Abstract:
A reverse vending machine is provided that includes an interface cabinet having an inlet portal. At least one bin is provided for receiving the accepted recyclable container. A roller system identifies and sorts the recyclable containers. A crusher is driven by a motor with a mechanical coupling between the crusher and the motor. The crusher is adapted to receive various containers and is positioned intermediate between the roller system and the bin. A cart or frame displaceable relative to the interface cabinet, the crusher is mounted on the cart or the frame. A reverse vending machine in another embodiment includes an interface cabinet, the interface cabinet having an inlet portal for recyclable container input and a rejected container depository. At least one bin and a roller system are provided along with a wash system for cleaning components of the interface cabinet between the inlet portal and the bin.

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application claims priority benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/719,538 filed Oct. 29, 2012; the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference. 
     
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    Embodiments of the present invention generally relate to the recycling of containers and cans. More particularly, the present invention relates to machines, automated or otherwise, for returning and redeeming deposits from recyclable containers and cans with the ability to be cleaned easily or which implement a self-cleaning method. 
       BACKGROUND 
       [0003]    Since the 1970&#39;s it was recognized that purely disposing of household and industrial garbage was inefficient, a waste of space, and harmful to the environment. The methods employed largely relied on the use of landfills and incinerators. Landfills were quickly filling, and vast spreads of land were quickly becoming occupied or protected. Similarly, incinerator emissions were being heavily regulated to reduce the release of materials that were toxic to either humans, the environment or all of the above. 
         [0004]    It was quickly recognized that a major contributor to the volume of garbage were storage containers for foods and beverages. Typically these containers are made from aluminum, plastics, paper or glasses which are all recyclable. Although many volunteer efforts were established for recycling the bulk of recyclables still remained to be discarded into the normal trash pathways, ending up in the landfills and incinerators. 
         [0005]    In an effort to promote recycling, many states have enacted legislation which requires that beverage containers carry a redemption deposit as a technique for encouraging recycling of such redeemable and recyclable containers. When the customer purchases a product in such a container, a container deposit, typically one to five cents, is added to the purchase price. After consumption of the product, the consumer can obtain a refund of the deposit by returning the empty container, often to the retailer, for recycling. The amount of the deposit may be adjusted to create an incentive for returning the container that is greater than the inconvenience in doing so. In these states, retailers generally collect the used containers and sell them to distributors or others who pay the retailer for the scrap value of the containers plus an amount to cover the retailer&#39;s handling costs. 
         [0006]    In the past, segregation of returned containers has been labor intensive, so that the labor to perform the sorting can sometimes cost more than the increase in resale value of the segregated material. Retail outlets, which often must act as redemption centers, have had to utilize personnel to sort and count returned containers so that such containers could be returned to the proper distributor for redemption. This arrangement has required devotion of an inordinate amount of personnel time, and an inordinate proportion of the available floor space spawning the development of small and automated reverse vending machines for receiving, sorting, and in some cases, crushing the returned recyclables, while providing some form of a monetary deposit refund, or a coupon for redemption to the customer redeeming the deposit on the recyclables. 
         [0007]    While many reverse vending machines have been developed, none have provided a solution for dealing with the smell and non-recyclable waste that accompanies these machines at their retail locations. Few customers rinse the recyclables prior to returning them to the retail location for redemption, thus when an automated machine is used the process of sorting the bottles or crushing the cans and/or plastics causes the remnants, often sugary, to spill from their container into the internal components of the reverse vending machine, into the deposited recyclable storage container, and often the remnants spill out to the retail floor surrounding the machines. These spilled remnants not only cause bug problems, sanitary problems and smell problems, but they also present liability problems in the form of slip and fall injuries. 
         [0008]    To remedy these issues, many stores have to dedicate personnel to keep close watch and frequently clean these areas to help reduce liability, reduce bug infestation and improve sanitation and smell. However, because a good amount of the spilled remnants are retained in the machine, the problems often persist until the machines finally break from corrosion or obstruction of the remnants. Some machines have been employed which provide access panels which allow for cleaning the internal components, however it is difficult, and often futile, for the cleaning employee to reach around motors, gears and electrical wires and components. These methods not only do nothing to reduce the amount of personnel time required to monitor the recycling areas in retail stores, but they actually increase the chance for an employee to get hurt by having to reach around these electrical and mechanical parts. 
         [0009]    There thus remains an unmet need for a reverse vending machine that may be thoroughly cleaned, thus reducing the unsavory smells and unsanitary conditions that often accompany a container recycling area in a retail store while reducing employee time. There also remains an unmet need for a reverse vending machine which automatically cleans itself, thus removing the need, altogether, of using up a retail stores employees. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0010]    A reverse vending machine is provided that includes an interface cabinet having an inlet portal for recyclable container input and a rejected container depository. At least one bin is provided for receiving the accepted recyclable container. A roller system identifies and sorts the recyclable containers. A crusher is driven by a motor, a mechanical coupling is between the crusher and the motor. The crusher is adapted to receive a plastic bottle container, an aluminum can container, or a combination thereof, and positioned intermediate between the roller system and the at least one bin. A cart or frame displaceable relative to the interface cabinet, the crusher is mounted on the cart or the frame. 
         [0011]    A reverse vending machine in another embodiment includes at least one interface cabinet, the interface cabinet having an inlet portal for recyclable container input and a rejected container depository. At least one bin is provided for receiving the accepted recyclable container. A roller system identifies and sorts the recyclable containers. A wash system is provided for cleaning components of the interface cabinet between the inlet portal and the at least one bin. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0012]    It should also be understood that the following figures are merely illustrative and may not be drawn to scale. 
           [0013]      FIG. 1A  is a front view of an inventive embodiment of a reverse vending machine; 
           [0014]      FIG. 1B  is an additional front view of the reverse vending machine of  FIG. 1A  showing the separation of a glass cabinet from an interface cabinet allowing full access to each for ease of cleaning; 
           [0015]      FIG. 2  provides an internal front view of the reverse vending machine of  FIG. 1A ; 
           [0016]      FIG. 3  is an open side view of the reverse vending machine of  FIG. 1A ; 
           [0017]      FIG. 4A  is an open side view of another embodiment of an inventive reverse vending machine with a crusher that is cart mounted; 
           [0018]      FIG. 4B  is an open side view of another embodiment of an inventive reverse vending machine with a crusher that is glide mounted; 
           [0019]      FIG. 5  is a front view of a third embodiment of an inventive reverse vending machine illustrated as three separate inventive machines each for handling a different recyclable material; and 
           [0020]      FIG. 6  is a cutaway view of a fourth embodiment of reverse vending machine. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0021]    The following detailed description is merely exemplary in nature and is not intended to limit the invention or the application and uses of the invention. Furthermore, there is no intention to be bound by any expressed or implied theory presented in the preceding technical field, background, or the following detailed description. 
         [0022]    An inventive reverse vending machine has conventional structures and logic for separating, counting and crushing beverage containers while also providing for access to the crusher system components for thorough cleaning of the internal components and chassis. As a result the present invention promotes the elimination of odor, bacteria, bug infestation and preventing corrosion of internal parts. 
         [0023]    As shown with respect to  FIGS. 1A ,  1 B,  2 , and  3 , an inventive reverse vending machine is shown generally at  100  and has at least one interface cabinet  101  having a portal  103  for recyclable container input and a rejected container depository  108 . Conventional components in the interface cabinet  101  are known to art as shown for example in U.S. Pat. No. 4,653,627; and US 2003/0010598. At least one bin is provided for receiving the accepted recyclable container, and as shown, a glass bin  109 , a plastics bin  110  and a bin for aluminum are present. 
         [0024]    A reverse vending machine  110  in some embodiments includes a graphical user interface (GUI) or simple display  105 . The GUI or simple display  105  indicates to the user information illustratively including that related to the refunding of deposits for the recyclable materials including, but not limited to, instructions for operating the machine and/or redeeming credits, tallying the amount and/or types of recyclable containers counted, tallying the amount of refund due, providing an option to donate the deposit owed, or other information that may be useful or desired to inform the user. The reverse vending machine  100  in some embodiments has an advertising display  104  used for advertising selected by a machine owner, a retail store, or otherwise. It is appreciated that the GUI or simple display  105  is readily used in a machine  100  alone, or in combination with the advertising display  104 . In still other embodiments of the inventive reverse vending machine  100 , a receipt dispenser  106 , a smart card scanner  107 , or a combination thereof are present to facilitate provision of a credit based on the number or recyclable containers redeemed for deposit value. 
         [0025]    As best seen in  FIG. 2 , a reverse vending machine  100  has an interface cabinet  101  capable of accepting sorting and storing plastic bottles or aluminum cans or a combination thereof. In still other embodiments, a reverse vending machine has a removable cabinet  102  containing a glass storage bin  109  and a conveyance system shown generally at  214  for the movement of glass containers from the recyclable container input portal  103  to a glass container bin  109 . 
         [0026]    As best seen in  FIGS. 2 and 3 , a roller system for scanning and binning the input recycled containers. The roller system includes at least one motor driven roller  207 , at least one sensor to activate rollers  204 , at least one sensor reflector  203 , as are conventional to the art. A scanner  301  reads the bar code from a recyclable container bar code as the container is in contact with the roller  207  with scanner data used to assess acceptance or rejection of the container, and can be used for other purposes such as market research and gauging consumer behavior. While  FIG. 3  is a cross sectional view showing the can crusher  201  and bin  111 , a similar view exists for the plastic bottle side containing crusher  202  and bin  110 . The machine  100  is programmed to preselect a specific container, else the container in some embodiments is exhausted via rejection gate  206  to the rejection depository  108 . A counter  205  provides data as to the number of recycled containers input into the machine  100 . Count data is used for various purposes in machine  100 , illustratively including calculating deposit return value, notification of the need for bin emptying feeding, market research, and combinations thereof. The roller system components are under the control of electronics that are shown generally at  216 . An accepted aluminum can or plastic bottle is then fed by machine  100  to a respective can crusher  201  or plastic crusher  202 . A crusher  201  or  202  is powered by a crusher motor  208  by a mechanical coupling  209  to at least one of the crushers  201  or  202 . The mechanical coupling  209  is depicted as a gear and chain drive in the accompanying figures, although it is appreciated that various other forms of couplings  209  are operative herein including a direct drive shaft, belt assembly, rack and pinion, or transmission. The crushers  201  or  202  in operation become fouled with the liquid contents of can and bottle containers that have been accepted by the machine  100 . Container content often never dries and quickly leads to an unhygienic and inefficient operation. The present invention addresses this problem by providing machines  100 ,  400 , and  600  that are configured for ease of cleaning to prevent accumulation of container contents, especially on the crushers  201  or  202 . 
         [0027]    As shown in  FIGS. 4A and 4B , an inventive reverse vending machine is provided generally at  400  and  450 , respectively, where like numbered components have the same meaning as those aspects detailed with respect to  FIGS. 1A ,  1 B,  2 , and  3  for those same numerals; some aspects of machine  100  are not shown with respect to machine  400  for visual clarity. In machine  400 , at least crusher  201  or  202  is mounted to a cart  401  that is displaced from the cabinet  101  assembly cabinet for cleaning In other embodiments, the cart  401  has wheels  402  to facilitate movement relative to the cabinet  101 . In still other embodiments, a hydraulic cylinder urges the cart  401  into the cabinet  101 , out of the cabinet  101 , or a combination thereof. The cart  401  is readily formed for steel, aluminum, plastics, or fiberglass. In still other embodiments the mechanical coupling  209 , alone or in combination with the motor  208  are also mounted on the cart  401  to facilitate cleaning of these components as well. In some embodiments, the cart  401  is configured to be displaced without having to move bin  111 . In operation, cart  401  is displaced to allow for cleaning of cart mounted components of a crusher  201  or  202 , the mechanical coupling, motor, or a subset thereof, as well as to for cleaning of the roller system via portal  103  and the void created by displacement of the cart  401 . A catch basin placed under a displaced cart  401  facilitates washing of cart-mounted components, as well as service followed by replacement of cart  401  in the cabinet  101 . 
         [0028]    As shown in  FIG. 4B , roller glides  420  mounted to the cabinet  101  support a retractable frame  422  on which the crusher  201  or  202  is mounted. As shown in  FIG. 4B  that provide for pull out of the crusher  201  or  202  to facilitate cleaning and servicing. In some embodiments, a pivot  424  is provided that allows the angle of a crusher  201  or  202  to be changed relative to the frame  424  or cart  401 . A water bin having a basin is shown in  FIG. 4B  for context and is used with a hose to collect waste water from washing frame or cart mounted components. 
         [0029]      FIG. 5  depicts a row of inventive reverse vending machines with one each of plastic bottles, cans, each shown generally at  600 , where like numbered components have the same meaning as those aspects detailed with respect to  FIGS. 1A ,  1 B,  2 , and  3  for those same numerals. It should be appreciated that with the except of a glass container machine lacking a crusher system, the machine depicted for glass reception at  600 ′ is otherwise comparable to machines  600 . In the embodiments depicted in  FIGS. 5 and 6 , the container if being accepted drops onto a translator  608  such as a slide or a conveyer belt to deliver the container to a motor driven crusher  609 . It is appreciated that a swing translator having a side to side motion in a machine  600  allows such as machine  600  to sort various containers and delivery them to a preselected crusher in the case of plastic bottle or metal can, or in the case of a glass container to a bin without crushing. A glass container passing into a collection bin nonetheless benefits from the cleaning that is performed by a self-cleaning system as detailed herein with respect to machine  600 . A rejected container is returner to the user via rejection gate  206  to the rejection depository  108 . 
         [0030]    The machine  600  has at least one of a washing solution storage  601 , an anti-bacterial compound storage vessel  602 , an air freshener storage vessel  603  are in fluid communication with the crusher  609  to clean or deodorize the crusher. In other embodiments, all of the washing solution storage  601 , the anti-bacterial compound storage vessel  602 , the air freshener storage vessel  603  are present. It is appreciated that all such vessels discharge contents sequentially or in concert in an aqueous solution to self-clean the area around crusher  609  that is prone to being splashed by recycled container contents. A lipped drain pan  607  and a drain  608  are present to discharge cleaning solutions preferentially over filling a container collection bin  610  for either plastic bottles or aluminum cans. A lipped drain pan  607  channels liquid to the drain  608 , as opposed to allowing aqueous solution to spill into the bin  610 . It is appreciated that other configurations of spraying the internal area between the roller system and bin  610  are operative to selectively collect and drain the washing solution into the drain  608 . In other embodiments, a water heater is provided to generate hot water or steam to facilitate cleanings and effectiveness of active cleaning substances stored in any of the vessels  601 ,  602 , or  603 , as present. A vent  605  is present in some embodiments, alone or in combination with a fan  607  to facilitate drying of the crusher  609  and the surrounding area. 
         [0031]    Other embodiments may include all the above features in addition to, a self-cleaning system for the reverse vending machine including at least one washing solution a drain to remove the washing solution. The washing solution may be, but should not be limited to, any cleaning agent associated with cleaning remnants typically associated with recyclable containers including washing solutions such as water (hot or cold), soap, alcohol, powder, bleach, chlorine or a combination thereof. Other embodiments featuring the self-cleaning contents may contain other elements such as an anti-bacterial solution alone or in combination with the washing solution, an air freshening solution, a water heater, a vent, a fan, a drain pan, or a drain pipe. An inventive reverse vending machine may contain all of the above contents for self-cleaning, or may contain only a few of the elements. 
         [0032]    It should be appreciated that any embodiment of the reverse vending machine shall contain water proof components and wiring to prevent the spilled remnants from affecting the operation of the machine, and allowing for water or other solutions to be used for cleaning without causing excess wear or damage to the machine components. For instance, water proof motors should be used which are typically encased in a water resistant material a transferring excess heat to heat contents for cleaning the system, or a fin for removing heat through the heat transfer capabilities of the water resistant material. It is appreciated that metal components are readily provided with coatings which prevent corrosion or damage from water and/or spilled remnants from binding any gears thus affecting the operation of the machine or any of it components. 
         [0033]    The drawings and diagrams shown herein depict example arrangements of elements of the device and method. More or less than all the features available or contemplated may be present in an actual embodiment. 
         [0034]    The inventive machine  100 ,  400 , or  600  is used for sorting crushing and storing recyclable materials at a retail location. A user inserts a recyclable container into the recyclable container input portal. The container is then spun on the roller, scanned and sorted for the material type and to determine whether the container has a deposit credit or otherwise it is conveyed to the recyclable container input portal. Once the recyclable container is classified and accepted it is conveyed to, in the event of plastic or cans, the appropriate crusher whereby the appropriate crush motor is activated until the recyclable material is crushed, as indicated by a predetermined force or down position sensor of either the motor or crusher, then the crushed container is release to the repository container for the respective recyclable material. Where the recyclable container is glass, the glass container is conveyed to the appropriate glass container bin hopefully without breaking the glass recyclable container. 
         [0035]    Once full, or upon a routine maintenance and emptying of the reverse vending machine, the glass cabinet and interface cabinets are opened by a retail employee or other personnel responsible for the cleaning and/or maintenance of the machine or responsible for the recovery of the recyclable material. The maintenance person is able to separate the glass cart from the interface cart, and remove the removable carts from each assembly thereby exposing the internal components of the reverse vending machine to allow for ease of cleaning spills from the recyclable container remnants and providing maintenance to the machine. Upon completion of cleaning and/or maintenance the container repositories are removed and replaced with empty container repositories, the recyclable material is transferred to its respective recycling yard, and the machine is returned to service. 
         [0036]    Upon retail store employee demand, or a predetermined program, a washing solution is first sprayed throughout the internals of the reverse vending machine to aide in the removal of any spilled remnants from the sorting or crushing of the recyclable containers. A water heater is used to heat an incoming water source for rinsing away the washing solution containing the washed off spilled remnants. A drain pan and assists in collecting the water and washing solution and directing the water and washing solution to a drain pipe. A fan and vent is then used to assist in the drying of the internal components after the washing and rinsing cycles are complete. 
         [0037]    Other self-cleaning programs include the use of an anti-bacterial solution and/or an air freshening solution to be used in conjunction with or in succession of the washing and rinsing to remove any odor or odor causing bacteria internal to the machine. Where an anti-bacterial solution or air freshener is used, the drain pan and drain pipe also assist for their removal. 
         [0038]    While at least one exemplary embodiment has been presented in the foregoing detailed description, it should be appreciated that a vast number of variations exist. It should also be appreciated that the exemplary embodiment or exemplary embodiments are only examples, and are not intended to limit the scope, applicability, or configuration of the described embodiments in any way. Rather, the foregoing detailed description will provide those skilled in the art with a convenient road map for implementing the exemplary embodiment or exemplary embodiments. It should be understood that various changes can be made in the function and arrangement of elements without departing from the scope as set forth in the appended claims and the legal equivalents thereof.