Abstract:
Definitive diagnosis and early start of treatment cannot be made for tuberculosis since conventional methods for detecting a  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  complex require a long time plus enormous labor and expense. Because detection is difficult to perform directly from a biological sample, if the biological sample contains no or a very small amount of MPT64, there is a risk infection with the  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  complex will be missed. The present method and a kit address these long-standing needs by more rapidly and conveniently detecting a  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  complex, without culturing a biological sample containing the  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  complex, in which a biological sample is subjected to a heat-treatment so as to extracellularly secrete a  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  complex-specific secretory protein, particularly, MPB64, and subjecting the resulting treated sample to an immunological measurement/assay.

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
       [0001]    The present invention relates to a highly safe method and a kit for immunological detection of a  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  complex which can be conveniently and rapidly performed directly from a biological sample containing the  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  complex without culture operation by heat-treating the biological sample at a predetermined temperature and immunologically detecting a  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  complex-specific secretory protein thus extracellularly secreted. 
       BACKGROUND ART 
       [0002]    Tuberculosis is currently an infectious disease of high importance, which is said to be killing thousands of people in Japan and millions of people worldwide every year. In Japan, a person suspected of having tuberculosis infection must be hospitalized according to the Infectious Disease Law. A physician must immediately report to the authority when having diagnosed a patient with tuberculosis, and thus prompt responses are required. 
         [0003]      Mycobacterium tuberculosis  (human type of tuberculosis bacterium),  Mycobacterium bovis  (bovine type of tuberculosis bacterium),  Mycobacterium microti  (murine type of tuberculosis bacterium), and  Mycobacterium africanum  (African type of tuberculosis bacterium), which belong to a  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  complex, are known as acid-fast bacteria pathogenic to humans.  Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium kansasii, Mycobacterium marinum , and the like are known as non-tuberculous mycobacteria. 
         [0004]    Human infection with the  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  complex is mainly caused by  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  and, in some rare cases, by  Mycobacterium bovis . Cases of infection with  Mycobacterium avium , among the non-tuberculous mycobacteria, have been increased in recent years. Since both of these infections present similar clinical symptoms, the identification of a causative microbe is also important for determining courses of treatment. 
         [0005]    Thus, the differential detection of tuberculosis infection or non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection is also important for reducing burdens on patients and appropriately conducting early treatment. In another aspect, the differential detection is also important for the purpose of preventing a third person from having secondary infection from the public health standpoint. 
         [0006]    Heretofore, detection methods based on culture have been practiced as methods for detecting the  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  complex. Such culture methods are performed by inoculating a biological sample to be tested to either a liquid medium or a solid medium and detecting grown bacterial cells. The method using the liquid medium carries a high risk of secondary infection during operation and thus requires a highly safe facility and apparatus, though this method can shorten the culture period of the biological sample to be tested. The method using the solid medium requires a period as long as approximately 2 months to obtain detection results. The  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  complex must be cultured using a highly safe apparatus in a highly safe environment with great care being taken for preventing secondary infection. 
         [0007]    As a method for identifying the  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  complex from the culture of the above-cultured biological sample, a convenient detection method is known which involves immunologically assaying a  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  complex-specific protein secreted into the medium. 
         [0008]    Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-108931 discloses a method for detecting the presence of a  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  complex, comprising: inoculating a biological sample collected from a tuberculosis patient, to a solid medium or a liquid medium; culturing the  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  complex for a few days to a few weeks; and then immunologically detecting a  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  complex-specific secretory protein MPB64 secreted into the medium. According to this reference, this method permits identification and detection of the  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  complex immediately after the culture and reduces the risk of secondary infection during operation, compared with conventional methods. 
         [0009]    This method, however, involves culturing the  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  complex contained in the biological sample and using the resulting cultures as a sample. Hence, the method requires almost the same amount of time as the culture period until the  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  complex is detected and identified, and thus requires enormous labor and expense. 
         [0010]    As described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-108931, MPB64 is a  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  complex-specific secretory protein which is produced by  Mycobacterium bovis  BCG ( M. bovis  BCG) and extracellularly secreted. MPT64 is a  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  complex-specific secretory protein which is produced by  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  and extracellularly secreted. MPB64 and MPT64 are known as identical substances. 
         [0011]    Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-62299 states that the  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  complex-specific secretory protein MPT64 can be detected by immunological assay without culturing a  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  complex contained in a biological sample. This method involves treating a biological sample such as sputum and detecting MPT64 contained in the biological sample so that the presence of the  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  complex is detected. 
         [0012]    However, even if the  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  complex is present in the biological sample, this method cannot detect the  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  complex unless MPB64 is extracellularly secreted by the  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  complex and contained in the biological sample. In addition, a small abundance of MPT64, albeit secreted, requires a large amount of the biological sample and complicates the operation. This poses increased burdens on test subjects and persons in charge of the tests. At the same time, infection with the  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  complex might be missed, resulting in public health problems. 
         [0013]    International Publication No. WO 2009/084481 discloses a method for diagnosing tuberculosis infection more rapidly and more safely with higher accuracy than ever, comprising specifically detecting MPB64 in a biological sample using an antibody against a particular epitope in MPB64. According to this method, an applicable sample can be cultures obtained by culturing a biological sample using a small amount of a liquid medium only for a time before bacterial cells of the  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  complex substantially start to grow. 
         [0014]    This method, however, still demands a method for promoting the secretion of MPB64 from the bacterial cells before growth so that a larger amount of MPB64 accumulates in the medium. 
       CONVENTIONAL TECHNICAL DOCUMENTS 
     Patent Documents 
       [0000]    
       
         Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-108931 
         Patent Document 2: Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-62299 
         Patent Document 3: International Publication No. WO 2009/084481 
       
     
       SUMMARY OF INVENTION 
     Problems to be Solved by the Invention 
       [0018]    As described above, the conventional methods require a long time for detecting a  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  complex and also require enormous labor and expense. For these reasons, definitive diagnosis and early start of treatment cannot be made for tuberculosis. Thus, there has been a demand for a more rapidly method. Also, the direct detection from a biological sample cannot be performed if the biological sample contains no or a very small amount of MPT64. As a result, infection with the  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  complex might be missed. Thus, there has been a need for a more reliable detection method. An object of the present invention is to solve these problems by providing a convenient, rapid, and more reliable method for detecting a  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  complex. 
       Means for Solving the Problems 
       [0019]    The present inventors have conducted diligent studies to solve the above problems and consequently found that the problems can be solved by heat-treating a biological sample containing a  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  complex so as to extracellularly secrete a  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  complex-specific secretory protein such as MPB64 and detecting the thus-secreted protein, and as a result, the present invention has been completed. 
         [0020]    According to one aspect, the present invention provides a method for detecting a  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  complex, comprising subjecting a  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  complex-specific protein to an immunological assay, wherein said protein is extracellularly secreted by subjecting a biological sample containing the  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  complex to a heat-treatment. According to another aspect, the present invention also provides a kit for detection of a  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  complex, comprising at least a treatment container in which a biological sample containing the  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  complex is subjected to a heat-treatment, and an immunological assay apparatus for detecting a  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  complex-specific secretory protein secreted by the heat-treatment, as a kit for detection of a  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  complex for the purpose of carrying out the above method. The kit may further comprise a sample treating agent and/or a solvent. The detection method and the kit of the present invention are capable of rapidly and conveniently detecting the  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  complex. According to a further aspect, the present invention also provides a method for extracellularly secreting a  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  complex-specific protein, comprising subjecting a biological sample containing the  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  complex to a heat-treatment. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF EXPLANATION OF DRAWINGS 
         [0021]      FIG. 1  is a graph showing the relationship between the heat-treatment temperature and the effect of promoting extracellular MPB64 secretion, when bacterial cells of a  M. bovis  BCG Tokyo strain were used. 
           [0022]      FIG. 2  is a graph showing the relationship between the heat treatment time and the effect of promoting extracellular MPB64 secretion, when bacterial cells of a  M. bovis  BCG Tokyo strain were used. 
       
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS 
       [0023]    The biological sample used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as the biological sample may contain a  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  complex. Examples of the biological sample include sputum, pleural effusion, bronchial secretion, gastric juice, blood, spinal fluid, urine, and feces. Preferably, sputum is used because of its high bacterial concentration. Alternatively, bronchial lavage fluid collected during respiratory examination, a tissue collected from the bronchus or the lung, or the like may be used as the biological sample. These biological samples may each be used alone or may be used as a mixture of two or more thereof. 
         [0024]    The heat-treatment of the biological sample is preferably carried out by placing the biological sample in a hermetically sealable container and then subjecting the container as a whole to a heat-treatment because the biological sample to be treated contains a highly infectious  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  complex. The heat-treatment operation is preferably performed within a safety cabinet from the viewpoint of securing the safety of an operator. The container for use in the heat-treatment is not particularly limited as long as the container can maintain its hermetically sealed state and can resist a predetermined heating temperature. The container can be appropriately selected according to the biological sample to be treated. The container may be equipped, at its opening, with a dropper nozzle with a filter so as to facilitate the discharge of the thus-treated biological sample from the container, for immunological assay. Use of the dropper nozzle with a filter is preferred because the dropper nozzle with a filter can remove solid matter such as denatured components contained in the treated biological sample and further, can conveniently put drops of the resulting biological sample to an immunological assay apparatus. 
         [0025]    The biological sample may be subjected to a treatment such as lysis with a sample treating agent according to its properties before the heat-treatment. For example, when sputum is used as the sample, it may be lysed with an alkaline substance, a reducing substance, a protease, a sugar, a surfactant, a protein denaturant, or the like, which reduces the viscosity of sputum, in order to improve the efficiency of the heat-treatment. Particularly, a treatment using sodium hydroxide as an alkaline substance and N-acetyl-L-cysteine as a reducing substance in combination is convenient and is preferably used. 
         [0026]    According to another embodiment, the biological sample may be dispersed or dissolved in a solvent and then subjected to a heat-treatment. The solvent can be, for example, any solvent that can keep the  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  complex contained in the biological sample alive. A buffer solution such as phosphate-buffered saline or a liquid medium for use in acid-fast bacterium isolation culture such as Middlebrook 7H9 can be used. Particularly, a liquid medium is preferably used because the protein needs to be extracellularly secreted by the heat-treatment without impairing the activity of the  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  complex and because the thus-treated sample can be subjected directly to an immunological assay. Alternatively, the biological sample lysed with the sample treating agent may be redispersed in the solvent. 
         [0027]    The heating temperature for the biological sample can be any temperature at which the protein can be extracellularly secreted into the biological sample or the solvent by the  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  complex, and is preferably in the range of 40° C. to 60° C., more preferably in the range of 40° C. to 55° C. Particularly, the temperature that effectively promotes the secretion is in the range of 45° C. to 50° C. 
         [0028]    The treatment time for the biological sample can be a time that is sufficient to extracellularly secrete a detectable amount of the  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  complex-specific secretory protein while the treatment temperature is kept within the above range. The treatment time is preferably 15 minutes or longer, more preferably 15 minutes or longer and 2.5 hours or shorter, further preferably 15 minutes or longer and 1.5 hours or shorter, most preferably 30 minutes or longer and 1 hour or shorter. 
         [0029]    The sample thus heat-treated may be subjected to the inactivation treatment of the  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  complex merely by raising the heating temperature. The temperature for the inactivation treatment of the  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  complex is not particularly limited but is preferably 100° C. The inactivation of the  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  complex contained in the sample allows immunological assay to be conducted safely without the risk of secondary infection. 
         [0030]    The heating apparatus for use in the heat-treatment is not particularly limited as long as the apparatus is capable of keeping the temperature constant. A thermostat bath, a heater block, an incubator, or the like can be used. A small heating apparatus is particularly preferred because all the procedures for detecting the  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  complex can be completed within a safety cabinet. 
         [0031]    According to the present invention, the  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  complex-specific protein can be extracellularly secreted by the heat-treatment of the biological sample. The presence of the  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  complex can therefore be easily detected by immunological assay or the like using the biological sample thus treated. 
         [0032]    In the present invention, the  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  complex-specific protein to be extracellularly secreted is not particularly limited as long as the protein is extracellularly secreted. Examples of the protein that is extracellularly secreted by the  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  complex include many proteins such as MPT64, MPB64, MPB70, ESAT-6, and CFP-10. Of these proteins, a protein that is extracellularly secreted in a large amount in a short time is preferred as a protein used as an index for indicating the presence of the  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  complex in the immunological assay used in the present invention. For example, MPB64, i.e., MPT64, is extracellularly secreted or released in a large amount by the heat-treatment of the biological sample according to the present invention without culture, i.e., before the bacterial cells start to grow. From such a viewpoint, MPB64, i.e., MPT64 is preferably used as a target for the detection of the presence of the  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  complex. The extracellularly secreted MPB64, i.e., MPT64 can be immunologically assayed so as to determine the presence or absence of the  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  complex. 
         [0033]    In the detection method of the present invention, the immunological assay is not particularly limited and is preferably a sandwich immunoassay using a first antibody and a second antibody against the  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  complex-specific secretory protein, particularly, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or immunochromatographic assay. The first antibody and the second antibody may be the same or may be different from each other as long as they permit detection of the  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  complex-specific secretory protein. 
         [0034]    This immunological assay can be any method capable of immunologically detecting MPB64 extracellularly secreted by the heat-treatment of the biological sample and is preferably immunochromatographic assay, particularly preferably immunochromatographic assay using an anti-MPB64 monoclonal antibody. The immunochromatographic assay for MPB64 detection can be easily conducted in accordance with the method described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-108931. In addition, Capilia® TB (manufactured by TAUNS Laboratories, Inc.), a commercially available immunochromatographic assay apparatus for detection of MPB64, i.e., MPT64, can be used. 
       EXAMPLES 
       [0035]    The present invention will be described further specifically by way of Examples below. However, the present invention is not intended to be limited by these Examples. 
       Reference Example 1 
     Preparation of a Bacterial Solution to be Tested 
       [0036]    4.7 g of Middlebrook 7H9 broth base (manufactured by Difco Laboratories Inc.) was dissolved in 900 ml of distilled water containing 0.5 g of Tween 80. The solution was high-pressure sterilized in an autoclave at 121° C. for 10 minutes. After cooling, 100 ml of ADC Enrichment (albumin-dextrose-catalase) was aseptically added thereto to prepare a Middlebrook 7H9 liquid medium. 
         [0037]    A  M. bovis  BCG Tokyo strain (hereinafter, referred to as a BCG strain) was inoculated to the above-prepared liquid medium, and cultured according to a standard method. The culture was continued until turbidity corresponding to McFarland standards No. 1 was obtained. The resulting bacterial solution was centrifuged to recover bacterial cells. The recovered bacterial cells were resuspended by the addition of the above-mentioned Middlebrook 7H9 liquid medium and then further centrifuged to recover bacterial cells. This operation was repeated three times. The bacterial cells were washed to remove  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  complex secretory proteins attached to the bacterial cells. 100 μL of the supernatant after the washing operation was applied to Capilia® TB (manufactured by TAUNS Laboratories, Inc.), an immunochromatographic assay apparatus for MPB64 detection. As a result, this product exhibited negativity to confirm that secreted MPB64 was absent in the supernatant. 
       Example 1 
     Study on Optimum Condition for Heat-Treatment Temperature 
       [0038]    The optical density of the bacterial solution having the turbidity corresponding to McFarland standards No. 1, prepared in Reference Example 1, was adjusted to O.D. 0.1 at an absorbance of 530 nm to prepare a bacterial solution for testing (bacterial count: corresponding to 10 7  CFU). The bacterial solution for testing was further diluted with a liquid medium to prepare a 10-fold diluted bacterial solution (bacterial count: corresponding to 10 6  CFU) and a 100-fold diluted bacterial solution (bacterial count: corresponding to 10 5  CFU). 200 μl of each prepared bacterial solution was dispensed to each plastic tube (a tube for nucleic acid amplification) and heat-treated using a temperature-controllable heat block for a nucleic acid amplification apparatus. The heating temperature was set to temperatures differing by 5° C. from 35° C. to 75° C. The heat-treatment was carried out for 30 minutes. Samples heat-treated at an ordinary culture temperature of 35° C. were used as controls. A 100 μl aliquot was collected from each sample thus treated, and applied to Capilia® TB (manufactured by TAUNS Laboratories, Inc.) in the same way as in Reference Example 1 to detect the presence of MPB64. The absorbance of the reading area was measured using Immno Chromato-Reader (manufactured by Otsuka Electronics Co., Ltd.). 
         [0039]    The results are shown in  FIG. 1 . In  FIG. 1 , the ordinate represents the measurement value of color intensity (absorbance) in Capilia® TB (manufactured by TAUNS Laboratories, Inc.), and the abscissa represents the heating temperature. The relationship between the absorbance and the treatment temperature is indicated by solid line for the results about the bacterial solution for testing (bacterial count: corresponding to 10 7  CFU), by broken line for the results about the 10-fold diluted bacterial solution (bacterial count: corresponding to 10 6  CFU), and by long broken line for the results about the 100-fold diluted bacterial solution (bacterial count: corresponding to 10 5  CFU). 
         [0040]    As seen from the results, all of the tested samples exhibited a rise in absorbance at 40° C. to 60° C., particularly, a marked rise at 45° C. to 50° C. This indicates that the heat-treatment of the bacterial cells promoted their extracellular MPB64 secretion. The controls treated under an ordinary culture condition of 35° C. exhibited no rise in absorbance, demonstrating that just keeping a sample at room temperature or under conditions equivalent thereto does not cause MPB64 to be extracellularly secreted. On the other hand, no rise in absorbance was confirmed in a temperature range higher than the temperature range from 40° C. to 60° C. where the secretion of MPB64 was confirmed. This showed that MPB64 is not secreted in a temperature range equal to or higher than 60° C. 
         [0041]    Accordingly, from these results, the heat-treatment of a bacterial sample at 40° C. to 60° C., particularly, at 45° C. to 50° C. was confirmed to markedly promote extracellular MPB64 secretion and markedly increase the detection rate of immunological assay. 
       Example 2 
     Study on Optimum Condition for Heat-Treatment Temperature 
       [0042]    The optical density of the bacterial solution having the turbidity corresponding to McFarland standards No. 1, prepared in Reference Example 1, was adjusted to O.D. 0.1 at an absorbance of 530 nm to prepare a bacterial solution for testing (bacterial count: corresponding to 10 7  CFU). 200 μl of the prepared bacterial solution was dispensed to each plastic tube (a tube for nucleic acid amplification) and heat-treated using a temperature-controllable heat block for a nucleic acid amplification apparatus. The heating temperature was set to 35° C., 13 temperatures differing by 2° C. from 40° C. to 64° C., and  2  temperatures of 70° C. and 80° C. as a high temperature range. The heat-treatment was carried out for 60 minutes. Samples heated-treated at an ordinary culture temperature of 35° C. were used as controls. A 100 μl aliquot was collected from each sample thus treated, and applied to Capilia® TB (manufactured by TAUNS Laboratories, Inc.) in the same way as in Reference Example 1 to detect the presence of MPB64. Evaluation was conducted by the visual observation of the color intensity of a labeling substance accumulated in the reading area. The color intensity was visually evaluated as the degree of magenta color on the basis of 5 grades: − (not colored), ± (weakly colored), + (distinctly colored), ++ (more distinctly colored), and +++ (markedly colored). The evaluation results are shown in Table 1. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 1 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Treatment temperature 
                 Evaluation 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 35° C. (control) 
                 − 
               
               
                   
                 40° C. 
                 ± 
               
               
                   
                 42° C. 
                 + 
               
               
                   
                 44° C. 
                 + 
               
               
                   
                 46° C. 
                 ++ 
               
               
                   
                 48° C. 
                 +++ 
               
               
                   
                 50° C. 
                 +++ 
               
               
                   
                 52° C. 
                 ++ 
               
               
                   
                 54° C. 
                 + 
               
               
                   
                 56° C. 
                 + 
               
               
                   
                 58° C. 
                 + 
               
               
                   
                 60° C. 
                 ± 
               
               
                   
                 62° C. 
                 − 
               
               
                   
                 64° C. 
                 − 
               
               
                   
                 70° C. 
                 − 
               
               
                   
                 80° C. 
                 − 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0043]    As seen from the results of Table 1, a rise in color intensity was exhibited at 40° C. to 60° C., and particularly, a marked rise was confirmed at 44° C. to 52° C. This indicates that the heat-treatment of the bacterial cells promoted their extracellular MPB64 secretion, as in Example 1. The controls treated under an ordinary culture condition of 35° C. exhibited no rise in absorbance, demonstrating that just keeping a sample at room temperature or under conditions equivalent thereto does not cause MPB64 to be extracellularly secreted. On the other hand, no rise in absorbance was confirmed at the temperatures equal to or higher than 62° C. or in the high temperature range of 70° C. and 80° C. This showed that MPB64 is not secreted in a temperature range equal to or higher than 60° C. 
         [0044]    Accordingly, from these results, the heat-treatment of a bacterial sample at 40° C. to 60° C., particularly, at 45° C. to 50° C. was confirmed to markedly promote extracellular MPB64 secretion and markedly increase the detection rate of immunological assay. 
       Example 3 
     Study on Optimum Condition for Heat Treatment Time 
       [0045]    The optical density of the bacterial solution having the turbidity corresponding to McFarland standards No. 1, prepared in Reference Example 1, was adjusted to O.D. 0.1 at an absorbance of 530 nm to prepare a bacterial solution for testing (bacterial count: corresponding to 10 7  CFU). 200 μl of the prepared bacterial solution was dispensed to each plastic tube and heat-treated using a temperature-controllable heat block for a nucleic acid amplification apparatus. The heat operation was carried out with the heating temperature set to temperatures differing by 5° C. from 35° C. to 75° C. The treatment time was set to 0 minutes, 15 minutes, 30 minutes, and 60 minutes. A 100 μl aliquot was collected from each sample thus treated, and applied to Capilia® TB (manufactured by TAUNS Laboratories, Inc.) in the same way as in Example 1. The absorbance of the reading area was measured using Immno Chromato-Reader (manufactured by Otsuka Electronics Co., Ltd.). 
         [0046]    The results are shown in  FIG. 2 . In  FIG. 2 , the ordinate represents the measurement value of color intensity (absorbance) in Capilia® TB (manufactured by TAUNS Laboratories, Inc.), and the abscissa represents the heating temperature. The relationship between the absorbance and the treatment temperature is indicated by broken line for the results about the samples treated for the treatment time of 15 minutes, by solid line for the results about the samples treated for the treatment time of 30 minutes, and by long broken line for the results about the samples treated for the treatment time of 60 minutes. 
         [0047]    As seen from the results, all of the samples treated for the treatment time of 15 minutes, 30 minutes, and 60 minutes exhibited a marked rise in absorbance at the temperature of 45° C. to 50° C. No difference was seen among the treatment times. Even the samples treated for the heating time of 60 minutes were not confirmed to largely differ from the other samples. Accordingly, the heat treatment time of at least 15 minutes was confirmed to have the effect of promoting extracellular MPB64 secretion. 
       Example 4 
     Study on Optimum Condition for Heat Treatment Time 
       [0048]    The optical density of the bacterial solution having the turbidity corresponding to McFarland standards No. 1, prepared in Reference Example 1, was adjusted to O.D. 0.01 at an absorbance of 530 nm to prepare a bacterial solution for testing (bacterial count: corresponding to 10 6  CFU). 200 μl of the prepared bacterial solution was dispensed to each plastic tube and heat-treated at 50° C. using a temperature-controllable heat block for a nucleic acid amplification apparatus. The heat-treatment was carried out with the treatment time set to 0 minutes, 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes, 60 minutes, 75 minutes, 120 minutes, and 150 minutes. As a control, the same bacterial solution to be tested as above was left at room temperature without heat-treatment. A 100 μl aliquot was collected from each sample thus treated, and applied to Capilia® TB (manufactured by TAUNS Laboratories, Inc.) in the same way as in Example 1. The color intensity of an accumulated labeling substance was visually observed. The color intensity was visually evaluated as the degree of magenta color on the basis of 5 grades: − (not colored), ± (weakly colored), + (distinctly colored), ++ (more distinctly colored), and +++ (markedly colored). The evaluation results are shown in Table 2. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 2 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 50° C. heat-treatment 
                 Control (no heat-treatment) 
               
               
                   
                 Evaluation 
                 Evaluation 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                  0 min 
                 − 
                 − 
               
               
                 15 min 
                 + 
                 − 
               
               
                 30 min 
                 + 
                 − 
               
               
                 45 min 
                 ++ 
                 − 
               
               
                 60 min 
                 +++ 
                 − 
               
               
                 75 min 
                 +++ 
                 − 
               
               
                 120 min  
                 +++ 
                 − 
               
               
                 150 min  
                 +++ 
                 − 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0049]    As seen from the results of Table 2, the non-heat-treated control sample and the sample treated for the heating time of 0 minutes were confirmed to develop no color in the reading area. The heat-treatment for 15 minutes was confirmed to produce color derived from extracellular MPB64 secretion. The sample heat-treated for 60 minutes was confirmed to develop marked color. The samples heat-treated for up to 150 minutes exhibited no further rise in color intensity and were confirmed to develop marked color at the same level as that of the sample heat-treated for 60 minutes. From these results, heat-treatment for at least 15 minutes was confirmed to have the effect of promoting extracellular MPB64 secretion, which peaked at 60 minutes. 
       Example 5 
     Study on Solvent 
       [0050]    The bacterial solution having the turbidity corresponding to McFarland standards No. 1, prepared in Reference Example 1, was prepared into bacterial solutions having a bacterial count corresponding to 10 7  CFU, 10 6  CFU, or 10 5  CFU using a Tween 80-containing phosphate buffer solution or a Middlebrook 7H9 liquid medium as a solvent for biological sample treatment to prepare test samples. 200 μl of each test sample was dispensed to each plastic tube. Then, the sample was heat-treated at 50° C. for 30 minutes in a heat block. Then, a 100 μl aliquot was collected from the sample thus treated, and applied to Capilia® TB (manufactured by TAUNS Laboratories, Inc.) in the same way as in Example 1, followed by evaluation. The evaluation was conducted by the visual observation of the color intensity of a labeling substance accumulated in the reading area. The color intensity was visually evaluated as the degree of magenta color on the basis of 5 grades: − (not colored), ± (weakly colored), + (distinctly colored), ++ (more distinctly colored), and +++ (markedly colored). The evaluation results are shown in Table 3. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 3 
               
             
             
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Solvent 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Tween 80- 
                 Middlebrook 
               
               
                   
                 containing phosphate 
                 7H9 liquid 
               
               
                   
                 buffer solution 
                 medium 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Test 
                 Corresponding 
                 + 
                 ++ 
               
               
                 sample 
                 to 10 5  CFU 
               
               
                 (bacterial 
                 Corresponding 
                 ++ 
                 +++ 
               
               
                 concen- 
                 to 10 6  CFU 
               
               
                 tration) 
                 Corresponding 
                 +++ 
                 +++ 
               
               
                   
                 to 10 7  CFU 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0051]    As is evident from the results of Table 3, extracellularly secreted MPB64 can be detected in both cases where the Tween 80-containing phosphate buffer solution is used as a solvent and where the Middlebrook 7H9 liquid medium is used as a solvent. Thus, no difference in immunological assay was confirmed among variations in the composition of a solvent. 
       Example 6 
     Detection from Sputum Sample 
       [0052]    The bacterial solution having the turbidity corresponding to McFarland standards No. 1, prepared in Reference Example 1, was added to sputum that had been confirmed to be negative for tuberculosis infection to prepare a pseudo-positive sputum sample having a bacterial count corresponding to 10 7  CFU. This sample was dispensed to plastic tubes. To each of these sputum samples, N-acetyl-L-cysteine and an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution were added in equal amounts, and the mixture was left standing at room temperature for 15 minutes to lyse the sample. Then, the sample was heat-treated at 50° C. for 30 minutes using a heat block. Then, a 100 μl aliquot was collected from the sample thus treated, and applied to Capilia® TB (manufactured by TAUNS Laboratories, Inc.) in the same way as in Example 1, followed by evaluation. Control sputum samples were treated in the same way as above except that they were left standing at room temperature for 30 minutes without the heat-treatment, followed by evaluation. The evaluation was conducted by the visual observation of the color intensity of a labeling substance accumulated in the reading area. The color intensity was visually evaluated as the degree of magenta color on the basis of 5 grades: − (not colored), ± (weakly colored), + (distinctly colored), ++ (more distinctly colored), and +++ (markedly colored). The evaluation results are shown in Table 4. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 4 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 No heat-treatment 
                 50° C. heat-treatment 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Sample &lt;1&gt; 
                 − 
                 + 
               
               
                   
                 Sample &lt;2&gt; 
                 − 
                 + 
               
               
                   
                 Sample &lt;3&gt; 
                 − to ± 
                 ++ 
               
               
                   
                 Sample &lt;4&gt; 
                 − 
                 + 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0053]    As a result, the heat-treated samples were confirmed to develop evident color in the reading area, demonstrating the presence of MPB64 in the samples. By contrast, the control samples evidently differed from the heat-treated samples, though some samples exhibited slight color in the reading area. Accordingly, the heat-treatment was confirmed to promote MPB64 secretion even in a sputum sample, demonstrating that the  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  complex can be detected rapidly and conveniently from a biological sample. 
       INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY 
       [0054]    The present invention provides a method for detecting a  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  complex which can be conveniently and rapidly performed directly from a biological sample containing the  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  complex without culture operation by heat-treating the biological sample at a predetermined temperature and immunologically assaying a  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  complex-specific secretory protein thus extracellularly secreted, and also provides a kit directed thereto. The present invention is useful not only for the detection of the  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  complex but for the appropriate diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis.