Abstract:
A casing for a handheld communication device includes a set of individual parts, each individual part being formed from the same metal. The set of individual parts have a purity of at least a hallmark purity level. The set of individual parts is severable from the casing without reducing the purity of the set of individual parts below the hallmark purity level.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
   The invention relates to handheld communications devices and in particular apparatus and design to allow for dismantling and recycling of parts. 
   BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
   In today&#39;s world it is important that design takes into account the destruction of a device at the end of its natural life as well as its appropriate, aesthetic and convenient operation. By including elements in the design of an article that allow for its disassembly at the end of its natural life some of the necessary conditions are in place for recycling. However, without legal compulsion it is difficult to ensure that devices are in fact recycled. 
   SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
   In accordance with one aspect of the present invention there is provided a casing for a handheld communication device defining an internal space for accommodating an engine providing the functionality of the device and including an operating face carrying a user interface having a plurality of user input elements, the casing comprising a set of elements capable of individual formation and each formed from the same predetermined metal, the metal forming each of the elements having at least a predetermined purity level the set of elements being severable from the casing without retaining residues sufficient to reduce the collective purity of the set of elements below the predetermined purity level. 
   By ensuring that sets of metal elements having predetermined purity levels are provided on an individual device, similar elements can be recycled together or collectively providing the advantage of convenience and increasing the likelihood that recycling will occur. In embodiments of the invention substantially all the metal parts of the same metal will have suitable purity levels to allow for collective recycling. 
   One additional way in which to improve the likelihood of an individual making the effort to recycle elements of a device is to make the elements themselves of sufficient intrinsic worth to warrant their retention even when the device is no longer functional. 
   In embodiments of the invention, the predetermined metal elements are formed from a precious metal. The elements are preferably mechanically, or otherwise, removably fastened to other elements of the casing. This makes it technically feasible as well as being psychologically likely that the component parts will not be discarded without recycling. The amount of precious metal is preferably significant enough to make the handset either likely to be retained or recycled. When the metals are precious it is preferable that each of the elements of the set is severable from the casing without leaving residues attached to the metal element such that if the set of elements is melted down the purity of the resultant metal is at least the predetermined purity level. 
   The precious metal parts of the set may be gold, silver, platinum or the like. When the individual parts are themselves valuable, the incentive to reuse the material is increased. The parts are preferably above a predetermined purity in order to allow like parts to be recycled together or collectively. 
   When concerned with precious metals, one measure of purity or fineness as it is sometimes coined, is a hallmark. For hallmarking gold purity is traditionally measured in carats or Karats, depending on nationality. A carat is a portion equal to 1/24. 9 carat gold is 9/24 th s gold by weight, 18 carat gold 18/24ths etc. The fineness or purity of a precious metal can also be expressed in terms of parts precious metal in 1000 parts by weight alloy. 
   The acceptable level of impurities in order for an item to be deemed pure enough to warrant a hallmark is dependent on the particular metal concerned. For example, the minimum purity for gold under the Vienna Convention is 375, silver is 800 and platinum 950. 
   For gold and silver different levels of purity are recognised in different ways. For gold hallmarking in under the Vienna Convention for example, levels of 750 and above, 585 and above and 375 and above are recognised. For silver the levels are 925, 830 and 800 and for platinum the single level of 950. 
   For articles that are marked with a hallmark, all parts excluding solder and special excluded parts such as engines and those parts that need to have particular characteristics to perform their functions, need to be at least the standard of fineness for the article. There are also requirements on the fineness of solder used in hallmarked articles. This can be used to ensure the purity of the resultant metal when recycled for future use. In embodiments hallmarked in this fashion there is an advantage that all parts have defined purity and can be conveniently recycled collectively. The individual elements are also valuable enough to encourage this activity. The collective purity of a group of elements for the purposes of this application is the purity of the resultant combination on amalgamation. This could be through melting or in other ways known to the skilled man such as dissolving. 
   In hallmarked embodiments of the invention non-metallic parts are included provided these are clearly distinguishable from the precious metal obtaining the hallmark, and that they are not plated or coloured to resemble precious metals and their extent is clearly visible. Preferably precious metal parts are solid parts and do not require support from an underframe. This ensures that items are not inadvertently included for meltdown or recycling as a set of parts. It also reduces the contaminants such as glue that may be required if such parts are allowed. Embodiments of the present invention seek to achieve this distinction for metals of the casing. 
   In embodiments of the invention it is preferable that the set of elements comprises substantially all metal elements forming part of the casing. This gives the advantage that there is only one precious metal in the article. Substantially all metal elements is defined for the purposes of this application to mean metal elements sufficient to obtain a hallmark for the article as a whole by one of the assay offices of the countries party to the Vienna Convention. This allows elements whose function requires specific characteristics, not provided by the precious metal, to be formed from more appropriate materials. This applies amongst other things to the engine providing electronic function of the communication device and the key shafts that need to be intricately turned. In embodiments of the invention, the casing may include a further set of elements formed from a different precious metal when the different materials are clearly distinguishable one from the other and can, therefore, be recycled separately. A hallmark of the more precious article can be applied to the article if the different precious metals are clearly visually distinguishable. 
   Hallmarking an article is, therefore, an easy way to ensure that the parts that appear to be metal of a similar kind are actually of at least a particular purity to allow for assured recycling. 
   In embodiments of the invention the set of elements may be gold and the predetermined purity level of 750 and above, 585 and above and 375. These are roughly equivalent to 22, 18, or 9 carat hallmarks. The gold may be white or yellow. The set of elements may optionally be platinum. 
   In some embodiments individual ones of the elements of the set are attached to the casing with solder, the solder is formed from the same predetermined metal having at least the predetermined purity level required by the Vienna Convention to enable a hallmark to be applied, 750 for gold, 550 for silver and 800 for platinum. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       FIG. 1  is a perspective view of a communication device showing one embodiment of the invention; 
       FIG. 2  shows front, rear, sides and top and bottom views of the communication device of  FIG. 1 ; 
       FIG. 3  is a schematic representation of a communication device suitable for embodiments of the present invention; 
       FIG. 4  is a section through the communication device of  FIG. 1  in the display region; 
       FIG. 5  is a perspective view of a side frame element and located rails for constructing a casing 
       FIG. 6  is a perspective view of the rear of the device with the battery cover removed; 
       FIGS. 7   a  and  7   b  are sections through the communication device of  FIG. 1  in the battery region; 
       FIG. 8  is a perspective view of the rear of the device with the battery cover in place; 
       FIG. 9  is a section through the rails; 
       FIG. 10  is a perspective view of part of the input region of the device; 
       FIG. 11  illustrates the keys with the key tips removed; 
       FIGS. 12   a ,  12   b , and  12   c  illustrate the mechanism for connecting a dedicated key to the housing; and 
       FIGS. 13   a  and  13   b  are front and rear perspective views of a bezel respectively; 
   

   DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
   Embodiments of the invention will be described in greater detail below with exemplary materials being given for some specific or individual elements of the device. In addition the exact material or surface decoration of an element can be changed. 
   The embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 1  is a communication device  1  with a hallmarked casing  2 . The casing  2  of the device has been designed to be recyclable as the requisite metal elements are 22 carat gold. 
   The casing  2  has an optically permeable front face  3  providing a display region  4  and an input region  5  that includes a key array  6 . The key array  6  includes a first group of alphanumeric keys  7 , for entering telephone numbers, writing text messages (SMS), writing names (associated with phone numbers), etc. Each of the twelve alphanumeric keys  7  is provided with a figure “0-9” or a sign “#” or “*” respectively. In an alpha mode each key is associated with a number of letters and special signs used in text editing. The key array  6  additionally comprises two soft keys  8 ,  9 , two call handling keys  10 ,  11 , two scroll keys  12 , an on/off key  13  and a dedicated key  104 . 
   The functionality of the soft keys  8 ,  9  may depend on the state of the communication device and position within the menu accessed using the scroll keys  12 . The current functionality of the soft keys  8 ,  9  can be shown in separate fields in the display region  4  just above the respective keys  8 ,  9 . 
   The two call handling keys  10 ,  11  are used for establishing a call or a conference call, terminating a call or rejecting an incoming call. 
   The two direction keys or scroll keys  12 , in the handset illustrated are placed centrally on the front surface of the communication device between the display region  4  and the group of alphanumeric keys  7  perform a scrolling function. 
   The front face  3  is overlaid with a pillow  16  providing apertures  17  to channel sound from a loud speaker  18  and providing an appropriate feel for an element of the device that will be located close to the user&#39;s ear. The front face  3  is surrounded by a bezel  19  that is made 22 carat gold. The choice of material for the bezel is one open to selection. Precious metals including gold, platinum, silver, steel amongst others would be suitable. The same applies to the material of the front face protectors. Although for the maximum benefit of the present invention all the metal elements would be formed from the same precious metal. This acts to protect the edges of the front face  3  and can help in some embodiments in securing the elements of the casing  2  together. 
   The casing  2  is formed from the front face  3  surrounded by the bezel  19 , a side frame  20  and a back cover  21 . The interface between the side frame  20  and the bezel  19  and the side frame  20  and the rear cover  21  are shielded by rails  22 ,  23  in this embodiment. The rails  22 ,  23  hide raw edges from view, and strengthen the casing. The construction of the casing  2  enables it to be opened with ease and broken down into its constituent parts for recycling. 
   The device will now be briefly discussed with reference to its functional elements. The communication device  1 , includes the key array  6 , a display  25 , an antenna  26 , an ear piece speaker  18 , a polyphonic speaker  27 , and a microphone  28 . The communication device  1  is adapted for communication via a wireless telecommunication network, e.g. a wireless network. However, the communication device could also have been designed for a cordless network.  FIG. 3  shows schematically and functionally elements of the communication device  1 . The microphone  28  records the user&#39;s speech, and the analogue signals formed thereby are A/D converted by an A/D converter before the speech is encoded in an audio part  29 . The encoded speech signal is transferred to processor  30 . The processor  30  may support software in the phone. The processor  30  also forms the interface to peripheral units of the apparatus. These may include a Random Access Memory (RAM)  31  and a Flash Read Only Memory (ROM)  32 , a SIM card  33 , the display  25 , and the key array  6 , and perhaps a browser application  34 , and a location module  35 . The browser application  34  can be used to request and receive information from the Internet. The location module  35  enables the terminal  1  to determine its current position. 
   The processor  30  communicates with a transceiver  36 , e.g. a circuit, which is adapted to send and receive messages in a telecommunication network. The telecommunications network may be a GSM or W-CDMA network, but the invention may also be applied in connection with any other network, including but not limited to other kinds of wireless networks and various forms of cordless phone systems or in dual band phones accessing sets of these systems or networks. The audio part  29  speech-decodes the signal, which is transferred from the processor  30  to the earpiece  18  via a D/A converter. 
   The ‘engine’ providing the electronic function of the device does not form part of the casing and as there are particular requirements for the materials used in providing the function is given special dispensation to not be 22 carat gold. This extends to the subframe defining the battery compartment and SIM card holder which is made from stainless steel. 
   In the illustrated embodiment the edges of the front face  3  is protected by the bezel  19  that sits around the whole of the face. The bezel  19 , in this embodiment, is formed from solid gold of the same purity as the other gold elements in the device. The solid metal bezel made from the same precious material allows the device to be hallmarked to that gold purity level. 
   As can be seen in  FIG. 1 , the bezel  19  is punctuated with front face protectors  63  whose function will be described in more detail later. These front face protectors  63  are also made from the same carat gold, and in this particular embodiment play a role in holding the casing elements together. 
   The front face protectors  63  have a tip part  64  that extends over the bezel  19  and a shaft  65  that passes through the bezel  19  and into the plastic side frame  20 . Both these parts are made of the same grade precious metal used for the other metal parts of the casing. The shaft  65  may be tightened onto the frame  20  using a nut  95  which is formed from stainless steel. This is allowable as the connection is mechanical, it is not visible and provides a better functional connection. In this case the nut stops the front face protectors from falling out of the device. In one embodiment the shafts  65  are screwed into the tips  64  at one end and into the side frame element  20  at the other although other manners of connection could be employed. The shaft  65  and tip  64  could also be one piece rather than two. The bezel  19  and the transparent face  3  are captured by the front face protector  63  and side frame element  20  as can be seen in  FIG. 7   b . The front face protectors  63  accordingly grip the transparent face  3  securely between the side frame  20  and the bezel  19 . The front face protectors  63  are only located next to the key array  6 . In order to secure the transparent face  3  around its perimeter additional stainless steel screws are added to draw the bezel  19  towards the side frame  20  and squeeze the transparent face  3  in place. In one embodiment, the screws thread through the side frame  20  and tap into the bezel  19 . These screws are not formed from the precious metal as the characteristics are not so suited to their function as the stainless steel. 
   As can be seen in  FIG. 7 , a first rail  22  is located in the interface between the side frame element  20  and the front face  3 . The rail  22  hides the discontinuity between the parts from sight and protects vulnerable edges to enhance the durability of the device  1 . The rail  22  may be a stamped metal piece extending around the perimeter of the side frame  20 . The stamped piece  68  is trapped between the side frame member  20  and the bezel  19  as these two pieces are drawn together on assembly. The stamped piece has apertures  70  that sit over corresponding projections  71  on the side frame  20  member to prevent it from being withdrawn from between the two parts when in position. The stamped piece acts as a carrier plate to which an additional extruded piece  72  is soldered to provide a seamless finish. The stamped piece  68  and the extruded piece  72  and any solder is of the same precious metal, in this embodiment, gold as the bezel and other metal parts. For this and other connections described in the specification, laser welding is an option. The solder is of the fineness necessary to allow the article to be hallmarked 22 carat gold under the Vienna convention. 
   The side frame member  20  in this particular embodiment is a plastic support  73  with an exterior cover  74 . The cover  74  may be a wood veneer or another layer such as leather or other skin provided it is not metal. The bonding agent most suitable for adhering the layer to the plastic frame member  73  will differ depending upon the materials that need to be adhered. Similarly the back cover  21  in this embodiment may have a plastic frame and be covered with for example a leather or wood veneer. With the flexible veneer materials such as leather, it is preferable for the material to be taut on the frame. This is achieved during the veneering process using conventional techniques. 
   The constructed casing  2  provides a housing for the printed circuit board  50  holding the engine components, and a battery  79 . When the device  1  is a radio telephone, the casing  2  may also provide a SIM card holder  80  to accommodate a SIM card. For operation under some radio protocols this will clearly not be necessary. 
   Returning briefly to the front of the device, located above the display region  4  is the pillow  16  so named because it designed for the user to rest his or her ear against when making a telephone call. The pillow  16  overlays the ear piece  18  of the device. The pillow  16  provides suitable apertures  17  to channel sound to the user. 
   The material of the pillow  16  can be chosen to be a material that is inherently warm to the touch. Materials that are thought to be particularly suitable are wood and leather veneers. The shape of the pillow  16  obscures part of the LCD  25 , providing opposing triangular sections  82 ,  83  that are used to indicate battery capacity and signal strength respectively. 
   To complete the structure, the casing  2  has a rear cover  21  and internal compartments  84 ,  85  suitable for retaining the engine  24  the battery  79  and in this embodiment a SIM card. The device illustrated, in common with many other radio telephones, advantageously allows access to the battery compartment  85  as the battery  79  may periodically need replacement. In order for the engine to be protected during this activity, the battery  79  is retained in a compartment providing connectors to the engine. Alongside the battery compartment  85  in this embodiment is the SIM card holder  80 . Under protocols where a SIM card is used to hold subscription information, the user may wish to remove the SIM card. The battery compartment  85  and SIM card holder  80  are provided by an internal casing element  87  that is secured to the side frame  20 . This may be formed from plastic or one of many other suitable materials. In one embodiment the compartments are formed from stamped metal sheet. The metal is preferably stainless steel for its properties, and has special dispensation as it is considered to be part of the ‘engine’ and is not visible to the purchaser. 
   The casing  2  is completed by assembling the back cover  21  to the side frame  20 . In the illustrated embodiment, the back cover  21  is formed from three pieces  96 ,  97 ,  98 . A first piece  96  overlays the antenna location. A second piece  98  covers the speaker and a third piece  97 , the battery compartment. 
   The back cover  21  may be made from ceramics which are clearly distinguishable from the precious metal parts. With ceramics, however, despite having many desirable characteristics, for locations near an antenna relevant for devices containing such an element, the dielectric constant of the material interferes with the desired transmission pattern. To provide many of their desirable characteristics without the dielectric constant becoming too high, the first piece  96  can be formed from a material with a lower dielectric constant with a suitable depth of layer deposited on it. 
   The rear casing element  96  covering the antenna is attached to frame element  20  and in the process captures the second rail  23  similar in construction to the first rail  22  between the side frame  20  and the back cover  21 . Again the rail  23  is provided with apertures  70  that are positioned over corresponding projections  71  on the side frame  20  to more securely hold the rail  23  in position when the back cover  21  is attached. 
   The second rear casing element  98  is attached to the side frame  20  in a similar manner to that described in relation to the first rear casing element. The second rear casing element  98  is formed from the same precious  22  carat gold as the other metal parts and covers the polyphonic speaker  27 . It is provided with a suitable aperture  102  to channel sound from the polyphonic speaker  27  that may be used in hands free mode and for providing an audible ring tone. This additional speaker  27  has not been optimised for use in close proximity to the ear as has the speaker  18  located beneath the pillow  16 . This allows it to be more effective as a handsfree speaker and enables a greater range of ring tones to be utilised. 
   A third rear casing element  97  covers the battery compartment  85  and the SIM card holder  80 . This element is releasably secured to the other casing elements using screws  99  to allow relatively easy access to the SIM card and battery  79 . The battery cover  97  is formed from a ceramic cover with a titanium battery cover support. The titanium is allowed as the material needs to be rigid and is not visible. In a preferred embodiment a quarter turn of a screw  100  releases the cover element  97  to allow it to be removed. The same action can disconnect the battery  79  to allow the SIM card to be removed. 
   The input region  5  comprises a key array  6 , as described above. In this embodiment, the key array is made up of a plurality of individual keys  7 - 13 . Each of these individual keys comprises a key  164  and shaft  49  extending from substantially the centre of the key  164 . The keys  164  are formed from the same precious metal. In this embodiment 22 carat gold. 
   The keys  164  are crafted into the desired shape from the same precious metal, in this embodiment, gold. The key shafts  49  are, however, stainless steel as they need to be strong and intricately turned. The key shafts are screwed into the keys so they are easily removed for separate disposal. 
   Individual keys such as dedicated key  104  are also formed from gold. However, these are attached to an elastomer undermat for water sealing. As the gold should be extractable from the casing without retaining residues, the gold is not adhered to the elastomer undermat, instead a mechanical connection is created. A protrusion  107  on the gold key having an enlarged tip  108  is forced through an aperture  109  in the elastomer undermat to hold the key firmly attached to the casing. Other single keys such as the power key are attached to the casing in a similar fashion. The metal surround  110  of this and other single keys are also formed from solid gold, crimped into the aperture in the support frame  20 . By crimping, resistant fitting and soldering using suitable purity of precious solder, the precious elements of the casing can be conveniently dismantled while retaining the required purity levels. Where appropriate laser welding can also be used. 
   By forming all the metal parts other than those with incompatible functional requirements from 22 carat gold the whole article can be hallmarked ensuring the owner has confidence that the metal parts are all of the same purity. Although the device has been described with metal parts being formed from 22 carat gold. Other precious metals could be substituted to meet recognised hallmarking criteria, or with different purity levels should that be desirable. As mentioned in the introductory portion, silver and platinum are candidates as well as both white and yellow gold of same fineness. In particular the fineness to meet the different levels of purity set out in the Vienna Convention. In other embodiments the metal parts could be formed from other recyclable metals such as steel, tin etc. 
   Aspects of the invention have been discussed with reference to a radio telephone function. It will be clear to the skilled man that these aspects apply equally to other portable communications devices supporting in addition or as an alternative other functions, such as, amongst others electronic diaries, and electronic notepads. 
   The skilled man will be aware that the materials described above in relation to specific elements of the device can be mixed and matched to suit many distinct design options. 
   The present invention includes any novel feature or combination of features disclosed herein either explicitly or any generalisation thereof irrespective of whether or not it relates to the claimed invention or mitigates any or all of the problems addressed. 
   In view of the foregoing description it will be evident to a person skilled in the art that various modifications may be made within the scope of the invention.