Abstract:
This application discloses a process for concentration and deoiling of a slurry catalyst stream for ease of transport to a hydroprocessing unit. The slurry catalyst may then be diluted with oil for use.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0001]    This application discloses a process for concentration and deoiling of an active slurry catalyst stream. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    Slurry catalyst compositions, means for their preparation, and their use in hydroprocessing of heavy feeds are known in the refining arts. Some examples are discussed below: 
         [0003]    U.S. Pat. No. 4,710,486 discloses a process for the preparation of a dispersed Group VIB metal sulfide hydrocarbon oil hydroprocessing catalyst. Process steps include reacting aqueous ammonia and a Group VIB metal compound, such as molybdenum oxide or tungsten oxide, to form a water soluble oxygen-containing compound such as ammonium molybdate or tungstate. 
         [0004]    U.S. Pat. No. 4,970,190 discloses a process for the preparation of a dispersed Group VIB metal sulfide catalyst for use in hydrocarbon oil hydroprocessing. This catalyst is promoted with a Group VIII metal. Process steps include dissolving a Group VIB metal compound, such as molybdenum oxide or tungsten oxide, with ammonia to form a water soluble compound such as aqueous ammonium molybdate or ammonium tungstate. 
         [0005]    U.S. Pat. No. 5,053,376 discloses a process for preparing a sulfided molybdenum catalyst concentrate. A precursor catalyst concentrate is formed by mixing together: (i) a hydrocarbonaceous oil comprising constituents boiling above about 1050 degree F.; (ii) a metal compound selected from the group consisting of Groups II, III, IV, V, VIB, VIIB, and VIII of the Periodic Table of the Elements, in an amount to provide from about 0.2 to 2 wt. % metal, based on the hydrocarbonaceous oil; and (iii) elemental sulfur in an amount such that the atomic ratio of sulfur to metal is from about 1/1 to 8/1 then (b) heating the mixture to an effective temperature to produce a catalyst concentrate. Ammonium compounds may also be used in the preparation process. 
         [0006]    Following the catalyst synthesis step, the slurry catalyst material of this invention requires concentration. The slurry catalyst is transported in an oil stream. In order to maintain the pumpability of the slurry catalyst, and decrease the volume of material that the metals recovery unit must handle, reduction in the amount of the oil is desirable. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0007]    This application discloses a process for concentrating a catalyst slurry following catalyst synthesis in order to remove oil and enhance pumpability. 
         [0008]    The major steps of the process are as follows: A process for the concentration of an active slurry catalyst found in an oil stream, said process comprising the following steps:
       (a) passing a Group VI metal compound and a Group VIII metal compound to a catalyst synthesis unit, where they are combined with an oil, hydrogen sulfide gas, and hydrogen to create an active slurry catalyst in oil;   (b) passing the effluent of step (a) to a catalyst concentration zone, where a concentrated, active catalyst is produced;   (c) passing the concentrated catalyst of step (b) to the site of the hydroprocessing unit, where it is diluted in a dilution zone.       
 
         [0012]    The catalysts slurry is produced at a catalyst concentration that is judged best for its resulting activity. The concentration, however, that is best for the resulting catalyst activity provides an economically impractical volume of slurry from a shipping standpoint. In the past, this has resulted in the major disadvantage of requiring that the catalyst synthesis unit be co-located with the hydroprocessing unit that uses the oil-based catalyst. In order to overcome this problem, we have devised a way to concentrate the catalyst after its synthesis in such a way that the resulting concentrated slurry can be economically shipped from a central catalyst synthesis location. This allows economy of scale, using one catalyst synthesis unit for multiple hydroprocessing unit locations. The concentrated catalyst is rediluted at the hydroprocessing unit location to facilitate ease of handling and ensure the high activity in the hydroprocessing unit. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURE 
         [0013]    The FIGURE illustrates the process disclosed in this invention for concentrating and deoiling catalyst slurry following catalyst synthesis. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0014]    A group VIII metal compound (stream  1 ) and a Group VI metal compound (stream  2 ) enter the Catalyst Synthesis Unit (CSU  10 ), where it is combined with hydrogen sulfide (stream  3 ), light vacuum gas oil or carrier oil (stream  4 ) and hydrogen (stream  5 ). A preferred Group VIII metal compound is nickel sulfate and a preferred Group VI metal compound is ammonium dimolybdate. 
         [0015]    In the catalyst synthesis unit (CSU  10 ), conditions include a temperature in the range from 80° F. to 200° F., preferably in the range from 100° F. to 180° F., and most preferably in the range from 130° F. to 160° F. Pressure is in the range from 100 to 3000 psig, preferably in the range from 200 to 1000 psig, and most preferably from 300 to 500 psig. The ingredients are mixed in the CSU  10  to form an active slurry catalyst in oil. 
         [0016]    The CSU  10  is a continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR or alternately, perfectly mixed reactor). This type of reactor is employed in order to prevent catalyst agglomeration. 
         [0017]    Stream  6 , leaving SCU  10  and entering Catalyst Concentration Zone  20  (CCZ  20 ), comprises a slurry of catalyst plus carrier oil, in a ratio of 10% solids to 90% oil. Stream  7  comprises a recovered carrier oil that is recycled back to CSU  10  or goes to a storage tank that eventually feeds to CSU  10 . 
         [0018]    A variety of processes is available to concentrate and deoil the slurry catalyst in the CCZ  20 . A preferred method involves concentrating the solids in the oil slurry, then washing or filtering using a solvent. Especially useful are well-known filtration techniques such as cross-flow filtration that allows from about 30% to about 80% of the oil to be separated and recycled to the Catalyst Synthesis Unit  10 . A preferred range is removal of from about 40% to about 75% of the oil. A concentrated catalyst stream, stream  8  is transported to Dilution Zone  30 , which is found at the site of the hydroprocessing unit. 
         [0019]    Suitable conditions for operation of CCZ  20  include temperature in the range from about 194F to about 212F. Pressure is in the range from about 100 to about 120 psi for initial concentration and 90 psi for solvent filtration. 
         [0020]    The appropriate choice of oil for the Dilution Zone  30  may be the same as that used in the Catalyst Synthesis Unit  10 . The oil used (stream  12 ) is dependent on availability and economics. Ideally, it should be a high flash point oil for ease of shipping (in order to avoid environmental and safety hazards) with a low pour point to minimize low temperature handling issues (cold flow problems). Typical streams would be light vacuum gas oils, heavy atmospheric gas oils, and other streams with modest viscosity (4-10 cst at 100 C). Higher density streams at low viscosity are best. 
         [0021]    Makeup hydrogen may be added in stream  9 . Active catalyst slurry, suitable for use in hydroprocessing, exits the Dilution Zone as stream  11 . 
         [0022]    Factors used in selecting membranes for use in concentration, washing and filtration include permeate flux rate, filtrate quality, chemical compatibility of the membrane, mechanical strength of the membrane and temperature tolerance of the membrane.