Abstract:
The specification discloses an apparatus for making confectionary or other shell goods by the method of filling a mold with a desired media and then inverting the mold to drain the media from the mold while leaving the mold coated by a layer of the media, thereby forming a hollow shell inside the mold. The mold travels through the apparatus on a conveyor. A sliding table is used to provide a turning point which defines the mechanism by which the mold is inverted. The sliding table receiprocates back and forth between extended and retracted positions along the direction of travel of the conveyor so that the speed of inverting the mold can be increased as the sliding table is retracted or decreased as the sliding table is extended.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention relates to the forming of shell goods, and particularly to forming confectionary or other such shell goods by filling a mold with a liquid molding media and then inverting the mold to drain most of such media from the mold while leaving the mold coated by a layer of the media. More particularly, the invention relates to the formation of a confectionery or other such shell in a captive mold plant wherein each mold is connected to a conveyor media, such as the commonly known link chain or serpentine belt. 
     Compared to a free mold plant, wherein each mold pushes preceding molds through key areas of a manufacturing process, a captive mold plant is desirable for many applications because a mold in a captive mold plant progresses through the plant in a tightly controlled manner obviating many mechanical and operational complexities which are involved with free mold plants. The captive mold plant is particularly advantageous where a multitier conveyor circuit is desired in order to minimize space requirements for economic reasons and the like. 
     A major factor in the effectiveness of the captive mold plant is the fact that the conveyor proceeds at a specifically controlled pace. However, this can be a detriment to the proper forming of a confectionery or other shell. 
     According to the shell-forming technique which is presently of interest, an upwardly open mold cavity is completely filled with a liquid confection, such as molten chocolate for example, and then quickly inverted, allowing the chocolate to drain uniformly down the sides of the mold cavity to produce a coating of chocolate over the interior surface of the mold cavity. As the chocolate coating cools, it solidifies to form a chocolate shell. However, if the mold is inverted too slowly, the liquid chocolate will remain in contact with the low or leading side of the mold considerably longer than the opposite side. This will result in a thicker coating of chocolate building up on the leading side of the mold, and result in an unsatisfactory shell. In the past, the speed at which a mold could be turned over to make the confectionery shell has been dictated by the geometry of the mold and of the turning point. Even with the most advantageous geometry, however, the turnover speed has been too slow to produce a thin, uniform, and truly desirable shell. 
     A typical prior art arrangement is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 3,067,859, entitled TILTING MECHANISM IN MOLD CONVEYORS IN PLANTS FOR MOLDING CHOCOLATE AND SIMILAR MASSES and issued on Dec. 11, 1962 to Jacobsen. In the Jacobsen mechanism, each mold is pivotally connected near its center to a conveyor chain and is provided with guide rollers near its ends for following guide rails. A recess in the guide rails causes the leading guide roller to drop into the recess while the conveyor chain pulls the midpoint of the mold over the leading roller, levering the trailing roller ahead of the leading roller and turning the mold over. As would be apparent to one skilled in the art, this is a relatively slow turnover process and depends upon the geometry of the tray and of the turning point. Depending upon the geometry actually used, the mold can actually pause during the mold turnover, causing a substantial build-up of chocolate on the leading side of the mold. As would also be apparent, it would be impractical, and not really feasible, to compensate for such geometry by periodically accelerating and decelerating the conveyor as each mold approaches and passes the turning point. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention effectively resolves the limitations discussed above by providing means and method to control the speed of turning the mold over. In one aspect of the invention, a sliding turning-point table is provided along the mold conveyor so that the effective conveyor speed in the immediate vicinity of the turning point may be accelerated and decelerated by the relative motion of the sliding table. In another aspect of the invention, the motion of the sliding table may be controlled independently of the mold conveyor, and control of the sliding table may be synchronized to the conveyor. 
     The foregoing features and attributes of the invention will become more apparent after contemplation of the ensuing more detailed description, particularly when considered with and in light of the accompanying drawings. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a confection manufacturing plant which incorporates the present invention; 
     FIG. 2 is a schematic representation showing the functional conveyor path of the plant of FIG. 1; 
     FIG. 3 is a fragmentary, detailed schematic showing the path of the conveyor of the plant of FIG. 1 in the vicinity of a sliding turning-point table according to the present invention; 
     FIG. 4 is a fragmentary, detailed schematic representation showing the path of the turning point of the sliding table of FIG. 3 and showing the path of a mold traveling around the turning point; 
     FIG. 5 is a fragmentary perspective view of the turning point at position A of FIG. 4; 
     FIG. 6 is a fragmentary perspective view of the turning point at position B of FIG. 4; 
     FIG. 7 is a fragmentary perspective view of the turning point at position C of FIG. 4; 
     FIG. 8 is a fragmentary perspective view of the turning point at position D of FIG. 4; and 
     FIG. 9 is the fragmentary, detailed schematic analogous to FIG. 3 but showing an alternative embodiment of a device for actuating the sliding turning-point table. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     With reference to FIG. 1, a three-stage confectionary plant employing the turning point concept of the present invention is shown. Such a plant incorporates a captive mold conveyor and comprises a mold heater 10, shell depositor 12, shakers 14 and 16, sliding turning-point table 18, chocolate collection trough 20, center depositor 22, cooler 24, mold heater 26 and bottom depositor 28. Generally speaking, these are all known components on an individual basis, but pointed out further below the inclusion of the variable (movable) turning-point mechanism and concept in such an apparatus is not known heretofore and this as well as the resulting new combination thus represents a new and meritorious contribution to the art. 
     A schematic representation of the path followed by a mold through the plant of FIG. 1 is shown in FIG. 2. The process starts with an empty mold (not specifically shown) which is initially heated (warmed) by mold heater 10. The mold (comprising one or more upwardly open, hollow vessels or recesses) is then filled by shell depositor 12 with a confection such as molten chocolate. Mold shakers 14 and 16 then shake the filled mold to minimize the occurrence of any voids caused by air bubbles in the confection. The mold is then quickly inverted as it travels around turning point 30 and the turning point is simultaneously withdrawn to accelerate the mold inversion. Conversely, turning point 30 may be extended to slow the turning rate if the particular confection being made so requires. Upon inversion of the mold, the confection drains from it leaving a thin layer of the confection coating the interior surfaces of the mold. The inverted mold is again inverted (i.e., righted) at the reversing point 32. From this point forward, the mold travels past the center depositor 22 to receive a confectionery center filling. The mold then passes through cooler 24 to set the center filling, and then passes the heater 26 which slightly melts or softens the adjacent end portions of the filled chocolate shell prior to receiving a bottom layer for the confection from bottom depositor 28. The mold again passes through the cooler 24 a desired number of times prior to removal of the confection from the mold as the mold travels around the demolding turnover point 34. The confections are then discharged from the plant by discharge conveyor 36 and the mold is again returned to its initial upright position at turnover point 38, prior to passing by mold heater 10 once again and repeating the above-described cycle. 
     The path of the conveyor in the vicinity of sliding table 18 is shown in greater detail in FIG. 3. Sliding table 18 comprises a frame 40 which is slideably mounted on the conveyor support structure to move back and forth along the direction of travel of the conveyor, between an extended position and a retracted position. Frame 40 carries a pair of nose wheels 42 (FIG. 4) which are mounted to the frame by an axle 44 (FIGS. 5-8). The conveyor comprises a pair of parallel roller chains 46 which move in unison along either side of the conveyor path and carry a series of molds 48 which are captured therebetween. Each mold 48, shown here as a tray defining a plurality of molding cavities, is connected to chains 46 near the leading edge 50 of the mold. 
     The sliding table 18 is actuated by a cam and lever arrangement including a link 52 (FIG. 3) connected between the sliding table 18 and the free end 54 of a lever 56. The lever 56 has a second end, opposite to its free end 54, which is pivotally connected to the frame work of the confectionery plant at 58. A spring mechanism 60 is provided for biasing lever 56 against a cam 62. Cam 62 is rotatably driven through a belt or the like by a motor assembly 64, and is connected by a ratchet link 66 to the conveyor through the roller located at demolding turnover point 34 at which the conveyor is or may also be driven from motor assembly 64. By connecting the conveyor to cam 62 in this manner, the conveyor motion is synchronized with the cam position and is thus synchronized with the sliding table position. 
     In the alternative, lever 56, spring mechanism 60 and cam 62 may be eliminated and link 52 may be replaced with a double-acting motor such as a pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder 74, or other such device for reciprocating sliding table 18 (FIG. 9). In such an alternative embodiment, a cyclical cylinder control device may be actuated in synchronization with the conveyor by use of known means. 
     The process of inverting each mold 48 is more specifically shown in FIGS. 4-8. By retracting slide table 18, that is sliding the table opposite to the direction of travel of the conveyor, the effective speed at which a mold 48 travels around nose wheels 42 can be increased. The faster that sliding table 18 is retracted, the faster that a mold 48 travels around nose wheels 42 and the faster mold 48 is inverted. 
     The cam 62 may be synchronized with the conveyor so that the sliding table 18 is pulled from the extended position to a retracted position by link 52 when the leading edge 50 of a mold 48 is positioned over the axle 44 of nose wheels 42. As shown in FIGS. 4-8, as sliding table 18 is retracted (i.e. moved to the right as shown in these figures), nose wheels 42 are progressively moved away from beneath the mold 48a thereby shifting the reversing point 30 to the right beneath the mold and rapidly inverting it, effectively increasing the speed of the conveyor around this reversing point. As this occurs, reversing point 32, which is also attached to frame 40, acts in concert to keep the conveyor chain 46 tight against nose wheels 42 so that the leading edge 50a is pulled down and around the nose wheels 42. 
     The molds 48 slide along guide rails 68, which are also attached to frame 40. The guide rails 68 are generally J-shaped with an arcuate end portion 70 which is concentric with the nose wheels 42 (FIG. 4). The leading edge 50a of mold 48a is pulled by chains 46 around nose wheels 42 and the body of mold 48a is guided by the curved end portion 70 of guide rails 68 so that the body of mold 48a pivots around the connection point of the mold to the chains 46, near the leading edge 50a, flipping the mold 48a over and inverting it. The inverted mold 48 is received at position &#34;E&#34; by lower guide rails 72 (FIG. 4). 
     The schematic drawing of FIG. 4 shows the transition of a mold 48 through positions &#34;A-F&#34; as the sliding table 18 is retracted from the extended position &#34;a&#34; to the retracted position &#34;e&#34; and extended back to position &#34;f&#34;, which is also the starting point or position &#34;a.&#34; When the sliding table 18 reaches the fully retracted position &#34;e&#34;, the next mold 48b is in position, relative to the nose wheels 42, for turning and remains in that relative position while the sliding table 18 moves back to the extended position &#34;a&#34;, i.e. travels with the conveyor in unison with the sliding table, at which point the above-described turnover process proceeds with the next mold 48b. 
     As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the present invention thus provides a novel and effective way of achieving the desirable and needed end of more uniform and thin shell goods, and particular confection shell goods, through rapid mold inversion, and it accomplishes this without drastic revision and/or replacement of generally-accepted production equipment. Indeed, it may be possible to effectively implement the invention in some cases by modifying an existing plant or equipment, but in any event has the desirable attribute of using, or being directly consistent with, known and accepted shell goods manufacturing machinery and components. As will be recognized, use in conjunction with various molding materials (media) is within the overall scope of the invention, even through the particular application discussed above is in the field of confection shell goods, particularly of chocolate 
     It is to be understood that the foregoing description of a preferred embodiment of the invention is provided for purposes of the description and illustration, and not as a measure of the invention, whose scope is to be defined by reference to the ensuing claims. Thus, those skilled in the art may devise embodiments of the particular concepts presented in the foregoing illustrative disclosure which differ from the particular embodiment shown and described in detail herein, or may make various changes in structural details to the illustrated embodiment. Accordingly, all such alternatives or modified embodiments which utilize the underlying concepts of the invention and incorporate the spirit thereof are to be considered as within the scope of the claims appended here below, unless such claims by their language specifically state otherwise.