Abstract:
A method for engineering change management, includes providing access to at least one notification template, the notification template including predefined information for providing notification information to at least one party and providing a system for managing notifications sent to parties, the notifications including information messages, wherein the notifications can be created using the at least one notification template.

Description:
BACKGROUND 
     1. Technical Field 
     The present disclosure relates generally to engineering change management and, more particularly, to a method and apparatus for engineering change management. 
     2. Description of the Related Art 
     Engineering Change Management (ECM) allows a fast, effective and secure way of dealing with engineering change processes. Various meta-objects can be used for the management and control of the engineering change process. A change notification object can be used by a customer, for example, to report issues to a company via the web. The company can then use the change notification to check further into the issue and decide if any follow-up activities are required on its part. If it is decided that an engineering change may be needed, the feasibility and necessity of the change can then be determined by one or more parties in the company. If it is determined that the changes are feasible and necessary, an approval process is started. If everyone involved in the approval process approves the changes, the changes can then be made. 
       FIGS. 2A and 2B  are a flow chart and a block diagram for describing in more detail, an example of the engineering change process. A customer  20  may be, for example, external partners or internal colleagues to business  21 . Customer  20  is capable of communicating with business  21  using various types of communication systems including, for example, the World Wide Web. When customer  20  wants to report an issue with, for example, a product manufactured by business  21 , customer  20  prepares and sends a change notification to business  21  via, for example, the World Wide Web (Step S 2 ). The change notification then gets routed to configuration management  22 . Although shown in one box as entities of business  21 , configuration management  22  and/or engineering  24  may be separate companies or entities from business  21  that partner with each other. 
     Configuration management  22  reviews the change notifications, creates an engineering change request (ECR) and assigns objects that need to be changed (Step S 4 ). For example, objects that need to be changed may include manuals, schematics, bills of material, etc. The ECR is then routed to designated parties in engineering  24  where the feasibility of the changes for the affected objects is checked (Step S 6 ). If configuration management  22  is notified by engineering  24  that some or all of the changes are feasible, configuration management  22  approves the ECR and converts it into an engineering change order (ECO) (Step S 8 ). The ECO is then routed to engineering  24  where the objects can be changed in accordance with the ECO (Step S 10 ). 
     During the engineering change process, different parties with different roles are involved at different stages of the process. For example, different parties may be responsible and/or accountable for various stages of the process. In addition, parties may need to be consulted and/or kept informed about various stages of the process. Accordingly, different types of notifications may be made available at different stages of the process in order to trigger required actions or simply to keep people informed. 
     During the engineering process, users can generate and send notifications to inform responsible, consulted and/or informed users of the status of the process. The notification is a way of sending short information messages to other users. Notifications can be sent manually or automatically. In present systems, when a user wants to send a manual notification to another user, the user enters details of the notification (e.g., subject, priority and comment, etc.) each time they want to send the notification. The system can also be arranged to send automatic notifications where the text is fixed, except for the link that gives access to the object on which the notification is based. 
     There is a need for a notification system that is flexible in the information that can be entered and yet is easy and efficient to use. 
     SUMMARY 
     This application describes tools (in the form of methodologies, apparatuses, and systems) for engineering change management. The tools may be embodied in one or more computer programs stored on a computer readable medium or program storage device and/or transmitted in the form of a computer data signal in one or more segments via a computer network or other transmission medium. 
     A method for engineering change management, includes providing access to at least one notification template, the notification template including predefined information for providing notification information to at least one party and providing a system for managing notifications sent to parties, the notifications including information messages, wherein the notifications can be created using the at least one notification template. 
     A programmed computer apparatus for engineering change management, includes a module for providing access to at least one notification template, the notification template including predefined information for providing notification information to at least one party and a module for managing notifications sent to parties, the notifications including information messages, wherein the notifications can be created using the at least one notification template. 
     A computer recording medium including computer executable code for performing engineering change management, includes code for providing access to at least one notification template, the notification template including predefined information for providing notification information to at least one party and code for managing notifications sent to parties, the notifications including information messages, wherein the notifications can be created using the at least one notification template. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       A more complete appreciation of the present disclosure and many of the attendant advantages thereof will be readily obtained as the same becomes better understood by reference to the following detailed description when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings, wherein: 
         FIG. 1  shows a block diagram of an exemplary computer system capable of implementing the methods and systems of the present disclosure; 
         FIGS. 2A and 2B  show a flow chart and block diagram, respectively, for describing aspects of engineering change management; 
         FIG. 3  shows a page for managing notification templates according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 4  shows an example a page for creating a notification template according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 5  shows an example of a page for viewing a notification template according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 6  shows an example of a page for changing a notification template according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 7-12  show examples of pages for using notification templates according to various embodiments of the present disclosure: 
         FIG. 13  shows an example of a page for viewing user roles according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; and 
         FIG. 14-19  show examples of pages for assigning and managing authorizations according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The following exemplary embodiments are set forth to aid in an understanding of the subject matter of this disclosure, but are not intended, and may not be construed, to limit in any way the claims which follow thereafter. Therefore, while specific terminology is employed for the sake of clarity in describing some exemplary embodiments, the present disclosure is not intended to be limited to the specific terminology so selected, and it is to be understood that each specific element includes all technical equivalents which operate in a similar manner. 
       FIG. 1  shows an example of a computer system  100  which may implement the method and system of the present disclosure. The system and method of the present disclosure may be implemented in the form of a software application running on a computer system, for example, a mainframe, personal computer (PC), handheld computer, server, etc. The software application may be stored on a recording media locally accessible by the computer system, for example, floppy disk, compact disk, hard disk, etc., or may be remote from the computer system and accessible via a hard wired or wireless connection to a network, for example, a local area network, or the Internet. 
     The computer system  100  can include a central processing unit (CPU)  102 , program and data storage devices  104 , a printer interface  106 , a display unit  108 , a (LAN) local area network data transmission controller  110 , a LAN interface  112 , a network controller  114 , an internal bus  116 , and one or more input devices  118  (for example, a keyboard, mouse etc.). As shown, the system  100  may be connected to a database  120 , via a link  122 . 
     The computer system  100  is merely exemplary. The specific embodiments described herein are illustrative, computer system(s) as referred to herein may include(s) individual computers, servers, computing resources, networks, etc., and many variations can be introduced on these embodiments without departing from the spirit of the disclosure or from the scope of the appended claims. 
     The present disclosure is concerned with, among other things managing notification templates and their use in manual notifications and status transitions. 
     The present disclosure is applicable to various types of design collaboration systems that allow external collaboration with partners and suppliers as well as internal collaboration between globally dispersed design teams. Embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with respect to the use of CFolders (Collaboration Folders) by SAP. However, it should be noted that the present disclosure is not limited thereto and may be applied to other such systems as well. 
     According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, notification templates are provided which can be used when sending notifications. As shown in  FIG. 3 , a link  30  is provided on the left side of a CFolders homepage for managing notification templates. By clicking link  30 , the user is presented with the notification templates overview page  32 . In the overview page  32 , the user has options to review, create, delete and change notification templates. 
     Notification templates can be created and used for automatic and manual notifications. Assuming that the user has authorization to view the notification templates overview and to create notification templates, after the user clicks the “Create” button  34 , the user is presented with a Create Notification Template screen  40  as shown in  FIG. 4 . The user can then supply a name  41  for the template used to uniquely identify the template. The user can assign the notification as high priority by checking box  42 . The user assigns a subject of the Notification Template by entering the subject in field  44 . Examples of subjects can include “Validated,” “Status changed,” “Status Changed to Release,” etc. The user can also enter comments into the note field  46 . The user can then save the notification template by clicking save button  48 . If the name  41  suggested by the user already exists, the system informs the user of the error, and prompts the user to specify a different name. The notification template is thus created and is visible in the list  39  of notification templates shown in overview page  32  ( FIG. 3 ). 
     The user has an option to display and view a notification template. To display a notification template, the user clicks on a notification template name  38  in the list  39  displayed on overview page  32 . Even if the user does not have authorization to modify this template, the selected notification template is displayed (see  FIG. 5 ) in a read-only mode. 
     Users are able to modify notification templates for which they have at least “Write” authorization. The user selects a notification template name  38  ( FIG. 3 ) from the list  39  displayed on overview page  32  and clicks on the name. If the user has at least “write” authorization, the notification template is displayed (see  FIG. 6 ) and the user can then make necessary changes to the notification template. According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the user can modify only the priority field  60 , subject field  62  and note field  64 . That is, the user can not modify the name field  66 . The user then saves the modified notification template by clicking save button  68 . 
     Some notification templates can be deleted while others cannot. For example, a notification template used for automatic notifications (in status transitions) can not be deleted. The user having authorization to view the notification templates overview page and to delete a notification template can delete the notification template that was created for automatic and manual notifications. To delete a notification template, the user selects one or more of the notification templates by checking corresponding boxes  31  ( FIG. 3 ) from the overview page  32  and clicks on the ‘Delete’ button  36 . The system will then prompt whether the user really wants to delete those template(s). To continue with the deletion, the user clicks on an ‘OK’ button (not shown). According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, if a notification template has been assigned by a user for use in a status action or status transition action, deletion is not possible. Accordingly, the system deletes only the unused templates. If any of the notification templates were not deleted, a message is displayed to the user indicating that not all of the selected templates could be deleted and identifying the templates that could not be deleted. 
     The user can perform status management by clicking on “Status Management” function  33  ( FIG. 3 ). The user is then presented with an overview transition page as shown in  FIG. 7 . In this overview transition page, the user can create notification actions for transitions. The user has the option to either create a notification action based on a template or without use of a template by selecting “Yes” or “No” from dropdown menu  70  and clicking OK button  72 . If the user selects NO, the notification templates are not used and the user is prompted to enter the required information. If the user selects YES, the user is presented with a Create Status Transition Action page as shown in  FIG. 8 . The list of notification templates are displayed in, for example, a dropdown list  80  allowing the user to, select a particular template from the dropdown list. According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, only those notification templates for which the user has at least read authorization are displayed in list  80 . Once the user selects a particular template, the values for subject  82 , priority  84  and note  86  are populated from the notification template. The user can then save the action by clicking “Save” button  88 . According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a dropdown menu entitled “Comment”  81  allows the user to add comments to the notification. ‘Comment’ dropdown menu  81  has 2 options, YES and NO. If “No” is selected, no comments are added. If “YES” is selected, when this status transition happens, a screen will appear on the user&#39;s computer system allowing the user to enter their comments in a Comment field  90  as shown in  FIG. 9 . This allows a user to adjust the related notification by adding information in the Comment field  90  as desired. According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the present system is capable of logging comments added by users during status transitions. The system reads the text entered by the user in the Comment field  90 . The system then logs the text under a “Comment” field of a status log. The comment entered by the user then appears in the ‘comment’ field of the status log. From this screen, the user can also check boxes  92  to select who receives the notification and can add recipients by entering them into “Recipient” field  94 . Clicking the “send” button  96  will then send the notification to the designated recipients. The notification action is thus set so that whenever a status transition occurs, notifications are sent based on the set template. 
     A status profile can have multiple statuses. A status transition is a transition from one of these statuses to another. Accordingly, a status transition has one initial status and one target status. By going into a status of a status profile, the user is presented with a Create Action page as shown in  FIG. 10 . This page allows the user to select from three different types of actions. Selecting the “Deadline” action  200 , as soon as the deadline specified has passed, the system sends the notification. If the relevant status has changed before the deadline, the notification will not be sent. The notification text can be generated manually by the user or by the system using the selected notification template. Selecting the “processing time” action  201 , as soon as the specified processing time has elapsed, the system sends out a notification. If the status has already changed before the processing time is over, the system does not send a notification. The notification text can be generated manually by the user or by the system using the selected notification template. Selecting the “Notification” action  202 , as soon as the status is achieved, a notification is sent to all persons having roles assigned to the status. Once the user selects an action button ( 201 - 202 ), the user is presented with a page similar to that shown in  FIG. 8 , allowing the user to select a template from which the notification action is to be sent. The system populates the values for subject, priority and note using the chosen template. The user can then save the notification action. 
     As noted above, the user can use the templates to create manual notifications. From a page such as that shown in  FIG. 11 , the user can set manual notifications. The user clicks the ‘Create with Template’ button  210 . The user is then presented with a Create Notification page as shown in  FIG. 12 . The user selects a notification template from the dropdown menu  220  by selecting and clicking on a template name. The priority field  222 , subject field  224  and note field  226  are then automatically populated with data from the selected template. According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the user has an option to modify the subject field  224  only. In addition, the user has the option to add more comments in the comment field  228 . The user selects recipients by checking boxes  225  and/or by adding the desired recipients in field  221 . The user then sends the notification to those recipients by clicking on the ‘Send’ button  223 . 
     As described above, users can be assigned authorization levels for notification templates so as to control the creation, deletion, modification or access to the templates. A user logs into the system and navigates to the overview screen and enters the desired data for the template. The user then navigates to the “Authorizations” section for the template. The user then selects user(s), user-group(s) or role(s) that need to be assigned authorization for the selected template. The user adds the selected entry and then selects an authorization for the entry. The authorization can be, for example, administrative or write or read. Only the selected user(s)/user-group(s)/role(s) then have necessary authorizations (administration, write or read) for that notification template. 
     The following is a more detailed description of how users can be granted various types of authorizations levels for the notification templates. For example, only a user having a “creator” role can create a notification template. In addition, only a user having a “deletor” role can delete a notification template. Examples of various user roles and authorizations are shown in  FIG. 13 . As shown, roles and authorizations can be assigned for status profiles  130  and notification templates  132 . A user having administration authorization for a notification template can add or delete user roles for users of that template. The user who creates a notification template automatically gets “administration” authorization for that template giving them complete control of the notification template. 
     Authorization can be assigned for each notification template using an Authorization page as shown, for example, in  FIG. 14 . The name of the notification template being modified  140  is displayed to the user. Clicking on authorizations “Add” button  141  presents the user with a selection screen as shown in  FIG. 15 . This allows a user to select the required authorization type for the notification template. An authorization type can be a user  150 , user group  152  or role  154 . Selecting one of the authorization types will display a corresponding selection screen allowing the user to assign the required authorization to the selected authorization type. Clicking on “User”  150  allows the user to select one or more users and assign them the required authorizations. Clicking on “User Group”  152  allows the user to select one or more user groups which can consist of several users and/or user groups. All users in a user group are given the same authorizations. User groups can have different authorizations. Clicking on “Role”  154  allows the user to select one or more roles and to assign the required authorizations to those roles. Each user to which the selected role has been assigned then has the corresponding authorization. 
     Clicking on user  150 , displays a screen as shown in  FIG. 16 . The user can enter at least one character into the “User or User Group” field  160 , “Last Name” field  165 , “First Name” field  166  or “E-mail” field  167 , and then click the Search button  162 . Checking Add Search Result box  164 , will add all the found users directly to the user list for the notification template. If box  164  is not checked, the list of users will be displayed and the user can select one or more users from the list by double clicking on their names. In the example shown in  FIG. 17 , one user  170  has been added. Clicking on that users name presents a screen as shown in  FIG. 18 . Checking the appropriate button ( 180 ,  182 ,  184 ) will assign administration, write or read privileges for that user to the notification template.  FIG. 19  is similar to  FIG. 14 , but now includes a new user. The authorization fields  190  are displayed allowing the operator to view the authorization levels for each user. These authorization levels can be modified by checking box  192  and clicking on one of the authorization fields  190  and clicking the Add button  194  or Delete button  196 . 
     The use of notification templates can be restricted so that the templates can be used only in certain cases. For example, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a notification template can be restricted to one of these three: statuses, status transitions and manual notifications. After the user logins into the system and has navigated to the notification templates overview screen and selected a template, the user navigates to a “Restrict Use” section for the template. The user then selects an option from the following options: status, status transition and manual notification. The user then saves the setting by clicking on a “Save” button. The notification template is then usable for only the selected option. 
     The present system can be implemented in digital electronic circuitry, or in computer hardware, firmware, software, or in combinations of them. The system can be implemented as a computer program product, i.e., a computer program tangibly embodied in an information carrier, e.g., in a machine-readable storage device or in a propagated signal, for execution by, or to control the operation of, data processing apparatus, e.g., a programmable processor, a computer, or multiple computers. A computer program can be written in any form of programming language, including compiled or interpreted languages, and it can be deployed in any form, including as a stand-alone program or as a module, component, subroutine, or other unit suitable for use in a computing environment. A computer program can be deployed to be executed on one computer or on multiple computers at one site or distributed across multiple sites and interconnected by a communication network. 
     Method steps associated with the present system can be performed by one or more programmable processors executing a computer program to perform functions of the invention by operating on input data and generating output. Method steps can also be performed by, and apparatus of the disclosure can be implemented as, special purpose logic circuitry, e.g., an FPGA (field programmable gate array) or an ASIC (application-specific integrated circuit). 
     Processors suitable for the execution of a computer program include, by way of example, both general and special purpose microprocessors, and any one or more processors of any kind of digital computer. Generally, a processor will receive instructions and data from a read-only memory or a random access memory or both. The elements of a computer are a processor for executing instructions and one or more memory devices for storing instructions and data. Generally, a computer will also include, or be operatively coupled to receive data from or transfer data to, or both, one or more mass storage devices for storing data, e.g., magnetic, magneto-optical disks, or optical disks. Information carriers suitable for embodying computer program instructions and data include all forms of non-volatile memory, including by way of example, semiconductor memory devices, e.g., EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory), EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory), and flash memory devices; magnetic disks, e.g., internal hard disks or removable disks; magneto-optical disks; CD-ROMs (Compact Disc Read-only Memory) and DVD-ROMs (Digital Versatile Disc Read-only Memory). The processor and the memory can be supplemented by, or incorporated in special purpose logic circuitry. 
     To provide for interaction with a user, the present disclosure can be implemented on a computer having a display device, e.g., a CRT (cathode ray tube) or LCD (liquid crystal display) monitor, for displaying information to the user and a keyboard and a pointing device, e.g., a mouse or a trackball, by which the user can provide input to the computer. Other kinds of devices can be used to provide for interaction with a user as well; for example, feedback provided to the user can be any form of sensory feedback, e.g., visual feedback, auditory feedback, or tactile feedback; and input from the user can be received in any form, including acoustic, speech, or tactile input. 
     The present system can be implemented in a computing system that includes a back-end component, e.g., as a data server, or that includes a middle-ware component, e.g., an application server, or that includes a front-end component, e.g., a client computer having a graphical interface or a Web browser through which a user can interact with an implementation of the present disclosure, or any combination of such back-end, middleware, or front-end components. The components of the computing system can be interconnected by any form or medium of digital data communication, e.g., a communication network. Examples of communication networks include a local area network (“LAN”) and a wide area network (“WAN”), e.g., the Internet. 
     The computing system can include clients and servers. A client and server are generally remote from each other and typically interact through a communication network. The relationship of client and server arises by virtue of computer programs running on respective computers and having a client-server relationship to each other. 
     The present system has been described in terms of particular embodiments. Other embodiments are within the scope of the following claims. For example, although the present system has been described as a component in a larger system, it can also be implemented in other systems or as a stand-alone system. 
     Numerous additional modifications and variations of the present disclosure are possible in view of the above-teachings. It is therefore to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims, the present disclosure may be practiced other than as specifically described herein. For example, elements and/or features of different illustrative embodiments may be combined with each other and/or substituted for each other within the scope of this disclosure and appended claims.