Abstract:
A method for manufacturing a ballistic armor, includes at least the steps of aligning armor elements in front of a casing provider arrangement, and supplying a casing around the armor elements such that the armor elements remain inside the casing. Further, the method for inserting armor elements to a casing structure, includes at least the steps of manufacturing a casing, and inserting armor elements in the cavities of the casing. Further, a ballistic armor including a number of armor elements capsuled in a casing, and a casing forming a number of longitudinal cavities for the armor elements are also described.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0001]    Generally the present invention relates to manufacturing methods and related products. In particular, however not exclusively, the present invention pertains to manufacturing methods of ballistic armors and ballistic armor structures/products related thereof 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    Ballistic protection concerns protection against kinetic energy or pressure caused by projectiles such as bullets, gravity bombs, rockets etc.. Ballistic armor works by decreasing the energy density of the projectiles, for example by affecting the shape or postion of the projectile, by breaking the projectile and/or by decelerating the velocity of the projectile. Ballistic armor against pressure caused by ammunition works by absorbing or directing the energy of the shock wave. 
         [0003]    A ballistic armor may be produced of almost any material when the mass is sufficient enough. However, especially land, sea and air vehicles benefit when the armor is as light as possible, and further when the armor works as the load-bearing structure. Often there is also a requirement for the armor to fit into a small space, i.e. practically speaking the thickness of the structure needs to be as thin as possible. 
         [0004]    Traditionally, metallic structures, for example High Hardness Steels have been used in the production of ballistic armors. However, the cores of some projectiles aimed for penetrating armors, i.e. the penetrator, have such a high hardness that the hardness of the metallic armor structures are insufficient to cause damage to these penetrators. Therefore, the armor structure in these cases works by absorbing the kinetic energy of the projectile. The armor structures intended against these penetrators become excessively massive as a monolithic metallic structure, especially when applied to vehicles. 
         [0005]    As known from prior art, ceramic elements and metallic ceramic composites, such as aluminum oxide (Al2O3), silicon carbide (SiC), boron carbide (B4C), tungsten carbide (WC), boron nitride (BN), silicon nitride (Si3N4), carbon nitride (C3N4), titanium diboride (TiB2), may be used in ballistic armors. Such materials may have a hardness sufficient to generate damage to the projectiles. Ceramic materials are known to have high compressive strength, but at the same time weak tensile strength. 
         [0006]    The simplest construction principle when using ceramic elements in a ballistic armor is gluing rectangular prism ceramic elements, such as bricks, to a frame structure, such as a fiber composite laminate. The manufacturing methods when using ceramics most often require piling the elements manually on a panel-shaped mold of the desired final product, i.e. because the aftertreatment (for example cutting into shape) of the ceramic elements is difficult due to their high hardness. Typical armors that have ceramics glued to a frame structure do not withstand bending load. Therefore, such armors do not work as load-bearing structures in vehicles, for example. Instead these armor structures form a structural parasitic weight (excessive weight). 
         [0007]    According to prior art it is also known that ballistic armors may be improved by, either fully or partly, encapsulating ceramic elements. This is known to
       i) delay the fracturing of the ceramic surface and the start of the penetration   ii) slow down the cracking of the ceramic element   iii) keeping the ceramic material in contact with the penetrator and thus increasing the erosion of the penetrator   iv) affecting the fracturing and shaping of the ceramic elements caused by a shock wave with the adaption of the ceramic elements and the encapsulating material&#39;s acoustic impedance.       
 
         [0012]    Prior art tells that the shock resistance of ceramic elements increases significantly when molten metal, such as aluminum, is casted on top of the ceramic elements. The big difference in the ceramic elements&#39; and aluminium&#39;s thermal expansion creates a compressing pretension for the ceramic elements when the molten metal cools down to solid material contracting at the same time. 
         [0013]    The manufacturing complexity is a common characteristic for the presented structures. The known structures are also limited to a predefined shape. It has been difficult to adapt existing solutions to serial production as well. Even though there is a clear benefit due to the fact that the ceramic elements get a pretension when compressed by a metal casing, one disadvantage is that the existing methods require high accuracy for dimensional tolerances. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0014]    The objective is to at least alleviate the problems described hereinabove not satisfactorily solved by the known arrangements, and to provide feasible methods to manufacture ballistic armors and to provide feasible ballistic armors related thereof. 
         [0015]    The aforesaid objective is achieved by the embodiments of a system in accordance with the present invention. 
         [0016]    Accordingly, in one aspect of the present invention, a method for manufacturing a ballistic armor comprises at least the steps
       aligning armor elements infront of a casing provider arrangement, and   supplying a casing around the armor elements such that the armor elements remain inside the casing.       
 
         [0019]    In one embodiment the casing provider arrangement is a metal profile extrusion arrangement extruding a metal profile around the armor elements. 
         [0020]    In a further, either supplementary or alternative, embodiment the casing provider arrangement is a metal direct extrusion or indirect extrusion arrangement. 
         [0021]    In a further, either supplementary or alternative, embodiment the casing provider arrangement is a pultrusion arrangement. 
         [0022]    In a further, either supplementary or alternative, embodiment the armor elements are ceramic elements. The armor elements may be ceramic tiles and/or bricks, for example. The ceramic elements may be rectangular, triangular, cylindrical and/or any other shape suitable for such application. In some preferable embodiments, the rectangular tiles may be 25×25 mm-100×100 mm with a thickness of 3-25 mm, for example. As is understood, other dimensional combinations are possible as well. 
         [0023]    In a further, either supplementary or alternative, embodiment the armor elements are hard steels, metal matrix composites and/or fiber composites. 
         [0024]    In a further, either supplementary or alternative, embodiment the armor elements are aligned in a row infront of the casing provider arrangement. 
         [0025]    In a further, either supplementary or alternative, embodiment the armor elements are arranged to stay in place, such as with a stopper, when the armor elements are covered with the casing. 
         [0026]    In a further, either supplementary or alternative, embodiment the armor elements are supported with guides on at least two sides such that the guides move forward when the casing is supplied around the armor elements. 
         [0027]    In another aspect of the present invention a method for inserting elements to a casing structure comprises at least the steps
       manufacturing a casing, and   inserting armor elements in the cavities of the casing.       
 
         [0030]    In one embodiment the armor elements are aligned on a conveyor that inserts the armor elements in the cavities of the casing. 
         [0031]    In a further, either supplementary or alternative, embodiment the armor elements are attached inside the casing by casting or injecting adhesive material inside the casing via arranged channels. 
         [0032]    In a further, either supplementary or alternative, embodiment the armor elements are attached inside the casing by welding a gap arranged to the casing such that the contraction of the weld clamps the armor elements to their places inside the casing. 
         [0033]    In a further, either supplementary or alternative, embodiment the armor elements are inserted in the casings after the extrusion process. The armor elements may be inserted in the casings during tension leveling or heat treatment, such as hardening or artificial ageing. 
         [0034]    In a further, either supplementary or alternative, embodiment the armor elements are attached inside the casing by mechanical forming such as mangling, rolling, compression molding or other suitable methods. 
         [0035]    In a third aspect of the present invention a ballistic armor comprises
       a number of armor elements capsuled in a casing, and   a casing forming a number of longitudinal cavities for the armor elements.       
 
         [0038]    In one embodiment the cavities and armor elements are arranged in layers such that the cavities and armor elements in each layer is overlapping the cavities and layers in an adjacent layer. 
         [0039]    In a further, either supplementary or alternative, embodiment the casing is a metallic casing. 
         [0040]    In a further, either supplementary or alternative, embodiment the armor elements are ceramic elements. In a further, either supplementary or alternative, embodiment the armor elements are hard steels, metal matrix composites and/or fiber composites. 
         [0041]    In a further, either supplementary or alternative, embodiment the ballistic armor comprises two layers of cavities and armor elements. 
         [0042]    In a further, either supplementary or alternative, embodiment the ballistic armor comprises a number of intermediate elements between the armor elements, which intermediate elements differ by material attributes from the armor elements. 
         [0043]    In a further, either supplementary or alternative, embodiment the casing has a curved structure and wherein the armor elements are arranged in a curved formation. 
         [0044]    In a further, either supplementary or alternative, embodiment the cavities and armor elements has varying shapes, such as triangular and/or rectangular shapes, and/or sizes. 
         [0045]    In a further, either supplementary or alternative, embodiment at least two casings are connected to each other. 
         [0046]    In a further, either supplementary or alternative, embodiment the attachment means allow the casings to turn relative to each other. 
         [0047]    In a further, either supplementary or alternative, embodiment the attachment means are shoulder structures that are attached to each other by welding, glueing and/or mechanical attachments. 
         [0048]    In a further, either supplementary or alternative, embodiment the cavities and armor elements are arranged such that the layers of armor elements overlap each other in a connecting point of the attachment means. 
         [0049]    In a further, either supplementary or alternative, embodiment the ballistic armor is attached to a frame structure, such as the frame of a vehicle. 
         [0050]    In a further, either supplementary or alternative, embodiment the ballistic armor is configured to shield against projectiles&#39; penetrators kinetic energy and/or protect against the pressure caused by explosives. 
         [0051]    In another, either supplementary or alternative, embodiment the ballistic armor is configured to protect as add-on armor. Alternatively, the ballistic armor is configured to protect as a stand-alone armor. In a stand-alone structure the ballistic armor may comprise a fixed structure that provides sufficient rigidity and/or the ballistic armor may comprise an attachable separate structure that provides sufficient rigidity. 
         [0052]    In a further, either supplementary or alternative, embodiment the ballistic armor comprises from rigid and solid material formed material layers that are arranged in a specific order in relation to each other. 
         [0053]    In a further, either supplementary or alternative, embodiment the ballistic armor structure may comprise other material layers that may or may not function as ballistic armor. 
         [0054]    In a further, either supplementary or alternative, embodiment the casing is arranged in connection with the ceramic elements inside the casing by heat shrinking, hot-forming, cold-forming, casting an adhesive material, injecting an adhesive material, gluing, welding and/or other suitable methods. 
         [0055]    The utility of the present invention follows from a plurality of factors depending on each particular embodiment. Due to thermal expansion an extruded profile may, in some embodiments, when cooling down compress the ceramic elements giving them a pretension. In some embodiments the production may be automated. In some embodiments the structure may function both as the ballistic armor and the load-bearing structure, for example in vehicles or fixed constructions. In some embodiments the structure may be provided as a modular elements. By combining/attaching ballistic armors one may be able to easily build ballistic armors according to different shapes and/or sizes. In some embodiments a damaged ballistic armor may be easily changed to a new one. 
         [0056]    In this application a “projectile” describes any object moving with a high velocity such as a frag (fragmentation), a bullet or (other) ammunition. 
         [0057]    In this application a “penetrator” describes the part of a projectile, either the whole projectile or part of it, such as a bullet or its core, that penetrates into a ballistic armor structure and which kinetic energy the ballistic armor is supposed to dampen. 
         [0058]    The expression “a number of” refers herein to any positive integer starting from one (1), e.g. to one, two, or three. 
         [0059]    The expression “a plurality of” refers herein to any positive integer starting from two (2), e.g. to two, three, or four. 
         [0060]    Different embodiments of the present invention are disclosed in the dependent claims. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED DRAWINGS 
         [0061]    Next the invention is described in more detail with reference to the appended drawings in which 
           [0062]      FIGS. 1 a  and 1 b    are sketches of an embodiment of a manufacturing method of a ballistic armor utilizing an extrusion process in accordance with the present invention. 
           [0063]      FIG. 2  is a sketch of an embodiment of a manufacturing method of a ballistic armor utilizing a direct extrusion process in accordance with the present invention. 
           [0064]      FIG. 3  is a sketch of an embodiment of a manufacturing method of a ballistic armor utilizing an indirect extrusion process in accordance with the present invention. 
           [0065]      FIG. 4  is a sketch of an embodiment of a manufacturing method of a ballistic armor in accordance with the present invention with a focus on the ballistic elements&#39; placement in relation to the mandrel of an extruder. 
           [0066]      FIG. 5  is a sketch of an embodiment of a manufacturing method of a ballistic armor utilizing a pultrusion process in accordance with the present invention. 
           [0067]      FIG. 6  is a sketch of an embodiment of a method for inserting armor elements inside a casing. 
           [0068]      FIG. 7  is a sketch of an embodiment of a method for inserting armor elements inside a casing utilizing a conveyor. 
           [0069]      FIG. 8  is a sketch of an embodiment of a method for inserting armor elements and intermediate elements inside a casing. 
           [0070]      FIG. 9  is a sketch of an embodiment of a method for inserting armor elements and intermediate elements inside a casing with a focus on the casing cut off 
           [0071]      FIG. 10  is a sketch of an embodiment to attach armor elements to a casing structure utilizing adhesive materials inside the casing. 
           [0072]      FIG. 11  is a sketch of an embodiment to attach armor elements to a casing structure by welding a gap of the casing. 
           [0073]      FIG. 12  is a sketch of an embodiment of a ballistic armor structure in accordance with the present invention. 
           [0074]      FIG. 13  is a sketch of an embodiment of a curved ballistic armor structure in accordance with the present invention. 
           [0075]      FIG. 14  is a sketch of an embodiment of a ballistic armor structure with armor elements of different shapes and/or sizes in accordance with the present invention. 
           [0076]      FIG. 15  is a sketch of an embodiment of a ballistic armor structure wherein a plurality of casings are attached to each other. 
           [0077]      FIG. 16  is a sketch of an embodiment of a ballistic armor structure wherein a plurality of casings are attached to each other and wherein the attachment means turn relative to each other. 
           [0078]      FIG. 17  is a sketch of an embodiment of a ballistic armor structure wherein a plurality of casings are attached to each other utilizing shoulder structures as attachment means. 
           [0079]      FIG. 18  is a sketch of an embodiment of a ballistic armor structure applied to a frame structure. 
           [0080]      FIG. 19  is a sketch of an embodiment of a ballistic armor structure applied to a vehicle frame. 
           [0081]      FIG. 20  is a flow diagram of an embodiment of a manufacturing method in accordance with the present invention. 
           [0082]      FIG. 21  is a flow diagram of an embodiment of a method for inserting armor elements to a casing structure in accordance with the present invention. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS 
       [0083]      FIG. 1 a    illustrates an embodiment of a manufacturing method  100  in accordance with the present invention. Armor elements  102 , such as ceramic tiles, are arranged in connection with a metal profile extrusion arrangement  104 . The armor elements  102  are aligned after the die  106  of the metal profile extrusion arrangement  104 . The metal profile extruder comprises a mandrel  108  and a mandrel holder  110 . 
         [0084]    The armor elements  102  are supported with guides  112  and a stopper  114 . The metal profile from the metal profile extrusion arrangement pushes the guides  112  forward. The stopper  114  keeps the armor elements  102  in place such that the metal profile settles around the armor elements  102  such that the armor elements remain inside the metal profile. 
         [0085]      FIG. 1 b    illustrates an embodiment of a manufacturing method  100   b  in accordance with the present invention. The arrows  103   b  represent the malleable material compressed flow. A tongue  105   b  divides the material flow. The metal profile extrusion arrangement  104   b  comprises a weld chamber  107   b  and a bearing  109   b  that forms the extruded metal profile  111   b . The extruded metal profile  111   b  pushes the guides  112   b  forward. Rollers  115   b  are arranged on both sides of the armor elements to compress the extruded metal profile  111   b  around the armor elements. The rollers  115   b  may also straighten and/or press forward the metal profile  111   b . The armor elements are supported with a stopper  114   b.    
         [0086]    Metal profile extrusion materials may be e.g. aluminium, brass, copper, lead, tin, magnesium, zinc, steel and/or titanium. 
         [0087]    Ceramic elements may comprise for example aluminium oxide, silicon carbide, boron carbide and/or any other ceramic material suitable for ballistic armor and/or suitable for other structural purposes of the present invention. 
         [0088]      FIG. 2  illustrates an embodiment of a manufacturing method  200  in accordance with the present invention. Armor elements  202  are aligned after a direct extrusion arrangement  204 . The armor elements  202  may be arranged directly after the die  206 . The billet  216  is driven by a punch  218  with a dummy block  220 . The billet  216  is inside a billet chamber  222 . The billet  216  is pushed through a die  206 . The die  206  forms the billet to a metal profile that is guided around the armor elements  202  such that the armor elements remain inside the metal profile. There may be intermediate elements  224   a ,  224   b  between the armor elements  202 . Such intermediate elements  224   a ,  224   b  may be produced from a material that distinguishes from the material of the armor elements  202 . The intermediate elements may be manufactured from similar material as the billet for the metal profile, or other material suitable for cutting and machining with standard tools. The intermediate elements may be utilized later on to cut the armor structure on the location of the intermediate elements, for example. Additionally, alternatively, the ballistic armor may be attached to another surface by utilizing the intermediate elements, for example by screwing through the intermediate elements. The armor elements and/or intermediate elements may be supported with guides  212  and a stopper  214 . The guides  212  may be pushed forward by the extruded profile. 
         [0089]      FIG. 3  presents an embodiment of a manufacturing method  300  in accordance with the present invention. Armor elements  302  are aligned after an indirect extrusion arrangement  304 . The armor elements  302  may be arranged directly after the die  306 . The billet  316  is inside a billet chamber  322 . The billet is driven by a punch  318  with a dummy block that comprises die  306 . The die  306  forms the billet to a metal profile that is guided around the armor elements  302  such that the armor elements remain inside the metal profile. The armor elements  302  may be supported with guides  312  and a stopper  314 . 
         [0090]      FIG. 4  illustrates the position of the armor elements  402  in relation to the mandrel of the metal profile extrusion arrangement.  FIG. 4  presents the billet  416 , a mandrel holder  406 , armor elements  402 , a die  406  and an extruded metal profile  426 . The extruded metal profile  426  forms a metallic casing around the armor elements  402 . The armor elements  402  and the metallic casing  426  forms an embodiment of a ballistic armor in accordance with the present invention. 
         [0091]      FIG. 5  illustrates an embodiment of a manufacturing method  500  in accordance with the present invention. Armor elements  502  are aligned after a pultrusion arrangement  505 . Fibers  528  are impregnated with resin  530  and pulled via a guide  532  through a die  534 . Resin  530  may for example be polyester, polyurethane, vinylester and/or epoxy. A conveyor  536  may be arranged after the pultrusion arrangement such that the formed casing is guided around the armor elements  502  such that the armor elements remain inside the casing. The armor elements may be supported with a stopper  514  and/or guides. The casing may be manufactured from a fiber composite, such as carbon fiber. 
         [0092]      FIG. 6  presents an embodiment of a method  600  for inserting armor elements  602  inside a metal profile/casing  626 . The metal profile/casing  626  comprises cavities  638  in which the armor elements  602  may be inserted. 
         [0093]      FIG. 7  presents an embodiment of a method  700  for inserting armor elements  702  inside a metal profile/casing  726  utilizing a conveyor  736 . The metal profile/casing comprises cavities  738  in which the armor elements  702  may be inserted. The conveyor belt may have an adhesive surface, such as fiber tape or aluminum tape, which allows to place the armor elements on the conveyor belt. The conveyor belt may be fitted with a reel or strip of tape, such as aluminium tape or fiber tape, with adhesive surface which allows to attach the armor elements on the tape placed on the conveyor belt. The tape with the armor elements may be inserted inside the cavity of the metal profile. 
         [0094]      FIG. 8  presents an embodiment of a method  800  for inserting armor elements  802  and intermediate elements  824  inside a metal profile/casing  826 . The metal profile/casing  826  comprises cavities  838  in which the armor elements  802  and intermediate elements  824  may be inserted. The intermediate elements  824  may distinguish from armor elements  802  by material, dimensioning, shape or any other feature. The intermediate elements may have similar cross sectional dimensions as the armor elements, but different length. The intermediate elements may be of similar material as the billet material for the metal casing. The intermediate elements may also be of material with acoustic impedance differing considerably from the acoustic impedance of the armor element material and/or the acoustic impedance of the metal casing material. The intermediate elements  824  may for example act as acoustic impedance shaping elements between the armor elements  802 . 
         [0095]      FIG. 9  presents an embodiment of a method  900  for inserting armor elements  902   a ,  902   b  and intermediate elements  924  inside a metal profile/casing  926 . The intermediate elements  924  may distinguish from armor elements  902   a ,  902   b  by material, dimensioning, shape or any other feature. The intermediate elements may have similar cross sectional dimensions as the armor elements, but different length, for example. The intermediate elements may be manufactured from similar material as the billet for the metal profile, or other material suitable for cutting and machining with standard tools. The intermediate elements  924  may for example allow to cut off, make openings or in other ways shape the ballistic armor from the desired location  940 . By selecting a suitable material for the intermediate elements  924  may allow to cut off or in other ways shape the ballistic armor structure with more conventional working methods than would be needed for cutting off the ballistic armor at the location of the armor elements  902   a ,  902   b.    
         [0096]      FIG. 10  presents an embodiment of a method  1000  to attach the armor elements  1002  to the metallic casing/profile  1026  with channels  1042  by casting, injecting or any other means applying suitable material inside the casing/profile  1026 . 
         [0097]      FIG. 11  presents an embodiment of a method  1100  to attach the armor elements to the metallic casing/profile  1126   a ,  1126   b  by welding  1144   a ,  1144   b ,  1144   c  a gap  1146   a ,  1146   b ,  1146   c  in the metallic casing/profile  1126   a ,  1126   b . The contraction of the weld  1144   a ,  1144   b ,  1144   c  clamps the armor elements to their places inside the casing/profile  1126   a ,  1126   b  into a prestressed state. 
         [0098]      FIG. 12  presents an embodiment of a structure of a ballistic armor  1201  in accordance with the present invention. The ballistic armor comprises a metallic casing  1226 . The metallic casing comprises cavities  1238   a - f . The cavities may be filled with armor elements  1202   a - d . The casing may comprise cavities in layers. 
         [0099]    The cavities in different layers may be overlapping each other. Thereby, the armor elements may also in different layers overlap each other. 
         [0100]      FIG. 13  presents an embodiment of a structure of a ballistic armor  1301  wherein the metallic casing  1326  has a curved form and wherein the cavities and armor elements  1302  are arranged in a curved formation within the casing. The armor elements  1302  and the cavities for the armor elements may be rectangle formed.  FIG. 14  presents an embodiment of a structure of a ballistic armor  1401  wherein the metallic casing  1426  comprises cavities with varying shapes and/or sizes. Armor elements  1402   a ,  1402   b  with varying shapes and/or sizes may be inserted in the cavities. Two layers of rectangular shaped cavities and armor elements and one layer of triangular shaped cavities and armor elements are presented in  FIG. 14 . The triangular shaped armor elements and cavities may be arranged overlappingly such that they together form a rectangular like set, for example. The triangular shaped cavities may also be left empty or may be used for example for chaneling conduits, liquids or gasses. 
         [0101]      FIG. 15  presents an embodiment of ballistic armor casings  1526   a ,  1526   b ,  1526   c  attached to each other. The casings  1526   a ,  1526   b ,  1526   c  have cavities that are filled with armor elements  1502 . The casings have  1526   a ,  1526   b ,  1526   c  attachment means  1548 ,  1550  for attaching casings to each other. A casing may have a ‘male’ attachment mean  1548  on one side and a ‘female’ attachment mean  1550  on one side, for example. 
         [0102]      FIG. 16  presents an embodiment of ballistic armor casings  1626   a ,  1626   b ,  1626   c  attached to each other, wherein the casings may turn relative to each other. The attachment means  1648 ,  1650  functions as pivotal points such that the casings may turn relative to each other. In  FIG. 16  is also presented an embodiment of the ballistic armor, wherein the ballistic armor functions as a retractable door curtain  1652  or similar structure. 
         [0103]      FIG. 17  presents an embodiment of ballistic armor casings  1726   a ,  1726   b  attached to each other, wherein the casings comprise attachment means  1748 ,  1750  that are shoulder structures. The attachment means  1748 ,  1750  may be attached to each other for example by welding, glueing, mechanical attachments or any other suitable means. The cavities and armor elements  1702  are arranged such that the layers of armor elements also overlap in the connecting point. 
         [0104]      FIG. 18  presents an application for the ballistic armor according to the present invention. The casing  1826  may be attached to a frame structure  1854  with attachment elements  1856   a ,  1856   b . The attachment elements may be attached to the frame structure  1854  with screws  1858   a ,  1858   b , for example.  FIG. 19  presents an application for the ballistic armor  1901 , wherein the ballistic armors are used as shields for vehicles. The casings  1926   a ,  1926   b ,  1926   c  are attached to the frame  1954   a ,  1954   b  of the vehicle with attachment elements  1956   a - e . The casings  1926   a ,  1926   b ,  1926   c  may be supported with a flange  1960  of the vehicle. The casings  1926   a ,  1926   b ,  1926   c  may be attached to each other as well. 
         [0105]      FIG. 20  is a flow diagram of an embodiment of a manufacturing method in accordance with the present invention. 
         [0106]    At method start-up  2002 , preparatory actions may take place. 
         [0107]    At  2004 , armor elements are aligned infront of a casing provider arrangement. A casing provider arrangement may be an extrusion or pultrusion arrangement, for example. 
         [0108]    At  2006 , a casing is supplied around the armor elements such that the armor elements reami inside the casing. The armor elements may be ceramic elements, for example. 
         [0109]    At  2008 , the armor elements are kept in place for example with a stopper. A stopper may prevent the armor elements of moving when the casing is supplied around the armor elements. 
         [0110]    At  2010 , the armor elements are supported with guides, for example. The casing may push the guides forward when the casing is supplied around the armor elements. 
         [0111]    At  2012 , the method execution is ended. 
         [0112]      FIG. 21  is a flow diagram of an embodiment of a method for inserting armor elements to a casing structure in accordance with the present invention. 
         [0113]    At method start-up  2102 , preparatory actions may take place. 
         [0114]    At  2104 , a casing is manufactured. The casing may be manufactured according to suitable methods. The casing may be a metal profile. 
         [0115]    At  2106 , armor elements are aligned on a conveyor. 
         [0116]    At  2108 , the armor elements are inserted in the cavities of the casing. The armor elements may be inserted by utilizing a conveyor as presented in step  2106 . The elements may be inserted by other means as well, for example manually. 
         [0117]    At  2110 , the armor elements are attached to the casing structure. Adhesive material, such as molten metal, may be supplied inside the casing via arranged channels. Alternatively a gap arranged to the casing may be welded. 
         [0118]    At  2112 , the method execution is ended. 
         [0119]    The dotted boxes in  FIGS. 20 and 21  can be considered as alternative embodiments. 
         [0120]    Consequently, a skilled person may on the basis of this disclosure and general knowledge apply the provided teachings in order to implement the scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims in each particular use case with necessary modifications, deletions, and additions.