiment of an acoustic blanket section  10 . The acoustic blanket is a quilt of flexible panels  10 . Each panel may have a generally rectangular shape at the main generator body surface, such as 5 meters in length and  6  meters in height, or fan shape at the generator side surfaces. However, the shape of the panel may be tailored to conform to the outer shape of the portion of the machine that the blanket is intended to cover. The thickness of a panel may be in an exemplary range of 5 to 12 centimeters. These dimensions are exemplary. The actual dimensions of a particular acoustic blanket will depend on its application. Moreover, the actual shape of the acoustic blanket may also vary from application to application.  
         [0015]    As shown in FIG. 1, the acoustic panel  10  may be formed of a single or multi-fiberglass layers that have good acoustic damping properties. By way of example, the acoustic panel may include two high density fiberglass layers  12  and  14 , and a low density fiberglass layer  16 , encapsulated with silicon coated fabric or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTEE) sheets  28 . It is preferable that the low density layer  16 , be positioned in the acoustic panel towards the outer surface  20  of the panel and, away from the hot machine. The high density fiberglass layers  12  and  14  may be positioned towards the machine and towards the inner surface  18  of the panel. The high density fiberglass layers  12  and  14  have generally better heat tolerance properties than does the low density fiberglass layer  16 .  
         [0016]    Each panel  10  may include a structural support layer  24 , which may be formed of a mass loaded vinyl material. The structural support material  24  carries much of the lateral load applied to the acoustic blanket. The structural layer  24  is flexible, as in the entire panel  10 . A purpose of the structural layer  24  is to carry any load which might be otherwise applied to the fiberglass layers  12 ,  14  and  16 . Whereas the fiberglass layers provide the good sound absorbing properties, these fiberglass layers tend not to provide strong structural support and may tear apart when placed under tensile stress. Accordingly, a structural support layer  24  carries the tensile loads that may otherwise damage the sound absorbing layers of the acoustic panel. In addition, the structure layer  24  may further reduce noise intensity.  
         [0017]    An outer casing  26  provides a chemically resistant enclosure for the fiberglass and structural support layers of the panel. The outer casing  26  may be formed of front and back sheets  28  of PTEE or silicon rubber coated fabric sections. In addition, the casing  26  may include side sections at the top and ends of the acoustic panel  10  which are also formed of PTEE or silicon rubber boated fabric sections  30 . The fabric sections are secured together, e.g., by stitching, to provide a fabric casing for the fiberglass and structural support layers within the acoustic blanket. The fabric casing  26  may include an end clamp to allow access for the removal of one or more of the inner layers of the panel. At the panel inner surface  18  which is in contact with the hot wall of the machine, an additional fabric section  22  may be used to attach with the section  28  inside the casing  26  for further reducing sound intensity and temperature.  
         [0018]    The acoustic panel  10  and its layers may be held together by tie rods  32  which extend through the panel. The tie rode  32  may include an inner washer  34  and an outer washer and hook  36 . The outer washer and hook  36  may be secured by annealed stainless steel wires  38  to adjacent panels and their respective hooks. The wires hold adjacent panels together to form the acoustic blanket.  
         [0019]    [0019]FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a generator  40 . The acoustic panels are arranged side by side and top to bottom form a blanket covering the generator. The shape of each panel may be specifically designed to fit the surface of the location corresponding to the panel location of the particular generator that the blanket is intended to cove. For example, a particular panel may be shaped as a half-cylinder to cover a protruding portion of the machine. Further, the panels may be prominently numbered so that operators may have an instruction manual for the acoustic blanket, which identifies where each numbered panel  10  is to be applied to the generator. As the panels  10  are applied to the generator, wiring or cabling  38  may be used to secure the panels to each other by looping the wiring around the hooks  36  on adjacent panels.  
         [0020]    The generator  40  in FIG. 2 has a collect end (CE)  44  and a turbine end (TE)  46 . At the collect end  44 , an enclosure  52  (“dog house”), containing the generator accelerator, is attached to the side surface  48 . Results from field measurements show that the enclosure  52  is generally the highest noise source during generator normal operation. In order to reduce SPL effectively, the acoustic blanket used to cover the enclosure may be specifically designed, for instance, using more high density fiberglass layers or large size of acoustic panels for reducing seams. At the turbine end  46 , the generator is coupled with a steam turbine via a coupling. If an enclosure is used to cover the coupling, no blanket is required on the TE end surface  50 . Otherwise, a blanket is needed to cover the TE end surface  50  in a similar pattern on the CE end surface  48 .  
         [0021]    [0021]FIG. 3 is an illustration of an acoustic blanket  60  on a generator (hidden under the generator skirt). The acoustic blanket is formed by the quilt of panels  10 . The outer washer and hook  36  can be seen in the illustration. The position on the panel of the tie rod and associated washer and hook  36  may vary with different acoustic panel designs.  
         [0022]    To ensure the blanket remains secured to the generator, straps  64  may extend around the acoustic blanket and attached to a base  62  of the generator. Tie-down brackets  68  may be provided on the base  62  for the straps. Each strap  64  may extend from one side of the generator, over the top of the acoustic blanket, and to the other side of the generator where it is tied down to the base  62  on a tie down bracket  68  at the other side of the generator. The straps ensure that the acoustic blankets do not become dislodged from the generator due to high winds or other weather conditions.  
         [0023]    [0023]FIG. 4 is an exemplary tie down bracket  68 . The tie down bracket may include a rectangular or hemispheric ring  70  that is pivotably attached to the acoustic blanket to the base  62  of the generator. The strap  64  for the acoustic blanket may loop through the rectangular or hemispheric ring  70 , and loop back over a rectangular ring  52  on the strap. By double looping the end of the strap  64  through rings  70 ,  72  and securing the end  74  of the strap, the strap can be secured to the tie down bracket  68  and tightly cinched to the acoustic blanket  10 .  
         [0024]    The straps may be formed of stainless steel jacketing having a nominal thickness of 0.7 mm. The tie down brackets may use stainless steel buckles and strikers to secure the strap to the base  62  of the generator. Other materials such as nonmetallic materials can be also used to make straps  64 . As do the acoustic panels, the straps may have identification number to assist operators determine where each strap should be positioned along the acoustic blanket and generator  
         [0025]    As an alternative to using straps  64 , a stainless steel mesh may be incorporated as an additional layer  54  on each panel  10  of the acoustic blanket. The stainless steel mesh protects the blanket from abrasion and also from operators who walk across the blanket while the blanket is on the generator or is in storage.  
         [0026]    The acoustic blankets may be attached to the generator frame by several methods in addition to the tie down brackets shown in FIG. 4. For example, the generator frame may be modified to include various welded nuts at appropriate positions to couple with bolts that extend from the panel, such as bolted tie rods  32  into the nuts on the generator. Similarly, nails may be welded directly to the generator frame wall using a capacitor discharge stud welder. The nails extend through the acoustic panels and secure the acoustic panel to the generator.  
         [0027]    Further, the panels may be assembled on the generator and connected by the hooks and wires  36 ,  38 . To secure the assembled blanket to the generator, stainless steel bands around the circumference of the generator may be applied and tightened with a banding tool. This may be particularly useful for hydrogen cooled generators.  
         [0028]    A generator skirt  42  may be applied around a lower circumference of the generator  40 , as is shown in FIG. 2. Usually, the skirt  42  is acoustically treated at its interior to reduce the sound pressure level (SPL) from the generator. The acoustic blanket is thus attached to the skirt. An advantage provided by the generator skirt is that noises generated at the generator lower half section could not transmitted to the outside of the generator If a skirt is used, the acoustic blanket need not cover the entire generator, but need only extend to the upper section of the generator.  
         [0029]    In order to maximize the reduction of sound pressure levels from the generator, it is highly desired to cover the generator outside surface with blankets as much as possible. However, from the standpoint of cost-effectiveness, an alternative embodiment is to cover only certain particularly noisy sections of the generator. Quieter sections of the generator may be opened and not covered by the blanket.  
         [0030]    [0030]FIG. 5 shows a graph  80  of the sound reduction of a generator due to the use of acoustic blankets. In particular, the graph  80  shows that a generator operating with blankets (see line  82 ) is substantially quieter than a generator operation without acoustic blankets (see line  84 ). The graph shows that the sound pressure level (SPL) in decibels is dramatically reduced across most noise frequencies.  
         [0031]    While the invention has been described in connection with what is presently considered to be the most practical and preferred embodiment, it is to be understood that the invention is not to be limited to the disclosed embodiment, but on the contrary, is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.