Abstract:
Moulding materials vulcanizable by means of the action of heat which contain a thiocyanatopropyltrialkoxysilane and a method of their manufacture are disclosed.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to vulcanizable molding materials, and more particularly, those that are peroxide vulcanizable by means of the action of heat. In another aspect, the present invention relates to a method of manufacture of such materials. 
     In particular, polymers which have no or only few double bonds available in the molecule must be cross-linked with peroxide. The most important peroxide cross-linkable polymer types in this connection are: ethylene vinyl acetate EVA), ethylene propylene copolymerizates (EPM), ethylene propylenediene copolymerizate (EPDM), silicon rubber and polyethylene. 
     It is possible, with peroxidic cross-linking, to produce C-C bridges between two polymer chains which bridges are responsible for good ageing and compression set of the rubber article on account of their high bonding energy and the short bonding length. Peroxidic cross-linking is therefore also used when extreme requirements (e.g. the use of rubber articles in hot, aggressive media) are placed on the article. 
     The permanent deformation (compression set) of a mixture (measured according to ASTM D 395) is of great importance as a factor for the stability and accuracy of size and, accordingly, for the use especially of industrial articles, e.g. seals, rollers, hoses, and the like, but also for use on shoe soles. The lower the compression set, the higher the utility of the rubber product (e.g. tightness of a seal). 
     One possibility for improving this property as well as others is the use of bifunctional organosilicon compounds. 
     DE-A8 23 28 630 teaches a method for the peroxidic cross-linking of polyethylene in which polyethylene is reacted with an organosilicon compound containing an olefinically unsaturated group in the presence of a compound supplying free radicals. This product is then treated with a silanol condensation catalyst and water. 
     In practice, vinyl silanes are used practically exclusively for this purpose; however, they have a number of disadvantages: they exhibit a low flash point and, in addition, a high volatility on account of their low boiling point, which proves to be a problem at the temperatures used in the rubber industry, especially when being mixed in, when the silane is not yet bound to the filler used as reinforcing filler. Further disadvantages of the use of vinyl silanes are short ultimate elongations, extremely poor tearing resistances, low energies at break and a poor fatigue behavior in the particular vulcanizates. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     An object of the invention is to provide peroxidically cross-linkable (vulcanizable) molding materials in which the disadvantages are largely avoided but at the same time a compression set is obtained similar to that found when using vinyl silanes. 
     In attaining the above and other objects, one feature of the invention is to provide molding materials vulcanizable by means of the action of heat with peroxides, comprising at least one polymer, customary auxiliary agents, silicate filler and an organosilicon compound. The molding compositions of the present invention are characterized in that they contain as organosilicon compound 0.1 to 50 parts by weight, preferably 1-15 parts by weight, relative to 100 parts by weigh a thiocyanatopropyltrialkoxysilane of the formula (I) 
     
         (RO).sub.3 Si--(CH.sub.2).sub.3 --SCN 
    
     in which R corresponds to an alkyl group with 1 to 8 carbon atoms. 
     The basic compositions of peroxidically vulcanizable synthetic polymeric molding materials in general are known to persons skilled in the art. Any suitable polymers of this type can be used for purposes of the present invention. 
     The polymers are especially ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), ethylene propylenediene copolymerizate (EPDM). silicon rubber and polyethylene or their mixtures, to the extent that they can be mixed with each other. 
     Examples of cross-linking agents are: 
     1,1-bis-(tert.-butylperoxy)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane, 
     tert.-butylperoxyisopropylcarbonate, 
     tert.-butylperoxybenzoate, 
     dicumylperoxide, 
     α,α-bis-(tert.-butylperoxy)-diisopropylbenzene, 
     2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di-(tert.-butylperoxy)-hexane, 
     2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di-(tert.-butylperoxy)-hexyne-3, 
     di-tert.-butylperoxide, and the like, which are added in an amount of approximately 1 to 10 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the polymer. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     As a rule, the molding materials contain generally known natural or synthetic silicate fillers (e.g. clays, kaolins, precipitated and pyrogenic silicas, silicates, etc) with BET surfaces (measured with nitrogen) between 1 and 1000 m 2  /g, preferably 5 to 300 m 2  /g, with whose hydroxyl groups the trialkoxysilyl groups of the compounds used in accordance with the invention react, splitting off an alcohol and thus resulting in a chemical bond between the filler and silane. 
     Generally, 5 to 250 parts by weight, preferably 20 to 100 parts by weight relative to 100 parts by weight of the polymer are used. 
     The filler is either separately introduced into the molding composition or incorporated together with the organosilicon compound. A premixture or a filler reacted with the organosilicon compound can be used for this purpose. 
     Methods of manufacturing fillers modified in this manner are described in EP patent 0,177,674 and in German application P 40 04 781.4. If the compounds to be used in accordance with the invention are added to the mixture to be vulcanized in situ or also in modified form, this results in a lowering of the viscosity of the mixture and thus in a better workability. 
     The vulcanizable molding materials of the invention are manufactured according to the generally known methods. The components are mixed--except for the peroxidic cross-linking agent--in any desired sequence until a homogenous mixture has been achieved. 
     After the addition of the peroxide and the suitable elevation of temperature, the vulcanization begins. The traditional components, as they are generally used, include e.g. anti-ageing agents, softeners, auxiliary processing agents, stabilizers, pigments as well as other organosilicon compounds with a different structure. Any one or more of these components can be added in a suitable amount sufficient to perform their expected function. It turned out that as regards the compression set values, the molding materials of the invention are comparable to molding materials containing vinyl silanes. Improvements result from the significantly longer ultimate elongation, the higher energy at break, the improved tearing resistances and the better fatigue behavior of the vulcanized molding materials of the invention. 
     The following examples emphasize the advantages of the molding materials of the invention over the state of the art. 
     
         ______________________________________Test standards for the evaluation:        Test method                   Units______________________________________Tensile strength          DIN 53 504   MPaUltimate elongation          DIN 53 504   min.Energy at break          DIN 53 504   JTearing resistance          DIN 53 507   N/mmMooney viscosity          DIN 53 523/524                       ME                       (Mooney unit)Compression set B          ASTM D 395   %De Mattia      ASTM D 813   Kc______________________________________ 
    
     The following names and abbreviations, the meaning of which is listed here, are used in the examples of application: 
     
         ______________________________________Buna AP 451   EPDM of the Bayer companyKeltan 778    EPDM of the DSM companyPerkadox 14/40         1,3-bis-(tert.-butyl-peroxyl-isopropyl)-         benzeneA 172         triethoxyvinyl silane of UCCSi 264        3-thiocyanatopropyltriethoxysilaneDurosil       precipitated silica from Degussa         (BET = 60 m.sup.2 /g)TRIM          activatorFlexon 876    paraffinic softenerProtector G 3108         antiozone waxWeissoel 530  paraffinic softenerSuprex Clay   aluminum silicateVulkanox HS   2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinolineWinnofil S    precipitated calcium carbonate______________________________________ 
    
     EXAMPLE 1 
     Si 264 in a Peroxidically Cross-linked Cable Jacket Mixture Based on EPDM Compared with a Mixture without Silane 
     
         ______________________________________               1       2______________________________________Keltan 778            100       100Weissoel              10        10Winnofil S            50        50Suprex Clay           100       100Flexon 876            25        25ZnO RS                5         5Protector G 3108      5         5Vulkanox HS           1         1TRIM                  1.5       1.5Si 264                --        2Perkadox 14/40        5         5Mooney viscosity           ME        64        57ML 4 (100° C.)Vulcanizate data:           180° C./t.sub.95%Molulus 300%    MPa       4.2       7.8Compression set22 h/70° C.           %         20.8      16.370 h/100° C.           %         20.0      14.1______________________________________ 
    
     Si 264 results in an improvement of the processing behavior, an elevation of the modulus and in an improvement of the compression set values. 
     EXAMPLE 2 
     Si 264 in a Peroxidically Cross-linked EPDM Mixture (Computer Pads) Compared with Vinyl Silane 
     
         ______________________________________                   1    2______________________________________Buna AP 451               100    100Durosil                   60     60A 172                     1      --Si 264                    --     1Perkadox 14/40            4      4Vulcanizate data:  180° C./t.sub.95%Tensile strength   MPa        12.1   13.3Ultimate elongation              %          120    210Energy at break    J          20.6   41.7Tearing resistance N/mm       8      15Compression set 70 h/100° C.              %          7.2    6.8Fatigue behavior - De MattiaCrack formation without punctureKilocycle until               0.100  0.7crack length 25 mm______________________________________ 
    
     Si 264 exhibits, in comparison to vinyl silane, a clearly longer ultimate elongation, a better fatigue behavior, a higher energy at break and a better tearing resistance at almost the same compression set value. 
     Further variations and modifications of the foregoing will be apparent to those skilled in the art and are intended to be encompassed by the claims appended hereto. 
     German priority application No. P 40 00 217.2 is relied on and is incorporated herein by reference.