Abstract:
A computer-based distributed private branch exchange (PBX). Preferred embodiments route calls and perform other functions of a PBX as well as performing services not commonly available on a PBX, such as Internet telephony. In one embodiment, the invention control and operations is distributed among several computers or Personal Computers (PCs) on a computer network.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS  
       [0001]    This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/344,508 filed Nov. 9, 2001. 
     
    
     
       BACKGROUND  
         [0002]    1. Field of the Invention  
           [0003]    This invention relates to a design of a private branch exchange (PBX) using a computer network to route calls.  
           [0004]    2. Description of Related Art  
           [0005]    Private branch exchanges are expensive hardware equipment that most companies with more then very few employees typically buy and use. The cost can be several tens of thousands of dollars for a PBX with few lines. See a common design of an office computer and PBX system in FIG. 1. In some instances, systems including dedicated PBX server hardware have been used.  
           [0006]    There are computer programs that enable long distance phone calls to be made over the Internet, at a very low or no cost apart from the cost of being connected to the Internet. Internet telephony standards are emerging. Equipment that connects a single phone line or multiple lines to a computer or a computer network is available and relatively inexpensive. The figures show Ethernet  10  interconnecting the Personal Computers (PCs), as Ethernet is very common network technology; but other types of networking are available. The Internet can be connected via a server  20  and firewall or can be directly connected to the network  10  interconnecting the PCs.  
           [0007]    A typical PBX  30 , along with associated hardware, performs at least the following functions:  
           [0008]    accept incoming calls and direct these calls to the intended recipient on an internal line;  
           [0009]    enable an internal line to connect to an outgoing line and make a call;  
           [0010]    enable an internal line to connect to another internal line and make a call;  
           [0011]    transfer outgoing calls or incoming calls from one internal line to another;  
           [0012]    add a line to existing call (conference calls);  
           [0013]    response with voice mail system when a line is busy or do not answers;  
           [0014]    allow calls to be held temporary without being connected, and later to be connected to a line upon request or when a line becomes available;  
           [0015]    service held calls with audio broadcast or announcements;  
           [0016]    record calls, and  
           [0017]    speed dial functions.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0018]    A computer-based distributed private branch exchange (PBX). Preferred embodiments route calls and perform other functions of a PBX as well as performing services not commonly available on a PBX, such as Internet telephony. In one embodiment, the invention control and operations is distributed among several computers or Personal Computers (PCs) on a computer network. 
       
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWING(S)  
       [0019]    [0019]FIG. 1 illustrates the relationship between conventional PBX and a computer network.  
         [0020]    [0020]FIG. 2 illustrates an embodiment of the present invention where external phone lines are connected directly to one or more networked computers.  
         [0021]    [0021]FIG. 3 illustrates an embodiment of the present invention where one or more phone lines are connected to a network. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
       [0022]    Preferred embodiments of the present invention perform each of the above-described functions, and more, by a virtual system on a computer network, a “Computer Based PBX” or “Distributed PBX.” Referring to FIG. 2, there are three external phone lines  40  connected to three PCs  50  via internal or external modems. There are total of six PCs  50 ,  52  and one network applications/internet server  20  (as opposed to dedicated PBX server) shown. This configuration can service a small office with six employees. In general, N incoming phone lines can service M people with X number of PCs; where M does not have to equal N.  
         [0023]    In a preferred embodiment, when an incoming call is arriving on one of the external phone lines  40 , a system of the present invention detects the ring and answers with a request to the caller to dial the number of the internal line. The caller can also be prompt to say the extension number or the name of the person he is calling. More then six persons can use the PCs  50 ,  52  in FIG. 2 at different times, and each user can set a different active extension number to each computer when he uses it. The PC receiving the call will route this call to the correct person. The PC this person is using will ring and display a window that allow the person to accept the call, transfer it to a different person or transfer it to the answering service. When answering, the person can elect to use an audio interface means, e.g., the standard microphone and speakers attached to the PC (not shown), a special-made handset or headset  60  that is attached to a port on the PC, or a traditional telephone instrument adapted for interface to the PC. Unanswered incoming calls or calls that are intended to a person that do not have active PC at the time the call arrives can be directed to the answering service.  
         [0024]    Outgoing calls can be originated from any PC, using any available external phone line. Internal calls within the group of PCs can originate from any PC.  
         [0025]    After the call is connected, the person answering or making it can add another person to the call by requesting a connection on the window servicing the phone system. He can transfer the call to another person, to the voice mail system, put the call on hold, or terminate the call. A call can be recorded by a request or automatically. Saved messages can be played to the call.  
         [0026]    In some embodiments of the present invention, control of the invention is distributed among the computers—e.g., PCs  50 ,  52 , the network applications/internet server  20 , etc. The user interface is also on the PC&#39;s screen. From a window on his PC, a person can control his use of the invention.  
         [0027]    In other embodiments of the invention, the external phone lines can be connected directly to the network, using a special network modems  70 . This configuration is shown in FIG. 3. However, in preferred embodiments, routing of calls is done from the PCs  50  as in the description of FIG. 2.  
         [0028]    In some embodiments, the PCs need not be all in one location. Several locations are possible with private network interconnecting these locations or with the public Internet interconnection. A person working from home can have one or two PCs connected to the Internet and embodiments of the present invention will service him as if he was in the office. During travel, each time a laptop PC is connected to the Internet it can become part of the distributed system.  
         [0029]    Preferred embodiments of the present invention allow the answering service function to be performed from each PC for the person or persons using this PC. The feature of answering service is flexible in structure, and in some embodiments, the user can select the use of a PC or server. If a PC is a portable PC, e.g. a laptop, the PC can perform the answering service while connected to the network, and any other PC, or the server, can perform this service otherwise. Upon connecting to the network, the portable PC can collect from the server all saved messages and updated settings. Any PC on the network, or the server, can act as an automatic back up for saving messages to any other PC on the network.  
         [0030]    The window (or a part of a window) on each PC that operates the answering service can enable the change of setting of the answering service, save outgoing messages, and playback messages. Stored messages can be displayed with the caller ID if available, with the caller name if he was prompt to say his name, or with a transcription of the message.  
         [0031]    There are services of Internet telephony available today, where a person can initiate a call on the Internet and access the public telephone system from a line that is near his call destination, avoiding paying tolls. The present invention can use such services to generate outgoing calls and to accept incoming calls, over the Internet. A large company can have many local offices and outgoing calls can be routed to access the public telephone system at a beneficial location. Alternatively, if the quality of service on the Internet deteriorates, a caller can select to enter the public telephone system at his local area and pay the cost of making the call this way. In preferred embodiments, the present invention offers to the user options for long distance calls so he can choose what service he wants. The invention can check the current quality of service on the Internet and inform the user.  
         [0032]    Telephone lines that enter the site can be terminated at the standard telephone sets and be used directly if the network or some of the PCs are down. This telephone connection will be in parallel to the connection to the PC as in FIG. 2 or the connection to network modems as in FIG. 3.  
         [0033]    Due to the high network capacity, all calls that are not connecting to the public telephone system can have high audio quality (Hi-Fi). Video-telephone services can be enabled. Such services can have the full spectrum of connectivity of the phone connectivity and services on the PBX. Video-mail can be added to voice-mail, etc. There are some small differences for a video-telephone service, like the need of a camera connected to the PC and the need to split the display window in a conference call.  
         [0034]    If a distributed computer-based PBX is used in a call center, there can be more external phone lines then PCs. In such a case, the distributed PBX will manage the line of callers, service music, and announcements to the people waiting to be answered, and other common services of a call server.