Abstract:
A communication interface responds to a communication protocol for interfacing a controller and any of a plurality of discrete I/O devices. Each discrete I/O device has a different configuration. The interface has a plurality of modes of operation to accommodate the discrete I/O devices. In a first mode of operation, the interface accommodates a first discrete I/O device wherein a plurality of input pins input signals from a particular discrete I/O and a plurality of output pins output signals to the particular discrete I/O device. In a second mode of operation, the interface accommodates a second discrete I/O device wherein the input pins form a bidirectional input/output port and the output pins form a control and address line for controlling the second discrete I/O device and other discrete I/O devices.

Description:
This application claims the benifit of prov. appliaction 60/190,815 filed on Mar. 21, 2000. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The invention relates to a communication interface system, method and apparatus and, more particularly, to a universal integrated module for interfacing a control module to other modules. 
     2. Related Information 
     In the past, interfaces have been introduced that interface a control module to other modules. However, there has been no universal interface for interfacing a plurality of communications protocol as particularly contemplated by the present invention. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 is a table; 
     FIGS. 2 a  and  b  are timing diagrams; 
     FIG. 3 is a table; 
     FIG. 4 is a timing diagram; 
     FIG. 5 is a timing diagram; 
     FIG. 6 is a table; 
     FIG. 7 is a timing diagram; 
     FIG. 8 is a timing diagram; 
     FIG. 9 is a timing diagram; 
     FIG. 10 is a timing diagram; 
     FIG. 11 is a timing diagram; 
     FIG. 12 is a timing diagram; 
     FIG. 13 is a timing diagram; 
     FIG. 14 is a timing diagram; and 
     FIGS. 15 a  and  15   b  are block diagrams. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     The interface of the present invention provides serial communication to expansion modules (EM). A CPU of the interface controls all communications to and from the EM&#39;s and will be referred to as the “Master Function”. The Expansion Module will include an ASIC to achieve this serial communication protocol and will be referred to as the “Slave Function” or “Slave ASIC”. 
     The I/O Expansion bus signals as viewed by the Expansion Module are described in the following table. The connection from the PLC to the EM and from EM to EM will be 1 to 1 using a 10 pin header type connection. Refer to FIG. 1 for Expansion I/O Bus connector pin assignments. 
     The following diagrams in FIGS. 2 a - 2   b  illustrate an Expansion Bus Read cycle and Write cycle sequences. A bus transaction will be initiated by short active low pulse on XA_OD signal. In FIG. 2 a : 
     
       
         
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 MA[2:0] 
                 Module Address that CPU is addressing 
               
               
                 W 
                 Transaction Type requested by CPU, Read/Write Bit 
               
               
                   
                 (1=&gt;Write, 0=&gt;Read) 
               
               
                 RA[3:0] 
                 Register Address that CPU is addressing 
               
               
                 CP[1:0] 
                 Control Register Parity Bits generated by CPU 
               
               
                 W[7:0] 
                 Data written to Expansion Module by CPU 
               
               
                 DP[1:0] 
                 Data parity generated by CPU 
               
               
                 Ack[1:0] 
                 Acknowledge bits returned to CPU by the Slave 
               
               
                   
                 A1: 0 indicates a successful write cycle (no parity 
               
               
                   
                 errors); 
               
               
                   
                 1 indicates an invalid write transaction, data parity error 
               
               
                   
                 encountered 
               
               
                   
                 A0: defaults to a 1 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     In FIG. 2 b : 
     
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 MA[2:0] 
                 Module Address that CPU is addressing 
               
               
                   
                 W 
                 Transaction Type requested by CPU, Read/Write Bit 
               
               
                   
                   
                 (1=&gt;Write, 0=&gt;Read) 
               
               
                   
                 RA[3:0] 
                 Register Address that CPU is addressing 
               
               
                   
                 CP[1:0] 
                 Control Parity Bits generated by CPU 
               
               
                   
                 R[7:0] 
                 Data written to CPU from Expansion Module 
               
               
                   
                 DP[1:0] 
                 Data parity generated by Expansion Module 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Each EM implements an electrical interface to the expansion I/O bus consisting of termination circuits and bus driver circuits. This will allow the addition of +5V power to be introduced anywhere in the daisy chained I/O bus and provides some protection of the SLAVE ASIC I/O. Given that EMD signal is a bidirectional signal, control circuitry will be provided on the bus driver circuits to avoid bus contention errors. Three control signals (MSTR_IN, MY_SLAVE_OUT, and NEXT_SLAVE_OUT) are used to enable/disable the EMD bus driver circuits. For details of the termination circuitry refer to FIG.  3 . FIG. 3 describes EMD bus driver circuit configuration for three expansion modules. 
     A bus driver circuit is provided which has an active low enable line. The Slave ASIC generates 3 control signals to properly enable/disable the bus drivers. Control signal MSTR_IN enables bus driver circuits A and B. This allows the EMD signal to be input into the expansion module ASIC and to be input into the next expansion module ASIC down stream. MSTR_IN becomes active when XAS is detected and becomes inactive prior to any response from an EM. The signals MY_SLAVE_OUT and NEXT_SLAVE_OUT control EMD responses from the EM&#39;s according to the EM&#39;s physical address position. For example, MY_SLAVE_OUT controls the EMD signal as an output of the EM that was addressed by the CPU. The signal NEXT_SLAVE_OUT passes the EMD response through the EM if the EM addressed by the CPU has a higher address or is downstream from that EM. Neither MY_SLAVE_OUT or NEXT_SLAVE_OUT are asserted when the CPU addresses an EM with a lesser address. All three control signals immediately become inactive on the occurrence of XOD. 
     In one particular embodiment of the invention, the initial Slave design may be developed in a 128 Macrocell CPLD using VHDL as a design instrument. The CPLD design is migrated into an ASIC design. The ASIC is designed to have 44 total pins with 36 usable pins for I/O and 8 pins for power and ground. The operating frequency of the SLAVE ASIC may be 4.125 MHz maximum, which is well within the ASIC capability. The following table defines the required inputs and outputs of the Slave ASIC. Refer to FIG. 4 (SLAVE ASIC Suppliers Specification) for details of the ASIC. 
     The I/O described above accommodates all Expansion Module I/O configurations. That is, the invention is a universal interface. This is accomplished by implementing two modes of operation within the ASIC. The differences in ASIC operation is the implementation of EXT0 and EXT1 data ports. 
     The slave ASIC has two modes of operation to accommodate all Expansion Module I/O configurations. In Mode 0, the EXT0 bus is an 8 bit input register and EXT1 bus will be an 8 bit, active low, output register. EXT0 data bus and EXT1 data bus interfaces directly to the Expansion Module digital I/O. Mode 0 is used for Expansion Modules of 8IN/8OUT or less. In Mode 1, EXT0 bus is used as an 8 bit, active high, bidirectional data bus and EXT1 bus is used as 8 bits of address and control. External registers and decode circuitry are required for Mode 1 operation. Mode 1 is used when the Expansion Module I/O configuration is greater than 8IN/8OUT or for an intelligent module. The ID_REG is decoded by each EM at power up to determine its mode of operation. The ID_REG is also be read by the CPU to determine the Expansion Module type. 
     The polarity of EXT0 data port is “active high” for both Mode 0 and 1. EXT1 data port is “active low” while in mode 0 operation and in mode 1 the control lines is “active low” and the address lines is “active high.” 
     In operation, the Slave ASIC implements a state machine architecture to provide proper communication and control. At initial power up the CPU issues an active XOD signal. Detection of XOD places the state machine into its home state and the EXT1 data port is cleared if in mode 0 or the external output registers is cleared if in mode 1. Also at initial power up, the Slave ASIC determines its Module Address (MA_IN), Mode of operation (Mode 0 or 1) and propagates the next Module Address (MA_OUT) by incrementing its Module Address by 1. Once XOD is released, the Slave ASIC state machine continuously monitors the XAS signal from its home state. A bus transaction is initiated when XAS becomes active and transitions to state  0  on the first rising edge of EMC0 clock. At state  0  the state machine is placed into a known state and propagates to state  1  on the next rising edge of EMC0 clock. If at any time the XOD signal becomes active, then the EXT1 data port is asynchronously reset and the state machine returns to its home state. If in mode 1 operation, the external output registers is asynchronously cleared and the state machine returns to its home state. The next occurrence of XAS synchronously places the state machine into a known state. 
     FIG. 5 illustrates a Mode 0 Write Transaction. As shown in FIG. 5, once a valid XAS is detected the Slave ASIC propagates to state  0  of the control state machine on the first rising edge of EMC0 clock. At state  0 , the MSTR_IN signal is asserted and the EMD signal is enabled as an input to the Slave ASIC. The control state machine begins to shift in the control register data beginning on the rising edge of EMC0 clock  1  (state  1 ) and ending on the rising edge of EMC0 clock  10  (state  10 ). At state  4  (EMC0 clock  4 ) the Slave ASIC determines if the Module Address (MA) shifted in from the CPU equals the Module Address (MA_IN) propagated in at power up and if true “My_addr” is asserted. In the case that the addresses do not match, My_addr is not asserted, and the state machine continues through the remaining states to account for proper EMD bus driver control and control register parity checks. At State  10  the Slave ASIC determine the type of transaction to occur and enters either the write state machine or read state machine on the next EMC0 clock. During a write transaction the Slave ASIC shifts in Write data beginning at state  11  (EMC0 clock  11 ) and ending at state  20  (EMC0  20 ). Also, during state  1  the control register parity is checked and in the event an error is detected on the control register the write state machine returns to an idle state and the control state machine returns to its home state on the next EMC0 clock. EXT1 data port is not disturbed and the MSTR_IN bus control signal becomes nactive. If no control register parity error is detected then the write data is shifted in accordingly. At state  20  the MSTR_IN bus control signal is released and at state  21  the state machine preparesthe EMD bus control signals for a response back to the CPU. If “My_addr” is valid then MY_SLAVE_OUT bus control signal is asserted. If “My_addr” is not valid then the NEXT_SLAVE_OUT bus control signal is asserted only if the CPU has addressed a module of a greater address. At state  22  the Slave ASIC checks parity on the write data. When a write data parity error is detectedhe Slave ASIC returnsan invalid (11) Acknowledge to the CPU and does not present new data to EXT1 data port. If no parity error is detected, then the Slave ASIC returns a valid (01) Acknowledge to the CPU, decodes the register address (RA) and enables new data onto the EXT1 data port if register address ‘C’ (hex) has been decoded. If any other register is decoded the state machine will returns a valid Acknowledge to the CPU, but does not present new data to the EXT1 data port. This is only true while in mode 0 operation. On the rising edge of EMC0 clock  24  the write state machine returns to an idle state and the control state machine returns to its home state. 
     FIG. 6 illustrates a mode 0 read transaction with the CPU addressing RA 8(hex). The control state machine operates the same as the previous write bus transaction, except at state  10  it now enters the read state machine. At state  11  the read machine releases the EMD bus control signal MSTR_IN, select the EMD (EMD_TRI_EN) bi-directional port as an output, and checks the control register parity. If a parity error occurs the read state machine returns to an idle state and the control state machine returns to a home state on the next rising edge of EMC0 clock. If no error was detected then the read state machine propagates to state  12  on the next rising edge of EMC0 clock. At state  12  the state machine prepares the EMD bus control signals for a response back to the CPU by asserting bus control signal MY_SLAVE_OUT. Also at state  12  the register address (RA) is decoded to determine the data source. If RA decodes to 0 then the ID_BUF data is enabled, if RA decodes to 8 then EXT0 data bus is enabled, and if any other address is decoded then the hex value FF is enabled. On the falling edge of EMC0  12  the “R” register is loaded with the appropriate data either from the EXT0 data bus, the ID_BUF, or the default value of FF. For the case in FIG. 2 the EXT0 data is loaded into the “R” register. On the next rising edge of EMC0 clock (state  13 ) the read state machine shifts the read data bit  7  onto the EMD line and the last read bit  0  is shifted in on the rising edge of EMC0 clock  20  (state  20 ). The Slave ASIC generates 2 parity bits, PR1 and PR0, on the 8 bits of read data and shift this data onto the EMD line at states  21  and  22 . At state  23  all EMD bus control signals are released, the read machine returns to an idle state and the control machine returns to its home state. 
     Mode 1 Operation will now be discussed with reference to FIG.  7 . The EXT1 bus will be used as a control port in ASIC Mode 1. The table in FIG. 7 describes each bit for EXT1 data port when in ASIC Mode 1. 
     In a Mode 1 Write Transaction, the control register state machine and the write state machine function the same as in mode 0, however the external port usage and the available registers differs from mode 0. In mode 1, EXT1 data port is used as a control port for external decode circuitry and EXT0 data port is a bi-directional data port. Write data is enabled onto EXT0 data port on the rising edge of EMC0 clock  21  and is valid for 3 clock periods. The Register Address (RA[3:0]) is clock&#39;d onto EXT1 data port on the falling edge of EMC0 clocks  5 ,  6 ,  7 , &amp;  8  respectively. All 16 register addresses is available for external decode. The WRSTRB is asserted on the falling edge of ECM0 clock  22  and is cleared on the falling edge of EMC0 clock  23 . The signal Busy is asserted on the falling edge of EMC0 clock  16  and is cleared on the falling edge of EMC0 clock  24 . If a parity error is detected on the WRITE byte, then both the ASIC registers and the external registers retain their last received value. Refer to the FIGS. 8 and 9 for detailed timing information for a time exploded view of Mode 1, Write Transaction Timing. 
     In a Mode 1 Read Transaction, the control register state machine and the read state machine function the same as in mode 0, however external port usage and the available registers differ from mode 0. In mode 1, EXT1 data port is used as a control port for external decode circuitry and EXT0 data port is a bidirectional data port. Also, the CPU can access all 16 registers in Mode 1 with register 0 still the ID register. Refer to FIGS. 10 and 11 for timing details of the control port EXT1 and the data port EXT0. FIGS. 10 and 11 illustrate Mode 1, Read Transaction Timing. 
     9.0 ID Register Definition: 
     The ID Register is addressed from Register Address (RA) 00 hex and is defined in FIG.  11 . The Slave ASIC first bit  7  with a 0 and the remaining 7 bits are hardwired according to the Module type. According to the ID Register definition, the Slave ASIC operate in ASIC Mode 0 only for ID Register values of 01, 04, and 05 hex. All other ID Register values operate in Mode 1. 
     FIGS. 12-14 contains mode 1 Read and Write Bus transactions that display various parity errors. The figures illustrate the Bus operation/response under these conditions. Mode 0 bus transactions respond to these errors in the same manner. FIG. 12 illustrates Mode 1, Control Register Parity Error during a Write Transaction. FIG. 13 illustrates Mode 1, Write Register Parity Error during a Write Transaction. FIG. 14 illustrates MODE 1, Control Register Parity Error During a READ Transaction. 
     FIGS. 15 a  and  15   b  illustrate the two modes in block diagram form. As shown in FIG. 15 a,  the slave ASIC is in mode 1. In this state, a first bus line is dedicated as an output and the second bus provides control lines for sending control signals to the attached modules. In FIG. 15 b,  the same slave ASIC is switched into mode 0. In this state, the first bus remains a bused output. The second bus, however, is switched to a bused input. Thereby, the invention realizes the universal interface for a plurality of modes as contemplated in the description of the modes above. 
     While the present invention is described with reference to particular embodiments, it will be appreciated that the invention is not so limited to a specific embodiment, but may encompass all modifications and permutations that are within the scope of the invention.