Abstract:
A security system includes a central control and a number of security controllers, each of which includes a removable and replaceable security control module. Each module is interchangeable with other modules. Each controller includes a housing within which the module is contained. Cables from security-controlled components extend into the interior of the housing and are removably connected to the module. Each module includes a first connector for connection in a communication system and a second connector for receiving inputs from and providing outputs to a security component controlled by the controller. Each module further includes a third connector for receiving inputs from or providing outputs to an auxiliary device other than the security component. The auxiliary device provides an input to the controller or receives an output from a controller independent of the security component. Each controller also includes an accelerometer for providing a tamper evident feature.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/502,658. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY 
     This invention relates to a security system, and more particularly to a security system having a number of unique features. 
     Various security systems, such as access control systems, are known in the art. Typically, an access control security system includes a controller at each access point, such as a door or gate, which interfaces with the access point to selectively allow or deny access to a certain area that is accessible through the access point. The controller is typically hardwired in a network run by a server, and acts in accordance with commands provided by the server to allow or deny requests for access through the access point. 
     While systems such as this are functional, they entail a number of drawbacks. For example, when the controller at a certain access point fails or otherwise becomes inoperable, it is necessary to send a skilled service technician with a replacement controller to the site at which the access point controller requires replacement. The technician must disconnect wires and cables from the failed controller, remove it from the wall, mount the new controller to the wall, and then connect the wires and cables to the new controller. This can be a laborious and time consuming exercise. In addition, the operator of the facility must maintain an inventory of each type of controller installed in the system to ensure that a replacement controller is available when required. 
     The present invention is designed to overcome these and other drawbacks in the prior art. In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, a security system includes a number of security controllers, each of which includes a removable and replaceable security control module. Each security control module is interchangeable with other security control modules in the security system. In one form, each security controller includes a housing within which the removable and replaceable security control module is contained. Representatively, the housing is mounted to a wall, and one or more cables from security-controlled components are located within the wall and have ends that extend from the wall into an interior defined by the housing. The ends of the one or more cables are adapted for connection to the security control module. Each security control module may include a first connector for connecting the security module in a communication system and a second connector for receiving inputs from and providing outputs to a security component controlled by the security controller. Representatively, each security control module may further include a third connector for receiving inputs from or providing outputs to an auxiliary device other than the security component. 
     In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, a security system includes a central control or server and a number of individual security controllers, each of which is associated with a security component at an individual security control location; and an auxiliary device that is interconnected with at least one of the security controllers. The auxiliary device provides an input to the security controller or receives an output from a security controller independent of the security component. Each security controller includes a removable and replaceable security control module, and each security control module includes a first connector for connecting the security module in a communication system interconnected with the central control or server, a second connector for receiving inputs from and providing outputs to the security component controlled by the security controller, and a third connector for receiving inputs from or providing outputs to the auxiliary device. 
     In accordance with yet another aspect of the invention, a security system includes a number of security controllers, each of which includes an accelerometer for providing a tamper evident feature. Representatively, each security controller includes a housing and a removable and replaceable security control module contained within the housing, with the accelerometer being contained within the security control module. 
     The security system in accordance with the present invention may be used in any number of applications. For example, the security system may be used for a number of individual control points in a single building. Alternatively, the security system may be used for multiple individual control points for a number of buildings in one location. Further, the security system may be used for multiple individual control points in multiple buildings in multiple locations. 
     These and other objects, advantages, and features of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the detailed description and the accompanying drawings. It should be understood, however, that the detailed description and accompanying drawings, while indicating preferred embodiments of the present invention, are given by way of illustration and not of limitation. Many changes and modifications may be made within the scope of the present invention without departing from the spirit thereof, and the invention includes all such modifications 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       A representative embodiment of the subject matter disclosed herein is illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which like reference numerals represent like parts throughout, and in which: 
         FIG. 1  is a schematic representation of a multiple building application of a security system incorporating the control arrangement of the present invention; 
         FIG. 2  is a schematic representation of a component, such as a door, which is interconnected in the security system of a building, such as in  FIG. 1 , and which is controlled using the control arrangement of the present invention; 
         FIG. 3  is an isometric view of a security controller incorporated in the control arrangement of the present invention such as in  FIG. 2 ; 
         FIG. 4  is a an isometric view of the security controller of  FIG. 3 , showing the cover of the security controller housing removed to expose the control module contained within the interior of the housing, and showing various cables interconnected with the control module; 
         FIG. 5  is a view similar to  FIG. 4 , showing disconnection of the various cables from the control module, such as in anticipation of replacement of the control module; 
         FIG. 6  is a view similar to  FIGS. 4 and 5 , showing the control module removed; 
         FIG. 7  is view similar to  FIGS. 4-6 , showing provision of a replacement control module; 
         FIG. 8  is a view similar to  FIGS. 4-7 , showing the various cables positioned adjacent the replacement control module; 
         FIG. 9  is a view similar to  FIGS. 4-8 , showing connection of the various cables with the replacement control module; and 
         FIG. 10  is a block diagram illustrating the components incorporated into the control module illustrated in  FIGS. 4-9 . 
     
    
    
     In describing the representative embodiments of the invention which are illustrated in the drawings, specific terminology will be resorted to for the sake of clarity. However, it is not intended that the invention be limited to the specific terms so selected and it is understood that each specific term includes all technical equivalents which operate in a similar manner to accomplish a similar purpose. For example, the word “connected,” “attached,” or terms similar thereto are often used. They are not limited to direct connection but include connection through other elements where such connection is recognized as being equivalent by those skilled in the art. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     A representative application of the security system in accordance with the present invention is shown in  FIG. 1 . In this application, the security system utilizes multiple servers for multiple buildings in multiple locations. It is understood, however, that the following description applies equally to applications involving a number of individual control points in a single building or multiple individual control points in a number of buildings in one location. In the illustrated application, the security system includes a pair of servers S 1  and S 2 . The system may be operated using a single server, but multiple servers are desirable in case one of the servers becomes inoperable. Servers S 1  and S 2  may be physically located at respective locations L 1  and L 2 , although it is understood that the servers S 1  and S 2  may also be at locations remote from locations L 1  and L 2 . The security system further includes a pair of operator controls C 1  and C 2 . Again, the system may be operated using a single operator control, but multiple operator controls are desirable in case one of the operator controls becomes inoperable. Operator controls C 1  and C 2  may be physically located at respective locations L 1  and L 2 , although it is understood that the operator controls C 1  and C 2  may also be at locations remote from locations L 1  and L 2 . Locations L 1  and L 2  may have multiple buildings or other security controlled structures, such as shown at B 1 , B 2  and B 3 , B 4 , respectively. 
     In a representative application as shown, the servers S 1 , S 2  and operator controls C 1 , C 2  communicate with the security control structures through a computer network, which representatively may be the Internet. The locations L 1  and L 2  may be on the same grounds, or alternatively may be within the same city or region, or may be geographically far removed from each other, such as in different cities or even on different continents. 
     Within each security control structure, such as within each building B 1 , B 2 , B 3  and B 4 , there are one or more access control points which can operate individually and/or simultaneously.  FIG. 2  illustrates an access control point in the form of a door D. It is understood, however, that the individual access control point may be any other security or access control device, such as a garage door, gate, etc. Referring to the illustrated embodiment, the door D has a handle, which may be in the form of a doorknob  20  or a push bar. A selectively releasable door access controller  22  of conventional construction, such as a door lock or latch, is located adjacent the door D, and is typically mounted to or within the wall in which door D is located. A security controller  24  in accordance with the present invention, which may also be referred to as a security node, is located in the vicinity of the door D. Typically, the security controller  24  will be mounted to or within the wall in which door D is located, although it is understood that security controller  24  may be any other satisfactory location. Security controller  24  is connected to the door access controller  22  via a cable, such as one of cables  26   a ,  26   b . In a manner to be explained, security controller  24  may optionally be interconnected with one or more auxiliary devices  28  via a cable, such as one of cables  30   a ,  30   b . The auxiliary device  28  will typically be in the vicinity of the security controller  24  so that cable  30   a ,  30   b  can be satisfactorily routed between security controller  24  and auxiliary device  28 , although it is understood that auxiliary device  28  may be in any other satisfactory location. 
       FIG. 3  illustrates a representative installation of security controller  24  adjacent the door D, in which security controller  24  is mounted to the wall adjacent door D. Security controller  24  includes a cover  32 , which prevents access to the internal components of security controller  24 . Cover  32  may or may not be fitted with a lock so that it can only be removed by authorized personnel. Cover  32  is configured for engagement with a housing  34  which, as shown in  FIG. 4  with cover  32  removed, is adapted to be mounted to the wall in either a flush mount or surface mount manner. Housing  34  may be secured to the wall using any satisfactory mounting method, such as by a series of fasteners that extend through openings in a wall of the housing  34  into engagement with wall-mounted anchors. It is understood, however, that any other satisfactory mounting arrangement may be employed. It is also understood that housing  34  may be recessed into the wall rather than being surface-mounted to the wall. In the illustrated embodiment, housing  34  is shown as having a rectangular construction, including a back wall  35 , a pair of side walls  36  and a pair of end walls  37 . Housing  34  thus defines a recess bounded by back wall  35 , side walls  36  and end walls  37 . Again, it is understood that housing  34  may have any other configuration as desired. 
     As shown in  FIGS. 4 and 5 , security controller  24  includes a control module  40 , which is removably secured to the housing  34 . In the illustrated embodiment, the control module  40  is retained within the recess defined by the walls of housing  34  and is maintained in the interior of housing  34  by engagement of cover  32  with housing  34 . In this embodiment, control module  40  includes a control module housing  42  that generally has a configuration matching a portion of the recess defined by the walls of housing  34 . Control module housing  42  has a width slightly less than the spacing between the sidewalls  36  of housing  34  and a depth slightly less than the height of the housing sidewalls  36  and end walls  37 . Control module housing  42  has a height significantly less than the length of the housing sidewalls, which therefore leaves an open space  44  above the control module housing  42 . The back wall  35  of housing  34  has an opening in communication with the open space  44 . In the illustrated embodiment, a grommet  46  is positioned in the opening in back wall  44 . With this arrangement, cables  26   a ,  26   b  and  30   a ,  30   b  can be routed through the wall, and extend through an opening in the wall that is aligned with the opening in back wall  44  so as to enable the ends of cables  26   a ,  26   b  and  30   a ,  30   b  to be positioned within the open space  44 . In addition, the end of a communication cable  50 , which is also routed through the wall, extends through the opening in back wall  35  and into the open space  44 . Cable  50  terminates in a connector  52 , which is adapted for engagement with a communication port  54  on the control module  42 . Similarly, cables  26   a ,  26   b  terminates in respective connectors  56   a ,  56   b  and cables  30   a ,  30   b  terminates in respective connectors  58   a ,  58   b . Cable connectors  56   a ,  56   b  and  58   a ,  58   b  are configured for engagement with respective i/o connectors  60   a ,  60   b  and  62   a ,  62   b  on control module  40 . 
     The construction of security controller  24  facilitates quick and easy installation, service, repair and/or replacement. Specifically, in the event the control module  40  of a security controller  24  requires service, repair or replacement, the user simply disengages connectors  52 ,  56   a ,  56   b ,  58   a  and  58   b  as shown in  FIG. 5 . Control module  42  can then be removed from the recess defined by housing  34 . In the illustrated embodiment, housing  42  of control module  40  is constructed so that its bottom and wall rests on the bottom end wall  37  of housing  34  and the sidewalls of control module housing  42  have a friction fit with the sidewalls  36  of housing  34 . It is understood, however, that any type of removable mounting arrangement may be employed. For example, and without limitation, a releasable snap-type latch or a fastener-type connection between control module housing  42  and housing  34 , or between control module housing  42  and cover  32 , may be employed. In addition, it is understood that the specific configuration of housing  34  and control module housing  42  is representative of any of a wide variety of housing and control module configurations that may be employed. One of the primary aspects of the present invention, however, is that the control module, regardless of its specific configuration, is contained within a housing and that the connections of the cables to the control module are also contained within the same housing, which enables quick and easy disconnection and removal of the control module  40  as well as quick and easy connection and installation of the control module  40 . 
       FIG. 6  illustrates the housing  34  with the control module  40  removed.  FIG. 7  shows the control module  42  and the housing  34  separated from each other, but clearly illustrates the connectors  54 ,  60   a ,  60   b  and  62   a ,  62   b  of the control module  40 . To replace a control module  40  that has been removed from housing  34 , a new control module  40  as in  FIG. 7  is provided and is positioned within housing  34 , as shown in  FIG. 8 . The cable connectors  52 ,  56   a ,  56   b  and  58   a ,  58   b  are then engaged with the respective control module connectors  54 ,  60   a ,  60   b  and  62   a ,  62   b  of the new control module  40 , as shown in  FIG. 9 . The new control module  40  is then positioned within the interior of the housing  34  as shown in  FIG. 4 , and the cover  32  is engaged with the housing  34 . 
     Communication cable  50  establishes communication between control module  40  and the network in which the security system of the present invention is connected. In this manner, control module  40  is able to receive signals from, and transmit signals to, the security system servers such as S 1 , S 2  ( FIG. 1 ). The cables  26   a ,  26   b  connect the control module  40  to the door access controller  22 . The cables  30   a ,  30   b  connect the control module  40  to the auxiliary device  28 . In this manner, control module  40  is able to receive signals from and transmit signals to the door access controller  22  and the auxiliary device  28 . 
     While the overall construction of security controller  24  is unique in that control module  40  is adapted for quick and easy installation, removal and replacement, the operation of security controller  24  in connection with the access control point, such as door D, is relatively conventional. Security controller  24  functions to operate in conjunction with access controller  22  to selectively allow door D to be opened by or for authorized users. 
     Auxiliary i/o connectors  62   a ,  62   b  enable control module  40  to receive signals from and communicate signals to one or more auxiliary devices. The types of auxiliary devices that can be connected to control module  40  via connectors  62   a ,  62   b  are virtually unlimited and can be operated individually and/or simultaneously. In this manner, a wide variety of functions and operations can be integrated with the security system of a building. For example, auxiliary device  28  may be a sensor associated with a machine or piece of equipment located within a room. In the event the sensor determines that operating characteristics of the machine or piece of equipment are not within acceptable limits, control module  40  can send a signal through communication cable  50  that is processed by one of the servers. Appropriate personnel can then be alerted or the machine or piece of equipment can be shut down. In another example, auxiliary device  28  may be an elevator controller. In an arrangement such as this, when a person with certain credentials is detected at the door D, such as by use of a card reader or other identifier as is known, the access controller  22  is operated and at the same time a signal is sent to the elevator to bring the elevator cab to a certain location. In another example, the auxiliary device  28  may be a garage door opener so that a garage door is automatically opened when a certain person is allowed to pass through the door D. Another example may involve automatic operation of a security camera or the like in response to an input to or output from an access point controller  22 . The device  28  may alternatively be a temperature sensor, so that the temperature of a sensed condition or parameter, such as room temperature, machine operating temperature, etc. can be monitored for compliance with established parameters or ranges. User-defined commands can be sent directly to any IP device in the system in response to an event. 
     This aspect of the present invention provides numerous advantages, in that signals to and from virtually any machine, equipment or device can be provided to and from the security system controller  24 , and therefore can be integrated or coordinated with the various components of the security system. Accordingly, an event at any particular location or node in the security system may be used to trigger another event or operation at any other location, either locally or at a remote location. It is understood, however, that the signals provided to the security system controller  24  from the auxiliary machine, equipment or device need not necessarily be integrated or coordinated with the security system components, and instead the security system network may simply be used to transmit or receive signals to and from the auxiliary machine, equipment or device. 
     The circuitry contained within control module  40  allows any control module  40  to be used with a security controller  24  at any location, and for any purpose, within the security system. In this manner, when necessary, a user can simply swap out one control module  40  for another control module  40 , and the replacement control module  40  can then perform all the operations and functions of the original control module  40 . 
       FIG. 10  illustrates a block diagram of the circuitry contained within the control module  40 . As shown, the control module  40  includes a CPU  72 , which in turn is interconnected with an Ethernet driver  74  that includes communication connector  54 . A humidity sensor  96  and a temperature sensor  76  are connected with CPU  72 , and LED indicators  78  may also be interconnected with Ethernet driver  74 . In an application in which control module  40  is used to control door access, such as shown in  FIG. 2 , the access control i/o connector  60  is interconnected with CPU  72  through a power output  84  and a RS-485 transceiver  86 . Inputs to CPU  72  through the i/o connectors  60   a ,  60   b  from cables  26   a ,  26   b  may include, for example, card reader inputs, door position inputs, and request-to-exit inputs. Outputs from CPU  72  through i/o connectors  60   a ,  60   b  may include a door relay power output, a card reader power supply output, and a request-to-exit power supply. Auxiliary i/o connectors  62   a ,  62   b  include both analog and digital connections. Signals from the analog and digital connections of auxiliary i/o connectors  62   a ,  62   b  are applied to the CPU  72  through an A/D converter  90  and latching relays  92 . In addition, an accelerometer  94  is interconnected with the CPU  72 . 
     The i/o connectors  60   a ,  60   b  and  62   a ,  62   b  have both analog input as well as digital input and output capabilities. This enables the control module  40  to receive and transmit digital signals and to receive analog signals from the devices with which the connectors  60   a ,  60   b  and  62   a ,  62   b  are connected. The control module  40  may also receive digital signals from devices with which the connectors  60   a ,  60   b  and  62   a ,  62   b  are connected. 
     Accelerometer  94  provides an input signal when control module  40  is moved. The input signal from accelerometer  94  is used as a tamper-indicating feature. For example, in connection with an operating and installed control module  40 , any movement of the control module  40  that is sensed by operation of accelerometer  94  may be communicated to the security system control. Appropriate action can then be taken. 
     Control module  40  will be configured upon installation. In this regard, when a control module  40  is installed initially or as a replacement in a security controller  24  and is connected to the network via engagement of cable  50 , the installed control module  40  is programmed to immediately broadcast a signal over the network that indicates its presence within the network. The server, which has stored the settings and the parameters for all of the security controllers  24  in the security system, can then communicate with the installed control module  40  so as to provide the installed control module  40  with the appropriate settings and parameters for that security control point. Alternatively, when a new security controller  24  is being installed in the security system, such as when a new security control point is added due to facility expansion, remodeling or the like, the new security controller  24  includes a new control module  40 . When the new control module  40  is connected in the security system, it immediately broadcasts a signal over the network that indicates its presence within the network. The server then detects the new security module  40 , and the operator can then configure the settings of the new security module  40  for the security control point at which the new security module  40  is installed. Alternatively, the settings for the new control module  40  can be programmed into the control module  40  at the site of the new security controller  24 . 
     In the event the system server(s), such as S 1  and S 2 , become inoperable for any reason, the individual security controllers  24  in the system continue to operate locally according to the security settings programmed into the control module  40 . When the server(s) are back on line, data stored locally by the control module  40  for the period of server inoperability is uploaded to the server(s). In addition, the security controllers  24  in the security system are able to communicate with each other through the network without the presence of a server. This feature enables operation of the security system and cross-control of various functions in the event the system server(s) become inoperable. Representatively, each security controller  24  may create user defined TCP/IP packets within the control module  40  without server intervention, which can be stored and/or transmitted. 
     The modular construction of the security controller  24  allows a facility operator to quickly and easily replace a security controller  24  without the need for downtime and/or expensive service calls. When a security controller  24  requires service, the facility operator simply dispatches a person (who need not necessarily be a trained technician) to the site with a replacement control module  40 , which may be taken from a stock supply of identically constructed control modules  40 . The person then simply removes the cover  32 , disconnects the existing control module  40  and replaces it with a replacement control module  40 , connects the cables  26   a ,  26   b ,  30   a ,  30   b  and  50  to the replacement control module  40 , and reinstalls the cover  32 . The control module  40  that has been replaced can then be returned for service. In the meantime, the replacement control module  40  communicates its presence in the system and is programmed, and is then used to operate the security control point according to the settings stored in the server for that security control point. 
     The system of the present invention provides a number of unique functions, features and capabilities. For example, and without limitation, the system may be used to monitor the current draw of a door lock or strike to diagnose its condition using a comparison to selected baseline values over a selected period of time. The system has the capability to notify the operator when point values of certain characteristics or parameters exceed programmed limits. Such events can be treated as alarm events. The system may also be used to monitor the total power consumption of a specific node including the devices which receive power from that node over a designated time period. By monitoring operating characteristics of equipment or devices interconnected with the node, variations beyond normal operating limits may be identified as events that can be managed as alarm events, which can be used to prompt a programmed response from the system and its operator. The system has the ability to monitor the voltage of designated input points to detect connection aging and other deterioration events for a selected time period. Information from such monitoring can be made available in trending formats with which the system can provide periodic evaluation of the monitored points for threshold adjustment, maintenance, resetting to the original condition values, or to replace the monitored equipment. 
     While the system has been shown and described respect to control via a CPU, it is contemplated that security controller  24  may incorporate a field programmable gate array (FPGA) system for configuring the controller  24  upon initial installation and/or replacement. 
     It should be understood that the invention is not limited in its application to the details of construction and arrangements of the components set forth herein. The invention is capable of other embodiments and of being practiced or carried out in various ways. Variations and modifications of the foregoing are within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims. It also being understood that the invention disclosed and defined herein extends to all alternative combinations of two or more of the individual features mentioned or evident from the text and/or drawings. All of these different combinations constitute various alternative aspects of the present invention. The embodiments described herein explain the best modes known for practicing the invention and will enable others skilled in the art to utilize the invention.