Abstract:
For alternate operation of a terminal (EG 1 ) at at least two communication nodes (GK 1 , GK 2 ), the terminal (EG 1 ) is first registered with a first of the communication nodes (GK 1 ). In this case, registration is followed by there being a logical connection between the terminal (EG 1 ) and the first communication node (GK 1 ). The obtainability of the first communication node (GK 1 ) is monitored, and in the event of the first communication node (GK 1 ) being unobtainable a status information item relating to the unobtainability is produced, and the status information item is taken as a basis for setting up a logical connection between the terminal (EG 1 ) and the second communication node (GK 2 ). The terminal (EG 1 ) is then automatically operated at the second communication node (GK 2 ).

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS  
       [0001]     This application claims priority of European application No. 03013173.4 filed Jun. 11, 2003 and which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.  
       FIELD OF INVENTION  
       [0002]     The invention relates to a method for alternately operating a terminal at at least two communication nodes and to a communication arrangement for carrying out the method.  
       BACKGROUND OF INVENTION  
       [0003]     Communication networks usually contain a multiplicity of terminals and a plurality of communication nodes. In circuit switched communication arrangements, for example in ISDN systems, each terminal in this arrangement is permanently registered with a respective communication node (switching center) and is thus permanently associated therewith. In this case, this association is provided by the cabling, so that a terminal, for example a telephone or a fax machine, is registered precisely with that switching center to which this terminal also has a physical connection.  
         [0004]     The terminals in voice data networks, frequently also referred to as voice-over-IP networks (VoIP=Voice-over-Internet Protocol), are also permanently associated, and registered, with one of the communication nodes in the respective voice data network. By way of example, such voice data networks use the H.323 protocol (ITU-T-H.323) or the SIP protocol (SIP=Session Initiation Protocol) for signaling. In a voice data network—unlike in circuit switched communication networks—it is basically possible for any network component, that is to say any terminal and any communication node, to interchange data (particularly voice data) with any other network component directly. A fixed association among the network components, as provided in the circuit switched communication networks on the basis of the cabling, is neither imperative nor desirable in voice data networks. The terminals in voice data networks are frequently also referred to as “clients”, because these terminals differ significantly from circuit switched terminals. Thus, by way of example, they may be in the form of a telephone with a network connection or else in the form of a computer with a piece of communication software installed thereon. The communication nodes in the voice data networks are frequently also referred to as “gatekeepers” (H.323) or “proxies” or “SIP proxies” (SIP protocol), since the function of these communication nodes forms not only the connection initiation between the clients but also the access control for transfer devices to other networks, the “gateways”. In the text below, the term “gatekeeper” is used as standard for gatekeeper and (SIP) proxy, in order to simplify matters.  
         [0005]     The communication nodes in the voice data networks store configuration data relating to those terminals which are registered with this communication node. These data are, by way of example, information about the authorizations of the respective client or of the user of the respective client, associations with call acceptance groups, the telephone number of the client etc. The communication node (gatekeeper) with which a client is registered is also referred to as the “home node” or “home gatekeeper”. If this client is now intended to be operated at a different communication node, then the corresponding terminal (client) is signed off from the home node and is registered with another communication node, also referred to as the “adoptive gatekeeper” if the change is only temporary. If, following registration, the configuration data stored at the home node are transferred to the “adoptive gatekeeper”, then the terminal can be operated at the adoptive gatekeeper in the same way as at its home node. If this “move” to the adoptive gatekeeper is not just brief (temporary), but rather permanent, then the adoptive gatekeeper now becomes the new home node for the terminal.  
         [0006]     Such moves, like the one described above, by terminals from one communication node to another communication node are often prompted in order to ensure an even utilization level (“load balancing”) for the communication nodes in a communication network. Such a move may also be necessary “on an unscheduled basis”, for example if a terminal&#39;s home node fails or is no longer obtainable on account of a fault in the communication network. In that case, a substitute communication node, that is to say an adoptive gatekeeper, needs to adopt the function of the original home node either temporarily or permanently.  
         [0007]     A drawback which has been found with the known communication networks is that the move by terminals from one communication node to another communication node needs to be controlled manually. Although computer aided tools are known for performing the necessary steps, for example transfer of the configuration data from one communication node to another communication node, automatically on the basis of a manual request, the decision regarding which terminal changes to which communication node at what time needs to be made manually and needs to be input into the system manually. In particular, when changing to the terminal in question or to the terminals in question, the network address of the “new” communication node needs to be added manually. Another drawback is that a merely temporary change of communication node, for example as a result of a fault, also requires the final restoration of the original state, that is to say the move by the terminal back to its original home node, to be initiated and performed manually.  
       SUMMARY OF INVENTION  
       [0008]     The object of the invention is to propose a method which can be used to change terminals between two communication nodes with only little or without any manual involvement, and to propose a communication arrangement in which terminals are changed between communication nodes with as little manual involvement as possible.  
         [0009]     The object is achieved by the claims.  
         [0010]     For the method, the solution provides that the obtainability of the first communication node is monitored, that in the event of the first communication node being unobtainable a status information item relating to the unobtainability is produced, and that the status information item is taken as a basis for setting up a logical connection between the terminal and the second communication node, and the terminal is automatically operated at the second communication node, which has an associated second address. This ensures that, in the event of the terminal&#39;s home communication node being unobtainable, this terminal is operational again in the shortest possible time without this requiring manual inputs.  
         [0011]     For the communication arrangement, the solution provides that the communication network contains a management server, that the management server stores a copy of the configuration data required, that the communication network contains a monitoring apparatus which monitors the obtainability of the first communication node, that means are provided for transferring the copy of the configuration data required to a second communication node in the event of the first communication node being unobtainable, so that the terminal is operated at the second communication node in the event of the first communication node being unobtainable. The effect achieved by this arrangement is that the terminal can be operated at the second communication node in the same way as it was operated at the first communication node prior to the change of communication node.  
         [0012]     The method is advantageously configured by the characterizing features of dependent patent claims  2  to  13 . In this case, the advantages described for the method also apply in the appropriate context to the arrangement.  
         [0013]     If the communication network used is a voice data network, the terminal used is a voice data terminal and if the communication nodes used are gatekeepers, then there is no need for manual alignment of the cabling in the communication network.  
         [0014]     A terminal which has changed from the first communication node to the second communication node can continue to be operated with its full functionality if the first communication node stores configuration data which relate to the terminal and are required in order to operate the terminal, and if the configuration data required for operating the terminal at a second communication node are transferred to the second communication node. If this involves the transmission not only of the necessary configuration data but also of extra terminal specific configuration data, then “added service features” of the terminal in question may also continue to be used.  
         [0015]     The configuration data for a terminal are not lost even when the first communication node fails completely if the terminal is used to store a copy of the configuration data, and if registration of the terminal with the second communication node is followed by the copy of the configuration data being transferred from the terminal to the second communication node and being used by the second communication node in order to operate the terminal. When the configuration data are stored in the terminal itself in this way, there is also no need for operation of a central database for configuration data in the communication network. When a central database is omitted, it is also possible to dispense with a (central) management server.  
         [0016]     In the event of the first communication node being unobtainable, the terminal can change to a second communication node without inquiring with a further entity and hence without any time delay by virtue of the terminal being used to store the second address and by virtue of the terminal using the stored second address to register with the second communication node in the event of the first communication node being unobtainable.  
         [0017]     In a communication network having a large number of communication nodes, the probability of successful registration with an adoptive communication node increases by virtue of the communication network containing further communication nodes having a respective dedicated address, the terminal being used to store a sorted list containing the addresses of the communication nodes, and, in the event of the first communication node being unobtainable, the list of communication nodes being processed, as a result of registration attempts by the terminal, until the terminal has registered with one of the communication nodes. If the various communication nodes are equipped with different powers in this case, then the list is ideally sorted according to the power of the communication nodes such that registration with a very powerful communication node is attempted first of all, and if this second communication node is unobtainable then registration with less powerful communication nodes is attempted, with losses of performance being accepted.  
         [0018]     It is sufficient to store a single further address in the terminal as a precaution against error situations if the communication network operates a management server which has an address and stores the second address, with the terminal being used to store the address of this management server, the terminal sending a query message to the management server in the event of the first communication node being unobtainable, the management server transmitting the second address to the terminal in a response message, and with the terminal using the transmitted second address to register with the second communication node. This practice also lowers the administrative involvement in the communication network when communication nodes are added or removed.  
         [0019]     It is possible to avoid storing configuration data or a copy thereof in the terminal by virtue of the management server being used to store a copy of the configuration data, and, when the terminal has registered with the second communication node, by virtue of the copy of the configuration data being transferred from the management server to the second communication node and being used by the second communication node in order to operate the terminal.  
         [0020]     It is possible to avoid configuring a new communication node address in the terminal when the communication node changes if the communication network operates a management server which is used to store a copy of the configuration data and the first address, with the management server monitoring the obtainability of the first communication node, and with the management server transferring the copy of the configuration data and the stored first address to the second communication node in the event of the first communication node being unobtainable. In this case, the second communication node is assigned the first address, and the second communication node uses the received copy of the configuration data for the terminal to perform the function of the first communication node by assigning the first address. In the case of this practice, the programming of the terminal is not affected by the change of communication node.  
         [0021]     If the configuration data are used at the first communication node in a first format and at the second communication node in a second format, and the configuration data transferred to the second communication node are converted from the first format into the second format before transfer, it is possible to use communication nodes of different types to operate the terminal.  
         [0022]     A change of communication node without influencing the terminal is particularly simple to implement if the communication nodes used are respective communication assemblies in a communication installation of modular design, if the management server used is a control assembly in the communication installation of modular design, and if, when the communication assemblies have been started up, the configuration data and the respective address are respectively transferred from the control assembly to the respective communication assembly.  
         [0023]     The original state of the communication network is automatically restored by virtue of the unobtainability of the first communication node being monitored when the terminal is operated at the second communication node and by virtue of the terminal being signed off from the second communication node and registered with the first communication node again when the first communication node is obtainable again.  
         [0024]     A separate monitoring entity in the communication network may be dispensed with if the monitoring is performed by the second communication node or by the terminal itself.  
         [0025]     When the obtainability of the first communication node has been restored, a fresh change may be prevented if operation of the terminal at the second communication node involves the first communication node being replaced by the second communication node. Hence, the original first communication node now becomes the second communication node. 
     
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0026]     Exemplary embodiments of the inventive method are explained below with reference to the drawings and are used at the same time to explain an exemplary embodiment of the inventive arrangement.  
         [0027]     In this case:  
         [0028]      FIG. 1  shows a communication network with a data line, a terminal and two communication nodes,  
         [0029]      FIG. 2  shows a data network with a data line, a terminal, two communication nodes and a management server,  
         [0030]      FIG. 3  shows a communication network with a data line, a terminal and a communication installation of modular design which has two communication assemblies and a control assembly, and  
         [0031]      FIG. 4  shows a distributed communication network with a central office, two subsidiaries, a data network, a circuit switched network, two terminals and three communication nodes. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF INVENTION  
       [0032]      FIG. 1  shows, as a first exemplary embodiment, a communication network which comprises a data line LAN 1 , two communication nodes GK 1 , GK 2  and a terminal EG 1 . The communication network shown also contains other communication nodes and terminals; however,  FIG. 1  shows only the network components which are required in order to explain the exemplary embodiment. The communication nodes GK 1 , GK 2  are gatekeepers in a VoIP communication arrangement, and the terminal EG 1  is a voice data terminal, that is to say a VoIP client. The communication nodes GK 1 , GK 2  and the terminal EG 1  interchange data, particularly voice data, with one another via the data line LAN 1 . The data line LAN 1  is part of a packet switched network in which the data are interchanged on the basis of the Internet protocol. In this case, data are combined into “data packets” which are addressed using the address (IP address) of the respective receiver. For this purpose, the communication node GK 1  has an associated first address, the communication node GK 2  has an associated second address, and the terminal EG 1  has an associated terminal address.  
         [0033]     The terminal EG 1  is operated at the communication node GK 1 , that is to say it is registered with the communication node GK 1 . The communication node GK 1  stores configuration data relating to the terminal EG 1 . These configuration data include, by way of example, details about the authorization of the terminal EG 1  to conduct external telephone calls, details about group associations and other information. These configuration data are combined at the communication node GK 1  to form a configuration data record, of which a current copy is created at regular intervals of time, this copy respectively being transferred to the terminal EG 1 . A separate memory area in the terminal EG 1  is used to store this copy. If a newly created copy does not differ from the previously created copy which has been transferred, the fresh transfer of the configuration data to the terminal does not occur.  
         [0034]     The terminal EG 1  likewise stores a list of all of the communication nodes GK 1 , GK 2  in the communication network which are able to be used by the terminal EG 1 . This list is prioritized, i.e. the communication node GK 1 , which acts as home node, is recorded at the first position in the list, the communication node GK 2 , which is provided as the most suitable substitute communication node, is recorded at the second position, and other communication nodes (not shown in  FIG. 1 ) in the communication network are recorded at the other positions in the list.  
         [0035]     Among the configuration data, it is possible to distinguish between requisite configuration data and full configuration data. Requisite configuration data are those configuration data which are absolutely necessary in order for a terminal to be able to be operated at a communication node having a basic functionality, that is to say in order to perform a pure telephony function. Full configuration data also comprise those settings and information which are required in order to implement “added service features”, for example for configuring call acceptance groups, personal telephone directories etc. In the present exemplary embodiment, the full configuration data are stored as a copy in the terminal EG 1 .  
         [0036]     The terminal EG 1  checks at regular intervals of time whether the communication node GK 1  is obtainable. To this end, the terminal EG 1  is equipped with a monitoring device. If an error occurs at the communication node GK 1  or in the connection between the terminal EG 1  and the communication node GK 1 , the terminal EG 1  detects the error situation “unobtainable”. The terminal EG 1  produces a status information item corresponding to the error situation, and the registration function of the terminal EG 1  attempts to use this status information item to register with a different communication node in the communication network. To this end, the terminal EG 1  calls its stored list of available communication nodes and reads the network address of the prioritized substitute system, namely the communication node GK 2 , from this list. The terminal EG 1  then sends a registration message to the communication node GK 2 . The communication node GK 2  detects that it has sufficient capacity reserves and that the terminal EG 2  is authorized to register with the communication node GK 2 . The communication node GK 2  thus sends a confirmation message to the terminal EG 1 , which, in response, sends the configuration data stored as a copy to the communication node GK 2 . For the purpose of this transmission of configuration data, the terminal EG 1  comprises, as transfer means, a program with communication sub routines in appropriate form. The communication node GK 2  uses the received configuration data for the terminal EG 1  to configure itself in the same way as the communication node GK 1  was configured beforehand.  
         [0037]     The communication node GK 2 , for its part, now checks at regular intervals of time whether the communication node GK 1 , whose terminal EG 1  is being managed by it as a “guest”, is operational again and whether the connection to this communication node GK 1  exists again. As soon as this is the case, the communication node GK 2  takes away the authorization to use the communication node GK 2  from the terminal EG 1 , which corresponds to signing off the terminal EG 1  from the communication node GK 2 . As a result, on the basis of the regular checks to determine whether the communication node GK 2  used is obtainable, the terminal EG 1  again detects the error situation “unobtainable” and again starts to find a communication node which can be used on the basis of the stored, sorted (prioritized) list. Since the list entry having the highest priority is the entry for the communication node GK 1 , the terminal EG 1  is again registered with the communication node GK 1 , as a result of which the original state is restored.  
         [0038]     Alternatively, the terminal EG 1  itself may also check at regular intervals of time whether the communication node GK 1  or the connection to this communication node GK 1  has been restored, and after the latter has been restored it can sign off from the communication node GK 2  used as a substitute and can register with the communication node GK 1  again.  
         [0039]     As an alternative to the restoration of the original state described above, the components of the communication network may also be programmed such that the terminal EG 1  is no longer changed back from the communication node GK 2  to the communication node GK 1 , but rather that the communication node GK 2  now represents the home communication node of the terminal EG 1 , and the original home communication node GK 1  now becomes a substitute communication node having a corresponding priority.  
         [0040]     The list which is stored in the terminal EG 1  can also record such communication nodes as have a lower scope of services than the home communication node GK 1 . Although these communication nodes are regularly classified with a low priority in the list, such less powerful communication nodes may also be used in the event of communication nodes with higher priority being unobtainable. In these cases, not all configuration data transferred by the terminal may be used to configure the communication node which is used as a substitute, but rather only those which can be implemented by the spectrum of services at the communication node which is now being used.  
         [0041]      FIG. 2  shows, as a second exemplary embodiment, a communication network which is similar to the communication network from  FIG. 1  and which is likewise equipped with a data line LAN 2 . The data line LAN 2  connects the terminal EG 2 , the communication nodes GK 3 , GK 4  and the management server VS to one another. In a similar manner to the exemplary embodiment from  FIG. 1 , the components of the communication network which is shown here each have associated network addresses.  
         [0042]     The terminal EG 2  is operated at the communication node GK 3 . The communication node GK 4  is intended to be used by the terminal EG 2  in those cases in which the communication node GK 3  is unobtainable on account of a fault. To this end, the terminal EG 2  stores the network address of the management server VS.  
         [0043]     The communication node GK 4  is arranged as a “passive system” in the communication network. This means that, in the event of there being no faults, the communication node GK 4  is not used by any terminal in the communication network, but rather is reserved merely as a substitute system. Besides the active communication node GK 3 , the communication network may contain a relatively large number of further active communication nodes and also further passive communication nodes; the set of all of the passive communication nodes is also referred to as a “backup pool”.  
         [0044]     The management server VS arranged in the communication network comprises a database which stores a copy of the configuration data of all of the active communication nodes GK 3  in the communication network. To this end, data alignment takes place at regular intervals of time between the active communication nodes and the management server VS.  
         [0045]     While the terminal EG 2  is registered with its home communication node GK 3 , the terminal EG 2  repeats refreshes its registration with the communication node GK 3  at regular intervals of time. This cyclic repetition of registration is also referred to as “lightweight registration” in voice data communication networks based on the H.323 standard. As soon as such a repeat registration operation is not able to take place on account of a fault on the data line LAN 2  or at the communication node GK 3 , the terminal EG 2  identifies the error situation “unobtainable”, produces a corresponding status information item and sends the latter to the management server VS whose address is stored in the terminal EG 2 . The management server VS now checks whether the communication node GK 3  is actually unobtainable and, if so, determines a substitute communication node, in the present exemplary embodiment the communication node GK 4 . The management server VS now sends the communication node GK 4  the configuration data for the communication node GK 3  which are stored in its database. The communication node GK 4  uses these configuration data to configure itself in the same way as the communication node GK 3  was configured beforehand, and subsequently becomes an active communication node. By sending a test message to the communication node GK 4 , the management server VS detects that it is ready to operate, and sends the terminal EG 2  the network address of the communication node GK 4 . The terminal EG 2  now records the communication node GK 4  as its associated home communication node and registers with this communication node GK 4 .  
         [0046]     If the communication node GK 4  offers an identical or even improved scope of services as compared with the communication node GK 3 , then the communication node GK 4  continues to be the active communication node even after the obtainability of the communication node GK 3  has been restored, while the now restored communication node GK 3  becomes a passive, that is to say substitute, communication node. If the communication node GK 4  has a smaller scope of services than the communication node GK 3 , however, then a reduction in functions has arisen when the terminal EG 2  has changed from the communication node GK 3  to the communication node GK 4 . In such cases, the management server VS ensures that, when the obtainability of the communication node GK 3  has been restored, the configuration data for the communication node GK 3  which are stored in the management server VS are again transferred to this restored communication node GK 3 , and the latter readopts its original function. Alternatively, the management server VS may also transmit these configuration data to a different substitute communication node having a corresponding scope of services in the communication network, in order to ensure that the terminal EG 2  is fully functional again.  
         [0047]     The management server VS also comprises an alignment unit which is able to convert the format of the configuration data. This is necessary because communication nodes of different types also store the configuration data in different ways. If the configuration data stored as a copy now need to be used with a communication node of another type, the management server VS performs appropriate reconfiguration of the configuration data.  
         [0048]     As a result of the transfer of the complete configuration data for the communication node GK 3  which has failed to the communication node GK 4 , all terminals registered with the communication node GK 3  are transferred to the substitute communication node GK 4 , so that even when a large number of terminals are registered the step of transferring configuration data need be performed only once. Hence, if, after the terminal EG 3 , other terminals (not shown) detect the “loss” of their home communication node GK 3  and send a corresponding status information item to the management server VS, then the latter can respond directly using the network address (IP address) of the already configured substitute communication node GK 4 .  
         [0049]      FIG. 3  shows, as a third exemplary embodiment, a communication network with a data line LAN 3  to which the terminal EG 3  and the communication installation PBX are connected. The communication installation PBX is a communication installation of modular design in which various assemblies SB, B 1 , B 2  are connected to one another by means of a backplane BP having an electrical data bus.  FIG. 3  shows three assemblies SB, B 1 , B 2  in the communication installation PBX, these being the control assembly SB and the communication assemblies B 1 , B 2 . The communication assemblies B 1 , B 2  are used as communication nodes for the terminal EG 3  and other terminals (not shown here) in the communication network. The communication assemblies B 1 , B 2  are respectively connected to the data line LAN 3 .  
         [0050]     Besides the voice data communication assemblies B 1 , B 2 , the communication installation PBX also has other assemblies (not shown here) plugged in for the purpose of connecting circuit switched terminals, and also has assemblies for accessing circuit switched communication networks, that is to say gateway assemblies.  
         [0051]     The terminal EG  3  is registered with the communication assembly B 1  together with other terminals (not shown here). For the purpose of registration and for ongoing operation, the terminal EG 3  stores the network address of the communication assembly B 1 . The communication assembly B 2  is in passive mode and is reserved in the communication installation PBX as a substitute assembly for the active communication assembly B 1  and other active communication assemblies (not shown here).  
         [0052]     The control assembly SB controls the communication assemblies B 1 , B 2 . When one of the communication assemblies B 1 , B 2  is started (“started up”), the necessary operating software is first transferred from the control assembly SB to the respective communication assembly B 1 , B 2 . This operating software is used to start the communication assemblies B 1 , B 2 . When these have been started, the control assembly transfers to the respective communication assembly B 1 , B 2  the configuration data relating to the terminals which are respectively being managed by the communication assembly B 1 , B 2 . Finally, the respective communication assembly B 1 , B 2  is activated by the control assembly SB as a result of the assignment of the respective network address of the communication assembly B 1 , B 2 . The procedure just outlined is also referred to as “loading” the assembly.  
         [0053]     In the normal, error-free operating state of the communication network shown in  FIG. 3 , initially only the communication assembly B 1  is loaded with operating software, configuration data and a network address. The communication assembly B 2  remains passive (inactive) at first. Since the terminal EG 3  stores the network address associated with the communication assembly B 1 , the terminal EG 3  can register with this communication assembly B 1 . When the terminal EG 3  registers and is set up, the communication assembly B 1  creates and alters configuration data, a copy of which is saved at regular intervals of time in a memory in the control assembly.  
         [0054]     The control assembly SB monitors the communication assembly B 1  at regular intervals of time and, to this end, regularly requests a status report from this communication assembly B 1 . The communication assembly B 1 , in turn, regularly checks whether its connection to the data line LAN 3  and to the terminals registered with it, in this case the terminal EG 3  under consideration by way of example, exists. The information about whether the link to the data line LAN 3  or the connection to the registered terminals exists is transferred from the communication assembly B 1  to the control assembly SB upon the requests from the control assembly SB. If the control assembly SB is not able to receive a status report from the communication assembly B 1 , or a malfunction in the communication assembly B 1  or in its connection to the data network is revealed by one of the status reports received, then the control assembly SB identifies that there is an error in this communication assembly B 1 . If the control assembly now has another connection to the communication assembly B 1 , it switches the communication assembly B 1  to the operating state “inactive”. If there is no further connection to the communication assembly B 1 , then the control assembly assumes that the communication assembly B 1  is in an inactive operating state anyway. In both cases, the control assembly produces an internal status information item relating to the unobtainability or malfunction and now loads the communication assembly B 2  with operating software and with the configuration data which were originally saved as a copy by the communication assembly B 1 . Finally, the control assembly SB assigns the communication assembly B 2  that network address which was originally used by the communication assembly B 1 , thus switches the communication assembly B 2  to the active operating state. The terminal EG 3  now uses the communication assembly B 2  without the need for it to have stored a different network address for the communication assembly which is to be used. In this case, no change to the possible scope of services has arisen.  
         [0055]     In communication installations PBX having a relatively large number of active communication assemblies, only one inactive communication assembly needs to be reserved as a substitute assembly, because this substitute communication assembly is able to adopt the functionality of any of the active communication assemblies. In the present exemplary embodiment, all of the communication assemblies B 1 , B 2  are of the same type, which means that it is not necessary to convert the format of the configuration data which are stored as a copy and transferred to the communication assembly B 2 . If, by contrast, communication assemblies of different types are used, then an alignment program running on the control assembly SB converts the format of the configuration data before the communication assembly B 2  is loaded.  
         [0056]      FIG. 4  shows, as a fourth exemplary embodiment, a distributed communication network with a central location Z and two subsidiary locations F 1 , F 2 , as is used, by way of example, for banks or insurance companies with a central office and a plurality of subsidiaries.  
         [0057]     The subsidiary locations F 1 , F 2  operate the data networks LAN 4 , LAN 6 , and the central location Z operates the data network LAN 5 . In the subsidiary location F 1 , the data network LAN 4  has the terminal EG 4 , the communication node GK 7 , which is in the form of a gatekeeper, and the gateway GW 1  connected to it. The gateway GW 1  connects the subsidiary location F 1  to the public circuit switched communication network ISDN. Accordingly, the data network LAN 6  at the subsidiary location F 2  has the terminal EG 5 , the communication node GK 6  (likewise in the form of a gatekeeper) and the gateway GW 3  connected to it, the latter being connected to the communication network ISDN by means of the communication line Q 3 . Finally, the central location Z is equipped with the data network LAN 5 , the data network LAN 5  having the communication node GK 5  and the gateway GW 2  connected to it, with the gateway GW 2  being connected to the public communication network ISDN by means of the communication line Q 2 . The data networks LAN 4  and LAN 5  are connected to one another by means of the wide area data line WAN 1 , and the data network LAN 6  is connected to the data network LAN 5  by means of the wide area data line WAN 2 . The public communication network has at least one network node PS (“public switch”), to which the communication lines Q 1 , Q 2 , Q 3  and external subscriber lines (not shown here) can be linked.  
         [0058]     The gateways GW 1 , GW 2 , GW 3  respectively represent the link from the respective data network LAN 4 , LAN 5 , LAN 6  to the public communication network ISDN. These gateways GW 1 , GW 2 , GW 3  are controlled by the respective communication node (gatekeeper) GK 7 , GK 5 , GK 6  in the respective data network LAN 4 , LAN 5 , LAN 6 . In the normal (fault free) operating situation in the communication network shown, all of the communication connections between the locations F 1 , F 2 , Z are handled using the wide area data line WAN 1  and WAN 2 . Connections to external subscribers, that is to say to subscribers who use the public communication network ISDN are routed exclusively via the communication line Q 2  and the gateway GW 2 .  
         [0059]     The terminals EG 4 , EG 5  are registered with the communication node GK 5 , which also stores the configuration data associated with these terminals EG 4 , EG 5 . Hence, if the terminal EG 4  or the terminal EG 5  communicates with an external subscriber, this telephone connection is then routed, in the case of the terminal EG 4 , via the data network LAN 4 , then via the wide area data line WAN 1 , then via the data network LAN 5  and finally via the gateway GW 2  and the communication line Q 2  to the subscriber in the communication network ISDN. Similarly, calls between the terminal EG 5  and an external subscriber are routed using the data network LAN 6 , the wide area data line WAN 2 , via the data network LAN 5 , the gateway GW 2 , the communication line Q 2  and finally via the call processing facilities—not shown here—in the public communication network ISDN.  
         [0060]     At the subsidiary location F 1 , the gateway GW 1  and the communication node GK 7  used to control the gateway GW 1  are thus used neither for external connections nor for the connections to the central location Z. Similarly, at the subsidiary location F 2  too, the network components gateway GW 3  and communication node GK 6  are not used during fault-free operation of the network. The configuration data associated with the terminals EG 4 , EG 5  are, as already mentioned, stored at the communication node GK 5 . A copy of the configuration data relating to the terminal EG 4  is stored at the communication node GK 7 . The communication node GK 7  is thus preprogrammed such that the terminal EG 4  can be operated at the communication node GK 7  instead of at the communication node GK 5  by way of substitution. If, as in the present exemplary embodiment, the communication node GK 7  as an emergency system has a lower power and is equipped with a smaller scope of services than the communication node GK 5 , then its configuration for the terminal EG 4  is naturally restricted. By way of example, the communication node GK 7  does not allow configuration of any call acceptance groups, which combine subscribers from the entire network comprising the locations F 1 , F 2 , Z.  
         [0061]     To register with the communication node GK 5  and to use this communication node GK 5 , the terminal EG 4  stores the network address of the communication node GK 5 . As a second network address for the fault situation, the terminal EG 4  additionally stores the network address of the communication node GK 7 . A monitoring function installed in the terminal EG 4  checks at regular intervals of time whether the communication node GK 5  is obtainable. If this obtainability no longer exists, for example on account of failure of the wide area data line WAN 1  or on account of failure of the communication node GK 5 , the terminal EG 4  produces a corresponding status information item and registers with the communication node GK 7 . The communication node GK 7  is programmed such that all of the connections from the terminal EG 4  which, up until now, have been routed via the wide area data line WAN 1  and the communication node GK 5 , are now routed via the public communication network ISDN using the gateway GW 1  and the communication line Q 1 . Hence, despite the communication node GK 5  being unobtainable, the terminal EG 4  can continue to be used. Similarly, the terminal EG 5  is also programmed to use the communication node GK 6  and the gateway GW 3  instead of the wide area data line WAN 3  and the central communication node GK 5  by way of substitution.  
         [0062]     The communication node GK 7  now used by way of substitution checks at regular intervals of time whether the communication node GK 5  is obtainable again. As soon as this is the case, the communication node GK 7  takes away the authorization to use it from the terminal EG 4 . As a result, the terminal EG 4  starts a fresh registration attempt, again in the order that first of all registration with the communication node GK 5  and only then a registration attempt with the communication node GK 7  are started. Since the communication node GK 5  is obtainable again however, the first registration attempt will be successful, which means that the original configuration of the communication network is restored.  
         [0063]     Alternatively, the terminal EG 4  itself may also check at regular intervals of time whether the communication node GK 5  is obtainable again, and—if so—can sign off from the communication node GK 7  which is being used and can register with the communication node GK 5  again.  
         [0064]     Incoming communication connections (calls) for the terminal EG 4  from a subscriber in the public communication network ISDN are routed from the public network node PS via the communication line Q 1  to the gateway GW 1 . The gateway GW “translates” the call, under the control of the communication node GK 7  as gatekeeper, into the data network LAN 4 . The call is routed via the wide area data line WAN 1  to the data network LAN 5  and hence into the “responsibility” of the communication node GK 5 . The terminal EG 4  is registered with the communication node GK 5 , which means that the call is now signaled on this terminal EG 4 , again via the data networks LAN 5 , LAN 4  and the wide area data line WAN 1 . In the error situation, that is to say when the wide area data line WAN 1  has failed, for example, not only does the terminal EG 4  register with the communication node GK 7 , but also the communication node GK 7  and hence the gateway GW 1  are changed over such that incoming communication connections are signaled to the terminal EG 4  directly from the communication node GK 7 .