Abstract:
The amount of buoyancy a object has is based on the amount of liquid the object displaces, and the weight of the object. If a submersed object increases in size its buoyancy increases, and if a submersed object decreases in size its buoyancy decreases. This machine attempts to change the size/buoyancy of a submersed object using only gravity as the energy source.

Description:
This is a Continuation in Part application for a invention entitled—A MACHINE TO CONVERT GRAVITY TO MECHANICAL ENERGY. Application Ser. No. 11/906,464 Filing date Oct. 2, 2007 now U.S. Pat. No. 7,770,389 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Field of Invention 
     The present invention relates to energy production, more particularly converting gravity to mechanical energy and/or heat. 
     BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Machine # 1   
     The improvements are as follows; 
     1. The Piston-like tanks full of liquid ( 1 ) are no longer full of liquid ( 11 ). The liquid has been replaced by a heavy metal weight ( 37 ) and gas ( 47 ). 
     2. The Piston-in-a-tank ( 21 ) no longer fall individually. The Piston-in-a-tank ( 21 ) now fall as a continuous column, greatly reducing the drag. 
     3. There is a breather tube ( 28 ), the breather tube allows more gas ( 47 ) into the expanding Piston-in-a-tank ( 21 ). 
     4. There are transfer solenoids ( 24 ,  25 ,  68 ) to move the rapidly moving Piston-in-a-tank ( 21 ) 
     5. There is a sump pump ( 40 ) and a gas valve ( 46 ) to remove any liquid ( 11 ) or gas ( 47 ) that accumulates in the Piston-in-a-tank ( 20 , 21 ). 
     6. There is a collapsible stop ( 26 ) that forces gas ( 47 ) into the Piston-in-a-tank ( 21 ). 
     7. There is a heat exchanger ( 61 ) and radiator ( 62 ) added. 
     Machine # 3   
     The amount of buoyancy a object has is based on the amount of liquid the object displaces, and the weight of the object. If a submersed object increases in size its buoyancy increases, and if a submersed object decreases in size its buoyancy decreases. A submersed object that weights the same as the liquid it displaces will have neutral buoyancy. If the size of a object with neutral buoyancy increases the object will float-up doing work, and if the size of a object with neutral buoyancy decreases the object will sink also doing work. This machine attempts to change the size of a submersed object with neutral buoyancy using only gravity as the energy source. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Original Machine 
         FIG. 1  is a side view of the original piston full of liquid in the un-expanded position ( 1 ). 
         FIG. 2  is a side view of the original piston-like tank full of liquid in the expanded position ( 2 ). 
         FIG. 3  is a top view of the original piston-like tank full of liquid. 
         FIG. 4  is the flow chart for the original invention. 
       Machine # 1   
         FIG. 5  is the flow-chart for the first machine. 
         FIG. 6  is a bottom view of the flow-chart. 
         FIG. 7  is a bottom view of a flow chart. In  FIG. 7  there are three transfer solenoids ( 68 ), and three ( 69 ) combination rigid track ( 29 ), generator ( 23 ), and Piston-in-a-tank ( 20 ). 
         FIG. 8  is a side view of the Piston-in-a-tank ( 21 ) with the piston ( 34 ) in the up position. with the bottom door closed ( 36 ). 
         FIG. 9  is a side view of the Piston-in-a-tank ( 20 ) with the piston ( 35 ) in the down position. with the bottom door ( 38 ) open. 
         FIG. 10  is a side view of the Piston-in-a-tank ( 20 ) with the piston ( 35 ) in the down position. with the bottom door ( 36 ) closed. 
         FIG. 11  is a top view of the Piston-in-a-tank ( 20 , 21 ). The Piston-in-a-tank are cylinders. 
         FIG. 12  is a side view of the collapsible stop in the expanded position ( 26 ). 
         FIG. 13  is a side view of the collapsible stop in the un-expanded position ( 55 ). 
         FIG. 14  is a side view of the bottom solenoid ( 25 ) in the un-extended position. 
         FIG. 15  is a top view of the bottom solenoid ( 25 ) in the un-extended position. 
         FIG. 16  is a side view of the bottom solenoid ( 25 ) in the extended position. 
         FIG. 17  is a top view of the bottom solenoid ( 25 ) in the extended position. 
         FIG. 34  is a side view of the bottom solenoid ( 25 ) in the un-extended position after it sucks the liquid ( 11 ) out of the way of the falling Piston-in-a-tank ( 21 ). 
         FIG. 35  is a top view of the bottom solenoid ( 25 ) in the un-extended position after it sucks the liquid ( 11 ) out of the way of the falling Piston-in-a-tank ( 21 ). 
       Machine # 2   
         FIG. 18  is a side view of the tank ( 75 ) with the piston ( 81 ) in the un-extended position. 
         FIG. 19  is a side view of the tank ( 76 ) with the piston ( 80 ) in the extended position. 
         FIG. 20  is a side view of the tank ( 91 ) in the top position ( 93 ). With the piston ( 80 ) in the extended position. 
         FIG. 21  is the tank ( 92 ) after it changed from tank ( 91 ) at the top position ( 93 ). 
         FIG. 22  is a flow-chart for the machine. 
         FIG. 23  is a different version of a tank. In  FIG. 23  the heavy metal weight ( 100 ) extends all the way across the top of the piston. Also there are bearings ( 103 ) between the heavy metal weight and the piston 
         FIG. 24  shows the heavy metal weight ( 100 ) falling all the way to the bottom of the extended piston. Also in  FIG. 24  there is a return spring ( 102 ) for the extended piston. 
         FIG. 25  is a top view of the tank ( 75 , 76 ). The tank ( 75 , 76 ) is a cylinder. 
       Machine # 3   
         FIG. 26  is a flow-chart for the machine. 
         FIG. 27  is a tank-car with neutral buoyancy. The cylinder full of heavy metal ( 111 ) is extended out of the tank-car ( 247 ). The cylinder full of gas ( 116 ) is inside the tank-car ( 247 ) The piston ( 212 ) is in the starting position. 
         FIG. 28  is a tank-car ( 242 ) with positive buoyancy, The cylinder full of heavy Metal ( 111 ) has fallen down into the tank-car ( 242 ), pulling the cylinder full of gas ( 116 ) out of the tank-car. The cylinder full of gas ( 116 ) has greater volume than the cylinder full of heavy-metal ( 111 ). 
         FIG. 29  is a tank-car ( 243 ) in the top position ( 224 ) on the flow-chart. 
         FIG. 30  is the tank-car ( 244 ) changing from positive to negative buoyancy. The cylinder full of gas ( 116 ) is now inside the tank-car. 
         FIG. 31  is the tank-car ( 245 ) with negative buoyancy. The cylinder full of heavy Metal ( 111 ) attached to the piston ( 212 ) has fallen out of the tank-car. Spring ( 214 ) is compressed. The tank-car ( 245 ) is past ( 225 ) on the flow-chart. 
         FIG. 32  is the tank-car ( 246 ) in the bottom position. ( 222 ) on the flow-chart 
         FIG. 33  is a top view of the tank-car. 
         FIG. 36  and  FIG. 37  are variations of machine # 3 . 
     
    
    
     
         
         Number  1  is a piston-like tank full of liquid ( 1 ) in the un-expanded position. 
         Number  2  is a piston-like tank full of liquid ( 2 ) in the expanded position. 
         Number  3  is a retractable stop. 
         Number  4  is the starting position for the original machine. 
         Number  5  is a stop, 
         Number  6  is where the piston-like tank full of liquid in the expanded position ( 2 ) attaches to the load. 
         Number  7  is where the piston-like tank full of liquid in the expanded position ( 2 ) is released from the load. 
         Number  8  is the upper stop. 
         Number  9  is the load. 
         Number  10  is the track. 
         Number  11  is the liquid outside the piston-like tank. 
         Number  12  is a large tank full of liquid ( 11 ). 
       
    
     Machine # 1   
     
         
         Number  20  is the Piston-in-a-tank with the piston ( 35 ) in the down position. 
         Number  21  is the Piston-in-a-tank with the piston ( 34 ) in the up position. 
         Number  22  is the start position on the flow chart. ( FIG. 5 ) 
         Number  23  is a generator. 
         Number  24  is the top transfer solenoid. 
         Number  25  is the bottom transfer solenoid 
         Number  26  is the collapsible stop. 
         Number  27  is the liquid line. 
         Number  28  is the gas breather tube. 
         Number  29  is a the rigid track. 
         Number  31  and  32  are arrows indicating direction of movement. 
         Number  33  is the liquid inside the Piston-in-a-tank ( 20 , 21 ). 
         Number  34  is the piston in the up position. 
         Number  35  is the piston in the down position. 
         Number  36  is the bottom door in the closed position. 
         Number  37  is the heavy metal weight. 
         Number  38  is the bottom door in the open position. 
         Number  39  is a liquid ( 33 ) passage. 
         Number  40  is a sump pump with a heavy metal weight. 
         Number  41  is a pressure equalizer valve 
         Number  42  is a float for the bottom door. 
         Number  43  are valves to let liquid ( 11 ) in. 
         Number  44  are cylinder walls with a seal and lock for the piston ( 35 ). 
         Number  45  is a return spring for the sump pump. 
         Number  46  is a combination retractable stop and gas valve in the extended position. 
         Number  47  is the gas inside the Piston-in-a-tank ( 20 , 21 ) and the breather tube ( 28 ) and collapsible stop ( 26 , 55 ). 
         Number  48  is a combination retractable stop and gas valve in the retracted position. 
         Number  49  is the top gas valve in the collapsible stop ( 26 ) in the open position. 
         Number  50  is the top part of the collapsible stop ( 26 , 55 ). 
         Number  51  is the return spring in the collapsible stop ( 26 ) in the extended position. 
         Number  52  is a arrow indicating direction of movement. 
         Number  53  is the bottom valve in the collapsible stop ( 26 ) in the closed position. 
         Number  54  is the top gas valve in the collapsible stop ( 55 ) in the closed position. 
         Number  55  is the collapsible stop in the collapsed position. 
         Number  56  is the bottom valve in the collapsible stop ( 55 ) in the open position. 
         Number  57  is the return spring in the collapsible stop ( 55 ) in the un-extended position. 
         Number  58  is a arrow indicating direction of movement. 
         Number  60  is a pressure powered sump pump. When the collapsible stop ( 26 ) collapses the increasing gas ( 47 ) pressure forces any liquid ( 11 ) in the collapsible stop ( 55 ) out. 
         Number  61  is a heat exchanger. ( FIG. 5 ) 
         Number  62  is a radiator 
         Number  63  is a large tank 
         Number  64  is the return line for the radiator ( 62 ). 
         Number  65  is the intake line for the heat exchanger ( 61 ) 
         Number  66  is a pump. 
         Number  67  is a line from the heat exchanger ( 61 ) to the radiator ( 62 ) 
         Number  68  are transfer solenoids arranged in a cycle. ( FIG. 7 ) The falling Piston-in-a-tank ( 21 ) must be removed from the bottom position and added to the top position as quickly as they fall, the rate they fall will determine the number of transfer solenoids ( 68 ) and combination rigid track ( 29 ), generator ( 23 ), and Piston-in-a-tank ( 20 ). 
         Number  69  is a combination rigid track ( 29 ), generator ( 23 ), and Piston-in-a-tank ( 20 ). 
         Number  70  is push-rod for the bottom solenoid. ( 25 ) 
         Number  71  is the suction cup for the bottom solenoid ( 25 ) 
         Number  72  are one way valves on the suction cup ( 71 ). 
       
    
     Machine # 2   
     
         
         Number  73  is the liquid. 
         Number  74  is a rigid track. 
         Number  75  is the tank with the piston ( 81 ) in the un-extended position. 
         Number  76  is the tank with the piston ( 80 ) in the extended position 
         Number  77  is the heavy metal weight in the top position. 
         Number  78  is the heavy metal weight in the bottom position. 
         Number  79  is a cable that attaches the heavy metal weight ( 77 , 78 ) to the piston ( 80 , 81 ) 
         Number  80  is the piston in the extended position. 
         Number  81  is the piston in the un-extended position 
         Number  82  is a combination retractable stop and gas valve in the retracted position. 
         Number  83  is a combination retractable stop and gas valve in the extended position. 
         Number  84  is a combination cylinder seal and piston ( 80 ) lock. 
         Number  85  is a movable pulley. 
         Number  86  is a bracket that connects the moveable pulley ( 85 ) to the piston ( 80 , 81 ) 
         Number  87  is a connector for the cable ( 79 ) to the heavy metal weight ( 77 , 78 ). 
         Number  88  is gas. 
         Number  89  are pulleys for the cable ( 79 ). 
         Number  90  are brackets that support the pulleys ( 89 ). 
         Number  91  is the tank at the top position ( 93 ) on the flow-chart ( FIG. 22 ) 
         Number  92  is the tank at the top position ( 93 ) on the flow-chart ( FIG. 22 ) after the piston has returned to the un-extended position. 
         Number  93  is the top position on the flow-chart. 
         Number  94  is a generator. 
         Number  95  is a combination stop and gas valve on the breather tube ( 97 ). 
         Number  96  are pulleys for the rigid track ( 74 ). 
         Number  97  is a breather tube. 
         Number  98  is the liquid ( 73 ) line 
         Number  99  is the transfer solenoid. 
         Number  100  is a heavy metal weight extending all the way across the top and bottom of a piston. 
         Number  101  is a top view of the outer profile of the tank ( 75 , 76 ) 
         Number  102  is a return spring for the extended piston ( 80 ). 
       
    
     Machine # 3   
     
         
         Number  111  is a cylinder full of heavy metal. 
         Number  112  are pulleys. 
         Number  113  is a cable from the cylinder full of heavy metal ( 111 ) to cylinder full of gas ( 116 ). 
         Number  114  is a cylinder wall with a seal. 
         Number  115  is a lock for the cylinder full of gas ( 116 ). 
         Number  116  is the cylinder full of gas. 
         Number  117  is the gas inside the tank-car. 
         Number  118  is a gas valve. 
         Number  119  is a cylinder wall with a seal and a lock for the cylinder full of heavy metal ( 111 ). 
         Number  210  is a connector for the cylinder full of heavy metal ( 111 ) to the piston ( 212 ). 
         Number  211  is the cylinder wall for the piston ( 212 ) 
         Number  212  is a piston with a seal. 
         Number  213  is a cable connecting the piston ( 212 ) to the spring ( 214 ). 
         Number  214  is a spring. 
         Number  215  is the liquid this machine is submersed in. 
         Number  216  is a rigid track 
         Number  217  is a stop for the spring ( 214 ) when it is compressed. 
         Number  218  are arrows indicating direction of movement. 
         Number  219  is a gas intake valve. 
         Number  220  is a valve that lets liquid ( 215 ) out of the tank-car. 
         Number  221  is a line indicating the liquid level. 
         Number  222 ,  223 ,  224 ,  225  indicate positions on the flow-chart. 
         Number  226  is a generator 
         Number  242  is the tank-car with positive buoyancy. The cylinder full of heavy metal ( 111 ) is in the tank-car, and the cylinder full of gas ( 116 ) is extended out of the tank-car. 
         Number  243  is the tank-car in the top position ( 224 ) on the flow chart. 
         Number  244  is the tank-car after it changes from positive to negative buoyancy, The cylinder full of gas ( 116 ) is now inside the tank-car. 
         Number  245  is the tank-car with negative buoyancy. The cylinder full of heavy metal ( 111 ) attached to the piston ( 212 ) has fallen out of the tank-car. 
         Number  246  is the tank-car at the bottom position ( 222 ). The piston ( 212 ) is still attached to the cylinder full of heavy metal ( 111 ). 
         Number  247  is the tank-car back to the starting position. The tank-car now has neutral buoyancy. The piston ( 212 ) has been released from the cylinder full of heavy metal ( 111 ) 
         Number  252  is a moveable pulley.  FIGS. 34 and 35   
         Number  254  is the tank-car with the heavy metal weight ( 111 ) above the tank-car. 
         Number  255  is the tank-car after the heavy metal weight ( 111 ) falls thru it. 
       
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     Machine # 1   
     NOTE—The liquid ( 11 ) outside the Piston-in-a-tank ( 20 , 21 ) and the liquid ( 33 ) inside the Piston-in-a-tank could be water, and the heavy metal weight ( 37 ) could be lead. Water weights about 62 lbs/cubic ft. If the total displacement for the Piston-in-a-tank is 1 cubic ft, than the weight distribution would be about 60 lbs for the piston ( 34  and  35 ). Almost all the weight is in the piston. ( 34  and  35 ). The piston ( 34  and  35 ) needs to be lighter than the liquid ( 33 ) it displaces. 
     In the starting position the Piston-in-a-tank ( 20 ) weighs more than the liquid ( 11 ) it displaces. 
     The liquid ( 33 ) does not add any weight to the Piston-in-a-tank ( 21 ). END OF NOTE
         Starting at position  22  on the flow chart ( FIG. 5 ) The Piston-in-a-tank ( 21 ) is heaver than the liquid ( 11 ) it displaces, The piston ( 34 ) is in the up position. The bottom area of the Piston-in-a-tank ( 21 ) is full of the liquid ( 33 ) and the bottom door ( 36 ) is closed.       

     The Piston-in-a-tank ( 21 ) is released from position  22  and aloud to free-fall until it gets to position  27  on the flow chart. The Piston-in-a-tank ( 21 ) fall as a continuous column greatly reducing the drag between the Piston-in-a-tank ( 21 ) and the liquid ( 11 )
         As the Piston-in-a-tank ( 21 ) fall they accelerate do to the force of gravity, both the heavy metal weight ( 37 ) and the liquid ( 33 ) in the Piston-in-a-tank ( 21 ) build momentum.   At position  27  the Piston-in-a-tank ( 21 ) is quickly pushed over to the collapsible stop ( 26 ) by the bottom transfer solenoid ( 25 ). The collapsible stop ( 26 ) abruptly stops the Piston-in-a-tank ( 21 ).   Three main things happen at position  27 . One—as the collapsible stop ( 26 ) collapses it forces the gas ( 47 ) thru valve ( 46 ) into the Piston-in-a-tank ( 21 ) helping to push the piston ( 34 ) down. Two—The momentum of the liquid ( 33 ) causes it to keep going after the Piston-in-a-tank ( 21 ) is abruptly stopped. The momentum of the liquid ( 33 ) helps pull the piston ( 34 ) down. Three—The momentum of the heavy metal weight ( 37 ) causes the piston ( 34 ) to move down. The combination of the three above forces causes the Piston-in-a-tank ( 21 ) with the piston ( 34 ) in the up position to turn into the Piston-in-a-tank ( 20 ) with the piston ( 35 ) in the down position.   After the piston ( 35 ) moves down the piston locks ( 44 ) lock it in the down position. The bottom door ( 38 ) is closed by the float ( 42 ).   Just before impact between the Piston-in-a-tank ( 21 ) and the collapsible stop ( 26 ) the combination gas valve retractable stop ( 48 ) pops out. When the Piston-in-a-tank ( 20 ) starts up the retractable stop ( 46 ) goes back in the Piston-in-a-tank ( 20 ).   When the piston ( 34 ) moves down the displacement of liquid ( 11 ) increases. The Piston-in-a-tank ( 20 ) is now lighter than the liquid ( 11 ) it displaces and will float up doing work. Also at position  27  the weight on the sump pump ( 40 ) moves down and forces any liquid ( 11 ) in the Piston-in-a-tank ( 20 ) out. The return spring ( 45 ) lifts the weight after impact.   As the Piston-in-a-tank ( 21 ) falls from position  22  to position  27  the pressure on the inside and outside of the Piston-in-a-tank ( 21 ) is equalized by valve ( 41 ).   When the Piston-in-a-tank ( 21 ) impacts the collapsible stop ( 26 ) the upper valve ( 49 ) is opened and the bottom valve ( 53 ) is closed. After the Piston-in-a-tank ( 20 ) starts to float up the top valve ( 54 ) is closed and the bottom valve ( 56 ) is open. The return spring ( 57 ) returns the collapsible ( 55 ) stop to the expanded position ( 26 ). The return spring ( 57 ) must be strong enough to overcome the external pressure.       

     Next the Piston-in-a-tank ( 20 ) is attached to the rigid track ( 29 ) and floats up powering the generator ( 23 ). When the Piston-in-a-tank ( 20 ) gets near the top the valves ( 43 ) open to allow liquid ( 11 ) from outside in, the liquid ( 33 ) in the Piston-in-a tank ( 20 ) causes the piston ( 35 ) to float up returning the piston ( 35 ) to the up position. The Piston-in-a-tank ( 21 ) is now heaver than the liquid ( 11 ) it displaces and will sink. At the top position ( 22 ) the top transfer solenoid ( 24 ) pushes the Piston-in-a-tank ( 21 ) over and the cycle is complete. The cycle is repeated.
         The bottom solenoid ( 25 ) does two things. 1) it pushes the falling Piston-in-a-tank ( 21 ) over into the collapsible stop ( 26 ). 2) It sucks the liquid ( 11 ) out of the way of the falling Piston-in-a-tank ( 21 ). When the bottom solenoid ( 25 ) changes from the extended position to the un extended position, it pulls back the suction cup ( 71 ), as the suction cup ( 71 ) is pulled back it sucks the liquid ( 11 ) out of the way of the falling Piston-in-a-tank ( 21 ).       

     Machine # 2   
     In the starting position the tank ( 92 ) must weight more than the liquid ( 73 ) it displaces. Also almost all of the weight of the tank ( 92 ) is in the heavy metal weight ( 77 ).
         Starting at the top position ( 93 ) the tank ( 92 ) is detached from the rigid track ( 74 ) and allowed to free fall, as the tank ( 75 ) falls its velocity and momentum increase due to the force of gravity. The tanks ( 75 ) fall in a continuous column greatly reducing the drag. The tank ( 75 ) accelerates down until it gets to the transfer solenoid ( 99 ). At the transfer solenoid ( 99 ) the tank ( 75 ) is pushed over to the combination stop and gas valve ( 95 ) and is abruptly stopped. The heavy metal weight ( 77 ) does not stop, it keeps going.   The combination of the momentum of the heavy metal weight ( 77 ) and the mechanical advantage gained from the moveable pulley ( 85 ) should be enough to move the piston ( 81 ) out of the tank ( 75 )   As the heavy metal weight ( 77 ) falls it pulls the cable ( 79 ), as the cable ( 79 ) is pulled it causes the moveable pulley ( 85 ) to move down pulling the piston ( 81 ) out of the tank ( 75 ).   The tank ( 76 ) is now lighter than the liquid ( 73 ) it displaces and will float up doing work. Next the tank ( 76 ) is transferred over to the rigid track ( 74 ) and floats up powering the generator ( 94 ).   When the tank ( 91 ) gets to the top position ( 93 ) it changes from a tank ( 91 ) with the piston ( 80 ) in the extended position to a tank ( 92 ) with the piston ( 81 ) in the un-extended position. The cable ( 79 ) is released from the heavy metal weight ( 78 ) by the cable connector ( 87 ). The external liquid (( 73 ) pressure pushes the piston ( 80 ) back into the tank ( 91 ) A return spring ( 102 ) helps pull the piston ( 80 ) in. Also at the top position ( 93 ) any extra gas ( 88 ) is vented thru the gas valve ( 82 ). The tank ( 92 ) is now heaver than the liquid ( 73 ) it displaces and will sink. The cycle is complete. The cycle is repeated.       

     Note 
     The tanks ( 75 ) must be removed from the bottom position as quickly as they fall. Also the tanks ( 92 ) must be add to the top position ( 93 ) as quickly as they fall. 
     Machine # 3   
     NOTE—The liquid ( 215 ) could be water, and the heavy metal could be lead. Water weights about 62 lbs/cubic ft. If the total displacement for the tank-car is one cubic ft. than the weight distribution would be about 60 lbs for the cylinder full of heavy metal ( 111 ), and about 2 lbs. for the rest of the tank-car. Almost all of the total weight of the tank-car is in the cylinder full of heavy metal ( 111 ). 
     End of Note 
     Starting at position ( 222 ) on the flow-chart, tank-car ( 247 ) has neutral buoyancy. The weight of the tank-car ( 247 ) equals the weight of the liquid ( 215 ) displaced. The cylinder full of heavy metal ( 111 ) is extended out of the tank-car ( 247 ) and the cylinder full of gas ( 116 ) is in the tank-car ( 247 ). The tank-car ( 247 ) is pulled along by the track ( 216 ) past the ( 223 ) position on the flow-chart. As the tank-car ( 247 ) turns and starts up, the cylinder full of heavy metal ( 111 ) starts to fall down to the inside of the tank-car ( 242 ) At this point tank-car ( 247 ) starts to turn into tank-car ( 242 ). 
     As the cylinder full of heavy metal ( 111 ) falls it pulls the cable ( 113 ) attached to the cylinder full of gas ( 116 ). The tank-car ( 242 ) now looks like  FIG. 28 . The cylinder full of gas ( 116 ) is now extended out of the tank-car ( 242 ). The volume of the liquid ( 215 ) displaced by the cylinder full of gas ( 116 ) is greater then the volume of Liquid ( 215 ) displaced by the cylinder full of heavy metal ( 111 ) increasing the total displacement of the tank-car ( 242 ). At this point the tank-car ( 242 ) weights less than the liquid ( 215 ) it displaces and floats-up doing work. Gas valve ( 118 ) allows gas ( 117 ) pressure to equalize between different parts of the tank-car ( 242 ). 
     Because the cylinder full of gas ( 116 ) has a larger volume than the cylinder full of heavy metal ( 111 ) the gas ( 117 ) pressure in the tank-car ( 242 ) is reduced when the cylinder full of gas ( 116 ) is removed. 
     Next the tank-car ( 242 ) moves to the top position ( 224 ) on the flow-chart. The stop for the cylinder full of gas ( 115 ) is released. When the tank-car ( 242 ) gets to position ( 224 ) it looks like tank-car ( 243 ) in  FIG. 29 . The tank-car ( 243 ) changes to tank-car ( 244 ) at position ( 224 ) on the flow-chart. The combination of the low gas ( 117 ) pressure inside the tank-car ( 243 ) and the external liquid ( 215 ) pressure causes the cylinder full of gas ( 116 ) to move back inside the tank-car ( 244 ). The valve ( 219 ) is now above the liquid line ( 221 ) any gas ( 117 ) that leaked out of the tank-car ( 244 ) will now be sucked into the low pressure and replaced. The tank-car ( 244 ) is now heavier than the liquid ( 215 ) it displaces and will sink doing work. 
     Next the tank-car ( 244 ) moves thru the ( 225 ) position on the flow-chart, as the tank-car ( 244 ) turns and starts to head down the cylinder full of heavy metal ( 111 ) starts to fall out pulling the piston ( 212 ) with it. As the piston ( 212 ) moves down it forces any liquid ( 215 ) that leaked into the tank-car ( 245 ) out thru the valve ( 220 ). Also as the piston ( 212 ) moves down it pulls the cable ( 213 ) and that compresses the spring ( 214 ). The volume of liquid ( 215 ) that enters the tank-car ( 245 ) when the piston ( 212 ) is pulled down is greater than the volume of the cylinder full of heavy metal ( 111 ). The tank-car ( 245 ) displaces less liquid ( 215 ) than tank-car ( 244 ) did. The tank-car ( 245 ) sinks faster. The tank-car ( 245 ) now looks like  FIG. 31  Next the tank-car ( 245 ) moves past the ( 222 ) position at the bottom of the flow-chart. At this point tank-car ( 245 ) turns into tank-car ( 246 ). Next the connector ( 210 ) releases the piston ( 212 ) from the cylinder full of heavy metal ( 111 ) and the stop ( 217 ) releases the spring ( 214 ) The compressed spring ( 214 ) than pulls the piston ( 212 ) back to the starting position. As the piston ( 212 ) is pulled out of The tank-car ( 246 ) it creates a jet of liquid ( 215 ) It also creates a temporary low gas ( 117 ) pressure that helps pull-in the cylinder full of heavy metal ( 111 ) in the next cycle. 
     The cycle is now complete. The tank-car ( 247 ) now looks like  FIG. 27  and has neutral buoyancy. The cycle is repeated. 
     NOTE—A variation of this machine is for the heavy metal weight ( 111 ) to fall from above the tank-car ( 254 ), thru the tank-car, and out the bottom of the tank-car. The heavy metal weight ( 111 ) would increase the displacement of the tank-car ( 255 ). Because the heavy metal weight ( 111 ) is falling further it would do more work pulling out a larger cylinder full of gas ( 116 ). Also because the heavy metal weight ( 111 ) is moving twice as far as the cylinder full of gas ( 116 ) a added moveable pulley ( 252 ) would give the heavy metal weight ( 111 ) a mechanical advantage. A breather tube is added to allow gas from the surface into the expanding tank.