Abstract:
A high output, powered air purifying respirator that includes an anti-contamination suit, a filter for filtering particulates from the air, a high powered blower for delivering a cool flow of air to the body, and a stabilization mechanism. The stabilization mechanism is configurable in either head mounted or back mounted modules as desired by a worker. The head mounted configuration facilitates stream lined mobility and includes a head mounted suspension system with a circular rail and roller bearing halo around the worker&#39;s head for stabilizing the blower/filter and allowing for rotation of the worker&#39;s head inside the halo. The invention also includes additional modules, also configurable by the user, such as personal hydration and independent camera and dosimeter support.

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS  
       [0001]     This application is filed pursuant to two Provisional Patent Applications having Application No. 60/689,164 filed on Jun. 10, 2005 and Application No. 60/751,060 filed on Dec. 19, 2005. 
     
    
     FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT  
       [0002]     Not applicable.  
       REFERENCED OR INCORPORATED MATERIAL  
       [0003]     Not applicable.  
       BACKGROUND OF INVENTION  
       [0004]     The present invention relates to anti-contamination suits as used in industry where particulate contamination is of concern. Air particulates can include a number of components including: acids (such as nitrates and sulfates), organic chemicals, metals, and soil or dust particles. Of particular concern is radioactive particulates such as can be found in nuclear power facilities. Additionally, radioactive particulates would also be present in the event of a radioactive release such as through the detonation of a “dirty bomb.” In these areas it is desirable to minimize radioactive particulate exposure and associated radiation doses with respect to workers working in contaminated zones. To this end, workers or other remediation crews often utilize anti-contamination suits for protection. Anti-contamination suits and their associated breathing mechanisms are also sometimes referred to as respirators.  
         [0005]     One problem frequently encountered in the art of anti-contamination suits occurs with respect to the suit and equipment post operation, that is, after the completion of the task which required the anti-contamination suit. After completing such a task, the suit and equipment which have been exposed to the contaminated environment must either be decontaminated or otherwise properly and safely disposed. Such decontamination or disposal can be quite costly and it is therefore desirable to limit anti-contamination suit parts which must be discharged in such a way.  
         [0006]     Anti-contamination suits can be divided into two general types with respect to worker mobility namely, tethered and independent. Tethered anti-contamination suits are so named because the worker is necessarily connected to a separate or stationary air source via some air conduit connected to a breathing air compressor supply system or a bank of air bottles. Such suits have advantages only in the limited circumstances where the worker is restricted to a small radius from the air source. In such a circumstance, the worker is free from wearing additional devices which decontaminate the air. However, if the worker desires mobility, he is further restricted by the hose length and must be mindful of the air conduit as it has the tendency to crimp or otherwise restrict necessary flow.  
         [0007]     The second variety of suits is generally described as independent. These anti-contamination suits are not tethered to a stationary air source and independently provide the worker with filtered air. These suits are desirable for their high degree of mobility. However, they are also plagued with a number of disadvantages. Independent anti-contamination suits do not require a breathing air source. Therefore, the user must wear air filtering equipment to minimize the intake of air borne particulates from the ambient air. As a result, bulky air blowers and battery packs of limited time duration add weight and awkward attachments to the suit. In many designs, blowers and filters are positioned around the waist of the worker and have conduit to deliver the air to the worker&#39;s head. Such suits suffer from low air flow to the face which results in a build up of excessive metabolic heat in the suit and fogging of the suit visor or hood. Excessive heat in the suit can lead to debilitating heat stress for the worker. Moreover, the addition of air conduit creates air flow resistance to push the air through the hose and, once again, adds the implication of potential crimping of any hose thereby restricting air flow.  
         [0008]     Another problem prevalent to the independent air suit is the bulkiness of the added equipment. With respirators and blowers attached to the waist of the worker, the worker often has a difficult time accessing and maneuvering in tight settings. Often the work environment is very hot and the industry currently deals with the heat by having workers wear an optional “ice vest” which consists of a vest with big, heavy bags or compartments containing the common “blue gel” found in freezer packs. As this material goes from frozen to liquid form it often shifts downward in its location on the vest and can be perceived by the wearer as dead weight.  
         [0009]     In nuclear industry facilities and other radioactive environments (such as would follow a nuclear mishap or “dirty bomb” detonation), the problems identified above with respect to tethered and independent anti-contamination suits are compounded by the intensity of the environment. In a radioactive environment, time is of the essence. Every second that a nuclear power operation is down while a worker is in the field addressing the problem costs vast sums of money. And, more importantly, every second that the worker is in a radioactive environment increases his exposure to radioactivity which increases the dose of radiation he receives. Therefore, it is of a great advantage when the worker is free and unencumbered so that he may perform his task and leave the radioactive environment in as little time as possible.  
         [0010]     Unfortunately, under the current state of the art, anti-contamination suits having the above outlined drawbacks contribute greatly to the time spent in radioactive environments in order to complete a task. Awkward filter/blower placement on anti-contamination suits produce inefficient designs that fail to deliver good air flow to the user and limit mobility. These designs increase user discomfort and the time necessary to perform most tasks. Tethers or similar conduit in other suits are dependant on the hose length which limits mobility and requires the worker to spend time monitoring the line for crimps thus increasing the amount of time in the contaminated environment. Importantly, low volumes of air flow to the face and lack of air flow to the entire body contribute mightily to an overheating of the worker and a resultant inefficiency in work conditions. Furthermore, the short battery life of battery packs in the independent suits require the worker to spend even more time monitoring battery life and frequently changing or charging batteries. Taken together, these drawbacks found in the current state of the art lead to performance discomforts and difficulties while adding considerable time to accomplish a given task. Therefore, there is clearly a need in the art for a device which continues to shield the worker from harmful contamination yet also provides conditions which approach those that would exist if the worker wore no suit while completing a task at peek efficiency.  
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
       [0011]     Given the problems present in the current state of the art, it is the central object of the present invention to provide an anti-contamination device that improves the in suit environment and by doing so also improves the performance of the workers who wear the suit in the field so as to allow them to complete their tasks in less time while maintaining protection from particulates. It is a further object of this invention that the anti-contamination suit be versatile and economically efficient in its manufacture and in its field deployment.  
         [0012]     In furtherance of these objectives, the present invention contemplates an anti-contamination device that is designed to shield the worker from contaminates and at the same time allow the worker to perform his tasks more efficiently and with greater comfort. The present invention combines cooling from enhanced air flow, including full body cooling, comfort, visual clarity, and even personal hydration in a suit that is streamlined for work in tight places and independent of any tethers to an outside air source. Additionally, the suit is relatively inexpensive to manufacture and operates efficiently by directly delivering air to the user in a very efficient means and by minimizing parts that need to be disposed of safely or otherwise decontaminated.  
         [0013]     One feature of the present invention is that it is designed to be modular in function. This is to say that versatility is emphasized by the flexibility in blower/filter placement. The invention contemplates the blower/filter being installed at the top of the suit (on the worker&#39;s head) or at the rear of the suit (on the upper portion of the worker&#39;s back) while utilizing the same power belt in either configuration. Further, the invention is designed to work with a wide variety of suit materials and designs. Specifically, the suit can be a one piece, full bodied jumpsuit design, a one piece “hood only” design, or a two piece hood and pants option. The suit can also be constructed of a number of materials including, but not limited to PVC, paper, or polyethylene.  
         [0014]     The present invention has as a central feature a high output blower that delivers filtered air directly to the head and face of the worker without need for any conduit or tubing which might crimp or otherwise restrict air flow while in use. The high output blower is powerful enough to deliver positive pressure air throughout a one piece “jumpsuit” type suit design. In either the head placement or the back placement of the blower/filter, the high air flow is designed to travel across the face of the worker drawing away metabolic heat, cooling the worker, and preventing fogging to the suit visor or hood. The air then passes over the rest of the body, providing further cooling, and then out of the suit via strategically placed vents or one way valves in the suit.  
         [0015]     As worker comfort is an important component in operational efficiency, another central feature of the design relates to worker comfort as apart from the cooling aspects identified above. Specifically, the blower/filter device is designed to be comfortable to wear in either the head or the back configuration. It is lightweight and in the back configuration attaches to the worker via a comfortable double shoulder harness. Lightweight system design is achieved by remotely locating the power source to a very thin battery power belt. In the head configuration, the device lightly sits atop the worker&#39;s head. Importantly, the head adorned configuration does not limit the worker&#39;s neck or head movement because the invention&#39;s roller bearing or swivel mechanism allows head movement without translating any displacement to the blower/filter or to the suit&#39;s hood. The device also contemplates a suspension system that acts as a shock absorber. The suspension system prevents or limits movement in the head mounted blower/filter from translating to the worker&#39;s head causing discomfort.  
         [0016]     Another important feature of the invention relates to the flexibility in adding additional components. The device has attachment points for such devices as dosimeters and personal cameras. If these devices also require an independent power source, the suit&#39;s battery power belt comes equipped with several extra power connections. Moreover, the battery power belt is designed to achieve a long life from the attached batteries allowing the worker more time in completing his task. Furthermore, the batteries selected for use in the battery power belt are capable of quick recharge.  
         [0017]     The principle point of attachment for the additional components is the spider ring. The spider ring serves a number of important functions for the suit in addition to being a platform for attachments. When the blower/filter is configured on the head, the spider ring serves to ensure that the bubble hood of the anti-contamination suit does not collapse and directs the air flow to the front of the hood. When the blower/filter is configured on the upper back, the spider ring serves as protection for the blower opening and additionally as an air foil to direct the flow of the air into the hood and over the head of the worker thereby facilitating cooling and ventilation.  
         [0018]     Additionally, the invention contemplates an optional personal hydration pack. The hydration pack serves the multiple purposes of cooling, hydration, and a stabilizer mount for the blower/filter further aiding in the worker&#39;s comfort and resultant efficiency. Water can be frozen inside a hydration pack which is attached inside the anti-contamination suit. The ice aids in cooling the worker. Once the ice melts, the worker then can use the water to rehydrate himself via a tube carrying the water to his mouth.  
         [0019]     Another important element of the invention relates to contamination and associated decontamination and disposal. A central feature of the device is that the high powered blower is located interior to the anti-contamination suit. Such a location means that the blower does not have to undergo time-consuming and expensive decontamination following operation and is therefore ready to be reused. Further, the battery pack belt is designed to be worn either inside the anti-contamination suit, thereby not requiring decontamination, or it can be worn exterior to the suit but inside a protective sleeve, similarly not requiring decontamination. Importantly, the invention also contemplates anti-contamination protection for other devices typically encountered in the field. For instance, head mounted safety devices such as hard hats and ear protection can be worn by the worker interior to the suit with the back mounted configuration such that air flow to the worker is not inhibited and the additional devices do not require decontamination. 
     
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0020]     In order to understand the invention and to see how it may be carried out in practice, a preferred embodiment will now be described by way of non-limiting example only, with reference to the accompanying drawing in which:  
         [0021]      FIG. 1  is a perspective view of a worker&#39;s head wearing the blower/filter with the head-mounted stabilizer as see through the clear hood;  
         [0022]      FIGS. 2A-2C  are side views of the one piece suit with the blower/filter unit in the back mounted configuration, the one piece suit with the blower/filter in the head mounted configuration, and the two piece suit with the blower/filter unit in the back mounted configuration;  
         [0023]      FIGS. 3A-3C  are similar side views depicting air flow through the suits in their various configurations;  
         [0024]      FIG. 4  is a side view of a worker&#39;s head wearing the blower/filter with the head-mounted stabilizer as see through the clear hood;  
         [0025]      FIG. 5  is the same view as  FIG. 4  with the depiction of how air is drawn in the filter at the top, blown forward from the blower and guided down the worker&#39;s face by the clear hood;  
         [0026]      FIG. 6  is a slightly angled view from above where the filter has been removed and what is shown is the blower&#39;s threaded connection tube coming up through the spider ring that is covering and obscuring nearly all of the blower and some of the halo band, adjustable head band and the roller/swivel mechanism that connects the two bands;  
         [0027]      FIG. 7  is a slightly angled side view of the same device depicted in  FIG. 6 , again without the filter being shown in this drawing;  
         [0028]      FIG. 8  is a front and back view of a worker wearing the back stabilizer with the blower and spider ring shown without the filter, in the back mounted configuration, and with the battery pack belt, the anti-contamination suit being lowered to reveal the above items;  
         [0029]      FIG. 9  is a close in perspective view of the filter and protective collar in the back mounted configuration with the front arm of the spider ring holding the suit back from covering the opening of the blower and showing air being drawn into the filter and blown up behind and ultimately over the head and face of the worker inside the clear hood;  
         [0030]      FIG. 10  is a different perspective view of a back mounted configuration of the filter, its intake ducts and the protective collar that surrounds the tubes that connect the blower to the filter, said collar going from the filter to the edge of the hole in the suit where it seals against the suit pressing into the sealing gasket positioned inside and just under the edge of the hole in the suit;  
         [0031]      FIG. 11  is a rear view of a worker wearing the hydration back pack and using it as the stabilizing mechanism for the blower unit, shown again without filter and with the spider ring, the blower intake tube, and the sealing gasket, said worker also wearing the battery belt pack but not the anti-contamination suit; and  
         [0032]      FIG. 12  is a perspective view through the clear hood of the worker using the hydration pack tube and associated bite mouth piece to obtain water or other hydrating liquid stored in the hydration back pack. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION  
       [0033]     It is to be understood by a person having ordinary skill in the art that the present discussion is a description of exemplary embodiments only, and is not intended as limiting the broader aspects of the present invention. The following example is provided to further illustrate the invention and is not to be construed to unduly limit the scope of the invention.  
         [0034]     The anti-contamination suit garment of the present invention can be any variety of protection systems that surrounds the worker and protects him from a contaminated environment. Also included in the invention is any partially protective suit such as a solo hood protective garment. The suit can likewise be made of many materials as discussed supra. In the preferred embodiment, the suit utilizes a clear “bubble hood” made of clear PVC. Likewise, the remainder of the suit, whether one or two pieces, is also made of PVC though the invention is not limited to any one material.  
         [0035]     Inside the suit is the blower unit  30  which provides air  200  and cooling to the worker. The blower is a high output “squirrel cage type blower and is located inside the suit. The blower is attached via removable screw/nut connection  70  to the stabilizing mechanism.  
         [0036]     In the back mounted module, the stabilizing mechanism is a back pack  150  with a double shoulder harness. The back pack  150  is a broad “I” shape with matching adjustable straps that secure the unit to the worker and a lower back strap that can secure the back pack to the battery belt power pack  190 . When the hydration bladder  300  and its associated hydration back pack  330  are used, the flap of the hydration back pack substitutes for and provides the same stabilizing mechanism as the broad “I” back pack  150 . Prior to operation in the back mount module, the screw/nut connections  70  will be tightened securing the blower unit to the broad “I” back pack  150  or the hydration back pack  330 .  
         [0037]     In the head mounted module, the stabilizing mechanism is a head mounted suspension system that attaches to the blower  30 . The purpose of this suspension system is to both protect the head from impacts to the filter  10  and to allow the head to rotate freely inside the hood  170  without disturbing the hood or blower unit  30 . Using the same removable screw/nut connection method  70 , the blower  30  is attached to a shock absorbing member  140 . This member is then fixedly attached to the halo ring  110 . The halo ring  110  encircles the head of the worker and acts as a rail on which a roller bearing or swivel mechanism  130  slides. The swivel mechanism  130  is fixedly attached to an adjustable head band  120  and is slidingly attached to the halo ring  110 . The adjustable head band  120  is designed to fit the worker&#39;s head comfortably with pads and it both encircles the head and crosses over the top of the head. With this configuration, rotation of the head about the axis of the neck in the plane of the halo band  110  is thus possible without any disruption to the hood  170  or blower unit  30 .  
         [0038]     Also connected to the blower unit  30  via screw/nut means  70  is the spider ring  50 . In the back mounted and the head mounted modules, the spider ring  50  is attached to the blower  30  on the side opposite the stabilizing mechanism. In the case of the back mounted module this is either the broad “I” back pack  150  or the hydropack back pack  330  and in the case of the head mounted module this is the shock absorbing member  140 . The spider ring  50  is designed to protect the blower opening  90  and facilitate air flow  200  from the blower  30  in the back mounted module up and into the hood  170 . In the head mounted module, the spider ring  50  is designed to facilitate air flow  200  by preserving the shape of the hood  170  and also serve as an attachment platform for mounting a small video camera and other small devices such as dosimeters and lights using the spider ring point of attachment holes  60 .  
         [0039]     The stabilizing mechanism, the blower  30 , and the spider ring  50  are all internal to the suit to minimize or eliminate any need for decontamination. Extending through a specially placed hole in the suit (either in the hood or on the back  160 ) is a cylindrically threaded intake extension  40  that is part of the blower unit  30 . In this embodiment, the threads are inward. These threads mesh with the outwardly disposed threads of the filter  10 . In order to seal the suit and to protect the cylindrically threaded intake extension  40  of the blower  30  from contamination, a protective collar  20  that is slightly larger in diameter than the blower intake extension  40  is installed between the blower  30  and the filter  10  by slipping it over and around that outer diameter of the blower intake extension  40 . The protective collar  20  presses on the suit and forms a seal as the threads of the filter  10  and blower intake extension  40  mesh and the filter  10  is screwed on. That is, as the filter  10  and blower intake extension  40  threads are screwed together, the top edge of the protective collar  20  presses against the filter  10  and the bottom edge of the protective collar  20  presses the rim of the suit hole against a sealing gasket  95  positioned inside the suit and around the blower intake extension  40  thereby forming a tight seal. The sealing gasket  95  rests against the spider ring  50  which the blower intake extension  40  first passes through.  
         [0040]     Power is supplied to the blower  30  via a cable  100  with a locking electrical connector that connects to the battery pack belt  190 . The battery pack belt  190  is configured in a very thin belt designed to be worn by the worker. The battery pack  190  has connections for the blower  30  as well as other devices such as a small camera. In the preferred embodiment, the batteries are long life, quick recharging batteries such as Nickel-Metal Hydride. In addition the battery pack belt  190  can be worn inside the suit or outside. When worn outside the suit, the battery pack belt  190  is sleeved in a protective sleeving so that it remains contaminate free.  
         [0041]     When desired by the worker, the hydration bladder  300  and hydration back pack  330  that securely carries it are worn on the back of the worker inside the anti-contamination suit. When the back mounted configuration is desired, the hydration back pack  330  also functions as the stabilization mechanism for the blower unit  30  while providing in-suit cooling and hydration. When the head mounted configuration is desired, the same hydration bladder  300  and hydration back pack  330  unit that stabilized and supported the back mounted configuration can still be used independently for in-suit cooling and hydration. The hydration back pack  330  has a pouch that securely holds the hydration bladder  300  that contains water or other hydrating liquid and a hydration tube  310  for distributing the liquid to the worker&#39;s mouth when the worker uses the hydration mouth piece  320 . The hydration bladder  300  is designed of material that can withstand freezing so that as a further cooling option the liquid can be frozen inside the hydration bladder  300  and worn to cool the body. When the frozen liquid thaws, the worker can consume the liquid hands free via the connected hydration tube  310  and hydration mouth piece  320  inside the suit.  
         [0042]     In either the head or back mounted configuration, air  200  is brought in to the filter  10  through the filter intake ducts  80  and contaminants are removed by the filter  10 . The high output blower  30  forces a jet stream of air  200  throughout the suit delivering cooling to the body and filtered air to breath. The blower  30  and filter  10  combination has been designed for easy modular use in either the head or back mounted configuration. Furthermore, the absence of air hoses, either to external or internal air sources, gives the worker a key advantage in comparison to the current air flow designs used by the industry. When the back mounted configuration is in place, the air  200  flows up into the hood  170  over the worker&#39;s head to the face and then down over the body. When the head mounted configuration is in place, the air  200  flows directly forward and down over the worker&#39;s face and then down over the body. The air  200  then exits through vents  1   80  placed in the suit in such locations as the worker&#39;s elbow, waist, and calf. Such full body air  200  flow provides cooling to the worker&#39;s entire body. As the worker is able to stay cooler than in suits currently used in the industry, the worker is able to be more productive and less likely to have his vision impaired by a fogged face visor or hood.