Abstract:
Assembly provided with at least one shielded connector ( 2, 12, 17, 50 ) and a board ( 1 ), each shielded connector being connected to a predetermined side of said board ( 1 ) and being provided with at least one signal contact member ( 3 ) fitted in a hole ( 7 ) of the board ( 1 ), the connector having a shielded housing ( 61 ) to shield each signal contact member ( 3 ), wherein the board ( 1 ), except in areas where connectors ( 2, 12, 17, 50 ) are fitted to the board ( 1 ), is provided with a first continuous electrically conductive layer ( 9 ) on one side and a second continuous electrically conductive layer ( 10 ) on the opposite side, each of the shielded connector housings being electrically connected to one of said layers ( 9, 10 ), in order to prevent electromagnetic radiation generated by any of said signal contact members ( 3 ) from propagating to the outside world.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/410,967, filed on Oct. 5, 1999, now abandoned, which is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/765,772, filed on Jan. 13, 1997, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,961,349, both of which are herein incorporated by reference. 
    
    
     1. FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to an assembly comprising at least one connector and a board, each connector being connected to a predetermined side of said board and comprising at least one signal contact member fitted in a hole of the board, the connector comprising electrically conductive connector shielding means to shield each signal contact member. 
     2. PRIOR ART 
     Such an assembly is known from U.S. Pat. No. 4,874,319, which is assigned to the Applicant of the present Patent Application and describes a connector-board connection to reduce the adverse effects of electromagnetic radiation generated by signal contact members extending from the connector into the board. The known connector comprises a series of leaf-type spring ground contacts positioned on opposite sides of the signal contact members within the connector. A right-angle connection is present between the connector and the board. To establish this right-angle connection, the signal contact members and the leaf-type spring ground contacts each extend from the rear side of the connector and are bend over 90°. However, the signal contact members extend, unshielded, through corresponding through-holes in the board and are not entirely shielded. When very high frequencies, e.g. within the frequency range from 50 MHz to 15 GHz, are used they still act as antennas radiating undesired electromagnetic radiation. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 4,697,858 discloses connections between a backplane and several printed circuit boards (pcb&#39;s) (FIG. 5). One side of the backplane carries several chip elements each having several terminals. For example as shown in FIG. 7, some of those chip terminals are connected to inner bus lines within the backplane through blind holes reaching as deep as the depth of the corresponding bus lines. Other chip terminals are connected to an inner ground plane through blind holes reaching as deep as the depth of that inner ground plane. Still other signal carrying chip terminals are connected to signal pins extending from the pcb&#39;s by means of signal contact members extending entirely through the backplane. These signal contact members extend from connectors accommodating the pcb&#39;s and being arranged at the side of the backplane opposite the side carrying the chip elements. None of said connectors is shielded and the signal contact members extend unshielded through said backplane. The bus line within the backplane is situated between two separate ground planes in order to establish a well defined impedance level. No EMC protective measures are provided for. 
     The present invention starts from the problem that in existing equipment signal contact members of a connector connected to a board, e.g. a pcb or a backplane, extend entirely through plated through-holes and generate electromagnetic radiation also at the opposite side of the board. This will be explained referring to FIG.  1 . FIG. 1 shows a connection between a connector  42  and a board  41 , e.g. a pcb or a backplane. One signal contact member  43  is schematically shown extending from the connector  42  through a plated through-hole  40 . It is to be understood that “signal contact member” is to be conceived as referring to those contact members of the connector  42  that are intended to carry signals during operation, i.e. the not-ground members. 
     The connector  42  is provided with an electrically conductive layer  47  to shield contact member  43 . Therefore, connector  42  is suited as coaxial connector. 
     In existing connector-board connections each signal contact member  43  extends from the through-hole  40  at the side of the board  41  opposite the connector  42  or at least reaches the other side of the board  41 , as shown in FIG. 16 of International Patent Application WO-NL-94/00075 filed on Apr. 12, 1994, by the Applicant of the present Patent Application. Since the end part of the signal contact member  43  extending from the board  41  is not shielded it acts like an antenna and radiates electromagnetic radiation which might induce cross-talk or affect adjacent circuit elements. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The object of the present invention is to provide an assembly of a board and at least one connector in which each signal contact member of each connector is prevented from radiating any undesired electromagnetic radiation to the outside world. 
     To reach this object the assembly according to the invention is characterized in that said connector shielding means comprises a shielded connector housing enclosing each contact member, that each hole is provided with an electrically conductive layer on its inside surface, and that the board, except in areas where connectors are fitted to the board, is provided with a first continuous electrically conductive layer on one side and a second continuous electrically conductive disposed in opposed relation to the first electrically conducting layer, each of the shielded connector housings being electrically connected to one of said layers, in order to prevent electromagnetic radiation generated by any of said signal contact members from propagating to the outside world. By the application of these measures all shielding of the individual connectors and the electrically conductive layers on both sides of the board provide a substantially leakproof shield against electromagnetic radiation from the contact members. When the connectors have a coaxial or twinaxial function, such function is retained. By the application of the electrically conductive layer on the inside surface of each hole contact areas for connecting the signal contact members to other circuit elements, e.g. by means of a signal layer within the board, are provided. 
     Preferably, the board comprises at least one electrically conductive blind hole and at least one signal layer electrically connected to said conductive blind hole, each signal contact member being fitted in a corresponding blind hole. 
     If required, one of said electrically conductive layers may be covered with an insulating layer, e.g. to protect said layer from engaging other metal parts carrying a certain voltage. 
     In one embodiment of the assembly according to the invention a first connector is connected to one side of the board and a second connector is connected to the opposite side of said board and one contact member of the first connector is fitted in a first hole and one contact member of the second connector is fitted in a second hole, the first and second holes being aligned with each other. Since connectors may be connected to the board opposite to each other and with aligned contact members package density may be increased. 
     In such an embodiment, a ground layer may also be provided within the board, separating the first and second holes. 
     Said first and second holes may be parts of one electrically conductive through-hole in such a way that said contact member of the first connector is electrically connected to said contact member of the second connector. 
     Each contact member may carry a signal in the frequency range of 50 MHz to 15 GHz. The assembly according to the invention provides excellent shielding against the antenna action of each contact member, even in this range of frequencies. 
     Each blind hole may have a depth less than 1.5 mm and a diameter less than 1.2 mm. These dimensions may be obtained with current manufacturing methods and allow for the application of blind holes in pcb&#39;s which usually have a thickness of about 1.6 mm or more. Moreover, these dimensions stimulate the progress of miniaturization in connector technology which is becoming more and more important but which demands increasing countermeasures against the adverse effects of the antenna action of signal carrying contact members, especially in high frequency applications. 
     Preferably, each signal contact member is fitted to its corresponding hole by means of a press-fit connection. Such a connection offers great manufacturing advantages. However, alternatively, each signal contact member may be fitted to its corresponding hole by means of a solder connection. As a further alternative, contact members may be fitted into sockets inserted into the holes of the board. 
     The invention is also directed to a board of an assembly defined above, which board comprises at least said first electrically conductive layer on one side and said second electrically conductive layer disposed in opposed relation to the first electrically conducting layer, said layers being continuous except in areas where connectors are to be fitted, wherein holes for fitting contact members of said connectors are provided in the board within said areas, each hole being provided with an electrically conductive layer on its inside surface. 
     Other object and further scope of applicability of the present invention will become apparent from the detailed description below, taking in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which similar parts are designated by identical reference numbers. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 is an assembly of a typical enhanced connector and a board connected together according to the prior art; 
     FIG. 2 is an assembly of a connector and a board connected together according to the present invention; 
     FIG. 3 shows an alternative assembly between some connectors and a board according to the invention; 
     FIG. 4 is an enlarged cross sectional view of a blind hole in a board according to the invention; 
     FIG. 4 a  is an enlarged cross-sectional view of an alternative embodiment of the board having an insulating layer covering a conductive layer. 
     FIGS. 5 a  to  5   d  show enlarged views at level V—V in FIG. 4 of possible cross sections of blind holes accommodating press-fit contact members, and 
     FIGS. 6 and 7 show cross sections of sockets which may be inserted in holes in a board according to the invention. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of a connection between a connector  2  and a board  1  according to the invention. The connector  2  is provided with an electrically conductive layer  61 . The board  1  may be a printed circuit board (pcb), a backplane or any other suitable substrate. Two signal contact members  3  of the connector  2  extend from the connector  2  into a board  1  in corresponding blind holes  7 . To prevent any radiation from the signal contact members  3  to reach the outside world, the connector  2  is shielded by appropriate shielding means. As known to a person skilled in the art, this shielding may be obtained by providing a plastic connector coated with a conductive layer which is connected to ground. Alternatively, the connector  2  may comprise a separate metal housing enclosing all signal contact members. The shielding of connector  2  is connected to a ground line or ground plane  9  arranged on the same side of board  1  as the connector  2 . The connection between the ground line or ground plane  9  and the conductive layer  61  of connector  2  may be established by appropriate hold down means  8  which are known to persons skilled in the art. 
     Each of the blind holes  7  are plated with an appropriate metallic coating. Said metallic coating contacts a signal layer  4  and/or  5 . By selecting a predetermined distance between the signal layer  4 ,  5  and the ground plane  9  the impedance of said line  4 ,  5  can be predetermined, thereby providing the possibility of impedance matching to the connector  2 , as is known to persons skilled in the art. 
     The signal contact members  3  are fitted into the blind holes, e.g. by a press-fit method or by soldering. Each signal contact member  3  may be equipped with additional extensions to enhance electrical contact between each signal contact member and its corresponding blind hole. (This will be explained later by referring to FIG.  5 ). 
     A ground plane  10  is arranged on the side of the board  1  opposite to the connector  2 . 
     Since none of the signal contact members  3  extends from the side of the board  1  opposite the connector  2  and that side is covered with the ground plane  10  no disturbing radiation from the signal contact members  3  can be radiated to the area below ground plane  10  (the term “below” is meant to indicate the area at the side of the ground plane  10  opposite the connector  2  and does not pose any limitation as to the scope of the invention). 
     If required either ground  9  or ground plane  10  or both may be provided with an insulating layer  74  (see FIG. 4 a  ) to prevent undesired short circuits to other electrical components or elements. 
     FIG. 3 shows a further embodiment of an assembly according to the invention. In FIG. 3 the board  1  is connected to four shielded connectors  2 ,  12 ,  17 ,  50 . Connector  17  has one signal contact member  11  and is provided with an electrically conductive layer  62 . Also connector  12  has one signal contact member  13 . It is to be understood that the number of signal contact members shown either in FIG. 2 or FIG. 3 is not meant in a limiting way. FIG. 3 shows that the signal contact member  11  is fitted into a plated blind hole  37  which electrically contacts signal layer  4 . Signal layer  4  also electrically contacts plated blind hole  27  receiving one of the signal contact members  3  of connector  2 . 
     Connectors  12  and  50  are connected to the side of board  1  opposite the connectors  2 ,  17 . Connector  12  is connected to the board  1  by the signal contact member  13  which is fitted into a plate blind hole  28  which electrically contacts a signal line  16  within the board  1 . Connector  12  comprises an electrically conductive layer  63  which is connected to the ground plane  10  by appropriate hold down means  29 . To prevent radiation generated by the signal contact members  3  and  11  to reach the opposite side of the board  1  a further ground plane  15  is arranged within the board  1  separating blind hole  27  in the board  1  from the blind hole  28  in the opposite side of board  1 . 
     Blind holes in one side of the board  1  may be non-aligned with blind holes in the opposite side of board  1 . However, as shown in FIG. 3 some of them may be aligned. FIG. 3 shows that blind hole  27  into which one of the signal contact members  3  of connector  2  is fitted is aligned with blind hole  28  in the opposite side of board  1 . To prevent cross talk between the signal contact member  3  fitted into blind hole  27  and signal contact member  13  fitted into blind hole  28  further ground plane  15  continuously extends between the end parts of signal contact member  3  and signal contact member  13 , respectively, as schematically depicted by reference number  14 . 
     The board  1  with aligned blind holes  27  and  28  may be manufactured by the following steps: forming a subassembly by pressing together under elevated temperature and pressure several board layers (for example 8), each 0.1 mm thick and each being appropriately provided with plated through-holes at predetermined locations—holes of all board layers being aligned at desired locations; pressing the electrically conductive ground plane  15  on said continuous substrate; pressing a further 0.1 mm thick substrate on said electrically conductive ground plane  15 ; pressing several further board layers (e.g. 8) each 0.1 mm thick and each provided with plated through-holes at predetermined locations—holes of all board layers being aligned—on said further substrate. Other manufacturing methods are possible. Conductive ground plane  15  may, for example, be an insulating, e.g. woven glass fibre resin material FR 4 , substrate coated with copper or any other metal. 
     Drilling blind holes in a board  1  is, in principle, also possible. However, the stacking method to produce the multilayer board  1 , referred to above is more appropriate since after plating drilled blind holes, in practice, often a conical shape of the plated blind hole having the smallest diameter at the surface of the board will result. This aggravates the ease of insertion of a contact member into such a blind hole. Moreover, such a conical shape of plated blind holes may lead to bad electrical contacts between the plated blind holes and inserted contact members. 
     FIG. 3 further shows the connector  50  provided with an electrically conductive layer  64 , which is connected to ground layer  10  with appropriate hold down means. Connector  50  comprises a contact member  51  extending in a plated blind hole reaching as deep as the conductive layer  5 . Contact member  51  is, therefore, electrically connected to conductive layer  5 . To prevent a short circuit to ground plane  15  the latter is provided with a through-hole large enough to prevent electrical contact with contact member  51 . 
     It is to be understood that it is also possible to provide one or more plated through-holes through board  1  instead of blind holes which through-holes receive one contact member of a shielded connector at one side of the board and another contact member of another shielded connector at the other side of the board thereby establishing electrical contact between both contact members. 
     FIG. 4 shows an enlarged view of a blind hole  7  in a board  1  into which a signal contact member  3  is fitted. The blind hole  7  is plated with an electrically conductive layer  44  which electrically contacts the signal line  4  within the board  1 . To ease insertion of the signal contact member  3  into the blind hole  7  the edge  39  of blind hole  7  to the side surface of board  7  is bevelled. 
     It is to be noted that in FIG. 4 the connector housing  2  and the ground plane  9  are left out for clarity only. 
     The maximum diameter d 1  of blind hole  7  is, preferably, less than 1.5 mm, whereas the diameter d 2  of blind hole  7  within the board  1  is preferably less than 1.2 mm and the depth h of blind hole  7  might be less than 1.5 mm. If the depth is smaller than 1.5 mm then two opposite aligned blind holes (like  27 ,  28  in FIG. 3) in a 3.2 mm thick pcb are possible. Press-fitting in plated through-holes having a diameter of about 0.6 mm in a pcb having a thickness of 1.6 mm has already been proposed in international patent application WO-NL-94/00075, filed Apr. 12, 1994, mentioned above. 
     The cross section of a press-fit contact member may have different shapes. FIGS. 5 a  to  5   b  show different appropriate shapes of press-fit contact members  3  engaging the electrically conductive coating  44  of the blind hole  7 . In FIG. 5 d  the signal contact member  3  is provided with an extension  6  which is arranged to establish a retention force between the signal contact member  3  and the blind hole  7  when the signal contact member  3  is fitted into the blind hole  7 . Further details of such mini press-fit connections are described in international patent application WO-NL-94/00075, mentioned above, and all details as to these retention means  6  are enclosed in the present patent application by reference. 
     It is to be understood that although all FIGS. 5 a  to  5   d  relate to press-fit connections, alternatively, solder connection means are also possible, e.g. the use of additional solder paste which are reflow establishes a permanent soldered connection. However, press-fit is preferred because of the additional ease of reparability. Moreover, the holes need not be plated. 
     Any other means to manufacture a conductive hole may be used, such as a conductive sleeve or an electrically conductive socket. 
     FIG. 6 schematically shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of a miniature insert socket  71  inserted in a blind hole  72 . For further details of insert socket  71 , reference is made to U.S. Pat. No. 3,681,738 assigned to Berg Electronics, Inc. All details of insert socket  71  disclosed by U.S. Pat. No. 3,681,738 are included in the present invention by reference. The insert sock  71  may be soldered in the blind hole  72  by solder  73  which improves electrical contact to signal layer  74 . 
     FIG. 7 schematically shows an alternative socket  81  which may be used in the present invention. The socket (or griplet)  81  is inserted into blind hole  82  and may, if desired, be connected to the side wall of blind hole  82  by solder  83 . By using solder  83  electrical contact between signal layer  84  and socket  81  is improved. Socket  81  is known as such from U.S. Pat. No. 3,504,328 assigned to Berg Electronics, Inc., the content of which is included in the present invention by reference. 
     It may be clear to persons skilled in the art that FIGS. 6 and 7 show examples of sockets and holes applicable in the present invention. Other sockets may be used. Moreover, through-holes may be applied instead of blind holes and the application of sockets is not restricted to one signal layer  74 ,  84  only.