Abstract:
Method and device for the continuous refueling of a battery suitable for mobile and stationary power applications are provided. A methodology is described comprised of the formation of a continuous electrochemical transport and current conduction belt battery cell, being subdivided into a plurality of electrochemical cells comprising a high current source at a desirable voltage. Means are described for a refuelable battery-forming device. The device is suitable to receive electrochemical fuel in a variety of forms from powders to pellets to continuous ribbons and produce electrical current at a high rate.

Description:
[0001]     This application claims the priority of a provisional patent application 60/442,787, filed Jan. 27, 2003, the entire disclosure of which is specifically incorporated herein by reference. 
     
    
       [heading-0002]     References  
         [0003]     U.S. Patent Documents  
                                                     U.S. Patent Documents                                     228888   June 1880   Griscom   429/110.            395028   December 1888   Bailey et al.   429/127.           3023259   February 1962   Coler et al.   429/127.           3293080   December 1966   Gruber et al.   429/68.           3310437   March 1967   Davee et al.   429/242.           3357864   December 1967   Huber   429/113.           3379574   April 1968   Grulke et al.   429/116.           3432354   March 1969   Jost   136/86.           3494796   February 1970   Grulke et al.   136/83.           3536535   October 1970   Lippincott   136/86.           3551208   December 1970   Stachurski   429/68.           3577281   April 1969   Pountney et al.   136/6.           3592698   July 1971   Hideo Baba   429/68.           3663721   May 1972   Blondel et al.   429/131.           3725131   April 1973   Pountney et al.   136/86.           3743543   July 1973   Chiku et al.   429/193.           3827912   August 1974   Justice   429/14.           4001037   January 1977   Beck   429/188.           4076909   February 1978   Lindstrom   429/207.           4145482   March 1979   Von Benda   429/27.           4349615   September 1982   Reitz   429/110.           4916036   April 1990   Cheiky   429/127.           5250370   October 1993   Faris   429/68.           5536592   July 1996   Celeste et al.   429/68.           6186732   February 2001   Brown et al   414/528           6299997   October 2001   Faris et al.   429/27           6335111   January 2002   Faris et al.   429/13           6365292   April 2002   Faris et al.   429/27           6403244   June 2002   Faris et al.   429/27           6410174   June 2002   Faris et al.   429/13           6558830   May 2003   Faris et al.   429/27           6569555   May 2003   Faris et al.   429/27           6649294   November 2003   Faris et al.   429/27                      
 
         [0004]     A mechanically refuelable battery of long duration and having high capacity is provided by the present invention. The battery is configured such that the electrochemistry is automatically configured into the proper geometry for optimum battery performance without the need of external electrochemical transport and current conduction belts or electrochemical packaging of any kind. Electrochemical fuel can be fed into the battery in a number of forms including but not limited to pellets, paste, flakes, powder, granules, slugs, ribbon, chunks or any other form that is convenient and will allow a high surface exposure of the electrochemical components. The battery is readily and conveniently refueled in this manner. This battery can be used to power an electric vehicle competitive in performance with an internal combustion engine yet be free of pollution. Such a power system may also be used for stationary power, and for long-term storage at remote locations where instant power may be required.  
       FIELD OF THE INVENTION  
       [0005]     This invention relates to a method and device for the conversion of electrochemical components into electrical energy in a continuous manner, said components being supplied to device in a variety of mechanical forms. The method and device are suitable for both stationary and mobile applications.  
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
       [0006]     Providing continuous electrical power at high current drain rates from a battery source over long periods of time is problematic due to the consumption and surface degradation (passivation) of the limited amount of electrochemical material that can be contained inside the battery casing. Attempts to produce battery driven vehicles has been hampered by the relatively low energy densities achievable in conventional batteries. The necessity to convert many applications currently served by fossil fuel burning engines to totally electric power for the purposes of reducing environmental pollution is increasingly being pointed out in the media and political, and well as scientific, circles.  
         [0007]     The practical realization of such a device has been approached in numerous ways, the most common being that of an externally refuelable battery where electrochemical reactants are replaced in order to “recharge” the battery instead of electrically reversing the batteries reactions through an external electrical source. The proposed methods have included such schemes as having a electrochemical transport and current conduction belt wound onto a spool or in a spiral configuration the continuously supplies the battery reactants until the electrochemical transport and current conduction belt electrochemistry is exhausted. The electrochemical transport and current conduction belt is then removed and replaced with a new one to continue the process. Other proposals include the replacement of pouches of electrochemical reactants, or the introduction of magnetically charged reactants that self organizes themselves into the proper form of a battery. All of these methods require some modification of the battery itself in order to accomplish the refueling function. The present invention requires no modification of electrochemical transport and current conduction belts or pouches or the processing or handling of any material other than the electrochemical reactants themselves.  
         [0008]     In the case of the automotive industry, the application of battery powered cars has been slow due to a number of factors. The considerations for the battery have driven the cost of such a vehicle far beyond the cost competitive region as compared with conventional fossil fueled vehicles. The currently available batteries can power such a vehicle for about one hundred miles before it is necessary to connect to the power grid or another source of electrical power to recharge the battery. The extensive recharge time makes such a vehicle highly impractical for any excursion beyond its single charge capacity of about one hundred miles roundtrip.  
         [0009]     The possibility of building a hybrid electric battery vehicle where the fossil fueled engine is operated in an optimum manner and drives a generator device that continuously recharges the battery is also a topic of discussion. While this type of vehicle has been known for several years, it has not been commercially implemented due to the added cost and complexity, and the failure to have true independence from fossil fuels.  
         [0010]     The technological possibility to have a truly fossil fuel independent energy source for transportation that has characteristics similar to the fossil fueled engine in terms of easy refueling and enough duration to operate distances of several hundred miles between refueling is very desirable and is realized in the present invention. Also, the possibility to store an electrical source at a remote and/or environmentally hostile location for extended periods of time and reliably generate electrical power on demand is also realized in the present invention.  
         [0011]     It is also desirable to provide a method and device that produces said electrical power independent of fossil fuels.  
         [0012]     It is also desirable to provide a method and device in the form of a continuously operating battery that is readily and practically refuelable, and has performance characteristics similar to the fossil fuel engine.  
         [0013]     It is therefore desirable to develop and provide a method and device for high electrical output on demand from a battery device that is continuously refuelable and will operate for extended periods of time, incorporating many of the operational aspects of the internal combustion engine without the use of fossil fuels and their related pollution.  
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
       [0014]     The ability of the present invention to use electrochemical reactants in a variety of physical forms allows the widest choice of fuel options possible. For example, if the common lead-acid reaction were selected as the electrochemistry for the battery, the sulfuric acid electrolyte would be installed in the battery and a function provided for the continual recharge of the consumed acid. The spongy lead and the lead oxide would be introduced to the battery and automatically integrated into the battery electrochemical transport and current conduction belt electrode forming viable and near standard plates in the battery. The solid materials could be introduced as ribbon, pellets, granules, flakes or powders, or combinations as desired to more readily facilitate the refueling function.  
         [0015]     The electrochemical reactant plates of the present invention are formed by layering the solid active electrochemical battery components into a carrier electrochemical transport and current conduction belt that maintains the required geometry of the reactants and carries them into the electrolyte. Components of the electrochemical transport and current conduction belt act as the conductor to remove electrical current as it is produced.  
         [0016]     The spent electrochemical reactant material is removed from the electrochemical transport and current conduction belt by mechanically separating the electrochemical transport and current conduction belt layers and driving the electrolyte solution through the electrochemical transport and current conduction belt components, first from one side and then the other, to “blow” or force out any remaining reactant or spent reactant material. The electrochemical transport and current conduction belt is then reloaded with the electrochemical components and mechanically layered into the proper geometry and the process begins again.  
         [0017]     The energy density and capacity of the cell is determined by the width of the electrochemical transport and current conduction belt and the corresponding width of the electrochemical load that can be realized, and the number of electrochemical transport and current conduction belt turns around the electrical pickoff rollers, and the length of the electrochemical transport and current conduction belt between the electrical pickoff rollers. It may be seen therefore, that the energy density of the cell is determined by the amount of electrochemical material that can be practically added and the energy density of the electrochemistry itself.  
         [0018]     The battery is comprised of a fluid-containing cell. This cell can be drained and refilled.  
         [0019]     Electrolyte density is monitored and it is supplemented from a concentrated store of the principal component of the electrolyte.  
         [0020]     A float determines the electrolyte density. As the electrolyte content is depleted, the electrolyte density goes down and the float begins to sink. The float is designed to sink and activate a signal at a determined minimal allowable density for the electrolyte. The signal causes highly concentrated electrolyte to be added to the battery restoring the proper concentration of electrolyte.  
         [0021]     The electrochemical transport and current conduction belt velocity is determined by monitoring the battery voltage and current, and adjusting the electrochemical transport and current conduction belt velocity accordingly, thereby augmenting the amount of electrochemical reactant solid material remaining in the electrolyte and adding new material in predetermined increments as necessary. In this manner the solid electrolytic reactants are always adequate to maintain battery power.  
         [0022]     The electrolyte is continuously pumped through the cell to aid in the removal of product buildup on the solid reactants of the cell. Materials removed from the solid reactants drop into the bottom of the battery enclosure and are removed during the refueling process.  
         [0023]     The invention embodies a device and method for providing a continuous source of electrical current from a battery that is continuously refuelable, and bears many of the operational characteristics and advantages of the internal combustion engine without the use of fossil fuels and their inherent pollution. While the preferred embodiments of the invention are shown and described herein, it is to be distinctly understood that the invention is not limited thereto, but may be otherwise variously embodied and practiced.  
         [0024]     These and many other features and advantages of the invention will become apparent as the invention becomes better understood by reference to the following detailed description when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.  
     
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0025]      FIG. 1  is a geometric representation of the internal battery electrochemical transport and current conduction electrochemical transport and current conduction belt.  
         [0026]      FIG. 2  is a geometric representation of the internal battery electrochemical transport and current conduction electrochemical transport and current conduction belt showing granular electrochemical material.  
         [0027]      FIG. 3  shows the transportation and conduction electrochemical transport and current conduction belt with electrochemical material loaded in the central area of the electrochemical transport and current conduction belt.  
         [0028]      FIG. 4  represents the formation of the internal transport and conduction electrochemical transport and current conduction belt with continuous feed ribbon electrochemical materials being inserted into the proper layers.  
         [0029]      FIG. 5  represents the formation of the internal transport and conduction electrochemical transport and current conduction belt with granular electrochemical materials being inserted into the proper layers.  
         [0030]      FIG. 6  details the internal transport and conduction electrochemical transport and current conduction belt continuous feed electrochemical fuel loading.  
         [0031]      FIG. 7  details the internal transport and conduction electrochemical transport and current conduction belt granular feed electrochemical fuel loading.  
         [0032]      FIG. 8  represents the internal transport and conduction electrochemical transport and current conduction belt path through the battery.  
         [0033]      FIG. 9  represents the casing and support infrastructure for the battery.  
         [0034]      FIG. 10  represents the removal of spent electrochemicals from the transport and conduction electrochemical transport and current conduction belt.  
         [0035]      FIG. 11  shows the geometry for the removal of electrical energy from the battery.  
         [0036]      FIG. 12  shows the preferred method of driving the internal transport and conduction electrochemical transport and current conduction belt.  
         [0037]      FIG. 13  represents details of the preferred method of driving the internal transport and conduction electrochemical transport and current conduction belt.  
         [0038]      FIG. 14  represents the major elements of the internal transport and conduction electrochemical transport and current conduction belt drive system.  
         [0039]      FIG. 15  details elements of the internal transport and conduction electrochemical transport and current conduction belt system.  
         [0040]      FIG. 16  represents the drive component of the internal transport and conduction electrochemical transport and current conduction belt system.  
         [0041]      FIG. 17  represents a more compact version of the drive component of the internal transport and conduction electrochemical transport and current conduction belt system.  
         [0042]      FIG. 18  represents the non-driven return rollers for the internal transport and conduction electrochemical transport and current conduction belt system.  
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
       [0043]     The above and other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent upon consideration of the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numbers refer to like parts throughout, and in which:  
         [0044]      FIG. 1  is a geometric representation of the internal battery electrochemical transport and current conduction electrochemical transport and current conduction belt. Electrically conductive transport and current conduction belt  1  provides both mechanical strength and electrical conductivity. It is made preferably of a woven metal, such as stainless steel, forming a barrier to the unreacted electrochemical load and allowing reacted particulate to pass through. The electrochemical reactant  2  represents a continuous feed of cathode or anode fuel material in the form of a ribbon, fibrous tow, or belt, or other such continuous feed. The electrochemical reactant  4  represents a continuous feed of the complementary fuel material to fuel material  2 , fuel material  4  being either the cathode or the anode, in the form of a ribbon, fibrous tow, or belt, or other such continuous feed. The electrolytic divider  3  separates and electrically isolates the anode and the cathode from one another. Divider  3  allows the ready transport of ions via the electrolytic bath between the electrochemical anode and cathode materials, facilitating the electrochemical reaction to produce electrical current that is transported away by electrically conductive transport and current conduction belts  1  and  5 . Divider  3  is preferably made of fiberglass belt, but may be constructed of any material that is electrically isolating but allows the flow and transport of solution transported ions. Electrically belt  5  provides both mechanical strength and electrical conductivity. It is made preferably of a woven metal, such as stainless steel, forming a barrier to the unreacted electrochemical load and allowing reacted particulate to pass through.  
         [0045]      FIG. 2  is a geometric representation of the internal battery electrochemical transport and current conduction belt  11  showing granular electrochemical material. Electrically conductive belt  6  provides both mechanical strength and electrical conductivity. It is made preferably of a woven metal, such as stainless steel, forming a barrier to the unreacted electrochemical load and allowing reacted particulate to pass through. The electrochemical reactant  7  represents a granulated feed of cathode or anode fuel material in the form of a powder, slug, pellet, flake, paste or similar non-continuous feed. The electrochemical reactant  9  represents a non-continuous feed of the complementary fuel material to fuel material  7 , fuel material  9  being either the cathode or the anode, in the form of a powder, slug, pellet, flake, paste or similar non-continuous feed. The electrolytic divider  8  separates and electrically isolates the anode and the cathode from one another, and does not allow passage of fuel materials  7  or  9  through divider  8 . Divider  8  allows the ready transport of ions via the electrolytic bath between the electrochemical anode and cathode materials, facilitating the electrochemical reaction to produce electrical current that is transported away by electrically conductive electrochemical transport and current conduction belts  6  and  10 . Divider  8  is preferably made of fiberglass belt, but may be constructed of any material that is electrically isolating but allows the flow and transport of solution born ions. Electrically conductive belt  10  provides both mechanical strength and electrical conductivity. It is made preferably of a woven metal, such as stainless steel, forming a barrier to the unreacted electrochemical load and allowing reacted particulate to pass through. Conduction belts  6  and  10  are more tightly woven than current conduction belts  1  or  5  so that the granulated fuel material may not pass through.  
         [0046]      FIG. 3  shows the electrochemical transport and current conduction belt  11  with either granular or continuous-feed electrochemical material  12  loaded in the central area of the electrochemical transport and current conduction belt  11 . It is a preferred embodiment that electrochemical transport and current conduction belt  11  is wider than the band of load fuel material  12  to reduce and eliminate spillage. Electrochemical transport and current conduction belt  11  is sufficiently wide giving fuel material  12  the ability to spread within electrochemical transport and current conduction belt  11  without the possibility of spillage. It is a preferred embodiment of the present invention that a electrochemical transport and current conduction belt  11  as per  FIG. 3  is formed and reformed presenting a continuous and unbroken method and apparatus of forming, reacting, and cleaning, and then reforming electrochemical components representing and acting as the plates in a battery.  
         [0047]     It is a further preferred embodiment of the present invention that the electrochemical transport and current conduction belts  1  and  5 , and  6  and  10 , are electrically conductive, and that they are constructed from woven metal. It is a preferred embodiment that said electrochemical transport and current conduction belts be made of a continuous band of metal, and it is a preferred embodiment that said electrochemical transport and current conduction belts be constructed of conductive plastic, either interwoven or continuous band.  
         [0048]      FIG. 4  represents the formation of the electrochemical transport and current conduction belt  11  with continuous-feed electrochemical materials being inserted into the proper layers. Electrochemical fuel components  2  and  4  are sandwiched between the current conduction belts  1  and  5 , and the electrolytic divider  3 . It is a preferred embodiment of the present invention that feed rollers  13  may be positioned either in a rising manner as shown or in a horizontal arrangement as necessary to facilitate holding the formed electrochemical transport and current conduction belt  11  in a stable and slightly compressed condition to maintain the containment of the fuel loads  2  and  4 . In this manner electrochemical transport and current conduction belt  11  is continuously recharged with fuel loads  2  and  4 , and formed into the proper geometry to facilitate battery activity.  
         [0049]      FIG. 5  represents the formation of the electrochemical transport and current conduction belt  11  with non-continuous feed electrochemical materials being inserted into the proper layers. Electrochemical fuel components  7  and  9  are fed from insertion mechanisms  14  and  15 , and are sandwiched between the transport and current conduction belts  1  and  5 , and the electrolytic divider  3 . It is a preferred embodiment of the present invention that feed rollers  13  may be positioned either in a rising manner as shown or in a horizontal arrangement as necessary to facilitate holding the formed electrochemical transport and current conduction belt  11  in a stable and slightly compressed condition to maintain the containment of the fuel loads  7  and  9 . In this manner electrochemical transport and current conduction belt  11  is continuously recharged with fuel loads  7  and  9 , and formed into the proper geometry to facilitate battery activity. It is a preferred embodiment of the present invention that the formation of a continuous electrochemical transport and current conduction belt is facilitated requiring only the addition of the raw electrochemistry without external carrier or take-up mechanism.  
         [0050]     In order to feed the electrochemicals onto the electrochemical transport and current conduction belt  11  in the proper order, it is necessary to arrange the elements of the electrochemical transport and current conduction belt  11  to allow the insertion of the electrochemical materials into the electrochemical transport and current conduction belt  11  forming system. In  FIG. 6  the details of the internal electrochemical transport and current conduction belt  11  continuous feed electrochemical fuel,  2  and  4 , loading are detailed. The electrochemical transport and current conduction belt  11  is separated at point  17 , with the transport and conduction belt  1  being pulled away by a feed roller  13 , and being swept by brush  16  to remove any remaining particulate, including spent or unspent electrochemical fuel, and is recombined with the recharged electrochemical transport and current conduction belt  11  components to form a new and fully recharged electrochemical transport and current conduction belt  11 . The electrolytic divider  3  and the transport and conduction belt  5  are together at point  18  and are turned ninety degrees by feed roller  19 , facilitating the electrochemical fuel  2  integration into electrochemical transport and current conduction belt  11 . At point  21  the electrochemical transport and current conduction belt  11  is further separated by the electrolytic divider  3  being pulled away by a feed roller  13 , brushed by brush  20  to remove any materials that might be stuck to the electrolytic divider  3 , and the electrolytic divider  3  is reintegrated into electrochemical transport and current conduction belt  11 . At point  22  the remaining transport and conduction belt  5  is turned ninety degrees in a manner opposite that at point  18 , by feed roller  23 . This facilitates the electrochemical fuel  4  integration into electrochemical transport and current conduction belt  11 . The transport and conduction belt  5  is turned by a feed roller  13 , and is then swept by brush  24  to remove any particulate, and is again turned by a feed roller  13  for integration into electrochemical transport and current conduction belt  11 . The tension feed roller  26  tightens the electrochemical transport and current conduction belt  11  just prior to the final integration with transport and conduction belt  1  to fully form electrochemical transport and current conduction belt  11 . It is a preferred embodiment of the present invention that electrochemical transport and current conduction belt  11  enters this recharging device without a reactive electrochemical load and exits this device fully charged and geometrically arranged to produce electrical current.  
         [0051]      FIG. 7  represents the formation of the electrochemical transport and current conduction belt  11  with non-continuous feed electrochemical materials,  7  and  9 , being inserted into the proper layers. Electrochemical fuel components  7  and  9  are fed from insertion mechanisms  14  and  15 , and are sandwiched between the transportation and conduction electrochemical transport and current conduction belts  1  and  5 , and the electrolytic divider  3 . The insertion mechanisms  14  and  15  are configured at points  29  and  30  to layer the electrochemical fuel components,  9  and  7 , into electrochemical transport and current conduction belt  11 . Wipers  28  and  27  are positioned to smooth any clumped or otherwise non-homogeneous layering of the electrochemical fuel.  
         [0052]     The path of electrochemical transport and current conduction belt  11  through the battery is shown in  FIG. 8 . At point  31 , the electrochemical transport and current conduction belt  11 , along with its now complete charge of electrochemical reactants, is submerged into the fluid electrolyte, the level of which is indicated by  32 . The electrochemical transport and current conduction belt  11  is formed by feed rollers  13  and drive rollers  74  into alternating battery plates, producing a potential voltage and electrical current. At turning points, such as  33 , the electrochemical transport and current conduction belt  11  is forced to move in a half circle around either drive rollers  74  or feed rollers  13 , and, due to the electrochemical transport and current conduction belt  11  being made of multiple belts at slightly different distances from the center of the roller, slippage occurs between the belts forcing the electrochemical load to be sheared along the axis of the movement of the electrochemical transport and current conduction belt  11 . This forces continuous exposure of non-reacted electrochemistry and allows reacted particulate to be forced out of the electrochemical transport and current conduction belt  11 .  
         [0053]     The spaces  34  and  35  shown in  FIG. 8  are spaces of opposite polarity. For example, at space  34  the same electrochemical transport and current conduction belt  11  component is always facing itself thereby producing a zone of like charge. At space  35 , the electrochemical transport and current conduction belt  11  has reversed itself one hundred and eighty degrees geometrically, and the opposite electrochemical transport and current conduction belt  11  component is always facing itself thereby producing a zone of like charge that is opposite to the charge in space  34 .  
         [0054]     The electrochemical transport and current conduction belt  11  in  FIG. 8 , after cycling through numerous drive rollers  74  and feed rollers  13 , is at the bottom of the battery and has exhausted its electrochemical load. The electrochemical transport and current conduction belt  11  now enters the cleaner separator  36  where the component belts of electrochemical transport and current conduction belt  11  are separated allowing spent and any remaining unspent electrochemistry to drop out of the electrochemical transport and current conduction belt  11  and fall to the bottom of the battery casing. Electrochemical transport and current conduction belt  11  component belt path lengths  37  are all equal so as not to produce strain on the electrochemical transport and current conduction belt  11  components. Electrochemical transport and current conduction belt  11  is recombined at  38  and is free of the majority of its electrochemical load.  
         [0055]      FIG. 9  represents the casing  39  and support infrastructure for the battery. The space  40  allows spent electrochemistry to accumulate until it is removed in the refueling process through drain port  42 . Slope  41  assists in the removal of spent electrochemistry through drain port  42 . Electrolyte is inserted and replenished into the battery through port  43 . This concentrated electrolyte replenishment is determined by the action of the electrolyte density measurement mechanism  46 . The electrolyte density measurement mechanism  46  operates by a float  49  of selected density and displacement that moves along the probe rod  48 . As the float  49  encounters a higher density of electrolyte, float  49  is floated up along probe rod  48 . As float  49  encounters a lower density of depleted electrolyte, float  49  sinks along probe rod  48 . Probe rod  48  detects the position of float  49  and, when float  49  is sinking, electrolyte density measurement mechanism  46  signals for more electrolyte concentrate to be added to the battery through port  43 . Electrolyte circulation pump  47  circulates and mixes the electrolytic mix in the battery to maintain homogeneity. As the float  49  rises, the electrolyte density measurement mechanism  46  signals for electrolyte concentrate to stop being added to the battery through port  43 . The float stop  50  prevents float  49  from disengaging from probe rod  48  by falling off the end of probe rod  48 . New electrochemical fuel is added through ports  44 . Port  45  maintains the rate of pressure change in battery casing  39 , allowing the internal pressure to equalize with the external air pressure until no net force is exerted on battery casing  39  from gaseous pressure differences.  
         [0056]      FIG. 10  represents the removal of spent electrochemicals from the electrochemical transport and current conduction belt  11  component belts. The electrochemical transport and current conduction belt  11  enters the separator cleaner  36  at point  51  with depleted and fully reacted electrochemistry incapable of adding any additional current production to the battery. It is now necessary to remove all remaining material from the electrochemical transport and current conduction belt  11  prior to refueling. The electrochemical transport and current conduction belt  11  is separated at point  52  into its component electrochemical transport and current conduction belts. The electrolyte is ejected through electrolyte nozzles  53  against the separated component belts of electrochemical transport and current conduction belt  11 , first from one side of the component belt and then the other to loosen and dislodge any remaining material in the component belts of electrochemical transport and current conduction belt  11 . Electrolyte circulation pump  47  provides the pressurized electrolyte for the operation of electrolyte nozzles  53 . The tensioning feed rollers  54  apply equal tension to the component belts to remove any differences in tension between the component belts assuring a tight and functional electrochemical transport and current conduction belt  11 . The component belt path travel distances  37  through cleaner separator  36  are all equal. The electrochemical transport and current conduction belt  11  is recombined from the component electrochemical transport and current conduction belts at point  38 . The electrochemical transport and current conduction belt  11  is now free of any electrochemistry and is in a condition to be recharged.  
         [0057]      FIG. 11  shows the geometry for the removal of electrical energy from the battery. Battery terminals  55  and  56  are each connected to the respective roller sets through roller support and conduction mechanisms  57  and  58 . Support and conduction mechanism  58  is extended through addition  59  to complete the last possible plate of the battery, assuring the maximum opportunity to react all the available electrochemistry before the removal of material from electrochemical transport and current conduction belt  11 . Battery terminals  55  and  56  are at opposite polarities and may be attached to for current drain in a manner consistent with any high current battery.  
         [0058]      FIG. 12  shows the preferred method of driving the electrochemical transport and current conduction belt  11 . A drive electrochemical transport and current conduction belt  60  is provided and engages drive rollers  67 , wrapping around the bottom most drive roller at point  61 , and returning to make a complete and continuous loop again engaging drive rollers  67 .  
         [0059]      FIG. 13  represents details of the preferred method of driving electrochemical transport and current conduction belt  11 . Drive belt  60  engages drive rollers  61  through cogged belt detail  62 . Tension rollers  63  maintain contact of drive electrochemical transport and current conduction belt  60  with drive rollers  61 .  
         [0060]      FIG. 14  represents the major elements of the electrochemical transport and current conduction belt  11  drive system. Motor  65  turns drive belt  60 . Motor  65  is housed as a sealed component of battery through removable housing  66 . Housing lip  64  protects motor  65  from excessive exposure to internal battery electrolyte.  
         [0061]      FIG. 15  details elements of the electrochemical transport and current conduction belt  11  drive system. The drive roller surface  67  is textured for suitable engagement of electrochemical transport and current conduction belt  11 . Drive roller  61  engages drive belt  60  and transfers torque through shaft to drive roller surface  67 . Space  69  separates and allows adjustment for respective belt engagements. The feed roller  13  is attached to shaft  68 , and exhibits a smooth surface  71 . Shafts  68  engage slot  73  as an attachment to conduction mechanisms  57  and  58  respectively.  
         [0062]      FIG. 16  represents the drive component electrochemical transport and current conduction belt  11  drive system in their respective geometry.  
         [0063]      FIG. 17  represents a more compact version of the drive component of the electrochemical transport and current conduction belt  11  drive system.  
         [0064]      FIG. 18  represents the non-driven feed rollers  13  for the electrochemical transport and current conduction belt  11  turning system in their respective geometry.  
         [0065]     While a particular embodiment of the present invention has been shown and described, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Numerous advantages of the invention covered by this document have been set forth in the foregoing description. It will be understood, however, that this disclosure is, in many respects, only illustrative. Changes may be made in details, particularly in matters of shape, size, and arrangement of parts without exceeding the scope of the invention. Accordingly, it is intended to cover all alternatives, modifications, and equivalents as may be included within the spirit and scope of the invention defined in the appended claims