Abstract:
A magnetoelectric cogenerator uses a magnetic fuel cell stack to convert renewable energy for outputting, and works basing on the first law of thermodynamics to covert potential into kinetic energy through the known Hall Effect and enables out-coupling of electric energy. For DC output, the magnetic fuel cell stack is an inductance-type high-frequency transformer; and for AC output, a DC permanent-magnet motor and a permanent-magnet self-excited generator enable forming of the cell stack, i.e. to combine with a power storage module to form the magnetoelectric cogenerator. A damper absorbs or eliminates anti-electromotive force (EMF) or eddy current from time to time for the DC permanent-magnet motor to always maintain in an optimal state for normal operation to reduce power consumption. The magnetoelectric cogenerator is able to stably generate power without producing any emission to thereby solve the problems of power supply and environmental protection in the electric energy application fields.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0001]    The present invention relates to a magnetoelectric cogenerator using magnetic fuel cell stack to convert renewable energy and output DC or AC power, so that the generator can always maintain normal power generation operation that is also an autonomous power generation to thereby be a one hundred percent zero-emission green energy source. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    A conventional renewable energy conversion generator is a charger connected to a public power supply and controlled by a timer to charge more than one battery. The power stored in the battery is supplied to a direct-current (DC) motor via control of a motor controller, so that the DC motor operates to drive an alternating-current (AC) generator. The power generated by the AC generator is distributed to loads via a power distribution panel. Taking a wind energy power generation system as an example, there is included an AC generator, the power generated by which belongs to cell instead of battery and could not be used as normal electric power. Further, taking the solar energy power generation system as an example, the power generated by which belongs to cell instead of battery and could not be used as normal electric power, either. The power generation efficiency of these systems is always a problem. To overcome this problem, there are two compromised solutions, one of which is to store the generated power in a battery for use as a backup power, and the other one of which is to directly use the generated power to drive a DC motor to reach a predetermined high rotational speed, so that the inertia acceleration of a counterweight flywheel rotating at high speed causes the DC motor to effortlessly and stably drive a permanent-magnet generator to operate and generate power (this type of generator is usually referred to as a flywheel generator or FWG). Therefore, the power generated from renewable energy can be stored as backup power during the off-peak hours, and the stored power is high-efficiently converted into the power supply required by loads during the on-peak hours. Generally speaking, the conventional backup power conversion and output unit is mainly characterized in that the backup power stored in the battery is controlled by the motor controller for outputting to the DC motor, and then, the large torque of the inertia in motion of the counterweight flywheel mounted on the output shaft of the DC motor is utilized to drive the permanent-magnet generator to generate electric power, which is then distributed via a power distribution panel to AC loads as the power supply thereof. Basically, in the whole backup power conversion process of the conventional power conversion and output unit, some of the power is consumed to maintain constant operation of the motor, and the backup power is not really converted and utilized in the most power-saving or the most efficient manner. In other words, the power stored in the battery can only be used as backup power instead of the normal power supply. 
         [0003]    Further, the conditional factor for nonlinear control comes from the operation of the generator for generating power for use by loads. The higher the power generation is, the higher the load capacity of the motor is; and the lower the power generation is, the lower the load capacity of the motor is. Under this condition, when the generator works in the nonlinear operation mode, the generated electric energy is very unstable. This plus the frequent change in the potential at the loads would inevitably result in abnormal or overlarge surge in the power output circuit to adversely affect the stability of power output. In the event this type of surge is not buffered or eliminated, the generator tends to be subject to instantaneous overload and become burned out. Apparently, for the conventional backup power conversion and output unit to extend the best energy-saving effect, it is necessary to solve the problem of anti-electromotive force (EMF) or eddy current that is produced when the motor is nonlinearly controlled, and to buffer or eliminate the abnormal or overlarge surge in the nonlinear generator. Otherwise, the backup power conversion and output unit will only be a power conversion unit or even an energy-consuming unit. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0004]    The present invention provides a magnetoelectric cogenerator using magnetic fuel cell stack to convert renewal energy and output DC or AC power. The generator uses a power storage module to convert AC power output from the cell stack into DC power for supplying to a load. The magnetoelectric cogenerator of the present invention can always maintain normal power generation operation that is also an autonomous power generation to thereby be a one hundred percent zero-emission green energy source. 
         [0005]    The magnetoelectric cogenerator of the present invention includes a buffer battery unit, a power output load terminal, a potential to kinetic energy converting unit, a magnetic fuel cell stack forming unit, and a rectifying and charging unit. The buffer battery unit is a rechargeable battery that can be repeatedly charged and discharged for supplying power to the power output load terminal and the potential to kinetic energy converting unit. The potential to kinetic energy converting unit is able to produce electric resonance effect of oscillating eddy current to replace magnetic field shifting. The magnetic fuel cell stack forming unit includes a core wound around by a coil and permanent magnets that together with the core form a field loop. The eddy current produced by the potential to kinetic energy converting unit causes the magnetic fuel cell stack forming unit to produce high-frequency electric energy, which is amplified by a magnetic field effect of the permanent magnets to obtain the Hall Effect and form the cell stack. The rectifying and charging unit rectifies the cell stack formed by the magnetic fuel cell stack forming unit for charging the buffer battery unit and/or supplying power to the power output load terminal. 
         [0006]    The magnetic fuel cell stack forming unit of the generator is configured basing on the first law of thermodynamics, and converts potential energy into kinetic energy via the known Hall Effect to enable out-coupling of electric energy at the same time. 
         [0007]    In the case of a DC power output generator, the out-coupling of the electric energy is achieved by the magnetic fuel cell stack forming unit through a susceptance-type high-frequency transformer. And, in the case of an AC power output generator, a DC permanent-magnet motor and a permanent-magnet self-excited generator enable forming of the magnetic fuel cell stack, i.e. to combine with an electric power storage module to form the magnetoelectric cogenerator. 
         [0008]    The magnetic fuel cell stack forming unit in the present invention has a potential to kinetic energy converting mechanism. The DC permanent-magnet motor of this converting mechanism must constantly work in a power-saving mode. In the operation of the present invention, a damper is utilized to eliminate the anti-electromotive force (EMF) and eddy current produced due to the use of a load to achieve the recycling and utilization of renewable electric power. This facilitates the stabilization of a nonlinear dynamic system, including dynamic power factor adjustment and dynamic adaptive damper as well as adaptive all-pass filter, all of which can be completely analyzed. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0009]    The structure and the technical means adopted by the present invention to achieve the above and other objects can be best understood by referring to the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments and the accompanying drawings, wherein 
           [0010]      FIG. 1  is a system diagram of the present invention; 
           [0011]      FIG. 2  is a structure diagram of an electric-resonance small-power magnetoelectric cogenerator according to a first embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0012]      FIG. 3  is a structure diagram of an electric-resonance middle-to-large power magnetoelectric cogenerator according to a second embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0013]      FIG. 4  shows a first type of core for the second embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0014]      FIG. 5  shows a second type of core for the second embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0015]      FIG. 6  is a structure diagram of a mechanical-resonance magnetoelectric cogenerator according to a third embodiment of the present invention; and 
           [0016]      FIG. 7  is a structure diagram of a fourth embodiment of the present invention. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
       [0017]    The present invention provides a magnetoelectric cogenerator using magnetic fuel cell stack to convert renewable energy for outputting. More particularly, the present invention provides a magnetoelectric cogenerator that uses Hall Effect as a basis and uses a mechanism of converting potential energy into kinetic energy to couple out electric energy. Please refer to  FIG. 1 . The magnetoelectric cogenerator of the present invention includes a buffer battery unit  10 , a power output load terminal  11 , a potential to kinetic energy converting unit  12 , a magnetic fuel cell stack forming unit  13 , and a rectifying and charging unit  14 . The buffer battery unit  10  can be a battery unit of any type and is a rechargeable battery that can be repeatedly charged and discharged. The buffer battery unit  10  serves to supply electric power to the power output load terminal  11  and the potential to kinetic energy converting unit  12 . The potential to kinetic energy converting unit  12  is featured by being capable of inputting discontinuous potential energy and outputting continuous kinetic energy. The potential to kinetic energy converting unit  12  is actuated by the electric power supplied from the buffer battery unit  10 , and is able to produce an electrical resonance effect of oscillating eddy current in order to replace magnetic field shifting. Please also refer to  FIG. 2 , in which a structure diagram of a first embodiment of the present invention is shown. In the first embodiment, the magnetic fuel cell stack forming unit  13  includes a core  132  wound around by a coil  131  and permanent magnets  133 ,  134  that together with the core  132  form a magnetic field loop. The oscillating eddy current produced by the potential to kinetic energy converting unit  12  causes the magnetic fuel cell stack forming unit  13  to generate high-frequency electric energy, which is amplified by a magnetic field effect of the permanent magnets  133 ,  134  to obtain the Hall Effect and form a cell stack. The rectifying and charging unit  14  is capable of rectifying the cell stack formed by the magnetic fuel cell stack forming unit  13  for charging the buffer battery unit  10  and/or supplying power to the power output load terminal  11 . The power output load terminal  11  is electrically connected to the buffer battery unit  10  to thereby form a power output terminal. Wherein, the electric energy out-coupled by the magnetic fuel cell stack forming unit  13  is converted by the rectifying and charging unit  14  from alternating current (AC) into direct current (DC) for storing in the buffer battery unit  10 , or is filtered for use as a power supply to the power output load terminal  11 . 
         [0018]    The magnetoelectric cogenerator of the present invention has two types of power output, namely, AC output and DC output. The first embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 2  is a DC output generator system. The potential to kinetic energy converting unit  12  can be an oscillating circuit unit triggered by a switching transistor  121 . The oscillating circuit unit can be an integrated circuit (IC) oscillator or a switching controller. The potential to kinetic energy converting unit  12  includes switching controller induction coils  122 ,  123 , a capacitor  124 , resistors  125 ,  126 , and a switching transistor  121 . The potential to kinetic energy converting unit  12  is actuated by the power supply output from the buffer battery unit  10 . When the potential to kinetic energy converting unit  12  as an oscillating circuit unit is triggered by the transistor  121 , it is able to produce the electrical resonance effect of oscillating eddy current to replace magnetic field shifting. 
         [0019]    The magnetoelectric fuel cell stack forming unit  13  is formed from a high-frequency transformer. Wherein, the core  132 , the permanent magnets  133 ,  134 , and the induction coil  131  together constitute a susceptance-type inductance unit to achieve electrical resonance and form the cell stack. The core  132  and the permanent magnets  133 ,  134  together form an open loop magnetic core. The rectifying and charging unit  14  is a high-frequency diode  141 . The rectifying and charging unit  14  is able to convert AC into DC for storing in the rechargeable battery  10  to serve as a generator charger. The buffer battery unit  10  can supply power to the power output load terminal  11 . In the generator system of the present invention, an anti-electromotive force (EMF) produced due to a load effect is dampened by an electrical damper  127  of a nonlinear resistor and a high-frequency capacitor  128 , and then amplified by the permanent magnets  133 ,  134  to generate renewable electric power, so that the normal power generation operation is also autonomous power generation to thereby be a one hundred percent zero-emission green energy source. 
         [0020]      FIG. 3  shows a second embodiment of the present invention implemented as a DC-output high-power generator system. The generator in the second embodiment includes a buffer battery unit  20 , a power output load terminal  21 , a potential to kinetic energy converting unit  22 , a magnetic fuel cell stack forming unit  23 , and a rectifying and charging unit  24 . The potential to kinetic energy converting unit  22  can be an oscillating circuit unit triggered by a switching transistor  221 . The potential to kinetic energy converting unit  22  includes switching controller induction coils  222 ,  223 , switching transistors  221 , and self-excited oscillators  224 ,  225 . Please also refer to  FIG. 4 . The magnetic fuel cell stack forming unit  23  is formed from a high-frequency transformer, which includes a core  231 , permanent magnets  232 , and an induction coil  233  to constitute a susceptance-type inductance unit to achieve electrical resonance and form the cell stack. The core  231  is a hollow core having at least one permanent magnet  232  disposed therein. And, in the case of having two or more permanent magnets  232  as shown in  FIG. 5 , the permanent magnets  232  are parallelly spaced in the hollow core  231  without contacting with one another and are so arranged that the N-poles and S-poles of any two adjacent permanent magnets  232  are always located diagonally opposite to one another, so as to form a closed loop. Wherein, the higher the number of permanent magnets  232  in the hollow core  231  is, the higher the power generation can be obtained. The rectifying and charging unit  24  can be a bridge rectifying charger  241 . The cell stack formed by the magnetic fuel cell stack forming unit  23  can charge the rechargeable battery  20  via the bridge rectifying charger  241 , or be filtered for outputting to the power output load terminal  21  as the power supply thereof. Wherein, an anti-electromotive force (EMF) produced due to a load effect is dampened by electrical dampers  226  of a nonlinear resistor and high-frequency capacitors  227 , and then amplified by the permanent magnets  232  to generate renewable electric power. 
         [0021]      FIG. 6  shows a third embodiment of the present invention, which is implemented as a generator system that produces eddy current through mechanical resonance. The generator in the third embodiment includes a buffer battery unit  30 , a power output load terminal  31 , a potential to kinetic energy converting unit  32 , and a rectifying and charging unit  34 . The generator is a magnetoelectric cogenerator using magnetic fuel cell stack to convert renewable energy and outputting normal power supply. The power output can be AC output mode or DC output mode. Wherein, the buffer battery unit  30  is a rechargeable battery that can be repeatedly charged and discharged. The rectifying and charging unit  34  is a three-phase bridge charger  341  for charging the rechargeable battery  30 . The potential to kinetic energy converting unit  32  includes a DC motor servo  321 , a DC permanent-magnet motor  322 , a flywheel  323 , and a rotary shaft  324 . The magnetic fuel cell stack forming unit  33  is provided on the rotary shaft  324 . To achieve high-speed and stable cell stack output, it is necessary to provide a counterweight flywheel  323  in order to create mechanical resonance and produce eddy current for the magnetic fuel cell stack forming unit  33  to form the cell stack. Wherein, the provision of the flywheel  323  enables reduced power consumption by the DC permanent-magnet motor  322  and accordingly, increased output of electric power. The counterweight flywheel  323  can be otherwise a virtual flywheel hidden in the mechanism. For example, the magnetic fuel cell stack forming unit  33  can be configured to form a counterweight having the characteristic of a flywheel. The magnetic fuel cell stack forming unit  33  can have a core (not shown) structure like the open loop magnetic core  132  shown in  FIG. 2 , or the closed loop magnetic core  231  shown in  FIGS. 4 and 5 . When the three-phase bridge charger  341  charges too much cell stack output into the rechargeable battery  30 , the DC motor servo  321  automatically reduces the rotational speed thereof, and vice versa, allowing the system shown in  FIG. 6  to always maintain in a resonant state. The potential to kinetic energy converting unit  32  further includes an electrical damper  325 . The electrical damper  325  enables the anti-electromotive force (EMF) and eddy current produced due to a load effect to be amplified by the permanent magnets to generate renewable electric power. That is, with the damper  325 , the anti-electromotive force (EMF) and the eddy current produced during system operation are converted into renewable electric power. For example, by using a susceptance type unit, such as supper inductance, the anti-electromotive force (EMF) or the eddy current can be caused to return to the rechargeable battery  30 , which would only absorb electric power without consuming electric power, so that more power can be saved at the input end. The power output at the power output load terminal  31  can be AC output or DC output. Wherein, an inverter  35  converts the electric power output from the rechargeable battery  30  into a type of power supply required by the power output load terminal  31 . The power output load terminal  31  is mainly an isolation power transformer for adaptive impedance matching. 
         [0022]      FIG. 7  shows a fourth embodiment of the present invention. The generator in the fourth embodiment includes a buffer battery unit  40 , a power output load terminal  41 , a potential to kinetic energy converting unit  42 , a magnetic fuel cell stack forming unit  43 , and a rectifying and charging unit  44 . The buffer battery unit  40  is a rechargeable battery that can be repeated charged and discharged. The potential to kinetic energy converting unit  42  can be a Tunnel diode  421 . The magnetic fuel cell stack forming unit  43  can be a static magnetic field created by a magnetro resistor  431  and permanent magnets  432 ,  433 . The rectifying and charging unit  44  can be a fast diode or a Schottky barrier diode  441 . The power output load terminal  41  can be a mobile device or a hand-held device. With the above arrangements, the generator of the present invention can achieve the function of a permanent stack battery. 
         [0023]    In the present invention, a susceptance-type high-frequency transformer is used as a charger source for outputting DC power. Through the high-frequency transformer and the magnets  133 ,  134  (or  232 , or  432 ,  433 ), electric energy is out-coupled and stored in the buffer battery unit  10  (or  20  or  40 ). Physically, the kinetic energy is orthogonal to amplitude, and the magnets  133 ,  134  (or  232 , or  432 ,  433 ) determine the current gain. The magnetic fuel cell stack for AC output is formed by the DC permanent-magnet motor and the permanent-magnet self-excited generator. Since a self-excited generator requires kinetic energy, the kinetic energy physically has the same phase as that of amplitude and is orthogonal to frequency. In other words, the higher the rotational speed is, the more the electric energy can be output and accordingly, the more power can be saved at the input end. Wherein, the frequency must be stable. In the present invention, the inertia acceleration in motion of the counterweight flywheel  323  under high-speed rotation causes the DC permanent-magnet motor  322  to save power consumption and stably drive the permanent-magnet generator to operate and generate power. By utilizing the rotation of the DC permanent-magnet motor  322 , kinetic energy is transferred to the counterweight flywheel  323  to form mechanical impedance matching and powerful torque is produced on the rotary shaft to thereby enable high kinetic energy output and effectively reduce the energy consumption by the DC permanent-magnet motor  322 . 
         [0024]    The present invention has been described with some preferred embodiments thereof and it is understood that many changes and modifications in the described embodiments can be carried out without departing from the scope and the spirit of the invention that is intended to be limited only by the appended claims.