Abstract:
A computer program product and method for installing downloaded software on a client system over a network is described. The product and method include generating an access key by receiving an installation key produced using a random number generated from a seed that is the value of a client specific physical feature of the machine existing when a software installation program was run on the client system.

Description:
This application is a continuation-in-part application of application Ser. No. 09/695,570, filed on Oct. 24, 2000 now U.S. Pat. No. 6,754,823, and entitled “Technique for Distributing Software.” 

   BACKGROUND 
   This invention is directed to techniques to distribute software and prevent its unauthorized transfer. 
   It is desirable to distribute software electronically and still license it in some manner. Traditionally there were two ways of doing this licensing. One was shipping a CD with a software that required a license key. All CD&#39;s for a given product would have the same software, except for the license key that was required. This is a common way of distributing software for desktop applications. A second mechanism has a licensing software library built into the software. Both mechanisms are often used to down load software from the Internet. 
   One approach is a product Flex1M offered by Globetrotter. With this product a distributor buys the software, bundles the software with application software, and uses the bundled mechanism for generating keys. 
   SUMMARY  
   According to an aspect of the present invention, a method of downloading software over a network includes downloading the software and installing, the software. Installing the software includes generating an installation key by using a random number generated from a seed that is derived from a physical property of a user&#39;s computer that has a value at the moment at which the software installation program was run on the user&#39;s computer and producing an access code by combining the installation key and user name. Installing also includes performing a modulo operation on the result. 
   According to an additional aspect of the present invention, a computer program product residing on a computer readable medium for installing downloaded software on a client system over a network. The installation program includes instructions to cause a computer to generate an installation key by using a random number generated from a seed that is derived from a unique, physical feature of a user&#39;s computer hardware having a value that at the moment the installation program was run on the user&#39;s computer. The installing program also includes instructions to produce an access code by combining the installation key and user name and produce an access key by performing a modulo operation on the result to provide the access key to install the program. 
   One or more of the following advantages are provided by one or more aspects of the invention. 
   The invention obviates the need to ship software on a CD, allowing for a purely electronic distribution method. The invention also avoids the complexity of licensing libraries built into the software. The invention delivers software that requires a key that can only work on one computer. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       FIG. 1  is a block diagram. 
       FIGS. 2 ,  3 A and  3 B are flow charts. 
   

   DESCRIPTION 
   Referring to  FIG. 1 , a networked system  10  is shown for delivery of software over, e.g., the Internet. The networked system  10  includes a client system  12  connected to a server  14 , via a network, e.g., the Internet  18 . The networked system  10  is implemented as a Web-style system that is used to facilitate communications between users at client computers such as client system  12  and the server  14  over the network  18 . In a Web implementation, the network  18  can be the “Internet” and the server  14  a Web server. Private networks can also be used. 
   More particularly, a user at client system  12  surfs via a Web browser  20 , to the Web server  14 . At the web server  14  the client can download software. In some implementations, the software can be an application program whereas in other implementations the software can be a program such as a screen saver. In addition the software can be offered with basic features for one price, e.g., freely distributed, or can be distributed with additional optional features by having the user pay for the features with a credit card. 
   The Web browser  20  renders display output in the form of hypertext markup language (HTML) pages. The Web browser  20  may be any commercially available browser, such as Microsoft Internet Explorer or Netscape Navigator. 
   Referring to  FIG. 2 , processes that run on the server  14  are shown. The server  14  executes a server process  30 . The server  14  can include a web server process, which among other functions produces web pages  32 , as well as a server that executes requests for client systems. The server  14  stores information organized into distributed web pages. For example, the pages are stored as information encoded into HTML or other techniques. The manner in which the HTML and equivalent pages are produced is well known and therefore not discussed herein. The server  14  also stores the software  34  that is made available for distribution, via the Internet. The software  34  includes basic features that can be supplied for free to a user as well as features that are not activated at download unless or until a fee is paid for the additional features. The features are unlocked by an access key  36  that also makes the software fixed to one client system  12 . 
   Referring to  FIG. 3A , the server  14  delivers an executable of the software  34  to the client system  12  with certain features turned off. The user freely downloads this basic version of the executable from the server  14 . That executable runs in “basic mode.” To access premium features, which are turned off, the user enters an access key  36  ( FIG. 2 ) through a dialog box that can pop up under any of a number of circumstances, e.g., trying to access a premium feature, as a reminder to upgrade or as an invitation to upgrade. The access key  36  is produced from information supplied by the user after or as part of upgrading the product, as described below. 
   When the user downloads the software  42  and runs the installation  44 , the installation generates  46  an installation key, which is a piece of information that will be used to generate the access key  36 . Another piece of information is the user name under which operating system registered on the client system  12 . For example, with the Windows based operating systems, when a user installs Windows 2000 R , (Microsoft) Windows asks for an installation name. The name is stored inside the windows registry as the so called registered owner. This feature is available on Windows 95 R , 98 R , NT R , and so forth. The registered name stays on the client system  12  until the operating system is changed. 
   The installation key is an N digit key, e.g., 12 to 16 characters that is randomly generated. The mechanism that is used to generate the N digit key is a random number generator. As known, a random number generator is only as random as the seed used to generate it. 
   The seed can be derived from information that exists in the computer, as a result of operation of the computer, rather than being derived from a system clock. User machine specific information can be used includes the exact number of bytes of data stored on the hard drive of the computer at the moment the installation is run, the number of bytes being reported as free space on the hard drive, etc. That is, the seed to produce the random number is derived from or based on any unique property of the user&#39;s hard drive or other peripheral device in the computer as it exists at the moment that the installation is performed. Thus, other unique properties could include running a checksum a predetermined number of bytes that start at a predetermined location in a file or on the hard drive, e.g., the first N number of bytes in a system file or that exist on the hard drive, and so forth. 
   Referring to  FIG. 3B , a user desires to upgrade  60  to the premium features. During upgrade  60 , the user can be prompted by a dialog box to enter the access code. Initially, the user does not have the access code and instead can select an option to upgrade the basic software. The program connects the user to the server  14 . The program embeds the installation key and the user name in the information that is sent to the server, e.g., website by the user. 
   As part of the upgrade process the user is prompted to fill in information  64 , via web pages that are delivered from the server. The information includes name, e-mail address, address, demographics, and so forth, items that the distributor of the software would want for marketing etc, to be stored in a database (not shown). When the user comes to the site, the user fills in the information and supplies a credit card number for a credit card transaction. Once the distributor receives acknowledgment of the transaction  66 . The server  14  receives the information from the client  12 , e.g., installation key and user name, and based on the information generates  68  the access code. The access code is generated  68  based on the algorithm described below and supplied  70  to the user. 
   The installation key has 16 digits, the user name could have any number of digits. The process to produce the access key goes through each digit and adds the installation key and the user name digit by digit. In this implementation the installation key is always 16 digits and since the user name can be any number, the registered user name is expanded (or shrunk) to make the length of the registered user be the same as the length of the installation key, e.g., 16 digits. That is, if the registered user length is greater than 16 digits, everything after the 16th digit is simply discarded. Conversely, if the registered user length is less than 16 digits, the string is recycled. 
   For example, if the registered user is “Fred Smith”. This string is expanded to “Fred SmithFred S” (16 digits including spaces). With the two strings (the installation key &amp; the registered user), which are both 16 digits, the algorithm adds the two strings, digit by digit. For example, given an installation code of
         abcdefghijklmnop
 
and a registered user of “Fred Flintstone”, the algorithm adds each digit (“a”+“F”; “b”+“r”; “c”+“e”; “d”+“d”; and so on . . . ) to get an array of numbers. The array of numbers is 16 digits in length. Each number in the array is converted back to a letter by applying mathematical “modulo” operations. In this case, (number) MODULO 48, since 48 is the Ascii representation of the letter “a.”
       

   The upgrade process  60  generates the access key  68  and sends  70  the access key back to the person via two methods. One method used to return the key to the user is to display the key in the Web browser so that the user can cut and paste it back into the dialog box that was opened when the user initially decided to upgrade. The distributor will also send an e-mail to the e-mail address supplied by the user. The e-mail will include the key that is placed in the Windows registry, or elsewhere. 
   In order to execute the software, the software retrieves the name of the registered owner and the generated installation code, which are stored on the client system, e.g., in the Windows registry or elsewhere, and produces the access key, which is compared to the access key entered by the user during the upgrade process. If the access codes are the same, the software executes. If they are not the same, the software does not execute, or alternatively the software can execute only in basic mode without the premium features, or a user can be prompted to upgrade. 
   Thus, this process combines the user ID or other identifier, e.g., a serial number of a processor or a hard drive with a customized installation key to lock the downloaded software to a particular machine. 
   Other embodiments are within the scope of the appended claims.