Abstract:
TURBINE WITH SOLAR COLLECTOR OR TURBOCHARGER, which is designed to originate innovative turbine kinetic energy through solar irradiation, irradiated by heliostats, parabolic or possibly to function with other types of fuel when not no solar radiation, with a heat exchanger through which passes the residual thermal energy is achieved in a higher efficiency than conventional turbines. In this set of turbine exchanged, collector and collector, its components are located so that the drop of the thermal fluid is the minimum possible. The team has been solar collector incorporated a radial type where the sunlight is irradiated, which in the collector, the heated fluid flowing through it which comes from the compressor, through the heat exchanger, and that the empty on the blades of the turbine motor generating a kinetic energy of a mechanical element that needs a turning force or power generators. This system can be developed to produce electric power from 1 kW to 15 kW in parable and even over twenty megawatts radiated tower heliostats. At low power is designed for can use the sensor and the sensor turbine or a turbocharger. No water uses er, no pollution and low installation costs, very significantly given the simplicity and Innovation of its components.

Description:
[0001]    SOLAR COLLECTOR WITH SOLAR TURBINE OR TURBOCHARGER, a solar collector with a turbine for use and performance with airflows heated by solar radiation, produced by a parabolic concentrator or heliostats, has also been prepared the collector flow to various other solar turbine fuels. The turbine is powered by the flow of air received by a sensor with representation innovative with their radial ducts take the form of cone or funnel, which receives the sunlight or solar radiation depending, this, the power in kilowatts to achieve. Below fifteen kilowatts irradiation sensor will be preferably with parabolas area as the focus and thermal power depending on the power in kilowatts to produce, although it may rise to more kilowatts of production and parables greater diameter area, power above that ideally takes place, heating the air flow passing through the sensor that reaches the compressor and hot once receive the turbine motor, by a certain number of heliostats, where sensor, and others would be installed turbine tower. The turbine marks an advance over current by modifying its mechanical operation philosophy. In this turbine can be performed even when feeding fossil fuels, hydrogen or fuel of biological origin (for compounds of biomass) at the opposite outflow turbine motor, if so decided by the project which include the turbine of this patent, the ideal is that the flow is heated by solar radiation. The turbine and collector model, because of this patent occurs in three forms, one in which the external compressor is a compressor, and a model in which the compressor forms part of the turbine, but a confrontation with the turbine flow to the compressor motor, which operation will be detailed in the description of the drawings, the other is that the turbine is applied to the sensor is replaced by a turbocharger. In short, the joint is formed in and over an innovative solar collector configuration, the ducts are circular or square, which take a radial form with the establishment of a cone or funnel, and a turbine that despite saving philosophy of the thermodynamic cycle Brayton, breaks the order of components and includes a recuperated novel unlike any currently used. It is necessary to indicate that the turbine and the sensor, each independently, can work with other types of sensors and sensor elements with other thermodynamic that would fit for use, as indicated together or separate and independent. Moreover, given the novelty of the sensor and its greater efficiency, lower installations from one kilowatt to 15 kilowatts, can be installed independently turbine described in this patent, and in order to lower the resulting product, you can install a turbo kit supplying the turbine that has the distinction of being highly economical and power as a novelty attached to this type of installation with the new solar collector. 
       OBJECT OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    The object of the invention is to improve the thermodynamic efficiency in the energy performance of the elements that make up the teams to use solar radiation as the driving force, avoid water consumption in these facilities, cheaper facilities themselves without loss efficiency, with the use of the temperature leaving the gas outlet (hot air), and with part of the energy also can produce hydrogen, or get storage means sails or oils, or high temperature fluids for use in different means to produce cold, or steam for a steam turbine advantage in the hours without solar radiation, as indicated by the inventor in his invention in the Spanish record in February 2006: U200600388, and in Europe, 07381002-0-1267 based on the priority of the previous night by feeding or other fuel. 
         [0003]    As an important part of this patent, the object is to get the stick to avoid contamination and the production of electricity through renewable energy consumption 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0004]    As background to this invention is indicated several technologies already, all too familiar, as can be: gas turbines, steam turbines, the heliostats and the sensors used for different projects for solar thermal, steam and turbochargers. Parabolas are known for different deposits used as transmitting or receiving radiation, either one or two focus. From all this, of all different backgrounds of the technologies described, has made significant innovations and the grouping of components to achieve a precise cluster model that can improve and differentiate into everything now, and in the opinion of the inventor of this patent: a better result, 
       A TECHNICAL PROBLEM SOLVING 
       [0005]    They are different problems to solve: Gas turbines are unique to pollute the environment by using fuels and a high cost for its enormous complexity, and within the possibilities thermodynamics gives low result energy efficiency. Also at these high temperatures is that the draft of this patent is try and get lessen their impact on the turbine motor and other components that set the turbine. 
         [0006]    Another problem to solve is that the solar collectors are elements in this type of project, a very important base for the final result of the energy you get, because they depend on the need for a high capacity to receive the increased use of sunlight, and bring the heat to the fluid or flow that provides the mechanical, whether steam turbines, turbochargers, such as gas turbines or other items that require the exchange between solar radiation and these. 
       DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0007]    The invention is mainly composed by two elements forming one, or may be used separately; turbine or turbocharger small facilities watts, and collector, these are broken down into other components that comprise the assembly. The sensor has a radial shape but their ducts are immersed, each shadow inadvertently he continues to rotate as its center leaving each conduit in view of the solar radiation and closing each other so that the hot air that is inside cone, while it is irradiated, not leave their associations; can be transparent protective screen, or not depending on its position. All the surrounding, when radiated outside the sensor is not filled ceramic material which retains the duct temperature sensor and this material a layer of thermal insulation. Depending on the installation and its composition with the turbine, the mouth of the outer part of the sensor, the portion of greater diameter, which is presented prior to irradiation, as stated, in its inlet flow can be directed an external compressor which provides air flow to the sensor conduit which is irradiated by sunlight reflected by a parabola or heliostats, and the tubes that are directed to the output, the innermost portion or tip of the cone, where encounters a straight duct, anti turbulence with a thickness of six long duct and if necessary with fins inside to prevent rotation or tornado effect to the motor turbine inlet, corresponding to the innermost exit cone, If the set is formed with implying turbine compressor, the sensor input goes through an insulated duct to the outside, to the compressor outlet. In both cases the flow is heated by solar radiation to a greater extent on the tubes inside the cone, according enters the sensor to a temperature high at its output, flow temperature which depend on the needs of the require power in kilowatts that the turbine is installed. The sensor, in which the ducts inside are circular or square, but it can be an any way by which it can receive maximum sunlight, going with the precise mechanical assembly that it can be mounted or removed the turbine. In this case explained, the radial collector cone-shaped, the fluid can be heated interior air to the turbine in question is described in this patent, or other fluids which are required to be heated by solar radiation: water, helium, etc., for feeding another kind of mechanical generators. 
         [0008]    The turbine is divided into several components, but mainly described the most important and your description of what use and operation: On the back, low or high, since the turbine can be placed in the position required, but giving the final entry absorbing air compressor, in the case to drive installed, it is desirable to install a filter that removes impurities from air by entering the compressor, the compressed air enters an element that comprises two sides with an intermediate portion. These faces, which we will call “A” that gives the compressor and “B” which gives the outflow of the turbine motor, are perforated. The drilling of both sides, on the outside of its circumference, are connected by tubes which unite them, and that these fine tubes is where is to flow the compressed air flow provided by the compressor, but isolated portion arises where the turbine motor flow. The tubes cover the entire outer part around the circle. Just take face holes and pipes on the outside, the inside of the circle of side A facing the interior between the two sides is blind, without any communication. The B side which faces the motor and its flow turbine has a protrusion closing the communication of the ducts leading to the compressor air flow sensor turbine. After the closure face on its inner radius B has holes that communicate air from the turbine motor flow to the interior of the two sides, A and B so that the air turbine motor to eject the high temperature passes through these holes, and on your way to the exit of these gases radiate heat that contain tubes through which the air compressor to the sensor, and these tubes to said compressed air as well as heat the blind part of the A side facing the air is compressed and gives way to the compressor and to tubes passing the air to the sensor, so that the use of hot air leaving the turbine motor is intended to be the maximum. It is important to define a system of pipes Compressed air communication with the sensor, these can be any shape as long as its inner diameter and number of ducts do not obstruct the air, the materials for side A, B and pipes that ultimately all fixed or movable mechanical part must be of an alloy having high temperatures and hold very low expansion and high resistance to corrosion by mixing the components air: oxygen, etc., with alloy mechanical components. The shaft connecting the turbine and the compressor has a sealed chamber in which the exchanger through which it is composed in side A and side B. In that part of the sealing part has a fin compressor sends a certain amount of air, a calculated amount for cooling the turbine motor that receives, attracts not, that which receives the cold air compressor and internal fins dismisses the exhaust. 
         [0009]    Regardless of the multi-piece sensor that is broken and turbine, which join four main components: compressor chamber which is joined to the intermediate heat exchanger does serve as hot gas output. The heat exchanger is attached to the turbine chamber covering motor, the motor chamber which is attached to the sensor and the latter. The kinetic motion generated by the motor moves the turbine compressor, and the same axis moves the current generator. In the case of using the turbocharger, the description using the turbine can be adapted similarly to the turbocharger. 
         [0010]    In the event that the compressor is outside screw type or whatever, the turbine motor is directly transmuted to the generator work without intermediate compressor. In this case will the two heat exchangers to heat the working fluid, one is located at the exit of gases, and the other in communication therewith, the air inlet of the solar collector as described above, air that becoming compressor external. In all described, solar radiation sensor, may be through parabolic troughs or minors, as well as the installation of components: sensor, or turbo-charger turbine, compressor and generator can be installed on tower or parable. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0011]    The various figures of the drawings represent each and every element of this patent. Unless the turbo compressor which is another  figure 02 ,  figure 01  forms a complement or all components unified, collector  1 , turbine motor  4 , heat exchanger tubes: inlets  24  and outlet  17  located at the path of hot gas outlet  8  turbine sensor output  3  to be long be approximately equal to six times the diameter of the duct, last impeller sensor  12  which is the highest temperature that receive solar radiation; coating ceramic heat-storing  13 ; outlet holes  19  in the inner face of the gases used and leaving the turbine motor  4  and the fins cooling turbine  21  in the motor  4 , the cooling air that reaches the fins  22  of the compressor  16 . The compressor  16  compresses air and directs it to  24 , inlet air to the tubes  24  which make heat exchanger to be heated by the air on the way to the outlet  8 , the air entering the compressor  16  through the inlet  24  out its output tubes  17  which are directed to the sensor  1  18 channels is protected by an insulator  23  from the outside air. The air compressed by the compressor  16 , heated by the tubes  40  (of  FIG. 05 ) that make heat exchanger inlet  24  and outlet  17  and in turn by the heating of the blind wall  20 , it arrives at the entrance  18  6 of sensor  1 . The sensor  1  is irradiated by solar radiation reflected by a parabola or heliostats, depending on the power applied to the network generator  10 , which is attached to the main shaft  9 , which connects to the turbine motor  4  with the compressor  16  and the generator  10 . The compressed air and irradiated latter reaches its conduits  12  and out the outlet  3  of the sensor  1  by pressing and operating the turbine motor  4  which drives the compressor  16  and the generator  10 . All sensor  1 , from the outside inwards has an insulator  23  and a buffer under the thermal insulating powder or ceramic balls  13  in order to avoid fluctuations in flow that fills the inside from the inlet  6  to the transducer  1  to the output  3 . 
           [0012]      FIG. 02  shows the same circuit but in this case the turbine  4  and the compressor  16  have been supplied by a turbocharger: with the compressor  16  to the air intake  27  or compresses it by  18  directs it to the exchanger  24  and again heated by leads  18  to the input transducer  1 . The sunlight radiated by a parable or some heliostats aimed at capturing one after being overheated in their ducts comes three leading you through the turbine  4  sale and healing at  24  and exits through  8 . The insulation and temperature accumulator  13  saves on the outside temperature and in turn builds up to the temperature variations of the radiation. All this kinetic energy the turbine  4  is transmitted through the shaft  9  to the compressor  16 , the reducer  26  and the generator  10 . 
           [0013]      FIG. 03  is a proposed model of this patent in which the compressor is a separate element and is set out. We sensor  1  through the inlet  6  where it enters the compressed air coming from an external compressor, the air passes through a heat exchanger  2  and passes into the collector duct  1  which, like the other figures taking a radial with termination of then ducts in a cone. The last turn  12  of the sensor  1  on the discharge duct  3  having fins anti discharge flow turbulence and high pressure and high temperature on the turbine motor  4 . The gases in the output path  8  passing through a heat exchanger  5  which sends the captured heat in the fluid circulating through the conduit  7  and preferably within the sensor  1  to prevent heat loss and sends it to the exchanger  2  through inlet sensor  1 . The turbine motor shaft  4  through  9  exerts its kinetic force onto the compressor  10  and is connected by the starter clutch  11 . 
           [0014]      FIG. 04  shows the one seen from the front sensor which appreciates its radially and the last line, the innermost  12  and shown, even if it would not be visible in this light, the turbine motor  4 . Here can be seen the radiator  2  to the inlet  6  of the collector  1  and the figurative screw compressor  14 , the gas outlet  8 , the heat exchanger  5  in the path of the exhaust duct  7  and on the outside and inside the sensor  1 . 
           [0015]      FIG. 05  shows, in the center, the heat exchanger tubes  40  and the faces  24  and  17 . By the sides  24  and  27  where  24  shows that the center is the part which is blind to the compressor is outside the holes which gives the tubes  40  which to leave the face  17  and direct the compressed air input to the sensor  1  of  FIG. 01 . For the conduits  18 . In the Face  17  is seen that the outer holes are output tubes that carry air from the compressor  16  of  FIG. 01  to the sensor  1 , likewise be appreciated the holes  19  which pass gases from the turbine motor  4  the output path  8 , both can be seen in  FIG. 01 , through the tubes  40 . 
           [0016]      FIG. 06  allows us to see another way of how to install the sensor assembly  36  one with all that is part of the patent as set  01  or  02 .  FIG. 06  shows the assembly  36  installed in the center of the parable, but at the back. Solar irradiation is divided by  38  and the parable focuses on a reflector  37  which directs that concentration to the center of the parable where the sensor  1 . It is also possible to place the full complement of the gauge and other accessories in the direct focus of the parabola, as  FIG. 06  is only a figurative form of one of the possibilities for installation in a parable 
       
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
       [0017]    A preferred embodiment in the case of this double project (embedded or external compressor to the turbine shaft, with parabola, or tower) may be two: installed in a solar tower of sufficient height where the radiation heliostats in its projection not overshadow, or small-scale, with the collector to focus irradiation of a parabola. In the first case is required to perform a civil work at a certain height to house a platform for supporting generator, turbine and sensor. The sensor has to be done with tubes of a few millimeters of material section and either square or circular, high thermal transmissibility and high thermal resistance at high temperatures and that has the lowest expansion alloy, all to have the better transmission of heat from solar radiation where the material will circulate fluid: in this project the fluid is air, and to form a radial shape with a spiral conformation of its cone shape, where each turn is behind, but in view of the radiation and decreasing the diameter of each turn until the outflow where the output would be coupled to the turbine inlet conduit and another motor would be input to the sensor, in the first round, that is to communicate with the compressor outlet. The cone will have a tilt sensor in which the radial portion is directed towards the heliostat so that the highest point of solar incidence is the last round that matches the turbine sensor communication. This will make the first round outer radial sensor reaches a high temperature, and that increases in each round as it approaches the exit where shrinks and where temperatures can reach up to 1200° C. When the turbine sensor join up either a turbocharger or supercharger this turbine will be as stated in the description of the invention: ready to receive air flow heated by solar radiation and with the compressed air duct to be connected to the input of the sensor, if any incorporates the compressor turbine in the case of the turbocharger the compressor is implied herein. The gas output goes directly to the exit of the tower that supports the plant, which in principle would ideally it was hollow so that the hot gases, clean air, originate, rising temperature differential, air circulation will cool all its components. At the outlet of the turbine motor, after passing the air between the tubes through which the compressed airflow from the compressor to the sensor, in order to exploit waste hot air, it will be used to be used by heat exchangers air/fluid oils, salts etc. to store or produce, in situ, to produce heat energy in the hours of sunlight no or generate hydrogen by steam and use some of the electricity generated in the nigh peaks of solar isolation in which the energy provided by the sun is high. The irradiation will by heliostats, for tower installation, preferably those which can give focus individually. 
         [0018]    Another preferred embodiment is using the same components as In the installation of the tower, is at a much smaller scale in which the elements will be installed in a parabola in which the sensor will be in the focal point of increased incidence of solar radiation and after him the mini turbine and generator DC or AC. Given the size, the diameter of a parabola, which is required for more than 15 kW, although can reach other sizes, we advise that preferably more suitable facility is preferred tower, when the electric power is required to exceed fifteen kilowatts commented.