Abstract:
An object of the present invention is to provide a damper which has a simple structure and allowing the setting of arbitrary torque with smooth reproducibility. The damper includes a shaft member  2  having wings  4   a   , 4   b  which are formed on the outer periphery of a shaft  3,  a cylindrical casing  1  relative-rotatably incorporating the shaft member, and oil chambers A to D which are provided between the outer periphery of the shaft member and the inner periphery of the casing. Protrusions are provided on the inner periphery of the casing so as to be slidable on the outer periphery of the shaft. Communicating paths  5   a   , 5   b  are passed through the shaft to make the communication between a pair of the adjacent oil chambers out of all the oil chambers which are individually surrounded by the wings and the protrusions. At least one of openings of the communicating path is closed by the protrusion  8   a,    8   b  of the casing within a relative-rotating range of the shaft member  2.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0001]    1. Field of the Invention  
           [0002]    This invention relates to a damper which is mounted inside a hinge in order to prevent a cover, e.g. a keyboard cover of a piano, a seat of a toilet, from quickly and forcefully closing because of its own weight when a hand is moved off the cover or from falling while being open.  
           [0003]    2. Description of Related Art  
           [0004]    Some dampers for adjusting rotating torque of a shaft member include a valve mechanism between a shaft and a casing for varying in torque depending on a direction of rotating the shaft or the casing. However, the damper including the valve mechanism in the casing has a complicated structure, a higher number of parts, and a higher number of processing steps, which has poor productivity. For that, some dampers do not have a valve mechanism as illustrating in FIG. 9.  
           [0005]    Referring FIG. 9, a damper has a casing  1 , a rotating shaft  2  mounted in the casing  1 , and a viscous fluid contained between the rotating shaft  2  and the casing  1 . Based on a relative rotation of the rotating shaft  2  or the casing  1 , the flow resistance occurring in a flow path is changed in value in order to change the rotating torque, resulting in the lessened impact.  
           [0006]    As illustrated in FIG. 9, wings  13 ,  14  are formed on the rotating shaft  2 . The rotating shaft  2  has outer diameters of which sizes are varied between the wings  13 ,  14 .  
           [0007]    The casing  1  has a largest inner diameter in the vertical direction of FIG. 9, and protrusions  15 ,  16  protrude inward from the inner face of the casing  1  in the lateral direction.  
           [0008]    Therefore, as the rotating shaft  2  rotates in the direction of the arrow in FIG. 9 to allow the wings  13 ,  14  to approach the protrusions  15 ,  16 , the flow paths  17 ,  18  between the leading ends of the respective wings  13 ,  14  and the inner periphery of the casing  1  are narrowed. This is because the wings  13 ,  14  move to the smaller portions of the inner diameter of the casing  1 .  
           [0009]    Further, as the larger diameter parts of the rotating shaft  2  also approach the protrusions  15 ,  16 , the flow paths  19 ,  20  are also narrowed. Accordingly, with the rotation of the rotating shaft  2  in the direction of the arrow in FIG. 9, the rotating torque increases. It should be noted that, as in the above case, the torque increases when the rotating shaft  2  rotates from the state illustrated in FIG. 9 in the opposite direction of the arrow.  
           [0010]    Specifically, in the event that the wing  13  moves in the range from the protrusion  16  to the protrusion  15 , the rotating torque decreases gradually from a larger torque value, and then increases again. Then, the rotation stops when the wing  13  comes into contact with the protrusion  15 .  
           [0011]    Such a damper is used with a need for higher torque around the starting point and around the ending point of rotation to suppress an abrupt rotation, and for rotation with lower resistance in the middle.  
           [0012]    The damper illustrated in FIG. 9 controls a magnitude of the rotating torque by use of flow resistance created between the inner periphery of the casing  1  and the wings  13 ,  14  or between the protrusions  15 ,  16  and the outer diameter face of the rotating shaft  2 . The flow resistance depends on a sectional area of the flow path. For this reason, an inner diameter of the casing  1  and an outer diameter of the rotating shaft  2  are varied complicatedly. It is difficult to form parts in such complicated configuration. This produces difficulties in forming the casing  1  and the rotating shaft  2  with accuracy. If each of the parts does not have a constant configuration, the assembled damper can not have constant rotating torque.  
           [0013]    Even under a condition that the casing  1  and the rotating shaft  2  are both fabricated with accuracy, if the assembly of the casing  1  and shaft  2  has backlash, a dimension of the flow path will be warped. Likewise, the aimed torque cannot be obtained.  
           [0014]    In order to control the rotating torque, there is a need to strictly manage the accuracy of finishing and the accuracy of assembling.  
           [0015]    Further, in order to adjust the torque to any given value, there is a need to change molds, resulting in an increase in cost.  
           [0016]    Alternatively, there is another manner in which fluid such as oil is changed in viscosity to adjust the torque. However, an arbitrary torque cannot be obtained unless oils or the like having different viscosities are blended. In this manner, there is a need to prepare a large number of kinds of oils or the like having different viscosities, resulting in high costs. Further, considerable effort is spent on the choice of proportion of the oil or the like to obtain a required torque.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0017]    It is an object of the present invention to provide a damper having a simple structure and allowing the setting of arbitrary torque with smooth reproducibility.  
           [0018]    It is another object of the present invention to provide a method of fabricating a damper having arbitrary torque at low cost.  
           [0019]    A damper according to a first aspect of the present invention features a configuration including: a shaft member having a shaft and wings formed on the outer periphery of the shaft; a cylindrical casing relative-rotatably incorporating the shaft member; an oil chamber provided between the outer periphery of the shaft member and the inner periphery of the casing; a protrusion provided on the inner periphery of the casing and slidable on the outer periphery of the shaft; a communicating path passed through the shaft to make the communication between a pair of the adjacent oil chambers out of all the oil chambers individually surrounded by the wings and the protrusions, and having at least one of openings which is to be closed by the protrusion, provided on the casing, within a relative-rotating range of the shaft member.  
           [0020]    A second aspect of the present invention features in that one of the openings of the communicating path is formed at a position allowing the one opening to open toward the oil chamber at all times within the relative-rotating range of the shaft member.  
           [0021]    According to the second aspect, the shaft member has higher rotating torque only in a region of the rotating range of the shaft member than that in other regions thereof. For example, using such damper for a keyboard cover of a piano, the damper is adapted such that the high-torque region of the rotating range is produced before the cover is closed. Thus, the cover can be prevented from quickly and forcefully closing because of its own weight even after a hand is moved off the cover.  
           [0022]    A third aspect of the present invention features in that the protrusions provided on the casing independently close the openings of both ends of the communicating path within the relative-rotating range of the shaft member.  
           [0023]    According to the third aspect, it is possible to set the two high-torque regions within the rotating range of the shaft member. This allows, for example, the cover of the piano to independently keep its upright position when the cover is fully opened, and not to fall with a bang at the final time of closing the cover.  
           [0024]    A fourth aspect of the present invention features in that the protrusion provided on the casing closes the opening of the communicating path at either one or both of the starting and ending points of a relative rotation of the shaft member.  
           [0025]    According to the fourth aspect, it is possible to set the high-torque regions at the starting point and the ending point of rotation.  
           [0026]    A fifth aspect of the present invention features in that a plurality of the communicating paths are provided between the pair of adjacent oil chambers.  
           [0027]    According to the first aspect to the fifth aspect of the present invention, it is possible to provide a damper having a simple structure and allowing the setting of arbitrary torque with smooth reproducibility.  
           [0028]    According to the fifth aspect, it is possible to control a sectional area of the oil flow path by changing the number of communicating paths. For example, if a sectional area of the flow path is adjusted based on the number of communicating paths, the individually communicating paths can be equal in diameter. In this event, varying sectional areas of the flow path can be achieved without changing sizes of perforating tools such as a drill.  
           [0029]    A method of fabricating a damper according to a sixth aspect of the present invention features the steps of: molding a cylindrical casing and a shaft member having wings with use of a mold or die; opening a communicating path through the shaft member with use of a perforating tool; and mounting the shaft member in the casing.  
           [0030]    According to the sixth aspect, the torque can be changed without changing molds or dies. Therefore, the dampers having arbitrary torque can be fabricated at low cost. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0031]    [0031]FIGS. 1A, 1B,  1 C and  1 D are sectional views of a damper of a first embodiment according to the present invention and sequentially illustrate the rotating states of a shaft member, with FIG. 1D illustrating an interrupting state of a communicating path.  
         [0032]    [0032]FIGS. 2A, 2B,  2 C and  2 D are sectional views of a damper of a second embodiment and sequentially illustrate the rotating states of a shaft member, with FIG. 2D illustrating an interrupting state of a communicating path.  
         [0033]    [0033]FIGS. 3A, 3B,  3 C and  3 D are sectional views of a damper of a third embodiment and sequentially illustrate the rotating states of a shaft member, with FIG. 3D illustrating an interrupting state of a communicating path.  
         [0034]    [0034]FIGS. 4A, 4B,  4 C and  4 D are sectional views of a damper of a fourth embodiment and sequentially illustrate the rotating states of a shaft member, with FIGS. 4A and 4D illustrating an interrupting state of a communicating path.  
         [0035]    [0035]FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along the V-V line in FIG. 4B.  
         [0036]    [0036]FIGS. 6A, 6B,  6 C and  6 D are diagrams respectively illustrating examples of a sectional shape of the communicating path.  
         [0037]    [0037]FIGS. 7A, 7B,  7 C and  7 D are sectional views of a damper of a fifth embodiment and sequentially illustrate the rotating states of a shaft member, with FIG. 7D illustrating an interrupting state of a communicating path.  
         [0038]    [0038]FIGS. 8A, 8B,  8 C and  8 D are sectional views of a damper of a sixth embodiment and sequentially illustrate the rotating states of a shaft member, with FIGS. 8B to  8 C illustrating an interrupting state of a communicating path.  
         [0039]    [0039]FIG. 9 is a sectional view of an example of prior art.  
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
       [0040]    [0040]FIGS. 1A, 1B,  1 C and  1 D show a first embodiment according to the present invention.  
         [0041]    As illustrated in FIGS. 1, a damper of the first embodiment has a tubular casing  1  rotatably incorporating a shaft member  2 .  
         [0042]    The shaft member  2  is composed of a shaft  3  and a pair of wings  4   a,    4   b  protruding outward from the outer periphery of the shaft  3 . The wings  4   a,    4   b  slide on the inner periphery of the casing  1  in conjunction with rotation of the shaft member  2 .  
         [0043]    In the shaft  3 , each of communicating paths  5   a,    5   b  extends between both ends of the wing  4   a  or  4   b  near the base of the wing  4   a  or  4   b.    
         [0044]    In the casing  1 , a pair of protrusions  8   a,    8   b  protrude inward from the inner periphery, and slide on the outer periphery of the shaft  3  when the shaft member  2  rotates.  
         [0045]    Each of the protrusions  8   a,    8   b  has an end at which a notch  9   a  or  9   b  is formed.  
         [0046]    In the damper designed as described above, the wings  4   a,    4   b  and the protrusions  8   a,    8   b  define the space between the shaft member  2  and the casing  1  into oil chambers A to D which are full of oil.  
         [0047]    The following explains when the shaft member  2  rotates in the direction indicated with the arrow in FIGS. 1.  
         [0048]    This explanation is about the movement of the wing  4   a  because the wings  4   a  and  4   b  are symmetrically situated and the protrusions  8   a  and  8   b  are symmetrically situated. Rotation of the shaft member  2  is equal to rotation relative to the casing  1 .  
         [0049]    In the first embodiment, the rotating range of the shaft member of the present invention is from where the wing  4   a  is in contact with the protrusion  8   a  until the wing  4   a  comes into contact with the protrusion  8   b.    
         [0050]    [0050]FIG. 1A illustrates the state in which the wing  4   a  moves slightly toward the arrow direction from where the left end face of the wing  4   a  is in contact with the right end face of the protrusion  8   a.  As the shaft member  2  rotates in the arrow direction from where the left end face of the wing  4   a  is in contact with the right end face of the protrusion  8   a , the oil chamber B situated forward of the rotating direction of the wing  4   a  has a higher pressure, whereas the oil chamber A situated backward of the wing  4   a  expands. At this time, communication of the oil chamber B with the oil chamber A through the communicating path  5   a  allows oil to flow through an opening  6   a  opened toward the oil chamber B into the oil chamber A via an opening  7   a.    
         [0051]    In this way, as long as the oil flows smoothly from the oil chamber B to the oil chamber A, the shaft member  2  smoothly rotates.  
         [0052]    Specifically, during the rotation of the shaft member  2  in the arrow direction as illustrated sequentially from FIGS. 1A, 1B to  1 C, the communicating path  5   a  permits the communication between the oil chamber B and the oil chamber A. Likewise, the communication path  5   b  concurrently permits the communication between the oil chambers D and C. Hence, the rotating torque is decreased. In other words, the shaft member  2  rotates with low resistance.  
         [0053]    However, as the shaft member  2  is further rotated as illustrated in FIG. 1D, the protrusion  8   b  closes the opening  6   a  corresponding to the leading end of the communicating path  5   a . During the closing of the opening  6   a , the shaft member  2  is further rotated in the arrow direction, whereupon the oil chamber B has a higher pressure. Accordingly, the oil in the oil chamber B flows into the oil chamber A under lower pressure through the sliding face between the casing  1  and the wing  4   a  or the sliding face in the axial direction. Alternatively, the oil in the oil chamber B flows into the oil chamber C under lower pressure through the sliding face between the protrusion  8   b  and the shaft  3 . In this way, due to the sliding face serving as a flow path for oil, the flow resistance is increased, resulting in an increase in rotating torque.  
         [0054]    Consequently, it is possible to rotate the shaft member  2  with high resistance from the state illustrated in FIG. 1D until the wing  4   a  comes into contact with the protrusion  8   b.    
         [0055]    As the opening  6   a  is gradually decreased in the opening area during the process in which the opening  6   a  is closed by the protrusion  8   b,  the torque increases gradually.  
         [0056]    In short, with the damper, when the shaft member  2  is rotated in the arrow direction from the state illustrated in FIG. 1A, the rotation resistance starts out low and becomes gradually higher from before the ending point.  
         [0057]    On the other hand, when the shaft member  2  is rotated in the opposite direction of the arrow from where the wing  4   a  is in contact with the protrusion  8   b,  the rotation has high resistance until the state illustrated in FIG. 1C in which the opening  6   a  having been closed by the protrusion  8   b  is released toward the oil chamber B. After that, the rotation has low resistance until the wing  4   a  comes into contact with the protrusion  8   a.    
         [0058]    During the contact of the wing  4   a  with the protrusion  8   a , the notch  9   a  formed on the end of the protrusion  8   a  meets the other opening  7   a  of the communicating path  5   a  to allow the communicating path  5   a  to continuously open. In short, the other opening  7   a  of the communicating path  5   a  is never closed. The above configuration allows an increase in rotating torque only in the neighborhood of either the starting point or the ending point of the rotation.  
         [0059]    Such damper can be used for a hinge of a keyboard cover of a piano. In this use, the damper is mounted so as to rotate the shaft in a direction in which the rotating torque increases just before the keyboard cover is closed. This prevents the keyboard cover from quickly and forcefully falling if the keyboard cover is released from a hand during the closing.  
         [0060]    Further, with the damper according to the first embodiment, the rotating torque can be adjusted by use of the flow resistance of the communicating path  5   a  making the communication between the oil chamber A and the oil chamber B. Due to the fact that the flow resistance depends on a sectional area of the flow path, the torque can be adjusted by adjusting a sectional area of the communicating path  5   a.    
         [0061]    The external shape of the casing  1  and shaft member  2  is molded using a mold or die. After that, the communicating path is formed so as to have the flow-path sectional area with accuracy to provide any given torque. Therefore, it is possible to vary torque by means of changing a bore diameter of the communicating path without changing the molds or dies as in the prior art.  
         [0062]    When the communicating paths  5   a,    5   b  are formed through the molding using a slid pin, variations in the dimensions of the communicating paths may occur. However, the variations can be corrected by using a-drill or the like in the finishing.  
         [0063]    [0063]FIGS. 2A, 2B,  2 C and  2 D illustrate a second embodiment which is different from the first embodiment in that a notch is provided around one of the openings of each of the communicating paths  5   a ,  5   b  so as to be continued from the corresponding base of each of the wings  4   a ,  4   b , the notch serving as each of openings  10   a ,  10   b . The casing  1  includes a pair of protrusions  11   a ,  11   b  without having the notches  7   a ,  7   b  in the first embodiment of FIGS. 1.  
         [0064]    The remaining configuration is the same as that in the first embodiment, and the same components as those in the first embodiment are designated the same reference numerals.  
         [0065]    In the damper of the second embodiment, the openings  10   a ,  10   b  each of which is one of the two openings extend to the bases of the wings  4   a ,  4   b , respectively. Therefore, for example, while the wing  4   a  is in contact with the protrusion  11   a , or until the capacity of the oil chamber A disappears, the opening  10   a  opens toward the oil chamber A. In other words, the openings  10   a ,  10   b , each of which is one of the two openings, are not closed within the rotating range of the shaft member  2 .  
         [0066]    Accordingly, the shaft member  2  starts the rotation in the arrow direction from where the wing  4   a  is in contact with the protrusion  11   a . During the states sequentially illustrates in FIGS. 2A, 2B and  2 C, the communicating path  5   a  makes the communication between the oil chamber A and the oil chamber B while the communicating path  5   b  makes the communication between the oil chambers C and D. Thus, the shaft member  2  has lower rotating torque during the above period, and rotates with low resistance in the arrow direction.  
         [0067]    From the state illustrated in FIG. 2C, the shaft member  2  further rotates in the arrow direction, whereupon the opening  6   a  of the communicating path  5   a  is closed by the protrusion  11   b . When the shaft member  2  is further rotated in the arrow direction after closing of the opening  6   a , the oil in the oil chamber B flows into the oil chamber A or C through the sliding face between the casing  1  and the shaft member  2 . At this time, the flow resistance of the flow path is high, which results in high rotating torque. It should be noted that at the time when the opening  6   a  of the communicating path  5   a  is closed, the opening  6   b  of the other communicating path  5   b  is closed by the protrusion  11   a.    
         [0068]    In this way, with the damper according to the second embodiment, when the wing  4   a  rotates from the protrusion  11   a  to the protrusion  11   b  in the direction illustrated with the arrow in FIGS.  2 , the rotation resistance is low initially and higher near the ending point.  
         [0069]    [0069]FIGS. 3A, 3B,  3 C and  3 D illustrate a third embodiment which differs from the second embodiment in that each of the communicating paths  5   a ,  5   b  provided in the shaft  3  is constructed of a plurality of small-diameter through-holes. The remaining configuration is the same as that in the second embodiment. A set of the through-holes has one end connecting to the notch provided in the shaft  3  so as to form each of the large openings  10   a ,  10   b .  
         [0070]    Accordingly, the damper according to the third embodiment has the operation similar to the damper of the second embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 2.  
         [0071]    When the communicating path is constructed of a plurality of through-holes as in the third embodiment, the sectional area of the communicating path is the sum of the sectional areas of the plurality of the through-holes. Hence, the sectional area of the communicating path  5   a  can be adjusted by controlling the number of through-holes.  
         [0072]    [0072]FIGS. 4A, 4B,  4 C and  4 D and FIG. 5 illustrate a fourth embodiment which differs from the second embodiment in that the shaft does not include the notch and the two openings of each of the communicating paths  5   a ,  5   b  are formed at a distance from the corresponding base of the wing  4   a  or  4   b . The remaining configuration is the same as that in the second embodiment. FIG. 5 is a sectional view of the shaft member  2  in the axial direction.  
         [0073]    As described above, both openings  6   a ,  7   a  of the communicating path  5   a  are spaced from the wing  4   a  and both protrusions  11   a,    11   b  provided on the inner periphery of the casing  1  do not have notches. Accordingly there are the times when the openings  6   a,    7   a  of the communicating path  5   a  are closed by the corresponding protrusions  11   b ,  11   a  within the rotating range of the shaft member  2 .  
         [0074]    Specifically, for the rotation starting from the starting point where the wing  4   a  is in contact with the protrusion  11   a  in the direction indicated with the arrow in FIGS.  4 , in FIG. 4A, the opening  7   a  is closed by the protrusion  11   a , or the communicating path  5   a  does not make the communication between the oil chamber A and the oil chamber B. Therefore, as the shaft member  2  rotates, the oil in the oil chamber B has a higher pressure, and flows into the oil chamber A and the oil chamber C through the sliding face between the casing  1  and shaft member  2 . The flow resistance at this time is high and the rotating torque is high.  
         [0075]    The shaft member  2  further rotates, then the opening  7   a  separates from the protrusion  11   a , whereupon the oil chamber A and the oil chamber B are communicated as illustrated in FIG. 4B. The oil in the oil chamber B flows into the oil chamber A through the communicating path  5   a . At this time, the flow resistance is low so that the rotating torque is low.  
         [0076]    Up to the state illustrated in FIG. 4C, the communicating path  5   a  makes the communication between the oil chamber B and the oil chamber A. Hence, the rotating torque is low.  
         [0077]    From the above state, as the shaft member  2  further rotates in the arrow direction, the opening  6   a  situated toward the front in the rotating direction overlays the protrusion  11   b , to decrease gradually in area of the opening. Accordingly, the flow resistance from the oil chamber B to the oil chamber A increases gradually, resulting in an increase in the rotating torque. Then, as illustrated in FIG. 4D, when the opening  6   a  is closed completely by the protrusion  11   b , the flow resistance is at the maximum and also the rotating torque is at the maximum.  
         [0078]    It should be noted that as in the case of the communicating path  5   a , the other communicating path  5   b  makes and closes the communication from the oil chamber D to the oil chamber C.  
         [0079]    In short, with the damper according to the fourth embodiment, within the range where the wings  4   a ,  4   b  move between the protrusions  11   a  and  11   b , the rotating torque is increased at both the starting and ending points of the movement.  
         [0080]    Such damper is convenient for use for, for example, a seat and cover of a toilet. When the toilet seat and cover are raised and released from a hand, the rotating torque is high to allow the seat and cover to independently keep their upright positions not to move down. Even when the hand is moved off the seat and cover while lowering them, the seat and cover fall slowly because the rotating torque increases from when they approach the lowermost positions. Thus they do never fall with a bang.  
         [0081]    As described above, when the seat and cover are raised to their uppermost position, if the seat and cover take an upright position or a slightly over upright position, they completely stand up by themselves and do not fall even if the hand is moved off them. The seat and cover are slightly moved from the above state in the lowering direction by hand, whereupon the rotating torque decreases from its high value and the rotation starts for lowering the seat and cover.  
         [0082]    As in the first to third embodiments, in the fourth embodiment, by simply changing a sectional area of the communicating paths  5   a ,  5   b , the rotating torque can be adjusted. Therefore, the adjustment for torque is readily implemented as compared with a damper of which all components are molded using molds or dies. Further, because of a very simple shape of a portion to be molded, there is no need for making a mold or die of complicated configuration.  
         [0083]    [0083]FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along the V-V line of FIG. 4B. Referring to FIG. 5, the aforementioned damper has the shaft member  2  mounted in the casing  1  and a cap  12  for closing the opening of the casing  1 . All the dampers of the first to third embodiments have the same configuration in which the shaft member  2  is mounted in the casing  1  as described above. Reference alphabet R in FIG. 5 represents an O-ring.  
         [0084]    As illustrated in FIG. 5, each of the communicating paths  5   a ,  5   b  of the fourth embodiment is circular in sectional shape, but a sectional shape of the communicating path is not limited to a circular shape. The communicating path may have various shapes as illustrated in FIGS. 6A to  6 D by way of example.  
         [0085]    In FIGS. 6A to  6 D, assuming the arrow direction is a rotating direction of the shaft member  2 , in the case of a horizontally oriented rectangle as illustrated in FIG. 6A, a rate of change of a sectional area, or flow resistance, with respect to a rotational angle of the shaft member  2  is higher.  
         [0086]    In the case of a vertically oriented opening as illustrated in FIG. 6B, opposite to the case of FIG. 6A, a rate of change of the flow resistance is lower and the changing zone extends.  
         [0087]    In the case of a triangle as illustrated in FIGS. 6C and  6 D, a rate of change of the flow resistance varies as the shaft member  2  rotates.  
         [0088]    By changing the sectional shape of the communicating path as described above, a rate of change of the flow resistance can be varied.  
         [0089]    However, in the case of circular cross-section, since a hole can be opened with a drill, the working process is simple.  
         [0090]    In the foregoing first to fourth embodiments, the communicating paths  5   a ,  5   b  are respectively provided for making the communications between the oil chambers A and B and between the oil chambers C and D which are defined by the wings  4   a ,  4   b  of the shaft member  2 . However, the communicating paths may be provided for making the respective communications between the oil chambers B and C and between the oil chambers D and A which are defined by the protrusions of the casing  1 . This can also provide the damper facility.  
         [0091]    For example, FIGS. 7A, 7B,  7 C and  7 D illustrate a fifth embodiment in which each of the communicating paths  5   a ,  5   b  is not provided between the oil chambers defined by each of the wings  4   a ,  4   b . The fifth embodiment is different in the above point from the fourth embodiment, and the same in the remaining configuration as that of the fourth embodiment.  
         [0092]    Specifically, in FIGS. 7A, 7B and  7 C, the communicating path  5   a  makes the communication between the higher-pressure oil chamber D and the lower-pressure oil chamber A, while the other communicating path  5   b  makes the communication between the higher-pressure oil chamber B and the lower-pressure oil chamber C. Thus, during the period illustrated from FIGS. 7A through 7C, the shaft member  2  has low rotating torque. Then, in FIG. 7D, the opening  7   a  of the communicating path  5   a  is closed by the protrusion  11   a  and the opening  7   b  of the communicating path  5   b  is closed by the protrusion  11   b . Thus, the shaft member  2  has high rotating torque.  
         [0093]    In the foregoing first to fourth embodiments, a pair of wings  4   a ,  4   b  are provided. However, even if one of the wings  4   a ,  4   b  is provided, the same effects of the foregoing embodiments can be obtained. When the single wing is provided, the casing may have also one protrusion.  
         [0094]    Further, in the foregoing embodiments, the rotating range of the shaft member is confined by contact between the protrusions of the casing and the wings. However, if there is a need for controlling the rotating range of the shaft member  2 , a stopper aside from the protrusions may be provided to stop the movement of the wings. The stopper mechanism can be achieved by any given configuration.  
         [0095]    If the rotation is controlled by the stopper before the protrusion closes a specific opening of the communicating path, one of the openings can be opened at all times even though no notches are provided in the protrusion and the shaft as described in the first to third embodiments.  
         [0096]    [0096]FIGS. 8A, 8B,  8 C and  8 D illustrate a sixth embodiment in which the single wing  4   a  is provided on the shaft  3  and the single protrusion  11   a  is provided in the casing  1 . Through the shaft  3 , the two communicating paths  5   a ,  5   b  are passed. The remaining components similar to those in the fourth embodiment are designated with the same reference numerals. However, the number of wing is one, and the number of oil chambers defined by the wing  4   a  is only two, the oil chambers A, B.  
         [0097]    Similar to other embodiments, FIGS. 8A to  8 D sequentially illustrate the states when the shaft member  2  rotates in the arrow direction.  
         [0098]    In FIG. 8A, the communicating path  5   a  makes the communicating between the oil chambers A and B. From the above state to the state illustrated in FIG. 8B, the shaft member  2  has low rotating torque.  
         [0099]    In FIG. 8B, the opening  7   a  of the communicating path  5   a  is about to overlay the protrusion  11   a . From the above state, the shaft member  2  further rotates in the arrow direction, whereupon the opening  7   a  overlays the protrusion  11   a  to be closed, leading to a high-torque rotation region. The high-torque rotation region, or the state in which the communicating path between the oil chambers A and B is closed, continues to the state illustrated in FIG. 8C. Upon further rotating of the shaft member  2 , as illustrated in FIG. 8D, the opening  6   b  of the communicating path  5   b  is opened toward the inside of the oil chamber A to allow the communicating path  5   b  to make the communication between the oil chambers A and B. Thus the shaft member  2  has low rotating torque. The low-torque rotation region continues until the opening  7   b  of the communication  5   b  which is situated toward the back in the rotating direction is closed by the protrusion  11   a .  
         [0100]    In short, the damper of the sixth embodiment has low torque in the first place, low torque in the second place, high torque in the next place, and low torque in the last place as sequentially illustrated in FIGS. 8A, 8B,  8 C and  8 D, respectively.  
         [0101]    As described above, according to the damper of the present invention, the magnitude of rotating torque can be adjusted by adjusting a sectional area of the communicating path. Further, timing of producing high torque can be variously selected by means of changing the number of communicating paths, positions of the openings corresponding to both ends of the communicating path, or the like.  
                                             EXPLANATION OF REFERENCE NUMERALS                                    1   CASING           2   SHAFT MEMBER           3   SHAFT           4a, 4b   WING           5a, 5b   COMMUNICATING PATH           6a, 6b,   OPENING           7a, 7b   OPENING           10a, 10b   OPENING           8a, 8b   PROTRUSION           11a, 11b   PROTRUSION           A, B, C, D   OIL CHAMBER