Abstract:
An improved design and process for manufacturing a valve housing for an existing filling machine. The improved design is an annular lip protruding downwardly at the outlet end and flaring outwardly for directing liquid into the container being filled, and a plurality of liquid discharge openings circumscribed by the annular lip at the outlet end for evenly dispersing liquid down and around the lip and against the sides of the container for accumulation therein without foaming. This design replaces existing press-fit tips which are expensive and unwieldy. Moreover, the above-described design facilitates formation of the entire valve housing from a single unitary piece of stainless bar stock, and the present invention encompasses the process for manufacture. This reduces manufacturing costs and eliminates weld lines and the associated risk of bacterial contamination.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     The present application is based on U.S. provisional application serial No. 60/108,618 filed on Nov. 16, 1998. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the invention 
     The present invention relates to filling valves for use in counter-pressure filling machines and, in particular, to an improved tipless counter-pressure filling valve housing and process for weldless manufacturing of the same from one-piece stainless steel stock. 
     2. Description of the Background 
     Counter-pressure filling valves are typically used for filling of containers, such as cans or bottles, with carbonated liquids. Such valves ensure that the carbonated liquid which fills the can/bottle under pressure does not leak from the machine during filling or that the carbonation does not escape from the liquid as the container is filled. 
     Traditional methods and devices for filling containers with carbonated liquids include a variety of counter-pressure filling machines in which the cans/bottles are first filled with a gas under pressure. Carbonated liquid is then admitted to the cans/bottles under pressure so that the carbonated liquid cannot escape. The cans/bottles are then sealed to ensure that the carbonation does not escape the liquid. 
     One example of a filling valve for a carbonated liquid bottling machine is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 4,089,353 to Antonelli. The Antonelli &#39;353 filling valve is controlled by a cam outside of the tank. The cam actuates a first valve member to admit counter-pressure gas into the can. The can is filled with the counter-pressure gas until the pressures of the gas and the liquid are equal. The cam then opens a second valve member which allows the liquid to flow into the container. When the container is filled, the cam actuator closes the valve members and the bottle is lowered away from the valve. 
     Another type of filling valve is illustrated by U.S. Pat. No. 4,679,603 to Rademacher et al. The Rademacher et al. &#39;603 filling valve incorporates two concentric valve members. The outer valve member admits liquid into the container, and the inner valve member admits counter-pressure gas into the container. The outlet dispensing end or “vent tube” for the inner valve member must be inserted a certain distance into the container for proper operation of the filling valve. 
     Still another variation is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 5,156,200 to Mette, which discloses a counterpressure filling valve comprising a downwardly extendable sleeve which can descend toward an empty container below the valve, and which carries a deformable annular sealing element  2  which is movable into sealing engagement with the container to be filled. 
     The above and other commercially available counter-pressure filling devices employ valve housings that provide a high volume fluid interface between the filling equipment and cans or bottles to be filled. Each piece of filling equipment may employ a large number of valve housings to simultaneously fill an equal number of cans or bottles. 
     For instance, FIG. 1 is a perspective photo and FIG. 2 is a side-cross section of an existing counter-pressure filling valve housing of the type that is commercially available from Crown-Simplimatic Co. This valve and refinements thereto are described in detail in a family of patents, including U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,150,740; 5,145,008; 5,139,058; 4,986,318; 4,750,533; 4,442,873, all issued to Yun and all drawn to counterpressure filling valves for introducing counterpressure gas and product into a container. The valves are actuated through the physical engagement of the container to be filled; thus, the filling operation is achieved without the use of external valve operating cams or the like. 
     As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the prior art valve body  10  generally includes a cylindrical mid-section  16 , a port block section  11 , and a valve cap section  13 . A flange  12  atop mid-section  16  bears apertures  14  by which the fill valve body  10  is mounted to beverage machinery in a conventional fashion. A plurality of discharge nozzles  28  extend downward from valve cap section  13  and these typically define as few as nine and as many as fifteen discharge ports. The mid-section  16  is hollow such that beverage, such as a carbonated drink, selectively flows through. The hollow cylindrical mid-section  16  merges into an integral radially extending bottom flange  18  that leads into a downwardly directed annular collar  22 . Collar  22  is angularly drilled and tapped at the nine to fifteen separate sites to define a plurality of axial channels through which the beverage flows out of the hollow mid-section  16 . The lower surface  24  of the collar  22  accommodates interference fit insertion of a corresponding number of beverage discharge nozzle tips  26 . Each nozzle tip  26  is in communication with one of the internal beverage passageways disposed in flange  18  and collar  22 . Each tip  28  of the array is, thus, diagonally disposed in a downward and outward direction and internally comprises a single, angularly oriented, linearly extending central bore. The tips  28  collectively fit through the top opening at the upper lip or edge of a beverage can. The sizing and orientation of the array  26  of nozzle tips  28  discharges and directs beverage into the can in a plurality of circular streams against the interior surface of the side of the can near the top thereof. This minimizes foaming of the beverage. 
     The valve body  10  also comprises a central wall  30  with aperture  33  for introduction into the can of pressurized gas. Valve body  10  also comprises a separate, exteriorly disposed helical tube  34 , the hollow of which functions to snift gas from the top of the before removing the can from the filling equipment. Tube  34  leads into a hollow through flange  18  and collar  22  and to a is port located adjacent the slot  36 . In accordance with conventional operation, pressurized gas at the top of the can is evacuated or “snifted” just before the can is removed from the filling machinery. 
     Unfortunately, the above-described valve housing has a number of drawbacks. First, the filling valve tips  20  are formed from sections of stainless steel pipe that are compression-fit into the collar  22 . This greatly complicates the manufacturing process as bore-holes must be drilled into the collar  22  and then each valve tip  28  must be press-fit by hand. The resulting valve housing is overly complex and expensive. 
     Moreover, the filling valve must have a relatively long stroke to meet the containers while ensuring that the valve tips  20  are inserted the proper depth in the container and that they are lifted clear from the container after the container is filled with the carbonated liquid. The requirement of moving the filling valves along this relatively long stroke significantly slows down the overall operation of stationary container filling machines. 
     The conventional process for manufacturing the above-described valve bodies also has shortcomings. The hollow cylindrical mid-section  16 , valve cap  13 , and port block  11  are separately machined from three individual pieces of stainless steel stock. These three components are then welded together to form the illustrated valve housing. Further machining takes place, e.g., to bore holes for valve tips  28 , and the valve tips  28  are then press-fit by hand into the valve collar  22 . This complex process was previously thought to be necessary due to the various intersecting channels in and through the valve body  10 , plus the irregular protruding port block  11 . However, the process is costly and greatly adds to the time it takes for the filling is valve housing to be manufactured. Even worse, the process results in several weld-lines  19 . These weld-lines  19  are highly susceptible to the accumulation of liquid and increase the risk of contamination and disease. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 5,141,135 to Nish et al. shows a partial solution in the form of an adapter nozzle to eliminate the tips  28 , and said adapter is shown in FIG. 3 herein. A portion of the valve body including the tips  28  must be removed, and then the adapter nozzle is fastened to the non-removed portion. The adapter discharges fluid in three broad thin streams angularly against the interior walls of the can. While the tips are eliminated, the adapter approach raises problems of its own. The tips must be machined off smoothly and the adapter attached securely to ensure proper operation. Even so, the adapter is yet another welded part that further compromises structural integrity. 
     It would be greatly advantageous to develop a simpler and more cost effective valve housing and manufacturing process therefor which eliminates both welding and valve tips. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     It is, therefore, an object of the present invention to provide an improved tipless counter-pressure filling valve housing with a shorter stroke to meet the containers while ensuring proper filling with carbonated liquid. 
     It is another object to provide a tipless counter-pressure filling valve housing to reduce labor, manufacturing and raw materials costs associated with the press-fit tips. 
     It is another object to simplify the process for manufacturing valve bodies using a single is stainless steel blank, rather than separately machining from three individual pieces of stainless. 
     It is still another process to eliminate all weld-lines, thereby dramatically increasing structural integrity and reducing the risk of bacterial contamination and disease. 
     These and other objects are accomplished by an improvement to a conventional valve housing. The conventional valve housing is of the type having a valve body with an upward flange for attachment to an existing filling machine, and an outlet end from which liquid is dispensed into a container. The valve body defines a central liquid reservoir for passing liquid from the filling machine into the container, and a central gas tube traverses the liquid reservoir from the inlet end to the outlet end of the valve housing. Normally, filling tips are press fit into the outlet end to direct fluid into the container. The improvement here comprises an annular lip protruding downwardly at the outlet end and flaring outwardly for directing liquid into the container being filled, and a plurality of liquid discharge openings circumscribed by the annular lip at the outlet end for evenly dispersing liquid down and around the lip and against the sides of the container for accumulation therein without foaming. 
     The above-described design facilitates formation of the entire valve housing from a single unitary piece of stainless bar stock. 
     The process for manufacturing the valve housing from a single piece of stock is also disclosed, and this includes the following nine primary steps which combine to eliminate the need for separate machining and welding together of the cylindrical mid-section, port block section, and valve cap section as previously necessary with prior art valve bodies. The process includes a first exterior lathing step in which a solid cylindrical stainless bar stock is lathed to form an annular channel leaving a round lower mass of sufficient diameter to form port blocks, a second drilling step to form the reservoir and upwardly protruding neck, a third step to drill a passage through the neck, a fourth step to lathe four annular tiers subdividing the bottom mass, a fifth step by which the external dimensions of the valve and port block section are defined, a sixth drilling step to port blocks which results in pre-drilling and threading, a seventh step to complete the flange  4 , an eighth step to complete the outlet end by champfering the lip and machining oblong liquid discharge outlets, and finally, a ninth step to complete the valve housing by adding two stainless tubes. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an existing counter-pressure filling valve body of the type that is commercially available from Crown-Simplimatic Co. 
     FIG. 2 is a side cross-section of the prior-art counter-pressure filling valve of FIG.  1 . 
     FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a prior art adapter for eliminating tips as set forth in U.S. Pat. No. 5,141,135 to Nish et al. 
     FIGS. 4 and 5 are front and side perspective views of the one-piece tipless filling valve housing  1 , respectively, according to the present invention. 
     FIG. 6 is a top perspective view of the one-piece tipless valve housing  1  as in FIGS. 4-5. 
     FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the outlet end  12  of the one-piece tipless valve body  1  according to the present invention. 
     FIG. 8 is a cross-section of the outlet end  12  of the one-piece tipless valve body  1  as in FIG.  7 . 
     FIGS. 9-19 illustrate the respective stages of the machining process of the one-piece tipless valve housing  1 . 
     FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a unitary blank of conventional stainless steel bar stock. 
     FIG. 10 is a side-cross sectional drawing with major dimensions to illustrate the first operation, e.g., a lathing operation to define the general external extent of the valve body  10 . 
     FIG. 11 is a side-cross sectional drawing with major dimensions to illustrate the second operation, which is a boring operation to define channel  14 . 
     FIG. 12 is a side-cross sectional drawing with major dimensions to illustrate the third step, which is another boring operation to drill neck  10 . 
     FIG. 13 is a side-cross sectional drawing with major dimensions to illustrate the fourth step, which is further lathing around the bottom of valve body  2  to form four annular tiers subdividing the bottom. 
     FIGS. 14 and 15 are side perspective drawings showing the fifth step in which the lathed tiers at the bottom of valve body  2  are machined to form the port block section  11 . 
     FIG. 16 is a side cross-sectional drawing showing the sixth step which is a drilling sequence to port block section  11 . 
     FIG. 17 is a top perspective drawing showing the seventh step which is the machining of football-shaped flange  4 . 
     FIG. 18 is a bottom perspective drawing with dimensions illustrating the eighth step in which the four oblong liquid discharge outlets  16  are machined. 
     FIG. 19 is a side cross-section of the completed valve housing  2  illustrating a ninth step entailing the addition of the stainless tube  8  by press-fitting into the pre-drilled flange  4  and welding at the other end to the side-aperture  43  in port block  6 . 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     As described above, FIGS. 1 and 2 show a prior art valve body  10  that generally includes a cylindrical mid-section  16 , a port block section  11 , and a valve cap section  13 . The hollow cylindrical mid-section  16  merges into an integral radially extending bottom flange  18  that leads into a downwardly directed annular collar  22 . Collar  22  is angularly drilled and tapped to define a plurality of axial channels through which the beverage flows out of the hollow mid-section  16 . A discharge tip  28  is press-fit into each of the channels in the lower surface  24  of the collar  22 . The sizing and orientation of the nozzle tips  28  discharges and directs beverage into the can with the intent to minimizes foaming of the beverage. The manufacturing process is complex and results in an expensive end product. Moreover, weld lines  19  leave the valve body  10  more susceptible to breakage and/or bacterial contamination. 
     The improved valve design and process according to the present invention provides for the weldless manufacture of a improved valve housing for the same purpose, the new valve housing eliminating all welding and valve tips as described above. 
     FIGS. 4 and 5 are front and side perspective views of the one-piece tipless filling valve housing  1 , respectively, according to the present invention. As shown in FIGS. 4-6, filling valve housing  1  includes an upwardly protruding filling tube/neck  10  that supports a press-fit pipe  3  that is maintained in fluid communication with a counter-pressure gas supply of the filling machine. The counter pressure gas supply is kept at elevated pressure, typically nitrogen or carbon dioxide at 40-45 psi. 
     Filling valve housing I also includes a valve body  2  having an outlet end  12  from which the carbonated liquid is dispensed to a container. The outlet end  12  is provided with a downwardly curled annular lip  5  having internal screw threads for engaging various conventional bell housings. Each bell housing is typically adapted for receiving a particular type of container. 
     Filling valve housing  1  is upwardly attached to the filling machine by an integral flange  4 , and a pair of bore-holes  9  (not threaded) to allow screw-attachment by flange  4  to the filling machine. 
     The press-fit pipe  3  enters the neck  10  and valve body  2  centrally through an aperture that defines a filling reservoir  14 . Filling reservoir  14  is maintained in fluid communication with the liquid reservoir of the filling machine, and press-fit pipe  3  extends to a point above the level of liquid in reservoir  14 . The pipe  3  permits the flow of counter pressure gas through reservoir  14 . 
     Adjacent coupling blocks  6  and  7  protrude laterally from the side of valve body  2 , and both provide screw-threaded ports to the interior of valve housing  1 . In typical operation of a counter-pressure filling machine, coupling block  6  provides a screw-interface for an external snift valve that serves to monitor and release counter-pressure gas from the top of the can after the can has been filled with carbonated liquid. A stainless tube  8  leads from the interior of port  6  to flange  4  to provide a fluid coupling with the filling machine. 
     Coupling block  7  is also centrally bored and threaded for coupling to an external clean-in-place valve that is actuated to allow cleaning fluid to course through the valve housing  1 , thereby accomplishing a cleaning operation to kill bacteria in the filling machine. 
     FIG. 6 is a top perspective view of the one-piece tipless valve housing  1  as in FIGS. 4-5. The filling reservoir  14  in valve body  2  defines a central passage around the compressed gas tube  3  for dispensing of carbonated liquid. The liquid is dispensed through discharge openings  16  as seen at the bottom of reservoir  14 . Discharge openings  16  comprise four liquid outlets that are evenly disposed about the neck  10  of the compressed gas tube. Each discharge opening  16  is an oblong aperture spaced radially around the neck  10  at the bottom of reservoir  14 . The margin of flange  4  surrounding the filling reservoir  14  is recessed by a channel  15  sized to seat a rubber O-ring seal for a fluid-tight coupling with the filling equipment. 
     FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the outlet end  12  of the one-piece tipless valve body  1  according to the present invention. The discharge openings  16  are surrounded by a frustro-conical annular lip  18  that protrudes downwardly and flares outwardly for directing liquid into the can being filled. The four liquid discharge openings  16  are evenly disposed about a gas discharge aperture  13  (which leads downward from gas discharge tube  3 ) just inside the lip  18 . Pressurized gas is admitted to the can through gas discharge tube  3  and gas discharge aperture  13 . Once pressurized and filled with beverage, snifting of gas from the top of the can occurs via a small notch  17  which is machined in the frustro-conical lip  18 . 
     FIG. 8 is a cross-section of the outlet end  12  of the one-piece tipless valve body  1  as in FIG.  7 . With comparative reference back to the prior art valve body of FIGS. 1 and 2, the prior art valve incorporates a plurality of press fit tips  10 . Each tip  10  is a section of stainless pipe, and tips  10  are arranged to protrude downwardly by various lengths. Each tip  10  is fit into a bore-hole that must be drilled into the bottom of valve cap  2 . Tips  10  help to reduce foaming of the carbonated liquid. This is because the liquid is evenly dispersed at equal flow-rates through the multiple tips  10 , and tips  10  direct the liquid streams outward against the sides of the can for gentler accumulation therein. The present tipless valve housing  1  achieves the same benefit without the need for press-fit tips  10 . This is accomplished by the combination of the four oblong liquid discharge outlets  16  and frustro-conical lip  18 , the liquid discharge outlets  16  serving to evenly disperse liquid down and around the margins of lip  18  and into the can being filled. The inner hollow  14  of valve mid-section  2  is constricted toward the outlet end  12 , and the four oblong liquid discharge outlets  16  flow outward from the constricted inner hollow  14  through a cylindrical aperture  23  and into the recess formed by the frustro-conical lip  18 . The cylindrical aperture  23  is formed with a peripheral channel to seat a circular mesh filter screen  27 . Screen  27  can be inserted through the recess formed by the frustro-conical lip  18  and can be press-fit into the peripheral channel in aperture  23 . 
     Given the above-described configuration, carbonated liquid flows smoothly down the lip  18  and against the sides of the can for gentler accumulation therein. Moreover, the liquid discharge outlets  16  and lip  18  can be integrally formed during machining of the one-piece tipless valve housing  1 . Thus, all welding and press-fitting operations are eliminated as will be described. 
     FIGS. 9-19 illustrate the respective stages of the machining process of the one-piece tipless valve housing  1 . 
     As shown in FIG. 9, the process begins with a unitary blank of conventional stainless steel bar stock. 
     As shown in FIG. 10, the initial step is a lathing operation to define the general external extent of the valve body  10 . The lathing operation is preferably accomplished on a CNC lathe such as, for instance, a Hitachi Seiki Hitec-turn 20 CNC lathe or commercial equivalent. Lathing is completed such that the general external extent of the valve body  10  encompasses all three valve body sections that were traditionally welded together during later processing, namely, the mid-section, port block section and valve cap section. More specifically, the blank is lathed from the top to leave a short length of upwardly protruding neck  19  of approximately 0.314-0.343″ diameter to support the press-fit gas discharge tube  3 . This is stepped into a 3.874″ diameter round upper collar  24  (upper collar  24  later becomes flange  4 ), which in turn is stepped to a 1.042 inch wide by 0.875 inch deep channel  28  that is lathed into the stock adjacent the round upper collar  24 . Channel  28  is stepped to a large round lower mass  26  of sufficient diameter to form port blocks  6  and  7 , and lower mass  28  is stepped to a smaller round lower mass  29  of sufficient diameter to form the frustro-conical lip  18  at the outlet end  12 . 
     FIG. 11 is a side-cross sectional drawing with major dimensions to illustrate the second operation, which is a boring operation from the top to form reservoir  14  and to define the extent of the neck  19  for gas discharge tube  3  which protrudes coaxially upward through the center of reservoir  14 . As shown, the neck  19  for gas discharge tube  3  is tapered from top to bottom from approximately 0.312-0.314″ in diameter. A valve seat channel  38  is also machined as shown around reservoir  14 . 
     FIG. 12 is a side-cross sectional drawing with major dimensions to illustrate the third step, which is another boring operation to form the gas passage through neck  10 . This includes the boring of a constricted 0.10″ central passage completely through the neck  10  and entire valve body  2 , followed by opening both ends with an approximate 0.33″ bore leading into both the top and the bottom. 
     As seen in FIG. 13, further lathing takes place around the bottom of valve body  2  to form four annular tiers subdividing the bottom. The bottom of valve body  2  is lathed to form a larger diameter section  42 , a smaller diameter section  44 , a still lower and smaller diameter section  46 , and a lowest and smallest diameter section  48 . The respective diameters and vertical extent of each tier should be approximately 4.735 inches by 0.908 inches for the larger diameter section  42 , 3.760 inches by 0.709 inches for the diameter of section  44 , 3.250 inches by 0.390 inches for the diameter of section  46 , and 1.812 inches by 0.468 inches for the lowest and smallest diameter section  48 . 
     As seen in FIGS. 14 and 15, the lathed tiers at the bottom of valve body  2  are then machined to form the port block section  11 . Specifically, the larger diameter tier  42  is machined around approximately 330 degrees to leave a rectangular 0.890″ by 0.930″ by 1.209″ outward protrusion for port block  6 . Likewise, approximately 330 degrees of tier  44  is machined off to leave a rectangular 0.890″ by 0.725″ by 0.709″ outward protrusion for port block  7 , the two port blocks  6 ,  7  being contiguous. This machining is preferably accomplished with a CNC Machining Station such as, for instance, a commercially available 4 Axis CNC Vertical Machining Center (50 hp) for 60″×120″×40″ tooling, castings and weldments. 
     FIG. 16 is a side cross-sectional drawing of port block section  11  with the respective port blocks  6 ,  7  shown inclusive of drilling sequence and dimensions to illustrate how a threaded outlet port hole  60  and a threaded outlet port hole  70  are bored into the respective port blocks  6 ,  7  to form couplings for the filling machine. Both of port holes  60  and  70  are provided with valve seats to ensure a fluid-tight seal, and outlet port hole  60  is formed with a 0.265″ inner terminus while outlet port hole  70  is formed with a 0.156″ inner terminus. A 0.1580″ diameter coaxial bore  41  (shown in dotted lines) is then made from the bottom of lower flange  12  straight upward and through the inner terminus of both bore holes  60 ,  70  to connect the two pre-drilled port blocks  6 ,  7 . A side-aperture  43  is drilled into port block  6  to connect stainless tube  8 . After the port blocks  6 ,  7  are formed, the round upper collar  24  is machined to form the football-shaped flange  4 . 
     FIG. 17 is a top perspective drawing showing major dimensions to illustrate the machining of football-shaped flange  4 . The flange  4  is machined as shown around its periphery to provide a multi-featured irregularly-shaped profile, contour milled in accordance with the specifications shown in FIG. 17. A pair of non-threaded bore-holes  9  are then drilled through the opposing ears of flange  4  to allow screw-attachment via flange  4  to the filling machine. The third non-threaded bore-hole  11  is drilled in one ear of flange  4  to allow attachment at flange  4  of the stainless tube  8  which leads from the interior of port  6  to flange  4  to provide a fluid coupling with the filling machine. Bore-hole  11  is provided with an O-ring groove as shown to ensure a fluid -tight seal. The lowest and smallest diameter tier section  48  is lathed at the bottom to form annular lip  18 . Finally, the four oblong liquid discharge outlets  16  are machined into the bottom of the valve body  2  to evenly disperse liquid down and around the margins of lip  18 . 
     FIG. 18 is a bottom perspective drawing with dimensions illustrating how the four oblong liquid discharge outlets  16  are machined. First of all (and with further reference to FIG.  12 ), the bottom of the valve housing is chamfered inwardly to form a 1.712″ diameter discharge lip  18 . Discharge lip  18  flares outward from the four oblong liquid discharge outlets  16 . The four liquid discharge outlets  16  are evenly disposed about the gas discharge tube  3  just inside the lip  18 . The liquid discharge outlets  16  are each a 0.165″ wide oblong slot, and they are equally spaced about a 1.179″ circumference from the center. This particular arrangement of oblong slots with chamfered lip  18  evenly disperses liquid down and around the margins of lip  18 , and the need for costly valve tips is eliminated. 
     FIG. 19 is a side cross-section of the completed valve housing  2  illustrating the addition of the stainless tube  8  by press-fitting into the pre-drilled flange  4  and welding at the other end to the side-aperture  43  in port block  6 . In addition, a conventional gas discharge tube  3  is press-fit into the neck  10  of valve body  2 . Both of these are conventional components and are added in a conventional manner. 
     The primary steps of the above-described manufacturing process combine to eliminate the need for separate machining and welding together of the cylindrical mid-section, port block section, and valve cap section as previously necessary with prior art valve bodies. The essence of the process is the lathing of steel bar stock to form a plurality of annular tiers at least including an upper tier corresponding to the upward flange  4  and a lower tier corresponding to the port block section  11  protruding from the mid-section  2 , and then machining and reducing a major angular extent of the lower tier to leave the port block section  11  protruding from the mid-section  2 . In the further context of all steps necessary to manufacture a completed valve body, the process includes nine primary steps, including a first exterior lathing step (previously described with respect to FIG. 10) in which a solid cylindrical stainless bar stock is lathed to form an annular channel leaving a round lower mass  26  of sufficient diameter to form port blocks  6  and  7  plus bottom flange  12 , and an annular upper mass for forming flange  4 . A second drilling step is completed to form reservoir  14  and upwardly protruding neck  10  (previously described with respect to FIG.  11 - 12 ). A third step is another boring operation to drill a passage through neck  10 . A fourth step involves further external lathing (previously described with respect to FIG. 13, in which the lathing of four annular tiers  42 ,  44 ,  46  and  48  subdivide the bottom mass. A fifth step is the external cutting and finishing process (previously described with respect to FIGS. 14,  15 ) by which the external dimensions of the valve  2  and port block section  11  are defined. Here, the lathed tiers  42  and  44  are machined around approximately 330 degrees to leave the rectangular port blocks  6  and  7 . The next and sixth drilling step to port blocks  6 ,  7  results in pre-drilling and threading (FIG.  16 ). The seventh step completes the flange  4  (FIG.  17 ). The eighth step completes the outlet end  13  by champfering lip  18  and machining four oblong liquid discharge outlets  16 . Finally, the ninth step completes the valve housing  2 , and this involves adding the stainless tube  8  by press-fitting into the pre-drilled flange  4  and is welded at the other end to the side-aperture in port block  6 . In addition, a conventional gas discharge tube  3  is press-fit into the neck  10  of valve body  2 . 
     The above-described manufacturing process for a weldless and tipless valve housing is much simpler and results in a more cost-effective end product. Moreover, the absence of weld lines reduces breakage and bacterial contamination. Of course, the sequence of above-described steps may vary. 
     Having now fully set forth the preferred embodiments and certain modifications of the concept underlying the present invention, various other embodiments as well as certain variations and modifications of the embodiments herein shown and described will obviously occur to those skilled in the art upon becoming familiar with said underlying concept. It is to be understood, therefore, that the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically set forth in the following claims.