Abstract:
Computerized system and method for controlling an internal combustion engine are provided. The system includes a speed-setting device operable to supply a signal indicative of a desired engine speed. A speed sensor is coupled to the engine to supply a signal indicative of the actual speed of the engine. An electronic control unit is coupled to receive the respective signals indicative of desired engine speed and actual engine speed. The control unit in turn includes a comparator configured to compare the respective signals indicative of desired and actual engine speed relative to one another and supply a comparator output signal based on the magnitude of any differences therebetween. A processor is responsive to the comparator output signal to adjust one or more engine operational parameters of the engine. The one or more engine operational parameters are responsive to respective control signals from the control unit to affect actual engine speed to reduce within a predefined range the magnitude of the differences between the actual and desired engine speed. In a marine vessel such differences being generally caused due to load changes, such as may result from varying conditions of the water surface where the vessel travels, or from cargo redistribution relative to the center of gravity of the vessel, or both.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention is generally related to control of internal combustion engines, and, more particularly, the present invention is related to system and method for electronically controlling engine speed in vessels equipped with electronic fuel injection. 
     Vessels may be operated on large bodies of water, which may not be calm. For several reasons, such as fuel economy, passenger comfort or safety, equipment service life, etc., a cruising vessel may not be operated at a high rate of speed. Many times, water surface conditions, and not total available propulsion engine power, dictate the fastest practical vessel speed that may be achieved in the vessel. 
     Often traversing waves, ocean swells, variable ocean currents, depending on their magnitude and direction may cause undesirable fluctuations in vessel speed and consequently change the load on the propulsion engine, which in turn causes changes in engine speed. Changes of cargo distribution relative to the center of gravity of the vessel may also affect vessel speed. Further, changes in engine speed may affect power output at a given throttle setting for various reasons and aggravate the amount of change in engine speed and therefore vessel speed. Maintaining a constant or nearly constant cruising vessel speed is usually desirable but unfortunately may be difficult to achieve. Under some known techniques, the engine speed control desired to achieve a constant vessel speed may ,be attempted by manual adjustment of the throttle lever at the helm of the vessel. At best such techniques may only be partly effective since they may require human intervention, such as helmsman&#39;s observation of engine speed meters, e.g., tachometers, in conjunction with manual adjustment of the throttle lever. 
     As will be understood by those skilled in the art, most modern relatively large marine engines for pleasure boats and other marine vessels may be operated from a helm station using remote engine controls with throttle and shift engine control inputs conveyed to the engine by mechanical push-pull cables. Unfortunately, even relatively minor variations in control mechanisms, control cables, control cable routing, and engine throttle control linkages, and the adjustments thereof can collectively result in substantial differences in mechanical efficiency between the remote control lever and the engine&#39;s input signal device. Thus, in the case of known automated engine speed controllers, since these controllers generally rely on mechanically adjusting the respective throttle lever and throttle valve and associated cabling, these automated controllers tend to be expensive and unaffordable in small boat applications and subject to the above-described difficulties of having to provide mechanical control to a relatively inaccurate system. 
     In view of the foregoing issues, it should be appreciated that remote control of throttle lever position by mechanically controlling lever or handle position, either manually or automatically, can become unwieldy since such lever may have unsteady throttle control input and may fail to provide constant engine speed control. Thus, it is desirable to overcome the disadvantages of presently available remote engine control systems and to accurately control engine speed by utilizing microprocessor-based system and techniques to compare actual engine speed relative to a desired engine speed and adjust engine power output electronically, thus achieving substantially constant engine speed by electronically controlling engine power independent of the respective primary throttle control input signal supplied to each engine. It is believed that achieving substantially constant engine speed should result in less fluctuation of vessel speed regardless of ocean conditions. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Generally speaking, the foregoing needs are fulfilled by providing in one aspect of the present invention a computerized system for controlling an internal combustion engine. The system comprises a speed-setting device operable to supply a signal indicative of a desired engine speed. A speed sensor is coupled to the engine to supply a signal indicative of the actual speed of the engine. An electronic control unit is coupled to receive the respective signals indicative of desired engine speed and actual engine speed. The control unit in turn comprises a comparator configured to compare the respective signals indicative of desired and actual engine speed relative to one another and supply a comparator output signal based on the magnitude of any differences therebetween. A processor is responsive to the comparator output signal to adjust one or more engine operational parameters of the engine. The one or more engine operational parameters are responsive to respective control signals from the control unit to affect engine speed to reduce within a predefined range the magnitude of the differences between the actual and desired engine speed. 
     The present invention further fulfills the foregoing needs by providing in another aspect thereof a computer-readable medium encoded with computer program code for controlling a marine internal combustion engine responsive to a signal indicative of a desired engine speed. The engine has a speed sensor coupled to supply a respective speed sensor signal indicative of the actual speed of engine. The program code causes a computer to execute a method that allows for comparing the respective signals indicative of desired and actual engine speed relative to one another to supply a signal based on the magnitude of any differences therebetween. A processing step allows for processing the signal based on the magnitude of the differences between actual and desired engine speed to adjust one or more engine operational parameters of the engine. The method further allows for generating respective control signals to cause the one or more engine operational parameters to affect engine speed so as to maintain the actual engine speed within a predefined range relative to the desired engine speed. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 is a side view of an exemplary marine propulsion device that may benefit from the present invention; 
     FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of an exemplary cylinder and associated components including an electronic control unit embodying one aspect of the present invention; 
     FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating further details regarding the electronic control unit shown in FIG. 2; and 
     FIG. 4 is a flow chart illustrating exemplary steps that may be executed with the electronic control unit of FIGS. 2 and 3. 
    
    
     Before any embodiment of the invention is explained in detail, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited in its application to the details of construction and the arrangements of components set forth in the following description or illustrated in the drawings. The invention is capable of other embodiments and of being practiced or being carried out in various ways. Also, it is to be understood that the phraseology and terminology used herein is for the purpose of description and should not be regarded as limiting. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     An exemplary marine propulsion device  10  that may benefit from the engine speed control techniques of the present invention is illustrated in FIG.  1 . The marine propulsion device  10  includes an outboard drive unit  14  adapted to be mounted to the transom  18  of a boat for pivotal tilting movement relative thereto about a generally horizontal tilt axis  22  and for pivotal steering movement relative thereto about a generally vertical steering axis  26 . The drive unit  14  includes a propeller shaft  30  having a propeller  34  fixed thereto. In one exemplary embodiment, drive unit  14  also includes a direct fuel-injected, two-stroke internal combustion engine  38  drivingly connected to the propeller shaft  30  by a standard drive train  42 . Engine  38  may be a six-cylinder V-type engine. It should be understood, however, that the invention is applicable to other types of engines with any number of cylinders and including four-stroke engines. It should be further understood that the present invention need not be limited to outboard drives since other types of marine propulsion devices, such as stern drives, could also benefit from the present invention. 
     FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary construction of a multi-cylinder engine embodying the present invention. For the sake of clarity and brevity only one cylinder  46  of the multi-engine device is illustrated in FIG.  2 . The engine includes a crankcase  50  defining a crankcase chamber  54  and having a crankshaft  58  rotatable therein. An engine block  62  defines the cylinder  46 , which has a longitudinal axis  66  and an upper end (the upper end in FIG.  2 ). The engine block  62  also defines respective intake ports communicating with the cylinder  46 . Each of the ports communicates with the crankcase chamber  54  via a respective transfer passage  82  (one shown in FIG.  2 ). The engine block  62  also defines an exhaust port  86  which communicates with the cylinder  46  and which may be located diametrically opposite one of the intake ports. 
     The engine also includes a piston  90  having a generally cylindrical body reciprocally moveable in the cylinder  46  along the axis  66 . The piston  90  is drivingly connected to the crankshaft  58  by a connecting rod  94 . The engine also includes a cylinder head  110  including a lower surface portion  114  closing the upper end of the cylinder  46  so as to define a combustion chamber  118  between the piston upper surface  98  and the cylinder head lower surface portion  114 . When the piston  90  is at top dead center, the piston upper surface  98  is spaced a predetermined distance from the cylinder head lower surface portion  114 . The cylinder head lower surface portion  114  extends generally perpendicular to the cylinder axis  66  and has therein an upwardly extending recess or dome  122 . The cylinder head lower surface portion  114  surrounding the recess  122  is concave and is complementary with the piston upper surface  98 . It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that in general recess  122  need not be centered on the cylinder axis. For example, the recess could be configured as an asymmetrical recess relative to the cylinder axis, provided the squish area and the volume defined by such non-symmetrical recess remain the same relative to the corresponding parameters of the symmetrical recess. 
     The engine also includes a fuel injector  126  mounted on the cylinder head  110  for injecting fuel into the upper end of the recess  122 . The fuel injector  126  creates a cone  130  of fuel spray surrounded by a volume of fuel vapor, the cone  130  being centered on the cylinder axis  66 . The engine  38  also includes a spark plug  142  which is mounted on the cylinder head  110  and which extends into the recess  122 . In the illustrated construction, the spark plug  142  extends along a plug axis  146  which is located in the plane of the cone axis  134 . Also, the spark plug  142  is located directly above the intake port  74 . The spark plug  142  includes a spark gap  150  located outside the fuel spray cone  130  and within the fuel vapor volume, so that the spark plug  142  initially ignites fuel vapor rather than directly igniting the fuel spray. Ignition is timed so that the spark plug  142  ignites the fuel spray before the fuel spray strikes the piston upper surface  98 . The engine also includes a source of fuel, i.e. a fuel tank, and a fuel supply system (not shown) for supplying fuel to the various fuel injectors of each engine. The fuel supply system may include a fuel pump communicating between the fuel tank and the fuel injectors in fashion well-understood by those skilled in the art. 
     It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the fuel injector described above is one example of a type of injector commonly referred to as single fluid, direct fuel injection delivery. Another type of injector uses a high pressure pump for pressurizing a high pressure line to deliver fuel to the fuel injector through a fuel rail that delivers fuel to each injector. A pressure control valve may be coupled at one end of the fuel rail to regulate the level of pressure of the fuel supplied to the injectors to maintain a substantially constant pressure thereat. The pressure may be maintained by dumping excess fuel back to the vapor separator through a suitable return line. The fuel rail may incorporate nipples that allow the fuel injectors to receive fuel from the fuel rail. Thus, in this case, it is believed that a substantially steady pressure differential—as opposed to a pressure surge—between the fuel rail and the nipples causes the fuel to be injected into the fuel chamber. Another example of direct fuel injection is a dual-fluid injection system that could be used include those that include a compressor or other compressing means configured to provide the source of gas under pressure to effect injection of the fuel to the engine, that is, fuel injectors that deliver a metered individual quantity of fuel entrained in a gas. It is to be understood, however, that the present invention is not limited to any particular type of direct fuel injector. 
     As will be described below, an electronic control unit  150  generates one or more electronic control signals respectively supplied to each injector, spark plug and other components of the fuel injection system so as to adjust one or more engine parameters able to influence engine speed. The engine parameters may include by way of example and not of limitation, fuel value, i.e., amount of fuel delivered per unit of time, timing of fuel injection relative to crankshaft position, duration of fuel injection, and timing of ignition relative to crankshaft position. It will be appreciated that crankshaft position may be determined by any standard crankshaft position sensor coupled to supply a signal indicative of crankshaft position in fashion well-understood by those of ordinary skill in the art. For example, this signal allows for determining the respective cycle each piston/cylinder is actually in, that is, it allows for quantifying relative positioning of each piston as each piston reciprocates between top and bottom dead center positions. Thus, by electronically adjusting the values of one or more of such engine operational parameters in the engine one may reduce the magnitude of any differences between a desired engine speed and the actual engine speed so as to maintain the actual engine speed within a predefined range relative to the desired engine speed. For example, if the engine is commanded to run at a desired speed of 990 RPM and the actual engine speed is running at 1010 RPM, and assuming the predefined range is plus/minus 5 RPM, then in one exemplary control strategy one would lower the power output of the engine to adjust the actual speed in a range from 985 RPM to 995 RPM. 
     FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary block diagram of a computerized system for controlling an internal combustion engine. A speed-setting device  151  is operable to supply a signal indicative of a desired engine speed. A speed sensor  152  is coupled to the engine to supply a respective speed sensor signal indicative of the actual speed of the engine. As shown in FIG. 3, an electronic control unit  150  is coupled to receive the signals indicative of desired and actual engine speed. 
     The electronic unit may comprise a comparator  154  configured to compare the respective signals indicative of desired and actual engine speed relative to one another and supply a comparator output signal based on the magnitude of any differences between the desired and actual engine speed. A processor  156  is responsive to the comparator output signal to adjust one or more of the engine operational parameters of the engine. As suggested above, the engine operational parameters are responsive to control signals generated by the control unit to affect (increase, decrease or neither) the actual engine speed to reduce the magnitude of the differences in order to maintain the actual engine speed within a predefined range relative to the desired engine speed. As further shown in FIG. 3, a crankshaft position sensor  158  is coupled to supply a signal indicative of crankshaft position to the control unit. The signal from sensor  158  may be used for determining timing of fuel injection relative to crankshaft position, and timing of ignition relative to crankshaft position. It will be appreciated that in a four-stroke engine a camshaft sensor or suitable encoder may be used in lieu of the crankshaft sensor for the same purposes, that is, to determine timing of various parameters used in the electronic fuel delivery/ignition process relative to the operational cycle of the engine. Memory  160  may be used for storing any specific engine speed control rules that may be used by processor  156  to generate the control signals applied to the fuel injectors and spark plugs. Control unit  150  may further include a monitoring module  162  to monitor whether the engine is operating in a steady state mode of operation so as to maintain the actual engine speed within the predefined range relative to the desired engine speed during the steady state mode of operation. For example, the monitor module may monitor the speed sensor signal to determine whether the engine has reached a minimum/maximum operating speed, or monitor the speed-setting device to determine whether the engine is undergoing a rapid rate of commanded speed change, such as when the boat is commanded to accelerate. It will be appreciated that during transient periods when engine speed is undergoing rapid changes, then applying the foregoing engine speed control may not be desirable. Thus, monitoring module  162  allows for preventing processor module  156  from driving the actual engine speed to be within the predefined range when not in the steady state mode of operation. It will be appreciated that an operator-activated switch supplying a discrete signal may be similarly used for overriding engine speed control in case the operator desires to deactivate such feature from the electronic control unit. In another advantageous aspect of the present invention, it should be appreciated that the present invention conveniently makes use of components generally available in typical boats. For example, components such as engine speed sensors, the crankshaft position sensor, and the engine control unit signal are commonly available in computer-controlled fuel injected engines. The various modules described above may comprise software modules stored in memory of the engine control unit. Thus, the present invention can be retrofitted at a relatively low cost in already deployed boats or may be implemented in new boats without having to make any substantial hardware changes to existing engine control systems. 
     FIG. 4 is a flow chart of an exemplary method for controlling actual engine speed relative to a desired engine speed. Subsequent to start step  200 , step  201  allows for supplying a signal indicative of desired engine speed. Step  202  allows for sensing a respective speed sensor signal indicative of the actual engine speed. Step  204  may be used for monitoring whether the engine is in steady state or not. If the engine is not in steady state operation, then one may return to step  201 , until steady state operation has been reached. If the engine is in steady state, step  206  allows for comparing the respective signals indicative of actual and desired engine speed relative to one another to supply a signal based on the magnitude of any speed differences therebetween. Step  208  allows for processing the signal based on engine speed differences to adjust one or more operational parameters of the engine. Prior to return step  212 , step  210  allows for generating respective control signals that cause one or more of the engine operational parameters to affect actual engines speed so as to maintain the actual engine speed within the predefined range relative to the desired engine speed. 
     The present invention can be embodied in the form of computer-implemented processes and apparatus for practicing those processes. The present invention can also be embodied in the form of computer program code containing computer-readable instructions embodied in tangible media, such as floppy diskettes, CD-ROMs, hard drives, or any other computer-readable storage medium,;wherein, when the computer program code is loaded into and executed by a computer, the computer becomes an apparatus for practicing the invention. The present invention can also be embodied in the form of computer program code, for example, whether stored in a storage medium, loaded into and/or executed by a computer, or transmitted over some transmission medium, such as over electrical wiring or cabling, through fiber optics, or via electromagnetic radiation, wherein, when the computer program code is loaded into and executed by a computer, the computer becomes an apparatus for practicing the invention. When implemented on a general-purpose computer, the computer program code segments configure the computer to create specific logic circuits or processing modules. 
     It will be understood that the specific embodiment of the invention shown and described herein is exemplary only. Numerous variations, changes, substitutions and equivalents will now occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all subject matter described herein and shown in the accompanying drawings be regarded as illustrative only and not in a limiting sense and that the scope of the invention be solely determined by the appended claims.