Abstract:
A front section of a motor vehicle body encompasses a bumper and bumper bracket that are designed to retreat during a collision while absorbing energy and momentum, a fresh air passage and a sealing element situated behind the bumper for modulating the throughput of the fresh air passage, which can be dragged along by the retreating bumper or bumper bracket. The sealing element has situated upstream from it a gap that allows the bumper and bumper bracket to retreat without simultaneously taking the sealing element with it.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
       [0001]    This application claims priority to German Patent Application No. 102009031777.5, filed Jul. 6, 2009, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 
       TECHNICAL FIELD 
       [0002]    The present invention relates to a front section of a motor vehicle body, and in particular to a configuration of such a front section that makes it possible to minimize danger to pedestrians in the event of a collision. In general, this danger becomes greater the more compact the motor vehicle design and the more tightly massive components are arranged in the front section of the body deformed by a collision and an engine compartment located behind the latter and potentially also affected by the deformation. 
       BACKGROUND 
       [0003]    It has recently become increasingly common to secure a controllable sealing element also referred to as a shutter to a fresh air passage in the front section of the body through which the engine is supplied with cooling and/or combustion air, making it possible to modulate the throughput of the fresh air passage. For example, by keeping down the throughput at a low engine temperature, the engine can be brought to a stationary operating temperature more quickly. This shortens the low engine temperature phase immediately after starting the engine, thus economizing on fuel and improving exhaust gas quality. Since such a sealing element must be mounted way out in front on the body, in front of the engine and in front of a radiator block upstream from the engine, it is most often already affected by deformation even given a slight collision. 
         [0004]    Therefore, at least one object of the present invention is to provide a front section for a motor vehicle body that effectively protects pedestrians despite the presence of a sealing element that modulates the fresh air passage. In addition, other objects, desirable features, and characteristics will become apparent from the subsequent detailed description, and the appended claims, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and this background. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0005]    The at least one object, other objects, desirable features, and characteristics, are achieved given a front section of a motor vehicle body with a bumper and bumper bracket designed to retreat during a collision while absorbing the energy and momentum, a fresh air passage and a sealing element situated behind the front bumper for modulating the throughput of the fresh air passage that can move together with the retreating bumper or bumper bracket by means of a gap situated upstream from the sealing element into which the bumper and/or bumper bracket is able to retreat without taking the sealing element with it. As a result, a relatively slight impact initially takes place, in which only the bumper and bumper bracket are shifted in contact, and a second impact only takes place after already accelerated in a subsequent phase, which also involves the sealing element. 
         [0006]    An area of the front section lying most to the front in vertical section that first contacts the legs of the pedestrian during a collision is preferably located under knee level to ensure that the pedestrian falls onto the hood instead of being dragged under the vehicle, leaving the knee of the pedestrian as intact as possible in the process. 
         [0007]    An area of the front section second closest to the front that comes into contact with the pedestrian at a slightly later point is preferably situated over the fresh air passage. 
         [0008]    The distance between the area second from the front and the area closest to the front as measured in the traveling direction should correspond at least to the width of the gap as measured in the traveling direction, so that the aforementioned second impact does not take place before the pedestrian comes into contact with the area second closest to the front. 
         [0009]    The bumper preferably envelops the fresh air passage, and the area second closest to the front is also part of the bumper. 
         [0010]    The sealing element can be rigidly joined with the area second closest to the front. Even if this area is part of the bumper, the mobility of the area closest to the front also formed by the bumper is not impaired, since the bumper in it can be deformed into itself 
         [0011]    The fact that the bumper bracket and sealing element can shift toward each other in the traveling direction guided by a gate further helps to stabilize the entire front section of the body. The area of the bumper closest to the front can escape unimpeded toward the back through the sealing element during a collision, until the gap has been occupied, while a greater resistance can be offered to lateral forces of the kind that arise to a significant extent given a collision between two vehicles. 
         [0012]    Such a gate guidance can best be realized for the bumper bracket and sealing element by providing one with a back-cut groove oriented in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle, and the other with a slider that positively engages back cuts in the groove. In this way, the mobility of the bumper bracket and sealing element relative to each other can be limited as needed both in the vertical and in the transverse direction of the motor vehicle to a clearance between the groove and slider engaging the latter. 
         [0013]    The bumper bracket and sealing element can expediently be held together by a clamp secured to both. Under normal operating conditions, the latter immovably holds the sealing element on the bumper bracket, but can detach during a collision, so that the sealing element need not retreat together with the bumper bracket during a collision from the very outset, but rather only once the upstream gap has been ripped open. 
         [0014]    In order for the spring to automatically release during a collision, it is best detachable from the bumper bracket and/or sealing element in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0015]    The present invention will hereinafter be described in conjunction with the following drawing figures, wherein like numerals denote like elements, and: 
           [0016]      FIG. 1  is a diagrammatic, perspective view of a front section of a motor vehicle body; 
           [0017]      FIG. 2  is a diagrammatic, partial view through the front section.; 
           [0018]      FIG. 3  is a section similar to  FIG. 2  through the front section of a second embodiment of the invention; 
           [0019]      FIG. 4  is a section along the plane marked IV-IV on  FIG. 3 ; and 
           [0020]      FIG. 5  is a section similar to  FIG. 2  according to a third embodiment of the invention. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0021]    The following detailed description is merely exemplary in nature and is not intended to limit the invention or the application and uses of the invention. Furthermore, there is no intention to be bound by any theory presented in the preceding background of the invention or the following detailed description. 
         [0022]      FIG. 1  shows a front portion of a motor vehicle, for which the present invention can be used. The visible parts of the front portion essentially consist of a front or engine hood  1 , fenders  2  and a flexible, shell-shaped bumper  3  molded out of plastic, which forms roughly the lower half of the front portion, up to and including a front part of wheel wells  4 . An inlet opening  6  for cooling and combustion air is fashioned in the bumper  3  below a license plate box  5 . A lower cross bracket  7  below the inlet opening  6  forms the area of the bumper  3  projecting the most toward the front and the entire front portion; an upper cross bracket  8  carrying the license plate box  5  is slightly recessed by comparison. 
         [0023]      FIG. 2  shows a diagrammatic, vertical section through the bumper  3  and its environment in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle. The lower cross bracket  7  is reinforced by a lower bumper bracket  9  made of injection molded plastic, which is supported in a known manner not depicted here by means of backwardly directed arms in supporting sections of the body, such as longitudinal brackets or an auxiliary frame. A front area of the lower bumper bracket  9  is shaped like an essentially horizontal plate  10 , the front edge of which supports the lower bumper bracket  9  directly in back of its point  11  that projects the furthest toward the front. The plate  10  can be reinforced in a suitable way by molded on ribs  12 . The point  13  of the upper cross bracket  8  furthest toward the front is recessed by a distance d of a few centimeters relative to the point  11  of the lower cross bracket  7  furthest toward the front. 
         [0024]    Situated behind a ventilation louver  14  latched into the inlet opening  6  of the bumper  3  is a shutter  15 . The shutter  15  encompasses a frame  16  that inwardly shifts the edges of the inlet opening  6  and guides the incoming stream of fresh air to the engine compartment lying behind, hinged and suspended shut-off lamellae  17  adjacent to a rear wall of the frame  16 , as well as a web  18  that downwardly projects from the frame  16  and extends in the widthwise direction of the vehicle, which is situated opposite a vertical rib  19  of the lower bumper bracket  9  at a distance D at least as great as the distance d between points  11  and  13  as measured in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle. A radiator block behind the shut-off lamellae  17  is not depicted on  FIG. 2 . 
         [0025]    The upper cross bracket  8  of the bumper  3  is supported in a known manner by an upper bumper bracket  20 , for example made of a steel profile, via a layer  21  of an absorber material that compresses in the event of a collision, for example a rigid foam. 
         [0026]    Given a collision with a pedestrian, the front point  11  of the lower cross bracket  7  initially comes into contact with the shin of the pedestrian, and begins to accelerate the latter forward, even before contact is made between the thigh of the pedestrian and the upper cross bracket  8  at point  13 . Since the shutter  15  is not rigidly connected with the lower cross bracket  7  or the lower bumper bracket  9  in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle, the contact initially only downwardly deflects the lower cross bracket  7  and its carrier, but not the shutter  15 . As a result, the mass of the deflected parts is low, causing the momentum to be transferred from the vehicle to the shin of the pedestrian at a relatively low rate of acceleration. This can be reproduced by way of a comparison with the known principles behind an elastic thrust: If a moving, heavy body hits a light body at rest, momentum and energy conservation cause the light body to fly away from the heavy body at a higher velocity than the original velocity of the heavy body; however, if a light body impacts a heavy body, the latter is only slightly accelerated, while the light body rebounds. While the collision examined here is not elastic, the extent of the acceleration, and hence the potential danger, can be minimized in this case if the components of the vehicle involved in the initial moment of the collision are lightweight. This is achieved by initially keeping the shutter  15  out of the collision, and only allowing it to come into play when the gap  22  between the web  18  and rib  19  has been closed by the collision. This time can coincide with the initial contact between the thigh and upper cross bracket  8 , or even be slightly later. 
         [0027]      FIG. 3  shows a partial diagrammatic section similar to  FIG. 2  through the front section of a motor vehicle body according to a second embodiment of the invention. Components in this embodiment that correspond to those already described with reference to  FIG. 2  are labeled with the same reference numbers, and will not be defined again. The embodiment on  FIG. 3  differs from the one on  FIG. 2  by the absence of the web  18  that supports the shutter  15  against the lower cross bracket  7 . Therefore, the lower bumper bracket  9  could in principle retreat as desired given a collision, without ever hitting the shutter  15  and dragging along the latter. For this reason, a gap  22  defining how far the lower cross bracket  7  and lower bumper bracket  9  can jointly retreat without taking the shutter  15  with them is in this embodiment located between a front edge of a lower leg of the frame  16  and the front point  11  of the lower cross bracket  7 . 
         [0028]    The sectional plane on  FIG. 3  extends in the longitudinal direction through a slider  23 , which supports the shutter  15  against an upper side of the lower bumper bracket  9 . As shown on  FIG. 4 , the slider  23  resembles an upside down T in cross section, and on the upper side of the lower bumper bracket  9  engages into a groove  25  bordered on either side by projections  24  with an L-shaped cross section. While the engaging slider  23  supports the weight of the shutter  15  on the bumper bracket  9 , the bumper bracket  9  initially remains movable in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle during a collision, without taking the shutter  15  with it. Only once a front edge of the frame  16  hits the bumper  3  from inside at the height of point  11  does the shutter  15  begin to retreat along with the bumper  3  and bumper bracket  9 . 
         [0029]      FIG. 5  shows another partial cross section through a front section of a motor vehicle body according to the present invention. The elements described with reference to  FIG. 2  are again marked with the same reference numbers as used there, and will not be described again. A backwardly projecting web  26  is molded onto a rear side of the lower bumper bracket  9 . This web  26  carries a web  27  that is joined as a single piece with the frame  16  of the shutter  15 . The free edges of both webs  26 ,  27  face toward the back relative to the longitudinal direction of the vehicle. Secured to these free edges is an elastic clamp  28 , here in the form of a profile with a roughly shaped cross section made of spring steel, pressing the two webs  26 ,  27  together, thereby immovably fixing the shutter  15  to the bumper bracket  9  under normal conditions. If the bumper bracket  9  is compressed in the event of a collision, the web  26  takes the chamber  28  with it. The clamping power of the clamp  28  is tuned to the inertia of the shutter  15  in such a way that, given such a collision, the shutter  15  initially does not follow the retreating bumper bracket  9 , and the clamp  28  instead slips off the web  27 . As in the embodiment on  FIG. 3 , the shutter  15  only begins to retreat with the bumper  3  and its bracket  9  when the gap  22  between the front edge of the frame  16  and the lower cross bracket  7  of the bumper  3  has been torn open, and the front edge of the frame  16  hits the interior side of the bumper  3 . 
         [0030]    While at least one exemplary embodiment has been presented in the foregoing summary and detailed description, it should be appreciated that a vast number of variations exist. It should also be appreciated that the exemplary embodiment or exemplary embodiments are only examples, and are not intended to limit the scope, applicability, or configuration in any way. Rather, the foregoing summary and detailed description will provide those skilled in the art with a convenient road map for implementing an exemplary embodiment, it being understood that various changes may be made in the function and arrangement of elements described in an exemplary embodiment without departing from the scope as set forth in the appended claims and their legal equivalents.