Abstract:
A nonvolatile semiconductor memory device includes a plurality of first wordlines, a plurality of second wordlines coupled to memory cells, the second wordlines being assigned to each of memory sectors, a plurality of transistors each of which connects a first wordline to a second wordline, and a circuit for controlling the transistors in common. One of the first wordlines is connected to one of the second wordlines through one of the transistors. A circuit area for decoding is reduced and current consumption is minimized.

Description:
[0001]    This application relies for priority upon Korean Patent Applications Nos. 2000-40212, filed on Jul. 13, 2000 and 2000-68999, filed on Nov. 20, 2000, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.  
         FIELD OF THE INVENTION  
         [0002]    The invention generally relates to a semiconductor memory device and, more specifically, to a NOR-type flash memory device having a row decoder that occupies a smaller layout area over the memory device.  
         BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0003]    Semiconductor memory devices are classified into volatile and nonvolatile types. The volatile semiconductor memory devices cannot retain data stored in their memory cells when a power is turned off, while the nonvolatile memory devices hold their data even during a power-off period. The nonvolatile memory devices are useful for applications that require stable data retention facilities or for portable systems.  
           [0004]    As one of the nonvolatile memory devices, a NOR-type flash memory device employs EPROM (erasable and programmable read-only memory) cells, also referred to as flash EEPROM cells. The flash EEPROM cell is formed of a cell transistor as shown in FIG. 1. The cell transistor is typically constructed of n-type source and drain regions  2  and  3  formed in a p-type semiconductor substrate  1  or a bulk region and spaced apart from each other as shown. The cell transistor also includes a floating gate  4  formed over a channel region between the source and drain regions and a control data  5  stacked over the floating gate 4. The floating gate  4  is electrically isolated from the channel region through an oxide film, and an intermediate isolation film is interposed between the floating and control gates. The source region  2  is connected to a source line SL, and the drain region  3  is connected to a bitline BL. The control gate  5  is connected to a wordline WL.  
           [0005]    [0005]FIG. 2 shows a construction of a conventional NOR flash memory device. A memory cell array is divided into a plurality of memory sectors  10  each of which includes a plurality of the EEPROM cells arranged in a matrix of rows controlled by wordlines WLX where x=0,1 . . . m columns (controlled by bitlines not shown in FIG. 2.). A global wordline decoder  12  is arranged to select global wordlines GWL 0 ˜n extending over the memory sectors  10 , and a plurality of local decoder groups  14  are arranged to correspond with a plurality of the memory sectors  10 . Sector predecoders  16  are disposed to correspond with the local decoder groups  14  (and the memory sectors  10 ).  
           [0006]    The global wordlines are sourced or driven by the global wordline decoder  12 , with each of the global wordlines coupled to a plurality of local decoders in each row. The wordlines of each memory sector  10 , WL 0 ˜WLm, are subdivided into plural segments each of which in turn has plural wordlines (e.g., eight wordlines). Each of the local decoders is assigned to one of the segments of wordlines for each memory sector  10 . Therefore, the wordlines of a segment, e.g., WL 0 ˜WL 7 , are connected in common to their corresponding local decoder LD 1 ˜LDn. Each sector predecoder  16  applies selection signals S 1  (i=0˜8) to the local decoders LD 0 ˜LDn to charge a corresponding one of the memory sectors  10 .  
           [0007]    A typical local decoder (e.g. LD 0 ), as shown in FIG. 3, is constructed of units LDU 0 ˜LDU 7  each of which corresponds to one of the segmented wordlines WL 0 ˜WL 7 . A given unit, e.g. LDU 0 , is formed of a transmission gate TG 0  and a NMOS transistor MN 0  responsive to one of the global wordlines, e.g. GWL 0 . The transmission gates TG 0 ˜TG 7  transfer the selection signals S 0 ˜S 7  to the wordlines WL 0 ˜WL 7  in response to a signal (i.e. a global wordline decoding signal) on the global wordline GWL 0 , and the NMOS transistors MN 0 ˜MN 7  transfer an erasure voltage Vex to the wordlines WL 0 ˜WL 7  in response to the global decoding signal supplied through the global wordline GWL 0 .  
           [0008]    In programming and erasing the NOR flash device, bias voltages are supplied to the global wordlines, the segmented wordlines, and the selection signals as illustrated in TABLE 1 below.  
                                                                                                                   TABLE 1                                       GWL   Selected Sector                Operation       Unsel.   Sel.   Unsel.   Sel.   Unsel.       Unselected Sector            mode   Sel. WL   WL   Si   S 1     WL   WL   Vex   Si   WL   Vex               Program     9 V   0 V     9 V   0 V     9 V   0 V    0 V   0 V   0 V   0 V       Read-out   4.5 V   0 V   4.5 V   0 V   4.5 V   0 V    0 V   0 V   0 V   0 V       Erasure   −9 V   0 V   −9 V   −9 V   0 V   0 V   0 V                  
 
           [0009]    The programming operation is performed by selecting one of the global wordlines and one of the selection signals from the sector predecoders  16 . The selected global wordline, e.g., GWL 0 , is charged up to 9V while the unselected global wordlines GWL 1 ˜GWLn are set to 0V. The selected selection signal, e.g. S 0 , is charged to 9V while the unselected selection signals S 1 ˜S 7  are held to 0V. The erase voltage Vex is maintained at 0V during programming.  
           [0010]    Regarding the selected global wordline GWL 0  with the bias conditions shown in TABLE 1, the transmission gates TG 0 ˜TG 7  are turned on while the NMOS transistors MN 0 ˜MN 7  are turned off. Then, the activated selection signal S 0  of 9V is driven into the wordline WL 0  through the transmission gate TG 0 , while the other wordlines WL 1 ˜WL 7  (deselected) are connected to the selection signals S 1 ˜S 7  of 0V through the transmission gates TG 1 ˜TG 7 . As for the unselected global wordlines GWL 1 ˜GWLn, their corresponding wordlines are connected to the erase voltage Vex of 0V (inactive) through the NMOS transistors MN 0 ˜MN 7  while the transmission gates TG 0 ˜TG 7  are being turned off.  
           [0011]    The read-out operation is performed at 4.5V, instead of 9V in the programming operation. The 4.5V read-out voltage is established on the selected global wordline GWL 0  and on selection signal S 0 .  
           [0012]    The erase operation is carried out sector by sector. Memory cells in a sector are erased in a unit cycle of the erasure operation. As shown in TABLE 1, the global wordlines GWL 0 ˜GWLn are charged to −9V and the selection signals S 0 ˜S 7  are set to 0V. The erase −9V Vex voltage is applied to the local decoders. The transmission gates TG 0 ˜TG 7  are turned off while the NMOS transistors MN 0 ˜MN 7  are turned on to drive Vex of −9V onto the wordlines WL 0 ˜WL 7 . Then, the wordlines of a selected sector are charged to the −9V bias voltage.  
           [0013]    However, the local decoder shown in FIG. 3 needs three MOS transistors, including two for the transmission gate, to operate one wordline for programming, reading-out, and erasing. As a result, the circuit area occupied by the local row decoders undesirable increases the layout dimension and chip size.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0014]    Accordingly, it is an object of the invention to provide a nonvolatile semiconductor memory device having row decoders that occupy a smaller area therein.  
           [0015]    In order to achieve the object of the invention, a nonvolatile semiconductor memory device includes a plurality of first wordlines, a plurality of second wordlines coupled to memory cells, the second wordlines being assigned to each of memory sectors, a plurality of transistors each of which connects the first wordline to the second wordline, and a circuit for controlling the transistors in common. One of the first wordlines is connected to one of the second wordlines through one of the transistors.  
           [0016]    The transistor is a depletion type having a negative threshold voltage. The device also has a redundant memory sector formed of a plurality of redundant memory cells which are coupled to redundant wordlines, the redundant wordlines being each connected to the first wordlines through corresponding transistors, and a circuit for controlling the transistors in common.  
           [0017]    A decoding circuit for selecting the first wordlines includes a loop (by which is meant the fuse  126  that is arranged parallel with a VERn-gated transistor  127  in FIG. 5) to isolate the first wordline from a voltage source when the first wordline is involved in a defective cell. The decoding circuit includes an electrical path to set the first wordline at a predetermined voltage level even when the first wordline is involved in the defective cell.  
           [0018]    Another aspect of the invention involves further reducing current consumption for pumping high voltages. A nonvolatile semiconductor memory device includes a plurality of first wordlines, a plurality of second wordlines coupled to the memory cells, the second wordlines being assigned to a corresponding one of the memory sectors, a first group of transistors for connecting a first group of the first wordlines to a first group of the second wordlines, a second group of transistors for connecting a second group of the first wordlines to a second group of the second wordlines, a first circuit for controlling the first group of the transistors in common, and a second circuit for controlling the second group of the transistors in common. One of the first wordlines is connected to one of the second wordlines through one of the transistors. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0019]    For a better understanding of the invention, and to show how embodiments of the same may be carried into effect, reference will now be made, by way of example, to the accompanying diagrammatic drawings, in which:  
         [0020]    [0020]FIG. 1 is a sectional diagram of a conventional EEPROM cell;  
         [0021]    [0021]FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a conventional flash memory device;  
         [0022]    [0022]FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of a local decoder shown in FIG. 2;  
         [0023]    [0023]FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a flash memory device according to the invention;  
         [0024]    [0024]FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram of the global wordline decoder shown in FIG. 4;  
         [0025]    [0025]FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram of a normal sector selector shown in FIG. 4;  
         [0026]    [0026]FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram of a redundant sector selector shown in FIG. 4; and  
         [0027]    [0027]FIG. 8 is a block diagram of a flash memory device according to another embodiment of the invention. 
     
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT  
       [0028]    Referring to FIG. 4, a memory cell array of the invented memory device is divided into a plurality of memory sectors, e.g.  100   a  and  100   b.  Together with the memory sectors, one or more redundant memory sectors  100   c  are also provided in the memory cell array for ‘repairing’ defective memory cells, as is known. Each of the sectors is constructed of a plurality of memory cells arranged in a matrix of rows (or wordlines) and columns (or bitlines). A plurality of global wordlines GWL 10 ˜GWLn extend from global wordline decoder  120  through the normal memory sectors  100   a  and  100   b  and the redundant memory sector  100   c.  Local decoders  140   a - 140   c  are arranged by each of the sectors  100   a - 100   c  to drive local wordlines WL 0 ˜WLn. The number of the global wordlines GWL 0 ˜GWLn is identical to that of the local wordlines WL 0 ˜WLn.  
         [0029]    Each of the local decoders has a plurality of switching transistors M 0 ˜Mn, which preferably are made of high-voltage adaptable NMOS depletion transistors. The switching transistors M 0 ˜Mn connect the global wordlines GWL 0 ˜GWLn to the local wordlines  18  WLn in the local decoder  140   a  or  140   b  and also connect the global wordlines to redundant wordlines RWL 0 ˜RWLn in the local decoder  140   c.  The gates of the switching transistors M 0 ˜Mn belonging to one local decoder are commonly coupled to their corresponding selection signal (e.g. SWSa) generated by a corresponding sector selection circuit (e.g.  160   a ). Gates of the switching transistors of the local decoder  140   b  are coupled to selection signal SWSb generated from sector selection circuit  160   b,  and gates of the switching transistors of the local decoder  140   c  are coupled to selection signal RSWS generated from sector selection circuit  160   c.  The local decoder  140   c  and the redundant sector selection circuit  160   c  are provided to operate the redundant memory sector  100   c.    
         [0030]    The global wordline decoder unit  120  is constructed as shown in FIG. 5. The unit of FIG. 5 corresponds to one global wordline, the others being nearly identical in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention. A NOR gate  129  receives wordline disable signal WLd and an output of a NAND gate  128  that receives decoded signals D 1  from a row predecoder (not shown). A PMOS transistor  121  connects a program voltage Vpx to node N 1  in response to a gating voltage Vpg. Between the node N 1  and a ground are NMOS transistors  123  and  124  connected in series. The gate of the NMOS transistor  124  is coupled to decoded signal Dj also supplied from the row predecoder. The node N 1  is also coupled to gates of a pair of PMOS and NMOS transistors  122  and  125 . The PMOS transistor  122  is connected between the program voltage Vpx and one of the global wordlines GWL (i=0−n). The NMOS transistor  125  is connected to erase voltage Vex through a fuse  126 . Between both ends of the fuse  126 , an NMOS transistor  127  is connected, the transistor&#39;s gate being coupled to a negative erase voltage VERn.  
         [0031]    The PMOS transistor  122  transfers the program voltage Vpx into the corresponding global wordline during a programming operation, and the NMOS transistor  125  supplies the erase voltage Vex during an erasing operation, in response to the logic states of the decoded signals Di and Dj. The fuse  126  and the NMOS transistor  127  prevent supply of an erase voltage onto a global wordline that may be connected with one or more defective memory cells, during an erasing operation.  
         [0032]    For programming or read-out operation, the output of the NAND gate  128  is set at a low level and Dj turns on the NMOS transistor  124 . As the inputs of the NOR gate  129  are all at low levels, the node N 1  assumes a low level and thereby Vpx is driven onto the global wordline selected therein. With the unselected global wordline (WLd at a logic high level), regardless of whether the output of the NAND gate  128  or Dj is high level or low level, the node N 1  goes to high level and thereby Vex is connected to the unselected global wordline through the NMOS transistor  125 . The configurations of voltages and signals which are applied into the global wordlines according to various operational modes are summarized in TABLEs 2 and 3 below.  
                                                                 TABLE 2                           Operation   GWL   Selected Sector   Unselected Sector            mode   Sel.   Unsel.   SWSi   Sel. GWL   Unsel. GWL   SWSi   Sel. WL   Unsel. WL               Program     9 V   0 V     9 V     9 V   0 V    0 V   0 V   ˜| Vtmp                                       |       Read-out   4.5 V   0 V   4.5 V   4.5 V   0 V   0 V   0 V   ˜| Vtmp                                       |       Erase   −9 V   0 V   −9 V   −11 V   Floating                  
 
         [0033]    As mentioned above, since the global wordlines are arranged in correspondence with the local wordlines and a given memory sector, it is possible to substitute the global wordlines with the redundant wordlines RWL 0 ˜RWLn, using the global decoder as shown in FIG. 5, in order not to select a defective cell during programming, reading, or erasing. If there is a defect in a cell associated with one of the global wordlines, the fuse  126  involved in the defective global wordline is blown or opened. The wordline disable signal WLd goes to a  5 high level and the voltage signal VERn becomes high level (or Vcc) as shown in TABLE 3, during the programming and read-out operation modes.  
                                                                 TABLE 3                           Operation       Fuse&#39;s not Blown   Fuse&#39;s Blown            mode   Vpx   Vex   Vpg   VERn   Sel. WL   Unsel. WL   Sel. GWL   Unsel. GWL               Program     9 V     0 V     9 V   Vcc     9 V   0 V   0 V   0 V       Read-out   4.5 V     0 V   4.5 V   Vcc   4.5 V   0 V   0 V   0 V       Erase     0 V   −9 V   −9 V   −9 V   −9 V   0 V                  
 
         [0034]    Thus, the NMOS transistor  123  is turned off without regard to the states of the decoded signals Di and Dj, and thereby the defective global wordline is connected to Vex. In the erasure operation mode, the signal VERn is set on a negative voltage level, e.g. −9V, to turn the NMOS transistor  127  off in order to prevent supply of Vex to the defective global wordline. Undesirable supply of Vex to the defective global wordline during the erasure operation mode causes an over-erasure for memory cells coupled to the local wordline which is connected to the defective global wordline. Such an over-erasure may result in a program failure due to leakage current flow by charges on a bitline through the over-erased memory cells.  
         [0035]    Referring to FIG. 6, the sector selection circuit  160   a  (or  160   b ) generates sector selection signal SWSa (or SWSb) that is charged to Vpx or Vexm in response to sector enable signal SECTi, redundant sector enable signal RSECT, and erasure enable signal ERA. A NAND gate  163  receives an output of NOR gate  162  the inputs of which include an inverted version of SECTi and RSECT, and the erasure enable signal ERA. The output of the NOR gate  162  and ERA are applied to OR gate  164 . Outputs from the NAND and OR gates  163  and  164  are applied to NAND gate  165  whose output is applied to a level shifter  167 . An output of the level shifter  167 , node N 2 , is applied to the gates of PMOS and NMOS transistors  171  and  172 . The PMOS transistor  171  is connected between Vpx and SWSa (or SWSb), and the NMOS transistor  172  is connected between SWSa (or SWSb) and Vexm. Vexm is a negative voltage applied to the local decoder assigned to a selected memory sector in the erasure operation mode. Vexm is supplied from a level shifter (not shown, as will be understood.  
         [0036]    If RSECT is low level (i.e. the redundant memory sector is not selected) and SECTi and ERA are high levels, in order to select an alternative one of the memory sectors, then the NMOS transistor  172  is turned on and thereby the selection signal SWSa (or SWSb) is driven with Vexm. While in an unselected state (i.e. the redundant memory sector is not selected), when RSECT and SECTi are low levels and ERA is high level, the PMOS transistor  171  is turned on and thereby SWSa (or SWSb) is connected to Vpx. The selection signal SWSa (or SWSb) has different voltage levels in accordance with the logic states of selection. Namely, in the erasure operation mode, for example, the selection signal SWSa is set to Vexm at about −11V when its corresponding memory sector  100   a  is selected, while the selection signal SWSb remains at 0V because its corresponding memory sector  100   b  is not selected.  
         [0037]    Referring to FIG. 7, the redundant sector selection circuit  160   c  responds to the redundant sector enable signal RSECT and the erasure enable signal ERA to generate the redundant sector selection signal RSWS. RSECT and ERA are applied to NAND gate  173  and to OR gate  174 . The output of a NAND gate  175  (receiving outputs from the gates  173  and  174 ) is applied to a level shifter  177  whose output node N 3  is coupled to a pair of PMOS and NMOS transistors  181  and  182 . The PMOS transistor  181  is connected between Vpx and RSWS, and the NMOS transistor  182  is connected between RSWS and Vexm. During the programming and read-out operation modes, an alternative one of Vpx and Vexm is driven onto RSWS in response to a selection state determined by RSECT and ERA.  
         [0038]    Now, referring to FIGS. 5 through 7 and to TABLEs  2  and  3 , explanations for the read-out, programming and erasure operations will proceed with the assumption that the memory sector  100   a  is selected while the memory sector  100   b  is not selected.  
         [0039]    In the programming/read-out operation mode (hereinafter, “/” means “or”), and assuming that the global wordline GWL 0  is selected, GWL is charged to 9V (for programming)/4.5V (for reading-out) while the unselected global wordlines GWL 1 ˜GWLn are set on 0V. The sector selection circuit  160   a  generates SWSa of 9V/4.5V while the other sector selection circuit  160   b  generates SWSb of 0V. Thus, the 9V/4.5V level, which is the wordline voltage for programming/reading-out a selected memory cells, is applied to the local wordline WL 0  from the selected global wordline GWL 0  through the switching transistor M 0 . If the fuse  126  has been blown by the presence of a defective global wordline, the selected global wordline is connected to Vex of 0V through the NMOS transistor  127 . Such a biasing for the defective global wordline with 0V secures a stable operation over other memory cells (not defective) coupled to the defective global wordline. Meanwhile, at the local decoder  140   b  that is assigned to the unselected memory sector  100   b , since gate voltages of the switching transistor of the depletion type are 0V, the wordline WL 0  of the local decoder  140   b  is charged up to the absolute threshold value ½Vtnp½ of the depletion transistor M 0 . But, it will be understood that there is no influence to the programming and reading operations due to the charging of the unselected WL 0 . This is because a column decoder corresponding to the unselected memory sector  100   b  is held in a disable state.  
         [0040]    In the erasure operation mode in which one cycle of erasure effects erasure by sector, all of the global wordlines GWL 0 ˜GWLn are charged to −9V and then the local wordlines of the selected memory sector  100   a  are set to −9V. The local wordlines of the unselected memory sector  100   b  are floated (i.e. unbiased). The selected sector selection circuit  160   a  generates SWSa of 0V to transfer the −9V (Vex) into the local wordlines WL 0 ˜WLn of the selected sector  100   a  through the switching transistors M 0 ˜Mn. If the fuse  126  has been blown by the presence of a defective global wordline, the erasure voltage Vex of −9V is not applied to the defective global wordline because the NMOS transistor  127  is turned off by VERn of −9V. While the erasure operation progresses through the memory cells of the selected sector  100   a,  it needs to prevent the Vex of −9V from being applied onto the local wordlines assigned to the unselected memory sector  100   b.  For that purpose, the sector selection circuit  160   b  for the unselected sector  100   b  generates SWSb having the −11 V voltage level of Vexm corresponds to a −2V threshold voltage of the depletion switching transistor. The depletion switching transistors of the unselected local decoder  140   b  are all turned off by SWSb of −11V, which causes the unselected local wordlines to float and causes Vex not to be input to them. Operations with the redundant sector  100   c  and its surrounding circuitry are similar to those with the aforementioned during the programming, read-out, or erasure operation modes in the case of that the fuse  126  of the global wordline decoder  120  is not blown. But if the fuse  126  has been blown in the global wordline decoder  120  of FIG. 6, as shown in the TABLE 3, there is no supply of effective programming, read-out or erase voltages either to the selected or unselected global wordlines.  
         [0041]    [0041]FIG. 8 shows another embodiment of the local decoders and the sector selection circuit. The local decoder (e.g.,  140   a  of FIG. 4) is divided into two sections  140   ae  and  140   ao , i.e. even and odd sections. The even section  140   ae  is assigned to even-numbered local wordlines WL 0 , WL 2 , . . . , and WLn- 1  while the odd section  140   ao  is assigned to odd-numbered local wordlines WL 1 , WL 3 , . . . , and WLn. The even-numbered local wordlines WL 0 , WL 2 , . . . , and WLn- 1  are connected to the even-numbered global wordlines GWL 0 , GWL 2 , . . . , and GWLn- 1  through the even-numbered depletion switching transistors M 0 , M 2 , . . . , and Mn- 1 , respectively. The odd-numbered local wordlines WL 1 , WL 3 , . . . , and WLn are connected to the even-numbered global wordlines GWL 1 , GWL 3 , . . . , and GWLn through the even-numbered depletion switching transistors M 1 , M 3 , . . . , and Mn, respectively. The selection circuit  160   a ′ generates two selection signals SWSae and SWSao respectively assigned to the sections  140   ae  and  140   ao . SWSae is coupled to gates of the even-numbered depletion switching transistors M 0 , M 2 , . . . , and Mn- 1 , and SWSao is coupled to gates of the odd-numbered depletion switching transistors M 1 , M 3 , . . . , and Mn. The arrangement shown in FIG. 8 may provide a topological or routing margin in disposing the decoders, in the case of a very narrow wordline pitch. When in the programming/read-out operation mode the even-numbered wordlines are selected, SWSae is set on 9V/4.5V while SWSao is held at 0V for the unselected odd-numbered wordlines, reducing the burden of pumping the voltages.  
         [0042]    As described above, since the local decoder of the invention employs one depletion transistor to connect a global wordline to a local wordline, the circuit area required for constructing decoders is reduced to lighten a burden of layout design. Furthermore, sectional disposition of the even and the odd local decoders and sector selection circuits reduces current consumption in the memory device, as well as providing topological margin in designing the circuit architecture.  
         [0043]    This invention may be embodied in different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.