Abstract:
The management of backup sets based on user feedback techniques include a method, and a system. In some embodiments of these techniques, the method includes receiving an update to a backup set from a first client device. The method further includes analyzing the update made to the backup set. The method further includes updating a default backup set stored in a storage device based on the update to the backup set. This Abstract is provided for the sole purpose of complying with the Abstract requirement rules. This Abstract is submitted with the explicit understanding that it will not be used to interpret or to limit the scope or the meaning of the claims.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0001]    The present invention relates generally to computer-based methods and apparatuses, including computer program products, for managing backup sets based on user feedback. 
       BACKGROUND 
       [0002]    Computer systems are ubiquitous in today&#39;s work and home environments. The data stored on these computer systems, however, is vulnerable to theft, lire, flood, and other natural disasters. A user may only realize that data of interest to the user was not backed up after the data is lost (e.g., due to disk failure). Thus, a need exists for a system that allows users to easily manage data backup. Also, a need exists for a system that analyzes modifications made by users to their backup selections to update backup set selections of other users as well as default backup selections. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0003]    One approach to managing backup sets based on user feedback is a method. The method includes receiving an update to a backup set from a first client device. The method further includes analyzing the update made to the backup set. The method further includes updating a default backup set stored in a storage device based on the update to the backup set. 
         [0004]    Another approach to managing backup sets based on user feedback is a method. The method includes modifying a backup set. The method further includes transmitting the modified backup set to a backup set management server. The method further includes receiving, from the backup set management server, a recommended modification to a second backup set, the modification to the second backup set associated with modifications made by one or more users to backup sets associated with the one or more users. The method further includes modifying the second backup set based on the recommended modification received from the server. 
         [0005]    Another approach to managing backup sets based on user feedback is a system. The system includes a communication module configured to receive one or more modifications to one or more backup sets from one or more users. The system further includes a backup set management module. The backup set management module is configured to analyze the received one or more modifications for the one or more backup sets, and aggregate the received one or more modifications into one or more backup set updates. The system further includes a user preference module. The user preference module is configured to modify a first plurality of backup sets stored in a database based on the one or more backup sets updates. 
         [0006]    Another approach to managing backup sets based on user feedback is a system. The system includes a client backup set management module. The client backup set management module is configured to modify at least one backup set in a first plurality of backup sets. The system further includes a communication module. The communication module is configured to send the modified first plurality of backup sets to a server, and receive, from the server, one or more modifications to the first plurality of backup sets based on changes made by one or more users to a second plurality of backup sets. The client backup set management module is further configured to modify the first plurality of backup sets based on the modifications received from the server. 
         [0007]    Another approach to managing backup sets based on user feedback is a system. The system includes a means for receiving an update to a backup set from a first client device. The system further includes a means for analyzing the update made to the backup set. The system further includes a means for updating a default backup set stored in a storage device based on the update to the backup set. 
         [0008]    Another approach to managing backup sets based on user feedback is a system. The system includes a means for modifying a backup set. The system further includes a means for transmitting the modified backup set to a backup set management server. The system further includes a means for receiving, from the backup set management server, a recommended modification to a second backup set, the modification to the second backup set associated with modifications made by one or more users to backup sets associated with the one or more users. The system further includes a means for modifying the second backup set based on the recommended modification received from the server. 
         [0009]    Other aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, illustrating the principles of the invention by way of example only. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0010]    Various embodiments taught herein are illustrated by way of example, and not by way of limitation, in the figures of the accompanying drawings, in which: 
           [0011]      FIG. 1  is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary system, according to one exemplary embodiment; 
           [0012]      FIG. 2  is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary data center, according to one exemplary embodiment; 
           [0013]      FIG. 3  is block diagram illustrating an exemplary logical data site, according to one exemplary embodiment; 
           [0014]      FIG. 4  is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary data center storing user data backup from client devices, according to one exemplary embodiment; 
           [0015]      FIG. 5  illustrates exemplary user data and user data backup, according to one exemplary embodiment; 
           [0016]      FIG. 6  is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary logical data site management server, according to one exemplary embodiment; 
           [0017]      FIG. 7  is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary storage server, according to one exemplary embodiment; 
           [0018]      FIG. 8  is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary client device, according to one exemplary embodiment; 
           [0019]      FIG. 9  is a relational diagram illustrating relationship between a user and backup sets; 
           [0020]      FIG. 10A  is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary management server; 
           [0021]      FIG. 10B  is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary client device; 
           [0022]      FIG. 11  illustrates an exemplary backup policy; 
           [0023]      FIG. 12  illustrates another exemplary backup policy; 
           [0024]      FIGS. 13 ,  14 , and  15  illustrate exemplary interfaces displaying backup sets; 
           [0025]      FIG. 16  illustrates an exemplary interface for creating a new backup set or for updating an existing backup set; 
           [0026]      FIG. 17  illustrates an exemplary interface for displaying storage usage information; 
           [0027]      FIG. 18  illustrates a flow chart of the exemplary flow of data between a client device and a management server; 
           [0028]      FIG. 19  illustrates a flow chart of the exemplary flow of data between a new client device and a management server; and 
           [0029]      FIG. 20  illustrates a flow chart showing processing of backup sets, according to an exemplary embodiment. 
       
    
    
       [0030]    It will be recognized that some or all of the figures are schematic representations for purposes of illustration and do not necessarily depict the actual relative sizes or locations of the elements shown. The figures are provided for the purpose of illustrating one or more embodiments of the invention with the explicit understanding that they will not be used to limit the scope or the meaning of the claims. 
       DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0031]    Before turning to the figures which illustrate the exemplary embodiments in detail, it should be understood that the disclosure is not limited to the details or methodology set forth in the description or illustrated in the figures. It should also be understood that the terminology is for the purpose of description only and should not be regarded as limiting. 
         [0032]      FIG. 1  illustrates an exemplary system  100  for backup and restoration of user data (e.g., one or more document files, one or more audio files, etc.) between client devices A  140   a , B  140   b , C  140   c  through Z  140   z  (e.g., personal computer, server computing system, personal digital assistant, phone, music player, etc.) and data centers A  110   a , B  110   b  through Z  110   z  (e.g., server systems with a plurality of data storage devices, server systems connected to a plurality of network data storage devices, etc.). The system  100  includes a communication network  130  (e.g., internet protocol (IP) network, a local area network (LAN), internet, etc.) and a backup system management server  120 . 
         [0033]    Each data center A  110   a , B  110   b  through Z  110   z  includes a plurality of logical data sites  1 ,  2  through  9 ,  112   a ,  112   b  through  112   z ,  114   a ,  114   b  through  114   z , and  116   a ,  116   b , through  116   z , respectively. Each client device A  140   a , B  140   b , C  140   c  through Z  140   z  includes a client backup module  142   a ,  142   b ,  142   c , through  142   z , respectively. The data centers  110   a - 110   z , the client devices  140   a - 140   z , and/or the backup system management server  120  communicate via the communication network  130 . 
         [0034]    The backup system management server  120  can manage the backup of user data from the client devices  140   a - 140   z  to one or more of the logical data sites at one or more of the data centers  110   a - 110   z . The backup system management server  120  can manage the restoration of user data from one or more of the logical data sites at one or more of the data centers  110   a - 110   z  to the client devices  140   a - 140   z . The backup system management server  120  can communicate with the client backup module  142   a - 142   z  on each client device  140   a - 140   z  to manage the backup and/or restoration of the user data (e.g., pause backup, start backup, select backup set, start restoration, schedule backup, communicate a backup policy, update a backup set, etc.). 
         [0035]    In some examples, the restoration of the user data is to the originating client device (e.g., the client device from which the user data originated from, the client device connected to the computing device which the user data originated from, etc.). In other examples, the restoration of the user data is to another client device that is not the originating client device (e.g., new user computer, etc.). 
         [0036]    In other examples, each data center  110   a - 110   z  includes a data center management server (not shown) for managing the backup and/or the restoration of the user data. In some examples, each logical site includes a site management server for managing the backup and/or the restoration of the user data. In other examples, the backup system management server  120  manages the backup and/or the restoration of the user data by managing one or more of the data center management servers and/or one or more of the site management servers. 
         [0037]    Although  FIG. 1  illustrates a single communication network  130 , the system can include a plurality of communication networks and/or the plurality of communication networks can be configured in a plurality of ways (e.g., a plurality of interconnected local area networks (LAN), a plurality of interconnected wide area network (WAN), a plurality of interconnected LANs and/or WANs, etc.). 
         [0038]    Although  FIG. 1  illustrates the data centers A  110   a , B  110   b  through Z  110   z , the logical data sites  1 ,  2  through  9  (e.g.  112   a - 112   z ), and the client device A  140   a , B  140   b , C  140   c  through Z  140   z , the system  100  can include any number of data centers, logical data sites, and/or client devices. In some examples, data centers A,  13 , and C include ten logical data sites and data centers D, E, F, and G include twenty logical data sites. In other examples, ten thousand client devices are associated with each logical data site. In this example, data center G is associated with two hundred thousand client devices since data center G includes twenty logical data sites and each logical data site is associated with ten thousand client devices. 
         [0039]      FIG. 2  illustrates an exemplary data center  210 . The data center  210  includes a data center management server  212 , logical data sites A  214   a , B  214   b  through Z  214   z , and a communication network  218 . Each logical data site A  214   a , B  214   b  through Z  214   z  includes a site management server A  215   a , B  215   b  through Z  215   z  and one or more storage volumes  216   a ,  216   b  through  216   z  (e.g., logical storage volumes, storage devices, distributed storage devices, etc.). The data center management server  212  and/or the site manager servers  215   a ,  215   b  through  215   z  can manage the plurality of logical data sites  214   a - 214   z.    
         [0040]    Each logical data site A  214   a , B  214   b  through Z  214   z  can store and/or retrieve the backup of user data associated with a plurality of users (e.g., subscribers to a backup subscription service, users in a corporate network, etc.). The storage volumes  216   a - 216   z  at each logical site  214   a - 214   z  can store and/or retrieve the backup of the user data. 
         [0041]    In some examples, the backup of the user data is stored on a single storage volume (e.g., single storage device, single logical storage volume, redundant array of inexpensive disks (RAID) storage device, etc.). In other examples, the backup of the user data is stored on one or more storage volumes (e.g., distributed backup among a plurality of storage devices, redundant backup among a plurality of logical storage volumes, redundant backup among a plurality of RAID storage devices, etc.). 
         [0042]    In some examples, the data center management server  212  manages the backup and/or the restoration for the data center  210  and the site manager server manages the storage and/or retrieval at the respective logical data site. 
         [0043]    Although  FIG. 2  illustrates a data center  210  with the logical data sites A  214   a , B  214   b  through Z  214   z , the data center  210  can include a single logical data site or any number of logical data sites (e.g., twenty, forty, one hundred, etc.). Although  FIG. 2  illustrates the data center management server  212  and/or the site management server, the storage and/or retrieval of the backups of user data can be managed individually by either the data center management server  212  or the site management server at each respective logical site. 
         [0044]      FIG. 3A  illustrates a logical data site  304 . The logical data site  304  includes a site management server  305  and storage server A  310   a , B  314   b  through Z  320   z . The storage server A  310   a  includes a storage volume A  312   a . The storage server B  314   b  includes a storage volume B 1   316   b  and a storage volume B 2   318   b . The storage server Z  320   z  includes storage volumes Z 1   322   z  through Z 3   328   z . Any number of storage volumes can be grouped within a storage server. Each storage volume includes a plurality of user data backup (not shown). The site management server  305  can communicate with the storage servers A  310   a , B  314   b  through Z  320   z  to backup and/or restore the backup of the user data. 
         [0045]    Although  FIG. 3A  illustrates storage servers A  310   a , B  314   b  through Z  320   z  and storage volumes  312   a ,  316   b ,  318   b ,  322   z  through  328   z , the logical data site  304  can include any number of storage servers and/or storage volumes. For example, the logical data site  304  can include four storage servers and each storage server includes forty storage volumes. 
         [0046]    In some embodiments, the site management server  305  can include a database server and a server managing storage bandwidth resources for the logical data site  304 . In these embodiments, the site management server  305  can control one or more communications servers that act as intermediary between client communication module  805  and the storage servers A  310   a , B  314   b  through Z  320   z.    
         [0047]      FIG. 3B  illustrates logical data site  334 . The logical data site  334  includes a site management server  335  and a storage server  320 . The storage server  320  includes storage volumes A  330   a , B  330   b  through Z  330   z . Each storage volume A  330   a , B  330   b  through Z  330   z  includes plurality of user data  1 ,  2  through  9  (e.g., the user data is the backup of the user data stored on a client device associated with the user). The site management server  335  can communicate with the storage server  320  and/or the storage volumes A  330   a , B  330   b  through Z  330   z  to backup and/or restore the backup of the user data. 
         [0048]    In some examples, the site management server  335  can communicate with the storage volumes to transfer user data between the storage volumes. In some examples, the site management server  335  can communicate with one or more site management servers (not shown) at one or more other logical data sites (not shown to transfer user data between the logical data sites. 
         [0049]    Although  FIG. 3B  illustrates storage volumes A  330   a , B  330   b  through Z  330   z  and user data  1 ,  2  through  9 , the logical data site  334  can include any number of storage volumes and/or user data. For example, the logical data site  334  can include twenty storage volumes and each storage volume includes user data associated with one thousand users. 
         [0050]      FIG. 4  illustrates an exemplary data center  410  for the backup of user data from one or more client devices  440   a ,  440   b , and  440   c . The data center  410  includes a logical data site  412 . The logical data site  412  includes a storage volume  414 . The storage volume  434  includes user data backups A  432   a , B  432   b , and C  432   c . The user data backups A  422   a , B  422   b , and C  422   c  correspond to user data A  432   a , B  432   b , and C  432   c , respectively. The user data A  432   a , B  432   b , and C  432   c  are stored on the client devices, computer A  440   a , personal digital assistant  440   b , and computer B  440   c , respectively. As illustrated in  FIG. 4 , the user data A  432   a , B  432   b , and C  432   c  stored on the client devices is backed up to the storage volume  414  on the logical data site  412  in the data center  410 . 
         [0051]      FIG. 5  illustrates exemplary user data  510  and user data backup  520 . The user data  510  includes a plurality of files, image files  511 , document files  512 , video files  513 , sound files  514 , database files  515 , and email files  516 , and/or other information (e.g., registry information, user preference information, etc.) stored on a client device in a file tree structure (e.g., hierarchal database, hierarchal flat file, etc.). The user data backup  520  includes a plurality of files, image files  521 , document files  522 , video files  523 , sound files  524 , database files  525 , and email files  526 , and/or other information that is selected for backup by the user, automatically by the management server (e.g., site management server, data center management server, etc.), and/or based on backup templates and/or backup policies. The technology as described herein can be utilized to backup the user data as the user data backup. 
         [0052]    Although  FIG. 5  illustrates certain types of files (e.g., image files, document files, etc.), the technology as described herein can backup any type of information and/or data stored on the client device and/or a storage device connected to the client device (e.g., external storage device, network connected storage device, etc). 
         [0053]      FIG. 6  illustrates an exemplary site management server  600 . The site management server  600  includes a communication module  605 , a user authentication module  610 , a backup management module  615 , a user preference module  620 , a backup set management module  625 , an output device  660 , an input device  665 , a processor  670 , and a storage device  675 . The modules and/or devices can be hardware and/or software. The modules and/or devices illustrated in the site management server  600  can, for example, utilize the processor  670  to execute computer executable instructions and/or include a processor to execute computer executable instructions (e.g., an encryption processing unit, a field programmable gate array processing unit, etc.). It should be understood that the site management server  600  can include, for example, other modules, devices, and/or processors known in the art and/or varieties of the illustrated modules, devices, and/or processors. It should be understood that the modules and/or devices illustrated in the site management server  600  can be located within the site management server  600  and/or connected to the site management server  600  (e.g., directly, indirectly, etc.), but outside of the physical components of the management server (e.g., personal computer, mobile device, etc.). 
         [0054]    The communication module  605  communicates data to/from the site management server  600 . The user authentication module  610  authenticates users to the site management server  600 . The backup management module  615  manages and/or controls backups to/from the site management server  600 . 
         [0055]    The user preference module  620  manages preferences of users and/or collects information associated with user selections and/or preferences. In some embodiments, the user preference module  620  can modify user&#39;s backup sets based on the analysis performed by the backup set management module. In other embodiments, the user preference module  620  can specify backup sets which are disallowed for a given policy. For example, music backup sets can be disallowed during the trial period. 
         [0056]    The backup set management module  625  analyzes modifications made to backup sets by existing users. In some embodiments, the backup set management module  625  can aggregate backup set modifications made by users. The backup set management module  625  can determine based on this analysis whether to similarly modify default backup sets stored on the management server. A default backup set can include a set of related files aggregated together according to certain pre-determine criteria. The user preference module  620  modifies default backup sets and/or other users backup sets based on the analysis performed by the backup set management module  625 . 
         [0057]    In one embodiment, the backup set management module  625  can analyze changes made to the backup sets based on rules stored in the storage device  675 . For example, a rule can provide that if a significant number of users (e.g., more than 75%, more than 90% of users associated with a user type, etc.) have added a new file type to their backup sets, the backup set management module  625  can determine that the new file type must be added to the default backup sets stored on the management server. As another example of a rule, if a significant number of users have added a new backup set (e.g., “Architectural Drawings”, “Baby Pictures”, etc.) that is not already one of the default backup sets, the backup set management module  625  can determine that the new backup set is to be added to the list of default backup sets. As an additional example of a rule, if users are changing one of the default backup sets in a similar way, the backup set management module  625  can determine that default backup sets can be modified correspondingly by changing/deleting one of the existing default backup sets or adding a new default backup set. In another embodiment, the backup set management module  625  can determine based on the analysis described above that backup sets of other users need to be updated automatically. In other embodiments, the backup set management module  625  can notify users with recommended modifications to their backup sets (e.g., adding files, updating file information, deleting files, etc.). 
         [0058]    The output device  660  outputs information and/or data associated with the site management server  600  (e.g., information to a printer (not shown), information to a speaker, etc.). The input device  665  receives information associated with the site management server  600  (e.g., instructions from a user, instructions from a computing device, etc.) from a user (not shown) and/or a computing system (not shown). The input device  665  can include, for example, a keyboard, a scanner, an enrollment device, a scale, etc. 
         [0059]    The processor  670  executes the operating system and/or any other computer executable instructions for the management server (e.g., executes applications, etc.). The site management server  600  can include random access memory (not shown). The random access memory can temporarily store the operating system, the instructions, and/or any other data associated with the management server. The random access memory can include one or more levels of memory storage (e.g., processor register, storage disk cache, main memory, etc.). 
         [0060]    The storage device  675  stores the files, user preferences, backup sets, access information, an operating system and/or any other data or program code associated with the site management server  600 . The storage device can include a plurality of storage devices. The storage device  675  can include, for example, long-term storage (e.g., a hard drive, a tape storage device, flash memory, etc.), short-term storage/e.g., a random access memory, a graphics memory, etc.), and/or any other type of computer readable storage. 
         [0061]    Although  FIG. 6  illustrates the exemplary site management server  600 , any of the management servers described herein (e.g., data center management server) can include the components and functionality described with respect to the site management server  600 . 
         [0062]      FIG. 7  illustrates an exemplary storage server  700 . The storage server  700  includes a data access module  705 , a storage volume management module  710 , a lock management module  715 , a user data backup transfer module  720 , a backend scavenger module  725 , a file check module  730 , an output device  760 , an input device  765 , a processor  770 , and a storage device  775 . The modules and/or devices can be hardware and/or software. The modules and/or devices illustrated in the storage server  700  can, for example, utilize the processor  770  to execute computer executable instructions and/or include a processor to execute computer executable instructions (e.g., an encryption processing unit, a field programmable gate array processing unit, etc.). It should be understood that the storage server  700  can include, for example, other modules, devices, and/or processors known in the art and/or varieties of the illustrated modules, devices, and/or processors. It should be understood that the modules and/or devices illustrated in the storage server  700  can be located within the storage server  700  and/or connected to the storage server  700  (e.g., directly, indirectly, etc.), but outside of the physical components of the management server (e.g., personal computer, mobile device, etc.). 
         [0063]    The data access module  705  accesses data stored on the storage server  700 . The storage volume management module  710  manages user data storages on a storage volume, a logical data site and/or data center. 
         [0064]    The lock management module  715  manages locks for locking user data during transfer of user data, maintenance, etc. In some embodiments, the lock management module  715  can manage different types of locks, including a copy lock protecting file copying, an exclusive lock protecting user data from any access to user data, a scavenger lock protecting for read and occasional deletion of expired or corrupt files, a lock protecting user data for reading and writing, a read lock protecting user data for reading, and/or any other type of computer locking mechanism. In some embodiments, the locks can be local to a storage volume, storage server, or logical data site, etc. 
         [0065]    The user data backup transfer module  720  manages transfer of user data backup between logical data sites and/or data centers. In some embodiments, the user data backup transfer module  720  transfers user data backup from a source logical data site to a destination logical data site which are located in two different data centers. 
         [0066]    The backend scavenger module  725  deletes files no longer required by the client for backup. In some embodiments, the client device determines when to purge unwanted files, and updates the backup status files accordingly. Using the updated backup status files, the backend scavenger module  725  deletes files from storage volumes. The backend scavenger module  725  purges data for expired computers, deletes obsolete backup files, requests resend of missing files, performs server file integrity checks, aggregates client log files, gathers server file statistics to logs and database, and/or manages free space in the file system (e.g., NTFS, proprietary file system). 
         [0067]    The file check module  730  deletes invalid files (e.g., expired files, suspended files, etc.). The file check module  730  verifies integrity of server files, gathers computer parameters from database, records activity to logs and database, and/or reads storage volume configurations from database, etc. In some embodiments, the file check module  730  moves invalid files to a predetermined folder on each storage volume, and the backend scavenger module  725  performs the actual deletion of the invalid files. In other embodiments, using a proprietary file system, the file check module  730  marks the invalid files for purging, and the file system internally manages the deletion of files marked for purging. 
         [0068]    The output device  760  outputs information and/or data associated with the storage server  700  (e.g., information to a printer (not shown), information to a speaker, etc.). The input device  765  receives information associated with the storage server  700  (e.g., instructions from a user, instructions from a computing device, etc.) from a user (not shown) and/or a computing system (not shown). The input device  765  can include, for example, a keyboard, a scanner, an enrollment device, a scale, etc. 
         [0069]    The processor  770  executes the operating system and/or any other computer executable instructions for the management server (e.g., executes applications, etc.). The storage server  700  can include random access memory (not shown). The random access memory can temporarily store the operating system, the instructions, and/or any other data associated with the management server. The random access memory can include one or more levels of memory storage (e.g., processor register, storage disk cache, main memory, etc.). 
         [0070]    The storage device  775  stores the files, user preferences, backup sets, access information, an operating system and/or any other data or program code associated with the storage server  700 . The storage device can include a plurality of storage devices. The storage device  775  can include, for example, long-term storage (e.g., a hard drive, a tape storage device, flash memory, etc.), short-term storage (e.g., a random access memory, a graphics memory, etc.), and/or any other type of computer readable storage. 
         [0071]    Although  FIG. 7  illustrates the exemplary storage server  700 , any of the management servers described herein (e.g., site management server) can include the components and functionality described with respect to the storage server  700 . 
         [0072]      FIG. 8  illustrates an exemplary client device  800 . The client device  800  includes a communication module  805 , a user authentication module  810 , a client backup module  815 , an operating system module  820 , an application module  825 , a client backup set management module  830 , an output device  860 , an input device  865 , a processor  870 , and a storage device  875 . The modules and/or devices can be hardware and/or software. The modules and/or devices illustrated in the client device can, for example, utilize the processor to execute computer executable instructions and/or include a processor to execute computer executable instructions (e.g., an encryption processing unit, afield programmable gate array processing unit, etc.). It should be understood that the client device  800  can include, for example, other modules, devices, and/or processors known in the art and/or varieties of the illustrated modules, devices, and/or processors. It should be understood that the modules and/or devices illustrated in the client device  800  can be located within the client device  800  and/or connected to the client device  800  (e.g., directly, indirectly, etc.), but outside of the physical components of the client device  800  (e.g., personal computer, mobile device, etc.). 
         [0073]    The communication module  805  communicates data and/or information to/from the client device  800 . The user authentication module  810  authenticates users for the client device  800  and/or the client backup module. The client backup module  815  backs-up, restores and/or identifies user data for backup and restoration. The operating system module  820  operates an operating system on the client device  800 . The application module  825  operates one or more applications on the client device  800 . The client backup set management module  830  manages backup sets stored on the client device. 
         [0074]    The output device  860  outputs information and/or data associated with the client device  800  (e.g., information to a printer (not shown), information to a speaker, etc.). The input device  865  receives information associated with the client device (e.g., instructions from a user, instructions from a computing device, etc.) from a user (not shown) and/or a computing system (not shown). The input device  865  can include, for example, a keyboard, a scanner, an enrollment device, a scale, etc. 
         [0075]    The processor  870  executes the operating system and/or any other computer executable instructions for the client device (e.g., executes applications, etc.). The client device  800  can include random access memory (not shown). The random access memory can temporarily store the operating system, the instructions, and/or any other data associated with the client device. The random access memory can include one or more levels of memory storage (e.g., processor register, storage disk cache, main memory, etc.). 
         [0076]    The storage device  875  stores the files, user preferences, backup sets, access information, an operating system and/or any other data or program code associated with the management server (e.g., site management server, data center management server, etc.). The storage device  875  can include a plurality of storage devices. The storage device  875  can include, for example, long-term storage (e.g., a hard drive, a tape storage device, flash memory, etc.), short-term storage (e.g., a random access memory, a graphics memory, etc.), and/or any other type of computer readable storage. 
         [0077]    As illustrated in  FIG. 9 , each user  905  can be associated with one or more backup policies  910 . For example, a user  905  has multiple client devices and has a separate backup policy for each client device (e.g., home computer backup policy for the user&#39;s home computer, personal digital assistant (PDA) backup policy for the user&#39;s FDA, mobile device backup policy for the user&#39;s mobile device, etc). In other embodiments, users can have multiple backup policies for each client device (e.g., music backup policy and document backup policy for the user&#39;s computer, calendar backup policy, contact backup policy, and email backup policy for the user&#39;s mobile device, etc.). 
         [0078]    In some embodiments, each backup policy  910  can include one or more backup sets  915 . A backup set  915  can include a grouping of files according to backup set rules  920 . The backup set rules  920  can include pre-defined criteria (e.g., above a set size, below a set size, etc.) and/or dynamically generated criteria. The pre-defined or dynamically generated criteria can include folder paths (e.g., “C:\users\jdoe\My Movies”), file extensions (e.g., “.mov”), file size specifications (e.g., file size less than 50 MB), file modification date specification (e.g., files modified after Jan. 1, 2009), and/or any other type of pre-defined or dynamically generated parameter. The backup set  915  can be, for example, defined with any combination of these criteria and/or any other information (e.g., other criteria, user inputs, etc.). In some embodiments, one or more folder paths are utilized to define a backup set. The backup policies  910  can be, for example, in binary format, American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) format, Extensible Markup Language (XML) format, and/or any other format. 
         [0079]      FIG. 10A  illustrates the site management server  1010  storing each user&#39;s  1014 ,  1024  through  1034  backup policies  1016 ,  1026 , through  1036  and backup sets  1018 ,  1028  through  1038 . The site management server  1010  can periodically backup the user&#39;s backup policies  1016 ,  1026 , through  1036  and/or backup sets  1018 ,  1028  through  1038 . Each user&#39;s backup policies  1016 ,  1026 , through  1036  and backup sets  1018 ,  1028  through  1038  may also be stored on the user&#39;s client devices as illustrated in  FIG. 10B .  FIG. 10B  illustrates an exemplary client device  1070  storing on a storage device  1070  backup policy  1080  and backup sets  1085 . 
         [0080]    The site management server  1010  can store default or template backup policies  1050 , and default or template backup sets  1055 . In some embodiments, the template backup policies  1050  are managed (e.g., updated, added, deleted, etc.) by the site management server  1010 . The template backup policies  1050  and template backup sets  1055  may be used, for example, for new users or for existing users registering new client devices. In this embodiment, if a new user registers with the backup management system, the new user can be set up to use the template backup policies  1050  and template backup sets  1055  maintained by the site management server  1010 . 
         [0081]      FIG. 11  illustrates an exemplary backup policy  1115  for user “John Doe”. The backup set policy  1115  includes three exemplary backup sets “Desktop”  1120 , “Movies”  1125 , and “Music”  1130 . These three backup sets may be template backup sets originally created by the site management server  600 . In other embodiments, at least one of the backup sets may have been previously created or modified by the user. 
         [0082]    The “Desktop” backup set  1120  is defined as including all files in the “C:\users\jdoe\Desktop” folder, except for files in the “old” subfolder. Accordingly, all files in the Desktop folder, except for the files in the “old” subfolder will be backed up by the client backup module. The “Movies” backup set  1125  is defined as including “.mov” and “.wmv” files in the “C:\users\jdoe\My Movies”. Accordingly, for this backup set, all files in the “My Movies” folder with “.mov” and “.wmv” extensions will be backed up by the client backup module. Finally, the third backup set “Music”  1130  includes all “.mva” and “.mp3” files in the “C:\users\jdoe\My Music” folder. For the “Music” backup set  1130 , all files in the “My Music” folder with “.mva” and “.mp3” extensions will be backed up by the client backup module. 
         [0083]      FIG. 12  illustrates an exemplary backup policy after the user makes modifications to the “Movies” backup set  1125 . In this example, the user adds “.m4v” file format to the “Movies” backup set  1125 . As a result, the updated backup policy  1215  includes a “Movies” backup set  1225  with a “.m4v” file extension included in the list of file extensions. The user may further modify any of the three backup sets  1220 ,  1225 ,  1230  or create a new backup set. 
         [0084]    The grouping of files into backup sets can advantageously help users to understand what is and what is not being backed up. Using interfaces as illustrated in the screenshots of  FIGS. 12-17 , users can easily tell what files and folders are being backed up. In some embodiments, a user may only realize that a file or folder of interest to the user was not backed up after their computer suffered a disk failure. Accordingly, the user interfaces as illustrated in the screenshots of  FIGS. 12-17  advantageously enable the user to proactively correct this issue of files and/or folders not being backed up, thereby increasing the value of the backup system for the user and decreasing the inefficiencies associated with data loss for the user. 
         [0085]    As discussed herein, the interfaces illustrated in  FIGS. 13-18  allow users to view and manage what files and folders are scheduled for backup.  FIG. 13  illustrates a screenshot of an interface that allows users to view their backup sets. The interface displays information about backup sets  1310 , such as backup set name  1320 , total number of files  1330  and total size of files  1340  in each backup set. This interface also illustrates which backup sets are selected for backup. The user may use this interface to select and un-select individual backup sets. Additional information about backup sets may be shown to the user including what time each backup set is scheduled for backup, definition criteria for each backup set, etc. 
         [0086]    In some embodiments, the user can reset all backup set selections to the default backup sets created by the management server. In other embodiments, the default backup sets that do not match any files on the client device may be hidden from the user. In other embodiments, the user can disable any of the backup sets such that files in the disabled backup sets will no longer be backed up. The user&#39;s backup sets can consist entirely of default or template backup sets created by the management server. The user can create their own backup sets, modify default or template backup sets, and modify backup sets previously created by the user. 
         [0087]    In some embodiments, a user clicking on one of the backup sets may show a list of files that are being backed up according to the rules associated with the selected backup set as illustrated in  FIG. 14 . For example, the right-side window  1420  in the interface  1400  displays all the files being backed up for the “Word Processing Documents” backup set  1410 . The interface  1400  displays file name  1430 , folder path  1440 , file size  1450 , and file type  1460  of each file included in the “Word Processing Documents” backup set  1410 . Accordingly, users can tell what files are being backed up. If a user notices that certain files or folders are not being backed up, the user may modify an existing backup set to include the files of interest or alternatively create a new backup set and define it such that files or folders of interest will be backed up. Using the interface in  FIG. 14 , the user may be able to unselect individual files from being included in a backup set. Unselected individual files may then be viewed in the “Ignore Files/Folders” tab  1470  of the interface  1400 . Users may be able to add the unselected individual files or folders back into the backup set. 
         [0088]      FIG. 15  illustrates a screenshot of an interface  1500  allowing the user to view a tree  1510  of all folders on a user&#39;s client device. To view the tree of all folders  1510  the user clicks on the “File System” tab in the interface  1500 . The interface  1500  displays an indication whether each shown folder is being backed up. In addition, the interface  1500  displays a summary  1530  of quota, total number and total size of files selected for backup. When a user clicks on one of the folders, a list of files contained in the selected folder is shown along with an indication of whether each of those files is being backed up. For example, the user clicking on the “Sample Music” folder  1540  causes the interface to display a list of files  1550  contained in the “Sample Music” folder  1540 . The user may be allowed to select and unselect individual files and folders in this interface such that corresponding backup sets are updated. In some embodiments, when a folder is selected for backup, all of its subfolders and files can be selected for backup. In some embodiments, when a user selects a folder or a file to be backed up that is not included in any of the backup sets of the user, then the selected folder or file may be added to an existing backup set that includes files and folders specifically selected by the user. In other embodiments, a new backup set may be automatically created to include a selected file or folder, and the user can later customize the new backup set. 
         [0089]      FIG. 16  illustrates a screenshot of an interface  1600  that provides the user with the ability to create new backup sets. The user can create a new backup set by entering a backup set name  1610 , and defining backup set criteria  1660  such as list of folder paths  1620 , list of files extension  1630 , file size specification  1640 , file modification date specification  1650 , etc. The defining backup set criteria  1660  can include excluded folders, excluded files, excluded file types, etc. The defining backup set criteria  1660  can be any combination of the parameters listed above. For example, the user can create a new backup set called “Small Movie Clips” and define it as a set of files of various types, including “.mov” and “.wmv”, where the size of each file must be less than 50 MB. 
         [0090]    In some embodiments, the interface  1600  enables the user to enter the next backup time as well as how often the new backup set should be backed up. The user can create a new backup set without enabling it for any scheduled backups. In some embodiments, once the user enters the new backup set, the updated list of the user&#39;s backup sets is transmitted to the site management server  600  from the client device  800 . In some embodiments, the updated backup sets, including the newly created backup set, is stored on the client device storage  875 . A user can create backup sets that overlap in terms of what files are included in each backup set. 
         [0091]    The interface  1600  can enable the user to modify an existing backup set. In some embodiments, the user can update any of the defining backup set criteria  1660 . For example, the user can modify the list of file extensions  1630  by adding, removing or updating a file extension. For example, the user can modify the “Small Movie Clips” backup set by adding a new file extension “.m4v” to the list of file extensions  1630  defining this backup set. The user can modify the list of folder paths  1620  by adding, removing or updating one or more folder paths. In addition, the user can modify the size file restriction parameter  1640  and/or the file modification date parameter  1650 . In other embodiments, the interface  1600  can include other criteria defining the backup set not shown in  FIG. 16  which the user may be allowed to modify (e.g., backup set description). In other embodiments, the user interface  1600  can include an option to restore the backup sets to defaults. 
         [0092]      FIG. 17  illustrates an interface  1700  displaying a list of backup sets with color coding blocks (e.g.,  1710 ,  1720 ,  1730 ,  1740 ) next to each backup set to inform the user whether selecting a backup set will make the user go over a storage quota limit  1750 .  FIG. 17A  displays total amount of selected storage  1760  and a percentage bar  1770  indicating percentage of selected storage. As shown, the storage quota  1740  is 10 GB and the total amount of selected storage  1760  is 0 GB. The color coding or other visual symbols may advantageously make it easier for the user to determine whether the quota limit  1750  is close to being reached. 
         [0093]    As illustrated in  FIG. 17 , the color coding technique utilizes boxes next to each backup set, shown in different colors, depending on whether selecting the folder will make the files or folders being backed up as part of the backup set go over the storage quota. In some embodiments, a red box located next to a backup set indicates to the user that backup of this backup set will use up a lot more than 100% of allowed storage quota  1750 . For example, the “Documents” backup set is shown to have a size of 26.5 GB. The “Documents” backup set is marked with a solid red box  1710  next to it, indicating that selecting the “Documents” backup set for backup will put the user well over the allowed storage quota  1750  of 10 GB. 
         [0094]    In some embodiments, the red box can be partially filled, indicating to the user that the backup for the corresponding backup set would use slightly more than 100% of allowed storage quota  1750 . For example, a “Video” backup set having a size of 10.1 GB has a partially filled red box  1740  next to it indicating that the backup set size is slightly larger than the total allowed storage quota  1750 . In other embodiments, a percentage of a fill of a partially filled box can be proportional to the backup set size. 
         [0095]    In some embodiments, a backup set that would use 80-100% of the allowed storage quota  1750  can have a yellow box next to it, signifying that the backup set will not put the user over the allowed quota  1750 , but that the user is very close to reaching the quota  1750 . A backup set of a smaller size can have a white or empty box next to it signaling to the user that selecting this folder will not put the user over the quota and there is still space left to further select additional folders or files for backup. For example, the “Finance” folder with a size of 2.5 GB has a box  1720  displayed next it. In some embodiments, the box  1720  can be of white color indicating that the “Finance” backup set uses less than 80% (or any other percentage) of the allowed storage quota  1750 . In other embodiments, other visual indications (e.g., symbols, icon change, etc.) can be used to indicate storage quota usage. 
         [0096]    The colors of the colored blocks and/or the visual indications may change depending on how much space is left after backup sets are selected, unselected, created, and/or modified. For example, with a 1000 MB quota, a backup set that is 400 MB large would have a white block next to it. However, once the user selects a backup set for backup that is larger than 600 MB, then the white block next to the 400 MB folder can change color (e.g. to red) to signal that the 400 MB backup set can no longer be selected to fit within the allowed storage quota. 
         [0097]    As illustrated in  FIG. 14 , when the user clicks on the backup set “Word Processing Documents”, a list of corresponding files and/or folders is displayed. In some embodiments, the visual indicators such as colored boxed (not shown) can be located next to each file in the right window panel  1420  indicating to the user whether selecting a file will make the user go over a storage quota limit. 
         [0098]    In  FIG. 18 , a flow chart  1800  relating to transfer of data between a client device  1810  and a site management server  1830  is shown, according to an exemplary embodiment. The user authentication module  610  authenticates ( 1812 ) the client device  1810  to the site management server  1830 . In some embodiments, the user&#39;s backup policy may be stored on the client device  1810 , in which case the client device  1910  will retrieve the backup policy from its own storage device. In other embodiments, the user&#39;s backup policies are stored on the site management server  1830 . In this embodiment, the backup set management module  625  retrieves ( 1832 ) the backup policy for the client device  1810  and sends ( 1914 ) the retrieved backup policy back to the client device  1810 . The user can update their backup sets by creating new backup sets, modifying or deleting ( 1816 ) existing backup sets. In some embodiments, the client backup set management module  830  stores the updated backup sets in the storage device  875 . The client backup set management module  830  transmits ( 1917 ) updated backup sets back to the backup set management module  625  for storage and processing. The backup set management module  625  stores ( 1834 ) the received backup sets in the storage device  675 . 
         [0099]      FIG. 19  depicts a flow chart  1900  relating to registering a new client device  1910 . When an existing or new user registers the new client device  1910 , the user authentication module  610  authenticates ( 1912 ) and registers ( 1914 ) the new user or new client device  1910 . The backup set management module  625  retrieves ( 1932 ) a set of default backup sets from storage. The set of default backup sets is managed by the backup set management module  625 . As discussed herein, the default backup sets may incorporate aggregated changes made to the backup sets by other users. The backup set management module  625  transmits ( 1916 ) the default backup sets back to the client device  1910 . In some embodiments, the backup set management module  625  transmits a default backup policy to the client device  1910 . The user can modify ( 1918 ) the default backup sets in order to ensure backup of all the files and folders of interest to the user. The client backup set management module  830  manages and stores the updated backup sets on the client device  1910 . The client backup set management module  830  transmits ( 1920 ) the updated backup sets back to the backup set management module  625  and stores the received updated backup sets in the storage device  675 . Based on the changes to the backup sets made by the registered users, the backup set management module  625  can modify the default backup sets and backups sets of other users. 
         [0100]      FIG. 20  further illustrates a flow chart  2000  relating the site management server  600  analyzing backup sets received from client devices. The backup set management module  625  receives ( 2010 ) updated backup sets from one or more client devices. The backup set management module  625  stores ( 2020 ) received updated backup sets in the storage device  675  or other storage. The backup set management module  625  analyzes ( 2030 ) backup sets associated with one or more client devices. In some embodiments, the backup set management module  625  performs statistical analysis of modifications made by users to their backup sets, and determines whether to modify default or template backup sets based on the results of the analysis. The backup set management module  625  can aggregate modifications that users have made to their backup sets. For example, if a significant number of users (e.g., above a predefined number, above a predefined percentage of users, above a dynamically determined number of users associated with a user type, etc.) add a specific file type to their backup sets, the backup set management module  625  can determine to add this file type to one or more of the default backup sets. This feedback mechanism advantageously enables the backup and restoration process as described herein to learn from the users and distribute the learning to other users for the benefit of all of the users, thereby increasing the efficiency of the backup and restoration process by backing up more files that are important for the users. Based on the analysis performed in step  2030 , the backup set management module  625  updates ( 2040 ) the default backup sets stored on the site management server  600 . 
         [0101]    In some embodiments, the backup set management module  625  automatically updates ( 2050 ) effected users&#39; backup sets definitions based on other users&#39; backup sets modifications without prompting the effected users. In these embodiments, the backup set management module  625  updates the effected users&#39; backup sets definitions stored on the site management server  600  and transmits modified backup sets to the effected users client devices. For example, the backup set management module  625  determines that the backup sets of the effected users need to be updated with a new file type. The user preference module  620  can modify the users&#39; backup sets based on this determination. In this embodiment, the users may have elected to have automatic updates performed on their backup sets. In some embodiments, if a user has previously made modifications to a backup set which contradict modifications that the management server determined to automatically apply to the user&#39;s backup set, then the user may be manually prompted with a dialog indicating that recommended modifications to the user&#39;s backup set may be applied by overwriting the user&#39;s backup set&#39;s definition. In other embodiments, the user&#39;s backup set definition may be overwritten without prompting the user. 
         [0102]    In another embodiment, the backup set management module  625  determines that some critical backup set modifications need to be automatically applied to backup sets of some or all of the users, while for less critical backup sets modifications, the users may be manually prompted. In these embodiments, the users who accept recommended modifications or elect to have their backup sets automatically updated may advantageously benefit from other users&#39; backup set modifications. For instance, some users may be using a new video file format (e.g., “.m4v”) without having their backup sets updated with the new video file format. A large number of other users adding the new video file format to their backup sets may trigger the backup set management module  625  to update default backups sets as well as effected users&#39; backup sets with this new video file format. 
         [0103]    In some embodiments, the effected users are prompted whether they would like to update their backup sets with the backup sets changes recommended by the management server. Accordingly, each effected user may advantageously benefit from the feedback that the site management server  600  has received from other users about their backup sets. For example, one of the recommended changes may be to add the “.m4v” file format to one or more backup sets. The user may decide to ignore the recommended modifications to the user&#39;s backup sets. The user may also elect not to receive any future recommendations to update backup sets based on backup set changes implemented by other users. 
         [0104]    In other embodiments, the users are only prompted when updates recommended by the backup set management module  625  conflict with users&#39; previous updates to their backup sets. In these embodiments, the users may receive an indication that recommended backup sets updates can only be applied by overwriting their backup sets&#39; definitions. 
         [0105]    In other embodiments, a user may elect not to allow the site management server  600  analyze changes made by the user to the user&#39;s backup sets. In this embodiment, the client device  800  may still transmit to the site management server  600  the modified backup sets for storage and backup, but the site management server  800  will not analyze the changes made by the user. In another embodiment, a user may elect not to receive any recommendations or automatic updates to their backup sets based on changes made by the other users to their backup sets. 
         [0106]    In other embodiments, the backup set management module  625  analyzes whether users are accepting recommended changes to their backup sets. Based on this analysis, the backup set management module  625  can determine whether to further modify template or default backup sets maintained by the backup set management module  625 . The default backup sets may be used for new users or for existing users registering new client devices. The backup set management module  625  may also revert changes previously made to users&#39; backup sets. 
         [0107]    The above-described systems and methods can be implemented in digital electronic circuitry, in computer hardware, firmware, and/or software. The implementation can be as a computer program product (i.e., a computer program tangibly embodied in an information carrier). The implementation can, for example, be in a machine-readable storage device, for execution by, or to control the operation of, data processing apparatus. The implementation can, for example, be a programmable processor, a computer, and/or multiple computers. 
         [0108]    A computer program can be written in any form of programming language, including compiled and/or interpreted languages, and the computer program can be deployed in any form, including as a stand-alone program or as a subroutine, element, and/or other unit suitable for use in a computing environment. A computer program can be deployed to be executed on one computer or on multiple computers at one site. 
         [0109]    Method steps can be performed by one or more programmable processors executing a computer program to perform functions of the invention by operating on input data and generating output. Method steps can also be performed by and an apparatus can be implemented as special purpose logic circuitry. The circuitry can, for example, be a FPGA (field programmable gate array) and/or an ASIC (application-specific integrated circuit). Modules, subroutines, and software agents can refer to portions of the computer program, the processor, the special circuitry, software, and/or hardware that implements that functionality. 
         [0110]    Processors suitable for the execution of a computer program include, by way of example, both general and special purpose microprocessors, and any one or more processors of any kind of digital computer. Generally, a processor receives instructions and data from a read-only memory or a random access memory or both. The essential elements of a computer are a processor for executing instructions and one or more memory devices for storing instructions and data. Generally, a computer can include, can be operatively coupled to receive data from and/or transfer data to one or more mass storage devices for storing data (e.g., magnetic, magneto-optical disks, or optical disks). 
         [0111]    Data transmission and instructions can also occur over a communications network. Information carriers suitable for embodying computer program instructions and data include all forms of non-volatile memory, including by way of example semiconductor memory devices. The information carriers can, for example, be EPROM, EEPROM, flash memory devices, magnetic disks, internal hard disks, removable disks, magneto-optical disks, CD-ROM, and/or DVD-ROM disks. The processor and the memory can be supplemented by, and/or incorporated in special purpose logic circuitry. 
         [0112]    To provide for interaction with a user, the above described techniques can be implemented on a computer having a display device. The display device can, for example, be a cathode ray tube (CRT) and/or a liquid crystal display (LCD) monitor The interaction with a user can, for example, be a display of information to the user and a keyboard and a pointing device (e.g., a mouse or a trackball) by which the user can provide input to the computer (e.g., interact with a user interface element). Other kinds of devices can be used to provide for interaction with a user. Other devices can, for example, be feedback provided to the user in any form of sensory feedback (e.g., visual feedback, auditory feedback, or tactile feedback). Input from the user can, for example, be received in any form, including acoustic, speech, and/or tactile input. 
         [0113]    The above described techniques can be implemented in a distributed computing system that includes a back-end component. The back-end component can, for example, be a data server, a middleware component, and/or an application server. The above described techniques can be implemented in a distributing computing system that includes a front-end component. The front-end component can, for example, be a client computer having a graphical user interface, a Web browser through which a user can interact with an example implementation, and/or other graphical user interfaces for a transmitting device. The components of the system can be interconnected by any form or medium of digital data communication (e.g., a communication network). Examples of communication networks include a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), the Internet, wired networks, and/or wireless networks. 
         [0114]    The system can include clients and servers. A client and a server are generally remote from each other and typically interact through a communication network. The relationship of client and server arises by virtue of computer programs running on the respective computers and having a client-server relationship to each other. 
         [0115]    Packet-based networks can include, for example, the Internet, a carrier internet protocol (IP) network (e.g., local area network (LAN), wide area network (WAN), campus area network (CAN), metropolitan area network (MAN), home area network (HAN)), a private IP network, an IP private branch exchange (IPBX), a wireless network (e.g., radio access network (RAN), 802.11 network, 802.16 network, general packet radio service (GPRS) network, HiperLAN), and/or other packet-based networks. Circuit-based networks can include, for example, the public switched telephone network (PSTN), a private branch exchange (PBX), a wireless network (e.g., RAN, Bluetooth, code-division multiple access (CDMA) network, time division multiple access (TDMA) network, global system for mobile communications (GSM) network), and/or other circuit-based networks. 
         [0116]    The client device can include, for example, a computer, a computer with a browser device, a telephone, an IP phone, a mobile device (e.g., cellular phone, personal digital assistant (FDA) device, laptop computer, electronic mail device), and/or other communication devices. The browser device includes, for example, a computer (e.g., desktop computer, laptop computer) with a world wide web browser (e.g., Microsoft® Internet Explorer® available from Microsoft Corporation, Mozilla® Firefox available from Mozilla Corporation). The mobile computing device includes, for example, a personal digital assistant (PDA). 
         [0117]    Comprise, include, and/or plural forms of each are open ended and include the listed parts and can include additional parts that are not listed. And/or is open ended and includes one or more of the listed parts and combinations of the listed parts. 
         [0118]    As used in this application, the terms “component,” “module,” “system,” and the like are intended to refer to a computer-related entity, either hardware, firmware, a combination of hardware and software, software, or software in execution. For example, a component can be, but is not limited to being, a process running on a processor, an integrated circuit, an object, an executable, a thread of execution, a program, and/or a computer. By way of illustration, both an application running on a computing device and the computing device can be a component. One or more components can reside within a process and/or thread of execution and a component can be localized on one computer and/or distributed between two or more computers. In addition, these components can execute from various computer readable media having various data structures stored thereon. The components can communicate by way of local and/or remote processes such as in accordance with a signal having one or more data packets (e.g., data from one component interacting with another component in a local system, distributed system, and/or across a network such as the Internet with other systems by way of the signal). 
         [0119]    Moreover, various functions described herein can be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, the functions can be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media can be non-transitory in nature and can include both computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A storage media can be any available media that can be accessed by a computer. By way of example, and not limitation, such computer-readable media can comprise RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to carry or store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a computer. Also, any physical connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium. For example, if the software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of medium. Disk and disc, as used herein, includes compact disc (CD), laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD), floppy disk and blu-ray disc (BD), where disks usually reproduce data magnetically and discs reproduce data optically with lasers. Combinations of the above should also be included within the scope of computer-readable media. 
         [0120]    Additionally, in the subject description, the word “exemplary” is used to mean serving as an example, instance, or illustration. Any embodiment or design described herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments or designs. Rather, use of the word exemplary is intended to present concepts in a concrete manner. 
         [0121]    One skilled in the art will realize the invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The foregoing embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects illustrative rather than limiting of the invention described herein. Scope of the invention is thus indicated by the appended claims, rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes that come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.