Abstract:
Systems and methods for adaptive streaming with augmented video stream transitions in accordance with embodiments of the invention are disclosed. In one embodiment of the invention, a network client includes memory containing a video decoder application, an image processing application, and a client application and a processor, wherein the video decoder application configures the processor to decode video data for display, wherein the image processor application configures the processor to render an image for display, wherein the client application configures the processor to receive a first stream of video data, play the first stream of video data, detect a change in streaming conditions, request a second stream of video data, render an image for display, receive the second stream of video data, and play the second stream of video data, and coordinates the display of the image between the first stream of video and the second video stream.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0001]    The present invention is directed, in general, to systems and methods for streaming data over a network and more specifically to systems and methods for streaming video data over a network utilizing adaptive streaming techniques. 
       BACKGROUND 
       [0002]    The term streaming media describes the playback of media on a playback device, where the media is stored on a server and continuously sent to the playback device over a network during playback. Typically, the playback device stores a sufficient quantity of media in a buffer at any given time during playback to prevent disruption of playback due to the playback device completing playback of all the buffered media prior to receipt of the next portion of media. Adaptive bit rate streaming or adaptive streaming involves detecting the present streaming conditions (e.g. the user&#39;s network bandwidth and CPU capacity) in real time and adjusting the quality of the streamed media accordingly. Streaming video over the Internet has become a phenomenon in modern times. Many popular websites, such as YouTube, a service of Google, Inc. of Mountain View, Calif., and WatchESPN, a service of ESPN of Bristol, Conn., utilize streaming video in order to provide video and television programming to consumers via the Internet. 
         [0003]    Scalable Video Coding (SVC) is an extension of the H.264/MPEG-4 AVC video compression standard, which is specified by the ITU-T H.264 standard by the International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Standardization Sector of Geneva, Switzerland. SVC enables the encoding of a video bitstream that additionally contains one or more sub-bitstreams. The sub-bitstreams are derived from the video bitstream by dropping packets of data from the video bitstream, resulting in a sub-bitstream of lower quality and lower bandwidth than the original video bitstream. SVC supports three forms of scaling a video bitstream into sub-bitstreams: temporal scaling, spatial scaling, and quality scaling. Each of these scaling techniques can be used individually or combined depending on the specific video system. 
         [0004]    In adaptive streaming systems, the source media is typically stored on a media server as a top level index file pointing to a number of alternate streams that contain the actual video and audio data. Each stream is typically stored in one or more container files. Different adaptive streaming solutions typically utilize different index and media containers. The Matroska container is a media container developed as an open standard project by the Matroska non-profit organization of Aussonne, France. The Matroska container is based upon Extensible Binary Meta Language (EBML), which is a binary derivative of the Extensible Markup Language (XML). Decoding of the Matroska container is supported by many consumer electronics (CE) devices. The DivX Plus file format developed by DivX, LLC of San Diego, Calif. utilizes an extension of the Matroska container format, including elements that are not specified within the Matroska format. 
         [0005]    A digital image is a digital representation of an image. Digital images usually include a fixed number of pixels arranged in rows and columns in order to form a two-dimensional image. Digital images may exist as uncompressed bitmaps, or may be compressed using a variety of techniques and stored in a variety of formats, such as the Graphics Interchange Format (GIF), developed by CompuServe of Columbus, Ohio, the Joint Photographic Experts Group format (JPEG), developed by the Joint Photographic Experts Group of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), both of Geneva, Switzerland, or the Portable Network Graphics (PNG) format, standardized as ISO/IEC 15948 by the ISO and IEC of Geneva, Switzerland. Other image compression techniques can be utilized as appropriate to the requirements of a specific application. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0006]    Systems and methods for adaptive streaming with augmented video stream transitions in accordance with embodiments of the invention are disclosed. In one embodiment of the invention, a network client includes memory containing a video decoder application, an image processing application, and a client application and a processor, wherein the video decoder application configures the processor to decode video data for display, wherein the image processor application configures the processor to render an image for display using image data, wherein the client application configures the processor to receive a first stream of video data, play the first stream of video data using the video decoder, detect a change in streaming conditions, request a second stream of video data, render an image for display using the image processor. receive the second stream of video data, and play the second stream of video data using the video decoder, and wherein the client application coordinates the display of the rendered image between a last frame of the first stream of video played back by the network client and a first frame of the second stream of video data played back by the network client. 
         [0007]    In another embodiment of the invention, the client application configures the processor to receive the image for display from a media server. 
         [0008]    In an additional embodiment of the invention the first stream of video data includes a first group of pictures, where the first group of pictures includes a first frame and a last frame and the client application configures the processor to generate the image for display using the first group of pictures. 
         [0009]    In yet another additional embodiment of the invention, the image for display is generated using the last frame of the first group of pictures. 
         [0010]    In still another additional embodiment of the invention, the second stream of video data includes a second group of pictures, where the second group of pictures includes a first frame and a last frame and the client application configures the processor to generate the image for display using the second group of pictures. 
         [0011]    In yet still another additional embodiment of the invention, the image for display is generated using the first frame of the second group of pictures. 
         [0012]    In yet another embodiment of the invention, the image for display is pre-computed. 
         [0013]    In still another embodiment of the invention, the image for display is determined in real time. 
         [0014]    In yet still another embodiment of the invention, the video decoder is implemented using the processor. 
         [0015]    In yet another additional embodiment of the invention, the image processor is implemented using the processor. 
         [0016]    Still another embodiment of the invention includes augmented video transitions using a network client configured to receive streams of video data, including receiving a first stream of video data using a network client, playing the first stream of video data using the network client, detecting a change in streaming conditions using the network client, requesting a second stream of video data using the network client, rendering an image for display using the network client, and receiving a second stream of video data using the network client, and playing the second stream of video data using the network client, wherein the displayed image is displayed between a last frame of the first stream of video data displayed and a first frame of the second video stream displayed. 
         [0017]    In yet another additional embodiment of the invention, augmented video transitions further include receiving the image for display using the network client. 
         [0018]    In still another additional embodiment of the invention, the first stream of video data includes a first group of pictures, where the first group of pictures includes a first frame and a last frame and generating the image for display further includes using the first group of pictures to generate the image for display. 
         [0019]    In yet still another additional embodiment of the invention, generating the image for display utilizes the last frame of the first group of pictures. 
         [0020]    In yet another embodiment of the invention, the second stream of video data includes a second group of pictures, where the second group of pictures includes a first frame and a last frame and generating the image for display further includes using the second group of pictures to generate the image for display. 
         [0021]    In still another embodiment of the invention, generating the image for display utilizes the first frame of the second group of pictures. 
         [0022]    In yet still another embodiment of the invention, the image for display is pre-computed. 
         [0023]    In yet another additional embodiment of the invention, augmented video transitions further include determining the image for display in real time using the network client. 
         [0024]    In still another additional embodiment of the invention, augmented video transitions further include resizing the image for display using the network client. 
         [0025]    Still another embodiment of the invention includes a machine readable medium containing processor instructions, where execution of the instructions by a processor causes the processor to perform a process including receiving a first stream of video data, playing the first stream of video data, detecting a change in streaming conditions, requesting a second stream of video data, rendering an image for display, receiving a second stream of video data, and playing the second stream of video data, wherein the displayed image is displayed between a last frame of the first stream of video data displayed and a first frame of the second video stream displayed. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0026]      FIG. 1  is a system diagram of a system for streaming video data in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. 
           [0027]      FIG. 2  conceptually illustrates a network client configured to perform dynamic video scaling in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. 
           [0028]      FIG. 3  is a flow chart illustrating a process for server-based augmented video stream transitions in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. 
           [0029]      FIG. 4  is a flow chart illustrating a process for client-based augmented video stream transitions in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0030]    Turning now to the drawings, systems and methods for adaptive streaming with augmented video stream transitions in accordance with embodiments of the invention are disclosed. Adaptive streaming systems are configured to stream multimedia content encoded at different maximum bitrates and resolutions over a network, such as the Internet. Adaptive streaming systems stream the highest quality multimedia content which can be supported based upon current streaming conditions. Multimedia content typically includes video and audio data, subtitles, and other related metadata. In order to provide the highest quality video experience independent of the network data rate, adaptive bitrate streaming systems are configured to switch between the available sources of video data throughout the delivery of the video data according to a variety of factors, including, but not limited to, the available network data rate and video decoder performance. When streaming conditions deteriorate, an adaptive bitrate streaming system typically attempts to switch to multimedia stream(s) encoded at lower maximum bitrates. In the event that the available network data rate cannot support streaming of the stream(s) encoded at the lowest maximum bitrate, then playback is often disrupted until a sufficient amount of content can be buffered to restart playback. When displaying a video stream, adaptive bitrate streaming systems often initialize a video decoder in order to decode and display the video stream. The process of initializing a video decoder may result in unwanted visual disturbances (particularly on resource constrained devices). Adaptive bitrate streaming systems in accordance with embodiments of the invention can utilize augmented video stream transitions to display an image when switching between video streams in order to obscure any visual disruptions and provide an improved user experience. Systems and methods for switching between video streams during playback that can be adapted to include augmented video stream transitions in accordance with embodiments of the invention are described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/221,682 entitled “Systems and Methods for Adaptive Bitrate Streaming of Media Stored in Matroska Container Files Using Hypertext Transfer Protocol” to Braness et al., filed Aug. 30, 2011, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. A variety of methods may be utilized in accordance with embodiments of the invention in order to generate the image displayed during video stream transitions, such as retrieving the image from a media server or capturing the currently displayed image on a network client. Systems and methods for adaptive bitrate streaming with augmented video stream transitions in accordance with embodiments of the invention are discussed further below. 
       System Overview 
       [0031]    Video data networks in accordance with embodiments of the invention are configured to adapt the bitrate of the video transmitted to network clients based on streaming conditions. A video data network in accordance with an embodiment of the invention is illustrated in  FIG. 1 . The illustrated video data network  10  includes a video source  100 . In a number of embodiments of the invention, the video source  100  contains pre-encoded video data encoded at multiple bitrates and resolutions for adaptive bitrate streaming. In several embodiments of the invention, the video source encodes video data in real time. In many embodiments of the invention, the video source contains video data encoded utilizing Scalable Video Coding (SVC). In a number of embodiments, the video source contains multiple streams with equal timelines as video data. The video source  100  is connected to a network renderer  102 . In many embodiments, the video source  100  and the network renderer  102  are implemented using a media server. The network renderer  102  is connected to a plurality of network clients  104  via a network  110 . The network renderer  102  is configured to stream video data to one or more network clients  104 . 
         [0032]    In many embodiments of the invention, the network renderer  102  is implemented using a single machine. In several embodiments of the invention, the network renderer is implemented using a plurality of machines. In many embodiments of the invention, the network renderer and the video source are implemented using a media server. In many embodiments, the network  110  is the Internet. In several embodiments, the network  110  is any IP network. In a number of embodiments, the network  110  is a cellular data network. 
         [0033]    The network clients  104  each contain a video decoder  106 , an image processor  107 , and a client application  108 . Network clients  104  are configured to decode video streams using the video decoder  106  and to display images using the image processor  107 . In many embodiments, the network clients  104  are configured to switch between video streams based on a variety of factors, including the performance of the network connection and the performance of the video decoder  106 . In several embodiments, switching between video streams causes visual disturbances. In a number of embodiments, the network clients  104  are configured to retrieve an image from the network renderer  102  and display the retrieved image using the image processor  107  while switching between video streams. In several embodiments, the network clients  104  are configured to retrieve an image from the video decoder  106  and display the retrieved image using the image processor  107  while switching between video streams. In many embodiments, the client application  108  is configured to control the creation and termination of the video decoder  106  and/or the image processor  107 . In several embodiments, the client application controls the playback of video streams using the video decoder  106  and/or the image processor  107 . In a number of embodiments, the client application  108  controls the display of an image between the last frame of a first stream of video played back by the network client and the first frame of a second video stream played back by the network client. 
         [0034]    In many embodiments of the invention, network clients can include consumer electronics devices such as DVD players, Blu-ray players, televisions, set top boxes, video game consoles, tablets, and other devices that are capable of connecting to a server and playing back encoded media. The basic architecture of a network client in accordance with an embodiment of the invention is illustrated in  FIG. 2 . The network client  200  includes a processor  210  in communication with non-volatile memory  230  and volatile memory  220 . In the illustrated embodiment, the non-volatile memory includes a video decoder  232  that configures the processor to decode scalable video data, an image processor  234  which is configured to display images, and a client application  236  configured to create, operate, and terminate the video decoder  232  and/or the image processor  234 . In many embodiments of the invention, the image processor  234  is configured to decoded encoded images for display. In several embodiments, the video decoder  232 , the image processor  234 , and/or the client application  236  are implemented using the processor  210 . The network client  200  also includes a network interface  240  configured to send and receive data over a network connection. In a number of embodiments, the network interface  240  is in communication with the processor  210 , the non-volatile memory  230 , and the volatile memory  220 . 
         [0035]    In many embodiments of the invention, the network client  200  includes multiple processors. In several embodiments, the video decoder  232 , the image processor  234 , and/or the client application  236  are utilize separate processors. In a number of embodiments, the video decoder  232 , the image processor  234 , and/or the client application  236  are implemented using dedicated hardware. Although a specific network client architecture is illustrated in  FIG. 2 , any of a variety of architectures including architectures where the video decoder is located on disk or some other form of storage and is loaded into volatile memory at runtime can be utilized to implement network clients for use in adaptive video data streaming systems with augmented video transitions in accordance with embodiments of the invention. 
         [0036]    Although a specific architecture of a video data network is shown in  FIG. 1 , other implementations appropriate to a specific application can be utilized in accordance with embodiments of the invention. Processes for streaming video data with augmented video stream transitions in accordance with embodiments of the invention are discussed further below. 
       Server-Based Augmented Video Stream Transitions 
       [0037]    While playing back streamed video data, network clients often switch between video streams based on network conditions or video decoder performance in order to ensure smooth video playback. However, many network clients experience delays or visual disturbances when transitioning between video streams, such as when the video decoder is initialized in order to display the new video stream or when the network data rate drops to a point where the throughput of the network is insufficient to support streaming video data and the system buffers data sufficient to resume playback of the video stream. A process for sever-based augmented video stream transitions for use in adaptive streaming systems with augmented video stream transitions in accordance with an embodiment of the invention is illustrated in  FIG. 3 . The process  300  includes streaming ( 310 ) video. In many embodiments, the video is streamed ( 310 ) between a media server and a network client. The video is displayed ( 311 ). When a determination is made that a video stream change is needed ( 312 ), the process initiates a stream transition. In a number of embodiments, the video stream transition is based on network conditions and/or the performance of the network client. The network client retrieves ( 314 ) an image from the media server. In several embodiments, the image retrieved ( 314 ) corresponds to the first frame of a group of pictures. In many embodiments, the image retrieved ( 314 ) corresponds to the last frame of a group of pictures. In several embodiments, the image retrieved ( 314 ) corresponds to the last frame of video displayed ( 311 ) to the network client. In a number of embodiments, the image retrieved ( 314 ) is created by the media server at the time the image is retrieved. In many embodiments, the image retrieved ( 314 ) is pre-computed and stored on the media server. In a number of embodiments, the image retrieved ( 314 ) is retrieved from a separate image server. In several embodiments, the image retrieved ( 314 ) has been created according to the resolution of the streaming video ( 310 ). In a number of embodiments, the image retrieved ( 314 ) has been created according to the highest resolution of the adaptive stream videos. 
         [0038]    In several embodiments, the network client resizes ( 315 ) the image. In many embodiments, the image is resized ( 315 ) such that it matches the resolution of the last video frame. In a number of embodiments, the image is resized ( 315 ) such that it matches the resolution of the first video frame of the next group of frames. The network client displays ( 316 ) the image. In a number of embodiments, the network client displays ( 316 ) the image using an image processor. As the image is displayed, the network client ( 318 ) prepares to receive media from a second video stream. In a number of embodiments, the second video stream is at a different resolution than the first video stream. In several embodiments, changing ( 318 ) the video stream involves initializing a video decoder. Initializing a video decoder can create visual disturbances, such as displaying video artifacts or resetting a display device. In several embodiments, visual disturbances are avoided by displaying an image using an image processor. The network client resumes ( 320 ) streaming video and stops displaying the image. In a number of embodiments, by displaying an image while changing to the second video stream, any visual artifacts caused by changing video streams are not displayed on the network client. 
         [0039]    Although a specific method for server-based augmented video stream transitions for use in adaptive streaming systems with augmented video stream transitions is illustrated in  FIG. 3 , other implementations can be utilized in accordance with embodiments of the invention. Processes for client-based augmented video stream transitions for use in adaptive streaming systems with augmented video stream transitions in accordance with embodiments of the invention are discussed further below. 
       Client-Based Augmented Video Stream Transitions 
       [0040]    While playing back streamed video data, network clients often switch between video streams based on network conditions or video decoder performance in order to ensure smooth video playback. While switching between video streams, augmented video stream transitions may be implemented using the network client. A process for client-based augmented video stream transitions for use in adaptive streaming systems in accordance with an embodiment of the invention is illustrated in  FIG. 4 . The process  400  includes streaming ( 410 ) video. In many embodiments, the video is streamed ( 410 ) between a media server and a network client. The video is displayed ( 411 ). When a determination is made that a video stream change is needed ( 412 ), the processes initiates a stream transition. In a number of embodiments, the video stream change is based on network conditions and/or the performance of the network client. In several embodiments, a network client may be unable to retrieve an image from a media server for a variety of reasons, including network conditions and/or the performance of the network client. Therefore, the network client captures ( 414 ) an image. In several embodiments, the network client always captures an image irrespective of whether the network conditions would support downloading of a pre-generated image from a remote server. In many embodiments, the captured ( 414 ) image is the image currently being displayed ( 411 ) by the network client. In several embodiments, the image is captured ( 414 ) directly from a display buffer. In many embodiments, the captured ( 414 ) image is uncompressed. In several embodiments, the captured ( 414 ) image is compressed using an image compression technique, such as (but not limited to) the Graphics Interchange Format (GIF), the Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) format, or the Portable Network Graphics (PNG) format. In a number of embodiments, the image ( 414 ) corresponds to a frame in the received streamed video data. In many embodiments, the captured ( 414 ) image is the first frame of a group of pictures. In several embodiments, the captured ( 414 ) image is the last frame of a group of pictures. 
         [0041]    The network client displays ( 416 ) the image. In a number of embodiments, the network client displays ( 416 ) the image using an image processor. In many embodiments, an image processor is implemented using a processor configured to display images in a specified format. The network client changes ( 418 ) to a second video stream. In a number of embodiments, the second video stream is at a different resolution than the first video stream. In several embodiments, changing ( 418 ) the video stream involves initializing a video decoder. In many embodiments, initializing a video decoder creates visual disturbances, such as displaying video artifacts or resetting a display device. In several embodiments, visual disturbances caused by the video decoder do not affect the display of an image using an image processor. The network client resumes ( 420 ) streaming video. In a number of embodiments, by displaying an image while changing to the second video stream, any visual artifacts that would otherwise be displayed when changing between video streams are not displayed on the network client. A specific method for client-based augmented video stream transitions for use in adaptive streaming systems with augmented video stream transitions is illustrated in  FIG. 4 ; however, other implementations can be utilized in accordance with embodiments of the invention. 
         [0042]    Although the present invention has been described in certain specific aspects, many additional modifications and variations would be apparent to those skilled in the art. It is therefore to be understood that the present invention may be practiced otherwise than specifically described without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention. Thus, embodiments of the present invention should be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive. Accordingly, the scope of the invention should be determined not by the embodiments illustrated, but by the appended claims and their equivalents.