Abstract:
A method for applying fibre material on a vertical surface is provided. The method has the following steps: spraying an adhesive on the vertical surface; applying the fibre material on the sprayed surface; spraying additional adhesive on the fibre material for another layer of fibre material; applying another layer of fibre material on the sprayed fibre material; and injecting the layers of fibre material with a resin.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application claims priority to and the benefit of European Application No. EP13185157 filed Sep. 19, 2013, incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. 
       FIELD OF INVENTION 
       [0002]    The present invention relates to a method for applying fibre material on a vertical surface. 
       BACKGROUND OF INVENTION 
       [0003]    Rotor blades for wind turbines are made by laying a fibre material on a mould surface resembling a negative image of the fibre reinforced structure to be produced and in which a resin is infused and cured after the fibre material is laid on the mould surface. The form of such a blade is that is has a suction side and a pressure side with a shape determined by aerodynamical requirements. In a typical blade construction both sides are held in relation to each other by a beam, a spar or a web. Normally the web is casted or produced as a separate piece and afterwards being established together with other laid parts such as by using adhesives. As an alternative it is known that the web can be an integral part of a moulded structure and casted together with e.g. one or both of the sides of the blade. Basically the web is a structure which extends substantially perpendicular to the sides of the blades, therefore it is a challenge to build these parts together in a mould. 
         [0004]    It is a known method to layout and build the web on a location remote to the blade moulds and subsequently lift and place the web in position in the mould so as to form the structure for being casted. This conventional method is shown in  FIGS. 1 to 3 . 
         [0005]      FIG. 1  shows a blade mould  1  in which a glass fibre material  2  is laid out as a first side.  FIG. 2  shows a vertical web construction  3  on which glass fibre material  4  is applied at a position remote from the blade mould  1 . After building the vertical web construction  3  with said glass fibre material  4  the web construction  3  is lifted and positioned on the glass fibre material  2  in the blade mould  1  as is shown in  FIG. 3 . 
         [0006]      FIG. 4  is a perspective view of the vertical web construction  3  of  FIG. 2  whereby the vertical web construction  3  is made from wood and a plurality of glass fibre mats  5  is applied and laid on the vertical surface. 
         [0007]    However, this conventional method is time consuming and requires much production facility space, as space is required for both the blade moulds and for the construction of the web. 
       SUMMARY OF INVENTION 
       [0008]    It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an easier method for applying a fibre material on a vertical surface. 
         [0009]    According to the present invention this object is achieved in the above defined method by the following steps: spraying an adhesive on the vertical surface, applying the fibre material on the sprayed surface, spraying additional adhesive on the fibre material for another layer of fibre material, applying another layer of fibre material on the sprayed fibre material, and injecting the layers of fibre material with a resin. 
         [0010]    The invention is based on the idea that a fibre material can be applied on a vertical surface, whereby less production facility space is required by adhering said fibre material to the surface during layout. According to the invention a beam or web can be produced directly in the mould during layout. It is advantageous that the web can be constructed while being positioned in a blade mould. Hereby it is not necessary to lift the web construction from a remote position into the mould. Accordingly this is both time and cost effective. 
         [0011]    Another advantage of the invention is that it enables the layout of a fibre material on substantially vertical and highly angled surfaces. 
         [0012]    According to a further development of the invention the fibre material is unrolled from a reel. Accordingly the fibre material is unrolled from said reel and directly attached to the vertical surface and held in place by the adhesive. 
         [0013]    In the inventive method a glass fibre material and/or a carbon fibre material and/or a synthetic fibre material is preferred as fibre material. The actual layout depends on the design of a wind turbine blade. Normally it consists of several fibre material layers which are applied in different directions, namely with different fibre angles. It is possible that one wind turbine blade consists e.g. of a mixture of glass fibre material and carbon fibre material and/or at least one synthetic fibre material. 
         [0014]    It is particularly preferred that a fibre material in the form of a mat or a fabric is used. The use of a mat or a fabric enables to cover the surface of a vertical web construction very quickly. Subsequently an adhesive is applied on the fibre material, so that another layer of fibre material can be laid up. 
         [0015]    According to a further development of the invention a vertical surface is used which is made of wood or foam. An adhesive is sprayed on said vertical surface, subsequently the fibre material is applied on the sprayed surface. 
         [0016]    In the inventive method it is preferred that said fibre material is applied on both sides of the vertical surface. Accordingly a symmetric laminate or an unsymmetric laminate can be produced, as is required by design constraints. 
         [0017]    According to the inventive method the resin can be injected in a vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) process. According to this method the vertical web construction and/or the mould surface which are covered with a dry fibre material is covered by a thin film, subsequently air is sucked out between the thin film and the mould surface and the vertical web construction, respectively, and a liquid resin is injected in order to embed the fibre material into resin. 
         [0018]    The inventive method can be performed very economically in that the step of spraying an adhesive and/or the step of applying a fibre material is performed by an automatic actuator or a robot, in particular an industrial robot. Accordingly the layup of fibre material can be performed automatically under the control of a controller. 
         [0019]    According to a further development of the inventive method said actuator or said robot comprises a means for exerting pressure to applied fibre material. As the fibre material which is unrolled from a reel is pressed to the vertical web construction, the fibre material is held in place after being positioned, so that no wrinkles can occur. Unrolling said fibre material from a reel is simply effected by moving said reel, when the positioned fibre material is pressed onto the vertical web construction and its adhesive by said pressure means. 
         [0020]    The invention and its underlying principle will be better understood when consideration is given to the following detailed description of preferred embodiments. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0021]    In the accompanying drawings: 
           [0022]      FIG. 1- 4  show a conventional method for applying fibre material; 
           [0023]      FIG. 5  shows the step of spraying an adhesive of the inventive method; 
           [0024]      FIG. 6  shows the step of applying the fibre material of the inventive method; 
           [0025]      FIG. 7  shows the step of applying multiple layers of fibre material of the inventive method; 
           [0026]      FIG. 8  shows the step of applying fibre material in form of rovings of the inventive method; 
           [0027]      FIG. 9  shows how fibre material is pressed onto the adhesive by a pressure means; and 
           [0028]      FIG. 10-12  show various views of a pressure means. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF INVENTION 
       [0029]    The method for applying fibre material is explained with regard to  FIG. 5  to  FIG. 12 . 
         [0030]      FIG. 5  shows a vertical surface, namely a vertical web construction  6  made from wood on which it is desired to build up a fibre structure which in turn is to be moulded to a composite fibre component. In this embodiment the fibre material is glass fibre. However, other embodiments are possible, where carbon fibre or a mixture of glass fibre and carbon fibre is used. 
         [0031]    In a first step of the method for applying fibre material a thin layer of an adhesive  7  is sprayed on the vertical web construction  6  by a spray gun  8  which is moved along the surface of the vertical web construction  6  as is indicated by arrows  9 . Spraying the adhesive can be done manually or automatically, e.g. by a robot. 
         [0032]    It is preferred that the vertical web construction is positioned above a mould for a wind turbine blade, accordingly the vertical web construction  6  is directly established at a position where it is needed for building up a fibre structure. 
         [0033]    After spraying the adhesive on the vertical web construction  6 , whereby the adhesive is not yet cured, a glass fibre mat  10  is established on the sprayed area as is schematically illustrated in  FIG. 6 . The glass fibre mat  10  is rolled off from a reel  11  and directly attached to the sticky vertical surface of the web construction  6  and held in place. 
         [0034]    In  FIG. 7  it is shown that multiple layers of glass fibre mats  10  can be laid out on top of each other, whereby each glass fibre mat  10 , which is attached to the vertical web construction  6 , is covered with a thin layer of adhesive  7 . Each single layer of glass fibre can be attached in a different, specific angle, as is determined during design of a wind turbine blade. An additional adhesive layer  7  is to be sprayed on for every new layer of fibre material which is to be attached for holding this layer. 
         [0035]    It is possible to use an adhesive for fixing the layers of glass fibre which is of a chemical composition which is desolved by resin injected in a vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) process. 
         [0036]    According to a modification of the method a fibre material particular a glass fibre material in the form of mats is used which are established on the thin adhesive layer one by one. Attaching the single mats can be done manually or automatically by a robot. 
         [0037]      FIG. 8  shows another embodiment of the method, whereby a glass fibre material in form of rovings is used. These rovings are provided on a reel  12  on which rovings  13  have been wound up. 
         [0038]      FIG. 9  shows another embodiment of the method for applying fibre material on a vertical surface, whereby a fibre material is pressed on the vertical surface by a pressure means. 
         [0039]    Firstly a thin layer of adhesive  7  is applied on a vertical web construction  6  by a spray gun  8 . A glass fibre mat  10  is provided on a reel  11  from which it is unrolled onto the sticky surface of the vertical web construction  6 . A pressure means  14  is used for pressing the unrolled glass fibre mat  10  onto the vertical surface. In  FIG. 9  the pressure means  14  is only shown schematically. It comprises a plate  15  which is spring-loaded so that said pressure means  14  can follow the contour of the vertical surface even if the surface is curved. 
         [0040]      FIG. 10  is a perspective view of a pressure means  16 ,  FIG. 11  is a side view of the pressure means  16  and  FIG. 12  is another perspective view of the pressure means  16 . 
         [0041]    Pressure means  16  is explained with regard to  FIGS. 10 ,  11  and  12 . It comprises a housing  17  accommodating a reel  18 , on which a fibre material, in particular a glass fibre mat is wound. 
         [0042]    The pressure means  16  comprises a number of separate plates  19 , which are arranged in a row. Each plate  19  is connected to a rod  20  which is loaded by a spring  21 . In  FIG. 11  one can see that when a fibre mat or a roving is unreeled from a reel  18  it is pressed onto a surface by said plate  19 . As the plate  19  is spring-loaded it can even follow a curved surface. The pressure means  16  can be used for fibre mats as well as for rovings which are wound in parallel on a reel. 
         [0043]    On one side of the pressure means  16  a connector  22  for an industrial robot is provided so that the pressure means  16  can be moved along a vertical web construction or along a mould by an industrial robot. 
         [0044]    Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiment, the present invention is not limited by the disclosed examples from which the skilled person is able to derive other variations without departing from the scope of the invention.