Abstract:
A magnetic flux generating device is provided. The magnetic flux generating device includes: a magnetic flux structure, including: a core and at least one coil wraps around at least part of the core; and a power module, electrically coupled between a power source and the magnetic flux structure, for exciting the magnetic flux structure to generate magnetic flux, the power module including: an energy storage device for storing power outputted from the power source and providing power to the magnetic flux structure. The energy storage device includes at least one super capacitor. A magnetic heat pump based on the magnetic flux generating device is also provided.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This Non-provisional application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119(a) on Provisional Patent Application No. 61/316,252, filed in United State of America on Mar. 22, 2010, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    1. Field of the Invention 
         [0003]    The invention relates to a magnetic flux generating device, and more specifically, to a magnetic flux generating device capable of providing high magnetic flux. 
         [0004]    2. Description of the Related Art 
         [0005]    Electromagnets are popularly used for generating a magnetic field. The electromagnet is different from the permanent magnet in that the magnetic field of the electromagnet can be eliminated when cutting off the power provided to it. 
         [0006]    According to electromagnetic theory and Ampere&#39;s law, a magnetic field (measured as quantity of magnetic flux) can be generated by applying currents to a copper wire wrapped around a paramagnetic material made of iron or soft iron, and the magnitude of a magnetic field is related to the number of circles (or the windings) of the copper wire, and quantity of current provided to the copper wire. In prior art, the electromagnet requires more windings and greater currents to generate higher magnetic field. 
         [0007]    However, requiring more windings and greater currents means higher cost, poor reliability and less safety. Thus, it is desirable to have a magnetic flux generating device, for example, used in a magnetic heat pump, for generating greater magnetic flux without the previously mentioned deficiencies. 
       BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0008]    The present invention provides a magnetic flux generating device, comprising: a magnetic flux structure, comprising: a core and at least one coil wraps around at least a part of the core; and a power module, electrically coupled between a power source and the magnetic flux structure, for exciting the magnetic flux structure to generate magnetic flux, the power module comprising: an energy storage device for storing power outputted from the power source and providing power to the magnetic flux structure. 
         [0009]    The present invention also provides a magnetic heat pump, comprising: a magnetic flux structure, comprising: a core; at least one coil, wrapping around at least a part of the core; a power module, electrically coupled between a power source and the magnetic flux structure, for exciting the magnetic flux structure to generate magnetic flux, the power module comprising: an energy storage device, comprising at least one super capacitor, for storing power outputted from the power source and providing power to the magnetic flux structure; and a heat pump module, comprising: a magnetic bed, embedded in at least a part of the core, for generating or absorbing heat through being magnetized or demagnetized by the magnetic flux flowing through the core; and a heat exchange piping loop, coupled among the magnetic bed, a first heat exchanger, and a second heat exchanger, for transferring the heat among the magnetic bed, the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger. 
         [0010]    A detailed description is given in the following embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0011]    The present invention can be more fully understood by reading the subsequent detailed description and examples with references made to the accompanying drawings, wherein: 
           [0012]      FIG. 1  is a schematic diagram showing the power module of the present invention; 
           [0013]      FIG. 2  is a schematic diagram showing the magnetic flux generating device according to the first embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0014]      FIG. 3  is a schematic diagram showing the magnetic flux generating device according to the second embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0015]      FIG. 4  is a schematic diagram showing the magnetic flux generating device according to the third embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0016]      FIG. 5  is a schematic diagram showing the magnetic flux generating device according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention; and 
           [0017]      FIG. 6  is a schematic diagram showing a magnetic heat pump according to an embodiment of the present invention. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0018]    The following description is of the best-contemplated mode of carrying out the invention. This description is made for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the invention and should not be taken in a limiting sense. The scope of the invention is best determined by reference to the appended claims. 
         [0019]    Power Module 
         [0020]    With reference to  FIG. 1 , a power module of the present invention is shown. The power module  1  is electrically coupled to an outer or external power source S. The power module  1  comprises an energy storage device  11 , a power supplying circuit  13 , and a switch  15 . The power source S is, for example, an AC output, a DC output, a portable battery set, or the like, which outputs power for working to the power module  1 . The energy storage device  11 , electrically coupled to the power source S, is made of a high volume storage container or media. To absorb power outputted from the power source S with low current in a relative long time period and provide power to the other circuits (not shown in  FIG. 1 ) with high current in a relative much shorter time period, the energy storage device  11  of the present invention comprises at least one super capacitor. The super capacitor here will be further discussed later. The power supplying circuit  13  is electrically coupled between the power source S and the energy storage device  11 , and is used to control power inputting and/or outputting from the power source S, charging and/or recharging of the energy storage device  11 , and other possible electrical activities that users require. The switch  15 , electrically coupled to the energy storage device  11 , may be controlled by an external controlling unit (not shown) or an internal control unit, such as the power supplying circuit  13 . However, the present invention is not limited to any particular power supplying circuit. Rather, alternative circuit designs are possible, which are known by people having ordinary skills in the art. 
         [0021]    The power module  1  is powered by the power source S, and is operated with the power supplying circuit  13 . When the power of the power source S is inputted to the power module  1 , the energy storage device  11  stores the power outputted from the power source S under control of the power supplying circuit  13 . When the power source S is cut off, the energy storage device  11  can be seen as an alternative and new power source. The super capacitor, also known as an electric double-layer capacitor (EDLC), is an element which generally has lower internal resistance and higher energy density than other kinds of known energy storage devices. The super capacitor of the present invention, including lithium ion capacitors (also know as a “hybrid capacitor”), has energy density greater than 136 W·h/kg. This kind of super-capacitor-based energy storage device  11 , when recharged, can restore more energy with a smaller current in a relative long time period, and, when discharged, can release more energy with a greater current in a relative much shorter time period. The brilliant charging and discharging performance is an important reason why the super capacitor is appropriate to be used as the energy storage device in the invention. In other embodiments, the energy storage device may be composed of super capacitors, or a combination of the super capacitors and the ordinary capacitors. The switch  15  is an electrical gate between the power module  1  and an external device (not shown in  FIG. 1 ), and is under control of the external controlling unit (not shown in  FIG. 1 ) or the internal controller, such as the power supplying circuit  13 . Hence, when the switch  15  is opened, the power module  1  does not power the external device (not shown in  FIG. 1 ) through the switch  15 . On the other hand, only when the switch  15  is closed, will the power module  1  power the external device through the switch  15 . Thus, the terms “opened” and “closed” will be defined as mentioned through the specification of the invention hereafter. Those skilled in the art can easily control the power outputting from the power module  1  by controlling the external controlling unit or the internal controller, such as the power supplying circuit  13 . 
         [0022]    The power module  1  can further comprise a diode  12 . For example, the diode  12  is electrically coupled between the power supplying circuit  13  and the energy storage device  11 . Hence, when the energy storage device  11  is recharged by the power source S under control of the power supplying circuit  13 , the diode  12  prevents currents from flowing back from the energy storage device  11  to the power supplying circuit  13 . With the diode  12 , the process of recharging can be safely finished. Further, when the power source S is cut off, the energy storage device  11  can be seen as an alternative and new power source, and is discharged under control of the switch  15 . When the switch  15  is closed, the diode  12  forces the current to flow out to the external device (not shown in  FIG. 1 ). However, the diode  12  is an optional function element, which can be integrated into the power supplying circuit  13 . 
       Embodiment I of Magnetic Flux Generating Device 
       [0023]    With reference to  FIG. 2 , a magnetic flux generating device  2  according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. The magnetic flux generating device  2  comprises a magnetic flux structure and a power module  20  which is electrically coupled between an outer power source S and the magnetic flux structure  27 . The power module  20 , as the power module  1  of  FIG. 1  which we had discussed previously, comprises an energy storage device  21 , a power supplying circuit  23 , a switch  25 , and a diode  22  (optional). The magnetic flux structure  27 , as the other circuit or the external device which we had discussed previously, is electrically coupled to the power module  20  and is used to be excited by the power module  20  to generate a magnetic flux. In one embodiment, the magnetic flux structure  27  comprises a coil  271  (or a solenoid). However, in another embodiment, the magnetic flux structure  27  may further comprise a core  273  which is partly wrapped by the coil  271 . The core  273  is used for guiding the generated magnetic flux. The core  273 , for example, is made of soft iron or magnetic conducting material. 
       Embodiment II of Magnetic Flux Generating Device 
       [0024]    With reference to  FIG. 3 , a magnetic flux generating device  3  according to another embodiment of the present invention is shown. In this embodiment, the magnetic flux generating device  3  comprises a power module  30  electrically coupled between an outer power source S and a magnetic flux structure  37 . The power module  30  comprises a power supplying circuit  33 , an energy storage device  31 , a first switch  35   a , a second switch  35   b , and a diode  32  (optional). The magnetic flux structure comprises a core  373  and a coil  371  wrapping around at least a part of the core  373 . The second switch  35   b  makes the magnetic flux generating device  3  of  FIG. 3  different from the magnetic flux generating device  2  of  FIG. 2 . As shown in  FIG. 3 , the energy storage device  31  of the magnetic flux generating device  3  comprises three super capacitors  31   a ,  31   b  and  31   c . The three super capacitors  31   a ,  31   b  and  31   c  are electrically coupled between the first switch  35   a  and the second switch  35   b , and may have capacitances different from each other. The first switch  35   a  is electrically coupled between the super capacitors  31   a ,  31   b  and  31   c  (the energy storage device  31 ) and the power source S for controlling the electrical connections thereof, while the second switch  35   b  is electrically coupled between the super capacitors  31   a ,  31   b  and  31   c  (the energy storage device  31 ) and the coil  371  of the magnetic flux structure  37  for controlling the electrical connections thereof. Therefore, each of the super capacitors  31   a ,  31   b  and  31   c  can be selectively discharged or charged, and can output power to the magnetic flux structure  37 . Hence, the magnetic flux structure  37  can selectively generate magnetic flux of different magnitudes. Further more, the power supplying circuit  33  can be used more efficiently in this configuration, while one of the super capacitors is in discharging status and the power supplying circuit  33  can charge another super capacitor with idling. 
       Embodiment III of Magnetic Flux Generating Device 
       [0025]    With reference to  FIG. 4 , a magnetic flux generating device  4  according to still another embodiment of the present invention is shown. In general, when comparing the magnetic flux generating device  4  of  FIG. 4  and the magnetic flux generating device  3  of  FIG. 3  as we had mentioned, they are different in the number of second switches the coils to be used. The magnetic flux generating device  4  comprises a power module  40  electrically coupled between an outer power source S and a magnetic flux structure  47 . The power module  40  comprises an energy storage device  41 , a power supplying circuit  43 , a first switch  45   a , a plurality of second switches  45   b , and a diode  42  (optional). The energy storage device  41  comprises, for example, four super capacitors  41   a ,  41   b ,  41   c  and  41   d . The magnetic flux structure  47  comprises, for example, a core  473 , a first coil  471   a  and a second coil  471   b , the coils  471   a  and  471   b  are electrically coupled to the second switches  45   b . In this embodiment, the first coil  471   a  and the second coil  471   b , wrapping around part of the core  473 , are arranged in series, thus the magnetic flux structure  47  may generate two different magnetic flux along a same line and toward a same direction through the core  473 . Note that the arrangement, the outer length, and the winding style of the first coil  471   a  and the second coil  471   b  are all design choices and can be determined by users. In other embodiments (not shown in FIGS), two coils of the magnetic flux structure may be arranged in two parallel lines, and so that the two coils generate magnetic flux along two different lines and toward a same direction or an opposite directions. 
       Embodiment IV of Magnetic Flux Generating Device 
       [0026]    Referring to  FIG. 5 , a magnetic flux generating device  5  according to yet another embodiment of the present invention is shown. In general, the magnetic flux generating device  5  of  FIG. 5  is different from the magnetic flux generating device  2  of  FIG. 2 , there are multiple switches shown in  FIG. 5 , instead of a single switch shown in  FIG. 2 . The magnetic flux generating device  5  comprises a power module  50  electrically coupled between an outer power source S and the magnetic flux structure  57 . The power module  50 , in this embodiment, comprises an energy storage device  51 , a power supplying circuit  53 , a plurality of switches  55   a ,  55   b  and  55   c , and a diode  52  (optional). In this embodiment, the energy storage device  51  comprises two super capacitors  51   a  and  51   b , the super capacitors  51   a  and  51   b  may be electrically connected in series due to selectively opening or closing the switches  55   a ,  55   b  and  55   c . The magnetic flux structure  57  comprises a core  573  and a coil  571  wrapping around at least a part of the core  573 , wherein the coil  573  is electrically coupled to the set of switches  55 . The switches  55   a ,  55   b ,  55   c  can be selectively closed or opened as mentioned, and thus the super capacitors  51   a  and  51   b  can be coupled in series or in parallel and the magnetic flux generating device  5  can be operated in various voltage or current conditions. For example, when the super capacitors  51   a  and  51   b  are all coupled in series, the magnetic flux structure  57  will have the greatest magnetic flux. 
       Embodiment of Magnetic Heat Pump 
       [0027]    Referring to  FIG. 6 , a magnetic heat pump  6  according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. The magnetic heat pump  6  comprises a magnetic flux structure  61 , a power module  63 , and a heat pump module  65 . The magnetic flux structure  61  comprises a core  611  and a coil  615  wrapping around at least a part of the core  611 . In this embodiment, the core  611  is a square C shaped core, but in other embodiments, is not limited thereto. The core  611  is made of, for example, magnetic conductive material. The power module  63  is coupled between an outer power source S and the magnetic flux structure  61 , as described previously. The power module  63  comprises an energy storage device  631 , a power supplying circuit  633 , a switch  635 , and a diode  632  (optional). The power module  63  is used to excite the magnetic flux structure  61  to generate magnetic flux. The heat pump module  65  is coupled to the magnetic flux structure  61 , and comprises a magnetic bed  613 , and a heat exchange piping loop  653 . The magnetic bed  613 , for example, is embedded in a gap of the core  611  and composed of magneto-caloric material (MCM) in order to provide a closed magnetic path for magnetic flux generated by the magnetic flux structure  61 , wherein the closed magnetic path is formed in the magnetic flux structure  61  and the magnetic bed  613 . In the present invention, the magneto-caloric material is selected from the group consisting of FeRh, Gd 5 Si 2 Ge 2 , RCo 2 , La(Fe,Si) 13 , MnAs 1-x Sb x , MnFe(P, As), Co(S 1-x Sex) 2 , NiMnSn, or MnCoGeB. The magnetic flux generated by the magnetic flux structure  61  can flow through the closed path as mentioned, that is, from internal part of the core  611  to the magnetic bed  613  of the heat pump module  65  and finally back to internal part of the core  611 , thus magnetizing the magnetic bed  613 . On the other hand, once the magnetic flux structure  61  is not excited by the power module  63  so that the magnetic flux is not generated, the magnetic bed  613  is demagnetized. In brief, the magnetic bed  613  can be selectively magnetized or demagnetized and thus generate or absorb heat (surrounding environment is therefore heated or cooled) due to the magnetic entropy change. The heat exchange piping loop  653  is coupled between the magnetic bed  613 , at least two heat exchangers  641  and  641 ). In one embodiment, the heat exchange piping loop  653  contains heat conducting fluid, which flows through the heat exchange piping loop  653 , to enhance the heat exchange of the magnetic heat pump  6 . The heat exchange piping loop  653  may further comprise a fluid pump  644  for pumping the heat conducting fluid and a flow route controller  643  for controlling the route in which the heat conducting fluid flows through the heat exchange piping loop  653 . In this embodiment, the flow route controller  643  may control the heat conducting fluid flows to the low temperature side heat exchanger  641  or the high temperature side heat exchanger  642 , i.e., the low temperature side heat exchanger  641  (the cold side) may reduces to lower temperature, and the high temperature side heat exchanger  642  (the hot side) may raises to the higher temperature after finishing a few times of flow change. Therefore, heat is generated or absorbed by the magnetic bed  613  and transferred heat between two heat exchangers  641  and  642  through the heat exchange piping loop  653 . In this embodiment, the magnetic flux structure  61  and the power module  63  constitute the magnetic flux generating device of the embodiment I. However, in other embodiments, the magnetic flux generating device can be replaced by any magnetic flux generating devices shown in FIGS as we had described. Due to the work of the magnetic flux generating device, the magnetic heat pump  6  of the present invention can pump heat produced therein. In a better embodiment of the present invention, the heat pump module  65  may further comprise a first fan  655 , which is disposed around the low temperature side heat exchanger  641 , so the heat exchanger  641  can absorb the heat from surround environment with airflow. In another embodiment, the heat pump module  65  may further comprise a second fan  656 , which is disposed around the high temperature side heat exchanger  642  for removing the heat from low temperature side heat exchanger  642  with airflow. Note that person with skill in the art will recognize this alternative arrangement for the two heat exchangers, and the arrangement will not be limitations to the present invention. 
         [0028]    In summary, the invention provides a magnetic flux generating device and a magnetic heat pump using the magnetic flux generating device. Due to the super capacitors in the power module, the magnetic flux generating device of the present invention can produce greater magnetic flux with greater power than those of prior art. The high performance of the power module of the present invention is attributed to the high energy density of the super capacitors. The magnetic flux generating device can be applied in any apparatus using magnetic energy, for example, a magnetic heat pump for being a radiator and/or refrigerator, an electromagnetic lock and the like. When the magnetic flux generating device is used in the magnetic heat pump, the magnetic heat pump can reach higher heating or cooling efficiency owing to the greater magnetic flux generated by the magnetic flux generating device. When the magnetic flux generating device is used in the electromagnetic lock, the electromagnetic lock can push a larger latch or a more complex locking mechanism than conventional electromagnetic lock due to suddenly high power outputting of the super capacitor. 
         [0029]    Although the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, this description is not meant to be construed in a limiting sense. Various modifications of the disclosed embodiments, as well as alternative embodiments, will be apparent to persons skilled in the art. It is, therefore, contemplated that the appended claims will cover all modifications that fall within the true scope of the invention. 
         [0030]    While the invention has been described by way of example and in terms of the preferred embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments. To the contrary, it is intended to cover various modifications and similar arrangements (as would be apparent to those skilled in the art). Therefore, the scope of the appended claims should be accorded the broadest interpretation so as to encompass all such modifications and similar arrangements.