Abstract:
The Present invention is a trough shaped solar concentrator with Fresnel strip reflectors disposed in a generally linear V shaped configuration. The present invention shows two unique geometrical supporting structures for the strip Fresnel reflectors. The concentrator is shown in several preferred embodiments as a concentrating solar energy collector with different types of solar energy receiving elements disposed at the focal area of the concentrator.

Description:
[0001]    This application is a Continuation-in-part of this inventor&#39;s prior filed application Ser. No. 13/337,206, filed Dec. 26, 2011. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    The present invention is in the field of solar concentrators. More particularly the present invention is shown in the configuration of a solar collector whose purpose is to concentrate solar energy and convert it into other useful forms of energy, although this is not intended to limit its use to that purpose. 
         [0003]    Prior art trough shaped solar concentrators having flat strip Fresnel reflectors have been shown with supporting structure for the linear Fresnel reflectors in the form of a flat sheet or panel. This flat panel support structure for the Fresnel reflectors is expensive and may be replaced with other structural designs that may be produced at less cost. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0004]    The present invention is a solar energy concentrator. More particularly it is shown in the preferred embodiment of a solar energy collector. As a solar energy collector it encompasses the solar energy concentrator of the present invention and a receiver element for receiving the concentrated solar energy and converting it to another form of energy. The present invention is comprised of a solar concentrator made of multiple flat linear reflective surfaces in the general shape of a linear trough that reflect and concentrate the solar energy at a linear area located at or above the trough aperture and parallel to the trough structure. More particularly the flat linear reflective surfaces collectively, effectively comprise a Fresnel reflector concentrating the solar energy along the width of line focal point of the Fresnel reflector. The Fresnel reflector of the present invention effectively forms steps along the generally V shaped trough structure of the present concentrator. In one preferred embodiment by putting a solar energy receiving element at the line focal area of the trough shaped Fresnel reflector a solar energy collector is created. To keep the cost of the structural support for the Fresnel reflectors low, two unique types of structural support for the Fresnel reflectors are shown as the subject of the present invention. These embodiments with other than flat panel supporting members for the Fresnel reflectors are the new and unique combination of the present invention. 
         [0005]    Further aspects of the invention incorporating other than flat panel structural support for the Fresnel reflectors will become apparent from consideration of the drawings and the ensuing description of preferred embodiments of the invention. A person skilled in the art will realize that other embodiments of the invention are possible and that the details of the invention can be modified in a number of respects, all without departing from the inventive concept. Thus, the following drawings and description are to be regarded as illustrative in nature and not restrictive. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0006]      FIG. 1  is a cross-sectional drawing showing the present invention with two unique types of support structure for the Fresnel reflectors. 
           [0007]      FIG. 2  is a view of the lattice support structure shown on the left side in  FIG. 1 . 
           [0008]      FIG. 3  is a cross-sectional drawing of the present invention showing an alternate solar energy receiving element. 
           [0009]      FIGS. 4   a, b  and  c  show alternate embodiments of the solar energy receiving element. 
           [0010]      FIG. 5  is a perspective view of the present invention showing the zig zag Fresnel reflector structure. 
           [0011]      FIG. 6  is a perspective view of the present invention showing the lattice support structure for the Fresnel reflectors. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0012]      FIG. 1  shows a cross-sectional view of the present invention a linear Fresnel trough concentrator, utilizing flat reflectors  1  and having said reflectors disposed upon an underlying V shape. In this illustration the invention is shown in one of its preferred embodiments as a solar collector with a receiving element  2  disposed at the focal area of the Fresnel concentrator. The receiving element in this particular drawing is a round tube  2  coated with a solar radiation absorptive coating designed to receive the concentrated solar energy, convert it to heat and transmit that heat to a fluid flowing inside the tube  2 . Said flowing fluid then transports the heat for useful application. To illustrate the operation of the concentrator, solar rays  3  are shown reflecting off reflectors  1  and concentrating on and being absorbed by receiver  2 . As with most trough concentrators, the present invention needs to track the apparent movement of the sun across the sky in at least one direction.  FIG. 1  shows the invention with two  4  and  5  of its unique structural configurations for supporting the Fresnel reflectors  1 . Indicator  4  shows the Fresnel reflectors supported by a structure in a zig zag configuration. In this configuration reflective mirrors or a reflective poly film may be mounted on an underlying zig zag structure or the reflectors  1  may be polished sections of a metal zig zag panel. Indicator  5  shows the cross-section of an underlying lattice support structure for the Fresnel reflectors  1 . It is here to be noted that the reflecting structure  6  working in conjunction with reflectors  7  are only on possible configuration and may be replaced with a single Fresnel reflecting step at the position of reflecting surface  7 . It is also to be noted that the angles shown in this illustration including the underlying V shape angle of 90 degrees are only illustrative and the invention may be built with other angles. 
         [0013]      FIG. 2  shows a side view of the lattice support structure  5  which is one embodiment of this invention. This lattice structure is created by vertical support members  8  which are interconnected with horizontal support members  9 . In addition or alternatively diagonal support members  10  may be connected with the horizontal support members  8 . Basically it is necessary to create a rigged support structure for the Fresnel reflectors. Because the Fresnel reflectors are themselves horizontal structures in the concentrator they may be mounted on the horizontal support members  9  or the horizontal support members  9  may incorporate the Fresnel reflectors, as in the situation where the horizontal support members  9  are made of a metal material that incorporates highly polished reflector surfaces that are the Fresnel reflectors. The vertical  8  and diagonal  10  support members maybe made from stock material with essentially a rectangular cross-section or they may be made from stock material with a U channel cross-section. The horizontal support members may be a flat structural material of sufficient gauge to resist deformation during wind loading upon which the Fresnel reflectors are mounted. Other structural shapes and various construction techniques may be employed to create the lattice support structure for the Fresnel reflectors and the previous descriptions are to be considered as illustrative and not limiting. It is to be noted that as a consequence of the optical design of this invention, using flat Fresnel reflectors disposed upon the flat sides of a V shape and the requirement that none of the Fresnel reflectors shade adjacent Fresnel reflectors disposed closer to the vertex, joining point, of the V shape, there will be spaces  11  between some adjacent Fresnel reflectors and their horizontal support members in such a lattice structure. 
         [0014]      FIG. 3  shows a cross-section of the present invention with a triangular tube  2  as the receiver and the lattice structure  5  supporting the Fresnel reflectors  1 . 
         [0015]      FIGS. 4   a, b  and  c  show cross-sectional drawings of three different possible triangular receiver configurations. The triangular receiver shape is particularly suited to be a receiver in the present invention. The triangular receiver tubes shown in  FIGS. 4   a, b  and  c  may have a solar radiation absorbing coating on their outer surfaces and a heat collecting fluid circulated thru them or they may have photovoltaic solar cells attached to their outer surfaces  12 . It is to be noted here that in the event solar cells are attached to the triangular receiver tubes a cooling fluid must be circulated thru them to cool the cells. The heat collected by said cooling fluid may then be used for other applications such as hot water, space heating, industrial process heat, absorption refrigeration and air conditioning, etc. 
         [0016]      FIG. 4   a  shows a receiver tube whose cross section is an equilateral triangle. 
         [0017]      FIG. 4   b  shows a receiver tube whose cross section is a right triangle. This right triangle receiver tube is especially suited to match the 90 degree angle of the underlying V trough Fresnel reflector structure of the embodiments shown in this document. However, it is again to be mentioned here that the present invention is not limited to the having an underlying V trough angle of 90 degrees and that, indeed, the present invention can be made with any underlying V angle. 
         [0018]      FIG. 4   c  shows a receiver tube whose cross section is an equilateral triangle and on whose sides  12  are mounted solar cells. Inside and concentric with the triangular tube is a round tube  13 . The round tube  13  is thermally bonded to the triangular tube by a heat transfer material  14  so that a cooling fluid can be circulated thru the round tube  13  to keep the solar cells from overheating. 
         [0019]      FIG. 5  is a perspective view showing the Fresnel reflectors  1  in the zig zag configuration  4  of the present invention, with a round receiver tube  2 . 
         [0020]      FIG. 6  is a perspective view showing the Fresnel reflectors  1  with the lattice support structure  5  of the present invention and a triangular receiver tube  2 . Indicator  11  shows the spaces that naturally occur between the reflectors and the horizontal and vertical support members of the lattice support structure.