Abstract:
A high pressure swivel system provides fluid communication on a turret-moored vessel between a swivel core member being in fixed rotational alignment with a seabed mooring system and a swivel revolving member being in fixed rotational alignment with the hull of the vessel. The revolving member has upper and lower radially extending surfaces. On each of the radially extending surfaces are a series of radially spaced apart pressure seals. Hydraulic barrier fluid pressure is regulated in each of the volumes formed between the pressure seals. The pressures in the volumes are regulated such that a process fluid pressure higher than could be tolerated by any one individual pressure seal is safely accommodated by sharing the high process fluid pressure between or among two or more of the radially spaced apart pressure seals.

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
       [0001]    The present disclosure relates to fluids handling equipment for floating vessels used in the offshore oil and gas industry. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to high pressure swivels used with turret-moored floating production, storage and/or offloading vessels. 
       BACKGROUND 
       [0002]    In the offshore oil and gas industry, large floating vessels, such as a floating production, storage and offloading (FPSO) vessel or a floating storage and offloading (FSO) vessels, are used to receive produced hydrocarbons from subsea wells or manifolds or from nearby platforms or other subsea equipment, process them (in the case of an FPSO vessel), and store them until the oil and/or gas can be offloaded onto a tanker or other equipment. The FPSO/FSO vessel can be moored using a turret mooring system in which a fixed turret column is held by an internal or external vessel structure using a bearing arrangement. The vessel-bound components can weathervane freely around the turret, which is fixed via a number of anchor lines with respect to the seabed. This arrangement allows the FSO/FPSO vessel to adopt the direction of least resistance against waves, wind, and currents. 
         [0003]    A turret-moored FPSO/FSO vessel makes use of swivels to allow for the transfer of fluids across the rotary-turret interface while the vessel weathervanes around the turret. Conventional, large diameter swivels have been limited in their pressure capacity i.e. the pressure differential or difference between pressures of the process fluid and the ambient environment up to a maximum of about 600 bars. It is desirable to provide swivel systems that can be used with higher pressure process fluids. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0004]    This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts that are further described below in the detailed description. This summary is not intended to identify key or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to alter or limit the scope of the claimed subject matter. 
         [0005]    A high pressure swivel system for a turret-moored vessel is described. The system includes a core member defining a central axis and capable of transferring high pressure process fluid between subsea and vessel while remaining in fixed rotational alignment with a seabed mooring system. The system also includes a revolving member, having upper and lower sealing faces extending radially away from the axis and high pressure fluid ports in communication with the process fluid, capable of revolving about the axis while remaining in fixed rotational alignment with the hull of the vessel. The system also includes: upper and lower fixed members, having sealing faces extending radially away from the axis, capable of remaining in fixed rotational alignment with the mooring system; multiple upper pressure seals spaced at different radii from the axis between the upper fixed member and revolving member; multiple lower pressure seals spaced at different radii from the axis between the lower fixed member and revolving member; and a hydraulic barrier fluid supply system to supply pressurized barrier fluid to volumes between the pressure seals for distribution of process fluid pressure among at least two pressure seals, thereby allowing process fluid pressure to safely exceed the operating limits of individual seals. 
         [0006]    A method of providing process fluid communication on a turret-moored vessel between a swivel core member in fixed rotational alignment with a seabed mooring system and a swivel revolving member in fixed rotational alignment with the hull of the vessel and revolving about a central axis of the core member is also described. The method includes regulating hydraulic barrier fluid pressure in first and second volumes between at least three pressure seals extending radially along the revolving member such that the process fluid pressure is distributed among at least two of the pressure seals, thereby allowing the process fluid pressure to safely exceed the operating limits of the pressure seals. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0007]    The subject disclosure is further described in the detailed description which follows, in reference to the following drawings of non-limiting embodiments of the subject disclosure. The features depicted in the figures are not necessarily shown to scale. Certain features of the embodiments may be shown exaggerated in scale or in somewhat schematic form, and some details of elements may not be shown in the interest of clarity and conciseness. Like reference numbers and designations in the various drawings indicate like elements. 
           [0008]      FIG. 1  is a diagram illustrating a vessel supporting a turret using a high pressure swivel system according to one of more aspects of the present disclosure; 
           [0009]      FIG. 2  is a perspective view of a high pressure swivel system according to one or more aspects of additional embodiments of the present disclosure; 
           [0010]      FIG. 3  is a cross sectional view of a high pressure swivel system according to one or more aspects of additional embodiments of the present disclosure; 
           [0011]      FIG. 4  is a cross section illustrating further detail of a series of radially-spaced pressure seals used in a high pressure swivel system, according to one or more aspects of additional embodiments of the present disclosure; 
           [0012]      FIG. 5  is a cross section illustrating further detail of a series of radially-spaced pressure seals used in a high pressure swivel system, according to one or more aspects of additional embodiments of the present disclosure; and 
           [0013]      FIG. 6  is a cross section illustrating further detail of hydraulic fluid supply to a series of radially-spaced pressure seals used in a high pressure swivel system, according to one or more aspects of additional embodiments of the present disclosure. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0014]    The present disclosure relates generally to systems and methods for a high pressure swivel for use with a turret-moored vessel. 
         [0015]    One or more specific embodiments of the present disclosure will be described below. The particulars shown herein are by way of example, and for purposes of illustrative discussion of the embodiments of the subject disclosure only, and are presented in the cause of providing what is believed to be the most useful and readily understood description of the principles and conceptual aspects of the subject disclosure. In this regard, no attempt is made to show structural details of the subject disclosure in more detail than is necessary for the fundamental understanding of the subject disclosure, the description taken with the drawings making apparent to those skilled in the art how the several forms of the subject disclosure may be embodied in practice. Additionally, in an effort to provide a concise description of these exemplary embodiments, all features of an actual implementation may not be described in the specification. It should be appreciated that in the development of any such actual implementation, as in any engineering or design project, numerous implementation-specific decisions must be made to achieve the developers&#39; specific goals, such as compliance with system-related and business-related constraints, which may vary from one implementation to another. Moreover, it should be appreciated that such a development effort might be complex and time-consuming, but would nevertheless be a routine undertaking of design, fabrication, and manufacture for those of ordinary skill having the benefit of this disclosure. 
         [0016]    When introducing elements of various embodiments of the present invention, the articles “a,” “an,” “the,” and “said” are intended to mean that there are one or more of the elements. The terms “comprising,” “including,” and “having” are used in an open-ended fashion, and thus should be interpreted to mean “including, but not limited to . . . ” Also, any use of any form of the terms “connect,” “engage,” “couple,” “attach,” or any other term describing an interaction between elements is intended to mean either an indirect or a direct interaction between the elements described. In addition, as used herein, the terms “axial” and “axially” generally mean along or parallel to a central axis (e.g., central axis of a body or a port), while the terms “radial” and “radially” generally mean perpendicular to the central axis. For instance, an axial distance refers to a distance measured along or parallel to the central axis, and a radial distance means a distance measured perpendicular to the central axis. The use of “top,” “bottom,” “above,” “below,” and variations of these terms is made for convenience, but does not require any particular orientation of the components. 
         [0017]    Certain terms are used throughout the description and claims to refer to particular features or components. As one skilled in the art will appreciate, different persons may refer to the same feature or component by different names. This document does not intend to distinguish between components or features that differ in name but not function. 
         [0018]      FIG. 1  is a diagram illustrating a vessel supporting a turret using a high pressure swivel system, according to some embodiments. Vessel  112  is shown on the surface of seawater  102 . According to some examples, vessel  112  is a floating production, storage and offloading (FPSO) vessel configured to receive hydrocarbons produced from subsea subterranean reservoirs, to processing and/or store the received hydrocarbons. Vessel  112  includes a rotatable turret  110  and a vessel structure  116  that surrounds the turret  110 . A turret bearing system  120  is provided to support rotatable turret  110  on vessel  112  so as to allow the vessel  112  to weathervane 360° in either direction around vertical turret axis  114 , as shown by the dotted arrows. Risers  130  and the anchor chains  132  of the mooring system are locked to the lower part of turret  110 . Thus in operation turret  110  is in “fixed” rotational alignment with the mooring system and therefore also with the sea bed, while the hull of the vessel  112  and surrounding vessel structure  116  are able to rotate about turret axis  114 . 
         [0019]    Stacked above the turret system are one or more high pressure swivel(s)  140  through which high pressure fluid can pass between the vessel and the risers or other fluid conduits without twisting the risers and conduits. The swivel(s)  140  include an inner core that is fixed with the turret (and the mooring system) and a plurality of rotatable collars or rings. According to some embodiments, rotating turret  110  is also used to supply an umbilical  136  that may include for example electric and/or hydraulic lines (not shown) to a subsea system  134  which can be, for example, a subsea pump and/or compressor. Although an FPSO vessel  112  is shown in  FIGS. 1 and 2 , the embodiments described herein are equally applicable to an FSO vessel or other vessel used for similar purpose. Also, although vessel  112  is shown in  FIG. 1  with an internally mounted turret, the embodiments described herein are equally applicable to other types of turret mountings including external turret mountings. 
         [0020]    According to some embodiments, the swivel system of the present disclosure can tolerate process pressures that far exceed the safety limits for each of the individual pressure seals used, which can be between 500 and 600 bar. In one example the process pressure may reach 15,000 psi or 1035 bar. At these pressure levels, very high axial and radial forces are created in normal operation. In some cases even higher pressures and forces can be used during operation and/or during pressure testing of the swivel system of the present disclosure. 
         [0021]      FIG. 2  is a perspective view of a high pressure swivel system  140  according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. High pressure swivel system  140  is shown in this example with two outlet rings  210  and  220  that revolve about the central longitudinal axis  114  (also the turret axis in  FIG. 1 ) as shown by the double tipped arrows. Each of the outlet rings  210  and  220  has a number of outlet ports of which ports  212 ,  214 , and  222  are visible in  FIG. 2 . According to some embodiments, each outlet ring has three outlet ports, although this number can change upward or downward depending on the particular application. The outlet ports are in fluid communication with fluid conduits within swivel core  200 . A central conduit  202  is visible in  FIG. 2 , although other conduits can also be included within core  200 , with different conduits being fluidly connected to different outlet rings. In the example shown in  FIG. 2 , the outlet rings as well as bearing rings and other supporting rings (to be described below) are held together axially by an upper threaded nut  230  and a lower threaded nut  240 . Although threaded engagement of components is shown, components such as for example rings also may be engaged or held together axially by other means (e.g., the upper or lower threaded nut  230 ,  240  may also be a solid part of the core  200 ). 
         [0022]      FIG. 3  is a cross sectional view of a high-pressure swivel system  140  according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. Visible in  FIG. 3  is the central swivel core  200  that is fixed rotationally with the mooring system. The core  200  includes several fluid conduits of which central fluid conduit  202  and annular fluid conduits  302  and  304  are visible. In this example, conduit  302  is in fluid communication with outlet ports on outlet ring  210  including visible outlet port  212 , and conduit  304  is in fluid communication with outlet ports on outlet ring  220  including visible outlet port  222 . The fluid communication may be achieved via lateral holes, bores, or conduits in core  200 , through intermediate rings  338  and  348 , and within the outlet rings  210  and  220 . According to some embodiments, a total of six annular fluid conduits are bored into core  200  (of which only conduits  302  and  304  are visible in  FIG. 3 ), with three of the six conduits being equally spaced within core  200  and in fluid communication with aligned holes in intermediate ring  338  or intermediate ring  348 . The total number annular fluid conduits, the number of conduits in fluid communication with each intermediate ring, and the relative spacing of the conduits each or all may be varied depending upon the specifics of a project. For example, these aspects may be varied based on the types and flow volumes of fluid being transferred and/or any number of other project-specific factors. 
         [0023]    The rotational movement of outlet ring  210  with respect to core  200  is provided by roller bearings  332  and  336 , which are supported by bearing rings  330  and  334 . Similarly, rotational movement of outlet ring  220  with respect to core  200  is provided by roller bearings  342  and  346 , which are supported by bearing rings  340  and  344 . In the arrangement shown, the two outlet rings  210  and  220  are free to revolve about the axis  114  while the core  200 , intermediate rings  338  and  348 , and bearing rings  330 ,  334 ,  340  and  344  are all in a fixed relationship with each other and are also in a fixed rotational alignment with the mooring system. Upper and lower horizontal, radially extending interfaces between the outlet rings and bearing rings are each sealed with a series of pressure seals. In particular, pressure seals  310  and  312  are used to seal outlet ring  210  and pressure seals  320  and  322  are used to seal outlet ring  220 . 
         [0024]    The bearing rings and outlet rings are held together in the axial direction by supporting rings  350  and  354 , and upper and lower threaded nuts  230  and  240 . In operation, due to the radial orientation of the pressure seals  310 ,  312 ,  320  and  322  and other factors, very high fluid pressures cause very large axial forces to be created. Additionally, temperature changes for example from high process fluid temperatures can cause substantial changes in the axial dimensions of the various components. Hydraulic pistons  360  and  362  are provided to balance the axial pressures and to accommodate such dimensional changes. For example, during process pressure ramp-up, pistons  360  and  362  are used to gradually counteract the increasing axial forces generated by the seals  310 ,  312 ,  320  and  322 . To further strengthen the supporting structures for counteracting the large axial forces, according to some embodiments the upper and lower threaded nuts  230  and  240  may use buttress threads  306  and  308  respectively, which have significantly larger tooth base (shear area) than conventional trapezoidal threads. 
         [0025]      FIG. 4  is a cross section illustrating further detail of a series of radially-spaced dynamic pressure seals  322  and axially-spaced static pressure seals  440  used in a high pressure swivel system according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. Note that as shown in  FIG. 4 , bearing ring  344  remains static with respect to core body  200 , so the seals  440 , which may vary in shape and/or in number, are static seals. Also visible in  FIG. 4  is a dirt scraper ring  420 , which may be used to aid in preventing particulate matter from entering seals  322 , roller bearing  346 , and outlet ring  220 . Dynamic pressure seals  322  are shown in  FIG. 4  as including five individual pressure seals, but more or fewer pressure seals may be used. According to some embodiments the other pressure seals  310 ,  312  and  320  may be similar or identical to pressure seals  322 . 
         [0026]      FIG. 5  is a cross section illustrating further detail of a series of radially-spaced pressure seals used in a high pressure swivel system, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. In the example shown, pressure seals  322  may include a series of radially spaced apart pressure seals such as  510 ,  520 ,  522 ,  530 , and  540 . According to some embodiments, the first two pressure seals  510  and  520  can be configured to maintain a higher pressure on the outer sides (i.e. higher pressure on the sides of the seal furthest from the central swivel axis), while the other pressure seals  522 ,  530  and  540  can be configured to maintain a higher pressure on the inner sides (i.e. higher pressure on the sides of the seal closest to the central swivel axis). According to some embodiments, the pressure seals  520  and  522  are conceptualized as a single seal such that seal  510  is a “primary seal,” seals  520  and  522  make up a “second seal” or “secondary seal,” seal  530  is a “third seal,” and seal  540  is a “fourth seal,” for example. Further, according to some embodiments, in normal operation the pressure within the secondary seal (i.e. location  524  between seals  520  and  522 ) may be configured to be higher than either the process fluid pressure at location  500  or the ambient pressure. According to some embodiments, the pressure at location  514  may be configured to be maintained at an intermediate pressure between the process fluid pressure at location  500  and the secondary seal pressure at location  524 . According to some embodiments, the pressure at location  534  (i.e. between secondary seal  522  and third seal  530 ) may be configured to be maintained at an intermediate pressure between the secondary seal pressure at location  524  and the pressure at location  544 . In normal operation according to some embodiments, the fourth seal  540  may provide an extra pressure seal which can be used in cases when another pressure seal has failed. In such cases the normal operating pressure of location  544  may be configured to be at or near the ambient pressure. 
         [0027]      FIG. 6  is a cross section illustrating further detail of hydraulic fluid supply to a series of radially-spaced pressure seals used in a high pressure swivel system, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. According to some embodiments, the differential pressure across each of the barrier pressure seals  510 ,  520 ,  522 ,  530  and  540  is regulated by a control system (not shown) which monitors, supplies, and dumps or releases hydraulic barrier fluid. The barrier fluid may be oil or another hydraulic fluid of little to no compressibility. The process pressure in location  500  (or elsewhere in the system) is continuously measured. The control system regulates the differential pressures across each barrier pressure seal by either dumping fluid via one or more dump valves, or supplying fluid via one or more pumps and/or supply valves. In  FIG. 6  barrier fluid supply systems  610 ,  620 ,  630  and  640  are shown which supply barrier fluid to location  514 ,  524 ,  534 , and  544 , respectively. One or more pumps are controlled so as to start on a minimum pressure and to stop at a maximum pressure. 
         [0028]    According to some embodiments, the entire range of operating process pressures is divided into several distinct ranges or steps. For example, a process pressure range from 0 to 1035 bar can be divided into two or more steps. In this example the range is divided into three steps: (1) below 345 bar; (2) between 345 and 690 bar; and (3) between 690 and 1035 bar. In such cases each of the systems  610 ,  620 ,  630  and  640  can have a number of pressure regulating valves that corresponds to the number of steps, with each separate regulating valve being set according to a predetermined pressure level for that location. In the example with three steps, each system  610 ,  620 ,  630  and  640  has three pressure regulating valves. At any one time, two of the pressure regulating valves for a particular location are isolated, for example, using normally-closed actuated valves. When a change in pressure is needed to transition between steps, the control system operates the actuator for the appropriate pressure regulating valve. In the case of lowering pressure, the surplus barrier fluid is released or dumped back into a storage tank or to a closed drain. After a pressure is reached that is appropriate for the particular step and location, the control system closes the actuated valve, and regulates the pump according to the step-prescribed pressure. According to some embodiments, the pressures are all regulated with the same control system and at the same time such that the pressure differences between the pressure seals are maintained in accordance with the prescribed step. When moving to a higher pressure, a similar procedure is performed. 
         [0029]    The pumps may be started for all of the locations at the same time. According to some embodiments, accumulators are used to smooth out pressure pulses and surges, for example, in applications where the supply pressure will vary quite often. Accumulators can be pre-charged with gas such that optimum operation is within a limited pressure band above the pre-charge pressure. In the case of applications with high process pressures, the pre-charge pressures in the accumulators will also need to be set quite high. The pressure can be regulated either continuously or stepwise. When using a step-wise pressure regulation scheme, each accumulator can be pre-charged for a specific step pressure. At any one time, only the accumulator that corresponds to the current step is used while the other accumulators for that location are disconnected. 
         [0030]    Table 1 shows an example of barrier fluid pressure levels for a step-wise control system during normal operation for a process fluid pressure ranging from 0 to 1035 bar, according to some embodiments. The Primary, Secondary (or Second), Third and Fourth pressures can correspond to pressures at locations  514 ,  524 ,  534  and  544  as regulated by the systems  610 ,  620 ,  630  and  640  shown in  FIG. 6 . 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Example of Normal Operation 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Process 
                 Primary 
                 Secondary 
                 Third 
                 Fourth 
               
               
                 Fluid (bar) 
                 ⊂ 
                 ⊂ ⊃ 
                 ⊃ 
                 ⊃ 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                  690-1035 
                 1055 
                 1075 
                 540 
                 0 
               
               
                 345-690 
                 710 
                 730 
                 365 
                 0 
               
               
                  0-345 
                 365 
                 385 
                 195 
                 0 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0031]    In the example shown in  FIG. 6 , barrier fluid supply systems  610 ,  620 ,  630  and  640  can include a total eight supply lines and either four or eight return lines. Use of multiple lines provides redundancy in the form of a backup supply for each location. For further detail relating to monitoring and control of barrier fluid supply to pressure seals for swivels, see co-owned U.S. Pat. No. 8,297,623, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. 
         [0032]    According to some embodiments, the high pressure swivel system of the present disclosure is fault tolerant such that it can continue operation even if one or more of the pressure seals does not maintain pressure. Tables 2-5 illustrate exemplary pressure levels for several fault mode scenarios. In particular, Table 2 shows an example of pressure levels in the case where the primary seal (e.g. seal  510 ) is damaged. In this case the inner-most secondary seal (e.g. seal  520 ) takes over the primary seal&#39;s function. Tables 3 and 4 show examples when either the inner or outer secondary seal (e.g. seal  520  or  522 ) is damaged. For example, if the inner secondary seal (e.g. seal  520 ) is damaged, then the primary seal (e.g. seal  510 ) and the third seal (e.g. seal  530 ) may take over. If both of the secondary seals are damaged, the third seal (e.g. seal  530 ) takes over the secondary seals&#39; function, and the fourth seal (e.g. seal  540 ) takes over third seal&#39;s function. Table 5 shows an example when the third seal (e.g. seal  530 ) is damaged. If both a secondary seal and the third seal are damaged, the fourth seal (e.g. seal  540 ) takes over the third seal&#39;s function, and (as discussed above with regard to Tables 3 and 4) the primary seal takes over the secondary seal&#39;s function. If both the primary seal (e.g. seal  510 ) and the two secondary seals (e.g. seals  520  and  522 ) are damaged, then the pressure between the second and third seals (e.g. location  630 ) is increased to 1075 bar (e.g. using the secondary barrier system supply  620 ), and the location between the third and fourth seal (e.g. location  544 ) is increased to 540 bar (e.g. using the third barrier system supply  640 ). According to some embodiments, the switch over between the barrier fluid supply systems  610 ,  620 ,  630  and  640  is performed using two three-way valves being synchronously actuated by the control system. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Example of Primary Seal Failure 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Primary 
                 Second 
                 Third 
                 Fourth 
               
               
                 Process 
                 ⊂ 
                 ⊂ ⊃ 
                 ⊃ 
                 ⊃ 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                  690-1035 
                 1035 
                 1075 
                 540 
                 0 
               
               
                 345-690 
                 690 
                 730 
                 365 
                 0 
               
               
                  0-345 
                 345 
                 385 
                 195 
                 0 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 3 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Example of Inner Secondary Seal Failure 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Primary 
                 Second 
                 Third 
                 Fourth 
               
               
                 Process 
                 ⊂ 
                 ⊂ ⊃ 
                 ⊃ 
                 ⊃ 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                  690-1035 
                 1075 
                 1075 
                 540 
                 0 
               
               
                 345-690 
                 730 
                 730 
                 365 
                 0 
               
               
                  0-345 
                 385 
                 385 
                 195 
                 0 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 4 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Example of Outer Secondary OD Seal Failure 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Primary 
                 Second 
                 Third 
                 Fourth 
               
               
                 Process 
                 ⊂ 
                 ⊂ ⊃ 
                 ⊃ 
                 ⊃ 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                  690-1035 
                 1055 
                 1075 
                 1075 
                 540 
               
               
                 345-690 
                 710 
                 730 
                 730 
                 365 
               
               
                  0-345 
                 365 
                 385 
                 385 
                 195 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 5 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Example of Third Seal Failure 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Primary 
                 Second 
                 Third 
                 Fourth 
               
               
                 Process 
                 ⊂ 
                 ⊂ ⊃ 
                 ⊃ 
                 ⊃ 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                  690-1035 
                 1055 
                 1075 
                 540 
                 540 
               
               
                 345-690 
                 710 
                 730 
                 365 
                 365 
               
               
                  0-345 
                 365 
                 385 
                 195 
                 195 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0033]    According to some embodiments, all four barrier fluid supply systems  610 ,  620 ,  630  and  640  have a drain in order to be able to bleed off barrier fluid to reduce the pressure and volume of the barrier fluid. In addition, barrier fluid flow from a higher pressure location to a lower pressure location may also be controlled via active bleed-off. According to some embodiments, an environmental seal can be used between the last pressure seal (e.g. seal  540 ) and the roller bearing (e.g. roller bearing  346 ) to direct the barrier fluid away from the bearing grease. According to some embodiments, the barrier fluid bleed off is located inside the hose/check valve on the swivel stack, which makes use of one or more regulating valves located within the swivel stack. 
         [0034]    While the subject disclosure is described through the above embodiments, modifications to and variations of the illustrated embodiments may be made without departing from the concepts herein disclosed. These and other variations and modifications will become apparent to those skilled in the art once the above disclosure is fully appreciated. It is intended that the following claims be interpreted to embrace all such variations and modifications. 
         [0035]    Reference throughout this specification to “one embodiment,” “an embodiment,” or similar language means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. Thus, appearances of the phrases “in one embodiment,” “in an embodiment,” and similar language throughout this specification may, but do not necessarily, all refer to the same embodiment. 
         [0036]    Although the present invention has been described with respect to specific details, it is not intended that such details should be regarded as limitations on the scope of the invention, except to the extent that they are included in the accompanying claims.