Abstract:
Methods and systems are disclosed for monitoring water leaks within a home. A home network with various devices monitors these devices with a controller. Information is received from a water flow meter via a transceiver for tracking a total water flow amount through pipelines in the home. By comparing information collected to a predetermined threshold, a leak is determined as present or not within each pipeline. Upon the detection of a leak in the home, a home owner is notified of the condition so that action is taken expeditiously. A shut off valve can be triggered remotely when a request is received from the user, which closes the water pipeline to prevent water damage.

Description:
BACKGROUND 
     The present disclosure relates generally to methods for monitoring water pipelines and water consuming devices of a home network and systems for operating the same. More particularly, it relates to monitoring water flow of water pipes and detecting leaks therein. 
     A leaky pipe in a home always occurs at the worst possible moment. The leak may come from any number of devices or pipes in the home. The damage that results varies from no damage at all to major repairs and cost having to be expended. In some instances, water consuming devices in the home have malfunctioned and need to be replaced. When appliances break down that are often part of everyday life, the leak may be quickly noticeable and a fix can be quickly pursued. 
     For example, water heating storage tanks are used for storing and supplying hot water to households. A typical residential water heater holds about fifty gallons (190 liters) of water inside a steel reservoir tank. A thermostat is used to control the temperature of the water inside the tank. Many water heaters permit a consumer to set the thermostat to a temperature between 90 and 150 degrees Fahrenheit (F) (32 to 65 degrees Celsius (C)). To prevent scalding and to save energy, most consumers set the thermostat to heat the reservoir water to a temperature in a range between 120.0 degrees F. to 140.0 degrees F. (about forty-nine degrees C. to sixty degrees C.). As water heating and storage systems typically have a lifespan of about fifteen to twenty years varying upon the type of system. With age, the possibility of a leak in the pipes to the system increases, which potentially cause damage to the surrounding home structure, such as water through a ceiling. In addition, if a leak is not large enough to be immediately noticeable the efficiency of the water heater is compromised, and thus, a homeowner&#39;s water cost, heating and storage efficiency can suffer. 
     When a leak is present within a pipe, however, the leak may not be as noticeable as water dripping from the ceiling or a flooded basement when a hot water heater has broken down. Various pipes are often interlocked throughout a home to supply a continuous supply of water to many various devices (e.g., refrigerator faucets, washers, etc.). Pipeline leaks have the potential to go unnoticed for longer periods of time, if the leak is small. However, over time an equal or greater amount of damage may ensue. Damage includes loss to structure, foundational shifting, water utility cost increases, increased mold and insect infestation, etc. from a continuous flow of water leaking. 
     Thus, there is a need for a system that can reduce the amount of damage and cost to homes by quickly identifying leaky pipes or devices spilling water into the home and notifying the owner. 
     SUMMARY 
     The present disclosure provides a method for use within an energy management system that alerts the homeowner of a potential water leak. A central controller (e.g., a home energy manager) communicates wired/wireless signals to one or more water meters coupled to a main water pipeline and/or to various water consuming devices, such as a washer, dishwasher, sinks, toilet, etc throughout the home. The water consumption for each device and/or pipeline coupled thereto, and if a value that is out of range of the average is detected or exceeds a predetermined threshold value, the home owner is notified via a system display, a text message, or other communication method about the leak. 
     In one embodiment, a home network with a central controller includes at least one water meter or flow meter for measuring water that is consumed by a water consuming device. The central controller communicates with the water meter to receive information about the water flow. The central controller tracks a total water flow amount of the water pipeline during a period of time. A leak is determined as existing by comparing the total water flow amount through the pipe over the period of time to a predetermined threshold. If the water flow amount is greater than the expected threshold amount over the period of time, a potential leak has been detected. Upon determining the leak as existing, a warning from the central controller of the home is provided to the user. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is an isometric view of a water monitoring system in accordance with an illustrative embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 2  illustrates water measuring and communication devices in accordance with an illustrative embodiment of the present disclosure; and 
         FIG. 3  illustrates a flow diagram for monitoring water consumption of a home. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Referring to  FIG. 1 , illustrated is an exemplary home energy management system  8  for one or more devices  12 ,  14  and  16  communicatively linked to a home area network. The devices  12 ,  14  and  16  comprise electronic devices, devices that are electronic and water consuming with a water pipeline connected, and devices that are only water consuming without any electronics necessary. For example, the device  12  includes one or more home appliances or processing elements of a home that does not have a water pipeline connected to it and is not a water consuming device. The device  14  includes a water consuming device that is operational with an electronic device control board  26 , (e.g., a dishwasher or refrigerator), and the device  16  comprises one or more water consuming devices, which does not have an electronic control therein, such as a toilet, sink or faucet. For example, the device  14 , and/or  16 , is a water heater, a toilet, a sink, a shower, an outdoor faucet of any kind, a water storage tank, a dishwasher, a refrigerator, any washing machine, and/or any device connected to a water line. The device  12  may also be one or more appliances (e.g., HVAC unit, or other home appliance), or processors, such as a home energy manager or a programmable communicating thermostat, or any other energy consuming devices other than appliances or water consuming devices that are coupled to the home network. The devices within the system  8 , therefore, include both water consuming and electrically operated devices, and combinations thereof. 
     The home energy management system  8  includes a central controller  10  for managing power consumption and monitoring water consumption within a household. The controller  10  includes a micro processor, which is programmed to selectively send and/or receive signals to a device control board  24  and  26  of devices  12  and  14 , for example, in response to the input signal it receives. The device controllers  24  and  26 , in turn, are operable to manipulate energizing of the power consuming features/functions thereof according to a programming selection. 
     Within the home management system  8 , the central controller  10  is configured to receive a signal  13  by a receiver and process the signal indicative of one or more energy parameters and/or a utility state of an associated energy supplying utility, for example, including availability and/or current cost of supplied energy. There are several ways to accomplish this communication, including but not limited to power line carrier (PLC) (also known as power line communication), FM, AM SSB, WiFi, ZigBee, Radio Broadcast Data System, 802.11, 802.15.4, etc. The energy signal may be generated by a utility provider, such as a power company or energy provider, and can be transmitted via a power line, as a radio frequency signal, or by any other means for transmitting a signal when the utility provider desires to reduce demand for its resources. The cost can be indicative of the state of the demand for the utility&#39;s energy. For example, a relatively high price or cost of supplied energy is typically associated with a peak demand state/period and a relative low price or cost is typically associated with an off-peak demand state/period. 
     The controller  10  is configured to communicate with, control and/or operate the devices  12  and/or  14  in one of a plurality of operating modes, including at least a normal operating mode and an energy savings mode in response to the received signal. Specifically, the devices  12  and/or  14  can be operated in the normal operating mode during the off-peak demand state or period and can be operated in the energy savings mode during the peak demand state or period. The central controller  10  can be configured to communicate with the devices, in no particular necessary manner or protocol, to precipitate the return of the devices to the normal operating mode after the peak demand period is over. Alternatively, the control board of each appliance could be configured to receive communication directly from the utility, process this input, and in turn, invoke the energy savings modes, without the use of the centralized controller  10 . 
     The devices  14  and  16 , which are water consuming devices, receive water from a main water inlet pipe  50  for moving water thereto. The main inlet pipe  50 , for example, provides water to all devices of the home that consume water, such as through branch pipelines  60  and  70  that run from the main water inlet pipe  50  to devices  14  and  16  respectively. The device  14  includes the device control board  26 , which communicates through a wired connection or a wireless communication with the central controller  10 . In addition, the branch water pipelines  60  and  70  connected to the devices  14  and  16  are communicatively coupled to the central controller  10  via communication device  66  and  76 , such as through a wired or wireless transmitter device. Water meters or flow meters  62  and  72  are operable to measure an amount of water that flows through the pipelines  60  and  70  and communicate information about the water flow to the controller  10 . 
     A main water meter  52  is operatively connected to the main water inlet pipe  50  for measuring a total amount of water flow into the home and communicating information gathered to the controller  10  via a communication module  56 . For example, the central controller  10  receives information from the flow meters  52 ,  62  and  72  on the total amount of water flowing through pipelines  50 ,  60 , and  70  respectively over a period of time, such as in about an hour or less, for example. Each hour or in less time, therefore, the central controller  10  determines the water flow going through the pipe to determine if a leak condition exists in the pipe or device connected thereto. If the water flow exceeds a certain predetermine threshold amount, a leak is determined as existing. The predetermined threshold for determining the presence of a leak may be different for different devices and based on the amount of use a device gets over a period of time, as well as by other factors. For example, whether a water flow is continuous for an extended period of time or sporadic may also be factored into the determination. In addition, if a water flow in the pipe is excessive, a leak may be determined once a certain amount has been exceeded for a given period of time, so that if the pipe is connected to a shower device for bathing, for example, a leak would not be determined until more than an expected amount of water flows through the pipe. This threshold amount is variable depending upon the type of water consuming device. In one embodiment, the predetermined threshold may be an average amount of water based on historical use of the water consuming device with allowance for a standard deviation, for example. 
     In one example, a typical flow rate of a showerhead is ˜2 gal/min. The homeowner could easily time the length of a typical shower. Assuming his/her average shower length is 12 minutes, this would result in the flow meter measuring 24 gallons over the 12 minutes. The user could then set the predetermined threshold value to 30 gal. If the controller ever saw  30  plus gallons being consumed over 15 minutes, then it could notify the homeowner of a possible leak. 
     In addition, another option would be for the controller to learn this behavior by monitoring the flow meter over the course of days/weeks. Once it learns the max value that is consumed over a given length of time it could add a buffer, to avoid the nuisance trips, and set this value as the predetermined threshold. 
     Another example of detecting unintended water usage involves monitoring usage by toilets which occasionally leak in the sense of failing to fully terminate the fill operation after being flushed. A typical toilet holds between 1 and 4 gallons of water. It typically takes 1-2 minutes for a toilet to refill after being flushed. In order to detect such a leak while allowing for back-to-back flushes, a threshold could be set on the order of 10 gallons over a 5 minute period. If the controller detects  10  plus gallons being consumed over 5 minutes it could notify the homeowner of a possible leak. 
     The controller  10  includes a user interface  20  having a display  22  and control buttons for making various operational selections. The display can be configured to provide active, real-time feedback to the user on the cost of operating each device  12 ,  14 ,  16 , as well as water consumption information for the water consuming devices  14  and  16 . The costs are generally based on the current operating and usage patterns and energy consumption costs, such as the cost per kilowatt-hour charged by the corresponding utility or a cost per gallon of water, for example. The controller  10  is configured to gather information and data related to current usage patterns and as well as current power costs, and generate historical usage charts therefrom. This information can be used to determine current energy usage and cost associated with using each device and in each mode an electronic device may be in. This real-time information (i.e., current usage patterns, current power cost, current energy usage/cost and water consumption) can be presented to the user via the display. 
     In one exemplary embodiment, the controller  10  connects via either Ethernet or WiFi to the homeowner&#39;s router and to a client application  34 , for example, in a personal computer  36  and/or a mobile device  38 . The controller  10  also has the ability to periodically transmit data to a central server on the Internet  40 . This allows for remote service and monitoring capability. A server  42  can keep records of all homes therein that may be accessed remotely via the Internet. 
     In another embodiment, the total amounts of water flow through the pipelines  50 ,  60  and  70  are provided to the user, such as in the user display  22 . In addition, a warning message can be sent to a user or homeowner about a leak that has been detected within one of the pipelines. For example, if a water flow in pipeline  70  is determined to have a leak, then a text message, email, and/or a user display message may be transmitted via the internet or on the user display  22  to inform the homeowner of a leak. Where multiple meters are placed at the main water inlet pipe  50  with meter  52  and at branch pipelines  60  and/or  70 , the location of the leak or the device, which is the cause or source of the leak, can also be communicated in a message to the user. 
     In another embodiment, the system  8  includes shut off valves  58 ,  68 , and  78  at respective pipelines  50 ,  60  and  70 . The central controller  10  may receive input from the user or homeowner in response to the warning or message, and the user, for example, may respond with instructions to shut off the pipelines  50 ,  60 , and/or  70  via the respective shut off valve  58 ,  68  and  78 . In this manner, leaks are detected within a home and homeowners are informed of the conditions in which the water consuming devices operate. Informed decisions regarding water usage are made by the homeowner and potentially catastrophic water destruction in a home is more easily avoided. The user also has control over the water flow by enabling a shut off of any particular pipeline, such as to the whole home through the main pipeline  50  or at branch pipelines  60  and/or  70 . 
     For example,  FIG. 2  illustrates an example of a measuring device, such as a flow meter  216  for measuring the amount of water used by various types of water consuming devices. A central controller of a home network communicates wirelessly, for example, to radios that are connected to various sensors. There are several ways to accomplish this communication, including but not limited to power line carrier (PLC) (also known as power line communication), FM, AM SSB, WiFi, ZigBee, Radio Broadcast Data System, 802.11, 802.15.4, etc. The controller of  FIG. 1  may communicate directly therefore via a wired, optical and/or wireless connection, and the present disclosure is not limited to any one specific method for communicating. 
     Different natural resources may be monitored by the central controller  10 . For example, water measurement may be monitored where the system includes a water meter  216  and a communication module that is a wireless radio module  218 , for example. The water meter  216  is inserted into the home&#39;s incoming water line  220 . The water meter  216  gives an output for each gal/liter/etc. of water consumed, for example, over or during a period of time. This output is sent to the radio module  218  that in turn sends the information back to the central controller  10 . In one embodiment, the water utility can directly send the consumption data to the central device controller  10  via any available means, including 802.15.4 Zigbee, the Internet or IP connection  40 . 
     Local utility and rate information is also broadcast at blocks  234  from the utility or energy provider to the controller  10  directly. The controller  10  can receive rate and schedule information as well as demand side management DSM signals to pass them on to the household appliances, such as devices  232 . 
     The devices  232  may also transmit energy/power consumption, as well as water consumption information to the central controller  10 . Referring back to  FIG. 1 , the controller  10  further comprises a memory  30  having at least table  32  that collects water consumption data, energy consumption, generation and/or storage data for a home or other structure (e.g., warehouse, business, etc.). The table may additionally comprise variables associated with the heating and cooling conditions of the home, for example. A table is generated for each monitored device that includes historical home data and data that is currently updated, which may be used in a client application running on a device, such as a computer or mobile phone, for presenting graphs or other data to the user. 
     The operation of each device  12  and/or  14  may vary as a function of a characteristic of the utility state and/or supplied energy. Because some energy suppliers offer time-of-day pricing in their tariffs, price points could be tied directly to the tariff structure for the energy supplier. If real time pricing is offered by the energy supplier serving the site, this variance could be utilized to generate savings and reduce chain demand. 
     Building on the ability of the central controller to periodically upload data to a central server, the system  8  has the capability for the homeowner to log onto a secure web portal and view data from their home. This will allow consumers additional flexibility to monitor their home while away. 
     Example methodology  300  for monitoring a home for a leak is illustrated in  FIG. 3 . While the methods are illustrated and described below as a series of acts or events, it will be appreciated that the illustrated ordering of such acts or events are not to be interpreted in a limiting sense. For example, some acts may occur in different orders and/or concurrently with other acts or events apart from those illustrated and/or described herein. In addition, not all illustrated acts may be required to implement one or more aspects or embodiments of the description herein. Further, one or more of the acts depicted herein may be carried out in one or more separate acts and/or phases. 
     The method  300  of  FIG. 3  allows monitoring of pipelines and/or water consuming devices connected to the pipelines for a leak. The method is provided for a home network at a home that includes at least one water meter for measuring water consumed by water consuming devices within the network. A central controller is communicatively linked to the water meter and includes a memory storing executable instructions for the method. The method begins at start and at  302  a communication is received by the central controller from at least one water meter, which is operatively coupled to a water pipeline for measuring water flow. The water meter can be a flow meter that is inserted in the water line or some other measuring device coupled the water pipe of a home capable of measuring water amounts or water flow amounts in a pipeline. The water pipelines include a main water pipeline and branch pipelines connected to the main pipeline and water consuming devices. Communications are received by the controller for more than one water pipeline and from more than one meter for tracking individual water pipelines and water consuming devices connected thereto. The flow meter at each pipeline, for example, has a communication module connected that wirelessly or in a wired fashion transmits communication data to the controller. 
     At  304  the controller tracks the information received, such as by storing the information in a memory, and over a period of time the data can be used to calculate a total water flow amount going through the pipeline. A water flow rate, an average water amount, a total water amount, for example, can be calculated by the flow meter. The period of time may vary and could be about sixty minutes or less, for example. Other increments of time are also possible. 
     At  306  whether a leak exists within the pipelines of the home is determined by analyzing the data received. For example, a total water flow amount over the period of time may be compared to a predetermined amount, which is a maximum threshold designated for the pipeline or may be an average amount with a standard deviation limit set. If the total water flow amount exceeds the predetermined threshold, then a leak is determined as present, for example. At  308  a warning is provided to the homeowner or user, which may be via an internet connection of the home network, via text, email, and/or on a user display at the home. Any means of communication is foreseeable and not outside the scope of this disclosure. At  310  the total water flow amount and/or other measurements gathered regarding the water in the pipelines may be also provided to the user. This can enable better and informed decisions for conserving water at the home. At  312  where the leak is present is determined and the user is provided the particular water consuming device or water pipeline that is experiencing the leak. 
     At  314  the network may receive a response from the user to shut off different pipelines or the main water inlet pipeline to the home via shut off valve. The controller sends information to the meter for controlling the valve. In one example, a solenoid device may be used for operating the shut off valve and sealing off the pipeline where the leak exists or the main water line pipe to the home. 
     The invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments. Obviously, modifications and alterations will occur to others upon reading and understanding the preceding detailed description. It is intended that the invention be construed as including all such modifications and alterations.