Abstract:
An automatic tool changing device capable of cleaning a contact surface of a spindle, which is to be in contact with a tool holder, with a simple structure. The device includes a turret having a plurality of grippers on its outer circumference and holding the tool holder by means of the grippers. At the time of tool change, the grippers grip and pull out the tool holder fixed to the spindle. Rotation of the spindle causes the turret to rotate through a spindle gear, a turret gear, and a decelerating device, to thereby select a tool. At this moment, a coolant is spouted from a nozzle portion of a manifold toward a spindle taper hole in which the tool holder is interfitted and washes the taper hole. Due to the rotation of the spindle, the coolant is spouted onto the whole circumference of the taper hole, and the surface to be in contact with the tool holder is surely washed. Therefore, it is possible to perform the cleaning with a simple structure in which the nozzle portion is arranged near the spindle without machining the spindle and the tool holder.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
       [0001]     1. Field of the Invention  
         [0002]     The present invention relates to an automatic tool changing device for a machine tool.  
         [0003]     2. Description of the Related Art  
         [0004]     In case that a tool is changed, machining accuracy on a workpiece is maintained by properly fitting a tool holder onto the spindle of a machine tool. Occasionally, however, the tool holder may not be fitted to the spindle properly because of foreign matter, such as swarf, adhered to contact surfaces of the spindle and the tool holder, which affects the machining accuracy. For this reason, there has been employed a method of cleaning a surface of a taper hole of the spindle and/or a tapered portion of the tool holder as the contact surface is cleaned by removing the swarf and the like using fluid, such as air in an operation of a tool change.  
         [0005]     There is a known method in which an air nozzle is opened in the taper hole of the spindle to which the tapered portion of the tool holder is fitted. When the tool holder is detached from the taper hole of the spindle or when a new tool is fitted to the spindle, the pressurized air is supplied from an air supply onto the contact surfaces of the tool holder and the spindle taper hole through an air hole and the air nozzle that are provided to the spindle. Thus, swarf and the like adhered to the tapered portions of the contact surfaces of the tool holder and the spindle is removed and cleaned up by the air (see JP 52-49579B, JP 47-46705B and JP 2503170B).  
         [0006]     The cleaning methods as described in the above publications, however, require an air passage to be provided to the spindle to blow air out from the spindle taper hole provided thereto through the air passage. The necessity for forming the air passage in the spindle complicates fabrication of the spindle.  
         [0007]     There is another known method in which the operation similar to the tool change is performed, and a cleaning tool, such as a brush, held by a tool changing arm is pressed towards the spindle taper hole to clean the spindle taper hole (see JP 9-29577A). In this method using the extra cleaning tool, such extra leaning tool needs to be prepared. At the same time, it is also required to carry out the cleaning operation by pressing the cleaning tool towards the spindle taper hole at the time of tool change, and thereafter to exchange a new tool with the cleaning tool on the tool changing arm. This entails an additional cleaning operation for each the tool change operation, so that it accordingly takes a long time to complete the tool change, thereby lowering operation efficiency.  
         [0008]     There is known a tool changing device in which an air passage is formed in a tool holder with an air discharge opening on a contact surface of the tool holder to be in contact with a spindle taper hole, and a tool changing arm is provided with tool gripping sections in a twin form from JP 3203598B. At the time of tool change, a tool holder attached to the spindle and a tool holder attached to a magazine pot are gripped by the two tool-gripping sections of the exchange arm. When the tool holder is held by the tool gripping section, an air passage formed at the tool changing arm and the air passage of the tool holder communicates with each other to flow air. After starting of pulling out the tool holder, the air blows out from a gap between the spindle taper hole and the tapered portion of the tool holder and sweeps away dust to clean. The magazine pot is cleaned up in the same manner. When a new tool holder is to be attached to the spindle, the cleaning is carried out in a similar way. The cleaning method described in this document requires an air passage formed in the tool holder, which makes the tool holder costly. Furthermore, since the existing tool holders have no air passage, the aforementioned method cannot be applied to the tool change using existing tool holders.  
         [0009]     In addition, there is known an automatic tool changing device in which tool allocating means allocates a tool holder to be attached to the spindle among a plurality of tool holders held by a turret by rotating the turret by transmitting rotation of the spindle to the turret through a speed reducer, and the tool holder is fitted to a tapered hole of the spindle using up-and-down motion of a spindle head, as disclosed in JP 2535479B.  
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
       [0010]     The present invention provides an improvement in an automatic tool changing device as disclosed in JP 2535479B, which has tool allocating means for allocating a tool utilizing rotation of a spindle, to clean a contact face of the spindle to be in contact with a tool holder with a simple structure.  
         [0011]     An automatic tool changing device of the present invention comprises: tool allocating means for allocating a tool holder to be attached to the spindle among a plurality of tool holders by utilizing a rotation of the spindle; and fluid spouting means for spouting fluid toward a contact surface of the spindle to be in contact with the tool holder from outside of the spindle while the tool allocating means is allocating the tool holder so as to clean the contact surface of the spindle entirely.  
         [0012]     The spindle is rotated during the allocation of the tool by the tool allocating means, so that the fluid spouted from the fluid spouting means flushes and cleans the whole of the contact surface of the spindle.  
         [0013]     The tool allocating means may allocate no tool holder and the fluid spouting means may spout fluid to the contact surface of the spindle with no tool holder attached while the spindle is rotated.  
         [0014]     The fluid spouting means may include means for spouting fluid toward a contact surface of the tool holder to be in contact with the spindle, which is allocated to be attached to the spindle by the tool allocating means, to thereby clean the contact surface of the tool holder as well as the contact surface of the spindle.  
         [0015]     The automatic tool changing device fluid spouting means may further comprise a distance sensor for measuring distance to a periphery of the tool holder attached to the spindle, and the fluid spouting means may include means for spouting fluid toward the periphery of the tool holder to be cleaned. With this arrangement, the distance between the distance sensor and the periphery of the tool holder is accurately measured to enable accurate detection of whether or not the tool holder is properly attached to the spindle. 
     
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0016]      FIG. 1  is an explanatory view of a substantial part of one embodiment of an automatic tool changing device according to the present invention;  
         [0017]      FIG. 2  is a side view of a tip end of a spindle, a manifold, and a nozzle portion according to the embodiment;  
         [0018]      FIG. 3  is a bottom plan view facing into a bottom of  FIG. 2 ; and  
         [0019]      FIG. 4  is an explanatory view for explaining a state in which a tapered portion of a tool holder is washed according to the embodiment. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
       [0020]      FIG. 1  is an explanatory view of a substantial part of one embodiment of an automatic tool changing device according to the present invention. The device of the embodiment is identical to one described in JP 2535479B, except that according to the embodiment, a manifold  4  and a nozzle portion  5  serving as fluid spouting means, and a pipe  7  for supplying fluid, such as a coolant, to the manifold  4  as the fluid spouting means are added to the automatic tool changing device disclosed in the above publication. First, a summary of a known part of the automatic tool changing device will be described.  
         [0021]     The automatic tool changing device according to the embodiment comprises an arm member  11 , a turret  2  having a plurality of grippers  2   b  on an outer circumference thereof and holding a tool holder  1   a  by means of the grippers  2   b,  a crank  12  secured onto a back face of the turret  2 , first and second cams Cs, CL fastened to a spindle head, a swing roller  12   a  provided to the crank  12 , which swings the turret  2  in consort with the first cam Cs, a lift slider  14  coupled to the crank  12  by a rotary shaft  13 , a lift link  15  coupled to the lift slider  14 , a lift lever  18  having two arm members  18   a,    18   b  fastened to the lift link  15  with a pin  16 , which rotate around a rotary shaft  17 , a lift roller  18   c  provided to the arm member  18   b  of the lift lever  18  and engaged with the second cam CL, a turret gear  2   a  disposed in the turret  2  and engaged with a spindle gear  3   b  provided to a spindle  3 , a speed reducer  9  provided to the turret  2 , which reduces and transmits rotation of the turret gear  2   a  to the turret  2  to rotate the turret  2 , and so on. The turret  2 , the turret gear  2   a  and the speed reducer  9  compose tool allocating means.  
         [0022]     Based on a tool change command, a spindle head  10  moves upward and stops at a Z-axial original point position, and orientation of the spindle is performed at the position. After the orientation is completed, the spindle head  10  moves up again. Due to this ascending motion of the spindle head  10 , the swing roller  12   a  and the first cam Cs cause the turret  2  to swing counterclockwise, and the grippers  2   b  arranged on the outer circumference of the turret  2  are engaged with grooves of the tool holder  1   a  of a tool  1  attached to the spindle  3 . Further ascension of the spindle head  10  pulls the tool holder  1   a  out of the spindle  3  as illustrated in  FIG. 1 . When the ascending motion of the spindle head  10  is finished, the spindle gear  3   b  and the turret gear  2   a  are engaged with each other. In this state, the spindle  3  is rotated to implement the allocation of a desired tool  1 . In other words, the spindle gear  3   b  rotates with the rotation of the spindle and rotates the turret gear  2   a  engaged with the spindle gear  3   b.  The speed reducer  9  reduces a speed of the rotation to rotate the turret  2 , thereby determining a turret position for obtaining the desired tool (tool holder)  1 .  FIG. 1  shows a state in which the desired tool holder  1   a  is allocated. After the desired tool holder  1   a  is selected in the aforementioned manner, the spindle head  10  moves downward, which releases the engagement between the spindle gear  3   b  and the turret gear  2   a,  fits the tool holder  1   a  to a spindle taper hole  3   a,  and causes the grippers  2   b  to retreat from the tool holder  1   a.  Due to the descending motion of the spindle head  10 , operations are implemented in inverse order to the ascending motion of the spindle head  10 .  
         [0023]     The aforementioned are about a known structure of the automatic tool changing device and a known tool change operation, as described in detail in JP 2535479B, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference. The present invention is so designed that fluid spouting means is provided to wash the spindle taper hole  3   a  functioning as an interfitting part of the tool holder  1   a  and the spindle  3  at the time of tool change. According to the embodiment shown in  FIG. 1 , there is provided the manifold  4  having the nozzle portion  5  that constitutes the fluid spouting means attached to the spindle head  10 . A coolant supplied from the nozzle portion  5  through the pipe  7  is spouted onto a contact surface of the spindle taper hole  3   a,  which is to be in contact with a tapered portion  1   b  of the tool holder  1   a,  to thereby clean the contact surface, and wash the tapered portion  1   b  of the tool holder  1   a  with the coolant spouted from the nozzle portion  5 .  
         [0024]      FIG. 2  is a side view of a tip end of the spindle  3 , the manifold  4  and the nozzle portion  5 , and  FIG. 3  is a bottom view facing into a bottom of  FIG. 2 . According to this embodiment, the nozzle portion  5  of the manifold  4  comprises a pair of spindle taper hole-washing nozzles  5   c  for washing the contact surface of the spindle taper hole  3   a,  which is to be in contact with the tapered portion  1   b  of the tool holder  1   a,  a pair of spindle end face-washing nozzles  5   b  for washing an end face of the spindle for the use of double fit tooling, a distance sensor  6  for detecting an orientation of the tool holder  1   a  attached to the spindle  3 , a pair of tool holder detection face-washing nozzles.  5   a  for washing a detection face, i.e. an outer periphery of the tool holder  1   a,  which is subjected to measurement using the distance sensor  6 , and a pair of tool holder-washing nozzles  5   d  for washing the tapered portion  1   b  of the tool holder  1   a.    
         [0025]     Connected to each of the nozzles  5   a,    5   b,    5   c  and  5   d  is a flow channel opening  8  for the coolant supplied through the pipe  7 , to thereby supply the coolant to each nozzle. As shown in  FIGS. 2 and 3 , directions of the nozzles  5   c  are set such that the coolant spouted from the spindle taper hole-washing nozzles  5   c  strikes the surface of the spindle taper hole  3   a,  which is to be in contact with the tapered portion  1   b  of the tool holder  1   a.  Directions of the spindle end face-washing nozzles  5   b  are so determined that the spouted coolant strikes the end face of the spindle  3 , with which an end face of the tool holder  1   a  is to be in contact.  
         [0026]     Directions of the tool holder-washing nozzles  5   d,    5   d  are, as shown in  FIG. 4 , adjusted such that the spouted coolant strikes the tapered portion  1   b  of the tool holder  1   a  in a state where the tool holder  1   a  is pulled out of the spindle  3  and in a state right before the tool holder  1   a  is interfitted in the taper hole  3   a  of the spindle  3 .  
         [0027]     At a tool change command, the spindle head  10  moves upward, and as stated, the positioning of the spindle  3  and the shifting thereof to the Z-axial original point are carried out. The spindle head  10  further ascends to cause the grippers  2   b  arranged on the outer circumference of the turret  2  to hold the tool holder  1   a  attached to the spindle  3 . The tool holder  1   a  is pulled out by being unclamped, and the spindle gear  3   b  and the turret gear  2   a  are engaged with each other. Subsequently, in order to select the tool holder  1   a  to be attached to the spindle  3 , the tool selecting operation is begun by rotating the spindle  3 , and the discharge of the coolant is started.  
         [0028]     The rotation of the spindle  3  causes the turret  2  to start rotating through the spindle gear  3   b,  the turret gear  2   a  and the speed reducer  9 . Since the turret  2  is rotated at a reduced speed with respect to the rotation of the spindle  3 , even if a tool is selected by rotation of a tool selection minimum unit of the turret  2 , the spindle  3  makes one or more rotations. Simultaneously with the rotation of the spindle  3 , the coolant is spouted from each nozzle, and the coolant spouted from the spindle taper hole-washing nozzles  5   c  and the spindle end face-washing nozzles  5   b  then strikes a tapered face of the spindle taper hole  3   a  and the end face of the spindle over the whole circumference, thereby washing and cleaning the faces.  
         [0029]     When the spindle  3  is rotated for tool selection, the coolant is supplied to each nozzle at the same time. Thus, with respect to the tool holder  1   a  pulled out of the spindle  3  and the tool holder  1   a  that is selected but not yet inserted in the spindle taper hole  3   a,  the coolant is spouted toward the tapered portions  1   b  of the tool holders  1   a  as illustrated in  FIG. 4 , to thereby wash and clean the tapered portions  1   b.  In other words, the tapered portions  1   b  of the tool holders  1   a  are washed with the coolant to remove swarf and the like before being accommodated in the turret  2  and before being attached to the spindle  3 .  
         [0030]     Once the tool  1  is allocated, the rotation of the spindle  3  is halted, and the spindle head  10  is made to move downward to release the engagement between the spindle gear  3   b  and the turret gear  2   a.  Furthermore, the tool holder  1   a  is interfitted in the spindle taper hole  3   a  to be clamped. The supply of the coolant is stopped at this point. Thereafter, the grippers  2   b  retreat from the tool holder  1   a,  and the tool change operation is completed.  
         [0031]     By taking advantage of rotation of the spindle  3  for tool selection before the step of selecting and attaching a new tool  1  to the spindle  3  as described above, the coolant is spouted and strikes the contact surface of the spindle taper hole  3   a,  which is to be in contact with the tapered portion  1   b  of the tool holder  1   a  and the end face of the spindle, which is put together with the end face of the tool holder  1   a,  over the whole circumference, to thereby wash these faces. In addition, the tapered portion  1   b  of the tool holder  1   a  is washed by spouting the coolant onto the tapered face of the tool holder  1   a  in the process of the tool change operation, more specifically in the step of pulling the tool holder  1   a  out of the spindle  3  and of attaching the tool holder  1   a  to the spindle  3 .  
         [0032]     As a result, the spindle  3  and the tool holder  1   a  are fitted to each other after the spindle taper hole  3   a  serving as the contact surface of the spindle  3  and the tool holder  1   a  and the surface of the tapered portion  1   b  of the tool holder  1   a  are washed and cleaned by removing a foreign object, such as swarf, with the coolant, thereby resulting in proper attachment of the tool holder  1   a  to the spindle  3 .  
         [0033]     When the tool holder  1   a  is attached to (and detached from) the spindle  3 , the coolant spouted from the tool holder detection face-washing nozzles  5   a  also washes an outer periphery of the tool holder  1   a,  which is subjected to the measurement using the distance sensor  6 . On this account, at the time the spindle  3  is caused to make one rotation, and the distance between the distance sensor  6  and the detection face of the tool holder  1   a  is accurately measured by the distance sensor  6  after the tool holder  1   a  is attached to the spindle  3 , the measurement detection face has been washed, so that there is no swarf and the like attached thereto, which enables accurate measurement. This makes it possible to detect whether the tool holder  1   a  is properly interfitted in the spindle taper hole  3   a.  If the fitting of the tool holder  1   a  to the spindle taper hole  3   a  is not properly carried out, the distance to the tool holder  1   a  which is measured by the distance sensor  6  varies according to the rotation of the spindle  3 . Therefore, based on a variation value, it is possible to determine if the tool holder  1   a  is properly attached to the spindle  3 .  
         [0034]     According to the above embodiment, the taper hole  3   a  of the spindle  3 , which serves as the contact surface of the spindle  3  and the tool holder  1   a,  and the tapered portion  1   b  of the tool holder  1   a  are washed and cleaned with the coolant at the time of tool change. However, the spindle taper hole and the spindle end face may be washed and cleaned by causing the turret  2  to carry out the tool change operation after selecting a place having no tool to create a state in which the tool holder  1   a  is not fitted in the taper hole  3   a  of the spindle  3 , rotating the spindle  3  at a high speed, and simultaneously spouting the coolant from the spindle taper hole-washing nozzles  5   c  and the spindle end face-washing nozzles  5   b.  In this case, the high-speed rotation of the spindle produces a velocity differential between the coolant and the spindle, and high washing property can be achieved by the velocity differential.  
         [0035]     Although in each of the aforementioned embodiments, the coolant is used as means for washing and cleaning the spindle taper hole  3   a  and the tool holder  1   a,  another fluid or pressurized air may be used in place of the coolant.  
         [0036]     According to the present invention, in the automatic tool changing device having the tool allocating means that performs tool selection by utilizing the rotation of the spindle, the fluid spouting means is disposed in the vicinity of the spindle, and the fluid is spouted onto the contact surface of the spindle that rotates during the tool selection, which is to be in contact with the tool holder. Thus, the spouted fluid strikes the entire contact surface, to thereby remove a foreign object, such as swarf, adhered to the surface, and wash and clean the surface. Only by providing the fluid spouting means, it is possible to efficiently wash and clean the contact surfaces of the spindle and the tool holder with a simple and inexpensive structure.  
         [0037]     Furthermore, since the spindle is rotated at a high speed with no tool holder attached to the spindle, and simultaneously the fluid is spouted from the fluid spouting means onto the surface of the spindle, with which the tool holder is to be in contact, the velocity differential between the spouted fluid and the spindle makes it possible to efficiently wash the surface of the spindle, with which the tool holder is to be in contact, and then to achieve high washing property.  
         [0038]     Furthermore, it is also possible to wash the contact surface of the tool holder, which is to be in contact with the spindle, by spouting the fluid from the fluid spouting means. As a consequence, the contact surfaces of the spindle and the tool holder can be more reliably washed and cleaned.