Abstract:
The invention is a continuous process for preparing a cosmetic or dermatological preparation, comprising emulsifying at least two pre-products in at least one mixing apparatus, cooling the emulsion to less than 40° C. by adding an aqueous phase with a lower temperature than the mixture, adding at least one ingredient selected from the group consisting of perfume oil and temperature-sensitive active ingredients, and homogenizing the emulsion in at least one homogenizing apparatus at a temperature of from 20 to 50° C. The invention also includes a product made by such process.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This is a continuation application of PCT/EP03/01885, filed Feb. 25, 2003, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety, and also claims the benefit of German Priority Application No. 102 08 265.0, filed Feb. 26, 2002. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of cosmetic or dermatological preparations, in particular of preparations comprising emulsions, PIT emulsions and washing-active substances. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Cosmetic or dermatological preparations in the form of emulsions, PIT emulsions and preparations comprising washing-active substances are widespread. Emulsions may be W/O or O/W emulsions or else multiple emulsions, i.e. emulsions containing more than two phases. They are sold in the form of creams, lotions, but also as perspiration-inhibiting, body-odour-reducing cleansing and sunscreen preparations. PIT emulsions are particular forms of emulsions. They are characterized by the method of their preparation and the droplet sizes resulting therefrom. For the preparation, emulsifiers or emulsifier systems are used which change their polarity depending on the temperature, meaning that phase inversion arises during the preparation. As a result of this phase inversion, particular product properties are achieved, such as, for example, a particular optical appearance or an extraordinarily low viscosity. Such preparations are suitable, for example, as sprayable skincare or sunscreen emulsions. Finally, preparations comprising washing-active substances are used as body- or hair-cleansing compositions, and also as dishwashing detergents. 
     Usually, such preparations are prepared in a batchwise process, mostly in a mixer into which the starting substances are introduced and the intermediate or end product are removed after a certain operating time. In this process, all of the process steps which are required for the preparation of the product take place in this one apparatus one after the other: metering, mixing, heating/cooling, emulsifying, cooling. Often, upon removing the product, the product is subjected to subsequent homogenization. Although in food technology continuous plants for the preparation of emulsions such as yoghurt or mayonnaise are widespread, cosmetic or dermatological preparations are only prepared continuously in exceptional cases. This is because the requirements on the stability of cosmetic products are much higher and, due to their more complex composition comprising numerous different components, said products are much more difficult to prepare in stable form. Thus, for example, for a yoghurt, a stability in the region of a few weeks is expected, whereas cosmetic emulsions should be stable over at least 30 months. 
     Plants which are operated in batchwise processes have a series of disadvantages besides the advantageous flexibility with regard to the products which can be prepared. The long batch times required lead to increased production costs. There is a risk of contamination since the plants have to be emptied and charged frequently. The risk of contamination can be limited by keeping the product temperatures low. This is achieved by using cold aqueous phases. Alternatively, a heat exchanger can also be connected downstream. In most cases, relatively large amounts of air are introduced into the system, which is undesirable. 
     Known continuous processes are characterized in that the individual phases are metered into a high-performance emulsifying device at the same time. The emulsification and homogenization operation takes place therein with a high input of energy, giving rise to high shear forces. However, the occurrence of high shear forces is able to damage polymers present in the preparations. As a result of simultaneously metering all of the components, they are subjected to relatively high temperatures over prolonged periods. As a result, the use of temperature-sensitive substances is only possible to a limited degree. Such substances are, for example, cosmetic active and functional ingredients, such as fragrances, vitamins, coenzymes, peptides, enzymes, nucleic acids, plant extracts, preservatives, such as, for example, those from 1,2-dibromo-2,4-dicyanobutane and 2-phenoxyethanol. 
     Although continuous plants with which it is possible to prepare a large number of different cosmetic and/or dermatological preparations are desired, they are not known to date. In particular, a plant with which it would be possible to prepare both low-viscosity emulsions, lotions, creams and body- and hair-cleansing preparations and also dishwashing detergents would represent a significant improvement in the prior art. 
     It has hitherto not been possible to prepare PIT emulsions in continuous processes since the droplets remain too large despite a high input of energy. Continuously prepared creams and liquid emulsions were in most cases insufficiently stable. During the preparation of preparations comprising washing-active substances, the use of continuous processes in most cases leads to inhomogeneities arising as a result of inadequate mixing. Transparent preparations are therefore only obtainable with difficulty since such inhomogeneities often lead to clouding. For the preparation of O/W emulsions, continuous processes have hitherto not been able to penetrate the market since it has not been possible to achieve products of high quality: in most cases the emulsions were not stable or tended towards oil losses. The cause of this behaviour is assumed to be the fact that homogeneous droplet size distributions cannot be achieved through the use of static mixers on their own. 
     The article “Eine Anlage zum kontinuierlichen Emulgieren” [A continuous emulsification plant] in the Journal Verfahrenstechnik, volume 1-2 from 1986 describes, for example, a continuous preparation process for the preparation of W/O and O/W creams. The discontinuously prepared preproducts pass through a metering system, a dynamic mixer and a static mixer. Here, a hot/cold process is realized in which the preproducts enter the process in cold or hot form. The emulsion is produced in the dynamic mixer, homogenization takes place in the static mixer, as a result of which the particle size distribution is adjusted. This plant is suitable for the preparation of skin creams, body lotions, mayonnaise and sauces. 
     In this process, the homogenization operation takes place at 40 to 75° C., although it would be desirable to carry out this step at low temperatures since temperature-sensitive constituents of the formulations, such as odour or aroma substances or active ingredients such as vitamins, should as far as possible not be subjected to thermal stress. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Starting from this, it was an object of the present invention to find a process which overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art. 
     It has been found, in a manner unforseen by the person skilled in the art, that a continuous preparation process, as shown in  FIG. 1 , for cosmetic or dermatological preparations which comprise temperature-sensitive ingredients characterized by a sequence of the following process steps
         (a) emulsification in mixing apparatuses ( 11 ),   (b) establishing a mixture temperature of less than 40° C. by adding (B) aqueous phase with a lower temperature compared with the mixture,   (c) addition (C) of perfume oil and/or temperature-sensitive active ingredients,   (d) homogenization in apparatuses ( 13 ) in the temperature range from 20 to 50° C., particularly preferably 28 to 40° C., overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art. Likewise, a preparation process for cosmetic or dermatological preparations which comprise temperature-sensitive ingredients, as shown in  FIG. 2  and characterized in that   (1) it is carried out continuously and   (2) by a sequence of the following process steps   (a) emulsification in mixing apparatuses ( 30 ), in combination with static mixers ( 28 ,  11 ) and/or homogenizers ( 29 ,  33 ),   (b) establishing a mixture temperature of 55-35° C. by adding (P,Q) aqueous phase of 15-50° C. with a lower temperature compared with the mixture,   (c) addition (R,S) of perfume oil and/or temperature-sensitive active ingredients at different temperatures,   (d) homogenization in apparatuses ( 29 ,  33 ) in the temperature range from either 50 to 80° C., particularly preferably 60 to 70° C. or 20 to 50° C., particularly preferably 28 to 45° C., very particularly preferably 30 to 40° C.,   (e) stepwise (stagewise) cooling during the process ( 32 ,  34 ), also remedies the disadvantages of the prior art. It is particularly preferred here when the entering preproducts have been heated beforehand to temperatures of from 40 to 100° C., particularly preferably 50 to 90° C.       

    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       In the drawings: 
         FIG. 1  is a schematic representation of one embodiment of the process of the present invention; and 
         FIG. 2  is a schematic representation of another embodiment of the process of the present invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     In this connection, it is preferred when, as a further downstream step ( 14 ), as shown in  FIG. 1  or ( 32 ,  34 ), as shown in  FIG. 2 , the process product is cooled to at most 28 to 30° C. It is also preferred when the preproducts are mixed at temperatures of from 40 to 100° C., particularly preferably 50 to 90° C. before they enter the first mixing or homogenization apparatus. In addition, it is preferred when, upon passing through the homogenization apparatus ( 13 ), as shown in  FIG. 1 , the temperature of the exiting mixture increases 2 to 60° C., or upon passing through the homogenization apparatus ( 29 ,  33 ), as shown in  FIG. 2 , the temperature of the exiting mixture increases 2 to 10° C., based on the temperature of the entering mixture. 
     It is particularly preferred when the emulsification operation is carried out in two different mixing apparatuses ( 10 ) and ( 11 ), as shown in  FIG. 1 . It is very particularly preferred when the emulsification operation is carried out in a static mixer ( 10 ) and a loop mixer ( 11 ) ( FIG. 1 ) or ( 29 ) and ( 33 ) ( FIG. 2 ). 
     It is particularly preferred when the homogenization operation is carried out in a loop mixer ( 30 ) and a homogenizer ( 33 ), as shown in  FIG. 2 . 
     It is particularly preferred when the homogenization operation is carried out in two different apparatuses ( 12 ) and ( 13 ), as shown in  FIG. 1 . It is very particularly preferred when the homogenization operation is carried out in a static mixer ( 12 ) and a homogenizer ( 13 ). 
     It is very particularly preferred when the emulsification operation is carried out in a loop mixer ( 30 ) in combination with one or more homogenizers ( 29 ,  33 ), and static mixers ( 28 ,  31 ), as shown in  FIG. 2 . 
     The invention also covers emulsions, PIT emulsions and products comprising washing-active substances, obtainable by a process according to at least one of the variants described. Preferably, such emulsions, PIT emulsions and products comprising washing-active substances comprise, or are used in such processes as, temperature-sensitive ingredients, such as fragrances, vitamins, coenzymes, peptides, enzymes, nucleic acids, plant extracts, preservatives. 
     Through the process according to the invention it is possible to achieve particularly high throughput capacities of the plants used: to date, the capacity limits of customary plants were 3 t/h, whereas with the plant according to the invention up to 10 t/h can be achieved. In this regard, the process is very universally suitable for completely different types of product groups: besides W/O and O/W emulsions, PIT emulsions and products comprising washing-active substances can also be prepared in a particularly cost-effective manner on one and the same plant, the products being particularly stable and also storable over long periods. In view of the universal applicability of the plant, production may be at particularly low cost. In the case of PIT emulsions, particularly small droplet sizes can be achieved which can otherwise only be prepared in long-term storage-stable form in laboratory experiments. 
     This is of great advantage particularly when sunscreen formulations based on PIT emulsions are to be prepared: in this way, it is possible to incorporate a particularly large amount of photoprotective agent and thus achieve particularly high sun protection factors of up to 40 and above. 
     It is advantageous in the process according to the invention to use as loop mixer an apparatus which is characterized by a product feed arranged at a distance from the product discharge, a conveying device such as a multi-threaded conveying screw, which is located in an internal guide tube, the mixing of the product being effected as a result of the volume conveyed through the internal conveying device being a multiple of the volume introduced through the feed, giving rise to forced circulation outside the guide tube against the conveyance direction within the guide tube. It is particularly preferred to use a mixer of the Burdosa DMT 320 model. Such mixers have hitherto been used to prepare orange juice concentrate, yoghurt, salad sauces or other foods and allow the process parameters to be matched in a very variable manner to the requirements. For example, besides a pure mixer operation, emulsification or foaming are also possible. 
     It is advantageous in the process according to the invention to use as further mixer an apparatus which acts at the same time as a homogenizer. A homogenizer of the Becomix DH 500 model, Berents, Stuhr, Germany is preferably used. It is particularly advantageous to use a high-pressure homogenizer consisting of a high-pressure pump, a structured packing and a valve, as is described, for example, in European patent application 810025. 
     It is further advantageous, instead of the mixer ( 10 ), to use a combination of two mixing apparatuses, in particular a static mixer and a dynamic mixer. In this case, the temperature of the exiting mixture increases on passing through the combination of mixing apparatuses by 2 to 60° C., based on the temperature of the entering mixture. 
     As a result of high-pressure homogenization, heating in a separate process step is particularly advantageously superfluous since, as a result of the input of energy for the homogenization, the homogenized material is very effectively heated simultaneously. 
     A further advantage of the process according to the invention is the property that it is very easy to clean the plant when changing the product. A cleaning solution is fed in and circulated in a suitable manner, thus dispensing with dismantling or laborious cleaning in some other way. Such apparatuses are also referred to as cip-capable (clean in process). 
     The examples below are intended to illustrate the present invention without limiting it. The numerical values in the examples are percentages by weight, based on the total weight of the particular preparations. 
     EXAMPLES 
     Examples (1) to (5) relate to  FIG. 1 , and Examples (6) to (10) relate to  FIG. 2 . In  FIG. 2 ,  28 =static mixer,  29 =Beco homogenizer,  30 =loop mixer,  31 =static mixer,  32 =heat exchanger,  33 =Beco homogenizer,  34 =heat exchanger 
     (1) Preparation of a Cream Containing Active Ingredient 
     
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 Container 2 
                 44.168 
                 Demineralized water 
               
               
                   
                 7.500 
                 Glycerol 
               
               
                   
                 0.200 
                 Sodium hydroxide solution 45% 
               
               
                 Container 1 
                 3.000 
                 Glyceryl stearate citrate 
               
               
                   
                 2.000 
                 Caprylic/capric triglyceride 
               
               
                   
                 2.000 
                 Tridecyl stearate 
               
               
                   
                 1.100 
                 Stearyl alcohol 
               
               
                   
                 1.100 
                 Cetyl alcohol 
               
               
                   
                 1.500 
                 Hydrogenated coconut fatty glycerides 
               
               
                   
                 0.010 
                 Ceramide 3 
               
               
                 Cold water 
                 20.270 
                 Demineralized water 
               
               
                 Container 4 
                 3.000 
                 Dicaprylyl ether 
               
               
                   
                 0.400 
                 Carbomer 
               
               
                 Container 3 
                 0.002 
                 Ubiquinone 
               
               
                   
                 10.000 
                 Cyclomethicone 
               
               
                 Container 5 
                 3.000 
                 Ethanol 
               
               
                   
                 0.500 
                 Preservatives 
               
               
                   
                 0.250 
                 Perfume 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Firstly, the following phases are introduced into mixing containers: in mixing container ( 1 ) an oil phase heated to 60 to 95° C., in mixing container ( 2 ) a water phase heated to 80° C., in mixing container ( 3 ) an electrolyte-containing phase, in mixing container ( 4 ) a carbomer phase and in mixing container ( 5 ) a phase comprising perfume oil and active ingredients. Metering from the mixing containers is continuous. The oil phase from mixing container ( 1 ) is firstly combined with the water phase from mixing container ( 2 ), then the active-ingredient-containing phase from mixing container ( 3 ) and the carbomer phase from mixing container ( 4 ) are added. The mixture passes through a static inline mixer ( 10 ) model MS2G, Bran+Luebbe and is then emulsified in a loop mixer ( 11 ) model Burdosa DMT 320 at 500 revolutions per minute. The exiting emulsion has a temperature of 53.1° C., is cooled suddenly to 35-38° C. at point (B) with cold water, and the phase comprising perfume oil and active ingredients is added from mixing container ( 5 ) at point (C). After passing through a further static mixer ( 12 ), model MS2G Bran+Luebbe, the emulsion is homogenized in a homogenizer ( 13 ) model Becomix DH 500, Berents, where the temperature increases by 2 to 10° C. Cooling to 30° C. then takes place via heat exchanger ( 14 ) and the product is drawn off. A throughput of 2 t/h is achieved. 
     (2) Preparation of a Soft Cream 
     
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 Container 1 
                 1.500 
                 Paraffin oil 
               
               
                   
                 2.500 
                 Stearic acid 
               
               
                   
                 2.000 
                 Petrolatum 
               
               
                   
                 3.500 
                 Myristyl alcohol 
               
               
                   
                 1.500 
                 Myristyl myristate 
               
               
                   
                 1.200 
                 Glyceryl stearate 
               
               
                   
                 1.000 
                 Hydrogenated coconut fatty glycerides 
               
               
                   
                 0.100 
                 Cetyl phosphate 
               
               
                   
                 0.350 
                 Preservatives 
               
               
                 Container 2 
                 23.630 
                 Demineralized water 
               
               
                   
                 3.500 
                 Glycerol 
               
               
                 Container 3 
                 4.800 
                 Demineralized water 
               
               
                   
                 0.600 
                 Sodium hydroxide solution 45% 
               
               
                 Container 4 
                 0.750 
                 Dimethicone 
               
               
                   
                 0.300 
                 Carbomer 
               
               
                   
                 18.750 
                 Demineralized water 
               
               
                   
                 2.800 
                 Ethanol, denatured 
               
               
                 Container 5 
                 0.500 
                 Tocopheryl acetate 
               
               
                   
                 0.350 
                 Polyglyceryl-2 caprate 
               
               
                   
                 0.200 
                 Ethanol 
               
               
                   
                 0.170 
                 Perfume 
               
               
                 Cold water 
                 30.000 
                 Demineralized water 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Firstly, the following phases are introduced into mixing containers: in mixing container ( 1 ) an oil phase heated to 60 to 95° C., in mixing container ( 2 ) a water phase heated to 80° C., in mixing container ( 3 ) an NaOH-containing phase, in mixing container ( 4 ) a carbomer phase and in mixing container ( 5 ) a phase comprising perfume oil and active ingredients. Metering from the mixing containers is continuous. The oil phase from mixing container ( 1 ) is firstly combined with the water phase from mixing container ( 2 ), then the water phase from mixing container ( 2 ), NaOH-containing phase from mixing container ( 3 ) and the carbomer phase from mixing container ( 4 ) are added. The mixture passes through a static inline mixer ( 10 ) model MS2G, Bran+Luebbe and is then emulsified in a loop mixer ( 11 ) model Burdosa DMT 320 at 1400 revolutions per minute. During this, the temperature increases to 46.3° C. The exiting emulsion is cooled suddenly to 31.1° C. at point (B) with cold water, and the phase comprising perfume oil and active ingredients is added from mixing container ( 5 ) at point (C). After passing through a further static mixer ( 12 ), model MS2G Bran+Luebbe, the emulsion is homogenized in the homogenizer ( 13 ) model Becomix DH 500, Berents, where the temperature increases to 46.9° C. Cooling to 30° C. is then carried out via heat exchanger ( 14 ) and the product is drawn off. A throughput of 3.2 t/h is achieved. 
     (3) Preparation of a Skincare Liquid Soap 
     
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 Container 1 
                 3.000 
                 Cocoamidopropylbetaine 
               
               
                   
                 0.500 
                 Citric acid 
               
               
                   
                 0.300 
                 PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil 
               
               
                 Container 2 
                 7.000 
                 Demineralized water 
               
               
                   
                 1.000 
                 Trisodium EDTA 20% strength solution 
               
               
                   
                 0.500 
                 Acrylate copolymer 
               
               
                   
                 0.450 
                 Sodium benzoate 
               
               
                   
                 0.800 
                 PEG-200 hydrogenated glyceryl 
               
               
                   
                   
                 palm oil fatty acid ester 
               
               
                   
                 4.000 
                 Disodium coconut fatty acid glutamate 
               
               
                 Container 3 
                 6.101 
                 Demineralized water 
               
               
                   
                 2.000 
                 Sodium chloride 
               
               
                 Container 4 
                 25.000 
                 Sodium laureth sulphate 
               
               
                 Container 5 
                 4.350 
                 Cocoamidopropylbetaine 
               
               
                   
                 0.300 
                 Perfume 
               
               
                   
                 2.000 
                 Decyl polyglucose 
               
               
                 Cold water 
                 6.000 
                 Demineralized water 
               
               
                   
                 2.000 
                 Sodium chloride 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Firstly, the following phases are introduced into mixing containers: in mixing container ( 1 ) an oil phase heated to 40° C., in mixing container ( 2 ) a water phase heated to 40° C., in mixing container ( 3 ) an electrolyte-containing phase, in mixing container ( 4 ) liquid lauryl ether sulphate and in mixing container ( 5 ) a phase comprising perfume oil and active ingredients. Metering from the mixing containers is continuous. The oil phase from mixing container ( 1 ) is firstly combined with the water phase from mixing container ( 2 ), then the water phase from mixing container ( 2 ), electrolyte-containing phase from mixing container ( 3 ) and the liquid lauryl ether sulphate from mixing container ( 4 ) are added. The mixture passes through a static inline mixer ( 10 ) model MS2G, Bran+Luebbe and is then emulsified in a loop mixer ( 11 ) model Burdosa DMT 320 at 150 revolutions per minute. During this, the temperature increases to 22.2° C. The exiting emulsion is cooled suddenly to 18° C. at point (C) with cold water, and the phase comprising perfume oil and active ingredients is added from mixing container ( 5 ) at point (C). After passing through a further static mixer ( 12 ), model MS2G, Bran+Luebbe, the washing-active product is homogenized in a homogenizer ( 13 ) model Becomix DH 500, Berents, where the temperature increases to 20.9° C. The product is then drawn off. A throughput of 2.5 t/h is achieved. 
     (4) Preparation of a Sunscreen Spray (PIT Emulsion) 
     
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 Container 1 
                 5.400 
                 Glyceryl stearate + ceteareth-20 + ceteareth- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 12 + cetearyl alcohol 
               
               
                   
                 3.000 
                 Tridecyl stearate (+) tridecyl trimellitate 
               
               
                   
                 3.300 
                 C12-C15 alkyl benzoate 
               
               
                   
                 0.500 
                 PVP/hexadecene copolymer 
               
               
                   
                 5.000 
                 Octyl methoxycinnamate 
               
               
                   
                 2.600 
                 Ceteareth-20 
               
               
                   
                 2.000 
                 Octyltriazone 
               
               
                   
                 1.000 
                 Diethylhexylbutamidotriazone 
               
               
                   
                 1.000 
                 Dicaprylyl ether 
               
               
                 Container 2 
                 32.15 
                 Demineralized water 
               
               
                   
                 5.000 
                 Glycerol 
               
               
                 Container 3 
                 7.800 
                 Demineralized water 
               
               
                   
                 0.150 
                 Sodium hydroxide solution 45% 
               
               
                   
                 0.500 
                 Phenylbenzimidazolesulphonic acid 
               
               
                 Container 4 
                 2.000 
                 Demineralized water 
               
               
                   
                 0.400 
                 DMDM hydantoin 
               
               
                 Container 5 
                 0.400 
                 Preservatives 
               
               
                   
                 0.500 
                 Tocopheryl acetate 
               
               
                   
                 0.300 
                 Perfume 
               
               
                 Cold water 
                 27.000 
                 Demineralized water 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Firstly, the following phases are introduced into mixing containers: in mixing container ( 1 ) an oil phase heated to 60 to 95° C., in mixing container ( 2 ) a water phase heated to 60 to 95° C., in mixing container ( 3 ) an electrolyte-containing phase, in mixing container ( 4 ) a preservative phase and in mixing container ( 5 ) a phase comprising perfume oil and active ingredients. Metering from the mixing containers is continuous. The oil phase from mixing container ( 1 ) is firstly combined with the water phase from mixing container ( 2 ), then the water phase from mixing container ( 2 ), electrolyte-containing phase from mixing container ( 3 ) and the preservative phase from mixing container ( 4 ) are added. The mixture passes through a static inline mixer ( 10 ) model MS2G, Bran+Luebbe and is then emulsified in a loop mixer ( 11 ) model Burdosa DMT 320 at 1000 revolutions per minute. The exiting emulsion has a temperature of 93.1° C., is cooled suddenly to 61.2° C. at point (B) with cold water, and the phase comprising perfume oil and active ingredients from mixing container ( 5 ) is added at point (C). After passing through a further static mixer ( 12 ), model MS2G, Bran+Luebbe, the emulsion is homogenized in a homogenizer ( 13 ) model Becomix DH 500, Berents, where the temperature increases by 2 to 10° C. Cooling to 28.6° C. is then carried out by heat exchanger ( 14 ) and the product is drawn off. The product has a droplet size of 103.5 nm. A throughput of 3.5 t/h is achieved. 
     (5) Preparation of a Sun Milk 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Container 1 
                 5.500 
                 C12-C15 alkyl benzoate 
               
               
                   
                   
                 4.160 
                 Glyceryl stearate self-emulsifying 
               
               
                   
                   
                 2.500 
                 Caprylic/capric triglyceride 
               
               
                   
                   
                 2.240 
                 Stearic acid 
               
               
                   
                   
                 0.750 
                 Cetearyl ether 
               
               
                   
                   
                 3.000 
                 Octyltriazone 
               
               
                   
                   
                 2.500 
                 Tocopheryl acetate 
               
               
                   
                   
                 5.500 
                 Octyl methoxycinnamate 
               
               
                   
                   
                 1.000 
                 Titanium dioxide 
               
               
                   
                 Container 2 
                 14.806 
                 Demineralized water 
               
               
                   
                   
                 7.500 
                 Glycerol 
               
               
                   
                   
                 2.500 
                 Butylene glycol 
               
               
                   
                   
                 0.044 
                 Sodium hydroxide solution 45% 
               
               
                   
                 Container 3 
                 19.300 
                 Demineralized water 
               
               
                   
                   
                 2.000 
                 Dicaprylyl ether 
               
               
                   
                   
                 0.500 
                 Xanthan gum 
               
               
                   
                 Container 5 
                 3.500 
                 Ethanol 
               
               
                   
                   
                 0.300 
                 Preservatives 
               
               
                   
                   
                 2.000 
                 Capryl/capric triglyceride 
               
               
                   
                   
                 0.400 
                 Perfume 
               
               
                   
                 Cold water 
                 20.000 
                 Demineralized water 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Firstly, the following phases are introduced into mixing containers: in mixing container ( 1 ) an oil phase heated to 60 to 95° C., in mixing container ( 2 ) a water phase heated to 80° C., in mixing container ( 3 ) a thickener phase and in mixing container ( 5 ) a phase comprising perfume oil and active ingredients. Metering from the mixing containers is continuous. The oil phase from mixing container ( 1 ) is firstly combined with the water phase from mixing container ( 2 ), then the water phase from mixing container ( 2 ), and the thickener phase from mixing container ( 3 ) are added. The mixture passes through a static inline mixer ( 10 ) model MS2G, Bran+Luebbe and is then emulsified in a loop mixer ( 11 ) model Burdosa DMT 320 at 1000 revolutions per minute. The exiting emulsion has a temperature of 46.2° C., is cooled suddenly to 35-38° C. at point (B) with cold water, and the phase comprising perfume oil and active ingredients from mixing container ( 5 ) is added at point (C). After passing through a further static mixer ( 12 ), model MS2G Bran+Luebbe, the emulsion is homogenized in a homogenizer ( 13 ) model Becomix DH 500, Berents, where the temperature increases by 7 to 11° C. Cooling to 30° C. is then carried out by heat exchanger ( 14 ) and the product is drawn off. A throughput of 2 t/h is achieved. 
     (6) Preparation of a Cream Containing Active Ingredient 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Container 2 
                 45.178 
                 Demineralized water 
               
               
                   
                   
                 7.500 
                 Glycerol 
               
               
                   
                   
                 0.200 
                 Sodium hydroxide solution 45% 
               
               
                   
                 Container 1 
                 3.000 
                 Glyceryl stearate citrate 
               
               
                   
                   
                 4.000 
                 Caprylic/capric triglyceride 
               
               
                   
                   
                 2.600 
                 Cetyl alcohol 
               
               
                   
                 Cold water 
                 20.270 
                 Demineralized water 
               
               
                   
                 Container 4 
                 3.000 
                 Dicaprylyl ether 
               
               
                   
                   
                 0.400 
                 Carbomer 
               
               
                   
                 Container 3 
                 0.002 
                 Active ingredients 
               
               
                   
                   
                 10.000 
                 Cyclomethicone 
               
               
                   
                 Container 5 
                 3.100 
                 Ethanol 
               
               
                   
                   
                 0.500 
                 Preservatives 
               
               
                   
                   
                 0.250 
                 Perfume 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Firstly, the following phases are introduced into mixing containers: in mixing container ( 21 ) an oil phase heated to 60 to 95° C., in mixing container ( 22 ) a water phase heated to 60 to 80° C., in mixing container ( 23 ) an electrolyte-containing phase, in mixing container ( 24 ) a carbomer phase and in mixing container ( 25 ) a phase comprising perfume oil and active ingredients. Metering from the mixing containers is continuous. The oil phase from mixing container ( 21 ) is firstly combined with the water phase from mixing container ( 22 ), and passes through a static inline mixer ( 28 ) model MS2G, Bran+Luebbe, then the active-ingredient-containing phase from mixing container ( 23 ) and the carbomer phase from mixing container ( 24 ) are added. The mixture passes through the homogenizer model Becomix DH 500, Berents ( 29 ) with 800 revolutions per minute and is then emulsified in a loop mixer ( 30 ) model Burdosa DMT 320 at 500 revolutions per minute. The exiting emulsion has a temperature of 53.1° C., is cooled suddenly to 35-38° C. at point (Q) with cold water. After passing through a further static mixer ( 31 ), model MS2G, Bran+Luebbe and cooling to 31° C. in the heat exchanger ( 32 ), the phase comprising perfume oil and active ingredients from mixing container ( 25 ) is added at point (S). The emulsion is then homogenized in a homogenizer ( 33 ) model Becomix DH 500, Berents, with 2000 revolutions per minute, where the temperature increases by 2 to 10° C. Cooling to 28° C. is then carried out by heat exchanger ( 34 ) and the product is drawn off. A throughput of 6 t/h is achieved. 
     (7) Preparation of a Soft Cream 
     
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 Container 1 
                 3.500 
                 Paraffin oil 
               
               
                   
                 1.500 
                 Stearic acid 
               
               
                   
                 0.500 
                 Myristyl myristate 
               
               
                   
                 1.100 
                 Hydrogenated coconut fatty glycerides 
               
               
                   
                 0.350 
                 Preservatives 
               
               
                 Container 2 
                 29.130 
                 Demineralized water 
               
               
                   
                 3.500 
                 Glycerol 
               
               
                 Container 3 
                 6.000 
                 Demineralized water 
               
               
                   
                 0.600 
                 Sodium hydroxide solution 45% 
               
               
                 Container 4 
                 0.750 
                 Dimethicone 
               
               
                   
                 0.300 
                 Carbomer 
               
               
                   
                 18.750 
                 Demineralized water 
               
               
                   
                 2.800 
                 Ethanol, denatured 
               
               
                 Container 5 
                 0.500 
                 Actives 
               
               
                   
                 0.350 
                 Silicone oil 
               
               
                   
                 0.200 
                 Ethanol 
               
               
                   
                 0.170 
                 Perfume 
               
               
                 Cold water 
                 30.000 
                 Demineralized water 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Firstly, the following phases are introduced into mixing containers: in mixing container ( 21 ), an oil phase heated to 60 to 95° C., in mixing container ( 22 ) a water phase heated to 80° C., in mixing container ( 23 ) an NaOH-containing phase, in mixing container ( 24 ) a carbomer phase and in mixing container ( 25 ) a phase comprising perfume oil and active ingredients. Metering from the mixing containers is continuous. 
     The oil phase from mixing container ( 21 ) is firstly combined with the water phase from mixing container ( 22 ), and passes through a static inline mixer ( 28 ) model MS2G, Bran+Luebbe, then the NaOH-containing phase from mixing container ( 23 ) and the carbomer phase from mixing container ( 24 ) are added. Shortly before the homogenizer ( 29 ) model Becomix DH 500, Berents, cooling is carried out suddenly to 38-41° C. at point (P) with cold water. The mixture passes through the homogenizer model Becomix DH 500, Berents at 1000 revolutions ( 29 ) and is then emulsified in a loop mixer ( 30 ) model Burdosa DMT 320 at 1400 revolutions per minute. During this, a temperature of 42.3° C. Is established. After passing through a further static mixer ( 31 ), model MS2G, Bran+Luebbe and cooling in heat exchanger ( 32 ), the phase comprising perfume oil and active ingredients from mixing container ( 25 ) is added at point (R). The emulsion is then homogenized in an homogenizer ( 33 ) model Becomix DH 500, Berents, with 1000 revolutions per minute, where the temperature increases by 2 to 10° C. Cooling to 30° C. is then carried out by heat exchanger ( 34 ), and the product is drawn off. A throughput of 6 t/h is achieved. 
     (8) Preparation of a Skincare Liquid Soap 
     
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 Container 1 
                 3.500 
                 Cocoamidopropylbetaine 
               
               
                   
                 0.300 
                 PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil 
               
               
                 Container 2 
                 8.000 
                 Demineralized water 
               
               
                   
                 0.500 
                 Acrylate copolymer 
               
               
                   
                 0.450 
                 Preservatives 
               
               
                   
                 4.800 
                 Disodium coconut fatty acid glutamate 
               
               
                 Container 3 
                 6.101 
                 Demineralized water 
               
               
                   
                 2.000 
                 Sodium chloride 
               
               
                 Container 4 
                 25.000 
                 Sodium laureth sulphate 
               
               
                 Container 5 
                 6.350 
                 Cocamidopropylbetaine 
               
               
                   
                 0.300 
                 Perfume 
               
               
                 Cold water 
                 40.699 
                 Demineralized water 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Firstly, the following phases are introduced into mixing containers: in mixing container ( 21 ) an oil phase heated to 40° C., in mixing container ( 22 ) a water phase heated to 40° C., in mixing container ( 23 ) an electrolyte-containing phase, in mixing container ( 24 ) liquid lauryl ether sulphate and in mixing container ( 25 ) a phase comprising perfume oil and active ingredients. Metering from the mixing containers is continuous. The oil phase from mixing container ( 21 ) is firstly combined with the water phase from mixing container ( 22 ) and passes through a static inline mixer ( 28 ) model MS2G, Bran+Luebbe, then the electrolyte-containing phase from mixing container ( 23 ) and liquid lauryl ether sulphate from mixing container ( 24 ) are added. The mixture passes through the homogenizer model Becomix DH 500, Berents ( 29 ) at just 500 revolutions per minute and is then mixed intensively in a loop mixer ( 30 ) model Burdosa DMT 320 at 1000 revolutions per minute. During this, the temperature increases to 22.2° C. The exiting emulsion is cooled suddenly to 18° C. at point (Q) with cold water, and the phase comprising perfume oil and active ingredients from mixing container ( 25 ) is added at point (R). After passing through a further static mixer ( 31 ), model MS2G, Bran+Luebbe, the phase comprising perfume oil and active ingredients from mixing container ( 25 ) is added at point (S). The heat exchangers ( 32 ,  34 ) have no function here. Finally, the washing-active product is homogenized in a homogenizer ( 33 ) model Becomix DH 500, Berents, with 1000 revolutions per minute, where the temperature increases to 20.9° C. The product is then drawn off. A throughput of 8 t/h is achieved. 
     (9) Preparation of a Sunscreen Spray (PIT Emulsion) 
     
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 Container 1 
                 5.400 
                 Glyceryl stearate + Ceteareth-20 + Ceteareth- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 12 + cetearyl alcohol 
               
               
                   
                 3.000 
                 Tridecyl stearate (+) tridecyl trimellitate 
               
               
                   
                 3.300 
                 C12-15 alkyl benzoate 
               
               
                   
                 3.100 
                 Paraffin oil 
               
               
                   
                 7.000 
                 Octyl methoxycinnamate 
               
               
                   
                 1.000 
                 Diethylhexylbutamidotriazone 
               
               
                 Container 2 
                 33.15 
                 Demineralized water 
               
               
                   
                 5.000 
                 Glycerol 
               
               
                 Container 3 
                 7.800 
                 Demineralized water 
               
               
                   
                 0.150 
                 Sodium hydroxide solution 45% 
               
               
                   
                 0.500 
                 Phenylbenzimidazolesulphonic acid 
               
               
                 Container 4 
                 2.000 
                 Demineralized water 
               
               
                   
                 0.400 
                 Preservatives 
               
               
                 Container 5 
                 0.400 
                 Preservatives 
               
               
                   
                 0.500 
                 Active ingredients 
               
               
                   
                 0.300 
                 Perfume 
               
               
                 Cold water 
                 27.000 
                 Demineralized water 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Firstly, the following phases are introduced into mixing containers: in mixing container ( 21 ) an oil phase heated to 60 to 95° C., in mixing container ( 22 ) a water phase heated to 60 to 95° C., in mixing container ( 23 ) an electrolyte-containing phase, in mixing container ( 24 ) a preservative phase and in mixing container ( 25 ) a phase comprising perfume oil and active ingredients. Metering from the mixing containers is continuous. The oil phase from mixing container ( 21 ) is firstly combined with the water phase from mixing container ( 22 ), and passes through a static inline mixer ( 28 ) model MS2G, Bran+Luebbe, then the electrolyte-containing phase from mixing container ( 23 ) and preservative phase from mixing container ( 24 ) are added. The mixture passes through the homogenizer model Becomix DH 500, Berents ( 29 ), although it is switched off for this type of emulsion. The emulsion is then emulsified in a loop mixer ( 31 ) model Burdosa DMT 320 at 1000 revolutions per minute. The exiting emulsion has a temperature of 93.1° C. and is cooled suddenly to 61.2° C. at point (Q) with cold water. The mixture passes through a static inline mixer ( 30 ) model MS2G, Bran+Luebbe and then the phase comprising perfume oil and active ingredients from mixing container ( 25 ) is added at point (R). After passing through a heat exchanger ( 32 ), where the temperature adjusts to 38° C., the emulsion is homogenized in a homogenizer ( 33 ) model Becomix DH 500, Berents, at 500 revolutions per minute, during which the temperature does not increase. Cooling to 28.6° C. is then carried out by heat exchanger ( 34 ) and the product is drawn off. The product has a particle size of 103.5 nm. A throughput of 7 t/h is achieved. 
     (10) Preparation of a Sun Milk 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Container 1 
                 8.500 
                 Paraffin oil 
               
               
                   
                   
                 4.160 
                 Glyceryl stearate self-emulsifying 
               
               
                   
                   
                 2.500 
                 Caprylic/capric triglyceride 
               
               
                   
                   
                 2.240 
                 Stearic acid 
               
               
                   
                   
                 0.750 
                 Cetearyl alcohol 
               
               
                   
                   
                 2.500 
                 Active ingredients 
               
               
                   
                   
                 5.500 
                 Octyl methoxycinnamate 
               
               
                   
                   
                 1.000 
                 Titanium dioxide 
               
               
                   
                 Container 2 
                 22.306 
                 Demineralized water 
               
               
                   
                   
                 2.500 
                 Butylene glycol 
               
               
                   
                   
                 0.044 
                 Sodium hydroxide solution 45% 
               
               
                   
                 Container 3 
                 19.300 
                 Demineralized water 
               
               
                   
                   
                 2.000 
                 Dicaprylyl ether 
               
               
                   
                   
                 0.500 
                 Xanthan gum 
               
               
                   
                 Container 5 
                 3.500 
                 Ethanol 
               
               
                   
                   
                 0.300 
                 Preservatives 
               
               
                   
                   
                 2.000 
                 Caprylic/capric triglyceride 
               
               
                   
                   
                 0.400 
                 Perfume 
               
               
                   
                 Cold water 
                 20.000 
                 Demineralized water 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Firstly, the following phases are introduced into mixing containers: in mixing container ( 21 ) an oil phase heated to 60 to 95° C., in mixing container ( 22 ) a water phase heated to 60 to 80° C., in mixing container ( 23 ) a thickener phase and in mixing container ( 25 ) a phase comprising perfume oil and active ingredients. Metering from the mixing containers is continuous. The oil phase from mixing container ( 21 ) is firstly combined with the water phase from mixing container ( 22 ) and passes through a static inline mixer ( 28 ) model MS2G, Bran+Luebbe, then the thickener phase from mixing container ( 23 ) is added. The mixture passes through the homogenizer model Becomix DH 500, Berents with 1200 revolutions per minute ( 29 ) and is then emulsified in a loop mixer ( 30 ) model Burdosa DMT 320 at 1200 revolutions per minute. The exiting emulsion has a temperature of 46.2° C. and is cooled suddenly to 35-38° C. at point (Q) with cold water. After passing through a further static mixer ( 31 ), model MS2G, Bran+Luebbe and cooling in the heat exchanger ( 32 ), the phase comprising perfume oil and active ingredients from mixing container ( 25 ) is added at point (S). The emulsion is then homogenized in a homogenizer ( 13 ) model Becomix DH 500, Berents, at 2000 revolutions per minute, during which the temperature increases by 2 to 10° C. Cooling to 30° C. is then carried out by heat exchanger ( 14 ) and the product is drawn off. A throughput of 6 t/h is achieved.