Abstract:
In a fluorescent X-ray analysis method, a sample ( 1 ) is set on a sample stage ( 2 ) on an upper side of an X-ray irradiation chamber ( 7 ) and a sample cover ( 6 ) is closed from the upper part of the sample ( 1 ) to surround the sample ( 1 ), and then, a lower plane of the sample ( 1 ) is irradiated with X-ray for analysis. When the sample ( 1 ) is set on the sample stage ( 2 ) and the sample cover ( 6 ) is closed, a cover detecting means ( 8 ) detects that the sample cover ( 6 ) is closed and X-ray is automatically projected from an X-ray source ( 3 ) to start analysis.

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is the U.S. National Phase under 35 U.S.C. § 371 of International Application No. PCT/JP2005/007774 filed on Apr. 25, 2005, which in turn claims the benefit of Japanese Application No. 2004-133134, filed on Apr. 28, 2004, the disclosures of which Applications are incorporated by reference herein. 
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present invention relates to a fluorescent X-ray analysis device that detects secondary X-rays (known as fluorescent X-rays) generated secondarily from a sample when the sample is irradiated with X-rays, and analyzing the components contained in the sample. 
     BACKGROUND ART 
     A typical fluorescent X-ray analysis device is made up of an X-ray irradiation chamber equipped with at least an X-ray source and an X-ray detector, a sample stage on which a sample is placed and which has an X-ray irradiation opening above the X-ray irradiation chamber, and a sample cover which is a sealing and blocking type of structure for preventing X-rays from leaking outside and which is located on top of the sample stage (see Patent Document 1, for example). 
     The analysis method involves first placing a sample on the sample stage so as to close off the X-ray irradiation opening with the sample cover open. The sample cover is then lowered until it comes into contact with the sample stage so as to close off the sample and prevent X-rays from leaking outside. After this, an analysis start switch is turned on, X-rays are emitted from the X-ray source, and the lower side of the sample is irradiated through the X-ray irradiation opening. Fluorescent X-rays generated from this irradiation site are detected by the X-ray detector and converted into an electrical signal, and processing is performed to produce an X-ray spectrum expressed as energy versus intensity. 
     With the above-mentioned fluorescent X-ray analysis method and device, a sensor that detects when the sample cover is touching the sample stage is attached as a safety measure in order to prevent X-rays from leaking out to the surrounding area. 
     Patent Document 1: Japanese published unexamined patent application 2000-162161. 
     DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION 
     As mentioned above, conventional fluorescent X-ray analysis methods and devices included safety measures, but the work of opening and closing the sample cover that prevented X-ray leakage was separate from the work of emitting X-rays from the X-ray source and analyzing the sample, so a problem was that work efficiency was low in this analysis. Also, when the analysis start switch was turned on, X-rays were emitted from the X-ray source and analysis was commenced even if there was no sample on the sample stage or if the sample was not properly positioned, and this left open the possibility of incurring analysis work losses. 
     The present invention was conceived in an effort to solve the above problems, and it is an object thereof to provide a fluorescent X-ray analysis method and device with which analysis can be carried out more efficiently. 
     The present invention that achieves the stated object is constituted as follows. 
     The fluorescent X-ray analysis method of the present invention is a fluorescent X-ray analysis method in which a sample covered by a sample cover openably and closeably attached to a sample stage is irradiated with X-rays, and the fluorescent X-rays emitted from the sample are detected, comprising determining whether the sample cover is open or closed, and when the sample cover is closed, starting the X-ray irradiation of the sample. With this fluorescent X-ray analysis method, when the sample cover is closed, it is detected that the sample cover is closed and the X-ray irradiation of the sample begins automatically, so the sample can be analyzed more efficiently. 
     The fluorescent X-ray analysis device of the present invention comprises a sample stage upon which a sample can be placed, a sample cover openably and closeably attached to the sample stage, an X-ray irradiation unit for irradiating the sample with X-rays, a fluorescent X-ray detection unit for detecting fluorescent X-rays from the sample, a sample cover open/closed detection unit for detecting whether the sample cover is open or closed, and an X-ray irradiation starting unit for starting the X-ray irradiation of the sample when the sample cover is closed, on the basis of a signal from the sample cover open/closed detection unit. With this fluorescent X-ray analysis device, when the sample cover is closed, it is detected that the sample cover is closed and the X-ray irradiation of the sample begins automatically, so the sample can be analyzed more efficiently. 
     The fluorescent X-ray analysis method is a fluorescent X-ray analysis method in which a sample covered by a sample cover openably and closeably attached to a sample stage is irradiated with X-rays, and the fluorescent X-rays emitted from the sample are detected, comprising of determining whether the sample cover is open or closed, determining whether or not the sample has been placed on the sample stage, when the sample cover is closed, starting the X-ray irradiation of the sample, and even when the sample cover is closed, not irradiating the sample with X-rays if the sample has not been placed on the sample stage. With this fluorescent X-ray analysis method, since the X-ray irradiation of the sample is begun automatically when the sample cover is closed, the sample can be analyzed more efficiently. Also, since even when the sample cover is closed, the sample is not irradiated with X-rays if the sample has not been placed on the sample stage, no analysis work losses are incurred. 
     The fluorescent X-ray analysis device of the present invention comprises a sample stage upon which a sample can be placed, a sample cover openably and closeably attached to the sample stage, an X-ray irradiation unit for irradiating the sample with X-rays, a fluorescent X-ray detection unit for detecting fluorescent X-rays from the sample, a sample cover open/closed detection unit for detecting whether the sample cover is open or closed, a sample recognition unit for determining whether or not the sample has been placed on the sample stage, and an X-ray irradiation starting unit for starting the X-ray irradiation of the sample when the sample cover is closed, or, even when the sample cover is closed, not irradiating the sample with X-rays if the sample has not been put in place, on the basis of a signal from the sample cover open/closed detection unit and the sample recognition unit. With this fluorescent X-ray analysis device, since the X-ray irradiation of the sample is begun automatically when the sample cover is closed, the sample can be analyzed more efficiently. Also, since even when the sample cover is closed, the sample is not irradiated with X-rays if the sample has not been placed on the sample stage, no analysis work losses are incurred. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a simplified diagram of the fluorescent X-ray analysis device of the present invention; 
         FIG. 2  is an operational diagram of the fluorescent X-ray analysis device of the present invention; 
         FIG. 3  is an operational diagram of the fluorescent X-ray analysis device of the present invention; 
         FIG. 4  is a flowchart of the fluorescent X-ray analysis device of the present invention; 
         FIG. 5  is a simplified diagram of the fluorescent X-ray analysis device of the present invention; 
         FIG. 6  is a flowchart of the fluorescent X-ray analysis device of the present invention; 
         FIG. 7  is a simplified diagram of the fluorescent X-ray analysis device of the present invention; 
         FIG. 8  is a flowchart of the fluorescent X-ray analysis device of the present invention; 
         FIG. 9  is an operational diagram of the fluorescent X-ray analysis device of the present invention; 
         FIG. 10  is an operational diagram of the fluorescent X-ray analysis device of the present invention; and 
         FIG. 11  is a flowchart of the fluorescent X-ray analysis device of the present invention. 
     
    
    
     NUMERICAL REFERENCES 
       1  sample 
       2  sample stage 
       3  X-ray source (X-ray irradiation means) 
       4  X-ray detector (X-ray detection means) 
       5  X-ray irradiation opening 
       6  sample cover 
       7  X-ray irradiation chamber 
       8  cover detection means (cover open/closed detection means) 
       9  drive means (X-ray irradiation starting means) 
       10 ,  12  sample recognition means 
       11  processing means 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     With the fluorescent X-ray analysis method and device of the present invention, a sample placed on a sample stage at the top of an X-ray irradiation chamber, a sample cover is closed above the sample so as to enclosed the sample, and then the bottom side of the sample is irradiated with X-rays and analyzed, wherein this method is characterized in that when the sample is placed on the sample stage and the sample cover is closed, it is detected that the sample cover has been closed, and the emission of X-rays from an X-ray source and analysis are automatically commenced. 
     Also, this method is characterized in that when the sample cover is closed, it is detected that the sample cover has been closed, and the emission of X-rays from an X-ray source and analysis are automatically commenced only on the condition that it has been recognized that the sample is located above the X-ray irradiation opening in the sample stage. 
     First Embodiment 
     The fluorescent X-ray analysis method and device of the present invention will now be described through reference to  FIGS. 1 to 8 . 
       FIG. 1  is a simplified diagram of the fluorescent X-ray analysis device of the present invention,  FIGS. 2 and 3  are operational diagrams of the fluorescent X-ray analysis device of the present invention, and  FIG. 4  is a flowchart of the fluorescent X-ray analysis device of the present invention.  1  is the sample to be measured,  2  is a sample stage on which the sample  1  is placed,  3  is an X-ray source,  4  is an X-ray detector,  5  is an X-ray irradiation opening,  6  is a sample cover,  7  is an X-ray irradiation chamber,  8  is a pressure sensor (cover detection means), and  9  is a drive means. 
     As shown in  FIG. 1 , the X-ray irradiation chamber  7  of the fluorescent X-ray analysis device is equipped with the X-ray source  3  and the X-ray detector  4  and is disposed on the lower side of the sample stage  2 . The sample  1  is irradiated with X-rays from the X-ray source  3  through the X-ray irradiation opening  5  made in the sample stage  2 , and fluorescent X-rays are detected by the X-ray detector  4 . The sample cover  6 , which can be opened and closed to prevent the leakage of X-rays, is attached at the top of the sample stage  2 , and the pressure sensor  8  (cover detection means), which detects whether the sample cover  6  is open or closed, is attached to the sample stage  2 . The drive means  9  performs X-ray irradiation from the X-ray source  3 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 2 , the first step in the sample analysis is to place the sample  1  on the sample stage  2  with the sample cover  6  open. The sample cover  6  is then closed as shown in  FIG. 3 . At this point, the pressure sensor  8  (cover detection means) detects that the sample cover  6  has been closed, and upon receiving this signal the drive means  9  causes X-rays to be automatically emitted from the X-ray source  3 , and the sample  1  to be irradiated through the X-ray irradiation opening  5  in the sample stage  2 . Upon being irradiated with X-rays, the sample  1  generates fluorescent X-rays, which are detected by the X-ray detector  4  and then converted into an electrical signal, and processing is performed to produce an X-ray spectrum expressed as energy versus intensity. A laser sensor or the like may also be used for the cover detection means  8 . 
     The fluorescent X-ray analysis method and device in this embodiment will now be described through reference to the flowchart in  FIG. 4 . 
     When power is switched on to the device (step S 1 ), the drive means  9  determines on the basis of the signal from the cover detection means  8  whether or not the cover  6  is closed (whether or not there has been a transition from an open state to a closed state) (step S 2 ). When the cover  6  is closed, the X-ray source  3  is driven so that the sample  1  is irradiated with X-rays (step S 3 ). In other words, X-ray irradiation begins automatically as soon as the operator places the sample  1  on the sample stage  2  and then closes the sample cover  6 . 
     The result of the above constitution and operation is that with the fluorescent X-ray analysis method and device of the present invention, when the sample cover is closed, it is detected that the sample cover has been closed and X-ray irradiation from the X-ray source and analysis are begun automatically, so the sample can be analyzed more efficiently. 
     Second Embodiment 
       FIG. 5  is a simplified diagram of the fluorescent X-ray analysis device of the present invention, and  FIG. 6  is a flowchart of the fluorescent X-ray analysis device of the present invention.  10  is a CCD camera (sample recognition means), and  11  is a processing means. 
     As shown in  FIG. 5 , the fluorescent X-ray analysis device has a pressure sensor  8  (cover detection means) for detecting whether the sample cover  6  is open or closed, and the CCD camera  10  (sample recognition means) for recognizing whether the sample  1  is on the sample stage  2  in the X-ray irradiation chamber  7  and where the sample  1  is located thereon. A signal is sent to the drive means  9  by the processing means  11 , which processes the signals from the cover detection means  8  and the sample recognition means  10 , and X-rays are emitted from the X-ray source  3 . 
     The first step in the sample analysis is to place the sample  1  on the sample stage  2  with the sample cover  6  open. The sample cover  6  is then closed. At this point, the pressure sensor  8  (cover detection means) detects that the sample cover  6  has been closed, and the CCD camera  10  (sample recognition means) recognizes whether the sample  1  is on the sample stage  2  and where the sample  1  is located thereon. A signal indicating that the sample cover  6  has been closed, and a signal indicating that it has been recognized that the sample  1  is positioned over the X-ray irradiation opening  5  in the sample stage  2  are sent to the processing means  11 . 
     When the processing means  11  receives these two signals, the drive means  9  automatically causes X-rays to be emitted from the X-ray source  3 , and the sample  1  to be irradiated through the X-ray irradiation opening  5  in the sample stage  2 . Upon being irradiated with X-rays, the sample  1  generates fluorescent X-rays, which are detected by the X-ray detector  4  and then converted into an electrical signal, and processing is performed to produce an X-ray spectrum expressed as energy versus intensity. 
     The fluorescent X-ray analysis method and device in this embodiment will now be described through reference to the flowchart in  FIG. 6 . 
     When power is switched on to the device (step S 1 ), the processing means  11  determines on the basis of the signal from the cover detection means  8  whether or not the cover  6  is closed (whether or not there has been a transition from an open state to a closed state) (step S 2 ). When the cover  6  is closed, the processing means  11  determines on the basis of the signal from the sample recognition means  10  whether or not the sample  1  is in place on the stage (step S 4 ). If the sample  1  is in place on the stage, the processing means  11  directs the drive means  9  to cause X-rays to be emitted from the X-ray source  3 . The X-ray source  3  is driven so that the sample  1  is irradiated with X-rays (step S 3 ). In other words, X-ray irradiation begins automatically as soon as the operator places the sample  1  on the sample stage  2  and then closes the sample cover  6 . If the sample  1  has not been put in place, however, X-ray irradiation is not performed. 
     The result of the above constitution and operation is that with the fluorescent X-ray analysis method and device of the present invention, when the sample cover is closed, it is detected that the sample cover has been closed, and it is recognized that the sample is in place above the X-ray irradiation opening in the sample stage, and only when these two conditions are met are X-rays automatically emitted from the X-ray source and analysis performed, so the sample can be analyzed more efficiently, and no analysis work losses are incurred. 
     Also, since the sample is recognized with a CCD camera, it can be viewed from a distance that will not affect the fluorescent X-ray analysis. Furthermore, the image produced by the CCD camera can be checked visually, making it possible to check that the sample is in the proper location on the sample stage. 
     A photointerrupter consisting of an LED and a phototransistor may be used, for example, instead of a CCD camera as the sample recognition means. In this case, one of the members constituting the photointerrupter is fixed to the sample cover. A reflective photosensor may also be used. 
     Third Embodiment 
       FIG. 7  is a simplified diagram of the fluorescent X-ray analysis device of the present invention, and  FIG. 8  is a flowchart of the fluorescent X-ray analysis device of the present invention.  12  is a pressure sensitive device (sample recognition means). 
     As shown in  FIG. 7 , the fluorescent X-ray analysis device is such that the pressure sensor  8  (cover detection means) that detects whether the sample cover  6  is open or closed, and the pressure sensitive device  12  (sample recognition means) that recognizes whether the sample  1  is on the sample stage  2  and the location of the sample  1  thereon, are incorporated in the sample stage  2 . A signal is sent to the drive means  9  by the processing means  11 , which processes the signals from the cover detection means  8  and the sample recognition means  12 , and X-rays are emitted from the X-ray source  3 . 
     The first step in the sample analysis is to place the sample  1  on the sample stage  2  with the sample cover  6  open. The sample cover  6  is then closed. At this point, the pressure sensor  8  (cover detection means) detects that the sample cover  6  has been closed, and the pressure sensitive device  12  (sample recognition means) checks whether the sample  1  is on the sample stage  2  and the location of the sample  1  thereon. A signal indicating that the sample cover  6  has been closed, and a signal indicating that it has been recognized that the sample  1  is positioned over the X-ray irradiation opening  5  in the sample stage  2  are sent to the processing means  11 . 
     When the processing means  11  receives these two signals, the drive means  9  automatically causes X-rays to be emitted from the X-ray source  3 , and the sample  1  to be irradiated through the X-ray irradiation opening  5  in the sample stage  2 . Upon being irradiated with X-rays, the sample  1  generates fluorescent X-rays, which are detected by the X-ray detector  4  and then converted into an electrical signal, and processing is performed to produce an X-ray spectrum expressed as energy versus intensity. 
     The fluorescent X-ray analysis method and device in this embodiment will now be described through reference to the flowchart in  FIG. 8 . 
     When power is switched on to the device (step S 1 ), the processing means  11  determines on the basis of the signal from the cover detection means  8  whether or not the cover  6  is closed (whether or not there has been a transition from an open state to a closed state) (step S 2 ). When the cover  6  is closed, the processing means  11  determines on the basis of the signal from the sample recognition means  10  whether or not the sample  1  is in place on the stage (step S 4 ). If the sample  1  is in place on the stage, the processing means  11  directs the drive means  9  to cause X-rays to be emitted from the X-ray source  3 . The X-ray source  3  is driven so that the sample  1  is irradiated with X-rays (step S 3 ). In other words, X-ray irradiation begins automatically as soon as the operator places the sample  1  on the sample stage  2  and then closes the sample cover  6 . If the sample  1  has not been put in place, however, X-ray irradiation is not performed. 
     The result of the above constitution and operation is that with the fluorescent X-ray analysis method and device of the present invention, when the sample cover is closed, it is detected that the sample cover has been closed, and it is recognized that the sample is in place above the X-ray irradiation opening in the sample stage, and only when these two conditions are met are X-rays automatically emitted from the X-ray source and analysis performed, so the sample can be analyzed more efficiently, and no analysis work losses are incurred. Also, since the sample on the sample stage is recognized by a pressure sensitive device, the sample can be reliably recognized even in the dark. 
     Fourth Embodiment 
     In the above embodiments, the X-ray irradiation of the sample was started when the X-ray source was driven by a drive means, but the X-ray irradiation may instead be started by using a shutter driver to open a shutter. 
     With the fluorescent X-ray analysis device shown in  FIGS. 9 and 10 , a shutter  14  is disposed between the X-ray source  3  and the sample  1 . The shutter  14  may be made of a material and have a thickness that allow emitted X-rays to be safely blocked. An example is the use of tungsten or stainless steel as the material. The shutter  14  can be moved by a shutter driver  15  between a closed position that covers the X-ray source  3 , and an open position that leaves the X-ray source  3  open. 
     The fluorescent X-ray analysis method and device in this embodiment will now be described through reference to the flowchart in  FIG. 11 . 
     When power is switched on to the device (step S 1 ), the shutter driver  15  moves the shutter  14  to the closed position shown in  FIG. 9 , under direction by a signal from the processing means  11  (step S 5 ). The drive means  9  then drives the X-ray source  3  under direction by a signal from the processing means  11 , so that X-rays are emitted (step S 6 ). In this state, the shutter  14  keeps the X-rays from reaching the sample  1 , and leakage to the outside is kept to a minimum. The processing means  11  determines on the basis of the signal from the cover detection means  8  whether or not the cover  6  is closed (whether or not there has been a transition from an open state to a closed state) (step S 2 ). When the cover  6  is closed, the processing means  11  sends a signal to the shutter driver  15 , and the shutter  14  is moved to its open position (step S 7 ). As a result, as shown in  FIG. 10 , the sample  1  is irradiated with X-rays from the X-ray source  3 . In other words, X-ray irradiation begins automatically as soon as the operator places the sample  1  on the sample stage  2  and then closes the sample cover  6 . If the sample  1  has not been put in place, however, X-ray irradiation is not performed. 
     The result of the above constitution and operation is that with the fluorescent X-ray analysis method and device of the present invention, when the sample cover is closed, this automatically starts the emission of X-rays from the X-ray source and analysis, so the sample can be analyzed more efficiently. 
     Embodiments of applying the present invention were described above, but the present invention is not limited to or by these embodiments, and various modifications and corrections are possible within the scope of the present invention. 
     INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY 
     In addition to its use in research and development applications, the fluorescent X-ray analysis method and device of the present invention can also be utilized in industrial settings with the aim of streamlining and speeding up measurement work.