Abstract:
Oil- and water-repellent papers are treated on the surface or in the pulp of the papers with fluorine-containing copolymers of 
     a) acrylates containing perfluoroalkyl groups, of the formula 
     
       CH.sub.2 ═CR.sup.1 --COO--X--C.sub.n F.sub.2n+1        (I), 
     
     b) monomers of the formula 
     
       CH.sub.2 ═CR.sup.2 --COO--R.sup.3                      (II), 
     
     c) monomers of the formula 
     
       CH.sub.2 ═CR.sup.4 --COO--(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.m --R.sup.5 (III), 
     
     d) monomers of the formula 
     
       CH.sub.2 ═CR.sup.6 --COO--CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --N(R.sup.7,R.sup.8) (IVa) 
     
     or, in salt-like form, of the formula 
     
       [CH.sub.2 ═CR.sup.6 --COO--CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 
     
      --N(R 7 ,R 8 ,R 9 )].sup.⊕ Y.sup.⊖   (IVb) 
     or, in N-oxidized form, of the formula ##STR1## and e) monomers of the formula 
     
       CH.sub.2 ═CR.sup.10 CONHR.sup.11                       (V) 
     
     these substituents and indices in the formulae having the meaning given in the description and the copolymers comprising the monomers in amounts of a) =50 to 90% by weight, b) =1 to 35% by weight, c) =3 to 20% by weight, d) =1 to 20% by weight and e) =0 to 10% by weight. Such copolymers having a content of e) =0.5 to 10% by weight are new.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The invention relates to new oil- and water-repellent papers which are treated on the surface or in the pulp with the fluorine-containing copolymers described below and to their production. The invention furthermore relates to new fluorine-containing copolymers for this purpose. 
     2. Description of the Related Art 
     Fluorine-containing treatment compositions based on perfluoroalkylphosphate salts have disadvantages in the production of oil- and water-repellent papers. Thus, for example, ammonium mono- and bis-(N-ethylperfluorooctanesulphonamidoethyl) phosphate is only oil-repellent but not water-repellent and fails above all when used in hard water. Although the diethanolamine salt of mono- and bis-(1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluoroalkyl) phosphates shows an oil- and water-repellent action when used on the surface of paper, only oil-repellent but no water-repellent properties are observed when used in the pulp. 
     Although fluorine-containing copolymers according to U.S. Pat. No. 4,366,299 already represent improvements over the abovementioned fluorine compounds, the content of solvents caused by their preparation is a disadvantage, since it necessitates particular safety precautions during application because of the very low flash point. 
     Fluorine-containing copolymers according to U.S. Pat. No. 5,247,008 and aqueous, solvent-free dispersions prepared therefrom can also be employed for oil- and water-repellent treatment of papers. However, acceptable results are achieved at best by treatment on the surface of the papers; when used in the pulp, in contrast, significantly poorer results are achieved. 
     This disadvantage manifests itself in a particularly serious manner when chemical pulp based on waste paper is employed. 
     There has therefore continued to be efforts to discover oil- and water-repellent papers which can be treated both on the surface and in the pulp of the papers by using fluorine-containing, solvent-free copolymer dispersions without developing the disadvantages described above, it being necessary to meet the following prerequisites: 
     It must be ensured that the treated papers have both oil- and water-repellent properties. 
     The use of non-softened tap water during treatment of the papers should not lead to precipitates of the fluorine-containing copolymer dispersions or to losses of the oil- and water-repellent effect. 
     The fluorine-containing copolymer dispersions to be employed according to the invention must lead to good effect both when employed on the paper surface and when employed in the pulp. 
     It must be ensured that papers based on waste paper can be given an oil- and water-repellent treatment. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     It has now been found, surprisingly, that copolymer dispersions with copolymers comprising monomers containing perfluoroalkyl groups, hydrophilic monomers and other monomers of the type described below are suitable for the production of oil- and water-repellent papers and meet the abovementioned prerequisites for this production, although only deviations from the prior art which seem to be supposedly insignificant exist. 
     The invention therefore relates to oil- and water-repellent papers treated on the surface or in the pulp of the papers with fluorine-containing copolymers of 
     a) acrylates containing perfluoroalkyl groups, of the formula 
     
         CH.sub.2 ═CR.sup.1 --COO--X--C.sub.n F.sub.2n+1        (I), 
    
     b) monomers of the formula 
     
         CH.sub.2 ═CR.sup.2 --COO--R.sup.3                      (II), 
    
     c) monomers of the formula 
     
         CH.sub.2 ═CR.sup.4 --COO--(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.m --R.sup.5 (III), 
    
     d) monomers of the formula 
     
         CH.sub.2 ═CR.sup.6 --COO--CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --N(R.sup.7,R.sup.8) (IVa) 
    
     or, in salt-like form, of the formula 
     
         [CH.sub.2 ═CR.sup.6 --COO--CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --N(R.sup.7,R.sup.8,R.sup.9)].sup.⊕ Y.sup.⊖   (IVb) 
    
     or, in N-oxidized form, of the formula ##STR2## and e) monomers of the formula 
     
         CH.sub.2 ═CR.sup.10 CONHR.sup.11                       (V) 
    
     wherein, in the formulae, 
     n denotes a number from 4 to 20, preferably from 6 to 16, or a mixture of various values of n and 
     m denotes a number from 3 to 20 or a mixture of various values of m, 
     X represents the formulae --(CH 2 ) o  --, SO 2  NR 12  CH 2  CHR 13  -- or --O--(CH 2 ) o  --, wherein o denotes a number from 1 to 4, 
     R 1 , R 2 , R 4 , R 6 , R 10  and R 13  independently of one another denote hydrogen or methyl, 
     R 3 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9  and R 12  independently of one another represent straight-chain or branched C 1  -C 4  -alkyl, 
     R 5  denotes hydrogen or straight-chain or branched C 1  -C 8  -alkyl and 
     R 11  denotes hydrogen or straight-chain or branched C 1  -C 12  -alkyl, benzyl, --CH 2  OH, --CH 2  OCH 3 , --CH 2  OC 4  H 9 , --(CH 2 ) 3  N(CH 3 ) 2  or --(CH 2 )N.sup.⊕ (CH 3 ) 3  Cl.sup.⊖ and 
     Y.sup.⊖ denotes one equivalent of a 1- to 3-valent anion, 
     the copolymers comprising the monomers in amounts of a) =50 to 90% by weight, b) =1 to 35% by weight, c) =3 to 20% by weight, d) =1 to 20% by weight and e) =0 to 10% by weight, all based on the total amount of comonomers, and 0.1 to 2.0% by weight of the above copolymers, based on the pulp, being employed for treatment on the surface and 0.5 to 2.0% by weight of the above copolymers, based on the pulp, being employed for pulp treatment in the chemical pulp suspension, it being possible for non-softened tap water to be employed as the water and it being possible for starch and retention agents to be employed, in addition to the above copolymers, the treatment compositions according to U.S. Pat. No. 5,247,008 being excluded. 
     The treatment compositions of U.S. Pat. No. 5,247,008 comprise, as comonomers, 
     a) 45-75% by weight of C n  H 2n+1  --X--OCO--CR 1  =CH 2 , 
     b) 10-50% by weight of CH 2  ═CH═CO═OR 4  and/or CH 2  ═C(CH 3 )--CO--OR 12 , 
     c) 4-30% by weight of CH 2  ═CR 5  --COO--(CHR 6  --CH 2  O) p  --R 7  and 
     d) 1-15% by weight of CH 2  ═CR 11  --COO--CH 2  --CH 2  --N(R 8 ,R 9 ) or [CH 2  ═CR 11  --COO--CH 2  CH 2  --N(R 8 ,R 9 ,R 10 )].sup.⊕ y.sup.⊖ or ##STR3## wherein, in the formulae, X represents .paren open-st.CH 2  .paren close-st. m  --SO 2  --NR 2  --CH 2  --CHR 3  -- or --O.paren open-st.CH 2  .paren close-st. m   
     n denotes a number from 4 to 12 and 
     m denotes a number from 1 to 4, 
     R 1 , R 3 , R 5 , R 6  and R 11  independently of one another represent hydrogen or methyl, 
     R 2 , R 8 , R 9  and R 10  independently of one another denote C 1  -C 4  -alkyl, 
     R 4  represents C 1  -C 22  -alkyl, 
     R 7  represents C 1  -C 8  -alkyl, 
     R 12  represents C 2  -C 22  -alkyl and 
     Y.sup.⊖ denotes one equivalent of a 1- to 3-valent anion, 
     and it furthermore being possible for the comonomers under b) to be replaced completely or in part by one or more from the group consisting of styrene, acrylonitrile, vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate and methyl methacrylate. 
     The invention furthermore relates to a process for the production of oil- and water-repellent papers by treatment of the papers on the surface or in the pulp with oil- and water-repellent substances, which is characterized in that fluorine-containing copolymers of the type described above, wherein n, m, R 1  to R 11 , X and Y.sup.⊖ have the above scope of meaning, are employed for the treatment, 0.1 to 2.0% by weight of the above copolymers, based on the pulp, being employed for treatment on the surface and 0.5 to 2.0% by weight of the above copolymers, based on the pulp, being employed for pulp treatment of the chemical pulp suspension, it being possible for non-softened tap water to be employed as the water and it being possible for starch and retention agents to be employed in addition to the above copolymers, the use of copolymers according to U.S. Pat. No. 5,247,008 being excluded. 
     Finally, the invention relates to new fluorine-containing copolymers of 
     a) 50-90% by weight of acrylates containing perfluoroalkyl groups, of the formula 
     
         CH.sub.2 ═CR.sup.1 --COO--X--C.sub.n F.sub.2n+1        (I), 
    
     b) 1 to 35% by weight of monomers of the formula 
     
         CH.sub.2 ═CR.sup.2 --COO--R.sup.3                      (II) 
    
     c) 3 to 20% by weight of monomers of the formula 
     
         CH.sub.2 ═CR.sup.4 --COO--(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.m --R.sup.5 (III) 
    
     d) 1 to 20% by weight of monomers of the formula 
     
         CH.sub.2 ═CR.sup.6 --COO--CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --N(R.sup.7,R.sup.8) (IVa) 
    
     or, in salt-like form, of the formula 
     
         [CH.sub.2 ═CR.sup.6 --COO--CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --N(R.sup.7,R.sup.8,R.sup.9)].sup.⊕ Y.sup.⊖   (IVb) 
    
     or, in N-oxidized form, of the formula ##STR4## e) 0.5 to 10% by weight of monomers of the formula 
     
         CH.sub.2 ═CR.sup.10 CONHR.sup.11                       (V) 
    
     wherein, in the formulae, 
     n denotes a number from 4 to 20, preferably from 6 to 16, or a mixture of various values of n and 
     m denotes a number from 3 to 20 or a mixture of various values of m, 
     X represents the formulae --(CH 2 ) o  --, SO 2  NR 12  CH 2  CHR 13  -- or --O--(CH 2 ) o  --, wherein o denotes a number from 1 to 4, 
     R 1 , R 2 , R 4 , R 6 , R 10  and R 13  independently of one another denote hydrogen or methyl, 
     R 3 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9  and R 12  independently of one another represent straight-chain or branched C 1  -C 4  -alkyl, 
     R 5  denotes hydrogen or straight-chain or branched C 1  -C 8  -alkyl and 
     R 11  denotes hydrogen or straight-chain or branched C 1  -C 12  -alkyl, benzyl, --CH 2  OH, --CH 2  OCH 3 , --CH 2  OC 4  H 9 , --(CH 2 ) 3  N(CH 3 ) 2  or --(CH 2 )N.sup.⊕ (CH 3 ) 3  Cl.sup.⊖ and 
     Y.sup.⊖ denotes one equivalent of a 1- to 3-valent anion. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     For treatment on the surface, the finished papers are treated with a dispersion of the fluorine-containing copolymers; if appropriate, excess dispersion is squeezed off, and the treated paper is then dried. 
     For treatment in the pulp, fluorine-containing copolymer or a dispersion thereof is added to the pulp or the already moulded paper, complete penetration of the pulp with fluorine-containing copolymer being achieved. After this addition, the papermaking operation is continued in the known manner. 
     The solids content and the amount of the dispersion of the copolymers to be used is chosen in a manner with which the expert is familiar such that the intended content of fluorine-containing copolymer in the paper is achieved. Furthermore, the entire remaining papermaking operation has been known for a long time and requires no detailed explanation. 
     The U.S. Pat. No. 5,247,008 discussed above discloses copolymers and dispersions thereof for which the monomer definitions largely lie outside the above definitions and of which the compositions in respect of component a) are shifted significantly towards lower values and in respect of components b) and c) are shifted significantly towards higher values compared with the above definitions. In contrast, the invention defined above relates to a choice; the copolymers and dispersions of U.S. Pat. No. 5,247,008 are expressly excluded by the above invention. 
     Preferred papers treated according to the invention are those in which the substituent R 2  in the above copolymers denotes hydrogen. 
     A copolymer of the above type which is furthermore preferably employed for the treatment is distinguished by the meaning of R 3  =methyl. 
     Further preferred papers according to the invention are those where non-softened tap water is employed for their treatment. 
     Among the copolymers used for the treatment, those which have the composition of a) =65 to 85% by weight of (I), b) =2 to 25% by weight of (II), c) =3 to 15% by weight of (III) and d) =1 to 10% by weight of (IV) are preferred, treatment compositions according to U.S. Pat. No. 5,247,008 again being excluded. 
     The copolymers employed for the treatment particularly preferably have the composition of a) &gt;75 to 85% by weight of (I), b) =3 to 15% by weight of (II), c) =3 to 15% by weight of (III) and d) =2 to 8% by weight of (IV). 
     The copolymers described above are employed in the form of aqueous largely or completely solvent-free dispersions for treatment of the papers according to the invention, the dispersions having 5 to 50%, preferably 10 to 40%, of their total weight of constituents (solids content) other than water. 
     Other preferred copolymers are characterized by the index n in component a), which assumes values of 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 and 16 or mixtures of several of these, and in the case of mixtures has an average value of 8 to 9. 
     Further preferred papers according to the invention are characterized by the use for their treatment for copolymers in which, in component c), R 4  denotes methyl and R 5  denotes hydrogen, and in which, independently thereof, the index m assumes values from 5 to 9. 
     Further preferred papers are those in which copolymers in which, in component d), R 7  and R 8  denote methyl and R 9  denotes hydrogen, and in the salt-like form of which the anion Y.sup.⊖ denotes chloride, acetate, 1/2 sulphate, C 6  -C 10  -aryl-, C 7  -C 15  -aralkyl- or C 1  -C 18  -alkyl-sulphonate or 1/3 phosphate, preferably 1/3 phosphate, are employed for the treatment. 
     Preferred new copolymers according to the invention are those which have the composition of a) =65 to 85% by weight of (I), preferably a) &gt;65 to 85% by weight of (I), b) =2 to 25% by weight of (II), c) =3 to 15% by weight of (III), d) =1 to 10% by weight of (IV) and e) =1 to 8% by weight of (V). 
     Preferred new copolymers according to the invention furthermore are those in which R 1  is hydrogen and X is --CH 2  CH 2  --, and the index n assumes values of 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 or mixtures of several of these, and in the case of mixtures has an average value of 8 to 9. 
     Preferred new copolymers according to the invention are furthermore those in which R 3  denotes methyl. 
     Preferred new copolymers according to the invention are furthermore those in which R 4  is methyl, R 5  is hydrogen and the index m, independently thereof, assumes the values from 5 to 9. 
     Preferred new copolymers according to the invention are furthermore those in which R 6 , R 7  and R 8  denote methyl and R 9  represents hydrogen, and the anion Y.sup.⊖ represents chloride, acetate, 1/2 sulphate, C 6  -C 10  -aryl-, C 7  -C 15  -aralkyl- or C 1  -C 18  -alkyl-sulphonate or 1/3 phosphate, preferably 1/3 phosphate. 
     Preferred new copolymers according to the invention are furthermore those in which R 10  and, independently thereof, R 11  denote hydrogen. 
     The co-use of acrylamide as component e) in the copolymers according to the invention represents a further improvement of the fluorine-containing copolymers known from U.S. Pat. No. 5,247,008. 
     The new copolymers according to the invention can also impart oil- and water-repellent properties to other substrates, for example textiles, leather and mineral substrates. 
     The preparation of the copolymers employed for treatment of the papers according to the invention is carried out, for example, by polymerization of the monomers (I), (II), (III) and (IVa, b or c) together in solution. Solvents which can be employed are ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, ethanol, isopropanol, tert-butanol and the like, which are known in principle to the expert. The copolymerization is preferably carried out in acetone. The polymerization here can be carried out discontinuously or continuously; for the discontinuous procedure, the batch or feed process may be mentioned. 
     Agents which form free radicals, such as, for example, azo compounds or peroxide, are employed as initiators for the polymerization. Examples which may be mentioned are: 2,2&#39;-azo-bis(isobutyronitrile), 2,2&#39;-azo-bis(methylbutyronitrile), tert-butyl perpivalate and tert-amyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate. Chain transfer agents, such as, for example, dodecylmercaptan, can be employed for regulation of the molecular weight. 
     The polymerization temperature is 40° to 100° C., preferably 50° to 90° C. 
     Aqueous dispersions of these copolymers are prepared by adding water to the solution of the copolymers after their preparation and distilling off at least some, preferably all, of the solvent. If component d) is used in the form of monomers of the formula (IVa) for the preparation of the copolymers, a neutralizing agent with anion Y.sup.⊖ of the type described above, preferably phosphoric acid, is added to the copolymer solution together with the water. 
     The solvents can be removed, for example, at elevated temperature (about 40° to 90° C.) in vacuo. It is in principle possible to leave a larger portion of the solvent used in the dispersions employed according to the invention. However, for work safety and industrial hygiene reasons, the solvent is preferably distilled off to the extent that the flashpoint of the resulting essentially aqueous dispersion is above 100° C. The aqueous dispersions are also stable after complete removal of the solvent. 
     The fluorine-containing copolymer dispersions of the type described above can be employed according to the invention both on the paper surface and in the pulp of the papers. Suitable raw materials for preparation of the papers treated in the pulp can be, for example, bleached and unbleached chemical pulps, wood pulp, waste papers and deinking pulps. The papers can be produced, for example, under acid or neutral conditions and comprise the customary additives, such as, for example, fillers, paper auxiliaries (for example retention, fixing, wet strength and sizing agents), dyestuffs and optical brighteners. Suitable base papers for treatment on the surface can comprise the abovementioned raw materials. Liquors which comprise the fluorine-containing active substance and, if appropriate, starch and other additives, such as, for example, dyestuffs, optical brighteners, sizing agents and wet strength agents, in which case mutual compatibility in the sizing press liquor is to be ensured, are prepared for treatment of the papers on the surface. Base papers are treated by a padding method, for example in the sizing press, with these liquors and are then dried. For use in the pulp, 0.5 to 2.0% by weight, based on the pulp, of active substance and preferably a retention agent are added to the chemical pulp suspension. Thereafter, the sheet of paper is formed and is then dried. It is possible to employ non-softened tap water in all these operations, whereby the production of the papers treated according to the invention is particularly economical. 
     The use of methyl acrylate as component b) of the copolymers for the treatment leads to particularly good results of the treatment of papers both by treatment on the paper surface and by treatment in the pulp. 
     The following test methods are used to evaluate the oil- and water-repellent action of the treated papers: 
     1. The water-repellency is determined by the Cobb absorption of water (DIN 53 132) over a contact time of 60 seconds. 
     2. The oil-repellency is determined by the absorption of turpentine oil (analogously to DIN 53 132) over a contact time of likewise 60 seconds. 
     3. Another test method for determination of the oil-repellency is carded out by applying in each case one drop (0.05 ml) of turpentine oil or xylene to the surface of the treated papers. The time (up to a maximum of 180 minutes or a maximum of 240 minutes respectively) taken for the drop to penetrate completely into the paper is determined. The higher the time measured, the higher the oil-repellent action. 
     EXAMPLES 
     Preparation of the fluorocarbon dispersions 
     Example 1 
     The polymerization was carried out in a reactor with a thermometer, stirrer and reflux condenser. For this, a solution of 
     76.0 parts by weight of CH 2  ═CHCOOCH 2  CH 2  C n  F 2n+1  (mixture where n=6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16) 
     13.5 parts by weight of methyl acrylate 
     7.5 parts by weight of CH 2  ═C(CH 3 )COO(CH 2  CH 2  O) 8  H and 
     3.0 parts by weight of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate in 
     300.0 parts by weight of acetone 
     was prepared. 
     2.25% by weight of tert-butyl perpivalate (75% strength) was added to the solution and the mixture was stirred at 56° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere for 10 hours. A solution of 
     1.2 parts by weight of phosphoric acid (85% strength) in 
     300 parts by weight of deionized water 
     was added to the polymer solution, which had been cooled to 50° C., and the mixture was stirred. The acetone was removed by distillation at 60° C./200 to 300 mbar and the solids content of the dispersion was brought to 25.0% by weight. 
     Examples II to VII 
     Examples II to VII were carried out in the same manner as in Example I, the monomers employed being described in the following table: 
     
         __________________________________________________________________________Monomers (parts by weight)              II III                    IV V  VI VII__________________________________________________________________________CH.sub.2 ═CHCOOCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 C.sub.n F.sub.2n+1              80 85 76 78 78 78(mixture with n = 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16)Methyl acrylate    9.5                 4.5                    -- 6.5                          7.5                             8.5Methyl methacrylate              -- -- 13.5                       -- -- --CH.sub.2 ═C(CH.sub.3)COO(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.8 H              7.5                 7.5                    7.5                       12.5                          12.5                             12.5Dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate              3  3  3  3  2  1__________________________________________________________________________ 
    
     Example VIII 
     The polymerization was carried out in a reactor with a thermometer, stirrer and reflux condenser. For this, a solution of 
     70.0 parts by weight of CH 2  ═CHCOOCH 2  CH 2  C n  F 2n+1  (mixture where n=6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16) 
     16.5 parts by weight of methyl acrylate 
     7.5 parts by weight of CH 2  ═C(CH 3 )COO(CH 2  CH 2  O) 8  H and 
     3.0 parts by weight of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate in 
     3.0 parts by weight of acrylamide and 
     300.0 parts by weight of acetone 
     was prepared. 
     2.25% by weight of tert-butylperpivalate (75% strength) was added to the solution and the mixture was stirred at 56° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere for 10 hours. A solution of 
     1.2 parts by weight of phosphoric acid (85% strength) in 
     300 parts by weight of deionized water 
     was added to the polymer solution, which had been cooled to 50° C., and the mixture was stirred. The acetone was removed by distillation at 60° C./200 to 300 mbar and the solids content of the dispersion was brought to 25.0% by weight. 
     Examples IX to XVII 
     Examples IX to XVII were carried out in the same manner as in Example VIII, the monomers employed being described in the following table: 
     
         __________________________________________________________________________Monomers (parts by weight)             IX X  XI XII                         XIII                            XIV                               XV XVI                                     XVII__________________________________________________________________________CH.sub.2 ═CHCOOCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 C.sub.n F.sub.2n+1             60 75 70 70 70 70 70 70 75(mixture with n = 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16)Methyl acrylate   26.5                11.5                   12.5                      13.5                         17.5                            18.5                               -- 19.5                                     14.5Methyl methacrylate             -- -- -- -- -- -- 16.5                                  -- --CH.sub.2 ═C(CH.sub.3)COO(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.8 H             7.5                7.5                   12.5                      12.5                         7.5                            7.5                               7.5                                  7.5                                     7.5Dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate             3  3  2  1  3  3  3  3  3Acrylamide        3  3  3  3  2  1  3  -- --__________________________________________________________________________ 
    
     Use Examples 1 to 7 
     Oil- and water-repellent treatment of papers on the surface 
     2.0% by weight (based on the liquor weight) of a fluorocarbon dispersion (Examples I-VII) was added to 5% strength starch solution (potato starch (Perfectamyl® A 4692)), which had been prepared with tap water (about 17° dH=German hardness). Base papers comprising 50% bleached birch sulphate and 50% bleached pine sulphate chemical pulp with a degree of freeness of 35° SR were treated with this liquor in a laboratory sizing press (Mathis; wet pick-up: 80%) and dried for 2 minutes at 90° C. in a drying cylinder. After conditioning in the room atmosphere for 2 hours, the treated papers were tested by the Cobb test with water and turpentine oil and by the drop test with turpentine oil and xylene. 
     Oil- and water-repellent treatment of papers in the pulp 
     A mixture of 50% birch sulphate chemical pulp and 50% pine sulphate chemical pulp was beaten to about 35° SR and brought to a pulp density of 2.5% with tap water (about 17° dH). 
     140 ml of this chemical pulp suspension were diluted with 150 ml of tap water. 4.0% by weight of a fluorocarbon dispersion (Examples I-VII) and 0.3% by weight of a retention agent (based on a polyamidoamine, for example Retaminol H from Bayer AG) from a 1% strength dilution were added in succession, the weight data of the fluorocarbon dispersion and of the retention agent relating to the pulp. After the mixture had been stirred for about 20 seconds, the sheet of paper was formed on a manual sheet former. The sheets were pressed off between felts and dried in a drying cylinder for 4 minutes at 90° C. Testing was carried out as for the papers treated on the surface. 
     All the results are summarized in the following table; the index a after the example number represents the results for surface treatment, and the index b represents those for treatment in the pulp. 
     
         ______________________________________          Cobb test                   Cobb test                           Drop test                                   Drop test          (water)  (turpentine                           turpentine                                   xyleneEx.  Dispersion          (g/m.sup.2)                   oil) (g/m.sup.2)                           oil (min)                                   (min)______________________________________1a   I         16.2     2.8     &gt;180    611b   I         20.0     2.2     &gt;180    652a   II        17.5     3.0     &gt;180    662b   II        19.5     2.5     &gt;180    673a   III       17.1     2.5     &gt;180    623b   III       21.5     2.0     &gt;180    654a   IV        21.0     6.5      165    554b   IV        25.0     4.3      170    595a   V         17.2     3.0     &gt;180    625b   V         33       6.3      160    516a   VI        17.6     3.5     &gt;180    657a   VII       16.3     2.2     &gt;180    69______________________________________ 
    
     Examples 1 to 3 show that when methyl acrylate was used for preparation of the fluorocarbon dispersions, particularly good results were obtained in the treatment both on the paper surface and in the pulp. 
     Example 4 shows that if methyl acrylate is used, significantly better results are obtained than if methyl methacrylate is used. 
     In Examples 5 to 7, in which fluorocarbon dispersions with an increased hydrophilic content due to polyethylene oxide monomethyl acrylate (monomer III) were employed, a very good treatment on the paper surface was still obtained. 
     However, the results of the treatment in the pulp were poorer, the lower the content of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate. 
     These examples show that the composition of the fluorocarbon resin must be balanced in respect of the hydrophilic components. 
     Use Examples 8 to 17 
     Oil- and water-repellent treatment of papers on the surface 
     2.0% by weight (based on the liquor weight) of a fluorocarbon dispersion (Examples VIII-XVII) were added to 5% strength starch solution (potato starch (Perfectamyl® A 4692)), which had been prepared with tap water (about 17° dH=German hardness). Base papers comprising 50% bleached birch sulphate and 50% bleached pine sulphate chemical pulp with a degree of freeness of 35° SR were treated with this liquor in a laboratory sizing press (Mathis; wet pick-up: 80%) and dried for 2 minutes at 90° C. in a drying cylinder. After conditioning in the room atmosphere for 2 hours, the treated papers (80 g/m 2 ) were tested by the Cobb test with water and the drop test with turpentine oil and xylene. The results of the surface treatment are summarized in the following table. 
     
         ______________________________________                     Drop          Cobb test  test turpentine                               Drop testEx.  Dispersion          water, g/m.sup.2                     oil (min) xylene (min)______________________________________ 8   VIII      19.1       &gt;240      58 9   IX        26.0        195      4510   X         18.5       &gt;240      6011   XI        20.5       &gt;240      6112   XII       19.3       &gt;240      6313   XIII      24.5       &gt;240      5714   XIV       25.0       &gt;240      5615   XV        28.0        230      5316   XVI       25.1        210      4817   XVII      24.5        230      54______________________________________ 
    
     Use Examples 18 to 27 
     Oil- and water-repellent treatment of papers in the pulp 
     A mixture of 70% of birch sulphate chemical pulp and 30% of pine sulphate chemical pulp which additionally comprises 25% of CaCO 3  was beaten to about 35° SR and brought to a pulp density of 2.5% with tap water (about 17° dH). 
     140 ml of this chemical pulp suspension were diluted with 150 ml of tap water. 3.0% by weight of a fluorocarbon dispersion (Examples VIII-XVII) and 0.3% by weight of a retention agent (based on a polyamidoamine, for example Retaminol H from Bayer AG) from a 1% strength dilution were added in succession, the weight data of the fluorocarbon dispersion and of the retention agent being based on the pulp. After the mixture had been stirred for 20 seconds, the sheet of paper was formed on a manual sheet former. The sheets (80 g/m 2 ) were pressed off between felts and dried in a drying cylinder for 4 minutes at 90° C. Testing was carried out as for the papers treated on the surface. 
     The results of the treatment in the pulp are summarized in the following table. 
     
         ______________________________________                     Drop          Cobb test  test turpentine                               Drop testEx.  Dispersion          (water, g/m.sup.2)                     oil (min) xylene (min)______________________________________18   VIII      19.5       &gt;240      5919   IX        25.1        200      4920   X         17.3       &gt;240      6021   XI        22.1       &gt;240      5822   XII       20.8       &gt;240      6123   XIII      23.3       &gt;240      5524   XIV       24.0       &gt;240      5625   XV        26.3       &gt;240      5526   XVI       26.5        235      5027   XVII      23.3        240      53______________________________________ 
    
     Use Examples 28 to 31 
     Oil- and water-repellent treatment in the pulp 
     A mixture of 50% bogus paper and 50% newspapers (waste paper) was employed instead of the birch sulphate and pine sulphate chemical pulp. 4.0% by weight of a fluorocarbon dispersion (Example VIII, X, XVI, XVII) was employed (results in the following table). 
     
         ______________________________________                     Drop          Cobb test  test turpentine                               Drop testEx.  Dispersion          (water, g/m.sup.2)                     oil (min) xylene (min)______________________________________28   VIII      18.2       &gt;240      4929   X         17.4       &gt;240      5230   XVI       21.3        235      2431   XVII      19.5       &gt;240      32______________________________________ 
    
     The copolymers from Examples XVI and XVII (without acrylamide) demonstrate that the use of acrylamide (component e)) in copolymers VIII and X according to the invention results in further clear improvement in the treatment in the pulp.