Abstract:
A device for carrying a heated liquid, and controlling the temperature of the heated liquid includes a liquid conveying element including a passage for carrying the heated liquid. First and second temperature sensing devices are operatively associated with the liquid conveying element to sense the temperature of the heated liquid. A controller is actively connected to the first temperature sensing device. The first temperature sensing device thereby senses the temperature of the heated liquid in the passage and conveys the temperature information or readings to the controller for use in the heater control. The second temperature sensing device is capable of being actively connected to the controller upon failure or malfunction of the first temperature sensing device.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
   The present invention generally relates to devices, such as hoses used to carry heated liquids and incorporating temperature sensors, such as resistive temperature detectors (RTDs). 
   BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
   Various manufacturing processes involve the transmission of a heated liquid from a supply tank, through a hose, and to a liquid dispensing device which deposits the heated liquid into a container or onto a substrate. Some of the heated liquids are hot melt adhesives which solidify at room temperature. Accordingly, a hot melt adhesive must be heated and liquified so it can flow from the supply tank, through the hose, and out the liquid dispensing device. To liquify and subsequently maintain the hot melt adhesive within an appropriate temperature range, the supply tank, the hose, and the dispensing gun are selectively heated by individual heating devices operatively associated with each respective component. To monitor the temperature of the hot melt adhesive throughout the application process, each component further includes some form of temperature sensing device which operates in conjunction with at least one heating device. A controller operates the heating device in response to signals from the temperature sensing device to maintain the hot melt adhesive within a predetermined temperature range. 
   Generally, separate temperature controllers are provided for the dispensing gun, the hose, and the supply tank. The hose will often incorporate a single temperature sensing device, such as an RTD, and a single heating device which are coupled to a wire harness extending from one end of the hose. This wire harness has a connector which connects to a complementary connector on the controller. The controller monitors the temperature detected from the RTD and activates the heating device as necessary. The RTD may be made from different materials, such as nickel or platinum. Typically, either a nickel RTD is used with a compatible controller, or a platinum RTD is used with a different compatible controller. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/697,572 filed Oct. 26, 2000, and assigned to the assignee of the present invention, discloses the incorporation of both a nickel RTD and a platinum RTD into a heated hose. Through the use of an adaptor plug, this allows the hose to be operatively coupled to either of the two types of controllers in use (i.e., platinum or nickel RTD compatible controllers). 
   Occasionally, temperature sensing devices such as RTDs, will fail or otherwise malfunction. This leads to erroneous temperature readings or to a complete inability to detect the temperature of the intended target, such as the liquid adhesive being carried within a heated device such as a hose. In these cases, since the RTD is integrally incorporated into the heated device, the entire heated device must be disassembled from its associated system and replaced. The downtime and replacement costs can be relatively high, especially as compared to the cost of the RTD itself. It may also be some time before a defective RTD is discovered and this can result in improper heating of the adhesive for the same amount of time. If overheating of adhesive occurs, char and other negative effects of the overheating can harm the hot melt system and/or the products receiving the hot melt adhesive. Underheating the adhesive can, for example, adversely affect adhesive properties such as bond strength. 
   In light of the drawbacks discussed above, it would be desirable to provide a heated device for carrying a liquid in which the heated device can automatically respond to a temperature sensor failure and/or which has redundant temperature sensing capabilities. These capabilities would provide for accurate temperature sensing in the event of sensor failure and provide for easier and less costly maintenance of the heated device. 
   SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
   The invention generally provides a device for carrying a heated liquid and controlling the temperature of the heated liquid which includes a redundant temperature sensing system having at least two temperature sensing devices. In the event that the first temperature sensing device fails or malfunctions, the second temperature sensing device can take over the temperature sensing function. The temperature sensing function can be switched manually by the user or automatically by a controller upon sensing the failure or malfunction. Since both temperature sensing devices are incorporated into the heated device, costly downtime and maintenance can be avoided. The heated device can, for example, be a heated hose or other adhesive carrying component of a hot melt adhesive system. 
   In one preferred embodiment, the invention includes a liquid conveying element including a passage for carrying the heated liquid. First and second temperature sensing devices are operatively associated with the liquid conveying element to sense the temperature of the heated liquid therein. A controller is actively connected to the first temperature sensing device and may or may not be actively connected to the second temperature sensing device. In this regard, “actively connected” means that the temperature sensing device is being used to control the temperature of the liquid conveying element. The first temperature sensing device senses the temperature of the heated liquid in the passage and communicates the sensed temperature to the controller. The second temperature sensing device is capable of being or remaining actively connected to the controller upon failure or malfunction of the first temperature sensing device, while in that case, the first temperature sensing device is deactivated. A heater is coupled with the controller and operated by the controller based on the sensed temperature readings taken by the first temperature sensing device. Upon active connection of the second temperature sensing device, the heater is controlled by the second temperature sensing device and the first temperature sensing device is deactivated. 
   In one aspect, the controller is configured to detect the failure or malfunction of the first temperature sensing device and provide indication thereof to an operator. The controller can be further configured to automatically switch to the second temperature sensing device after detection of the failure or malfunction of the first temperature sensing device. The controller may also cycle one or both temperature sensing devices on and off during operation of the system to, for example, continuously ensure that both temperature sensing devices are functioning properly. The first and second temperature sensing devices are preferably resistance temperature detectors, but could take other forms. 
   In another aspect, the invention provides a redundant temperature sensing device configured to be coupled to a device for carrying a heated liquid for sensing the temperature of the heated liquid. The redundant temperature sensing device includes a housing and first and second temperature sensing devices (e.g., RTDS) carried by the housing. The first and second temperature sensing devices each respectively couple to first and second electrical leads and are further coupled to a common electrical lead. The first temperature sensing device may be operatively coupled to the controller and the second temperature sensing device is capable of being operatively connected to the controller upon failure or malfunction of the first temperature sensing device. 
   A method of controlling the temperature of a liquid carried within a heated device as generally described above is also contemplated by the invention. The method includes detecting the temperature of the liquid in the heated device with the first temperature sensing device. The detected temperature is communicated to a controller. The controller adjusts a heater associated with the heated device based on the detected temperature. A malfunction or failure of the first temperature sensing device is detected and, thereafter, the temperature of the liquid is detected with the second temperature sensing device. The communicating and adjusting steps are then repeated using temperature detection information from the second temperature sensing device. Preferably, the step of detecting the malfunction or failure of the first temperature sensing device is performed by the controller. Detecting the temperature of the liquid in the device with the second temperature sensing device can be initiated automatically by the controller upon detecting the malfunction or failure of the first temperature sensing device. The controller can also indicate the detected malfunction or failure of the first temperature sensing device to an operator. 
   Various additional advantages, objects and features of the invention will become more readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon consideration of the following detailed description of the presently preferred embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. 

   
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
       FIG. 1  is a perspective view of a heated hose constructed in accordance with the present invention and connecting a supply tank to an adhesive dispensing gun. 
       FIG. 2  is an enlarged partial cross-sectional plan view of the hose of FIG.  1 . 
       FIG. 3  is a flow chart illustrating a control routine according to the present invention. 
       FIG. 4  is an elevational view of another embodiment of a redundant temperature sensing device of the present invention. 
       FIG. 5  is an elevational view of another embodiment of a redundant temperature sensing device of the present invention. 
   

   DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
   With reference to  FIG. 1 , an adhesive dispensing apparatus  10  includes a hose  12  constructed in accordance with the principals of the present invention. The hose  12  connects a pump  14 , which is coupled to supply tank  16 , to a manifold  18 , which is coupled to an adhesive dispensing gun  20 . As such, pump  14  can transport an adhesive  22 , such as hot melt, for example, from supply tank  16  via hose  12  to adhesive dispensing gun  20 . The adhesive dispensing gun  20  selectively dispenses adhesive  16  onto a substrate  24  such as a nonwoven web used in the construction of a diaper. A heater  26  is associated with supply tank  16  and is selectively controlled to maintain the adhesive  22  within supply tank  16  within a predetermined elevated temperature range. The hose  12  includes an wire harness  28  which is connected to a controller  32  associated with the supply tank  16 . 
   With reference to  FIG. 2 , the hose  12  includes a tube  40  with an inlet end  42  which connects to pump  14  and a discharge end  44  which connects to manifold  18 . The tube  40  is advantageously constructed of Teflon™ and is covered end to end by a steel braid cover  46 . Steel braid cover  46  is wrapped by at least one layer of tape  47 , preferably silicon tape. It is believed that the tape  47  helps to reduce abrasion which might occur if components were otherwise wrapped in direct contact with the steel braid cover  46 . The hose  12  further includes an electrical heating device  48  which is wrapped around the steel braid cover  46  along substantially the entire length of the tube  40 . One end of the heating device  48  is operatively connected to a connector  80  at the terminal end of wire harness  28 . Two temperature sensing devices  52 ,  54  also wrap around the tube  40  and are operatively connected to connector  80 . The temperature sensing devices  52 ,  54  are preferably resistance temperature detectors (RTD) which sense the temperature of the adhesive  22  flowing through tube  40 . Alternatively, one or both of temperature sensing devices  52 ,  54  could be thermocouples or any other suitable temperature sensing device. Though the RTDs  52 ,  54  are not to be limited to any particular material, RTDs  52  may be constructed of nickel or platinum. For a given application, only one of the RTDs  52 ,  54  may be actively connected to controller  32  to monitor the temperature of the adhesive  22  flowing through the tube  40 ; the other RTD can remain inactive unless specifically activated in accordance with the invention as discussed further below. A ground wire  56  electrically connects inlet end  42  and discharge end  44  to connector  80  of wire harness  28 . 
   An insulative tape  58  is wrapped around heating element  48 , temperature sensing devices  52 ,  54 , and ground wire  56 . Three insulative layers  60 ,  62 ,  64  are wrapped around the insulative tape  58  to help reduce heat loss from the heated adhesive  22 . Preferably, the insulative layers  60 ,  62 ,  64  are constructed of fiberglass. Another layer of tape  66 , such as electrical tape, is wrapped around the outside of insulative layer  64 . A braided plastic cover  68  covers the electrical tape  66  to provide a protective cover for the outside of the hose  12 . Cuffs  70 ,  72  are placed over the respective inlet and discharge ends  42 ,  44  to provide additional protection to hose  12  and its electrical components against potentially damaging elements such as water. Preferably, cuffs  70 ,  72  are made from high temperature plastic. 
   It will be appreciated that the connector  80  may take on several different configurations as dictated, for example, by the configuration of the connector (not shown) of the controller  32 . The controller  32  may not have a connector at all, but instead have a terminal strip in which individual wires of cable  28  are individually connected. In a simpler form of this invention, for example, a direct connection of RTD  52  may be substituted with a direct connection of RTD  54 , or vice versa, when maintenance or repair is necessary. This would at least alleviate the need for more complicated disassembly and costly replacement of hose  12  in the event of failure or malfunction of one of the RTDs  52  or  54 . 
   The controller  32  monitors the temperature preferably from only one of the two RTDs  52 ,  54  and operates the heating element  48  based on readings from that RTD to maintain a desired temperature. Alternatively, the controller may be monitoring temperature readings from both RTDs  52 ,  54 . Monitoring both RTDs  52 ,  54  may be most beneficial when RTDs  52 ,  54  are positioned in different locations of the same heated component or device, such as hose  12 . In either case, when one of the two RTDs  52 ,  54  is found to be malfunctioning or failing, that RTD is deactivated and the other RTD is activated or remains active to function within the heater control system. In such cases, the controller  32  sends an indication or warning to the operator that one of the RTDs  52  or  54  has malfunctioned. In one embodiment, only one of the two RTDs is electrically connected to the controller  32 . When necessary, the other of the two RTDs is electrically connected either manually, such as through hard wiring on a terminal block (not shown), or automatically through a suitable relay or other control operation or circuit in the controller  32 . Various manners may be used to detect the malfunctioning or failure of RTDs  52 ,  54 . Typically, failures occur through electrical shorts or open RTD circuits (i.e., a severed wire). In such cases, the measured resistance associated with the RTD will be much lower or higher than the expected range and, therefore, the controller  32  will be able to determine if an active RTD has failed by comparing the measured resistance with the expected range. 
   The invention further contemplates that the controller  32  can cycle one or both RTDs  52 ,  54  on and off at any desired rate during operation of the component, device or system being heated. For example, if one of the RTDs  52  is the primary RTD and is being used for temperature control, while the other RTD  54  is a backup RTD to be used in the case of failure of primary RTD  52 , then the controller could occasionally cycle backup RTD  54  “on” or into an activated state, or otherwise test RTD  54 , in order to ensure that it is functional when needed upon malfunction or failure of the primary RTD  52 . During such activation of backup RTD  54 , primary RTD  52  may or may not be actively connected for temperature control purposes as well. 
   Referring to  FIG. 3 , another manner of detecting a malfunctioning or failed RTD is disclosed. Flowchart  100  illustrates the process steps for a program or other suitable circuitry of controller  32  which can determine whether one of the two RTDs  52 ,  54  is malfunctioning or has otherwise failed. At appropriately determined times, controller  32  will switch from its main routine  102  to a test routine  104 . While in the test routine, a known electrical current will be supplied to the active RTD (e.g.,  52 ) which is being used to detect the temperature of the liquid flowing through hose  12 . The voltage drop is then measured across the active RTD  52  as indicated by process step  108  and, in process  110 , the resistance is determined by dividing the voltage drop by the applied current. The determined resistance is then compared to the specified range of resistances at process step  112  for that particular RTD by the RTD manufacturer, for example. If the resistance is within the specified range, then the controller  32  returns to the main routine  102 . If the resistance is not within the specified range, then the controller  32  preferably switches to the second RTD  54  and deactivates the first RTD  52 . The controller may also or alternatively alert the operator at process step  118  by, for example, activating a suitable light or sound, or both, or communicating with the operator in some other way such as via the internet or intranet. In this case, the alerted operator may simply be notified that the system is operating on the second or backup RTD  54 , or in the case in which the controller  32  does not automatically switch to the second RTD  54 , the operator may manually switch the controller over to the second RTD by, for example, hardwiring the second RTD to the controller input and disconnecting the first RTD from the controller input or in some other suitable manner. It will be appreciated that various other manners of determining whether the active RTD (that is, the RTD supplying temperature information to controller  32 ) is malfunctioning or failing may be used. These may include, for example, comparing the temperature readings supplied by the active RTD to other temperature readings taken from the same heated device or in other components in the same heated system. 
     FIG. 4  illustrates another embodiment of a redundant temperature sensing device  120  constructed in accordance with the invention. This embodiment may be incorporated into various components of, for example, a hot melt adhesive dispensing system. Device  120  generally comprises a housing  122  carrying first and second temperature sensing devices  124 ,  126 . Again, temperature sensing devices  124 ,  126  may comprise conventional RTDs as shown, or may alternatively comprise other forms of temperature sensing devices. Temperature sensing device  124  is connected to a first wire lead  128 , while temperature sensing device  126  is connected to a second wire lead  130 . Both temperature sensing devices  124 ,  126  are further electrically connected to a common wire lead  132 . In this manner, redundant temperature sensing device  120  may be manually or automatically electrically coupled to a controller such as controller  32  in a manner which activates and uses signals generated from only one of the two temperature sensing devices or RTDs  124 ,  126  or from both. 
     FIG. 5  illustrates another embodiment of a redundant temperature sensing device  140  constructed in accordance with the invention. This embodiment may also be incorporated into various components of, for example, a hot melt adhesive dispensing system. Device  140  generally comprises a housing  142  carrying first and second temperature sensing devices  144 ,  146 . Again, temperature sensing devices  144 ,  146  may comprise conventional RTDs as shown, or may alternatively comprise other forms of temperature sensing devices. Temperature sensing device  144  is connected to first and second wire leads  148 ,  150 , while temperature sensing device  146  is connected to separate first and second wire leads  152 ,  154 . Redundant temperature sensing device  140  may be manually or automatically electrically coupled to a controller such as controller  32  in a manner which activates and uses signals generated from only one of the two temperature sensing devices or RTDs  144 ,  146  or from both. 
   Although hose  12  has been described herein as having multiple insulation and protective layers, the principles of the present invention are equally applicable to any hose construction having a tube and at least two temperature sensing devices operatively associated therewith. The hose  12  can be manufactured in a variety of predetermined lengths between 7 and 60 feet, although other lengths could be accommodated. The tube  40  preferably has an internal diameter of between about ⅜ inch to about ⅝ inch. It should also be appreciated that the present invention is also applicable to other heated devices for carrying liquids such as the various components in a hot melt adhesive dispensing system, i.e., dispensing guns, melters, manifolds, and other components or devices in the system. 
   Although hose  12  and redundant temperature sensing device  120  have been described above as having two temperature sensing devices which are preferably RTDs, the two temperature sensing devices could also be thermocouples or any other suitable temperature sensing device. In fact, the temperature sensing devices need not be of the same type. In other words, one temperature sensing device could be a thermocouple and the other temperature sensing device could be an RTD. Further, any number of RTDs and thermocouples could be part of the same heated device. Although hose  12  is shown having only one wire harness  28  extending therefrom to which RTDs  52 ,  54  are coupled, hose  12  could include a separate wire harness for each temperature sensing device operatively associated with hose  12 . As such, an appropriate connector could connect to the appropriate wire harness depending on the specific RTD that would be active. The other wire harness would not be used and its associated RTD would be inactive until needed. In the case of using a single wire harness  28  and connector  80 , the controller  32  could be automatically or manually programmed to read specific pins on the connector  80  depending on which RTD  52  or  54  was to be activated. A suitable adaptor plug could alternatively be used depending on which RTD  52  or  54  was to be actively coupled to the controller. It will be appreciated that many different hardware and/or software configurations may be used to carry out the inventive principles. 
   While the present invention has been illustrated by a description of various preferred embodiments and while these embodiments have been described in considerable detail in order to describe the best mode of practicing the invention, it is not the intention of applicants to restrict or in any way limit the scope of the appended claims to such detail. Additional advantages and modifications within the spirit and scope of the invention will readily appear to those skilled in the art. The invention itself should only be defined by the appended claims, wherein we claim: