Abstract:
A battery ( 102 ) powers a wireless telephone&#39;s power amplifier ( 106 ) through a Switch Mode Power Supply (SMPS) ( 104 ). The SMPS has a capacity lower than the maximum power requirements of the amplifier. When a controller ( 116 ) senses that an amplifier power-requirement threshold has been exceeded, it closes a switch ( 114 ) parallel to the SMPS, allowing power to flow from the battery to the amplifier without passing through the SMPS. This architecture allows the use of a smaller SMPS, and eliminates SMPS-generated noise to the amplifier when the amplifier is least able to tolerate such noise, namely, under high power conditions.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0001]    1. Technical Field  
           [0002]    This invention relates to power supplies and has particular relation to power supplies which can supply power efficiently at light loads and low voltages and with low noise at heavy loads.  
           [0003]    2. Background Art  
           [0004]    Transceivers, especially for wireless telephones, have a number of requirements. The telephone is usually battery powered, which means that the power supply must be efficient in order to extend battery life between recharges. The telephone is usually portable, which means that it (and therefore its power supply) must be both compact and light. Finally, the (mobile) telephone is in communication with a (fixed) base station, which means that the distance between the telephone and the base station will vary widely. This in turn means that the power required for sending and receiving signals will also vary widely.  
           [0005]    The Switch Mode Power Supply (SMPS) is a DC-to-DC power supply. The SMPS design makes it very efficient, and thus makes it widely used in wireless telephones and other battery-powered electronic devices. As the name implies, it rapidly switches a DC voltage on and off, but with a well-controlled duty cycle, thus allowing the output voltage to be similarly well controlled. This good control extends over a broad range of battery conditions and an even broader range of power demands. The size of the SMPS is generally selected to be as small (compact, light, and cheap) as possible while still assuring that the maximum designed power requirements of the telephone (or other load) will be met.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0006]    Applicant has noted a design opportunity which has been overlooked by the prior art: when a load has a requirement for varying amounts of power, a low voltage is beneficial during low power conditions, and low noise is required during high power conditions.  
           [0007]    When the power supply load power requirement is low a low voltage is beneficial if, for instance, the current drawn by the load is largely insensitive to the applied voltage. This is true when the load is a typical radio frequency power amplifier in a wireless telephone. In this case a lower voltage reduces the power drawn from the battery.  
           [0008]    Using again the example of a mobile telephone power amplifier, it is important that the power supply has low noise and high voltage when the amplifier presents a heavy load. In this case the transmitted power is high, and (in advanced systems, such as cdmaOne or cdma2000), the received power is low. When the received power is low it is vital that the power supply does not introduce excessive noise into the system that could mask the received signal. The high voltage allows the high transmitted power to be more easily generated.  
           [0009]    To achieve these joint goals (low noise and high voltage at high power and low voltage at low power) the applicant employs a SMPS at low power and bypasses the SMPS at high power. This has a number of advantages. Since, for high power demands, power flows from the battery to the power amplifier without passing through the SMPS, no noise from the SMPS is introduced into the power amplifier. Because the SMPS does not have to handle this top portion of the load&#39;s power requirements, it can be made more compact, lighter, and cheaper. Because it is smaller, the SMPS consumes lower power itself, even when it is switched into the circuit—and, of course, consumes no power at all when it is switched out of the circuit. Most importantly, power consumption by the power amplifier is reduced. When the transition between the SMPS and bypass is properly arranged the power amplifier can spend the majority of time operating from an economical low voltage. This is especially true when operating within a system with advanced power control, such as cdmaOne or cdma2000. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0010]    [0010]FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an apparatus embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0011]    [0011]FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a method embodiment of the present invention. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
       [0012]    [0012]FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an apparatus embodiment  100  of the present invention.  
         [0013]    In the prior art, current would flow from a battery  102  to a Switch Mode Power Supply (SMPS)  104 , then to a transceiver power amplifier  106 , and then back to the battery. The power amplifier would take signals from a transmit signal processor  108 , amplify them, apply the amplified signals to an interface  110 , and transmit them via an antenna  112 .  
         [0014]    For a given output power from the power amplifier  106  to the interface  110 , the power amplifier draws essentially a constant current from the battery  102  for a range of applied voltages. This is true as long as the applied voltage (from the SMPS  104  or otherwise) allows the given output power to be reached. Thus, for high output power it is desirable to power the amplifier  106  from the battery, without going through the SMPS  104 , so that the amplifier will have the maximum available voltage. For lower requirements of output power from the amplifier  106 , the voltage applied to the amplifier  106  can be reduced. Since the current into the amplifier  106  is approximately the same, and the SMPS is efficient, the current from the battery is reduced and there is a power consumption benefit.  
         [0015]    [0015]FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the invention in which a switch  114  has been added in parallel to the SMPS  104 , and the SMPS  104  is made with a capacity which is lower than the maximum power requirement for the power amplifier  106 . A controller  116  senses what the power requirement is for the power amplifier. This sensing can come from the SMPS  104 , the switch  114 , or any other component shown in FIG. 1, or may come from an externally supplied command. Often the base station with which a wireless telephone is in contact controls the telephone&#39;s power setting. This is particularly true in Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) wireless telephones.  
         [0016]    When that power requirement exceeds some pre-determined threshold, the controller  116  closes the switch  114 . This in turn allows current (and power) to flow from the battery  102  to the power amplifier  106  without passing through the SMPS  104 . When the power requirement falls back below the threshold, the controller  116  re-opens the switch  114 . Using a first threshold when power requirements are increasing, and a second (and lower) threshold when power requirements are decreasing, will introduce desirable hysteresis. This prevents the switch  114  from repeatedly opening and re-closing when power requirements hover near the threshold, which would undesirably inject noise into the system.  
         [0017]    Hysteresis may also be introduced by inserting a timer  118  into the controller  116 , so that the switch  114  does not close until a predetermined period of time has elapsed since the switch was last opened, or so that the switch  114  does not open until a predetermined period of time has elapsed since the switch was last closed, or both. This timer-provided hysteresis may be introduced instead of, or in addition to, the threshold-provided hysteresis described above.  
         [0018]    When the parallel switch  114  is closed, the typical SMPS  104  senses the reduction in voltage drop and stops operating. If the SMPS  104  is not typical, it may be removed from the circuit by opening one or more series switches (not shown).  
         [0019]    When the switch  114  is closed, the power amplifier  106  can no longer rely on a particular voltage level being supplied to it. The power amplifier  106  must therefore be structured to tolerate varying voltage levels during high power conditions. Designing such a structure is well within the ordinary skill in the art, especially since such tolerance is not required during medium and low power conditions.  
         [0020]    If the capacity of the SMPS  104  can be tailored to the requirements of the system, then the threshold is typically selected to be equal to this capacity. Both of these two parameters are generally set to minimize the average power consumption, under both high-power and low-power conditions, of the power amplifier  106 . Such minimization often results in, or at least approximates, an overall minimum in average power consumption of the entire telephone. Sometime the desired figure of merit includes other factors (cost, bulk, weight, etc.) which are more important than power amplifier power consumption in the application at hand. In such situations, these two parameters should be adjusted accordingly. Routine software simulations can be used to calculate the capacity and threshold (or thresholds, if hysteresis is used).  
         [0021]    Sometimes an SMPS  104  of exactly the right size is not available, and the next larger size must be used. In this case, the threshold can be set either at the capacity of the SMPS  104  or at any convenient lower level. As before, the actual level selected is usually the level which is required to minimize power consumption by the power amplifier  106 , although (also as before) other figures of merit may apply in the application at hand.  
         [0022]    [0022]FIG. 1 shows the controller  116  as being distinct from the SMPS  104 , power amplifier  106 , or switch  114 . It is often convenient to build the controller as a separate component. In other situations, the controller is a part of the SMPS, power amplifier, or switch, and is separate only in concept.  
         [0023]    [0023]FIG. 1 shows the SMPS  104  driving a power amplifier  106 . However, the power amplifier  106  may be replaced with any load having a requirement for varying amounts of power, the power having low noise during high power conditions. Likewise, the switch  114  may be replaced with any convenient means for applying power from the battery  102  to the load  106  without passing through the SMPS  104 . Indeed, the battery  102  may itself be replaced with any power source which has sufficiently low noise under high power conditions, and which has an unregulated voltage (under high power conditions) which can be tolerated by the load  106 .  
         [0024]    [0024]FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a method embodiment  200  of the present invention. Under ordinary circumstances, the SMPS is powered  202 . If the power required by the load exceeds the threshold  204 , then a controller is actuated  206 , which closes a switch  208  to take the SMPS out of the circuit, and the load is powered  210  without the SMPS. If the power required by the load does not exceed the threshold  204 , then powering of the load  210  continues with the SMPS in the circuit. Separate thresholds are, as noted above, often desirable in introducing hysteresis.  
       INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION  
       [0025]    This invention is capable of exploitation in industry, and can be made and used, whenever is it desired to economically power a load with a switch mode power supply.  
         [0026]    While various modes of apparatus and method have been described, the true spirit and scope of the invention are not limited thereto, but are limited only by the following claims and their equivalents, and such are claimed as the invention.