Abstract:
The present invention relates to the network architecture and billing method of the packet switch data service of the CDMA Intelligent Network (IN) user. Because the CDMA mobile switch uses the 3G1x packet switch data service, the billing of the service bypasses the MSC calling control layer, the billing can only be implemented by the PCF. In the PCF, there are only two billing methods: by amount of data method and the post service method. The non-real time post billing methods are not suitable for the IN prepaid users. Thus, the present invention illustrates new network architecture and billing method of the packet switch data service. The billing interface (PCF-SCP) is provided between the PCF and the SCP. The billing interface transfers at least three messages between the PCF and the SCP, to implement the real time or periodic billing for packet switch data service.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S)  
       [0001]     This application is based on the Chinese Patent Application No. 03151053.1 filed on Sep. 18, 2003, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference thereto in its entirety, and the priority of which is hereby claimed under 35 U.S.C. §119.  
       FIELD OF THE INVENTION  
       [0002]     The present invention relates to the CDMA 3G1x packet switch data service, in particular, this invention relates to the network architecture and billing method of the packet switch data service.  
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
       [0003]     The packet switch data service is a very important service of 3GPP2. The advanced functions, such as accessing the network in mobile environment, can be achieved for users. Because the data switch of the service does not go through the Mobile Switch Center (MSC) and the Service Control Point (SCP), its speed exceeds the limitation, 64k, of the conventional time-gap switch. In the data packet switch service, the data transmission bypasses the switch center. The Mobile Station (MS) exchanges the data with Packet Data Service Network (PDSN) directly through the Base Station Center (BSC) and the Packet Control Function (PCF). The MSC and SCP only authorize the user, i.e. the MSC and SCP only check whether the user is allowed to use the data service and whether the balance in the account is enough for continuing the calling function. However, the data stream of data service goes through the path, MS&lt;-&gt;BSC&lt;-&gt;PCF&lt;-&gt;PDSN.  
         [0004]     After CDMA mobile switch uses the 3G1x packet switch data service, the billing of the service bypasses the MSC calling control layer, therefore, billing can only be implemented by the PCF. In the PCF, there are currently two billing methods, by amount of data and post service. None of them are real time billing methods. They might be suitable for the normal CDMA users, but not suitable for the IN prepaid users. Because the balance on the account of the IN prepaid users are stored on the SCP, the PCF cannot charge the users in real time. Therefore, the current network architecture of the packet switch data service is not suitable for billing the prepaid user. Otherwise, it is very likely to cause deficits on the accounts, which will lead to loss for carriers and end users. However, IN service and data service are indeed the star services with competitive strength in the CDMA market, the difficulty of unifying the method of billing for the two services will block the development of CDMA data services.  
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
       [0005]     For resolving this issue, which is the IN pre-paid users cannot be charged real time when they use packet switch data service, the present invention presents a new network architecture and method of the packet switch data service. Then, the CDMA IN users (including the normal users and prepaid users) can use the packet switch data service with accurate billing.  
         [0006]     The present invention is implemented by the following elements: a CDMA IN user network architecture of packet switch data service and a billing interface. The network architecture comprises of a MSC and a SCP, which authorize users; a BSC, a PCF and a PDSN, through which the MS exchanges the data. The billing interface (PCF-SCP) is provided between the PCF and the SCP. Based on the protocol stack of application layer, the billing interface is defined. The PCF has the same protocol as that of the SCP for supporting the message transmission between each other and implementing the real time or periodic billing for packet switch data service.  
         [0007]     The billing interface includes at least three messages used in charging that are: the Connect message sent from the PCF to the SCP, the Connect Return Result message returned from SCP to PCF, and the Disconnect message sent from the PCF to the SCP.  
         [0008]     In the network architecture described above, the method using billing interface for billing the packet switch data service comprises the following steps: 
        a. after the successful connection of data service is ensured by the PCF, it should send Connect message to the SCP through the billing interface for formally notifying the SCP connect event;     b. the SCP returns the Connect Return Result message through the billing interface, and returns the integrative message with the balance, which can be used by the prepaid user, to the PCF; if it is not a prepaid IN user, the SCP does not send the balance to the PCF, but instead sends default value;     c. the PCF controls the calling by the balance information;     d. the connection is setup between MS and the packet switch data service network     e. the MS exchanges the data with the PDSN;     f. after the data service transmission ends, the release message is sent from the MS side;     g. the BSC notifies the MSC to release;     h. the BSC notifies the MSC to release;     i. the PCF sends the Disconnect message to the SCP through the billing interface, and then sends the information of the amount of money used and the reason for disconnection to the SCP, the SCP charges the user real time. If the user is not a prepaid IN user, the PCF sends the information of the amount of money used of the un-prepaid user and the reason for disconnection to the SCP, then, the SCP logs it and bills it in a predefined time span.        
 
         [0018]     Wherein, in the above step c, the PCF, which controls the calling by the balance information, further comprising: 
        I. the PCF monitors the balance in realtime, when the balance is not enough, the steps d-i will not be preformed, the PCF sends the release message to the BSC side directly;     II. the BSC notifies the MS to release;     III. the BSC notifies the MSC to release;     IV. the PCF sends Disconnect message to the SCP, and sends the information of the amount of money used and the reason for disconnection to the SCP together.        
 
         [0023]     The present invention presents a new billing interface (PCF-SCP), the definition of which makes the packet switch data network architecture more integrated for covering the more complex service requirements. The issue of the billing method of IN user is resolved by the interface, which can cause all CDMA users to support the packet switch service. It is the technical basis for higher market share of the data service. And, the setup of the interface makes a more integrated model of message flow and network architecture. The extended definition of the interface will cover the new services, which may be derived from the current services. 
     
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION ON THE DRAWINGS  
       [0024]     The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of the specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.  
         [0025]      FIG. 1  is the block diagram of the network architecture of the packet switch data service for the CDMA IN user;  
         [0026]      FIG. 2  is the model of the protocol stack of the PCF-SCP billing interface;  
         [0027]      FIG. 3  is the message definition flow of the PCF-SCP billing interface;  
         [0028]      FIG. 4  is the calling and billing flow of the packet switch data service for the CDMA IN users after the new interface is added;  
         [0029]      FIG. 5  is the flow of the PCF releasing the data service packet switch when the balance on the account is insufficiency. 
     
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
       [0030]     Hereinafter, the detailed descriptions will be illustrated by the preferred embodiments and the figures.  
         [0031]     As shown in  FIG. 1 , the network architecture of the packet switch data service for the CDMA IN user comprises: the MSC  11  and the SCP  12 , which authorize users; the BSC  13 , the PCF  14  and the PDSN  15 , through which the MS exchanges the data. The billing interface  16  (PCF-SCP) is provided between the PCF  14  and the SCP  12 .  
         [0032]     In the embodiment shown in  FIG. 2 , the billing interface  16  may be defined based on the MAP  21  (Mobile Application Part) as the protocol stack of the application layer. The application layer protocol is not the unique option. It can show a better feasibility of the interface. We can certainly use other kinds of application layer protocol, such as TCP/IP protocol or signaling system  7  and so on. The purpose of using the protocol stack is for maintaining the consistency with the protocol used by current CDMA network as much as possible. The PCF and the SCP have the same corresponding protocol stack, which can support the message transmission between each other to affect the sending and receiving of message.  
         [0033]     Further, as shown in  FIG. 2 , the protocol stacks of the PCF and SCP comprise Message Transfer Part (MTP) layer  24 , Signaling Connection Control Part (SCCP) layer  23 , and Transaction Capabilities Application Part (TCAP) layer  22 . For the PCF and the SCP, generally, the packing and unpacking only happen in the application layer.  
         [0034]     As shown in  FIG. 3 , the message flow in the billing interface  16  includes at least three messages that are used for charging. They are (1) the Connect message, which belongs to Query With Permission (Q+P) message type, sent from the PCF to the SCP, (2) the Connect Return Result message, which belongs to Response (RES) message type, returned from the SCP to the PCF and (3) the Disconnect message, which belongs to the Unidirectional (UNI) message type sent from the PCF to the SCP.  
         [0035]     The parameters are defined according to the protocol MAP, however, the definition is not unique. But please beware of conflicts between the new message and parameter definition and the existing extended standard. All message and parameter definition can be referred to the TIA/EIA-41-D standard, the definition of the messages and parameters in this embodiment are listed as follow.  
         [0036]     A: Message Definition  
         [0037]     1. The following table shows the new message: the definition of the parameter Connect  
                                                                       CONNECT INVOKE Parameters Timer: 15 s                                    Field   Value   Type   Reference                       Identifier   SET   M   100           Length   Variable Octers   M           Contents                Mobile Directory Number (MDN)   M   6.5.2.80                      
 
         [0038]     Explanation of Parameter:  
         [0039]     Mobile Directory Number (MDN): shows the user who will be charged  
         [0040]     2. The following table shows the new message: the definition of parameter Connect Return Result  
                                                               CONNECT RETURN RESULT Parameters                                Field   Value   Type   Reference               Identifier   SET   M   101       Length   Variable Octers   M       Contents            Mobile Directory Number (MDN)   M   6.5.2.80       BalanceNumber   M   Need new definition                  
 
         [0041]     Explanation of Parameters:  
         [0042]     Mobile Directory Number (MDN): user identification number, which shows the user to be charged  
         [0043]     Balance Number: balance on account comprising 6 digits, the first 4 digits present the amount before the decimal point, and the last 2 digits present the amount after the decimal point. The unit is Yuan.  
         [0044]     3. The following table shows the new message: the definition of parameter Disconnect  
                                                               DISCONNECT INVOKE Parameters Timer: None                                Field   Value   Type   Reference               Identifier   SET   M   102       Length   Variable Octers   M       Contents            Mobile Directory Number (MDN):   M   6.5.2.80       BillNumber   M   Need new definition       ReleaseCause   M   6.5.2.el                  
 
         [0045]     Explanation of Parameters:  
         [0046]     Mobile Directory Number (MDN): user identification number, which shows the user to be charged  
         [0047]     BillNumber: the amount used by the user. It is defined as comprising 6 digits, the first 4 digits present the amount before the decimal point, and the last 2 digits present the amount after the decimal point. The unit is Yuan.  
         [0048]     ReleaseCause: the cause of Call release.  
         [0049]     B: Paramater Definition  
         [0050]     The parameters, Mobile Directory Number (MDN) and Release Cause, have been defined in IS826 standard. It is listed here for your convenience.  
         [0051]     1. The following table shows the new message: the definition of parameter Mobile Directory Number (MDN):  
                                                                                                                                                           Field   Value   Type   Reference                       Identifier   Mobile Directory   M   6.5.1.2               Number (MDN):           Length   Variable Octers   M   6.5.1.2                        Contents            8bits   7bits   6bits   5bits   4bits   3bits   2bits   1bit   Byte (octet)                    Type of digits   The 1 st  byte       Nature of number   The 2 nd  byte            Numbering Plan   Encoding   The 3 rd  byte            Number of Digits   The 4 th  byte            The 2 nd  BCD code   The 1 st  BCD code   The 5 th  byte       The 4 th  BCD code   The 3 rd  BCD code   The 6 th  byte       .   .   .       .   .   .       .   .   .       The n th  BCD code   The n − 1 th  BCD code   The m th  byte                  
 
         [0052]     2. The following table shows the new message: the definition of parameter Release Cause:  
                                                                                                                     Field   Value   Type   Reference                       Identifier   ReleaseCause   M   6.5.1.2           Length   1   M   6.5.1.2                        Contents            8bits   7bits   6bits   5bits   4bits   3bits   2bits   1bit   Byte(octet)                    Release Cause   The 1 st  byte                  
 
         [0053]     Value=1: the phone is hung up on the calling side, the call is released  
         [0054]     Value=2: the phone is hung up on the called side, it means that the break circuit release is sent by the PCF, it is usually caused by insufficient money.  
         [0055]     3. The following table shows the new message: the definition of parameter BalanceNumber:  
                                                                                                                         Field   Value   Type   Reference                       Identifier   Balance Number   M   9FFF35           Length   3   M                        Contents            8bits   7bits   6bits   5bits   4bits   3bits   2bits   1bit   Byte(octet)                    The 2 nd  BCD code   The 1 st  BCD code   The 1 st  byte       The 4 th  BCD code   The 3 rd  BCD code   The 2 nd  byte       The 6 th  BCD code   The 5 th  BCD code   The 3 rd  byte                  
 
         [0056]     4. the following table shows the new message, BillNumber, parameter definition:  
                                                                                                                         Field   Value   Type   Reference                       Identifier   Bill Number   M   9FFF36           Length   3   M                        Contents            8bits   7bits   6bits   5bits   4bits   3bits   2bits   1bit   Byte(octet)                    The 2 nd  BCD code   The 1 st  BCD code   The 1 st  byte       The 4 th  BCD code   The 3 rd  BCD code   The 2 nd  byte       The 6 th  BCD code   The 5 th  BCD code   The 3 rd  byte                  
 
         [0057]     After the messages and parameters are defined, the billing service of the packet switch data service can be performed by the PCF-SCP billing interface.  FIG. 4  shows the calling and billing flow of the packet switch data service for the users of the CDMA IN with the new interface added. The flow is as follow:  
         [0058]     (1) Origination: request from the MS  
         [0059]     (2) BS ACK Order: the BSC responds after it receives the request.  
         [0060]     (3) CM Service Request: the BSC sends request to the MSC.  
         [0061]     (4) ORREQ: the MSC sends start calling request after necessary checks.  
         [0062]     (5) orreq: the SCP responds the request  
         [0063]     (6) anlyzd: the MSC asks the SCP to performing service check analysis.  
         [0064]     (7) anlyzd: if the SCP permits the user using the packet switch data service, the calling is allowed.  
         [0065]     (8) Assignment Req (SCP Address): the MSC sends the channel on air assignment request, the SCP address is sent from the MSC to the BSC, and the message is sent to the PCF through the BSC.  
         [0066]     (9) Setup: the A8, A9 signal and service channel connections are setup between the BSC and the PCF.  
         [0067]     (10) A10/A11 Connect Procedure: the PCF and the PDSN setup the A10 and A11 signal and service channel connection.  
         [0068]     (11) Connect: the acknowledge message is setup between the BSC and the PCF.  
         [0069]     (12) Assignment Complete: the BSC notifies the MSC that the connection is ending, mobile switch quits calling control layer.  
         [0070]     (13) Connect: after the PCF ensures that connection of the data service is successful, the Connect message should be sent to the SCP through the billing interface for formally notifying the SCP the connect event.  
         [0071]     (14) Connect Return Result: the SCP returns the Connect Return Result message and the message containing the information of the balance on the user account to the PCF through the billing interface, if the user is not the prepaid IN user, the message of balance is not sent, and the default value is sent instead. Thus, the PCF can control calling by information about the balance.  
         [0072]     (15) Establish Connect: the connection is setup between the MS and the PDSN.  
         [0073]     (16) Transmitting Packet Data: data are exchanged between the MS and the PDSN.  
         [0074]     When the MS sends the release request:  
         [0075]     (17) RLS: after transmission of the data service ends, the release message is sent from the MS side.  
         [0076]     (18) RLS: the BSC notifies the MSC to release.  
         [0077]     (19) RLS: the BSC notifies the PCF to release.  
         [0078]     (20) Disconnect: the PCF should send the Disconnect message to the SCP through the billing interface, and send the amount of money used and the reason for disconnection to the SCP so that the SCP is permitted to charge the user real time.  
         [0079]      FIG. 5  shows the status of releasing when the PCF detects that the use&#39;s balance is insufficient; the previous connection and billing processes, i.e. the step of message (1) to message (16) are same as shown in  FIG. 4 .  
         [0080]     (17) RLS: when the balance is insufficient, the PCF can detect the situation, and sends the release message to the BSC side.  
         [0081]     (18) RLS: the BSC notifies the MS to release.  
         [0082]     (19) RLS: the BSC notifies the MSC to release  
         [0083]     (20) Disconnect: the PCF sends the Disconnect message containing the amount of money used and the reason for releasing to the SCP through the billing interface.  
         [0084]     As shown from the above description, the new billing interface solution resloves the billing issue of the packet switch data service of the IN user. As can be understood, the embodiments shown and described above just explain the principle of the present invention. Those skilled of the art can emend the embodiments within the scope and spirit of the present invention. The emendations belong to the scope of the present invention.