Abstract:
A vacuum processing method and apparatus having one cassette containing wafers which are to be transferred in a preset transferring order to a processing unit via a transfer unit, and another cassette containing wafers to be processed on an emergency basis. Automatic control of processing a wafer from the one cassette is effected, and in response to a request for emergency processing of a water of the another cassette, the automatic processing control of the one wafer from the one cassette is temporarily stopped while completing processing of the wafer of the one cassette returning the same to the one cassette. Emergency processing is initiated by transferring a wafer from the another cassette to the vacuum processing unit via the transfer unit. The processing of the emergency wafer is completed and the processed emergency wafer is returned to the another cassette.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
   This is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/535,753, filed Mar. 27, 2000, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,714,832, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 08/925,190, filed Sep. 8, 1997, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,069,096, the subject matter of which is incorporated by reference herein. 

   BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
   The present invention relates to a method of operating a vacuum processing system including two or more processing units for processing wafers and a transferring unit for carrying the wafers, wherein the wafers are processed using at least two or more of the processing units; and, the invention further relates to a vacuum processing system for carrying out the method. 
   A system including a plurality of processing chambers connected to a carrying chamber, for example, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-open No. 133532/1988, (hereinafter referred to as the first known method) is characterized in that, in a normal operating state, different wafers can be simultaneously carried into and processed in separate processing chambers, or each wafer can be carried into and processed sequentially in two or more of the processing chambers. 
   Another method of operating a processing system, for example, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-open No. 274746/1991, (hereinafter referred to as the second known method) is characterized in that, in a operation wherein processing steps are performed simultaneously through processing chambers along two routes, if a processing chamber located along one route is undergoing maintenance work, processing chambers located along the other route are temporarily used for all of the processing steps to be performed along the two routes. 
   Thus, there has been known heretofore: 
   a system in which wafers are subjected to a plurality of processing steps in a vacuum by carrying wafers into two or more processing chambers through a carrying passage in a vacuum atmosphere and subjecting the wafers to processing steps inherent to the individual processing chambers; a method of carrying wafers into the processing chambers; and a method wherein maintenance work is performed simultaneously with the usual wafer processing. 
   The first known method, described in Japanese Patent Laid-open No. 133532/1988, however, has failed to examine a situation in which a processing chamber becomes inoperable because of a failure or the like during an operation using two or more processing chambers along a processing route, to suggest that the processing should be continued under such a condition using the remaining operable processing chambers, or to consider ways of recovery of the inoperable processing chamber. 
   The first known method also has failed to consider a method and procedure in which, if there is a processing chamber which is required to be repaired at the time of start of an operation, the system can still be operated using only the remaining operable processing chambers. 
   The first known method also has failed to consider a method and procedure in which, during an operation using two or more processing chambers along a processing route, when the operation is temporarily discontinued, a process interruption using as the processing route a processing chamber not normally used for the processing route prior to the operation being discontinued is carried out in priority, and wherein the processing which was temporarily discontinued is restarted after termination of the process interruption. 
   The first known method also has failed to consider, during an operation using two or more of the processing units as a processing route, the situation wherein an actuating instruction is supplied to apparatuses in a processing unit not currently used for the processing route from the point of view of securing a required level of safety of an operator when an auxiliary operating unit spaced from a main operating unit supplies the actuating instruction to the apparatuses in the processing chamber not used in the processing route for the operation. 
   On the other hand, the second known method, described in Japanese Patent Laid-open No. 274746/1991, has failed to consider a manner of securing the safety of the operator against a processing gas flowing due to “a wrong operation” or electric shock due to improper operation of a discharging power supply when maintenance work for exchange of a target or the like is performed by an operator standing on the side of components of the working system while the usual wafer processing is being performed. 
   Thus, although the known methods have examined the operation performed in a state wherein processing chambers are operable and in a state where a processing chamber which needs to be repaired is initially omitted before start of operation, they have failed to consider operation in a state wherein a processing chamber become inoperable during processing due to occurrence of an abnormal state, a process interruption, a temporarily discontinued state of operation and re-start of operation from the discontinued state, and actuation and utilization of a processing chamber not used for the processing route during operation. Accordingly, the known methods have failed to consider a method of operating a system, including processing chambers of the same kind which are connected to each other, wherein, when a processing chamber becomes inoperable, the operation is continued using the remaining operable processing chambers. As a result, the previously disclosed methods have a poor working efficiency. 
   Further, the known methods have failed to consider ways of securing the safety of an operator in the case where recovery of an abnormal processing chamber or periodic maintenance work is performed simultaneously with the usual operation of normally processing wafers. 
   SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
   The present invention has been made to avoid the problems inherent in the known methods. 
   Thus, a first object of the present invention is to provide a method of operating a vacuum processing system, including two or more of processing units for processing wafers and a transferring unit for transferring the wafers, in which the wafers are processed using at least two or more of the processing units, wherein the system can be continuously operated even when one of the processing units becomes inoperable because of a failure or the like during operation, using the remaining processing units to form a processing route, and to provide a vacuum processing system for carrying out the method. 
   A second object of the present invention is to provide a method of the type described, wherein, when a processing unit requires repair, the system can be operated using only the remaining operable processing chambers, and to provide a vacuum processing system for carrying out the method. 
   A third object of the present invention is to provide a method of the type described, which is capable of temporarily discontinuing the processing operation and re-starting the processing operation from the discontinued state; and temporarily discontinuing the processing operation, carrying out a process interruption using as the processing route a processing chamber which has not used in the processing route of the processing operation prior to the operation being discontinued, and re-starting the temporarily discontinued operation after termination of the process interruption, and to provide a vacuum processing system capable of carrying out the method. 
   A fourth object of the present invention is to provide a method of the type described, which, during operation of two or more of the processing chambers as a processing route, operates to issue an actuating instruction to apparatuses in a processing chamber not used for the processing route in such a way to secure the safety of the operator in the case where the actuating instruction is supplied to the apparatuses of the processing chambers not used for the processing route, particularly, by an auxiliary operating unit spaced from a main operating unit, and to provide a vacuum processing system for carrying out the method. 
   A fifth object of the present invention is to provide a method of the type described, which is capable of securing the safety of an operator in the case where recovery work for an abnormal processing chamber or periodic maintenance work is performed simultaneously with the usual operation of normally processing wafers, thereby improving the working efficiency of the system, while achieving an increased safety, and to provide a vacuum processing system for carrying out the method. 
   To achieve the above objects, according to the present invention, there is provided a processing system including: an operational information signal generating device provided in each processing unit for generating an operational information signal indicating an operable or inoperable state of the processing unit; an operational information signal storing device for storing operational information signals; and a system control device for continuously operating the system using operable ones of the processing units, without use of an inoperable processing unit, on the basis of the operational information signals. 
   According to a method of operating the processing system of the present invention, when a processing unit becomes inoperable because of a failure or the like during operation, operation of the system is temporarily discontinued, and it is judged by an operator whether or not the operation is to be continued. If it is decided that the operation should be continued, the operation can be continued using the remaining operable processing units. 
   According to the present invention, in the case where an operation is started in a state a processing unit requires repair or maintenance upon start of operation, the system can be operated using the remaining operable processing units, without use of the processing unit which requires repair or maintenance upon the start of operation. 
   To further achieve the above objects, according to the present invention, there is provided a method of operating a vacuum processing system and a vacuum processing system therefor, which are intended to secure the safety of an operator by providing a function wherein an air line for driving an air operation valve of each gas line is cut off (such as by use of a manually opened/closed valve) for preventing occurrence of the flow of a processing gas due to improper operation in the case where recovery work for an abnormal processing chamber or periodic maintenance work is performed simultaneously with the usual operation for normally processing wafers, and also by providing a function wherein, example, an ON/OFF breaker for each power supply line, is used for cutting off a power supply connected to a discharging power unit for preventing electric shock due to improper actuation of the discharging power supply during the recovery or maintenance work. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       FIG. 1  is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of a vacuum processing system according to the present invention; 
       FIG. 2  is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the vacuum processing system according to the present invention; 
       FIG. 3  is a flow diagram showing a cleaning operation according to the present invention; 
       FIG. 4  is a block diagram showing a control configuration of a system control device provided in the vacuum processing system shown in  FIG. 1 ; 
       FIG. 5  is a diagram showing operational information signals of the system control device provided in the vacuum processing system shown in  FIG. 1 ; 
       FIG. 6  is a diagram showing processing order information of the system control device provided in the vacuum processing system shown in  FIG. 1 ; 
       FIG. 7  is a flow chart showing automatic operation by the system control device provided in the vacuum processing system shown in  FIG. 1 ; 
       FIG. 8  is a flow chart showing the details of the flow of automatic operation shown in  FIG. 7 ; 
       FIG. 9  is a flow diagram showing an operational state upon re-start of automatic operation after generation of an abnormal state in the vacuum processing system shown in  FIG. 1 ; 
       FIG. 10  is a flow diagram showing an operational state in which processing units are separated during automatic operation in the vacuum processing system shown in  FIG. 1 ; 
       FIG. 11  is a flow diagram showing a change in operating state upon processing of a pilot cassette during automatic operation in the vacuum processing system shown in  FIG. 1 ; 
       FIG. 12  is a schematic diagram showing separation of processing units in the vacuum processing system; 
       FIG. 13  is a flow chart showing operational interlocking between a main control unit and an auxiliary operation unit; and 
       FIG. 14  shows Table 1. 
   

   DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
   Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to  FIGS. 1  to  14 . 
   Referring to  FIG. 1 , there is shown an example of a processing system representing one embodiment of the present invention. The processing system includes four processing units, a transferring unit on which the processing units are mounted, and an atmospheric carrier disposed in front of a main body of the system. In this system, cassettes for supplying wafers into the processing units are disposed in the atmospheric carrier, and the wafers are taken out of the cassettes one by one, carried into the processing units, and processed in the processing units. It is to be noted that four or more processing units may be mounted on the transferring unit. The transferring unit, indicated by reference numeral  1 , is adapted to carry each of the wafers from a load lock chamber into each of the processing units on the basis of a wafer carrying schedule and to carry a wafer which has been processed in one processing unit to the next processing unit, and finally to carry a wafer which has been processed in all of the processing units into an unload lock chamber. The processing units are indicated by reference numerals  2 - 1  to  2 - 4 . Here, the processing steps include all of the typical wafer processing steps, such as etching, post-treatment, film formation, sputtering, CVD and washing. The load lock chamber, indicated by reference numeral  3 , is adapted to carry wafers from the atmospheric carrier into the transferring unit. The unload lock chamber, indicated by reference numeral  4 , is adapted to carry wafers from the processing units into the atmospheric carrier. The atmospheric carrier, indicated by reference numeral  6 , is used for mounting cassettes containing wafers. The cassettes, indicated generally by reference numeral  7 , include cassettes containing product wafers and a cassette containing cleaning wafers. Reference numeral  5  indicates a vacuum robot provided in the transferring unit for carrying wafers, and reference numeral  8  indicates an atmospheric robot for taking wafers out of the cassettes in the atmospheric carrier, inserting them into the load lock chamber  3 , and for returning the wafers in the unload lock chamber  4  to the original cassette. 
   In the usual operation, an operator sets the cassette  7 - 1  (or  7 - 2 ) containing product wafers and the cassette  7 - 3  containing cleaning wafers in the atmospheric carrier  6 . An operational condition of the system is set using a display device  13  and an input device  14  and an instruction for start of operation is given by the operator. As the operation is started, wafers are carried into the processing units  2 - 1 ,  2 - 2 ,  2 - 3  and/or  2 - 4  to be processed and returned to the original cassette after processing. When the wafers in the cassette are all processed, a buzzer (not shown) is actuated to inform the operator of the need for recovering the cassette. The cassette is thus removed by the operator. 
   After termination of processing with respect to the cassette or cassettes containing product wafers, the cleaning wafer is carried from the cassette  7 - 3  into the processing units  2 - 1  to  2 - 4 , followed by cleaning of the processing units using the cleaning wafer, after which the cleaning wafer is returned to the cassette  7 - 3 . The cleaning can be performed by sequentially carrying one cleaning dummy wafer successively into the processing unit  2 - 1  to  2 - 4 , or by simultaneously carrying four cleaning dummy wafers into the respective processing units  2 - 1  to  2 - 4 . Although the cleaning is performed by carrying a cleaning dummy wafer from the cassette  7 - 3  into the processing units  2 - 1  to  2 - 4  after termination of processing of the cassette or cassettes containing the product wafers, the cleaning may be performed without carrying the cleaning dummy wafer into the processing units  2 - 1  to  2 - 4 . In addition to the cleaning performed after termination of processing of the product wafers contained in one cassette as described above, the cleaning can be performed by carrying the cleaning dummy wafer from the cassette  7 - 3  into the processing units  2 - 1  to  2 - 4  each time a specific number of the product wafers have been processed. However, the cleaning may be performed without carrying the cleaning dummy wafer from the cassette  7 - 3  into the processing units  2 - 1  to  2 - 4  each time a specific number of the product wafers are processed. In addition, the cleaning can be performed by carrying the cleaning dummy wafer from the cassette  7 - 3  into the processing units  2 - 1  to  2 - 4  after a specific number of cassettes containing product wafers are processed. 
   The above wafer processing can be performed after aging without carrying the cleaning dummy wafer from the cassette  7 - 3  into the processing units  2 - 1  to  2 - 4  before start of processing the cassette containing product wafers. The above wafer processing can be also performed after carrying the cleaning dummy wafer from the cassette  7 - 3  into the processing units  2 - 1  to  2 - 4  before start of processing the cassette containing product wafers, followed by aging for a specific number of the wafers, and then returning the dummy wafer into the cassette  7 - 3 . 
   It is to be noted that the cleaning is performed for removing contaminants in a processing unit, and the aging is performed for returning the state of the interior of a processing unit to a wafer processing state before wafer processing. 
   The processing route as one of the operational conditions may be set by arranging symbols indicating processing units in the processing order of wafers. The processing orders of wafers are shown as operating modes in Table 1 of FIG.  14 . 
   In the following description of the operating mode, it is assumed that the same processing (etching in this embodiment) is performed in the processing units  2 - 2  and  2 - 3 , and the same processing (post-treatment in this embodiment) is performed in the processing units  2 - 1  and  2 - 4 , so that each wafer is subjected to etching in the processing unit  2 - 2  or  2 - 3  and subsequently to post-treatment in the processing unit  2 - 1  or  2 - 4 . In the operation of this embodiment, it is also assumed that after product wafers in one cassette are processed, a cleaning operation is performed by carrying the cleaning wafer from the cassette  7 - 3  to the processing unit  2 - 3  (or  2 - 2 ) and to the processing unit  2 - 4  (or  2 - 1 ). In the processing of some wafers, only etching may be performed. 
   (1) Parallel Operation of One Cassette/One Recipe 
   In this operation, wafers to be processed in the same processing condition (hereinafter referred to as “a recipe”) are sequentially taken from the lowermost or uppermost stage of a cassette, carried from the cassette into the processing units by the transferring unit, and processed in the processing units. Here, wafers are processed using routes A and B. In the route A, a wafer is subjected to etching in the processing unit  2 - 2  and to post-treatment in the processing unit  2 - 1 , and is returned to the original cassette. In the route B, a wafer is subjected to etching in the processing unit  2 - 3  and to post-treatment in the processing unit  2 - 4 , and is returned to the original cassette. 
   The processing order in this embodiment is determined by a combination of the routes A and B.
         route A: cassette  7 - 1 →processing unit  2 - 2 →processing unit  2 - 1 →cassette  7 - 1     route B: cassette  7 - 1 →processing unit  2 - 3 →processing unit  2 - 4 →cassette  7 - 1         

   The processing order is not limited thereto, but also may be determined by the following combination:
         route C: cassette  7 - 1 →processing unit  2 - 2 →processing unit  2 - 4 →cassette  7 - 1     route D: cassette  7 - 1 →processing unit  2 - 3 →processing unit  2 - 1 →cassette  7 - 1         

   In the above processing order, the first wafer is processed along the route A; the second wafer is processed along the route B; and the third wafer and the wafers subsequent thereto are similarly alternately processed along the routes A and B. After the final wafer is carried from the cassette  7 - 1  (see FIG.  3 A), the cleaning wafer is carried from the cassette  7 - 3  into the processing unit  2 - 3 , to clean the processing unit  2 - 3  (see FIG.  3 B). After the final wafer in the processing unit  2 - 2  has been carried into the processing unit  2 - 1 , a cleaning wafer is carried from the cassette  7 - 3  into the processing unit  2 - 2 , to clean the processing unit  2 - 2 . After termination of cleaning of the processing unit  2 - 3 , the cleaning wafer is carried from the processing unit  2 - 3  into the processing unit  2 - 4 , to clean the processing unit  2 - 4 . 
   If a product wafer cassette  7 - 2  has been set in the carrier  6  by this time, the cassette  7 - 2  is processed subsequent to termination of processing of the cassette  7 - 1 . That is, the first product wafer is carried from the cassette  7 - 2  into the processing unit  2 - 3 , and is processed therein (see FIG.  3 C). After termination of cleaning in the processing unit  2 - 4 , the cleaning wafer is returned to the cassette  7 - 3 . If the cleaning in the processing unit  2 - 2  is terminated by this time, the cleaning wafer is carried from the processing unit  2 - 2  into the processing unit  2 - 1 , to clean the processing unit  2 - 1 . Then, the second product wafer is carried from the cassette  7 - 2  into the processing unit  2 - 2 , and is processed therein (see FIG.  3 D). When the wafers in the cassette  7 - 1  are all processed, a buzzer (not shown) is actuated to inform an operator of termination of processing the wafers in the cassette  7 - 1  and of the need to exchange the cassette. The cassette  7 - 2  is also processed in the same processing order as that for the cassette  7 - 1 . When the wafers in the cassette  7 - 2  are all processed, the buzzer is actuated to inform an operator of termination of processing the wafers in the cassette  7 - 2  and of the need to exchange the cassette. Such an operational cycle will be repeated. The operation is terminated by inputting an operation terminating signal at the main control unit  11 . 
   The processing is terminated in accordance with any one of the following five modes.
         a) Stop the Wafer Supply: Taking wafers out of the cassette in the course of processing is stopped (in the case of an operation using two cassettes as one lot, taking wafers out of the designated cassette is stopped).   b) Stop the Cassette Supply: Processing of all wafers in a cassette in the course of processing is continued until all wafers therein have been processed, and thereafter processing of another cassette which has been mounted by that time is prevented (in the case of an operation using two cassettes as one lot, processing of all wafers in the designated cassette is continued until all wafers therein have been processed, and thereafter processing of the other cassette which has been mounted by that time is prevented).   c) Stop of Cycle: the operating cycle is stopped directly after the present actions, such as processing, exhaust, leak, and carrying are terminated.   d) Temporary Stop of Processing Unit: operation of a designated processing unit is stopped after the present processing is terminated. In this case, the operation can be re-started from the temporary stopped state by inputting an operation re-start signal. Only the processing unit concerned can be manually re-started.   e) Immediate Stop: all of the actions in the course of operation are immediately stopped.
 
2) Parallel Operation of Two Cassette/One Recipe
       

   In this operation, similar to the above “parallel operation of one cassette/one recipe”, wafers to be processed in the same processing condition (or recipe) are sequentially taken from the lowermost or uppermost stage of a cassette, carried from the cassette into the processing units by the transferring unit, and processed in the processing units. This operation, however, is different from the “parallel operation of one cassette/one recipe” in terms of the processing order in which the wafers are taken out of the cassettes and carried into the processing units by the transferring unit. 
   For the “parallel operation of one cassette/one recipe”, wafers are sequentially taken out of the same cassette, carried into the processing units by the transferring unit, and processed in the processing units; and, after termination of processing of all of the wafers in the cassette, wafers in the next cassette are started to be processed. On the contrary, in this “parallel operation of two cassette/one recipe”, wafers are alternately taken out of the two cassettes  7 - 1  and  7 - 2 , carried into respective processing units by the transferring unit, and are processed in the respective processing units. As in the “parallel operation of one cassette/one recipe”, wafers are processed along the routes A and B. In the route A, a wafer is subjected to etching in the processing unit  2 - 2  and to post-treatment in the processing unit  2 - 1  and is returned to the original cassette. In the route B, a wafer is subjected to etching in the processing unit  2 - 3  and to post-treatment in the processing unit  2 - 4  and is returned to the original cassette. The routes C and D in the above “parallel operation of one cassette/one recipe” also may be adopted in this “parallel operation of two cassette/one recipe”. 
   Specifically, in this operation, the first wafer is taken out of the cassette  7 - 1  and is processed along the route A; the second wafer is taken out of the cassette  7 - 2  and is processed along the route B; and the third wafer and the wafers subsequent thereto are similarly alternately taken out of the cassettes  7 - 1  and  7 - 2  and are processed along the routes A and B. After termination of processing of all of the wafers in the cassette  7 - 1  or  7 - 2 , a buzzer (not shown) is actuated to inform an operator of termination of processing of the cassette  7 - 2  (or  7 - 2 ) and to the need to exchange the cassette. Until the terminated cassette is replaced with a new cassette, only wafers in the other cassette are continued to be processed. When the new cassette is mounted, wafers are once again alternately taken out of the cassettes  7 - 1  and  7 - 2 , carried into the processing units by the transferring unit, and processed in the processing units. The same operating cycle will be repeated thereafter. The operation is terminated by inputting an operation terminating signal at the main control unit  11 . The terminating modes are the same as those in the “parallel operation of one cassette/one recipe”. The cleaning may be performed in the same manner as that described in the item (1) “Parallel Operation of One Cassette/One Recipe”. 
   3) Parallel Operation of Two cassettes/Two Recipes 
   In this operation, since the wafer processing recipe for the cassette  7 - 1  is different from that for the cassette  7 - 2 , the processing time required for processing a wafer may sometimes differ for each processing unit. In this case, the carrying of wafers from the cassettes  7 - 1  and  7 - 2  is not alternately performed, but is performed in such a manner that after a wafer is processed in one processing unit and is carried to the next processing unit, the next wafer is carried into the former processing unit. The other configuration is the same as that of the “parallel operation of two cassette/one recipe”. In addition, the cleaning may be performed in the same manner as that described in the item (1) “Parallel Operation of One Cassette/One Recipe”. 
   4) Series Operation of One Cassette/One Recipe 
   In this operation, similar to the above “parallel operation of one cassette/one recipe”, wafers to be processed in the same processing condition (or recipe) are sequentially taken from the lowermost or uppermost stage of a cassette, carried from the cassette into the processing units by the transferring unit, and processed in the processing units. This operation, however, is different from the “parallel operation of one cassette/one recipe” in terms of the processing route. In this “series operation of one cassette/one recipe”, wafers are processed along a route E in which each wafer is subjected to etching in the processing unit  2 - 2  (or  2 - 3 ), to etching in the processing unit  2 - 3  (or  2 - 2 ), and to post-treatment in the processing unit  2 - 1  (or  2 - 4 ), and is returned to the original cassette. 
   Specifically, the first wafer is processed along the route E, and the second wafer is processed along the same route E. Such an operational cycle is repeated until the final wafer in the cassette is processed. After termination of processing of all of the wafers in the cassette  7 - 1 , a buzzer (not shown) is actuated to inform an operator of termination of processing of the cassette  7 - 1  and of the need to exchange the cassette. If the cassette  7 - 2  is mounted by that time, wafers in the cassette  7 - 2  are subsequently processed in the same processing order as that for the wafers in the cassette  7 - 1 . After termination of processing of all of the wafers in the cassette  7 - 2 , the buzzer (not shown) is actuated to inform an operator of termination of processing of the cassette  7 - 2  and of the need to exchange the cassette. If the next cassette  7 - 1  is mounted by that time, wafers in the cassette  7 - 1  are subsequently processed. Such an operational cycle will be repeated thereafter. The operation is terminated by inputting an operation terminating signal at the main control unit  11 . The terminating modes are the same as those in the “parallel operation of one cassette/one recipe In addition, the cleaning may be performed in the same manner as that described in the item (1) “Parallel Operation of One Cassette/One Recipe”. 
   Although the operating methods 1) to 4) have been described, such a description is for illustrative purposes only, and it is to be understood that many changes in operating method may be made by subjecting a combination of cassettes, recipes, and the kinds (parallel and series) of operation. 
   For maintenance of the system, the system can be operated by an operator standing on the system side using a display device  26  and an input device  25  disposed in an auxiliary operation panel  22 . The auxiliary operation panel  22 , represented by a portable terminal (for example, a note type personal computer), can be carried near the system. Accordingly, the operator can make use of system information (for example, ON/OFF information of input/output bit, error information, etc.) displayed on the display device  26  while visually observing the system condition during maintenance of the system. That is, the auxiliary operating panel  22  is effective to improve the operability of the maintenance work. The auxiliary operation panel  22 , which has the same function as that of the main control unit  11 , is further provided with a wrong operation preventive function for securing the safety of the operator. Specifically, the operating right for the system may be shifted to the auxiliary operation panel  22 , in the event of which the main control unit  11  is not allowed to operate the system, and vice versa. 
     FIG. 2  is a view showing one example of another embodiment of the processing system of the present invention. In this system, four processing units are mounted on a transferring unit, and a cassette for supplying wafers into the processing units is set in a load lock chamber  3 A provided in a main body of the system, wherein wafers are taken out of the cassette one by one, carried into the processing units by the transferring unit, and processed in the processing units. In addition, four or more processing units may be mounted on the transferring unit. 
   In the configuration of the system of this embodiment, the atmospheric carrier  6  in which cassettes containing wafers are set and the atmospheric robot  8  are omitted from the configuration shown in FIG.  1 . In other words, the function and configuration of this system are the same as those of the system shown in  FIG. 1 , except that the supply of wafers from a cassette is performed in the load lock chamber  3 A and the return of the wafers to the cassette is performed in an unload lock chamber  4 A. The cleaning is performed by setting a cassette containing cleaning wafers in the load lock chamber  3 A (or unload lock chamber  4 A), carrying the cleaning wafer into the processing units  2 - 1  to  2 - 4 , cleaning the processing units using the cleaning wafer, and returning the cleaning wafer to the original cassette. The operation modes in this embodiment are as follows: 
   (1) Parallel Operation of One Cassette/One Recipe 
   In this operation, wafers to be processed in the same processing condition (recipe) are sequentially taken from the lowermost or uppermost stage of a cassette, carried from the cassette into the processing units by the transferring unit, and processed in the processing units. The wafers are processed using routes A and B. In the route A, a wafer is subjected to etching in the processing unit  2 - 2  and to post-treatment in the processing unit  2 - 1 , and is returned to the original cassette. In the route B, a wafer is subjected to etching in the processing unit  2 - 3  and to post-treatment in the processing unit  2 - 4 , and is returned to the original cassette. 
   The processing order in this embodiment is determined by a combination of the routes A and B.
         route A: cassette  7 - 1 A in load lock chamber  3 A→processing unit  2 - 2 →processing unit  2 - 1 →cassette  7 - 1  in unload lock chamber  4 A   route B: cassette  7 - 1 A in load lock chamber  3 A→processing unit  2 - 3 →processing unit  2 - 4 →cassette  7 - 2 A in unload lock chamber  4 A       

   The processing order is not limited thereto, but also may be determined by the following combination:
         route C: cassette  7 - 1 A in load lock chamber  3 A→processing unit  2 - 2 →processing unit  2 - 4 →cassette  7 - 2 A in unload lock chamber  4 A   route D: cassette  7 - 1 A in load lock chamber  3 A→processing unit  2 - 3 →processing unit  2 - 1 →cassette  7 - 2 A in unload lock chamber  4 A       

   In the above processing order, the wafers which have been processed are returned to the cassette  7 - 2 A in the unload lock chamber  4 A; however, they can be returned to the cassette  7 - 1 A, out of which they have been taken, in the load lock chamber  3 A. 
   In connection with this embodiment, there will be described an example in which wafers taken out of a cassette  7 - 1 A in the load lock chamber  3 A are processed along the parallel routes A and B, and are returned to an initially empty cassette  7 - 2 A in the unload lock chamber  4 A. Specifically, the first wafer is processed along the route A; the second wafer is processed in the route B; and the third wafer and the wafers subsequent thereto are similarly alternately processed in the routes A and B. After termination of processing of all of the wafers in the cassette  7 - 1  A in the load lock chamber  3 A, a buzzer (not shown) is actuated to inform an operator of termination of processing the cassette  7 - 1 A in the load lock chamber and the cassette  7 - 2 A in the unload lock chamber  4 A and of the need to exchange the cassettes. Next, a cassette containing new wafers is set in the load lock chamber  3 A and an empty cassette is set in the unload lock chamber  4 A. The operating cycle will be repeated thereafter. The operation is terminated by inputting an operation terminating signal at the main control unit  11 . The terminating modes are the same as those in the “parallel operation of one cassette/one recipe” in the previous embodiment. 
   2) Parallel Operation of Two Cassette/One Recipe 
   In this operation, wafers to be processed in the same processing condition (or recipe) are sequentially taken from the lowermost or uppermost stage of a cassette, carried from the cassette into the processing units by the transferring unit, and processed in the processing units. 
   For the above “parallel operation of one cassette/one recipe”, wafers are sequentially taken out of the same cassette, carried into the processing units by the transferring unit, and processed in the processing units; and, after termination of processing of all of the wafers in the cassette, processing of wafers in the next cassette is started. However, in this “parallel operation of two cassette/one recipe”, wafers are alternately taken out of the cassette  7 - 1 A in the load lock chamber  3 A and the cassette  7 - 2 A in the unload lock chamber  4 A, carried into the processing units by the transferring unit, and are processed in the processing units. As in the “parallel operation of one cassette/one recipe”, the wafers are processed along the routes A and B. In the route A, a wafer is subjected to etching in the processing unit  2 - 2  and to post-treatment in the processing unit  2 - 1  and is returned to the original cassette. In the route B, a wafer is subjected to etching in the processing unit  2 - 3  and to post-treatment in the processing unit  2 - 4  and is returned to the original cassette. The routes C and D in the above “parallel operation of one cassette/one recipe” also may be adopted in this “parallel operation of two cassette/one recipe”. 
   Specifically, the first wafer is taken out of the cassette  7 - 1 A in the load lock chamber  3 A and processed along the route A, and the second wafer is taken out of the cassette  7 - 2 A in the unload lock chamber  4 A and processed along the route B. And, this same operating cycle will be repeated until the final wafer in either of the cassettes  7 - 1 A and  7 - 2 A is processed. After termination of processing of all of the wafers in the cassette  7 - 1 A in the load lock chamber  3 A or the cassette  7 - 2 A in the unload lock chamber  4 A, the buzzer is actuated to inform an operator of termination of processing of the wafers in the cassette in the load lock chamber  3 A or in the unload lock chamber  4 A and of the need to exchange the cassette. Until the terminated cassette is removed and a new cassette is set, only wafers in the other cassette continue to be processed. When the new cassette is set, wafers are alternately taken out of the cassette in the load lock chamber  3 A and the cassette in the unload lock chamber  4 A, carried into the processing units by the transferring unit, and processed in the processing units. The same operating cycle will be repeated thereafter. The operation is terminated by inputting an operation terminating signal at the main control unit  11 . The operating modes are the same as those in the above “parallel operation of one cassette/one recipe”. 
   3) Parallel Operation of Two Cassettes/Two recipes 
   In this operation, the wafer processing recipe for the cassette  7 - 1 A in the load lock chamber  3 A may be sometimes different from the wafer processing recipe for the cassette  7 - 2 A in the unload lock chamber  4 A. In this case, the carrying of wafers from the cassettes  7 - 1 A and  7 - 2 A is not alternately performed, but is performed in such a manner that, after a wafer is processed in a processing unit and is carried to the next processing unit, the next wafer is carried into the former processing unit. The other features are the same as those of the above “parallel operation of two cassette/one recipe”. In addition, the cleaning may be performed in the same manner as that described in the item 
   (1) “Parallel Operation of One Cassette/One Recipe”. 
   4) Series Operation of One Cassette/One Recipe 
   In this operation, similar to the above “parallel operation of one cassette/one recipe”, wafers to be processed in the same processing condition (or recipe) are sequentially taken from the lowermost or uppermost stage of a cassette, carried from the cassette into the processing units by the transferring unit, and processed in the processing units. This operation, however, is different from the “parallel operation of one cassette/one recipe” in terms of the processing route. In this “series operation of one cassette/one recipe”, wafers are processed along a route E in which each wafer is subjected to etching in the processing unit  2 - 2  (or  2 - 3 ), to etching in the processing unit  2 - 3  (or  2 - 2 ), and to post-treatment in the processing unit  2 - 1  (or  2 - 4 ), and is returned to the original cassette. 
   In connection with this embodiment, there will be described an example in which wafers taken out of the cassette  7 - 1 A in the load lock chamber  3 A are processed along the route E and are returned to the cassette  7 - 2 A in the unload lock chamber  4 A. The first wafer is processed along the route E, and the second wafer is also processed along the same route E. Such an operational cycle will be repeated until the final wafer in the cassette  7 - 1 A is processed. After termination of processing of all of the wafers in the cassette  7 - 1 A, the buzzer (not shown) is actuated to inform an operator of termination of processing the cassette  7 - 1 A in the load lock chamber  3 A and the cassette  7 - 2 A in the unload lock chamber  7 - 2 A and of the need to exchange the cassettes. Next, a cassette containing new wafers is set in the load lock chamber  3 A and an empty cassette is set in the unload lock chamber  4 A. Thus, the above operating cycle will be repeated thereafter. The operation is terminated by inputting an operation terminating signal at the main control unit  11 . The terminating modes are the same as those in the “parallel operation of one cassette/one recipe”. 
     FIG. 4  is a diagram showing the configuration of the main control unit  11  of the system. In this embodiment, the main control unit for entirely controlling the system is mounted in the transferring unit  1 ; however, it may be mounted separately from the transferring unit  1 . The display device  13  and the input device  14  also may be provided separately from the main control unit. It is to be noted that, in the figure, there are illustrated only essential portions as control device, with input/output control portions (DI/O, AI/O) necessary for operation of the system being omitted. Reference numeral  16  indicates a processing order information storing device for storing processing orders of wafers in the vacuum processing system, which storing device is represented by a RAM (Random Access Memory). Data as to the processing orders of the wafers, which are inputted by an operator using the display device  13  and the input device  14  before start of operation, are stored in the processing order information storing device  16 . Reference numeral  17  indicates an operational information signal storing device for storing operational information signals indicating operable/inoperable states of the processing units  2 - 1  to  2 - 4 , which storing device is represented by a RAM. The display device  13  is used for displaying an operational state, setting the content of the operating condition, and instruction of the start/termination of operation, which display device is represented by a CRT. The input device  14  is used for inputting an operational condition, instruction for start of operation, processing condition, and action for maintenance, which input device is represented by a keyboard. Reference numeral  15  indicates a system control device for judging operation information signals indicating operable/inoperable states of the processing units  2 - 1  to  2 - 4  and for storing a processing order in which, when any one of the processing units  2 - 1  to  2 - 4  becomes inoperable during automatic operation, the operation is continued using the remaining operable processing units, which control device is represented by a ROM (Read Only Memory). Reference numeral  12  indicates a central control device for controlling the units  13  to  17 , which control device is represented by a CPU (Central Processing Unit). The processing units  2 - 1  to  2 - 4  are used for carrying out wafer processing steps, such as etching, post-treatment, film formation, sputtering, CVD, and washing. Reference numerals  19 - 1  to  19 - 4  indicate operational information signal generating device for generating operational information signals indicating operable/inoperable states of the processing units  2 - 1  to  2 - 4 . In this embodiment, the units  19 - 1  to  19 - 4  are provided in the processing units; however, they may be provided at any portions of the apparatus. The units  19 - 1  to  19 - 4  generate operational information signals by the use of:
         1) cut-off signals of power supplies for the processing units;   2) operation switching signals (for example, turn on/off of switches) for setting operable/inoperable states of the processing units; and   3) input information inputted by an operator as operational control signals indicating operable/inoperable states of the processing units.       
   Reference numerals  20  and  21  indicate communication devices for connecting the main control unit  11  to the auxiliary operation panel  22 . The auxiliary operation panel  22  includes an input device  25  and a display device  26 ; a terminal control device  24  for storing processing orders for controlling the terminal function at the auxiliary operation panel; and a central control device  23  for controlling the devices  21  and  24  to  26 , which central control device is represented by a CPU (Central Processing Unit). 
     FIG. 5  is a diagram showing operational information signals. Information indicating an operable/inoperable state of each processing unit is stored. In the example shown in  FIG. 5 , the operable state is indicated by “1” and the inoperable state is indicated by “0”. However, the operable/inoperable states may be indicated by other signal states capable of distinguishing the operable/inoperable states from each other. The information is created on the basis of a signal supplied from each of the operational information signal generating device  19 - 1  to  19 - 4 , and is stored in the operational information signal storing device  17 . 
     FIG. 6  is a diagram showing information as to the processing order. The processing order setting information is set, as one of the operating conditions, by an operator using the display device  13  and the input device  14  before start of operation. The information is stored in the processing order information storing device  17 . 
     FIG. 7  is a flow chart showing operating steps of the system. At step  30 , an operator judges before the start of operation whether or not one of the processing units  2 - 1  to  2 - 4  is inoperable because of a failure, or whether one of the processing units can not be operated for maintenance (or plasma cleaning). If the result is yes, the process goes on to step  32 , at which the operational information signals for indicating operable/inoperable states of the processing units  2 - 1  to  2 - 4  (see  FIG. 5 ) are switched using the operational information signal generating device  19 - 1  to  19 - 4 . The switching of the operational information signals is performed as follows:
         1) In the case of using a cut-off signal of the power supply of the processing unit, a solenoid switch of the processing unit is turned off. The cut-off signal thus generated is transmitted to the operational information signal storing device  17  and is stored as the information shown in FIG.  5 .   2) In the case of using an operation switching signal (for example, turn-on/off of switch) for setting the operable or inoperable state of the processing unit, the switch allocated to the processing unit is set in the operable or inoperable state. The switching signal thus determined is transmitted to the operational information signal storing device  17  and is stored as the information shown in FIG.  5 .   3) In the case of using information set by an operator as an operational control signal indicating the operable or inoperable state of the processing unit, the operator inputs the setting information allocated to the processing unit using the input device  14 .       
   The setting information (operational information signals) thus determined is transmitted to the operational information signal storing device  17  and is stored as the information shown in FIG.  5 . After the system connection state is thus determined, the process goes on to step  32  at which automatic operation is started. In addition, the processing order for wafers is set as a product processing condition as follows:
         1) The operation mode for wafers is selected to be one of parallel operation of one cassette/one recipe”, “parallel operation of two cassettes/one recipe”, “parallel operation of two cassettes/two recipes”, and “series operation of one cassette/one recipe”.   2) The carrying route of wafers is set.       

   The parallel or series processing route is set using symbols of the processing units for each cassette. Typical examples are as follows. It is to be noted that the processing routes for wafers can be variously set by the combination as described above.
         2-1) Parallel Processing:   cassette  7 - 1 : E 1 →A 1 , cassette  7 - 1 : E 2 →A 2     cassette  7 - 2 : E 1 →A 1 , cassette  7 - 2 : E 2 →A 2     E 1 : processing unit  2 - 2 , E 2 : processing unit  2 - 3     A 1 : processing unit  2 - 1 , A 2 : processing unit  2 - 4     2-1) Series Processing   cassette  7 - 1 : E 1 →E 2 →A 1     cassette  7 - 2 : E 2 →E 1 →A 2     3) The processing condition (“process recipe”) is set for each processing chamber.       

   After the product processing condition is thus set, automatic operation is started in step  34 . 
     FIG. 8  is a flow chart of automatic operation of the system. When automatic operation is started, it is judged at step  40  whether or not processing of all wafers to be processed has been carried out. If yes, the processing is terminated. If no, the process goes on to step  42 , at which it is judged whether or not automatic operation can be performed without the occurrence of an abnormal state. If yes, that is, in the case where there is no abnormal state, the process goes on to step  44  at which automatic operation is continued. If no, that is, in the case where there exists an inoperable processing unit, the process goes on to step  70  at which it is judged by an operator whether or not automatic operation can be continued without use of the inoperable processing unit. If no, that is, in the case where automatic operation cannot be continued, the process goes on to step  90  at which automatic operation of the system is stopped by the operator. If yes, that is, in the case where automatic operation can be continued, handling of a wafer remaining in the inoperable processing unit or an associated apparatus is required to be examined. Specifically, in this case, the wafer possibly remains in the inoperable processing unit, on a hand of the vacuum robot, or in the load lock chamber or unload lock chamber. To re-start automatic operation from the state that automatic operation is temporarily discontinued because an abnormal state occurs during automatic operation, the wafer remaining in the inoperable processing unit or the associated apparatus must be returned to the original cassette. The reason for this is as follows: namely, since the carrying/processing schedule for all of the wafers in the processing units is established at the time of occurrence of the abnormal state during automatic operation, the schedule will become disrupted unless the wafer remaining in the inoperable processing unit or the associated apparatus is returned to the cassette, with a result that re-start of automatic operation from the temporarily discontinued state becomes impossible. 
   As another example, automatic operation for the normal wafers may be re-started from the temporarily discontinued state while the wafer remaining in the abnormal processing unit or apparatus is not returned to the original cassette, that is, left as it is. In this case, the remaining wafer is returned to the original cassette after termination of automatic operation for the normal wafers. As a further example, the wafer information may be changed as if the remaining wafer was returned into the original cassette. For example, with the wafer remaining in the abnormal processing unit being left as it is, the wafer information is changed as if the wafer was carried to the original cassette, and automatic operation for the normal wafers (one lot) is re-started from the temporarily discontinued state. In this case, the remaining wafer is returned to the original cassette after termination of automatic operation for the normal wafers. The wafer remaining in the inoperable processing unit will be handled in accordance with the flow chart of FIG.  8 . 
   At step  72 , it is judged whether or not a wafer exists in the inoperable processing unit. If yes, the process goes on to step  73 , at which it is judged whether or not automatic operation can be continued with the wafer remaining in the inoperable processing unit being left as it is. If yes, that is, in the case where automatic operation can be continued with the remaining wafer being left as it is, the process goes on to step  77 , at which the wafer information is changed as if the remaining wafer was carried into the original cassette. If no, that is, in the case where automatic operation is not continued with the remaining wafer being left as it is, the process goes on to step  74 , at which it is judged whether or not the remaining wafer is required to be etched. If yes, that is, in the case where an abnormal state occurs midway of the etching step, the process goes on to step  76 , at which the remaining wafer is subjected to the remainder of the etching step. And, in step  78 , the remaining wafer is returned to the original cassette. Such a process is performed to help the wafer remaining in the abnormal processing unit as far as possible. If the wafer remains on a wafer hand of the vacuum robot, or in the load lock chamber or unload lock chamber, it is returned to the original cassette (step  78 ) after performing the operation necessary for the apparatus (exhaust/leak of the lock chamber, or carrying of wafer). In this way, the wafer in the inoperable processing unit, or the associated apparatus, undergoes a necessary measure and is returned to the original cassette, and then automatic operation is restarted from the temporarily discontinued state. With this handling, the tracking information of the wafer in the abnormal processing unit or apparatus (for example, vacuum robot) becomes equal to that of a wafer which has been processed along the normal route. Thus, automatic operation can be re-started. After handling the wafer remaining in the inoperable processing unit, the process goes on to step  80 , at which the operational information is switched using the operational information signal generating device in the same manner as that described in step  32  of FIG.  7 . The process goes on to step  82  at which the abnormal state generation information is re-set, thus continuing automatic operation. 
   Next, there will be described automatic operation in the normal state. In step  44 , the information stored in the processing order information storing device  16  is read out, and in step  46 , the carrying route for the next wafer is determined by comparing the information thus read out from the device  16  with the information stored in the operational information signal storing device  17 . The determined carrying route may have carrying route data for each wafer carried from the cassette, or may be referred to a processing order information table prepared separately from the processing order information storing device  16  when the wafer is carried. After the carrying route is determined, a wafer is carried out of the cassette by the atmospheric robot (step  48 ), carried into the processing unit registered in the determined carrying route (at step  50 ), and processed (step  52 ). In the case where an abnormal state occurs in the operation of carrying and processing wafers, the processing steps, which are allowed to be continued, are continued to completion, and then automatic operation is temporarily discontinued. For example, when an abnormal state occurs during etching of the N-th wafer, the etching step is continued until the etching of the N-th wafer is terminated, and then automatic operation is temporarily discontinued. Also, in the case where, during the carrying of a wafer using the vacuum robot  5 , there occurs an abnormal state in a different processing step, the vacuum robot  5  continues to carry the wafer to a specific point, and then automatic operation is temporarily discontinued. Then, abnormal state generation information (not shown) indicating the generation of an abnormal state is stored, and thereafter, the temporarily discontinued state of the system is displayed on the display device  13  with the buzzer (not shown) being actuated in order to inform an operator of the temporarily discontinued state. After that, the process is returned to step  42 , at which the processing is performed under the specific flow. 
     FIG. 9  is a view showing re-start of automatic operation after the occurrence of an abnormal state. The processing until re-start of automatic operation after an abnormal state occurs during the automatic operation described with reference to  FIG. 8  will be described. Referring to  FIG. 9A , the system is operated in the “parallel operation of one cassette/one recipe” mode and with the following carrying routes:
         cassette  7 - 1 : E 1 →A 1  and E 2 →A 2     cassette  7 - 2 : E 1 →A 1  and E 2 →A 2         
   Here, it is assumed that when the N-th wafer is subjected to etching in E 2  and the (N−1)-th wafer is subjected to post-treatment in A 1 , an abnormal state occurs in E 2  as shown in FIG.  9 B. In this case, the post-treatment of the (N−1)-th wafer in A 1 , which has been already etched, is continued to completion, and thereafter automatic operation is temporarily discontinued without carrying the (N−1)-th wafer into the unload lock chamber  4 . The N-th wafer in E 2  where the abnormal state occurs is handled as described in steps  76  and  78  of FIG.  7 . With respect to E 2  and A 2 , the operational information is switched using the operational information signal generating device as described in step  80  of FIG.  8 . Specifically, the operational information is switched in accordance with any one of the operations 1), 2) or 3) described with reference to  FIG. 7 , so that the operational information of each of the processing units  3  (E 2 ) and  4 (A 2 ) is set at “inoperable: 0” as shown in FIG.  5 . Then, the abnormal state generation information is reset (see step  80  in FIG.  8 ), to re-start automatic operation. After re-start of automatic operation, the (N−1)-th wafer in A 2  is carried into the unload lock chamber  4  as shown in FIG.  9 C. The processing is continued using E 1  and A 1  thereafter. 
   Next, with reference to the processing units  3  (E 2 ) and  4  (A 2 ) regarded as “inoperable: 0”, apparatuses in the processing units  4  (E 2 ) and  4 (A 2 ) are actuated to search for the cause of the abnormal state using the auxiliary operation panel  22 . For example, the action of the processing unit  3  (E 2 ) is confirmed by performing a wafer pushing operation (not shown). 
   Next, there will be described a procedure in which the processing units  3  (E 2 ) and  4  (A 2 ) regarded as “inoperable: 0” are returned to the processing route of wafers after the cause of the abnormal state is made clear by the above operation. Specifically, automatic operation shown in  FIG. 9C  is temporarily discontinued, and the operating state is returned to that shown in  FIG. 9A  by setting operable E 2  and A 2 , which have been separated from the processing route. 
   Thus, the wafers can be operated on in the following carrying routes:
         cassette  7 - 1 : E 1 →A 1  and E 2 →A 2     cassette  7 - 2 : E 1 →A 1  and E 2 →A 2         

     FIG. 10  is a view showing the operation of separating a processing unit from a processing route during automatic operation. Hereinafter, there will be described an operation of re-starting automatic operation after E 2  and A 2  are separated from a processing route of automatic operation described with reference to FIG.  8 . The operating route shown in  FIG. 10A  is the same as that shown in FIG.  9 A. That is, the system is operated in the “parallel operation of one cassette/one recipe” mode in Table 1 of FIG.  14  and the following carrying routes:
         cassette  7 - 1 : E 1 →A 1  and E 2 →A 2     cassette  7 - 2 : E 1 →A 1  and E 2 →A 2         
   Here, it is assumed that when the N-th wafer is subjected to etching in E 2  and the (N−1)-th wafer is subjected to post-treatment in A 1 , instructions are given to stop operation of E 2  and A 2  as shown in  FIG. 11A  by performing an operation stop action. In this case, the (N−1)-th wafer in A 1  is returned to the original cassette after termination of post-treatment; and, the N-th wafer in A 1  is carried into A 2  after termination of etching, is subjected to post-treatment in A 2 , and is returned to the original cassette after termination of post-treatment. Incidentally, since E 2  and A 2  are in the operation stop state, the (N+1)-th wafer and the wafers subsequent thereto continue to be operated on using E 1  and A 1 . 
   In the above example, E 2  and A 2  are separated from the processing route during automatic operation by issuing stop instructions through the operation stop action; however, the stop instructions can be obtained from detectors assembled in the processing units. As one example, when contaminant monitors assembled in the processing units E 2  and A 2  detect that monitored values are more than predetermined values, stop instructions similar to those described above can be given to E 2  and A 2  during automatic operation on the basis of the detected results. 
   The procedure for returning the separated processing units into the processing route is the same as that described with reference to FIG.  9 . 
     FIG. 11  is a view showing processing of a pilot cassette, in which a process interruption is generated during automatic operation and the original processing is re-started after termination of the interruption. During automatic operation described with reference to  FIG. 8 , specific processing units (E 2  and A 2  in this example) are separated from the present processing route, and the processing of a cassette (called a pilot cassette) to be processed in a processing condition different from the present processing condition is interrupted and the pilot cassette is processed using the separated units E 2  and A 2 . After termination of processing of the pilot cassette, the original automatic operation is re-started. Such a process interruption will be more clearly described below. The operating route shown in  FIG. 11A  is the same as that shown in FIG.  9 . That is, the system is operated in the “parallel operation of one cassette/one recipe” mode in Table 1 of FIG.  14  and with the following carrying route:
         cassette  7 - 1 : E 1 →A 1  and E 2 →A 2     cassette  7 - 2 : E 1 →A 1  and E 2 →A 2         
   When the N-th wafer in the cassette  7 - 1  is subjected to etching in unit E 2  and the (N−1)-th wafer in the cassette  7 - 1  is subjected to post-treatment in unit A 1 , automatic operation is discontinued for performing an emergency process interruption using units E 2  and A 2  as shown in FIG.  11 A. When stop instructions are given to units E 2  and A 2  by an operation stop action, the (N−1)-th wafer in unit A 1  is returned to the original cassette after termination of post-treatment, and the N-th wafer is carried into unit A 2  after termination of etching, is subjected to post-treatment, and is returned to the original cassette. Incidentally, since units E 2  and A 2  are in the operation stop state, the (N+1)-th wafer and the wafer subsequent thereto continue to be operated using units E 1  and A 1  (see FIG.  11 C). During operation using units E 1  and A 1 , the pilot cassette used for emergency process interruption using units E 2  and A 2  is replaced with the cassette  7 - 2 , followed by start of the process interruption (see FIG.  11 C), and the wafers which have been taken out of the cassette  7 - 1  until that time are all processed and carried into the cassette  7 - 1 . At this time, processing for the wafers in the cassette  7 - 1  using units E 1  and A 1  is temporarily discontinued, and processing of wafers in the pilot cassette  7 - 2  for emergency process interruption is started (see FIG.  11 D). The wafers in the pilot cassette  7 - 2  are sequentially processed in the order of E 2 →A 2 , and carried into the pilot cassette  7 - 2 . After termination of processing of the pilot cassette  7 - 2 , termination of the interruption and re-start of operation from the temporarily discontinued state is set, and processing of wafers from the cassette  7 - 1 , which has been discontinued, is re-started (returned to the state shown in FIG.  11 C). Next, during operation in the state shown in  FIG. 11C , automatic operation is discontinued, and then the operating state is returned to that shown in  FIG. 11A  by setting operable units E 2  and A 2 , which have been separated from the processing route. Thus, the system can be operated in the following processing routes:
         cassette  7 - 1 : E 1 →A 1  and E 2 →A 2     cassette  7 - 2 : E 1 →A 1  and E 2 →A 2         

     FIG. 12  shows air-line and power supply cutting off configurations of the vacuum processing system for the processing units. Each of the processing units  2 - 1  to  2 - 4  is provided with a manually operated opened/closed valve for cutting off an air line for driving an air operation valve for each processing gas, and a breaker for turning on/off a power supply, thereby cutting off the power supplied to a discharge power supply unit. In connection with this embodiment, there will be described a “parallel operation of one cassette/one recipe” for processing wafers using the processing units  2 - 3  and  2 - 4  simultaneously with the performing of maintenance work for exchanging an electrode in the processing unit  2 - 2 . In addition, only the configurations of those of the processing units necessary for the description are illustrated in the figure. 
   The operation of the system is performed along routes A and B (see the embodiment shown in FIG.  1 ). Here, since the processing unit  2 - 2  is undergoing maintenance work, the valve  29  for manually opening/closing the air line for driving the air operation valve of the gas line in the processing unit  2 - 2  is closed, and the breakers  27  and  28  for power supplied to the discharge power supply unit are turned off to cut off power to the processing units  2 - 2  and  2 - 1 . Thus, the system is operated as shown in FIG.  7 . Accordingly, even when an operation which allows processing gas to flow in the processing unit  2 - 2  during maintenance is erroneously performed, the processing gas does not flow because the air line for driving the air operation valve for the gas line is cut off. Even when the discharge power supply is erroneously turned on, an operator does not suffer from electric shock because the power supplied to the discharge power supply unit is cut off. In this way, even when the usual water processing is performed simultaneously with the maintenance work for the system and apparatuses by an operator standing on the system side of the apparatuses of the working system, the operator does not suffer from the processing gas flowing due to a wrong operation and/or electric shock due to turn-on of the discharge power supply. As a result, it is possible to secure the safety of the operator. 
     FIG. 13  is a flow chart of interlocking operation between the main control unit and an auxiliary operation panel, when the processing unit  2 - 2  is operated using the auxiliary operation panel  22  during operation of the system shown in  FIG. 1  by the main control unit  11 . 
   If the operation right for the processing unit  2 - 2  is shifted from the main control unit  11  to the auxiliary operation panel  22  before operation of the processing unit  2 - 2  by the auxiliary operation panel  22  (step  102 ), the main control unit  11  cannot operate the processing unit  2 - 2  until it receives the operating right (step  106 ). And, the auxiliary operation panel  22 , when it receives the operating right for the processing unit  2 - 2  (step  104 ), then can operate the processing unit  22  (step  108 ). After termination of the operation of the processing unit  2 - 2  by the auxiliary operation panel  22  (step  110 ), the operating right is shifted from the auxiliary operation panel  22  to the main operating unit  11  (step  112 ), after which the auxiliary operation panel  22  cannot operate the processing unit  2 - 2  (step  114 ). The main control unit  11 , when it receives the operating right for the processing unit  11  (step  116 ), then can operate the processing unit  11  (step  118 ). In this case, the main control unit  11  can operate all of the processing units (step  120 ). 
   As described above, information concerning a processing unit which is inoperable because of a failure or the like, or a processing unit can not be used because of repair or maintenance (including plasma cleaning), is stored in the operational information signal storing device  17 , and the system control device allows operation of the system on the basis of the information stored in the storing device  17 . As a result, a wafer is not carried in the processing unit which is set as inoperable. In the case of carrying out repair and maintenance of the inoperable processing unit and searching for the cause thereof, operations, such as plasma cleaning, gas line exhaust, lifting/lowering action of a wafer pusher for maintenance work or the like, can be performed on the side apart from the other apparatuses of the processing unit, simultaneously with automatic operation for processing wafers. In the case of performing operations for carrying out repair and maintenance and searching for the cause of the abnormal state on the side of the apparatuses of the inoperable processing unit, the above auxiliary operation panel  22  is used. Incidentally, in the usual production line, the atmospheric carrier  6  shown in  FIG. 1  is disposed on the clean room side and the transferring unit  1  and the processing units  2 - 1  to  2 - 4  are disposed on the maintenance room side, and the clean room side is partitioned from the maintenance room side by a partition. Accordingly, in some cases, one of the sides can not be sufficiently viewed from the other side. Also, the auxiliary operation panel  22 , which is connected to the main control unit  11 , is usually operated at a location spaced from the main control unit  11 . In these cases, if the system is allowed to be operated by the main control unit  11  and the auxiliary operation panel  22 , when the system is operated using the auxiliary operation panel  22  particularly on the maintenance room side, there is the possibility that an accident to the operator will occur. To prevent occurrence of such an accident, when an operation (for example, lifting/lowering action for pushing a wafer) is performed for a processing unit using the auxiliary operation panel  22 , the main control unit  11  is interlocked as shown in  FIG. 13  for preventing the operation for the processing unit from being performed by the main control unit  11 . 
   Thus, during an automatic operation for processing wafers, an operation can be carried out for performing secondary processing using a processing unit not used in the main wafer processing or of actuating the processing unit. 
   The present invention is particularly effective in the case where a processing unit is made inoperable because of a failure or the like midway in the operation; the case where automatic operation is started in a state where there exists a processing unit required to be subjected to repair or maintenance at the time of start of operation; and the case where, during an operation by operable processing units without use of a discontinued processing unit, the operation of the discontinued processing unit is re-started. Specifically, according to the vacuum processing system of the present invention, including a plurality of wafer processing units and a wafer transferring unit, even when any one of the processing units becomes inoperable because of a failure, the operation can be continued; and even when a processing unit requires repair or maintenance upon start of operation, operation can be performed using operable processing units. This makes it possible to increase the working efficiency. According to the vacuum processing system, moreover, in the case where the recovery of an abnormal processing unit or periodic maintenance work is performed on the side of apparatuses of the processing unit simultaneously with the usual operation of normally processing wafers, an operator will not suffer from a processing gas flowing due to an improper operation and/or an electric shock due to erroneous turn-on of a discharging power supply. This makes it possible to secure the safety of the operator.