Abstract:
A shampoo coloring formulation for human hair having the following ingredients;
       (a) cationic dye;   (b) sodium lauroyl sarcosinate;   (c) lauramidopropyl betaine;   (d) cocamido propylamine oxide;   (e) lauramide MEA and   (f) water.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     Not Applicable 
     STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT 
     Not Applicable 
     INCORPORATION-BY-REFERENCE OF MATERIAL SUBMITTED ON A COMPACT DISK 
     Not Applicable 
     REFERENCE TO A MICROFICHE APPENDIX 
     Not Applicable 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1) Field of the Invention 
     The present invention is concerned with the application of a dye to human hair using a one-part shampoo based formulation. 
     2) Description of Related Art 
     Certain hair dyes, namely Basic Blue 99, Basic Brown 16, Basic Brown 17, Basic Red 76, and Basic Yellow 57 have been available for use in cosmetic products since the 1970&#39;s. They were specifically designed to be used as hair colorants, and have been adapted for use in color refreshing shampoos and conditioners since their commercial availability. These products were intended to enhance previously colored hair by attaching themselves to anionic sites on the hair&#39;s surface. The dyes listed above have cationic charges on the dye molecule and are well suited for instant coloration in this fashion. They have only been used as refreshing products as the damage caused by oxidation haircoloring compositions increased the anionic sites to a degree where a small deposit of coloration can occur each time the hair is shampooed. This would then maintain a fresh colored appearance of the hair that had been treated with an oxidation haircolor. Any new re-growth of pigmented or gray hair would not be affected by the refreshing shampoo which required an additional retouch of oxidation haircolor every four to six weeks. The present invention is concerned with the coloring of gray hair that has not been subjected to a prior oxidation haircoloring process or to other chemical treatments that would increase the anionic sites on the hair&#39;s surface. It will deposit increasing amounts of color when used daily over a two to three week period. At that point the number of anionic sites are depleted and the degree of coloration will plateau. A particular advantage of the shampoo formulation of the invention is that there is no need for an additional treatment to help reduce the amount of visible gray hair. The shampoo can replace one&#39;s normal product that is used to clean head hair and will color gray hair. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention is directed to a shampoo based coloring composition comprising:
         (a) a cationic dye;   (b) sodium lauroyl sarcosinate;   (c) lauramidopropyl betaine;   (d) cocamido propylamine oxide;   (e) lauramide MEA; and   (f) water.       

     A preferred shampoo dye formulation will comprise:
         (a) from 0.5-2 wt % a cationic dye;   (b) from 5-15 wt % sodium lauroyl sarcosinate;   (c) from 5-15 wt % lauramidopropyl betaine;   (d) from 2.5-10 wt % cocamidopropylamine oxide;   (f) from 2.5-10 wt % lauramide MEA; and   (e) from 40-65 wt % water.       

     The above described compositions are described using the term “comprising” and “comprises” to point out compositions that are open to the inclusion of other ingredients that that may alter the characteristics of the formula without rendering them inoperative as shampoo dyes. The invention also includes the above listed ingredients in a composition which “consists essentially of” these ingredients where the composition excludes other active ingredients but may include stabilizer, fragrances, thickeners, chelating agents, opacifier&#39;s buffering agents and other adjuvants. 
     It is a primary object of the invention to provide a shampoo based formulation that will color gray or white hair without the need to use an oxidative dye. 
     It is also an object of the invention to provide a shampoo based formulation that will replace an ordinary shampoo but will be useful as a hair dye for gray and white hair. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a graph of the results of a comparative test of the formulation of Example 1 of the present invention with a formulation of U.S. Pat. No. 7,217,775B2 on gray hair. 
         FIG. 2  is a graph of the results of a comparative test of the formulation of Example 1 of the present invention with a formulation of U.S. Pat. No. 7,217,775B2 and U.S. 2007/0017039 on white hair. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     The compositions of the invention may be made by dispersing the ingredients in water followed by the application of sufficient heat to dissolve the ingredients without causing decomposition. In the alternative, a suspension may be prepared when one or more of the ingredients are not soluble at the concentrations employed. 
     All weight percents are based on the total weight of the composition 
     Example 1 illustrates a typical formulation according to the invention. Sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, lauramidopropyl betaine, cocamidopropylamine oxide and lauramide MEA (N-(2-hydroxyethyl) dodecanamide) are essential to the optimal performance of the invention. Any increase in any of these materials will show a decrease in color take on gray hair. A decrease in these items does not negatively impact the color results, but will decrease the shampoo&#39;s ability to produce cosmetically acceptable lather properties. Initial salon testing indicates the concentration of these materials may be lowered by about about 25% while adequate lather will be obtained. The fatty group of each particular surfactant type can be replaced by other similar sized molecules. However, the ones listed have been selected to optimize the lather properties in conjunction with dye take on gray hair. They are currently near the solubility limit of the vehicle and a further increase in concentration will not improve dye take. Lesser amounts can be used to produce other shades. 
     Suitable fragrances and/or humecants and/or conditioners may also be optionally added to the compositions of the invention as desired. Suitable humecants include di- or poly-hydroxy compounds such as glycerin or a liquid form of polyethylene glycol which may be used at a level of 20 to 70 wt %. If high levels of a humecant are used, the amount of water may be reduced. One or more thickeners may be added AT a level of 0.5-1.5 wt %. Typical thickeners include natural gums such as guar gum or a guar gum derivative or a cellulose derivative such as hydroxyethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose or the like. Stabilizers such as chelating agents derived from ethylene diamin tetraacetic acid and/or preservatives such methyl and/or propyl parabens may be added to the formulations of the invention at a level of 0.25-1 wt %. Opacifiers such as a talc, mica or mixtures thereof may be added at a level of 2-4 wt %. Conditioners such as quaternary ammonium compounds which are exemplified by quaternium 91 and the like may be added at a level of 0.5-4 wt %. 
     Example 1 
                                                   Ingredient   Function   Weight %                                D.I. Water   Solvent   56.170       Quaternized Hydroxypropyl Guar   Thickener/Conditioner   0.750       Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate (30%   Surfactant   10.000       active)       Lauramidopropyl Betaine (30%   Surfactant   10.000       active)       Cocamidopropylamine Oxide (30%   Surfactant   6.000       active)       Lauramide MEA   Surfactant   6.200       Hydroxyethylcellulose   Thickener   0.750       Disodium EDTA   Chelating Agent   0.100       Sodium Citrate   pH buffer   0.100       Caramel   Cosmetic colorant   2.000       Basic Blue 99   Hair dye   0.491       Basic Brown 17   Hair dye   0.207       Basic Brown 16   Hair dye   0.466       Basic Red 76   Hair dye   0.008       Basic Yellow 57   Hair dye   0.008       Mica/Titanium Dioxide   Opacifier   3.000       Propylene Glycol (56%), Diazolidinyl   Preservative   1.000       Urea (30%), Methylparaben (11%),       &amp; Propyl paraben (3%)       Fragrance   Fragrance   0.750       Quaternium 91 (40%), Cetrimonium   Conditioner   2.000       Methosulfate (27.5%), &amp;       Cetearyl Alcohol (32.5%)                    
Procedure:
         1) To the batch vessel, add the D.I. Water and disperse the Guar and Cellulose gums with a propeller mixer.   2) Begin heating the batch to 70-75° C. and add disodium EDTA and sodium citrate. Mix until dissolution is complete.   3) Add the surfactants and Quaternium 91 conditioning mixture with mixing. Mix until a uniform solution is apparent.   4) Add the dyes and mica/titanium dioxide material while maintaining the temperature. Mix for 30 minutes.   5) Cool the batch to 50-55° C. and add the caramel and the preservative composition.   6) Cool the batch to 40-45° C. and add the fragrance. Mix until uniform.
 
The shampoo of Example 1 was compared to two other shampoos that impart color to hair as described in published patents. In both instances the vehicles were made up exactly as disclosed in the patents, and the dyes were replaced with the Basic Dyes as used in Example 1. All three formulas were then dyed out on 90% gray hair and pure white hair as supplied from International Hair Importers. The dye out procedure simply involves 2 lathers of the shampoo with rinsing; followed by blow drying of the swatches. The procedure was repeated over a 10 day period, allowing for a typical build-up period of the color on hair. The color was measured at the 1, 5, and 10 application points using a Minolta 508d Spectrophotometer and the Hunter L,a,b scale. The change in total color (delta E) is the best method to demonstrate color take on swatches as compared to the original untreated hair. Delta E is calculated as follows: delta E=square root of (delta L 2 +delta a 2 +delta b 2 ). When the data is graphed, greater color take can be easily seen as higher points on the plot. A difference of 0.5-1.0 is visually detectable. In the case of the formulation of Example 1, the delta E&#39;s of 5 to 13 are substantially beyond either comparative patent example sited. The present invention illustrates a significant improvement in the results obtainable using the prior art formulations in this field. This improvement is surprising and unexpected because in the absence of the claimed surfactant package in a shampoo dye, different results are obtained.
       
     Comparative Example A 
     Example 7 
     Color Shampoo from U.S. Pat. No. 7,217,752 B2 
     
       
         
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Ingredient 
                 Weight % 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 D.I. Water 
                 67.140 
               
               
                   
                 Acrylates Crosspolymer (100%) 
                 3.000 
               
               
                   
                 Disodium EDTA 
                 0.050 
               
               
                   
                 Butylene Glycol 
                 5.000 
               
               
                   
                 Sodium Cocoamphoacetate (39%) 
                 14.230 
               
               
                   
                 Cocamidopropyl Betaine (30%) 
                 3.500 
               
               
                   
                 Polyquaternium-39 
                 0.800 
               
               
                   
                 Germaben II (propylene glycol, 
                 0.450 
               
               
                   
                 diazolidinyl urea, methylparaben, 
               
               
                   
                 and propylparaben) 
               
               
                   
                 Sodium Hydroxide (18%) 
                 0.250 
               
               
                   
                 Dimethicone copolyol 
                 0.200 
               
               
                   
                 Decyl Glucoside (50%) 
                 4.000 
               
               
                   
                 Mica/Titanium Dioxide 
                 0.200 
               
               
                   
                 Basic Blue 99 
                 0.491 
               
               
                   
                 Basic Brown 17 
                 0.207 
               
               
                   
                 Basic Brown 16 
                 0.466 
               
               
                   
                 Basic Red 76 
                 0.008 
               
               
                   
                 Basic Yellow 57 
                 0.008 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Comparative Example B 
     Example 3 
     Color Refresher Shampoo from U.S. 2007/0017039 A1 
                                                           Ingredient   Weight %                                        D.I. Water   77.720           Sodium Laureth Sulfate   10.000           PEG-3 Distearate   2.000           Cocoamidopropyl Betaine   4.000           PEG-200 Hydrogenated Glyceryl Palmate   1.000           SD 40 Alcohol   2.000           Sodium Chloride   1.000           Phenoxyethanol   0.500           Methylparaben   0.200           Propylparaben   0.100           Fragrance   0.300           Basic Blue 99   0.491           Basic Brown 17   0.207           Basic Brown 16   0.466           Basic Red 76   0.008           Basic Yellow 57   0.008                        
Change in total color from untreated swatches (delta E) for 90% Gray Hair ( FIG. 1 )
 
                                                                       10       Sample   1 Treatment   5 Treatments   Treatments                                Shampoo, Example 1 (A)   12.2   17.5   19.4       Comparative Example A,   3.0   4.0   4.5       U.S. Pat. No.       7,217,752 B2 (B)       Comparative Example B,   7.0   11.3   12.0       U.S.2007/0017039 A1 (C)                    
Change in total color from untreated swatches (delta E) for Pure White Hair ( FIG. 2 )
 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 10 
               
               
                 Sample 
                 1 Treatment 
                 5 Treatments 
                 Treatments 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Shampoo, Example 1 (A) 
                 19.0 
                 26.4 
                 29.1 
               
               
                 Comparative Example A 
                 5.9 
                 6.0 
                 8.2 
               
               
                 U.S. Pat. No. 
               
               
                 7,217,752 B2 (B) 
               
               
                 Comparative Example B, 
                 6.7 
                 15.4 
                 16.2 
               
               
                 U.S.2007/0017039 A1 (C)