Abstract:
The present invention relates to a system and a method for improving the use of energy in an electric motor by inducing currents generated from magnets and/or electromagnets that result in an increase of primary power and creating, directing and introducing a counter current obtained from primary coils of the motor into a resonant LC circuit which is introduced as a transient secondary process to increase the overall efficiency of the motor. Furthermore, the motor produces rotational torque without using alternating magnetic polarity, but rather magnetic compression that utilizes permanent magnets arranged in a dipolar manner around an axial plane and, in another embodiment, uses ferrous cores arranged in a dipolar manner around an axial plane or alternatively, electromagnetic dipoles arranged in a dipolar manner around an axial plane.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This is a continuation-in-part application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/975,652, filed on Dec. 22, 2010. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     Numerous attempts have been made to increase the efficiency of electric motors. Many of these attempts are set forth in patents and patent applications such as:
     U.S. Pat. No. 6,392,370, Bedini, Device and Method of a back EMF permanent electromagnetic motor;   U.S. Pat. No. 7,230,358, Smith, D C Resonance Motor;   US Patent Application 2009/0045690, Kerlin, D C Homopolar Motor/Generator.   

     SUMMARY 
     The present invention comprises a dipolar compression motor which includes primary coils that produce currents which are directed through an LC circuit in timed resonance to increase the efficiency of the motor. Such current is switched on and off through a secondary set of coils without the need to be stored. In another embodiment, an induced current from magnets which pass within close proximity to the primary coils is directed to a power source and introduced into a set of secondary coils. The motor creates rotational torque as a direct result of the magnets being repelled by both primary and secondary coils arranged in a dipolar axial manner. In yet another embodiment, ferrous cores are used which are repelled by both primary and secondary coils arranged in a dipolar axial manner. 
     Generally, motors of the present invention comprise a housing supporting a rotatable shaft and at least one nonferrous rotor disk mounted to the shaft for rotation therewith. At least two spaced apart permanent magnets, ferrous-cores or electromagnets are mounted through the rotor with like poles aligned parallel to the shaft. A cylindrical support member is concentrically positioned around the rotor to support ferrous-cored coils. At least two ferrous cored coils are spaced apart from each other and mounted to the cylindrical support member in juxtaposed relationship to the permanent magnets on the rotor during rotation of the shaft. A timing wheel is positioned on the shaft adjacent to the support member. Additionally, a Hall effect device is fixed in a position so as to be influenced by the timing wheel. 
     A control circuit is provided for controlling current to respective coils when activated by the Hall effect device. A circuit is also provided for receiving current from at least one of the coils during rotation of the rotor when at least one coil is not directing current to that coil. The current received is directed to the control circuit for application to at least one of said other coils. By directing current generated from the unactivated coils to the activated coils, substantial efficiencies are created which results in the less production of heat in the motors of the present invention. 
     In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a dipolar magnetic compression motor comprises a pair of permanent magnetic poles of opposite polarity which are separated by a pre-determined distance, which move within close proximity to a pair of intermittently activated electromagnetic poles aligned in opposite polarity separated by a pre-determined distance. These permanent and temporary magnetic dipoles and intermittently activated electromagnetic dipoles are aligned with the same polarity, so their fields repel each other when electromagnetic dipoles are activated. 
     As a magnetic or electromagnetic dipole on the rotor approaches an un-activated electromagnetic dipole on the stator, impedance drops in direct proportion to the square of the distance between the magnetic and the electromagnetic dipoles. Currents are induced from the interaction between said magnetic dipole and said un-activated electromagnetic dipole, of which are held within electromagnetic dipole for a time period determined by the time constant formed by a reactive LC circuit comprised of the electromagnetic dipole&#39;s inductance and a fixed capacitance. 
     When impedance reaches a minimum value, un-activated electromagnetic dipoles are activated at a time and for a duration pre-determined by a control circuit triggered with a Hall-effect device. Once activated, primary currents combine with currents held within reactive LC circuit, thus repelling magnetic dipoles. Impedance rises in direct proportion to the square of the distance between the magnetic and the electromagnetic dipoles and return to an un-activated value as the magnetic dipole exits. 
     In one embodiment of the invention, for example, current from the unactivated coils is used to increase the efficiency of the motor by directing and filtering it into a specifically calculated point of resonance. In this embodiment, the circuits direct and switch the current into and out of a secondary circuit. The capacitance in that circuit, when combined with the primary coils&#39; inductance, is selected for a specific time constant to provide maximum current for the introduction into the secondary circuit. The secondary circuit includes a) an isolated ground and b) a pulse switching-driver stage. In another embodiment, digital pulse conditioning is accomplished by the addition of c) pulse position control and d) pulse width control. Each of these stages are optimized to achieve the desired resonance of a tuned LC circuit. 
     As a consequence of directing and introducing the generated current into a secondary circuit, a lower amount of heat is generated in a motor employing the present invention. Optimum performance is governed by the selection of component values that achieve a resonant state between the capacitors and coils at a predetermined rpm having a desired torque. 
     The present invention achieves dipolar operation by positioning magnets, ferrous cores or electromagnets of the same polarity facing the respective stator (coils). Pulsed electromagnetic fields are arranged to compress the magnets&#39; north and south fields simultaneously, resulting in continuous rotation rather than the typical “push/pull” or alternating field arrangement of conventional bipolar motors. 
     Accordingly, with the same or less input power, the present invention utilizes dipolar axial compression together with the counter-electromotive force current (herein referred to as “CEMF”) to provide greater torque and efficiency. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a coil ‘core’ is made from laminated or solid electrical steel to increase the flux density of the magnetic field. Other ‘core’ types such as grain oriented steels and ferro-composites are contemplated for use to further increase overall efficiency. 
     Various advantages of the motors of the present invention include:
         A secondary circuit utilizes induced current spikes to provide time to use the current generated rather than produce heat. For example a 12 volt direct current input results in an induced counter emf voltage of about 200 volts, which is reduced to 12 volts under load while directed back into the motor.   A tertiary circuit whereby counter emf from said secondary circuit is introduced to the input source as a positive feedback, further reducing heat.   These motors of the present invention can be made of non-metallic component parts which can reduce weight and electrical shock hazard. In one preferred embodiment of the invention, ultra high molecular weight (UHMW) plastics are used for the stators and rotor parts.   Increased energy efficiency achieved by introducing CEMF as a secondary and tertiary heat reduction method.   Lower operating temperatures which extend bearing and coil life.       

    
    
     
       DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES 
         FIG. 1  is an exploded schematic view of the coil magnet interface of the stators and rotor of a basic dipolar compression motor of the present invention; 
         FIG. 2  is a basic dipolar compression schematic diagram of the motor depicted in  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 2   a  is a diagram of the coil magnet interface showing successive magnet positions within  FIGS. 1 and 2 ; 
         FIG. 3  is a schematic diagram of a control for the motor shown in  FIGS. 1 and 2  using a Darlington control circuit; 
         FIG. 4  is a schematic diagram of a Field Effect Transistor (FET) driver circuit dc motor of the present invention; 
         FIG. 5  is a schematic diagram of a regulating and pulse conditioning circuit used in conjunction with the control circuit shown in  FIG. 4 ; 
         FIG. 6  is an exploded view of a motor of the present invention using two rotors with a plurality of permanent magnets and three coils; 
         FIG. 7  is a block diagram of a preferred controller used in the motor shown in  FIG. 6 ; 
         FIG. 8  is an isometric view of the first rotor of the motor shown in  FIG. 6 ; 
         FIG. 9  in is an isometric view of the second rotor of the motor shown in  FIG. 6 ; 
         FIG. 10  is a depiction of the U-core coil in relationship to rotor magnet of the present invention; 
         FIG. 11  is a graphical presentation of the dynamometer performance tests of the dual rotor motor shown in  FIG. 6 ; 
         FIG. 12  is a graphical presentation of the dynamometer performance tests of a commercially available conventional dc motor; 
         FIG. 13  is a graphical comparison of the efficiency of the motor shown in  FIG. 6  and a commercially available motor represented in  FIG. 12 ; 
         FIG. 14  is a graphical comparison of the motor of the present invention using counter electromotive force in the upper graph and the same motor not using such counter electromotive force in the lower graph; 
         FIG. 15  is a schematic representation of another embodiment of the invention utilizing an ac input current with motor similar that of  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIGS. 15   a  and  15   b  are structural representations of the magnetic/rotor configurations of the embodiment depicted in  FIG. 15 ; 
         FIGS. 16 through 18  are isometric views of the dipolar compression motor shown in  FIG. 15  wherein  FIG. 16  is an exploded view of the assembly; 
         FIG. 19  is a diagrammatic view of the circuit board for the dipolar axial compression motor shown in  FIGS. 15 through 18 ; 
         FIG. 20  is a schematic circuit of the motor shown in  FIG. 19 ; 
         FIG. 21  is an exploded view of a motor utilizing a rotor with electromagnets in an embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 22  is an isometric view of a rotor with electromagnets utilized in an embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 23  is an isometric view of a ferrous-cored rotor utilized in another embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 24  is a drawing of a reed switch; and 
         FIG. 25  is a diagrammatic view of the circuit utilized in  FIG. 22  and 
         FIG. 26  is an isometric view of a ferrous-cored rotor using a single rotor element. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Referring to  FIGS. 1 and 2 , a simplified embodiment of dipolar de motor of the present invention is shown. A first stator plate  22  is affixed to one end of housing  23 . Housing  23  is preferably made from a plastic such as a PVC plastic. A second stator plate  24  is affixed to the opposite end of housing  23 , but facing first stator plate  22 . A first bearing  25  and a second bearing  26  are centrally positioned on first and second stator plates  22  and  24 , respectively, to provide support and a low friction surface for shaft  27 . First and second bearings  25  and  26  are aligned to be flush with the respective inner edges of first and second stator plates. In this embodiment, a rotor  31  is mounted on shaft  27  for rotation and spaced apart from first and second stator plates  22  and  24 . Rotor  31  is made from a nonferrous material, preferably UHMW plastic. Rotor  31  includes eight nickel-plated Neodymium cylinder magnets  30  are pressed into eight equi-spaced openings near the outer the circumference of rotor  31 . Magnets  30  are aligned with their magnetic polarities parallel to shaft  27 . Rotor  31  is affixed to shaft  27  by a rotor fixing ring (not shown). 
     In this embodiment, four coils  36  are used. Each coil is preferably fabricated from a pre-determined length of hard-drawn copper enameled #22 wire and tightly and evenly distributed around a nylon bobbin  38  utilizing an increased magnetic permeability from laminated iron cores  39  consisting of three hundred 1.500″ long by 0.0015″ diameter strands of welding wire. Laminated iron cores  39  are centrally and fixedly located within coils  36 . 
     Coils  36  are mounted substantially equidistant around the circumference of first stator plate  22  and second stator plate  24  both stator plates facing towards magnets  30  mounted through rotor  31  such that the magnetic poles are in direct alignment with magnetic poles coils  36 . Electrical connections to first and second coils  36  are made by way of coil pins passing through openings in the first and second stator plates  43 . 
     A first semiconductor Hall device  41   a  is mounted on the inner side of the stator and positioned to face rotor  31  to sense the position of each magnet as it passes within close proximity to Hall sensor  41   a  during rotation of rotor  31 . Supply voltage and signal output of first Hall sensor  41   a  are made by way of Hall cable  68   a  ( FIG. 2 ) passing through first stator plate  22 , then into first circuit board  49  and first socket connector  51 . 
     Additionally, referring to  FIG. 2 , a second equidistant arrangement of four coils  36  are mounted on second stator plate  26  facing magnets  30  on rotor  31 . This second set is also in direct alignment along a parallel plane with first stator plate and facing the magnets with an opposite set of magnetic poles. The second set of coils has electrical connections made in an identical to those in the first set of coils. A second identical semiconductor Hall device  41   b  is positioned to face rotor  31  for sensing the position of the magnets as they pass within close proximity to second Hall sensor  41   b  during rotation of rotor  31 . Second Hall device  41   b  likewise mounted on the second stator plate with a supply voltage and signal output of second Hall sensor is supplied by way of a Hall device cable  68   b  (see  FIG. 2 ) identical to the first Hall cable. 
     In a presently preferred embodiment of the foregoing motor, a Darlington controller was used in the operation of the motor employing CEMF. 
     Referring to  FIG. 1 , the motor in this configuration reached a peak rotational speed of 3399 RPM and consumed 29.74 Watts of power. Both primary and secondary circuits were active in this test using CEMF which was obtained from the primary resonant transient filter circuit C 1  and R 1  ( FIG. 3 ) and which is described in more detail below. In a comparison test using the Darlington Controller with and without using CEMF, a difference of 5.23 Watts was observed. (see  FIG. 14 .) Also observed was an increase of 459 RPM by utilizing CEMF. 
     A brief description of the Darlington circuit shown in connection with  FIG. 3  as used with the embodiment shown in  FIGS. 1 ,  2  and  2   a  follows. In this Figure, primary coils  36  are shown individually as coils L 1  through L 4  mounted on stator plate  22  within close proximity to rotor magnets  30 . The north poles of rotor magnets  30  come within close proximity to Hall device  41   a  during rotation and triggers pre-driver transistor  1 . Pre-driver transistor  1  turns on and triggers driver transistors Q 1  through Q 4 , which actuate coils L 1  through L 4  to pass current simultaneously through each. Current flow through the coils creates an electromagnetic field of the same polarity of magnets. Magnets  1 ,  3 ,  5  and  7  ( FIG. 2   a ) respond by repelling from coils L 1  through L 4  in a direction determined by their wiring polarities. 
     The cycle repeats when the north pole of the second rotor magnet comes in close proximity to hall device  41   a , and continues as each successive north pole of the rotor&#39;s magnet comes in close proximity to hall device  41   a.    
     During periods of time when Hall device  41   a  is not influenced by the north pole of any rotor&#39;s magnet, the electromagnetic field around each coil L 1  through L 4  collapses and produces a combined counter-electromagnetic force (CEMF) that is directed by rectifiers D 1  through D 4  into a transient filter composed of C 1  and R 1 . 
     The combined inductance of coils L 1  through L 4 , transient filter C 1  and R 1  create a LCR resonant circuit. Transient CEMF is directed into the secondary driver circuit providing power for Hall device  41   b , pre-driver transistor  2 , driver transistors Q 5  through Q 8  and coils L 5  through L 8 . In a complimentary and opposing manner, but not shown, secondary coils L 5  through L 8  are mounted within close proximity to every other rotor magnet, but in opposition to primary coils L 1  through L 4 . The south pole of the rotor magnet comes within close proximity to Hall device  41   b  and triggers pre-driver transistor  2 . Pre-driver transistor  2  turns on, triggering driver transistors Q 5  through Q 8 , which actuate coils L 5  through L 8 , and pass current simultaneously. Current flow through the coils creates an electromagnetic field of the same polarity as the magnets.  FIG. 2   a . Magnets  1 ,  3 ,  5  and  7  respond by repelling away from coils L 5  through L 8  in a direction determined by their wiring polarities. The cycle repeats when the south pole of the second rotor magnet comes into close proximity of hall device  41   b , and continues as each successive magnet&#39;s south pole comes within close proximity to hall device  41   b.    
     During periods of time when Hall device  41   b  is not influenced by any magnet&#39;s south pole, the electromagnetic field around coils L 5  through L 8  collapse and produce a combined counter-electromagnetic force (CEMF) that is directed by rectifiers D 5  through D 8  into a transient filter composed of C 2  and R 2 . The resultant CEMF from the secondary stage remains within the circuit, but was not reintroduced in this configuration. 
     Additionally, as each rotor magnet approaches each respective coil, currents are induced into each coil during driver ‘off times’ to provide increased voltage over and above the supply voltage. When each magnet has moved away from the center of each coil, the coil driver transistors become conductive at a time determined by the timing wheel to repel both north and south poles of rotor magnets and creating dipolar magnetic compression. 
     In another preferred embodiment of the invention, a dual rotor dipolar magnetic compression motor shown in exploded view  FIG. 6 . In this embodiment, first and second rotors  98  and  107 , respectively, are mounted on drive shaft  94  slightly apart from each other. Drive shaft  94  is mounted to end plates  81  and  88  by means of bearing mounts  128  and  130  secured to the respect end plate. As shown in  FIG. 6 , four equi-spaced, axially aligned nickel-plated Neodymium cylinder magnets  96  are positioned on each of the respective rotors substantially parallel to shaft  94 . Shaft spacer  364  is positioned on shaft between first bearing and first rotor  98 . The magnetic polarities of the first and second rotor magnets  96  are positioned to face same magnetic poles opposite from each other. Timing wheel  105  is positioned on shaft  94  between second rotor  107  and second bearing  130  and secured to shaft by way of two stainless steel set screws  109  placed one hundred eighty-degrees apart to rotate with the shaft  94 . 
     A first coil  113  was fabricated from a length of, e.g., #23 hard-drawn copper enameled wire tightly wound around a “U”-shaped laminated electrical steel core consisting of approximately thirty layers of 0.016″ thick, C 4  coated enameled sheets. (See,  FIG. 10 ). First coil  113  is mounted through slots  115  in first inner housing, parallel to shaft and first rotor magnets  96 . Likewise, two second “U”-shaped coils  117 , identical to the first “U”-shaped coil, except wound with a pre-determined length of, e.g., #20 hard-drawn copper enameled wire, are both mounted through slots  115  cut into second inner housing one hundred eighty-degrees apart and wired as a series circuit. 
     Both first and second inner housings are fixed together by center fixing ring  119 . Notches  121  cut into opposing sides of center fixing ring accommodate and hold one side of first “U”-shaped coil core and one side each of both second coil cores in position. Center fixing ring  119  is held into place by stainless steel screws through outer fixing ring holes  123  and into first inner housing  84 . 
     First support plate is pressed into outer side of first inner housing and fixed into place with four stainless steel machine screws through support plate fixing holes  129 , each located ninety-degrees apart and into four threaded holes around the outer circumference of first inner housing  84 . First bearing, of which supports one end of shaft, rotor shaft spacer and the timing wheel are fixed into centered hole of first support plate  128 . Likewise, a second bearing is fixed into second support plate  130 . Second support plate  88  is pressed into outer side of second inner housing and fixed into place on second support plate support plate fixing holes  148 , each located about ninety-degrees apart and into four threaded holes around the outer circumference of second inner housing  159 . First outer housing  132  is fixed into position by machine screws through holes  133 , into threaded fixing holes  122 . Likewise, second outer housing  90  is secured in position by stainless steel machine screws through holes  137  and into four threaded fixing holes  124 . The “U”-shaped coils are securely fixed into position by way of six core mounting brackets  149  held in place with twelve steel machine screws through core mounting bracket mounting holes  151  and into twelve threaded u-core fixing hole, of which six through center fixing ring  153 , two through first outer housing  155  and four through second outer housing  157 . 
     Printed circuit board controller  141  is fixed into position on the outer side of second support place by way of brass screws  87  through board mounting holes  145  and into board fixing holes  139  and positioning Hall device  143  to sense location of a position magnet  188  in timing wheel and wires  161  from coils to be attached. Second outer housing  135  is fixed into place over second inner housing by stainless steel machine screws through second outer housing fixing holes  136  drilled 90 degrees apart and into threaded second inner housing fixing holes  137 . Additionally, first outer housing is fixed into place over first inner housing by machine screws through first outer housing fixing holes  133  positioned ninety-degrees apart and into threaded first inner housing fixing holes  135 . End cap  139  is pressed into outer side of second outer housing and secured with stainless steel machine screws through end cap mounting holes  141  drilled ninety-degrees apart and into threaded second outer housing end cap mounting holes  146 . Input power to printed circuit board is made through power connector  165  and power wires  147 . 
     Circuit Description 
     Referring to  FIGS. 4 ,  5 ,  6 ,  7 ,  8 ,  9  and  10 , low voltage regulation is accomplished by connecting input power from a DC power source to regulator circuit  159  to provide 5 volts of regulated power to: Hall device  143 , primary pulse conditioner  160 , secondary pulse conditioner  161 , frequency to voltage converter  162 , primary control logic  163  and secondary control logic  164  circuits. Primary coils  117  are fixed in a parallel position with respect to second rotor magnets  107 ,  96 , whereby each magnet&#39;s north pole and south pole are simultaneously positioned within close proximity to each primary coil core leg&#39;s north 170 and south 171 pole, respectively ( FIG. 15 ). Likewise, secondary coil  113  is fixed into a parallel position to first rotor magnets  98 ,  96  with each magnet&#39;s north and south poles simultaneously positioned within close proximity to secondary coil core leg&#39;s north and south poles, respectively. 
     When input power is applied to regulator  159 , control and primary FET drive circuits via circuit board  141  and position actuator magnet  158  in timing wheel  105 , Hall device  143  is triggered to output a square wave signal as an input to: primary pulse conditioner  160 , secondary pulse conditioner  161 , frequency to voltage converter  162 , and primary control logic circuits  163 . The primary control logic circuit outputs a square wave of a fixed pulse width to primary FET drive circuit  165  to drive current through the primary coils. Current flow through the primary coils creates electromagnetic fields which are aligned to be the same polarity as the primary rotor magnets. As a result, primary rotor magnets respond by repelling away from electromagnetic fields generated by the coils&#39; core legs, thus rotating the rotor. 
     The resulting CEMF from primary coils are directed as input to secondary control logic circuit and outputted to secondary FET circuit  166 , driving current through secondary coil, creating an electromagnetic field which is aligned in such a manner as to be the same polarity as the second rotor magnets. As a result of this action, second rotor magnet one responds by repelling away from electromagnetic field created by secondary coil core, thus contributing to an increase in the torque on shaft. First rotor magnets are fixed approximately twenty-five degrees offset from second rotor magnets, but rotor offset may vary in other examples to maintain peak performance. 
     In the dipolar magnetic compression motors, this cycle repeats when position actuator magnet two&#39;s pole comes in close proximity to Hall device. Likewise, rotor rotation continues as each successive position actuator magnet&#39;s pole comes within close proximity to Hall device. When shaft rotation reaches a rate pre-determined by frequency to voltage converter circuit, a stable pulse width is inputted to primary control logic for maintaining shaft torque while drawing minimal current from the source, and continues to do so until input power is removed or shaft is loaded beyond available torque. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 15 through 20  a third embodiment of the motor of the present invention is shown. In this embodiment a first mounting plate  251  is affixed to one end of housing  253 . A second mounting plate  252 , identical to first mounting plate, is affixed to the opposing end of housing  253  in the same manner as first mounting plate, but facing the opposite direction. A first bearing  257  is mounted into the center of first mounting plate to provide support and a low friction surface for shaft  259  to rotate through. First bearing is pressed into a centered mounting hole  261  of first mounting plate for support and is secured into position by a thin layer of cyanoacrylate adhesive. Other mounting methods may also be used within the scope of this invention. Similarly, a second bearing  258 , identical to the first, is fixed into centered mounting hole of second mounting plate  252  in a manner identical to the first. First and second bearings are preferably flush with the inner edges of both first and second mounting plates. 
     Referring to  FIG. 16 , five first nickel-plated Neodymium cylinder magnets  263 , their magnetic polarities aligned parallel to shaft  259 , are pressed into five equally spaced holes around the circumference of rotor  267 . Additionally, five second nickel-plated Neodymium disc magnets  269 , their magnetic polarities aligned perpendicular to first magnets and shaft  259  are pressed into five second equally spaced openings around the circumference of rotor  267 . Shaft  259  passes through center of rotor  267 . Rotor  267  is centrally located on and secured to shaft by two identical fixing rings  273 , with each fixing ring located on opposite sides of rotor. Each end of the shaft passes through first and second bearings. Each one of five first laminated steel cores  289  are affixed into each of five recessed slots  297  in first mounting plate. Likewise, each of five second laminated steel cores  296  are secure in identical, but opposite handedness in second mounting plate  251 , in an identical manner as first laminated steel cores. 
     Both mounting plates and cores are oriented to face rotor. One each of five first coils with first and second cores are distributed and located in equidistant spaced mounting slots  297  in housing. Each first and second laminated steel cores are positioned in such a manner as to overlap one another within the center of each first coil when assembled. Additionally, each one of five second coils  302  are pressed into 1.045″ diameter holes equidistant and centered around the circumference of housing, perpendicular to and equally inter-spaced between each of five first coils. 
     Within each center of said five second coils are fitted a third laminated steel core  303 , of which are fixed into position by an ample amount of silicon adhesive to fill in the gap between core and hole. Circuit board  FIG. 19  is secured on the outer side of second mounting plate. A first reed switch  305  is accurately positioned across slot  311  to insure proper on-off timing of board. Likewise, second reed switch  309  is accurately positioned across slot  305  to ensure proper on-off timing of SCR 2  and soldered onto said circuit board. 
     Description of Dipolar Ac Motor Operation 
     Referring to  FIGS. 15 through 20 , dipolar motor operation begins by applying an alternating current across the anode terminal of SCR 1 , SCR 2 , first and second reed switches and common terminals of coils L 1 -L 10 . South pole of a first rotor magnet ( FIG. 15   b ) is positioned within close proximity to first reed switch  305 , of which becomes actuated by said first magnets south magnetic field. Output currents from first reed switch pass through first current limiting resistor R 2 , first polarization diode D 1  and into gate terminals of SCR 1 . Alternating currents flow from the source, into the anode terminal of SCR 1  and are output from its cathode terminal at a phase and of a duration determined by first reed switch&#39;s on-off time. 
     Five first coils L 1 -L 5  located in and around the circumference of housing  253  become energized as current flows from SCR 1  cathode terminal, through coil connecting wires  318 , through first coils and then return to the source, closing the circuit. Currents flowing through first coils create an electromagnetic field of a north polarity and south polarity from both ends of first coils. North polarity electromagnetic fields are coupled via north laminated cores  289  which are in close proximity to north poles of first rotor magnets, of which provide an opposing force against said first magnets north poles, thus repelling rotor along an x-axis. A first capacitor C 1  connected in series with first current limiting resistor R 1  provides transient storage. Said capacitor and said resistor values chosen to achieve spike elimination for stabilization of SCR 1 . Simultaneously, south polarity electromagnetic fields are coupled via south laminated cores  95  which are in close proximity to south poles of first rotor magnets, of which provide an opposing force against said first magnets south poles, thus repelling rotor along the same x-axis. 
     In another operation, south pole of a first rotor magnet  263  is positioned within close proximity to second reed switch  309 , of which becomes actuated by said first magnets south magnetic field at a twenty-six degree offset of said first magnet south position. Output currents from said second reed switch pass through second current limiting resistor R 4 , second polarization diode D 2  and into gate terminals of SCR 2 . Alternating currents flow from the source, into the anode terminal of SCR 2  and are output from its cathode terminal at a phase and of a duration determined by second reed switch&#39;s on-off time. 
     Five second coils L 6 -L 10  located in and around the circumference of housing  253  become energized as current flows from SCR 2  cathode terminal, through coil connecting wires  318 , through second coils and then return to the source, closing the circuit. Currents flowing through second coils create an electromagnetic field of a north polarity and south polarity from both ends of second coils. North polarity electromagnetic fields are not utilized in this example, but may be used in other examples. Counter-electromotive force generated from second coils collapsing fields are suppressed by shunt diode D 3 . South polarity electromagnetic fields are coupled via laminated cores  303  which are in close proximity to south poles of second rotor magnets, of which provide an opposing force against said second magnets south poles, thus repelling rotor along a y-axis. A second capacitor C 2  connected in series with second current limiting resistor R 3  provides transient storage. Said capacitor and resistor values chosen to achieve spike elimination for stabilization of SCR 2 . As each successive first magnet rotates into position to actuate first and second reed switches, this cross-axis dipolar method of creating rotational torque continues until source power is disrupted or loading beyond available torque stalls rotor. In this example, an alternating current input of 60 Hz at 115 Volts results in an unloaded shaft rotation of 720 RPM. 
                                                                                                                                                 TEST DATA       Test data for the dipolar ac motor of the present invention are shown below.                        pri   sec                                                       coil   coil   run   #               pri   pri   sec   sec       driver       input   temp   temp   time   coils   first   sec   cemf   current   voltage    current   voltage       circuit   Rpm   watts   F.   F.   M   sec   spacing   spacing   V   A   V   A   V                    diode   600   37   132   132   60   6   0.5   0.5   none   0.25   109   0.25   109       bridge                       series                                   scr   600   35   121       2   0   0.5   none   none   0.5   115               scr   600   33   120       2   0   0.375   none   none   0.51   115               scr   600   31   118       2   0   0.1875   none   none   0.48   115               scr   600   29   113       2   0   0.125   none   none   0.46   115               scr   600   72   142   142   30   6   0.25   0.25   none   0.5   125   0.5   125                               series                                   scr   600   50   150   150   60   6   0.25   0.25   none   0.425   123   0.425   123                               series                                   scr   600   80   150   150   60   6   0.25   0.25   none   0.5   120   0.5   120                               series                                   scr   600   80   150   150   60   6   0.25   0.25   124   0.5   120   0.5   120                               series           no                                                           load                    
Electromagnetic Rotor Dipoles:
 
     In another embodiment of the invention, a dipolar magnetic compression motor is shown in  FIG. 21 . In this embodiment, a support member comprising a first and second housing supports rotor assembly which  422  preferably centrally mounted on drive shaft  350 . Rotor assembly  422  comprises first and second disks  370  and  372 , respectively, but alternatively, the assembly can comprise a single disk. A drive shaft  350  is mounted to a first housing  352  and second housing  354  by means of a first bearing  356  and second bearing  358 . Four axially aligned equidistantly spaced electromagnetic dipoles  360 ,  361 ,  362 ,  363  are shown positioned within rotor assembly  422  and substantially parallel to shaft  350 . A shaft spacer  364  is positioned on shaft  350  between the first bearing and the rotor  422 . A timing wheel  365  is preferably positioned on drive shaft  350  between the second bearing  358  and the rotor  422 . The electromagnetic polarities of the rotor&#39;s electromagnetic dipoles are positioned to face outward and away from the drive shaft with same electromagnetic polarities parallel to each other ( FIG. 21 ). Two primary stator electromagnetic dipole coils  366  and  367  were each preferably fabricated from a single length of, e.g., #20 hard-drawn copper enameled wire tightly wound around a “U”-shaped laminated electrical steel core consisting of approximately thirty layers of 0.016″ thick, C 4  coated enameled sheets. ( FIG. 21 ), and two secondary stator electromagnetic dipole coils  368  and  369  were each preferably fabricated from a single length of, e.g., #21 hard-drawn copper enameled wire tightly wound around an identical “U”-shaped laminated electrical steel core. 
     As shown in  FIG. 22 , four identical electromagnetic dipole rotor coils  360 ,  361 ,  362 ,  363  are each preferably fabricated from a single length of, e.g., #26 hard-drawn copper enameled wire tightly wound around a cylindrical “I”-shaped laminated electrical steel core. Each of the four electromagnetic dipole rotor coils are respectively mounted into eight holes  380  located ninety degrees apart; four of these holes are through first disk  370  and the other four holes were through second disk  372 . Preferably, these holes are cut parallel to shaft  350  with said steel cores aligned so that their core faces point in a direction facing stator electromagnetic core leg tips. Said four steel cores are preferably spaced every ninety degrees. 
     Rotor electromagnetic coils  360 ,  361 ,  362  and  363 , rotor spacer  450 , and first plate and second plate are held together by two #4-40 machine screws and two nuts  451 . The first and second plates are mounted to the drive shaft by means of two #10×32×.375″ set screws, preferably offset 180 degrees apart in rotor spacer  450 . 
     The four electromagnetic dipole stator coils are mounted into slots  390  cut ninety degrees apart in a first housing  352  and a second  354  housing. Preferably these slots are provided perpendicular to drive shaft  350 , each ninety degrees apart from each other with the cores aligned so that their core leg tips point in the direction facing the rotor electromagnets core faces. Said first and second housings and contain bearings, timing wheel, rotor assembly, drive shaft, primary and secondary electromagnetic dipole stator coils which are fixed into position by eight #6×32 screws and eight #6×32 nuts  384 . A first printed circuit board  396  is fixed into a position on the outer side of second housing  354  by four #6×32 nylon screws  386  through board mounting holes  398  and into board fixing holes  400 . A Hall effect device  402  is located in such a manner as to sense the location of a position magnet  404  in timing wheel on drive shaft. First and second primary stator electromagnetic dipole coils  366  and  367  are fixed in a parallel, opposing position with respect to adjacent rotor electromagnetic dipole coils  360 ,  361  whereby each rotor electromagnetic north pole and south pole are simultaneously positioned to pass within close proximity to both first and second stator electromagnetic dipole&#39;s core leg&#39;s north and south pole, respectively. Likewise, third and forth secondary stator electromagnetic dipoles  368  and  369  are fixed into a parallel position to adjacent rotor electromagnetic dipoles  360  and  361  with said adjacent rotor electromagnetic dipole&#39;s north and south poles positioned to pass within close proximity to stator third and forth secondary electromagnetic dipoles  368 ,  369  ferrous core leg&#39;s north and south poles, respectively. 
     In another embodiment as shown in  FIG. 23 , four steel cylindrically-shaped cores  660  through  663  are respectively mounted into eight holes  380  cut ninety degrees apart, four of these holes into first disk  370  and the other four holes into second disk  372 . Preferably, these holes are cut parallel to shaft  350  with said cylindrically-shaped steel cores aligned so that their core faces point in a direction facing stator electromagnetic core leg tips ( FIG. 21 ). The four rotor cores are preferably spaced ninety degrees apart, but other offset angles are contemplated for use, and may utilize two rotor cores or be greater than four rotor cores. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 21 and 26 , another embodiment utilizing a completely steel rotor  522  is shown. A plurality (eight shown in  FIG. 6 ) of equally spaced cylinders  560  through  567 , project outward in opposite directions as shown in  FIG. 26 . These cylinders pass within close proximity to the stator&#39;s first and third primary electromagnetic dipoles  366  and  367  ferrous core legs north and south poles and the stator&#39;s third and forth secondary electromagnetic dipoles  368  and  369  ferrous core legs north and south poles, respectively. Steel rotor  522  is fixed to driveshaft  350  by way of shaft hole  575  and setscrew  580 . The rotor&#39;s mass is reduced by drilling holes  570  around its circumference. 
     Other ferrous core materials are contemplated for use, and are not limited to steel. Materials such as ferrite and ferro-composites may be substituted for steel, depending on each motor&#39;s specific requirements and fall within the scope of our invention. 
     Circuit Description: 
     As shown in circuit diagram  FIG. 25 , input current is applied to primary stator FET coil drive circuit  408  and stator regulator  410 . Stator regulator&#39;s output provides regulated 5 Volts DC power to Hall device  402 , stator controller IC  412  and stator FET driver IC  414  by way of first printed circuit board  396 . Position actuator magnet  404  in timing wheel  365  triggers first Hall device to output a square wave signal as an input to said stator controller IC which outputs a signal of a pre-determined width and a duration to stator primary FET driver IC  412  and input to primary stator FET coil drive circuit  408 , actuating both primary stator coils  366 ,  367 . Currents flowing through said primary stator coils create electromagnetic dipole fields, which induce currents into adjacent ferrous rotor cores ( FIG. 23 ) and or alternately in combination with coils  360 ,  362  ( FIG. 22 ). Said rotor cores constitute a combined medium which is both conductive and permeable as a single compound as well as multiple regions which optimize conductivity and permeability, retaining their magnetization for a period of time dependent on each type of ferrous material&#39;s hysteresis, whereby said rotor cores respond by repelling from said stator electromagnetic dipoles once stator magnetic field has collapsed. Optionally, induced currents into rotor coils are rectified and directed by said rotor diodes  414 ,  415  to supply currents to charge rotor capacitors  416 ,  417 . Once said rotor capacitors reach full charge, their currents become available for supplying said rotor coils by way of switching devices, such as reed switches ( FIG. 24 ) or electronically driven hall devices  451  through  454  ( FIG. 25 ). Primary stator electromagnetic dipoles are aligned to have the same polarities as rotor coils. When the rotor coils are activated by the switching device, the discharge of said rotor capacitors through said rotor coils induce currents into primary stator coils cores, thereby repelling rotor cores away from electromagnetic dipole fields generated by the stator coils&#39; core legs thus providing rotational torque to the rotor and drive shaft. Additionally, the resulting counter-electromotive currents (CEMF) from both primary stator electromagnetic coils are directed as input to secondary stator control and logic circuits  448 , then outputted to secondary stator FET circuit  424 , driving currents through third and forth secondary electromagnetic stator coils  368 ,  369 , creating electromagnetic dipole fields. Second-stage CEMF currents result from the collapsing secondary CEMF electromagnetic fields. Said second-stage CEMF currents are directed by way of second-stage CEMF diode  444 , into second-stage CEMF FET switch  430 , then into and out of second-stage CEMF isolation transformer  432 . The resulting high frequency pulses from the second-stage CEMF isolation transformer are then rectified by second-stage full wave bridge diode  434 , filtered by second-stage capacitor  435 , and returned to the source by way of blocking diode  440 . 
     The secondary stator electromagnetic dipole fields induce currents into adjacent ferrous rotor cores ( FIG. 23 ). These rotor cores constitute a combined medium, which is both conductive and permeable as a single compound as well as multiple regions, which optimize conductivity and permeability, retaining their magnetization for a period of time dependent on each type of ferrous material&#39;s hysteresis and respond by repelling from said stator electromagnetic dipoles. Optionally, said induced currents from rotor coils  361 ,  363  wound around ferrous rotor cores ( FIG. 22 ) are rectified and directed by said rotor diodes  436  and  437 , to supply currents to charge rotor capacitors  438  and  439 . Once said rotor capacitors reach full charge, their currents become available for supplying the rotor coils by way of a switching device, such as a reed switch ( FIG. 23 ) or electronically driven hall device ( 143 ). Secondary stator electromagnetic dipoles are aligned to have the same polarities as the rotor coils. When the rotor coils are activated by the switching device, the discharge of the rotor capacitors through the rotor coils inducing currents into the primary stator coils cores, thereby repelling away from electromagnetic dipole fields generated by the stator coils&#39; core legs. This repulsion provides additional rotational torque to the rotor and drive shaft. In the dipolar magnetic compression motors, this cycle repeats when position actuator magnet two&#39;s pole comes in close proximity to and triggers first Hall effect device. Likewise, rotor rotation continues as each successive position actuator magnet&#39;s pole comes within close proximity to and triggers first Hall device. When drive shaft rotation reaches a rate pre-determined by said stator controller IC, stable pulses are inputted to primary stator coil drive FET and secondary stator coil drive FET for maintaining drive shaft torque while drawing minimal current from the source, and continues to do so until input power is removed or drive shaft is loaded beyond available torque. 
     While presently preferred embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it may otherwise be embodied within the scope of the claims.