Abstract:
The present invention relates to a modular construction system with molding formwork or permanent formwork for concrete or reinforced concrete industry aimed at building construction. It Incorporates a number of key elements: structural-elements for forming flat walls, corner-elements, -elements connectors between the flat elements, auxiliary-elements of rectangular cross section which are located adjacent to the panels. Each cell has at least one of their edges a longitudinal rail and at the opposite end has at least one counter-rail so that they can connect adjacent elements. Along the inner surface of the flat structural elements exists at least one longitudinal rail in order to couple connectors between each pair of elements and stabilize the position. Once the final structure concrete is poured into the hollow interior of this cavity and flows through the perforations in the structure generating a textured finish that can also receive other materials for creating different types of coating.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0001]    The present invention relates to a modular construction system of molding with multi-perforated arch centering for concrete or reinforced concrete of direct application to the construction industry, for the construction of all types of real estate properties. More specifically the modular construction system of permanent formwork molding refers to a set of elements including: first polymeric flat structural components, second, corner components; third flat connecting components, fourth: panel-shaped components; each component of the modular system includes longitudinally at the remaining end of one rail edge, at the remaining end of the edge at least one rail, the flat components across the width of its longitudinal surface have at least one longitudinal rail for coupling flat connectors, for assembly of the rail system and against rails of the structural components, which are coupled and locked together slidable to each other, successively until forming a mold structure with permanent arch centering with hollow interconnected interior cavities and multiperforated exposed faces in the hollow cavities where concrete is spread, on the exposed multiperforated faces concrete springs and is impregnated, thus covering the permanent arch centering and generating a new texture to the surface. This new surface can receive any type of finish. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    Currently in the construction industry there are a variety of materials and processes for construction of buildings. The most developed areas are prefabricated modular systems and materials, as these are useful anywhere where you need to build, whether it is a small or a large building. These materials and systems offer numerous solutions for businesses and individuals, because the works can be completed in very short periods of time, with greater control of work, cleaner works, safe and durable works, besides these materials are easy to assemble and the labor used is not specialized or regional. 
         [0003]    Currently have been developed various components and modular systems for these purposes, for example there are some panel systems of rigid PVC and foamed PVC panel systems, systems with flat components, systems with angular components, extruded PVC systems, with elements to be continuously assembled together. These systems are complemented by structural reinforcement elements such as metal columns and rods for the construction of all types of outer walls, inner wall partitions, contemplating the formation of walls in corners with all these elements for different types of buildings. 
         [0004]    For example, the description of the U.S. Pat. No. 5,608,999 (MX 202025), describes the use of a series of flat thermoplastic structural components and thermoplastic corner structural components, where some components are locked slidably and releasably together to form continuous wall structure with hollow cells, where these cells receive poured concrete internal and the surface finish is always smooth and plastic. The structural system components of the system of Bernard Mc Namara as has been disclosed include flat connectors, flat caps and corner angles, prefabricated and extruded in rigid PVC, so they can be assembled on-site, with unskilled labor and short periods of time. 
         [0005]    A disadvantage of thermoplastic structural system components of the Bernard McNamara system, to assemble a wall structure it is required a lot of individual elements for assembly of the system, consequently before such manipulation of elements significantly it is increased the time of assembly and construction, in addition the final surface finish will always be smooth and plastic. 
         [0006]    The patent description No. U.S. Pat. No. 5,729,944 discloses a building constructed of extruded thermoplastic structural components, these components include hollow panels, hollow connectors, hollow beams and adapters. For the assembly of the system the extruded components are locked over the edge together continuously to form vertical walls and the roof of the building. Each wall structural component is hollow, is made from PVC plastic material, and formed of spaced inner and outer walls connected by transverse entanglements that form internal cells, this essentially appears as a mold into which concrete is poured to form outer and inner wall faces with smooth finish and plastic. 
         [0007]    A disadvantage of the system of Vittorio De Zen is that the thermoplastic hollow panel is formed at both ends of the edge for engaging and interlocking with a male member, for assembly between panels to build a continuous flat wall, it is always required a connector between panels, without these connectors is not possible to assemble the panels, in addition the resulting final surface will be smooth and plastic. 
         [0008]    The Mexican Patent Application PCT/MX2005/000012 with International Publication Number WO 2005/098158 A1 discloses and describes a panel structure with coupling means, for prefabricated buildings, the panel structure of rectangular longitudinal shape with internal individual cavities not interconnected, with ease of assembly and engagement with each other, besides the complementary structural elements such as steel columns are inserted and engage only in the cavities formed between the panel structure assemblies against the panel structure, such that concrete or some other material is poured into the internal cavities, forming a wall structure with plastic surface finish for the construction of buildings. 
         [0009]    A major disadvantage of this panel structure system with coupling means, for prefabricated buildings, is that there is no internal communication between the elements and their internal cavities in the structure of vertical wall, thus reducing the structural capabilities of the system and when the concrete is poured it is not obtained a final continuous monolithic structure, to achieve structural stability the system uses steel columns of noncommercial structural shapes, so this greatly increases manufacturing costs and project costs, and besides the surface finish will always be smooth and plastic. 
         [0010]    U.S. Pat. No. 7,628,570 B2 US discloses a modular retaining wall where the wall is at least partially below the surface, where the surface may be land-based or water-based; the walls are compounds polygonal modules with open and closed channels disposed therein, in addition to components as hollow profiles, flat profiles, module connectors, hollow profiles and corner connectors and hollow adapters. The wall modules are fastened together by respective coupling and fastening closures so that connectivity is provided between the modules, however it retains the ability for the liquid to pass through, being always smooth surface finish and plastic. 
         [0011]    A disadvantage of the modular system of John Davidsaver and Acott Yeany is that in forming intermediate configurations walls and dividers, nuts and bolts are required, and this increases the time of building and the apparently low costs for these items, but they are at large scale reflected in longer periods of construction and project costs; however, the final surface finish is always smooth and plastic. 
         [0012]    Due to the above, there is in the market a need for a modular construction system being more versatile, handy and of a smaller scale, easy assembly and rapid construction for use in the construction industry, for the building of any kind of construction, which solves the disadvantages mentioned and that is functional over existing systems. The present invention aims to provide a solution to this gap detected, it would be of great relevance in the area of materials prefabricated construction industry. 
       OBJECTIVES 
       [0013]    The present invention is generally intended to provide a modular construction system multi-perforated with permanent formwork for reinforced concrete, which is assembled and coupled structurally with panels and components easily and quickly constructed. 
         [0014]    Another objective of the present invention is to provide a permanent construction system with permanent arch centering, multi-perforated for reinforced concrete, with hollow cavities interconnected to function as mold of permanent arch centering formwork to the concrete poured into the cavities by the multiperforated surfaces with anterior and posterior concrete “outbreak” hiding permanently the formwork and generating a new texture on the surface, which can receive any additional finish. 
         [0015]    Another object of the invention is to provide a modular building system of permanent formwork for reinforced multi-perforated concrete, where the final specific surface is exposed and can receive any type of finish. 
         [0016]    Another object of the invention to provide a modular construction system multi-perforated permanent formwork for reinforced concrete, where one of the exposed end surfaces of the concrete wall is able to receive any type of finish and the remaining wall surface has smooth and plastic finish. 
         [0017]    Another objective of the invention is to provide a modular molding system of permanent multiperforated formwork for reinforced concrete where panels and hollow components are molds for pouring concrete, which support the weight and the expansion of the concrete. 
         [0018]    Another important objective is to make available a panel and modular structural multi-perforated components with coupling means easily and stably assembled together, eliminating the use of nuts, bolts, welding, bolts, wedges, and stay bolts. 
         [0019]    Another object of the invention is to provide a modular panel system with prefabricated structural multi-perforated components for an assisted self construction model where labor manual labor can be regional and unskilled. 
         [0020]    Another object of the invention is to make available a modular construction system of permanent formwork multiperforated for reinforced concrete being resistant of low molecular weight, thermo acoustic, minimizing energy consumption and building timing. 
         [0021]    Another object of the invention is to make available a modular construction system of permanent formwork for reinforced concrete multi-perforated where doors, windows, electrical, hydraulic, sanitary facilities are compatible with the system. 
         [0022]    A further object of the present invention to provide a prefabricated modular multi-perforated polymeric components, that can be implemented in all kinds of constructions maintaining the character of being lightweight, easy to maneuver, easy to transport and easy to assemble. 
         [0023]    A further object of the present invention to provide a modular construction system of permanent formwork for reinforced concrete where modules can be trimmed and sectioned according to the requirements and needs of the construction project. 
         [0024]    Another object of the invention is to provide a modular construction system of permanent multiperforated formwork for reinforced concrete that when assembled to act as an integrated structure but can be reinforced as needed. 
         [0025]    Finally another object of the invention is to make available a modular construction system multi-perforated permanent formwork for reinforced concrete where prefabricated components are extruded and high strength polymeric materials involving large-scale production. 
       DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0026]    The elements of the modular construction system of permanent formwork multi-perforated for reinforced concrete in all its forms and its plurality of arrays are formed first by modular flat profiles multi-perforated characterized by comprising a multi-perforated longitudinal surface at the ends of perpendicular edge to the longitudinal multi-perforated surface with a longitudinal extension all along rail geometrically defined as a female element, the remaining end on the longitudinal rail as male member, as coupling means, and interlocking along the width of the longitudinal surface comprises a plurality multi-perforated longitudinal rails of T-shaped connectors for flat couplings. 
         [0027]    Second: a modular plug multi-perforated hollow with corners characterized by comprising two perpendicular longitudinal elongated faces bonded together with cut cores distributed longitudinally, these attached to a semicircular longitudinal surface multi-perforated, said modular connector multi-perforated in one of the perpendicular longitudinal faces has integrated two rails of defined geometric shape as the female member and on the remaining face has two rails integrated geometrically defined as male element, such as engagement and interlocking means. 
         [0028]    Third: a flat modular connector characterized by comprising a longitudinal surface with sections cut cores strategically distributed longitudinally, in addition to comprising at both ends of the longitudinal edge a U-shaped rail with extended inward edges as coupling means. Also a modular flat connector rectangular multi-perforated characterized by comprising a multi-perforated front wall, a rear multi-perforated wall and longitudinal furring strips with sections of cut cores longitudinally and strategically distributed perpendicular to the multiperforated walls, said modular connectors in a rib has two rails integrated defined geometrically as the female member on the remaining there are two rails integrated, geometrically defined as male element, such as engagement means, and interlocking crimp. 
         [0029]    Fourth: One Multi-perforated modular panel characterized by comprising a rectangular configuration, a longitudinal multi-perforated front wall, a longitudinal multi-perforated rear wall, a plurality of longitudinal ribs with core cut sections strategically distributed longitudinally, forming between these, interconnected rectangular cavities, at one end of multi-perforated modular panel on the rib has an integrated two longitudinal rails defined geometrically as the female member on the remaining end rib has an integrated two longitudinal rails defined geometrically as the male element, such as engagement, interlocking and crimping means. 
         [0030]    The assembly of modular construction system of permanent formwork multi-perforated for reinforced concrete consists of the continuous and subsequent coupling of the components of the modular construction system, where each component includes in at least one of its ends a male element and at the remaining end a female element; for the coupling between the elements, the rail with the male element is housed, is fitted and slides against the rail with the female element performing continuous and subsequent assembly of the components of the building system to form a structural configuration with permanent formwork molds multi-perforated with all interior hollow cavities communicated with each other and whose front and back walls of the mold are multiperforated permanent formwork. 
         [0031]    In the cavities of the mold structure of permanent formwork can be poured concrete or other aggregate, through multiperforated surface the poured concrete will have the effect of “spring and impregnating the multiperforated surfaces” thus generating a new texture to the surface covering and hiding to the structure of permanent formwork mold. The permanent formwork covered by the concrete cover on its front and back faces are able to have any additional finishing either smooth, textured, etched or adding another material. 
         [0032]    Walls obtained by the modular construction system of permanent formwork forming the building can be blind, comprise windows, doors, openings for air conditioning; since the plurality of arrangements between panels and thermoplastic elements interconnected internal cavities are formed, these allow you to place covertly to sight, electrical, voice, data wiring, water, sanitary facilities. Besides, you can structurally reinforce the system installing rods in the cavities or a commercial structural shape vertically or horizontally according to the needs of the construction project system. 
         [0033]    The modular construction system of permanent formwork multiperforated for reinforced concrete is designed for construction and buildings of all kinds, where all components of the modular construction system can be manufactured, cut and sectioned according to the needs of the construction project. 
         [0034]    The modular construction system of multiperforated permanent formwork for reinforced concrete configured and described provides structural properties because of being formed as a structural element in itself and comprise a solid and reinforced structure, increasing its capacities, mechanical strength, and is also easy to manufacture, easy to transport and maneuver, easy to install and can be used on any type of construction. 
     
    
     
       DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0035]      FIG. 1  schematically shows a perspective view of the modular flat multi-perforated profile with partially increased details illustrating the different types and arrangements of multi-perforated and partially enlarged details showing the female and male coupling means. 
           [0036]      FIG. 2  shows a top plan view multi-perforated modular profile of  FIG. 1 , with partially enlarged of the coupling means of female and male type. 
           [0037]      FIG. 3  shows the perspective view of the modular corner connector profile with partially enlarged details illustrating the different types and arrangements of multi-perforated, and partially enlarged details showing the male and female coupling types. 
           [0038]      FIG. 4  shows a top view of the modular profile multi-perforated corner connector of  FIG. 3  with partially enlarged details showing the female and male coupling means. 
           [0039]      FIG. 5  schematically shows a perspective view of a flat profile modular connector of the construction system. 
           [0040]      FIG. 6  schematically shows the top view of the modular flat profile of  FIG. 5 . 
           [0041]      FIG. 7  shows the perspective view of the modular connector multi-perforated profile with partially enlarged details showing different types and arrangements of multi-perforated and partially enlarged details of the coupling means of female and male type. 
           [0042]      FIG. 8  shows a top view of the modular connector multi-perforated flat profile of  FIG. 7  with details partially enlarged of the female and male coupling means. 
           [0043]      FIG. 9  shows the perspective view of the modular panel multi-perforated with partially enlarged details and arrangement of multi-perforated at their anterior and posterior surface, and partially enlarged details showing the female and male coupling means. 
           [0044]      FIG. 10  shows schematically the top view of the modular multi-perforated panel of  FIG. 9  with partially enlarged details of female and male couplings. 
           [0045]      FIG. 11  shows the perspective view of a portion of assembly section of the mold structure multi-perforated permanent formwork, comprises components of flat profile and flat connecting components with partially enlarged drawings of the female and male coupling means. Also it shows the assembly of tongue and groove coupling means, wherein the male type is snapped, slid and locked against the female type element. 
           [0046]      FIG. 12  shows the perspective view of a section of the assembly of permanent formwork mold comprises flat components, flat connectors and components panel-shaped components, with the partially enlarged details of  FIG. 10  shows schematically the top view of the modular multi-perforated panel of  FIG. 9  with partially enlarged female coupling means and male type details. 
           [0047]      FIG. 13  is a perspective view of an assembly section of the mold structure of permanent formwork mold and comprises flat components pads connectors, panel components and corner shaped components, with partially enlarged details of dovetail type assembly coupling means, wherein the male type is snapped, slid and locked against the female type element. 
           [0048]      FIG. 14  shows the perspective view of a section of the modular construction system assembly of permanent mold structure formwork for reinforced concrete, comprising flat structural components, flat connector components, corners components, panel-shaped components, elements of vertical and horizontal structural reinforcements, besides concrete poured into the hollow cavities, showing the behavior of the permanent concrete hiding the permanent multiperforated formwork in the front and back surfaces of the permanent formwork. 
           [0049]      FIG. 15  schematically shows the perspective view of a portion of assembly section of the modular structure of a permanent multiperforated mold for reinforced concrete formwork modular construction system, comprising: flat structural components, flat connector components corner connector components, panel shaped components, commercial standards structural elements and reinforcements placed vertically and horizontally, poured concrete in the hollow cavities, showing in particular the behavior of the concrete in the rear face was multiperforated which hides the permanent formwork and displaying multiperforated front face of the permanent formwork which is smooth with plastic finish. 
           [0050]      FIG. 16  shows the perspective view of a section of assembly of a mold structure permanent formwork of the modular construction system of permanent formwork multiperforated for reinforced concrete, comprising flat structural components, flat connector components, corner shaped connecting components, panel-shaped components, vertical and horizontal elements of structural reinforcements, thermoacoustic insulation cores, poured concrete in the hollow cavities, showing in particular the behavior of concrete in the faces with multiperforation. 
           [0051]      FIG. 17  shows the perspective view of a portion of assembly mold structure permanent formwork of the modular construction system permanent formwork multiperforated for reinforced concrete comprising flat structural components, flat connector components, corner connectors components, panel shaped components, vertical and horizontal and structural elements and reinforcements, thermoacoustic insulation cores, poured concrete in the hollow cavities, the new texture generated on the surface and some of the different types of additional finishing that can receive the new texture. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
       [0052]    The characteristic details of the modular construction system of permanent formwork perforated for reinforced concrete are shown in the following illustrative description and accompanying drawings, serving the same reference signs to indicate the same parts. 
         [0053]    As shown in  FIGS. 1 and 2 , a flat support rail multiperforated  10  comprising an elongated longitudinal surface  11  multiperforated  15  this can be of different types  15   a,    15   b,    15   c,    15   d  strategically distributed on the surface  11 , the ends perpendicular to the multi-edge surface  11  with a longitudinal extension all along rail geometrically defined as female element  13  may be of the  13   th  or  13   b,  the remaining end in the longitudinal rail such that plug  12  may be  12   a  or  12   b  of the type, such as coupling means, and interlocking crimp, the width of the multi-longitudinal surface  11  comprises a plurality of longitudinal T-shaped rails  14  to engage the flat plugs. 
         [0054]    With reference to  FIGS. 3 and 4  show a modular connector multiperforated corners profile  40  with hollow cavity  22  characterized by comprising two longitudinal elongated faces  23  interconnected with perpendicular cut longitudinally distributed plus  17  comprise two parallel longitudinal cores  31  eyebrows crossing to the surface  23 , an elongated longitudinal side semicircular  32  multiperforated  15  this can be of different types of multiperforated  15   a,    15   b,    15   c,    15   d,  said multiperforated modular connector  40  in one of the perpendicular longitudinal sides  23  has an integrated two rails geometrically defined as female element  13  which may be of the type  13   a  or  13   b,  in the rest face  23  has two rails integrated geometrically defined as male element  12  which may be of the type  12   a  or  12   b,  such as means of coupling and interlocking crimp. 
         [0055]    As shown in  FIGS. 5 and 6 , a flat modular connector profile  20  characterized by comprising an elongated longitudinal surface  16  with sections of cores cut  17  longitudinally distributed strategically, eyebrows  31  parallel longitudinal crossing the surface  16 , plus comprise edge at both ends of coupling means, shaped longitudinal U-shaped rail with extended edges  18  inwards. 
         [0056]    Referring to  FIGS. 7 and 8 , a modular plug plane rectangular multiperforated  50  characterized by comprising a front wall  11 , a rear wall  11 ,  15  which can both be multiperforated  15   a,    15   b,    15   c,    15   d  on the surface distributed type  11  longitudinal ribs  21  sections cut  17  cores distributed longitudinally, the walls  11  and ribs  21  form a hollow cavity  22 , said flat modular connector multiperforated  50  in a rib  21  I have built two rails geometrically defined as female member  13  which may be of the type  13   a  or  13   b , the remaining rib has two rails integrated geometrically defined as male element  12  which may be of the type  12   a  or  12   b,  such as means of coupling and interlocking crimp. 
         [0057]    Referring to  FIGS. 9 and 10 , a modular panel  30  multiperforated characterized by comprising a rectangular configuration, a front wall  19  with longitudinal multiperforated  15 , a rear wall  19  with longitudinal multiperforated  15 , which may be of the type  15   a,    15   b,    15   c  ,  15   d  distributed strategically, a plurality of longitudinal ribs  21  sections cut longitudinally  17  cores distributed strategically, you also have  31  parallel longitudinal eyebrows crossing to the surface  21 , in the configuration of walls  19  and ribs  21  rectangular form hollow cavities  22  connected to one another, said modular panel  30  in a rib  21  has two rails integrated geometrically defined as female element  13  which may be of the type  13   a  or  13   b,  the remaining two rails integrated rib has geometrically defined as male element  12  which may be of the type  12   a  or  12   b,  such as coupling means, and interlocking crimp. 
         [0058]    Referring to  FIG. 11 , a section of assembly consists of six modular profiles multiperforated plates  10 , eighteen connector pads  20  and a modular connector plane multiperforated  50 , which when assembled is shown subsequently will form a mold structure of permanent formwork with cavities RHS  22  interconnected with multiperforated surfaces  15 ,  17  cut type cores and assembly of the male elements  12  and female  13 . 
         [0059]    Referring to  FIG. 12 , a section formed by modular assembly profiles shown multiperforated plates  10 ,  20  flat connectors, modular connectors multiperforated flat profiles  50 , panel-shaped components  30  which are subsequently to be assembled to form a mold structure permanent formwork with hollow rectangular cavities  22  interconnected with multiperforated surfaces  15 ,  17  cut type cores and assembly of the male elements  13  and female  12 . 
         [0060]    Referring to  FIG. 13 , a section formed by modular assembly multiperforated profiles  10  is shown flat, modular connectors multiperforated corner profiles  40 ,  20  flat connectors, modular connectors multiperforated flat profiles  50 , panel-shaped components  30  which when assembled will subsequently forming a mold structure with permanent formwork hollow rectangular cavities  22  interconnected with multiperforated surfaces  15 ,  17  cut type cores and assembly of the male elements  13  and female  12 . 
         [0061]    Referring to  FIGS. 14 ,  15 ,  16  and  17  a section of the assembly mold structure multiperforated permanent formwork for reinforced concrete formed by the multi-perforated plates  10 ,  20  flat profiles connectors, modular panels  30  multiperforated shown modular profiles, modular connectors multiperforated corner profiles  40  and  50  modular connectors multiperforated planes, which when assembled subsequently one after another, these system components give form to a mold structure permanent formwork for reinforced concrete hollow cavities  22  interconnected to each other, where front and back faces of this structure may be with multiperforated  15 , this mold structure permanent formwork generated in the assembly is reinforced with structural elements  24  can be vertically and horizontally, in addition to the alternative of adding cores thermo acoustic insulation  25  in the hollow cavities  22 ,  34  then spreads concrete mold cavities in these permanent formwork, where for the concrete surfaces  15  multiperforated spread  34  “and will generate” a new texture to the surface  26 , covering and hiding the permanent mold structure formwork, this structure in its front and rear surfaces as the construction project can be on one side of the form  26  and the remaining side of the finish surface can be smooth plastic surfaces  27 . Specifically generated  26  were able to make any type of finish either smooth flattened type  26 ,  29  generate a textured surface, attach other material  45  as additional finishing.