Abstract:
A method of registering the securities of a blank check company and implementing the related plan of operations. The disclosed methodology for a blank check company integrates the requirements of Securities and Exchange Commission Rule 415 and 419 with a registered offering on Form S-1 that contemplates several classes of gift, resale and stock issuance transactions and provides an integrated framework for implementing a business combination and providing appropriate disclosure to all stockholders.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS  
       [0001]    This application is a continuation in part of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/317,453, filed Dec. 12, 2002, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/340,241, filed Dec. 12, 2001. 
     
    
     
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0002]    This invention relates to an additional business method for the preparation of a fully integrated registration statement under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (Securities Act) for the stock of a blank check company and the implementation of the business methods and plan of operations described in the registration statement.  
           [0003]    Most private companies that decide to go public do so because they need to raise additional capital for existing operations or corporate expansion. Nevertheless, the need for financing is not the only reason that private companies decide to go public.  
           [0004]    A more fundamental issue is the overall impact of the going-public transaction itself on total stockholder value. In optimal cases where 100% ownership can be transferred to the purchaser, an established privately held company would ordinarily be valued at three to six times its annual earnings. If a majority stockholder wants to sell less than a 100% interest in a privately held company, the earnings multiple is usually discounted significantly. In the absence of a carefully articulated “exit strategy” for investors, it is almost impossible to sell a minority interest in a privately held company to a third-party who does not already have an ownership interest in that company.  
           [0005]    In comparison, the stock of an established publicly-held company will ordinarily trade at a value of 12 to 24 times annual earnings, and the multiple may be significantly higher. In a public company context, the price/earnings multiple is ordinarily based on a fundamental assumption that an open market transaction will involve the sale of an insignificant minority interest. In cases where a larger interest is to be sold, the transaction will ordinarily occur at either a premium or a discount to the established price/earnings multiple based on a variety of factors.  
           [0006]    Due to the historical differences between private and public company valuations, “going-public” transactions, as a class, create higher percentage gains for existing stockholders than any other class of corporate transactions. Going-public transactions, which can ordinarily be completed over a period of six to nine months, usually generate a 300% to 500% increase in total stockholder value and in many cases; the percentage gains are much higher. In all but the most extraordinary situations, it would take years for an established private company to generate comparable increases in total stockholder value.  
           [0007]    Other important factors that frequently influence a private company&#39;s decision to go public include: providing investment liquidity for stockholders; facilitating equity-based compensation, facilitating retirement planning and management succession; facilitating estate planning by establishing a “market value” for a company; preparing a foundation for future equity and/or debt financing; and, creating an “alternative currency” (i.e., publicly traded shares) that can be used for acquisitions.  
           [0008]    Why Would a Private Company Consider a Shell Transaction? 
           [0009]    In cases where the primary motivating factor is a current need for additional capital, a traditional IPO is almost always preferable to a business combination with an existing public shell. In other cases, a business combination with an existing public shell may be an attractive alternative. The following paragraphs highlight some of the principal differences between an IPO and a business combination with an existing shell.  
           [0010]    Financing Proceeds. An IPO usually generates substantial cash proceeds. Business combinations do not usually generate substantial cash proceeds.  
           [0011]    Impact of Market Trends. The IPO market can be very “trendy” and if a company is not in a “hot” industry it can be difficult or impossible to conduct an IPO. The business combination market is frequently less concerned with current trends.  
           [0012]    Development of Secondary Markets. After an IPO secondary trading markets develop rapidly, the markets are generally liquid and there is usually a good balance between sellers and buyers. After a business combination, secondary trading markets develop more slowly, liquidity is frequently a problem and there are often more sellers than buyers.  
           [0013]    Sensitivity to Market Conditions. The IPO market is very sensitive to market conditions and underwritten offerings are often aborted or delayed at a relatively late stage in the process. The business combination market has less sensitivity to current market conditions and transactions are less likely to be aborted or delayed in their final stages.  
           [0014]    Level of Public Visibility. The IPO market has a high degree of visibility, and companies that complete an IPO find it relatively easy to develop “institutional” interest in their stock. The business combination market has relatively low visibility and companies often find it more difficult to develop “institutional” interest in their stock.  
           [0015]    Perception of Value. Because of the intense competition and extensive due diligence associated with the IPO process, companies that complete an IPO can be perceived as more substantial and credible. Companies that engage in business combination transactions are often viewed with skepticism for an extended period of time.  
           [0016]    What are the Principal Value Considerations in Evaluating Public Shells? 
           [0017]    The generic term “public shell” can be used to describe any existing company that (a) has no substantial ongoing business activities, (b) has a relatively large stockholder base, and (c) has outstanding stock that may be lawfully resold by the existing stockholders in the public securities markets. Within this broad definition, there are substantial variations in the structure, value and overall utility of public shells. The principal factors that are typically considered when evaluating the overall utility and value of a particular shell include:  
           [0018]    Control Status. Public shells that can offer a controlling interest to the owners of a private company are generally more desirable than shells that cannot implement a change in control.  
           [0019]    Securities Act Registration. Public shells that have the ability effect a business combination by issuing stock that has been registered under the Securities Act are generally more desirable than shells that can only issue restricted stock.  
           [0020]    Exchange Act Registration. Public shells that have registered their stock under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (Exchange Act), are generally more desirable than shells that will be required to register with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC or Commission) at some future date.  
           [0021]    Trading Status. Public shells that are currently listed for trading or eligible for immediate listing are generally more desirable than shells that will be required to pursue a listing at a future date.  
           [0022]    Available Resources. Public shells that have available resources, particularly cash resources, are generally more desirable than shells that have no available resources.  
           [0023]    Prior Operations. Public shells that have no prior operations are generally more desirable than shells that have prior operations and the potential for contingent liabilities.  
           [0024]    Stock Distribution. Public shells that have a substantial number of existing stockholders and a relatively even distribution of stock ownership are generally more desirable than shells that have a small number of stockholders, or a few stockholders who control large blocks of stock.  
           [0025]    What is a “Blank Check Company?” 
           [0026]    A blank check company is a development stage company that has no specific business plan or purpose, or has indicated its business plan is to engage in a merger or acquisition with an unidentified company or companies, other entity, or person. The term “Blank Check Company” is a statutory concept embodied in Section 7(b) of the Securities Act, which provides as follows:  
           [0027]    (1) The Commission shall prescribe special rules with respect to registration statements filed by any issuer that is a blank check company. Such rules may, as the Commission determines necessary or appropriate in the public interest or for the protection of investors— 
           [0028]    (A) require such issuers to provide timely disclosure, prior to or after such statement becomes effective under section 8, of (i) information regarding the company to be acquired and the specific application of the proceeds of the offering, or (ii) additional information necessary to prevent such statement from being misleading;  
           [0029]    (B) place limitations on the use of such proceeds and the distribution of securities by such issuer until the disclosures required under subparagraph (A) have been made; and  
           [0030]    (C) provide a right of rescission to shareholders of such securities.  
           [0031]    (2) The Commission may, as it determines consistent with the public interest and the protection of investors, by rule or order exempt any issuer or class of issuers from the rules prescribed under paragraph (1).  
           [0032]    (3) For purposes of paragraph (1) of this subsection, the term “blank check company” means any development stage company that is issuing a penny stock (within the meaning of section 3 (a)(51) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) and that— 
           [0033]    (A) has no specific business plan or purpose; or  
           [0034]    (B) has indicated that its business plan is to merge with an unidentified company or companies.  
           [0035]    Reduced to fundamentals, a blank check company is any corporation that intends to conduct or has already conducted a registered public offering of securities for the principal purpose of creating a publicly held corporate shell that will attempt to enter into a business combination with a private company.  
           [0036]    What Motivates the Principal Parties to a Blank Check Company Transaction? 
           [0037]    The principal goals of the various classes of parties to a business combination transaction involving a blank check company are relatively simple to enumerate:  
           [0038]    (1) The promoters of a blank check company hope to sell a controlling interest in the blank check company to the owners of targets at a significantly higher price per share than the average price per share paid by them, thereby deriving significant gains when their stock is sold;  
           [0039]    (2) The public stockholders in a blank check company hope the promoters will be able to negotiate a business combination with a private company on terms that significantly increase the value of their shares;  
           [0040]    (3) The private company that engages in a business combination with a blank check company hopes that (a) the nature of a blank check company will minimize the risk that the combined companies will be subject to undisclosed third-party liabilities (b) increases in the market value of its stock after the business combination will be sufficient to offset the interest in the combined companies that is retained by the existing stockholders of the blank check company, and (c) total stockholder value will increase significantly; and  
           [0041]    (4) The stockholders of the private company hope that they will benefit from (a) increased investment liquidity, and (b) a market price for the public company shares that is significantly greater than the market price for their private company shares.  
           [0042]    Introduction to Rule 419  
           [0043]    In response to the mandate of Section 7(b), the SEC adopted Rule 419, which requires blank check companies to implement certain safekeeping, disclosure and reconfirmation procedures in their public offerings, including:  
           [0044]    (1) Depositing at least 90% of any subscription proceeds in escrow for the sole benefit of investors until the requirements of Rule 419 have been satisfied and an acquisition has been completed;  
           [0045]    (2) Giving investors an opportunity to reconfirm their investment decision after reviewing a final prospectus that contains detailed disclosure on the proposed acquisition;  
           [0046]    (3) Providing for the pro rata refund of any escrowed funds to investors who do not reconfirm their subscriptions; and  
           [0047]    (4) Providing for the automatic distribution of all escrowed funds if (a) an acquisition is not completed within 18 months, or (b) a specified percentage of investors do not reconfirm their subscriptions in writing.  
           [0048]    Rule 419 was adopted by the SEC on Apr. 13, 1992 and became effective approximately 90 days later. The Rule applied to all registration statements pending on the effective date or filed after the effective date.  
           [0049]    What are the Earlier Methods used in Rule 419 Offerings? 
           [0050]    Since 1992, approximately 200 registration statements have been filed for blank check companies that wanted to conduct a public offering of securities pursuant to Rule 419. Referring now to FIGS. 1 a  and  1   b,  there is illustrated a flow chart of the offering, operating, and closing procedures that must be followed by a blank check company that proposes to conduct an offering of securities pursuant to the requirements of Rule 419. Those registration statements have included the following classes of securities:  
           [0051]    (1) An original issuance of common stock for cash;  
           [0052]    (2) In approximately 20% of the offerings, the registration statement also made provisions for an original issuance of stock purchase warrants and the registration of the underlying common stock; and  
           [0053]    (3) In approximately 15% of the offerings, the registration statement also made provisions for the open market resale of stock held by the promoters after the completion of a business combination.  
           [0054]    While a relatively small percentage of the existing registration statements provide for the open market resale of outstanding shares held by promoters, these resales have nothing to do with the plan of operations itself. It should also be noted that the prior registration statements for Rule 419 offerings uniformly fail to provide for:  
           [0055]    (1) The registration of stock to be issued to employees and advisors in compensatory transactions;  
           [0056]    (2) The registration of stock to be issued to owners of a private company in connection with an acquisition transaction;  
           [0057]    (3) The registration of outstanding stock to be transferred to owners of a private company in connection with an acquisition transaction; and  
           [0058]    (4) A prohibition on the resale of outstanding shares by promoters without registration if the shares are not purchased by the owners of a private company.  
           [0059]    How Do Earlier Methods Work Under Applicable Law? 
           [0060]    The Securities Act is unique in American law in that it begins with a presumption of illegality. Under the Securities Act, every offer to sell a security and every sale of a security is illegal unless the offer and the sale are registered under the Securities Act, or affected pursuant to a specific statutory or regulatory exemption from registration. Unlike most fields of American law, the burden of proving the availability of a particular exemption is on the person claiming the benefit thereof. Simply stated, every offer to sell a security and every sale of a security is presumed to be illegal unless the seller has registered the transaction or can establish the availability of an exemption.  
           [0061]    For the sake of administrative convenience, and in recognition of the fact that many issuer transactions involve multiple related offers and sales of securities, the Securities Act and the associated Rules frequently speak in terms of “offerings,” rather than individual offers and sales. But in the final analysis, the legality of a particular offering will be determined by evaluating the facts and circumstances surrounding the individual offers and the individual sales that constitute the offering. For an example, if an exempt offering is being made to residents of a single state, the existence of a single out-of-state purchaser will be sufficient to defeat the claim of exemption. Similarly, if an exempt offering is being made only to persons who meet certain suitability requirements, the existence of a single unsuitable investor will be sufficient to defeat the claim of exemption. Once a determination is made that an issuer has violated the law, the principal remedy is restitution. Therefore, if a violation occurs in connection with an exempt offering, the purchasers of the securities have the right to require the issuer to refund all of the offering proceeds, together with interest.  
           [0062]    One of the most difficult areas in securities law is determining whether a series of offerings by the same issuer are to be evaluated individually, as separate offerings, or collectively, as parts of an integrated plan of financing.  
           [0063]    The SEC&#39;s long-standing “integration doctrine” is described in Rule 502(a) and provides that two or more offerings by the same issuer may, depending on the facts and circumstances, be treated as a single integrated offering. Rule 502(a) also identifies the following factors as being important to a determination as to whether two or more offerings should be integrated: (a) whether the sales are part of a single plan of financing; (b) whether the sales involve the issuance of the same class of securities; (c) whether the sales have been made at or about the same time; (d) whether the same type of consideration is received by the issuer; and (e) whether the sales are made for the same general purpose.  
           [0064]    The current state of the art in Rule 419 offerings is to attempt to separate the registered transaction from the business combination transaction, i.e., to treat the sale of stock to the public for cash, and the issuance of stock to acquire a private company as separate and distinct transactions. The current state of the art in Rule 419 offerings also separates the registered transaction from any compensatory transactions.  
           [0065]    Under the integration doctrine, however, it is inherently problematic for a blank check company to (a) conduct a registered public offering of securities for cash and deposit 90% of the offering proceeds in escrow pending completion of a business combination transaction; (b) negotiate a business combination transaction in reliance on a claim of exemption and defer the closing until after the cash purchasers have received a detailed prospectus for a registered reconfirmation offering; and (c) provide information on the business combination transaction to the cash purchasers as a condition precedent to the lawful completion of the registered public offering. The risks associated with attempting to effect a valid exempt offering during a period of time when the issuer has an open and effective registration statement are simply too great.  
           [0066]    A similar problem arises under the SEC&#39;s long-standing “general solicitation doctrine” which holds that the act of filing a registration statement constitutes a “general solicitation” of prospective purchasers that begins when the registration statement is filed and does not end until after the offering is completed or terminated.  
           [0067]    Since substantially all of the available exemptions from registration include express prohibitions against general solicitation, the general solicitation doctrine is also inherently problematic for blank check companies.  
           [0068]    What is needed, therefore, is a business method whereby the cash transactions, any compensatory transactions and the business combination transaction can be treated as a single integrated whole that is fully registered under the Securities Act.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0069]    The invention comprises a business method that will be disclosed in a registration statement for a blank check company and implemented after the effective date of the registration statement. This business method registers in advance each of principal classes of transactions that are likely to arise in connection with the public distribution of the blank check company&#39;s shares and the implementation of its business plan. The disclosed business method integrates in a single registration statement (a) the registration of certain outstanding securities that will be distributed by the issuer&#39;s principal stockholders to a large number of family members, personal friends and business acquaintances of as bona-fide gifts; (b) the registration and resale of certain outstanding securities in connection with compensatory transactions; (c) the registration and resale of certain outstanding securities as an integral element of the blank check company&#39;s plan of operations; and (d) the registration and issuance by the blank check company of securities in connection with a business combination. The disclosed business method is fundamentally different from every prior registration statement filed on behalf of a blank check company. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0070]    For a more complete understanding of the present invention and the advantages thereof, reference is now made to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:  
         [0071]    [0071]FIG. 1 a  illustrates a flow chart of the offering procedures that must be followed by a blank check company that proposes to conduct an offering of securities pursuant to the requirements of Rule 419;  
         [0072]    [0072]FIG. 1 b  illustrates a flow chart of the operating and closing procedures that are typically followed by a blank check company during the period between the completion of its initial cash offering and the completion of its reconfirmation under Rule 419;  
         [0073]    [0073]FIG. 2 a  illustrates a flow chart of the offering procedures that will be followed by a blank check company that proposes to conduct a distribution of gift shares pursuant to both the requirements of Rule 419 and a disclosed embodiment;  
         [0074]    [0074]FIG. 2 b  illustrates a flow chart of the operating procedures that will be followed by a blank check company that proposes to conduct an offering of securities pursuant to both the requirements of Rule 419 and a disclosed embodiment during the period between the completion of its gift share distribution and the completion of the reconfirmation offering; and  
         [0075]    [0075]FIG. 2 c  illustrates a flow chart of the closing procedures that will be followed by a blank check company that proposes to conduct an offering of securities pursuant to both the requirements of Rule 419 and a disclosed embodiment. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
       [0076]    The disclosed business method abandons the underlying premise of the earlier methods: that the initial public offering; any compensatory transactions; the business combination and the resale of previously outstanding securities can be rationally treated as separate transactions. Accordingly, the disclosed business method treats the entire sequence of transactions as a single integrated whole and includes up to 90% of the shares of stock that the company has issued in the past and all shares the blank check company intends to issue in the future in its registration statement.  
         [0077]    Referring now to FIGS. 2 a,    2   b,  and  2   c,  there is illustrated a flow chart of the offering, operating, and closing procedures that will be followed by a blank check company that proposes to conduct an offering of securities pursuant to both the requirements of Rule 419 and a disclosed embodiment. The disclosed blank check company methodology views as a single integrated whole, the following series of transactions:  
         [0078]    (1) The blank check company registers a block of outstanding securities that principal stockholders of the blank check company will distribute to family members, personal friends and business acquaintances as bona fide gifts. In the preferred embodiment, 500 gift shares will be distributed to each of 800 individual donees.  
         [0079]    (2) Since the shares distributed to the public as gifts will not result in the transfer of consideration to the principal stockholders of the blank check company, there will be no cash proceeds to deposit in escrow. Nevertheless, the stock certificates representing gift shares will be deposited in escrow until the company completes its mandatory reconfirmation offering and closes a business combination.  
         [0080]    (3) The principal stockholders of the blank check company negotiate the optional resale of a modest number of founders&#39; shares (200,000 shares in the preferred embodiment) to the company&#39;s employees and advisors and defer the closing of the transaction until after its mandatory reconfirmation offering is completed;  
         [0081]    (4) The blank check company negotiates the terms of a business combination with a private company and defers the closing until after its mandatory reconfirmation offering is completed;  
         [0082]    (5) The principal stockholders of the blank check company negotiate the optional resale of all or a substantial portion of their founders&#39; shares (1,400,000 shares in the preferred embodiment) in connection with a business combination and defer the closing of the transaction until after its mandatory reconfirmation offering is completed;  
         [0083]    (6) The blank check company provides detailed pro forma disclosure on the business, management and finances of the combined companies to the stockholders of the private company, the gift share recipients and the persons who agree to purchase the founders&#39; shares; and  
         [0084]    (7) After reviewing the detailed pro forma disclosure on the business, management and finances of the combined companies, the gift share recipients have the right to either remain stockholders or surrender their shares for cancellation, and the purchasers of founders&#39; shares have the right to decide whether to close the purchase transactions.  
         [0085]    The disclosed registration statement is based upon the fundamental premise that the prior art in the field of blank check companies is inherently flawed and presents unreasonable and irreconcilable risks for promoters, investors, private companies and the owners of private companies because it attempts to (a) separate the initial public offering from the business combination transaction, in contravention of the integration doctrine, and (b) effect a valid exempt offering during a period of time when the issuer has an effective registration statement outstanding, in contravention of the general solicitation doctrine.  
         [0086]    The disclosed business method is the result of a long-term effort to understand and balance the needs of promoters, investors, private companies and the owners of such companies, and to provide a fully transparent framework for an integrated series of related transactions. Accordingly, the registration statement is a radical departure from the prior art.  
         [0087]    The Technical Elements  
         [0088]    The following sub-sections address the individual technical elements of the preferred embodiment of the disclosed business method, plan and structure. Securities Registered. The preferred embodiment registers up to 90% of the stock that has been previously issued by a blank check company, together with all of the shares that will be issued by the blank check company in connection with a business combination transaction, specifically:  
         [0089]    Gift Shares. All shares that will be given to family members, personal friends and business acquaintances of the principal stockholders of the blank check company are included in the registration statement.  
         [0090]    Founders&#39; Shares. A substantial block of founders&#39; shares are registered for resale by the principal stockholders of the blank check company, but only in connection with compensatory transactions or the negotiation of a business combination transaction. Any founders&#39; shares that are not sold in connection with compensatory transactions or a business combination will be removed from registration in connection with the reconfirmation offering.  
         [0091]    Compensatory transactions. In the preferred embodiment, a block of 200,000 founders&#39; shares that will be offered to employees and advisors in connection with compensatory transactions are included in the registration statement. Transactions with employees and advisors are represented by agreements that confer a contingent stock purchase right that cannot be exercised until the blank check company negotiates and closes a business combination. The registration of shares that will be resold in connection with compensatory transactions gives the blank check company an opportunity to use its shares as partial compensation for necessary services, thereby increasing the cash resources available to the combined companies.  
         [0092]    Business combination transactions. In the preferred embodiment, a block of 1,400,000 founders&#39; shares that will be offered to the stockholders of a target in connection with a business combination are included in the registration statement.  
         [0093]    This special purpose registration of founders&#39; shares gives the founders of the blank check company an opportunity to recover their costs and generate an up-front profit on the transaction, while giving the stockholders of the target company an opportunity to significantly increase their ultimate ownership interest in the combined companies. The registration of founders&#39; shares also (a) insures full and fair disclosure of the payments received by persons who may be deemed to be “promoters,” and (b) prevents the promoters from freely selling their shares into the market after the completion of a business combination.  
         [0094]    Acquisition Shares. In the preferred embodiment, a block of 12,600,000 acquisition shares that will issued by the blank check company in connection a business combination transaction are included in the registration statement. While shares issued to officers, directors and certain affiliates of the private company will be subject to regulatory restrictions on resale, this registration of acquisition shares gives the blank check company the ability to provide immediate liquidity to the small stockholders of a private company in connection with a business combination.  
         [0095]    Protection for Public Investors. In the preferred embodiment, the principal stockholders of the blank check company will transfer a portion of their portfolio shares to the public investors as bona fide gifts. Since the public investors will not be required or permitted to pay for gift shares, they will have no funds at risk in the venture.  
         [0096]    Protection for the Private Company. The preferred embodiment incorporates four unique elements that increase the level of protection to a private company, specifically:  
         [0097]    Broad and level gift share distribution. A common problem associated with shell transactions is the possibility that a relatively small number of stockholders will own an inordinately high percentage of the public float (i.e. shares that can be freely resold in the secondary market). In such an event, a small number of stockholders could manipulate the market price by either withholding their shares from the market to artificially increase prices, or by dumping shares into the market to artificially depress prices. To minimize this possibility, the preferred embodiment transfers 500 shares to each of 800 donees. By establishing a fixed number of shares that can be given to a single donee, the preferred embodiment permits a blank check company to achieve an absolutely even share distribution and prevent an untoward a concentration of power in the hands of a small number of stockholders.  
         [0098]    Limitations on Resale. A second common problem associated with shell transactions is the likelihood that a relatively small number of purchasers will ordinarily be responsible the bulk of the stock purchases in a developing secondary market. History has shown that the number of stockholders of record typically declines rapidly as a secondary market develops. This fact can frequently create problems when the combined companies seek a listing on the NASDAQ market or other stock exchange because such markets ordinarily require a minimum number of public stockholders as a condition of listing. To eliminate this possibility over the short term, the preferred embodiment includes provisions that require donees to retain ownership of at least 100 gift shares until the earlier of (a) 6 months after the closing of a business combination, or (b) the listing of the shares of the combined companies on NASDAQ. To implement the foregoing restriction, the preferred embodiment authorizes the blank check company to issue two stock certificates to each stockholder, one for 100 shares and a second for the balance of the shares. In the preferred embodiment, the certificate for 100 shares will be imprinted with a restrictive legend that describes the applicable limitations on transfer.  
         [0099]    Resale Restrictions on Employees and Advisors. A third common problem with shell transactions arises when shares are issued or sold in connection with compensatory transactions. In these cases, the recipients have a marked tendency to resell their shares rapidly, and often without adequate regard to market conditions. To prevent purchasers from acting in a manner that would be likely to have an adverse impact on the market for the stock of the combined companies, the preferred embodiment contains trading restrictions that prohibit such holders from (a) engaging in activities that promote or maintain a market for the stock, (b) engaging in “buy-side” trading activities, hedging transactions or other activities that could reasonably be expected to influence the market, (c) selling shares at a discount to the quoted bid price, (d) engaging in multiple sales during a 5-day period where the selling price is less than the previous price received, or (e) selling more than 10% of their original holdings in any calendar month.  
         [0100]    Prohibition on Resale by Promoters. A fourth common problem that arises in connection with a shell transaction is the ability of the promoters to control or significantly influence the market price by their trading behavior. To prevent market manipulation by the promoters, the preferred embodiment provides that all shares retained by the promoters will be removed from registration on the effective date of the prospectus for the reconfirmation offering. These limitations effectively exclude the promoters from the market for a period of one year after the closing date unless the blank check company elects to file a registration statement for promoters&#39; shares. After the expiration of the first year, the promoters&#39; ability to resell their shares without registration will be subject to normal resale rules for similar unregistered securities.  
         [0101]    Unique Disclosures. The preferred embodiment permits two unique disclosure elements that improve the quality of information provided to donees and potential targets and facilitate well-reasoned investment decisions, specifically:  
         [0102]    Acquisition Plan. In the prior art, it was impossible for a public investor to know what the potential future capital structure of the blank check company would be. Since and specifies the conditions under which shares can be issued or transferred, it it possible for the prospectus to provide an understandable disclosure of the potential future capital structure of the combined companies, substantially in a following exemplary format:  
         [0103]    “We have registered 12,600,000 acquisition shares that we will offer to issue in connection with a business combination. We have also registered 2,000,000 shares that are owned by four officers of our company who are identified as selling stockholders in this prospectus. The principal components of our planned distribution are:  
         [0104]    A gift share distribution that will make us a public company; and  
         [0105]    A business combination with an unidentified target that will make us an operating company.  
         [0106]    In connection with the gift share distribution, our officers will give 400,000 shares of our stock to family members personal friends and business acquaintances selected by them. Each donee will receive 500 gift shares and be subject to the restrictions described in this prospectus. Our officers will not receive money, property or other consideration from any donee in connection with the gift share distribution. Upon completion of the gift share distribution, we will have 804 stockholders and 2,400,000 shares outstanding.  
         [0107]    In connection with a business combination, our company will offer to issue up to 12.600,000 acquisition shares to the owners of a target. Concurrently, our officers will offer to resell up to 1,600,000 founders&#39; shares to our advisors, owners of a target and other participants in the business combination. We will receive property in connection with the issuance of of acquisition shares, but our officers will keep any proceeds from the resale of founders&#39; shares. We will have up to 15,000,000 shares outstanding upon completion of a business combination.  
         [0108]    The following example provides summary forward-looking information on the future ownership of our company assuming that 12,600,000 acquisition shares are issued in connection with a business combination, 1,400,000 founders&#39; shares are sold to the owners of a target and 200,000 founders&#39; shares are sold to our advisors.  
                                                                             Share                   Current   purchases   Future   Percent       Our Officers   capitalization   and (sales)   capitalization   of total                                Shares current-   2,400,000                   ly outstanding       Gift shares       (400,000)       transferred to       donees       Founders&#39;       (200,000)       shares sold to       advisors       Founders&#39;   —   (1,400,000)       shares sold to       owners of the       target       Total   2,400,000   (2,000,000)   400,000   2.67%       Gift Share   —   400,000   400,000   2.67%       Donees       Advisors to our   —   200,000   200,000   1.33%       company       Owners of the       target       Founders&#39;   —   1,400,000       shares       purchased       Acquisition   —   12,600,000       shares received       Total       14,000,000   14,000,000   93.33%       Total shares           15,000,000   100.00%”       outstanding       after business       combination                  
 
         [0109]    While the actual numbers and ratios may be modified to fit the specific needs of a particular blank check company, and therefore present only one potential embodiment of the concept, the ability to define the outer limits of future capital structure is unique.  
         [0110]    Dilution. In the prior art, dilution was calculated by (1) calculating the net tangible book value per share prior to the offering, (2) adding the net offering proceeds to the net tangible book value of the blank check company in order to determine net tangible book value after the offering, and (3) dividing the net tangible book value of the blank check company after the offering by the number of shares then outstanding to determine the net dilution to the cash investors. Since the preferred embodiment (a) requires the founders to provide all necessary funds for the corporation, (b) prohibits the payment of money in connection with the gift share distribution, and (c) prohibits the purchase of founders&#39; shares until a business combination has closed, it is possible for the prospectus to provide an easily understandable dilution disclosure, substantially in the following exemplary format:  
         [0111]    “Our net tangible book value is $45,000, or approximately $0.02 per share, on the date of this prospectus. Since the gift share distribution involves the transfer of issued and outstanding shares that are currently owned by our officers, it will not change the net tangible book value of our shares. We cannot predict whether a future business combination will dilute the net tangible book value of our shares, but we believe such an outcome is unlikely. If appropriate, the prospectus for our reconfirmation offering will include a detailed dilution discussion.” 
         [0112]    While the actual numbers and ratios may be modified to fit the specific needs of a particular blank check company, and therefore present only one potential embodiment of the concept, the elimination of the possibility for dilution is unique.  
         [0113]    The Anticipated Benefits  
         [0114]    The following sub-sections address the specific economic benefits to promoters, investors, private companies and the owners of private companies that are expected to flow from the implementation of the preferred embodiment of the disclosed business method, plan and structure.  
         [0115]    Promoters. The principal goal of any promoter is to earn a profit for his investment of time, effort and money. And the promoter&#39;s job is a difficult one. Much like the old story of “Stone Soup” that many heard as children, the promoter has to bring together the money, talent and business fundamentals required for a successful public company. And he has to find a way to fairly and transparently compensate all of these elements.  
         [0116]    In a typical blank check company transaction, the promoter will want to be compensated two ways. He will want an up-front cash payment to cover his costs of doing business. And he will want a back-end equity interest that permits him to share in the upside potential of a successful deal. He will also want the ability to divide his up-front and back-end compensation among the various members of his group to reflect the relative value of their individual contributions to the overall promotional effort.  
         [0117]    Up-front Cash. There are only three ways for the promoter of a blank check company to receive an up-front cash payment. He can (a) demand that the blank check company pay a cash fee, (b) demand that the target pay a cash fee, or (c) sell a portion of his stock in the blank check company to the owners of the target for cash. Each of these methods of obtaining up-front cash has its own set of advantages and disadvantages. The following Table 1 attempts to summarize the principal advantages and disadvantages of each alternative in a logical format.  
                             TABLE 1                           Comparison of Up-Front Cash Sources            Source of Up-Front Cash   Advantages   Disadvantages               Company pays cash fee   Full up-front disclosure   Difficult to structure               and explain           Readily determinable   No opportunity for           amount   negotiation               Based on inflexible               formulas               Not necessarily               “results               oriented”               Significantly re-               duces available cash       Target pays cash fee   True arm&#39;s-length   Limited up-front           negotiation   disclosure           Transaction specific   Mandatory deal           amount   point that               significantly reduces               available cash           Complete flexibility in   Immense potential           amount   for conflicts of               interest or breach               of fiduciary duty       Owners of target   True arm&#39;s-length   Limited up-front       purchase stock   negotiation   disclosure           Optional deal point           Completely flexible           transaction specific           amount           Does not reduce           available cash           Reduced potential for           conflicts of interest or           breach of fiduciary duty                  
 
         [0118]    After considering the various alternatives, the most sensible approach is the sale of all or a portion of the promoter&#39;s original ownership interest to the owners of a target for cash. In this case, the blank check company is not obligated to pay specific and inflexible fees to the promoters and the promoters have no ability to arbitrarily establish the terms of their cash compensation. Likewise, the target is not obligated to pay any fees to the promoters and the promoters have a reduced ability to increase their cash compensation at the expense of the investors. In addition, the cash in the blank check company and the financial resources of the target remain available to finance the operations of the combined companies. Finally, the sale of stock for cash by the promoter(s) is a completely optional deal point that can be tailored to fit the particular needs of the specific parties to an actual transaction. If the promoter is presented with a situation where the upside potential of the back-end interest is more valuable to him than the up-front cash, he can elect to reduce his up-front payment and retain a larger back-end interest. In effect, the only limitation on deal structure is the creativity of the promoter and the owners of the target.  
         [0119]    Thus the sale of stock for cash by the promoters provides a clearly identifiable benchmark by which the fairness of the overall transaction may be evaluated. If the promoters, for example, receive a cash price of $1 per share and the value of the property received by the blank check company is only $0.50 per share, then there is clear evidence that the promoters have derived a personal advantage at a significant cost to the public stockholders. Since cash is inherently easier to value than property, and since hindsight is always more accurate than foresight, it would be foolish to negotiate a transaction where the cash value received by the promoters was more than approximately 50% of the property value received by the blank check company.  
         [0120]    To facilitate the sale of a portion of the promoter&#39;s interest in order to generate up-front cash, the preferred embodiment includes a total of 1,600,000 founders&#39; shares that were purchased by the promoters in connection with their organization of the company. Up to 200,000 of these shares may be sold to employees and advisors in connection with compensatory transactions. The remaining 1,400,000 shares may only be sold to the owners of a target in connection with a business combination. If the shares are not to employees or the owners of a target, the shares must be removed from registration and may not thereafter be sold by the promoters in the absence of registration under the Securities Act, or an exemption from registration that has been specifically discussed in advance with the staff of the SEC.  
         [0121]    In the preferred embodiment, a total of 2,400,000 were issued to the promoters. Of this total, 400,000 shares have been registered for distribution as gift shares and 1,600,000 have been registered for resale as founders&#39; shares. The maximum number of shares that can be issued by the company in connection with an acquisition is 12,600,000. Therefore, if the owners of a target do not purchase any of the founders&#39; shares, their maximum potential interest in the combined companies will be 84%. If, on the other hand, 200,000 founders shares are transferred to employees and advisors and the owners of the target purchase the remaining 1,400,00 founders&#39; shares, their interest in the combined companies may be as high as 93.33%.  
         [0122]    Back-end Equity. Continuing with the example, the preferred embodiment provides that 400,000 of the shares originally issued to the promoters will not be included in the registration statement. These shares are restricted securities that are intended to leave the promoters&#39; with a significant back-end equity interest that they will hold for investment.  
         [0123]    Public stockholders. The principal goal of the public stockholders in a blank check company is to minimize their potential losses and maximize their potential gains.  
         [0124]    The preferred methodology relies on a gift share distribution to create the necessary public float. No public stockholder will have any property at risk in the venture and since the shares are distributed as gifts, no public stockholder will have the ability to demand or receive an inordinate share of the shares distributed to the public.  
         [0125]    This element is a clear departure from the prior art because all of the prior art blank check company registration statements required public stockholders to purchase and pay for their shares.  
         [0126]    Private Companies. Private companies that are interested in pursuing a business combination with a public shell are principally concerned that (1) the shell&#39;s assets and liabilities are as represented, (2) there are no undisclosed or contingent liabilities, (3) the shell has a sufficiently large stockholder base to qualify for a NASDAQ listing, and (4) that the principal stockholders of the shell are restrained from dumping their shares into a developing market.  
         [0127]    The registration statement of the disclosed methodology contains a number of unique features that minimize the risk to private companies, including:  
         [0128]    (1) Full registration of all shares that have previously issued or intended to be issued, which minimizes the risk of undiscovered liabilities under the Securities Act;  
         [0129]    (2) A plan of distribution that is designed to maximize the number of stockholders and provide for an even distribution of stock ownership;  
         [0130]    (3) A requirement that all investors retain ownership of at least 100 shares until the earlier of 6 months after the closing of the business combination or the listing of the stock of the combined companies on NASDAQ;  
         [0131]    (4) Novel contractual restrictions on the resale of founders&#39; shares that are sold to employees and advisors that define a code of conduct for persons who receive those shares; and  
         [0132]    (5) An outright prohibition against the unregistered resale of shares held by affiliates of the company.  
         [0133]    All of the above features that are intended to protect the private company are unique in the context of a Rule 419 offering.  
         [0134]    Owners of Private Companies. The owners of private companies that are interested in pursuing a business combination with a public shell are principally concerned with the after market performance of the stock of the combined companies and the current or future marketability of the shares held by them. The preferred embodiment is the only Rule 419 offering to ever register the acquisition shares that the company will issue to the owners of a target. Therefore, it is the only Rule 419 offering that has the potential to give minority stockholders of a target immediate liquidity.  
         [0135]    Conventional registration statements for a blank check company are based on the premise that the acquisition would be affected as a “private placement transaction” and all stockholders of the target would receive restricted securities, rather than registered securities. Since private placement transactions are ordinarily affected at a significant discount from “fair market value,” this feature of the disclosed registration statement methodology can increase the total value received by minority stockholders by up to 100%.  
         [0136]    Referring now to FIGS. 1 a  and  1   b,  there is illustrated a flow chart 100 of the offering procedures of the prior art that must be followed by a blank check company that proposes to conduct an offering of securities pursuant to the requirements of Rule 419. At step  102  the Black Check company is incorporated. At step  104  the Cash Offering is registered. At step  106  the Cash Offering is conducted. Then at step  108  it is determined if the Cash Offering was completed during the offering period. If the cash offering was not completed, then 100% of the offering proceeds are refunded. If at step  108  it is determined that the cash offering was completed during the offering period, then processing continues to step  114  wherein 10% of the proceeds are released to the company, and then at step  116 , which may be completed simultaneously to step  114 , 90% of the proceeds are deposited in escrow. A search for an Acquisition Candidate is then conducted as shown at step  117 . At step  118  a Business Combination in Reliance on a claim of exemption is negotiated. At step  120  a post-effective amendment for registered reconfirmation offering is prepared and filed. At step  122  the mandatory reconfirmation offering to cash inventors is conducted. At step  124  it is determined if the reconfirmation meets a threshold, if not then 90% of the offering proceeds plus interest are refunded. If at step  124  the threshold is met, then at step  128 , the cash purchasers who do not reconfirm investment are refunded 90% of their offering proceeds plus interest. At step  130  the business combination is closed. At step  132  it is determined whether the combination was closed within 18 months, if not then as shown in step  134 , 90% of the offering proceeds plus interest are refunded. If at step  132  it is determined the close occurred within 18 months, then as shown at step  136  the remaining escrow is released to the combined companies. At step  138  the prospectus supplement is filed and distributed. Then as shown in step  140 , the audited financial statements for the first full fiscal year after closing are distributed.  
         [0137]    [0137]FIGS. 2 a,    2   b  and  2   c  illustrate a flow chart  200  of the offering procedures that will be followed by a blank check company that proposes to conduct a distribution of gift shares pursuant to an embodiment of the present invention and Rule 419.  
         [0138]    At step  202  the Blank Check Company is incorporated. At step  204 , a registration statement is filed that includes (a) a block of previously outstanding shares that will be distributed as bona-fide gifts; (b) a block of previously outstanding shares that may be resold in connection with compensatory transactions; (c) a block of previously outstanding shares that may be resold in connection with a business combination transaction; and (d) a block of authorized and un-issued shares that may be issued in connection with a business combination. At step  206  Contemporaneous Exchange Act Registration begins, Form S-3 Qualification period on the Original Effective Date. Then at step  210  the distribution of gift shares is conducted. At step  212  it is determined if the distribution of gift shares was completed during the offering period, if not then the offering is terminated  214 , otherwise processing continues at step  216  where all of the stock certificates for gift shares are deposited in escrow.  
         [0139]    At step  222  the search for an acquisition candidate commences. At step  224  optional agreements for the resale of founders&#39; shares in connection with compensatory transactions are negotiated. The next step  226 , is to negotiate business combination in reliance on effective registration statement, and then  228  to negotiate optional resale of registered founders&#39; shares to owners of a target.  
         [0140]    At step  230  it is determined whether negotiations are completed within 15 months of the effective date. If at step  230  negotiations are not with in 15 months of the effective date, then the offering is terminated at step  232 , the certificates for gift shares are returned for cancellation, the company is liquidated  234  and a share of the liquidation proceeds are distributed to the gift share recipients  236 .  
         [0141]    If at step  230  the negotiations were within 15 months of the effective date, then at step  238  the Post-effective Amendment for Registered Reconfirmation offering is prepared and filed. At step  240  the owners of the target and the purchasers of founders&#39; shares are presented with a definitive business combination prospectus. At step  242  a mandatory reconfirmation offering is conducted to the recipients of gift shares.  
         [0142]    At step  246  it is determined if the reconfirmation meets the contract threshold, if it does not then as shown at step  248 , all certificates for gift shares are returned for cancellation, otherwise, as shown at step  250 , the certificates for gift shares registered in the name of non-consenting donees are returned for cancellation.  
         [0143]    At step  252  the business combination is then closed. At step  254  it is determined whether the business combination transaction was fully closed within 18 months. If not, then the gift shares are returned to the company for cancellation  256 , all other agreements are terminated, the company is liquidated  258  and a portion of the liquidation proceeds are distributed to the former holders of gift shares  260 .  
         [0144]    If at step  254  it is determined that the business transaction fully closed within 18 months, then processing proceeds to step  262  wherein a prospectus supplement is filed and distributed, and then all required quarterly and annual reports in accordance with the Exchange Act are distributed at step  264 .  
         [0145]    Although the preferred embodiment has been described in detail above, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations could be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.