Abstract:
Generally disclosed and claimed is an non-belt driven motor vehicle cooling fan having an interruptible driving force such as electrical or hydraulic driving force. More specifically disclosed is a vehicle cooling fan having an driving force interrupted when the vehicle enters water that may contact the fan.

Description:
[0001]    Motor vehicles powered by internal combustion engines customarily employ a means of cooling the engine involving a coolant fluid circulating in a jacket around the combustion cylinders, or less frequently, direct air cooling with air flow enhanced by a fan. Coolant fluid heated by the engine is cooled for re-circulation by a heat exchanger or radiator. The radiator in turn is most often cooled by air with air flow enhanced by a driven fan. 
         [0002]    While the instant invention is discussed in terms of engine coolant, the invention applies equally to heat exchangers for engine oil, hydraulic oil, transmission oil, engine charge air, axle oil cooler and other functions where fan-enhanced air flow for cooling heat exchange is employed. 
         [0003]    While in common experience the driven fan may be driven by a belt powered from the engine crankshaft, the fan may also be electrically driven from the vehicle electric system, or by a hydraulic system of a vehicle so equipped. 
         [0004]    In order to provide sufficient enhanced air flow to a radiator, or direct air cooled internal combustion engine, a bladed fan may rotate at rotational speeds approaching 5000 rpm. When fan blades rotating at a high tangential velocity resulting from the blade length and the rotation rate impact a medium having a density significantly greater than air, damage may result to the fan, including the blades, the blades may separate from their shaft mounting; the separated blades may contact other engine or vehicle components resulting in further consequential damage. 
         [0005]    U.S. Pat. No. 2,913,083 addressed the problem of a vehicle fan impacting water as the vehicle is partially submerged. The solution offered a driven connection that yielded upon contact by the fan with water. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
       [0006]    There is here provided a vehicle fan powered by means other than belt-power that interrupts the fan driving force so as to slow or halt the rotation prior to the fan blades contacting water. At least one sensor determines the depth of water surrounding the vehicle. When the water reaches a determined level, the system controller interrupts hydraulic fluid flow to the hydraulic motor powering the fan. For a fan having a driving force provided by the vehicle electrical system, the system controller may interrupt the electrical power source to the fan. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
         [0007]      FIG. 1  illustrates a vehicle as described partially submerged in level water. 
           [0008]      FIG. 2  illustrates a plurality of contact water sensors on a vehicle under the condition of  FIG. 1 . 
           [0009]      FIG. 3  illustrates a vehicle on an inclined surface entering water. 
           [0010]      FIG. 4  illustrates a vehicle having pressure type sensors on an inclined surface exiting water. 
       
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS  
       [0011]    The instant invention comprises a vehicle capable of at least partial immersion in water having a means for protecting the cooling fan of the internal combustion engine from damage when the level of water is sufficient to contact the rotating fan blades. 
         [0012]    First the invention will be described in terms of a hydraulically driven fan. When the vehicle reaches a depth in water sufficient to contact the fan blades the flow of hydraulic fluid to the hydraulic motor driving the fan is interrupted. 
         [0013]    In a first embodiment, the interruption of the flow of hydraulic fluid is initiated by a measurement of the depth of water by one or more pressure sensors. The pressure sensors communicate with a controller. The controller is in turn in communication with a diverter valve thereby providing a communication between the pressure sensor and the diverter valve. Upon activation, the diverter valve isolates the hydraulic drive motor by closing the path of hydraulic fluid to the hydraulic drive motor of the fan and the return path to a hydraulic fluid reservoir. In the absence of a motive force to the drive motor, the fan may be permitted to coast to a stop. 
         [0014]    In an alternate embodiment, the diversion of the fan driving force such as electricity or hydraulic fluid may be initiated by activation of an operator accessible switch in interrupt electricity flow to the fan motor. In the case of a hydraulically driven fan, the operator accessible switch communicates with the diverter valve, to by-pass, over-ride, or provide a signal to activate the diverter valve in lieu of the sensor-controller link. 
         [0015]    The water depth sensor may comprise a float and resistor, a pressure sensor, a conductivity sensor, or other sensor for water level appropriate to the circumstance. Typical pressure sensors are available from American Sensor Technologies, Mount Olive, N.J. 07828 United States as model number AST4 7 LP having a detection pressure range from 0 to 5 psig. Typical conductivity sensors are available from Madison Company, Branford, Conn. 06405, United States as model number C4310. 
         [0016]    Location of the sensor within a protective environment protects from false signals as may be initiated by wave action of the water. An open tube or conduit provides a convenient protective environment. A bottom opening in the open tube affords both an entry and drain for water. 
         [0017]    The Figures illustrated the practical application of the invention.  FIG. 1  illustrates an internal combustion engine powered motor vehicle  10  partially submerged in water  12 . In  FIG. 2  the sensors  14 ,  141 ,  142 ,  15 ,  151 ,  152  (conductivity-type) protected within tubes  16  provide data to a controller (not shown) in the form of electrical signals. The controller determines whether the extent of submersion is sufficient to suspend the flow of pressurized hydraulic fluid to the fan hydraulic motor. As illustrated in  FIG. 1 , and  FIG. 2  the vehicle is level in water. The controller receives a signal from both sensors  14 , and  15  indicating that the water level threatens damage to the fan, which initiates an interruption of driving force to the fan motor. 
         [0018]    When the water level signals of the forward and rearward sensors are combined by the controller the combined data and an appropriate algorithm could determine the attitude of the vehicle with respect to the horizontal also called pitch. When combined with the appropriate algorithm, the controller determines when the water level is sufficient to divert the flow of pressurized hydraulic fluid to the fan hydraulic motor thereby preserving the fan and the motor vehicle from damage. 
         [0019]      FIG. 3  illustrates the motor vehicle on an inclined surface entering water. In the direction of travel of the vehicle, forward, sensor  14  is immersed in water, but sensor  15  is not immersed. The controller algorithm may be programmed to divert hydraulic fluid flow if but one sensor of  14  or  15  indicates immersion in water. In appropriate circumstances a plurality of controllers may be employed as illustrated by sensors  141 ,  142 ,  151 ,  152  in combination with appropriate algorithms to provide closer control over fan interruption and account for various slopes of surfaces on which the vehicle operates. 
         [0020]    In an alternative embodiment, sensors indicating the presence of water combined with an inclinometer and an appropriately programmed controller may replace additional sensors to provide data to the controller concerning the vehicle pitch and the presence of water. 
         [0021]      FIG. 4  illustrates the motor vehicle exiting water. The combined sensors again provide data to the controller which, when programmed with appropriate algorithms, determines when the water level has receded sufficiently to resume flow of hydraulic fluid to power the fan  26  to provide air flow through the radiator  28 .  FIG. 4  further illustrates a single sensor  20  in front of and one sensor  22  to the rear of the engine  24 . Rather than a sensor of the conductivity-type, the sensor illustrated in  FIG. 4  is a pressure-type sensor  20 ,  22 . The signal provided the controller indicates the water level in the vicinity of the fan based on the pressure in tube. A single pressure sensor per location is sufficient to indicate the water level. 
         [0022]    Other sensors are contemplated by the invention here described and claimed such as a float-type sensor. 
         [0023]    It will be observed that vehicle is illustrated with respect to forward/rearward orientation. The principle also applies to a side-to-side orientation. If side-to-side attitude, often called “roll” becomes significant in the use of the motor vehicle, then additional sensors to measure water elevation side-to-side and associated suitable algorithms may be provided by an appropriately programmed controller. 
         [0024]    In an alternative embodiment, a combination of water sensors and an inclinometer in communication with an appropriately programmed controller can provide roll data to the controller concerning the vehicle roll and the presence of water. 
         [0025]    The invention described and claimed finds utility in off-road recreation vehicles, heavy equipment used in construction and forestry applications such as loaders, dozers, tree harvesters, and similar vehicles employed on off-road applications particularly those making use of air-cooled fluid heat exchangers. Such air-cooled fluid heat exchangers include engine coolant radiators, transmission coolers, air-conditioning condensers, and similar heat exchangers. The device may also find application for vehicles powered by air-cooled engines having fan driven coolant air. 
         [0026]    While described heretofore in terms of a hydraulically powered cooling fan, a vehicle having an electrically powered fan may similarly be protected from damage to the fan, and vehicle components. In an embodiment having a fan driven by an electric motor, a signal from the controller causes an interruption of electrical power to the fan motor by a switch.