Abstract:
A server including a partitioning module and a transmit module. The partitioning module is configured to partition data at an application layer of the server, where the data is to be transmitted from the server to a handheld device concurrently via i) a first wireless link and ii) a second wireless link, and where the partitioning is performed in response to a rate of flow of data via i) the first wireless link or ii) the second wireless link. The partitioning module is configured to partition data, received from the application layer, at a session layer of the server into i) a first component and ii) a second component. The transmit module is configured to concurrently transmit from the server to the handheld device i) the first component via the first wireless link and ii) the second component via the second wireless link.

Description:
This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/974,493, filed on Oct. 27, 2004. The disclosure of the above application is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 
    
    
     FIELD 
     The present invention relates to networks; more particularly, the present invention relates to data transmission between two devices on a network. 
     BACKGROUND 
     With the proliferation of wireless handheld devices, such as personal digital assistants (PDAs) and smart phones, users are capable of communicating using voice and data communications. Thus, users may place a voice call via a cellular network and browse web pages via the cellular network or an 802.11 standard wireless network. 
     Often a user may need to download a large or complex web page via either the cellular or IEEE 802.11b and/or IEEE 802.11g standard link. Such a page may take to 20-30 seconds to download. Such download times may be excessive, especially if numerous pages need to be downloaded. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
       The invention is illustrated by way of example and not limitation in the figures of the accompanying drawings, in which like references indicate similar elements, and in which: 
         FIG. 1  illustrates one embodiment of a network; 
         FIG. 2  illustrates one embodiment of a device; 
         FIG. 3  illustrates a flow diagram for one embodiment of using multiple connections to download data; and 
         FIG. 4  illustrates a block diagram of one embodiment•of a computer system. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION 
     According to one embodiment, a method for using multiple links to download data to a handheld device is described. In the following description, numerous details are set forth. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art, that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form, rather than in detail, in order to avoid obscuring the present invention. 
     Reference in the specification to 11 one embodiment” or II an embodiment” means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the invention. The appearances of the phrase “in one embodiment” in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. 
     Some portions of the detailed descriptions that follow are presented in terms of algorithms and symbolic representations of operations on data bits within a computer memory. These algorithmic descriptions and representations are the means used by those skilled in the data processing arts to most effectively convey the substance of their work to others skilled in the art. 
     An algorithm is here, and generally, conceived to be a selfconsistent sequence of steps leading to a desired result. The steps are those requiring physical manipulations of physical quantities. Usually, though not necessarily, these quantities take the form of electrical or magnetic signals capable of being stored, transferred, combined, compared, and otherwise manipulated. It has proven convenient at times, principally for reasons of common usage, to refer to these signals as bits, values, elements, symbols, characters, terms, numbers, or the like. 
     It should be borne in mind, however, that all of these and similar terms are to be associated with the appropriate physical quantities and are merely convenient labels applied to these quantities. Unless specifically stated otherwise as apparent from the following discussion, it is appreciated that throughout the description, discussions utilizing terms such as “processing” or “computing” or “calculating” or “determining” or “displaying” or the like, refer to the action and processes of a computer system, or similar electronic computing device, that manipulates and transforms data represented as physical (electronic) quantities within the computer system&#39;s registers and memories into other data similarly represented as physical quantities within the computer system memories or registers or other such information storage, transmission or display devices. 
     The present invention also relates to apparatus for performing the operations herein. This apparatus may be specially constructed for the required purposes, or it may comprise a general-purpose computer selectively activated or reconfigured by a computer program stored in the computer. Such a computer program may be stored in a computer readable storage medium, such as, but is not limited to, any type of disk including floppy disks, optical disks, CD-ROMs, and magnetic-optical disks, read-only memories (ROMs), random access memories (RAMs), EPROMs, EEPROMs, magnetic or optical cards, or any type of media suitable for storing electronic instructions, and each coupled to a computer system bus. 
     The algorithms and displays presented herein are not inherently related to any particular computer or other apparatus. Various general-purpose systems may be used with programs in accordance with the teachings herein, or it may prove convenient to construct more specialized apparatus to perform the required method steps. The required structure for a variety of these systems will appear from the description below. In addition, the present invention is not described with reference to any particular programming language. It will be appreciated that a variety of programming languages may be used to implement the teachings of the invention as described herein. 
     The instructions of the programming language(s) may be executed by one or more processing devices (e.g., processors, controllers, control processing units (CPUs), execution cores, etc.). 
       FIG. 1  illustrates one embodiment of a network  100 . Network  100  includes a handheld device  110  coupled to a server  150  via two or more wireless communication links. For instance, data may be transmitted via radio frequency (RF) links  125  and  135 . In one embodiment, RF link  125  is a link conforming to an IEEE 802.11b and/or IEEE 802.11g standards connection that transmits and receives data to/from device  110  via an access point  120  in a wireless local loop. RF link  125  may be coupled to server  150  via various networks  115 . In a further embodiment, radio link  135  is a cellular connection (e.g., GSM, CDMA, etc.) that transmits and receives data to/from device  110  via cellular network access point  130 . Link  135  may also coupled to server  150  via networks  115 . 
     According to one embodiment, handheld device  110  uses both RF link  125  and RF link  135  to concurrently download an object, such as a file or web page, from server  150 .  FIG. 2  illustrates one embodiment of a system  200  implemented to transmit data via multiple links. In one embodiment, system  200  is incorporated at both sides of the data transaction. For example, system  200  is included at both handheld device  110  and server  120 . 
     Shown in system  200  is International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standard Open System Interconnection (OSI) model for supporting multiple applications over multiple radio links. System  200  includes application and session layer components that enable downloading data via multiple links. 
     Also, an additional OSI protocol stack is included for each additional radio link for which data is to be downloaded. For instance one of the stacks may be associated with link  125 , while the other is associated with link  135 . While system  200  shows two stacks that are used to download data via two radio links, one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that more than two (e.g., three or four) stacks may be included to support additional radio links. 
     According to one embodiment, the session layer includes a multiradio link manager  210 . Multi-radio link manager  210  identifies a transmission means for each application in the application layer. In particular, multi-radio link manager  210  multiplexes data from multiple applications into the multiple stacks. Multi-radio link manager  210  includes a coherent route manager  212  and a partition manager  215 . 
     Coherent route manager  212  ensures that there exist two concurrent and coherent routes between the source (e.g., server  150 ) and destination (e.g., device  110 ) pair. In one embodiment, the routes are secured through source routing. However, in other embodiments the routes may be secures by other means. 
     Partition manager  215  determines a policy to follow for partitioning. Partitioning may be facilitated according to various embodiments. For example, where n1 is the number of cells to be transferred via radio-link  125  and n2 number of cells to be transferred via radio-link  135  concurrently, performance based, cost based and power based partitioning may be implemented. 
     Performance based partitioning uses route-diversity to communicate a payload over larger bandwidth. For example, for a video communication all the critical frames (e.g. I and P frames) can be transmitted through one link and the other link may be used for transmitting additional quality related information (e.g. B frames). Also for reducing the average latency and increasing the throughput of transmission one will choose n1 and n2 such that (n1*L1+n2*L2)/(n1+n2) is minimized while (n1+n2)/(n1/BW1+n2/BW2) is maximized. 
     Cost based partitioning involves the payload being portioned such that overall billing for the user is minimized. For example, billing may be higher on a congested route (scarcity based billing). In the case of cost based partitioning n1 and n2 may be chosen such that (n1*Cost A +n2*Cost B ) is minimized, where Cost A , Cost B  represent billing rates over link-A and link-B. 
     Power based partitioning uses route-diversity so that lowerpower radio link carry higher payload than the high power consuming radio link. 
     System  200  also includes application level segmentation and reassembly (SAR) modules  220  at the application layer. SAR modules  220  partition and reassemble data payloads. For instance, since potentially one application (e.g., one stream of video) can be using more than one transport layer, the application should perform a segmentation and re-assembly of payloads coming through different transport layers. 
       FIG. 3  illustrates a flow diagram of one embodiment for concurrently transmitting data via multiple radio links. At processing block  310 , a route is established. Route establishment entails coherent routes being established by coherent route manager  212 . According to one embodiment, coherent route manager  212  is invoked by the application willing to use the service. 
     At processing block  320 , a partitioning method is established. Establishing a partitioning method (e.g., performance based, cost based and power based partitioning) includes applications approving of a partitioning method and communicating the selected method with partitioning manager  215 . In one embodiment, the partitioning method is controlled by the source of the data. However, in other embodiments, the partitioning method may be controlled by the destination where the destination requests the source to partition the data based upon the particular method. 
     At processing block  330 , data is transmitted. According to one embodiment, each transport layer will have its own flow control. However, if any route falls behind, the other application can detect it and perform repartitioning or application level flow control. At processing block  340 , a hand off takes place at the data link layer. Note that in other embodiments, the partitioning method and the coherency of routes may be re-evaluated following each handoff. 
       FIG. 4  is a block diagram of one embodiment of an electronic system  400 . The electronic system  400  illustrated in  FIG. 4  is intended to represent handheld device  110  and/or server  150 . Further, electronic system may represent a range of electronic systems including, for example, desktop computer systems, laptop computer systems, cellular telephones, personal digital assistants (PDAs) including cellular-enabled PDAs, set top boxes. Alternative computer systems can include more, fewer and/or different components. 
     Electronic system  400  includes bus  401  or other communication device to communicate information, and processor  402  coupled to bus  401  that may process information. While electronic system  400  is illustrated with a single processor, electronic system  400  may include multiple processors and/or coprocessors. Electronic system  400  further may include random access memory (RAM) or other dynamic storage device  404  (referred to as main memory), coupled to bus  401  and may store information and instructions that may be executed by processor  402 . Main memory  404  may also be used to store temporary variables or other intermediate information during execution of instructions by processor  402 . 
     Electronic system  400  may also include read only memory (ROM) and/or other static storage device  406  coupled to bus  401  that may store static information and instructions for processor  402 . Data storage device  407  may be coupled to bus  401  to store information and instructions. Data storage device  507  such as a magnetic disk or optical disc and corresponding drive may be coupled to electronic system  400 . 
     Electronic system  400  may also be coupled via bus  401  to display device  421 , such as a cathode ray tube (CRT) or liquid crystal display (LCD), to display information to a user. Alphanumeric input device  422 , including alphanumeric and other keys, may be coupled to bus  401  to communicate information and command selections to processor  402 . Another type of user input device is cursor control  423 , such as a mouse, a trackball, or cursor direction keys to communicate direction information and command selections to processor  402  and to control cursor movement on display  421 . Electronic system  400  further may include network interface(s)  430  to provide access to a network, such as a local area network. Network interface(s)  430  may include, for example, a wireless network interface having antenna  455 , which may represent one or more antenna(e). Antenna  455  may be a deployable antenna that is part of a removable card as described herein. 
     In one embodiment, network interface(s)  430  may provide access to a local area network, for example, by conforming to IEEE 802.11b and/or IEEE 802.11g standards, and/or the wireless network interface may provide access to a personal area network, for example, by conforming to Bluetooth standards. Other wireless network interfaces and/or protocols can also be supported. 
     IEEE 802.11b corresponds to IEEE Std. 802.11b-1999 entitled “Local and Metropolitan Area Networks, Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications: Higher-Speed Physical Layer Extension in the 2.4 GHz Band,” approved Sep. 16, 1999 as well as related documents. IEEE 802.11g corresponds to IEEE Std. 802.11g-2003 entitled “Local and Metropolitan Area Networks, Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications, Amendment 4: Further Higher Rate Extension in the 2.4 GHz Band,” approved Jun. 27, 2003 as well as related documents. Bluetooth protocols are described in “Specification of the Bluetooth System: Core, Version 1.1,” published Feb. 22, 2001 by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group, Inc. Associated as well as previous or subsequent versions of the Bluetooth standard may also be supported. 
     In addition to, or instead of, communication via wireless LAN standards, network interface(s)  430  may provide wireless communications using, for example, Time Division, Multiple Access (TDMA) protocols, Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) protocols, Code Division, Multiple Access (CDMA) protocols, and/or any other type of wireless communications protocol. 
     Whereas many alterations and modifications of the present invention will no doubt become apparent to a person of ordinary skill in the art after having read the foregoing description, it is to be understood that any particular embodiment shown and described by way of illustration is in no way intended to be considered limiting. Therefore, references to details of various embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the claims, which in themselves recite only those features regarded as essential to the invention.