Abstract:
An impact buffer has a retaining part for fitting to a loading ramp, a stop part for a vehicle to be loaded at the loading ramp to strike, and a buffer part for cushioning the stop part against the retaining part. The stop part is supported on the retaining part with at least one pivot lever.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0001]    1. Field of the Invention 
         [0002]    The invention relates to an impact buffer for fitting to a loading ramp, having a retaining part for fitting to the loading ramp, having a stop part for a vehicle to be loaded at the loading ramp to strike, and having a buffer part for cushioning a movement by the stop part against the retaining part. 
         [0003]    2. Description of the Related Art 
         [0004]    When loading and unloading trucks at loading ramps and the like, the truck must drive up close to the loading ramp without damaging the latter. It is therefore known to fit loading ramps with impact buffers that the truck can strike. The impact buffers must cushion the impact of the truck such that the truck is not damaged. Since the number of loading events at such loading ramps is often very, very high, such impact buffers are subject to relatively high wear. 
         [0005]    U.S. Pat. No. 5,658,633 A discloses an impact buffer having two shells that are open on one side and whose interior is filled with resilient material. Two cross-members arranged above one another that may move in longitudinal holes across a limited segment prevent the stop part of the impact buffer that assumes the impact load from falling out of a retaining part of the impact buffer that is fitted to the loading ramp. In one alternative design it is prevented from falling out with lateral, vertical lips on the two shells. 
         [0006]    EP 1 182 155 A discloses an impact buffer for fitting to loading ramps, dock levelers, and the like, having the following components: a first, sectionally C-profile-shaped, vertically extending part made of hard, impact-resistant material, a second, sectionally hat-profile-shaped, vertically extending part made of hard, impact-resistant material, the lateral flanges of which are arranged in the first part adjacent to its side flanges, and the bars of which extend out of the first part, and a core arranged inside the first and second parts that is made of an elastically deformable damping material, wherein either the first or the second part may be arranged stationary and the other part that absorbs the impact load is movable in the bar direction relative to the part that may be arranged stationary, and wherein the other part that absorbs the impact load is arranged such that it may be moved up and down relative to the part that may be arranged stationary. 
         [0007]    The underlying object of the invention is to create an impact buffer of the type specified in the foregoing that has a longer service life compared to known impact buffers. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0008]    This object is attained in accordance with the invention with an impact buffer for fitting to a loading ramp, having a retaining part for fitting to the loading ramp, having a stop part for a vehicle to be loaded at the loading ramp to strike, and having a buffer part for cushioning the stop part against the retaining part, in which the stop part is supported on the retaining part with at least one pivot lever. 
         [0009]    In the inventive impact buffer, the stop part is embodied movable relative to the retaining part. The buffer part is disposed between the stop part and the retaining part. In this way, both the buffer part and the stop part are held location-fast or stationary at the loading ramp using the retaining part. When a vehicle strikes the impact buffer, the buffer part may be elastically deformed and thus kinetic energy from the impact or collision of the vehicle converts to internal friction energy. Thus the impact is buffered. In accordance with the invention, the movement of the stop part relative to the retaining part is precisely guided by means of at least one pivot lever or pivot part for the service life of the impact buffer. At the same time, with the at least one pivot lever the stop part is movably retained on the retaining part, and the buffer part is also retained precisely in position between the retaining part and the stop part. 
         [0010]    The stop part may be supported on the retaining part with two pivot levers that extend parallel to one another. The retaining part may be embodied longitudinally with two opposing lateral surfaces and two pivot levers that extend parallel to one another are provided on the two lateral surfaces of the retaining part. 
         [0011]    In one embodiment, the retaining part and/or the stop part are furthermore embodied with a U-shaped cross-section and the at least one pivot lever is arranged inside the U-shape. Furthermore, the retaining part and the stop part may be embodied in a U-shape and the U-shape of the stop part is embodied overlapping the U-shape of the retaining part. 
         [0012]    The stop part may have a cover surface or head surface with which it may be supported suspended on the retaining part. The retaining part advantageously has a bottom surface or base surface with which the buffer part is supported on the retaining part. The buffer part may be embodied in a rectangular shape. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0013]      FIG. 1  is a sectional top view of a first exemplary embodiment of an inventive impact buffer. 
           [0014]      FIG. 2  is a sectional front view of the impact buffer in accordance with  FIG. 1 . 
           [0015]      FIG. 3  is a side view of the impact buffer in accordance with  FIG. 1 . 
           [0016]      FIG. 4  is a sectional top view of a second exemplary embodiment of an inventive impact buffer. 
           [0017]      FIG. 5  is a sectional front view of the impact buffer in accordance with  FIG. 4 . 
           [0018]      FIG. 6  is a side view of the impact buffer in accordance with  FIG. 4 . 
           [0019]      FIG. 7  is a sectional top view of a third exemplary embodiment of an inventive impact buffer. 
           [0020]      FIG. 8  is a sectional front view of the impact buffer in accordance with  FIG. 7 . 
           [0021]      FIG. 9  is a side view of the impact buffer in accordance with  FIG. 7 . 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0022]      FIGS. 1 through 9  depict impact buffers  10  in which a retaining part  14  is bolted location-fast to an associated loading ramp  12 . A stop part  16  is movably retained on the retaining part  14 , wherein disposed between the retaining part  14  and the stop part  16  is a buffer part  18  that may be elastically deformed when a vehicle strikes the impact buffer  10  during a loading or unloading process at the loading ramp  12 . During this buffer movement, the stop part  16  is retained and guided on the retaining part  14  by means of a total of four pivot levers  20 . The pivot levers  20  is disposed as two lever pairs, whose levers run parallel to one another, on each side of the plate-like retaining part  14  and likewise plate-like stop part  16 . The buffer part, which is made of elastic material, especially elastomer, is disposed as an essentially rectangular body in the interior of the arrangement. 
         [0023]    Both the retaining part  14  and the stop part  16 , seen in cross-section (see  FIGS. 1 ,  4 , and  7 ), are essentially embodied in U-shapes. 
         [0024]    The U-shape of the retaining part  14  is formed with a retaining surface  22  that faces the loading ramp  12  and from which a lateral surface  24  projects from each side as a legs. The lateral surfaces  24  in the exemplary embodiments in accordance with  FIGS. 1 through 3  are each embodied in an S-shape and thus terminate with a bar section  26  that faces outward. Two bolts  28  pass transversely through the U-shape; on these two of the pivot levers  20  are pivotably borne on the retaining part  14 . The retaining part  14  furthermore has a bottom surface  30  on which the buffer part  18  stands and is supported. 
         [0025]    The U-shape of the stop part  16  is embodied in a similar matter with a stop surface  32  that extends essentially parallel to the retaining surface  22  and from the sides of which two lateral surfaces  34  project laterally. In the exemplary embodiments in accordance with  FIGS. 1 through 3 , the lateral surfaces  34  each terminate with an inwardly facing bar section  36  that locks to the associated bar section  26  of the retaining part  14 . 
         [0026]    Also disposed on the stop part  16  are a total of four bolts  38  that are oriented transverse to the U-shape and each is retained on the stop part  16  by means of a bolt support  40 . One of the pivot levers  20  is oriented on an upward incline at an angle of approx. 45° between a bolt support  40  and a lateral surface  34  of the stop part  16  and is pivotably fitted to the stop part  16 . This design with bolt supports and associated short bolts that do not completely pass through the U-shape may also be advantageously selected as an alternative for the bolts  28  on the retaining part  14 . Furthermore disposed on the stop part  16  is a cover surface  42  with which the stop part  16  is supported suspended on the retaining part  14 . 
         [0027]    In the exemplary embodiment in accordance with  FIGS. 4 through 6 , the lateral surfaces  24  of the retaining part  14  are not S-shaped, but rather are embodied straight with bar sections  26  oriented inward. In this exemplary embodiment, the stop part  16  does not lock to the retaining part  14 , but is nevertheless precisely retained and guided thereon by means of the pivot lever  20  and also the cover surface  42 . 
         [0028]    The exemplary embodiment in accordance with  FIGS. 7 through 9  is embodied with lateral surfaces  24  and  34  that are embodied completely straight (that is, without inwardly or outwardly oriented bar sections). The U-shape of the stop part  16  is selected much larger than the U-shape of the retaining part  14  such that the stop part  16  overlaps the retaining part  14 . 
       REFERENCE LIST 
       [0000]    
       
           10  Impact buffer 
           12  Loading ramp 
           14  Retaining part 
           16  Stop part 
           18  Buffer part 
           20  Pivot lever 
           22  Retaining surface of the retaining part 
           24  Lateral surface of the retaining part 
           26  Bar section of the lateral surface of the retaining part 
           28  Bolt on the retaining part 
           30  Bottom surface on the retaining part 
           32  Stop surface of the stop part 
           34  Lateral surface of the stop part 
           36  Bar section of the lateral surface of the stop part 
           38  Bolt on the stop part 
           40  Bolt support on the stop part 
           42  Cover surface on the stop part