Abstract:
An emergency braking system employing viscous or adhesive substances is disclosed for use with a vehicle operated on a road surface. The braking system produces at the rear wheels of a moving vehicle a molten substance that will effectively increase the coefficient of friction at the interface of tire and road. A coolant may also be supplied to cool the molten substance and further increase the coefficient of friction.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention relates to the field of braking systems and, in particular, to emergency braking systems. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Vehicular accidents each year result in a tremendous number of casualties and injuries. In addition to the deaths and disabilities that result, the financial costs that result from these accidents can be quite high. The main cause for these losses is human failing. Human errors in areas such as reaction time and perception fail to prevent potentially avoidable accidents. Computers and automated sensors can be used to decrease these reaction and decision times. 
     Accidents could be prevented with an improvement in the braking system. Traditional vehicular braking systems, whether drum or disc brakes are used, ultimately depend on the interface between the tire and the road. The friction created in this interface is relied upon to stop the vehicle. On wet or icy surfaces, or even on surfaces with loose sand or gravel, the friction force is often inadequate to stop a vehicle in time to avoid a collision, as the vehicle may travel hundreds of feet before stopping. 
     Potential accidents can frequently be avoided by a decrease in the stopping distance. Supplemental braking systems can be used to assist in stopping a vehicle in a shorter distance. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,317,507 issued to the present inventor provides an emergency braking system employing an anchor device. The anchor adheres to the road surface and assists and stopping the vehicle in a shorter distance. 
     The above method would enable a vehicle to decrease its stopping distance and avoid potential collisions. However, it does not address the interface between the road surface and the tire. 
     The use of adhesives, denoting gummy, gooey, viscous, sticky, and other such substances, affect the interface between the road surface and the tire. For example, in drag racing, particularly with the gigantic rear wheeled “funny cars,” an “adhesive” build up occurs when the car spins its wheels against the road prior to acceleration. The present invention is not directed to the physical process utilized in drag racing acceleration or in the subsequent use of the adhesive still on the racing car wheels to supplement the drag chute deceleration. The present invention addresses a need for a supplemental emergency braking system, and causes an adhesive substance to occur at the rear tire interface with the road and initiating and controlling such occurrence to advantage in order to reduce the car&#39;s velocity in an emergency situation. 
     What is needed therefore, is an emergency braking system that can act supplemental to a vehicles normal braking system, and that can be triggered in a timely manner. Also, a system is needed that can increase the friction force in between a road surface and a tire. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention presents a supplemental emergency braking system. An automated sensor can be included to detect potential collisions and the human operator&#39;s failure to respond in a timely manner. The sensor can trigger the braking system automatically, thus overcoming human failings in reaction time and perception. 
     The braking system is designed to increase the friction force between the road and the tire. Upon being triggered, an adhesive is deployed onto the road in front of the rear tires, increasing the coefficient of friction on the surface. As the tires come into contact with the adhesive, the vehicle is slowed, decreasing the stopping distance needed to avoid a potential collision. 
     A variety of adhesives may be used, as well as a variety of deployment systems. A jet rocket may be used to ablate a solid adhesive and spray it onto the road surface. As the ablated adhesive cools on the road, it catches the tires of the vehicle. A cooling jet may also be included to assist in cooling the adhesive after it is deployed to ensure it can grip the tires. 
     Alternately, glue modules may be forced down onto the road, coating the surface with an adhesive as the modules burst. The modules comprise a matrix that is rubbed onto the road, pushed onto the road mechanically or thrust onto the road with a piston. These modules may also be applied directly to the tires rather than the road surface. 
     Therefore, it is an aspect of this invention to provide a supplemental emergency braking system. 
     It is another aspect of the invention to increase the friction force between the road surface and the tires of a vehicle in emergency braking situations. 
     It is a further aspect of the invention to employ an adhesive to assist in stopping a vehicle in a timely manner. 
     It is a further aspect of the invention to deploy the emergency braking system in a timely manner to avoid potential collisions. 
     These aspects of the invention are not mean to be exclusive and other features, aspects, and advantages of the present invention will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art when read in conjunction with the appended claims and accompanying drawings. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of an embodiment of the invention using jets to deploy adhesive. 
     FIG. 2 is a cross sectional view of a portion of the braking system shown in FIG. 1 showing an embodiment of a deployment system used in the invention including a rocket jet. 
     FIG. 3 is a side view of another embodiment of a deployment system used in the invention including a cooling jet. 
     FIG. 4 is a schematic side view of an embodiment of the invention using a matrix of adhesive modules. 
     FIG. 5 is a cross sectional view of a deployment system used to distribute modules of adhesive. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     FIG. 1 is a schematic view of one embodiment of the invention, emergency braking system  6  in vehicle  8 . Sensor  10  can detect an imminent collision or accident. Sensor  10  is shown here located in the front of the vehicle. In practice, several sensors (not shown) may be included to detect potential accidents in all directions. These sensors may be of any type, such as infrared or sonic radar, that are well known in the art. 
     Once sensor  10  has detected a potential collision, a message is sent to electrical control system  12  via wires  14 . Control system  12  evaluates the response time of any human operator of vehicle  8 . If control system  12  recognizes the response time will not allow sufficient distance to stop vehicle  8 , emergency braking system  6  will be deployed automatically. The system may also be deployed manually by a switch or control on the vehicle&#39;s dash (not shown). 
     Emergency braking system  6  is preferably used with a computing system (not shown) that is anticipatory, meaning a system that can detect potential collisions and evaluate the necessary reaction. The computing system includes sensor  10  and control system  12 . In the event that only two vehicles are involved in a collision, the computing system will deploy an adhesive when necessary to stop vehicle  8 , but not earlier than necessary. In the event that more than two vehicles are involved, the computing system will deploy the adhesive at that point in event time that will minimize damage to vehicle  8 , even if the collision occurs prior to zero velocity of vehicle  8 . 
     Anticipatory computing systems are known in the art, and are included in the preferred embodiment of the present invention to alleviate potential dangers caused by human operator error. An example of anticipatory computing systems is the PHALANX Close-In Weapons System used in the U.S. Navy, which has been in production since at least 1978. The PHALANX system is capable of autonomously performing search, detect, evaluation, track, and deployment functions. 
     When emergency braking system  6  is deployed, an adhesive is sprayed at high velocity onto road surface  16 . The high velocity causes the adhesive to spread out on the road surface. The adhesive is sprayed in front of rear tires  18 , creating a tacky interface between the tires and the road. This tacky interface increases the coefficient of friction on the road surface. The effective coefficient of friction in the case of introduced adhesives allows for decelerating forces above  1 G, enabling vehicle  8  to stop in shorter distances. The adhesive used may be of any sort sufficient to increase the coefficient of friction on the road. Suitable substances include rosin, meltable elastomers, tar, and similar substances. A substance such as butyl rubber caulking, which remains sticky in the presence of water, might also be used. 
     Ideally, deployment of the adhesive in emergency braking system  6  will result in zero velocity of vehicle  8 , but this cannot always be achieved. However, any reduction of velocity for vehicle  8  can be vital in preventing damage from a collision. The kinetic energy of a vehicle varies as the square of the velocity. Therefore, if vehicle  8  has velocity cut by one half, the kinetic energy will be cut to one fourth, allowing internal restraints and other protective measures to be more effective. 
     Control system  12  triggers rocket jet  20  via wires  22 . As shown in FIG. 2, jet  20  is located on undercarriage  25  of the vehicle. Adhesive  24  may be in solid form located inside jet  20 . When jet  20  is triggered, it ablates adhesive  24  into a molten liquid. The liquid is then sprayed onto the road surface via nozzle  26 . The molten liquid is cooled by the road surface, forming the tacky interface needed to increase the coefficient of friction on the road surface. 
     A cooling jet or spray may also be included in emergency braking system  6 . If the molten adhesive is not sufficiently cooled by the road surface, control system  12  can also trigger spray  28 . Spray  28  is also located on the undercarriage of vehicle  8 , and before rear tires  18 . The spray cools the adhesive into a tacky interface before wheels  18  reach the adhesive. Carbon Dioxide can be used as the cooling spray. 
     FIG. 3 demonstrates how spray  28  operates in relation to jet  20 . Jet  20  ablates and sprays adhesive  24  as molten liquid  30  onto road surface  16 . This creates tacky interface on the road. If the adhesive  32 , located on the road is not cool enough to create a sufficiently tacky interface by the time wheels  18  reach it, cooling spray  28  may spray coolant  34  onto adhesive  32  to assist in he cooling process. Thus, by the time wheels  18  reach adhesive  32  on road surface  16 , the interface is sufficiently tacky to grip the wheels and help brake the vehicle. 
     FIG. 4 illustrates an alternative embodiment of emergency braking system  6  in vehicle  8 . Sensor  10  again detects potential collisions or accidents. As before, multiple sensors can be employed to detect collisions from all angles. A message is sent to control system  12  via wires  14 . If control system  12  evaluates the human operator&#39;s reaction time to be insufficient to prevent the collision, a message is sent to container  36 . 
     As shown in FIG. 5, container  36  is located in undercarriage  25  of the vehicle. Container  36  contains a matrix of modules  38 . These modules are filled with an adhesive such as glue or the like. Upon receiving a message from control system  12 , the matrix is released through opening  40 . The module may be forced through tube  41  to the ground by a piston or air pressure or dragged along the ground by a lever arm (not shown). Tube  41  may be arranged to direct the modules to the ground or to the rear tires of vehicle  8 . As matrix of modules  38  is forced and rubbed on road surface  16 , friction causes the modules to burst. 
     Once modules  38  burst the adhesive they contain coats the road surface. The adhesive creates a tacky interface between the road and the tires, increasing the coefficent of friction and allowing vehicle  8  to stop in a shorter distance. 
     In one embodiment, container  36  includes cylinder  42 , as shown in FIG.  4 . The cylinder may comprise a piston, so that the invention functions as described above. Alternately, cylinder  42  can force matrix of modules  38  to rear wheels  18 . This applies the adhesive directly to the tires rather than to road surface  16 . The effect is still to create a tacky interface between the tires and the road surface, enabling the vehicle to stop in less distance and in a shorter time. Matrix of modules  38  may also be applied to rear wheels  18  in the form of a brake shoe (not shown). 
     Although the present invention has been described with reference to certain preferred embodiments thereof, other versions are readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. Therefore, the spirit and scope of the appended claims should not be limited to the description of the preferred embodiments contained herein.