Abstract:
An apparatus and method that address carry-over and contamination resulting from incomplete washing/flushing of syringe surfaces routinely exposed to samples and/or reagents. Specifically, the apparatus and method provide for washing the interior of a syringe barrel as well as interior and exterior surfaces of a syringe needle.

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Nos. 60/748,398 filed Dec. 8, 2005 and 60/821,147 filed Aug. 2, 2006, which are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. 
     
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    The invention herein described relates generally to liquid handling systems and devices, and particularly those used in liquid chromatography or other analytical systems, and more particularly to syringe wash stations for use in such systems. 
       BACKGROUND 
       [0003]    Many nuclear, chemical, and biological reactions require exact adherence to reaction stoichiometry when setting them up. Failure to establish the proper ratio among the reactants can lead to incomplete and/or incorrect reaction intermediates and products. Depending on the reaction, failure to control the rate of introduction or amounts of reactants and samples can sometimes lead to undesirable results. 
         [0004]    To a large extent, the ability to control the reaction is directly related to the ability to accurately and precisely aspirate and dispense correct amounts of each constituent at the appropriate rate. In many situations, the devices of choice to accomplish this are accurate and precise but expensive automated syringes or pipettes (herein collectively referred to as syringes). For economic reasons, the syringes are used multiple times. Consequently, they must be cleaned between uses to prevent remnant carry-over that can negatively impact the results of subsequent analyses. 
         [0005]    Carry-over/contamination can still arise from incomplete cleaning/flushing to waste of surfaces routinely exposed to samples and other contaminants. Incomplete cleaning can arise from unswept areas in the sample flow path, and uncleaned areas in the sampling path that only occasionally, through statistical incidence, come in contact with sampling elements. Some of the causes are insidious and only exhibit themselves sporadically over the course of several runs while others are more obvious and demonstrate themselves routinely from run to run. 
         [0006]    Several syringe washing techniques have been used. One technique uses disposable tips. In this case, the syringe is designed such that the costly elements are retained for multiple uses, but any portion that is wetted by reagents or solvents can be detached and thrown away. This approach is adequate for several applications and is widely used for most manual operations within the laboratory environment. The utility of this approach, however, declines for automated operation since it is difficult to attach new disposable elements with precise alignment. While human beings can readily compensate for slightly misaligned tips during manual operation, it is very difficult for robotic devices to do the same. Costs are exceedingly high to engineer robotic systems to precisely attach disposable elements or to compensate for misaligned tips. These costs generally far exceed the cost of applying syringe or pipette cleaning mechanisms to the automated systems. Moreover, disposable elements tend to take up valuable robotic deck space causing the automation aspect to become larger to compensate and thus become even more expensive. 
         [0007]    Another cleaning technique uses the syringe itself. In this case, after dispensing or injecting, the syringe&#39;s barrel is washed internally and its probe is washed both internally and externally by repetitive aspiration and dispensation of wash solution. A major disadvantage of this method is that several aspirate and dispense cycles are typically required to achieve the desired level of cleanliness, thus making this method exceedingly slow. One must cycle between aspirating wash solution from a reservoir location and expelling it into a waste location. This causes excessive wear and tear on robotic motion mechanisms in the case of automated systems. The many actuations required to clean the syringe also reduces its lifetime. 
         [0008]    Still another cleaning technique uses a dedicated wash line connected directly to the syringe or pipette barrel. The wash line connects into the device such that the fluid flows through the barrel and out of the open end of the syringe needle. If the syringe needle is situated within a vertically standing dead-ended tube or cylinder, the effluent from the device flows back up the tube and around the outer surface of the needle thus cleaning the outer aspect of that element as well (see  FIG. 1 ). This approach is much faster than using the syringe or pipette device itself as described above. The wash solution can be pumped through the device at an elevated rate to reduce the washing time. In addition, the number of syringe actuations is reduced and thus provides longer syringe life. Also, internal and external aspects can be cleaned simultaneously thus eliminating the need to transport the device (automatically or manually) between a wash reservoir and a waste station. A significant drawback, however, is that the dedicated wash solvent tubing is bulky, gets in the way, can leak, and can tangle up with other lines and connections during operation. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0009]    The present invention provides an apparatus and method that address carry-over and contamination resulting from incomplete washing/flushing of syringe surfaces routinely exposed to samples and/or reagents. Specifically, the apparatus and method provide for washing the interior of a syringe barrel as well as interior and exterior surfaces of a syringe needle. 
         [0010]    In a preferred embodiment, a stand-alone syringe wash station according to the invention provides quick, hands-free fluidic service to syringes used in laboratory operations. The barrel of the syringe is washed internally and the needle is washed both internally and externally by aspiration and dispensation of wash solution. Several aspirate and dispense cycles may be needed to achieve a desired level of cleanliness, but without the need to repetitively shuttle the syringe between a cleaning solvent reservoir and a contaminated solvent disposal station as was done in prior art automated systems. Instead, those tasks can be accomplished in one location without the need for moving the syringe. 
         [0011]    Accordingly, the invention provides a syringe wash station for cleaning a syringe used in a liquid handling system such as a liquid chromatography system, the syringe including a needle communicating with a barrel in which a plunger is movable for dispensing or aspirating a fluid through a distal open end of the needle. The wash station comprises an interior needle wash chamber having a lower end and an open upper end into which the needle of the syringe can be axially inserted; an overflow chamber extending vertically above the open upper end of the needle wash chamber; a wash port opening to a side wall of the needle wash chamber for supplying a cleaning fluid to the interior chamber; a drain connected to the lower end of the needle wash chamber; and a valve for opening and closing the drain respectively to permit and block fluid flow through the drain. When the valve is closed, fluid flowing from the wash port into the needle chamber can fill and flow through the needle wash chamber for replenishing the needle wash chamber with clean fluid for drawing into the and cleaning the interior of the syringe, and for cleaning the exterior surface of the needle and then overflowing the upper end of the needle wash chamber for flow into the overflow chamber and subsequent discharge. When the valve is open, the cleaning fluid in the chamber and solution dispensed from the syringe can flow from the needle wash chamber through the drain for discharge. 
         [0012]    In a particular embodiment, the drain may open to the needle wash chamber below the wash port, and the wash port may open to the side wall of the needle wash chamber below the upper end of the needle wash chamber. 
         [0013]    The needle wash chamber may be formed by a first tubular member, and the overflow chamber may be formed between the first tubular member and a larger diameter second tubular member that surrounds but is radially spaced from the first tubular member. 
         [0014]    The needle wash chamber may have a diameter at least twice the diameter of the needle for flow of fluid around the exterior of the needle for cleaning the exterior surface. 
         [0015]    A holder is provided for holding the syringe with the needle thereof inserted into the needle wash chamber. 
         [0016]    The holder may include a syringe interface device for establishing communication between the wash station controller and the syringe, whereby commands can be received from the syringe or issued to the syringe by or from the wash station controller. 
         [0017]    According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of cleaning a syringe used in a liquid handling system such as a liquid chromatography system, wherein the syringe includes a needle communicating with a barrel in which a plunger is movable for dispensing or aspirating a fluid through a distal open end of the needle. The method comprising the steps of: (a) axially inserting the syringe through an open upper end of an axially extending needle wash chamber at a wash station; (b) flowing cleaning fluid through a wash port opening in a side wall of the needle wash chamber between upper and lower ends of the needle wash chamber; (c) closing the drain to cause cleaning fluid to fill the needle wash chamber and flow out through an open upper end of the needle wash chamber into an overflow chamber; (d) opening the drain to allow the cleaning fluid in the needle wash chamber to flow out through a drain; (e) retracting the plunger of the syringe during step (c) to draw cleaning fluid through the needle and into the barrel of the syringe; and (f) extending the plunger of the syringe during step (d) to discharge the cleaning fluid from the barrel of the syringe through the needle and into the fluid flowing from the needle wash chamber to the drain. 
         [0018]    In particular, the cleaning fluid may drain by gravity through the drain when the valve is open, or be assisted by a vacuum device. 
         [0019]    Typically, steps (b) through (f) will be repeated multiple times to obtain a desired level of cleanliness. 
         [0020]    Usually at least 20% to 75% or more of the length of the needle may be inserted into the needle wash chamber. 
         [0021]    The needle may be held spaced from the side wall of the needle wash chamber when inserted into the wash chamber for cleaning the outer surface of the needle. 
         [0022]    According to further aspect of the invention, there is provided a syringe wash station for cleaning a syringe used in a liquid handling system such as a liquid chromatography system, the syringe including a needle communicating with a barrel in which a plunger is movable for dispensing or aspirating a fluid through a distal open end of the needle, and a side port communicating with the barrel. The syringe wash station comprises a body defining an axially extending interior chamber into which the syringe can be axially inserted, and a wash port opening to a side wall of the interior chamber for supplying a cleaning fluid to the interior chamber; and a pair of annular seals axially spaced apart and located on opposite sides of the wash port for sealing against an exterior surface of the syringe at opposite sides of the side port of the syringe. 
         [0023]    A holder may be provided for receiving and holding the syringe such that the side port of the syringe will be located in the region of the interior chamber located between the annular seals. 
         [0024]    According to yet another aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of cleaning a syringe used in a liquid handling system such as a liquid chromatography system, wherein the syringe the syringe includes a needle communicating with a barrel in which a plunger is movable for dispensing or aspirating a fluid through a distal open end of the needle, and a side port communicating with the barrel. The method comprising the steps of: axially inserting the syringe into an axially extending interior chamber of a wash station with the side port located in a region bounded by a pair of annular seals axially spaced apart and located on opposite side of a wash port for sealing against an exterior surface of the syringe at opposite sides of the wash port; retracting the plunger of the syringe such that it is located on a side of the side port remote from the distal end of the needle; and flowing a cleaning fluid through the wash port and into the interior chamber, whereupon such fluid will flow through the side port into the barrel of the syringe and out through the distal end of the needle, thereby cleaning interior surfaces of the syringe. 
         [0025]    Further features of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description when considered in conjunction with the drawings. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0026]    In the annexed drawings, 
           [0027]      FIG. 1  is a perspective view of an exemplary stand-alone syringe wash station according to the invention, with a syringe shown inserted therein for cleaning; 
           [0028]      FIG. 2  is a cross-sectional view of the syringe wash station of  FIG. 1 , with the syringe removed; 
           [0029]      FIG. 3  is a cross-sectional view similar to  FIG. 1 , but with the syringe held in the station; 
           [0030]      FIG. 4  is an enlargement of an upper end portion of  FIG. 3 ; 
           [0031]      FIG. 5  is an enlargement of a lower end portion of  FIG. 3 ; 
           [0032]      FIGS. 6A-6E  are a series of views schematically illustrating a cleaning operation using the syringe wash station of  FIG. 1 ; 
           [0033]      FIG. 7  is a perspective view of another exemplary stand-alone syringe wash station according to the invention, with a syringe shown inserted therein; 
           [0034]      FIG. 8  is a cross-sectional view of the syringe wash station of  FIG. 7 , with a portion thereof shown enlarged; and 
           [0035]      FIG. 9  is a cross-sectional view similar to  FIG. 3 , modified to include features of the wash station shown in  FIGS. 7 and 8 . 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0036]    Referring now in detail to the drawings and initially to  FIGS. 1-3 , an exemplary syringe wash station for cleaning a syringe used in a liquid handling system, such as a liquid chromatography or other analytical system, is indicated generally by reference numeral  10 . The syringe, generally indicated by reference numeral  11 , includes a needle  12  communicating with a barrel  13  in which a plunger (not shown) is movable for dispensing or aspirating a fluid through a distal open end of the needle. The reference to a syringe herein encompasses syringes, pipettes and other types of sampling probes. 
         [0037]    The illustrated syringe wash station  10  is a stand-alone assembly or unit. With additional reference to  FIGS. 4 and 5 , the wash station  10  can be seen to generally comprise an interior needle wash chamber  18  having a lower end and an open upper end into which the needle  12  of the syringe can be axially inserted; an overflow chamber  21  extending vertically above the open upper end of the needle wash chamber  18 ; a wash port  22  opening to a side wall of the needle wash chamber for supplying a cleaning fluid to the interior chamber; a drain  24  connected to the lower end of the needle wash chamber  18 ; and a valve  26  for opening and closing the drain  24  respectively to permit and block fluid flow through the drain. The drain may be connected to a waste container by a suitable conduit that may be coupled to the fitting  27 . Any suitable valve may be used, such as a solenoid operated valve. The valve may be contained in a valve assembly  28  that may be connected to a wash station body  29  by a suitable fitting  30 . Operation of the valve may be controlled by a wash station controller  31  included in the wash station as a unit, or if desired, located remotely. While the valve may be controlled by the wash station controller  31 , other means may be provided for opening and closing the valve, including manually or by means of other control devices, such as an overall fluid handling system controller. 
         [0038]    As shown, an upper end portion of the needle wash chamber  18  may be formed by an inner tubular member  30  which may be formed integrally with the wash station body  29  in which the balance of the wash chamber is formed, or as a separate piece. The overflow chamber  21  is formed between the inner tubular member  29  and a larger diameter outer tubular member  32  that likewise may be formed integrally with the wash station body or as a separate piece. The outer tubular member  32  surrounds but is radially spaced from the inner tubular member  30  to form a lower portion of the overflow chamber. The upper portion of the overflow chamber extends above the upper end or rim  33  of the wash chamber to capture fluid flowing out through the top of the wash chamber. The lower end of the overflow chamber is connected to a drain passage  35  that may be connected to a waste collector by a suitable conduit that may be attached to the lower end of a drain tube  36 . 
         [0039]    In use, cleaning fluid may be supplied from a source  37  thereof to the wash port  22  for introduction into the wash chamber  18 . The fluid source  37  may be controlled by the controller for controlled delivery of cleaning fluid to the wash chamber, or such fluid source may be otherwise controlled, such as manually for some applications. The fluid source may include a reservoir  38  for holding a supply of cleaning fluid, and a pump  39  and/or supply valve  40  operable, for example under the control of the wash station controller, to supply the cleaning fluid under pressure to the wash port. 
         [0040]    When the valve  26  is closed (rotated 90° in  FIG. 5 ), fluid flowing from the wash port  22  into the needle wash chamber  18  will fill the needle wash chamber and overflow the upper end of the needle wash chamber where it is captured by the overflow chamber  21 . Fluid in the overflow chamber will drain out through the drain  35  for disposal. When the valve is open as shown in  FIG. 5 , cleaning fluid can flow from the needle wash chamber through the wash chamber drain  24  for disposal. 
         [0041]    Referring now to  FIGS. 6A-6E  in conjunction with  FIGS. 43 and 5 , an exemplary cleaning procedure will now be described. First, the wash chamber drain valve  26  is opened to completely drain the wash chamber  18  to waste if this has not already been done. The syringe  11  is placed into the device  10  such that its needle  12  comes to rest within, but not touching, the wall surrounding the wash chamber  18 . The syringe plunger  44  is moved to the fully down position as shown in  FIG. 6A  to discharge into the wash chamber any contents that may remain in the syringe, such contents then flowing out through the drain  24  of the wash chamber. 
         [0042]    Next, the wash chamber drain valve  26  is closed by the wash station controller, such closure being depicted by an “X” in  FIGS. 6B and 6C . Cleaning fluid, such as a suitable solvent, is introduced through the wash port  22  into the wash chamber  18 . As above mentioned, flow of fluid to the wash port may be controlled by a suitable valve and/or pump that in turn may be controlled by the wash station controller  31 . Alternatively or additionally, the supply of fluid may be controlled manually such as by use of a manually operated valve. 
         [0043]    The fluid flowing into the wash chamber  18  will fill the wash chamber and overflow into the overflow chamber  21  for passage to waste. This will wash the exterior surface of the syringe needle  13  at the portion thereof that extends below the top end of the wash chamber. At the same time, the syringe plunger  44  can be retracted upwardly to draw clean solvent into the lumen of the needle and into the barrel  46  of the syringe  11  as shown in  FIG. 6B . 
         [0044]    When the syringe plunger  44  reaches its uppermost designated position, the wash chamber drain valve  26  is again opened to completely drain the wash chamber contents as shown in  FIGS. 6C and 6D . The solvent flow into the wash chamber may or may not continue during this step, as desired. 
         [0045]    Next the syringe plunger  44  is again extended to the fully down position expelling the contaminated solvent into the lower portion of the wash chamber  18  whereafter if flows through the wash chamber drain  24  to waste as depicted in  FIG. 6E . 
         [0046]    The above-described steps illustrated by  FIGS. 6B  through E can be repeated for as many aspirate and dispense strokes as are necessary to achieve the desired cleanliness of the inner and outer surfaces of the syringe needle and syringe barrel. 
         [0047]    A significant advantage arises from the fluid drop-out illustrated in  FIGS. 6D and 6E . This effectively and “immediately” drains all contaminants from the wash chamber and syringe to waste, preparing the wash chamber to be filled with clean solvent for the next aspiration step. This provides a “step” change in the wash chamber&#39;s fluid contamination level similar to that described in Equation 1 below. 
         [0000]    
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     C 
                     t 
                   
                   = 
                   
                     { 
                     
                       
                         
                           
                             
                               C 
                               0 
                             
                             ; 
                             
                               t 
                               ≤ 
                               
                                 t 
                                 0 
                               
                             
                           
                         
                       
                       
                         
                           
                             Rs 
                             ; 
                             
                               t 
                               &gt; 
                               
                                 t 
                                 0 
                               
                             
                           
                         
                       
                     
                     } 
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   Equation 
                    
                   
                       
                   
                    
                   1 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
         [0000]    where C 0 =the contaminant concentration in the wash chamber immediately after dispensation from the dirty syringe; C t =the contaminant concentration in the wash chamber at time=t; Rs=the residual contaminant concentration after the drop out, which results mostly from desorption of analyte previously adsorbed to the walls; t=time; and t 0 =the point where the drop-out valve is opened. 
         [0048]    Thus, there is provided a fast, minimal solvent intensive, and efficient means for changing the fluid over from contaminated to clean. 
         [0049]    If, by contrast, the fluid were not dropped out of the wash chamber, the contamination contained within it would be eliminated via a dilution mechanism as the solvent flows from the wash chamber to the overflow chamber resulting in exponential contaminant decay with regard to the wash chamber as shown in Equation 2 (assuming instantaneous homogeneity of the fluid in the wash chamber as clean solvent is pumped in). 
         [0000]    
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     C 
                     t 
                   
                   = 
                   
                     { 
                     
                       
                         
                           
                             
                               C 
                               0 
                             
                             ; 
                             
                               t 
                               &lt; 
                               
                                 t 
                                 0 
                               
                             
                           
                         
                       
                       
                         
                           
                             
                               Rs 
                               + 
                               
                                 
                                   ( 
                                   
                                     
                                       C 
                                       0 
                                     
                                     - 
                                     Rs 
                                   
                                   ) 
                                 
                                 × 
                                 
                                    
                                   
                                     - 
                                     
                                       ( 
                                       
                                         
                                           SFR 
                                           × 
                                           t 
                                         
                                         CV 
                                       
                                       ) 
                                     
                                   
                                 
                               
                             
                             ; 
                             
                               t 
                               ≥ 
                               
                                 t 
                                 0 
                               
                             
                           
                         
                       
                     
                     } 
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   Equation 
                    
                   
                       
                   
                    
                   2 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
         [0000]    where C 0 =the contaminant concentration in the wash chamber immediately after dispensation from the dirty syringe; C t =the contaminant concentration in the wash chamber at time=t; Rs=the residual contaminant concentration after the drop out, which results mostly from desorption of analyte previously adsorbed to the walls; t=time; t 0 =the point where the drop-out valve is opened; SRF=solvent flow rate; and CV=wash chamber volume. 
         [0050]    Contaminants would be only partially removed from the wash chamber in any reasonable time allotted between the syringe&#39;s dispense step and its next aspiration step. The syringe would subsequently draw partially contaminated solvent back into itself during the aspiration step. In this case, the rate of change-over from contaminated to clean is determined by both the flow rate of the incoming clean solvent and the volume of the wash chamber with the wash chamber&#39;s volume being the “time constant” of the exponential. The extent of change over (i.e. final cleanliness of the solvent in the wash chamber) is dependent on the initial contamination concentration in the cylinder and the time allotted between dispensing and aspirating the syringe for a given cylinder volume and solvent flow rate. In order to obtain roughly six orders of magnitude dilution for each dispense/aspirate cycle, approximately fourteen cylinder volumes (time constants) would need to be pumped through the cylinder. In practical terms this approach requires multiple times the solvent volume and takes substantially longer to reach a similar level of cleanliness than the fluid drop out approach described above. Clearly for time, solvent conservation, and overall efficiency, the solvent drop-out method is preferable to the dilution method for use in the syringe cleaning device, although the subject wash station could alternatively be used to perform a dilution procedure should this be desired for some reason. 
         [0051]    Under laminar flow conditions, the time to remove the contaminated solvent from the wash chamber is dependent on the effective inner radius of the drain passage, the length of the drain passage, the viscosity of the liquid being evacuated, and the pressure drop across the drain passage. For minimum evacuation time while relying on gravity to provide the pressure drop, the effective inner radius of the drain passage could generally match the inner radius of the wash chamber and the drain passage could be kept short. If this is not practical, one can achieve a desired evacuation rate by applying a suction pump to the outlet end of the drain, thereby increasing the pressure drop from inside the wash chamber to the waste container. 
         [0052]    As seen in  FIG. 5 , the wash chamber drain  24  opens to the needle wash chamber  18  below the wash port, and the wash port opens to the side wall of the needle wash chamber below the upper rim  33  of the needle wash chamber. The wash port may be located near the bottom of the wash chamber as shown, and thus at a location lower than the bottom end of the syringe needle when the latter is inserted and held in the wash chamber. Alternatively and/or additionally, a wash port may be located centrally of the wash chamber, or near or at the top of the wash chamber, or even above the rim of the wash chamber. 
         [0053]    Also, the needle wash chamber  18  has a diameter greater than that of the needle  13  so as to define an annular space around the needle. The wash chamber diameter may be, for example, at least twice, three times or more than the diameter of the needle. 
         [0054]    Referring back to  FIGS. 2 and 3 , the wash station further comprises a holder  52  for holding the syringe  11  with the needle  13  thereof inserted into the needle wash chamber  18 . The illustrated holder is in the form of a tower, with the wash station body  29  containing the wash chamber  18  and overflow chamber  21  being located at the bottom of the tower. As shown, the wash chamber body may be secured within a tubular or block portion  54  at the lower end of the tower, that in turn is connected to the valve housing  28 . An upright portion  54  of the tower  52  may support an intermediate guide and support member  55  between the wash chamber body  29  and the upper end of the tower. 
         [0055]    As shown in  FIG. 3 , the upper end of the syringe  11  may project from upper end of the tower for gripping by a gripper, gantry mechanism or the like (not shown) that may be used to move the syringe into and out of the holder. In other systems, the syringe can be manually or otherwise inserted and removed from the wash station. The syringe may be axially inserted by a robotic device or otherwise into the syringe holder  52  until the injection needle is positioned as above described in the wash chamber  18 . The syringe may be provided with a suitable stop for limiting such insertion movement to avoid over-insertion. 
         [0056]    The holder  52  may also include a syringe interface device  58  for establishing communication between the syringe wash device  10  and the syringe  11 , whereby commands can be received from the syringe or issued to the syringe from or to a wash station controller and/or overall system controller. In this manner, the motor or other motive device in the syringe that effects movement of the plunger can be controlled by the controller  31 . Of course, other means may be employed to extend and retract the plunger, including manual means such a plunger extension extending from an end of the syringe where it can be manually manipulated to effect operation of the plunger. 
         [0057]    In the illustrated exemplary embodiment, the interface device  58  provides for communication with and/or supplying power to the syringe  11 . For further details of the interface device  58  and corresponding connection module of the syringe  11 , and their manner of interfacing with one another and with control components and functional stations of an analytical system or systems, such as the herein described wash station, reference may be had to International Patent Application No. PCT/US06/02845 which is hereby incorporated herein by reference. By way of a specific example, a wash procedure may be effected under the control of the syringe  11  that may include a suitably programmed logic control device. The interface device  58  may also provide power to the syringe  11  when held in the wash station  10 . It is noted, however, that other types of syringes may be used with the wash station device, including syringes that are inserted manually as well as those used by conventional liquid and sample handling systems wherein the syringe may be tethered to a gantry system or otherwise configured. 
         [0058]    The syringe  11  may also be equipped with a locating device  60 , such as a pin, that acts as a locating key for proper vertical and/or rotational registry of the syringe in the holder. The locating pin can seat in a locating slot at the top of the holder. The locating key may be used to limit the extent to which the syringe can be inserted axially (vertically) into the holder  52 , or other means can be employed to limit the extent of insertion. 
         [0059]    As above-mentioned, the syringe  11  can be operated for aspirating and/or dispensing a cleaning fluid. The syringe may be self-contained thereby eliminating the need for a tether and thus reducing the complexity of coordinating the flow of the sampling syringes through the system. An untethered self-contained sampling syringe typically would include the plunger and a motive device for moving the plunger in response to a command signal. The command signal may be effected wirelessly between the sampling syringe and a stationary system component, and/or by other suitable means. 
         [0060]    The syringe  11  may be cylindrical over a major portion of its length. The maximum outer diameter of the syringe may be equal or less than 9 mm so that the sampling syringes can be ganged together or individually placed next to each other dynamically during operation as in a grid pattern at a 9 mm center-to-center spacing, or less. As will be appreciated, multiple wash stations can be arranged in an array for parallel servicing of multiple syringes. In particular, multiple wash stations  10  can be arranged in a row or grid, in side-by-side relationship. 
         [0061]    In view of the foregoing description, it should now be apparent that the invention provides a wash station, particularly a stand-alone syringe wash station, capable of providing quick, preferably hands-free, fluidic service to syringes used in laboratory operations. The principles of the invention may be used with a variety of different types of syringes, including in particular the herein described syringe. 
         [0062]    Referring now to  FIGS. 7 and 8 , another embodiment of stand-alone syringe wash station is indicated generally by reference number  70 . The wash station  70  is intended for use with a syringe  71  including a needle  72  communicating with a barrel  73  in which a plunger  74  is movable for dispensing or aspirating a fluid through a distal open end of the needle, and a side port  76  communicating with the barrel  73 , particularly at an upper portion of the barrel. The above description of the syringe  11  is equally applicable to the syringe  71 . Although not mentioned above, the syringe  11  may also have a side port  76  although the above-described exemplary method does not utilize the side port. The provision of a side port, however, allows the syringe  11 , the syringe  71  and other syringes to be cleaned in the wash station device  70  or similar device according to the present invention. 
         [0063]    The syringe wash station  70  comprises a body  79  including an axially extending interior chamber  80  into which the syringe can be axially inserted, and a wash port  81  opening to the interior chamber, in particular to a side wall of the interior chamber, for supplying a cleaning fluid to the interior chamber. A pair of axially spaced apart annular seals  83  and  84 , which may be O-ring seals as shown, are located on opposite sides of the wash port  81  for sealing against an exterior, preferably cylindrical, surface of the syringe  71  at opposite sides of the side port  76  of the syringe. 
         [0064]    A suitable holder  86 , which may be similar to that described above, may be provided to hold the syringe  71  in place during a cleaning operation. As shown, the holder  86  may include an upright  87  extending upwardly from a fluid receptacle  88  that may be supported by the upright at its lower end, or vice versa. The upright  87  support the body  79  above the fluid receptacle so that it will align with the side port  74  of the syringe when the syringe is fully inserted into the holder  87  with the needle properly positioned relative to the fluid receptacle, such as within the fluid receptacle so the needle can be immersed in cleaning fluid contained in the receptacle to clean the exterior of the needle, in particular a lower portion of the needle. The holder may further include a syringe guide and support member  90  on the holder to guide the syringe during insertion and support the syringe in the holder. The guide and support member may be spaced above the body  79  a desired distance so that the syringe will be held in a stable manner, although other means may also be employed. 
         [0065]    The supply of fluid to the wash port  81 , and to and from the receptacle  88  can be effected in a manner similar to that described above. That is, the flow of fluid to the wash port  81  may be controlled by a suitable valve and/or pump that in turn may be controlled by a suitable controller, such as a wash station controller. Alternatively or additionally, the supply of fluid may be controlled manually such as by use of a manually operated valve. In addition, fluid can be supplied to the receptacle  88  by a suitable valve and/or pump controlled by a controller, such as the wash station controller; and fluid can be drained from the receptacle  88  via a drain provided with a valve for opening and closing the drain, such as that shown above. The drain can be closed to cause the receptacle to fill for cleaning of the exterior surface of the needle. The receptacle may be configured similarly to the above-described wash and overflow chambers if desired. 
         [0066]    An exemplary method of cleaning the syringe  71  using the wash station  70  comprises the steps of axially inserting the syringe into the axially extending interior chamber  83  of the wash station with the side port  71  located in a region bounded by the pair of annular seals  83  and  84 . The plunger is then retracted so that it is located on a side of the side port remote from the distal open end of the needle  72 . Cleaning fluid is then supplied from a source thereof to the wash port for flow into the interior chamber, whereupon such fluid will flow through the side port into the barrel of the syringe and out through the distal end of the needle, thereby cleaning interior surfaces of the syringe. 
         [0067]    Thus, the wash station  70  provides a quick, preferably hands-free connect and release, fluidic service to “fast-wash” syringes used in laboratory operations. The two annular fluidic seals  83  and  84  form the top and bottom seals respectively around the syringe body. The syringe body itself forms the inner wall of the wash cavity while the structure supporting the annular fluidic seals serves as the outer wash wall. An open fluidic path is established extending from a remote pumping mechanism, through the outer wash wall, through the side port of the syringe, into the barrel, and out through the open end of the syringe probe. 
         [0068]    As will be appreciated the foregoing description, the syringe  71  does not need a dedicated wash line connected to it, thereby eliminating the proclivity for tangling and leaking as with existing designs. The system is rotationally isotropic with respect to the azimuthal orientation of the syringe within the wash station. The wash station can be small and modular, and can reside easily on a robotic device as well as be placed on a laboratory bench or wherever it is convenient for use. Several wash stations can be grouped or ganged together to create a pool of syringes each at a different stage of cleaning but always providing at least one clean device at any given instant. 
         [0069]    Features of the above-described wash stations  10  and  70  can be combined to provide a single universal wash station that can service syringes that have or don&#39;t have a side port. As illustrated in  FIG. 9 , the body  79  of the wash station  70  can be mounted to the upright portion  54  of the tower  52  above the wash chamber  18 . Consequently, the interior of a syringe provided with a side port can be washed using procedures similar to those described above in relation to the wash station  70 , or alternatively or additionally the interior of the syringe can be washed in a manner similar to that described above in relation to the wash station  10 . If a syringe is not provided with a side port, it can be washed in a manner similar to that described above in relation to the wash station  10 . In all cases, the exterior of the syringe can be washed by flowing cleaning fluid through the wash chamber  18 . 
         [0070]    Although the invention has been shown and described with respect to a certain embodiment or embodiments, it is obvious that equivalent alterations and modifications will occur to others skilled in the art upon the reading and understanding of this specification and the annexed drawings. In particular regard to the various functions performed by the above described elements (components, assemblies, devices, compositions, etc.), the terms (including a reference to a “means”) used to describe such elements are intended to correspond, unless otherwise indicated, to any element which performs the specified function of the described element (i.e., that is functionally equivalent), even though not structurally equivalent to the disclosed structure which performs the function in the herein illustrated exemplary embodiment or embodiments of the invention. In addition, while a particular feature of the invention may have been described above with respect to only one or more of several illustrated embodiments, such feature may be combined with one or more other features of the other embodiments, as may be desired and advantageous for any given or particular application.