Abstract:
Photovoltaic mounting systems having sealant injection system are provided herein. Such sealant injection systems provide improved directional control of sealant flow and improved sealing of roof penetrations during mounting with one or more fasteners. Such systems can include a bracket assembly having a removable sealant injection package. The sealant injection package includes a collapsible sealant injection reservoir and is adapted to provide directionally controlled release of sealant upon collapse. Such a system can further include sealant injection guides that direct flow of sealant during mounting and pads or caps that cover and enclose the injected sealant so as to ensure adequate sealing of any roof penetrations and maintain its integrity over time. Such systems further allow for sealant injection packages to be interchanged or replaced as needed and allow for ready removal or replacement of the bracket after mounting while maintaining the seal of any roof penetrations.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This claims the benefit of priority of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/120,841 filed on Feb. 25, 2015, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The invention relates to photovoltaic energy generation mounting systems and more specifically to systems and methods for installing photovoltaic modules on composition shingle roofs. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Although total market penetration of solar into the relevant base of potential customers remains relatively low in the United States (e.g. less than about one percent), residential and commercial solar installs have enjoyed double digit growth since the mid to late 2000s. Despite this recent success, developments to reduce cost, increase efficiency and improve overall home integration are ongoing and must continue to increase solar&#39;s relatively meager market share when compared to fossil fuel-based grid power. 
     One problem that remains to be solved is an economic and effective solution to improve sealing of roof surface penetrations to prevent water from leaking into the roof structure. Whether photovoltaic modules are attached to rails, or proprietary rail-free mounting systems, the modules must be securely attached to the roof, which typically involves using a flashing combined with a lag bolt and seal. A pilot hole is typically drilled where the rafter is thought to lie, and if so, is followed by a larger drill hole to accommodate the lag bolt. The flashing is then positioned so that the lag through-hole and seal are positioned over the pre-drilled hole. Typically a puck or other structure is then placed on the flashing a lag bolt is then passed through the puck, through the through-hole in flashing and into the pre-drilled hole. The lag bolt is then torqued down to secure the puck to the roof so that the photovoltaic modules can then be mounted to the puck and flashing. 
     Although flashings cover up a lot of space, potentially covering mis-drilled or off-center pilot holes, flashings are relatively expensive because they require more metal than direct mounted solutions. Also, in order to set the flashing at the proper location, partially under the up-roof course of shingles, it is often necessary to remove existing nails holding down those shingles. Each time a nail is removed, another potential leak point is created. 
     Some installers have utilized direct mount or deck mounted solutions which abandon the flashing in favor of a flat bottomed mounting bracket or foot that is screwed or lagged directly into the roof. In cases where the lag is driven through a roof rafter, a single lag bolt may used. In other cases, where the foot is simply screwed into the plywood that comprises the roof deck regardless of rafter location, three or more lag bolts may be used to achieve the requisite strength. In either case, the holes made in the roof by the one or more lag bolts must be sealed to prevent water from leaking in around the threads of the lag and/or to fill any nearby miss-drilled pilot holes. 
     To deal with this problem, installers have used caulk or other sealant, typically dispensed from a separate tube or caulk gun to fill these holes as the installation proceeds. This can be messy for the installer, requires a separate large and bulky tool (e.g., caulk gun), and requires another product SKU to be stocked in the truck&#39;s inventory. Moreover, there is no way to ensure that the installer remembers, or even he does remember, that he actually applies caulk or sealant to the lag holes. Therefore, there exists a need for photovoltaic mounting systems that provide reliable and controlled sealing of any penetrations of the roof while minimizing mess and installer mishaps. 
     BRIEF SUMMARY 
     In one aspect, a sealant injection mounting system includes at least one photovoltaic mounting bracket and a sealant injection package. In some embodiments, the mounting bracket includes a lower base portion adapted for mounting on a roof surface with one or more fasteners, such as a lag bolt, and an upper support portion adapted for supporting a photovoltaic module or associated support component, such as a track or rock-it type coupling component. The sealant injection package includes a collapsible sealant reservoir containing a flowable sealant within. The sealant injection package is adapted for directionally controlled release of the flowable sealant upon collapse of the reservoir so as to seal any penetrations and form a chemical flashing on the roof surface. In some embodiments, the sealant injection package is separable and removable from the mounting bracket so that the sealant injection package can be assembled by a user with the mounting bracket or replaced or exchanged as needed. In some embodiments, the sealant injection package is provided to the user separately or may be compatible for use with differing types of mounting brackets. 
     In some embodiments, the system includes a compressing plate disposed adjacent the collapsible sealant reservoir of the sealant injection packaging. The compressing plate includes a through hole through which the lag bolt extends so that tightening of the lag bolt into the roof surface during mounting of the bracket to the roof surface moves the plate against the collapsible reservoir, which compresses the reservoir and effects directionally controlled release of the flowable sealant between the base portion and the roof surface and around the portion of the lag bolt penetrating the roof surface. In some embodiments, the compressing plate can include any of a head of the lag bolt, a washer, a nut, an upper plate of the sealant injection package, a cap or plate disposed atop the sealant injection package and separable therefrom, or any combination of these features. 
     In some embodiments, the sealant injection system includes a sealant guide for directing flow of the flowable sealant delivered from the reservoir during collapse between the base portion and the roof surface and around a portion of the lag bolt extending through the roof surface. The sealant guide can include any of: a hole or slot defined in a bottom surface of the base portion of the bracket and a shaped component disposed along a bottom of the sealant injection package or a combination of these features. The shaped component can be an integrated feature along the bottom of the sealant injection package or a separable component of the sealant injection package that releasably couples with each of the base portion of the bracket assembly. 
     Such sealant guides can include one or more coupling features for coupling to the bracket and/or the sealant injection package and may define an interior sealant flow path to direct flow of sealant to a desired location upon collapse of the collapsible reservoir of the sealant injection package. 
     In some embodiments, mounting bracket includes an integral component having a base portion adapted for mounting on the roof surface with one or more lag bolts and a support portion adapted for coupling with a photovoltaic coupling, the support portion protruding away from the roof surface when the base portion is mounted on the roof surface. 
     In some embodiments, the sealant injection package a includes a rigid or semi-rigid outer shell and a frangible portion in fluid communication with the interior of the sealant reservoir and through which the flowable sealant is released when the reservoir is collapsed. The outer shell can be defined as a cylindrical shell with multiple tiers dimensioned to nest within one another so as to collapse the reservoir when the lag bolt is torqued into the roof. The clamping plate can be defined as a cylindrical cap positioned atop the sealant injection package and below a head or a nut of the lag bolt such that when the lag bolt is torqued against the roof, the cap covers the collapsed sealant injection package. 
     Some embodiments further include a sealant guide adapted to releasably couple with the base portion of the bracket along an upper side and to releasably couple with a bottom side of the sealant injection package and to releasably couple with a bottom side of the sealant injection package. The sealant guide can be adapted so as to define a flow path that directs flow of sealant upon collapse of the reservoir between the base portion and the roof surface and around a portion of the lag bolt that penetrates the roof surface. Such embodiments can further includes a planar spacer, such as foam pad or disc, adapted for placement between the base portion of the bracket and the roof surface. The spacer includes a through hole for the lag bolt to extend through a defined an interior enclosed space between the base portion of the bracket and the roof surface so as to contain flow of sealant within the space upon collapse of the sealant reservoir. 
     In some embodiments, the mounting system includes a specialized lag bolt adapted to allow removal of the bracket after mounting of the bracket on the roof. Such a lag bolt can include a threaded portion at both opposing ends so that a nut positioned on the top end allows for torquing of the lag bolt into the roof during installation. Such a lag bolt can further include a an intermediate portion with a polygonal cross-section to allow removal of the lag bolt if desired and a distally tapered portion disposed distal of the intermediate shaft portion dimensioned to break the sealant guide to allow flow of adhesive into the space defined by the spacer. 
     In some embodiments, the sealant injection package includes a cylindrical piston with a through-hole to allow passage of the lag bolt and a piston portion that is engaged when a lag bolt is torqued down through the at least one photovoltaic mounting bracket thereby compressing the collapsible sealant reservoir and injecting sealant between the mounting bracket and a roof surface and around the lag bolt along the roof penetration. The cylindrical piston can include a rigid or semi-rigid out shell, the collapsible cylindrical reservoir dispose within, a disc atop the cylindrical reservoir for compressing the collapsible reservoir, and a frangible portion along the bottom of the cylindrical reservoir to effect directionally controlled release of the sealant upon collapse of the reservoir. The cylindrical piston-type sealant package can further include a sealant guide integrated with the piston. Such a sealant guide can include a protruding ridge along the bottom of the sealant injection package that interfaces with a hole or slot in the base portion of the bracket. 
     In some embodiments, the system includes a mounting bracket assembly having a base portion defined by a rectangular extrusion having a lengthwise channel on a bottom side and a sealant injection package that can be removably position within the base portion. The sealant injection package can include one or more collapsible sealant reservoir packets; and a carrier for supporting the packets, wherein the carrier is slidable into the channel of the base portion to allow insertion, removal and/or replacement of the sealant reservoir packets. 
     In some embodiments, the sealant injection package includes a collapsible cylindrical sealant reservoir containing a flowable sealant, the reservoir surrounding a through passage extending longitudinally through which the lag bolt extends during installation, an outer cylindrical shell in which the sealant reservoir is disposed; and a disc atop the cylindrical sealant reservoir so as to effect uniform collapse of the reservoir when the disc is compressed against the sealant reservoir. The outer shell can include multiple tiers dimensioned so as to nest within one another so as to collapse the reservoir when the lag bolt is torqued into the roof. 
     In some embodiments, the mounting system includes at least one photovoltaic mounting bracket including a surface adapted to rest on a roof surface; at least one reservoir of sealant mechanically coupled to the at least one photovoltaic mounting bracket; and a piston portion that is engaged when a lag bolt is torqued down through the at least one photovoltaic mounting bracket thereby compressing the at least one reservoir and injecting the flowable sealant between the at least one mounting bracket and the roof surface and around the lag bolt. 
     In some aspects, the mounting systems are adapted for use with a sealant injection system that provides improved directional release of sealant to seal any roof penetrations while substantially containing the released sealant within the components of the system, thereby reducing or elimination any mess and drastically improving ease of installation. In other aspects, the sealant injection systems described within can be readily positioned within or removed from the associated mounting bracket to allow for ready assembly, replacement or exchange of sealant injection systems as desired. Such configurations allow sealant injection packages to be provided separately as needed for a particular application or as required for the environmental conditions of a geographical area in which the mounting systems are being installed. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a side-facing perspective view of a photovoltaic mounting for use with the lag bolt sealer injector system according to various exemplary embodiments of the invention. 
         FIG. 2  is a front-facing perspective view of the photovoltaic mounting system for use with the lag bolt sealer injector system according to various exemplary embodiments of the invention. 
         FIG. 3  is an exploded view of a photovoltaic mounting system for use with the lag bolt sealer injector system according to various exemplary embodiments of the invention. 
         FIG. 4  is a partial cut-away view showing internal structure of a lag bolt sealer injector system in a photovoltaic mounting system according to various exemplary embodiments of the invention. 
         FIG. 5  is bottom view of a photovoltaic mounting system for use with the lag bolt sealer injector system according to various exemplary embodiments of the invention. 
         FIG. 6  is a sealant injector packet for a photovoltaic mounting system according to various exemplary embodiments of the invention. 
         FIG. 7  is an end view of a photovoltaic mounting system including a lag bolt sealant injector after a lag bolt has compressed the sealant packet according to various exemplary embodiments of the invention. 
         FIG. 8  is a side-facing perspective view of another photovoltaic mounting system including a lag bolt sealant injector system according to various exemplary embodiments of the invention. 
         FIG. 9  is an exploded view of another photovoltaic mounting system for use with a lag bolt sealant injector system according to various exemplary embodiments of the invention. 
         FIGS. 10A-10B  are perspective views of another photovoltaic mounting system including a lag bolt sealant injector system according to various exemplary embodiments of the invention. 
         FIG. 11A-11B  illustrates an external and a partial cut-away view, respectively, of a lag bolt sealant injector according to various exemplary embodiments of the invention. 
         FIGS. 12A-12C  illustrates several detail views of the injection mechanism of a lag bolt sealant injector according to various exemplary embodiments of the invention. 
         FIGS. 13A-13B  illustrate a partial cut-away view of the elements shown in  FIG. 12  before and after collapse of the sealant reservoir by torquing of the lag bolt into the roof. 
         FIGS. 14A-14B  are internal cut-away views of the elements shown in  FIGS. 12 and 13 , including the mechanism that permits the center tube to collapse according to various exemplary embodiments of the invention. 
         FIG. 15  illustrates another photovoltaic mounting system for use with a lag bolt sealant injector system according to various exemplary embodiments of the invention. 
         FIG. 16  illustrates an exploded view of the photovoltaic mounting system shown in  FIG. 15 . 
         FIG. 17  illustrates a detail view of the bracket of the photovoltaic mounting system shown in  FIG. 15 . 
         FIG. 18  illustrates a detail view of a specialized lag bolt for use with the photovoltaic mounting system shown in  FIG. 15 . 
         FIGS. 19A-19C  illustrate several view of the sealant reservoir for use with the photovoltaic mounting system shown in  FIG. 15 . 
         FIGS. 20A-20B  illustrate a perspective view and a cross-sectional side view of a sealant guide for use with the photovoltaic mounting system shown in  FIG. 15 . 
         FIGS. 21A-21B  illustrate cross-sectional side views of the photovoltaic mounting system shown in  FIG. 15  during mounting before and after collapse of the sealant reservoir, respectively. 
         FIG. 22A  illustrates removal of the bracket assembly after mounting of the photovoltaic mounting system of  FIG. 15  and replacement with another mounting bracket, respectively on the same lag bolt sealed shown in  FIG. 22A . 
         FIG. 22B  illustrates replacement of the mounting bracket removed in  FIG. 11A  with another mounting bracket on the same lag sealed lag bolt. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention seeks to ameliorate some if not all of the shortcomings of the prior art with a photovoltaic mounting system that includes a sealant reservoir and injector mechanism that automatically controls injection of sealant in and around a lag hole as a lag bolt is torqued down to attach the photovoltaic mounting hardware to the roof. In various embodiments, the lag bolt may engage a piston or other structure that comprises a package containing sealant and force sealant to flow between the mounting hardware and the roof surface as the lag bolt is torqued down. In various embodiments, the photovoltaic mounting system may come pre-loaded with the injector system so that the installer can guarantee that sealant is applied to every lag bolt, regardless of whether the installer intentionally does so. In other embodiments, the sealant reservoir is separable from the mounting bracket so that the sealant reservoir can be replaced as needed or assembled according to differing specifications before shipment of the mounting system to the user. 
     The attached Figures illustrate several injector systems useable with specific photovoltaic mounting systems, however, these illustrated embodiments are exemplary only. It should be appreciated that the broader concept of an integrated lag bolt sealant injector that controls injection of sealant during mounting of a fastener may take many different forms beyond those shown here and may be usable with many different roof-top photovoltaic mounting systems without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. 
     Referring now to  FIGS. 1-7 , these figures all illustrate various views of a particular exemplary embodiment of a lag bolt sealant injector system combined with a particular exemplary embodiment of a photovoltaic mounting system. System  100  includes bracket assembly  20  for securing a photovoltaic module to a roof surface with lag bolt  10  and a pair of sealant reservoirs  30  carried within removable plastic carrier  35 . The bracket assembly  20  depicted in these figures is a two-piece system that comprises base portion  22  (e.g. an extruded Aluminum foot) that is designed to rest on a planar roof surface and upper foot assembly  24  that rests of the foot portion and that includes an integrated photovoltaic module coupling device  26  such as the rock-it style connector shown in  FIG. 1-3 . It should be appreciated that coupling device  26  is exemplary only and that in various embodiments, a different coupling device, such as a wrap-around or clamping coupling device may be used without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Upper foot assembly  24  is movable with respect to the foot via a slot formed in the top and bottom of the upper foot assembly that allows a bolt to pass through, such as carriage bolt  23 - 1  depicted in  FIGS. 3 and 4 . Other fastening mechanisms may be used to allow the upper foot assembly to pivot with respect to base portion  22 . In the embodiment shown in these figures, a locking nut and washer firmly secure upper foot assembly  24  to base portion  22 . 
     It should be appreciated that the photovoltaic mounting system shown in  FIGS. 1-8  may be utilized alone, that is without the lag bolt sealant injector system of the present invention, however, it is illustrated with such a system merely to highlight the utility of integrated lag bolt sealing and to explain how the sealant injector may be activated by simply applying torque to a mounting system lag bolt. It is further appreciated that the lag sealant injection system is removable from the bracket such that it can be assembly prior to shipping, for example if the sealant has limited shelf-life, or can be selected from a plurality of different sealants according to required specification as needed. For example, when shipping to colder climates with below freezing temperatures, sealant injection systems that utilize sealants that can withstand such temperature can be used. In another aspect, use of a removable sealant injection system allows a user or supplier to switch out or replace the sealant injection system or individual sealant reservoirs as needed or to supply the systems or sealant reservoirs separately. 
     In various embodiments, the injection system comprises one or more compressible or collapsible sealant reservoirs adapted to provide directional release of the sealant from the reservoir upon collapse or compression of the reservoir. In some embodiments, the sealant reservoirs or packets have a compressible shell portion and a portion having a foil or other thin, breakable layer that allows sealant to flow out when the shell portion of the packet is compressed. The sealant reservoirs may be dimensioned to be received within the bracket or associated carrier in a particular orientation so that the foil or breakable layer is positioned to provide directionally controlled release of the sealant. In addition, the compressible shell portion may be formed of a material that is semi-rigid or rigid, such as a hardened plastic, so as to provide sufficient rigidity to inhibit inadvertent collapse of the reservoir and release of the sealant during handling and shipment of the reservoirs, yet sufficiently weak to allow compression or collapse of the reservoir when subjected to a force sufficient to drive a lag bolt into the roof surface. As shown in  FIG. 3 , sealant reservoir carrier  35  may be used to load the one or more packets into the foot of the photovoltaic mounting system or to replace or interchange the sealant reservoirs as needed. 
     Internal clamp plate  40  and/or other force spreader along with lag bolt through-hole  41  functions as a piston to compress sealant packet(s)  30  positioned under clamp plate  40  when an installer lags foot  22  into a roof surface by tightening lag bolt  10 . In the embodiment of  FIGS. 1-8 , sealant reservoir carrier  35  includes a tab  35   a  with a hole for engaging the carriage bolt  23 - 1  that attaches the upper foot assembly to the foot. One benefit of this configuration is that it provides a mechanism for holding the sealant packet(s)  30  in place until the mounting system is installed. This is shown in greater detail in  FIG. 4 . 
     It should be appreciated, however, that another connector or even an adhesive may be used to prevent sealant packet(s)  30  and clamp plate  40  from falling out of the foot or base portion  22 . Also, in a preferred embodiment, the sealant injector assembly is pre-installed in the foot of bracket  20  before the installer receives the system for installation. However, in other embodiments, the sealant injector may be a standalone system usable with a variety of different photovoltaic mounting systems. 
     Regardless of the particular photovoltaic mounting system utilized with the lag bolt sealant injector system of the present invention, the roof-facing side of the foot or base portion  22  may include a sealant guide feature for controlling release of the flowable sealant during mounting. The sealant guide may be incorporated into the base portion and include an opening, such as slot  29 , that encourages the directionally controlled flow of sealant material under the foot within channel  21 , as shown for example in  FIG. 5  or sealant guide may be a separate component, such as that shown in the embodiment of  FIG. 15 . 
       FIG. 6  illustrates one design for a collapsible sealant reservoir or packet  30 . In this embodiment, the shell portion  32  is made of thin plastic, much like a food service packet, while the top portion (bottom facing when installed) is covered with a foil or other frangible or breakable material  31  that provides an airtight seal but is also easily punctured and/or ruptured, particularly when compressed by the action of a lag bolt pushing down on a piston. This effect is illustrated, for example, in  FIG. 7 . Torquing down of lag bolt head  12  in turn pushes the clamp plate  40  down until a bottom foot  40 A of the clamp plate  40  abuts against the interior of the base portion  22 , which, in turn, compresses plastic carrier  35  and injector packets  30  causing sealant to flow out under the bottom of the foot. In the example shown in  FIGS. 1-7 , foot or base portion  22  is formed with recessed gap or channel  21  to create a void for the flowable sealant  1  to flow into around lag bolt  10  so as to seal hole H in roof surface R through which lag bolt  10  extends as well as any adjacent pilot holes ph. 
       FIGS. 8 and 9  illustrate another exemplary photovoltaic mounting system  110  for use with a lag bolt sealant injector system according to another exemplary embodiment of the invention. The system shown in  FIGS. 8 and 9  is similar to that of  FIGS. 1-7  with a few notable differences. Referring to  FIG. 9  in particular, an exploded view of photovoltaic mounting system  110  with lag bolt sealant injector system, in this exemplary embodiment, the upper foot assembly  24  attaches to foot or base portion  22 ′ with bolt  23 ′ that is fed from the top of the upper assembly  24 , passing through the foot  22 ′ and into the plastic carrier  35 ′ which is holding a flange nut  23 - 3  in tab  35 - 2  of carrier  35 ′. The advantage of flange nut  23 - 3  in this embodiment is that the flange keeps the nut seated in plastic carrier  35 ′ with the threads facing upwards so that the fastener can be dropped down through the upper foot and assembly and foot into the nut which engages the inside of base portion  22 ′ (e.g lower main extrusion foot). This configuration holds the injector system in place while also joining the upper portion and base portion. Each of the upper and base portions may be formed as an extrusion, such as from a formable metal or metal alloy, for example, an Aluminum extrusion. 
     Also, instead of having a channel formed in the underside of the foot or base portion (e.g. lower main extrusion), system  110  shown in  FIG. 9  includes a base portion  22 ′ that is flat on the bottom but incorporates spacer  50 , such as a foam pad with circular cutout  51  to accommodate a lag bolt as well a volume of sealant material around the lag bolt. Spacer  50  not only provides a space for the flowable sealant to flow into, but also contains any excess sealant to inhibit flow of sealant onto the roof surface. Use of spacer  50  can also protect the sealant from exposure to the elements (e.g. rain or UV exposure), which can extend the useful life of the sealant and ensure adequate sealing is maintained over time. A foam pad as spacer  50  may also be useful in applications where the base portion (e.g. lower main extrusion or foot) passes over an uneven seam between two subsequent courses of shingles by compensating for any uneven surface along the seam as the lag bolt is torqued down. Another feature of the embodiment shown in  FIG. 9  is that clamp plate  40 ′ is H-shaped rather than C-shaped which may enable clamp plate  40 ′ to fit more snugly against plastic carrier  35  and prevent inadvertent movement of the sealant injection package within the base portion  22 ′. Otherwise, the mechanism of injecting sealant is essentially the same—by lagging down the foot to the roof surface with a lag bolt, the plate compresses the carrier and one or more sealant packets causing sealant to flow under the foot and around in the lag bolt in the opening pre-cut in the foam pad. 
     Referring now to  FIGS. 10A-14 , these figures illustrate exemplary lag bolt sealant injector system  120  that can be used with a different exemplary photovoltaic mounting system. Although the inventive principle of injecting sealant around a lag bolt through the action of torquing down the lag bolt against a plunger which in turn compresses a sealant container is the same, the form factor of both the photovoltaic mounting system and fluid injector is somewhat different than that shown in  FIGS. 1-9 . 
       FIGS. 10A-10B  are perspective views of tubular photovoltaic mounting system  120  that includes bracket mounting assembly  20 ″ and piston-type sealant injector package  60 , which is inserted into a circular opening formed in the foot or base portion  22 ″ of bracket  20 ″ through which the lag bolt is also inserted. In the image on the left,  10 A, base portion  22 ″ or foot has been made translucent so that piston-type sealant injector package  60  is visible seated within mounting system  120 .  FIG. 10B  illustrates piston-type sealant injector package  60  removed from base portion  22 ″ such as may occur when the package is being assembled, replaced or exchanged with another type of injector package or sealant. 
     In this embodiment, bracket mounting system  20 ″ comprises a foot or base portion  22 ″ and upper assembly  24 ′ including a two-sided photovoltaic module coupling device  26 , such as the rock-it connector shown in  FIGS. 10A-10B . It should be appreciated that other module coupling devices such as wrap-around or clamping style coupling devices as are known in the art may be used without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Upper assembly  24 ′ and base portion  22 ″ are joined by carriage bolt  23 - 1  that sits in the bottom of base portion  22 ″ or foot facing up and penetrates a slot formed in the upper assembly  24 ′ so that it can be secured with a washer  23 - 3  and locking nut  23 - 2 . Piston-style sealant reservoir  60  is adapted to be received within a corresponding hole within base portion  22 ″ and can be removed as shown in  FIG. 10B  such that the sealant reservoir can be exchange or replaced as needed. In some embodiments, the system is provided to a user with piston-style sealant reservoir  60  include in base portion  22 ″, while in other embodiments piston-style sealant reservoirs  60  may be provided separately. The top surface of base portion  22 ″ includes an enlarged hole through which the piston-style sealant reservoir  60  can be inserted and a smaller hole on a bottom surface through which the lag bolt extends into the roof surface and which interfaces with a sealant guide  64  on the underside of the piston-style sealant reservoir  60 , as can be understood further be referring to  FIGS. 11A-11B . 
     As seen in  FIGS. 11A-14 , in this embodiment, piston-type sealant injection package  60  is defined as a cylindrical structure with lag bolt through-hole  61  passing through the middle, with sealant contained within the ring surrounding the through-hole. While shown as cylindrical, it is appreciated that this concept can be defined in various other shapes, such as squares, polygons or various other shapes as desired. 
       FIG. 11B  illustrates the internal structure of an example sealant injector package defined as a piston-type sealant injection package  60  according to this embodiment of the invention. Flowable sealant  1  is retained between the inner and outer wall of the cylinder with a piston formed by disc  62  on top that is capable of sliding down within the cylinder thereby releasing sealant  1  through the lag bolt through-hole  61  along the bottom. Sealant guide collar  64  at the bottom of the injector package fits inside the lag bolt opening formed in the bottom of foot or base portion  22 ″, serving to hold the package in place and also to provide a flow path capped with a frangible portion defining flow path outlet  65  that allows the sealant to escape after the piston is compressed by the action of the lag bolt. Sealant guide collar  64  is adapted to control and direct flow of sealant from the reservoir between base portion  22 ″ and the roof surface and around a portion of the lag bolt that protrudes through the roof surface. Sealant guide collar  64  may be defined as a lip that circumscribes the inner diameter of through-hole  61  of piston-style sealant injection package  60  and includes frangible portion flow path outlet  65  that breaks when sufficient pressure is applied to top plate  62  of the piston to collapse the collapsible cylindrical reservoir  66  containing flowable sealant  1 . Sealant  1  is then directed through flow path outlet  65  along sealant guide collar  64  around the lag bolt so as to seal the hole in the roof surface through which the lag bolt extends as well as any adjacent pilot holes. 
       FIGS. 12A-12C  illustrate several view of piston-style sealant injection package  60  during mounting of system  120 . These views remove the majority of the structure of the photovoltaic mounting system  120  to emphasize the position and action of the piston-type sealant injector package  60 . After a suitable pilot hole has been drilled, the lag bolt is simply dropped into the lag-bolt through hole  61  of the piston-type sealant injector package  60  and passes through the bottom of foot or base portion  22 ″ and into the pre-drilled lag bolt hole. As shown in  FIG. 12A , center hole  61  in piston-style sealant package  60  is open such that the user can see the pilot hole through package  60 . As lag bolt  10  and, optionally washer  13 , are torqued down, the washer and lag bolt head  12  push down on piston plate  62  which in turn pushes down on collapsible sealant reservoir  66  contained within package  60 , collapsing the inner wall so that sealant  1  flows out through the sealant guide collar  64  at bottom and under the base or foot portion around the critical lag bolt hole in the roof surface. This is shown in even greater detail in the cross-sectional side views of  FIGS. 13A-13B and 14A-14B . Before torquing against the sealant injector, lag bolt head  12  and washer  13  sit on piston plate  62 . As lag bolt  10  is further torqued, piston plate  62  maintains its shape but compresses the center tube or wall of cylindrical reservoir  66  out of the way, while at the same time squishing sealant  1  out of flow path outlet opening  65  along the sealant guide collar  64  around where lag bolt  10  protrudes through the roof surface. 
     As in previous embodiments, it may be desirable to form a channel or void on the underside of the roof-facing surface of the base portion of the mounting system that can be filled by the sealant without displacing the mounting system. Alternatively, a spacer, such as a foam pad or other structure, may be used to elevate the bracket mounting system  20 ″ above the roof surface with a hole formed therein around the lag bolt opening as shown in the exemplary embodiment of  FIGS. 8 and 9 . 
     Referring now to  FIGS. 15-22B , these figures illustrate exemplary sealant injection mounting system  130  having a simplified integral bracket  20 ′″ and tiered cylindrical sealant injector package  70 , as shown in the perspective view of  FIG. 15 . System  130  also includes sealant guide  80  that secures sealant injector package  70  to bracket  20 ′″ and cylindrical clamping cap  40 ″ disposed atop sealant injector package  70  that covers collapsed sealant injector package  70  after the lag bolt is torqued into the roof surface. System  130  further includes spacer disk  50  adapted for placement between bracket  20 ′″ and roof surface to surround the hole through which the lag bolt extends. Spacer disc  50  can include a recessed interior portion defining an enclosed space into which the sealant can flow around the lag bolt shaft along the penetration through the roof surface. Such a configuration inhibits flow of excess sealant onto the roof surface and avoids exposing the installer directly to the sealant during installation, thereby avoiding any potential mess and improving ease of installation while providing improved sealing of any of roof penetrations and subsequent protection of cured sealant. 
     As can be seen in the exploded view of  FIG. 16 , integral bracket  20 ′″ includes flattened foot or base portion  27 , angled bent-up portion  28  that protrudes away from the roof surface when base portion  27  is mounted on the roof surface, and flattened upper support portion  29  for supporting the photovoltaic panel or associated coupling component. Foot or base portion  27  includes slot  27 - 1  for passage of lag bolt  10 ′ into the roof surface, and support portion  29  includes through hole  29 - 1  for passage of fastener  25 , such as a bolt, for securing photovoltaic coupling feature  26 ′ to bracket  20 ′″, as shown in  FIG. 17 . Such coupling features can be adapted for coupling with a portion of a photovoltaic panel or associated support component (e.g. support track) and can include the rock-it style connectors shown in  FIG. 1-3  or a different type of photovoltaic module coupling device such as a wrap-around or clamping style connector as is known in the art. 
     In this embodiment, the bracket assembly is defined as a single integral component, such a bent-up bar with flatted base portion and flattened upper portion. This configuration allows for a smaller leveling foot that is narrower and lighter than the bracket assemblies formed of one or more extruded and/or stamped portions, such as those described above. In some embodiments, the integral bracket is formed of a metal bar having a rectangular cross-section. The metal bar may have a width between about 1 cm and 5 cm in width and between 5 mm to 20 mm in thickness, such as about 6 mm or about 8 mm in thickness. The base portion can be secured to the roof surface with a single lag bolt, such as any of those described herein. 
     In some embodiments, system  130  utilizes a specialized fastener that allows integral bracket  20 ″ to be removed after mounting to the roof surface without removing the fastener and without disturbing the cured sealant disposed where the fastener penetrates the roof surface. As shown in  FIG. 18 , such a fastener may be configured as a specialized lag bolt  10 ′ that lacks an enlarged proximal head, such as that shown in the lag bolt  10  of  FIG. 1 . Rather, specialized lag bolt  10 ′ includes threaded portions at both a proximal and distal ends,  15  and  18  respectively, such that a nut  16  can be threaded onto the proximal end to facilitate torquing of lag bolt  10 ′ into the roof surface. Such a fastener is sometimes referred to in the art as a hanger bolt. A washer can also be used beneath nut  16 . Lag bolt  10 ′ can also include an intermediate portion  14  (e.g. polygonal, hexagonal portion) between proximal and distal ends that allows for subsequent removal of lag bolt  10 ′ from the roof surface if desired. In some embodiments, lag bolt  10 ′ can further include distally tapered portion  17  near the proximal end, typically distal of the intermediate portion  14 . Distally tapered portion  17  is adapted to facilitate breaking of the sealant guide and to bisect the flowable sealant within the collapsible reservoir of the sealant injection package when driven or torqued into the roof surface to facilitate directionally controlled release of flowable sealant  1  through sealant guide  80 , as shown for example in  FIGS. 21A-21B . Distally tapered portion  17  may also include a stop surface (not shown), such as may be defined as a ridge or collar, that is disposed near a proximal end of the bolt so as to limit the depth at to which lag bolt  10 ′ penetrates the roof surface. While these aspects are described for use with mounting system  130 , it is appreciated that any of these features could be applied to a fastener, such as a lag bolt, and adapted for use with any of the other mounting systems described herein or variations thereof. 
       FIGS. 19A-19C  illustrate detail views of injection sealant package  70  of the system shown in  FIG. 15 . Sealant injection package  70  includes a collapsible sealant reservoir  75  containing flowable sealant  1 . As shown, package  70  is cylindrical and extends about central tubular passageway  71  extending longitudinally through cylindrical package  70  that allows for passage of a fastener, such as a lag bolt or hanger bolt, therethrough. Injection sealant package  70  includes a tiered outer shell  73  that includes multiple tiers  73   a ,  73   b ,  73   c ,  73   d  that are stepped or tapered so as to nest within each other and encourage organized collapsed of sealant reservoir  75  when the package is compressed by torquing of the fastener extending therethrough. The bottom of package  70  (shown facing upwards) includes a frangible portion  72  that breaks apart when the package is compressed thereby allowing directional release of sealant therethrough. Frangible portion  72  can include a readily breakable layer or film, such as a foil lid, that may be sealed to the bottom edge of the outer shell, such as with ultrasonic seals, adhesive or other sealing means. Sealant package  70  is oriented relative the bracket  22 ″ with the bottom of the package facing downwards towards the roof surface so that sealant  1  is directed between the bracket and the roof surface and around the lag bolt shaft where the bolt penetrates the roof surface. The outer shell of sealant injection package  70  can be formed of a rigid or semi-rigid plastic that resists collapse during handling and shipment of sealant injection package  70 , but the joints between tiered portions are weak enough to allow collapse of the tiered portions when package  70  is compressed in an axial direction with sufficient force to torque the fastener into the roof surface during mounting. In one aspect, the package  70  may be configured with greater lateral strength than axial strength so as to avoid inadvertent collapse of the reservoir during handling and shipment and facilitate collapse and release of the sealant when properly oriented in the bracket assembly as described and the fastener is torqued into the roof surface. 
       FIGS. 20A-20B  illustrate a removable sealant guide  80  adapted for use with injection sealant package  70 , as shown in the embodiment in  FIG. 15 . As shown, sealant guide  80  includes an alignment feature  82  protruding from the bottom surface that interfaces with a corresponding feature within the base portion of the bracket. In this embodiment, the alignment feature  82  is an oblong protrusion that is receiving with a similarly shaped slot within the base portion through which the lag bolt also extends during mounting. Sealant guide  80  further includes coupling feature  84  disposed along the top surface that is adapted for releasably coupling with a bottom surface of sealant injection package  70 . In this embodiment, coupling feature  84  includes a snap-fit type feature that resiliently snaps onto an outer ridge along the bottom surface of cylindrical sealant package  70 . Sealant guide  80  may also include a lower coupling feature  83  for coupling with an underside of bracket  22 ″. These features, in combination, secure sealant guide  80  to the bracket and secures sealant package  70  to sealant guide  80  so that a flow of sealant from the collapsible reservoir is released through sealant flow path  81  defined through sealant guide  80 . In this embodiment, system  130  further includes a spacer  50 ′, such as a circular foam pad, that circumscribes the hole through which the lag bolt extends and defines a space in which the sealant can flow between the bracket and roof surface and around the lag bolt along the roof penetration. Sealant flow path  81  can be adapted with one or more chutes or ramped surfaces so as to a flow of sealant directionally released from the sealant package to a desired area between bracket  22 ″ and roof surface. 
     In some embodiments, sealant guide  80  is designed to break apart once the lag or hanger bolt is installed to facilitate flow of sealant through the guide. This action may be effected by use of bolt  10 ′ having a distally tapered portion  17  that engages sealant guide  80  when torqued into the roof surface. This is shown, for example, in  FIGS. 21A-21B .  FIG. 21A  shows system  130  assembled as described above before mounting to the roof surface, the distal tip of lag bolt  10 ′ extending into a hole drilled into the roof surface with flowable sealant  1  contained within sealant injection package  70 .  FIG. 21B  shows system  130  after installation by torquing lag bolt  10 ′ into the roof surface, the tapered portion having broken apart sealant guide  80  and bisecting the sealant or adhesive facilitating controlled flow of sealant between the bracket and roof surface about the roof penetration by the lag bolt. 
     In some embodiments, system  130  allows for removal of the mounting bracket after installation with the sealant injection package described above. In this embodiment, by removing nut  16  from the proximal threaded portion of the specialized lag bolt  10 ′, compression cap  40 ″, the compressed sealant injector  70  and the bracket can be removed and discarded while lag bolt  10 ′ remains installed within the roof surface, the sealant under the puck or spacer  50 ′ left undisturbed. A new bracket, of the same or different type, can then be installed over the installed lag bolt  10 ′, which remains sealed with cured sealant  1 ′ and spacer disc  50 ′ from the previous installation. This configuration is advantageous as it allows the mounting bracket to be replaced if breakage or fatigue of the mounting bracket occurs, or if a different type of mounting bracket is desired after the original installation. This is particularly advantageous as it allows for replacement or changing of mounting brackets without requiring additional penetrations through the roof surface and while allowing the sealing of the original roof penetrations to remain intact. 
     The embodiments of the present inventions should not be limited in scope by the embodiments described herein. Indeed, various modifications of the embodiments of the present inventions, in addition to those described herein, will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art from the foregoing description and accompanying drawings and claims. Thus, such modifications are intended to fall within the scope of this invention. Further, although some of the embodiments of the present invention have been described herein in the context of a particular implementation in a particular environment for a particular purpose, those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that its usefulness is not limited thereto and that the embodiments of the present inventions can be beneficially implemented in any number of environments for any number of purposes. Accordingly, this disclosure should be construed in view of the full breath and spirit of the embodiments disclosed herein and claimed below.