Abstract:
A heat therapy device, in particular an incubator, for treating newborn children, has a bordered lying surface ( 4 ) freely accessible from above for accommodating a newborn child. A hood ( 18 ) can be moved between a closed position in which the bordered lying surface ( 4 ) is covered and an open exposed bordered lying surface position. A radiation heater ( 16 ) is suspended from a support structure ( 8 ) and is directed at the surface ( 4 ), in such a way that, after the movement from the closed position to the open position, the end ( 18   b ) of the hood facing the support structure ( 8 ) lies vertically at least at the height of the radiation heater ( 16 ) and lies horizontally further from the support structure ( 8 ) than the radiation heater, such that the hood ( 18 ) assumes a position outside of a radiation cone ( 16   a ) from the radiation heater ( 16 ) onto the lying surface ( 4 ).

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application is a United States National Phase application of International Application PCT/EP2013/055845 filed Mar. 20, 2013 and claims the benefit of priority under 35 U.S.C. §119 of German Patent Application DE 10 2012 006 204.4 filed Mar. 27, 2012, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. 
     
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    The present invention pertains to a thermotherapy device, especially an incubator, for the treatment of newborns with a bordered reclining surface which is freely accessible from above for receiving a newborn, with a hood that is movable between a closed position covering the reclining surface and an open position exposing the reclining surface, and with a radiant heater suspended from a support structure, directed toward the reclining surface. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0003]    Such a thermotherapy device is known, for example, from DE 20 2005 021 580 U1. The prior-art thermotherapy device has a hood which is vertically movably suspended from a support structure. Further, a radiant heater, which is directed toward the reclining surface, is mounted on the support structure. In the open position of the hood, this hood still lies vertically below the radiant heater. The hood is partly transparent for IR radiation, such that heat radiation directed toward the reclining surface by the radiant heater can irradiate IR-transparent parts of the hood and can thus reach the reclining surface. A continuous feed of heat can be achieved with this device, i.e., the radiant heater can operate without interruption, while the hood is moved from the closed position into the open position or vice versa. However, the heat radiation from the radiant heater is nevertheless weakened when passing through the partly IR-transparent hood. The material for the IR-transparent areas is very expensive, on the one hand, and the IR-transparent areas can only be integrated into the hood with difficulty, on the other hand. 
         [0004]    Another thermotherapy device is known from U.S. Pat. No. 6,231,499 B1. Here, the hood is moved upwards via an electric linear drive, as a result of which the opening process has a relatively long duration. The radiant heater is integrated within the hood. For safety reasons, it only switches on when the hood is moved fully up, and must be immediately switched off again when moving the hood down and must be covered by means of a hinged cover in order to protect the baby from the radiator which is still very hot at this point in time. A simultaneous heating of the hood in the closed state, for example, for avoiding condensation from steam on the inner wall of the hood and for avoiding radiation losses of the baby, is not possible. 
         [0005]    A thermotherapy device with fixed heating radiator and with a flap in the hood, which must be open in order to be able to radiate the child unhindered with the hood being open, is known from U.S. Pat. No. 7,282,022. This requires complicated mechanics. In addition, the full heat radiation reaches the infant only with the hood raised up and with the flap being open. 
         [0006]    Another thermotherapy device is known from U.S. Pat. No. 5,971,914 B1. Here, two hood parts, separated in length, are carried by the radiant heater, whereby both hood parts are folded upwards when opening. The radiant heater can be moved up and be swung to the side for X-ray examinations. The position of the hood and the position of the radiant heater interfere with the access to the patient in the open state. 
         [0007]    A thermotherapy device, in which a hood, which can be swung backwards out of the way, can be swung backwards about a pivot axis lying at the head end of the thermotherapy device, is known from WO 2009/073693. By swinging the hood behind the head end of the patient, the radiant heater must be arranged at a considerable height above the reclining surface, which has an effect on the mechanical stability and transportability of the thermotherapy device. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0008]    An object of the present invention is to provide an improved thermotherapy device, which makes possible an operation of the radiant heater both in the closed position and in the open position of the hood. 
         [0009]    According to the present invention, provisions are made for the hood to be suspended from the support structure, such that, after moving from the closed position into the open position, it lies with its end facing toward the support structure vertically at least at the height of the radiant heater and horizontally further removed from the support structure than this, such that the hood assumes a position outside of a radiation cone of the radiant heater on the reclining surface. The hood is thus brought to the reclining surface from the ray path of the radiant heater, as a result of which neither a flap in the hood nor IR-transparent materials are needed. 
         [0010]    The suspension of the hood from the support structure is preferably embodied, such that, in the open position of the hood, its end facing away from the support structure lies higher than the end facing toward it. Consequently, the accessibility of the reclining surface is improved. 
         [0011]    The end of the hood facing toward the support structure is preferably led by means of a coupling mechanism on a circular path about a center of rotation at the fastening of the coupling mechanism to the support structure. The hood can thus be brought by means of a simple, fast movement from the closed position into the open position and vice versa. 
         [0012]    The coupling mechanism between the support structure and the hood can preferably be designed as a four-membered gear mechanism with two rocker arms (four-bar linkage). As an alternative, the coupling mechanism between the support structure and the hood can be designed as a redundant five-membered gear mechanism with three rocker arms. 
         [0013]    As an alternative, the hood can be pivotably suspended from the support structure by means of a coupling mechanism, which is characterized in that an angular positioning of the hood in relation to the reclining surface associated with the movement of the hood from the closed position into the open position is brought about by means of a chain drive or a positive-locking toothed belt drive coupled to a rocker arm with a chain wheel or toothed belt pulley rigidly connected with the hood and a chain wheel or toothed belt pulley rigidly connected with the support structure. Preferably, a device is then provided for tensioning the chain drive or toothed belt drive. 
         [0014]    The support structure is preferably designed as a central column and the coupling mechanism between the support structure and the hood is mounted on the support structure on only one side. On the side opposite the coupling mechanism, operating components, which are installed in the central column (e.g., display and operating unit, emergency respiration unit) are then freely accessible. 
         [0015]    One of the rocker arms or the rocker arm can preferably be designed as a housing which is closed on all sides, which encloses the other components of the gear mechanism. 
         [0016]    Means are preferably provided for the manual opening and closing of the hood or a drive is provided for opening and closing the hood. For the manual opening, a handle can be arranged on the periphery of the hood on both sides in the area of the hood facing toward the support structure. 
         [0017]    As an alternative or in addition, an actuator or a motor, which attaches at the center of rotation between the coupling mechanism and the support structure, is provided for bringing about a rotary movement. 
         [0018]    Electrical end position sensors, which detect the open position and closed position of the hood, are preferably present. For example, the end position sensors are designed as sensors, Hall sensors or as light barriers. 
         [0019]    In a preferred embodiment, the coupling mechanism is equipped with a spring and/or absorber mechanism. 
         [0020]    It is advantageous when the spring and/or absorber mechanism is embodied, such that the hood is moved into the closed position, as long as the hood is swung out of the closed position by less than a threshold value, and it is moved into the fully open position, as soon as the hood is swung out of the closed position by more than the threshold value. 
         [0021]    The spring and/or absorber mechanism is preferably integrated into the rocker arm embodied as a housing and is enclosed by same. 
         [0022]    The spring and/or absorber mechanism is preferably arranged between at least one rocker arm and the support structure and/or between two rocker arms. In this case, the spring and/or absorber mechanism may have a gas-pressurized spring. 
         [0023]    The positioning of the hood can preferably be adjusted via a clamp enclosing a bolt, both in the axial direction of the bolt and in its angular position in relation to the reclining surface. 
         [0024]    The present invention is described below on the basis of exemplary embodiments in the drawings. The various features of novelty which characterize the invention are pointed out with particularity in the claims annexed to and forming a part of this disclosure. For a better understanding of the invention, its operating advantages and specific objects attained by its uses, reference is made to the accompanying drawings and descriptive matter in which preferred embodiments of the invention are illustrated. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0025]    In the drawings: 
           [0026]      FIG. 1  is a schematic side view of a thermotherapy device with the hood in the closed position in solid lines and the hood in the open position in broken lines; 
           [0027]      FIG. 2  is partial side views of a thermotherapy device in the closed and open positions, whereby an exemplary embodiment of the coupling mechanism from  FIG. 1  is shown; 
           [0028]      FIG. 3  is an exploded view of the coupling mechanism from  FIG. 2 ; 
           [0029]      FIG. 4  is a partial side view of a thermotherapy device with a lifting arm with a toothed belt or chain drive; 
           [0030]      FIG. 5  is a schematic partial side view of a motor drive and electrical sensors for detecting the end positions; and 
           [0031]      FIG. 6  is a schematic view of a thermotherapy device from above with adjustable hood suspension. 
       
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
       [0032]    Referring to the drawings in particular, the thermotherapy device  2  in  FIG. 1  has a bordered reclining surface  4 , which can receive a newborn lying on the reclining surface. The reclining surface  4  is supported by a horizontal support structure  6 , to which a vertical support structure  8  is in turn fastened. The horizontal support structure  6  is connected via a lifting column  10  with a horizontal base  12 , which in turn is provided with rollers  14  for the transport of the thermotherapy device. 
         [0033]    A radiant heater  16 , which is aligned such that a radiation cone, of the radiant heater  16 , falls on the bordered reclining surface  4 , is suspended at the top from the support structure  8 , which is located at the head end of the bordered reclining surface  4 .  FIG. 1  shows the open position of the hood  18  in broken lines, while the hood  18  in the closed position is shown with solid lines. 
         [0034]    The coupling mechanism of the hood  18  to the support structure  8  is embodied here as a four-bar linkage with two rocker arms  20 ,  22 , such that, when swinging from the closed position of the hood  18  shown with solid lines into the open position shown with broken lines, the hood  18  is brought into an oblique position, such that its end  18   a  lying removed from the support structure  8  lies vertically higher than the end  18   b  facing toward the support structure  8 . The gear mechanism member  24  is rigidly connected with the support structure  8  and the gear mechanism member  26  is rigidly connected with the hood  18 . If the lengths of the gear mechanism members  20  and  22  as well as the lengths of the gear mechanism members  24  and  26  were each identical, then they would form a parallelogram gear mechanism and bring about a simple shifting of the hood  18 . Actually, the lengths of the gear mechanism members  20  and  22  or  24  and  26  are all slightly different in the embodiment shown in order to achieve the described oblique position of the hood  18  when opening. This design of the gear mechanism for the hood opening according to the present invention is used to improve the accessibility for the care staff as well as for an X-ray apparatus or the like. 
         [0035]    An optional third rocker arm  28  leads theoretically to a static redundancy of the gear mechanism, but is used for stiffening in the practical embodiment, while unfavorable states of the mechanism in the vicinity of dead centers are avoided. The thus expanded gear mechanism can then be designed as a five-membered mechanism instead of as a four-membered mechanism. 
         [0036]    The movement of the hood  18  from the closed position into the open position and vice versa can be supported by means of a spring-absorber element  30 , for example, a gas-pressurized spring, which, for example, acts between the support structure  8  and the gear mechanism member  22 . Instead of this, the spring-absorber mechanism could also act between the support structure  8  and the gear mechanism member  20  or  28  or even between two of the gear mechanism members  20 ,  22  or  28 . In this way, the hood  18  can be moved from the closed position into the open position and vice versa with a movement requiring less force, whereby the spring mechanism is designed, compared with the own weight of the hood  18 , such that the hood  18  is automatically pulled into the fully open position when opening, as soon as a predetermined degree of swinging is exceeded, and is closed automatically when closing, as soon as a predetermined degree of swinging is fallen below. 
         [0037]    The radiant heater  16  is mounted at the top on the support structure  8  and aligned, such that the hood  18 , in its open position, does not hinder the ray path  16   a  of the radiant heater on the reclining surface  4 . 
         [0038]    In this way, it is especially possible for the radiant heater  16  to operate during the closed operation, i.e., with the hood  18  closed, in order to thus heat the hood  18 , if necessary, in order to prevent condensations on the inner surface of the hood  18 . Moreover, it is possible for the radiant heater  16  to be already brought to its operating temperature before the opening of the hood  18 , and the hood is then only opened, when the radiant heater  16  can immediately produce the desired heat output on the reclining surface. In the state of the art, in which the radiant heater can be switched on only after opening the hood, a transition time, in which the radiant heater comes to its operating temperature, could pass by, in which the patient is not sufficiently supplied with heat. This problem is overcome by the design according to the present invention, since the radiant heater ( 16 ) can be brought to its operating temperature before the hood  18  is open. 
         [0039]      FIG. 2  shows a partial view of a thermotherapy device with the hood  18  in the closed position (top) and in the open position (bottom), which represents a structural exemplary embodiment of the opening mechanism for the hood  18  described in  FIG. 1 . The coupling mechanism comprises a first rocker arm  20  designed as a housing (designated as lifting arm below), a second rocker arm  22  and a third rocker arm  28 , a connecting link  24  to the support structure  8 , a connecting link  26  to the hood  18  as well as a gas-pressurized spring  30 , which acts between the connecting link  24  and the rocker arm  28 . Both rocker arms  22  and  28  as well as the gas-pressurized spring  30  are installed in the lifting arm  20 . The lifting arm  20  as well as the rocker arms  22  and  28  installed in it have an angular shape in the exemplary embodiment, which runs partly parallel to the support structure  8  when the hood is closed. As a result of this, for example, the access to a display and operating unit  32  arranged centrally in the support structure  8  is facilitated. 
         [0040]      FIG. 3  shows an exploded view of the above-described exemplary embodiment of the coupling mechanism. The lifting arm is closed with a cover  34 , such that the mechanism is completely enclosed, which reduces the risk of injury and facilitates hygiene. 
         [0041]    An alternative embodiment of the coupling mechanism of the hood is shown in  FIG. 4 . In the lifting arm  20 , which is likewise designed as an angular housing, a chain wheel or a toothed belt pulley  36 , called first pinion below, is rigidly connected with the support structure  8 . The opposite chain wheel or toothed belt pulley  38 , called second pinion below, is rigidly connected with the hood  18 . A chain or toothed belt  40  is led about the first and second pinions  36 ,  38  and by means of a deflecting means  42  in order to adapt the mechanism to the shape of the lifting arm  20 . The deflecting means  42  may also be used for adjusting the chain prestress or toothed belt prestress, e.g., via a tensioning screw  44 . The rigid gear mechanism member, here the lifting arm  20 , is coupled to the chain drive or toothed belt drive in such a way that it leads the second pinion  38  and thus the end of the hood  18  facing toward the support structure on a circular path. The chain or toothed belt  40  proceeds via the first pinion  36  and determines the position of the hood  18  in relation to a horizontal plane by means of the angular movement transmitted to the second pinion  38 . The second pinion  38  is preferably somewhat larger than the first pinion  36 , which, during the opening, brings about an oblique position of the hood  18  in the same desired manner as shown in  FIGS. 1 and 2 . 
         [0042]    In case of a manual operation of the coupling mechanism for the hood  18 , a handle  46  is preferably mounted on each side of the hood  18 , which is arranged laterally on the end of the hood  18  facing toward the support structure  8 . Thus, when swinging the hood  18  open, the operator must not follow the end lying higher than the end position on the side of the hood  18   a  facing away from the support structure  8 . Furthermore, the positioning of the handle at the end of the hood  18  facing toward the support structure also leads to a point of applied force placed favorably in relation to the coupling mechanism. This handle arrangement is just as advantageous in an embodiment of the mechanism according  FIGS. 1 through 3 . 
         [0043]    A support of the manual operation by means of a spring-absorber mechanism, not shown in  FIG. 4 , as was described above, is also useful in this exemplary embodiment; it can advantageously be arranged between the support structure  8  and the lifting arm  20 . 
         [0044]      FIG. 5  schematically shows an alternative concept, in which the hood is opened and closed via a motor drive rather than manually. A motor  48  initiates its torque preferably at the center of rotation of the lifting arm  20  connected with the support structure  8 . To keep the torque small, the weight of the hood  18  may also be at least partly compensated here, e.g., by means of a spring and/or absorber mechanism, e.g., a gas-pressurized spring  30 . In this case, it depends mainly on the spring action, since the velocity of motion can be controlled by controlling the motor. 
         [0045]    Both in the motor and the manual drive of the hood opening, the control software of the device must obtain information, in which position the hood is presently located. At least the three states, open, closed and an intermediate position, can be distinguished from one another via two end position sensors  50  designed as sensors in this exemplary embodiment. Instead, or in addition, an angle-measuring means can be provided, which provides more accurate information about the position of the mechanism. 
         [0046]    In a preferred embodiment, the hood can be connected with the coupling mechanism via a clamp connection as shown in  FIG. 6 . A part of a clamp  52  is rigidly integrated into the hood  18 , the other part of the clamp  54  is screwed to the first part  52  and locks the bolt  56 , which, according to the embodiment, is rigidly connected with the connecting link  26  or the second pinion  38 . By means of this mechanism, the hood  18  can be adjusted during assembly both in the transverse direction and in its angular position to the reclining surface  4  in order to thus balance tolerances in the total structure of the device. Thus, the hood  18  can be positioned as accurately as possible to the bordered reclining surface  4  in the closed state, which, for example, is advantageous for sealing between the hood parts. In addition,  FIG. 6  shows a preferred arrangement of the coupling mechanism, while the lifting arm  20  is arranged laterally on the centrally arranged support structure  8 . 
         [0047]    While specific embodiments of the invention have been shown and described in detail to illustrate the application of the principles of the invention, it will be understood that the invention may be embodied otherwise without departing from such principles.