Abstract:
The present disclosure relates to a method of fabricating a semiconductor package. The method may include forming a cavity in a package substrate and providing the package substrate and a die on a carrier tape film. Here, the carrier tape film may include a tape substrate and an insulating layer on the tape substrate, and the die may be provided in the cavity of the package substrate. The method may further include subsequently forming an encapsulation layer to cover the insulating layer and the die in the cavity and cover the package substrate on the insulating layer and removing the tape substrate from the insulating layer.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This U.S. non-provisional patent application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119 to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2016-0073310, filed on Jun. 13, 2016, in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    The present disclosure relates to a method of fabricating a package, and in particular, to a method of fabricating a fan-out panel level package and a carrier tape film therefor. 
         [0003]    As an integration density of a semiconductor chip increases, its size is gradually decreased. However, a distance between bumps on a semiconductor chip is a fixed parameter that is given by international standards of the Joint Electron Device Engineering Council (JEDEC). Accordingly, it is difficult to change the number of bumps to be provided on a semiconductor chip. Also, as a semiconductor chip is shrunk, there is an increasing difficulty in handling and testing the semiconductor chip. In addition, there is another issue of how to diversify a board in accordance with a size of a semiconductor chip. To address these and other issues, a fan-out panel level package has been proposed. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0004]    Some embodiments of the inventive concept provide a method of fabricating a package without damage of an encapsulation layer, and a carrier tape film to be used therefor. 
         [0005]    According to some embodiments of the inventive concept, a method of fabricating a semiconductor package may include forming a cavity in a package substrate and providing the package substrate and a die on a carrier tape film. Here, the carrier tape film may include a tape substrate and an insulating layer on the tape substrate, and the die may be provided in the cavity of the package substrate. The method may further include subsequently forming an encapsulation layer to cover the insulating layer and the die in the cavity and cover the package substrate on the insulating layer and removing the tape substrate from the insulating layer. 
         [0006]    According to some embodiments of the inventive concept, a method of fabricating a semiconductor package may include forming a cavity in a package substrate, pressing a carrier tape film on the package substrate, the carrier tape film including an insulating layer, an adhesive layer, and a tape substrate, aligning a semiconductor device in the cavity and pressing the die on the insulating layer, forming an encapsulation layer on the insulating layer, the semiconductor device, and the package substrate, irradiating a first light onto the adhesive layer to reduce an adhesive strength of the adhesive layer, removing the adhesive layer and the tape substrate from the insulating layer, and subsequently irradiating a second light, whose wavelength is different from that of the first light, onto a portion of the insulating layer to form contact holes on a portion of the package substrate and on a portion of the semiconductor device. 
         [0007]    According to some embodiments of the inventive concept, a carrier tape film may include a tape substrate, an adhesive layer on the tape substrate, and an insulating layer on the adhesive layer. The adhesive layer may include monomers with adhesive functional groups and a first light initiator mixed with the monomers. The adhesive functional group may be removed by the first light initiator irradiated by a first light incident from an outside. 
         [0008]    According to some embodiments of the inventive concept, a carrier tape film may include a tape substrate, an adhesive layer on the tape substrate, and an insulating layer on the adhesive layer. The adhesive layer may include an adhesive and beads mixed in the adhesive. When the adhesive layer is heated, the beads may be expanded to separate the adhesive from the insulating layer. 
         [0009]    According to another embodiment, a method of forming a semiconductor package, includes: providing a package substrate including an opening therein; providing a carrier tape film including a tape substrate and an insulating layer stacked on each other and attached to each other by an adhesive layer formed therebetween; placing the package substrate on a first surface of the insulating layer; placing a semiconductor chip on the first surface of the insulating layer in the opening; subsequently forming an encapsulation layer to cover the insulating layer and the semiconductor chip in the cavity and to cover the package substrate on the insulating layer; and removing the tape substrate from the insulating layer by applying at least one of heat or light to the adhesive layer. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0010]      FIG. 1  is a flow chart illustrating a method of fabricating a package, according to some embodiments of the inventive concept. 
           [0011]      FIGS. 2 to 19  are sectional views illustrating an example package fabricated by the method of  FIG. 1 . 
           [0012]      FIGS. 20 and 21  are diagrams exemplarily illustrating a step of reducing an adhesive strength of an adhesive layer of  FIG. 7 , according to some embodiments. 
           [0013]      FIGS. 22 and 23  are sectional views exemplarily illustrating a step of providing a package substrate and a die, shown in  FIG. 1 , according to some embodiments. 
           [0014]      FIGS. 24 and 25  are sectional views exemplarily illustrating a step of reducing an adhesive strength, shown in  FIG. 1 , according to some embodiments. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0015]    Although the figures described herein may be referred to using language such as “one embodiment,” or “certain embodiments,” these figures, and their corresponding descriptions are not intended to be mutually exclusive from other figures or descriptions, unless the context so indicates. Therefore, certain aspects from certain figures may be the same as certain features in other figures, and/or certain figures may be different representations or different portions of a particular exemplary embodiment. 
         [0016]    It will be understood that, although the terms first, second, third etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections, these elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections should not be limited by these terms. Unless the context indicates otherwise, these terms are only used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer or section from another element, component, region, layer or section, for example as a naming convention. Thus, a first element, component, region, layer or section discussed below in one section of the specification could be termed a second element, component, region, layer or section in another section of the specification or in the claims without departing from the teachings of the present invention. In addition, in certain cases, even if a term is not described using “first,” “second,” etc., in the specification, it may still be referred to as “first” or “second” in a claim in order to distinguish different claimed elements from each other. As used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are not intended to limit the described subject matter to only one item, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. 
         [0017]    It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being “connected” or “coupled” to or “on” another element, it can be directly connected or coupled to or on the other element or intervening elements may be present. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being “directly connected” or “directly coupled” to another element, or as “contacting” or “in contact with” another element, there are no intervening elements present. Other words used to describe the relationship between elements should be interpreted in a like fashion (e.g., “between” versus “directly between,” “adjacent” versus “directly adjacent,” etc.). 
         [0018]    Terms such as “same,” “equal,” “planar,” or “coplanar,” as used herein when referring to orientation, layout, location, shapes, sizes, amounts, or other measures do not necessarily mean an exactly identical orientation, layout, location, shape, size, amount, or other measure, but are intended to encompass nearly identical orientation, layout, location, shapes, sizes, amounts, or other measures within acceptable variations that may occur, for example, due to manufacturing processes. The term “substantially” may be used herein to emphasize this meaning, unless the context or other statements indicate otherwise. For example, items described as “substantially the same,” “substantially equal,” or “substantially planar,” may be exactly the same, equal, or planar, or may be the same, equal, or planar within acceptable variations that may occur, for example, due to manufacturing processes. 
         [0019]      FIG. 1  is a flow chart illustrating a method of fabricating a package, according to some embodiments of the inventive concept. 
         [0020]    Referring to  FIG. 1 , a method of fabricating a package may include a method of fabricating a fan-out panel level package. In some embodiments, the method of fabricating a package may include forming a cavity in a package substrate (in S 10 ), providing a package substrate and a die on a carrier tape film (in S 20 ), forming an encapsulation layer (in S 30 ), reducing an adhesive strength of an adhesive layer of the carrier tape film (in S 40 ), removing the adhesive layer and a tape substrate of the carrier tape film (in S 50 ), forming a first contact hole in an insulating layer (in S 60 ), forming an interconnection layer (in S 70 ), forming a protection layer (in S 80 ), forming a second contact hole in the protection layer (in S 90 ), and forming bumps (in S 100 ). 
         [0021]      FIGS. 2 to 19  are sectional views illustrating a package fabricated by the method of  FIG. 1 , according to some embodiments. 
         [0022]    Referring to  FIG. 2 , a package substrate  10  may be a fan-out printed circuit board. For example, the package substrate  10  may include substrate pads  12  and substrate interconnection lines  14 . The substrate pads  12  may be formed on top and bottom surfaces of the package substrate  10 . The substrate pads  12  may be characterized in that they are formed at a surface of the substrate  10  and have a flat surface profile (e.g., a flat surface facing away from the substrate  10 ). The substrate pads  12  may also be characterized in that they have a longer horizontal dimension than vertical dimension. The substrate pads may connect to the substrate interconnection lines  14  at a terminal end of the substrate interconnection lines  14 , and may have a greater horizontal width than a horizontal width of the interconnection lines  14  at an interface between the two. The substrate interconnection lines  14  may be formed in the package substrate  10 . In some embodiments, the substrate interconnection lines  14  may include vertical lines. In exemplary embodiments, the substrate interconnection lines  14  may include horizontal lines (e.g., within the package substrate  10 ). 
         [0023]    Referring to  FIGS. 1 and 3 , a cavity  16  may be formed in the package substrate  10  (in S 10 ). The cavity  16  may be formed between the substrate pads  12 . The cavity  16  may be formed between the substrate interconnection lines  14 . The cavity  16  may penetrate the package substrate  10  from a top surface to a bottom surface. For example, the cavity  16  may be a through hole penetrating the package substrate  10 . 
         [0024]    Referring to  FIGS. 1, 4, and 5 , the package substrate  10  and a die  40  may be provided on a carrier tape film  20  (in S 20 ). In some embodiments, the package substrate  10  may be provided on the carrier tape film  20 , and then, the die  40  may be provided on the carrier tape film  20  and in the cavity  16  of the package substrate  10 . In this embodiment, both the package substrate  10  and the die  40  are provided on the same surface of the carrier tape film  20 . For example, the layers of the carrier tape film  20  may be stacked in advance of the package substrate  10  and die  40  being provided on the carrier tape film  20 . 
         [0025]    Referring to  FIG. 4 , the carrier tape film  20  may include a tape substrate  22 , an adhesive layer  24 , and an insulating layer  26 . The tape substrate  22  may be transparent. For example, the tape substrate  22  may be formed of or include a plastic film or a vinyl film. The adhesive layer  24  may be formed on the tape substrate  22 . The adhesive layer  24  may be opaque. For example, the adhesive layer  24  may be formed of or include acrylic adhesives or acrylate adhesives. The insulating layer  26  may be formed on the adhesive layer  24 . The adhesive layer  24  may be configured to bond the tape substrate  22  and the insulating layer  26  to each other with a specific adhesive strength. The tape substrate  22  may be thicker than the insulating layer  26 . The tape substrate  22  may be affixed the insulating layer  26 . In one embodiment, the tape substrate  22  and insulating layer  26  are formed in advance, and then are bonded together using the adhesive layer  24 . 
         [0026]    In exemplary embodiments, the carrier tape film  20  may be bonded to the package substrate  10  by heat. For example, a top surface of the insulating layer  26  may be melted, and the package substrate  10  may be provided on the melted top surface of the insulating layer  26 . Thereafter, the insulating layer  26  may be hardened. As a result, the insulating layer  26  may be bonded to the package substrate  10 . 
         [0027]    The package substrate  10  may be provided on the carrier tape film  20 . In some embodiments, the package substrate  10  may be pressed against the carrier tape film  20 . For example, a roll  21  may be used to press the carrier tape film  20  against the package substrate  10 . The package substrate  10  may be pressed on the top surface of the insulating layer  26 . Accordingly, the insulating layer  26  and the package substrate  10  may be bonded to each other. Owing to the presence of the cavity  16 , the package substrate  10  may be easily bent. The tape substrate  22  may make it possible to prevent warpage of the package substrate  10 . 
         [0028]    Referring to  FIG. 5 , the die  40  may have an area smaller than that of the cavity  16 . The die  40  may include a semiconductor chip. Though a single die and/or chip is depicted, the die  40  can represent a stack of semiconductor chips including two or more semiconductor chips. The term “semiconductor device” may be used herein to generally refer to a semiconductor chip or stack of semiconductor chips. For example, the die  40  may include a memory device, components of a solid state drive, or an application processor. The die  40  may have device pads  42 . 
         [0029]    The die  40  may be aligned to the cavity  16  and then may be provided on the insulating layer  26 . In some embodiments, the die  40  may be pressed against the carrier tape film  20 . For example, a picker may be used to press the die  40  against the insulating layer  26  with a specific load. The device pads  42  may be provided in the insulating layer  26 . 
         [0030]    Referring to  FIGS. 1 and 6 , an encapsulation layer  50  may be formed on the package substrate  10  and the die  40  (in S 30 ). For example, the encapsulation layer  50  may be dropped or coated on the package substrate  10  and the die  40 . In some embodiments, the encapsulation layer  50  may be formed on the insulating layer  26  in the cavity  16  (e.g., and may contact a surface of the insulating layer  26  in the cavity  16 ). The encapsulation layer  50  may be provided between side surfaces of the die  40  in the cavity  16  and side surfaces of the package substrate  10 . The encapsulation layer  50  may contact the side surfaces of the die  40  in the cavity  16  and the side surfaces of the package substrate  10  in the cavity  16 . Thereafter, the encapsulation layer  50  may be hardened. The encapsulation layer  50  may be formed of or include, for example, at least one of epoxy polymer, acrylic polymer, or silicon polymer. 
         [0031]    Referring to  FIGS. 1 and 7 , a first light  52  may be irradiated onto the adhesive layer  24  to reduce an adhesive strength of the adhesive layer  24  (in S 40 ). The first light  52  may pass through the tape substrate  22 . In some embodiments, a fraction or all of the first light  52  may be an ultraviolet light. For example, the first light  52  may have a wavelength of about 365 nm. Thus, in some embodiments, the first light  52  may be an ultraviolet light closer to the visible light spectrum. The first light  52  may be absorbed by the adhesive layer  24 . The irradiation of the first light  52  may make it possible to vanish or reduce an adhesive strength of the adhesive layer  24 . The insulating layer  26  may be insensitive to the first light  52 . 
         [0032]      FIGS. 20 and 21  are diagrams exemplarily illustrating the step S 40  of reducing an adhesive strength of the adhesive layer  24  of  FIG. 7 . 
         [0033]    Referring to  FIG. 20 , the adhesive layer  24  may include first polymers  32 , first monomers  34 , and first light initiators  36 . For example, the first polymers  32  may include acrylate polymers. The first polymers  32  may not have an adhesive property. The first monomers  34  may be mixed with the first polymers  32 . The first monomers  34  may include acrylate monomers or acrylate oligomers. In some embodiments, each of the first monomers  34  may have adhesive functional groups  38 . The adhesive functional groups  38  may have an adhesive property. For example, each of the adhesive functional groups  38  may include a vinyl group. The first light initiators  36  may be mixed with the first polymers  32  and the first monomers  34 . The first light initiators  36  may include hydroxy dimethyl acetophenone (HP8), 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl-dipheny-phosphineoxide (TOP), or 2,3-diethylthioxanthone (DETX). 
         [0034]    Referring to  FIG. 21 , as a result of the irradiation of the first light  52  and a chain reaction with the first light initiators  36 , second polymers  30  may be formed from the first monomers  34 . The first light  52  may activate the first light initiators  36 , and this may lead to a polymerization reaction of the adhesive functional groups  38 . In some embodiments, the first light initiators  36  may be reacted with the first light  52  to connect the adhesive functional groups  38  of the first monomers  34  to each other. The adhesive functional groups  38  may be connected to each other through the polymerization reaction. The adhesive functional groups  38  may be changed to functional groups (not shown) that do not exhibit an adhesive property any more. The adhesive functional groups  38  may be removed or decreased. Thus, the adhesive strength of the adhesive layer  24  may disappear or decrease. 
         [0035]    In exemplary embodiments, the first light initiators  36  may be used to bridge between the adhesive functional groups  38  of the first monomers  34 . As an example, the second polymers  30  may be a result of a polymerization reaction between the first light initiators  36  and the first monomers  34 . The second polymers  30  may not have an adhesive property. Thus, the adhesive strength of the adhesive layer  24  may disappear or decrease. 
         [0036]    Referring to  FIGS. 1 and 8 , the adhesive layer  24  and the tape substrate  22  may be removed (in S 50 ). The adhesive layer  24  may be separated from the insulating layer  26 , regardless of the encapsulation layer  50 . The insulating layer  26  may protect the encapsulation layer  50  during the process of removing the adhesive layer  24  and may remain after removing the adhesive layer  24  and tape substrate  22 . For example, it may be possible to prevent the encapsulation layer  50  from being damaged. As an example, the adhesive layer  24  and the tape substrate  22  may be peeled from the insulating layer  26  by an external force. Although not shown, a cleaning process may be performed on the adhesive layer  24 . Alternatively, the adhesive layer  24  may be developed by a first developing solution (not shown). The first developing solution may contain, for example, alkaline solution. In either case, the insulating layer  26  remains on the encapsulation layer  50  and so the removal of the adhesive layer  24  and tape substrate  22  does not affect the surface of the encapsulation layer  50  that contacts the carrier tape film  20  via the insulating layer  26 . 
         [0037]    Referring to  FIGS. 1, 9, and 10 , a first contact hole  28  may be formed in the insulating layer  26  (in S 60 ). 
         [0038]    As shown in  FIG. 9 , a second light  54  may be irradiated onto the insulating layer  26 . In some embodiments, a photolithography process may be performed to irradiate the second light  54  onto a portion of the insulating layer  26  (e.g., such as the portions shown in  FIG. 9 ). The insulating layer  26  may be formed of or include a photo-imageable dielectric material. For example, the insulating layer  26  may be formed of or include a dielectric polyimide material with a photo-imageable property. The insulating layer  26  may be formed of a material with positive photosensitivity. As a result of the irradiation of the second light  54 , the insulating layer  26  may include first portions  27  that are irradiated by the second light  54  and have different properties from the remaining portion of the insulating layer  26 . For example, in the case where the remaining portion of the insulating layer  26  has hydrophobicity, the first portions  27  may have hydrophilicity. 
         [0039]    In some embodiments, the second light  54  may be different from the first light  52 . For example, the second light  54  may have a wavelength shorter than that of the first light  52 . As an example, the second light  54  may have a wavelength of about 248 nm or about 193 nm. Alternatively, the second light  54  may have a wavelength longer than that of the first light  52 . As an example, the second light  54  may have a wavelength of about 436 nm. 
         [0040]    Although not shown, the insulating layer  26  may contain third polymers (not shown) and a second light initiator (not shown). The third polymers may have hydrophobicity. The third polymers may have binders. The third polymers may be a different material from the first polymers  32  and the second polymers  30 . The third polymers may be formed of or include at least one of phenol polymers, polyphenylene benzobisoxazole (PBO) polymers, or polyimide polymers. Alternatively, the third polymers may be the same material as at least one of the first and second polymers. For example, the third polymers may include acrylate polymers. 
         [0041]    The second light initiator may be mixed in the third polymers. For example, the second light initiators may include oxim ester photoinitiators or triazine-based photoinitiators. 
         [0042]    If the second light initiator is exposed to the second light  54 , the second light initiator may produce hydrogen cation (H + ) or an acidic material. The hydrogen cation or the acidic material may be used to cut the binders of the third polymers. Owing to the presence of the hydrogen cation or the acidic material, the third polymers may be changed to second monomers or second oligomers. The second monomers or the second oligomers may have hydrophilicity. For example, the second monomers may contain phenol monomers, polyphenylene benzobisoxazole monomers, polyimide monomer, or acrylate monomers. Accordingly, the insulating layer  26  may include the third polymers, and the first portion  27  may include the second monomers. 
         [0043]    Referring to  FIGS. 1 and 10 , the first portions  27  of the insulating layer  26  may be removed to expose the substrate pads  12  and the device pads  42 . In some embodiments, the insulating layer  26  may be developed by a second developing solution. The second developing solution may contain an alkaline solution. The second developing solution may be used to remove the first portions  27 , and thus, the first contact hole  28  may be formed. For example, the second monomers or the second oligomers in the insulating layer  26  may be dissolved by the second developing solution. The substrate pads  12  and the device pads  42  may be exposed to the outside through the first contact hole  28  (e.g., to the outside of the package). 
         [0044]    Referring to  FIGS. 1 and 11 to 15 , interconnection lines  70  may be formed on a portion of the insulating layer  26 , the substrate pads  12 , and the device pads  42  (in S 70 ). The interconnection lines  70  may include redistribution lines. In some embodiments, the interconnection lines  70  may be formed using an electroplating process. The interconnection lines  70  may include, for example, a seed metal layer  62  and an interconnection metal layer  71 . The interconnection metal layer  71  may be formed on the seed metal layer  62 . In the process of forming the interconnection metal layer  71 , the seed metal layer  62  may be used as a current-supplying layer. 
         [0045]    Referring to  FIG. 11 , the seed metal layer  62  may be formed on the substrate pad  12 , the device pad  42 , and the insulating layer  26 . In some embodiments, the seed metal layer  62  may be formed by a sputtering process or a chemical vapor deposition process. For example, the seed metal layer  62  may be formed of or include at least one of tungsten, titanium, tantalum, or aluminum. The seed metal layer  62  may be formed to have a thickness from about 1 nm to about 100 nm. 
         [0046]    Referring to  FIG. 12 , a photoresist pattern  63  may be formed on a portion of the insulating layer  26 . The photoresist pattern  63  may be formed by a photolithography process. Although not shown, the formation of the photoresist pattern  63  may include coating or dropping a photoresist material, exposing the photoresist material with a third light, and developing the photoresist material. A fraction or all of the third light may be an ultraviolet light. The third light may have the same wavelength as that of the second light  54 . In exemplary embodiments, the wavelength of the third light may be different from that of the second light  54 . 
         [0047]    Referring to  FIG. 13 , the interconnection metal layer  71  may be formed on the seed metal layer  62  exposed by the photoresist pattern  63 . In some embodiments, the interconnection metal layer  71  may be formed using an electroplating method. For example, the interconnection metal layer  71  may be formed of or include copper. 
         [0048]    Referring to  FIG. 14 , the photoresist pattern  63  may be removed. The photoresist pattern  63  may be removed by, for example, an organic solvent. In the case where the interconnection metal layer  71  is formed by a sputtering process or a chemical vapor deposition process, the photoresist pattern  63  and the interconnection metal layer  71  thereon may be removed by a lift-off process. 
         [0049]    Referring to  FIG. 15 , the seed metal layer  62  may be removed from an outskirt region of the interconnection metal layer  71 . As a result, the formation of the interconnection lines  70  may be finished (in S 70 ). A portion of the seed metal layer  62  may be removed, for example, by a wet etching process. For example, the portion of the seed metal layer  62  may be isotropically etched by an acidic solution containing at least one of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, or acetic acid. In exemplary embodiments, a portion of the seed metal layer  62  may be removed by a dry etching process. For example, the portion of the seed metal layer  62  may be anisotropically etched by an acidic or alkaline reaction gas. The interconnection lines  70  may be provided to connect the die  40  to the package substrate  10 . 
         [0050]    Referring to  FIG. 16 , a protection layer  72  may be formed on the interconnection lines  70  and the insulating layer  26  (in S 80 ). In some embodiments, the protection layer  72  may be the same material as the insulating layer  26 . The protection layer  72  may be formed of or include a dielectric polyimide material with a photo-imageable property. The protection layer  72  may be pressed on the interconnection lines  70  and the insulating layer  26  by a second roll  73 . 
         [0051]    Referring to  FIGS. 1, 17, and 18 , second contact holes  74  may be formed (in S 90 ). The second contact holes  74  may be formed to expose portions of the interconnection lines  70 . 
         [0052]    Referring to  FIG. 17 , a fourth light  56  may be irradiated onto portions of the protection layer  72  provided on the interconnection lines  70 . The fourth light  56  may be the same as the second light  54 . A fraction or all of the fourth light  56  may be an ultraviolet light, for example, whose wavelength is about 436 nm, about 248 nm, or about 193 nm. In some embodiments, the fourth light  56  may be provided through a photolithography process and may be used to form second portions  75  in the protection layer  72 . The second portions  75  may be formed by the same process as that for the first portions  27 . 
         [0053]    Referring to  FIG. 18 , the second portions  75  of the protection layer  72  may be removed to partially expose the interconnection lines  70 . The second portions  75  may have hydrophilicity. The second portions  75  may be removed by a fourth developing solution. The fourth developing solution may contain an alkaline solution. 
         [0054]    Referring to  FIG. 19 , bumps  80  may be formed in the second contact holes  74  and on the interconnection lines  70  (in S 100 ). In some embodiments, the bumps  80  may be formed on the encapsulation layer  50  and at positions beyond the die  40 . Alternatively, the bumps  80  may be formed on the die  40  or the package substrate  10 . The number of the bumps  80  may increase in proportional to an area of the package substrate  10 . The bumps may be formed of a conductive, metallic material. In one embodiment, they are solder bumps. 
         [0055]      FIGS. 22 and 23  are sectional views exemplarily illustrating the step S 20  of providing the package substrate  10  and the die  40 , shown in  FIG. 1 . 
         [0056]    Referring to  FIGS. 1, 22, and 23 , the die  40  and the package substrate  10  may be sequentially provided on the carrier tape film  20  (in S 20 ). For example, the die  40  may be provided on the carrier tape film  20 , and then, the package substrate  10  may be provided on the carrier tape film  20 . 
         [0057]    Referring to  FIG. 22 , the die  40  may be provided on the insulating layer  26  on the carrier tape film  20 . For example, a picker may be used to press the die  40  on the insulating layer  26  of the carrier tape film  20  at a predetermined position. 
         [0058]    Referring to  FIG. 23 , the package substrate  10  may be provided on the insulating layer  26 . In some embodiments, the cavity  16  may be aligned with the die  40 , and then, the package substrate  10  may be pressed on the carrier tape film  20 . The insulating layer  26  and the package substrate  10  may be bonded to each other. 
         [0059]      FIGS. 24 and 25  are sectional views exemplarily illustrating the step S 50  of reducing an adhesive strength, shown in  FIG. 1 . 
         [0060]    Referring to  FIGS. 1, 24, and 25 , the step S 50  of reducing the adhesive strength may include heating the adhesive layer  24   a . This may be in addition to, or as an alternative, to the method using light described previously. For example, the adhesive layer  24   a  may be heated to a temperature higher than the room temperature. For example, the adhesive layer  24   a  may be heated to a temperature of about 60° C.-150° C. 
         [0061]    Referring to  FIG. 24 , the adhesive layer  24   a  of the carrier tape film  20   a  may include an adhesive  23  and beads  25 . The adhesive  23  may be used to bond the tape substrate  22  with the insulating layer  26 . For example, the adhesive  23  may be formed of or include a thermosetting resin adhesive containing at least one of epoxy resin, silicone resin, polyurethane resin, polyester resin, urea resin, furan resin, resorcinol resin, or phenol resin. In exemplary embodiments, the adhesive  23  may be formed of or include a thermoplastic resin adhesive containing polyacetic acidvinyl, polyvinylalcohol, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl butyral, polyacrylic acid ester, or nitrocellulose. The beads  25  may be formed in the adhesive  23 . 
         [0062]    Referring to  FIG. 25 , the adhesive layer  24   a  may be heated. In some embodiments, the beads  25  may be expanded by heat  58 . The adhesive layer  24   a  may have an increased thickness. A distance between the insulating layer  26  and the tape substrate  22  may also be increased. The adhesive  23  may be separated from the insulating layer  26  due to the expansion of the beads  25 . In some embodiments, the beads  25  may include polystyrene beads. 
         [0063]    Thereafter, the adhesive layer  24   a  and the tape substrate  22  may be detached from the insulating layer  26 . Although not shown, a cleaning process may be performed on the adhesive  23  remaining on the insulating layer  26 . 
         [0064]    As described above, in a package fabrication method according to some embodiments of the inventive concept, a package substrate, a die, and an encapsulation layer may be formed on an insulating layer of a carrier tape film, and then, an adhesive layer and a tape substrate of the carrier tape film may be removed from the insulating layer. The insulating layer may protect the encapsulation layer, when the adhesive layer is removed. Accordingly, it is possible to prevent the encapsulation layer from being damaged. 
         [0065]    While example embodiments of the inventive concepts have been particularly shown and described, it will be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that variations in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the attached claims.