Abstract:
The problem of the present invention is to provide a carbon fiber manufacturing device in which fiber to be carbonized is irradiated with microwaves and thereby heated, wherein the carbon fiber manufacturing device is compact and capable of performing carbonization at atmospheric pressure without requiring an electromagnetic wave absorber or other additives or preliminary carbonization through external heating. This carbon fiber manufacturing device ( 200 ) includes: a cylindrical furnace ( 27 ) comprising a cylindrical waveguide in which one end is closed, a fiber outlet ( 27   b ) being formed in the one end of the cylindrical waveguide and a fiber inlet ( 27   a ) being formed in the other end of the cylindrical waveguide; a microwave oscillator ( 21 ) for introducing microwaves into the cylindrical furnace ( 27 ); and a connection waveguide ( 22 ) having one end connected to the microwave oscillator ( 21 ) side and the other end connected to one end of the cylindrical furnace ( 27 ).

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
       [0001]    The present invention relates to a carbon fiber manufacturing device for irradiating a fiber to be carbonized with microwaves to carbonize the fiber and a carbon fiber manufacturing method using the carbon fiber manufacturing device. 
       BACKGROUND ART 
       [0002]    A carbon fiber is superior in specific strength and specific elastic modulus than other fibers and is industrially used widely as a reinforcing fiber or the like combined with resin by taking advantage of its lightweight characteristics and excellent mechanical characteristics. 
         [0003]    Conventionally, the carbon fiber is manufactured in the following manner. First, a precursor fiber is subject to a pre-oxidation treatment by heating the precursor fiber in heated air at 230 to 260° C. for 30 to 100 minutes. This pre-oxidation treatment causes a cyclization reaction of the acrylic fiber, increases the oxygen binding amount, and produces a pre-oxidation fiber. This pre-oxidation fiber is carbonized, for example, under a nitrogen atmosphere, with use of a firing furnace at 300 to 800° C., and under a temperature gradient (first carbonization treatment). Subsequently, the pre-oxidation fiber is further carbonized under a nitrogen atmosphere, with use of a firing furnace at 800 to 2100° C., and under a temperature gradient (second carbonization treatment). In this manner, the carbon fiber is manufactured by heating the pre-oxidation fiber from an external portion thereof in the heated firing furnace. 
         [0004]    In a case of manufacturing the carbon fiber in the above manner, the temperature must be raised gradually over time to avoid insufficient carbonization of an internal portion of the fiber to be carbonized. The firing furnace heating the pre-oxidation fiber from the external portion thereof has a low heat efficiency since the furnace body and the firing environment as well as the fiber to be carbonized are also heated in the firing furnace. 
         [0005]    In recent years, manufacturing the carbon fiber by irradiating the fiber to be carbonized with microwaves and thereby heating the fiber is attempted. In heating a substance by means of the microwaves, the substance is heated from the internal portion thereof. Thus, in the case of heating the fiber to be carbonized with use of the microwaves, the internal portion and the external portion of the fiber can be carbonized uniformly, and reduction of manufacturing time for the carbon fiber is expected. In the case of heating the fiber with use of the microwaves, a target to be heated is only the fiber to be carbonized, and a high heat efficiency is thus expected. 
         [0006]    Conventionally, as methods for manufacturing a carbon fiber with use of microwaves, methods in Patent Literature 1 to 4 are known. These methods have limitations such as providing a decompression unit for microwave-assisted plasma, adding an electromagnetic wave absorber or the like to a fiber to be carbonized, performing preliminary carbonization prior to heating by means of microwaves, requiring auxiliary heating, and requiring multiple magnetrons and are not suitable for industrial production. 
         [0007]    Further, since the carbon fiber has a high radiation coefficient on its surface, it is difficult to sufficiently raise the firing temperature at the time of irradiating the fiber to be carbonized with microwaves and thereby carbonizing the fiber. Thus, in a case of manufacturing the carbon fiber only with irradiation with microwaves, a carbon fiber having a high carbon content rate cannot be obtained. 
       CITATION LIST 
     Patent Literatures 
       [0000]    
       
         Patent Literature 1: JP 2009-533562 W 
         Patent Literature 2: JP 2013-231244 A 
         Patent Literature 3: JP 2009-1468 A 
         Patent Literature 4: JP 2011-162898 A 
       
     
       SUMMARY OF INVENTION 
     Technical Problem 
       [0012]    An object of the present invention is to provide a carbon fiber manufacturing device in which a fiber to be carbonized is irradiated with microwaves and thereby heated, wherein the carbon fiber manufacturing device is compact and capable of performing carbonization at atmospheric pressure without requiring an electromagnetic wave absorber or other additives or preliminary carbonization through external heating. Another problem of the present invention is to provide a carbon fiber manufacturing method for carbonizing the fiber to be carbonized at high speed with use of the carbon fiber manufacturing device. 
       Solution to Problem 
       [0013]    The present inventors have discovered that a fiber to be carbonized can be carbonized sufficiently at atmospheric pressure by irradiating the fiber to be carbonized with microwaves in a cylindrical waveguide. The present inventors have also discovered that a fiber to be carbonized can be carbonized sufficiently at atmospheric pressure without requiring an electromagnetic wave absorber or other additives or preliminary carbonization through external heating by combining a preliminary carbonization furnace constituted by a rectangular waveguide and a carbonization furnace constituted by a cylindrical waveguide. 
         [0014]    In manufacturing a carbon fiber, a fiber to be carbonized sequentially changes from an organic fiber (dielectric body) to an inorganic fiber (conductive body). That is, a microwave absorbing characteristic of a heated target gradually changes. The present inventors have discovered that a carbon fiber manufacturing device according to the present invention can manufacture a carbon fiber efficiently even in a case in which the microwave absorbing characteristic of the heated target changes. 
         [0015]    The present inventors have further arrived at arranging a cylindrical adiabatic sleeve transmitting microwaves in a cylindrical carbonization furnace to make a fiber to be carbonized travel therein and irradiate the fiber to be carbonized with microwaves. The present inventors have still further discovered that providing a heater on a terminal end side of this adiabatic sleeve can increase the carbon content of a carbon fiber. 
         [0016]    Since this adiabatic sleeve transmits microwaves, the fiber to be carbonized traveling therein can be heated directly. The present inventors have still further discovered that, since the adiabatic sleeve shields radiation heat generated by heating and restricts heat dissipation to keep the interior of the adiabatic sleeve at a high temperature, the carbonization speed of the fiber to be carbonized can drastically be improved. 
         [0017]    The present inventors have arrived at the present invention based on these discoveries. 
         [0018]    Aspects of the present invention solving the above problems are described below. The following [1] to [5] relate to a first embodiment. 
         [0019]    [1] A carbon fiber manufacturing device including: 
         [0020]    a cylindrical furnace including a cylindrical waveguide in which a first end is closed, a fiber outlet being formed in the first end of the cylindrical waveguide and a fiber inlet being formed in a second end of the cylindrical waveguide; 
         [0021]    a microwave oscillator for introducing microwaves into the cylindrical furnace; and 
         [0022]    a connection waveguide having a first end connected to the microwave oscillator side and a second end connected to a first end of the cylindrical furnace. 
         [0023]    The carbon fiber manufacturing device in the above [1] is a carbon fiber manufacturing device including a carbonization furnace using a cylindrical waveguide as a furnace body and irradiating a fiber to be carbonized traveling in the cylindrical waveguide with microwaves at atmospheric pressure. 
         [0024]    [2] The carbon fiber manufacturing device according to [1], wherein an electromagnetic distribution in the cylindrical furnace is in a TM mode. 
         [0025]    [3] The carbon fiber manufacturing device according to [2], wherein an electromagnetic distribution in the connection waveguide connected to the cylindrical waveguide is in a TE mode and has an electric field component parallel to a fiber traveling direction. 
         [0026]    In the carbon fiber manufacturing device in the above [3], an electromagnetic distribution in a cylindrical furnace is in a TM mode and has an electric field component in a parallel direction to a tube axis. Additionally, an electromagnetic distribution in a connection waveguide is in a TE mode and has an electric field component in a perpendicular direction to the tube axis. This connection waveguide is arranged with a tube axis thereof perpendicular to a tube axis of the cylindrical furnace. Thus, both the cylindrical furnace and the connection waveguide have electric field components parallel to a fiber traveling direction. 
         [0027]    A carbon fiber manufacturing method using the carbon fiber manufacturing device in the above [1] to [3] include the following [4] and [5]. 
         [0028]    [4] A carbon fiber manufacturing method including performing carbonization by means of microwave heating having an electric field component parallel to a fiber traveling direction. 
         [0029]    The carbon fiber manufacturing method in the above [4] is a carbon fiber manufacturing method in which a fiber to be carbonized is carbonized by means of microwave heating having an electric field component parallel to a traveling direction of the fiber to be carbonized. 
         [0030]    [5] A carbon fiber manufacturing method using the carbon fiber manufacturing device according to [1], including: 
         [0031]    a fiber supplying process for sequentially supplying a middle carbonized fiber having a carbon content rate of 66 to 72 mass % from the fiber inlet into the cylindrical furnace; 
         [0032]    a microwave irradiating process for irradiating the middle carbonized fiber traveling in the cylindrical furnace with microwaves under an inert atmosphere to produce a carbon fiber; and 
         [0033]    a carbon fiber taking-out process for sequentially taking out the carbon fiber from the fiber outlet. 
         [0034]    The carbon fiber manufacturing method in the above [5] is a carbon fiber manufacturing method in which a middle carbonized fiber having a carbon content rate of 66 to 72 mass % is used as a fiber to be carbonized, and in which carbonization is performed in a cylindrical waveguide whose electromagnetic distribution is in a TM mode. 
         [0035]    The following [6] to [11] relate to a second embodiment. 
         [0036]    [6] A carbon fiber manufacturing device including: 
         [0037]    a cylindrical furnace in which at least a first end is closed; 
         [0038]    a microwave oscillator for introducing microwaves into the cylindrical furnace; and 
         [0039]    a microwave-transmissive adiabatic sleeve arranged on a center axis parallel to a center axis of the cylindrical furnace to cause a fiber to be introduced from a first end thereof and to be let out from a second end thereof. 
         [0040]    [7] The carbon fiber manufacturing device according to [6], wherein a microwave transmittance of the adiabatic sleeve is 90% or higher at an ambient temperature. 
         [0041]    [8] The carbon fiber manufacturing device according to [6], wherein the cylindrical furnace and the microwave oscillator are connected via a connection waveguide connected to the microwave oscillator side at a first end thereof and connected to the cylindrical furnace at a second end thereof. 
         [0042]    The carbon fiber manufacturing device in the above [6] to [8] has a microwave-transmissive adiabatic sleeve inserted in a cylindrical furnace. This adiabatic sleeve transmits microwaves, heats a fiber to be carbonized traveling therein, shields radiation heat generated by heating, and restricts heat dissipation to keep the interior of the adiabatic sleeve at a high temperature. Thus, the adiabatic sleeve accelerates carbonization of the fiber to be carbonized. 
         [0043]    [9] The carbon fiber manufacturing device according to [6], wherein the cylindrical furnace is a cylindrical waveguide. 
         [0044]    [10] The carbon fiber manufacturing device according to [6], wherein a heater is further arranged on the second end side of the adiabatic sleeve. 
         [0045]    The carbon fiber manufacturing device in the above [10] is provided with a heater on a side of the adiabatic sleeve on which a fiber is let out. This heater further heats in the adiabatic sleeve a fiber to be carbonized which has been carbonized by irradiation with microwaves. 
         [0046]    [11] A carbon fiber manufacturing method using the carbon fiber manufacturing device according to [6], including: 
         [0047]    a fiber supplying process for sequentially supplying a middle carbonized fiber having a carbon content rate of 66 to 72 mass % into the adiabatic sleeve; 
         [0048]    a microwave irradiating process for irradiating the middle carbonized fiber traveling in the adiabatic sleeve with microwaves under an inert atmosphere to produce a carbon fiber; and 
         [0049]    a carbon fiber taking-out process for sequentially taking out the carbon fiber from the adiabatic sleeve. 
         [0050]    The carbon fiber manufacturing method in the above [11] is a carbon fiber manufacturing method in which a middle carbonized fiber having a carbon content rate of 66 to 72 mass % is used as a fiber to be carbonized and is sequentially carbonized in the adiabatic sleeve. 
         [0051]    The following [12] to [18] relate to a third embodiment. The present embodiment is a carbon fiber manufacturing device further including a preliminary carbonization furnace using a rectangular waveguide in addition to the carbon fiber manufacturing device in the above [1] or [6]. 
         [0052]    [12] A carbon fiber manufacturing device including: 
         [0053]    (1) a first carbonization device including 
         [0054]    a rectangular cylindrical furnace including a rectangular waveguide in which a first end is closed, a fiber outlet being formed in the first end of the rectangular waveguide and a fiber inlet being formed in a second end of the rectangular waveguide, 
         [0055]    a microwave oscillator for introducing microwaves into the rectangular cylindrical furnace, and 
         [0056]    a connection waveguide having a first end connected to the microwave oscillator side and a second end connected to a first end of the rectangular cylindrical furnace; and 
         [0057]    (2) a second carbonization device including the carbon fiber manufacturing device according to [1]. 
         [0058]    The carbon fiber manufacturing device in the above [12] is a carbon fiber manufacturing device using the carbon fiber manufacturing device in the above [1] to [3] as a second carbonization furnace. In the upstream of the second carbonization furnace, a first carbonization furnace is arranged. The first carbonization furnace is a carbonization furnace using as a furnace body a rectangular waveguide in a TE mode in which an electromagnetic distribution has an electric field component in a direction perpendicular to a fiber traveling direction and irradiating a fiber to be carbonized traveling in the rectangular waveguide with microwaves at atmospheric pressure. 
         [0059]    [13] A carbon fiber manufacturing device including: 
         [0060]    (1) a first carbonization device including 
         [0061]    a rectangular cylindrical furnace including a rectangular waveguide in which a first end is closed, a fiber outlet being formed in the first end of the rectangular waveguide and a fiber inlet being formed in a second end of the rectangular waveguide, 
         [0062]    a microwave oscillator for introducing microwaves into the rectangular cylindrical furnace, and 
         [0063]    a connection waveguide having a first end connected to the microwave oscillator side and a second end connected to a first end of the rectangular cylindrical furnace; and 
         [0064]    (2) a second carbonization device including the carbon fiber manufacturing device according to [6]. 
         [0065]    The carbon fiber manufacturing device in the above [13] is a carbon fiber manufacturing device using the carbon fiber manufacturing device in the above [6] to [10] as a second carbonization furnace. In the upstream of the second carbonization furnace, a first carbonization furnace is arranged. 
         [0066]    [14] The carbon fiber manufacturing device according to [12] or [13], wherein the rectangular cylindrical furnace is a rectangular cylindrical furnace provided with a partition plate partitioning an interior of the rectangular cylindrical furnace into a microwave introducing portion and a fiber traveling portion along a center axis thereof, and 
         [0067]    wherein the partition plate has slits formed at predetermined intervals. 
         [0068]    In the carbon fiber manufacturing device in the above [14], the interior of a rectangular waveguide is partitioned into a microwave introducing portion and a fiber traveling portion by a partition plate. Microwaves resonant in the microwave introducing portion are emitted through slits formed in the partition plate to a fiber to be carbonized traveling in the fiber traveling portion. The fiber traveling portion is provided with an electromagnetic distribution generated by microwaves leaking from the microwave introducing portion to the fiber traveling portion through the slits of the partition plate. The leakage amount of microwaves leaking to the fiber traveling portion through the slits of the partition plate increases along with an increase of the carbon content of the fiber to be carbonized. 
         [0069]    [15] The carbon fiber manufacturing device according to [12] or [13], wherein an electromagnetic distribution in the furnace of the first carbonization device is in a TE mode, and an electromagnetic distribution in the furnace of the second carbonization device is in a TM mode. 
         [0070]    The carbon fiber manufacturing device in the above [15] is a carbon fiber manufacturing device combining a first carbonization furnace using as a furnace body a rectangular waveguide in which an electromagnetic distribution is in a TE mode having an electric field component in a direction perpendicular to a fiber traveling direction and a second carbonization furnace using as a furnace body a cylindrical waveguide in which an electromagnetic distribution is in a TM mode. 
         [0071]    [16] The carbon fiber manufacturing device according to [12] or [13], wherein an electromagnetic distribution in the connection waveguide is in a TE mode and has an electric field component parallel to a fiber traveling direction. 
         [0072]    The carbon fiber manufacturing device in the above [16] is a carbon fiber manufacturing device in which an electromagnetic distribution in a connection waveguide connected to a cylindrical waveguide is in a TE mode and has an electric field component parallel to a fiber traveling direction. This connection waveguide is arranged with a tube axis thereof perpendicular to a tube axis of the cylindrical furnace. Thus, both the cylindrical furnace and the connection waveguide have electric field components parallel to the fiber traveling direction. 
         [0073]    [17] A carbon fiber manufacturing method using the carbon fiber manufacturing device according to [12], including: 
         [0074]    (1) a fiber supplying process for sequentially supplying a pre-oxidation fiber from the fiber inlet of the first carbonization furnace into the rectangular cylindrical furnace, 
         [0075]    a microwave irradiating process for irradiating the pre-oxidation fiber traveling in the rectangular cylindrical furnace with microwaves under an inert atmosphere to produce a middle carbonized fiber having a carbon content rate of 66 to 72 mass %, and 
         [0076]    a middle carbonized fiber taking-out process for sequentially taking out the middle carbonized fiber from the fiber outlet of the first carbonization furnace; and 
         [0077]    (2) a fiber supplying process for sequentially supplying the middle carbonized fiber from the fiber inlet of the second carbonization furnace into the cylindrical furnace, 
         [0078]    a microwave irradiating process for irradiating the middle carbonized fiber traveling in the cylindrical furnace with microwaves under an inert atmosphere to produce a carbon fiber, and 
         [0079]    a carbon fiber taking-out process for sequentially taking out the carbon fiber from the fiber outlet of the second carbonization furnace. 
         [0080]    The carbon fiber manufacturing method in the above [17] is a carbon fiber manufacturing method in which a pre-oxidation fiber is used as a fiber to be carbonized and is carbonized in a rectangular waveguide in which an electromagnetic distribution is in a TE mode having an electric field component in a perpendicular direction to a fiber traveling direction to produce a middle carbonized fiber having a carbon content rate of 66 to 72 mass %, and in which this middle carbonized fiber is further carbonized in a cylindrical waveguide in which an electromagnetic distribution is in a TM mode. 
         [0081]    [18] A carbon fiber manufacturing method using the carbon fiber manufacturing device according to [13], including: 
         [0082]    (1) a fiber supplying process for sequentially supplying a pre-oxidation fiber from the fiber inlet of the first carbonization furnace into the rectangular cylindrical furnace, 
         [0083]    a microwave irradiating process for irradiating the pre-oxidation fiber traveling in the rectangular cylindrical furnace with microwaves under an inert atmosphere to produce a middle carbonized fiber having a carbon content rate of 66 to 72 mass %, and 
         [0084]    a middle carbonized fiber taking-out process for sequentially taking out the middle carbonized fiber from the fiber outlet of the first carbonization furnace; and 
         [0085]    (2) a fiber supplying process for sequentially supplying the middle carbonized fiber into the adiabatic sleeve, 
         [0086]    a microwave irradiating process for irradiating the middle carbonized fiber traveling in the adiabatic sleeve with microwaves under an inert atmosphere to produce a carbon fiber, and 
         [0087]    a carbon fiber taking-out process for sequentially taking out the carbon fiber from the adiabatic sleeve. 
         [0088]    The carbon fiber manufacturing method in the above [18] is a carbon fiber manufacturing method in which a pre-oxidation fiber is used as a fiber to be carbonized and is carbonized in a rectangular waveguide in which an electromagnetic distribution is in a TE mode having an electric field component in a perpendicular direction to a fiber traveling direction to produce a middle carbonized fiber having a carbon content rate of 66 to 72 mass %, and in which this middle carbonized fiber is further carbonized in an adiabatic sleeve. 
       Advantageous Effects of Invention 
       [0089]    A carbon fiber manufacturing device according to a first embodiment includes a carbonization furnace constituted by a cylindrical waveguide in which an electromagnetic distribution is in a TM mode. This carbonization furnace can perform carbonization of a fiber to be carbonized quickly in an area of the fiber having a high carbon content rate (specifically, the carbon content rate is 66 mass % or higher). 
         [0090]    A carbon fiber manufacturing device according to a second embodiment has an adiabatic sleeve in a furnace. Thus, radiation heat generated by heating a fiber to be carbonized through irradiation with microwaves can be held in the adiabatic sleeve. As a result, carbonization of the fiber to be carbonized is accelerated. In a case in which a heater is provided at a terminal end of the adiabatic sleeve, a carbon fiber carbonized through irradiation with microwaves can be further heated. Accordingly, the quality of the carbon fiber can be further improved. In a case in which a cylindrical waveguide in which an electromagnetic distribution is in a TM mode is used as a furnace body, carbonization of the fiber to be carbonized can be performed further quickly in an area of the fiber having a high carbon content rate (specifically, the carbon content rate is 66 mass % or higher). 
         [0091]    A carbon fiber manufacturing device according to a third embodiment has a preliminary carbonization furnace constituted by a rectangular waveguide in which an electromagnetic distribution is in a TE mode. This carbon fiber manufacturing device can perform carbonization of a fiber to be carbonized quickly in an area of the fiber having a low carbon content rate (specifically, the carbon content rate is less than 66 mass %). By combining a carbonization furnace constituted by a rectangular waveguide and a carbonization furnace constituted by a cylindrical waveguide, a carbonization process of a pre-oxidation fiber can be performed only by means of irradiation with microwaves without applying an electromagnetic wave absorber or other additives or external heating to the fiber to be carbonized. Since carbonization can be performed at atmospheric pressure in the carbon fiber manufacturing device according to each of the first to third embodiments, the fiber to be carbonized can be sequentially inserted through an inlet and an outlet formed in the furnace and carbonized. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
         [0092]      FIG. 1  illustrates a configuration example of a carbon fiber manufacturing device according to a first embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0093]      FIG. 2  illustrates an electric field distribution on a cross-section along the line segment G-H in  FIG. 1 . 
           [0094]      FIG. 3  illustrates a configuration example of a carbon fiber manufacturing device according to a second embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0095]      FIG. 4  illustrates an electric field distribution on a cross-section along the line segment G-H in  FIG. 1 . 
           [0096]      FIG. 5  illustrates another configuration example of a carbon fiber manufacturing device according to the second embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0097]      FIG. 6  illustrates a configuration example of a carbon fiber manufacturing device according to a third embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0098]      FIG. 7  illustrates an electric field distribution on a cross-section along the line segment C-D in  FIG. 6 . 
           [0099]      FIG. 8  illustrates another configuration example of a carbon fiber manufacturing device according to the third embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0100]      FIG. 9  illustrates another configuration example of a carbonization furnace  17  of a first carbonization device. 
           [0101]      FIG. 10  illustrates a structure of a partition plate  18 . 
       
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS 
       [0102]    Hereinbelow, a carbon fiber manufacturing device and a carbon fiber manufacturing method using the same according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. 
       (1) First Embodiment 
       [0103]      FIG. 1  illustrates a configuration example of a carbon fiber manufacturing device according to a first embodiment of the present invention. In  FIG. 1 , reference sign  200  refers to a carbon fiber manufacturing device, and reference sign  21  refers to a microwave oscillator. To the microwave oscillator  21 , one end of a connection waveguide  22  is connected, and the other end of the connection waveguide  22  is connected to one end of a carbonization furnace  27 . In this connection waveguide  22 , a circulator  23  and a matching unit  25  are interposed in this order from the side of the microwave oscillator  21 . 
         [0104]    The carbonization furnace  27  is closed at one end thereof and is connected to the connection waveguide  22  at the other end thereof. The carbonization furnace  27  is a cylindrical waveguide whose cross-section along the line segment E-F is formed in a circular hollow-centered shape. One end of the carbonization furnace  27  is provided with a fiber inlet  27   a  to introduce a fiber to be carbonized into the carbonization furnace while the other end thereof is provided with a fiber outlet  27   b  to take out the carbonized fiber. A short-circuit plate  27   c  is arranged at an inner end portion of the carbonization furnace  27  on the side of the fiber outlet  27   b.  To the circulator  23 , one end of a connection waveguide  24  is connected, and the other end of the connection waveguide  24  is connected to a dummy load  29 . 
         [0105]    Next, operations of this carbon fiber manufacturing device  200  will be described. In  FIG. 1 , reference sign  31   b  refers to a fiber to be carbonized, and the fiber to be carbonized  31   b  passes through an inlet  22   a  formed in the connection waveguide  22  and is carried into the carbonization furnace  27  from the fiber inlet  27   a  by means of a not-illustrated fiber carrying means. A microwave oscillated by the microwave oscillator  21  passes through the connection waveguide  22  and is introduced into the carbonization furnace  27 . The microwave that has reached the carbonization furnace  27  is reflected on the short-circuit plate  27   c  and reaches the circulator  23  via the matching unit  25 . The reflected microwave (hereinbelow referred to as “the reflected wave” as well) turns in a different direction at the circulator  23 , passes through the connection waveguide  24 , and is absorbed in the dummy load  29 . At this time, matching is performed between the matching unit  25  and the short-circuit plate  27   c  with use of the matching unit  25 , and a standing wave is generated in the carbonization furnace  27 . The fiber to be carbonized  31   b  is carbonized by this standing wave and becomes a carbon fiber  31   c.  It is to be noted that, at this time, the interior of the carbonization furnace  27  is at atmospheric pressure and is under an inert atmosphere by means of a not-illustrated inert gas supply means. The carbon fiber  31   c  passes through the fiber outlet  27   b  and is let out of the carbonization furnace  27  by means of the not-illustrated fiber carrying means. By sequentially introducing the fiber to be carbonized into the carbonization furnace  27  from the fiber inlet  27   a,  irradiating the fiber to be carbonized with microwaves in the carbonization furnace  27  to carbonize the fiber, and sequentially letting the fiber out from the fiber outlet  27   b,  the carbon fiber can be manufactured sequentially. The carbon fiber let out from the fiber outlet  27   b  is subject to a surface treatment and a size treatment as needed. The surface treatment and the size treatment may be performed in known methods. 
         [0106]    The carbonization furnace  27  is constituted by the cylindrical waveguide. The aforementioned microwave is introduced into the carbonization waveguide to cause a TM (Transverse Magnetic)-mode electromagnetic distribution to be formed in the carbonization furnace  27 . The TM mode is a transmission mode having an electric field component parallel to a tube axial direction of the waveguide (carbonization furnace  27 ) and a magnetic field component perpendicular to the electric field.  FIG. 2  illustrates an electric field distribution on a cross-section along the line segment G-H. In this carbon fiber manufacturing device, an electric field component  28  parallel to a traveling direction of the fiber to be carbonized  31   b  is formed, and the fiber to be carbonized  31   b  is thereby carbonized. In general, the fiber to be carbonized can be heated more strongly in the TM mode than in a below-mentioned TE mode. 
         [0107]    Although the frequency of the microwave is not particularly limited, 915 MHz or 2.45 GHz is generally used. Although the output of the microwave oscillator is not particularly limited, 300 to 2400 W is appropriate, and 500 to 2000 W is more appropriate. 
         [0108]    The shape of the cylindrical waveguide used as the carbonization furnace is not particularly limited as long as the TM-mode electromagnetic distribution can be formed in the cylindrical waveguide. In general, the length of the cylindrical waveguide is preferably 260 to 1040 mm and is more preferably a multiple of a resonance wavelength of the microwave. The inside diameter of the cylindrical waveguide is preferably 90 to 110 mm and preferably 95 to 105 mm. The material for the cylindrical waveguide is not particularly limited and is generally a metal such as stainless steel, iron, and copper. 
         [0109]    To heat and carbonize the fiber to be carbonized in the TM mode, the carbon content in the fiber to be carbonized is preferably 66 to 72 mass % and more preferably 67 to 71 mass %. In a case in which the carbon content is less than 66 mass %, the fiber to be carbonized is too low in conductivity and easily ruptures when the fiber is heated in the TM mode. In a case in which the carbon content is more than 72 mass %, the conductive fiber to be carbonized existing around the entrance of the carbonization furnace  27  absorbs or reflects microwaves. Thus, introduction of microwaves from the connection waveguide  22  into the carbonization furnace  27  is easily prevented. As a result, since carbonization inside the connection waveguide  22  is accelerated, the degree of progression of carbonization inside the carbonization furnace  27  is lowered, and as a whole, carbonization of the fiber to be carbonized tends to be insufficient. 
         [0110]    The carrying speed of the fiber to be carbonized in the carbonization furnace is preferably 0.05 to 10 m/min., more preferably 0.1 to 5.0 m/min., and especially preferably 0.3 to 2.0 m/min. 
         [0111]    The carbon content rate of the carbon fiber obtained in this manner is preferably 90 mass % and more preferably 91 mass %. 
       (2) Second Embodiment 
       [0112]      FIG. 3  illustrates a configuration example of a carbon fiber manufacturing device according to a second embodiment of the present invention. In  FIG. 3 , reference sign  400  refers to a carbon fiber manufacturing device. Identical components to those in  FIG. 1  are shown with the same reference signs, and description of the duplicate components is omitted. Reference sign  47  refers to a carbonization furnace. The carbonization furnace  47  is a cylindrical tube closed at one end thereof and connected to the connection waveguide  22  at the other end thereof. In this carbonization furnace  47 , an adiabatic sleeve  26  having a center axis parallel to a tube axis of the carbonization furnace  47  is arranged. One end of the adiabatic sleeve  26  is provided with a fiber inlet  47   a  to introduce a fiber to be carbonized into the carbonization furnace while the other end thereof is provided with a fiber outlet  47   b  to take out the carbonized fiber. A short-circuit plate  47   c  is arranged at an inner end portion of the carbonization furnace  47  on the side of the fiber outlet  47   b.    
         [0113]    Next, operations of this carbon fiber manufacturing device  400  will be described. In  FIG. 3 , reference sign  31   b  refers to a fiber to be carbonized, and the fiber to be carbonized  31   b  passes through the inlet  22   a  formed in the connection waveguide  22  and is carried into the adiabatic sleeve  26  in the carbonization furnace  47  from the fiber inlet  47   a  by means of a not-illustrated fiber carrying means. As with the first embodiment, the fiber to be carbonized  31   b  is carbonized in the carbonization furnace  47  and becomes the carbon fiber  31   c.    
         [0114]    The fiber to be carbonized  31   b  is irradiated with microwaves and is thereby heated. At this time, since the adiabatic sleeve  26  shields radiation heat generated by heating of the fiber to be carbonized  31   b  and restricts heat dissipation, the interior of the adiabatic sleeve  26  is kept at a high temperature. The interior of the adiabatic sleeve  26  is at atmospheric pressure and is under an inert atmosphere by means of a not-illustrated inert gas supply means. 
         [0115]    The carbon fiber  31   c  passes through the fiber outlet  47   b  and is let out of the carbonization furnace  47  by means of the not-illustrated fiber carrying means. By sequentially introducing the fiber to be carbonized into the adiabatic sleeve  26  from the fiber inlet  47   a,  irradiating the fiber to be carbonized with microwaves in the adiabatic sleeve  26  to carbonize the fiber, and sequentially letting the fiber out from the fiber outlet  47   b,  the carbon fiber can be manufactured sequentially. 
         [0116]    The frequency of the microwave is similar to that in the first embodiment. 
         [0117]    The adiabatic sleeve  26  is preferably cylindrical. The inside diameter of the cylindrical adiabatic sleeve  26  is preferably 15 to 55 mm and more preferably 25 to 45 mm. The outside diameter of the adiabatic sleeve  26  is preferably 20 to 60 mm and more preferably 30 to 50 mm. The length of the adiabatic sleeve  26  is not particularly limited and generally 100 to 2500 mm. The material for the adiabatic sleeve  26  needs to be a material transmitting microwaves. The microwave transmittance at an ambient temperature (25° C.) is preferably 90 to 100% and more preferably 95 to 100%. Examples of such a material are mixtures of alumina, silica, magnesia, and the like. Each end of the adiabatic sleeve  26  may be provided with a material absorbing microwaves to prevent leakage of the microwaves. 
         [0118]    An outer circumferential portion of the adiabatic sleeve  26  on the fiber outlet side, which is a furnace body internal portion or a furnace body external portion of the carbonization furnace  27 , is preferably provided with a heater.  FIG. 5  illustrates a configuration example of a carbon fiber manufacturing device provided with a heater. In  FIG. 5 , reference sign  401  refers to a carbon fiber manufacturing device, and reference sign  30  refers to a heater. The heater  30  is arranged at an outer circumferential portion of the adiabatic sleeve  26  on the side of the fiber outlet  47   b  at an external portion of the carbonization furnace  47 . The other configuration is similar to that in  FIG. 3 . 
         [0119]    The carbonization furnace  47  is preferably cylindrical. The inside diameter of the cylindrical carbonization furnace  47  is preferably 90 to 110 mm and more preferably 95 to 105 mm. The length of the carbonization furnace  47  is preferably 260 to 2080 mm. The material for the carbonization furnace  47  is similar to that in the first embodiment. 
         [0120]    As the carbonization furnace  47 , a waveguide is preferably used, and a cylindrical waveguide enabling a TM-mode electromagnetic distribution to be formed in the carbonization furnace  47  is more preferably used. The aforementioned microwave is introduced into the carbonization waveguide to cause the TM (Transverse Magnetic)-mode electromagnetic distribution to be formed in the carbonization furnace  47 .  FIG. 4  illustrates an electric field distribution on a cross-section along the line segment G-H. In this carbon fiber manufacturing device, an electric component  38  parallel to a traveling direction of the fiber to be carbonized  31   b  is formed, and the fiber to be carbonized  31   b  is thereby heated. 
         [0121]    The carrying speed of the fiber to be carbonized in the carbonization furnace is similar to that in the first embodiment. 
       (3) Third Embodiment 
       [0122]    A third embodiment of the present invention is a carbon fiber manufacturing device in which a preliminary carbonization furnace using microwaves is further arranged in the upstream of the carbon fiber manufacturing device according to the above first or second embodiment.  FIG. 6  illustrates a configuration example of a carbon fiber manufacturing device in which a preliminary carbonization furnace using microwaves is further arranged in the upstream of the carbon fiber manufacturing device according to the first embodiment. Identical components to those in  FIG. 1  are shown with the same reference signs, and description of the duplicate components is omitted. In  FIG. 6 , reference sign  300  refers to a carbon fiber manufacturing device, and reference sign  100  refers to a first carbonization device. Reference sign  200  refers to a second carbonization device and is equal to the carbon fiber manufacturing device  200  according to the above first embodiment (in the third embodiment, reference sign  200  also refers to “a second carbonization device”). Reference sign  11  refers to a microwave oscillator. To the microwave oscillator  11 , one end of a connection waveguide  12  is connected, and the other end of the connection waveguide  12  is connected to one end of a carbonization furnace  17 . In this connection waveguide  12 , a circulator  13  and a matching unit  15  are interposed in this order from the side of the microwave oscillator  11 . 
         [0123]    The carbonization furnace  17  is a rectangular waveguide which is closed at both ends thereof and whose cross-section along the line segment A-B is formed in a rectangular hollow-centered shape. One end of the carbonization furnace  17  is provided with a fiber inlet  17   a  to introduce a fiber to be carbonized into the carbonization furnace while the other end thereof is provided with a fiber outlet  17   b  to take out the carbonized fiber. A short-circuit plate  17   c  is arranged at an inner end portion of the carbonization furnace  17  on the side of the fiber outlet  17   b.  To the circulator  13 , one end of a connection waveguide  14  is connected, and the other end of the connection waveguide  14  is connected to a dummy load  19 . 
         [0124]    Next, operations of this carbon fiber manufacturing device  300  will be described. In  FIG. 6 , reference sign  31   a  refers to a pre-oxidation fiber, and the pre-oxidation fiber  31   a  passes through an inlet  12   a  formed in the connection waveguide  12  and is carried into the carbonization furnace  17  from the fiber inlet  17   a  by means of a not-illustrated fiber carrying means. A microwave oscillated by the microwave oscillator  11  passes through the connection waveguide  12  and is introduced into the carbonization furnace  17 . The microwave that has reached the carbonization furnace  17  is reflected on the short-circuit plate  17   c  and reaches the circulator  13  via the matching unit  15 . The reflected wave turns in a different direction at the circulator  13 , passes through the connection waveguide  14 , and is absorbed in the dummy load  19 . At this time, matching is performed between the matching unit  15  and the short-circuit plate  17   c  with use of the matching unit  15 , and a standing wave is generated in the carbonization furnace  17 . The pre-oxidation fiber  31   a  is carbonized by this standing wave and becomes a middle carbonized fiber  31   b.  It is to be noted that, at this time, the interior of the carbonization furnace  17  is at atmospheric pressure and is under an inert atmosphere by means of a not-illustrated inert gas supply means. The middle carbonized fiber  31   b  passes through the fiber outlet  17   b  and is let out of the carbonization furnace  17  by means of the not-illustrated fiber carrying means. The middle carbonized fiber  31   b  is thereafter transmitted to the carbon fiber manufacturing device (second carbonization device)  200  described in the first embodiment, and the carbon fiber  31   c  is manufactured. 
         [0125]    The carbonization furnace  17  is constituted by the rectangular waveguide. The aforementioned microwave is introduced into the carbonization waveguide to cause a TE (Transverse Electric)-mode electromagnetic distribution to be formed in the carbonization furnace  17 . The TE mode is a transmission mode having an electric field component perpendicular to a tube axial direction of the waveguide (carbonization furnace  17 ) and a magnetic field component perpendicular to the electric field.  FIG. 7  illustrates an electric field distribution on a cross-section along the line segment C-D. In this carbon fiber manufacturing device, an electric field component  32  perpendicular to the fiber to be carbonized  31   a  traveling in the carbonization furnace  17  is formed, and the fiber to be carbonized  31   a  is thereby carbonized. 
         [0126]    The shape of the rectangular waveguide used as the carbonization furnace is not particularly limited as long as the TE-mode electromagnetic distribution can be formed in the rectangular waveguide. In general, the length of the rectangular waveguide is preferably 500 to 1500 mm. The aperture of the cross-section orthogonal to the tube axis of the rectangular waveguide preferably has its longer side of 105 to 115 mm and its shorter side of 50 to 60 mm. The material for the rectangular waveguide is not particularly limited and is generally a metal such as stainless steel, iron, and copper. 
         [0127]    The frequency of the microwave is one described in the first embodiment. The output of the microwave oscillator of the first carbonization device  100  is not particularly limited, 300 to 2400 W is appropriate, and 500 to 2000 W is more appropriate. 
         [0128]    The carbon content in the middle carbonized fiber obtained by heating the pre-oxidation fiber in the TE mode is preferably 66 to 72 mass %. In a case in which the carbon content is less than 66 mass %, the fiber to be carbonized is too low in conductivity and easily ruptures when the fiber is heated in the TM mode in the second carbonization device  200 . In a case in which the fiber is heated in the TE mode with the carbon content of over 72 mass %, abnormal heating occurs locally, and the fiber easily ruptures. Further, the conductive fiber to be carbonized existing around the entrance of the carbonization furnace  27  in the second carbonization device  200  absorbs or reflects microwaves, and introduction of microwaves from the connection waveguide  22  into the carbonization furnace  27  is easily prevented. Since carbonization inside the connection waveguide  22  is accelerated, the degree of progression of carbonization inside the carbonization furnace  27  is lowered, and as a whole, carbonization of the fiber to be carbonized tends to be insufficient. 
         [0129]    The carrying speed of the fiber to be carbonized in the first carbonization device is preferably 0.05 to 10 m/min., more preferably 0.1 to 5.0 m/min., and especially preferably 0.3 to 2.0 m/min. The carrying speed of the fiber to be carbonized in the second carbonization device is one described in the first embodiment. 
         [0130]      FIG. 8  illustrates a configuration example of a carbon fiber manufacturing device in which a first carbonization device using microwaves is further arranged in the upstream of the carbon fiber manufacturing device according to the second embodiment. Identical components to those in  FIGS. 3 and 6  are shown with the same reference signs, and description of the duplicate components is omitted. In  FIG. 8 , reference sign  500  refers to a carbon fiber manufacturing device, reference sign  100  refers to a first carbonization device, and reference sign  400  refers to the aforementioned carbon fiber manufacturing device  400 . Operations of this carbon fiber manufacturing device are similar to those of the carbon fiber manufacturing device  300 . 
         [0131]    In the first carbonization device  100  of the carbon fiber manufacturing devices  300  and  500  according to the present invention, the interior of the first carbonization furnace  17  is preferably provided with a partition plate partitioning the interior into a microwave introducing portion and a fiber traveling portion along a center axis thereof. 
         [0132]      FIG. 9  illustrates another configuration example of the carbonization furnace  17  of the first carbonization device. The interior of the carbonization furnace  17  is provided with a partition plate  18  partitioning the interior into a microwave standing portion  16   a  and a fiber traveling portion  16   b  along a center axis thereof.  FIG. 10  illustrates a structure of the partition plate  18 . The partition plate  18  is provided with a plurality of slits  18   a  serving as through holes at predetermined intervals. Each of the slits  18   a  functions to leak microwaves from the microwave introducing portion  16   a  to the fiber traveling portion  16   b.  The connection waveguide  12  is connected to the side of the microwave introducing portion  16   a,  and standing waves in the microwave introducing portion  16   a  leak via the slits  18   a  formed in the partition plate  18  to the side of the fiber traveling portion  16   b.  The leakage amount varies depending on the dielectric constant of the fiber traveling in the fiber traveling portion  16   b.  That is, the amount of microwaves to be absorbed in the fiber gradually increases along with progression of carbonization. Thus, carbonization progresses by means of dielectric heating in an initial stage of carbonization of the pre-oxidation fiber  31   a  and by means of resistance heating in a progressed stage of carbonization of the pre-oxidation fiber  31   a.  Accordingly, an irradiation state of microwaves can automatically be changed in accordance with the degree of carbonization of the fiber to be carbonized. Thus, carbonization of the fiber to be carbonized can be performed more efficiently. 
         [0133]    A distance  18   b  between center points of the slits is preferably 74 to 148 mm and is preferably a multiple of ½ of a resonance wavelength of the microwave. 
       EXAMPLES 
       [0134]    Hereinbelow, the present invention will be described further in detail by examples. The present invention is not limited to these examples. 
         [0135]    In the following examples, a pre-oxidation fiber refers to an oxidized PAN fiber having a carbon content rate of 60 mass %, and a middle carbonized fiber refers to a middle carbonized PAN fiber having a carbon content rate of 66 mass %. As for evaluation of “Carbonization Determination,” a case in which the carbon content rate of a carbonized fiber is 90 mass % or higher is graded as ◯ while a case in which it is less than 90 mass % is graded as ×. As for evaluation of “Process Stability,” a case in which the fiber does not rupture during carbonization is graded as ◯ while a case in which the fiber ruptures is graded as ×. As for “Output” of microwaves, “High” means 1500 W, “Middle” means 1250 W, and “Low” means 1000 W. As for “Carrying Speed Ratio of Fiber to be Carbonized,” the ratio when the carrying speed in a conventional method is one time is shown. “Single Fiber Tensile Strength” is determined through a single fiber tensile strength test, and as for evaluation thereof, tensile strength of 3 GPa or higher is graded as ◯ while tensile strength of less than 3 GPa is graded as ×. 
       Example 1 
       [0136]    The carbon fiber manufacturing device according to the first embodiment (the frequency of the microwave oscillator was 2.45 GHz, and the output was 1200 W) was prepared. As the carbonization furnace, a cylindrical waveguide having an inside diameter of 98 mm, an outside diameter of 105 mm, and a length of 260 mm was used. Microwaves were introduced into the carbonization furnace under a nitrogen gas atmosphere to form a TM-mode electromagnetic distribution. A middle carbonized fiber was made to travel at 0.2 m/min., and was carbonized in this carbonization furnace to produce a carbon fiber. The carbon content rate of the produced carbon fiber was 90 mass %, and no rupture of the fiber was found. 
       Example 2 
       [0137]    The carbon fiber manufacturing device according to the second embodiment (in the first carbonization device, the frequency of the microwave oscillator was 2.45 GHz, and the output was 500 W, and in the second carbonization device, the frequency of the microwave oscillator was 2.45 GHz, and the output was 1200 W) was prepared. As the first carbonization furnace, a rectangular waveguide whose cross-section was formed in a rectangular shape with a longer side of 110 mm and a shorter side of 55 mm, which had a hollow-centered structure, and which was 1000 mm in length was used. In the rectangular waveguide, a partition plate provided with slits having a distance, between center points of the slits, of 74 mm, was arranged to split the interior of the rectangular waveguide into two. As the second carbonization device, a cylindrical waveguide having an inside diameter of 98 mm, an outside diameter of 105 mm, and a length of 260 mm was used. Microwaves were introduced into the carbonization furnace under a nitrogen gas atmosphere to form a TE-mode electromagnetic distribution in the first carbonization furnace and a TM-mode electromagnetic distribution in the second carbonization furnace. A pre-oxidation fiber was made to travel at 0.2 m/min. and was carbonized in the first carbonization device and the second carbonization device in this order to produce a carbon fiber. The carbon content rate of the produced carbon fiber was 93 mass %, and no rupture of the fiber was found. 
       Comparative Example 1 
       [0138]    Carbonization was performed in a similar manner to that in Example 1 except that a rectangular waveguide whose cross-section was formed in a rectangular shape with a longer side of 110 mm and a shorter side of 55 mm, which had a hollow-centered structure, and which was 1000 mm in length was used as the carbonization furnace. The carbon content rate of a produced carbon fiber was 91 mass %, but partial rupture was found in the fiber. 
       Comparative Example 2 
       [0139]    When carbonization was performed in a similar manner to that in Example 1 except that the fiber to be carbonized that was made to travel in the carbonization furnace was changed to a pre-oxidation fiber, a produced fiber ruptured. 
       Comparative Example 3 
       [0140]    Carbonization was performed in a similar manner to that in Example 1 except that a rectangular waveguide whose cross-section was formed in a rectangular shape with a longer side of 110 mm and a shorter side of 55 mm, which had a hollow-centered structure, and which was 1000 mm in length was used as the carbonization furnace, and that the fiber to be carbonized that was made to travel in the carbonization furnace was changed to a pre-oxidation fiber. Carbonization of a produced fiber was insufficient. 
       Comparative Example 4 
       [0141]    Carbonization was performed in a similar manner to that in Example 1 except that a rectangular waveguide whose cross-section was formed in a rectangular shape with a longer side of 110 mm and a shorter side of 55 mm, which had a hollow-centered structure, which was 1000 mm in length, and in which a partition plate provided with slits having a distance, between center points of the slits, of 74 mm, was arranged to split the interior of the rectangular waveguide into two was used as the carbonization furnace. A middle carbonized fiber suitable for being supplied to the second carbonization device was obtained. 
       Reference Example 1 
       [0142]    An electric furnace (heating furnace using no microwaves) was used as the carbonization furnace, and a pre-oxidation fiber was carbonized in a known method to produce a carbon fiber. The carbon content rate of the produced carbon fiber was 95 mass %, and no rupture of the fiber was found. 
         [0143]    The results of the above examples are shown in Table 1. When the carbon fiber manufacturing device according to the present invention is used, a carbon fiber having an equivalent carbon content rate to that in a conventional external heating method can be manufactured. As for the manufacturing speed of the carbon fiber, the carbon fiber manufacturing device according to the present invention is three or more times as fast as the conventional carbon fiber manufacturing device. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Carrying Speed 
                 Carbon Content 
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 of Fiber to be 
                 Rate of 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Heating 
                 Electromagnetic 
                 Fiber to be 
                 Carbonized 
                 Carbonized Fiber 
                 Carbonization 
                 Process 
               
               
                   
                 Method 
                 Distribution 
                 Carbonized 
                 (m/min.) 
                 (mass %) 
                 Determination 
                 Stability 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Example 1 
                 Microwave 
                 TM 
                 Middle 
                 0.2 
                 91 
                 ∘ 
                 ∘ 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Carbonized 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Fiber 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Example 2 
                 Microwave 
                 TE + TM 
                 Pre-oxidation 
                 0.2 
                 93 
                 ∘ 
                 ∘ 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 fiber 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Microwave 
                 TE 
                 Middle 
                 0.2 
                 91 
                 ∘ 
                 x 
               
               
                 Example 1 
                   
                   
                 Carbonized 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Fiber 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Microwave 
                 TM 
                 Pre-oxidation 
                 0.2 
                 — 
                 x 
                 x 
               
               
                 Example 2 
                   
                   
                 fiber 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Microwave 
                 TE 
                 Pre-oxidation 
                 0.2 
                 63 
                 — 
                 x 
               
               
                 Example 3 
                   
                   
                 fiber 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Microwave 
                 TE 
                 Pre-oxidation 
                 0.2 
                 69 
                 — 
                 ∘ 
               
               
                 Example 4 
                   
                   
                 fiber 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Reference 
                 External 
                 — 
                 Pre-oxidation 
                 0.06 
                 95 
                 ∘ 
                 ∘ 
               
               
                 Example 1 
                 Heating 
                   
                 fiber 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Reference Example 2 
       [0144]    An electric furnace (heating furnace using no microwaves) whose aperture of the cross-section orthogonal to the fiber traveling direction was formed in a rectangular shape with a longer side of 110 mm and a shorter side of 55 mm, which had a hollow-centered structure, and which was 260 mm in furnace length was used as the carbonization furnace, and a middle carbonized fiber was made to travel therein at 0.1 m/min. and was carbonized to produce a carbon fiber. The carbon content rate of the produced carbon fiber was 95 mass %, and no rupture of the fiber was found. 
       Example 3 
       [0145]    The carbon fiber manufacturing device illustrated in  FIG. 3  (the frequency of the microwave oscillator was 2.45 GHz) was prepared. As the carbonization furnace, a cylindrical waveguide having an inside diameter of 98 mm, an outside diameter of 105 mm, and a length of 260 mm was used. As the adiabatic sleeve, a cylindrical white porcelain tube having an inside diameter of 35 mm, an outside diameter of 38 mm, and a length of 250 mm (microwave transmittance=94%) was used. Microwaves were introduced into the carbonization furnace under a nitrogen gas atmosphere to form a TM-mode electromagnetic distribution. The output of the microwave oscillator was set to “Low.” A middle carbonized fiber was made to travel at 0.3 m/min. and was carbonized in this carbonization furnace to produce a carbon fiber. The carbon content rate of the produced carbon fiber was 91 mass %, and no rupture of the fiber was found. The evaluation result is shown in Table 2. 
       Examples 4 and 5 
       [0146]    In each of Examples 4 and 5, a similar procedure to that in Example 3 was performed except that the output of the microwave oscillator was changed as described in Table 2 to obtain a carbon fiber. The results are shown in Table 2. 
       Example 6 
       [0147]    A similar procedure to that in Example 3 was performed except that the heater was arranged at the outer circumferential portion of the adiabatic sleeve extended 10 cm outward from the fiber outlet to obtain a carbon fiber. The result is shown in Table 2. 
       Example 7 
       [0148]    The carbon fiber manufacturing device illustrated in  FIG. 3  (the frequency of the microwave oscillator was 2.45 GHz) was prepared. As the carbonization furnace, a rectangular waveguide was used. The rectangular waveguide was 1000 mm in length, and the size of the aperture of the cross-section orthogonal to the tube axis thereof was 110×55 mm. As the adiabatic sleeve, a cylindrical white porcelain tube having an inside diameter of 35 mm, an outside diameter of 38 mm, and a length of 250 mm was used. Microwaves were introduced into the carbonization furnace under a nitrogen gas atmosphere to form a TE-mode electromagnetic distribution. The output of the microwave oscillator was set to “High.” A middle carbonized fiber was made to travel at 0.1 m/min. and was carbonized in this carbonization furnace to produce a carbon fiber. The carbon content rate of the produced carbon fiber was 93 mass %, and no rupture of the fiber was found. The evaluation result is shown in Table 2. 
       Comparative Examples 5 to 7 
       [0149]    In each of Comparative Examples 5 to 7, the same carbon fiber manufacturing device as that in Example 3 was used except that no adiabatic sleeve was provided. A similar procedure to that in Example 3 was performed except that the output of the microwave oscillator was changed as described in Table 2 to obtain a carbon fiber. The results are shown in Table 2. 
       Comparative Example 8 
       [0150]    The same carbon fiber manufacturing device as that in Example 3 was used except that no adiabatic sleeve was provided. A similar procedure to that in Example 3 was performed except that the carrying speed of the middle carbonized fiber was set to 0.1 m/min. to obtain a carbon fiber. The result is shown in Table 2. 
       Comparative Example 9 
       [0151]    The same carbon fiber manufacturing device as that in Example 7 was used except that no adiabatic sleeve was provided, and a similar procedure to that in Example 7 was performed to obtain a carbon fiber. The result is shown in Table 2. 
         [0152]    The carbon fiber manufacturing device according to the present invention provided with the adiabatic sleeve can cause the carbon content amount of the fiber to be carbonized to be larger than that in a carbon fiber manufacturing device provided with no adiabatic sleeve. This can accelerate the carrying speed of the carbon fiber and can improve a production efficiency. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Carrying 
                 Carbon Content 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Adiabatic 
                 Speed Ratio 
                 Rate of 
                 Single 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Sleeve 
                 of Fiber  
                 Carbonized 
                 Fiber 
               
               
                   
                 Heating 
                 Electromagnetic 
                   
                 Provided/Not 
                 to be 
                 Fiber 
                 Tensile 
               
               
                   
                 Method 
                 Distribution 
                 Output 
                 Provided 
                 Carbonized 
                 (mass %) 
                 Strength 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Reference 
                 External 
                 — 
                 — 
                 Not Provided 
                 One Time 
                 95 
                 ∘ 
               
               
                 Example 2 
                 Heating 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Example 3 
                 Microwave 
                 TM 
                 Low 
                 Provided 
                 Three Times 
                 91 
                 ∘ 
               
               
                 Example 4 
                 Microwave 
                 TM 
                 Middle 
                 Provided 
                 Three Times 
                 92 
                 ∘ 
               
               
                 Example 3 
                 Microwave 
                 TM 
                 High 
                 Provided 
                 Three Times 
                 94 
                 ∘ 
               
               
                 Example 6 
                 Microwave 
                 TM 
                 High 
                 Provided 
                 Three Times 
                 95 
                 ∘ 
               
               
                 Example 7 
                 Microwave 
                 TE 
                 High 
                 Provided 
                 One Time 
                 93 
                 ∘ 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Microwave 
                 TM 
                 Low 
                 Not Provided 
                 Three Times 
                 77 
                 x 
               
               
                 Example 5 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Microwave 
                 TM 
                 Middle 
                 Not Provided 
                 Three Times 
                 78 
                 x 
               
               
                 Example 6 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Microwave 
                 TM 
                 High 
                 Not Provided 
                 Three Times 
                 82 
                 x 
               
               
                 Example 7 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Microwave 
                 TM 
                 High 
                 Not Provided 
                 One Time 
                 90 
                 x 
               
               
                 Example 8 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Microwave 
                 TE 
                 High 
                 Not Provided 
                 One Time 
                 89 
                 x 
               
               
                 Example 9 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 
       [0000]    
       
           100  . . . first carbonization device (preliminary carbonization device) 
           200 ,  400  . . . carbon fiber manufacturing device (second carbonization device) 
           300 ,  500  . . . carbon fiber manufacturing device 
           11 ,  21  . . . microwave oscillator 
           12 ,  14 ,  22 ,  24  . . . connection waveguide 
           12   a,    22   a  . . . inlet 
           13 ,  23  . . . circulator 
           15 ,  25  . . . matching unit 
           16   a  . . . microwave introducing portion 
           16   b  . . . fiber traveling portion 
           17 ,  27 ,  47  . . . carbonization furnace 
           17   a  . . . fiber inlet 
           17   b  . . . fiber outlet 
           17   c  . . . short-circuit plate 
           18  . . . partition plate 
           18   a  . . . slit 
           18   b  . . . distance between center points of slits 
           26  . . . adiabatic sleeve 
           27   a,    47   a  . . . fiber inlet 
           27   b,    47   b  . . . fiber outlet 
           27   c,    47   c  . . . short-circuit plate 
           28  . . . electric field in cylindrical waveguide 
           19 ,  29  . . . dummy load 
           30  . . . heater 
           31   a  . . . pre-oxidation fiber 
           31   b  . . . middle carbonized fiber 
           31   c  . . . carbon fiber 
           32  . . . electric field in rectangular waveguide 
           36  . . . electric field in rectangular waveguide 
           38  . . . electric field in cylindrical waveguide