Abstract:
An antenna switch includes at least one signal path, including an amplifier device and a switch. The amplifier device includes an amplifier connected to a first inductor and to a first capacitor, which is grounded. The amplifier is voltage supplied via a second inductor. The switch includes a receiving isolation device, which is connected to a bypass capacitor connected to an antenna via a low pass filter. A first microstrip is connected to the bypass capacitor and to a DC switch. The first inductor and the first capacitor together with a shorted output transistor of the amplifier form a high impedance in receiving mode, thereby not affecting the receiving signal. The receiving isolation device is a signal wire.

Description:
This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §§119 and/or 365 Application No. 9801209-9 filed in Sweden on Apr. 7, 1998; the entire content of which is hereby incorporated by reference. 
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to an antenna switch comprising at least one signal path, and more particularly to an integrated antenna switch having both amplifier means and switching means in each path. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Great efforts have been made to meet the requirements of performance and compactness of mobile and portable phones. 
     As the requirements for mobile phones of even smaller size increase, the requirements of better performance, more functions and services increase at the same time. Consequently, more and more components have to fit in on an even smaller area or space in the portable phone. An increased number of components also cause increased electrical losses. 
     Every mobile phone is provided with some kind of antenna switch for switching between transmitting and receiving of signals using at least one antenna. Prior known antenna switch stages are divided in two separate substeps or components. The first step is an amplifier step which is connected to the successive switching step. FIG. 1 shows a prior art single band antenna switch, comprising an amplifier component and a switching component both components including several bulky components, such as inductors, PIN diodes, capacitors and filters, which cause losses in the switch. Particularly, this is more apparant in a dual band system having another signal path. 
     SUMMARY 
     It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an improved antenna switch which reduces the above-mentioned problems with several bulky components causing losses in the system. 
     The object of the present invention of reducing the number of components in the switch is obtained by an integrated antenna switch component having both amplifier means and switching means in each path. 
     Further, in order to reduce the required component area a microstrip is used as impedance means in the antenna switch and suitable adjustment of other components in the switch is performed. 
     In the integrated antenna switch the switching means is supplied by the same DC-feed as the power amplifiers, wherein components such as inductors and capacitors become unnecessary for the function of the antenna switch and are removed. 
     In order to connect two signal paths of a dual band antenna switch to the same antenna both paths are connected to the antenna through frequency band selecting means such as a diplexer. 
     The number of components is even more reduced by removing the low pass filter in each path and attaching the low pass filter between the diplexer and the antenna. 
     The diplexer is designed to let through only high band signals in the high band path and prevent low band signals to leak into the high band path. Similarly, the low band path lets through low band signals and prevents high band signals to leak into the low band path. 
     The advantages of the present invention is that the number of components used in the antenna switch is reduced and a reduction of losses in the transmission is obtained. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     In order to explain the invention in more detail and the advantages and features of the invention a preferred embodiment will be described in detail below, reference being made to the accompanying drawings, in which 
     FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a prior art single band antenna switch; 
     FIG. 2 is an equivalent circuit for the receiving path of the antenna switch in FIG. 1; 
     FIG. 3 is an equivalent circuit of the transmitting path of the antenna switch in FIG. 1; 
     FIG. 4 is an embodiment of a dual band antenna switch according to the invention, wherein a high band path and a low band path are connected to an antenna via frequency band selecting means; 
     FIG. 5 is a detailed block diagram over the frequency selecting means in FIG. 4; 
     FIG. 6 is an alternative embodiment of the dual band antenna switch according to the invention; and 
     FIG. 7 is another alternative embodiment of the dual band antenna switch according to the invention. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     With reference to FIG. 1, a prior art single band antenna switch is illustrated, comprising amplifier means  1  and switching means  2 , which are two separate components, as is illustrated by a broken line  3  between the two components  1  and  2 . Further, the two components  1  and  2  are attached to each other at first and second connection points A and B. 
     Said amplifier means comprises a first amplifier  4 , the output terminal of which is connected to a first terminal of a first inductor  5 . A second terminal of said inductor  5  is connected to a first terminal of a first capacitor  6 , a second terminal of which is grounded. A first bypass capacitor  7  constitutes the output from the amplifier means. Further, the amplifier  4  is fed by supply voltage V s  via a first high value inductor  8 , as shown in FIG.  1 . 
     Said switching means  2  comprises first receiving isolation means  9 , such as a PIN diode, for isolation of the power amplifier  4  from the receiving branch, described later, and for switching off the power when very little output power is transmitted. An output terminal of said receiving isolation means  9  is connected to a first terminal of a second bypass capacitor  10 , a second terminal of which is connected to an antenna  11  via a low pass filter  12 . Said second bypass capacitor  10  is provided to protect the switch and amplifier from discharges in the antenna. A microstrip  13 , e.g. ¼ of the wave length in the band, is connected to said first terminal of said second bypass capacitor  10 . 
     First DC switching means  14  are provided in order to switch between transmitting mode and receiving mode. Said DC switching means are connected in one end to the ground and in another end to a third bypass capacitor  15 , also connected to the ground. The junction between said third bypass capacitor  15  and said DC switching means  14  is connected to an output of a second PIN diode  16 , an input terminal of which is connected to the microstrip  13 . 
     In the receiving mode, said DC switching means  14  is switched off, i.e. opened, wherein the first and second PIN diodes  9  and  16  are off and consequently present a high impedance. An equivalent circuit of the receiving path comprising the antenna  11 , the low pass filter  12 , the capacitor  10 , and the microstrip  13  connected to the receiving input terminal of the phone, in which the antenna switch is arranged, is shown in FIG.  2 . The low pass filter  12  is intended to attenuate harmonic frequencies, the capacitor  10  is a bypass capacitor not letting through radio frequency signals, and the microstrip  13  is a 50 Ohm transmission line. 
     FIG. 3 is an equivalent circuit illustrating the prior art antenna switch in transmitting mode. The transmitting path comprises the power amplifier  4 , the inductor  5 , the capacitor  6 , the bypass capacitor  7 , the PIN diode  9 , the bypass capacitor  10 , the low pass filter  12  and the antenna  11 . In this mode the PIN diodes  9  and  16  are short circuited and the bond wires in the PIN diode packages are still there and therefore the capacitor  15  can be used to get a series resonance with the inductance of the bond wires in the package of the PIN diode  16 . As the microstrip  13  is ¼ of the wave length, the low impedance at the receiving input terminal is transformed to a high impedance for transmitting signals. Thus, the transmitting path looks like the equivalent circuit as shown in FIG.  3 . 
     The inductor  8  in the amplifier component  1  as well as a second high value inductor  17  in the switching component  2  are RF chokes used not to attenuate the RF-signal. The power amplifier  4  has an output of for example 2 W in GSM. The inductor  5  and the capacitor  6  are impedance matching components. Further, the capacitor  7  is a bypass capacitor. In the transmitting mode the PIN diode  9  is biased through the DC switching means  14  and the microstrip  13 , shown in FIG.  1 . The PIN diode  9  then acts almost as a short circuit. The capacitor  10  is also a bypass capacitor and the low pass filter  12  attenuates harmonic frequencies. 
     As illustrated in FIGS. 1-3 the prior art single band amplifier component  1  and switching component  2  are two separate components connected together. On the contrary the antenna switch according to the invention is an integrated antenna switch having both amplifier means and switching means in each path, as illustrated in FIG.  4 . 
     FIG. 4 illustrates an integrated dual band antenna switch according to an embodiment of the present invention having two single paths connected together via frequency selecting means such as a diplexer  18 , said antenna switch being an integrated antenna switch having both amplifier means and switching means in each path. The upper path in FIG. 4 is the high band path and the lower path is the lower band path. 
     According to the invention the integrated antenna switch comprises, in the high band path, the first amplifier  4 , the output terminal of which is connected to the first terminal of the first inductor  5 . The second terminal of said inductor  5  is connected to the first terminal of the first capacitor  6 , a second terminal of which is grounded. Further, the amplifier  4  is fed by supply voltage V s  via the first high value inductor  8 . 
     The second terminal of said inductor  5  and the first terminal of the first capacitor  6  is connected to the first receiving isolation means  9 . The output terminal of said receiving isolation means  9  is connected to the first terminal of the second bypass capacitor  10 , the second terminal of which is connected to the low pass filter  12 , which is connected to the antenna  11  via the diplexer  18 . The microstrip  13 , e.g. ¼ of the wave length in the high band, is connected to said first terminal of said second bypass capacitor  10 . 
     Similar to the prior art switch, DC switching means  14  is provided in order to switch between transmitting mode and receiving mode. Said DC switching means is connected in one end to the ground and in the other end to the third bypass capacitor  15 , also connected to the ground. A junction between said third bypass capacitor  15  and said DC switching means  14  is connected to the output of said second PIN diode  16 , the input terminal of which is connected to the microstrip  13 . 
     The control signal in the antenna switch depends on how the DC switch  14  is set, on or off, similar to the single band antenna switch described above. However, in this embodiment of the invention the DC feed is provided by the same supply, V s , as for the power amplifier  4 . This is a more compact solution requiring fewer components than the prior art solution described in FIG. 1, wherein the switching means is provided with the bypass capacitor  7  on its output and the DC supply for the antenna switch PIN diodes  9  and  16  are supplied through the choke inductor  17 . 
     In the low band path, a second amplifier  4 ′, an output terminal of which is connected to a first terminal of a second inductor  5 ′. A second terminal of said inductor  5 ′ is connected to a first terminal of a second capacitor  6 ′, a second terminal of which is grounded. Further, the amplifier  4 ′ is fed by the supply voltage V s , the same as for the high band path, via a third high value inductor  8 ′. 
     The second terminal of said inductor  5 ′ and the first terminal of the capacitor  6 ′ is connected to second receiving isolation means  9 ′. An output terminal of said receiving isolation means  9 ′ is connected to a first terminal of a fourth bypass capacitor  10 ′, a second terminal of which is connected to a second low pass filter  12 ′, which is connected to the antenna  11  via the diplexer  18 . A first microstrip  13 ′, e.g. ¼ of the wave length in the low band, is connected to said first terminal of said fourth bypass capacitor  10 ′. 
     In the same way as for the high band path second DC switching means  14 ′ is provided in the low band path in order to switch between transmitting mode and receiving mode. Said DC switching means  14 ′ is connected in one end to the ground and in the other end to a fifth bypass capacitor  15 ′, also connected to the ground. A junction between said bypass capacitor  15 ′ and said DC switching means  14 ′ is connected to the output of a fourth PIN diode  16 ′, an input terminal of which is connected to the microstrip  13 ′. 
     One embodiment of the diplexer  18  connecting the two signal paths for frequency band selecting is illustrated in FIG.  5 . The diplexer  18  has high band means or a path  19  and low band means or a path  20 . The high band means comprises a third inductor  21 , connected in series with a third capacitor  22  forming a series resonance circuit letting through only high band signals, for example 1800 MHz. Similarly, the low band means  20  comprises a fourth inductor  23  forming a series resonance circuit with a fourth capacitor  24 . To prevent low band signals from leaking into the high band path  19  a fifth inductor  25  is arranged in parallel with the capacitor  22 . To prevent high band signals from leaking into the low band path  20  the inductor  22  is arranged in parallel with a fifth capacitor  26 . 
     With reference to FIG. 4, the PIN diode  9 , 9 ′ causes loss in the transmitting mode. Therefore, the inductor  5 , 5 ′ and the capacitor  6 , 6 ′ are selected in a way that they “look” like a high impedance together with an output transistor, not shown, of the amplifier  4 , 4 ′ and thereby do not affect the receiving signal when the phone is in the receiving mode. This is performed by shorting the output transistor. The output of the power amplifier  4 , 4 ′ then is a low impedance, almost like a short circuit, wherein of course the supply V s  also has to be switched off. The inductor  5 , 5 ′ and the capacitor  6 , 6 ′ are almost in parallel resonance at the carrier frequency. 
     In an alternative embodiment of the invention illustrated in FIG. 6, the PIN diod  9 , 9 ′ has been substituted by a second microstrip  27 , 27 ′ for fine tuning, to make the impact from the power amplifier  4 , 4 ′ at a minimum on the receiving signal attenuation. However, if the inductor  5 , 5 ′ and the capacitor  6 , 6 ′ are in parallel resonance at the carrier frequency the microstrip  27 , 27 ′ is not needed. 
     In another alternative embodiment of the invention or as a complement, a first matching impedance can be connected to the first microstrip  13 , 13 ′ and the DC switching means  14 , 15 , 16 ; 14 ′, 15 ′, 16 ′, forming an impedance value of the same value as is present when “looking” into said first capacitor  6 , 6 ′ and said first inductor  5 , 5 ′, if they are not exactly in resonance. 
     In still another embodiment of the invention the output transistor can be left open and instead of said first matching impedance a second matching impedance can be connected to the first microstrip  13 , 13 ′ and the DC switching means  14 , 15 , 16 ; 14 ′, 15 ′, 16 ′, forming an impedance value of the same value as is present when “looking” into said first capacitor  6 , 6 ′ and said first inductor  5 , 5 ′. 
     Also, the second microstrip  27 , 27 ′ can be provided for fine tuning, to make the impact from the power amplifier  4 , 4 ′ at a minimum on the receiving signal attenuation. 
     Hence, the amplifier means is either a high impedance or is acting as a component value in a filter configuration in the receiving path. 
     Thus, it should be apparent that the present invention provides an antenna switch that fully satisfies the aims and advantages set forth above. Although the invention has been described in conjunction with a specific embodiment and an alternative embodiment thereof, alternatives, modifications and variations are apparent to those skilled in the art. 
     For example, further improvements in component reduction is shown by another alternative embodiment in FIG.  7 . The low pass filters  12  and  12 ′ in the dual band antenna switch design in FIG. 6 have been removed and another low pass filter  28  is arranged between the diplexer  18  and the antenna  11  for attenuating the harmonics, in both the high and low bands.