Abstract:
A range selector issues a range selection command signal representative of an operation range of a shift-by-wire type automatic transmission meeting with a driver&#39;s intention. The operating range is at least one of P(parking)-range, R(reverse)-range, N(neutral)-range and D(drive)-range. An actuator causes the transmission to assume a certain operation range when receiving an instruction signal. A control unit issues the instruction signal by processing the range selection command signal, so that the transmission is able to assume an operation range that meets with the driver&#39;s intention. The control unit is configured to carry out, when the range selector fails to issue the range selection command signal, presuming a range selection intended by the driver based on a previous operation of the range selector; and based on the presumption, causing through the actuator the transmission to actually carry out at least one of first and second range selection operations. The first range selection operation meets with the driver&#39;s intention and the second range selection operation is to maintain the operation range that has been kept just before the failure of the range selector.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0001]    1. Field of the Invention  
           [0002]    The present invention relates in general to automotive automatic transmissions of a so-called shift-by-wire type wherein a range change of the transmission is carried out by an actuator that is controlled in accordance with a range selection command signal issued from a range selector manually actuated by a driver, and the more particularly to a range selection control device that carries out the above-mentioned automatic range change of the transmission. More specifically, the present invention relates to the range selection control devices of a type that can cope with such a difficult case wherein the range selector fails to issue the command signal.  
           [0003]    2. Description of the Related Art  
           [0004]    In automatic transmissions having a continuously variable transmission unit installed therein, there is arranged a link mechanism between a shift lever that is manipulated by a driver and a manual valve that is installed in a hydraulic control circuit of the transmission. That is, when, upon need of a speed change, the driver shifts the shift lever to a desired range, the manual valve is shifted to a position to induce a desired operation range of the transmission that corresponds to the range desired by the driver.  
           [0005]    In the field of the automatic transmissions, a so-called shift-by-wire type has been proposed and put into practical use for allowing the transmission to exhibit a much improved performance. That is, in the shift-by-wire type transmissions, the range section is electronically carried out.  
           [0006]    One of the automatic transmissions of such shift-by-wire type is shown in Japanese Laid-open Patent Application (Tokkaihei) 5-203042, which comprises a range selection switch (or range selector) that issues a corresponding range selection command signal when a driver shifts the shift lever to P(parking)-range, R(reverse)-range, N(neutral)-range, or D(drive)-range, and an electric motor (or actuator) that moves the manual valve to a corresponding position upon receiving the range selection command signal from the range selection switch.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0007]    However, due to its inherent construction, the transmission of the above-mentioned Japanese Patent Application tends to fail to exhibit a satisfied operation particularly when, by a driver with an intention of shifting the shift lever from D-range to N-range, the shift lever is moved awkwardly to an incomplete intermediate position between D-range and N-range. In this case, the range selection switch issues no signal and the transmission is forced to keep the manual valve at a position corresponding to D-range. However, under this condition, there is induced an undesired circumstance wherein the transmission assumes D-range although the driver would think that the shift lever has been placed at N-range. Of course, if, under this condition, an accelerator is depressed, the vehicle is accelerated contrary to the driver&#39;s intention.  
           [0008]    Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a range selection control device of an automatic transmission, which is free of the above-mentioned drawing.  
           [0009]    According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a range selection control device of a shift-by-wire type automatic transmission of a motor vehicle, which comprises a range selector that issues a range selection command signal representative of an operation range of the transmission meeting with a driver&#39;s intention, the operating range being at least one of P(parking)-range, R(reverse)-range, N(neutral)-range and D(drive)-range; an actuator that causes the transmission to assume a certain operation range when receiving an instruction signal; and a control unit that issues the instruction signal by processing the range selection command signal, so that the transmission is able to assume an operation range that meets with the driver&#39;s intention, wherein the control unit is configured to carry out, when the range selector fails to issue the range selection command signal, presuming a range selection intended by the driver based on a previous operation of the range selector; and based on the presumption, causing through the actuator the transmission to actually carry out at least one of first and second range selection operations, the first range selection operation meeting with the driver&#39;s intention and the second range selection operation being to maintain the operation range that has been kept just before the failure of the range selector.  
           [0010]    According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided, in a range selection control device of a shift-by-wire type automatic transmission of a motor vehicle having a range selector that issues a range selection command signal representative of an operation range of the transmission meeting with a driver&#39;s intention, the operating range being at least one of P(parking)-range, R(reverse)-range, N(neutral)-range and D(drive)-range, and actuator that causes the transmission to assume a certain operation range when receiving an instruction signal, the instruction signal being produced by processing the range selection command signal, so that the transmission is able to assume an operation range that meets with the driver&#39;s intention, a method of operating the range selection control device which comprises, when the range selector fails to issue the range selection command signal, presuming a range selection intended by the driver based on a previous operation of the range selector; and based on the presumption, causing through the actuator the transmission to actually carry out at least one of first and second range selection operations, the first range selection being meeting with the driver&#39;s intention and the second range selection operation being to maintain the operation range that has been kept just before the failure of the range selector. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0011]    [0011]FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a range selection control device of an automatic transmission of a shift-by-wire type, which is an embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0012]    [0012]FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing operation steps executed by a control unit employed in the present invention;  
         [0013]    [0013]FIGS. 3A and 3B are front and side views of a range selection switch employed in the invention;  
         [0014]    [0014]FIGS. 4A and 4B are views similar to FIGS. 3A and 3B, but showing an internal constitution of the range selection switch; and  
         [0015]    [0015]FIGS. 5A and 5B are views similar to FIGS. 4A and 4B, but showing a condition wherein the range selection switch issues no signal. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
       [0016]    Referring to FIG. 1 of the drawings, there is diagrammatically shown a range selection control device of an automatic transmission, which is an embodiment of the present invention. The automatic transmission is of a shift-by-wire type.  
         [0017]    In the drawing, the transmission is indicated by reference numeral  1 , which has a continuously variable transmission unit installed therein. Indicated by numeral  2  is a manual shaft which rotates about its axis when a shift lever (not shown) is moved. That is, when, due to movement of the shift lever, manual shaft  2  is rotated to P-range, R-range, N-range or D-range, a manual valve  14  linked to manual shaft  2  is shifted to a corresponding position for establishing a requested speed condition of the transmission  1 .  
         [0018]    Tightly disposed on manual shaft  2  is a worm wheel  3  with which a worm gear  4  is meshed, as shown. Worm gear  4  is driven by a step motor  5  which serves as an actuator. Thus, upon energization of step motor  5 , the same rotates manual shaft  2  through worm gear  4  and worm wheel  3 . With the rotation of manual shaft  2 , manual valve  14  operatively installed in a hydraulic line HL is moved to a desired position corresponding to P-range, R-range, N-range or D-range. As is shown in the drawing, the four ranges (or positions), viz., P-, R-, N- and D-ranges relative to manual shaft  2  are arranged in the illustrated order, that is, R-range is located between P-range and N-range, and N-range is located between R-range to D-range.  
         [0019]    Step motor  5  is controlled by a control unit  6 . For this control, various information signals are fed to control unit  6 , which are a selected range signal “Sr” issued from a range sensor  7  that detects a selected range of the transmission  1  from an angular position of manual shaft  2 , a vehicle speed signal “VSP” issued from a vehicle speed sensor  8  that detects a vehicle speed of the associated vehicle, and a range command signal “sd” and a distance signal “L” that are issued from a range selection switch  9 .  
         [0020]    Control unit  6  is a microcomputer which generally comprises CPU (central processing unit), RAM (random access memory), ROM (read only memory), and Input and Output Interfaces.  
         [0021]    Range selection switch  9  is a range selector that issues a range selection command signal representative of an operation range of the transmission  1  that is really needed by the driver. Range selection switch  9  is operated in accordance with movement of a shift lever (not shown) of the transmission  1 . If desired, range selection switch  9  may be of a type that is directly handed by the driver.  
         [0022]    As is shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B, range selection switch  9  comprises a housing  10 , a selector dial  11  that is rotatably installed in housing  10  and a shift switch  12  that is installed in housing  10 . Selector dial  11  has a knob  11   b  provided thereon. The knob  11   b  may be removed when range selection switch  9  is of a type that is tuned in accordance with the movement of the shift lever of the transmission  1 .  
         [0023]    As is seen from FIGS. 4A and 4B, particularly FIG. 4B, that show the interior of the range selection switch  9 , a point plate  11   a  is fixed to selector dial  11  to rotate therewith, and four terminal plates  12   p ,  12   r ,  12   n  and  12   d  are fixed to shift switch  12  on a circular path on and along which the point plate  11   a  travels when selector dial  11  is turned. Thus, when, due to movement of the shift lever of the transmission  1 , selector dial  11  is turned, point plate  11   a  is also turned while slidably contacting the terminal plates  12   p ,  12   r ,  12   n  and  12   d  one after another or  12   d ,  12   n ,  12   r  and  12   p.    
         [0024]    As is seen from FIG. 4A, these terminal plates  12   p ,  12   r ,  12   n  and  12   d  are arranged in order of the arrangement of the P-, R-, N- and D-ranges.  
         [0025]    As is seen from FIG. 4A, an optical distance sensor  13  is fixed to an inner wall of housing  10  to detect a distance “L” to point plate  11   a  therefrom. As will be seen from the drawing, the distance “L” changes in accordance with rotation of selector dial  11 .  
         [0026]    When, upon shifting of the shift lever to a certain position, selector dial  11  takes a certain angular position with point plate  11   a  in contact with one of terminal plates  12   p ,  12   r ,  12   n  and  12   d , range selection switch  9  issues to control unit  6  a range command signal “sd” that represents a needed operation range of the transmission  1  denoted by the mark “P”, “R”, “N” or “D”. That is, when the driver turns selector dial  11  to the position of mark “N”, range selection switch  9  issues a range command signal “sd” that represents N-range of the transmission  1  that is really needed by the driver.  
         [0027]    Distance signal “L” detected by optical distance sensor  13  is also fed to control unit  6 .  
         [0028]    Referring to FIG. 2, there is shown a flowchart that show programmed operation steps executed  6  by control unit  6  for carrying out a range selection of the transmission  1 .  
         [0029]    At step S 1 , judgment is carried out as to whether a silence time for which range selection switch  9  is suspended from issuing the range command signal “sd” has become longer than a predetermined time or not.  
         [0030]    In the following, the silence time of the range selection switch  9  will be described.  
         [0031]    When, as is seen from FIGS. 4A and 4B, selector dial  11  is turned by a driver to a certain angular position where point plate  11   a  is in contact with one of the four terminal plates  12   p ,  12   r ,  12   n  and  12   d , range selection switch  9  issues a range command signal “sd” that represents an operation range of the transmission  1  which is really needed by the driver. That is, as has been mentioned hereinabove, when the driver turns selector dial  11  to position of the mark “D”, range selection switch  9  issues a range command signal “sd” that is needed for establishing D-range operation of the transmission  1 .  
         [0032]    While, when, as is seen from FIGS. 5A and 5B, due to manipulation error to selector dial  11 , the same happens to stop at an awkward or incomplete position between two complete positions, for example, a position between the mark “N” and the mark “D”, point plate  11   a  fails to contact any of the terminal plates  12   n  and  12   d . Under this condition, range selection switch  9  is suspended from issuing a range command signal “sd”.  
         [0033]    Thus, while the selector dial  11  is in such incomplete position, a so-called no-signal state is kept by range selection switch  9 . While, when selector dial  11  is being manipulated or under rotation, such no-signal state is not kept for a long time because point plate  11   a  contacts the terminal plates  12   p ,  12   r ,  12   n  and  12   d  one after another.  
         [0034]    It is to be noted that such no-signal state is also induced when range selection switch  9  fails to operate.  
         [0035]    Thus, step S 1  of the flowchart of FIG. 2 is a step for judging whether or not selector dial  11  has been erroneously manipulated, or range selection switch  9  has failed to operate.  
         [0036]    Referring back to FIG. 2, if NO at step S 1 , that is, when it is judged that selector dial  11  is in the complete position or range selection switch  9  is in a normal condition, the operation flow goes to step S 2 . At this step S 2 , based on a range-command signal “sd” issued from range selection switch  9 , step motor  5  (see FIG. 1) is turned to a position that corresponds to the range represented by the signal “sd”. With the turning of step motor  5 , manual shaft  2  is turned moving manual valve  14  to a corresponding position thereby to establish a requested speed condition of the transmission  1 .  
         [0037]    While, if YES at step S 1 , that is, when it is judged that selector dial  11  is in the incomplete position or range selection switch  9  fails to operate normally, the operation flow goes to step S 3 . At this step S 3 , based on a previous value of the selected range signal “Sr” that has been detected by range sensor  7  (see FIG. 1), judgment is carried out as to whether a previously selected range that has been taken just before the no-signal state was R-range or not.  
         [0038]    If YES, that is, when it is judged that the previous range was R-range, the operation flow goes to step S 4 . At this step S 4 , with reference to a variation of a present distance “L” relative to a previous distance “L” which are derived from the distance signal “L” issued from distance sensor  13 , judgment is carried out as to whether the direction in which selector dial  11  was turned just before the no-signal state was a direction from the mark “R” to the mark “N” or a direction from the mark “R” to the mark “P”.  
         [0039]    If YES, that is, when it is judged that the direction was from the mark “R” to mark “N”, the operation flow goes to step S 5 . At this step S 5 , a range selection from R-range to N-range is actually carried out meeting with the driver&#39;s intention.  
         [0040]    As is seen from the above, when range selection switch  9  does not issue a range command signal “sd” for over a predetermined time, the R-range is not maintained, but a range selection is actually carried out from R-range to N-range meeting the driver&#39;s intention. Thus, under this condition, if the driver depresses the accelerator pedal, backward movement of the vehicle, which is contrary to the driver&#39;s intention, is not carried out.  
         [0041]    If NO at step S 4 , that is, when it is judged that the direction was from the mark “R” to mark “P”, the operation flow goes to step S 6 . At this step S 6 , judgment is carried out as to whether or not the vehicle speed is within a safe parking speed range that permits a safe parking lock. It is to be noted that when the vehicle speed is over such range, the action of a parking device for bringing a parking pawl into engagement with a parking gear would induce a breakage of the parts or at least a gear noise produced therefrom.  
         [0042]    If YES, that is, when it is judged that the vehicle speed is within the safe parking speed range, the operation flow goes to step S 7 , and there, a range selection from R-range to P-range is actually carried out meeting with the driver&#39;s intention. While, if NO, that is, when it is judged that the vehicle is over the safe parking speed range, the operation flow goes to step S 8 , and there, a range selection from R-range to N-range is carried out for avoiding the breakage or gear noise of the parking device.  
         [0043]    As will be seen from the above, also in the case wherein the vehicle speed is within the safe parking speed range or over the safe parking speed range, the range selection from R-range to P-range or from R-range to N-range is carried out without maintaining R-range that has been assumed at a time just before the no-signal state. That is, also in such case, a range selection for the purpose of stopping the vehicle is actually carried out meeting with the driver&#39;s intention. That is, under this condition, even when the driver depresses the accelerator pedal, undesired backward movement of the vehicle never occurs.  
         [0044]    It is to be noted that when the vehicle speed is within the safe parking speed range, the actual range selection is made toward N-range not toward P-range. Thus, breakage of the parking device is prevented. That is, when the vehicle speed is lowered to the safe parking safe range, the range selection from R-range to P-range is actually carried out, which fully reflects the driver&#39;s intention. Thus, if the vehicle is subjected to a no-signal state of range selection switch  9  on a sloped road, the P-range is assuredly obtained.  
         [0045]    Referring back to the flowchart of FIG. 2, if NO at step S 3 , that is, judgment is so made that the previously selected range was not R-range, the operation flow goes to step S 9 . At this step S 9 , judgment is carried out as to whether the previously selected range that has been taken just before the no-signal state was D-range or not (viz., either one of P-range and N-range).  
         [0046]    If YES at step S 9 , that is, when it is judged that the previously selected range was D-range, the operation flow goes to step S 10 . At this step S 10 , judgment is carried out as to whether the vehicle speed is within a lower speed range that needs no engine braking or not (viz., a higher speed range that needs the engine braking).  
         [0047]    If YES at step S 10 , that is, when the vehicle speed is within the lower speed range, the operation flow goes to step S 11 . At this step S 11 , a range selection from D-range to N-range is actually carried out meeting with the driver&#39;s intention.  
         [0048]    In view of the arrangement of the marks “P”, “R”, “N” and “D” of the range selection switch  9 , when the no-signal state of range selection switch  9  occurs just after the condition of D-range, it is easily expected that the range selection switch  9  has been handled by the driver for the purpose of shifting the range from D-range to N-range.  
         [0049]    As will be seen from the above, in the case wherein the vehicle speed is within the lower speed range, the range selection is made from D-range to N-range meeting with the driver&#39;s intention. Accordingly, in this case, if the driver depresses the accelerator pedal, forward movement of the vehicle, which is contrary to the driver&#39;s intention, is not carried out.  
         [0050]    If NO at step S 10 , that is, when the vehicle speed is over the lower speed range that needs an engine brake, the operation flow goes to step S 12  to keep D-range.  
         [0051]    It is to be noted that keeping D-range brings about an engine brake and thus speed reduction of the vehicle is easily and quickly achieved. When, due to this speed reduction, the vehicle speed becomes into the lower speed range, step S 10  issues YES and thus the range selection from D-range to N-range is actually carried out at step S 11  meeting with the driver&#39;s intention.  
         [0052]    If NO at step S 9 , that is, when it is judged that the previously selected range was not D-range, that is, the range was P-range or N-range, the operation flow goes to step S 13  to keep P-range or N-range.  
         [0053]    In view of the arrangement of the marks “P”, “R”, “N” and “D” of the range selection switch  9 , when the no-signal state of range selection switch  9  occurs just after the condition of P-range or N-range, it is easily expected that the range selection switch  9  has been handled by the driver for the purpose of shifting the range from P-range to R-range, from N-range to R-range or from N-range to D-range. Thus, at step S 13 , P-range or N-range is maintained. Under this condition, the vehicle is not moved forward even if the driver depresses the accelerator pedal.  
         [0054]    As is described hereinabove, for sensing the driver&#39;s shift intention, range selection switch  9  is equipped with shift switch  12  for judging the range intended by the driver and distance sensor  13  for judging the operation direction intended by him or her. However, the present invention is not limited to such devices  12  and  13 . That is, for effecting such judgments, potentiometers may be used in the present invention.  
         [0055]    The entire contents of Japanese Patent Application 2003-039465 filed Feb. 18, 2003 are incorporated by reference.  
         [0056]    Although the invention has been described above with reference to the embodiment of the invention, the invention is not limited to such embodiment as described above. Various modifications and variations of such embodiment may be carried out by those skilled in the art, in light of the above description.