Abstract:
An electrical system including multiple bodies having an underlying structure resembling a double helix may be used to produce useful electromagnetic fields for various applications.

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application is related to U.S. Pat. No. 8,653,925, entitled “Double Helix Conductor,” which issued Feb. 18, 2014. This application is related to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/194,412, entitled “Health Applications for Using Bio-Feedback to Control an Electromagnetic Field,” which was filed Feb. 28, 2014. The related patent(s) and application(s) are hereby incorporated by reference into the present application in their entirety. 
     
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    The invention relates to combinations of multiple bodies structured as helically wound runners around which one or more conductive wires may be wound, electrical devices and/or systems configured to include multiple bodies, the manufacture thereof and/or electrical devices and/or systems including multiple bodies. The invention relates to methods of operation of these devices and systems, and applications thereof. The invention relates to electrical devices and/or systems configured to provide therapy to patients by using electromagnetic fields. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0003]    It is known that spirally wound electrical conductors may exhibit certain electromagnetic properties and/or generate particular electromagnetic fields and/or waves. For example, it is known that an electromagnetic coil may act as an inductor and/or part of a transformer, and has many established useful applications in electrical circuits. One or more electromagnetic coils may be used to exploit the electromagnetic field and/or wave that is created when, e.g., one or more active current sources are operatively coupled to the one or more coils. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0004]    One aspect of the invention relates to an electrical system comprising multiple bodies and conductive wires. Individual bodies may include two intertwined helically wound runners. A first runner is coupled to the second runner by struts. Individual bodies may be arranged in toroidal shapes. Individual bodies may have different sizes such that a smaller body may be arranged within a larger body. Bodies may be arranged so that a smaller body and a larger body are nested. The conductive wires may be spirally wound around at least one runner of an individual body. 
         [0005]    These and other objects, features, and characteristics of the present disclosure, as well as the methods of operation and functions of the related components of structure and the combination of parts and economies of manufacture, will become more apparent upon consideration of the following description and the appended claims with reference to the accompanying drawings, all of which form a part of this specification, wherein like reference numerals designate corresponding parts in the various figures. It is to be expressly understood, however, that the drawings are for the purpose of illustration and description only and are not intended as a definition of the any limits. As used in the specification and in the claims, the singular form of “a”, “an”, and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0006]      FIG. 1  illustrates a side view of an exemplary body including two intertwined helically wound runners, coupled by struts. 
           [0007]      FIG. 2  illustrates an isometric view of an exemplary body including two intertwined helically wound runners, coupled by struts. 
           [0008]      FIG. 3  illustrates a top-down view of an exemplary body including two intertwined helically wound runners sharing the same circular axis, both runners coupled by struts. 
           [0009]      FIG. 4  illustrates an isometric view of an exemplary body including two intertwined helically wound runners sharing the same circular axis, both runners coupled by struts. 
           [0010]      FIG. 5  illustrates a top-down view of an exemplary body including two intertwined helically wound runners sharing the same circular axis and having wire guides, both runners coupled by struts. 
           [0011]      FIG. 6  illustrates an isometric view of an exemplary body including two intertwined helically wound runners sharing the same circular axis and having wire guides, both runner coupled by struts. 
           [0012]      FIG. 7  illustrates an exemplary body including two intertwined helically wound runners sharing the same elliptical axis, both runner coupled by struts. 
           [0013]      FIG. 8  illustrates a top-down view of an exemplary body including two intertwined helically wound runners sharing the same circular axis, both runners coupled by struts and having conductive wires spirally wound therearound. 
           [0014]      FIG. 9  illustrates a top-down view of an exemplary body including two intertwined helically wound runners sharing the same circular axis, both runner coupled by struts and having a wire spirally wound around both runners of the body. 
           [0015]      FIG. 10  illustrates a top-down view of an exemplary combination of two bodies arranged concentrically. 
           [0016]      FIG. 11  illustrates a top-down view of an exemplary combination of three bodies arranged concentrically. 
           [0017]      FIG. 12  schematically illustrates a system for providing therapy to a subject, according to one or more embodiments. 
           [0018]      FIG. 13  illustrates a method for providing therapy to a subject, according to one or more embodiments. 
           [0019]      FIG. 14A-14B  illustrate wiring diagrams for wiring wires around runners, according to one or more embodiments. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0020]      FIG. 1  illustrates a side view of an exemplary body  15 . Body  15  may include two or more intertwined helically wound runners—runner  16  and runner  17 . Runner  16  and runner  17  may be coupled by struts  18 . Body  15  includes two ends—end  20  and end  21 —disposed at opposite sides of body  15 . Runners  16  and/or  17  may be arranged in the shape of a three-dimensional curve similar to or substantially the same as a helix. A helix may be characterized by the fact that a tangent line at any point along the curve has a constant angle with a (fixed) line called the axis. The pitch of a helix may be the width of one 360 degree helix turn (a.k.a. revolution), e.g. measured parallel to the axis of the helix. Intertwined helically wound runners may share the same axis, be congruent, and/or differ by a translation along the axis, e.g. measuring half the pitch. The two runners shown in  FIG. 1  may share the same axis  22 , extending horizontally for approximately three complete revolutions. The length of body  15 , as measured along axis  22  from end  20  to end  21 , may thus be approximately three times the length of pitch  23 . A helical shape may have constant pitch, constant radius (measured in the plane perpendicular to the axis), constant torsion, constant curvature, constant ratio of curvature to torsion, and/or a straight axis. In  FIG. 1 , the radius of body  15  may be half of diameter  24 . It is noted that the shape of body  15  resembles the general shape of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). 
         [0021]    By way of non-limiting example, additional structures and/or features of body  15  may be described in U.S. Pat. No. 8,653,925, entitled “Double Helix Conductor,” which issued Feb. 18, 2014, which is hereby incorporated into this disclosure by reference in its entirety. This patent may also be referred to as “the &#39;925 patent” herein. 
         [0022]    In  FIG. 1 , the shape of cross-section of runner  16  and runner  17  may be a rectangle that is approximately three times wider than it is tall. Furthermore, the width of runner  16  or runner  17  may be approximately 1/13 th  of the pitch of said runner of body  15 . As a result, runner  17  of body  15  resembles a ribbon having an inner surface  25  (facing axis  22  of the helical shape) and an outer surface  26  (facing the opposite way as inner surface  25 ). Runner  16  of body  15  resembles a ribbon having an inner surface  27  (facing axis  22  of the helical shape) and an outer surface  28  (facing the opposite way as inner surface  27 ). Note that embodiments of this disclosure are not intended to be limited by any of the given examples. 
         [0023]    Runner  16 , runner  17  and/or struts  18  may be manufactured from one or more of plastic, plastic plated with metals including copper, nickel, iron, soft iron, nickel alloys, and/or other metals and alloys, and/or other materials. In some embodiments, runner  16 , runner  17  and struts  18  are manufactured from non-conductive material. Runner  16 , runner  17 , and/or struts  18  may be manufactured from different materials. Runner  16 , runner  17 , and/or struts  18  may be manufactured through integral construction or formed separately prior to being assembled. In some embodiments, runner  16 , runner  17 , and/or struts  18  may be include magnetically permeable material. In some embodiments, runner  16 , runner  17 , and/or struts  18  may be include non-ferromagnetic yet conducting material. 
         [0024]      FIG. 2  illustrates an isometric view of an exemplary body  15  including two intertwined helically wound runners—runner  16  and runner  17 —coupled by struts  18 . Body  15  is shown here with axis  22  of both helically wound runners extending vertically. 
         [0025]      FIG. 3  illustrates a top-down view of an exemplary body  35  including two intertwined helically wound runners—runner  36  and runner  37 —sharing the same circular axis  42 , both runners coupled by struts  38 . The resulting shape of body  35  may be referred to as toroidal. Body  35  may be formed the same as or similar to body  15 , though comprising more revolutions, by arranging the body in a planar circular shape and joining both ends—end  20  and end  21  in FIG.  1 —together. The preceding statement is not intended to limit the (process of) manufacture of bodies similar to or substantially the same as body  35  in any way. 
         [0026]    Referring to  FIG. 3 , the diameter  44  of the circular axis of body  35 , as well as the number of complete revolutions per runner required to completely extend along the entire circular axis  42  may be characteristic measurements/features of body  35 . For example, as shown in  FIG. 3 , runner  36  and runner  37  of body  35  may require approximately eight complete revolutions around circular axis  42  to completely extend along the entire circular axis  42  of body  35 , or some other number of rotations. 
         [0027]    Note that one or more struts  38  of body  35  in  FIG. 3  include a center-strut element  39 , which is lacking from struts  18  of body  15 . Center-strut element  39  may be associated with a particular strut of body  35 . 
         [0028]      FIG. 4  illustrates an isometric view of an exemplary body  35  including two intertwined helically wound runners—runner  36  and runner  37 —sharing the same circular axis, both runners coupled by struts  38 . Note that, as in  FIG. 3 , the struts of body  35  in  FIG. 4  may include a center-strut element  39 , which may be lacking from struts  18  of body  15 . 
         [0029]      FIG. 5  illustrates a top-down view of an exemplary body  55  including two intertwined helically wound runners—runner  57  and runner  58 —sharing the same circular axis  62  and having wire guides  56 , both runners coupled by struts  59 . Any part of runner  57  or runner  58  may include wire guides  56 . Wire guides  56  may include grooves, notches, protrusions, slots, and/or other structural elements disposed on and/or in runner  57  or runner  58  and configured to guide a wire along at least a part of the surface of runner  57  or runner  58 . 
         [0030]    Such a wire, as any wire listed in any figure included in this description, may be insulated, uninsulated, or partially insulated and partially uninsulated. As used herein, a “wire” may include a set of twisted wires (which may interchangeably be referred to as a “twisted wire”), including but not limited to a set of two twisted wires. The number of turns of a set of twisted wires per inch and/or per helical revolution of a runner may be characteristic measurements/features of the system. In some embodiments, the number of twists per inch of a twisted wire may be about 2, about 5, about 10, about 20, about 100, and/or another suitable number of twists. In some embodiments, the frequency characteristics of an alternating current and/or the corresponding generated electromagnetic field may be based on, proportional to, and/or otherwise related to the number of twists of a twisted wire. For example, a higher number of twists per inch may correspond to a higher operating frequency for the alternating current and/or the corresponding generated electromagnetic field. In some embodiments, multiple twisted wires (e.g. a first twisted wire wound around a first runner and a second twisted wire wound around a second runner) may have the same direction of twisting, and/or a different direction of twisting. In some embodiments, multiple wires (e.g. twisted wires) may be wound around the same runner. In some embodiments, a wire may be wound around some or all of one or more struts. 
         [0031]      FIG. 6  illustrates an isometric view of an exemplary body  55  including two intertwined helically wound runners—runner  57  and runner  58 —sharing the same circular axis and having wire guides  56 , both runners coupled by struts  59 . 
         [0032]      FIG. 7  illustrates an exemplary body  75  including two intertwined helically wound runners—runner  76  and runner  77 —sharing the same elliptical axis  78 , both runner coupled by struts  79 . A body including two (or more) intertwined helically wound runners sharing the same axis may be arranged in any planar shape, including a circle, an oval, a triangle, a square, a rectangle, an angular shape, a polygon, and/or other planar shapes. Alternatively, and/or simultaneously, such a body may be arranged in a three-dimensional curve (a.k.a. space curve). In  FIG. 7 , body  75  may be formed from a body similar to body  15 , though comprising more revolutions, by arranging the body in a planar elliptical shape and joining both ends—end  20  and end  21  in FIG.  1 —together. The preceding statement is not intended to limit the (process of) manufacture of bodies similar to or substantially the same as body  75  in any way. 
         [0033]      FIG. 8  illustrates a top-down view of an exemplary body  85  including two intertwined helically wound runners—runner  88  and runner  89 —sharing the same circular axis, coupled by struts  90  and having conductive wires—wire  86  and wire  87 —spirally wound therearound. Wire  86  and/or wire  87 , as any wire listed in any figure included in this description, may be insulated, uninsulated, or partially insulated and partially uninsulated. Wire  86  and/or wire  87 , as any wire listed in any figure included in this description, may be a twisted wire. Runner  88  and runner  89  of body  85  may form cores around which wire  86  and wire  87  are spirally wound, respectively. As such, wire  86  and wire  87  may be arranged in a helical shape having axes that coincide with runner  88  and runner  89 , respectively. 
         [0034]    Wire  86  may include two leads—lead  86   a  and lead  86   b.  Wire  87  may include two leads—lead  87   a  and lead  87   b.  Wire  86  and wire  87  may be conductive. One or more bodies similar to or the same as body  85  may be used in an electrical system having one or more power sources and/or current sources arranged such that electrical coupling with one or both of wire  86  and wire  87  may be established, e.g. through coupling with lead  86   a  and  86   b  of wire  86  and through coupling with lead  87   a  and  87   b  of wire  87 . The current supplied to wire  86  may be a direct current or an alternating current. The current supplied to wire  87  may be a direct current or an alternating current. The currents supplied to wire  86  and wire  87  may flow in the same direction or the opposite direction. For alternating currents, operating frequencies ranging from 0 Hz to 40 GHz are contemplated. The operating frequencies for wire  86  and wire  87  may be the same or different. Other electrical operating characteristics of current supplied to wire  86  and wire  87 , such as phase, amplitude, power-level, and/or other operating characteristics, may be the same or different. The electrical system may be used to exploit the electromagnetic field that is created when electrical power is supplied to one or more wires of one or more bodies similar to or the same as body  85 . 
         [0035]      FIG. 9  illustrates a top-down view of an exemplary body  95  including two intertwined helically wound runners—runner  97  and runner  98 —sharing the same circular axis, both runner coupled by struts and having a wire  96  spirally wound around both runners of body  95 . Wire  96  may include two leads—lead  86   a  and lead  86   b.  The resulting shape of body  95  with wire  96  may be referred to as a helicoidal shape. One or more bodies similar to or the same as body  95  may be used in an electrical system having a power source and/or a current source arranged such that electrical coupling with wire  96 , e.g. through leads  96   a  and  96   b,  may be established. The electrical power supplied to wire  96  may include a direct current or an alternating current. Operating frequencies for an alternating current flowing through wire  96  are contemplated to range from 0 Hz to 40 GHz. The electrical system may be used to exploit the electromagnetic field that is created when electrical power is supplied. 
         [0036]    Any of the bodies shown in  FIGS. 1-9  may be used in an electrical system. Conductive wires may be spirally wound around one or more runners, one or more struts, and/or any combination thereof to produce electrical systems having specific electromagnetic properties when electrical power is supplied to one or more of the conductive wires. 
         [0037]    Applications for any of the electrical systems described herein may include affecting growth and/or growth rate of plants and/or other organisms, medical applications, therapeutic applications, regenerative medicine, health applications, agriculture, treatment of humans and animals, material science, energy production, energy conversion, energy transformation, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, ATP transfer, ATP processing, and/or other applications. 
         [0038]    In some embodiments, an electrical system including any of the bodies shown in  FIGS. 1-9  (and/or multiple instances thereof) may be used as a component in an electrical circuit, performing one or more functions and/or applications including a (tunable) inductor, a (Tesla) coil, a transformer, a transducer, a transistor, a resistor, a solenoid, a stator for an electrical motor, an electromagnet, an electromagnetic pulse generator, an electromagnetic actuator, an energy conversion device, a position servomechanism, a generator, a stepping motor, a DC motor, a (contact-free) linear drive, an axial flux device, a measurement device for magnetic permeability, a dipole magnet, and a device to alter electron and/or particle trajectory. 
         [0039]    By way of illustration,  FIG. 10  illustrates an electrical system  100  including two bodies similar to body  85  (shown in  FIG. 8 ), depicted as a first body  85   a  and a second body  85   b.  Body  85   a  and body  85   b  may be the same as or similar to body  85  (shown in  FIG. 8 ) and described herein. Body  85   a  may include a first runner  88   a  and a second runner  89   a,  which may be similar to or the same as runner  88  and runner  89  shown in  FIG. 8 . Body  85   b  may include a first runner  88   b  and a second runner  89   b,  which may be similar to or the same as runner  88  and runner  89  shown in  FIG. 8 . First body  85   a  may be arranged in a toroidal shape having a first centroid  101 . Second body  85   b  may be arranged in a toroidal shape having a second centroid  102 . Second body  85   b  may be arranged in a toroidal shape within first centroid  101 . In some embodiments, second body  85   b  may be nested within first body  85   a.    
         [0040]    Referring to  FIG. 10 , in some embodiments, first body  85   a  and second body  85   b  may be arranged such that the toroidal shape of first body  85  and the toroidal shape of second body  85   b  are concentric. The toroidal shape of first body  85   a  may be planar and/or two-dimensional. The toroidal shape of second body  85   b  may be planar and/or two-dimensional. The toroidal shape of first body  85  may be arranged to be in the same plane as the toroidal shape of second body  85   b.  In some embodiments, the toroidal shape of first body  85  and the toroidal shape of second body  85   b  may be in parallel planes. Conductive wires may be wound around the runners depicted in  FIG. 10 . 
         [0041]    By way of illustration,  FIG. 11  illustrates an electrical system  110  including three bodies similar to body  85  (shown in  FIG. 8 ), depicted as first body  85   a,  second body  85   b,  and a third body  85   c.  Body  85   a,  body  85   b,  and body  85   c  may be the same as or similar to body  85  (shown in  FIG. 8 ) and described herein. Body  85   c  may include a first runner  88   c  and a second runner  89   c,  which may be similar to or the same as runner  88  and runner  89  shown in  FIG. 8 . Third body  85   b  may be arranged in a toroidal shape within second centroid  102 . In some embodiments, third body  85   c  may be nested within second body  85   b.    
         [0042]    Referring to  FIG. 11 , in some embodiments, first body  85   a,  second body  85   b , and/or third body  85   c  may be arranged such that their respective toroidal shapes are concentric. The respective toroidal shapes may be planar and/or two-dimensional. The respective toroidal shapes may be arranged to be in the same plane. In some embodiments, the respective toroidal shapes may be in parallel planes. Conductive wires may be wound around the runners depicted in  FIG. 11 . 
         [0043]      FIG. 12  schematically illustrates an electrical system  115  including two bodies similar to body  85  (shown in  FIG. 8 ), indicates as first body  85   a  and second body  85   b  (similar to or the same as shown in  FIG. 10 ). Electrical system  115  may further include one or more of a user interface  120 , one or more physical processors  110 , one or more sensors  142 , electronic storage  130 , one or more current sources  12 , an input component  111 , a playback component  112 , a processing component  113 , and/or other components. 
         [0044]    Sensor(s)  142  may be configured to generate output signals conveying information. The information may include electrophysiological information and/or other information. In some embodiments, the one or more sensors  142  may include one or more of an audio sensor, a microphone, a stethoscope, a pressure sensor, a motion sensor, a proximity sensor, an electromagnetic sensor, an electrode, a temperature sensor, a current sensor, an optical sensor, an electro-optical sensor, and/or other sensors or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the one or more processors  110  may be configured to provide information-processing capabilities and/or execute computer program components, including but not limited to input component  111 , playback component  112 , processing component  113 , and/or other components. By way of non-limiting example, additional structures and/or features of sensor  142 , processor  110 , user interface  120 , electronic storage  130 , input component  111 , playback component  112 , and/or processing component  113 , may be described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/194,412, entitled “Health Applications for Using Bio-Feedback to Control an Electromagnetic Field,” which was filed Feb. 28, 2014, which is hereby incorporated into this disclosure by reference in its entirety. This application may also be referred to as “the &#39;412 application” herein. 
         [0045]    The one or more current sources  12  may be configured to induce one or more currents across electrical leads, including but not limited to the electrical leads of the one or more conductive wires wound around the runners of first body  85   a  and/or second body  85   b.  In some embodiments, the one or more currents may include one or more alternating currents. In some embodiments, one or more induced currents may correspond to one or more sensor-generated output signals. In some embodiments, the one or more induced currents may correspond to one or more signals generated by a transducer and/or one or more other components of system  115 . 
         [0046]    Referring to  FIG. 12 , in some embodiments, the current supplied to the conductive wires wound around runners  88   a  and  89   a  of first body  85   a  may be the same or similar with regard to one or more electrical characteristics, including but not limited to frequency, amplitude, power level, and/or other electrical operating characteristics. In some embodiments, one or more electrical characteristics of the currents supplied to the conductive wires wound around runners  88   a  and  89   a  of first body  85   a  may be different. Alternatively, and/or simultaneously, the current supplied to the conductive wires wound around runners  88   b  and  89   b  of second body  85   b  may be the same or similar with regard to one or more electrical characteristics, including but not limited to frequency, amplitude, power level, and/or other electrical operating characteristics. In some embodiments, one or more electrical characteristics of the currents supplied to the conductive wires wound around runners  88   b  and  89   b  of second body  85   b  may be different. 
         [0047]    In some embodiments, one or more electrical operating characteristics of the currents supplied to first body  85   a  may be the same as or similar to the currents supplied to second body  85   b.  For example, both bodies may be supplied with a 100 Hz alternating current. In some embodiments, one or more electrical operating characteristics of the currents supplied to first body  85   a  may be different than the currents supplied to second body  85   b.  For example, the frequency of the alternating current supplied to first body  85   a  (which may be referred to as the first frequency) may be different than the frequency of the alternating current supplied to second body  85   b  (which may be referred to as the second frequency). For example, the current supplied to first body  85   a  may be 1 A, whereas the current supplied to second body  85   b  may be 2 A or 3 A. For example, the current supplied to second body  85   b  may be 1 A, whereas the current supplied to first body  85   a  may be 2 A or 3 A. Other factors and/or ratios are considered within the scope of this disclosure. 
         [0048]    In some embodiments, an alternating current supplied to first body  85   a  may be referred to as a first current, and an alternating current supplied to second body  85   b  may be referred to as a second current. In some embodiments, the first current and/or the second current may include a carrier signal and a modulating signal. In some embodiments, the carrier signal used for the first current and the second current may be similar or the same, e.g. having the same frequency. In some embodiments, carrier signals used for the first current and/or the second current may be radio-frequency signals. As used herein, radio frequency may refer to frequencies between about 30 kHz and about 30 GHz. In some embodiments, the modulating signal for the first current and/or the second current may be modulated through one or more of amplitude modulation, frequency modulation, phase modulation, digital modulation, and/or other types of modulation. In some embodiments, the modulating signal for the first current may include a first frequency. The modulating signal for the second current may include a second frequency. 
         [0049]    In some embodiments, the first frequency and the second frequency may form an interval, e.g. a musical and/or harmonious interval. The interval may be defined by a specific type of musical tuning, including but not limited to twelve-tone equal temperament musical tuning. The first frequency and the second frequency may form a ratio, for example a small-integer ratio in which the ratio may be reducible to N/M, with both N and M being integers less than 50. 
         [0050]    In some embodiments, the first frequency and the second frequency may be based on audio recordings of a note, tone, or chord, generated by a frequency generator and/or a (musical) instrument. For example, a first frequency may be based on the sound of a piano playing an A above middle C (also referred to as A4, which may include sound having a frequency of about 432 Hz, depending on the tuning system used). For example, a second frequency may be based on the sound of some instrument (e.g. a piano) playing a note forming a harmonious interval with A4, e.g. E5, which may include sound having a frequency of about 648 Hz. This tuning may be referred to as Pythagorean tuning. Mathematically perfect tuning may combine notes having a 3:2 ratio. Different types of tuning (or tuning systems), including but not limited to equal tempered tuning, may be used and considered within the scope of this disclosure. 
         [0051]    Is some embodiments, an electrical system may include three bodies, as depicted in  FIG. 11 . The alternating currents supplied to the three bodies may be based on sounds having different frequencies, e.g. a first, second, and third frequency. These three frequencies may form intervals, e.g. musical and/or harmonious intervals, including but not limited to chords. For example, the first frequency may be 880 Hz (A5), the second frequency may be about 1046.50 (C6), and the third frequency may be about 1318.51 Hz (E6), thus forming an A-minor chord. In some embodiments, a set of harmonic intervals may be made using a different tuning. For example, an harmonic combination may be an 880 Hz note, a 1320 Hz note, and a 1660 Hz note. 
         [0052]    Processor  110  may include one or more of a digital processor, an analog processor, a digital circuit designed to process information, a central processing unit, a graphics processing unit, an analog circuit designed to process information, and/or other mechanisms for electronically processing information. Although processor  110  is shown in  FIG. 12  as a single entity, this is for illustrative purposes only. In some embodiments, processor  110  may include a plurality of processing units. 
         [0053]    It should be appreciated that although components  111 - 113  are illustrated in  FIG. 12  as being co-located within a single processing unit, in embodiments in which processor  110  includes multiple processing units, one or more of components  111 - 113  may be located remotely from the other components. The description of the functionality provided by the different components  111 - 113  described herein is for illustrative purposes, and is not intended to be limiting, as any of components  111 - 113  may provide more or less functionality than is described. For example, one or more of components  111 - 113  may be eliminated, and some or all of its functionality may be incorporated, shared, integrated into, and/or otherwise provided by other ones of components  111 - 113 . Note that processor  110  may be configured to execute one or more additional components that may perform some or all of the functionality attributed below to one of components  111 - 113 . 
         [0054]    Input component  111  may be configured to obtain information, e.g. from one or more digital audio files, or, alternatively and/or simultaneously, based on sensor-generate output signals. In some embodiments, the information may be obtained from storage, e.g. from electronic storage. Information obtained from storage may include electronic audio files in any format, including but not limited to MP3, WMA, WAV, AIFF, and/or other audio formats. In some embodiments, information may be obtained from sound sources including frequency generators, phonographs, CD-players, DVD players, AM radio, FM radio, and/or other sound sources. 
         [0055]    Processing component  113  may be configured to process the obtained information from input component  111 . In some embodiments, processing component  113  may be configured to generate a processed signal based on the obtained information from input component  111 . For example, processing module  113  may convert, filter, modify, and/or otherwise transform information or signals from input module  111  to generate the processed signal. 
         [0056]    Playback component  112  may be configured to produce sound signals based on one or more of the obtained information from input component  111  and/or the processed signal from processing component  113 . The sound signals produced by playback component  112  may be coupled electrically to the leads of one or more conductive wires wound around one or more runners of body  85   a  and/or body  85   b  such that the induced current corresponds to and/or is based on the sound signals. Alternatively, and/or simultaneously, the induced current may be controlled by and/or based on the sound signals produced by playback component  112 . In some embodiments, the sound signals produced by playback module  112  may be amplified by an amplifier before being electrically coupled to the leads of one or more conductive wires. In some preferred embodiments, the amplifier may be an audio amplifier ranging between 100 W and 400 W. Other types of amplifiers and/or amplifiers having a different power range are also contemplated. 
         [0057]      FIG. 14A  illustrates a wiring diagram  1401  for wiring a twisted wire  1421  and/or a twisted wire  1422  around one or more runners of a body having two or more intertwined helically wound runners, as described elsewhere in this disclosure. In some embodiments, twisted wire  1421  may be wound around a first runner (e.g. the same as or similar to runner  88  shown in  FIG. 8 ). One or more signals may be provided to twisted wire  1421  through four leads (indicated by a circled positive or negative sign in  FIG. 14A ). The signal provided to twisted wire  1421  may be based on audio recordings of a note, tone, or chord, generated by a frequency generator, a (musical) instrument, and/or another sound source. By way of non-limiting example, the signal may be similar to or based on the information obtained by an input component (e.g. the same as or similar to input component  111  shown in  FIG. 12 ), the processed signal generated by a processing component (e.g. the same as or similar to processing component  113  shown in  FIG. 2 ), a sound signal produced by a playback component (e.g. the same as or similar to playback component  112  shown in  FIG. 12 ), and/or an amplified signal from an audio amplifier  1405 . In some embodiments, audio amplifier  1405  may support multiple audio channels, e.g. a channel “a” and a channel “b” as illustrated by labels “a” and “b” in  FIG. 14A . The signal on channel “a” of audio amplifier  1405  is labeled “F1.” In some embodiments, signal F1 may substantially include and/or be based on a particular frequency. As shown in  FIG. 14A , the positive side of signal F1 may be electrically and/or operationally connected to two of the four leads of twisted wire  1421 , wherein the two selected leads are on opposite ends of twisted wire  1421 . The negative side of signal F1 may be electrically and/or operationally connected to the remaining two of the four leads of twisted wire  1421 , which may be on opposite ends of twisted wire  1421 . 
         [0058]    In some embodiments, wiring diagram  1401  may include a second twisted wire  1422 . In some embodiments, twisted wire  1422  may be wound around a second runner (e.g. the same as or similar to runner  89  shown in  FIG. 8 ). One or more signals may be provided to twisted wire  1422  through four leads (indicated by a circled positive or negative sign in  FIG. 14A ). The signal provided to twisted wire  1422  may, in some embodiments, be the same as the signals provided to twisted wire  1421 , e.g. the F1 signal. In some embodiments, the signal provided to twisted wire  1422  may be provided by channel “b” of audio amplifier  1405 . In some embodiments, the signal provided to twisted wire  1422  may be provided by one or more channels of an audio amplifier  1410 . The signal of audio amplifier  1410  is labeled “F2.” In some embodiments, signal F2 may substantially include and/or be based on a particular frequency, which may be a different frequency than the frequency used for signal F1. For example, signal F1 may be based on a frequency of 250 Hz, and signal F2 may be based on a frequency of four times the frequency of signal F1, e.g. 1000 Hz. Likewise, signals F1 and F2 may be 216 Hz and 864 Hz, respectively, by way of non-limiting example. As indicated in  FIG. 14A , the positive side of signal F2 may be electrically and/or operationally connected the two positive leads of twisted wire  1422 , on opposite ends of twisted wire  1422 . The negative side of signal F1 may be electrically and/or operationally connected to the two negative leads of twisted wire  1422 , on opposite ends of twisted wire  1422 . 
         [0059]      FIG. 14B  illustrates a wiring diagram  1402  for wiring a twisted wire  1431  and a twisted wire  1432  around two runners of a body having two intertwined helically wound runners, as described elsewhere in this disclosure. In some embodiments, twisted wire  1431  may be wound around a first runner (e.g. the same as or similar to runner  88  shown in  FIG. 8 ). In some embodiments, twisted wire  1432  may be wound around a second runner (e.g. the same as or similar to runner  89  shown in  FIG. 8 ). One or more signals may be provided to twisted wire  1431  through four leads and to twisted wire  1432  through four leads (indicated by a circled positive or negative sign in  FIG. 14B ). In some embodiments, the signals provided to twisted wire  1431  and  1432  may be provided by an audio amplifier  1415  that supports multiple audio channels, e.g. a channel “a” and a channel “b” as illustrated by labels “a” and “b” in  FIG. 14B . The signal on channel “a” of audio amplifier  1415  is labeled “F1.” The signal on channel “b” of audio amplifier  1415  is labeled “F2.” As shown in  FIG. 14B , the positive side of signal F1 may be electrically and/or operationally connected to two of the eight leads of twisted wires  1431  and  1432 , wherein the two selected leads are on opposite ends. The negative side of signal F1 may be electrically and/or operationally connected to two other leads of twisted wires  1431  and  1432 , which may be on opposite ends of twisted wire  1421 . As shown in  FIG. 14B , the positive side of signal F2 may be electrically and/or operationally connected to two of the eight leads of twisted wires  1431  and  1432 , wherein the two selected leads are on opposite ends. The negative side of signal F2 may be electrically and/or operationally connected to two other leads of twisted wires  1431  and  1432 , which may be on opposite ends of twisted wire  1421 . In some embodiments using wiring diagram  1402 , signal F1 may be based on a frequency of 250 Hz, and signal F2 may be based on a frequency of four times the frequency of signal F1, e.g. 1000 Hz. Likewise, signals F1 and F2 may be 216 Hz and 864 Hz, respectively, by way of non-limiting example. 
         [0060]    In some embodiments, the wiring of two twisted wires around two intertwined helically wound runners as shown in wiring diagram  1401  and/or wiring diagram  1402  may be used as a basis for wiring an electrical system having two, three, or more bodies arranged in each other&#39;s proximity. such an electrical system may be the same as or similar to system  100  shown in  FIG. 10  or system  110  shown in  FIG. 11 . For example, in an electrical system using two bodies that each include two intertwined helically wound runners, the four runners may be wound with four twisted wires having a total of 16 leads that may be used to electrically and/or operationally connected to 1, 2, and/or 4 audio amplifiers and/or channels thereof that are the same as or similar to audio amplifier  1405 , audio amplifier  1410 , and/or audio amplifier  1415  (e.g. using channels “a” and “b”). 
         [0061]    Electronic storage  130  of system  115  in  FIG. 12  comprises electronic storage media that electronically stores information. The electronic storage media of electronic storage  130  may include one or both of system storage that is provided integrally (i.e., substantially non-removable) with system  115  and/or removable storage that is connectable to system  115  via, for example, a port (e.g., a USB port, a Firewire port, etc.) or a drive (e.g., a disk drive, etc.). Electronic storage  130  may include one or more of optically readable storage media (e.g., optical disks, etc.), magnetically readable storage media (e.g., magnetic tape, magnetic hard drive, floppy drive, etc.), electrical charge-based storage media (e.g., EPROM, EEPROM, RAM, etc.), solid-state storage media (e.g., flash drive, etc.), and/or other electronically readable storage media. Electronic storage  130  may store software algorithms, information determined by processor  110 , information received via user interface  120 , and/or other information that enables system  115  to function properly. For example, electronic storage  130  may store sound information and/or electronic audio files (as discussed elsewhere herein), and/or other information. Electronic storage  130  may be a separate component within system  115 , or electronic storage  130  may be provided integrally with one or more other components of system  115  (e.g., processor  110 ). 
         [0062]    User interface  120  of system  115  in  FIG. 12  is configured to provide an interface between system  115  and a user (e.g., a user  108 , a subject  106 , a caregiver, a therapy decision-maker, etc.) through which the user can provide information to and receive information from system  115 . This enables data, results, and/or instructions and any other communicable items, collectively referred to as “information,” to be communicated between the user and system  115 . An example of information that may be conveyed to user  108  is an indication of the volume and/or intensity of the sound signals produced by playback module  112 . Examples of interface devices suitable for inclusion in user interface  120  include a keypad, buttons, switches, a keyboard, knobs, levers, a display screen, a touch screen, speakers, a microphone, an indicator light, an audible alarm, and a printer. Information may be provided to user  108  or subject  106  by user interface  120  in the form of auditory signals, visual signals, tactile signals, and/or other sensory signals. 
         [0063]    It is to be understood that other communication techniques, either hard-wired or wireless, are also contemplated herein as user interface  120 . For example, in one embodiment, user interface  120  may be integrated with a removable storage interface provided by electronic storage  130 . In this example, information is loaded into system  115  from removable storage (e.g., a smart card, a flash drive, a removable disk, etc.) that enables the user(s) to customize system  115 . Other exemplary input devices and techniques adapted for use with system  115  as user interface  120  include, but are not limited to, an RS-232 port, RF link, an IR link, modem (telephone, cable, Ethernet, internet or other). In short, any technique for communicating information with system  115  is contemplated as user interface  120 . 
         [0064]      FIG. 13  illustrates a method  1300  for providing therapy to a subject. The operations of method  1300  presented below are intended to be illustrative. In certain embodiments, method  1300  may be accomplished with one or more additional operations not described, and/or without one or more of the operations discussed. Additionally, the order in which the operations of method  1300  are illustrated in  FIG. 13  and described below is not intended to be limiting. 
         [0065]    In certain embodiments, method  1300  may be implemented in one or more processing devices (e.g., a digital processor, an analog processor, a digital circuit designed to process information, an analog circuit designed to process information, and/or other mechanisms for electronically processing information). The one or more processing devices may include one or more devices executing some or all of the operations of method  1300  in response to instructions stored electronically on an electronic storage medium. The one or more processing devices may include one or more devices configured through hardware, firmware, and/or software to be specifically designed for execution of one or more of the operations of method  1300 . 
         [0066]    Regarding method  1300 , at an operation  1302 , at an operation  1302 , an electrical system is arranged at or near the subject. The electrical system includes a first body and a second body. The first body includes a first runner and a second runner. The first runner and the second runner are helically intertwined. The first body is arranged in a first toroidal shape having a first centroid. A first conductive wire is wound around the first runner and a second conductive wire is wound around the second runner. The second body includes a third runner and a fourth runner. The third runner and the fourth runner are helically intertwined. The second body is arranged in a second toroidal shape having a second centroid. A third conductive wire is wound around the third runner and a fourth conductive wire is wound around the fourth runner. The second body is arranged in a second toroidal shape within the first centroid. The first body and the second body are arranged such that the first toroidal shape and the second toroidal shape are concentric. In some embodiments, operation  1302  is performed by an electrical system the same as or similar to electrical system  115  (shown in  FIG. 12  and described herein). 
         [0067]    At an operation  1304 , one or more alternating currents are induced through the first conductive wire, the second conductive wire, the third conductive wire, and the fourth conductive wire such that the one or more alternating currents create an electromagnetic field at or near at least one of the first centroid and the second centroid. The electromagnetic field provides therapy to a subject. In some embodiments, operation  1304  is performed by one or more current sources the same as or similar to current source  12  (shown in  FIG. 12  and described herein). 
         [0068]    At an operation  1306 , information is obtained by a physical processor. In some embodiments, operation  1306  is performed by a processor and/or computer program component the same as or similar to processor  110  and/or input component  111  (shown in  FIG. 12  and described herein). 
         [0069]    At an operation  1308 , the obtained information is processed and a processed signal is generated based on the obtained information. In some embodiments, operation  1308  is performed by a processing component the same as or similar to processing component  113  (shown in  FIG. 12  and described herein). 
         [0070]    At an operation  1310 , sound signals are produced based on the processed signal. The induced one or more alternating currents are based on the produced sound signals. In some embodiments, operation  1310  is performed by a playback component the same as or similar to playback component  112  (shown in  FIG. 12  and described herein). 
         [0071]    Although the invention has been described in detail for the purpose of illustration based on what is currently considered to be the most practical and preferred embodiments, it is to be understood that such detail is solely for that purpose and that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but, on the contrary, is intended to cover modifications and equivalent arrangements that are within the spirit and scope of the appended claims. For example, it is to be understood that the present invention contemplates that, to the extent possible, one or more features of any embodiment can be combined with one or more features of any other embodiment.