Abstract:
A remote diagnostic system is structured as follows for selectively controlling a communication method considering the difference in environment of terminals connected to a computer. The remote diagnostic system is constituted of a computer having means for enabling transmission and reception of data, and a plurality of terminals each having means for enabling transmission and reception of data. In the remote diagnostic system, the computer diagnoses respective devices controlled on the basis of respective terminals by making periodical communication with the plurality of terminals. The plurality of terminals include a first group of at least one terminal receiving from the computer a signal for starting transmission and reception of data and a second group of at least one terminal transmitting to the computer the signal for starting transmission and reception of data.

Description:
This application is based on application No. 10-133585 filed in Japan, the contents of which is hereby incorporated by reference. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The present invention relates to a remote diagnostic system constituted of a computer having means for enabling communication of data, and a plurality of terminals having means for enabling communication of data, for making a remote diagnosis for each device by periodically communicating the state of the device using the computer. 
     2. Description of the Related Art 
     A conventionally known remote diagnostic system periodically makes communication between a terminal connected to a device and a remote diagnostic unit to make a remote diagnosis for the device periodically. In general, the public telephone line is utilized for communication between the terminal and the remote diagnostic unit. The following two methods have been devised for connecting the terminal with the public telephone line. 
     (1) Allocating a dedicated line to the terminal: 
     An advantage of this method is in that the starting time of communication and the communication period are not limited since the terminal is connected with the dedicated line, while a disadvantage thereof is the cost of the work required for installing the dedicated line. 
     (2) Allocating an existing line to the terminal: 
     The terminal is connected as a branch machine to a base machine connected to the existing line. According to this method, the necessary work is just interconnection between the base machine and the terminal. Therefore, this method is advantageously inexpensive since the work for installing the dedicated line is unnecessary. However, a problem arises when the remote diagnostic unit attempts to apply a trigger to the terminal for starting communication. If the base machine is a telephone set, for example, the trigger causes the telephone set to ring (corresponding to call) and the user may take up its handset. As a result, communication between the remote diagnostic unit and the terminal cannot be started. Accordingly, a disadvantage of this method is in that only the terminal (branch machine) can apply the trigger for starting communication. 
     Two methods listed below have been devised for applying a trigger to start communication between the remote diagnostic unit and the terminal. 
     (1) Applying a trigger by the remote diagnostic unit: 
     If there are a plurality of terminals that should communicate with the remote diagnostic unit, this method allows the remote diagnostic unit to make a schedule. For example, if any device connected to one of the terminals fails, an emergency communication from the terminal interrupts in the remote diagnostic unit. An advantage of this method in this case is in that the schedule can easily be arranged again. However, if the terminal is connected to the base machine as a branch machine, the call for communication is inconveniently supplied not only to the branch machine but to the base machine. Further, if the terminal is busy, communication is impossible and the second call have to be made. The busy state of the terminal refers to the state in which the terminal is a copying machine and the copying machine is in use for making copies, for example. 
     (2) Applying a trigger by the terminal: 
     An advantage of this method is in that communication is possible without affecting a base machine when the terminal is connected as a branch machine to the base machine. A further advantage is in that when the terminal is busy at a communication time which is preliminary allocated to the terminal, or when the base machine uses the line at that time, communication can be started after the terminal temporarily ends the busy state or after detection of termination of the communication by the base machine. However, in order to make communication with the remote diagnostic unit, the starting time of the communication should be allocated to each terminal and the time should be input for storing the allocated time in each terminal, requiring the user operating the terminal to perform a troublesome work. In addition, the terminal cannot make communication with the remote diagnostic unit when an emergency communication from another terminal interrupts in the remote diagnostic unit, and the need of redialing occurs. 
     The conventional system employs the public telephone line, so that the user needs to interconnect a telephone switching unit with the terminal, leading to an additional cost. Depending on the length of the interconnection, the range in which the terminal can be located is fixed to considerably limit the location of the terminal when the arrangement of office furniture is to be changed. In some cases, the interconnection must be made again for moving the terminal. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention has been made for solving the problems above. One object of the present invention is to provide a remote diagnostic system capable of selecting a method of communication considering the difference in environment of terminals connected to a computer. 
     Another object of the invention is to provide a remote diagnostic system capable of preventing an inconvenience of occurrence of a call to a base machine when a terminal is a branch machine of the base machine, and accordingly reducing the rate of occurrence of redialing to achieve timely communication of information. 
     Further object of the invention is to provide a remote diagnostic system which does not require interconnection between a telephone switching unit and a terminal and thus provides a wide freedom of location of the terminal. 
     In order to achieve the above objects, according to one aspect of the invention, a remote diagnostic system includes a computer having means for enabling transmission and reception of data, and a plurality of terminals each having means for enabling transmission and reception of data. In the remote diagnostic system, the computer diagnoses respective devices connected to respective terminals by transmitting and receiving data to and from the plurality of the terminals at a prescribed time interval. 
     The plurality of terminals include a first group of at least one terminal which receives from the computer a start signal for starting transmission and reception of data, and a second group of at least one terminal which transmits to the computer the start signal for starting transmission and reception of data. 
     According to another aspect of the invention, a terminal is connected to a device and transmits a state of the device to a computer by transmitting and receiving data to and from the computer. The terminal includes communication means for transmitting and receiving data to and from the computer, clock means for measuring time, and means for setting a prescribed time. The communication means transmits a start signal to the computer for starting transmission and reception of data when the measurement of the clock means indicates the set prescribed time. The prescribed time is included in the data transmitted from the computer. 
     According to a further aspect of the invention, a computer diagnoses devices connected respectively to a plurality of terminals by transmitting and receiving data to and from the plurality of terminals. The computer includes communication means for transmitting and receiving data to and from the terminals, clock means for measuring time, means for setting a first time and a second time, first communication starting means for transmitting to the terminals a start signal for enabling the communication means when the measurement of the clock means indicates the first time, second communication starting means for enabling the communication means when the second communication means receives from the terminals a start signal for starting transmission and reception of data, and time transmitting means for transmitting the second time to the terminals when the communication means is enabled by the second communication starting means. 
     The invention above is thus effective in that it is possible to select a communication method considering difference in environment of the terminals connected to the computer. The invention is further effective in that it is possible to prevent an inconvenience of occurrence of a call to a base machine when a terminal is a branch machine of the base machine and accordingly reduce the rate of occurrence of redialing, and consequently, the information can timely be transmitted and received. In addition, the invention is effective in that interconnection between a telephone switching unit and a terminal is unnecessary owing to use of radio, and thus a wide freedom of location of the terminal is achieved. 
     The foregoing and other objects, features, aspects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of the present invention when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 illustrates a structure of a remote diagnostic system according to one embodiment of the present invention. 
     FIG. 2 is a partial block diagram showing a circuit structure of the system. 
     FIG. 3 illustrates an operation switch of a data terminal. 
     FIG. 4 illustrates an operation panel. 
     FIG. 5 illustrates codes transmitted from a copying machine to the data terminal of the remote diagnostic system. 
     FIG. 6 is a flow chart showing a main routine of a process performed in a CPU of the copying machine of the remote diagnostic system. 
     FIG. 7 is a flow chart showing a process performed in a CPU of the data terminal. 
     FIG. 8 is a flow chart showing a process performed in the data terminal for transmitting and receiving data by request from a central equipment. 
     FIG. 9 is a flow chart showing a process in step S 1200  of FIG.  8 . 
     FIG. 10 is a flow chart showing an initial setting process in step S 11  of the flow chart in FIG.  7 . 
     FIG. 11 is a flow chart showing an element data reception and data processing in step S 19  of the flow chart in FIG.  7 . 
     FIG. 12 is a flow chart showing a trouble transmission determining process in step S 21  of the flow chart in FIG.  7 . 
     FIG. 13 is a flow chart partially showing a warning transmission determining process in step S 25  of the flow chart in FIG.  7 . 
     FIG. 14 is a flow chart showing a PM transmission determining process in step S 29  of the flow chart in FIG.  7 . 
     FIG. 15 is a flow chart showing a line communication process in step S 31  of the flow chart in FIG.  7 . 
     FIG. 16 is a flow chart showing a redial time process of the flow chart in FIG.  15 . 
     FIG. 17 is a flow chart showing a process performed in a CPU of the central equipment of the remote diagnostic system. 
     FIG. 18 is a flow chart showing an interruption process performed in the CPU of the central equipment of the remote diagnostic system. 
     FIG. 19 is a flow chart showing a process in step S 91  of the flow chart in FIG.  18 . 
     FIG. 20 is a flow chart showing a process in step S 95  of the flow chart in FIG.  17 . 
     FIGS. 21A and 21B illustrate time ranges where transmission is allowed and inhibited based on the priority. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     A copying machine control system according to one embodiment of the invention is hereinafter described with reference to the drawings. 
     Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, the copying machine control system is constituted of a number of user equipments (only two types of the user equipments are shown in this embodiment), a central equipment (corresponding to a remote diagnostic unit) functioning as a controller, and a telephone line network and a radio communication network that connect these equipments. 
     The first user equipment includes a copying machine  4 , a data terminal  1 , a modem  52  functioning as a communication terminal device, and a telephone set  53  functioning as an ordinarily calling device. The second user equipment includes a copying machine  5 , a data terminal  101 , and a modem  152  functioning as a radio terminal device. 
     The central equipment includes a modem  72  functioning as a communication terminal device, a modem  172  functioning as a radio terminal device, a computer  90 , a display  92 , a keyboard  93 , a printer  94 , and a telephone set  73  functioning as an ordinary calling device. 
     Data terminals  1  and  101  take in information on various matters of copying machines  4  and  5 , applies a prescribed process to the information and transmits resultant data to computer  90  of the central equipment corresponding to the remote diagnostic unit. Computer  90  of the central equipment generates data used for controlling the copying machines based on the transmitted data, and appropriately takes a necessary procedure accordingly. Specifically, the computer conducts various diagnoses on copying machine  4  based on data transmitted from data terminal  1  via a telephone line. In particular, based on, for example, the state of the copying machine and cause of failure, data used for controlling the copying machine, specifically procedures for dealing with the failure and a certainty factor are produced. The computer also conducts various diagnoses on copying machine  5  as does on copying machine  4  based on data transmitted from data terminal  101  via radio. 
     Each component of the user equipment and the central equipment is next described. 
     Copying machine  4  reads an image of an original document and forms a copied image on a sheet of paper. 
     Copying machine  5  has an internal structure which is identical to that of copying machine  4 , therefore, only copying machine  4  is described below. The specific internal structure of the copying machine is generally a well-known art, and a detailed description thereof is omitted here. Only the essential matters and components are herein described. 
     A CPU  41  of copying machine  4  measures the value of each of counters, and transmits the measurement to a CPU  11  of data terminal  1  via a serial I/F  42  and a serial I/F  12 . 
     The counters are classified into (1) counters used for charging the cost of copy, and (2) counters used for the purpose of maintenance. The counters are respectively listed below. (1) Counters used for charging the cost of copy calculated by the central equipment includes (i) a total counter indicating the number of sheet discharging operations, and (ii) counters for respective sheet sizes adapted for indicating respective numbers of sheets of different sizes that are used. (2) Counters used for the purpose of maintenance includes (i) a jam counter indicating the number of jams occurred at each location, (ii) a trouble counter indicating the number of troubles occurred at each location, and (iii) a PM counter counting the number of times each part is used, and the count value is used as the basis for a periodic maintenance operation. 
     In copying machine  4 , various kinds of element data affecting the process for forming an image are detected by a group of various sensors placed at various locations in the machine. The detected element data are taken and processed by CPU  41 , and CPU  41  thereafter transmits the processed element data to CPU  11  of data terminal  1  via serial I/F  42  and serial I/F  12 . The element data relates to, for example, the time required for transporting a sheet, a surface potential of a photoreceptor drum, a toner concentration in a developer, an amount of exposure of the photoreceptor drum, a developing bias voltage, an amount of toner sticking on the photoreceptor drum, a grid voltage of a corona charger, and the like. The various kinds of element data are expressed in an abstract manner, as element data X i  (i represents the number of items of the element data) in the description of flow charts described below. 
     Copying machine  4  performs prescribed operations or mode settings in response to signals from various kinds of key switches on an operation panel (FIG. 4) (a print key  46  for commanding start of a copying operation, ten-key  47  for numerical input, a clear key  48  for commanding clearing of input data, and the like), and from various kinds of switches except for those on the operation panel (a trouble reset switch  49  for commanding reset of troubles, for example). Copying machine  4  also transmits corresponding signals as necessary to CPU  11  of data terminal  1  via serial I/F  42  and serial I/F  12 . The transmitted signals include numerical data shown on a display  45 . 
     Description on data terminals  1  and  101  is given below. 
     As the relation between data terminal  1  and copying machine  4  and the relation between data terminal  101  and copying machine  5  are similar to each other, only the former relation is herein described. 
     Data terminal  1  receives data from copying machine  4  via serial I/F  42  and serial I/F  12 . Data terminal  1  connects a communication line to the central equipment by activating modems  52  and  152  when a prescribed transmission condition described below (corresponding to a condition on which a transmission flag is set to 1) is satisfied, and transmits data for controlling the copying machine (corresponding to the element data and the count data described above) to a CPU  91  of the central equipment. 
     To CPU  11  of data terminal  1 , an ROM  14  which stores a control program, a nonvolatile memory  16  for storing data on the telephone number of the central equipment or the like, a work system RAM  15  with battery backup, and a clock IC  17  with battery backup are connected. 
     CPU  11  receives data from CPU  41  of copying machines  4  via serial I/F  42  and serial I/F  12 , and performs a prescribed process. CPU  11  further performs prescribed operations/mode settings in response to signals supplied by operating various operation switches (a push switch  21 , four DIP switches DIP.SW 1 -DIP.SW 4 ) illustrated in FIG.  3 . 
     DIP switch DIP.SW 1  is used for setting an input mode of the telephone number of the central equipment, DIP switch DIP.SW 2  is used for setting an input mode of an ID number (DTID) for identifying data terminal  1 , DIP switch DIP.SW 3  is used for setting an input mode of a number (central ID) for identifying the central equipment, and DIP switch DIP.SW 4  is used for setting an initialization setting mode. Push switch  21  is used for commanding execution of an initialization setting transmission process (see S 145  of FIG.  10 ). 
     FIG. 5 illustrates a configuration of 8-bit data b 7 -b 0  supplied from serial I/F  12  to data terminal  1 . A sheet discharge code indicating discharging of sheets is represented by a falling edge of bit b 0  (transition from 1 to 0). A jam code indicating occurrence of paper jam is represented by bit b 7 =1 and b 6 =0. A trouble code indicating occurrence of various troubles is represented by bit b 7 =1 and bit b 6 =1. The 8-bit data is periodically supplied to data terminal  1 . The data is promptly supplied if paper jam or trouble occurs in copying machine  4 . 
     CPU  11  of data terminal  1  attached to copying machine  4  is connected to modem  52  functioning as a communication terminal device via a communication interface (RS232C I/F)  18  of CPU  11  and a communication interface (RS232C I/F)  51  of modem  52 . Specifically, CPU  11  allows modem  52  to transmit an on-hook signal and a central equipment selection number signal to a communication line. Accordingly, modem  52  for data terminal  1  and modem  72  for the central equipment are connected by the communication line to make communication between data terminal  1  and computer  90  of the central equipment. A CPU  111  of data terminal  101  attached to copying machine  5  is connected to modem  152  functioning as a radio terminal device via a communication interface (RS232C I/F)  118  of CPU  111  and a communication interface (RS232C I/F)  151  of modem  152 . Specifically, CPU  111  connects radio communication modem  152  for data terminal  101  and radio communication modem  172  of the central equipment with radio communication network to make communication between data terminal  101  and central computer  90 . 
     Contents of data transmitted from data terminals  1  and  101  to the central equipment via the communication line or radio (data for controlling copying machines  4  and  5 ) are determined by the type of the transmission flag which is set to 1 as described below. 
     The central equipment is next described. 
     The central equipment corresponds to a computer unit structured such that it can be connected with a number of data terminals via a communication line network including radio communication network. The computer unit implements a centralized control over a number of copying machines connected to respective data terminals. CPU  91  has a function of controlling communication interfaces of two systems (RS232 I/F  98  and  198 ). 
     In the first system of the two systems, data (the element data, the count data and the like described above) are successively supplied from a number of data terminals  1  to CPU  91  via the communication line network, modem  72 , a communication I/F (RS232 I/F)  71  for modem  72 , and communication I/F (RS232 I/F)  98  for the computer. CPU  91  generates control data indicating the state of copying machine  4  connected to data terminal  1  based on the supplied data. CPU  91  transmits data to data terminal  1  when it has received data supplied from data terminal  1 . 
     In the second system, CPU  91  makes transmission requests successively to CPU  111  via RS232 I/F  198 , a communication I/F (RS232 I/F)  171  for modem  172 , and modem  172  for radio communication line. In response to the transmission requests, CPU  111  transmits data (the element data, the count data and the like) to CPU  91  via modem  152  for radio communication. CPU  91  produces control data indicating the state of copying machine  5  connected to data terminal  101  based on the transmitted data. CPU  91  also allows a bill to be printed based on the control data. CPU  91  further determines whether or not a service person should be dispatched, and selects any parts that should be prepared and carried by the service person. Details of these control operations are described below using the flow charts. 
     An operation control of this system is next described using the flow chart in FIG.  6 . Copying machines  4  and  5  perform similar processes, and accordingly only copying machine  4  is described in this embodiment. 
     Prior to the description, the terms of “on-edge” and “off-edge” are defined. “On-edge” is defined as transition of the states of switches, sensors, signals, and the like from an off state to an on state, and “off-edge” is defined as transition of the states from the on state to the off state. 
     CPU  41  starts processing upon turn-on of a power source to make initialization setting such as memory clear, standard mode setting and the like (step S 41 ). Steps S 43 , S 45  and S 47  are successively performed in which an input is accepted, determination is made as to whether a copying operation is in progress or not, and a copy control process is performed respectively. In step S 43 , various input signals are accepted. The input signals refer to, for example, signals supplied from the group of key switches on operation panel  40  of the copying machine (ten-key  47  for numerical input, print key  46  for commanding start of copying operation, clear key  48  for commanding clearing of the number of sheets to be printed, and the like), signals from the group of switches such as trouble reset switch  49  and the like, and input signals from the group of sensors located at various locations within the copying machine. In step S 47 , those processes necessary for the copying operation or the like are performed. The necessary processes for the copying operation or the like refer to control for supplying sheets, operation control, control of the photoreceptor drum, and control of various operating parts such as control of the developing unit. 
     When any trouble such as improper transportation of sheets (jam), and improper control of machines or improper operation of the machine occurs (YES in step S 49 ), a signal corresponding to the occurred trouble is transmitted to CPU  11  (step S 51 ). When an operator or the like operates trouble reset switch  49  (YES in step S 53 ), a trouble reset signal is transmitted to CPU  11  (S 55 ). 
     A process performed in CPU  11  of data terminal  1  is next described with reference to the flow charts shown in FIGS. 7 to  14 . 
     The outline of the processes will be described based on the main routine of FIG.  7 . 
     CPU  11  starts processing upon turn-on of the power source. When data terminal  1  is set in an initialization setting mode (YES in step S 11 ), a process for initialization setting (step S 13 ) is performed. A copy permission signal is then supplied to CPU  41  of the copying machine (step S 15 ). When the initialization setting mode is not set (NO in step S 11 ), the copy permission signal is immediately supplied (S 15 ), and thereafter processes in steps S 17  to S 35  are repeatedly carried out. 
     The initialization setting in step S 13  is carried out when data terminal  1  is set in the initialization setting mode (YES in step S 11 ) at the start of a process performed by data terminal  1 . The initialization setting mode refers to the state in which dip switch DIP.SW 4  is in ON state. In the initialization setting process, the telephone number of the central equipment, the number of the data terminal (DTID), and the number of the central equipment (central ID) are set and the set numbers are transmitted to the central equipment. 
     After the copy permission signal is transmitted in step S 15 , a count data receiving process is performed in step S 17 . The count data receiving process refers to a process of receiving various data concerning the state of the copying machine supplied from CPU  41 . The contents of the various data include the sheet discharge code, jam.trouble code, jam.trouble count value, count values for respective sheet sizes, PM count value, and element data value. CPU  11  always holds the latest values of these data. 
     Next, in step S 19 , the element data are received and data processing is performed. The data processing refers to a process of calculating an average value and a standard deviation of the element data to update the values to the latest values. 
     Next in step S 21 , a trouble transmission determining process is performed. In this process, whether or not the trouble data and trouble recovery data should be transmitted to the central equipment is determined as will be described below. 
     A fixed time transmission determining processes is next performed in step S 23 . In step S 23 , a fixed time transmission flag is set to 1 at a prescribed time (fixed transmission time). Accordingly, the total count value used for calculating the cost of copying to be charged as well as the count values for respective sheet sizes are supplied to the central equipment. Simultaneously, various element data are supplied to the central equipment. After the total count value, the count values for respective sheet sizes, and various element data are transmitted, the central equipment transmits in return data on the time and date at which the next transmission is made, the present time data, and data on the time limit for sending a bill. 
     Next, in step S 25 , a warning transmission determining process is performed. In step S 25 , the element data, the count value of the jam counter, and the count value of the PM counter are compared respectively with prescribed threshold values. Based on the result of the comparison, whether or not warning data or warning cancellation data should be transmitted to the central equipment is determined. 
     In step S 27 , a manual transmission determining process is performed. If push switch  21  is pressed when the initialization setting mode is not set, a manual transmission flag is set to 1. Accordingly, the manual transmission determining process is executed when the manual transmission flag is set to 1 to transmit various data concerning the state of the copying machine to the central equipment. 
     Next in step S 29 , a PM transmission determining process is performed. In step S 29  described below, the count value of the PM counter is cleared to 0 by replacement of parts. The PM transmission determining process is carried out for transmitting, the count value before the PM counter is cleared, to the central equipment. 
     In step S 31 , a line communication process is conducted. As described below, when any one of the fixed time transmission flag and the manual transmission flag is set to 1, modem  52  is activated. A process for connecting a communication line to the central equipment is then performed. After the communication line is connected, data communication with CPU  91  of the central equipment is performed. 
     Next in step S 33 , a count up operation in the counter is executed every time one minute has passed. Upon the count up operation in the counter (YES in step S 33 ), step S 35  is performed. In step S 35 , 1 is added to a counter CT, and a remainder obtained by dividing the resultant value by 7 is substituted for the counter CT. Description concerning the counter CT is given in the section related to a redial time process (FIG.  16 ). 
     Referring to FIGS. 8 and 9, the flow charts show a case in which data are transmitted and received by a request from CPU  91  of the central equipment to data terminal  1 . Although both of CPU  11  and CPU  111  are controlled according to a common program, the following description is given concerning an interruption process executed in CPU  111  when a request from the central equipment is made to data terminal  101  connected by the radio communication line. 
     CPU  111  receives data transmitted from CPU  91  following an interruption process, and applies a prescribed process to the supplied data (S 1200 ). First, when an interruption by CPU  91  occurs, CPU  111  receives a central ID and transmission data (S 1201 ). When a communication error occurs (YES in S 1203 ), retransmission of the central ID and the transmission data is requested to the central equipment on a condition that the number of errors is equal to or less than a prescribed number (YES in S 1213 ). If the number of errors exceeds the prescribed number (NO in S 1213 ), the line is disconnected (S 1209 ). 
     When reception of data from the central equipment and transmission of the requested data from CPU  111  are completed and thus the communication is normally completed, the line is disconnected (S 1209 ). 
     Subroutines of the main routine shown in FIG. 7 are hereinafter described referring to FIGS. 10-16. 
     FIG. 10 shows a subroutine of the initialization setting. The initialization setting process is conducted when dip switch DIP.SW 4  is ON (YES in step S 11 ) with the power source turned on. In the initialization setting process, after initialization setting of a selection number (telephone number) of the central equipment, an ID number (DTID) of the data terminal, and an ID number (central ID) of the central equipment are received, the initialization setting is transmitted in order to supply initialized data. 
     Memory  15  is first initialized (step S 101 ). The ON operation of dip switch DIP.SW 1 -dip switch DIP.SW 3  is set on the standby state. When dip switch DIP.SW 1  is ON (YES in step S 111 ), an input mode of the central selection number (telephone number) is ready. The selection number of the central equipment is input by ten-key  47  of the copying machine. The input numbers is indicated as the first digit of display  45  and stored in nonvolatile memory  46  as the selection number of the central equipment when print key  46  is pressed (YES in step S 113 ). The selection number input mode is canceled when dip switch DIP.SW 1  is turned off (step S 117 ). 
     When dip switch DIP.SW 2  is ON (YES in step S 121 ), an input mode of DTID is ready. DTID is input by ten-key  47  of the copying machine. The input number is indicated as the first digit of display  45 , and stored in nonvolatile memory  16  as DTID data (step S 125 ) when print key  46  is pressed (YES in step S 123 ). The DTID input mode is cancelled by turning off dip switch DIP.SW 2  (S 127 ). 
     When dip switch DIP.SW 3  is ON (YES in step S 121 ), an input mode of the central ID is ready. The central ID is input by ten-key  47 . The input number is indicated as the first digit of display  45 , and stored in nonvolatile memory  16  as the central ID data (S 135 ) when print key  46  is pressed (YES in S 133 ). The central ID input mode is canceled by turning off dip switch DIP.SW 3  (step S 137 ). 
     When the setting of those three types of data is completed (YES in step S 141 ), push switch  21  is made valid. Pressing of push switch  21  (YES in step S 143 ) causes transmission of initial setting to the central equipment (step S 145 ). 
     Specifically, data terminal  1  transmits the two types of ID data to CPU  91  of the central equipment after line connection with central equipment is established. Upon completion of the transmission, data from CPU  91  of the central equipment (the time limit of count data, the next fixed transmission time, present time, threshold value of warning determination) are received. 
     When the transmission and reception is completed, whether or not the communication is normally performed is determined (step S 147 ). If it is determined that communication is not normally performed (NO in step S 147 ), step S 11  is performed again to enter the standby state until push switch  21  is turned on again. If communication is normally conducted (YES in step S 147 ), the process returns to the main routine to execute the process steps starting from step S 15 . 
     Referring to FIG. 11, the element data reception and data processing are described. 
     Based on element data supplied from the copying machine, data used for comparison with a threshold value (determination of warning transmission, see FIG. 3) is calculated. 
     A group of element data X i,j  transmitted from the copying machine every time a copy sheet is discharged from the copying machine is taken by serial I/F  13  (step S 201 ). Here, the subscript i represents an item number of the element data, and the subscript j represents the order in each item. After substitution of an initial value 1 for the item number i (step S 203 ), the maximum value X iMAX , the minimum value X iMIN  and a sum X ik  for each item are successively updated (steps S 205 -S 217 ). The subscript j is thereafter incremented (step S 219 ), and the process returns to the main routine if j is equal to or less than 4. 
     When the processes of steps S 201 -S 217  are carried out four times respectively (YES in step S 221 ), the subscript j is reset (step S 223 ), an initial value is substituted for the item number i (step S 225 ). A difference R ik  between the maximum value X iMAX  and the minimum value X iMIN  and an average value X ik  of four pieces of data are calculated for each item (steps S 227 -S 233 ). In step S 229 , initial values are given to the maximum value X iMAX  and the minimum value X iMIN  in preparation for the processes in steps S 205 -S 211  that are carried out next. 
     After the processes in the steps S 227 -S 233 , the processes in the steps S 237 -S 245  or in the steps S 247 -S 263  are carried out. 
     The steps S 237 -S 245  are carried out when the total number of the processes of steps S 227 -S 233  does not reach thirty three. In those steps, a sum R iSUM  of the differences R ik  between the maximum and minimum values and a sum X iSUM  of the average values X ik  of the four pieces of data are calculated for each item according to data obtained by the thirty two processes. 
     The steps S 247 -S 263  are carried out when the total number of the processes in steps S 227 -S 233  is thirty three or more. For each item, the sum R iSUM  of the differences R ik  and the sum X iSUM  of the average values X ik  are calculated according to data obtained by the latest thirty two processes, and respective average values {overscore (X)} i  and {overscore (R)} i  are calculated. 
     Accordingly, an average value {overscore (X)} i  of the latest 128 (=4×32) data and an average value of deviations (a value corresponding to the standard deviation) {overscore (R)} i  are obtained for each item of the element data. 
     Referring next to FIG. 12, the trouble transmission determination process is described. 
     In this process, a trouble transmission (emergency transmission) and a trouble recovery transmission (emergency recovery transmission) are carried out. 
     For example, in the condition of a trouble flag which is 0 (YES in step S 301 ), when on-edge of trouble code b 6  from the copying machine is detected (YES in step S 303 ), the trouble flag and an emergency transmission flag are respectively set to 1 (step S 305 ). 
     When the trouble flag is 1 (NO in step S 301 ), if off-edge of sheet discharge code b 0  from the copying machine is detected (YES in step S 307 ), the trouble flag is reset to 0 and a trouble recovery transmission flag is set to 1 (step S 309 ). This is because discharging of a sheet from the copying machine is considered to indicate recovery from the trouble. 
     When the trouble transmission flag or the trouble recovery transmission flag is set to 1, a line communication process (see FIG. 15) described below is conducted to transmit trouble data or trouble recovery data to CPU  91  of the central equipment. 
     Referring next to FIG. 13, the warning transmission determination process is described. 
     In this process, warning transmission and warning cancel transmission are controlled. 
     Steps S 401 - 427  are performed for transmitting warning when the value of the element data is out of a particular allowable range or for transmitting warning cancel when the value of the element data returns into the allowable range. 
     First, an initial value “1” is set in the item number i indicating the type of the element data (step S 401 ). Next in step S 411 , a warning flag concerning element data designated by the item number i (at the first time, the first element data) is determined. If the warning flag concerning the element data is 0 (YES in step S 411 ), determination is made as to whether the value of the element data is within the allowable range specific to the element data, in other words, whether the value of the element data is in the range not more than an upper limit threshold value iU and not less than a lower limit threshold value iL. If the value of the element data is out of the allowable range (YES in step S 413  or YES in step S 415 ), warning flag Fi and warning transmission flag F concerning the element data are set to 1 (step S 417 ). Accordingly, the line communication process (FIG. 15) is performed to transmit warning data to the central equipment. 
     If the warning flag of the element data designated by the item number i is 1 (NO in step S 411 ), whether or not the value of the element data falls again in the allowable range is determined. If the value of the element data is within the allowable range (YES in S 421  and YES in S 423 ), warning flag Fi concerning the element data is reset to 0 and warning cancel transmission flag F is set to 1 (step S 425 ). Accordingly, the line communication process (FIG. 15) is performed to transmit the warning cancel data to the central equipment. 
     After those processes are conducted for all element data (YES in step S 427 ), the processes starting from step S 431  are performed. 
     In steps S 431 -S 445 , warning transmission is done when the count values of the jam counter and the PM counter exceed specific threshold values, and warning cancel transmission is done when the count values equal to a less than the threshold values. 
     First, an initial value i (the value of the last item number of element data +1) is set in item number m indicating the type (jam counter or PM counter) (step S 431 ). 
     Next in step S 433 , a warning flag concerning the jam counter or the PM counter designated by the item number m is determined. If the warning flag concerning the jam counter or the PM counter is 0 (YES in step S 433 ), determination is made as to whether the count value is within an allowable range specific to the counter, in other words, whether or not the count value exceeds a threshold value m. If it exceeds the threshold value (YES in step S 435 ), warning flag Fm and warning transmission flag F relating to the counter are set to 1 (step S 437 ). In response, the line communication process (FIG. 15) is conducted to transmit warning data to CPU  91  of the central equipment. 
     In step S 433  described above, if the warning flag concerning the jam counter or the PM counter designated by the item number m is 1 (NO in step S 433 ), determination is made as to if the count value is equal or less than the threshold value. If the count value is equal to or less than the threshold value (YES in step S 441 ), warning flag Fm concerning the counter is reset to 0 and the warning cancel transmission flag F is set to 1. In response, the line communication process (FIG. 15) is conducted to transmit warning cancel data to CPU  91  of the central equipment. 
     After those processes are performed for all jam counters and PM counters (YES in step S 445 ), the process returns to the main routine. 
     Accordingly, warning transmission and warning cancel transmission are controlled. 
     Referring to FIG. 14, the PM transmission determination process is described. 
     First, an item number i indicating the type of the PM counter is set to an initial value “1” (step S 501 ). Next the processes in steps S 503 -S 511  are carried out and the value of i is incremented (step S 513 ), and accordingly those processes are repeated. Specifically, those processes are repeated changing the type of the PM counter. 
     In the processes of steps S 503 -S 511 , when the PM counter is cleared (YES in step S 505  and YES in step S 507 ), a count value immediately before clearing of the PM counter is retained (step S 509 ), and a PM transmission flag is set to 1 (step S 511 ). The clearing of the PM counter is done by a service person when the parts corresponding to the PM counter are replaced. 
     After the PM transmission flag is set to 1 (step S 511 ), the line communication process (FIG. 15) is performed to transmit PM data (the type of replaced parts and the count value immediately before the replacement) to the central equipment. 
     Referring to FIG. 15, the line communication process is described. 
     In this process, when any transmission flag is 1, the central equipment is called. After the communication line is connected, data corresponding to the transmission flag is sent. Further, data communication with CPU  91  of the central equipment is conducted. 
     When any transmission flag is set to 1 (YES in step S 601 ), on the conditions that it is not in a redial standby state (NO in step S 603 ), the communication line is not connected to modem  72  of the central equipment (NO in step S 605 ), and it is not in the standby state after calling of modem  72  of the central equipment is requested to modem  52  (NO in step S 607 ), modem  52  is commanded to call modem  72  of the central equipment (S 609 ). 
     As a result of the process in step S 609 , if a telephone set provided in conjunction with the communication line is in use and calling of modem  72  of the central equipment is impossible (YES in step S 611 ), a redial time is set as the time after a prescribed time period (step S 613 ). Accordingly, the determination made in step S 603  is “YES” by the redial time. In other words, the process in step S 609  is not performed. At the redial time, modem  52  is commanded to call modem  72  of the central equipment again (step S 609 ). 
     In response to the process in step S 609 , a selection signal of the central equipment is transmitted to the telephone line network from modem  52 . At this time, if it is determined that modem  72  of the central equipment is in use (including the case in which there is no response from CPU  91  even if connection with modem  72  is established) (YES in step S 615 ), step S 617  is next carried out. If not (NO in step S 615 ), step S 613  is performed in which the redial time is set as described above and the process in step S 609  is executed again at the set redial time. The redial time process in step S 617  will be described later. 
     In response to the process in step S 609 , the selection signal of the central equipment is transferred over the communication line network from modem  52 . When the communication line is connected with modem  72  of the central equipment (YES in step S 605 ), data corresponding to the transmission flag which is set to 1 is transmitted to the central equipment (step S 625 ) after waiting for the ready state of modem  52  (YES in step S 621 ). 
     When there is no data to be transmitted to the central equipment (NO in step S 623 ), data transmitted from the central equipment is received (step S 625 ). 
     Examples of data supplied from the central equipment are, an instruction for changing the setting conditions of the copying machine (setting change instruction), an instruction requiring operation of the copying machine (operation instruction), or the present time, the following fixed transmission time and date, the following time limit transmission time and date, and the like. If a communication error occurs, retransmission instruction of data is received. 
     After all data are transmitted (YES in step S 623 ), the transmission flag F is reset to 0 (step S 627 ), and the communication line connected with modem  72  of the central equipment is disconnected (step S 629 ). 
     Accordingly, the line communication process is completed to transmit data to the central equipment and receive data from the central equipment as required. 
     Referring to FIG. 16, the redial time process is described. 
     In this process, re-calling (redialing) time is set when the data terminal cannot be connected to the central equipment due to any condition of the central equipment. 
     First, a counter for counting the number of times redialing is done (redial counter) counts up (step S 651 ). After connection with the central equipment is established, the counter is cleared. 
     Next, determination is made as to whether the present calling is a calling in an emergency mode (trouble transmission). If it is in the emergency mode (YES in step S 653 ), on the condition that the value of the redial counter is equal to or less than a (approximately 10-20) (YES in step S 655 ), the time one minute after the present time is set as the next calling (redial) time (step S 657 ). In other words, in the emergency mode, the central equipment is called every minute until the number of redialing operations exceeds a. However, if the set time is within a time range in which transmission is inhibited (NO in step S 685  and NO in step S 687 ), the redial time is set again. Steps S 681 -S 687  are described later. 
     When the number of redial operations in the emergency mode exceeds a (NO in step S 655 ), a prescribed time on the next day is set as the redial time (step S 659 ). This is done in order not to occupy the telephone set of the user when connection with the central equipment cannot be established (possibly due to any abnormal condition of the line or operation stop of the central computer) inspite of the calling operation repeated a times. 
     On the other hand, when it is determined that the present calling is not in the emergency mode (trouble transmission) (NO in step S 653 ), in other words, the calling operation is caused by any factor except for the trouble transmission, on the condition that the redial counter value is equal to or less than b (approximately 20-30) (YES in step S 661 ), an arbitrary even minute time within 20 minutes from the present time is selected based on a random number, and set it as the next calling (redial) time (step S 663 ). Specifically, the redial operation is done at an appropriate time within 20 minutes. This is done in order to increase the possibility of connecting each device to the central equipment by dispersing the redial times of respective data terminals even when a number of data terminals call the central equipment. However, similarly to the emergency case, if the set time is within the range of time in which transmission is inhibited (NO in step S 685  and NO in step S 687 ), the redial time is set again. 
     In a non-emergency mode, if the number of redial operations exceeds b (NO in step S 661 ), on the condition that the number is equal to or less than c (from 30 to 40) (YES in step S 665 ), an arbitrary even minute time within 40 minutes from the present time is set as the next calling (redial) time similarly by using the random number (step S 667 ). In other words, the redial operation is done at a proper time within 40 minutes. This is done in order to further increase the possibility of connecting respective devices to the central equipment by dispersing the redial times of respective data terminals in a range wider than that of step S 663  when a number of data terminals call the central equipment. However, the redial time is set again when the set time is within the time range in which transmission is inhibited (NO in step S 685  and NO in step S 687 ) similarly to the case above. 
     In the non-emergency mode, if the number of redial operations exceeds c and is equal to or less than d (from 40 to 50) (YES in step S 669 ), an arbitrary time within 40 minutes from the present time is set as the next calling (redial) time (step S 671 ). Specifically, the condition of the even number minute time is canceled and the number of times which can be selected is increased compared with the case of step S 667  to further increase the possibility of connection to the central equipment. Even if the set time is within the time range in which transmission is inhibited, steps S 681  to S 687  are skipped and the process is directly returned. 
     In the non-emergency mode, if the number of redial operations exceeds d (NO in step S 669 ), a prescribed time of the next day is set as the redial time (step S 673 ). It is done in order to avoid occupation of the telephone line of the user when connection with the central equipment cannot be established (possibly due to any abnormal state of the line, operation stop of the central computer and the like) even if calling operation is done d times. 
     In the processes of steps S 681 -S 687 , the redial time is set again when the set redial time is within the time range in which transmission is inhibited (NO in step S 685  or NO in step S 687 ). 
     As shown in FIG. 7, CPU  11  performs the count up operation every minute (YES in step S 33 ), increments counter variable CT one by one, and substitutes the remainder obtained by dividing the incremented value by 7 for the counter variable CT (step S 35 ). Specifically, the value of counter CT changes in rotation every one minute as 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 0, 1, . . . Counter CT=0-3 corresponds to a time range in which transmission with lower priority is allowed, and counter CT=4-6 corresponds to a time range in which transmission with a higher priority is allowed (see FIGS.  21 A and  21 B). 
     The present time X is added to the counter CT by the process in step S 681 . The obtained value is divided by 7 to obtain the remainder. The remainder is substituted for counter variable CTX to render counter variable CTX corresponding to the CT. Specifically, CTX=0-3 corresponds to the time range in which transmission with a lower priority is allowed, and counter CTX=4-6 corresponds to the time range in which transmission with a higher priority is allowed. Accordingly, determination made in steps S 685  and  687  can be done. 
     Accordingly, the transmission-allowable time range is allocated depending on the priority of transmission. The possibility of connection with the central equipment can be enhanced for each transmission. Specifically, even if connection cannot be established at the first time as shown in FIG. 18, when transmission with a higher priority is requested again, transmission with a lower priority is completed and transmission with a lower priority is inhibited, so that the possibility of connection with the central equipment is enhanced. 
     Referring next to FIGS. 17-20, control of an operation of the computer of the central equipment (process in CPU  91 ) is described. 
     CPU  91  starts processing upon turn-on of the power source. Environment setting of a modem, a printer and the like is first carried out (step S 61 ). In response to key input operations of F 1 -F 7  described below, following modes are set or respective processes are carried out. 
     When F 1  key is selected (YES in step S 63 ), a machine type registration accept mode is set (step S 65 ). Specifically, the name of the machine type, the number of items of the element data, the name of each element data, the standard threshold of each element data, the standard threshold of each count data and the like are newly registered. 
     When F 2  key is selected (YES in step S 67 ), a user master registration accept mode is set (step S 69 ). Specifically, the name of user, address, telephone number, machine type name, machine number, date and time of fixed transmission and the like are newly registered. Further, an ID number for identifying the data terminal (DTID) is automatically set. 
     When F 3  key is selected (YES in step S 71 ), trouble states are displayed (step S 73 ). Specifically, user information (user name, address, telephone number, machine type name) of a copying machine which transmits emergency, and the date and time of trouble occurrence and the like are displayed with details of the trouble on display  92 . Regardless of the operation of F 3  key, the number of troubles is always displayed on the corner of display  92 . 
     When F 4  is selected (YES in step S 75 ), warning states are displayed (Step S 77 ). Specifically, user information of a copying machine for which warning is transmitted is displayed with details of the warning on display  92 . Regardless of the operation of F 4  key, the number of warnings is always displayed on the corner of display  92 . 
     When F 5  key is selected (YES in step S 79 ), a non-reception state is displayed (step S 81 ). Specifically, user information of a copying machine which does not make a fixed time transmission even after a prescribed fixed transmission time is displayed on display  92 . Regardless of the operation of F 4  key, the number of non-reception cases is always indicated on the corner of display  92 . 
     When F 6  key is selected (YES in step S 83 ), a user data display mode is implemented (step S 85 ). That is, when a user is selected, user information is indicated on display  92 . When a submenu is selected, the count values of various counters (total counter, sheet size counter, jam counter, trouble counter, PM counter) of the user copying machine and the element data are displayed for each month and each item. 
     When F 7  key is selected (YES in step S 87 ), a bill is printed (step S 89 ). A printer connected to computer  90  is activated to print out a bill with copying cost calculated based on the count value of the total counter and a prescribed calculation formula. 
     When F 8  key is selected (YES in step S 91 ), a mode in which the time of line communication from the central equipment is set is implemented (S 93 ). Specifically, the time of making line communication from the central equipment to each of copying machines  5  connected with CPU  91  of the central equipment through radio communication lines is set. Accordingly, the time of line communication to the copying machine group connected by the radio communication lines can be set, for example, at hours of odd numbers such as p.m. 1 o&#39;clock, p.m. 3 o&#39;clock, and p.m. 5 o&#39;clock or hours of even numbers, only in the morning or in the afternoon, on Monday, Wednesday, Friday or another day, odd number dates such as 1, 3, 5 or even number dates. 
     In step S 95 , it is determined whether or not it is the time of line communication from the central equipment described above, and if it is the line communication time, a process of line communication from the central equipment is performed. This process is described below using FIG.  20 . 
     Referring to FIGS. 18 and 19, an interruption process in CPU  91  is described. 
     CPU  91  receives data supplied from the data terminal following an interruption process, and applies a prescribed process to the supplied data (S 900 ). 
     When an interruption command is issued by the data terminal, CPU  91  receives an ID number (DTID) for identifying the data terminal and transmission data (S 901 ). When any communication error occurs (YES in step S 903 ), on the condition that the number of errors is equal to or less than a prescribed number (YES in step S 913 ), retransmission of the ID number (DTID) for identifying the data terminal and the transmission data is requested to the data terminal (step S 905 ). If the number of errors exceeds the prescribed number (NO in step S 913 ), CPU  91  disconnects the line (step S 909 ). 
     When the communication is normally completed (YES in step S 907 ), the line is disconnected (step S 909 ). Data is then produced for each item and each month as data for screen display by selection by the operator (step S 911 ). The normal completion of communication refers to the case in which the ID number (DTID) for data terminal identification and the transmission data supplied from the data terminal can be received without error and data can be transmitted from the central equipment as necessary. 
     If the communication follows the fixed time transmission setting, the next fixed transmission time and date, time limit transmission time and date, and the present time are transmitted to the data terminal. 
     Referring to FIG. 20, a central line communication process is described. 
     When a central transmission flag F is 0 (YES in step S 1001 ), that is, no data transmission and reception process is performed for any copying machine (YES in step S 1003 ), it is determined whether or not it is the time for transmission to any copying machine. The transmission time to the copying machine is preliminary registered. When it is the time for transmission to any copying machine, in step S 1004 , the central transmission flag is set to 1. On the conditions that no line is connected to the data terminal (NO in step S 1005 ), and the process is not in the standby state after transmission of an off-hook signal and a selection signal is commanded (NO in step S 1007 ), transmission of the off-hook signal and the selection signal is commanded to modem  152  (step S 1009 ). 
     After the process in step S 1009 , if the radio communication line is busy (YES in step S 1011 ), or the data terminal on the receiver side is busy (YES in step S 1015 ), the redial time is newly set (step S 1013 ). The busy state of the data terminal on the receiver side refers to the state in which the copying machine is in use and all the data cannot be determined. The new redial time is set at any time which is not used in the time range of transmission to the data terminal connected by the radio line. In step S 1017 , the central transmission flag is set to 0. 
     In response to the process in step S 1009 , the off-hook signal and the selection signal are transmitted from modem  172  over the radio communication line network. Connection with modem  152  of the data terminal by the radio communication line is made (YES in step S 1005 ), and data is transmitted and received to and from the data terminal (step S 1025 ) after modem  172  reaches the ready state (YES in step S 1021 ). When a regular communication is made, transmission from the central equipment to the data terminal corresponds to the data transmission request, and the data terminal which receives the data transmission request supplies data necessary for the regular communication to the central equipment. The procedure of the transmission and reception here is referred to as transmission and reception in the description of the embodiment. 
     After all the data are transmitted (YES in step S 1023 ), the central transmission flag is reset to 0 (step S 1027 ), and the line connected to modem  152  of the data terminal is disconnected (step S 1029 ). 
     The central line communication process is thus performed to transmit data to the data terminal and to receive data from the data terminal by the central equipment. 
     Although the present invention is directed to the copying machine and the remote diagnostic system for remotely diagnosing the copying machine in this embodiment, a remote diagnostic system for remotely diagnosing the state of any machine such as an automatic bending machine may be applied. In other words, the embodiment can be modified within the spirit of the invention. 
     Although the present invention has been described and illustrated in detail, it is clearly understood that the same is by way of illustration and example only and is not to be taken by way of limitation, the spirit and scope of the present invention being limited only by the terms of the appended claims.