Abstract:
A zoom lens comprising, from front to rear, a positive first lens component, a negative second lens component, a positive third lens component and an image forming or fourth lens component, wherein as zooming occurs from the wide angle to the telephoto position, the first and third lens components are moved axially forward, while the second lens component is held stationary. By giving appropriately specified ranges for numerical values of the focal lengths of the first to third lens components, improvements in the compactness are achieved while still permitting good correction of aberrations.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     This invention relates to compact zoom lenses, and, more particularly, to zoom lenses of a varifocal ratio as high as 4 which enable a good compromise between the requirements of increasing the varifocal ratio and of limiting the overall dimensions of the lens to a minimum to be achieved while maintaining good stability of aberration correction throughout extended zooming ranges. 
     2. Description of the Prior Art 
     Zoom lenses which have been most commonly used include the so-called 4-component zoom lenses which have been proposed in Japanese Laid-Open patent applications Nos. SHO 51-37247, 51-63635 and 53-131852. 
     This 4-component zoom lens is constructed from four lens components of which the first, counting from front, remains stationary during zooming but is axially movable for focusing, the second is axially movable for varying the focal length of the entire system, the third is axially movable for maintaining the constant position of an image plane as the aforesaid second component moves axially to effect zooming, and the fourth remains stationary during zooming, and is used for satisfying determination of a desired longest or shortest focal length and a desired point at which an image of an object is formed. 
     Since, in such configuration, all duty for increasing the magnification power is given only to the second lens component, for the range of variation of the focal length of the entire system to be extended, measures must be resorted to by strengthening the refractive power of the second lens component, or by increasing the total axial movement of the second lens component. As the refractive power of the second lens component increases, good correction of aberrations becomes more difficult to achieve. Also, the increase in the total movement of the second lens component calls for an increase in the physical length of the zoom lens, thus sacrificing the compactness. 
     Attempts have been made to eliminate the abovedescribed drawback of the conventional zoom lens by imparting a forward axial movement to the first lens component which was heretofore held stationary when zooming so that the magnification power changing effect of the second lens component is increased, as, for example, disclosed in Japanese Laid-Open patent applications Nos. SHO 53-34539, SHO 54-25747, SHO 54-26754 and SHO 54-30855. However, this method is, because of its use of three lens components for zooming, associated with a very complicated calculation for determining the relation in which the three lens components are moved differently from each other. Also, because the number of parts constituting an operating mechanism for the zoom lens components is increased, the complexity of structure of a mechanical mounting for the zoom lens is increased. This method also is not well suited to reducing the bulk and size of the entire system. 
     There is also known the 2-component zoom lens comprising a negative front component and a positive rear component, both of which are moved axially but in different relation to effect zooming. Since this type is, however, difficult to achieve a higher zoom ratio, the maximum possible value was limited to about 2. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     It is an object of the present invention to provide a zoom lens of increased range in a compact form while still permitting achievement of good stability of aberration correction throughout the extended zooming range. 
     Particularly when in application of the invention to the 4-component zoom lens, with a simple zooming arrangement such that only two movable components suffice, a valuable increase in the zoom ratio can be achieved. 
     The zoom lens of the present invention has features that the lens system comprises, from front to rear, a first lens component of positive power, a second lens component of negative power, a third lens component of positive power, and a fourth or image forming lens component, wherein as zooming is performed from the wide angle to the telephoto position, the first and third lens components are moved axially both forward while holding the second lens component stationary and that in order to well correct aberrations and particularly to ensure good correction of aberrations against zooming, appropriate numerical ranges are given for the refractive powers of the first, second and third lens components. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIGS. 1, 3 and 5 are lens block diagrams of specific embodiments 1, 2 and 3 of the present invention respectively. 
     FIGS. 2-1 to 2-9, FIGS. 4-1 to 4-9 and FIGS. 6-1 to 6-9 are graphic representations of the aberrations of the lenses of FIGS. 1, 3 and 5 respectively. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     The zoom lens of the invention comprises, from front to rear, a first lens component I having a positive refractive power, a second lens component II having a negative refractive power, a third lens component III having a positive refractive power, and a fourth lens component IV for forming an image of an object. When zooming, the aforesaid second lens component is made to remain stationary, and the aforesaid first and third lens components are made to move in such a way that when in the telephoto position, they take more front positions than when in the wide angle position. Now, letting β2W and β2T denote the lateral magnifications for the wide angle and telephoto positions of the second lens component in the paraxial region respectively, the zoom ratio Z2 of the second lens component is given by: ##EQU1## Also letting fI and fII denote the focal lengths of the first and second lens components respectively, e1W&#39; the interval between the principal points of the first and second lens components, and Δe1&#39; the distance by which the principal point interval e1W&#39; is increased when zooming, we have the following equation: 
     
         Δe1&#39;=(fI+fII-e1W&#39;)(1-1/Z2) 
    
     In the above equation, when fI+fII-e1W&#39;=constant, the larger the zoom ratio of the second lens component II, in other words, the larger the value of Z2, the longer the Δe1&#39; becomes, or the wider the interval e1W&#39; expands when zoomed to the telephoto position. In the case when the second lens component remains stationary, the quantity defined by Δe1&#39; provides a measure for the difference between the physical lengths of the entire lens system in the wide angle and telephoto positions. Therefore, the zoom lens in the wide angle position is made shorter by that distance than in the telephoto position. 
     Also when the zoom ratio of the second lens component is constant, the smaller the focal length fII of the second lens component compared with the focal length fI of the first lens component, the longer the Δe1&#39; becomes. It is, therefore, by the difference in Δe1&#39; that the zoom lens can be shortened in the longitudinal direction at the wide angle position. In this connection, it should be noted here that, as far as the prior art is concerned, the fact that the focal length fII is taken at an extremely small value is not preferable on consideration of correction of the primary aberrations. Also as the focal length fII decreases, the difficulty of manufacturing the second lens component according to the given tolerances, and the discentering sensitivity becomes rapidly severer. For this reason, it has been the usual practice in the art to select a larger value than is desired as the appropriate one. In the zoom lens according to the present invention, however, because the second lens component is fixed in position during zooming, as compared with the prior art example of the second lens component functioning as the variator, a small value may be given for the focal length of the second lens component provided that the completed zoom lens can be manufactured as economically as possible while nevertheless permitting as good correction of aberrations as possible. 
     In a specific embodiment of the invention, letting fI, fII and fIII denote the focal lengths of the aforesaid first, second and third lens components, and fT the longest focal length of the entire system, the following conditions are satisfied: ##EQU2## 
     Inequalities of condition (1) are concerned with the focal length of the first lens component. When the lower limit is exceeded, it is necessary for good correction of the primary aberrations and particularly spherical aberration in the telephoto position to increase the number of constituent lens elements. As a result, the diameter of the front elements is rapidly increased. When the upper limit is exceeded, because of the resultant long focal length of the first lens component, the required value of total axial movement of the first lens component becomes very large. Also when the focusing provision is made in the first lens component, the total focusing movement is increased. This leads to increase the diameter of the first lens component. 
     Inequalities of condition (2) are concerned with the focal length of the second lens component. When the lower limit is exceeded, though it is better with regard to the magnification power changing effect being increased, correction of the primary aberrations, particularly regarding spherical aberration and distortion, becomes difficult. When the upper limit is exceeded, the required value of total axial movement of each of the first and third lens components for obtaining the desired zoom ratio must be increased, thereby compactness is sacrificed. 
     Inequalities of condition (3) are concerned with the focal length of the third lens component. When the lower limit is exceeded, though it is better with regard to its total movement being decreased to effect the equivalent magnification power changing result, it is necessary for good correction of the primary aberrations particularly regarding spherical aberration and astigmatism to increase the number of constituent lens elements. In order to avoid mechanical interference with the second lens component, the physical length of the entire lens system must be increased. This also calls for an increase in the diameter of the first lens component. 
     Three examples of specific zoom lenses of the invention can be constructed in accordance with the numerical data given in the following tables for the radii of curvature, R, the axial thicknesses and axial air spacings, D, and the refractive indices, N, and Abbe numbers, ν, of the glasses of the lens elements with subscripts numbered consecutively from front to rear, wherein the first lens component is denoted by I, the second lens component by II, the third lens component by III, the fourth lens component by IV, the focal length of the entire system by F, the F-number by FNO, and the angular field of view by 2ω. 
     Numerical Example 1 
     
         __________________________________________________________________________F = 36.0-130.76 FNO = 1:4.0                     2ω = 18.8°-62.0°__________________________________________________________________________    R1 =   98.314         D1 =             1.80 N1 =                      1.80518                          ν1 =                              25.4    R2 =   52.192         D2 =             0.02    R3 =   53.844         D3 =             6.54 N2 =                      1.69680                          ν2 =                              55.5I   R4 =   458.722         D4 =             0.12    R5 =   89.367         D5 =             4.44 N3 =                      1.69680                          ν3 =                              55.5    R6 =   2920.068         D6 =             Variable    R7 =   -520.762         D7 =             1.06 N4 =                      1.88300                          ν4 =                              40.8    R8 =   22.581         D8 =             7.26    R9 =   -81.293         D9 =             0.90 N5 =                      1.83400                          ν5 =                              37.2II  R10 =   23.882         D10 =             3.20 N6 =                      1.84666                          ν6 =                              23.9    R11 =   - 1167.579         D11 =             0.12    R12 =   33.756         D12 =             3.20 N7 =                      1.80518                          ν7 =                              25.4    R13 =   52.467         D13 =             Variable    R14 =   Stop  D14 =             1.00    R15 =   49.976         D15 =             3.20 N8 =                      1.88300                          ν8 =                              40.8    R16 =   -292.389         D16 =             0.12    R17 =   25.873         D17 =             6.20 N9 =                      1.63930                          ν9 =                              44.9    R18 =   -54.613         D18 =             3.50 N10 =                      1.84666                          ν10 =                              23.9    R19 =   47.829         D19 =             0.59    R20 =   60.382         D20 =             2.85 N11 =                      1.49831                          ν11 =                              65.0III R21 =   104.765         D21 =             1.05    R22 =   -173.517         D22 =             3.38 N12 =                      1.80610                          ν12 =                              40.9    R23 =   25.605         D23 =             4.04    R24 =   90.462         D24 =             3.09 N13 =                      1.48749                          ν 13 =                              70.1    R25 =   -31.882         D25 =             0.12    R26 =   100.106         D26 =             4.21 N14 =                      1.61800                          ν14 =                              63.4    R27 =   -729.101         D27 =             Variable    R28 =   -215.445         D28 =             2.80 N15 =                      1.61800                          ν15 =                              63.4IV    R29 =   -108.605__________________________________________________________________________f       36.00        63.51                   130.76D6      3.03         16.49                   31.30D13     29.34        16.07                   0.28D27     2.0          15.27                   31.06__________________________________________________________________________ ##STR1##           ##STR2##                       ##STR3##__________________________________________________________________________ 
    
     Numerical Example 2 
     
         __________________________________________________________________________F = 51.6-195.09 FNO = 1:4.0                      2ω = 12.6°-45.4°__________________________________________________________________________    R1 =   133.05130          D1 =              2.8  N1 =                       1.80518                           ν1 =                               25.4    R2 =   59.55190          D2 =              6.3  N2 =                       1.43387                           ν2 =                               95.1I   R3 =   926.53642          D3 =              0.1    R4 =   63.89169          D4 =              5.6  N3 =                       1.60562                           ν3 =                               43.7    R5 =   -1078.87057          D5 =              Variable    R6 =   607.48246          D6 =              4.0  N4 =                       1.84666                           ν4 =                               23.9    R7 =   -45.99987          D7 =              1.5  N5 =                       1.69680                           ν5 =                               55.5II  R8 =   51.25210          D8 =              3.983    R9 =   -42.48356          D9 =              1.5  N6 =                       1.77250                           ν6 =                               49.6    R10 =   172.62281          D10 =              Variable    R11 =   102.34454          D11 =              1.5  N7 =                       1.84666                           ν7 =                               23.9    R12 =   43.29393          D12 =              6.0  N8 =                       1.61800                           ν8 =                               63.4III R13 =   -108.15183          D13 =              0.1    R14 =   197.30914          D14 =              4.0  N9 =                       1.77250                           ν9 =                               49.6    R15 =   -97.89799          D15 =              Variable    R16 =   23.46285          D16 =              6.5  N10 =                       1.62280                           ν10 =                               57.0    R17 =   -53.25571          D17 =              2.5  N11 =                       1.77250                           ν11 =                               49.6    R18 =   23.87100          D18 =              20.132IV  R19 =   -173.49776          D19 =              4.5  N12 =                       1.61375                           ν12 =                               56.4    R20 =   -26.03247          D20 =              4.345    R21 =   -22.97578          D21 =              4.18 N13 =                       1.77250                           ν13 =                               49.6    R22 =   -47.50335__________________________________________________________________________f       51.6         100 195.09D5      1.541        21.541                    37.320D10     42.732       25.023                    5.681D15     3            20.709                    40.055__________________________________________________________________________ ##STR4##           ##STR5##                       ##STR6##__________________________________________________________________________ 
    
     Numerical Example 3 
     
         __________________________________________________________________________F = 36-131.06  FNO = 1:4.0                     2ω = 18.8°-62°__________________________________________________________________________    R1 =   203.976         D1 =             2.50 N1 =                      1.80518                          ν1 =                              25.4    R2 =   67.066         D2 =             9.01 N2 =                      1.69680                          ν2 =                              55.5I   R3 =   -353.880         D3 =             0.12    R4 =   55.758         D4 =             5.53 N3 =                      1.69680                          ν3 =                              55.5    R5 =   184.608         D5 =             Variable    R6 =   235.238         D6 =             1.50 N4 =                      1.88300                          ν4 =                              40.8    R7 =   23.487         D7 =             5.04    R8 =   -75.474         D8 =             1.20 N5 =                      1.80400                          ν5 =                              46.6    R9 =   47.273         D9 =             3.27II  R10 =   40.714         D10 =             4.88 N6 =                      1.80518                          ν6 =                              25.4    R11 =   - 46.433         D11 =             1.86    R12 =   -34.117         D12 =             0.90 N7 =                      1.79952                          ν7 =                              42.2    R13 =   -427.842         D13 =             Variable    R14 =   Stop  D14 =             Variable    R15 =   143.647         D15 =             2.50 N8 =                      1.72000                          ν8 =                              50.2    R16 =   -220.374         D16 =             0.12    R17 =   57.016         D17 =             2.50 N9 =                      1.65844                          ν9 =                              50.9    R18 =   123.461         D18 =             0.12    R19 =   33.272         D19 =             3.03 N10 =                      1.62004                          ν10 =                              36.3III R20 =   75.701         D20 =             0.12    R21 =   24.716         D21 =             7.35 N11 =                      1.51742                          ν11 =                              52.4    R22 =   -241.028         D22 =             5.57 N12 =                      1.84666                          ν12 =                              23.9    R23 =   18.530         D23 =             5.36    R24 =   96.485         D24 =             2.68 N13 =                      1.66672                          ν 13 =                              48.3    R25 =   -54.371         D25 =             Variable    R26 =   -50.660         D26 =             1.40 N14 =                      1.77250                          ν14 =                              49.6    R27 =   153.277         D27 =             2.25 N15 =                      1.56965                          ν15 =                              49.4IV  R28 =   -347.010         D28 =             0.60    R29 =   141.986         D29 =             4.79 N16 =                      1.64850                          ν16 =                              53.0    R30 =   -50.727__________________________________________________________________________f       36.0        70.0                   131.06D5      1.423       15.867                   26.543D13     27.481      13.037                   2.361D14     2.503       3.216                   0.822D25     4.962       18.692                   31.763__________________________________________________________________________ ##STR7##           ##STR8##                       ##STR9##__________________________________________________________________________ 
    
     In the third numerical example, a diaphragm is made to move in unison with the first lens component. The use of such arrangement has, despite even when the third lens component moves non-linearly, to enable the axial movement of the diaphragm to be linear with an advantage that an operating mechanism can be constructed in a simple form. 
     As has been described in greater detail above, according to the present invention, the principle of construction of a zoom lens for greatly extended range and an excellent state of correction of the image aberrations is set forth by a very simple structure of zoom control such that movements of the first and third lens components suffice. This produces an advantage that the physical length of the lens in the wide angle setting is remarkably shortened so that it becomes convenient to carry about the camera with that zoom lens, although the zoom lens is of high zoom ratio.