Abstract:
Embodiments of a wireless user equipment device are disclosed that may allow for the detection of radio frequency conditions. The device may be configured to determine message priorities and control the activation of a connected mode discontinuous reception in response to the message priorities.

Description:
PRIORITY CLAIM 
       [0001]    This application claims benefit of priority of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/706,355, filed on Sep. 27, 2012, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. 
     
    
     FIELD 
       [0002]    This disclosure relates to wireless devices, and more particularly to improved operation of wireless devices while in a discontinuous reception mode. 
       DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED ART 
       [0003]    Wireless communication systems are rapidly growing in usage. Further, wireless communication technology has evolved from voice-only communications to also include the transmission of data, such as Internet and multimedia content. 
         [0004]    In order to reduce power consumption and improve the battery life of wireless user equipment (UE), discontinuous reception (DRX) has been introduced in several wireless standards such as UMTS, LTE (Long-term evolution), WiMAX, etc. DRX mode powers down most of the UE circuitry when there are no packets to be received or transmitted and only wakes up at specified times or intervals to listen to the network. DRX can be enabled in different network connection states, including connection mode and idle mode. In connected mode DRX (C-DRX), the UE listens to the downlink (DL) packets following a specified pattern determined by the base-station (BS). In idle DRX (IDRX) mode, the UE listens to the page from the BS to determine if it needs to reenter the network and acquire the uplink (UL) timing. 
         [0005]    C-DRX was introduced by 3GPP standards in order to keep more UEs in a connected state with good battery savings. The UE and the network (NW) enter in to the C-DRX depending on data inactivity (e.g., based on the last time a packet was sent/received). However this does not take into account the radio conditions and the resulting RF propagation delay and processing delay, etc. One important thing to note here is that there is no explicit signaling between UE and NW on when to enter/exit C-DRX mode at the time of occurrence. 
         [0006]    A possible scenario where the UE may be penalized by staying in C-DRX is when a high priority message (e.g., a measurement report to trigger a handover (HO)) is sent to the NW and the round trip time (RTT) for this packet is greater than the C-DRX entry interval. In such cases the UE will go in to a C-DRX mode (will not listen on DL for a finite time). This in-turn results in a delay in getting a Handover command from NW. Sometimes, this can also lead to a call drop if the cell is degrading fast. Also, this scenario of RTT being greater than the C-DRX entry interval is very likely to occur for handover scenarios since the HO thresholds are configured so that measurement reports are triggered at poor radio frequency (RF) conditions on the serving cell. 
         [0007]    Therefore, improvements are desired in wireless communication systems. 
       SUMMARY OF THE EMBODIMENTS 
       [0008]    Various embodiments of a wireless user equipment device are disclosed. Broadly speaking, a device and method are contemplated in which a device may detect radio frequency conditions, determine the priority of a transmitted message in response to the detection of the radio frequency conditions, and in response to the priority of the transmitted message, activate a low power mode. 
         [0009]    In one embodiment, the user equipment device may measure the response time of the transmitted message, and activate the low power mode in response to the measured response time. The user equipment device may also perform a comparison between the measured response time and a pre-determined delay. 
         [0010]    In a non-limiting embodiment, the method may include the detection of radio frequency conditions by determining the number of radio link failures. The method may include activating a low power mode in response to the number of radio link failures. In some embodiments, the low power mode may be a connected mode discontinuous reception. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0011]    A better understanding of the present invention can be obtained when the following detailed description of the embodiments is considered in conjunction with the following drawings. 
           [0012]      FIG. 1  illustrates an embodiment of a wireless communication system. 
           [0013]      FIG. 2  illustrates an embodiment of a base station. 
           [0014]      FIG. 3  illustrates a block diagram of a user equipment device. 
           [0015]      FIG. 4  illustrates a block diagram of a base station. 
           [0016]      FIG. 5  illustrates a flowchart diagram depicting a method for operating a user equipment device. 
           [0017]      FIG. 6  illustrates a flowchart of a method for operating a user equipment device. 
           [0018]      FIG. 7  depicts a flowchart of a method for operating a user equipment device. 
           [0019]      FIG. 8  illustrates an embodiment of a method for operating a user equipment device. 
           [0020]      FIG. 9  illustrates a flowchart diagram of a method for operating a user equipment device. 
           [0021]      FIG. 10  illustrates a method for operating a user equipment device. 
           [0022]      FIG. 11  illustrates a flowchart depicting an embodiment of a method for operating a user equipment device. 
       
    
    
       [0023]    While the disclosure is susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiments thereof are shown by way of example in the drawings and will herein be described in detail. It should be understood, however, that the drawings and detailed description thereto are not intended to limit the disclosure to the particular form illustrated, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the present disclosure as defined by the appended claims. The headings used herein are for organizational purposes only and are not meant to be used to limit the scope of the description. As used throughout this application, the word “may” is used in a permissive sense (i.e., meaning having the potential to), rather than the mandatory sense (i.e., meaning must). Similarly, the words “include,” “including,” and “includes” mean including, but not limited to. 
         [0024]    Various units, circuits, or other components may be described as “configured to” perform a task or tasks. In such contexts, “configured to” is a broad recitation of structure generally meaning “having circuitry that” performs the task or tasks during operation. As such, the unit/circuit/component can be configured to perform the task even when the unit/circuit/component is not currently on. In general, the circuitry that forms the structure corresponding to “configured to” may include hardware circuits. Similarly, various units/circuits/components may be described as performing a task or tasks, for convenience in the description. Such descriptions should be interpreted as including the phrase “configured to.” Reciting a unit/circuit/component that is configured to perform one or more tasks is expressly intended not to invoke 35 U.S.C. §112, paragraph six interpretation for that unit/circuit/component. More generally, the recitation of any element is expressly intended not to invoke 35 U.S.C. §112, paragraph six interpretation for that element unless the language “means for” or “step for” is specifically recited. 
       DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS 
     Acronyms 
       [0025]    The following acronyms are used in the present patent application: 
         [0026]    LTE: Long Term Evolution 
         [0027]    UMTS: Universal Mobile Telecommunication System 
         [0028]    GSM: Global System for Mobile communications 
         [0029]    C-DRX: Connected mode Disconnected Reception 
         [0030]    UL: Uplink 
         [0031]    DL: Downlink 
       Terms 
       [0032]    The following is a glossary of terms used in the present application: 
         [0033]    Memory Medium—Any of various types of memory devices or storage devices. The term “memory medium” is intended to include an installation medium, e.g., a CD-ROM, floppy disks, or tape device; a computer system memory or random access memory such as DRAM, DDR RAM, SRAM, EDO RAM, Rambus RAM, etc.; a non-volatile memory such as a Flash, magnetic media, e.g., a hard drive, or optical storage; registers, or other similar types of memory elements, etc. The memory medium may comprise other types of memory as well or combinations thereof. In addition, the memory medium may be located in a first computer system in which the programs are executed, or may be located in a second different computer system which connects to the first computer over a network, such as the Internet. In the latter instance, the second computer system may provide program instructions to the first computer system for execution. The term “memory medium” may include two or more memory mediums which may reside in different locations, e.g., in different computer systems that are connected over a network. 
         [0034]    Programmable Hardware Element—includes various hardware devices comprising multiple programmable function blocks connected via a programmable interconnect. Examples include FPGAs (Field Programmable Gate Arrays), PLDs (Programmable Logic Devices), FPOAs (Field Programmable Object Arrays), and CPLDs (Complex PLDs). The programmable function blocks may range from fine grained (combinatorial logic or look up tables) to coarse grained (arithmetic logic units or processor cores). A programmable hardware element may also be referred to as “reconfigurable logic.” 
         [0035]    Computer System—any of various types of computing or processing systems, including a personal computer system (PC), mainframe computer system, workstation, network appliance, Internet appliance, personal digital assistant (PDA), television system, grid computing system, or other device or combinations of devices. In general, the term “computer system” can be broadly defined to encompass any device (or combination of devices) having at least one processor that executes instructions from a memory medium. 
         [0036]    User Equipment (UE) (or “UE Device”)—any of various types of computer systems devices which are mobile or portable and which performs wireless communications. Examples of UE devices include mobile telephones or smart phones (e.g., iPhone™, Android™-based phones), portable gaming devices (e.g., Nintendo DS™, PlayStation Portable™, Gameboy Advance™, iPhone™), laptops, PDAs, portable Internet devices, music players, data storage devices, or other handheld devices, etc. In general, the term “UE” or “UE device” can be broadly defined to encompass any electronic, computing, and/or telecommunications device (or combination of devices) which is easily transported by a user and capable of wireless communication. 
         [0037]    Base Station (BS)—The term “Base Station” has the full breadth of its ordinary meaning, and at least includes a wireless communication station installed at a fixed location and used to communicate as part of a wireless telephone system or radio system. 
         [0038]    Channel—a medium used to convey information from a sender (transmitter) to a receiver. It should be noted that since characteristics of the term “channel” may differ according to different wireless protocols, the term “channel” as used herein may be considered as being used in a manner that is consistent with the standard of the type of device with reference to which the term is used. In some standards, channel widths may be variable (e.g., depending on device capability, band conditions, etc.). For example, LTE may support scalable channel bandwidths from 1.4 MHz to 20 MHz. In contrast, WLAN channels may be 22 MHz wide while Bluetooth channels may be 1 Mhz wide. Other protocols and standards may include different definitions of channels. Furthermore, some standards may define and use multiple types of channels, e.g., different channels for uplink or downlink and/or different channels for different uses such as data, control information, etc. 
         [0039]    Processing Element—refers to various elements or combinations of elements. Processing elements include, for example, circuits such as an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit), portions or circuits of individual processor cores, entire processor cores, individual processors, programmable hardware devices such as a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and/or larger portions of systems that include multiple processors, as well as any combinations thereof. 
         [0040]    Automatically—refers to an action or operation performed by a computer system (e.g., software executed by the computer system) or device (e.g., circuitry, programmable hardware elements, ASICs, etc.), without user input directly specifying or performing the action or operation. Thus the term “automatically” is in contrast to an operation being manually performed or specified by the user, where the user provides input to directly perform the operation. An automatic procedure may be initiated by input provided by the user, but the subsequent actions that are performed “automatically” are not specified by the user, i.e., are not performed “manually,” where the user specifies each action to perform. For example, a user filling out an electronic form by selecting each field and providing input specifying information (e.g., by typing information, selecting check boxes, radio selections, etc.) is filling out the form manually, even though the computer system must update the form in response to the user actions. The form may be automatically filled out by the computer system where the computer system (e.g., software executing on the computer system) analyzes the fields of the form and fills in the form without any user input specifying the answers to the fields. As indicated above, the user may invoke the automatic filling of the form, but is not involved in the actual filling of the form (e.g., the user is not manually specifying answers to fields but rather they are being automatically completed). The present specification provides various examples of operations being automatically performed in response to actions the user has taken. 
         [0041]      FIG. 1  illustrates an embodiment of a wireless communication system. It is noted that the system of  FIG. 1  is merely one example of a possible system, and embodiments of the disclosure may be implemented in any of various systems, as desired. 
         [0042]    The illustrated embodiment includes a base station  102  which communicates over a transmission medium with one or more User Equipment (UE) (or “UE devices”)  106 A through  106 N. 
         [0043]    The base station  102  may be a base transceiver station (BTS) or cell site, and may include hardware that enables wireless communication with the UEs  106 A through  106 N. The base station  102  may also be equipped to communicate with a network  100 . Thus, the base station  102  may facilitate communication between the UEs and/or between the UEs and the network  100 . The communication area (or coverage area) of the base station may be referred to as a “cell.” The base station  102  and the UEs may be configured to communicate over the transmission medium using any of various wireless communication technologies such as LTE, UMTS, GSM, CDMA, WLL, WAN, WiFi, WiMAX, etc. 
         [0044]      FIG. 2  illustrates UE  106  (e.g., one of the devices  106 A through  106 N) in communication with the base station  102 . The UE  106  may be a device with wireless network connectivity such as a mobile phone, a hand-held device, a computer or a tablet, or virtually any type of wireless device. The UE  106  may include a processor that is configured to execute program instructions stored in memory. The UE may perform any of the embodiments described herein by executing such stored instructions. In some embodiments, the UE may include a programmable hardware element such as an FPGA (field-programmable gate array) that is configured to perform any of the method embodiments described herein, or any portion of any of the method embodiments described herein. 
         [0045]    In some embodiments, the UE  106  may be configured to recover uplink synchronization with the network  100  after a timing alignment failure, for example as further described subsequently herein. 
         [0046]      FIG. 3  illustrates a block diagram of an embodiment of user equipment. As shown, the UE  106  may include a system on chip (SOC)  200 , which may include portions for various purposes. For example, as shown, the SOC  200  may include processor(s)  202  which may execute program instructions for the UE  106  and display circuitry  204  which may perform graphics processing and provide display signals to the display  240 . The processor(s)  202  may also be coupled to memory management unit (MMU)  240 , which may be configured to receive addresses from the processor(s)  202  and translate those addresses to locations in memory (e.g., memory  206 , read only memory (ROM)  250 , NAND flash memory  210 ) and/or to other circuits or devices, such as the display circuitry  204 , radio  230 , connector I/F  220 , and/or display  240 . The MMU  240  may be configured to perform memory protection and page table translation or set up. In some embodiments, the MMU  240  may be included as a portion of the processor(s)  202 . 
         [0047]    As also shown, the SOC  200  may be coupled to various other circuits of the UE  106 . For example, the UE  106  may include various types of memory (e.g., including NAND flash  210 ), a connector interface  220  (e.g., for coupling to the computer system), the display  240 , and wireless communication circuitry  230  (e.g., for LTE, Bluetooth, WiFi, etc.) which may use antenna  235  to perform the wireless communication. Some or all of the hardware and/or software components of the UE  106  may be configured for detecting radio frequency conditions and radio link failures. 
         [0048]      FIG. 4  illustrates a block diagram of an embodiment of a base station. It is noted that the base station of  FIG. 4  is merely one example of a possible base station. As shown, the base station  102  may include processor(s)  304  which may execute program instructions for the base station  102 . The processor(s)  102  may also be coupled to memory management unit (MMU)  340 , which may be configured to receive addresses from the processor(s)  102  and translate those addresses to locations in memory (e.g., memory  360  and read only memory (ROM)  350 ) or to other circuits or devices. 
         [0049]    The base station  102  may include at least one network port  370 . The network port  370  may be configured to couple to a telephone network and provide a plurality of devices, such as UE devices  106 , access to the telephone network as described above in  FIGS. 1A and 1B . 
         [0050]    The network port  370  (or an additional network port) may also or alternatively be configured to couple to a cellular network, e.g., a core network of a cellular service provider. The core network may provide mobility related services and/or other services to a plurality of devices, such as UE devices  106 . In some cases, the network port  370  may couple to a telephone network via the core network, and/or the core network may provide a telephone network (e.g., among other UE devices serviced by the cellular service provider). 
         [0051]    The base station  102  may include at least one antenna  334 . The at least one antenna  334  may be configured to operate as a wireless transceiver and may be further configured to communicate with UE devices  106  via radio  330 . The antenna  334  communicates with the radio  330  via communication chain  332 . Communication chain  332  may be a receive chain, a transmit chain or both. The radio  330  may be configured to communicate via various wireless telecommunication standards, including, but not limited to, LTE, CDMA, etc. 
         [0052]    The processor  304  of the base station  102  may be configured to implement part or all of the methods described herein, e.g., by executing program instructions stored on a memory medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer-readable memory medium). Alternatively, the processor  304  may be configured as a programmable hardware element, such as an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), or as an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit), or a combination thereof. 
         [0053]    Turning to  FIG. 5  a flow chart depicting an example method operating a UE is illustrated. The method begins in block  501  with the UE automatically determining the conditions of RF signal it is currently receiving. The determination may be made counting the number of received data packets, or in some embodiments, the UE may measure the RTT of a message and compare the measured RTT against a pre-determined threshold value. The operation then depends on the state of the RF conditions (block  502 ). When the RF conditions are not bad, the UE continues to check to the RF conditions (block  501 ). 
         [0054]    When the RF conditions are bad, such as when the UE is moving away from a BS, the priority of outgoing messages may be examined (block  503 ). In some embodiments, messages such as a measurement report are of higher priority to the proper operation of the UE in the network than other messages such as, e.g., data packets. The method then depends on the determined priority of the message (block  504 ). When a message that does not have high priority is detected, the UE may enter C-DRX mode (block  508 ). 
         [0055]    When a high priority message is detected, the UE may then waits for a response to the message (block  505 ). The operation then depends on the whether or not a response is received. When a response is not received, the UE may enter C-DRX mode (block  508 ) and the method concludes. When a response is received, the method then depends on value of the current delay in receiving a response (block  506 ). When the current delay is less than or equal to a threshold value, the UE may continue to monitor the response time for high priority messages (block  505 ). When the current delay is greater than the threshold value, the UE does not enter C-DRX mode (block  507 ). In some embodiments, the threshold value may be dependent upon the specified DRX start period as defined in the 3GPP standards. In other embodiments, a weight factor may be applied to the specified DRX start period to determine the threshold value. 
         [0056]    It is noted that the operations illustrated in the method depicted in  FIG. 5  are shown as being executed sequentially. In other embodiments, some or all of the illustrated operations may be performed in parallel or in a different order than what is depicted in  FIG. 5 . 
         [0057]    An alternative embodiment of a method of operating a UE connected to a network is illustrated in  FIG. 6 . The method begins, as described in more detail above in reference to  FIG. 5 , with the UE detecting the RF conditions (block  601 ). The operation then depends on the detected RF conditions (block  602 ). When the RF conditions are acceptable, the UE continues to detect the RF conditions (block  601 ). 
         [0058]    When the RF conditions are not good, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the signal being received by the UE is checked against a pre-determined threshold (block  603 ). When the SNR is greater than the pre-determined threshold, the UE enters C-DRX mode (block  606 ). When the SNR is less than or equal to the pre-determined threshold, the reference signal received power (RSRP) is checked against another pre-determined threshold (block  604 ). When the RSRP is greater than the pre-determined threshold, the UE enters C-DRX mode (block  606 ). When the RSRP is less than or equal to the pre-determined threshold, the UE does not enter C-DRX mode (block  605 ). In some embodiments, the pre-determined threshold values for the SNR and RSRP checks may be dependent upon a characterization of the network. 
         [0059]    It is noted that the flowchart illustrated in  FIG. 6  is merely an example. In other embodiments, different operations and different order of operations are possible and contemplated. 
         [0060]    Turning to  FIG. 7 , an embodiment of a method for operating a UE connected to a network is illustrated. The method begins with the UE checking current RF conditions as described in more detail in reference to  FIG. 5  (block  701 ). The method then depends on the results of the check of RF conditions (block  702 ). When the RF conditions are acceptable, the UE continues to check the conditions (block  701 ). 
         [0061]    When the RF conditions are not good, the UE may then check the number of measurement reports (block  703 ). In some embodiments, a measurement report may include intra-frequency measurement results, inter-frequency measurement results, and the like. The method then depends on the number of measurement reports (block  704 ). 
         [0062]    When the number of measurement reports is greater than a pre-determined threshold value, the UE may enter C-DRX mode (block  706 ). When the number of measurement reports is less than or equal to the pre-determined threshold, the UE may not enter C-DRX mode (block  705 ). It is noted that in method of operating a UE illustrated in  FIG. 7  is merely an example. In other embodiments, additional operations may be employed, and the execution order of the various operations may be different. 
         [0063]    Another embodiment of a method of operating a UE connected to a network is illustrated in  FIG. 8 . As described above in more detail with reference to  FIG. 5 , the method begins with the UE detecting its current RF conditions (block  801 ). The operation is then dependent on the result of the RF condition check (block  802 ). When the RF conditions are not bad, the RF condition check continues (block  801 ). 
         [0064]    When the RF conditions are poor, the UE checks the status of the radio link failure (RLF) counter (block  803 ). The operation is then dependent upon the result of the value currently stored in the RLF counter (block  804 ). When the value currently stored in the RLF counter is greater than a pre-determined threshold value, the UE enters C-DRX mode (block  806 ). 
         [0065]    When the currently stored value in the RLF counter is less than or equal to the pre-determined threshold, the UE does not enter C-DRX mode (block  805 ). In some embodiments, the value stored in the RLF counter may be incremented dependent upon successive receipt of “out of sync” messages. 
         [0066]    The method illustrated in  FIG. 8  is merely an example. In other embodiments, additional operations, and different order or operations may be possible. 
         [0067]    Turning to  FIG. 9 , an embodiment of a method of operating a UE connected to a network is illustrated. In block  901 , the UE determines the current RF conditions as described in more detail above in reference to  FIG. 5 . The operation then depends on the determined RF conditions (block  902 ). When the current RF conditions are acceptable, the monitoring of RF conditions continues (block  901 ). 
         [0068]    When the current RF conditions are poor, the mobility state is determined (block  903 ). In some embodiments, the mobility states may include states such as, e.g., detached, idle, or active, while in other embodiments, the mobility state may include a measure of how quickly the RF conditions are degrading. The operation then depends on the determined mobility state (block  904 ). 
         [0069]    When the mobility state is determined to not be high, the UE may enter C-DRX mode (block  906 ). When the mobility state is determined to be high, the UE may not enter C-DRX mode (block  905 ). It is noted that in the method illustrated in  FIG. 9 , the operations are depicted as occurring in a sequential fashion. In other embodiments, some or all of the operations may occur in parallel or in a different order than illustrated in  FIG. 9 . 
         [0070]    An alternative embodiment of a method of operating a UE connected to a network is illustrated in  FIG. 10 . In the illustrated embodiment, the method begins with the UE checking current RF conditions as described above in more detail in reference to  FIG. 5  (block  1001 ). The method then depends on the determined RF conditions (block  102 ). When the RF conditions are acceptable, the UE continues to check the current RF conditions (block  1001 ). 
         [0071]    When the current RF conditions are degrading, the signal strength to nearby base stations may be checked (block  1003 ). In some embodiments, the RSRP of a base station may be compared against a pre-determined threshold value to determine signal strength. The method is then dependent on the number of base stations with signal strength above a pre-determined threshold (block  1004 ). When at least one base station has a signal strength above the pre-determined threshold value, then the UE enters C-DRX mode (block  1006 ). When no nearby base stations have a signal strength above the pre-determined threshold value, the UE does not enter C-DRX mode (block  1005 ). 
         [0072]    It is noted that the method illustrated in  FIG. 10  is merely an example. In other embodiments, different operations may be included in the method, and other operations may be omitted. 
         [0073]    Turning to  FIG. 11 , an embodiment of a method for operating a UE connected to a network is illustrated. As described above in more detail in reference to  FIG. 5 , the operation begins with the UE checking current RF conditions (block  1101 ). The method is then dependent upon the result of the RF condition check (block  1102 ). When the RF conditions are acceptable, the UE continues to check the RF conditions (block  1101 ). 
         [0074]    The method then depends on whether or not measurement gaps have been enabled (block  1103 ). In some embodiments, measurement gaps may be enabled to provide a period of time when the UE is not sending or receiving data from the network in order to allow it a period of time to try alternative channels or frequencies searching for a better connection to the network. 
         [0075]    When measurement gaps are not enabled, the UE enters C-DRX mode (block  1105 ). When measurement gaps are enabled, the UE may not enter C-DRX mode (block  1104 ). It is noted that the method illustrated in  FIG. 11  is merely an example. In other embodiments, different operations and different orders of operations are possible and contemplated. 
         [0076]    Although the embodiments above have been described in considerable detail, numerous variations and modifications will become apparent to those skilled in the art once the above disclosure is fully appreciated. It is intended that the following claims be interpreted to embrace all such variations and modifications. 
         [0077]    Embodiments of the present disclosure may be realized in any of various forms. For example some embodiments may be realized as a computer-implemented method, a computer-readable memory medium, or a computer system. Other embodiments may be realized using one or more custom-designed hardware devices such as ASICs. Still other embodiments may be realized using one or more programmable hardware elements such as FPGAs. 
         [0078]    In some embodiments, a non-transitory computer-readable memory medium may be configured so that it stores program instructions and/or data, where the program instructions, if executed by a computer system, cause the computer system to perform a method, e.g., any of a method embodiments described herein, or, any combination of the method embodiments described herein, or, any subset of any of the method embodiments described herein, or, any combination of such subsets. 
         [0079]    In some embodiments, a device (e.g., a UE  106 ) may be configured to include a processor (or a set of processors) and a memory medium, where the memory medium stores program instructions, where the processor is configured to read and execute the program instructions from the memory medium, where the program instructions are executable to implement any of the various method embodiments described herein (or, any combination of the method embodiments described herein, or, any subset of any of the method embodiments described herein, or, any combination of such subsets). The device may be realized in any of various forms. 
         [0080]    Numerous variations and modifications will become apparent to those skilled in the art once the above disclosure is fully appreciated. It is intended that the following claims be interpreted to embrace all such variations and modifications.