Abstract:
A perpetual motion machine of the first kind utilizing centrifugal force as the energy generator and accumulator. Whenever an object is rotated, centripetal and centrifugal forces are generated perpendicular to the axis of rotation. By capturing those forces with rotating Weights ( 116 ) and storing them in Springs ( 126 ) along the axis of rotation, the angular momentum and kinetic energies of the rotating object are conserved. All these forces and energies, less minor friction, can be safely and conveniently extracted and regenerated, producing net energy gains exceeding thousands of percent.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0001]    This invention relates to energy generation, specifically utilizing centrifugal force as an energy accumulator.  
           [0002]    From the 1982 5 th  edition of the McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, Volume 2, page 755: “Centrifugal force A fictitious or pseudo outward force on a particle about an axis which by Newton&#39;s third law is equal and opposite to the centripetal force. Like all such action-reaction pairs of forces, they are equal and opposite but do not act on the same body and so do not cancel each other.” 
           [0003]    From the 1982 5 th  edition of the McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, Volume 10, page 41:“Perpetual motion The expression perpetual motion, or perpetuum mobile, arose historically in connection with the quest for a mechanism which, once set in motion, would continue to do useful work without an external source of energy or which would produce more energy than it absorbed in a cycle of operation. This type of motion, now called perpetual motion of the first kind, involves only one of the three distinct concepts presently associated with the idea of perpetual motion. First kind. Perpetual motion of this type refers to a mechanism whose efficiency exceeds 100%. Clearly such a mechanism violates the now firmly established principle of conservation of energy, in particular that statement of the principle of conservation of energy embodied in the first law of thermodynamics. (Indeed, the first law of thermodynamics is sometimes stated as “A perpetuum mobile of the first kind cannot exist.”) Thus, with the establishment of the energy conservation principle in the middle of the 19 th  century, the possibility of obtaining perpetual motion of the first kind could be denied. However, prior to that time, some ingenious machines, generally dependent upon gravity for their “operation”, had been devised.” 
           [0004]    The force of gravity is pretty much the same at any location on the surface of the earth, a virtual constant. On the other hand, centrifugal force is infinitely variable and can be generated as a periodic or cyclic action.  
           [0005]    The principle of the conservation of energy was established and disseminated to the scientific community by Hermann Helmholtz in a series of lectures delivered in Germany in 1862-1863. Although Helmholtz and others since him have considered numerous instances of force, work, energy, and motion in heat, mechanics, magnetism, electricity, and chemicals, they apparently have not explored the ramifications of centrifugal force. Specifically that centripetal and centrifugal are equal and opposite but do not operate on the same body and thus do not cancel each other. And that doubling the speed of rotation returns FOUR times the force.  
           [0006]    Almost any physics textbook in use since the nineteenth century tries to convey the impossibility of the creation of energy. The principle of conservation of energy has never been conclusively proven, just assumed because not unproven, until now.  
           [0007]    Newton&#39;s laws happen to be in agreement with nature to a certain extent. They are not all inclusive, however, as demonstrated by Einstein  
           [0008]    Newton&#39;s First Law of Motion: A particle not subjected to external forces remains at rest or moves with constant speed in a straight line. For Angular Motion: A body not acted upon by a torque continues in its state of rest or if spinning continues to spin with constant angular momentum.  
           [0009]    Flywheels are sometimes used to store kinetic energy for later use. For instance, torque is applied by an electric motor and kinetic energy is stored in the flywheel. Disregarding friction, the flywheel would, in theory, spin forever. The same electric motor used to spin the flywheel can also be used as a generator to later extract the kinetic energy from the flywheel with an efficiency exceeding 95%.  
           [0010]    Newton&#39;s Second Law of Motion: The acceleration of a particle is directly proportional to the resultant external force acting on the particle and is inversely proportional to the mass of the particle. For Angular Motion: The rate of change of angular momentum equals the applied torque.  
           [0011]    However, centripetal acceleration is measured at a right angle, or perpendicular to angular momentum and any applied or extracted torque.  
           [0012]    Newton&#39;s Third Law of Motion: If two particles interact, the force exerted by the first particle on the second particle (called the action force) is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the force exerted by the second particle on the first particle (called the reaction force). For Angular Motion: Corresponding to a torque applied to one body (action) there is always an equal, opposite torque on another (reaction). These three laws describe and allow for the measurement of kinetic energy and angular momentum, but centrifugal force is not equal and opposite to kinetic energy, centrifugal force is a by-product generated at right angles to rotational kinetic energy and angular momentum. Flywheel design engineers know that if certain rotational speeds are exceeded, the flywheel will literally explode due to the tremendous centrifugal forces generated. A car going too fast around a corner can literally be forced off the road and caused to roll over several times due to centrifugal force. Centripetal and centrifugal forces have been perceived as something hazardous to be avoided or dealt with for the most part, but sometimes used for good as in a centrifuge to separate materials, or by NASA to create artificial G-forces.  
           [0013]    The tremendous energy created by the dangerous by-product of a spinning flywheel, centrifugal force, can be safely extracted for other useful purposes without affecting the kinetic energy stored in the flywheel, or violating the Law of the Conservation of Angular Momentum, contrary to popular belief.  
         BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0014]    Doubling the rotational speed of a spinning object requires only twice as much torque, however it produces four times as much energy. With this generator, that energy can be safely extracted without reducing the angular momentum stored in the spinning object. Therefore, the kinetic energy put into the spinning object can also be reclaimed, resulting in a very small net energy input to obtain a very large energy output.  
           [0015]    Several objects and advantages of the present invention are to:  
           [0016]    (a) provide excess usable electricity utilizing a non-polluting renewable source of energy;  
           [0017]    (b) reduce pollution on planet Earth;  
           [0018]    (c) reduce global warming;  
           [0019]    (d) reduce coal mining and destruction of the land;  
           [0020]    (e) reduce American dependence on foreign oil;  
           [0021]    (f) reduce the need for dangerous nuclear power plants; and  
           [0022]    (g) decrease the cost of energy for the consumer.  
           [0023]    Still further objects and advantages will become apparent from a consideration of the ensuing description and drawings. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWING  
       [0024]    The patent or application file contains at least one drawing executed in color. Copies of this patent or patent application publication with color drawing(s) will be provided by the Office upon request and payment of the necessary fee.  
         [0025]    [0025]FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the core of the generator in an uncharged position.  
         [0026]    [0026]FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the core of the generator in a charged position.  
         [0027]    [0027]FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the core of the generator in the uncharged position, and an energy extraction assembly in the uncharged position.  
         [0028]    [0028]FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the core of the generator in the charged position, and an energy extraction assembly in the uncharged position.  
         [0029]    [0029]FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the core of the generator in the charged position, and an energy extraction assembly in the charged position.  
         [0030]    [0030]FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the core of the generator after discharging the stored spring energy, and an energy extraction assembly in the discharged position.  
         [0031]    [0031]FIG. 7 includes a possible framework.  
         [0032]    [0032]FIG. 8 demonstrates a close-up view of the lock release mechanism.  
         [0033]    [0033]FIGS. 9, 10, and  11  are semi-exploded perspective views of the core of the generator.  
         [0034]    [0034]FIG. 12 shows a perspective view of the generator in the uncharged position.  
     
    
     LIST OF REFERENCE NUMERALS  
       [0035]    [0035] 101  Front Main Bearing  125  Inner Main Spring  
         [0036]    [0036] 102  Rear Main Bearing  126  Outer Main Spring  
         [0037]    [0037] 103  Main Drive Shaft  130  Sliding Plate  
         [0038]    [0038] 104  Main Drive Shaft Lock Collar  131  Lock Base  
         [0039]    [0039] 105  Main Drive Shaft Gear  132  Lock Bracket  
         [0040]    [0040] 106  Main Drive Motor Gear  133  Lock Shaft  
         [0041]    [0041] 107  Main Drive Gear Belt  134  Lock Spring  
         [0042]    [0042] 108  Electric Main Drive Motor  135  Lock  
         [0043]    [0043] 109  Pulley Support Bolts  140  Lower Lock Arm Shaft  
         [0044]    [0044] 110  Base Plate  141  Lower Lock Arm  
         [0045]    [0045] 111  Pulley Support  142  Middle Lock Arm Shaft  
         [0046]    [0046] 112  Pulley Bearing  143  Upper Lock Arm  
         [0047]    [0047] 113  Pulley Bearing Shaft  144  Upper Lock Arm Shaft  
         [0048]    [0048] 114  Pulley  145  Lock Arm Alignment Plate  
         [0049]    [0049] 115  Guide Arm  146  Lock Arm Alignment Plate Bolt  
         [0050]    [0050] 116  Weight  147  Lock Arm Alignment Plate Washer  
         [0051]    [0051] 117  Wire Cable with Swaged Ends  150  Push Rod  
         [0052]    [0052] 118  Wire Cable Lock Washer  151  Push Rod End  
         [0053]    [0053] 119  Wire Cable Nut  152  Push Rod Trigger  
         [0054]    [0054] 120  Corner Post  160  Hydraulic Cylinder  
         [0055]    [0055] 121  Post Top  163  Hydraulic Pump  
         [0056]    [0056] 122  Corner Post Lock Washer  164  Hydraulic Motor  
         [0057]    [0057] 123  Corner Post Nut  172  Electric Generator  
       DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
       [0058]    [0058]FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the core of the generator showing Main Springs  126  in the uncharged, uncompressed position. A Main Drive Gear Belt  107  attaches between a Main Drive Motor Gear  106  and a Main Drive Shaft Gear  105 . Main Drive Shaft Gear  105  is secured to Main Drive Shaft  103 . Of course, a motor connected directly in line with a drive shaft would work as well in most instances. The locking mechanism assemblies  131  through  147  are in the uncharged, unlocked position.  
         [0059]    [0059]FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the core of the generator showing Main Springs  126  in the charged, compressed position. Four Weights  116  are shown in the charged, extended position. An Electric Main Drive Motor  108  is shown attached to Main Drive Motor Gear  106 . Electric Main Drive Motor  108  connects to conventional batteries, battery charging system, and timing control devices (not shown). The locking mechanism assemblies  131  through  147  are in the charged, locked position.  
         [0060]    [0060]FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the core of the generator showing Main Springs  126  in the uncharged, uncompressed position. The locking mechanism assemblies  131  through  147  are in the uncharged, unlocked position. A Push Rod  150 , with freedom of rotational and linear movement around and along Main Drive Shaft  103 , and a Hydraulic Cylinder  160  are shown in their respective uncharged conditions. Mounting a hydraulic cylinder, or other energy extraction device, directly in line with the drive shaft is preferable in most cases.  
         [0061]    [0061]FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the core of the generator showing Main Springs  126  in the charged, compressed position. Four Weights  116  are shown in the charged, extended position. Electric Main Drive Motor  108  is shown attached to Main Drive Motor Gear  106 . The locking mechanism assemblies  131  through  147  are in the charged, locked position. Push Rod  150  and Hydraulic Cylinder  160  are displayed in their respective uncharged positions.  
         [0062]    [0062]FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the rotating parts of this generator in the charged, compressed, extended, and locked condition. A Hydraulic Pump  163  can be used to fill Hydraulic Cylinder  160  with oil, placing Hydraulic Cylinder  160  and Push Rod  150  in their respective charged positions.  
         [0063]    [0063]FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the rotating parts of this generator in the discharged, uncompressed, retracted, and unlocked condition. An Electrical Generator  172  and a Hydraulic Motor  164  are shown attached to Hydraulic Cylinder  160  via hydraulic hose and fittings. Output from Electrical Generator  172  is connected to conventional batteries and battery charging system (not shown).  
         [0064]    [0064]FIG. 7 includes a possible framework. The frame could be composed of welded or bolted steel or aluminum, or any other combination of materials and fastenings capable of containing the tremendous energies generated by centrifugal force.  
         [0065]    [0065]FIG. 8 demonstrates a close-up view of the lock release mechanism. A steel Push Rod  150  slides freely on the Main Drive Shaft  103 . A Push Rod Trigger  152  is welded, or otherwise attached to Push Rod  150  at just the right point to allow for the release of Locks  135  (FIG. 11) as Push Rod  150  touches Sliding Plate  130 .  
         [0066]    [0066]FIG. 9 is a semi-exploded perspective view of Base Plate  110 , Sliding Plate  130 , Corner Post  120 , Post Top  121 , Main Spring  126 , and related parts. In the preferred embodiment (designed to power an average 3 bedroom home), Sliding Plate  130  is an aluminum block 30.48 cm×30.48 cm×3.81 cm (12″×12″×1.5″) drilled in five places with 3.81 cm (1.5″) diameter holes allowing Sliding Plate  130  to slide freely on Main Drive Shaft  103  (as shown in FIG. 8) and Corner Posts  120 . The four Corner Posts  120  are aluminum rods 3.81 cm (1.5″) diameter by 86.36 cm (34″) long, threaded on one end for a 2.54 cm (1″) diameter tapped hole, and threaded on the other end for a 2.54 cm (1″) diameter Corner Post Nut  123 . In this particular application, five Main Springs  126  are composed of nested springs: five left-handed inner springs 60.96 cm (24″) long with an inside diameter of 3.96 cm (1.56″), an outside diameter of 5.555 cm (2.187″), and a wire diameter of 0.79 cm (0.312″); and five right-handed outer springs 60.96 cm (24″) long with an inside diameter of 5.64 cm (2.22″), an outside diameter of 8.016 cm (3.156″), and a wire diameter of 1.189 cm (0.468″). Each of the inner springs has a spring rate of 28.13 kg per cm (157.4 pounds per inch). Each of the outer springs has a spring rate of 46.48 kg per cm (260.1 pounds per inch). Main Springs  126  will experience a compression distance of 22.86 cm (9″) and a total load of 8527.65 kg (18787.5 pounds) during each cycle of operation. There are four 1.905 cm (0.75″) diameter by 15.24 cm (6″) long steel Upper Lock Arm Shafts  144 , that slide into the four Post Tops  121 .  
         [0067]    [0067]FIG. 10 is a semi-exploded perspective view of a Base Plate  110  and related parts. In the preferred embodiment, Base Plate  110  is a 30.48 cm×30.48 cm×3.81 cm (12″ by 12″ by 1.5″) block of die-cast aluminum drilled and tapped in five places for a 2.54 cm (1″) diameter thread. A Main Drive Shaft  103  (shown in FIG. 8) made of steel is screwed into the 2.54 cm (1″) diameter tapped center hole of Base Plate  110 . Main Drive Shaft  103  is 127 cm (50″) long, including a 25.4 cm (10″) length by 1.905 cm (0.75″) diameter machined part protruding below Base Plate  110 . There are four aluminum Pulley Supports  111 , 10.16 cm×10.16 cm×12.7 cm (4″ by 4″ by 5″), secured to Base Plate  110  with 0.9525 cm (0.375″) diameter steel Pulley Support Bolts  109 . There are sixteen Pulley Bearings  112 , four bearings for each Pulley Support  111 . Each Pulley Bearing  112  having a minimum static load rating of 794.325 kg (1750 pounds). There are eight steel Pulleys  114 , 10.16 cm (4″) outside diameter by 1.27 cm (0.5″) thick, attached to Pulley Supports  111  with four steel Pulley Bearing Shafts  113 . There are four Guide Arms  115 , one for each Pulley Support  111 . Each Guide Arm  115  is a 1.27 cm (0.5″) diameter by 38.1 cm (15″) long aluminum rod. Each Guide Arm  115  screws into a Pulley Support  111 . There are four steel Weights  116 , one for each Guide Arm  115 . Each Weight  116  weighs 1.82 kg (4 pounds), slides freely on the Guide Arm  115 , and is drilled for Wire Cable  117  attachment. There are a total of eight Wire Cables  117 , each 0.635 cm (0.25″) diameter multi-stranded (7×1 g) aircraft quality cable with swaged and threaded ends rated at 2950.35 kg (6500 pounds) minimum breaking load.  
         [0068]    [0068]FIG. 11 is a semi-exploded perspective view of Sliding Plate  130  and the locking mechanisms. There are four Lock Bases  131  attached to Sliding Plate  130  with 0.635 cm (0.25″) diameter steel bolts. Eight Lock Springs  134  slide into the four Lock Bases  131 . Eight Lock Brackets  132  attach to the sides of the four Lock Bases  131  with small steel bolts. Four Locks  135  slide between Lock Brackets  132  and sit on Lock Springs  134 . A small retaining Lock Shaft  133  secures each Lock  135  to each Lock Bracket  132  yet allows Lock  135  to swivel. A Lower Lock Arm Shaft  140  slides through each Lock Base  131 . Two Lower Lock Arms  141 , with 1.905 cm (0.75″) diameter holes on 16.51 cm (6.5″) centers, attach to each Lower Lock Arm Shaft  140  and are allowed freedom to swivel. Four Middle Lock Arm Shafts  142  are used to attach four Upper Lock Arms  143 , with 1.905 cm (0.75″) diameter holes on 16.51 cm (6.5″) centers, to eight Lower Lock Arms  141 . All lower and middle lock arm shafts are 1.905 cm (0.75″) steel rods grooved on each end for retaining rings (not shown) to secure the lock arms yet allow for freedom to swivel. A Lock Arm Alignment Plate  145  is attached to each Upper Lock Arm  143  using Lock Arm Alignment Plate Bolts  146  and Lock Washers  147 . A 1.905 cm (0.75″) diameter steel Upper Lock Arm Shaft  144  (FIG. 8) slides through each Upper Lock Arm  143 . For best results, each Upper Lock Arm Shaft  144  should be exactly in line with its corresponding Lower Lock Arm Shaft  140 , and when in the charged position, with Middle Lock Arm Shaft  142 .  
         [0069]    [0069]FIG. 12 shows a perspective view of the generator in the uncharged position. The drive motor and hydraulic cylinder are attached in-line with the drive shaft.  
         [0070]    This particular embodiment of the generator creates excess usable energy from centrifugal force in the following fashion:  
         [0071]    1) When the core of the machine is momentarily rotated by a 1 HP, 1700 RPM Electric Main Drive Motor  108  for about 1 second, centrifugal force equal to more than 8,170 kg (18,000 pounds) pulls four, 1.82 kg (4 pound) Weights  116  away from the center of rotation (FIG. 4). Wire Cables  117  attached between Weights  116  and Sliding Plate  130  via Pulleys  114  compress Main Springs  126  approximately 22.86 cm (9″), storing over 8,170 kg (18,000 pounds) of force. The locking mechanisms hold Main Springs  126  in the compressed position.  
         [0072]    2) Most of the kinetic energy now stored in the spinning machine is extracted by using Electric Main Drive Motor  108  as a generator, for a net energy input of only about 0.2 horsepower.  
         [0073]    3) After the machine comes to a complete stop, one option of spring energy to electricity conversion is to use a very small Hydraulic Pump  163  to fill a 7.62 cm (3″) diameter Hydraulic Cylinder  160  with oil (FIG. 5), forcing Push Rod Trigger  152  to trip the locking mechanisms, transferring the energy stored in Main Springs  126  into hydraulic pressure that is used to rotate a Hydraulic Motor  164  connected to a 5 HP Electrical Generator  172  (FIG. 6). The energy released from Main Springs  126  in this particular embodiment within 2.5 seconds is equal to approximately 9,511.2 joules (84,544 inch pounds), or 3,804.525 joules (33,818 inch pounds) per second, or about 5.1 horsepower for 2.5 seconds, for a net energy output exceeding 6,000%.  
         [0074]    4) After all the energy stored in Main Springs  126  has been converted into electricity, the cycle of actions is automatically repeated utilizing conventional mechanical or computerized timing controls (not shown).  
         [0075]    Conclusions, Ramifications, and Scope  
         [0076]    The possibility of the creation of energy should never have been in question. By simply placing two magnets in closer proximity, the energy required to keep them apart is magnified in inverse proportion to the square of the distance. NASA uses planetary gravitational forces to slingshot space vehicles such as the Voyagers from planet to planet and beyond. Centripetal acceleration is directly proportional to the square of the velocity, so doubling the velocity returns four times the acceleration. Force equals mass multiplied by acceleration. The problem has not been the creation of energy, but the safe extraction of the energy created. This generator solves that problem.  
         [0077]    Although the description above contains many specificities, these should not be construed as limiting the scope of the generator but as merely providing illustrations of some of the presently preferred embodiments of this invention. For example, workable units of almost any size and horsepower can be safely designed, produced, and operated, as long as conventional engineering practices are followed and the craftsman understands centripetal and centrifugal force as defined in any accurate physics textbook. Quantity and compressive strength of springs is infinitely variable. Quantity and strength of locking mechanism assemblies per machine is variable. For that matter, with slight design modifications, springs can be compression or extension, and the locking mechanisms can be relocated and modified to obtain the same locking result. Type of material used to make each part is not as critical as strength of material. Rotational speeds are infinite. With the addition of appropriate conventional battery banks, invertors, battery chargers, and mechanical or computerized timing controls, machines can be produced that stand alone, act as emergency back-up systems for home or industrial use, or supply power directly into the national energy grid.  
         [0078]    Thus the scope of the generator should be determined by the appended claims and their legal equivalents, rather than by the examples given.