Abstract:
A novel, technique: for manufacturing bit patterned media is disclosed. In one particular exemplary embodiment, the technique may be realized as a method for manufacturing hit pattern media. The technique, which may be realized as a method comprising: forming a non-catalysis region on a first portion of a catalysis layer; forming a non-magnetic separator on the non-catalysis region; and forming a magnetic active region on it second portion of the catalysis layer adjacent to the first portion of the catalysis layer.

Description:
PRIORITY 
       [0001]    This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/429,456, filed on Jan. 4, 2011, and entitled “Bit Patterned Media And Techniques For Manufacturing The Same,” which is incorporated in its entirety by reference. 
       RELATED APPLICATION 
       [0002]    This application is related to co-pending U.S. application Ser. No. 13/228,426, filed on Sep. 8, 2011, and entitled “Technique for manufacturing Bit Patterned Media.” The co-pending U.S. application Ser. No. 13/228,426, is herein incorporated in its entirety by reference. 
     
    
     FIELD 
       [0003]    The present application relates to data storage media, particularly to a bit patterned media and techniques for manufacturing the data storage media. 
       BACKGROUND 
       [0004]    A bit patterned media (BPM) is expected to extend the data storage density in hard drive disks and anticipated to be the next generation of data storage media. Conventionally, a data storage media  100  may comprise, among others, a base layer  102 , a data storage layer  122 , and a protective layer  132 , as shown in  FIG. 1   f.  Within the data storage layer  122 , there may be a plurality of active regions  122   a,  each of which is used for storing a single data bit, and one or more separators  122   b  for isolating each active region  122   a.  In the conventional BPM  100 , the active regions  122   a  are formed when BPM  100  is manufactured. This is contrary to earlier data storage media, where the active regions are formed while the data is recorded. As the storage capacity of a media depends on the number of the active regions  122   a,  a BPM  100  with greater number of active regions  122   a  is preferred. 
         [0005]    In manufacturing the conventional BPM  100 , the data storage layer  122  is formed above the base layer  102  and an intermediate layer  122  ( FIG. 1   a ). The material in the data storage layer  104  may be magnetic material containing species that exhibit ferromagnetism. Thereafter, a resist layer  108  is deposited on the data storage layer  122  and patterned using a known lithographic process as shown in  FIG. 1   b.  Examples of the known patterning process may include photolithographic process, nano-imprint lithographic process, and direct write electron beam lithographic process. As a result, a portion of the data storage layer  122  is exposed. 
         [0006]    The exposed portion of the data storage layer  122  is then etched using, for example, an ion milling process. In this process, reactive ions  132  are directed toward the exposed portion of the data storage layer  122 , and the material therein is removed ( FIG. 1   c ). Meanwhile, a portion of the data storage layer  122  shielded from the reactive ions  152  by the resist  108  may remain on the base layer. If viewed from the side, the resulting media  100  may comprise columns  122   a  of ferromagnetic material spaced apart and isolated from each other by gaps. Such columns  122   a  may ultimately form the active regions  122   a.  Areas between the columns (e.g. gaps) are then filled with non-magnetic material with low permeability and remanence. This non-magnetic material forms the separators  122   b  ( FIG. 1   d ). Thereafter, the media  100  is planarized ( FIG. 1   e ), and a protective coating  152  is deposited on the data storage layer  122  ( FIG. 1   f ). The resulting BPM  100 , as noted above, comprises a data storage layer  122  having a plurality of active regions  122   a  isolated by one or more non-magnetic separators  122   b.    
         [0007]    As an improvement, a process of manufacturing BPM that incorporates ion implantation step has been proposed. This process is shown in  FIG. 2   a - 2   e.  It should be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that many components in  FIG. 1   a - 1   f  are also incorporated into  FIG. 2   a - 2   e.  As such, many of the components in  FIG. 2   a - 2   e  should be understood in relation to  FIG. 1   a - 1   f.    
         [0008]    First, the data storage layer  122  is formed on the base layer  102 . Thereafter, the resist layer  108  is deposited on the data storage layer  122  ( FIG. 2   a ). The resist layer  108  is then patterned using one of the known lithographic processes, and at least one region of the data storage layer  122  is exposed ( FIG. 2   b ). When viewed from the top, the exposed region of the data storage layer  122  is surrounded by the non-exposed portion of the data storage layer. Thereafter, ions  234  are introduced and implanted into the exposed region of the data storage layer  222  ( FIG. 2   c ). The ions  234 , when implanted, convert the material in the exposed region from ferromagnetic material to a non-magnetic material with low permeability and ideally no remanence. This non-magnetic material may be the separator  222   b.  Meanwhile, material in the region  222   a  shielded from the ions  234  by the resist  108  may remain ferromagnetic and form the active regions  222   a  of the BPM  200  ( FIG. 2   d ). The active region  222   a  may be surrounded and isolated from neighboring active region  222   a  by the separators  222   b.  After the active region  222   a  and the separator  222   b  are formed, the remaining resist  108  is removed, and the protective layer  152  is deposited thereon ( FIG. 2   e ). 
         [0009]    In this process, the separators  222   b  may form via various mechanisms. In one approaches, the separator  222   b  is formed via dilution of magnetic material. In this approach, the ferromagnetic material in the exposed region of the data storage layer  222  is implanted with species that do not exhibit magnetic property. With sufficient dose, Curie temperature of the resulting material is reduced to room temperature such that the material is no longer magnetic at room temperature. To achieve sufficient dilution, atomic concentration of ˜10% or more of the diluting ions may be needed. For a media comprising cobalt (Co) based data storage layer of 30 nm thickness, a 10% concentration implies an ion dose of approximately 3×1016/cm2. This dose may be proportional to the thickness of the storage layer and thus may be less if the data storage layer is thinner. 
         [0010]    In another approach, the magnetic material in the exposed region of the data storage layer  122  may be converted into nonmagnetic material via alteration of the material&#39;s crystallinity or microstructure. The ion implantation process is an energetic process that can cause many atomic collisions. During implantation, the material in the exposed region that is otherwise crystalline may become amorphous and/or disordered. As a result, the material may exhibit low ferromagnetism at room temperature. Meanwhile, the material shielded by the resist  108  may retain its original magnetic property. This approach may be effective if the original ferromagnetic layer is a multilayer that derives its magnetic properties from the interaction of very thin layers in a stack. However, this approach may also require a high ion dose. A typical ion dose necessary to amorphize/disorder a silicon substrate is 1×1015 ions/cm2 or higher. In a metal substrate, this required dose may be even higher, particularly if the implant is performed at room temperature. 
         [0011]    Both approaches, however, have several drawbacks. One such drawback may be limited throughput caused in part by the high ion dose requirement. As noted above, each approach in forming the separator  222   b  requires an ion dose ranging about 1×1016-1×1017 ions/cm2. However, the beam current in a conventional ion implanter is limited due to the limitations in generating the ions. Accordingly, such a high dose will limit the throughput or increase the time the ion implantation system has to process the media. With limited throughput, the cost associated with manufacturing BPM may be high. 
         [0012]    The throughput may also be limited in part by the resist patterning step. As noted above, the electron beam direct write patterning step may be used to pattern the resist. In this process, an electron beam is scanned along one or more directions to directly write or pattern the resist. Although this process enables greater resolution, this process is very slow and it is not suitable for high throughput production. 
         [0013]    The nano-imprint lithography process, a more efficient resist patterning, may be incapable of producing resist with desired properties. For example, the maximum practical resist height achieved in the nano-imprint lithography process may be limited to about 50 nm. Such resist may not survive the subsequent high dose ion implantation process and/or adequately protect the material underneath. A portion of the resist may sputter away during ion implantation, and portions of material outside of the exposed region (i.e. material originally under the resist  108 ) may be implanted with ions and also converted into the separator  222   b.  Accordingly, less than optimal BPM may result. 
         [0014]    Moreover, high dose ion implantation used to form the separator  204   a  may also contribute to sputtering of the material in the exposed region. This sputtering effect proceeds in proportion to the total dose needed to form the separator  222   b.  This sputtering effect may result in a non-planar storage layer. Because the BPM manufacturing process that incorporates the ion implantation step is intended to omit the gap filling step (e.g.  FIG. 1   d ), excessive non-planarity between the exposed region and the unexposed region may be highly undesirable. 
         [0015]    Accordingly, a new method for manufacturing hit pattern media is needed. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0016]    A technique for manufacturing bit patterned media is disclosed. In one particular exemplary embodiment, the technique may he realized as a method for manufacturing bit pattern media. The technique, which may be realized as a method comprising: forming a non-catalysis region on a first portion of a catalysis layer; forming a non-magnetic separator on the non-catalysis region; and forming a magnetic active region on a second portion of the catalysis layer adjacent to the first portion of the catalysis layer. 
         [0017]    In accordance with other aspects of this particular exemplary embodiment, the forming the non-catalysis region may comprise: disposing a mask on the catalysis layer, wherein the mask comprises a transparent area aligned with the first portion of the catalysis layer and a non-transparent area aligned with the second portion of the catalysis layer; depositing the non-catalysis layer on the mask and first portion of the catalysis layer aligned with the transparent area of the mask; and selectively removing the mask without removing a portion of the non-catalysis layer deposited on the first portion of the catalysis layer. 
         [0018]    In accordance with additional aspects of this particular exemplary embodiment, the forming the non-catalysis region may comprise: disposing a non-catalysis layer on the catalysis layer; and selectively etching a portion of the non-catalysis layer until the second portion of the catalysis layer is exposed. 
         [0019]    In accordance with further aspects of this particular exemplary embodiment, the catalysis layer may comprise at least one of Ti, Ta, and Mg species. 
         [0020]    In accordance with additional aspects of this particular exemplary embodiment, the non-catalysis region may comprise SiO2. 
         [0021]    In accordance with further aspects of this particular exemplary embodiment, the forming the magnetic active region may comprise introducing ferromagnetic material near the second portion of the catalysis layer and preferentially forming the magnetic active region containing the ferromagnetic material. 
         [0022]    In accordance with additional aspects of this particular exemplary embodiment, the ferromagnetic material may comprise at least one of Fe, Co, Ni, Cr, and Pt species. 
         [0023]    In accordance with other aspects of this particular exemplary embodiment, the forming the non-magnetic separator may comprise introducing non-ferromagnetic material near the non-catalysis region and preferentially forming the separator containing the non-ferromagnetic material. 
         [0024]    In accordance with further aspects of this particular exemplary embodiment, the non-ferromagnetic material may be SiO2. 
         [0025]    In accordance with additional aspects of this particular exemplary embodiment, the method may further comprise: introducing into the non-catalysis region at least one species contained in the separator. 
         [0026]    In accordance with further aspects of this particular exemplary embodiment, the introducing into the non-catalysis region at least one species contained in the separator may comprise implanting ions of the at least one species contained in the separator. 
         [0027]    In accordance with additional aspects of this particular exemplary embodiment, the method may further comprise: introducing into the second portion of the catalysis layer at least one species contained in the magnetic active region. 
         [0028]    In accordance with further aspects of this particular exemplary embodiment, the introducing into the second portion of the catalysis layer at least one species contained in the magnetic active region may comprise implanting ions of the at least one species contained in the magnetic active region. 
         [0029]    In accordance with additional aspects of this particular exemplary embodiment, the method may further comprise: selectively amorphizing the non-catalysis region. 
         [0030]    In accordance with another exemplary embodiment, the technique may be realized as a method comprising: forming a non-catalysis region and a catalysis region; and forming a non-magnetic separator on the non-catalysis region and forming a magnetic active region on the catalysis region, wherein the non-catalysis region and the non-magnetic separator have at least one common property, and wherein the catalysis region and magnetic active region have at least one common property. 
         [0031]    In accordance with other aspects of this particular exemplary embodiment, the forming a non-catalysis region and a catalysis region may comprise: depositing a catalysis layer on a non-catalysis layer; disposing a mask on the catalysis layer, wherein the mask comprises a transparent area aligned with a first portion of the catalysis layer and a non-transparent area aligned with a second portion of the catalysis layer; and etching a first portion of the catalysis layer until a portion of the non-catalysis layer is exposed. 
         [0032]    In accordance with further aspects of this particular exemplary embodiment, the method may further comprise ion implanting into the non-catalysis region at least one species contained in the separator. 
         [0033]    In accordance with additional aspects of this particular exemplary embodiment, species of the ions implanted into the non-catalysis region comprise at least one of Si and O. 
         [0034]    In accordance with further aspects of this particular exemplary embodiment, the method may further comprise: ion implanting into the catalysis region at least one species contained in the magnetic active region. 
         [0035]    In accordance with additional aspects of this particular exemplary embodiment, species of the ions implanted into the catalysis region comprises at least one of Fe, Co, Ni, and Pt species. 
         [0036]    The present disclosure will now be described in more detail with reference to exemplary embodiments thereof as shown in the accompanying drawings. While the present disclosure is described below with reference to exemplary embodiments, it should be understood that the present disclosure is not limited thereto. Those of ordinary skill in the art having access to the teachings herein will recognize additional implementations, modifications, and embodiments, as well as other fields of use, which are within the scope of the present disclosure as described herein, and with respect to which the present disclosure may be of significant utility. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0037]    In order to facilitate a fuller understanding of the present disclosure, reference is now made to the accompanying drawings, in which like elements are referenced with like numerals. These drawings should not be construed as limiting the present disclosure, but are intended to be exemplary only. 
           [0038]      FIG. 1   a - 1   f  illustrate a conventional method for manufacturing BPM. 
           [0039]      FIG. 2   a - 2   e  illustrate another conventional method for manufacturing BPM. 
           [0040]      FIGS. 3   a  and  3   b  illustrate side and plan views of an exemplary BPM according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. 
           [0041]      FIG. 4   a - 4   e  illustrate an exemplary technique for manufacturing BPM according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. 
           [0042]      FIG. 4   f  illustrates an exemplary mask that can be used in the technique shown in  FIG. 4   a - 4   e.    
           [0043]      FIG. 5   a - 5   e  illustrate another exemplary technique for manufacturing BPM according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. 
           [0044]      FIG. 5   f  illustrates another exemplary mask that can be used in the technique shown in  FIG. 5   a - 5   e.    
           [0045]      FIG. 6   a - 6   e  illustrate another exemplary technique for manufacturing BPM according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. 
           [0046]      FIG. 6   f  illustrates another exemplary mask that can be used in the technique shown in  FIG. 6   a - 6   e.    
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0047]    To solve the deficiencies associated with the methods noted above, novel techniques for manufacturing BPM are introduced. In the present disclosure, BPM may contain at least one catalysis region on which a magnetic, active region of the magnetic media may preferentially form. Bit patterned media may also comprise at least one non-catalysis region, on which the non-magnetic separator may preferentially form. Various processes, and systems for performing such processes, are incorporated in forming the catalysis region, the non-catalysis region, the active region, and the separator. Such processes include various patterning, deposition, etch, position, doping processes, and systems for performing such processes. For clarity, specific examples of the processes are provided. However, those skilled in the art will recognize other processes and systems not described in the present disclosure are not necessarily precluded. 
         [0048]    Referring to  FIGS. 3   a  and  3   b  there arc shown side and plan views of a BPM  300  according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. Those of the ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the figure is not necessarily drawn to scale. As illustrated in  FIG. 3   a,  BPM  300  of the present disclosure comprises the base layer  102  and a data storage layer  322  disposed on the base layer  102 . In addition, BPM  300  of the present disclosure comprises an intermediate layer  312  interposed between the base layer  102  and the data storage layer  322 . 
         [0049]    In the data storage layer  322 , there may be at least one active region  322   a,  in which a data bit may be stored, and at least one separator  322   b.  The material in the active region  322   a  may be magnetic material (e.g. exhibiting ferromagnetism or ferrimagnetism), whereas the material in the separator  322   b  may be non-magnetic material. Examples of the preferred material in the active region  322   a  may include those containing species such as iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), and platinum (Pt). However, other materials of high permeability and remanence and containing other species are not precluded in the present disclosure. Meanwhile, the preferred material in the separator  322   b  may be non-magnetic material capable of magnetically decoupling neighboring active region  322   a.  Although various materials may be used, and thus not precluded, silicon dioxide (SiO2) is preferred as the material in the separator  322   b.    
         [0050]    As illustrated in  FIG. 3   b,  the active region  322   a  may be approximately circular or round shape, when viewed from the top. However, other shapes are not precluded in the present disclosure. The separator  322   b  may surround the active region  322   a  such that it may magnetically isolate one active region  322   a  from neighboring active region  322   a.  In the present disclosure, the separator  322   b  may be single and continuous or a plurality of non continuous segments. 
         [0051]    In one embodiment, the active region  322   a  may have width or diameter ranging about 5 nm to about 10 nm. The separator  322   b,  in one embodiment, may preferably have a thickness ranging about 1 nm to about 4 nm. In another embodiment, the separator  322   b  may have other thicknesses. The former thickness range is preferred as such thickness range may enable the separator  322   b  to sufficiently decouple the active region  322   a  and minimize spin direction of one active region  322   a  from being affected by the neighboring active region  322   a,  The separator  322   b  with less thickness, although not preferable, is not precluded as long as it is capable of sufficiently decoupling the neighboring active region  322   a.  Meanwhile, the separator  322   b  with greater thickness, although not precluded, may not be preferred as such a separator  322   b  may decrease the density or the number of the active regions  322   a  in BPM  300 . 
         [0052]    Returning to  FIG. 3   a,  BPM  300  of the present disclosure may also comprise an intermediate layer  312 . As described in detail below, the intermediate layer  312  may comprise a catalysis layer and/or catalysis region, on which active region  322   a  may form. The intermediate layer  342  may also comprise a non-catalysis layer or non-catalysis region, on which the separator  322   b  may form. In the present disclosure, the catalysis layer/region may serve as the template for the active region  322   a  forming thereon, whereas the non catalysis layer/region may serve as the template for the separator  322   b  forming on the non catalysis layer/region. The non-catalysis layer/region may be positioned above or below the catalysis layer/region. 
         [0053]    In the present disclosure, each layer/region serving as the template and the region formed thereon may have at least one similar property. Examples of the common or similar property may include a crystal structure, species, and other chemical properties. In one particular embodiment, the common property is the crystal structure, and the active region  322   a  and the catalysis layer/region are polycrystalline. In such a scenario, it may be preferable that the crystals in the active region  322   a  and the catalysis layer/region have similar structure and/or orientation. In another particular embodiment, the non-catalysis layer/region and the separator  322   b  may be amorphous. Yet in another particular embodiment, the common property may be a common species. In particular, the catalysis layer/region may include at least one species that is also contained in the active region  322   a.  Optionally, the non-catalysis layer/region and the separator  322   b  may also have at least one common species. 
         [0054]    In addition, different template layers/regions preferably have contrasting properties. In one particular example, the catalysis layer/region is polycrystalline, whereas the non-catalysis layer/region is amorphous. In another particular example, the catalysis layer/region and the non-catalysis layer/region have no species in common. 
         [0055]    In the present disclosure, a variety of materials may be used to form the catalysis layer/region. Examples of the material of the catalysis layer/region include a material containing titanium (Ti), tantalum (Ta), and/or magnesium (Mg) species. A specific example includes magnesium oxide (MgO). Meanwhile, the material in the non-catalysis layer/region, in one embodiment, may be silicon dioxide (SiO2). Those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the materials in the catalysis and non-catalysis layers/regions are not limited to those described above, and other materials may be used. 
         [0056]    Referring to  FIG. 4   a - e,  there is shown a technique  400  for manufacturing BPM  300  according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.  FIG. 4   f  illustrates a plan view of a mask  408  used in the technique. It should be appreciated that several components in  FIGS. 3   a  and  3   b  are incorporated into  FIG. 4   a - 4   f.  A detailed description of such components, for clarity and simplicity, may not be repeated. As such,  FIG. 4   a - 4   f  should be understood in relation to  FIGS. 3   a  and  3   b.    
         [0057]    In manufacturing the BPM  300 , an intermediate layer  312  may be formed on the base layer  102 . The intermediate layer  412  of the present embodiment may comprise a catalysis layer  314 , a portion of which (i.e. catalysis region  314   a ) may serve as the template for the active region  322   a  forming thereon. The intermediate layer  312  may also comprise a non catalysis layer  316  formed on the catalysis layer  414 . In the present embodiment, a portion of the non-catalysis layer  316  (i.e. non-catalysis region  316   a ) may serve as the template for a separator  422   b  forming thereon. 
         [0058]    On the non-catalysis layer  316  of the intermediate layer  312 , a mask  408  is disposed. Various types of mask  408 , including a soft mask, a hard mask, a shadow mask, or a combination thereof, may be used. In the present embodiment, resist  408  may be used as the mask  408 . As illustrated in  FIG. 4   f,  the mask  408  may comprise at least one transparent area  408   b  (e.g. apertures or gaps) defined by at least one non-transparent area  408   a.  When disposed, a portion of the non-catalysis layer  316  aligned with the transparent area  408   b  of the mask  408  is exposed, as shown in  FIG. 4   a.    
         [0059]    The exposed portion of the non-catalysis layer  316  may then be etched until a portion of the catalysis layer  314  is exposed. The etching processes that may be performed to expose the catalysis layer  314  may include a physical, chemical, wet, dry, or plasma based etching process. Other types of etching processes may also be performed. A step to remove the mask  408  may follow the etching process. After the mask  408  is removed, the resulting structure may comprise at least one non-catalysis region  316   a  disposed on the catalysis layer  314 , as shown in  FIG. 4   b.  Next to the non-catalysis region  316   a,  the exposed portion of the catalysis layer (i.e. the catalysis region  314   a ) may be disposed. 
         [0060]    In the present embodiment, all trace of the mask  408  is preferably removed. If necessary, additional cleaning surfaces may optionally be performed to remove one or more atomic layers of non-catalysis region  316   a  and the catalysis region  314   a.  For example, approximately 2 nm of material may be removed from the surfaces of the catalysis region  314   a  and/or the non-catalysis region  316   a.  This cleaning process may enhance subsequent epitaxial deposition or growth of the material thereon. An example of the cleaning processes may include the sputter cleaning process. However, other cleaning processes may also be used. 
         [0061]    After forming the catalysis region  314   a  and the non-catalysis region  316   a,  the data storage layer  322  may be formed ( FIG. 4   c ). In the present embodiment, active region forming material  442   a  may be introduced on the catalysis region  414   a  to form magnetic, active region  322   a.  Meanwhile, separator forming material  442   b  may be introduced on the non-catalysis region  416   a  to form the non-magnetic, separator  322   b.  In the present embodiment, the active regions forming material  442   a  may include one or more of Fe, Co, Cr, and Pt species. However, other species are not precluded. Meanwhile, examples of separator forming materials may be materials containing Si or O. The active region forming material  442   a  and the separator forming material  442   b  may be introduced simultaneously. Alternatively, the active region forming material  442   a  and the separator forming material  442   b  may be introduced one after another, in such an embodiment, one of the active region  322   a  and the separator  322   b  may form after the formation of the other one of the active region  322   a  and the separator  322   b.  Although various deposition processes may be used, a sputter deposition process may be preferred. 
         [0062]    As illustrated in  FIGS. 4   c  and  4   d,  the active region  322   a  may preferentially form on the catalysis region  314   a  using the catalysis region  314   a  as a template. Likewise, the separator  322   b  may preferentially form on the non-catalysis region  316   a  using the non-catalysis region  316   a  as a template. In the present disclosure, the preferential formation may be due to similarities between the material serving as the template and the material formed thereon. For example, the catalysis region  314   a  may be polycrystalline, and polycrystalline active region  322   a  may preferentially form on the polycrystalline catalysis region  314   a.  Meanwhile, the non-catalysis region  316   a  may be amorphous, and amorphous separator  322   b  may preferentially form on the amorphous non-catalysis region.  316 . The preferential formation may also be due to a common species contained in the material serving as the template and the material formed thereon. For example, SiO2 separator  322   b  may preferentially form over the non-catalysis region  316   a  containing either Si or O species (e.g. Si based material or oxide material). 
         [0063]    In addition, the preferential formation may be due to the contrasting properties between different template regions and/or between the template region and the material formed on the adjacent template region (e.g. different properties between the non-catalysis region  316   a  and the active region  322   a ). In the present disclosure, such contrasting properties may include structural difference, difference in species, or difference in any other properties. In one embodiment, the non-catalysis region  316   a  may be amorphous, whereas the catalysis region  314   a  is polycrystalline. Moreover, the active region  322   a  may be polycrystalline. Such a polycrystalline active region  322   a  may be less likely to form on the amorphous non-catalysis region  316   a.  Instead, the active region  322   a  may be formed on the polycrystalline catalysis region  314   a.  Meanwhile, amorphous separator  322   b  may preferentially form on the amorphous non-catalysis region  316   a.    
         [0064]    In the present disclosure, the materials in the catalysis region  314   a  and the non-catalysis region  316   a  may be chosen to enhance the preferential formation of the active region  322   a  and the separator  322   b.  Moreover, additional processes may be performed on the catalysis region  314   a  and the non-catalysis region  316   a  to further enhance the preferential formation. For example, the annealing process may be performed on the catalysis region  314   a  to enhance crystallinity in the region. In another example, the ion implantation process may be performed on the non-catalysis region  316   a  to further amorphize the region. Yet in another example, species found in the active region  322   a  may be introduced into the catalysis region  314   a  and/or species found in the separator  322   b  may be introduced into the non-catalysis region  316   a.  Such species may be introduced via ion implantation, diffusion, or any other doping or species introducing process. Such processes may be performed prior to the formation of the active region  322   a  and the separator  322   b.    
         [0065]    As preferential formation occurs, well organized, heteroepitaxial formation of the active region  322   a  and separator  322   b  may be achieved. Thereafter, the protective layer  152 , such as, for example, DLC cap layer, may be deposited, as shown in  FIG. 4   e.    
         [0066]    Referring to  FIG. 5   a - e,  there is shown another technique  500  for manufacturing BPM  300  according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.  FIG. 5   f  illustrates a plan view of a mask  508  used in the technique. It should be appreciated that several components in  FIGS. 3   a,    3   b,  and  4   a - 4   f  are also incorporated into  FIG. 5   a - 5   f.  A detailed description of such components, for clarity and simplicity, may not be repeated. As such,  FIG. 5   a - 5   f  should be understood in relation to  FIG. 3   a,    3   b,    4   a - 4   f.    
         [0067]    As illustrated in  FIG. 5   a,  the catalysis layer  314  may be disposed on the base layer  102 . Thereafter, a mask  508  is disposed thereon. The mask  508  may comprise at least one transparent area  508   b  (e.g. apertures or gaps) defined by at least one non-transparent area  508   a  ( FIG. 5   f ). When disposed on the catalysis layer  314 , the non-transparent area  508   a  shields a portion of the catalysis layer  314 . Meanwhile, a portion of the catalysis layer  314  aligned with the transparent area  508   a  may be exposed. 
         [0068]    As illustrated in  FIG. 5   b,  a non-catalysis layer  516  may then be deposited over the mask  508  and on the exposed portion of the catalysis layer  414 , as illustrated in  FIG. 4   b.  Thereafter, the mask  508  is removed from the catalysis layer  314  using, for example, a resist lift off process. Other mask removal processes may also be used. When the mask  508  is removed, a portion of the non-catalysis layer  516  deposited on the non-transparent area  508   a  of the mask  508  may be removed. However, another portion of the non-catalysis layer  516  deposited on the catalysis layer  314  may remain on the catalysis layer  314 , as illustrated in  FIG. 5   c.  This remaining portion may be the non-catalysis region  516   a.  At the same time, a portion of the catalysis layer  314  exposed after the removal of the mask  508  may be the catalysis region  314   a.  As a result, a non-catalysis region  516   a  may form on a portion of the catalysis layer  314 , and a catalysis region  414   a  may form next to the non-catalysis region  516   a.    
         [0069]    Thereafter, the active region forming material  442   a  may be introduced on the catalysis region  314   a  to form magnetic, active region  422   a  ( FIG. 5   d ). Meanwhile, separator forming material  442   b  may be introduced on the non-catalysis region  516   a  to form the non-magnetic, separator  422   b.  Similar to the earlier embodiment, the active region forming material  442   a  and the separator forming material  442   b  may be introduced simultaneously or one after another. Although various deposition processes may he used, a sputter deposition process may be preferred. 
         [0070]    As illustrated in  FIG. 5   d,  the active region  322   a  may preferentially form over the catalysis region  314   a  that is serving as the template for the active region  322   a.  Meanwhile, the separator  322   b  may preferentially form over the non-catalysis region  516   a  that serves as the template for the separator  322   b.  As a result, well organized, heteroepitaxy of the active region  322   a  and the separator  322   b  may occur. Thereafter, the protective layer  152 , such as, for example, DLC cap layer, may be deposited, as shown in  FIG. 5   e.    
         [0071]    As noted above, the preferential formation may be due to similar properties between the active region  322   a  and the catalysis region  314   a,  and between the separator  322   b  and the non-catalysis region  516   a.  Alternatively the preferential formation may be due to contrasting properties between materials in the catalysis region  314   a  and the separator  322   b,  and/or between the materials in the non-catalysis region  516   a  and the active region  322   a  Additional processes such as annealing, ion implantation, and/or doping processes may be performed in order to enhance the preferential formation. 
         [0072]    In some embodiments, an optional cleaning process may also be performed to remove all traces of the mask  508  and/or thoroughly clean the surface of the catalysis region  314   a  and/or the non-catalysis region  516   a,  This optional cleaning process may be performed prior to introducing the active region forming material  442   a  or the separator forming material  442   b,  This cleaning process may enhance epitaxial deposition or growth of the active region  322   a  and the separator  322   b.    
         [0073]    Referring to  FIG. 6   a - 6   e,  there is shown another exemplary technique  600  for manufacturing BPM  300  according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.  FIG. 6   f  illustrates the plan view of a mask  608  used in this embodiment. It should be appreciated that several components in  FIG. 3   a,    3   b,    4   a - 4   f  and  5   a - 5   f  are incorporated into  FIG. 6   a - 6   f.  A detailed description of such components, for clarity and simplicity, may not be repeated. As such,  FIG. 6   a - 6   f  should be understood in relation to  FIGS. 3   a,    3   b,    4   a - 4   f,  and  5   a - 5   f.    
         [0074]    As illustrated in  FIG. 6   a,  the intermediate layer  312 , which comprises the catalysis layer  314  disposed on the non-catalysis layer  316 , is formed on the base layer  102 . On the catalysis layer  314 , a mask  608  is disposed. The mask  608  may comprise one or more transparent areas  608   b  (e.g. apertures or gaps) defined by at least one non-transparent area  608   a  ( FIG. 6   f ). When disposed on the catalysis layer  314 , the non-transparent area  608   a  shields a portion of the catalysis layer  314 . Meanwhile, another portion of the catalysis layer  314  aligned with the transparent area  608   a  may be exposed ( FIG. 6   a ). 
         [0075]    After mask  608  is disposed, the portion of the catalysis layer  314  aligned with the transparent area  608   b  of the mask  608  is etched until a portion of the non-catalysis layer  316  disposed underneath is exposed. In the process, the catalysis region  314   a  and the non-catalysis region  316   a  may be formed. The etching process that may be performed may include a physical, chemical, wet, dry, or plasma based etching process. Other types of etching processes may also be performed. After the etching process, the mask  508  may be removed. The resulting structure may comprise the base layer  102  and at least one catalysis region  314   a  and at least one non-catalysis region  316   a  proximate to the catalysis region  314   a  ( FIG. 6   b ). 
         [0076]    Thereafter, the active region forming material  442   a  may be introduced on the catalysis region  314   a  to form magnetic, active region  622   a  ( FIGS. 6   c  and  6   d ). Meanwhile, separator forming material  442   b  may be introduced on the non-catalysis region  316   a  to form the non-magnetic, separator  322   b.  Similar to the earlier embodiments, the active region forming material  442   a  and the separator forming material  442   b  may be introduced simultaneously or one after another. Although various deposition processes may be used, a sputter deposition process may be preferred. 
         [0077]    As noted earlier, the active region  322   a  may preferentially form over the catalysis region  314   a  that is serving as the template for the active region  322   a.  Meanwhile, the separator  322   b  may preferentially form over the non-catalysis region  316   a  that serves as the template for the separator  322   b.  As a result, well organized, heteroepitaxy of the active region  322   a  and the separator  322   b  may occur. Thereafter, the protective layer  152 , such as, for example, DLC cap layer, may be deposited, as shown in  FIG. 6   e.    
         [0078]    As noted above, the preferential formation may be due to similar properties between the active region  322   a  and the catalysis region  314   a,  and between the separator  322   b  and the non-catalysis region  316   a.  Alternatively, the preferential formation may be due to contrasting properties between materials in the catalysis region  314   a  and the separator  322   b,  and/or between the materials in the non-catalysis region  316   a  and the active region  322   a.  Additional processes such as annealing, ion implantation, and/or doping processes may be performed in order to enhance the preferential formation. 
         [0079]    In some embodiments, an optional cleaning process may also be performed to remove all traces of the mask  608  and/or thoroughly clean the surface of the catalysis region  314   a  and/or the non-catalysis region  316   a,  This optional cleaning process may be performed prior to introducing the active region forming material  442   a  or the separator forming material  442   b.  This cleaning process may enhance epitaxial deposition or growth of the active region  322   a  and the separator  322   b.    
         [0080]    A novel BPM and a method for manufacturing the same are disclosed. Compared to the conventional magnetic media or the conventional method, the present disclosure provides additional advantages. For example, BPM formed according to the method disclosed herein may avoid topographical non-uniformity shown in a conventional BPM manufacturing process. Although the present disclosure has been described herein in the context of particular embodiments having particular implementation in a particular environment for a particular purpose, those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that its usefulness is not limited thereto and that the present disclosure may be beneficially implemented in any number of environments for any number of purposes. Various changes in form and detail may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined herein,