Abstract:
A non-electric down-hole formation pressure monitoring system utilizing typical down-hole chemical injection system technology as the basis for pressure data acquisition combined with surface computer integration whereby a constant and accurate picture of formation pressure variations may be obtained and recorded at minimum cost. Computer integration into the chemical injection system allows the pressure differential across the pressure balanced valve located adjacent the chemical injection orifice into the well production casing to be exploited by manipulation of the injection pump pressure thereby maintaining a constant differential pressure across the check valve providing a means for tracking the well formation pressure up or down. Pressure variations in the chemical injection capillary tube on the pump side of the remote pressure balance valve mimic formation flow characteristics which may be monitored by the computer at the surface where pump noise and plumbing noise due to vibration etc., and temperature, and fluid and/or gas coefficients are monitored, and compared to compensate for any adverse effects which may affect the accuracy of the formation pressures being monitored. Down-hole pressure monitoring is therefore possible with this system in chemical injection mode or in a dedicated pressure-monitoring mode by making only minor surface adaptations to the well chemical injection pump skid.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION  
         [0001]    This is a non-provisional application relying on applicant&#39;s previously filed provisional application No. 60/338,130 filed Nov. 13, 2001, under 35 USC 120.  
           [0002]    This invention relates generally to a method and apparatus for combining the monitoring of down-hole pressures in oil and gas well operations with chemical injection operations and more particularly to the utilization of a modified chemical injection system for injecting chemicals remotely into oil and gas wells while computing and accurately recording production tubing pressures at the bottom of the well, continuously, in real time.  
         GENERAL BACKGROUND  
         [0003]    Bottom-hole pressure measuring and continuous monitoring in particular are invaluable in the management of oil and gas wells for fiscal projections, production exploitation, and the prevention of well or formation damage that can prematurely end the productive life of a hydrocarbon reservoir. Real-time pressure monitoring is essential to the prevention of costly service intervention in high-capacity, deep-water, remote, and sub-sea wells. Elaborate and often expensive systems are deployed for the dedicated purpose of down-hole pressure monitoring. The typical preload of a conventional back-check valve or pair of valves designed for use in a down-hole chemical injection mandrel yields between 60 to 130 pounds force. The hydrostatic weight of fluid combined with injection pressure typically present excessive forces that easily overcome the back-check valve spring load during even infinitesimal reductions in down-hole pressure.  
           [0004]    Methods for monitoring down-hole pressures without interruption of production or injection operations were first tested in Germany several years ago. This initial development and their subsequent modifications required electric cable to transmit a signal reflecting down-hole pressures.  
           [0005]    Bottom-hole pressure data are routine requirements for evaluation of production and reservoir performance. Monitoring of reservoir—pressure response may be especially helpful in evaluation and control of supplemental recovery projects. This might include producing, buildup, and static surveys as determined by pressure recorders run on wire line. However, frequency and number of wells conventionally surveyed may be limited due to interruption of normal production routine, as well as expense. Presence of some artificial-lift equipment will prevent running conventional pressure surveys. Furthermore, production of highly corrosive fluids, together with potential damage from wire-line cutting where plastic-coated tubing is installed, can also be a deterrent to obtaining useful pressure data.  
           [0006]    Where the expense can be justified, installation of permanent bottom-hole pressure monitors offers a means of securing such data.  
           [0007]    Electrical methods, such as strain gauges to measure pressure have been available in several forms for many years. In 1998, a taut wire gauge was developed and first received widespread use in Europe. The ends of the taut wire are attached to a sealed steel housing and a steel diaphragm. A current pulse transmitted down hole energizes the wire. As pressure is applied to the diaphragm, tension in the wire is changed with accompanying changes in natural frequency of the wire. An electrical signal is transmitted to a surface receiver for comparison with a signal from a standard calibrated wire for determination of the applied pressure. Detailed description of these equipment plus practical applications in the Rocky Mountain area has been well documented.  
           [0008]    More recently, a pressure gauge using a quartz transducer rather than a taut wire has become available for field applications. During 1959, a down-hole bourbon tube type gauge was developed in the United States. As pressure is applied to the spiral formed tube coupled to a code wheel made of an electrical conductor and an electrical insulator, a pattern change in current requirements is effected. By decoding the current pattern, the bottom-hole pressure can be determined.  
           [0009]    In each of these methods, down-hole signals are transmitted to the surface by means of an electrical cable, which is normally attached to the exterior of the production or injection tubing.  
           [0010]    In even more recent developments new tools has been introduced which do not use any down-hole electronics or electrical conduit by using a pressure-transmission system consists of a {fraction (3/32)}-in. I.D. capillary tube, attached to the outside of the production tubing. This small capillary tube connects a surface recorder to a down-hole chamber in communication with the well fluids.  
           [0011]    In the pressure-transmission approach, a down-hole chamber is connected to a surface monitor by a small-diameter tube filled with a single-phase gas, usually nitrogen. The tube is normally secured to the outside of the production tubing, extended through a packing gland in the casing head, then to a surface-pressure recorder and optional digital readout unit. The down-hole chamber permits expansion and compression of the pressure-transmitting gas without entry of well fluids into the tube (FIG. 1). The size of the chamber is dependent on the anticipated pressure range to be encountered and the diameter of the tubulars. The capillary tube type is dependent on the down-hole environment. A protector or guard banded to the production tubing covers the tube at each collar.  
           [0012]    As compressibility will vary with pressure and temperature, which also vary with depth, corrections must be provided for changes in these conditions throughout the anticipated pressure range to be recorded. A portable monitor and printer are generally used with the pressure type monitoring system an as a side benefit, the combination monitor and printer can also be used for the recording of surface buildups or other pressure monitoring on wells which have no down-hole detector.  
           [0013]    Wire-line pressure surveys are often run in permanent pressure monitored wells to determine the reliability of the results obtained with the permanent pressure transmission systems. Calibration is then required by adjusting the gas pressure in the capillary tube to compensate for the errors. Since pressure is sensitive to the prevailing temperature it is essential that accurate temperature monitoring be achieved. Therefore, in current permanent pressure monitoring systems of this type errors are prominent especially in deep wells and must be compensated for in the recording system by extrapolation.  
           [0014]    The initial expense of permanent down-hole pressure monitors is greater than routine wire-line pressure surveys with installation expense varying with depth-  
           [0015]    As a result of the expense and inefficiencies of the above related systems a more effective and less expensive permanent down-hole pressure monitoring system has been developed and disclosed herein.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0016]    Conventional chemical injection systems deploy selected chemicals in oil and gas wells for the purposes of controlling tubing corrosion, paraffin buildup, hydrate plugging, etc. Down-hole injection systems are typically comprised of a fluid reservoir, a surface pumping system, plumbing to the wellhead or sub-sea umbilical, a capillary tube attached to the exterior of the production tubing string, a ported mandrel installed in the tubing string, and a complement of back-check valves that prevent down-hole fluid ingression into or through the injection system.  
           [0017]    The invention disclosed herein is an improved cost effective system and method for acquiring accurate, bottom-hole pressure in oil and gas wells. The described invention is ideal as backup to an electronic or fiber-optic monitoring system in high-profile applications, is an economical alternative to provide valuable reservoir data for budget constrained projects, and is viable for hostile environment applications where temperature and/or pressure extremes compromise the reliable operating life of electronic or fiber-optic instruments. By utilizing typical down-hole chemical injection system technology as the basis for pressure data acquisition combined with surface computer integration, a constant accurate picture of formation pressure variations may be obtained at minimum cost. Pressure variations in the chemical injection capillary tube mimics formation flow characteristics which may be monitored by the computer at the surface where pump noise and plumbing vibrations etc., are filtered out, temperature, and fluid and/or gas coefficients are monitored and compared to compensate for any adverse effects which may affect the accuracy of the formation pressures being monitored. Non-electric down-hole pressure monitoring is therefore possible with this system in chemical injection mode or in a dedicated pressure-monitoring mode by making only minor surface adaptations to the well chemical injection pump skid.  
           [0018]    The disclosed invention provides an innovative means for measuring and continuously monitoring the down-hole pressure at the ported chemical injection mandrel. Completely unlike previous pressure transmission systems, the described invention utilizes balanced compression of the capillary media between the natural down-hole pressure source and a tracking surface-controlled injection pressure source. The depicted system is effective with any type of media permitting the selection of optimum fluids that address the chemical injection demand. Incompressible media behaves like a solid transferring pressure changes with excellent transient response and high resolution. Compressible media at significant pressures with a sufficient degree of achieved compression behaves similarly with quick transient response for a hydraulic pressure measuring system. Compressible media at low pressures will alleviate transients and result in sluggish change response for continuous monitoring applications, but will provide comparably accurate sustained measurements where pressures are stable. The depicted system does not require special down-hole equipment and provides the pressure monitoring function concurrent with the continuous or intermittent injection of chemicals at desired rates. Neither the absence of, nor the inclusion of a check-valve(s) (regardless of quantity) adversely affects system operation. The affects of volume variations caused by capillary and/or umbilical hose swelling are compensated within the measurement process. The typical preload of a conventional back-check valve or pair of valves designed for use in a down-hole chemical injection mandrel yields between 60 to 130 pounds force. The hydrostatic weight of fluid combined with injection pressure typically present excessive forces that easily overcome the back-check valve spring load during even infinitesimal reductions in down-hole pressure. The affect of hydrostatic pressure is corrected by calculation. The overall affect of fluid density is summed and compensated in the compressive measurement process. With a determined down-hole pressure minimum and sufficient hydrostatic pressure, a smooth pressure response devoid of “crack pressure” cycling is recorded at ultra low injection rates. The analysis of cyclic behavior is exempt in this condition and the resulting performance is excellent for dedicated down-hole monitoring. The cyclic behavior can be prominent in applications where the media is light and compressible, where hydrostatic offsetting power-spring valves are deployed, and where yield points and fluid friction reflect pump back-pressure surges proportional to injection rates and pump stroke displacement. Many wells can benefit from the smooth dedicated monitoring function through the early producing reservoir life pending the need for chemical inhibition or treatment  
           [0019]    The affects of fluid friction are compensated by calculation at fixed rates with simple system configurations or by sophisticated algorithms with computer-controlled systems for variable injection rates. A novel combination of complementary instruments integrated within, or added to the chemical injection system is required to derive the described pressure monitoring function. Simple system configurations utilizing this innovative pressure measurement and monitoring method derive modest but beneficial performance specifications. The more sophisticated system configurations derive significantly enhanced performance characteristics including greater accuracy and improved resolution. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0020]    For a further understanding of the nature and objects of the present invention, reference should be made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which, like parts are given like reference numerals, and wherein:  
         [0021]    [0021]FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a typical chemical injection module;  
         [0022]    [0022]FIG. 2 is a cross section of a well with chemical injection capability;  
         [0023]    [0023]FIG. 3 is a diagram of one the embodiments of the chemical injection module;  
         [0024]    [0024]FIG. 4 is a diagram of one the embodiments of the chemical injection module;  
         [0025]    [0025]FIG. 5 is a diagram of one the embodiments of the chemical injection module;  
         [0026]    [0026]FIG. 6 is a diagram of one the embodiments of the chemical injection module;  
         [0027]    [0027]FIG. 7 is a diagram of one the embodiments of the chemical injection module;  
         [0028]    [0028]FIG. 8 is a diagram of one the embodiments of the chemical injection module;  
         [0029]    [0029]FIG. 9 is a diagram of one the embodiments of the chemical injection module;  
         [0030]    [0030]FIG. 10 is a diagram of one the embodiments of the chemical injection module;  
         [0031]    [0031]FIG. 11 is a diagram of one the embodiments of the chemical injection module;  
         [0032]    [0032]FIG. 12 is a diagram of one the embodiments of the chemical injection module;  
         [0033]    [0033]FIG. 13 is a diagram of one the embodiments of the chemical injection module; and  
         [0034]    [0034]FIG. 14 is a data flow diagram. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT  
       [0035]    An improved down-hole permanent pressure monitoring system is disclosed that utilizes a modified oil and gas well chemical injection system. A typical chemical injection system  10  as is illustrated in FIG. 1 includes a relatively low volume, high pressure injection pump  12 , a chemical reservoir  14 , an air supply  16 , the usual suction and discharge filters  18 , check valves  20 , safety valve  22 , needle valve  24 , cutoff valves  26 , Chemical is discharged from the pump  12  through the discharge line  34  and makes external connection  36  with a chemical umbilical line leading to the well head  38  seen in FIG. 2, where a capillary tube  40  extending externally along the production casing  42  terminates at an injection port  44  near the bottom of the well formation as shown in FIG. 1. Fluid flowing upwards through the production casing  42  is prevented from entering the chemical injection capillary tube by a check valve  46 . In typical operations when chemicals from the chemical reservoir  14  are needed in the production tubing, to prevent excess paraffin build-up, corrosion, hydrate plug ing or otherwise help improve production fluid flow, the injection pump  12  is activated thereby pressurizing the umbilical line  36  and capillary tube  40  with a column of fluid or gas, to an extent sufficient to overcome the differential across the down-hole check valve  46 , and allows the chemicals to enter the production tubing. The pressure required to overcome the pressure differential across the remote down-hole chemical injection valve is a fairly good indicator of the formation fluid or gas pressure in the production tubing. However, the formation production flow pressure relative to chemical injection pressure reading at the surface is not sufficiently accurate to serve any useful purpose. There are a great many adverse factors that must be taken into account before any real correlation can be made.  
         [0036]    To obtain useful non-electric sensing of bottom or down-hole production fluid formation pressure using the data from the chemical injection system  10 , the system must utilize a constant source of variable pressure such as a variable displacement metering pump  15  as first seen in FIG. 7. By maintaining a tracking static pressure on the capillary tube  40  specific data relating to the well may be generated for comparison with previously acquired or extrapolated data. Such data may include the following elements derived from the following equations;  
         [0037]    ρ density of the injectate  
         [0038]    g acceleration due to gravity  
         [0039]    v velocity of flow  
         [0040]    ε pipe roughness  
         [0041]    h L  head loss due to friction  
         [0042]    h depth of the well (TVD)  
         [0043]    μ viscosity of the injectate  
               CHART I                                                                                
 
         [0044]    take all pressures acting up as positive.  
         [0045]    P res +P friction (as flow is downwards)=P pump +P  hydrostatic.    
         [0046]    P res =unknown  
         [0047]    P pump =measured  
         P  hydrostatic.  ρg h  (1)  
         P friction =ρg h L   (2)  
         [0048]    Where,  
         [0049]    Darcy-Weisbach equation  
               h   L     =       f                 L                   v   2         2                 g                 D               (   3   )               and                 f                           f   =       64   Re                   for                 laminar                 flow             (   4   )                               
 
         [0050]    And for turbulent flow  
         [0051]    Colebrook-White equation (1937): an implicit equation  
               1     f       =       -   2                     log        [         ɛ   /   D     3.7     +     2.51     Re        f           ]                 (   5   )                               
 
         [0052]    Colebrook Approximation: an explicit equation  
             f   =     1.325       (     ln        (       (       ɛ   /   D     3.7     )     +     (     5.74     Re   09       )       )       )     2               (   6   )                   -     10     -   6         &lt;=     ɛ   /   D     &lt;=     10     -   2         ;     5000   &lt;=   Re   &lt;=     10   8                                 and                 Re     =       ρ                 v                 D     μ             (   7   )                               
 
         [0053]    The pressure and flow-rate data sets collected and established by the above formulas may then be combined with other data sets for comparison.  
         [0054]    It should be understood that although some useful down-hole pressure and chemical flow-rate data may be obtained by utilizing the chemical injection system  10  as described in FIG. 1 with manual manipulation of the primary chemical injection pump  12  in combination with a pressure transducer  32  as shown in FIG. 3 for monitoring the pressure on the down-hole capillary tube  40 . However, a remote computer acquistion system  50  as seen in FIG. 4 may be integrated into a modified chemical injection system  52  shown in FIG. 4. The remote acquisition computer  50  receives data from the pressure transducer  32  in combination with a local indicator or recorder  54 . In this manner is it possible to monitor the dynamic pressure on the chemical injection capillary tube  40  from the surface of the well by allowing the injection pump  12  to track formation flow fluctuations up or down thereby providing automatic dynamic control.  
         [0055]    The basis for the current more efficient permanent pressure monitoring system as seen in FIGS. 6-12 is to provide a means for operating in two modes first a pressure monitoring mode and a second mode whereby both pressure monitoring and chemical injection are taking place simultaneously. Obviously a more accurate pressure recording is possible in mode  1 . However, both modes are essentially the same except that in Mode  2  the computerized system compensates for friction drop variables due to injection rate and temperature variation.  
         [0056]    Integration of some means for temperature sensing would obviously enhance the system and may be achieve in any number of ways the preferred of which is a distributed temperature sensor (DTS). A DTS system in this application would locate a fiber optic sensor in the chemical injection capillary tube  40  thereby further enhancing the accuracy of the pressure recording and improving the temperature coefficient based on a particular fluid density.  
         [0057]    These correlations between fluid density, viscosity and temperature are prerecorded in the computer&#39;s database utilizing the above mention formula.  
         [0058]    Another important factor is the hydrostatic pressure on the capillary line  40  as measured by a sub-sea pressure transducer  58 , the umbilical yield point on line sub-sea umbilical lines  56  and horizontal plumbing lines  36  all of which must be compensated for in the computer software in sub sea environments as seen in the FIG. 5 diagram.  
         [0059]    The pressure monitoring system is effective when used with either a gas or a fluid as the injection tube or capillary media. However, since the fluid in the capillary tube  40  varies with the chemical injection rate the computer software is designed to compensate for fluid friction pressure drop. Since the pump  12  may be used to automatically compensates for pressure variables in the capillary tube  40 , tube swelling or contraction is not a problem.  
         [0060]    Another important factor that must be overcome is surface pump pressure noise resulting from sub-sea umbilical lines and horizontal plumbing on the well platform. This problem is anticipated and compensated by providing both pulse dampeners in the injection flow lines and by providing noise filters in the computer software to smooth out the recorded pressure readings.  
         [0061]    The CPMS as disclosed herein nullifies and/or eliminates any errors that may result from the Bernoulli effect taking place in the chemical injection system, whereby the production fluid from the well passing upwards through the production casing by passing over the chemical injection orifice  44  seen in FIG. 2 thereby creating a vacuum on the down-hole check valve  46  seen in FIG. 1. This eliminates the need for modeling the characteristics of the valve  46 .  
         [0062]    By controlling the injection pump speed or volume pressure in the chemical injection capillary tube connected to the down-hole check valve  46  a near zero deferential relative to the well fluid pressure may be maintained across the check valve  46 . Therefore, to achieve chemical injection into the production fluid, pressure is increased in the capillary tube to overcome the well fluid pressure. When monitoring the well fluid pressure only, the check valve  46  is held in a neutral state. It should be understood that the modified injection system  52  works equally as well with or without a check valve  46  being in the system. Although most chemical injection systems  10  rely on one or more check valves for various safety reasons, the modified system  52  as disclosed herein does not depict the check valve  46  as one of the system elements.  
         [0063]    As previously discussed and seen in FIG. 1 a typical chemical injection pump system  10  utilizes a static fixed displacement pump  12  and can be utilized with the pressure monitoring system seen in FIG. 3 with manual manipulation by an operator in cooperation with a computer recording system seen in FIG. 4 to compensate for the various factors stated herein. Clearly, a more efficient computer controlled metering pump enhances the system by monitoring the remote capillary tube&#39;s differential pressure and eliminates the need for an operator thereby making the system fully automatic. Other types of pumps may also be used such as a variable displacement type.  
         [0064]    Since the permanent formation pressure monitoring system or continuous pressure monitoring system (CPMS) is effectively integrated with the chemical injection system it should be understood that the CPMS does not interfere with the chemical injection system in any way. The pressure monitoring system simply monitors the chemical injection system and compensates for any adverse effects that tend to affect the accuracy of the well pressure reading.  
         [0065]    Wells that are fitted with chemical injection system in their early stages for use at a later time when needed may now utilize such systems as dedicated well pressure monitoring system until needed for chemical injection at which time the system computer is programmed to compensate for the friction drop based on temperature and fluid coefficients for the type of chemicals and fluid viscosity being used. These friction coefficients are developed by lab experiments for various types of fluids and their reactions at various temperatures in various types of conduits.  
         [0066]    When comparing pressure gauge logs with the Chemical Pressure Monitoring System (CPMS) it was found that the CPMS system traced pressure changes down-hole with a 95% accuracy rate. However, as with any point-to-point measurement, progression errors do occurred. Therefore, by establishing a starting reference data line in the CPMS computer each data sample is compared to the starting data point thereby eliminating progression errors.  
         [0067]    It is anticipated that the system will be 100% accurate when all time laps and frictional coefficients have been integrated in the system for a particular well.  
         [0068]    In operation the chemical injection pump  12  seen in FIG. 1 is engaged to apply pressure and fluid displacement sufficient to establish overriding injection pressure into the production tubing  42  seen in FIG. 2. During the initial application of pressure and displacement of chemical in the injection line, an increase in pressure from the pump  12  with pulses corresponding to pump stroke displacement is observed by the flow meter  28  and pressure transducer  32  or other such means until production tubing communication is attained.  
         [0069]    The chemical pressure continues to build until the opposing forces of the facility plumbing yield point is overcome, consisting of the umbilical yield point (applicable to sub-sea applications), the mechanical force sum of spring-loaded back-check valves  46 , tube swelling volume displacement, and the down-hole pressure at the injection port  44 . Tube and/or hose swelling affects are reduced to the interval of time required to establish well-bore fluid communication (injection). The subsequent detection of flow communication into the well bore is easily discerned in the measured pressure data. Once pump pressure combined with the hydrostatic weight of the injection fluid column, establish communication through the check-valves  46 , a moment of pressure equilibrium occurs against the down-hole pressure source. Continued pumping action again increases the pressure applied causing this cycle to repeat. The toggling action between the higher pressure required to establish communication and the lower equalized pressure immediately following the actual injection event is observed on the pressure gauge and/or recording device. Display of pressure value may be a conventional oil-filled gauge or transducer  32  as seen in FIG. 3, a chart recorder  54 , a local process meter  60  as first seen in FIG. 11, an electronic recorder  54 , a printer connected to the computer-based acquisition system. Although a conventional gauge can be used to take measurements through manual execution of the depicted process, suitable electronic pressure transducer and acquisition systems are recommended for manual control applications and required for continuous monitoring as shown in FIG. 4. The hydrostatic pressure is determined by empirical test or predicted through calculation. The resulting hydrostatic offset value is added to the raw data measurement recorded or noted from the pressure gauge or transducer. The fluid friction pressure drop is calculated and the value added to the sum of the hydrostatic offset value and the raw pressure measurement. Pressure measurements of greater accuracy can be obtained by reducing the injection flow rate to a minimum and thus reduce or negate the friction pressure drop error. With a determined down-hole pressure minimum and sufficient hydrostatic pressure, a smooth pressure response devoid of “crack pressure” cycling is recorded at ultra low injection rates. The analysis of cyclic behavior is exempt in this condition and the resulting performance is excellent for dedicated down-hole monitoring. The cyclic behavior can be prominent in applications where the media is light and compressible, where hydrostatic offsetting power-spring valves are deployed, and where yield points and fluid friction reflect pump back-pressure surges proportional to injection rates and pump stroke displacement. Many wells can benefit from the smooth dedicated monitoring function through the early producing reservoir life pending the need for chemical inhibition or treatment. In sub-sea applications, a pressure transducer tapped into the chemical line at the sub-sea tree enhances transient response and accuracy by excluding the umbilical and topsides plumbing yield points. Pressure transducers located at both the injection pumps and the sub-sea tree provide an accurate determination of the combined yield points. This is invaluable as the yield point due to the umbilical adhering to the variable topography of the sea floor is not easily predicted. For new wells, involvement in the well test process with a portable version of the monitoring system establishes reference production data and down-hole pressure baselines traceable to the eventual umbilical termination point resulting in more accurate correction factor and offset determinations. The addition of a positive displacement metering pump capable of minute injection flow rates provides an optimum static pressure measurement capable of the highest measurement accuracy attainable. A manually controlled metering pump may be used, but pressure measurements will produce an accruing error as down-hole pressure deviates from a particular setting. Manual readjustment will be required to track changes in down-hole pressure. An electronically-controlled metering pump operated automatically by a computer system programmed to dynamically respond to changes in down-hole pressure is recommended. By halting the primary high-volume injection pump(s), and establishing production tubing communication with the ultra low-volume low-rate metering pump, measurements are taken at an ultra low injection flow rate where the fluid friction pressure drop is reduced to an insignificant value. Following confirmed production tubing communication, halting the positive displacement metering pump will result in an ideal static no-flow condition with a capture of raw data devoid of any friction pressure drop (zero flow-rate). The natural closing of check-valves at this moment of pressure equilibrium has no detrimental affect. The measurement derived by this static method provides a baseline for friction pressure drop correction. The addition of an ultra-low rate capable flow meter  28  first seen in FIG. 8 in line with an electronically controlled version of the metering pump enables automatic control routines via the computer system greatly enhancing monitoring capability and reducing manual intervention to obtain baseline measurements. The addition of a high-rate flow meter  29  as first seen in FIG. 9 capable of the intended injection rate span extends the continuous monitoring capability to operate concurrently with chemical injection. Chemical injection parameters are not limited by the pressure monitoring system thus may be set for optimum well maintenance requirements. Manual calculations are acceptable for detection of deviations from a set down-hole pressure and injection rate. A software algorithm that utilizes measured injection flow rate data and the static calibration value performs real-time compensation for fluid friction pressure drop and backpressure associated with changes in the injection rate and/or down-hole pressure. Pressure and rate indicators local to the pumps and flow meters are a system enhancement that provides redundancy for measurement integrity verification and convenient displays for system setup, modeling, retrofit, troubleshooting, and well intervention. The static pressure measurement and the real-time flow rate value are factored to correct the down-hole measurement at various injection rates with dynamic friction pressure drop compensation. New static pressure measurements taken at determined intervals or alternating cycles enables a calibration function in the monitoring software. When the Computer system  50  system is expanded as seen in FIG. 11 to encompass automated variable control over the variable displacement primary injection pump  62  rate and the variable volume metering pump  63 , an automatic self-calibration routine can be configured in the system software. Temperature corrections of the pressure measurement are made by conventional equations including predictions based on logging measurements. Fluid density ultimately affects the hydrostatic pressure and its frictional effects are distributed through the capillary length as a function of temperature. The addition of a thermocouple  64 , resistance temperature device (RTD)  66 , or preferable a fiber-optic distributed temperature sensing (DTS) system  68  as shown in FIG. 12 enhances the pressure monitoring system with a real-time temperature measurement near the injection point to improve pressure measurement accuracy. Computer software further refines the conditioned pressure data with the temperature measurement as opposed to applying a predicted constant or average value. The DTS system  68  provides the base benefit of its inherent design delivering a temperature profile throughout the entire length of optical fiber. As a novel application, the distributed temperature measurement can be processed with directional well information through a software algorithm to determine the distributed fluid density and friction coefficient characteristics for further refinement of pressure measurement and behavioral response modeling and compensation. In applications where down-hole pressure falls below the hydrostatic weight of the injection fluid column a noble gas feed subsystem is added to the chemical injection/pressure monitoring system as seen in FIG. 13. Nitrogen is the common choice with many facilities already equipped with a Nitrogen gas supply  70  controlled and feed to the injections system through valves  72  in the manner shown in FIG. 13. Concurrent chemical injection is still permissible, but only in an alternating cyclic mode that permits complete injection (evacuation) of the chemical prior to taking a pressure measurement with the gas media.  
         [0070]    An unknown fluid level equates to an unknown hydrostatic weight (head pressure) The volumetric quantity of chemical injected through the gas-filled capillary, valves, injection port, and into the production tubing string remains known and controlled. The computer-based automated system is essential for continuous monitoring, but manual execution of the process will derive acceptable single-point measurement results for many well management applications. The automated fluid/gas switching method of operation will reduce sample resolution to the measurement cycle rate. Ultimately, at a given sample interval the minimum peak discharge pressure measurement following production tubing communication, plus hydrostatic pressure, plus fluid friction pressure drop, temperature corrected, equals the down-hole pressure at the injection port.  
         [0071]    The Compute software monitors the system as disclosed herein, acquires input data from the various senescing elements and displays and/or provides file outputs as show in FIG. 14.  
         [0072]    Because many varying and different embodiments may be made within the scope of the inventive concept herein taught, and because many modifications may be made in the embodiments herein detailed in accordance with the descriptive requirement of the law, it is to be understood that the details herein are to be interpreted as illustrative and not in any limiting sense.