Abstract:
A frequency mixing circuit and a frequency mixing method. The frequency mixing circuit includes first and second differential amplifiers, a subtracter and a mixer. The first differential amplifier amplifies a first pair of input signals having a first frequency to generate a first differential signal. The second differential amplifier amplifies a second pair of input signals having the first frequency orthogonal to the first pair input signals to generate a second differential signal. The subtracter subtracts the second differential signal from the first differential signal. The mixer mixes the subtracted signal with a first and second pairs of drive signals having a second frequency orthogonal to each other, in a sub-harmonic double balanced mixing mode, so that the mixer generates a pair of output signals orthogonal to each other without secondary harmonics.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION  
       [0001]     The application is a divisional application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/816,165, filed on Apr. 1, 2004 which claims priority to Korean Patent Application No. 2003-26686, filed on Apr. 28, 2003. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
       [0002]     1. Field of the Invention  
         [0003]     The present invention relates to direct conversion receivers and circuits and methods for receiving and mixing radio frequencies, and more particularly to a circuit and a method that can diminish a secondary-order inter modulation distortion at a direct conversion receiver.  
         [0004]     2. Description of the Related Art  
         [0005]     Generally, the direct conversion receiver or a homodyne receiver provides advantages compared to a superheterodyne receiver.  
         [0006]      FIG. 1  is a radio frequency receiving circuit diagram of a conventional direct conversion receiver (DCR).  
         [0007]     Referring to  FIG. 1 , the direct conversion receiver transforms an input signal into an inphase signal and a quadrature signal having a baseband frequency without transforming the input signal into a signal having an intermediate frequency (IF).  
         [0008]     A radio frequency (RF) signal received by an antenna  10  is inputted to a low noise amplifier  12 , and then an output signal of the low noise amplifier  12  is inputted to each of a first mixer  14  and a second mixer  16 .  
         [0009]     At the first mixer  14 , the amplified radio frequency signal is mixed with a local oscillator signal  20  such as a cosine wave signal of a local oscillator  20 . The local oscillator signal  20  has a same frequency as a carrier frequency. At the second mixer  16 , the radio frequency signal is mixed with a sine wave. The sine wave has phase difference of 90° with respect to the local oscillator signal  20 , and generated by a π/2 phase shifter  18 .  
         [0010]     The first and second mixers  14  and  16  generate the inphase signal and the quadrature signal, respectively, which have a mean frequency such as the baseband frequency and a harmonic frequency such as a twice carrier frequency ( 2 fc). Harmonics of the signals generated by the first and second mixers  14  and  16  are removed by two low pass filters  22  and  24 , respectively. The inphase signal and the quadrature signal having baseband frequency are amplified and outputted by two amplifiers  26  and  28 , respectively.  
         [0011]     The DCR has a simple circuit configuration compared with the superheterodyne receiver, and is easier to implement as an integrated circuit. The a minimized DCR circuit can be manufactured at a low cost.  
         [0012]     However, the DCR has some problems. One of the problems is a secondary intermodulation distortion generated by the mixer. The secondary intermodulation distortion is caused by the mixer having a nonlinear active device. A harmonic frequency component of the output signal is generated by a radio frequency signal process using the nonlinear active device, and may be a sum or difference of the harmonics of two different input signals. A DC offset is generated in addition to unwanted secondary harmonics by a non-linearity of the mixer.  
         [0013]     When two input signals respectively having two frequency components f 1  and f 2  are inputted into a nonlinear circuit, frequency components such as  2 f 1 ,  2 f 2 , f 1 +f 2 ,  3 f 1 ,  3 f 2 ,  2 f 1 −f 2 ,  2 f 2 −f 1 ,  2 f 1 +f 2  or  2 f 2 +f 1  are generated due to the non-linearity of the nonlinear circuit as well as f 1 , f 2 . In general, a filter removes the frequency components caused by a non-linearity.  
         [0014]     When the input signal frequencies f 1  and f 2  are slightly different from each other and an application defines the baseband frequency as the mean frequency, the frequency component of f 1 −f 2  that is close to the baseband frequency is not removed by the filter. The frequency component due to the non-linearity is presented in the form of interference among channels having a small frequency difference, or in signal distortions by mutual interference of the signals in a signal band.  
         [0015]     The frequency component of f 1 −f 2  is referred to as the secondary intermodulation distortion (IMD 2 ). The linearity of circuit is represented by a relation between the IMD 2  quantity and a quantity of an amplified input signal frequency. A value representing the linearity of circuit is referred to as a second order intercept point (IP 2 ).  
         [0016]     Additionally, because the DCR shifts the frequency of the desired signal to the baseband, the IMD 2  generated by the mixer can deteriorate the function of the DCR.  
         [0017]     To solve above mentioned problem, some attempts have been suggested.  
         [0018]     One of the attempts is to control mismatches of load resistances to equalize phases of the outputted secondary harmonics, and to equalize amplitudes of the outputted secondary harmonics, so that the secondary harmonics is removed by differential inputs. The effectiveness of the method of the matching load resistances depends on how finely the load resistances are controlled. However, the precise control of the load resistances is limited by a fabrication process of the integrated semiconductor circuit.  
         [0019]     Another method is disclosed in Korean Patent Laid-Open Publication Nos. 2001-34820 (that corresponds to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/064,930), and 2002-68128.  
         [0020]     In Korean Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2001-34820, the IMD 2  is transformed out of a pass band of a low pass filter and removed, by a switching operation of an inverter for an outputted signal polarity of a mixer. In addition, a switching frequency of the inverter is high as compared with bandwidth of an input signal.  
         [0021]     According to the disclosure in Korean Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2002-68128, the IMD 2  is minimized by circuit configuration biased in region in which a first differential function of transconductance of a complementary active device has a maximum and minimum values.  
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
       [0022]     The present invention provides a frequency mixing circuit and a frequency mixing method for removing a secondary intermodulation distortion (IMD 2 ) that improves linearity.  
         [0023]     It is another aspect of the present invention to provide a radio frequency receiving circuit and a radio frequency receiving method using the frequency mixing circuit and the frequency mixing method.  
         [0024]     In one aspect of the present invention, the first embodiment of the frequency mixing circuit includes a first differential amplifier, a second differential amplifier, a subtracter and a mixer. The first differential amplifier amplifies a first pair of input signals RF 1  and RF 2  with a first frequency f 1  to generate a first differential output signal. The second differential amplifier amplifies a second pair of input signals RF 3  and RF 4  orthogonal to the first pair input signals RF 1  and RF 2  to generate a second differential output signal. The subtracter subtracts the second differential output signal from the first differential output signal, so that the subtracter generates a subtracted signal. The mixer mixes the subtracted signal, a first pair of drive signals L 01  and L 02  and a second pair of drive signals L 03  and L 04  orthogonal to each other, in a sub-harmonic double balanced mixing mode, so that the mixer generates a pair of output signals orthogonal to each other without secondary harmonics.  
         [0025]     In the second embodiment the frequency mixing circuit has the same circuit configuration as the first embodiment of the frequency mixing circuit, except that the mixer includes a Gilbert cell circuit in place of a sub-harmonic double balanced mixing circuit of the first embodiment.  
         [0026]     In the third embodiment, the frequency mixing circuit includes one differential amplifier, a harmonic rejection circuit and a mixer. The differential amplifier amplifies a first pair of input signals RF 1  and RF 2  having a first frequency f 1 , so that the differential amplifier generates a first current signal at a first node and a second current signal at a second node. The harmonic rejection circuit reacts to a second pair of input signals RF 3  and RF 4  orthogonal to each other, having a substantially same frequency as the first frequency f 1 , so that the harmonic rejection circuit generates a third current signal at the first node and a fourth current signal at the second node. The mixer mixes the current signals at the first and second nodes, with a first pair of drive signals L 01  and L 02  and a second pair of drive signals L 03  and L 04  (orthogonal to the first pair of drive signals L 01  and L 02 ) having a second frequency f 2 , in a sub-harmonic double balanced mixing mode, so that the mixer generates a pair of output signals orthogonal to each other.  
         [0027]     In one embodiment of the frequency mixing method, the method includes generation of a first differential signal, a second differential signal, a subtracted signal, and a pair of output signals. The first differential signal is produced by amplifying a first pair of input signals with a first frequency. The second differential signal is produced by amplifying a second pair of input signals having a substantially same frequency as the first pair input signals, and is orthogonal to the first pair input signals. The subtracted signal is produced by subtracting the second differential signal from the first differential signal. The pair of output signals is produced by mixing the subtracted signal, with a first pair of drive signals and a second pair of drive signals having a second frequency. The mixing process uses a sub-harmonic double balanced mode so that the pair of output signal is orthogonal to each other and secondary harmonics are removed.  
         [0028]     In another embodiment of the frequency mixing method, the method includes generation of a first differential signal, a second differential signal, a subtracted signal, and a pair of output signals by using a double balanced mixing mode. The first differential signal is produced by amplifying a first pair of input signals having a first frequency. The second differential signal is produced by amplifying a second pair of input signals having a substantially same frequency as the first frequency, and is orthogonal to the first pair input signals. The subtracted signal is produced by subtracting the second differential signal from the first differential signal. The pair of output signals is produced by mixing the subtracted signal with a pair of drive signals having a second frequency. The mixing method uses a sub-harmonic double balanced mode so that the pair of output signal are orthogonal to each other, and a secondary harmonic is removed.  
         [0029]     In still another embodiment of the frequency mixing method, the method includes generation of a first current signal and a second current signal, a first subtracted signal and a second subtracted signal, and a pair of output signals. The first and second current signals are produced by amplifying a first pair of input signals RF 1  and RF 2  having a first frequency f 1 . The first and second subtracted signals are produced by respectively subtracting a third current signal and a fourth current signal from the first and second current signals. The subtraction is an operation responding to a second pair of input signals RF 3  and RF 4  that have a substantially same frequency as the first frequency and are orthogonal to the first pair of input signals. The pair of output signals is produced by mixing the first subtracted signal, the second subtracted signal, a first and a second pair of drive signals orthogonal to each other with a second frequency f 2 . The mixing uses a sub-harmonic double balanced mixing mode so that the pair of output signals is orthogonal to each other.  
         [0030]     In another aspect of the present invention, the first embodiment of the radio frequency receiving circuit includes a first poly-phase filter, a second poly-phase filter, a first mixer and a second mixer. The first and second mixers have a sub-harmonic double balanced active mixer adapted to cancel harmonics. The first poly-phase filter transforms a radio frequency signal having a first frequency into a first and second pairs of input signals orthogonal to each other. The second poly-phase filter transforms a local oscillator signal having a second frequency into first and second signal groups that each includes a pair of drive signals having about 45°-phase difference from each other. The first mixer is coupled to the first and second poly-phase filters. Additionally, the first mixer mixes the two pairs of input signals and a pair of drive signals in the first group signal to generate a first output signal having a third frequency. The second mixer coupled to the first and second poly-phase filters mixes the two pairs of input signals and a pair of drive signals in the second group signal to generate a second output signal having a substantially same frequency as the third frequency.  
         [0031]     In another aspect of the present invention, the second embodiment of the radio frequency receiving circuit includes a first poly-phase filter, a second poly-phase filter, a first mixer and a second mixer. The first or second mixer has a double balanced active mixing circuit that is widely known as a Gilbert cell circuit. The first poly-phase filter transforms a radio frequency having a first frequency into two pairs of input signals orthogonal to each other. The second poly-phase filter transforms a local oscillator signal having a second frequency into two pairs of drive signals orthogonal to each other. The first mixer coupled to the first and the second poly-phase filters mixes the two pairs of input signals and one pair of drive signals to generate a first output signal having a third frequency. The second mixer coupled to the first and the second poly-phase filters mixes the two pairs of input signals and the other pair of drive signals to generate a second output signal having a substantially same frequency as the third frequency.  
         [0032]     In another aspect of the present invention, one embodiment of the radio frequency receiving method includes generation of two pairs of input signals, the first and second signal groups, a first output signal and a second output signal. The two pairs of input signals are produced by transforming a radio frequency signal, and are orthogonal to each other. The first and second signal groups are produced by transforming a local oscillator signal. Additionally, the first and second signal groups have about  45   0 -phase difference from each other and each signal group has two pairs of drive signals orthogonal to each other. The first output signal is produced by mixing the two pairs of input signals and the two pairs of the first group&#39;s signals. The first output signal has a third frequency. The second output signal is produced by mixing the two pairs of input signals and the two pairs of the second group signals. The second output signal has a substantially same frequency as the third frequency.  
         [0033]     In another aspect of the present invention, another embodiment of the radio frequency receiving method includes generation of two pairs of input signals, two pairs of drive signals, a first output signal, and a second output signal. The two pairs of input signals are generated by transforming a radio frequency signal having a first frequency. The two pairs of input signals are orthogonal to each other. The two pairs of drive signals are generated by transforming a local oscillator signal having a second frequency, so that the two pairs of drive signals are orthogonal to each other. The first output signal is produced by mixing the two pairs of input signals and one pair of drive signals. The first output signal has a third frequency. The second output signal is produced by mixing the two pairs of input signals and the other pair of drive signals. The second output signal has a substantially same frequency as the third frequency.  
         [0034]     The present invention renders the secondary intermodulation distortion IMD 2  reduced by changing input structure of the mixing circuit that receives the radio frequency signal, so that removing the secondary harmonics improves the linearity of the mixing circuit and the quality of receiving circuit. 
     
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0035]     The above and other features of the present invention will become more apparent by describing in detail the preferred embodiments thereof with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:  
         [0036]      FIG. 1  is a circuit diagram of a conventional radio frequency receiving direct conversion receiver;  
         [0037]      FIG. 2  is a circuit diagram of a harmonic rejection mixing circuit according to a first embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0038]      FIG. 3  is a circuit diagram of a harmonic rejection mixing circuit according to a second embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0039]      FIG. 4  is a circuit diagram of a harmonic rejection mixing circuit according to a third embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0040]      FIG. 5  is a phase diagram of drive signals shown in  FIG. 6 ; and  
         [0041]      FIG. 6  is a block diagram of a radio frequency receiving circuit according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0042]      FIG. 7  is a block diagram of a radio frequency receiving circuit according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention. 
     
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
       [0043]     Hereinafter, the preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.  
         
       [0044]     Exemplary Embodiments as a Frequency Mixing Circuit  
       Embodiment 1  
       [0045]      FIG. 2  is a circuit diagram of a harmonic rejection mixing circuit according to a first embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0046]     Referring to  FIG. 2 , a frequency mixing circuit  100  comprises a first differential amplifier  110 , a second differential amplifier  120 , a subtracter  130  and a mixer  140 .  
         [0047]     The first differential amplifier  110  has a pair of an emitter coupled transistors Q 1  and Q 2  that are emitter coupled at first common node CN 1 . The first transistor Q 1  has a base receiving a first input signal RF 1  and the second transistor Q 2  has a base receiving a second input signal RF 2 . The first input signal RF 1  and the second input signal RF 2  are 180° out of phase with respect to each other, and become a first pair input signals. The first differential amplifier  110  generates a first amplified signal IRFQO by amplifying the first pair input signals RF 1  and RF 2 . A first bias current source BCS 1  is connected between the first common node CN 1  (of the emitter coupled transistors Q 1  and  02 ) and a ground GND. The first bias current source BCS 1  supplies a bias current It to the first common node CN 1 . A first regeneration resistor R 1  is connected between the first common node CN 1  and the emitter of the transistor Q 1 . A second regeneration resistor R 2  is connected between the first common node CN 1  and the emitter of the transistor Q 2 . The first and second regeneration resistors R 1  and R 2  are a matching pair.  
         [0048]     The second differential amplifier  120  has a pair of an emitter coupled transistors Q 3  and Q 4  that are emitter-coupled at a second common node CN 2 . One of the emitter coupled transistors (Q 3 ) has a base receiving a third input signal RF 3 , and the other of the emitter coupled transistors (Q 4 ) has a base receiving a fourth input signal RF 4 . The third input signal RF 3  and the fourth input signal RF 4  are 180° out of phase with respect to each other, and become a second pair of input signals. The second differential amplifier  120  generates a second amplified signal I RFI0  by amplifying the second pair input signals RF 3  and RF 4 . Additionally, the second pair input signals are 90° out of phase with respect to the first pair input signals. A second bias current source BCS 2  is connected between a second common node CN 2  of the emitter coupled transistors Q 3  and Q 4  and the ground GND. The second bias current source supplies a bias current I t  to the second common node CN 2 . A third regeneration resistor R 3  is connected between the second common node CN 2  and the emitter of the transistor Q 3 . A fourth regeneration resistor R 4  is connected between the second common node CN 2  and the emitter of the transistor  04 . The third and fourth regeneration resistors become a matching pair.  
         [0049]     The subtracter  130  has a first transformer Ti, a second transformer T 2  and a third current source BCS 3 . The subtracter  130  generates a subtraction signal I RF0  by subtracting the second amplified signal I RFQ0  from the first amplified signal I RFQ0 .  
         [0050]     The first transformer T 1  has a first winding W 1  and a second winding W 2  that are magnetically coupled to each other and have the same polarity with respect to each other. One terminal of the first winding W 1  is connected to the collector of transistor Q 1 , and the other terminal of the first winding W 1  is connected to the collector of transistor Q 2 . A center tap is connected to a voltage source VCC. The first amplified signal I RFQ0  at the first winding W 1  is inductively coupled to the second winding W 2 .  
         [0051]     The second transformer T 2  has a third winding W 3  and a fourth winding W 4  that are magnetically coupled to each other and have an opposite polarity with respect to each other. A polarity of the third winding W 3  is opposite to the polarity of the first winding W 1  of the first transformer T 1 . The polarity of the fourth winding W 4  is same with the polarity of the second winding W 2 . One terminal of the third winding W 3  is connected to the collector of transistor Q 3 , and the other terminal of the third winding W 3  is connected to the collector of transistor Q 4 . The center tap of the third winding W 3  of the second transformer T 2  is connected to the voltage source VCC. The second amplified signal I RFI0  at the third winding W 3  is inductively coupled to the second winding W 4 .  
         [0052]     One terminal of the second winding W 2  is connected to the mixer  140 , and the other terminal of the second winding W 2  is connected to a third common node CN 3 . One terminal of the fourth winding W 4  is connected to the third common node CN 3  and the other terminal of the fourth winding W 4  is connected to the mixer  140 . A third bias current source BCS 3  is connected between the third common node and the ground GND. The third bias current source BCS 2  applies DC current to the mixer  140 .  
         [0053]     Thus, a subtraction of the first amplified signal and the second amplified signal is performed by a coupled configuration of the first and the second transformers T 1  and T 2 . A circuit configuration for the subtraction using the transformers can be operated at a low voltage and can minimize leakage current characteristics.  
         [0054]     The mixer  140  is a sub-harmonic double balanced mixing circuit having four frequency multipliers FD 1 , FD 2 , FD 3  and FD 4 . Each of the frequency multipliers comprises a pair of transistors that have collectors commonly connected to each other and emitters commonly connected to each other. In the sub-harmonic double balanced mixing circuit  140 , a drive signal frequency f 2  of four drive signals L 01 , L 02 , L 03  and L 04  is half of the input signal frequency f 1  of the input signals RF 1 , RF 2 , RF 3  and RF 4 . A first pair of drive signals L 01  and L 02  is 180° out of phase with respect to each other. A second pair of drive signals L 03  and L 04  is 180° out of phase with respect to each other. The first and second pairs pair of drive signals are orthogonal to each other. The two pairs of drive signals are mixed at the mixer  140 .  
         [0055]     The mixer  140  has harmonic having a frequency of f 1 − 2 f 2 .  
         [0056]     The first frequency multiplier FD 1  has the collectors commonly connected to a first output node ON 1  and the emitters commonly connected to one terminal of the second winding W 2 . A first base of the first frequency multiplier FD 1  receives the first drive signal L 01  having 0° phase. A second base of the first frequency multiplier FD 1  receives the second drive signal L 02  having about 180°-phase difference compared to the first drive signal L 01 .  
         [0057]     The second frequency multiplier FD 2  has collectors commonly connected to a second output node ON 2  and the emitters commonly connected to one terminal of the second winding W 2 . A first base of the second frequency multiplier FD 2  receives the third drive signal L 03  having about 90°-phase difference compared to the first drive signal L 01 . A second base of the second frequency multiplier FD 1  receives the fourth drive signal L 04  having about 270°-phase difference compared to the first drive signal L 01 .  
         [0058]     The third frequency multiplier FD 3  has collectors commonly connected to a first output node ON 1  and the emitters commonly connected to one terminal of the fourth winding W 4 . A first base of the third frequency multiplier FD 3  receives the fourth drive signal L 04  having about 270°-phase difference compared to the first drive signal L 01 . A second base of the third frequency multiplier FD 3  receives the third drive signal L 03  having about 90°-phase difference compared to the first drive signal L 01 .  
         [0059]     The fourth frequency multiplier FD 4  has collectors commonly connected to a second output node ON 2  and the emitters commonly connected to one terminal of the fourth winding W 4 . A first base of the fourth frequency multiplier FD 4  receives the second drive signal L 02  having about 180°-phase difference compared to the first drive signal L 01 . A second base of the fourth frequency multiplier FD 4  receives the first drive signal L 01  having 0° phase.  
         [0060]     A first load resistor R 5  is connected between the voltage source VCC and the first output node ON 1 , and a second load resistor R 6  is connected between the voltage source VCC and the second output node ON 2 . A capacitor C is coupled between the first output node ON 1  and the second output node ON 2 .  
         [0061]     Thus, in this embodiment, a secondary intermodulation distortion (IMD 2 ) is minimized by the subtracter implemented by the RF transformer  130 . A first output signal IF 1  is output from the first output node ON 1 ; and a second output signal IF 2  is output from the second output node ON 2 . The first and second output signals IF 1  and IF 2  have about 180°-phase difference from each other.  
       Embodiment 2  
       [0062]      FIG. 3  is a circuit diagram of a harmonic rejection mixing circuit according to a second embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0063]     A frequency mixing circuit shown in  FIG. 3  has the same configuration as the first embodiment of the frequency mixing circuit as shown in  FIG. 2 , except for the mixer  240 . Therefore, in  FIG. 3 , the same reference numerals denote the same elements in  FIG. 2 , and thus the detailed description of the same elements will be omitted.  
         [0064]     Referring to  FIG. 3 , the mixer  240  has a double balanced mixing circuit including a Gilbert cell circuit. Thus, the frequency of drive signals L 01  and L 02  is the same as the frequency of input signals RF 1 , RF 2 , RF 3  and RF 4 .  
         [0065]     A first pair of emitter coupled transistors Q 5  and Q 6  has emitters commonly connected to each other and connected to one terminal of the second winding W 2 . The collector of one of the first pair of emitter coupled transistors Q 5  and Q 6  is connected to the first output node ON 1 , and the collector of the other one of the first pair of emitter coupled transistors Q 5  and Q 6  is connected to the second output node ON 2 . Furthermore, the first pair of emitter coupled transistors Q 5  and Q 6  has a first base and a second base. The first base receives the first drive signal L 01  having 0° phase and the second base receives the second drive signal L 02  having about 180°-phase difference with respect to the first drive signal L 01 .  
         [0066]     The second pair emitter coupled transistors Q 7  and Q 8  has emitters commonly connected to each other and connected to one terminal of the fourth winding W 4 . A third collector, of one of a second pair of emitter coupled transistors  07  and Q 8  is connected to the first output node ON 1 , and a fourth collector of the other one of the second pair of emitter coupled transistors Q 7  and Q 8  is connected to the second output node ON 2 . Furthermore, the second pair emitter coupled transistors Q 5  and Q 6  has a third base and a fourth base. The third base receives the second drive signal L 02  having  1800  phase difference with respect to the first drive signal L 01 , and the fourth base receives the first drive signal L 01  having 0° phase.  
       Embodiment 3  
       [0067]      FIG. 4  is a circuit diagram of a harmonic rejection mixing circuit according to a third embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0068]     Referring to  FIG. 4 , a frequency mixing circuit  400  has a differential amplifier  410 . The differential amplifier  410  amplifies a first pair of input signals RF 1  and RF 2  in order to output a first current signal I RF1  and a second current signal I RF2 . =A current to flow at a first node N 1  into transistor Q 13  is the first current signal I RF1  and a current to flow at a second node N 2  into transistor Q 14  is the second current signal I RF2 . The differential amplifier  410  has a pair of emitter coupled transistors Q 13  and Q 14  and a bias current source BCS 7 . Transistor Q 13  has a collector connected to the first node N 1 , a base receiving the first input signal RF 1  having 0° phase, and an emitter connected a common node CN 4  via a regeneration resistor R 7 . Transistor Q 14  has a collector connected to the second node N 2 , a base receiving the second input signal RF 2  having about 180°-phase difference with respect to the first input signal RF 1 , and an emitter connected a common node CN 4  via a regeneration resistor R 8 .  
         [0069]     The bias current source BCS 7  supplies a DC bias current 2I t  to the common node CN 4 , and is connected between the common node CN 4  and a ground GND.  
         [0070]     A harmonic rejection circuit  420  comprises a pair of transistors Q 15  and Q 16  and bias current sources BCS 8 -BCS 11 .  
         [0071]     The transistor Q 15  has an emitter connected to the first node N 1 , a base receiving a third input signal RF 3  having about  901 -phase difference with respect to the first input signal RF 1 , and a collector connected to a voltage source VCC via the bias current source BCS 8 . Additionally, the bias current source BCS 9  is connected between the first node N 1  and the ground GND.  
         [0072]     The transistor Q 16  has an emitter connected to the second node N 2 , a base receiving a fourth input signal RF 4  having about 270°-phase difference with respect to the first input signal RF 1 , and a collector connected to the voltage source VCC via the bias current source BCS 10 . Additionally, the bias current source BCS 11  is connected between the second node N 2  and the ground GND.  
         [0073]     DC current values of the bias current sources BCS 8 -BCS 11  are the same.  
         [0074]     The transistor Q 15  is turned on when the third input signal RF 3  has positive value, and the transistor Q 13  is turned on when the first input signal RF 1  has positive value, so that the first current signal IRF, and a third current signal IRF 3  have the opposite current direction from each other. The third input signal RF 3  has about 90°-phase delay from the first input signal RF 1 . Thus, while the transistor Q 13  is turned off, the transistor Q 15  is turned on, so that a complementary current operation at the first node N 1  occurs. Consequently, a current I RE01  of the first node N 1  is given by 
 
 I   RE01   =I   t +( I   RF1   −I   RF3 ). 
 
         [0075]     In the same manner, a current I RE02  of the second node N 2  is given by 
 
 I   RE02   =I   t +( I   RF2   −I   RF4 ). 
 
         [0076]     In this way, a mixer  140  receives a signal of which a secondary harmonics is removed by a subtraction for the input signals.  
       Exemplary Embodiments as a Frequency Receiving Circuit  
     Embodiment 5  
       [0077]      FIG. 6  is a block diagram of a radio frequency receiving circuit according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0078]     Referring to  FIG. 6 , a radio frequency signal RF of the radio frequency received to circuit  500  is transmitted into a first poly-phase filter  530  through a low noise amplifier  510  and a transformer  520 . The first poly-phase filter  530  receives the radio frequency signal RF, and outputs a first pair of input signals RF 1  and RF 2  and a second pair of input signals RF 3  and RF 4 . The first and second pairs of input signals are orthogonal to each other, so that the input signals RF 1 , RF 2 , RF 3  and RF 4  have phase difference of about 0°, 90°, 180° and 270° with respect to the input signal RF 1 , respectively.  
         [0079]     Meanwhile, a local oscillator signal LO received at a second poly-phase filter  540  is transformed into a first signal group GS 1  and a second signal group GS 2  by separating the local oscillator signal LO. The first signal group GS 1  has signals having phases of 0°, 90°, 180° and 270°. The second group GS 2  has signals having phases of 45°, 135°, 225° and 315°. The signals of the first signal group GS 1  have 45°-phase difference from the signals of the second signal group GS 2 , respectively.  
         [0080]     The circuit configuration of the poly-phase filters  530  and  540  can be the same as or different from the poly-phase filter disclosed in Korean Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2001-38323.  
         [0081]     The first signal group GS 1  comprises a first pair of drive signals L 01  and L 02  and a second pair of drive signals L 03  and L 04 . The first pair of drive signals LO 1  and L 02  are orthogonal to the second pair of drive signals L 03  and L 04 . The second signal group GS 2  has a third pair of drive signals L 05  and L 06  and a fourth pair of drive signals L 07  and L 08 . The third pair of drive signals L 05  and L 06  are orthogonal to the fourth pair of drive signals L 07  and L 08  phase difference among the drive signals is shown by a phase diagram depicted in  FIG. 5 .  
         [0082]     A first mixer  550  receives input signals RF 1 -RF 4  and generates a first intermediate frequency signal IF 1  by mixing input signals RF 1 -RF 4  with frequency of the drive signals L 01  -L 04  of the first signal group GS 1 .  
         [0083]     A second mixer  560  receiving the input signals RF 1  -RF 4  and generates a second intermediate frequency signal IF 2  by mixing input signals RF 1 -RF 4  with frequency of the drive signals L 05 -L 08  of the second group signal GS 2 .  
         [0084]     The first and second mixers  550  and  560  each comprise the sub-harmonic double balanced mixing circuit disclosed in the first, third and other embodiments of the frequency mixing circuit.  
         [0085]     The first intermediate frequency signal IF 1  generated by the first mixer  550  is amplified and low-pass filtered by a first amplifier  570 , and whose DC offset is removed, so that a signal I inphase with the first intermediate frequency signal IF 1  is generated.  
         [0086]     The second intermediate frequency signal IF 2  generated by the second mixer  560  is amplified and low-pass filtered by a second amplifier  580 , and whose DC offset is removed, so that a signal Q orthogonal to the signal I is generated. Furthermore, the signal I and the signal Q have a baseband frequency.  
         [0087]     Embodiment 6  
         [0088]      FIG. 7  is a block diagram of a radio frequency receiving circuit according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0089]     The radio frequency receiving circuit  600  shown in  FIG. 7  has the same configuration as the radio frequency receiving circuit as shown in  FIG. 6 , except that a second poly-phase filter, a first mixer and second mixer have a different configuration from the embodiment of the radio frequency receiving circuit shown in  FIG. 6 . Therefore, in  FIG. 7 , the same reference numerals denote the same elements in  FIG. 6 , and thus the detailed description of the same elements will be omitted.  
         [0090]     Referring to  FIG. 7 , a second poly-phase filter  640  receiving a local oscillator signal LO generates a first pair of drive signals L 01  and L 02  and a second pair of drive signals L 03  and L 04  by separating the local oscillator signal LO. The first and second pairs of drive signals are orthogonal to each other. Furthermore, a frequency f 2  of the local oscillator signal LO is the same as a frequency f 1  of the radio frequency signal RF.  
         [0091]     A first mixer  650  receiving input signals RF 1 -RF 4  generates a first intermediate frequency signal IF 1  by mixing the first pair of drive signals L 01  and L 02 .  
         [0092]     A second mixer  660  receiving the input signals RF 1 -RF 4  generates a second intermediate frequency signal IF 2  by mixing with a frequency of the second pair of drive signals L 03  and L 04 .  
         [0093]     The first and second mixers  650  and  660  have the double balanced mixing circuit disclosed in the second embodiment of the frequency mixing circuit.  
         [0094]     The present invention reduces the secondary intermodulation distortion IMD 2  by changing the input structure of the mixing circuit receiving the radio frequency signal RF, so that removing the secondary harmonic improves the linearity of the mixing circuit and quality of receiving circuit.  
         [0095]     While the exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.  
         [0096]     For example, the third and other embodiments of the frequency mixing circuit can include the Gilbert cell circuit as the mixer. The mixer may include a Gilbert cell circuit, a folded-cascode circuit or a harmonic mixer circuit.  
         [0097]     Additionally, the frequency mixing circuit and the radio frequency receiving circuit may be fabricated via any known or future design technology, for example, BJT, MOS, CMOS, BiCMOS, HBT, MESFET and HEMT, and may be formed on any known or future semiconductor substrate such as Si substrate, SiGe substrate, GaAs substrate or InP substrate.  
         [0098]     Furthermore, the transformer of the subtracter may be a monolithic microwave transformer on the semiconductor substrate that is known as balun (balance to unbalance transformer).  
         [0099]     The first voltage source may have a positive voltage level (e.g., from 1V to 5V), and the second voltage source may have a negative voltage level from negative value to ground.  
         [0100]     The circuits of the present invention may be applied to a cellular phone, a PCS (personal communication service) system, or a down converter and up converter of radio frequency transceiver such as a wireless LAN transceiver. The circuits of the present invention are adaptable to a direct conversion receiver of the cellular phone of a GSM (global system for mobile communications) having a frequency band of 900 MHz, and to a direct conversion receiver of the PCS system of the GSM having a frequency band of 1,800 MHz and 1,900 MHz.