Abstract:
In some implementations, messaging services, through which messages from an entity, such as a company, are communicated to various users, are managed. In one aspect, the techniques described may be provided by a messaging management service that keeps track of such messaging services and provides messages to users through these messaging services on behalf of various companies. In this way, the messaging management service may enable companies to quickly establish a presence on new communication platforms and more easily communicate through the mobile communication and social networking services that are most suitable to their existing and potential customers.

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
       [0001]    This disclosure generally relates to messaging services. 
       BACKGROUND 
       [0002]    In recent years, mobile devices and social networks have changed the way that people communicate and interact with one another. As such, many companies have started to utilize mobile communication and social networking services as channels for communicating with existing and potential customers. With new services being regularly released and existing services regularly losing popularity amongst users, this scene is, however, in a constant state of change. As a result, it has become increasingly more difficult for companies to keep abreast of the mobile communication and social networking services being used by existing and potential customers at any given time. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0003]    In general, an aspect of the subject matter described in this specification may involve a process for managing the messaging services through which messages from an entity, such as a company, are communicated to various users. This capability may be provided by a messaging management service that keeps track of such messaging services and provides messages to users through these messaging services on behalf of various companies. In this way, the messaging management service may enable companies to quickly establish a presence on new communication platforms and more easily communicate through the mobile communication and social networking services that are most suitable to their existing and potential customers. 
         [0004]    In some aspects, the subject matter described in this specification may be embodied in methods that may include the actions of accessing, by a messaging management service, message recipient information that includes, for each of multiple message recipients, (i) preference data identifying one or more messaging services through which messages are to be sent to a user, and, (ii) for each of the messaging services through which messages are to be sent to the user, account information for the user, and receiving, by the messaging management service and from a message initiator, a request to transmit a message, where the request includes at least (i) a message content type identifier that indicates a type of message that is to be transmitted, and (ii) data identifying one or more message recipients. Such methods that may further include the actions of, for each message recipient, selecting, by the messaging management service, one or more particular messaging services based on the preference data for the message recipient, and, for each of the particular messaging services, generating, by the messaging management service, a message based on the message content type identifier, transmitting, by the messaging management service, the message and the account information for the user to the messaging service, and in response to transmitting the message, receiving, by the messaging management service, an acknowledgement from the messaging service. Such methods that may further include the actions of generating, by the messaging management service, a response to the request based on at least one of the one or more acknowledgements, and transmitting, by the messaging management service and to the message initiator, the response to the request. 
         [0005]    Other implementations of this and other aspects include corresponding systems, apparatus, and computer programs, configured to perform the actions of the methods, encoded on computer storage devices. A system of one or more computers can be so configured by virtue of software, firmware, hardware, or a combination of them installed on the system that in operation cause the system to perform the actions. One or more computer programs can be so configured by virtue of having instructions that, when executed by data processing apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform the actions. 
         [0006]    These other versions may each optionally include one or more of the following features. For instance, implementations may include the one or more particular messaging services including one or more social networking services. In some implementations, the request may further include (iii) a set of content that is to be included in the message that is to be transmitted. In these implementations, generating the message based on the message content type identifier may, for instance, include selecting, from among multiple templates that are each associated with different message content type identifiers, a particular template that is associated with the received message content type identifier, and populating the particular template with the set of content. In addition, the multiple templates may, in some examples, be maintained by one or more administrators associated with the message initiator. 
         [0007]    In some implementations, the preference data may further identify a language in which messages are to be provided to the user. In some examples, receiving, by the messaging management service and from the message initiator, the request to transmit the message may, for instance, include receiving, by the messaging management service and from the message initiator, a request (i) under a simple object access protocol and (ii) to transmit a message. 
         [0008]    In some examples, accessing, by the messaging management service, message recipient information may include accessing, by the messaging management service, message recipient information for each of multiple users that are registered to receive messages on behalf of the message initiator. In such implementations, at least a portion of the message recipient information for each of the multiple users may, for instance, be obtained in through one or more processes through which each user is registered to receive messages on behalf of the message initiator. In one aspect, the one or more processes through which each user is registered to receive messages on behalf of the message initiator are performed, at least in part, by one or more computing devices that host a website associated with the message initiator. 
         [0009]    In some implementations, selecting one or more particular messaging services based on the preference data for the message recipient may include, for each of one or more message recipients, selecting, by the messaging management service, two or more particular messaging services based on the preference data for the message recipient. In such implementations, generating the message based on the message content type identifier may include, for each of the two or more particular messaging services, generating, by the messaging management service, a message based on the message content type identifier that is formatted for the respective one of the two or more particular messaging services. 
         [0010]    In some examples, generating the message based on the message content type identifier may include selecting, from among multiple templates that are each associated with different message content type identifiers and maintained by one or more administrators through a web administration console of the messaging management service, a particular template that is associated with the received message content type identifier, and populating the particular template with the set of content. The web administration console of the messaging management service may, in some instances, enable templates to be added and modified by the one or more administrators. 
         [0011]    In some aspects, the subject matter described in this specification may be embodied in methods that may include the actions of accessing, by a messaging management service, message recipient information that includes, for each of multiple message recipients, (i) preference data identifying one or more existing messaging services through which messages are to be sent to a user, and, (ii) for each of the existing messaging services through which messages are to be sent to the user, account information for the user, receiving, by the messaging management service, new messaging service provisioning information for a new messaging service, where the new messaging service provisioning information includes (i) information that associates message content type identifiers to message templates that are formatted for the messaging service, and (ii) instructions for electronically communicating messages to the new messaging service, transmitting, by the messaging management service and to one or more message initiators, a notification indicating that messages may now be transmitted through the new messaging service, and receiving, by the messaging management service and from one or more of the message initiators, updated message recipient information that includes, for each of one or more of the multiple message recipients, (i) updated preference data identifying the new messaging service, and, (ii) account information for the new messaging service and the user. 
         [0012]    Other implementations of this and other aspects include corresponding systems, apparatus, and computer programs, configured to perform the actions of the methods, encoded on computer storage devices. A system of one or more computers can be so configured by virtue of software, firmware, hardware, or a combination of them installed on the system that in operation cause the system to perform the actions. One or more computer programs can be so configured by virtue of having instructions that, when executed by data processing apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform the actions. 
         [0013]    These other versions may each optionally include one or more of the following features. For instance, receiving, by the messaging management service and from one or more of the message initiators, updated message recipient information may, in some implementations, include receiving, by the messaging management service and from one or more of the message initiators, updated message recipient information based on an indication that the user would like receive messages through the new messaging service. In some examples, the indication that the user would like receive messages through the new messaging service is received by the message initiator through a website associated with the message initiator. 
         [0014]    In some implementations, such methods that may further include the actions of receiving, by the messaging management service, one or more updates to enable the messaging management service to generate messages that are compatible with the new messaging service. In some examples, such methods that may further include the actions of updating the message recipient information for each of the one or more of the multiple message recipients, to reflect the (i) updated preference data identifying the new messaging service, and, (ii) account information for the new messaging service and the user. 
         [0015]    In some aspects, the subject matter described in this specification may be embodied in methods that may include the actions of receiving, by a message initiator, an indication that a particular message recipient has initiated communication of a message through a particular messaging service, determining, by the message initiator, that message recipient information for the particular message recipient indicates that messages are not to be transmitted to the particular message recipient through the particular messaging service, in response to determining that the message recipient information for the particular message recipient indicates that the messages are not to be sent to the particular message recipient through the particular messaging service, providing, by the message initiator, a prompt for the particular message recipient to confirm that the message is to be transmitted through the particular messaging service, receiving, by the message initiator, a response from the particular message recipient confirming that the message is to be transmitted through the particular messaging service, and in response to receiving the response from the particular message recipient confirming that the message is to be transmitted through the particular messaging service, transmitting, to a messaging management service, a request to transmit a message, where the request includes at least (i) a message content type identifier that indicates a type of the message that is to be transmitted, (ii) data identifying the particular message recipient, and (iii) data indicating that the particular message recipient has overridden preference data indicating that messages are not to be transmitted to the particular message recipient through the particular messaging service. 
         [0016]    Other implementations of this and other aspects include corresponding systems, apparatus, and computer programs, configured to perform the actions of the methods, encoded on computer storage devices. A system of one or more computers can be so configured by virtue of software, firmware, hardware, or a combination of them installed on the system that in operation cause the system to perform the actions. One or more computer programs can be so configured by virtue of having instructions that, when executed by data processing apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform the actions. 
         [0017]    These other versions may each optionally include one or more of the following features. For instance, providing, by the message initiator, the prompt for the particular message recipient to confirm that the message is to be transmitted through the particular messaging service may, in some implementations, include providing, by the message initiator and through an interface of a website associated with the message initiator, a prompt for the particular message recipient to confirm that the message is to be transmitted through the particular messaging service. In these implementations, receiving, by the message initiator, the response from the particular message recipient confirming that the message is to be transmitted through the particular messaging service may include receiving, by the message initiator and through the interface of the website associated with the message initiator, a response from the particular message recipient confirming that the message is to be transmitted through the particular messaging service. In some examples, the particular messaging service is a social networking service. In addition, the request may, in some examples, further include (iv) a set of content that is to be included in the message that is to be transmitted. 
         [0018]    The details of one or more embodiments of the subject matter described in this specification are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other potential features, aspects, and advantages of the subject matter will become apparent from the description, the drawings, and the claims. 
     
    
     
       DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
         [0019]      FIGS. 1A-B  are conceptual diagrams of an exemplary framework for managing messages on behalf of one or more message initiators. 
           [0020]      FIG. 2  illustrates an example of a sequence in which a messaging service is provisioned as a service through which messages are sent to recipients on behalf of one or more message initiators. 
           [0021]      FIG. 3  illustrates an example of a sequence in which one or more messaging preferences are overridden. 
           [0022]      FIG. 4  is a flow chart of an example process for managing messages on behalf of one or more message initiators. 
           [0023]      FIG. 5  is a diagram of exemplary computing devices. 
       
    
    
       [0024]    Like reference symbols in the various drawings indicate like elements. 
       DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0025]      FIG. 1  is a conceptual diagram of an exemplary framework for managing messages on behalf of one or more message initiators in a system  100 . More particularly, the diagram depicts a client device  102 , a message initiator  104 , a messaging management service  120 , and messaging services  130  that collectively make up system  100 . The diagram also depicts exemplary data that is communicated within system  100  in time-sequenced stages “A” to “E,” respectively. Briefly, and as described in further detail below, the client device  102  may receive messages through messaging services  130  that are sent by the messaging management service  120  on behalf of the message initiator  104 . 
         [0026]    The client device  102 , message initiator  104 , messaging management service  120 , and messaging services  130  may communicate with one another over network  110 , and may each be implemented using, for example, one or more general-purpose computers capable of responding to and executing instructions in a defined manner, personal computers, special-purpose computers, workstations, servers, or mobile devices. The system  100  may include multiple message initiators, but may be described with reference to message initiator  104  for exemplary purposes. Similarly, the system  100  may include multiple client devices, but may be described with reference to client device  102  exemplary purposes. 
         [0027]    In this example, the message initiator  104  may include one or more computing devices that are associated with one or more subscribers of the messaging management service  120 . A subscriber may, for instance, correspond to a company, a group, and/or an individual that leverages the messaging management service  120  to communicate with customers, group members, and the like. A user of client device  102  may, for instance, receive messages provided by the messaging management service  120  on behalf of subscribing companies and/or groups of which the user of client device  102  is a customer or member. 
         [0028]    The messaging services  130  may include communication and social networking services for which the user of client device  102  holds an account. The messaging services  130  may, for example, include social networking services, e-mail services, image sharing services, SMS or other text-messaging services, mobile chat services, video conferencing services, and the like. In some examples, the user of client device  102  may register with a company or group that subscribes to the messaging management service  120  to receive messages through such messaging services  130 . For instance, the user of client device  102  may sign up to receive these messages through a company&#39;s website. Information such as user preferences and messaging account details may be provided to the company by the user of client device  102  in this registration process. This information may be received by or otherwise made accessible to the message initiator  104  and stored in a preferences and contact details database  105 . In addition, the message initiator  104  may pass some or all of this information along to messaging management service  120 , which may in turn store such information in a preferences and contact details database  125 . In implementations in which registration is performed through use of a website, the message initiator  104  may include or operate in cooperation with one or more servers hosting the website. 
         [0029]    The messaging management service  120  may include a validation engine  122 , a messaging service provisioner  124 , and a message generator  126 . The functionality of each module included in the messaging management service  120  is described in more detail below. The messaging management service  120  may further include a web administration console through which subscribers may interact with the messaging management service  120  to define the types of messages that may be sent to users. Various message templates of the subscriber&#39;s specifications may be stored in a template inventory  123  and later accessed by the messaging management service  120  to generate messages in response to a subscriber&#39;s requests. The messaging management service  120  may further transmit these generated messages to a particular subset of messaging services  130  for deliver to an end user. In addition, the messaging management service  120  may leverage messaging service provisioner  124  to provision each of the messaging services  130  for use as channels through which subscribers of the messaging management service  120  may communicate with end users. 
         [0030]    The user of client device  102  may sign up to be provided with messages, such as reminders and other notifications, in response to satisfaction of one or more conditions. For example, the user of client device  102  may wish to be provided with a reminder message fourteen days prior to the expiration of their contract with the company. In another example, the user of client device  102  may wish to be provided with a notification when the stock of a particular product sold by the company is replenished. These conditions may be indicated by information included in the preferences and contact details  105  and monitored by the message initiator  104 . 
         [0031]    In stage A, the message initiator  104  may send a message request  117  to the messaging service  120 . Message request  117  may, for example, be sent in response to the satisfaction of one or more conditions that are being monitored by the message initiator  104 . For example, the message initiator  104  may, in stage A, determine that a contract between the company and the user of client device  102  is set to expire in fourteen days, based at least on information stored in the preferences and contact details database  105 . In particular, the message request  117  may include a message content type identifier that indicates a type of message that is to be transmitted and data identifying one or more message recipients. A content type identifier may correspond to one or more message templates as defined by one or more subscribers of the messaging management service  120  that are associated with message initiator  104 . In the example of  FIG. 1A , the type of message that is to be transmitted as indicated by the content type identifier included in the message request  117  may correspond to a reminder about expiration of a contract. Similarly, the data identifying one or more message recipients that is included in the message request  117  may, in this example, identify the user of client device  102  as a message recipient. 
         [0032]    In some implementations, the messaging management service  120  may leverage the validation engine  122  to perform one or more validation processes upon the message request  117 . Such validation processes may, for example, include those which conform to a simple object access protocol (“SOAP”). The messaging management service  120  may provide results output by the validation engine  122  to message initiator  117  upon completion of such validation processes. In some implementations, the messaging management service  120  may not perform the processes described below unless message request  117  is successfully validated by the validation engine  122 . 
         [0033]    After receiving message request  117 , the messaging management service  120  may utilize the data identifying the user of client device  102 , as included in the message request  117 , to retrieve information associated with the user of client device  102  that is stored in preferences and contact details database  125 . Such information may include preference data identifying one or more of messaging services  130  through which messages are to be sent to the user of client device  102  and, for each of these one or more messaging services  130 , account information for the user of client device  102 . That is, the messaging management service  120  may determine which of messaging services  130  are to be utilized to reach the user of client device  102 , as well as the details of the accounts that the user of client device  102  holds with each of these messaging services  130 . In this way, the message initiator  104  may not need to directly include information about which messaging services to use in the message request  117  that it transmits to the messaging management service  120 . It can be noted that, by performing such information retrieval processes, the messaging management service  120  allows the message initiator  104  to perform relatively little work to broadcast messages to its users. 
         [0034]    For example, the user of client device  102  may have signed up to reminders about expiration of their contract with the company associated with message initiator  104  through a social network service, an e-mail service, and an image sharing service. In this example, the messaging management service  120  may identify the particular social network service, e-mail service, and image sharing service from among the messaging services  130 , and further identify account information for each of these services that corresponds to the user of the client device  102 . 
         [0035]    In addition, the messaging management service  120  may utilize the message content type identifier that indicates the type of message that is to be transmitted, as included in the message request  117 , to retrieve a message template from the template inventory  123  for each respective one of the messaging services  130  that are determined to be utilized to reach the user of client device  102 . Each message template included in the template inventory  123  may be stored in association with a message content type identifier and data identifying the particular one of messaging services  130  for which the respective message is formatted. It can be seen that the information included in the message request  117  and preferences and contact details  125  may enable the messaging management service  120  to identify and retrieve message templates from the template inventory  123  of an appropriate type and format. In the example mentioned above, the messaging management service  120  may retrieve contract expiration reminder templates from the template inventory  123  that are formatted for the particular social network service, e-mail service, and image sharing service identified by the messaging management service  120  for the user of client device  102 . 
         [0036]    Upon retrieving the appropriate message templates in response to receiving message request  117 , the messaging management service  120  may leverage message generator  126  to generate a message based on each of the retrieved message templates. The message generator  126  may include a dedicated sub-module for each one of messaging services  130  that generates messages formatted for the respective messaging service. In some examples, these sub-modules may be invoked by the messaging management services  120  in a dynamic manner using Java reflection. In some examples, the message generator  126  may generate messages by populating each retrieved message template with content or otherwise generating a message including such content based on each retrieved message template to include additional information. The messaging management service  120  may, for example, obtain such content based on information included in the message request  117 , preferences and contact details database  125 , template inventory  123 , or a combination thereof. 
         [0037]    In stage B, the messaging management service  120  may transmit each message  127  that is has generated, along account information  129  that corresponds to the user of the client device  102  to each identified one of messaging services  130 .  FIG. 1B  is a conceptual diagram of an exemplary framework for managing messages on behalf of one or more message initiators in a system  100 B. The system  100 B may, for example, represent system  100  as described in association with  FIG. 1A  or a portion thereof. In the example of  FIG. 1B , a user  103  may correspond to the user of client device  102 , and a social networking service  130   a , an e-mail service  130   b , and an image sharing service  130   c  may correspond to the subset of messaging services  130  through which user  103  desires to receive reminders about expiration of their contract with a company, “exampleCorp” that subscribes to the messaging management service  120  and is associated with message initiator  104 . 
         [0038]    Referring now to  FIG. 1B , it can be seen that, in stage B, the social network service  130   a, e -mail service  130   b , and image sharing service  130   c  are provided with messages  127   a ,  127   b , and  127   a  and account information  129   a ,  129   b , and  129   a , respectively. Such messages  127   a - c  and account information  129   a - c  may correspond to that which is transmitted by messaging management service  120  in stage B. In this example, messages  127   a ,  127   b , and  128   c  may have been generated by sub-modules included in the message generator  126  dedicated to the social networking service  130   a , the e-mail service  130   b , and the image sharing service  130   c , respectively. In some implementations, the account information  129  provided to each messaging service may further include details of one or more accounts held by the one or more subscribers associated with the message initiator  104 . 
         [0039]    In some examples, the contents of messages  127   a - c  and account information  129   a - c  may cause each messaging service to send, post, or otherwise make each generated message to available to user  103 . In stage C, messages generated and sent by messaging management service  120  on behalf of exampleCorp may be provided to user  103 . For example, the message  127   a  and account information  129   a  provided to the social network service  130   a  by the messaging management service  120  may cause the social network service  130   a  to post a message on behalf of exampleCorp to the wall of an account associated with user  103 . The user  103  may then be able to view this wall post by accessing the social networking service  130   a  through a web browser or an application running on the client device  102 , one or more other computing devices, or a combination thereof. For instance, the client device  102  may display screen  131   a  when the user  103  accesses the wall associated with their account for social networking service  130   a . By further including details of exampleCorp&#39;s account for social networking service  130   a , the message posted on the wall of user  103  may appear to have been sent by exampleCorp. 
         [0040]    The message shown within display screen  131   a  may reflect the message generated by message generator  126  using a message template stored in template inventory  123  for a contract expiration reminder formatted for the social networking service  130   a . Such a message template may, for example, have been defined by one or more users associated with exampleCorp through the web administration console of the messaging management service  120  and may correspond to the content type identifier included in the message request  117 . More particularly, this message may reflect that which was generated by the sub-module included in message generator  126  that corresponds to the social networking service  130   a . The resulting message posted on the wall of user  103  may, for instance, include text that says “Hi Mike, just reminding you that your contract with exampleCorp expires at the end of this month.” 
         [0041]    In this instance, the message template may have been that of a wall posting that includes strings of characters and variable objects that are to be replaced with content that is relevant to user  103 , exampleCorp, one or more conditions whose satisfaction triggered message request  117 , or a combination thereof. For example, portions of the message posted on the wall of user  103  such as (i) “Mike,” (ii) “exampleCorp,” and (iii) “at the end of this month” may represent content that was used to replace three different variable objects in the message template for a contract expiration reminder formatted for the social networking service  130   a  that serve as placeholders for (I) the name of user to which the message is being sent, (II) the name of the entity that has requested that the message be sent, and (III) the date on which the user&#39;s contract expires. The dedicated sub-module included in message generator  126  that corresponds to the social networking service  130   a  may perform one or more operations to identify and obtain the content that is appropriate for each message. In some implementations, such content may be associated with information included in message request  117 . In these implementations, the messaging management service  120  may obtain content from one or more web resources, databases, or other computing devices on the basis of information included in message request  117 . In other implementations, such content may be included in message request  117 . 
         [0042]    In another example, the message  127   b  and account information  129   b  provided to the e-mail service  130   b  by the messaging management service  120  may cause an e-mail to be sent to the e-mail account of user  103  on behalf of exampleCorp to the wall of an account associated with user  103 . The user  103  may then be able to view this e-mail message by accessing the e-mail service  130   b  through a web browser or an application running on the client device  102 , one or more other computing devices, or a combination thereof. For instance, the client device  102  may display screen  131   b  when the user  103  accesses their account for the e-mail service  130   b . By further including details of exampleCorp&#39;s e-mail account, the message e-mailed to user  103  may appear to have been sent by exampleCorp. 
         [0043]    The message shown within display screen  131   b  may reflect the message generated by message generator  126  using a message template stored in template inventory  123  for a contract expiration reminder formatted for the e-mail service  130   b . Such a message template may, for example, have been defined by one or more users associated with exampleCorp through the web administration console of the messaging management service  120 . Like the message template described above in reference to display screen  131   a , this message template may also correspond to the content type identifier included in the message request  117 . More particularly, this message may reflect that which was generated by the sub-module included in message generator  126  that corresponds to the e-mail service  130   b . The resulting e-mail message sent to user  103  may, for instance, include text that says “Hi Mike,” “We just wanted to remind you that your contract expires at the end of this month,” “Click here to renew your contract or sign up for another one of our great offers,” and may be signed “exampleCorp.” 
         [0044]    In this instance, the message template may have been that of an email that includes strings of characters and variable objects that are to be replaced with content that is relevant to user  103 , exampleCorp, one or more conditions whose satisfaction triggered message request  117 , or a combination thereof. Portions of this e-mail message may be identified and obtained in a manner similar to that which has been described above in association with display screen  131   a . In addition, the dedicated sub-module included in message generator  126  that corresponds to the e-mail service  130   b  may perform one or more operations to augment the “Click here” text with a particular hyperlink. In this example, the message generated by messaging management service  120  may link the “Click here” text to a particular page of exampleCorp&#39;s website. The uniform resource locator (“URL”) for this page may be identified and obtained using one or more of the techniques described above. 
         [0045]    In yet another example, the message  127   c  and account information  129   c  provided to the image sharing service  130   c  by the messaging management service  120  may cause the image sharing service  130   c  to share an image conveying a message on behalf of exampleCorp with an account associated with user  103 . The user  103  may then be able to view the image that has been shared with them by accessing the image sharing service  130   c  through a web browser or an application running on the client device  102 , one or more other computing devices, or a combination thereof. For instance, the client device  102  may display screen  131   c  when the user  103  accesses their account for image sharing service  130   c . By further including details of exampleCorp&#39;s account for image sharing service  130   c , it may appear as though exampleCorp has shared the image with user  103 . 
         [0046]    The image shown within display screen  131   c  may reflect the message generated by message generator  126  using a message template stored in template inventory  123  for a contract expiration reminder formatted for the image sharing service  130   c . Such a message template may, for example, have been defined by one or more users associated with exampleCorp through the web administration console of the messaging management service  120 . Like the message template described above in reference to display screens  131   a  and  131   b , this message template may also correspond to the content type identifier included in the message request  117 . More particularly, this image may reflect a message generated by the sub-module included in message generator  126  that corresponds to the image sharing service  130   c . The resulting image shared with user  103  may, for instance, include graphics of text that say “contract&#39;s almost up,” “Renew your contract today and save 20%,” and “exampleCorp,” “save more.” In addition, the image shared with user  103  may further include other non-textual graphics such as emoticons and other icons. 
         [0047]    In this instance, the message template may have been that of an image that includes graphics and variable graphical objects that are to be replaced with graphics that are relevant to user  103 , exampleCorp, one or more conditions whose satisfaction triggered message request  117 , or a combination thereof. Graphics included in this message may be identified and obtained in a manner similar to that which has been described above in association with display screens  131   a  and  131   b.    
         [0048]    Each of the messaging services may provide the messaging management service  120  with acknowledgement of the respective message having been successfully received by the messaging service and/or provided for user  103 . In the event that the respective message is not successfully received by the messaging service and/or provided for user  103 , each messaging service may instead provide the messaging management service  120  with a negative-acknowledgement. Referring again to  FIG. 1A , it can be seen that such acknowledgements are provided to the messaging management service  120  by messaging services  130  in stage D. The messaging management service  120  may, in turn, provide data indicating such acknowledgements to the message initiator in stage E. These acknowledgement and negative-acknowledgement messages may serve to alert messaging management service  120  and/or message initiator  104  to any errors that might have occurred in providing messages. In some examples, one or more computing devices of system  100  may take corrective measures in the presence of negative-acknowledgement messages to resolve outstanding issues and again attempt to successfully provide messages. 
         [0049]    In some implementations, the client device  102  may include a mobile computing device, personal digital assistant, cellular telephone, smart-phone, tablet, laptop, desktop, workstation, and other computing devices. The client device  102  accesses the network  110  using a wireless connection, such as a cellular telephone data connection, a Wi-Fi connection, or other wireless connection that can be used for sending data to and receiving data from message initiator  104  and messaging services  130 . In addition, the message initiator  104 , messaging management service  120 , and/or messaging services  130  may rely upon one or more remotely-located devices such as servers, databases, and/or cloud computing devices to perform at least a portion of its functions as described herein. 
         [0050]    In some implementations, the network  110  includes one or more networks, such as a local area network, a wide area network, and/or the Internet. One or more of the networks in the network  110  may be wireless, such as a cellular telephone network or a Wi-Fi network. 
         [0051]      FIG. 2  illustrates an example of a sequence  200  in which a messaging service is provisioned as a service through which messages are sent to recipients on behalf of one or more message initiators. The following describes the processes of sequence  200  as being performed by components of systems that are described with reference to  FIGS. 1A-B . However, the processes of sequence  200  may be performed by other systems or system configurations. At  202 , the messaging management service  120  receives provisioning information for a new messaging service. For example, the messaging management service  120  may be provided with a new sub-module that generates messages to be transmitted through a new messaging service. This may, for instance, be a mobile communication or social networking service that was recently released or gained popularity. The messaging service provisioner  124  may, for instance, perform some or all of the operations described herein in association with provisioning the new messaging service. 
         [0052]    The messaging management service  120  may, at  202 , receive new message provisioning information that associates message content type identifiers to message templates that are formatted for the new messaging service and instructions for electronically communicating messages to the new messaging service. Following the example provided above in reference to  FIGS. 1A-B , this information may, for instance, include that which associates the content type identifier for a contract expiration reminder with a particular message template that this formatted for the new messaging service. One or more message templates formatted for the new messaging service may be added to template inventory  125  in conjunction with the new messaging service provisioning information being received by the messaging management service  120 . In some implementations, the new messaging service provisioning information, sub-module, and message templates may be provided to the messaging management service  120  by one or more administrators of the messaging management service  120 . 
         [0053]    At  204 , the messaging management service  120  may transmit a notification to one or more message initiators  104  which indicates that messages may now be transmitted through the new messaging service. In this way, the messaging management service  120  may inform its subscribers of the newly-supported messaging service through which they may be able to communicate with end users. In some examples, the channel through which the messaging management service  120  and message initiator  104  communicate may be predetermined. In response to receiving this notification, each message initiator  104  may, at  206 , request that each user that is registered to receive their messages confirm that they wish to also receive messages through the new messaging service. Such requests may, for instance, be provided to users through a website associated with each message initiator  104 . 
         [0054]    For instance, the client device  102  may display screen  207   a  when a registered user accesses a website associated with the corresponding message initiator  104 . As shown within display screen  207   a , the website associated with the corresponding message initiator  104  may prompt the user of client device  102  to indicate whether they would like to receive messages through the new messaging service supported by messaging management service  120 . The client device  102  may, for example, display screen  207   b  when the registered user indicates whether they would like to receive messages through the new messaging service in response to the prompt. 
         [0055]    At  208 , the client device  102  may provide confirmation of whether the user of client device  102  wishes to receive messages through the new messaging service to messaging initiator  104 . This may, for instance, occur upon submission of user indication to the website associated with the corresponding message initiator  104 , as shown within display screen  207   b . At  210 , the message initiator  104  may provide recipient information to the messaging management service  120 . Such recipient information may include updated recipient information for each of one or more of multiple message recipients. In the example of  FIG. 2 , this may at least include updated recipient information for the user of client device  102 . Furthermore, the updated recipient information may include updated preference data identifying the new messaging service and account information for the new messaging service and the user. Although not shown in  FIG. 2 , the user of client device  120  may provide their preferences for receiving messages through the new messaging service details of an account held by the user of client device  120  with the new messaging service. This information may also be received through the website associated with the corresponding message initiator  104 . Upon receiving the updated recipient information at  210 , the messaging management service  120  may update the information maintained in the preferences and contact details database  125  for each registered user that has signed up to receive messages through the new messaging service. 
         [0056]    In some implementations, the initial registration process that occurs between users and message initiators  104  may include processes that are similar to at least a portion of the processes of sequence  200 . For instance, each user may provide their messaging preferences through a website associated with a message initiator  104  in a process similar to that which has been described above in reference to sequence  200  at  206  and  208 . The preferences provided by each user may, for example, indicate the particular subset of messaging services through which the respective user wishes to receive messages, the language in which messages provided through each messaging service are to be written, dates and times at which the user wishes to be provided with messages, the types of messages that are to be provided through each messaging service, the conditions under which each type of message is to be provided through each messaging service, and the like. The account information provided by each user may, for example, indicate a username of the respective user for each messaging service and other information that indicates an address at which the respective user can be reached through each messaging service. For example, such other information may include an e-mail address, phone number, and/or geographical location associated with the respective user. Upon receiving the information described above in the registration process, the message initiator  104  may store such information in the preferences and contact details database  105 . Similarly, the messaging management service  120  may store this information in the preferences and contact details database  105  upon receiving such information from the message initiator  104  in a process similar to that which has been described above in reference to sequence  200  at  210 . 
         [0057]      FIG. 3  illustrates an example of a sequence  300  in which one or more messaging preferences are overridden. The following describes the processes of sequence  300  as being performed by components of systems that are described with reference to  FIGS. 1A-B . However, the processes of sequence  300  may be performed by other systems or system configurations. At  302 , the client device  102  may provide an indication that the user of client device  102  has initiated communication of a message through a particular messaging service. This may, for instance, be received by the message initiator  104  through an associated website. For instance, the user of client device  102  may order a product off of the website associated with message initiator  104  and indicate that they wish to be provided with a confirmation message for this purchase through a particular messaging service. The message initiator  104  may determine that existing message recipient information for the user of client device  102  indicates that messages are not to be transmitted to the user of client device  102  through the particular messaging service. For example, the message initiator  104  may reference existing information for the user of client device  102  that is stored in the preferences and contact details database  105  and determine that, in a previous registration process, the user of client device  102  explicitly indicated that they did not wish to receive messages through the particular messaging service. 
         [0058]    At  304 , the message initiator  104  may request that the user of client device  102  confirm that they wish to override their default preferences in order to receive the confirmation message through the particular messaging service. For instance, the client device  102  may display screen  305   a  as provided by the website associated with the message initiator  104  in response to determining that the message recipient information for the particular message recipient indicates that messages are not to be sent to the particular messaging recipient through the particular messaging service. As shown within display screen  305   a , the website associated with the corresponding message initiator  104  may prompt the user of client device  102  to indicate whether they would like to override their existing messaging preferences. The client device  102  may, for example, display screen  305   b  when the user of client device  102  indicates whether they wish to override such existing messaging preferences. 
         [0059]    At  306 , the client device  102  may provide confirmation of whether the user of client device  102  wishes to override their existing messaging preferences to the message initiator  104 . This may, for instance, occur upon submission of user indication to the website associated with the corresponding message initiator  104 , as shown within display screen  305   b . At  308 , the message initiator  104  may provide a message request to the messaging management service  120 . Such a message request may be similar to that which has been described above in association with message request  117 , and may include a message content type identifier that indicates a type of the message that is to be transmitted, data identifying the particular message recipient, and data indicating that the particular message recipient has overridden preference data indicating that messages are not to be transmitted to the particular message recipient through the particular messaging service. The messaging management service  120  may, for instance, respond to this message request in a manner similar to that which has been described above in association with  FIGS. 1A and 1B . The messaging management service  120  may, however, temporarily disregard the information stored in preferences and contact details database  125  pertaining to the preferences of the user of client device  102  with regard to the particular messaging service based on the data indicating that the particular message recipient has overridden preference data as included in the message provided at  308  by the message initiator  104 . The messaging management service  120  may further rely upon such data to identify the particular message template stored in template inventory  123  that is formatted for the particular messaging service and that corresponds to the content type identifier provided in the message sent by the message initiator  104 . The messaging management service  120  may then proceed to retrieve the particular message template, generate a message, and transmit the generated message to the particular messaging service in a manner similar to that which has been described above in reference to  FIGS. 1A and 1B . Following the example mentioned above, the generated message may, for instance, be that of a confirmation message for the purchase made by the user of client device  102  through the website associated with message initiator  104 . 
         [0060]      FIG. 4  is a flowchart of an example process  400  for managing messages on behalf of one or more message initiators. The following describes the process  400  as being performed by components of systems that are described with reference to  FIGS. 1A and 1B . However, process  400  may be performed by other systems or system configurations. 
         [0061]    The process  400  may include accessing, by a messaging management service, message recipient information that includes, for each of multiple message recipients, (i) preference data identifying one or more messaging services through which messages are to be sent to the user, and, (ii) for each of the messaging services through which messages are to be sent to the user, account information for the user ( 402 ). This may, for instance, correspond to the messaging management service  120  accessing or maintaining information stored in the preferences and contact details database  125 . The messaging services through which recipients may be provided messages may include social networking services, e-mail services, image sharing services, SMS or other text-messaging services, mobile chat services, video conferencing services, other messaging services that have yet to be released, and the like. 
         [0062]    The process  400  may include receiving, by the messaging management service and from a message initiator, a request to transmit a message, where the request includes at least (i) a message content type identifier that indicates a type of message that is to be transmitted, and (ii) data identifying one or more message recipients ( 404 ). This may, for instance, correspond to the messaging management service  120 , in stage A, receiving message request  117  from a message initiator  104  in response to the satisfaction of one or more conditions that are monitored by the message initiator  104 . In some examples, this request may further include (iii) a set of content that is to be included in the message that is to be transmitted. The message request provided by the message initiator  104  may further indicate that messages are to be sent to other recipients in addition to the user of client device  102 . In some implementations, the request to transmit the message may be sent from the message initiator and received by the messaging management service under a simple object access protocol (“SOAP”). In such implementations, the messaging management service may perform one or more SOAP validation processes upon the request to transmit the message and exchange data pertaining to results of the SOAP validation processes with the message initiator. 
         [0063]    The process  400  may include, for each message recipient, selecting, by the messaging management service, one or more particular messaging services based on the preference data for the message recipient ( 406 ). This may, for instance, correspond to the messaging management service  120  identifying or selecting a particular subset of messaging service  130  through which messages are to be sent to each recipient. In the example of  FIG. 1B , this may correspond to the messaging management service  120  identifying or selecting social networking service  130   a, e -mail service  130   b , and image sharing service  130   c  from among the messaging services  130  that have been provisioned by messaging management service  120 . 
         [0064]    The process  400  may include, for each particular messaging service, generating, by the messaging management service, a message based on the message content type identifier ( 408 ). This may, for instance, correspond to the message generator  126  of messaging management service  120  generating a message to provide to each selected messaging service based on a respective message template retrieved from template inventory  125  based at least on message request  117 . Messages for each particular messaging service may, for example, be generated by a respective sub-module included in the message generator  126 . 
         [0065]    In some implementations, generating the message based on the message content type identifier may include selecting, from among multiple templates that are each associated with different message content type identifiers, a particular template that is associated with the received message content type identifier, and populating the particular template with the set of content. In some examples, the multiple templates are maintained by one or more administrators associated with the message initiator. This may, for instance, correspond to one or more users associated with the message initiator  104  interfacing with the messaging management service  120  through the web administration console. 
         [0066]    The process  400  may include, for each particular messaging service, transmitting, by the messaging management service, the message and the account information for the user to the messaging service ( 410 ). This may, for instance, correspond to the messaging management service  120  providing a message  127  and account information  129  to each particular messaging service in stage B. In the example of  FIG. 1B , this may correspond to the messaging management service  120  providing messages  127   a - c  and account information  129   a - c  to social networking service  130   a, e -mail service  130   b , and image sharing service  130   c , respectively. The messaging management service  120  may perform such processes for each of multiple recipients, for each of multiple message initiators. 
         [0067]    In some implementations, the process  400  may further include, in response to transmitting the message, receiving, by the messaging management service, an acknowledgement from the messaging service. This may, for instance, correspond to the messaging management service  120  receiving one or more acknowledgements or negative-acknowledgments from the each one of messaging services  130  to which it has provided a generated message in stage C. 
         [0068]    In some implementations, the process  400  may further include generating, by the messaging management service, a response to the request based on at least one of the one or more acknowledgements, and transmitting, by the messaging management service and to the message initiator, the response to the request. This may, for instance, correspond to the messaging management service  120  generating a response to message request  117  based on the one or more acknowledgements it received in stage D, and transmitting the response to message initiator  104  in stage E. 
         [0069]      FIG. 5  is a schematic diagram of an example of a generic computer system  500 . The system  500  can be used for the operations described in association with  FIGS. 1-4  according to some implementations. The system  500  may be included in the system  100 . 
         [0070]    The system  500  includes a processor  510 , a memory  520 , a storage device  530 , and an input/output device  540 . Each of the components  510 ,  520 ,  530 , and  540  are interconnected using a system bus  550 . The processor  510  is capable of processing instructions for execution within the system  500 . In one implementation, the processor  510  is a single-threaded processor. In another implementation, the processor  510  is a multi-threaded processor. The processor  510  is capable of processing instructions stored in the memory  520  or on the storage device  530  to display graphical information for a user interface on the input/output device  540 . 
         [0071]    The memory  520  stores information within the system  500 . In one implementation, the memory  520  is a computer-readable medium. In one implementation, the memory  520  is a volatile memory unit. In another implementation, the memory  520  is a non-volatile memory unit. 
         [0072]    The memory  520  stores information within the system  500 . In one implementation, the memory  520  is a computer-readable medium. In one implementation, the memory  520  is a volatile memory unit. In another implementation, the memory  520  is a non-volatile memory unit. 
         [0073]    The storage device  530  is capable of providing mass storage for the system  500 . In one implementation, the storage device  530  is a computer-readable medium. In various different implementations, the storage device  530  may be a floppy disk device, a hard disk device, an optical disk device, or a tape device. 
         [0074]    The input/output device  540  provides input/output operations for the system  500 . In one implementation, the input/output device  540  includes a keyboard and/or pointing device. In another implementation, the input/output device  540  includes a display unit for displaying graphical user interfaces. 
         [0075]    The features described can be implemented in digital electronic circuitry, or in computer hardware, firmware, software, or in combinations of them. The apparatus can be implemented in a computer program product tangibly embodied in an information carrier, e.g., in a machine-readable storage device, for execution by a programmable processor; and method steps can be performed by a programmable processor executing a program of instructions to perform functions of the described implementations by operating on input data and generating output. The described features can be implemented advantageously in one or more computer programs that are executable on a programmable system including at least one programmable processor coupled to receive data and instructions from, and to transmit data and instructions to, a data storage system, at least one input device, and at least one output device. A computer program is a set of instructions that can be used, directly or indirectly, in a computer to perform a certain activity or bring about a certain result. A computer program can be written in any form of programming language, including compiled or interpreted languages, and it can be deployed in any form, including as a stand-alone program or as a module, component, subroutine, or other unit suitable for use in a computing environment. 
         [0076]    Suitable processors for the execution of a program of instructions include, by way of example, both general and special purpose microprocessors, and the sole processor or one of multiple processors of any kind of computer. Generally, a processor will receive instructions and data from a read-only memory or a random access memory or both. The elements of a computer are a processor for executing instructions and one or more memories for storing instructions and data. Generally, a computer will also include, or be operatively coupled to communicate with, one or more mass storage devices for storing data files; such devices include magnetic disks, such as internal hard disks and removable disks; magneto-optical disks; and optical disks. Storage devices suitable for tangibly embodying computer program instructions and data include all forms of non-volatile memory, including by way of example semiconductor memory devices, such as EPROM, EEPROM, and flash memory devices; magnetic disks such as internal hard disks and removable disks; magneto-optical disks; and CD-ROM and DVD-ROM disks. The processor and the memory can be supplemented by, or incorporated in, ASICs (application-specific integrated circuits). 
         [0077]    To provide for interaction with a user, the features can be implemented on a computer having a display device such as a CRT (cathode ray tube) or LCD (liquid crystal display) monitor for displaying information to the user and a keyboard and a pointing device such as a mouse or a trackball by which the user can provide input to the computer. 
         [0078]    The features can be implemented in a computer system that includes a back-end component, such as a data server, or that includes a middleware component, such as an application server or an Internet server, or that includes a front-end component, such as a client computer having a graphical user interface or an Internet browser, or any combination of them. The components of the system can be connected by any form or medium of digital data communication such as a communication network. Examples of communication networks include, e.g., a LAN, a WAN, and the computers and networks forming the Internet. 
         [0079]    The computer system can include clients and servers. A client and server are generally remote from each other and typically interact through a network, such as the described one. The relationship of client and server arises by virtue of computer programs running on the respective computers and having a client-server relationship to each other. 
         [0080]    A number of implementations have been described. Nevertheless, it will be understood that various modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure. Accordingly, other implementations are within the scope of the following claims.