Abstract:
A portable unit provides location-related data and physiological information to a person. The preferred embodiment includes a GPS receiver, a physiological sensor receiver, a computation unit to determine location-related data from the GPS receiver and a physiological condition from the physiological sensor, and a GPS antenna configured to encircle a body part of the user. As examples, a chest strap, wrist strap, or head strap may carry at least a part of the antenna. The physiological sensor may be a heart rate sensor, an electrocardiograph sensor, or other physiological sensor. The electronics associated with the data processor, GPS receiver or physiological sensor may be contained in an enclosure separate from the antenna, or such components may be built into the body-part-encircling antenna portion.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The invention relates to global positioning systems, in particular portable devices comprising a global positioning system (GPS) and one or more physiological sensors. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Portable GPS units are known in the art. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,366,250, to McConnell describes a wrist-mounted wireless instrument and antenna apparatus, having a wrist strap containing an antenna and an electrical shield. Various strap antenna configurations are discussed in the background of this patent. U.S. Pat. No. 6,259,399 to Krasner discloses garments containing GPS receivers. U.S. Pat. No. 6,246,362 to Tsubata discloses a portable GPS signal receiving apparatus. U.S. Pat. No. 5,884,199 to Maki discloses a portable wireless receiver having a GPS function, where the antenna is disposed in the upper portion of the speaker/microphone unit. U.S. Pat. No. 5,790,477 to Hauke discloses a watch also comprising a GPS receiver with antenna. 
     Other portable wireless devices are known in the art. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,075,500 to Kurz et al discloses a compact antenna for a portable radio apparatus, where the antenna may have a zigzag configuration. U.S. Pat. No. 5,960,366 to Duwaer discloses a wrist-watch wireless telephone. U.S. Pat. No. 5,757,332 to Hanaoka discloses a flexible carrying strap for an electronic apparatus also functioning as a loop antenna. U.S. Pat. No. 5,008,864 to yoshitake discloses a radio telephone in the form of a wristwatch, with an antenna portion on the carrying strap. U.S. Pat. No. 4,981,141 to Segalowitz discloses a wireless electrocardiographic monitoring system. U.S. Pat. No. 4,754,285 to Robitaile discloses an expansion band antenna for a wristwatch application. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention resides in a portable unit for providing location-related data and physiological information to a person. The preferred embodiment includes a GPS receiver, a physiological sensor receiver, a computation unit to determine location-related data from the GPS receiver and a physiological condition from the physiological sensor, and a GPS antenna configured to encircle a body part of the user. As examples, a chest strap, wrist strap, or head strap may carry at least a part of the antenna. 
     The physiological sensor may be a heart rate sensor, an electrocardiograph sensor, or other physiological sensor. The electronics associated with the data processor, GPS receiver or physiological sensor may be contained in an enclosure separate from the antenna, or such components may be built into the body-part-encircling antenna portion. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 shows a portable unit comprising a head-encircling antenna; 
     FIG. 2 shows an embodiment supported by a strap; 
     FIG. 3 shows a schematic of an electronic circuit; 
     FIG. 4 shows a schematic of a system configuration; 
     FIG. 5 shows a cross section of a strap comprising an antenna; 
     FIG. 6 shows a top view of a strap comprising an antenna; 
     FIG. 7 shows a wrist mounted device having a display; 
     FIG. 8 shows a strap mounted device; 
     FIG. 9 shows a view of a strap comprising an antenna; 
     FIG. 10 shows a strap comprising an antenna having a flexible section; 
     FIG. 11 shows a hat having an antenna that substantially encircles the head of a person; and 
     FIG. 12 shows an electrical connection to an antenna included within a strap. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     FIG. 1 shows a portable unit, shown generally at  10 , comprising a headwear item  12 , comprising brim  20  and cap  22 , supporting a housing  14  which encloses an electrical circuit, which has an electrical connector  16  in electrical communication with an antenna substantially encircling the headwear item  12 , the antenna being disposed within band  18 . 
     The electrical circuit, described in more detail below, comprises a GPS receiver which is receives an antenna signal from the antenna. The band comprises an antenna which encircles the head of a person when the headwear item is supported by the head of the person. The brim or cap can be used to support housing which includes the GPS receiver. 
     FIG. 2 shows another embodiment of a portable unit according to the present invention. A headwear item in the form of a headband  42  encircles the head of a person. The headband supports a housing  40  which contains a GPS receiver. The GPS receiver is in electrical communication with an antenna  46  which is disposed within the headband  42 . For example, a wire or other electrical conductor may be included within a fabric material. 
     FIG. 3 shows a schematic of an electronic circuit which can be used in embodiments of the present invention. The circuit comprises processor  60 , GPS receiver  62 , physiological sensor receiver  66 , data input mechanism  68 , clock  70 , RAM  72 , ROM  74 , and feedback mechanism  76 . 
     Antenna signals are received from an antenna  64 b, which is in electrical communication with the GPS receiver  62  through electrical connector  64 a. In some embodiments, the electrical connector between the electrical circuit and, for example, a loop of wire, may form a useful part of an antenna. Antenna signals are received by GPS receiver  64 . The GPS receiver  62  passes location-related data to the processor  60 . 
     The physiological sensor receiver receives a physiological sensor signal from a physiological sensor, which may be disposed within the same housing as includes the electrical circuit, or can otherwise be supported by the subject. 
     In one embodiment the physiological sensor is a heart rate sensor. The physiological signal in this embodiment will be a signal correlated with heart rate. For example, a sequences of pulses, amplitude or frequency modulation of a carrier frequency, or other signal can be correlated with heart rate. The physiological sensor receiver provides a physiological signal to the processor, for example a digital representation of heart rate, time period between heartbeats, or other signal from which the heart rate can be calculated. 
     The feedback mechanism may comprise a visual display, indicator lamp or lamps, bar graph, audio alert, voice synthesis unit, vibrating mechanism, or some combination of devices. 
     A telemetric heart rate measuring device is described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,405,077 to Birnbaum et al. As is known in the art, a heart rate sensor can be disposed on a strap encircling the torso of the subject. A heart rate sensor may comprise electrodes, in contact with the skin of the subject, at least one amplification stage, and a wireless transmission stage, which may comprise a coil, for example as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,405,077. 
     FIG. 4 shows a simplified schematic of an embodiment according to the present invention, comprising a computation unit  80 , feedback mechanism  82 , physiological sensor receiver  84 , sensor antenna  86 , GPS receiver  88 , and GPS antenna  90 . 
     FIG. 5 illustrates, in cross-section, a strap incorporating an antenna, which may be used in embodiments of the present invention. The strap, shown generally at  100 , comprises flexible conducting strips  102  and  104 , with electrical connectors  106  and  108  to an electrical circuit (not shown), so that an antenna comprises the conducting strips. A conductive hook-and-loop closure mechanism, comprising conducting regions  118  and  122 , hooks  120 , and loops  124 , provide an electrical path between strips  102  and  104  when the hook-and-loop closure mechanism is closed. A conducting strip  114  provides electrical shielding. Flexible, electrically insulating strips  116 ,  112 ,  128 , and  130  may be provided so as to mechanical strength, electrical insulation, aesthetic appeal, or other purpose. The strap components may be laminated together, or the conductive strips run through guides in one or more pieces of fabric. Insulating region  126  isolates the conducting closure mechanism part  122  from the electrical shielding strip  114 . Insulating regions may be omitted, so that conductive strips are exposed if desired. 
     FIG. 6 shows a top view of a strap, shown generally at  140 , which may have a cross-section similar to that shown in FIG.  5 . The strap comprises a flexible electrical insulator  142 , conducting strips  144  and  146 , which may be joined electrically by an electrically conducting closure mechanism comprising elements  152  (on top of the strap) and  154  (below the strap). For example, the closure mechanism may be a hook and loop type. Electrical connectors  148  and  150  provide an electrical path to an electrical circuit. Hence, connectors  148  and  150 , conductive strips  144  and  146 , and the electrically conductive closure mechanism together form a loop antenna. 
     FIG. 7 shows an improved system according to the present invention. The system comprises a wrist-mounted device, shown generally at  160 , comprising a housing  162 , display  164 , control buttons such as  174 , control button  176 , and strap comprising first strap part  178  and second strap part  180 . The display shows a map  166 , exercise data (distance covered)  168 , heart rate data (including current and average)  170 , and time  172 . 
     The first and second strap parts ( 178  and  180 ) encircle a wrist or other body part of a person, and may have any convenient closure mechanism, such as a hook-and-loop closure or a buckle. Alternatively, the first and second strap parts may be sections of a single continuous strap. The strap comprises an antenna, for example in the form of electrical conductor within a flexible non-conducting material, a metal strap (such are used with conventional wristwatches, and the like. The antenna is used as a GPS antenna for a GPS receiver within the housing. 
     The display may be a liquid crystal display, light emitting display, or other visual display. The control buttons can be used to set the operating mode of the device, enter parameters, store and retrieve data, and the like. 
     FIG. 8 shows a strap-supported device, shown generally at  200 , comprising housing  202 , display  204 , indicator lamp  210 , and an audio alert behind grille  212 . The housing  202  is supportable using a strap  224 , which is adapted to encircle a body part of the person. 
     In this example, the strap comprises flexible insulating region  214 . Parts  214   a  and  214   b  may be ends of a loop, or may have an closure mechanism such as a buckle or hook-and-loop closure mechanism. The strap also comprises two antennas, a first antenna for receiving wireless signals from a physiological monitor, and a second antenna for receiving GPS signals. In this example, the GPS antenna comprises conductors  218   a  and  218   b , which are in electrical communication so as to substantially encircle the body parts of the person when the strap  224  supports the device  200 . The second antenna comprises conductors  216   a  and  216   b , which may or may not encircle the body part, providing a dipole or loop antenna as desired. 
     FIG. 9 shows a strap, shown generally at  240 , comprising a flexible insulating material  242 , electrical conductors  246 ,  248 ,  250 , and  252  (which together form a first antenna), and electrical conductors  258  and  254  (which together form a second antenna). Electrical connectors  260 ,  262 ,  264 , and  266  provide electrical connections to electrical circuitry contained within a housing supported by the strap (not shown for convenience). 
     The strap  240  may encircle a body parts of the person, and the tongue  256  placed through the hole  260  to help secure the strap. Other buckle parts may be used, which are not shown for convenience. When the strap encircles the body part of the person, the second antenna comprises an electrically conducting path which substantially encircles a body parts so as to form a loop antenna. The first antenna comprises an electrically conducting path which does not substantially encircle the body part, so as to form a dipole antenna. The loop antenna may be used as a GPS antenna, and the dipole antenna used to receive wireless signals from a physiological monitor mounted elsewhere on the person&#39;s body. 
     An insulating, protective, or shielding layer may be used to cover exposed electrical conductors. 
     Electrical conductive regions  248  and  252  may be omitted in the example above. In another embodiment, electrical conductors  248  and  252  are proximate to the skin of a person, so as to receive an electrical signal from the body of the person. This electrical signal may correlate with heart rate, or may be used to determine an EKG for the person. 
     FIG. 10 shows a cross-section of part of a band  280  comprising flexible regions  292  and  288  interconnected by elastomeric strip  282 . Flexible electrical conductors  290  and  286  are in electrical communication using braided conductive material  284 . For example, the elastomeric strip may be conventional fabric elastic, and the braided conductive material may be braided copper, such as used on coaxial cables. 
     FIG. 11 shows another embodiment adapted to be worn on the head of the person, the portable unit shown generally at  300 , comprising hat  302  having brim  304 , and a band  316  encircling the hat so as to substantially encircle the head of the person when the hats is supported by the head of the person. An electrical connector  314  links an electrically conductive path within the band  316  to an electrical circuit contained within housing  306 . The housing  306  contains an electric circuit adapted to determine location related information from a GPS signal received using an antenna, the antenna comprising the electrical connector  314  and the conductive path included within band  316  which substantially encircles the head of the person when the person wears the hat. 
     Location related data, such as position, altitude, speed, longitude, latitude and the like may be displayed on screen  310 , which is supported by hinges  312  from the brim  304  of the hat. Information may be projected so as to be viewable by the person using projection unit  308 , supported by the housing  306 , which may provide a scanned laser beam. 
     FIG. 12 shows in more detail how an electrical connector is in electrical communication with a conductive path within a band comprising an antenna. Flexible material  320  forms of band which may encircle a body parts of the person. The band comprises electrical conductor  322 , shown as two ends of a loop at  322   a  and  322   b . The loop hence substantially encircles the body part of the person when the band is placed around the body part. The conductor may be brought out of the band at  322   c  and  322   d  so as to provide an electrical connector to an electrical circuit, so as to provide antenna signals to the electrical circuit. 
     In other embodiments, a GPS antenna may comprise multiple turns of an electrical conductor, such as a wire, around a body part of a person. Two, three, four, five, six, or more turns of a conductor around the body part may be provided, so as to provide a multiple-turn loop antenna. 
     Conductive materials include metals (such as copper, aluminum, silver, gold, other metals and alloys), conductive polymers, conducting composites, carbon-based materials, semiconductors, and other conductive substances as known in the arts. Antennas may comprise wires (single wires, braided wires, cables, coated wires, and the like), strips, tubes, coatings (for example, metal coated plastics), flexible sheets, laminated materials, multilayers, chains, segmented structures (such as steel watchstraps), conducting fabrics, conductor-infused materials (such as graphite-infused fabrics) and the like. 
     Insulating materials, for use in straps, include plastics, plant-derived materials, and the likes. Insulators may take the form of include fabrics, flexible sheets, and the like. 
     In some embodiments, a band may be formed of a conducting material. An insulating region may be disposed at some position, so as provide a break within an otherwise conducting loop, with electrical connectors leading from each side of the insulating region to a GPS receiver. 
     An antenna may be disposed around the collar of an item of clothing, with electrical connectors leading from the antenna to a GPS receiver, for example supported within a pocket of the item of clothing. Electrical connectors may be removable so as to assist cleaning. 
     An antenna may be disposed within a headband, wristband, chest-strap, belt, and the like. For example, a chest-mounted heart rate monitor may also comprise a GPS receiver having an antenna included within at least part of the supporting chest band. 
     Embodiments described are not intended to be limiting. Configurations and elements from described examples may be combined in ways other than those specifically described. Other embodiments will be clear to those skilled in the arts