Abstract:
Bottles with inwardly curled upper portions at the bottle opening and methods and tooling for producing such bottles. The inwardly curled upper portions impart compressive stresses into the bottle material and can reduce a likelihood of material splitting because the upper portion may not be stretched to a larger outer diameter as with outwardly curled upper portions. The inwardly curled upper portions may be formed using rollers with an entry radius positioned near an outside diameter of the bottle opening. The inward curl is formed as the bottle material enters the rollers near an entry face of the rollers, transitions through a work face of the rollers, and exits the roller at an exit face of the rollers. The resulting inward curl meets the edge of the bottle material near the inner surface of the bottle.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
       [0001]    This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/265,617 filed Dec. 10, 2015, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 
     
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    The present disclosure generally relates to beverage containers and methods for producing beverage containers. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to beverage containers with inverted curls and an inverted curling method for producing metal beverage bottles and beverage containers with inverted curls. 
       BACKGROUND 
       [0003]    Beverage containers such as, for example, beverage bottles made from metals (e.g., steel or aluminum), can include a curl at an opening of the bottle. The curl may be used as an attachment point for a bottle cap, or as a finishing detail to remove any sharp edges that may cut or injure a user of the bottle. To construct the curl, the bottle body is generally formed with a finished inner diameter and an upper portion of excess material around the bottle opening. The upper portion of excess material is then rolled outward to produce a curl around the bottle opening, which also defines a finished outer diameter of the bottle opening. 
         [0004]    However, rolling the upper portion outward to produce the curl as described above can pose a number of challenges in the production of large numbers of beverage bottles. For example, rolling the upper portion of excess material outward around the bottle opening can impart additional tensile stress on the bottle material, which can cause damage to the bottle. As an example, at the point in the bottle production process when an upper portion of a bottle opening is curled outward to produce a curl around the bottle opening, the bottle material may have already been through many forming operations and the material may be at, or near, a formability limit in tension (e.g., a threshold amount of tension at which the bottle may undesirably deform by splitting, cracking, or other failure in the material). As a result, outward curls at the bottle opening may impose additional tensile stress on the bottle, which can cause damage to the bottle such as for example, splitting of the bottle material at or near the curl. Curl splits can be common defects in bottle production and can cause high rates of spoilage, which can increase production cost and reduce efficiency. Outward curls can also leave an abutment between the edge of the bottle material and the exterior surface of the bottle. For crown cap closure bottles, especially in the case of a crown cap closure beverage bottle, removing the cap with a prying tool may damage and/or unroll the outward curl, exposing a sharp edge that may potentially harm a user. Any damage or forming irregularities in the curl abutment may also cause problems with proper sealing of the bottle cap, or may provide a space for the collection of dirt, debris, or bacteria. Consequently, higher rates of product loss or contamination may occur as a result of outwardly rolling an upper portion of a beverage bottle to produce a curl. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0005]    The term embodiment and like terms are intended to refer broadly to all of the subject matter of this disclosure and the claims below. Statements containing these terms should be understood not to limit the subject matter described herein or to limit the meaning or scope of the claims below. Embodiments of the present disclosure covered herein are defined by the claims below, not this summary. This summary is a high-level overview of various aspects of the disclosure and introduces some of the concepts that are further described in the Detailed Description section below. This summary is not intended to identify key or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used in isolation to determine the scope of the claimed subject matter. The subject matter should be understood by reference to appropriate portions of the entire specification of this disclosure, any or all drawings, and each claim. 
         [0006]    Certain aspects of the present disclosure relate to a bottle with an inward or inverted curl at an opening of the bottle and the methods and means for producing the bottle. In some examples, inward curling of the bottle opening may impart a compressive stress state in the upper portion of the bottle during manufacture, which can increase a threshold amount of pressure, force, or stress that the bottle can withstand before the upper portion of the bottle begins to deform in an undesirable way (e.g., by splitting, cracking, or other failure in the material) as compared to outward curling of the bottle opening. The imparted compressive stress state in the upper portion can lower or eliminate an incidence of curl splitting, which can result in improved process efficiency and reduce spoilage rates. 
         [0007]    In some examples, an uncurled portion of the bottle, including, for example, the body, neck, or any other features such as threads or other cap or sealing structures, may be formed using traditional production methods. Once the uncurled portion of the bottle is formed, an outer diameter of the bottle opening may be finished with an upper portion of excess material extending beyond what will become the top of the finished bottle. The upper portion of excess material may then be curled inward, imparting compressive stress into the upper portion material and the inward curl. The inward curl may define an inner diameter of the bottle opening and may be used to hold other devices or structures in the bottle opening (e.g., a cap of the bottle). 
         [0008]    In some examples, one or more rollers can be designed such that the rollers may be used to incrementally curl the upper portion of excess material and seat an edge of the upper portion on an inside surface of the neck of the bottle. A shape, size, or configuration of the one or more rollers may include or be defined by an entry radius, a straight support land, a work radius, and an exit radius. In some examples, the entry radius and/or support land of the roller may be configured to align with the outer diameter of the bottle. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0009]    Illustrative examples of the present disclosure are described in detail below with reference to the following drawing figures: 
           [0010]      FIG. 1  is a schematic sectional view of a bottle with an inward curl, according to one example of the present disclosure. 
           [0011]      FIG. 2  is a schematic sectional view of a bottle with an inward curl and an insert, according to one example of the present disclosure. 
           [0012]      FIGS. 3A-G  are schematic sectional views of a bottle with an inward curl at various stages of manufacture, according to one example of the present disclosure. 
           [0013]      FIGS. 4A-G  are schematic sectional views of a bottle with an inward curl at various stages of manufacture, according to another example of the present disclosure. 
           [0014]      FIG. 5A  is a schematic sectional view of an exemplary roller for inward curling of a bottle neck, according to one example of the present disclosure. 
           [0015]      FIG. 5B  is a detail view of the roller of  FIG. 5A , according to one example of the present disclosure. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0016]    The subject matter of embodiments of the present invention is described here with specificity to meet statutory requirements, but this description is not necessarily intended to limit the scope of the claims. The claimed subject matter may be embodied in other ways, may include different elements or steps, and may be used in conjunction with other existing or future technologies. This description should not be interpreted as implying any particular order or arrangement among or between various steps or elements except when the order of individual steps or arrangement of elements is explicitly described. 
         [0017]      FIG. 1  is a schematic sectional view of an exemplary bottle  100  with an inverted or inward curl  110 . The bottle  100  can be made of any material. For example, the inward curl  110  may be used on bottles made from aluminum, steel, any other metal or metallic alloy, or any other material that can be selected based on suitability in a particular application. As an example, the bottle  100  with the inward curl  110  can be formed from aluminum alloy 3104 or any related or similar aluminum alloys. The bottle  100  also includes a neck  102  that includes an opening  118  at a first end (e.g., a top end) of the bottle  100 , an outer surface  104 , and an inner surface  106 . The bottle opening  118  can have an outer diameter  114  and an inner diameter  116 . The outer diameter  114  or the inner diameter  116  can be of any length or size. In some examples, the bottle  100  may also include a lip  108  below the first end of the bottle (e.g., below the bottle opening  118 ). 
         [0018]    The inward curl  110  can be of any suitable size. For example, the inward curl  110  can have a constant radius through the curl. As another example, the inward curl  110  can have a variable radius (e.g., a radius of the curl may vary along the inward curl  110 ). In some examples, the inward curl  110  may comprise a 360 degree inward curl. In another example, the inward curl can be a curl of any angle (e.g., 180 degrees or any other suitable angle). In some examples, a portion of the material of the bottle  100  can be deformed, bent, or otherwise curled to form the inward curl  110 . In the example depicted in  FIG. 1 , the material of the bottle  100  (e.g., the material at the top end of the bottle) is deformed, bent, or otherwise curled from the outer diameter  114  of the bottle opening  118  to form the inward curl  110  such that an edge  122  of the inward curl  110  is displaced towards the inner surface  106  of the bottle  100 . In this example, the edge  122  of the inward curl  110  may approach or meet the inner surface  106  of the bottle  100  at a point or an abutment  112 . The abutment  112  may be a point of contact between the edge  122  and the inner surface  106  of the bottle  100 . In another example, the abutment  112  may be a region or an area where the edge  122  of the inward curl  110  is in close proximity to the inner surface  106  of the bottle  100 . In some examples, the inward curl  110  can extend from the outer surface  104  of the bottle to the inner surface  106  and into the opening  118  and to the abutment  112 . In some such examples, the inward curl can extend to the inner surface  106  such that that the edge  122  may be adjacent or near the inner surface  106 . In some examples, the edge  122  may be glued, welded, or otherwise attached to the inner surface  106  of the bottle  100  at the abutment  112 , although it need not be. In the example depicted in  FIG. 1 , the inner diameter  116  of the bottle opening  118  may be defined by the innermost point of the inward curl  110  (e.g., the innermost point of the inward curl  110  relative to the inner surface  106 ) or may otherwise correspond to the innermost point of the inward curl  110 . 
         [0019]    In some examples, any type of bottle  100  can include the inward curl  110 . For example, the inward curl  110  may be used on bottles with a crown-type closure (e.g., a bottle that includes features corresponding to a crown-type closure such that the bottle can be sealed with a crown cap), a screw-type closure (e.g., a bottle that can be sealed with a threaded screw cap), or any bottle that can include any other type of closure, cap, or sealing mechanism. As an example, for a screw-type closure, the bottle neck  102  may include one or more threads (e.g., below the top end of the bottle  100  or below the opening  118 ) or molded-in depressions (not shown) configured to accept a screw-on or roll-on pilfer proof type cap. As another example, for a crown-type closure, the bottle neck  102  may include one or more depressions, protrusions, or other features (e.g., below the top end of the bottle  100  or below the opening  118 ) configured to accept the crown-type closure to couple the bottle  100  to the crown-type closure. In some examples, the screw-type closure or the crown-type closure may be used to seal the bottle  100 . 
         [0020]    In some examples, the bottle  100  with the inward curl  110  at the opening  118  may offer a number of advantages over bottle configurations having an outward curl. For example, a process of manufacturing a bottle may include blow molding, deep drawing, ironing, die necking, incremental forming, or any other material forming process. During the manufacturing process, the material of the bottle can be subjected to a large degree of deformation (e.g., a change in a shape, size, or volume of the bottle), which can result in a buildup of stress and strain throughout the bottle. In some examples, during some conventional methods of manufacturing a bottle, an upper portion around an opening of the bottle is curled outwards, which can expand and stretch the material of the bottle circumferentially and impart additional tensile stress and deformation on the bottle. The additional tensile stress and deformation can cause cracking or splitting of the material of the bottle in and around the outward curl. 
         [0021]    In contrast, the inward curl  110  of the bottle  100  can compress the material around the opening  118  of the bottle  100 . In some examples, compressive stresses imparted by the inward curl  110  can reduce a likelihood of cracking or splitting of the material of the bottle  100  because they do not add additional tensile stresses and deformation to the bottle  100 . In some examples, such as, for example, with blow molded bottles, the compressive stresses imparted by the inward curl  110  may relieve tensile stresses that may be present in the material at, or around, the opening  118  of the bottle  100 , which can reduce the likelihood of cracking or splitting in and around the inward curl  110 . In some examples, reducing the likelihood of splitting or cracking may increase production efficiency by reducing the amount of spoilage of bottles  100  during production. 
         [0022]    In some examples, the inward curl  110  at the opening  118  of the bottle  100  may offer additional benefits. For example, the inward curl  110  may provide advantages in cleanliness, improved sealing, and user safety. As an example, the abutment  112  and the edge  122  of the inward curl  110  can be located on or near the inner surface  106  of the bottle  100 , which can protect the edge of the inward curl  110  from damage. If a bottle is struck or otherwise subjected to abuse during manufacture, storage, filling, capping, shipment, or, in the case of consumer products, on display or during use, the weakest and most likely area for damage is the free end of the curl. In some examples, having the abutment  112  and the edge  122  of the inward curl  110  near the inner surface  106  can prevent a free end of the bottle  100  from exposure to being struck or otherwise damaged, which can prevent damage to inward curl  110  during manufacture, storage, filing, capping, shipment or while on display or during use. In another example, such as with a bottle with a crown type closure, opening the bottle with a prying tool may damage and/or unroll an outward curl, exposing a user to a potentially dangerous sharp edge because the free end of the outward curl is unsupported, and therefore requires the least amount of force to bend or otherwise deform. By contrast, in the case of the bottle  100  having an inward curl  110 , the edge  122  of the inward curl  110  is located inside the opening  118  of the bottle  100  and can be less likely to encounter a direct strike and/or damage during bottle opening. In some examples, the inward curl  110  at the opening  118  may offer further additional benefits or may allow incorporation of additional features onto the bottle  100 . In some examples, the inward curl  110  may be formed to a greater or lesser extent as described above, so long as the final inward curl  110  provides adequate axial support to the bottle  100  through geometry and/or strain hardening of a material of the bottle  100 . 
         [0023]      FIG. 2  is a schematic sectional view of a bottle  200  with an inward curl  210  and an insert  230 , according to one example of the present disclosure. In the example depicted in  FIG. 2 , the bottle  200  can include a neck  202  that includes an opening  218 , an outer surface  204 , an inner surface  206 , a lip  208  below the opening  218 , an outer diameter  214 , and an inner diameter  216 . The neck  202 , opening  218 , outer surface  204 , inner surface  206 , lip  208 , outer diameter  214 , and inner diameter  216  can each be configured in substantially the same manner as the respective neck  102 , opening  118 , outer surface  104 , inner surface  106 , lip  108 , outer diameter  114 , and inner diameter  116  of the bottle  100  of  FIG. 1 , although it need not be. In the example depicted in  FIG. 2 , a material of the bottle  200  is deformed, bent, or otherwise curled from the outer diameter  114  of the opening  218  such that an edge  222  of the inward curl  210  is displaced toward the inner surface  206 . In this example, the insert  230  can be positioned at or near the opening  218  and the edge  222  of the inward curl  210  can approach or meet the insert  230  at a point or an abutment  212 . The abutment  212  can be a point of contact between the edge  222  and the insert  230 . In another example, the abutment  212  can be a region where the edge  222  of the inward curl  210  is in close proximity to the insert  230  of the bottle  200 . In some examples, the edge  222  may be glued, welded, or otherwise attached to the insert  230  at the abutment  212 , although it need not be. 
         [0024]    In some examples, the insert  230  can be a liquid flow modifier (e.g., a device for modifying a flow of a fluid in the bottle  200 ). In another example, the insert  230  can be part of a closure mechanism or device (e.g., part of a device for sealing the contents of the bottle  200 ). In some examples, the insert  230  may be more securely located at or near the opening  218  of the bottle  200  by taking advantage of the inward curl  210  and the lip  208 . For example, in the example depicted in  FIG. 2 , the insert  230  rests on the lip  208  and is confined at the top by the edge  222  of the inward curl  210  at the abutment  212 . In this position, the insert  230  may provide support to the bottle opening  218  and/or bottle neck  202 . In some examples, the insert  230  or a portion of the insert  230  may be confined, crimped, or pinched between the inward curl  210  and the inner surface  206  of the bottle  200 . As an example, the insert  230  may be snapped into place between the inward curl  210  and the inner surface  206  of the bottle  200 . As another example, the insert  230  or a portion of the insert  230  may be confined, crimped or pinched between the inward curl  210  and a constriction of the bottle  200  (e.g., a narrow inner portion of the bottle  200 ). For example, and referring to  FIG. 1 , in some examples, an insert (e.g., the insert  230 ) may also be snapped in the abutment  112 . In another example, the bottle  100  includes the lip  108  and the insert may be snapped in or confined in a space  126  between the lip  108  and the lower boundary of the inward curl  110  below the abutment  112 . In any of the above mentioned examples, an insert may be inserted prior to or after the formation of the inward curl  110 ,  210 , lip  108 ,  208 , and/or any other features of the bottle  100 ,  200 . 
         [0025]    Referring to  FIGS. 1 and 2 , in the case of damage to the inward curl  110 ,  210 , or if the manufacturing process does not properly position or seat the edge  122 ,  222  on or about the inner surface  106  and/or an insert  230 , there can be a reduced likelihood of damage or injury, collection of debris, bacterial growth, and/or loss of sealing performance. For example, the edge  122 ,  222  of the inward curl  110 ,  210 , which may be very sharp due to the manufacturing process or due to the thin gauge (e.g., thickness) of the bottle material, can be less likely to come into contact with a user as a result of the inward curl  110 ,  210 , which can prevent the sharp edge  122 ,  222  from causing cuts or other injuries to the user. As another example, the space within the inward curl  110 ,  210  can be within a sealed portion of the bottle  100 ,  200 , which can cause the space to be less likely to collect debris or provide an area for bacterial growth, as compared to an outward curl. As still another example, bottle sealing points, such as, for example, at the outer diameter  114 ,  214 , inner diameter  116 ,  216 , lip  108 ,  208 , or any another point at or about the opening  118 ,  218  of the bottle  100 ,  200 , can be further away from the edge  122 ,  222  of the inward curl  110 ,  210  and less likely to be affected by any damage or distortion to the edge  122 ,  222  of the inward curl  110 ,  210 . 
         [0026]      FIGS. 3A-G  are schematic sectional views of an exemplary crown closure bottle  300  with an inward curl  310  at various stages of manufacture, according to one example of the present disclosure.  FIGS. 3A-G  depict an example of various stages of manufacture from an uncurled bottle  300  (e.g., in  FIG. 3A ) to a finished bottle  300  (e.g., in  FIG. 3G ). In the example depicted in  FIGS. 3A-G , sectional views are shown such that a right portion of the bottle  300  is sectioned with respect to the vertical axis  324 . In this example, the bottle  300  includes a neck  302 , an outer surface  304 , and an inner surface  306 . The neck  302  includes an opening  318  at the top of the bottle  300 . 
         [0027]    In this example, the bottle  300  may begin a process of imparting an inward curl  310  as an uncurled bottle  300  (e.g., in  FIG. 3A ), which has already been molded or otherwise formed to produce features and a geometry of the bottle body (not shown) and neck  302  below the opening  318 . The uncurled bottle  300 , as depicted in  FIG. 3A , may include an upper portion  320  at or near the opening  318  and an edge  322 . The upper portion  320  may be formed into the inward curl  310  in the finished bottle  300  (e.g., in  FIG. 3G ) and, in some examples, the upper portion  320  includes all or substantially all of the material of the bottle  300  that can be used to form the inward curl  310 . In some examples, a material of the upper portion  320  may be thicker than, for example, other portions of the uncurled bottle  300 . For example, the material of the upper portion  320  can be a material that has a higher gauge or thickness than other portions of the uncurled bottle  300 . As another example, production of the uncurled bottle  300  can be tailored such that the upper portion  320  has a thicker residual material gauge or thickness than another portion of the uncurled bottle  300 . In some examples, a thicker upper portion  320  may tolerate or bear an amount of compressive stress used to form an inward curl  310  without buckling, undesirably deforming (e.g., by splitting, cracking, or other failure in the material) or other undesirable effects. 
         [0028]    In some examples, the uncurled bottle  300  depicted in  FIG. 3A  may undergo one or more processes (e.g., manufacturing processes for forming the bottle  300  or the inward curl  310 ). For example, the uncurled bottle  300  of  FIG. 3A  may undergo processing to form a lip  308 , as depicted in  FIG. 3B . The lip  308  may be formed at a position on the neck  302  that is sufficiently low such that the upper portion  320  can maintain sufficient material to be formed into the inward curl  310  at a subsequent stage of the bottle manufacturing process. In some examples, the lip  308  can be formed at any position on the neck  302  that is below the opening  318 . In some examples, when forming the lip  308 , an outer diameter  314  of the opening  318  may be set prior to performing one or more curling operations while maintaining the edge  322  as the upper-most extremity of the bottle  300 . In some examples, an insert (e.g., the insert  230  of  FIG. 2 ) may be inserted into the bottle  300  and positioned to rest on an inner surface  306  of the bottle  300 , at the lip  308 , or at any other internal feature as described above. The insert may be used as an internal form or structure such that the material of the bottle  300  can be bent around the insert to locate and/or secure the insert in the bottle  300  and/or to assist in forming a desired geometry of the lip  308 , the inward curl  310 , or any other feature of the bottle  300 . 
         [0029]    In this example, after the lip  308  is formed, the upper portion  320  may be bent, deformed, or otherwise curled to form the inward curl  310 . For example, as depicted in  FIGS. 3C-F , the inward curl  310  can be formed using rollers  500 . Each roller  500  can be a roll of any shape or size that is made of any suitable material for rolling the material of the bottle  300 . For example, each roller  500  can be a steel roller, or a roller of any other suitable material. Each roller  500  can include an entry face  502  on an entry radius  504 , a work face  506  on a work radius  508 , a support land  505  between the entry face  502  and the work face  506 , and an exit face  510  on an exit radius  512 . In the example depicted in  FIGS. 3C-F , the work face  506  includes a portion of the rollers  500  positioned between the entry face  502  and the exit face  510 . The entry face  502 , the work face  506 , and/or the exit face  510  can each be a convex and/or concave portion of the roller  500 . For example, the entry face  502  can be a convex portion of the rollers  500 , the work face  506  can be a concave portion of the rollers  500  and the exit face  510  can be another convex portion of the rollers  500 . The rollers  500  may rotate about roller axis  501  while forming the inward curl  310 . 
         [0030]    In some examples, the rollers  500  may initially be lowered toward the bottle  300 , or the bottle  300  may be raised toward the rollers  500 , into a first position to begin a process of forming the inward curl  310 . In the example depicted in  FIG. 3C , during initial engagement of the rollers  500  with the upper portion  320  of the bottle  300 , the bottle  300  and/or rollers  500  may rotate about a vertical axis  324  relative to one another, which can allow a smoother engagement of the rollers  500  with the upper portion  320  and reduce a likelihood of buckling of the upper portion  320 . In this example, as the rollers  500  axially engage the upper portion  320  and the bottle  300  and/or the rollers  500  rotate about the vertical axis  324  with respect to one another, as depicted in  FIGS. 3D-3E , the edge  322  can contact the entry face  502  and follow a curvature of the entry face  502  to feed into the support land  505  and into the work face  506 . In some examples, the upper portion  320  and edge  322  of the bottle  300  may then be curled or otherwise deformed as they follow the contours of the support land  505  and/or work face  506  and progress toward the exit face  510  of the rollers  500 . In some examples, the exit face  510  may then guide or direct the edge  322  of the partially formed inward curl  310  toward the inner surface  306  of the bottle  300 . In this manner, the entry face  502  can initially contact the upper portion  320  and/or the edge  322  to define or set an outer diameter  314  of the bottle  300  and guide the upper portion  320  and/or the edge  322  toward or into the work face  506 . The exit face  510  can subsequently receive the upper portion  320  and/or the edge  322  from the work face  506  and the exit face  510  can release the upper portion  320  and/or the edge  322  and define the inner diameter  316  of the bottle  300 , as depicted in  FIGS. 3F-G . 
         [0031]    The rollers  500  may continue to engage with the upper portion  320  of the bottle until a fully engaged position is reached, such as, for example, as depicted in  FIG. 3F-G . In the example depicted in  FIG. 3F , the roller axis  501  is at the lowest point relative to the bottle  300 . As the rollers  500  continue to engage the upper portion  320  and rotate relative to the opening  318  about the vertical axis  324 , the rollers  500  can progressively curl or deform the upper portion  320  to form a completed inward curl  310  with the edge  322  at an abutment  312  of the bottle  300 . In some examples, once the inward curl  310  is fully formed, the inward curl  310  may define an inner diameter  316  of the bottle  300  and/or bottle opening  318 . In some examples, the rollers  500  may include a sharpened edge or other cutting surface or feature that can be used to trim the upper portion  320  and/or edge  322  (e.g., while deforming the upper portion  320  to form the inward curl  310 ) to provide a uniform edge  322  at the abutment  312 . In some examples, during the curling process described above, the rollers  500  and/or the bottle  300  may continue to rotate with respect to one another about the vertical axis  324 . Rotating the rollers and/or the bottle  300  about the vertical axis  324  with respect to one another combined with the rotation of the rollers  500  about the roller axis  501  can allow the rollers  500  to smoothly form the inward curl  310  throughout the axial engagement in a continuous process. 
         [0032]    In some examples, various modifications or variations to the curling process described above with respect to  FIGS. 3A-3F  may be used to alter a shape or contour of the inward curl  310 . For example, an amount of relative engagement, speed of engagement, and/or speed of relative rotation between the rollers  500  and the upper portion  320  may be adjusted based on a particular material of the bottle  300 , a thickness of the material, a residual stress from a prior forming process in the manufacture of the bottle  300 , or any other factor. Adjusting the amount of relative engagement, speed of engagement, and/or speed of relative rotation between the rollers  500  and the upper portion  320  may alter the shape or contour of the inward curl  310 . As another example, the roller axis  501  may be parallel or offset at an angle with respect to the un-deformed upper portion  320  and/or edge  322  of the bottle  300 , which can alter the shape or contour of the inward curl  310 . In some examples, the rollers  500  may be adapted to engage the upper portion  320  of the bottle  300  radially instead of axially as shown in  FIGS. 3C-F , which can also alter the shape or contour of the inward curl  310 . As still another example, a radial distance of the rollers  500  with respect to the vertical axis  324  may be altered, with or without changes to the spacing of the entry radius  504 , work radius  508 , and/or exit radius  512  to adjust the relative positions of the inner diameter  316  and outer diameter  314  to alter the shape or contour of the inward curl  310 . 
         [0033]    In some examples, a contour, shape, dimension, or configuration of the entry face  502 , support land  505 , work face  506 , and/or exit face  510  may be adjusted to modify a shape and/or size of the inward curl  310  and the degree of contact between the edge  322  and the inner surface  306  at the abutment  312 . For example, the entry face  502  and/or the support land  505  may be contoured to provide different shapes of the upper portion  320  of the bottle  300  as described in further detail below. 
         [0034]    As depicted in  FIG. 3F , the entry face  502  and the exit face  510  may, in some examples, generally align with the outer diameter  314  and the inner diameter  316  of the bottle  300 , respectively. In some examples, the curvature and/or contour of the entry face  502 , support land  505 , work face  506 , and/or exit face  510  may affect the final outer diameter  314  and/or inner diameter  316 . For example, the final formation of the outer diameter  314  may take place during the curling operation. The curling operation may also be concurrent with other steps in the bottle manufacturing process. For example, in a case of bottle  300  that includes an insert (e.g., the insert  230  of  FIG. 2 ), the insert may be placed in the opening  318  of the bottle  300  prior to the curling process. The formation of the inward curl  310  may then crimp, pinch, or confine the insert at the abutment  312 . In some cases, the insert may be restricted between the inward curl  310  and another feature located on the inner surface  306  of the bottle  300 . In some examples, as shown in  FIG. 3F , the insert may be restricted between the inward curl  310  and the lip  308  at the space  326 . 
         [0035]    In some examples, during manufacture or forming of the inward curl  310  of the bottle  300 , one, two, or any number of rollers  500  that each rotate about a roller axis  501  may be used. Each roller  500  may have the entry face  502  on the entry radius  504 , the support land  505 , the work face  506  on the work radius  508 , and the exit face  510  on the exit radius  512  and can be configured as described above with reference to rollers  500 . Each roller  500  may axially engage the upper portion  320  of the bottle  300  while rotating about the vertical axis  324  relative to the bottle  300  to form the inward curl  310 . In some examples, the use of multiple rollers  500  may allow for additional control and/or adjustability in the production or forming of the inward curl  310 . For example, multiple rollers  500  may be used to more gradually deform or curl the upper portion  320  to shape the inward curl  310  or better distribute forces from the axial engagement of the rollers  500  over numerous points of contact with the upper portion  320 . Distribution of the forces from the axial engagement may reduce a likelihood of buckling of the inward curl  310  or may allow for faster, more efficient production of the bottle  300 . 
         [0036]    In some examples, the use of multiple rollers  500  can allow each roller  500  to be adapted for a particular function or sequence during production or forming of the inward curl  310 . For example, each roller  500  can be individually controlled to stage the axial engagement of each roller  500  with the bottle  300  in series and each roller  500  can perform a different task or portion of the full curling process to form the inward curl  310 . In some examples, the multiple rollers  500  can be arranged to allow the rollers  500  to engage the bottle  300  with progressively increasing, progressively decreasing, or varying forces. The multiple rollers  500  can also be placed at different radial distances from the vertical axis  324 . For example, the multiple rollers  500  may engage the bottle  300  in sequence from an outermost roller to an innermost roller to more progressively deform the inward curl  310 . In some examples, each roller may have a respective roller axis  501  oriented differently with respect to the bottle  300 . In some examples, the multiple rollers  500  may have substantially the same profiles on the entry face  502 , support land  505 , work face  506 , and/or exit face  510  of each roller  500 . In another example, the multiple rollers  500  may each have different profiles or contours on the entry face  502 , support land  505 , work face  506 , and/or exit face  510  of each roller  500 , which can allow each roller  500  to be adapted, configured, or controlled to perform a particular function or sequence in the curling process. In this manner, multiple rollers  500  can be staged or arranged in various configurations based on any number of factors, including, for example, a desired location of the roller, a profile or contour of the roller (e.g., a curvature or shape of the roller), a desired amount of force or pressure to be applied by the roller on the bottle  300 , etc. and the multiple rollers  500  can engage the bottle  300  as described above. 
         [0037]    While any number of individual rollers  500  may be used, in some examples, between three to six individual rollers  500  may be used. In other examples, any suitable number of individual rollers  500  may be used and the number of individual rollers  500  may be selected based on a type of the material of the bottle  300 , a thickness of the bottle  300  and/or the upper portion  320 , a shape or desired shape of the inward curl  310 , a speed of production of the bottle  300 , and/or any other factor or combination of factors. Further, while in this example, the inward curl  310  is described as being formed using rollers  500 , the present disclosure is not limited to such configurations. Rather, in some examples, the inward curl  310  can be fabricated or formed using various methods and techniques including, for example, by stamping, pressing, or any other processing methods that may deform the material of the upper portion  320  to create the inward curl  310 . 
         [0038]      FIG. 3G  depicts a schematic sectional view of the bottle  300  with a crown type closure after the completion of the curling process. The inward curl  310  depicted in  FIG. 3G  is fully formed and the edge  322  is in close proximity and/or in contact with the inner surface  306  of the bottle  300  (e.g., in close proximity of, or in contact with, the abutment  312 ). The opening  318  of the bottle  300  has an outer diameter  314  and an inner diameter  316 , which are defined by the contours of the inward curl  310 . In some examples, as depicted in  FIG. 3G , the bottle  300  may include specific features molded or shaped into the neck  302 , opening  318 , and/or inward curl  310 . For example, the outer portion of the inward curl  310  may be formed to include a taper  321  between the lip  308  and the top of the inward curl  310 . As another example, the edge  322  of the inward curl  310  and the abutment  312  between the edge  322  and the inner surface  306  may be near or above the lip  308  to define a space  326 . In some examples, a final shape of the bottle  300 , bottle opening  318 , inward curl  310 , and/or any other portions of the neck  302  may be shaped as necessary for any particular application, and may include additional features or geometries suitable for a particular use, closure system, and/or function. 
         [0039]      FIGS. 4A-4G  are schematic sectional views of an exemplary screw-type closure bottle  400  with an inward curl  410  at various stages of manufacture.  FIGS. 4A-G  depict an example of various stages of manufacture from an uncurled bottle  400  (e.g., in  FIG. 4A ) to a finished bottle  400  (e.g., in  FIG. 4G ). In the example depicted in  FIGS. 4A-G , sectional views are shown such that a right portion of the bottle  400  is sectioned with respect to the vertical axis  424 . In this example, the bottle  400  includes a neck  402 , an outer surface  404 , and an inner surface  406 . The neck  402  includes an opening  418  at the top of the bottle  400 . 
         [0040]    In this example, the bottle  400  may begin a process for imparting an inward curl  410  as an uncurled bottle  400  (e.g., in  FIG. 4A ), which has already been molded or otherwise formed to produce features and a geometry of the bottle body (not shown) and neck  402  below the opening  418 . The uncurled bottle  400 , as depicted in  FIG. 4A , includes an upper portion  420  and an edge  422  each of which can be configured in substantially the same manner as upper portion  320  and edge  322  of  FIGS. 3A-G , respectively, although they need not be. The uncurled bottle  400  depicted in  FIG. 4A  can undergo one or more processes to form threads  409  as depicted in  FIG. 4B . The threads  409  may be formed sufficiently low on the neck  402  of the bottle  400  such that the upper portion  420  maintains sufficient material to be formed into the inward curl  410  at a later stage of the bottle manufacturing process. As an example, the threads  409  may be formed below the opening  418 . In some examples, when forming the threads  409 , an outer diameter  414  of the opening  418  may be set prior to performing one or more curling operations while maintaining the edge  422  as the upper-most extremity of the bottle  400 . In some examples, an insert (e.g., the insert  230  of  FIG. 2 ) may be inserted into the bottle  400  and positioned to rest on an inner surface  406  of the bottle  400 , at the threads  409 , or at any other internal feature of the bottle  400  as described above. The insert may be used as an internal form or structure such that the material of the bottle  400  can be bent around the insert to locate and/or secure the insert in the bottle  400  and/or to assist in forming a desired geometry of the threads  409 , the inward curl  410 , or any other feature of the bottle  400 . 
         [0041]    In some examples, after the threads  409  are formed, the upper portion  420  can be bent, deformed, or otherwise curled to form the inward curl  410  in the finished bottle  400  (e.g., the finished bottle  400  of  FIG. 4G ) in substantially the same manner as described above with respect to upper portion  320  and inward curl  310  of  FIGS. 3C-F . For example, as depicted in  FIGS. 4C-F , the inward curl  410  can be formed using rollers  600 , which can be configured in substantially the same manner as the rollers  500  of  FIGS. 3C-F , although they need not be. In the example depicted in  FIGS. 4C-F , the rollers  600  include an entry face  602  on an entry radius  604 , a work face  606  on a work radius  608 , a support land  605  between the entry face  602  and the work face  606 , and an exit face  610  on an exit radius  612 . The rollers  600  may rotate about roller axis  601  while forming the inward curl  410 . The rollers  600  can be used to form the inward curl  410  from the upper portion  420  in substantially the same manner as described above with respect to rollers  500 , inward curl  310 , and upper portion  320  of  FIGS. 3C-F . As an example, the rollers  600  can engage the upper portion  420  of the bottle  400  and the bottle  400  and/or the rollers  600  may rotate about the vertical axis  424  relative to one another. As the rollers  600  axially engage the upper portion  420  and the bottle  400  and/or the rollers  600  rotate about the vertical axis  424  with respect to one another, as depicted in  FIGS. 4D-4E , the edge  422  can contact the entry face  602  of the rollers  600  and follow a curvature of the entry face  602  to feed into the support land  605  and into the work face  606 . In some examples, the upper portion  420  and edge  422  of the bottle  400  may then be curled or otherwise deformed as they follow the contours of the support land  605  and/or work face  606  and progress toward the exit face  610  of the rollers  600 . In some examples, the exit face  610  may then guide or direct the edge  422  of the partially formed inward curl  410  toward the inner surface  406  of the bottle  400 . 
         [0042]    The rollers  600  may continue to engage with the upper portion  420  of the bottle until a fully engaged position is reached, such as, for example, as depicted in  FIG. 4F , where the roller axis  601  is at its lowest point relative to the bottle  400 . As the rollers  600  continue to engage the upper portion  420  and rotate relative to the opening  418  about the vertical axis  424 , the rollers  600  will progressively curl or deform the upper portion  420  to form a completed inward curl  410  with the edge  422  at the abutment  412  of the bottle  400 . In the example depicted in  FIG. 4G , the outer portion of the inward curl  410  may be formed with a straight profile with no taper or lip. 
         [0043]      FIGS. 5A and 5B  are schematic side views of an exemplary roller  700 , which may be made from a metal, ceramic, or other suitable material, and may be used to form an inward curl as described above (e.g., the roller  500  used to form the inward curl  310  of  FIGS. 3C-F ). The roller  700  may be symmetrical about, and rotate around, a roller axis  701 . In some examples, the roller  700  may include or be divided, generally, into three portions or sections: an entry radius  704 , a work radius  708 , and an exit radius  712 . These radii  704 ,  708 ,  712  can each be convex and/or concave portions of the roller  700  along the roller axis  701  and may be ground or otherwise shaped at their surfaces to produce the shape or contours of an entry face  702 , work face  706 , and exit face  710 , respectively. The roller  700 , in some examples, may also include a support land  705  between the entry face  702  and work face  706 . The support land  705  can provide shaping and support to an outer portion of the inward curl during production. The entry face  702 , work face  706 , and exit face  710  associated with the individual radii  704 ,  708 ,  712  and/or the support land  705  may be contoured and/or shaped to accommodate a particular material (e.g., a particular material of the bottle  300  or a material of the upper portion  320  of  FIGS. 3A-F ), material gauge or thickness, production parameters (e.g., a desired rate of producing one or more bottles  300 ), the desired shape and dimensions of the inward curl, etc. The shaping, spacing, and particular contours of each of the entry face  702 , work face  706 , exit face  710 , support land  705 , and/or radii  704 ,  708 ,  712  may be particularly adapted for circular, elliptical, increasing curl radius, decreasing curl radius, partially curved, partially straight, tapered, and/or straight curl shapes. 
         [0044]    The roller  700  may have a number of varied and complex geometries to accommodate different inward curl shapes, sizes, and/or manufacturing methods. The shape, contour, and/or curvature of each of the entry face  702 , work face  706 , and/or exit face  710  may be described or defined by a series of radii, centers, and straight lines. For example, the contour of the entry face  702  may be described by an entry face radius  720  that extends between a surface of the entry face  702  and an entry face center  718 . The location of the entry face center  718  may be arbitrary or predefined, but once selected, the contour and shape of the entry face  702  may be defined by the length of the entry face radius  720  at any angle about the entry face center  718 . As another example, the work face  706  can have a work face center  722  and a work face radius  724  and the work face  706  may be defined by the work face radius  724  and the work face center  722 . The exit face  710  may be described by an exit face center  726  and an exit face radius  728 . As depicted in  FIGS. 5A-B , the face centers  718 ,  722 ,  726  may be located inside or outside the boundaries of the roller  700 , and may be on the concave or convex side of the entry face  702 , work face  706 , and/or exit face  710 , respectively. 
         [0045]    In some examples, the entry face  702 , work face  706 , and/or exit face  710  may have a constant radius or radius of curvature. In another example, the entry face  702 , work face  706 , and/or exit face  710  may have a variable radius or radius of curvature (e.g., a radius or radius of curvature that can vary along the entry face  702 , work face  706 , and/or exit face  710 ). In one non-limiting example, the roller  700  may have an entry face radius  720  of about 1.28 mm, a support land  705  of about 0.7 mm in length, a work face radius  724  of about 1.25 mm, and an exit face radius  728  of about 0.5 mm. The work face radius  724  measurement may, in some examples, be relevant for defining the curling diameter of the inward curl  310 ,  410 , as shown in  FIGS. 3 and 4 , respectively, and determining the difference between the outer diameter  314 ,  414  and the inner diameter  316 ,  416  of the bottle  300 ,  400 . 
         [0046]    Still referring to  FIGS. 5A and 5B , the shape of the roller  700  may also be partially defined by a feed-in angle  714  from the entry face  702  to the work face  706 , and a feed-out angle  716  from the work face  706  to the exit face  710 . The feed-in angle  714  is the angle of the surface of the roller  700  between the entry face  702  and work face  706 , while the feed-out angle  716  is the angle of the surface of the roller  700  between the work face  706  and exit face  710 . The feed-in angle  714  and feed-out angle  716  are measured from a line perpendicular to the roller axis  701 . A value of any of the angles  714 ,  716  may be chosen to provide a smooth surface between the entry face  702 , work face  706 , and exit face  710  and/or to facilitate the transition and formation of a bottle material through the roller  700 . In some examples, a relationship between the contour of the entry face  702 , the contour of the work face  706 , and the feed-in angle  714  may partially or wholly define the contour, size, and positioning of the support land  705 . The interaction of the entry face  702  and work face  706  at the support land  705  may be adjusted to provide different shapes and/or tapers to the outer portion of the inward curl. In some examples, the angles  714 ,  716  may be selected based on a formability and thickness of a particular material (e.g., a material of the bottle  300  or a material of the upper portion  320  of  FIGS. 3A-F ), inward curl geometry (e.g., a geometry of the inward curl  310 ), a geometry of the entry face  702 , work face  706 , and/or exit face  710 , a geometry of the support land  705 , and/or the relative dimensions of the inward curl, bottle, and/or roller  700 . In certain cases, the feed-in angle  714  may be approximately 10° and the feed-out angle  716  may be approximately 0°. However, the feed-in angle  714  and/or the feed-out angle  716  may take on any value as necessary for a particular application, and may be selected for smooth operation of the roller  700 , material properties, material thickness, or any other characteristics of the metal forming process, material, and/or final product. 
         [0047]    Different arrangements of the components depicted in the drawings or described above, as well as components and steps not shown or described are possible. Similarly, some features and subcombinations are useful and may be employed without reference to other features and subcombinations. Embodiments of the invention have been described for illustrative and not restrictive purposes, and alternative embodiments will become apparent to readers of this patent. Accordingly, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above or depicted in the drawings, and various embodiments and modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the claims below.