Abstract:
A method for producing frozen oysters on the half shell, which comprises the steps of freezing live oysters in their shells, so that the oysters hinges will break open; subjecting the frozen oysters to a water treatment to promote disengagement of the oysters&#39; flesh from one thin shell; and percussing the water treated oysters, so that at least one shell will be knocked off.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0001]    The present invention relates to oysters, and more particularly, a method for producing frozen oysters on the half shell. 
       BACKGROUND 
       [0002]    Frozen half shell oysters started becoming popular in 2001, 2002. They do not spoil and require no shuckers at restaurants to open. Traditionally, to produce frozen half shell oysters each live oyster must be opened one at a time (shucked) by hand, using many workers with sharp knifes or grinders. This is a very labor intense process, having to use skilled workers and is expensive. Once the oysters are opened on the half shell they are quick frozen using small co2 or nitrogen tunnel freezers. Then they are sold to restaurants and food establishments for easy to eat half shell oysters. The inventors have also identified a problem with conventional frozen oyster processing methods, i.e., that the frozen oysters are often not presentable. The shucking and freezing process causes tears in the oyster flesh and also the oyster sits crooked with respect to the shell. Also, the oysters tend to loose their natural juice in conventional processing methods. 
         [0003]    U.S. Pat. No. 3,037,237 issued on Jun. 5, 1963, to Lapeyre et al. teaches in a machine for shucking oysters, a rotary tumbling drum adapted to receive oysters at one end and having veins therein for lifting the oysters and dropping the same at a high portion of the drum incident to its rotation, and an anvil mounted within the drum but non-rotary with respect to the drum and located to receive the impact of the dropped oysters, the anvil composed of two downwardly divergent plates from a central narrow ridge. The inventors have identified that the process in the &#39;151 patent results in damage to the oyster flesh making the oysters unappetizing to the eye of the consumer. 
         [0004]    U.S. Pat. No. 3,605,180 issued on Sep. 20, 1971, to Harris et al. teaches an invention that pertains to shucking fresh bivalves and it encompasses both an apparatus and method which removes rapidly, and without damage, the edible portion of the bivalve. The invention consists of removing a portion of the shells of the bivalve (preferably after some of the fluids contained in the bivalve cavity have been eliminated particularly in the case of oysters), thereafter severing muscles of the bivalve which connect the meat to the shells, and finally separating the meat and the shells, and the apparatus for accomplishing the foregoing operation. The invention pertains to bivalves in general but is especially useful in the shucking of oysters and clams. 
         [0005]    U.S. Pat. No. 5,059,151 issued on Oct. 22, 1991, to Kiczek teaches a method and apparatus for opening a mollusk (e.g., oyster) by rapidly cooling the mollusk to a surface temperature of about −100.degree. F. followed by mechanically agitating the mollusk whereby the mollusk shell opens and at least one eye of the mollusk meat is detached from the shell. Subsequent to cooling and prior to agitating, the mollusk can be rapidly immersed in a water bath to raise the surface temperature of the mollusk to no more than about −50.degree. F. Individually quick frozen mollusk meat can be prepared rapidly either as an individual portion of meat or on the half shell. The inventors have identified that the process in the &#39;151 patent results in damage to the oyster flesh making the oysters unappetizing to the eye of the consumer. 
         [0006]    U.S. Pat. No. 6,143,343 issued on Nov. 7, 2000, to Wilson teaches a process and device for reducing the harmful affects of bacterial contamination in seafood products via freezing the seafood products and maintaining them in cold storage. The process and device features an ice glazing step in which the raw product is sealed in a thin layer of ice. This layer of ice serves to preserve the raw product&#39;s original taste during the cold storage. 
         [0007]    It is apparent now that different ways of shucking oysters are present in the prior art that are adequate for various purposes. However, the aforementioned references do not disclose the elements of the embodiments of the present invention and fail to contemplate the unique and advantageous aspects of various embodiments of the invention. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0008]    One embodiment of the present invention provides a method for producing frozen oysters on the half shell that is simple to implement. 
         [0009]    Another embodiment of the present invention provides a method for producing frozen oysters on the half shell, which includes the steps of freezing live oysters in their shells, so that the oysters hinges will break open; subjecting one shell, or both shells of the frozen oysters to a water treatment, so as to promote disengagement of the oyster&#39;s flesh from their thin shells; and percussing the water treated oysters, so that at least one of their shells will be knocked off. In a more specific embodiment, one side of the oyster is predominantly treated with water and it is this predominantly treated shell that knocks off by percussion. 
         [0010]    According to another embodiment, the invention pertains to a system that comprises a cryogenic freezing apparatus for freezing oysters to an appropriate temperature in order to crack the hinge of the oyster, a water tunnel that subjects the oysters to a water treatment (spray or shower) predominantly on one side of the oyster at a predetermined time; and an inclined percussing apparatus. Oysters are delivered to and dropped onto the inclined percussing apparatus which causes the oyster shell given the water treatment to knock off the oyster. In a specific embodiment, the freezing apparatus freezes the oysters by subjecting them to a gas at −120 degrees F. below zero. The system also comprises a water tunnel in which the oysters, once frozen, are subjected to a spray of water. In a more specific embodiment, the oysters are turned flat side up, and then subjected to a water spray that contacts the flat side of the oyster for a predetermined amount of time. A conveyor carries the oysters from the freezing apparatus to the water tunnel. The system also includes an inclined percussing apparatus. The inclined apparatus may be inclined at an angle of between 10 degrees to 80 degrees and all integers in between, respective to the horizontal axis. In a specific embodiment, the angle is between 20 and 60 degrees and all integers in between. In a more specific embodiment, the angle is between 30 and 50 degrees or between 35 and 45 degrees, and all integers in between. In a precise embodiment, the incline angle is 40 degrees. A conveyor carries the oysters out of the tunnel and to a precipice where the oysters are dropped onto the inclined apparatus. The percussion of the shell onto the inclined apparatus causes the flat shell side of the oyster to knock off leaving intact and well-shaped frozen oyster meat remaining on the round shell side of the oyster. The system also comprises a glazing tunnel that sprays the oyster meat with a salt solution which then immediately freezes onto the oyster meat. The salt solution glaze preserves the oyster meat. 
         [0011]    The integrity of the oyster flesh achieved by the methods and systems described herein is exceptionally high. The oyster flesh maintains the geometrical shape it possessed immediately prior to removal of one of its shells. In one embodiment, the flesh of the shucked oyster, retains 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, or 100 percent of the geometrical shape of the oyster flesh possessed immediately prior to removal of the one shell. 
         [0012]    The novel features which are considered characteristics of certain embodiments of the present invention are set forth in the appended claims. Embodiments of the invention relating to construction and method of operation embodiments, together with additional advantages thereof, will be best understood from the following description of the specific embodiments when read and understood in connection with the accompanying drawings. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0013]    The figures of the drawings are briefly described as follows: 
           [0014]      FIG. 1  is a diagrammatic perspective view showing the various steps of the present invention; 
           [0015]      FIG. 2  is a diagrammatic elevational view taken in the direction of arrow  3  in  FIG. 2  of a portion thereof; 
           [0016]      FIG. 3  is a diagrammatic elevational view taken in the direction of arrow  4  in  FIG. 2  of a portion thereof; and 
           [0017]      FIG. 4  is a diagrammatic elevational view taken in the direction of arrow  5  in  FIG. 2  of a portion thereof. 
           [0018]      FIG. 5  is a diagrammatic representation of a flowchart of an embodiment of the present invention; 
       
    
    
     REFERENCE NUMERALS UTILIZED IN THE DRAWINGS 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0019]    Referring now to the figures, in which like numerals indicate like parts, and particularly to  FIGS. 1 through 5 , which are a diagrammatic representation of a flowchart of an embodiment of the present invention; a diagrammatic view showing the complete structure of the present invention; a diagrammatic elevational view taken in the direction of arrow  3  in  FIG. 2  of a portion thereof; a diagrammatic elevational view taken in the direction of arrow  4  in  FIG. 2  of a portion thereof; and a diagrammatic elevational view taken in the direction of arrow  5  in  FIG. 2  of a portion thereof, and as such, will be discussed with reference thereto. 
         [0020]    Turning first to  FIG. 1 , a system embodiment is shown that comprises a cryogenic freezing apparatus  212  for freezing oysters  208  to an appropriate temperature in order to crack the hinge of the oyster. Oysters are loaded onto a first portion of a conveyor  213  which carries fresh live oysters  208  into the freezing apparatus  212 . Frozen oysters  214  are transported out of the freezing apparatus  212  via a conveyor second portion  215 . The second portion  215  is accessible thereby allowing users to turn the oysters flat side up. Alternatively, the oysters are turned flat side up before entering the freezing apparatus  212 . The frozen oysters  214  are transported to a water tunnel  216  that subjects the oysters to a water treatment (spray or shower) predominantly on one side of the oyster at a predetermined time. In an alternative embodiment, the water treatment is substituted by another form of thermal treatment such as heated gas (e.g. heated air) or an oven (e.g. oven having a heating element or some other means of dispensing localized heat). A third conveyor portion  217  transports the frozen oysters  214  from the water tunnel  216  to a precipice  218 . The frozen oysters  214  are dropped over the precipice  218  and dropped onto an inclined percussing apparatus  219 . Dropping onto the inclined percussing apparatus  219  causes the oyster shell given the water treatment (e.g. flat shell) to knock off. The opened, frozen oysters  220  are delivered to a fourth conveyor portion  221  whereby personnel turn them with the meat facing up. The opened, frozen oysters are transported to a glazing tunnel  222  which showers the oysters with a salt solution. Because the oysters are still at extremely cold temperatures, the salt solution freezes over the opened, frozen oysters  220  thereby creating a protective glaze. A fifth conveyor portion  227  transports glazed oysters  229  from the glazing tunnel  222  to a removing area. 
         [0021]      FIG. 2  shows a side view of the first conveyor portion  213  with fresh oysters  208  thereon, the freezing apparatus  212  and second conveyor portion  215 . The frozen oysters  214  are turned flat side up before entering the water tunnel as shown in  FIG. 3 . 
         [0022]      FIG. 3  shows a side view of the second conveyor portion  215 , the water tunnel  216 , the third conveyor portion  217 , the precipice  218  and the inclined percussing apparatus  219 . The frozen oysters  214  are treated with water via spray nozzle  231 . The third conveyor portion  217  transports the oysters from the water tunnel  216  to precipice  218  whereby the oysters fall onto the inclined percussing apparatus  219  causing the flat shell  232  to knock off from the round shell  233  and oyster meat  234 . The round shell and oyster meat provide open, frozen oysters  220 . 
         [0023]      FIG. 4  shows a side view of the fourth conveyor portion  221 , glazing tunnel  222  and fifth conveyor portion  227 . The opened frozen oysters  220  are transported to the glazing tunnel  222  and subjected to a salt solution  237  via spray nozzle  239 . The salt solution  237  freezes over the opened frozen oysters  220  to form glazed oysters  229 . 
         [0024]    Turning to  FIG. 5 , a flowchart of a method embodiment  10  for producing frozen oysters on the half shell is shown. 
         [0025]    In a first step  12  live oysters in the shell, (not opened, not shucked) are placed in a nitrogen tunnel freezer where liquid nitrogen is released through a series of manifolds and then jet sprays. The liquid nitrogen is −320 degrees below zero as a liquid. When the liquid nitrogen is released in the tunnel it turns into a super cold gas and causes the oysters to become frozen. 
         [0026]    The live oysters in the shells travel on a first conveyor at a speed of 3.15 feet per minute at a temperature of −120 degrees below zero. Total time in the tunnel is 5.54 minutes. In this first step the oysters become completely frozen and pressure from water expansion in the shells causes the hinges in the back of the oysters to break open. 
         [0027]    Failure test in step one. Live oysters placed in the same tunnel at −100 degrees below zero for the same time will not cause the hinges in the back of the oysters to break. Many tests with many different temperatures and times have resulted in failure. In addition, live oysters that travel at the same speed at −150 degrees will cause the hinges to break open, but the meat once thawed is so completely damaged it is un-salable. 
         [0028]    In a second step  14  the oysters exit the tunnel with an outside shell temperature of −60 to −80 degrees as they move onto a second conveyor. Alternatively, the oysters are put in a freezer for a period of time to allow oysters to acclimate at a desired temperature. In a specific embodiment, the oysters are put in a freezer (typically at −4 to 4 degrees, or normally a zero degree freezer) for 12-48 hours. The inventor has found that the oyster meat tends to break apart if not enough acclimation time is provided. 
         [0029]    In a third step  16 , after acclimation, oysters are placed on a conveyor and are turned facing in an up position. The up position is the thin side of the oyster up and the cup side of the oyster down. 
         [0030]    In a fourth step  18  the oysters ride on the second conveyor with the shells turned up. 
         [0031]    In a fifth step  20  the oysters now frozen in their original shells and all near 0 degrees and facing up enter into a water tunnel that sprays the top shells with water. The temperature of the water is 65 to 70 degrees. The oysters remain in this tunnel for 1 minute 15 seconds to 1 minute 20 seconds depending on the size of the oysters being produced. The inventor has found that too little time in the water tunnel will result in a failure of the top shells to come off, with broken oyster meats. Too long will cause thawed not frozen half shell oysters. 
         [0032]    In a sixth step  22  the oysters exit the water tunnel an immediately fall from the second conveyor for a distance of 5 feet onto a stainless steel plate that is ⅜ of an inch thick and setting at an angle of 40 degrees. In this step, one of the two abductor muscles that holds the shells on will fail and release one shell from the oysters. Thermal shock has occurred in this step. Only one of two shells will release leaving perfect frozen half shell oysters. 
         [0033]    In a seventh step  24  the oysters will fall onto a third conveyor that will bring them up to table level. The oysters continue to travel at this level and are turned up by hand so that the oysters with meat and one shell are exposed. 
         [0034]    In an eighth step  26  the frozen oysters on the half shell pass through another water tunnel where they are sprayed with a 32 degree light water spray containing 1-50 parts per thousand salt. The temperature of the oyster meat is 15 to 20 degrees allowing the water to freeze on the top meat. This allows a frozen water glaze to protect the meat from freezer burn and at the same time adding a flavor of salt. Salt flavor in half shell oysters is the most desired taste. 
         [0035]    In a ninth step  28  the oysters travel down the third conveyor. The oysters with meat and one shell exposed are taken from the third conveyor and placed in special plastic shaped trays that hold one dozen in the up position. The empty shells continue on and exit the building to a waste area. 
         [0036]    In a tenth step  30  the frozen half shell oysters in one dozen trays with the shells off and water glaze salt are packaged in a box that holds 10 dozen for shipment to restaurants around the country. 
         [0037]    It is apparent in view of the teachings herein that an embodiment of the invention is particularly useful for producing frozen oysters on the half shell. 
         [0038]    It will be understood that each of the steps described above, or two or more together, may also find a useful application in other types of constructions differing from the types described above. 
         [0039]    While the invention has been illustrated and described as an embodiment of a method for producing oysters on the half shell, accordingly it is not limited to the details shown, since it will be understood that various omissions, modifications, substitutions and changes in the forms and details the device illustrated and its operation can be made by those skilled in the art without departing in any way from the sprint of the present invention. The teachings of all of the references cited herein are incorporated by reference to the extent not inconsistent with the teachings herein.