Abstract:
A customisable insert ( 12 ) consisting of an integrated insole ( 14 ) and midsole ( 16 ) customised to match the internal profile of an item of footwear in which it will be used. Preferably, the item of footwear consists solely of an outsole ( 18 ) and an upper ( 20 ). A further aspect of the invention relates to a method of customising foot support for footwear including the steps of: identifying a foot type of at least one foot of a person; and prescribing a foot support insert type for an item of footwear, the insert type corresponding to the identified foot type. The prescribed insert type comprises an integrated insole ( 14 ) and midsole ( 16 ) customised to match the internal profile of the item of footwear.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0001]    The present invention relates to customisable inserts, footwear adapted to be used with the customisable inserts and a method of selecting an insert for footwear. 
       BACKGROUND 
       [0002]    The following discussion of the background to the invention is intended to facilitate an understanding of the present invention. However, it should be appreciated that the discussion is not an acknowledgment or admission that any of the material referred to was published, known or part of the common general knowledge in any jurisdiction as at the priority date of the application. 
         [0003]    Shoes vary in style, shape and general appearance. As a result, the three-dimensional profile of shoe soles also varies from shoe to shoe. With manufacturers making decisions on the limited number of shoe sole profiles that they will produce for a particular style of shoe, this means that people not substantially conforming with at least one of the shoe sole profiles will not be able to properly wear such shoes. This may then result in lost sales. 
         [0004]    Furthermore, the profile of each person&#39;s foot is unique. This means that mass-produced shoes- 13  being made for the average shape of the foot as determined by the style of shoe, region and size—are unlikely to be the optimal selection for a person. Having footwear that varies substantially from the optimal selection can result in the person&#39;s feet being susceptible to stress fractures, ankle problems and other medical problems. 
         [0005]    Also taking into account the fact that mass-produced shoes are made in mirrored pairs, even if one shoe is the optimal selection for one foot, it is unlikely that the shoe will be an optimal selection for the other foot. This means that foot-based assessment systems for determining which mass-produced shoe is most appropriate are unable to provide an optimal solution unless each foot is provided with a different style shoe which could be quite unsightly and make the wearer feel self-conscious. 
         [0006]    One method for solving this problem is for the profile of each person&#39;s feet to be analysed and a new pair of shoes developed to best suit this profile in line with the person&#39;s intended use of the shoes (for example, walking, running, or a particular sport). This process of developing customised footwear generally requires the making of a mould for the shoes and as a result involves a substantial amount of time, materials, effort and cost to produce. Also, the profile of a person&#39;s foot may change over time, due to growth, injury or ailment. With such a change in profile, the customised pair of shoes will no longer be the optimal selection for such person. 
         [0007]    One solution to the above problem is disclosed in WO 2005/058085 which discusses fabrication of custom insoles by providing insoles suitable to a particular foot width and length. The height of the insole at particular locations, and the support provided by the insole, can be adjusted through the adhering of plastic components of the desired shape and size. While the applicant notes that such a system solves the aforementioned problems, the construction of such an insole is complicated, labour intensive and not cost effective. 
         [0008]    The contours of most inserts often collapse over time. 
         [0009]    It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide inserts for shoes that overcome, or at least ameliorate in part, one or more of the aforementioned problems. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0010]    In accordance with a first aspect of the present invention there is a customisable insert consisting of an integrated insole and midsole customised to match the internal profile of an item of footwear in which it will be used. 
         [0011]    The integration of the insole and midsole provides sufficient thickness to the insert to allow for integrated moulding with the medial post as this may provide shock absorption and motion control. This has been a key problem of inserts in the past. Thin inserts do not have sufficient thickness to incorporate shock absorption and motion control elements. 
         [0012]    However, to accommodate such an insert, an item of footwear preferably consists solely of the outsole and the upper to prevent poor fit, imbalance and discomfort during use. This may allow a wearer with different foot types to have the same style shoe with different inserts suitable for their different foot types. 
         [0013]    The customisable insert is preferably further profiled to provide support for one of the following: a low arch foot type; a neutral arch foot type; or a high arch foot type. Alternatively, the customisable insert is preferably further profiled to provide support for a particular profile of a person&#39;s foot. 
         [0014]    The customisable insert may be made of one or more or a combination of the following materials: ethylene vinyl acetate, thermoplastic rubber, graphite, nylon, thermoplastic polyurethane, plastics or rubber. Where the customisable insert is provided with an arch support, ideally the material used to form the arch support (and, optionally, the surrounding region) is of a greater density than the material used to form the remainder of the insert. 
         [0015]    Further, the material used to form the arch support is preferably resilient. 
         [0016]    The insole may further include elements such as:
       a plurality of grooves to allow for flex and grip during use;   an energy returning fore-foot cushioning pad;   a balancing web;   a heel cushioning pad; and/or   a heel cup.       
 
         [0022]    In accordance with a second aspect of the present invention there is a footwear shell comprising an upper and an outsole, the footwear shell adapted to receive a customisable insert according to the first aspect of the invention. 
         [0023]    In accordance with a third aspect of the present invention there is a method of customising foot support for footwear including the steps of:
       identifying a foot type of at least one foot of a person;   prescribing a foot support insert type for an item of footwear, the insert type corresponding to the identified foot type
 
where the prescribed insert type comprises an integrated insole and midsole customised to match the internal profile of the item of footwear.
       
 
         [0026]    Preferably, the step of identifying the foot type of at least one foot of a person includes the sub-step of analysing the at least one foot by way of at least one of the following methods: foot imprint measurement; foot imaging; foot scanning; foot impression onto a material. Using this method it may be possible for a person to quickly obtain customised footwear that matches in outward appearance but may have vastly different interior profiles suitable for their foot types. 
         [0027]    The method may further include the step of selecting a style or type for the item of footwear. The style or type of the item of footwear that may be chosen may be universal or be restricted with reference to the identified foot type of the person. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0028]      FIG. 1  shows an embodiment of a customised insert for low arch foot types. 
           [0029]      FIG. 2  shows an embodiment of a customised insert for neutral foot types 
           [0030]      FIG. 3  shows an embodiment of a customised insert for high arch foot types. 
           [0031]      FIG. 4  shows an embodiment of a customised insert for motion control 
           [0032]      FIG. 5  shows an exploded view of footwear including an embodiment of the present invention with an outsole and footwear upper. 
       
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
       [0033]    In accordance with a first aspect of the invention there is an insert  12  for footwear  10 . 
         [0034]    The insert as shown in  FIGS. 1 to 4 , comprises an integrated insole  14  and a midsole  16 . The footwear  10 , as shown in  FIG. 5 , comprises an outsole  18  and an upper  20 . The upper  20  is bonded to the outsole  18  such that the footwear  10  looks like a standard shoe. 
         [0035]    The invention will now be described in the context of its intended use: A person walks into a retail outlet for the inserts. The retail outlet may be an ordinary shoe store, a specialist footwear outlet or a podiatrist&#39;s office. On requesting a new pair of shoes, the person is referred to a selection of footwear shells. Each footwear shell differs in size, width and style. The footwear shells are adapted to receive a customisable integrated insole and midsole insert. To allow this the footwear shells are typically much deeper than a standard shoe with enough space between the outsole and the upper to house the integrated insert and a foot of the wearer. 
         [0036]    Upon selection of a desired footwear shell, the profile of each foot of the person is individually assessed. In this example, the assessment is made by the person walking over a pressure sensitive pad to provide a foot imprint measurement. The foot imprint measurement is then assessed on an experiential basis to determine a foot type, width and size for that foot. 
         [0037]    On determining a foot type, width and size, an insert  12  is chosen from a set of inserts  12  in the size and profile required to meet the desired foot type. The insert  12  is then inserted to the appropriate shoe (left or right) for the profiled foot. The process is then repeated with reference to the person&#39;s other foot so that the footwear provided to them matches in outward appearance but may have vastly different interior profiles. 
         [0038]    This whole process is done very quickly often in less that 2 hours, in a matter of between 5 to 30 minutes, preferably in 7 to 20 minutes, and usually in about 10 minutes. Hence, the person can have customised footwear that suits their foot type very quickly. Instead of the 1 to 2 weeks it takes to obtain a pair of customised footwear using currently available methods this new invention allows the person to obtain a pair of customised footwear in less that  2  hours. 
         [0039]    In accordance with a variation on the first aspect of the invention, the set of inserts  12  are directed to the following foot types:
       neutral foot types;   low arched foot types, also known as flatfoot; and   high arched foot types.       
 
         [0043]    The flat foot type insert  12   a,  as shown in  FIG. 1 , is provided with a metatarsal support  110  and an arch support  100  integrated with the insole  14 . A portion  106  of the insert  12   a  starting from the heel  102  and extending along the medial side of the insert towards the ball area of the insert slightly past the centre of the insert  104  is made of a denser material, such as ethylene vinyl acetate (“EVA”). This portion of denser material  106  is longer on the flat foot type insert  12   a  to allow for smooth pronation control during the transition from heel-strike to toe-off for this foot type. 
         [0044]    The neutral foot type insert  12   b  is provided with a metatarsal support  110  and an arch support  100  integrated with the insole  14  (see  FIG. 2 ). A portion  106  of the insert  12   b  starting in the heel area  102  and extending along the medial side of the insert to a place substantially parallel to the highest point of the medial arch  108  is made of a denser material, such as ethylene vinyl acetate (“EVA”). This portion of denser material  106  is concentrated around the arch support region  100  of the neutral foot type insert  12   b  to allow for smooth pronation control during the transition from heel-strike to toe-off for this foot type. 
         [0045]    The high arch foot type insert  12   c,  as shown in  FIG. 3  is provided with a metatarsal support  110  with extra cushioning at the metatarsal area of the foot and an arch support  100  to provide more even weight distribution. The high arch foot type does not require extensive pronation control hence in this example there is no portion of denser material  106  along the medial side of the insert around the arch support region. Other examples may include a portion of denser material along the distal side of the insert for supination control. In this way the portion of denser material provides motion control. 
         [0046]    All the inserts for the neutral, the low arched and the high arched foot types is preferably provided with a metatarsal support  110  and an arch support  100  integrated with the insole  14 . The metatarsal arch support  110  helps to redistribute pressure on the middle of the foot as the wearer walks or runs. It is provided in the form of a raised section, moulded to fit roughly in the area of the ball of a wearer&#39;s foot to raise the metatarsals of the wearer. The arch support  100  provides strong support to prevent the wearer&#39;s arch from falling. 
         [0047]    The surface of the insert that comes into contact with the outsole i.e. the exposed surface of the midsole  16  is shown in  FIG. 4 . All the inserts for the different foot types preferably contain cushioning at the metatarsal area  112 . This is provided by an energy return cushioning pad made of soft flexible material that is preferably less dense than the predominant material of the inserts. In this preferred embodiment the cushioning  112  is resilient to allow the person to walk or run with minimised risk of the arch of their foot collapsing. Preferably there are balancing webs  114  on both the medial and distal side of the midsole  16  for extra stability. The balancing webs  114  are made of a hard dense material that is less flexible than the other components of the insert. Preferably there is further cushioning at the heel in the form of pads  116  made of soft flexible material that is preferably less dense than the predominant material of the inserts. The embodiment shown in  FIG. 4  has grooves  118  cut across from the distal side of the midsole  16  to the center across the toe region of the insert. This provides comfort and flexibility of the insert during motion. 
         [0048]    It should be appreciated that any customised insert as described above may be utilised with a wide variety of footwear, such as boots, shoes, sandals and sports footwear. Furthermore, the customised insert may be further modified to provide reflexology or massage effects and other medical needs. 
         [0049]    The person skilled in the art should also appreciate that the invention is not limited to the embodiments described above and that variations and modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention. Examples of such potential variations and modifications include:
       The insert may be made from a variety of materials or composite materials including: EVA, thermoplastic polyurethane (“TPU”), graphite, nylon, thermoplastic rubber (“TPR”), plastics or rubber.   The technique by which the profile of a person&#39;s foot may be obtained may be different from that described above. For example, any of the following techniques may be used to obtain such a profile: foot imaging; foot scanning; foot impression onto a material.   The profile of a person&#39;s feet may be obtained prior to selection of the footwear in which the insert will be used. In this manner, the person may be provided with a selection of recommended footwear based on the profiles obtained from which to choose from.   The insole may further include elements such as:
           a plurality of grooves to allow for flex and grip during use;   an energy returning fore-foot cushioning pad;   a balancing web;   a heel cushioning pad; and/or   a heel cup.   
               
 
         [0059]    It should be further appreciated that features described in one embodiment, not being mutually exclusive to a feature described in another embodiment, may be combined to form yet further embodiments of the invention.