Abstract:
A rotary fluid distribution apparatus has a first head with a wall extending around an interior volume thereof, and having a first orifice and a second orifice formed through the wall so as to open to the interior volume, a rotor extending through the interior volume, a first separation plate positioned within the first head and having an opening formed therethrough, a second separation plate positioned within the first head in spaced relation to the first separation plate and having a first opening and a second opening formed therein, and a tunneling channel extending between the first and second separation plates so as to communicate with the opening of the first separation plate and with the first opening of the second separation plate. The tunneling channel is movable with a rotation of the rotor.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     The present application claims priority from U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/566,676, filed on Dec. 4, 2011, and entitled “Multi-Stream Rotary Fluid Distribution System And Device”. The present application also claims priority from U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/537,434, filed on Sep. 21, 2011, and entitled “Rotary Fluid Distribution”. 
    
    
     STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT 
     Not applicable. 
     NAMES OF THE PARTIES TO A JOINT RESEARCH AGREEMENT 
     Not applicable. 
     INCORPORATION-BY-REFERENCE OF MATERIALS SUBMITTED ON A COMPACT DISC 
     Not applicable. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The present invention relates to the field of rotary fluid distribution. More particularly, the present invention relates to rotors which can be used to distribute fluid in regenerative heat exchangers, rotary air dehumidifiers, regenerative thermal oxidizers and simulated or real moving bed devices. 
     2. Description of Related Art Including Information Disclosed Under 37 CFR 1.97 and 37 CFR 1.98. 
     The main bodies of certain classes of process equipment need to be regenerated or renewed after a certain time period of operation. This equipment can include regenerative heat exchangers, regenerative thermal oxidizers, moving bed (simulated or real) chemical reactors/chromatographic separators, pressure swing absorption columns and regenerative air dehumidifiers. The regeneration methods include rotating the main body of the equipment or switching on and off a multitude of valves so that different sections of the main body can be contacted by different kinds of fluids at different times. The present invention attempts to alleviate the problems associated with switching on and off the multitude of valves, and to simplify rotary mechanisms of rotary valves. 
     Heat exchangers with rotating bodies, commonly known as Ljungstrom air preheaters, are well known in the prior art. In these types of rotary regenerators, the body (matrix) rotates continuously with the constant fraction of the core and the hot fluid stream in one section and the remaining fraction in the cold fluid stream. The outlet fluid temperatures vary across the flow area and are independent of time. The two fluids generally flow in opposite directions and are separated by some form of duct work and seals on the matrix body. 
     Heat exchangers with rotating hoods, or Rothemuhle regenerators, are also commonly known. The heating plate elements in this type of regenerative air preheater are installed in a casing, but the heating plate elements are stationary rather than rotating. Instead, the air ducts in the preheater are rotated so as to alternatively expose sections of the heating plate elements to the up flowing cool air. There are rotating inlet air ducts at the bottom of the stationary plate similar to the rotating outlet air ducts at the top of the stationary plates. 
     Rotary dehumidifiers are also commonly used. Instead of the exchange of heat or energy, a rotary dehumidifier exchanges molecules of two streams via a rotating body of desiccant or a molecular sieve. 
     Various patents have issued in the past relating to regenerative heat exchangers, heat engines, and regenerative thermal oxidizers. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,664,620, issued on Sep. 9, 1997 to Ritter, describes a rotary regenerative heat exchanger. The rotor of the rotary regenerative air preheater is constructed for the loading of the heat exchange basket modules into the sectors of the rotor in a radial direction through the periphery of the rotor. The heat exchange basket modules are arranged in a plurality of axially spaced layers with the lower baskets supporting the baskets located above. To provide the support and to facilitate the loading of the baskets, each basket includes an integral grating structure at the top surface thereof which extends partially above the uppermost surface of the basket frame. This provides a clear sliding surface as well as a support for the baskets in the layer above. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 6,675,871, issued on Jan. 13, 2004 to Okano et al., teaches a heat exchanger. The heat exchanger includes a honeycomb rotor, a drive unit and a gas movement device. The honeycomb rotor has at least two heat exchange passages and at least two purge zones provided respectively between the heat exchange passages. The drive unit rotates the honeycomb rotor. The gas movement device circulates a gas through the purge zones. The gas movement device may include a blower, and the drive unit may include a motor. In this case rotation of the blower can be synchronized with rotation of the motor. A drive device includes a power source that emits exhaust gas. The power source has a fuel battery having an air intake. Heat may be exchanged between the exhaust gas and air supplied to the air intake. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 5,335,497, issued on Aug. 9, 1994 to Macomber, describes a rotary Stirling cycle engine. The rotary Stirling cycle engine has a pair of hollow chambers each having an elliptical rotor positioned inside and rotatably sealed to the chambers inner walls. A crankshaft connects the rotors in tandem to transmit rotational energy when the rotors revolve around the chambers. A cooling and a heating heat exchanger are each connected through ports in the chambers sidewalls one to the other. Working fluid is present at a constant volume within the chambers and heat exchangers, revolving the rotors as the volume in each chamber changes due to the cyclic expansion, and contraction of the working fluid as it sweeps around the chambers through the ports while being alternately heated and cooled by the heat exchangers. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 7,874,175, issued on Jan. 25, 2011 to Graf, describes a heat engine and heat pump using centrifugal fans. The device comprises two doubly connected chambers. Blades in each chamber substantially rotate with the chamber and may be firmly attached to the walls of the chamber, thus forming a modified centrifugal pump with axial input and discharge. An expandable fluid is rotated outward by one of the pumps and then heat is added for an engine or removed for a heat pump as the fluid is being sent to the outer part of the second pump. The fluid travels toward the center of the second pump, thus impelling the pump in the rotation direction. Then heat is removed for an engine or added for a heat pump as the fluid leaves the second pump and travels back to the first pump near the center of rotation of both pumps. Rotation energy of the fluid is typically much larger than the circulation energy. A modified centrifugal pump with axial discharge having a casing rotating with the blades is also claimed. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 3,706,812, issued on Dec. 19, 1972 to Armand J. de Rosset et al., describes a rotary valve for distributing fluids to multitude of adsorption columns. This type of device allowed first generation of simulated moving bed to become operational. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 7,284,373, issued on Oct. 23, 2007 to Benson, describes a thermodynamic cycle engine. The thermodynamic cycle heat engine has a regenerator housing with two bidirectional regenerators, compression and expansion chambers connected to different ends of the housing, and a gear train. Each of the bi-directional regenerators comprises a low pressure connection having a first volume and a high pressure connection having a second volume less than the first volume. The bi-directional regenerators, the compression chamber, and the expansion chamber form a closed space for a working fluid. The gear train is disposed within the regenerator housing and comprises a plurality of non-round gears, a center gear group, and two outer gear groups substantially opposed with respect to the center gear group. The gear train oscillatingly rotates rotors in the chambers to create cyclically varying volumes for compression and expansion spaces so that two thermodynamic cycles are completed by the engine for each rotation of the rotors. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 7,937,939, issued on May 10, 2011, also to Benson, describes a bicycle thermodynamic engine. The thermodynamic cycle heat engine includes a regenerator, a chamber in fluid communication with the regenerator, first and second rotors within the chamber, forming at least a pair of spaces within the chamber, and at least one actuator. The regenerator and the chamber form a portion of a closed space for a working fluid, the actuator is arranged to displace the rotors about an axis of rotation for the rotors, and at least a portion of the actuator is fixedly secured to the rotors. In some aspects, the actuator is arranged to receive energy from the rotors and operate as a generator, or a sensor is arranged to detect a condition associated with operation of the chamber and a controller is arranged to control the actuator responsive to the detected condition. In some aspects, the engine includes a heat exchanger in fluid communication between the regenerator and the chamber. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 7,141,712, issued on Nov. 28, 2006 to Wang et al., summarizes various valve options for simulated moving bed chromatography technology. Both single rotary valves and distributed valve systems were described. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 5,967,771, issued on Oct. 19, 1999 to Chen et al., describes a rotary regenerative oxidizer and system thereof. The system for the abatement of industrial process gases utilizes a rotary regenerative oxidizer comprised of one or more heat exchange beds, each bed comprised of a parallel, axial, and longitudinal array of heat regenerative channels that thermally and/or catalytically oxidize contaminated gases. Utilizing a rotary regenerative oxidizer, and if desired, a plurality of heat regenerative beds incorporated therein, facilitates the use of regenerative technology at lower gas flow rates, increases thermal efficiency, and significantly reduces the floor space normally required when implementing fixed-bed nonrotary regenerative oxidizers. The heat exchange channels may be catalytically treated to enhance oxidation of the pollutants at a lower temperature. U.S. Pat. No. 5,871,347, issued on Feb. 16, 1999 also to Chen et al., describes a similar rotary regenerative oxidizer. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 6,193,504, issued on Feb. 27, 2001 also to Chen et al., teaches a portable rotary catalytic oxidizer system. The rotary regenerative catalytic oxidizer catalytically destroys VOC and odorous compounds at elevated temperatures of 400 to 800° F. Equipped with a very high thermally efficient rotor of 90+%, most heat for reaction is retained in the apparatus, and the cleaned air at temperatures of 80 to 120° F. is safely discharged into room without causing discomfort. As a portable unit, it can be used to treat local areas where odorous and/or hazardous VOC and CO compounds are present and conveniently run off household 120V or 220V systems. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 7,762,808, issued on Jul. 27, 2010 to Lee et al., also describes a regenerative thermal oxidizer. The regenerative thermal oxidizer burns and eliminates harmful process gases generated in industrial sites. The apparatus has different parts of the rotor that are used as inlet and outlet process gas flowpaths to increase the ability to process the process gases. 
     It is an object of the present invention to provide a rotary fluid distributor which allows a pair of rotors to accomplish the task which previously required multiple valves. 
     It is another object of the present invention to provide rotary fluid distributors which achieve greater productivity. 
     It is another object of the present invention to provide rotary fluid distributors that allow the direction of the fluid introduced into a heat exchanger to be altered, rather than rotation of the heat absorbing material therein. 
     It is another object of the present invention to provide a rotary fluid distributor that can be used in simulated moving bed chromatography. 
     It is another object of the present invention to provide a rotary fluid distributor having a pair of synchronized rotors. 
     It is a further object of the present invention to provide a fluid distributor rotor that eliminates the need to rotate the main body of regenerative equipment. 
     It is another object of the present invention to provide a rotary fluid distributor that can be easily installed and maintained. 
     These and other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from a reading of the attached specification and appended claims. 
     BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention is a rotary fluid distribution apparatus that comprises a first head having a wall extending around an interior volume thereof and having a first orifice formed through the wall so as to open to the interior volume and a second orifice formed through the wall so as to open to the interior volume. The head has a first flowpath and a second flowpath opening to said interior volume. A rotor extends through the interior volume. A first separation plate is positioned within the first head. The first separation plate has an opening formed therethrough so as to define a first fluid section and a second fluid section within the head. A second separation plate is positioned with the head in spaced relation to the first separation plate. The second separation plate has a first opening and a second opening formed therein. A tunneling channel extends across the second fluid section and is in communication with the opening of the first separation plate. The tunneling channel is movable relative to a rotation of the rotor. 
     In the present invention, the tunneling channel is movable between a first position in which the tunneling channel communicates between the opening of the first separation plate and with the first flowpath of the head and a second position in which the tunneling channel communicates between the opening of the first separation plate and second flowpath of the head. The first fluid section is in communication with the first orifice of the head. The second fluid section is in communication with the second orifice of the head. The tunneling channel has a radius less than a radius of the first separation plate. A third separation plate can be positioned in the head on a side of the first separation plate opposite the second separation plate. The first separation plate and third separation plate define the first fluid section. The first separation plate and the second separation plate define the second fluid section. 
     A purge section can be positioned in the first head on a side of the second separation plate opposite the second fluid section. The purge section has at least one hole opening on a side thereof opposite the second separation plate. 
     In one embodiment of the present invention, the tunneling channel has a generally semi-cylindrical shape with a radius less than a radius of the first separation plate. In another embodiment of the present invention, the tunneling channel can be a pipe having an interior passageway with a diameter generally equal to a diameter of the opening of the first separation plate. 
     A center body is positioned at an end of the first head. The center body communicates at a different location with the first flowpath and the second flowpath of the head. The first head is affixed to one side of the center body. The center body is maintained in a stationary position. The center body has a plurality of sections formed therein. The rotor is rotatable to a position such that a first stream of a fluid flows to at least one of the plurality of sections of the center body and that a second stream of another fluid flow through at least through another one of the plurality of sections. The rotor is rotatable to another position such that the first stream of the fluid flows through the at least another one of the plurality of sections and such that the second stream of the another fluid flows through the at least one of the plurality of sections. The center body has a generally cylindrical configuration. The plurality of sections are defined by a plurality of walls radiating from a center of the center body toward a wall of the body. The rotor has a portion extending through the center body. The rotor is rotatable independently of the center body. 
     A second head is positioned on a side of the center body opposite the first head. The rotor extends through the center body and the second head. The second head has an interior volume. The second head has a first orifice and a second orifice opening through a wall thereof to the interior volume. The second head also has a first flowpath and a second flowpath opening to the interior volume of the head. A third separation plate is positioned in the second head. This third separation plate has an opening formed therein. The third separation plate defines a first fluid section and a second fluid section in the second head. A fourth separation plate is positioned within the second head in spaced relation to the third separation plate. The fourth separation plate has a first opening and a second opening formed therein. Another tunneling channel extends across the second fluid section of the second head and in communication with the opening of the third separation plate and with the first opening of the fourth separation plate. This another tunneling channel is movable with a rotation of the rotor. 
     The center body communicates at different locations with the first flowpath of the second head and with the second flowpath of the second head. 
     In the present invention, the rotor is rotatable to a first position in which the first fluid stream enters the first orifice and flows through the tunneling channel into the at least one section of the plurality of sections of the center body and flows from the center body through the another tunneling channel of the second head and outwardly of the first orifice of the second head. A second fluid stream enters the second orifice of the second head and flows around the another tunneling channel so as to pass into the another section of the plurality of sections of the center body and outwardly through the second orifice of the first head. 
     The rotor is rotatable to a second position in which the second fluid stream enters the first orifice of the first head so as to flow around the tunneling channel so as to flow into at least another one section of the plurality of sections of the center body. The second fluid stream passes outwardly of the third passage of the center body through the another tunneling channel of the second head and outwardly through the first orifice of the second head. The second fluid stream enters the second orifice of the second head when the rotor is in the second position so as to flow around the another tunneling channel so as to flow into the at least one section of the plurality of section. The second fluid stream passes outwardly of the center body so as to flow outwardly through the second orifice of the first head. 
     A driving means can be utilized for rotating the rotor between a first position and a second position. The rotor has a first portion extending through the first head and a second portion extending through the center body and a third portion extending through the second head. The first portion, the second portion and the third portion are in axial alignment. The first and third portions being synchronized by the connection of the second portion or by other electro-mechanical means, such that the first and third portions are always offset by a fixed circumferential distance from each other during rotation of the first, second and third portions. 
     One embodiment of the present invention is a rotary fluid distribution apparatus having a head having a wall extending around an interior volume thereof. The head having fixed fluid inlets and fixed fluid outlets. A rotor extends through the interior volume and has an end surface adjacent the fixed fluid inlets and fixed fluid outlets. The rotor has a plurality of fluid sections in a stacked configuration. A first fluid section of the plurality of fluid sections is formed adjacent the end surface of said rotor. A second fluid section of the plurality of fluid sections is formed adjacent the first fluid section opposite the end plate. A third fluid section of the plurality of fluid sections is formed adjacent the second fluid section opposite the first fluid section. A plurality of tunneling channels are formed within the rotor. A first tunneling channel opens at a first end through the end surface to one of the fixed fluid inlets and the fixed fluid outlets and opens at a second end to the first fluid section of the plurality of fluid sections. A second tunneling channel opens at a first end through the end surface to another of the fixed fluid inlets and fixed fluid outlets and opens at a second end to the second fluid section. A third tunneling channel of the plurality of tunneling channels opens at a first end through the end surface to yet another of the fixed fluid inlets and fixed fluid outlets and opens at a second end to the third fluid section. The rotor is rotatable such that one of the tunneling channels opens to a different fixed fluid inlet or fixed fluid outlet. 
     This foregoing section is intended to describe, with particularity, the preferred embodiment of the present invention. It is understood that modifications and changes to this preferred embodiment can be made within the concept of the present invention. As such, this section should not be construed, in any way, as limiting of the scope of the present invention. The present invention should only be limited by the following claims and their legal equivalents. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a perspective view of the rotor of the first embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 2  is a schematic view, partially transparent, of the regenerative equipment of the first embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 3  is a second schematic view showing the flowpath of the regenerative equipment of the first embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 4  is an isolated view of the center body portion of the regenerative equipment of the first embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 5  is a perspective view of the rotor of a flow distribution valve for the simulated moving bed of the second embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 6  is a partially transparent perspective view of the rotor and the matching valve body for the simulated moving bed of the second embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 7  is a perspective view of the valve body for the simulated moving bed of the second embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 8  is a perspective view of the rotor of a flow distribution valve for the simulated moving bed of the third embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 9  is a partially transparent perspective view of the rotor and the matching valve body for the simulated moving bed of the third embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 10  is a perspective view of the rotor of a flow distribution valve for the simulated moving bed of the fourth embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 11  is a partially transparent perspective view of the rotor and the matching valve body for the simulated moving bed of the fourth embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 12  is a partially transparent perspective view of the rotor and the matching valve body for the simulated moving bed of the fourth embodiment of the present invention. The rotor is rotated and different nozzles are connected to/from the chromatography columns. 
         FIGS. 13 and 14  are perspective views of the valve body for the simulated moving bed of the fourth embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 15  is a perspective view of the rotors and connection rod for use in the simulated moving bed system of the fifth embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 16  is a perspective view, partially transparent, of the simulated moving bed system of the fifth embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 17  is a perspective view, partially transparent, of the simulated moving bed system, utilizing a single rotor, of the sixth embodiment of the present invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     Referring to  FIG. 1 , there is shown the interior  12  of the first head of the regenerative equipment of the first embodiment of the present invention. While the arrangements used in the various embodiments of the present invention differ slightly, the general principle remains the same. 
     The interior  12  of the first head has a first fluid section  14  and a second fluid section  16 . The first fluid section  14  and the second fluid section  16  are separated by a first separation plate  19 . Sealing mechanisms  18 , such as O-rings, are present on the separation plates and serve to seal the rotor chamber against the head of the apparatus. Second separation plate  21 , third separation plate  23  and fourth separation plate  25  are also shown in  FIG. 1 . 
     When a fluid stream  1  enters through a first orifice in a wall of the first head, it will enter the first fluid section  14  of the interior  12  of the first head. The fluid is routed through the tunneling channel  20 . The tunneling channel  20  allows the fluid to enter the first section  14  and bypass the second fluid section  16 . The fluid entering the first section  14  then exits head through a first flowpath as stream  1 . 
     Fluid stream  2  exits the second section  16  through a second orifice formed through a wall of the head. The fluid stream  2  comes from the opening  24  and flows through the open space of second fluid section  16 . The fluid exiting second section  16  thus passes the second flowpath and passes around the tunneling channel  20  without interaction with the fluid in section  14 . The two fluids exit or enter the rotor on opposite sides of the separation plate  19 . 
     The configuration of the head allows the source nozzles (i.e. flowpaths) of the fluid entering/exiting the respective fluid sections  14  and  16  to remain stationary, while the direction of fluid is controlled by the rotor  25 . The outer wall of tunneling channel  20  does not extend to the edge of the separation plates  19 . This allows fluid exiting/entering the side of the second fluid section  16  adjacent the tunneling channel  20  to move around the outer wall of tunneling channel  20  and exit as stream  2 , regardless of the rotational position of the rotor  25 . An optional purge stream  3  enters a third section  23  and passes through a hole in the separation plate and enters the center body of the equipment. Also shown in  FIG. 1  is the connection socket  22 . The connection socket  22  is present on both of the rotors used in the present invention, and allows for connection of the connection rod  44  which is shown in subsequent figures. The rotational power is transmitted by the rotor  25 . As the rotor rotates, different fluids are alternatively distributed to different parts of the center body of the equipment. 
     Referring to  FIG. 2 , there is shown a schematic view, partially transparent, of the regenerative equipment  10  of the first embodiment of the present invention. In the first embodiment of the present invention, the regenerative equipment  10  utilizes synchronized two rotors. In  FIG. 2 , it can be seen that there is a rotor  28  contained within a first head  32 . Similarly, there is another rotor  30  contained within second head  34 . The rotor  28  and rotor  30  are connected via connection rod  44  which extends through the center body  26  of the regenerative equipment  10  of the present invention. The connection rod  44  synchronizes the rotation of the rotor  28  and rotor  30 . 
       FIG. 2  also shows the flowpaths of the fluids introduced and exiting from the regenerative equipment  10  of the present invention. In  FIG. 2 , it can be seen how stream  1  enters the regenerative equipment  10  at the stream  1  inlet  36  adjacent the rotor  28 . The stream  1  exits the equipment  10  at the outlet  38  adjacent the rotor  30 . Stream  2  enters through a stream  2  inlet  40  (not shown) adjacent the rotor  30  and exits at stream  2  outlet  42  adjacent the rotor  28 . The optional purge stream  3  is also shown. 
     The center body  26  contains a number of sections through which the various fluids can pass. Importantly, when the rotors are rotated, the inlets and outlets of the fluids (i.e. stream  1  with inlet/outlet  36 / 38  and stream  2  with inlet/outlet  40 / 42 ) can remain the same, while the direction of the fluids, in terms of which center body section each fluid could enter, is controlled by the rotors. 
     Referring to  FIG. 3 , the flowpaths of the various fluids are more clearly shown. As shown in  FIG. 2  and  FIG. 3 , stream  1  enters at inlet  36  adjacent the rotor  28 . The flow of the stream  1  within the center body is shown by reference numerals  46 . The stream  1  enters the center body  26  and flows from rotor  28  to rotor  30 , where it reenters and exits the rotor. Stream  1  then exits the regenerative equipment  10  at outlet  38  of stream  1 . Similarly, stream  2  enters the regenerative equipment  10  at inlet  40 , passes through the center body section (indicated by reference numerals  48 ) and then enters the rotor  28 . The stream  2  then exits the regenerative equipment  10  at outlet  42 . The purge stream  3  enters from rotor  28 , passing through sections of the center body between flows  46  and  48 , and exits from rotor  30 .  FIG. 3  also more clearly shows the connection rod  44 . 
       FIG. 4  shows a perspective view of the center body portion  26  of the regenerative equipment  10  of the present invention. Importantly, it can be seen that the center body section  26  is divided into eight center body sections  50 . Baffles or partitions are positioned between the center body section  50 . Also shown in  FIG. 4  is the pathway  52  for connection rod  44  to extend between rotor  28  and rotor  30 . The configuration of the rotors allows for the introduction of the fluid into half of the center body sections  50 , while the other fluid (i.e. stream  1  or stream  2 ) is introduced into the other half of the center body sections  50 . The center body section  26  could be partitioned into many sections. Depending on the application, each section could contain heat storage or molecule storage materials. It could also contain a solid catalyst for chemical reactions. The center body could also use monolith honeycomb material and the paltition walls are not needed in such a case. 
     An important aspect of the present invention is that it allows for regenerative methods, such as rotary air dehumidifiers or regenerative heat exchangers, to be utilized wherein the center body sections containing the heat exchange material or molecular storage material do not need to be rotated. Often times, the center body sections of such apparatuses can be very heavy and difficult to rotate. The present invention allows for simple rotation of the flow of the fluid entering the apparatus, without having to move the actual source of the fluid. 
     In chromatography, the simulated moving bed (SMB) technique is a variant of high performance liquid chromatography. It is used to separate particles and/or chemical compounds that would be difficult or impossible to resolve otherwise. This increased separation is typically brought about by a valve-and-column arrangement that is used to lengthen the stationary phase indefinitely. In the moving bed technique of preparative chromatography, the feed entry and the analyte recovery are simultaneous and continuous, but because of practical difficulties with a continuously moving bed in the simulated moving bed technique, instead of moving the bed, the sample inlet and the analyte exit positions are moved continuously, giving the impression of a moving bed. 
     True moving bed chromatography (MBC) is only a theoretical concept. Its simulation, SMBC, is achieved in the prior art by the use of a multiplicity of columns in series and a complex valve arrangement, which provides for sample and solvent feed, and also analyte and waste takeoff at appropriate locations of any column, whereby it allows switching at regular intervals the sample entry in one direction, the solvent entry in the opposite direction, whilst changing the analyte and waste takeoff positions appropriately as well. 
     SMB apparatuses of the prior art are rather complex. It was found by the inventor that the use of the rotor concept described in the previous embodiment could be used in a single specialized valve to achieve SMB operation without the complex multiple valve arrangement. 
     Referring to  FIG. 5 , there is shown the rotor  142  of the simulated moving bed apparatus with one rotor of the second embodiment of the present invention. The rotor  142  has a first section  144 , a second section  146 , a third section  148 , a fourth section  150 , a fifth section  132 , a sixth section  133 , a seventh section  134 , and an eighth section  136 . The rotor  142  utilizes similar pathway technology as described in the first embodiment of the present invention. Fluid  114  exiting the first section  144  of the rotor  142  is withdrawn from opening  168  of tunneling tubes  152  for the first section  144 . These tunneling tubes pass through the rotor from section  144  to the end plate  138 . Thus, fluid of first section  144 , which enters a tunneling tube at end plate  138 , bypasses the various other sections. 
     Fluid  112  exiting the second section  146  is withdrawn from the inlet/outlet  166 . Before exiting the inlet/outlet  166 , the fluid flows through the tunneling tubes  157 . The tunneling tubes  157  open to the top of the rotor adjacent the end plate  138 . Similarly, other inlet and outlet streams flow the same way, bypassing rest of the sections and flow from one end to the other end of the rotor  142  without mixing with the rest of the streams. Finally, fluid  100  entering the eighth section  136  is directed through the inlet/outlet  162  and out of the rotor adjacent the top plate  138 . 
     Referring to  FIG. 6 , there is shown the flow pathway of the eight fluids through a single rotor  142  and a matching valve body  182  of the present invention. In  FIG. 6 , it can be seen how one product stream  114  enters the rotor from tube  178 , and travels through the various tunneling tubes up into the first section  144 . Stream  114  then exits the rotor through nozzle  130 . Similarly, the stream  110  enters the rotor from tube  176  and travels through the tunneling tube into the third section  148 . From this third section  148 , stream  110  then exits the rotor  142  through nozzle  126 . The stream  102  enters the rotor  142  at the seventh section  134  via nozzle  118 . Stream  102  is directed through the inlet/outlet hole and through the respective tunneling tubes and outward of the rotor at tube exit  174 . Similarly, stream  100  enters the rotor  142  at the eighth section  136  via nozzle  116 . It then travels through the respective inlet/outlet hole and exits the rotor at tube exit  170 . The nozzles  116 ,  118 ,  120 ,  122 ,  124 ,  126 ,  128 ,  130  are connected to feed and product storage tanks via tube connections. Tubes  170 ,  172 ,  174 ,  176   178 ,  180  etc. are connected to chromatography columns. 
     Referring to  FIG. 7 , there is shown the top view of the valve body  182  that matches rotor  142 . There are eight openings  184  that could align with eight openings at the end plate of rotor  142 , allowing fluids to pass through. When rotor  142  rotates, openings at the rotor move through the openings at the valve body sequentially, distributing different fluids to different tubes at different times. Tubes on the valve body  182  could be connected to chromatography columns and deliver feeds to them as well as retrieve products from them, enabling the operation of moving bed chromatography when rotor  142  rotates. 
     Referring to  FIG. 8 , there is shown the rotor  194  of a further embodiment of the present invention. The rotor  194  has eight sections. The rotor  194  utilizes similar pathway technology as described in the second embodiment of the present invention. Instead of using multiple tubes connected through many separation plates, rotor  194  is constructed of a single solid rod. Tunneling tubes are made by drilling multiple holes of different end points in the solid rod rotor  194 . Such a method could simplify the manufacturing process of the rotor since the repeated welding of tunneling tubes to the separation plates could be avoided. Rotor  194  is also mechanically stronger than the second embodiment of rotor  142  if both are made of the same material. 
     As an example for  FIG. 8 , a fluid  104  enters the sixth section of the rotor  194 , flows around the recessed rotor surface to reach opening  186 , and then passes through tunneling tube to emerge from opening  188  at the head of the rotor  194 . Thus, fluid  104  bypasses the seventh and eighth sections and flows into a tube of the valve body as illustrated by  FIG. 9  described subsequently. Similarly, the fluid  112  enters opening  192 , passes through the tunneling tube to emerge from opening  190  at second section, flows around the recessed rotor surface to exit rotor  194 . 
       FIG. 9  shows the rotor  194  with matching valve body  196 . The fluid  104  enters the sixth section of the rotor  194  via nozzle  120 , flows around the recessed rotor surface to reach opening  186 , passes through tunneling tube to emerge from opening  188  at the head of the rotor  194  and exit the valve system through tube  198 . The rotor and matching valve body of third embodiment of present invention have spherical heads, which create a better seal for critical applications. Nozzles on the valve body  196 , such as nozzle  120 , are connected to feed and product storage tanks via tube connections. Tubes on the valve body  196 , such as tube  198 , are connected to various chromatography columns to supply feeds to them and withdraw products from them. 
     Referring to  FIG. 10 , there is shown the rotor  229  of still another embodiment of the present invention. The rotor  229  has five sections. The rotor  229  utilizes similar pathway technology as described in the third embodiment of the present invention. Rotor  229  is constructed of a single solid rod. Tunneling tubes are made by drilling multiple holes of different end points in the solid rod. The first four sections  223 ,  221 ,  219 ,  217  are for feed streams  201 ,  205  and product streams  203 ,  207 . Feed streams and product streams are connected to feed storage tanks and product storage tanks via non-rotational tubing and fittings. The first four sections  223 ,  221 ,  219 ,  217  have recessed surfaces so that fluids could flow around the peripheral of the surface to enter/exit the tunneling tubes. The fifth section  215  is the section for fluids to be connected to chromatography columns via tubing connections. Different from the third embodiment, fluids are sent to and received from chromatography columns through the side cylindrical surface of section  215  instead of through the end plate of the rotor. The cylindrical surface of the fifth section  215  is not recessed and there is no flowpath between two fluids slots, such as slots  225  and  227 . O-rings  213  seal each slot so that a fluid would be confined in the same fluid channel within the rotor and valve body assembly, and not mix with other fluids. 
     As shown by  FIG. 10 , the fluid  201  enters the fourth section  217  of the rotor  229 , flows around the recessed rotor surface to reach opening  209 , passes through tunneling tube to emerge from opening  227  at the fifth section  215  of the rotor  229 . Similarly, the fluid  207  enters opening  225 , passes through tunneling tube to emerge from opening  211  at first section  223 , flows around the recessed rotor surface to exit rotor  229 . Thus, fluid  207  bypasses sections  217 ,  219 ,  221  and flows from a chromatography column to a storage tank unmixed with other fluids 
       FIG. 11  shows the rotor  229  with matching valve body  231 . The fluid  201  enters the fourth section of the rotor  229  via nozzle  233 , flows around the recessed rotor surface to reach opening  209 , passes through tunneling tube to emerge from nozzle  243  at the side of valve body  231  and enters a chromatographic column via tubing connections. Similarly, the fluid  207  enters nozzle  241  from a chromatography column via tubing connections, passes through the tunneling tube to emerge from opening  211  at first section  223 , flows around the recessed rotor surface to exit rotor  229  from nozzle  239 . At the particular rotational location of the rotor as shown by  FIG. 11 , nozzles  243 ,  241  and two other nozzles at the same height are aligned with fluid channels, and only chromatography columns connected with those nozzles are receiving feeds and withdrawing products. Nozzles  245 ,  247  and the other two nozzles at the lower level are blocked by the solid surface of the fifth section  215  of the rotor  229 . 
       FIG. 12  shows that when the rotor  229  rotates 45°, nozzles  245 ,  247  and two other nozzles at the lower level are aligned with fluid channels, and only chromatography columns connected with those nozzles are receiving feeds and withdrawing products. Nozzles  241 ,  243  and other two nozzles at the higher level are blocked by solid surface of the fifth section  215  of rotor  229 . Long fluid slots of  225  and  227  at section  215  of rotor  229  and the multileveled nozzle arrangement of valve body  231  serve the purpose of spreading nozzles apart so that there is enough working space for tubing connections. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 13 and 14 , there is shown the valve body  231  of the embodiment shown in  FIGS. 10-12 . The valve body does not have to have end plates to confine the rotor since the sealing of fluid is accomplished by O-rings on the rotor  229 . Four nozzles  233 ,  235 ,  237 ,  239  are used for connection of feed and product streams to storage tanks. Eight nozzles  241 ,  243 ,  245 ,  247 ,  249 ,  251 ,  253  and  255  on two levels aligned with section  215  of rotor  229  are used for connection of feed and product streams to chromatography columns. Rotor  229  could be easily removed from either end of the valve body  231  since no end plate is necessary with such an open valve body design. 
     Referring to  FIG. 15 , there is shown a schematic view with flow paths for the simulated moving bed apparatus  300  with two rotors of the fifth embodiment of the present invention. In  FIG. 15  it can be seen that a top rotor  302  is connected to the bottom rotor  304  via the connection rod  306 . 
     Feed is introduced into the first section  308  of the top rotor  302 . The feed then travels through a tunneling tube into the center body section of the moving bed apparatus  300 . Similarly, eluent is introduced into the second section  310  of the top rotor  302 . The eluent goes through the outlet hole of the rotor  302  and is directed into the center body section of the moving bed apparatus  300 . Extract is withdrawn from the tunneling tube of the bottom rotor  304  and into the first section  312  of the bottom rotor  304 . The extract is then directed outwardly of the bottom rotor  304 . Raffinate enters the bottom rotor  304  through an inlet/outlet hole. The raffinate enters the second section  314  of the bottom rotor  304  and then exits through the bottom rotor  304 . The various tunneling tubes and inlet/outlet holes are importantly orientated 90° with respect to one another. This allows for the present invention to achieve the simulated moving bed functions of the present invention. Whereas in the two rotor embodiment described previously the various rotors are synchronized such that the inlet and outlet portions are aligned, in the simulated moving bed embodiments, these rotors are synchronized such that the various inlets and outlets are orientated 90° with respect to one another. 
       FIG. 16  shows a schematic view, partially transparent, of the simulated moving bed apparatus with two rotors  300  of the present invention. In  FIG. 16 , it can be seen how there are circulation tubes  316  connected to the heads of the moving bed apparatus  300 . Arrows indicate the flow of the fluid within the moving bed apparatus  300 . Importantly, it can be see how the connection tubes  316  take fluid leaving one center body section and introduce it to the bottom of a subsequent center body section. This fluid rotation allows for the present invention to achieve the simulated moving bed affect. 
       FIG. 17  shows a schematic view, partially transparent, of the simulated moving bed apparatus with one rotor  400  of the sixth embodiment of the present invention. The rotor  402  of the simulated moving bed apparatus  400  is similar to rotors previously described and the configuration of the circulation tubes  410  is identical to that shown in  FIG. 16 . The flow of the raffinate ( 430 ,  480 ), eluent ( 460 ,  490 ), extract ( 440 ,  470 ), and feed ( 450 ,  485 ) is easily seen in  FIG. 17 . Since no connection rod is needed for this embodiment, the pathway for the connection rod could be filled with a spacer to occupy the dead space. Streams of internal flow ( 475 ) are separated by plates in the center body and confined by the bottom head  420  and top head. 
     The foregoing disclosure and description of the invention is illustrative and explanatory thereof. Various changes in the details of the illustrated construction can be made within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the true spirit of the invention. The present invention should only be limited by the following claims and their legal equivalents.