Abstract:
A blend of tetrafluoroethylene and a poly(oxy-p-phenyleneisophthaloyl-phenylene/oxy-p-phenyleneterephthaloyl- p-phenylene) (PEKK) results in improved processing of the fluoroelastomer at temperatures below the melting temperature of the PEKK and improves physical properties of cured fluoroelastomer.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     This is a continuation-in-part of application Serial No. 135,097 filed Dec. 18, 1987 and expressly abandoned under the provisions of 37 CFR 1.62. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     Fluoroelastomers exhibit a very high value in use. However, some are difficult to process and several physical properties may be inferior to those of more conventional elastomers. In order to overcome these deficiencies it is sometimes desirable to blend fluoroelastomers with other polymers to modify their properties. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention comprises a blend of 
     (a) about 100 parts of a fluoroelastomer consisting essentially of 
     (i) 55 to 58 wt. % tetrafluoroethylene (TFE), 
     (ii) 0.4 to 2.0 wt. % of a fluorinated organic comonomer that contains cure sites, 
     (iii) 42 to 45 wt. % perfluoromethyl vinyl ether (PMVE), and 
     (b) 5-50 parts of a copolymer having as polymer repeat units (oxy-p-phenyleneterephthaloyl-p-phenylene) and (oxy-p-phenyleneisophthaloyl-p-phenylene), the ratio of tere-isomer to iso-isomer being within the range 60:40 to 80:20, the copolymer having a inherent visocity of greater than 0.4 and hereinafter being referred to as &#34;PEKK.&#34; 
     The addition of PEKK to the fluoroelastomer improves processing of the uncured fluoroelastomer at temperatures below the melting temperature of the PEKK and improves physical properties of the cured fluoroelastomer. 
     DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     The fluoroelastomer used in this invention is capable of being crosslinked. The cure site comonomer (ii) can be vinylidene fluoride, trifluoroethylene, vinyl fluoride, CH 2  ═CHR f  where R f  is a perfluoroalkyl group containing from 1-5 carbon  atoms, perfluorophenoxy substituted perfluoroalkylene vinyl ethers wherein the perfluoroalkylene group contains from 1-5 carbon atoms, NC(R&#39; f  --O) n  CF═CF 1  where R&#39; f  is a perfluoroalkylene group of 2-3 carbon atoms and n is 1-4, fluoroolefins of 2-5 carbon atoms containing 1 or 2 bromo substituents or fluoroolefins of 2-5 carbon atoms containing 1 or 2 iodo substituents. It is sufficiently thermally stable to survive processing above the melt temperature of the thermoplastic PEKK. The useful level of thermoplastic PEKK is from 5 parts to 50 parts per about 100 parts of fluoroelastomer. The preferred range is from 5 parts to 30 parts thermoplastic PEKK copolymer per about 100 parts of fluoroelastomer. The composition consists of finely divided thermoplastic PEKK dispersed in a matrix of amorphous fluoroelastomer. Particle size of the thermoplastic particles is less than about 10 microns. 
     The thermoplastic PEKK copolymer is blended into the elastomer at a sufficiently high temperature to melt the thermoplastic copolymer (usually above 300° C.). This results in a homogeneous, optically clear composition in which the copolymer may be at least partially dissolved in the elastomeric matrix. The mixture is cooled to below 100° C. and typical chemical curing ingredients known to cure the specific fluoroelastomer are mixed into the blend using standard techniques. The composition is then processed, cured and post cured using standard conditions for fluoroelastomers. During the cure and post cure operations, the thermoplastic copolymer phase remains separated in distinct particles, more or less spherical in shape, which are visible using an optical microscope. 
     The particular curing agent used will depend on the cure site monomer. The fluoroelastomers using bromo- and iodo-containing cure site monomers can be cured with peroxides, such as 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(t-butylperoxy)hexane. The fluoroelastomers containing the hydrogen cure site monomers can be cured using a bisphenol salt and a catalyst for the reaction, such as hexaoxatricyclohexaecosane. The fluoroelastomers containing the phenoxy group cure site monomers can also be cured using the bisphenol salt plus catalyst system. The fluoroelastomers containing the nitrile cure sites can be cured using tetraphenyl tin. The curing agent should be used in a molar amount appropriate for the number of cure sites present. In addition, reinforcing fillers as are known in the art can be present. 
    
    
     EXAMPLES 
     Example 1 
     100 Parts of the fluoroelastomer TFE/perfluoromethyl vinyl ether/vinylidene fluoride copolymer (55.4/44.2/0.4 wt %) was blended with 25 parts of the copolymer having repeat units of (oxy-p-phenyleneterephthaloyl-p-phenylene) and (oxy-p-phenyleneisophthaloyl-p-phenylene) (PEKK) having a 70:30 tere-isomer to iso-isomer ratio and an inherent viscosity of 0.87, measured at 23° C. and a concentration of 0.5% by weight in concentrated sulfuric acid. The uniform blend was removed from the Plastograph, cooled to 25° C. and then compounded on a two-roll rubber mill using the following formulation: 125 parts of above blend, 10 parts SAF carbon black, 4 parts lead oxide, 3 parts dipotassium salt of bisphenol AF, 4 parts DCH-18-Crown-6. 
     EXAMPLE 2 
     The same fluoroelastomer used in Example 1 was blended in a Brabender Plastograph at 340° C. with the same PEKK copolymer at the level of 50 parts PEKK to 100 parts fluoroelastomer. The uniform blend was removed from the Plastograph, cooled to 25° C. and then compounded on a two-roll rubber mill using the following formulation: 150 parts of above blend, 10 parts SAF carbon black, 4 parts lead oxide, 3 parts dipotassium salt of bisphenol AF, 4 parts DCH-18-Crown-6. 
     Control A 
     As a control, the same fluoroelastomer used in Examples 1 and 2 was blended with curing ingredients on a rubber mill at 100° C. No PEKK was added to this composition. The formulation was as follows: 100 parts of the fluoroelastomer, 10 parts SAF carbon black, 4 parts lead oxide, 3 parts dipotassium salt of bisphenol AF, 4 parts DCH-18-Crown-6. 
     It was observed that compositions of Examples 1 and 2 exhibited improved processing behavior over the control. These compositions were easier to band on the mill and the curing ingredients were more readily incorporated. 
     The above three compounds were sheeted out, pressed into 0.2 cm thick slabs, cured at 177° C. for 30 minutes and post cured for two days under nitrogen at 288° C. Test pieces were cut from the slabs and were subjected to tensile tests (ASTM D-412) and tear tests (ASTM D-470). The results are shown in Table 1. 
     
                       TABLE 1______________________________________EXAMPLE          l        2      Control-A______________________________________PEKK (phr)       25       50     NoneTest Temperature 100° C.T.sub.B (MPa)    5.7      5.9    2.1E.sub.B (%)      60       30     80Tear (kN/m)      2.8      2.8    1.4Test Temperature 177° C.T.sub.B (MPa)    3.8      4.8    1.2E.sub.B (%)      50       30     40Tear (kN/m)      1.0      0.7    0.7Melt Index (g/min)            NM*      6      1______________________________________ *Not measured. where T.sub.B = tensile strength at break (ASTM D412) E.sub.B = elongation at break Tear = tear strength (ASTM D470) phr = parts per 100 parts of fluoroelastomer The control contains no PEKK 
    
     It can be seen from Table 1 that the cured compositions, in which PEKK was premixed into the fluoroelastomer at 340° C. (Examples 1 and 2), exhibit significantly improved tensile strength and tear strength over Control A. 
     It is also seen that the composition containing 50 phr PEKK (Example 2) has a greater tendency to flow under the conditions of the Melt Index Test. 
     Example 3 
     A fluoroelastomer (TFE/perfluoromethyl vinyl ether/perfluoro-2-phenoxyphenyl ether copolymer) (55/43/1.8 wt. %) was blended in a Brabender Plastograph at 340° C. with the same PEKK copolymer as used in Example 1 at the level of 15 parts PEKK to 100 parts fluoroelastomer. The uniform blend was removed from the Plastograph, cooled to 25° C. and then compounded on a two-roll rubber mill using the following formulation: 115 parts of above blend, 10 parts SAF carbon black, 4 parts lead oxide, 3 parts dipotassium salt of bisphenol AF, 4 parts DCH-18-Crown-6. 
     Example 4 
     The fluoroelastomer of Example 4 (TFE/perfluoromethyl vinyl ether/perfluoro-2-phenoxyphenyl ether copolymer) was blended in a Brabender Plastograph at 340° C. with the same PEKK copolymer as used in Example 1 at the level of 30 parts PEKK to 100 parts fluoroelastomer. The uniform blend was removed from the Plastograph, cooled to 25° C. and then compounded on a two-roll rubber mill using the following formulation: 130 parts of above blend, 10 parts SAF carbon black, 4 parts lead oxide, 3 parts dipotassium salt of bisphenol AF, 4 parts DCH-18-Crown-6. 
     Control B 
     As a control, the fluoroelastomer of Examples 3 and 4 was blended with curing ingredients on a rubber mill at 100° C. No PEKK was added to this composition. The formulation was as follows: 100 parts fluoroelastomer, 10 parts SAF carbon black, 4 parts lead oxide, 3 parts dipotassium salt of bisphenol AF, parts DCH-18-Crown-6. 
     The above three compositions were sheeted out, pressed into 0.2 cm thick slabs, cured at 177° C. for 30 minutes and post cured for two days under nitrogen at 288° C. Test pieces were cut from the slabs and were subjected to tensile tests (ASTM D-412) and tear tests (ASTM D-470). The results are shown in Table 2. 
     
                       TABLE 2______________________________________EXAMPLE          3        4      Control-B______________________________________PEKK (phr)       15       30     NoneTest Temperature 25° C.T.sub.B (MPa)    14.5     15.8   14.1E.sub.B (%)      70       50     150Tear (kN/m)      3.0      3.5    3.0Test Temperature 177° C.T.sub.B (MPa)    2.1      3.5    1.6E.sub.B (%)      60       60     45Tear (kN/m)      1.2      1.9    0.5______________________________________ where T.sub.B = tensile strength at break (ASTM D412) E.sub.B = elongation at break Tear = tear strength (ASTM D470) phr = parts per 100 parts of fluoroelastomer The control contains no PEKK. 
    
     It can be seen from Table 2 that the cured compositions, in which PEKK was premixed into the fluoroelastomer at 340° C. (Examples 3 and 4), exhibit significantly improved tensile strength and tear strength over the control at high temperature.