Abstract:
An aqueous and semi-aqueous formulation useful for removing post etch and ash residue from Cu low K dielectric semiconductor devices. The composition comprises a polycarboxylic acid buffering system, a fluoride system, water, a water miscible organic solvent for the said aqueous compositions and optionally a chelating agent, a metal corrosion inhibitor and a surfactant.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0001]    The present invention relates to a composition comprising a processing aid in the manufacture of semiconductor components and more particularly to aqueous and semi-aqueous residue removing compositions for semiconductor components as well as for cleansing free of residue, processing equipment and tools used in semiconductor manufacturing operations. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    During the fabrication of semiconductor devices, plasma etching, ion milling, reactive ion etching, and similar techniques, are used to remove material from a substrate, resulting in an etched pattern on the substrate. This etching process generates complex residues, formed from the interaction of plasma gases, substrate and resist materials. These residues often stubbornly resist removal even by known rigorous means. It is crucial that the residues generated from the etch process be completely removed, with little or no significant damage or further etching of the underlying substrate. In some cases, this substrate may have more than one material exposed. For example, zero valent copper, organosilicate glass and tetraethylorthosilicate may all be present in the underlying substrate. Exposure to a liquid cleaner or residue remover can result in damage to one or more of these surfaces. Accordingly, it is desirable to have a cleaning solution that removes all unwanted residues without damaging the exposed components of the substrate. As device geometry shrinks with each new technology node, any ancillary etching of the components of the substrate takes on even greater importance. 
         [0003]    Each residue removers can be applied to a semiconductor wafer with a variety of tools. One method is to immerse a wafer or wafers, via a carrier, in a tank or sink of etch residue remover, at a fixed time and temperature. Subsequent rinsing and drying affords a clean semiconductor wafer ready for the next step in the manufacturing process. Other methods of application include spray tools, where the cleaner is sprayed onto rotating wafers, or single wafer tools, where the cleaner is applied directly to a single spinning wafer. Wafers are then rinsed and dried in a prescribed manner. Those skilled in the art will be familiar with the various iterations of cleaning tools and their manufacturers. 
         [0004]    Cleaning formulations described in prior art use a variety of organic acids as buffers, mostly in a semi-aqueous fluoride matrix. These acids include acetic acid, lactic acid, formic acid, diacids such as adipic acid or malonic acid, and a variety of aminosulfonic acids. All of the above listed acids, and other, can provide a buffering effect defined as the ability to resist changes in pH when small amounts of acids or bases are added, or water is added or removed from the formulation. Buffers are most effective when the pH is set to within about 1 pH unit of the pKa value. For example, acetic acid has a pKa of 4.76. An effective buffer can be formed with acetic acid between the pH of about 3.75 and 5.75. Addition of small amounts of acid or base, or addition or removal of water from an acetic acid buffer prepared in this range will not substantially change the pH. Similarly, polyprotic carboxylic acids have been shown to form an effective buffer around each of their respective pKa values. A diacid, such as tartaric acid, with pKa values of 2.96 and 4.24, can be an effective buffer within about 1 pH unit of each pKa value. A triacid, such as citric acid, can also form an effective buffer around its 3 pKa values, 3.13, 4.76 and 6.94. Since these values are so close to each other, the effective overall buffering range of citric acid is about 4-7.5. 
         [0005]    Many varieties of formulations have been shown to be effective in cleaning semiconductor devices. These formulations include solvent based, amine based, semi-aqueous, and fluoride containing. With continued emphasis, within this discipline, on containing costs and minimizing employee exposure to hazardous chemicals, effective environmentally friendlier water-based etch residue removers have been devised and are the subject of the present invention. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0006]    The present invention provides an aqueous and semi-aqueous etch residue removal/cleaning composition useful in removing etch residues from semiconductor wafers without damaging the underlying substrate. The compositions are also useful as cleaners for wafer processing equipment. The aqueous compositions are comprised of a water soluble organic polycarboxylic acid, a non-metal base in proportion to the acid to form an effective buffer, a fluoride source and water. The semi-aqueous compositions are comprised of an organic polyprotic carboxylic acid, a non-metal base in proportion to the acid to form an effective buffer, a fluoride source, water, and a water miscible organic solvent. In addition, both the aqueous and semi-aqueous compositions may optionally contain multiple additives such as, chelating agents, surfactants and corrosion inhibitors. A description and functional of such additives is disclosed in co-pending application U.S. Publication No. 2006/0172906. The description of which is incorporated herein by reference. The products comprising the composition of the invention are free of hazardous or toxic properties. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES 
         [0007]      FIG. 1A  illustrates a typical wafer containing etch residue and with the vias clogged with etch and ash residue before cleansing. 
           [0008]      FIG. 1B  illustrates the cleansed wafer of  FIG. 1A  in which the etch residue has been removed leaving vias free of the residue. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0009]    As hereinabove noted, the aqueous compositions of the invention provide more highly effective water-based semiconductor residue cleansing aqueous and semi-aqueous cleansing compositions comprising namely (A) an organic polycarboxylic acid, a non-metal base in proportion to the acid to form an effective buffer, a fluoride source and water, whereas the semi-aqueous compositions comprise; and (B) an organic polycarboxylic acid, a non-metal base in proportion to the acid to form an effective buffer, a fluoride source, water, and a water miscible organic solvent. Both the aqueous and semi-aqueous compositions A and B may optionally contain a chelating agent, surfactant or corrosion inhibitor. 
         [0010]    The invention contemplates the provision of compositions of A and B that comprise variable proportions of the prescribed components such as the propositioned shown by the illustrated examples summarized in Table 1. 
         [0011]    In addition to ammonium fluoride, the fluoride source utilized may comprise various other fluorides known to those skilled in the art as suitable alternatives to ammonium fluoride including various tetraalkylammonium fluorides such as, tetramethylammonium fluoride, and tetrabutylammonium fluoride, and hydrofluoric acid and fluoroboric acid. 
         [0012]    In some of the formulations summarized in Table 1, where the solubility of components in a matrix are found to be problematic, solubility is usually enhanced by the addition of an organic cosolvent. The semi-aqueous formulations can be useful in more efficiently removing a variety of etch residue where the aqueous formulations are less effective. 
         [0013]    The invention formulations, including those set forth in Table 1, are prepared by combining the components in their prescribed ratios in a non reactive plastic container and then stirring the mixture until complete dissolution results which usually occurs within a few minutes. When preparing quantities greater than 1 gallon, it may be advantageous to add water as the first component, followed by the gradual addition of each of the other solid components to prevent clumping and enhance dissolution. In most cases, some exotherm may be observed, due to the reaction of a weak acid and a weak base. Normally, external cooling is not required to control any temperature increase. 
         [0014]    Etch rates utilizing the cleaning formulations of the invention were determined using a Mitsubishi Loresta AP Super-Intelligent Resistivity Meter Model MCP T400. As a specific example, identified at reference in Table 1 as No. 6, 1000 grams of cleaning formulation was prepared as described above. Thickness of a blanket wafer segment (size=1.5×1.5 in.) was determined initially, and the wafer segment was then immersed in about 400 mL of formulation, stirred at 400 rpm on a magnetic stir plate at a prescribed temperature for 10 minutes. The wafer segment was then rinsed with water, dried and the thickness was measured again. To ensure accuracy, three separate samples were tested and the results averaged. The etch rate was then determined by dividing the average change in thickness by 10. 
         [0015]    To evaluate the cleansing effectiveness, several gallons of formulation identified in Table 1 as No. 6 were loaded into an SEZ Zincillator single wafer tool. A patterned copper/CORAL wafer segment (about 2×2 in.) was secured, by means of two-sided tape, to a blanket 8 in silicon dioxide wafer at the center. The blanket wafer then was secured to a chuck, which was spun at about 500 rpm. Formulation No. 6 was then applied to the spinning wafer segment in a continuous stream for times ranging from 30 sec. to 120 sec. at 27 degrees centigrade. The wafer segment was then rinsed with distilled water and dried under a stream of nitrogen gas. Analysis of the cleaned wafer segment by a high resolution Scanning Electreon Microscope showed the pattern to be free of residue, in comparison to the uncleaned wafer segment. A detailed analysis of the cleaned wafer showed that there was minimal loss of underlying copper or Coral dielectric material. Table 1 is a compilation of various useful compositions within the contemplation of the invention. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Formulations as weight % 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Component 
                 1 
                 2 
                 3 
                 4 
                 5 
                 6 
                 7 
                 8 
                 9 
                 10 
                 11 
                 12 
                 13 
                 14 
                 15 
                 16 
                 17 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 tartaric acid 
                 2 
                 2 
                 2 
                 2 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 2 
                 2 
                 2 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 citric acid 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 2 
                 2 
                 2 
                 2 
                 2 
                 2 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 2 
                 20 
                 2 
                 2 
               
               
                 monoethanolamine 
                 1.8 
                 1.5 
                 0.85 
                 — 
                 1.44 
                 1.44 
                 0.5 
                 0.5 
                 1.8 
                 1.8 
                 1.8 
                 1.8 
                 1.8 
                 1.8 
                 14.4 
                 1.8 
                 1.8 
               
               
                 4% ammonium 
                 2 
                 2 
                 2 
                 2 
                 2 
                 5 
                 2 
                 5 
                 2 
                 5 
                 2 
                 2 
                 2 
                 2 
                 50 
                 2 
                 2 
               
               
                 fluoride 
               
               
                 water 
                 94.2 
                 94.5 
                 95.15 
                 96 
                 94.56 
                 91.56 
                 95.5 
                 92.5 
                 94.2 
                 91.2 
                 30 
                 30 
                 30 
                 30 
                 15.6 
                 40 
                 40 
               
               
                 dimethylacetamide 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 64.2 
                 — 
                 — 
                 64.2 
                 — 
                 54.2 
                 — 
               
               
                 Dipropyleneglycoldimethyl 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 64.2 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 ether 
               
               
                 tetramethoxy 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 64.2 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 propane 
               
               
                 NMP 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 54.2 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0016]    Considering the desired criteria of minimal etching and efficient cleaning, the formulations 5, 6, 9, 10, 11, 15, 16 and 17 were found to be useful, with those of examples 6, 15 and 17 listed in Table 1 showing the initial pH and the pH over a 10 day period. This data is significant because during the cleaning process of semiconductor devices, exposed metals and dielectrics are sensitive to changes in pH. In the case of formulations containing fluoride, etch rate is a function of pH. A formulation with a lower drifting pH will likely etch sensitive dielectrics faster, resulting in an inconsistent or undesirable result from batch to batch or even from wafer to wafer. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 pH over 10 days 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Formulation # 
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 5 
                 6 
                 7 
                 8 
                 9 
                 10 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 t = 0 
                 5.5 
                 5.5 
                 4.2 
                 5 
                 6.2 
                 6.1 
               
               
                   
                 pH 
               
               
                   
                 t = 10 days 
                 5.5 
                 5.6 
                 4.2 
                 5.1 
                 6.2 
                 6 
               
               
                   
                 pH 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0017]    Table 3 demonstrates the etch rates of formulations selected from those sampled in Table 1 on a variety of substrates of the kind typically used for semiconductor fabrication. Desirable compositions contemplated by the invention are those formulations that have a minimal attack on the wafer substrate. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 3 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Etch Rates in angstroms/minute 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Substrate 
                 Temp. (C.) 
                 5 
                 6 
                 7 
                 8 
                 9 
                 10 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 doped (1) 
                 25 
                 1 
                 10 
                 47 
                 113 
                 0 
                 2 
               
               
                 TEOS (2) 
                 40 
                 2 
                 20 
                 117 
                 293 
                 2 
                 2 
               
               
                 OSG (3) 
                 25 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
                 2 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 40 
                 0 
                 0 
                 2 
                 4 
                 0 
                 1 
               
               
                 SIN (4) 
                 25 
                 2 
                 1 
                 ~ 
                 ~ 
                 0 
                 1 
               
               
                   
                 40 
                 6 
                 5 
                 ~ 
                 ~ 
                 0 
                 2 
               
               
                 SICN (5) 
                 25 
                 2 
                 1 
                 ~ 
                 ~ 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 40 
                 3 
                 2 
                 ~ 
                 ~ 
                 0 
                 2 
               
               
                 Cu (6) 
                 25 
                 2 
                 2 
                 ~ 
                 ~ 
                 6 
                 2 
               
               
                   
                 40 
                 2 
                 2 
                 ~ 
                 ~ 
                 7 
                 5 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 (1) Typical doping agents include, boron and phosphorous; 
               
               
                 (2) TEOS = tetraethylorthosilicate; 
               
               
                 (3) OSG = organosilicate glass; 
               
               
                 (4) SiN = silicon nitride; 
               
               
                 (5) SiCN = silicon carbon nitride; and 
               
               
                 (6) Cu = copper 
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0018]    Although the invention has been described in terms of specific tests and embodiments, one skilled in the art can substitute other known tests and embodiments based on the teaching provided and they are meant to be included herein. Accordingly, the invention is only to be limited by the scope of the appended claims.