Abstract:
A light emitting diode (LED) package includes at least one LED chip, a carrier, a light reflection element and at least one outside connection electrode. The LED chip is disposed on the carrier and a conductive line or a flip chip method is used to connect the electrodes of the LED chip to the external connection electrodes. A transparent material is used for fixing the light reflection element and carrier, and forming a lens.

Description:
BACKGROUND 
   1. Field of Invention 
   The invention relates to a light emitting device and process of making the same, and in particular to a light emitting diode package and process of making the same. 
   2. Related Art 
   A light emitting diode (LED) is a device that is composed of semiconductor material. It is also a solid source of light for transforming electricity into light. It is not only small in size but also has desirable properties such as long span life, low driving voltage, high response speed and shock resistance, which satisfy the applications requiring the properties of small, thin and light. Therefore, the LED has already become a common product in our daily lives and turned into a mature industry. 
   Generally, with an LED package such as the structure shown in  FIGS. 1A and 1B , a LED chip is mounted on a substrate and surrounded by transparent epoxy for emitting light up or down. The light distribution curve of the structure is shown in  FIG. 1C . 
   There are a few reasons for the growing demand for parallel sources of light. On the one hand, the vigorous growth of the LCD device increases the growing demand for parallel sources of light. On the other hand, parallel sources of light used in headlight or tail light industries can only be produced either from the light distribution curve, which is shown in  FIG. 2  by using a light shield, or by using a light distribution curve produced by lamps, lanterns and LEDs, which are disclosed in PAL 2003 Symposium by Darmstadt University of Technology (please see the attachment). However, parallel sources of light produced by the structure described above require a large sized structure, which doesn&#39;t meet economic requirements. Therefore in order to satisfy the demand for parallel sources of light, there research is being done on LED devices to produce parallel light. 
   For example, please refer to  FIGS. 3A and 3B , which show an LED package that emits light parallel to the substrate. The technique is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,627,922. The structure disclosed in  FIG. 3A  includes a light reflective element  10 , an LED chip  14  and a substrate  16 . The light reflective element  10  has an opening  12  at one side for emitting reflected light that is produced by the LED chip  14 . The structure disclosed in  FIG. 3B  includes a rectangular insulation substrate  1 , electrodes ( 2  and  3 ), an LED chip  4 , a transparent element  6  and a light reflective element  7 . The light reflective element  7  only covers part of the transparent element  6 , and exposes the front and two sides of the transparent element  6 . Therefore, light produced by the LED chip  4  can emit in parallel form from the front of the transparent element  6 . 
   The prior art includes the following steps: mounting an LED chip  4  on a substrate; covering a transparent material on the LED chip  4  to form a transparent element  6 ; and then forming a light reflective element  7  above the transparent element  6 . The process used to produce such an LED structure is complicated and costly. And because the light reflective element  7  is attached or mounted on the substrate  1 , it may fall off and lose function. Further, the connection between the substrate  1 , transparent element  6  and light reflective element  7  only depends on the strength of binding without any structural griping. Thus it is easily separated, which limits the application of the LED package. Due to its fragile structure, this kind of LED package is only suitable for low power applications, such as low power cell phones. And due to the limitation of the size of the structure, using several LED chips for mixing light may have several disadvantages, such as poor performance, poor optical properties and difficulty of designing the reflective surface. 
   Therefore, there is still a need for improving the LED package used to emit parallel light, which can simplify the process, reduce cost, increase the strength of the structure and improving the light mixing performance. 
   SUMMARY 
   One objective of the invention is to provide a light emitting diode (LED) package and process of making the same, which is simple and has the advantages of low cost, high structural strength and good light mixing performance. 
   In order to achieve the above objective, the light emitting diode (LED) package of the invention includes: a reflective substrate having at least one reflective cup, wherein the reflective substrate bends to form a shield for covering the reflective cup; at least one LED chip, which is disposed in the reflective cup; and a transparent body or gel injection shell that covers the entire reflective substrate and the LED chip and further forms a lens in front of the LED chip. 
   In order to achieve the above objective, a process of making a light emitting diode (LED) package of the invention comprises the following steps: providing a reflective substrate, which has at least one reflective cup for accommodating an LED chip; stamping to form an opening in the reflective substrate; bending the reflective substrate to form a shield with a surface of the reflective substrate for covering the reflective cup; and forming a transparent body or gel injection shell that covers the entire reflective substrate and further forms a lens in front of the LED chip. 
   The reflective substrate can be composed of a metal material that has good ductility, such as copper. The surface of bending reflective substrate can be curved and the transparent body or gel injection shell can be composed of a transparent epoxy. 
   According to the manner of its application, the shield can have a receiver inside for receiving the reflected light from the bending reflective surface of the substrate. 
   According to the brief description above, the LED package can be attained by bending a reflective substrate to form the reflective surface, and simple and conventional processes of injection and molding are used to form the transparent body. Therefore the process is simplified and the cost can be reduced. In addition, because the reflective surface can emit light in parallel, the direction of the emitting light can be limited below a certain angle without additional light shielding. Furthermore, because the reflective surface is formed by directly bending the substrate, there is no problem of falling off the reflective surface. When this structure is used to accommodate several LEDs for light mixing, a good light mixing performance can be obtained. 
   Therefore, the invention can be applied to the headlight industry, taillight industry, backlight industry and DVD optical read head industry. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       FIGS. 1A and 1B  are diagrams showing a conventional LED package that emits light upward and a conventional LED package that emits light downward, respectively. 
       FIG. 1C  is a light distribution curve of the conventional LED package, which emits light upward or downward. 
       FIG. 2  is a spectacular light distribution curve of the headlight or taillight industry for producing a parallel light. 
       FIGS. 3A and 3B  are conventional techniques disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,627,922. 
       FIGS. 4A to 4C  are 3D flowcharts of the first preferred embodiment of the invention. 
       FIGS. 5A to 5D  are 3D flowcharts of the second preferred embodiment of the invention. 
       FIGS. 6A to 6C  are 3D flowcharts of the third preferred embodiment of the invention. 
       FIGS. 7 and 8  show the LED packages that have two electric bars and six electric bars, respectively, according to the second preferred embodiment. 
       FIG. 9  shows the side view of the second preferred embodiment of the invention. 
       FIG. 10  shows the light simulation diagram of the second preferred embodiment of the invention. 
       FIG. 11  shows a side view of another preferred embodiment of the LED package according to the invention. 
       FIG. 12  shows a side view of another preferred embodiment of the LED package according to the invention. 
       FIG. 13  shows the simulation diagram of light distribution of the LED package according to the invention. 
   

   DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
   Please refer to  FIGS. 4A-4C , which are 3D flowcharts of the first preferred embodiment of the invention. 
   The process includes the following steps. At least one LED chip (not shown in the drawings) is disposed in the reflective cups  18   a ,  18   b  and  18   c  of the reflective substrate  9 . The reflective substrate  9  is made of metal materials such as Cu, Fe or a Cu—Fe alloy, and an injection or stamping technique is used to make the reflective substrate  9  form the reflective cups  18   a ,  18   b  and  18   c , the reflective surface  20 , a plurality of supporting bars  23   a ,  23   b  and the opening  23 . The opening  23  is encircled by an edge of the reflective surface  20 , an edge of the reflective substrate  9  and the supporting bars  23   a ,  23   b . The acute angle is created at the connection portion between the reflective surface  20  and the reflective substrate  9 . Accordingly, the reflective surface  20  and the reflective substrate  9  are integrated in one piece. The plurality of bars  23   a ,  23   b , the reflective surface  20  and the reflective substrate  9  constitute a triangular shape. The reflective surface  20  and the opening  23  are formed at the front of the reflective substrate  9 . Next, the reflective surface  20  is bent backward and close to the substrate to become a shield for covering the reflective cups  18   a ,  18   b  and  18   c . An injection molding or injection gel molding process is then processed to form a transparent body or gel injection shell  15 , which covers the whole reflective substrate  9 , and the LED chip, and further to form a single lens in front of the opening. 
   The wire bonding of the LED chip connects to four electric bars for electric connection  19  to the outside. Half of the four electric bars  27  are pointed in a direction opposite that of the other half. 
   Please refer to  FIGS. 5A-5D , which are 3D flowcharts of the second preferred embodiment of the invention. 
   The process includes the following steps. At least one LED chip (not shown in the drawings) is disposed in the reflective cups  18   a ,  18   b  and  18   c  of the reflective substrate  9 . The reflective substrate  9  is made of metal materials such as Cu, Fe or a Cu—Fe alloy, and an injection or stamping technique is used to make the reflective substrate  9  form the reflective cups  18   a ,  18   b  and  18   c , the reflective surface  20  and the opening  23 . The reflective surface  20  and the opening  23  are formed at the front of the reflective substrate  9 . Next, the reflective surface  20  is bended backward and close to the substrate to become a shield for covering the reflective cups  18   a ,  18   b  and  18   c . An injection molding or injection gel molding process is then proceeded to form a transparent body or gel injection shell  15 , which covers the whole reflective substrate  9  and the LED chip, and further to form a single lens in front of the opening. 
   The wire bonding of the LED chip connects to four electric bars for electric connection  19  to the outside. The four electric bars  27  are pointed in the same direction. 
   Please refer to  FIGS. 6A-6C , which are 3D flowcharts of the third preferred embodiment of the invention. 
   The process includes the following steps. At least one LED chip (not shown in the drawings) is disposed in the reflective cups  18   a ,  18   b  and  18   c  of the reflective substrate  9 . The reflective substrate  9  is made of metal materials such as Cu, Fe or a Cu—Fe alloy, and an injection or stamping technique is used to make the reflective substrate  9  form the reflective cups  18   a ,  18   b  and  18   c , the reflective surface  20  and the joints  25  that combine the reflective surface  20  and the substrate  9 . The reflective surface  20  and the surface of the substrate  9  together form a shield for covering the reflective cups  18   a ,  18   b  and  18   c . An injection molding or injection gel molding process is then performed to form a transparent body or gel injection shell  15 , which covers the entire reflective substrate  9  and the LED chip, and further to form a single lens in front of the opening. 
   The wire bonding of the LED chip connects to four electric bars for electric connection  19  to the outside. The four electric bars  27  are pointed in the same direction. 
   In addition, although four electric bars are used as an example in the above embodiments, practically, they are not a limitation of the numbers of electric bars that can be used. For example, please refer to  FIGS. 7 and 8 . According to the second preferred embodiment, the LED package also can have two electric bars  27  or six electric bars  27 . 
   Similarly, although the second preferred embodiment is used as an example in the previous paragraph, two electric bars and six electric bars also can apply to the first preferred embodiment and the third preferred embodiment. 
   According to the description above, it can be seen that there are two characterized technical steps in the invention. One is forming the reflective surface of the LED chip by directly bending the substrate. The other is using gel injection or injection molding processes to form a transparent body or gel injection shell for covering the substrate, and further to form a single lens in front of the opening. Therefore the process of making the LED package is simpler, more convenient and less expensive. 
   The process described above is accomplished by the design of the structure. In other words, it is the modification of structure that makes the process simpler and less expensive. Following are detail descriptions that accompany the drawings for the characterized structure of the invention. 
   Please refer to  FIG. 9 , which shows the side view of the second preferred embodiment of the invention. 
   The LED package includes: a reflective substrate  9  with a reflective cup  18 ; an LED chip  17 ; and a transparent body or gel injection shell  15 . 
   The reflective substrate  9  can be composed of metal or non-metal materials, which are conductive or non-conductive materials with good reflectivity, good ductility and good heat conductivity. The reflective substrate  9  comprises an opening and at least one reflective cup  18 , and extends a reflective surface  20  that can be bended and is light reflective. Because the reflective substrate  9  is made of ductile metal, it can be bent backward to form a shield with the opening  23  and the surface of the substrate  9  for accommodating the reflective cups  18  of the LED chips. The purpose of the opening  23  is to emit light that is reflected, so the design of the opening  23  depends on the angle of the reflective light. The opening  23  and the reflective cup  18  can be formed by stamping or injection molding. 
   In addition, the reflective substrate  9  can electrically connect to the wire bonding of the LED chip  17  or form an electric pattern thereon for electrically connecting the LED chip  17 . 
   One or more LED chips  17  can be disposed in the reflective cup  18  of the reflective substrate  9 , the chips can comprises the p-n junction forms on a semiconductor substrate composed of AlGaAs, AlGaInP, GaP or GaN. et, al. 
   The selection of the semiconductor depends on the desire wavelength of emitted light. 
   Except for the examples disclosed above, any appropriate LED chip recognized by a person skilled in the art can also be used. In other words, the invention is not limited by the LED chip described above. 
   The transparent body or gel injection shell  15  can be formed to cover the entire reflective substrate  9 , including the reflective cups and the upper and lower surfaces of reflective substrate  9 . The transparent body or gel injection shell  15  can be made of transparent epoxy, silica gel or the equivalent. Because the transparent body or the gel injection shell  15  is pervious to light and is used to form a lens in front of the opening, the material and curvature can be modified according to the desired amount of light in the LED package. For example,  FIG. 10  shows a light simulation diagram of the structure. 
   According to the invention, the bending radian of the reflective substrate depends on the positions of the LED chip and parallel light desired. That is, the parameters of the radian for bending the reflective substrate and the parameters of placing the LED chip are designed and modified according to the desired parallel light. 
   Please refer to the  FIG. 11 , which shows a side view of another preferred embodiment of the LED package according to the invention. 
   The LED package comprises three groups of LED chips (one or more than one)  17   a ,  17   b  and  17   c . That is, there are three LED chips  17   a ,  17   b  and  17   c  in reflective cups  18   a ,  18   b  and  18   c  in a shield, which is composed of the bending reflective surface  20  of the reflective substrate and the reflective substrate&#39;s surface. The three LED chip groups  17   a ,  17   b  and  17   c , for example, can emit red, blue and green light separately and produce good tinges of white light by using the bending reflective surface  20  to reflect and mix the lights in the structure. 
   Although this preferred embodiment uses three LED chips or chip groups in a package as an example, practically, the number of LED chips can be increased or reduced as needed. 
   Please refer to the  FIG. 12 , which shows a side view of another preferred embodiment of the LED package according to the invention. 
   The LED package in this example is used in the DVD read head application. The LED package includes LED chips  17  and a receiver  21 . That is, there is an LED chips  17  and a receiver  21  in the reflective cups  18   a  and  18   b . The light produced by the LED chips  17  can be reflected by the bending surface  20  of the reflective substrate, which results in parallel light. Furthermore, the incident parallel light can be reflected by the bending surface  20  of the reflective substrate, which is received by the receiver  21 . 
   Please refer to the  FIG. 13 , which shows a simulation diagram of light distribution of the LED package according to the invention. 
   According to the simulation drawing, the light produced according to the invention is distributed below 0 degrees. Therefore, there is no need for a light shield, which is necessary in conventional headlight or tail-light techniques for limiting the light distribution region. Thus the cost of additional light shielding is not needed and a better or equal performance can be achieved more efficiently. 
   From the description above, an LED package can be easily obtained by the process of directly bending the substrate to form a reflective surface, and the process of conventional gel injection. Therefore, it has the advantages of a simple process and reduced cost. In addition, because the reflective surface makes the LED chip able to emit parallel light, the additional light shield is unnecessary. The problem of the reflective element falling off can be solved by directly bending the substrate to form the reflective surface, therefore improving the strength of the structure. Moreover, when this structure is used to accommodate several LEDs for mixing lights, a good light mixing performance can be obtained. 
   Thus, the invention can apply to headlight, taillight, backlight or DVD read head industries. 
   Although the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, this description is not meant to be construed in a limiting sense. Various modifications of the disclosed embodiments, as well as alternative embodiments, will be apparent to persons skilled in the art. It is, therefore, intended that the appended claims will cover all modifications that fall within the scope of the invention.