Abstract:
A system and method for applying Power over Ethernet (PoE) to portable computing devices. Portable computing devices such as portable computers have unstable power profiles due to the wide variability in tasks that are undertaken by users. This unstable power profile makes it difficult for power source equipment (PSE) in a PoE system to effectively manage powering of those devices. In one embodiment, PoE power is used to augment a reservoir of charge (e.g., battery) that has a stable power profile. The reservoir of charge provides a charge buffer such that a PSE need not match the swings in power demands by electronic circuitry in the portable computing device.

Description:
BACKGROUND 
       [0001]    1. Field of the Invention 
         [0002]    The present invention relates generally to Power over Ethernet (PoE) and, more particularly, to a system and method for applying PoE to portable computing devices. 
         [0003]    2. Introduction 
         [0004]    The IEEE 802.3af and 802.3at PoE specifications provide a framework for delivery of power from power source equipment (PSE) to a powered device (PD) over Ethernet cabling. In this PoE process, a valid device detection is first performed. This detection process identifies whether or not it is connected to a valid device to ensure that power is not applied to non-PoE capable devices. After a valid PD is discovered, the PSE can optionally perform a power classification. The completion of this power classification process enables the PSE to manage the power that is delivered to the various PDs connected to the PSE. 
         [0005]    Managing PDs such as VoIP phones, wireless LAN access points, Bluetooth access points, and network cameras is one of the tasks of the PSE. In general, a PSE is designed to provide stable output power to a PD. The relative difficulty of this task is dependent on the behavior of the PD. For example, if the PD maintains a level power draw, then the PSE&#39;s task is relatively simply. If, on the other hand, the PD is susceptible to rapid power changes, then the dI/dt and dV/dt profiles are very difficult for the PSE controller to handle. An inability to handle such rapid power draw changes can then lead to a PSE&#39;s inability to support a class of network devices. What is needed therefore is mechanism for powering PDs having unstable and/or rapidly changing power profiles. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0006]    A system and/or method for applying PoE to portable computing devices, substantially as shown in and/or described in connection with at least one of the figures, as set forth more completely in the claims. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0007]    In order to describe the manner in which the above-recited and other advantages and features of the invention can be obtained, a more particular description of the invention briefly described above will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof which are illustrated in the appended drawings. Understanding that these drawings depict only typical embodiments of the invention and are not therefore to be considered limiting of its scope, the invention will be described and explained with additional specificity and detail through the use of the accompanying drawings in which: 
           [0008]      FIG. 1  illustrates an embodiment of a PoE system. 
           [0009]      FIG. 2  illustrates a simplified view of a PoE system. 
           [0010]      FIG. 3  illustrates an embodiment of an application of PoE to portable computing devices. 
           [0011]      FIG. 4  illustrates another embodiment of an application of PoE to portable computing devices. 
           [0012]      FIG. 5  illustrates a flowchart of a process for powering a portable computing device using PoE. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0013]    Various embodiments of the invention are discussed in detail below. While specific implementations are discussed, it should be understood that this is done for illustration purposes only. A person skilled in the relevant art will recognize that other components and configurations may be used without parting from the spirit and scope of the invention. 
         [0014]      FIG. 1  illustrates an embodiment of a power over Ethernet (PoE) system. As illustrated, the PoE system includes power source equipment (PSE)  120  that transmits power to powered device (PD)  140 . Power delivered by the PSE to the PD is provided through the application of a voltage across the center taps of transformers that are coupled to a transmit (TX) pair and a receive (RX) pair of wires carried within an Ethernet cable. The two TX and RX pairs enable data communication between Ethernet PHYs  110  and  130 . 
         [0015]    As is further illustrated in  FIG. 1 , PD  140  includes PoE module  142 . PoE module  142  includes the electronics that would enable PD  140  to communicate with PSE  120  in accordance with a PoE standard such as IEEE 802.3af, 802.3at, etc. PD  140  also includes pulse width modulation (PWM) DC:DC controller  144  that controls power FET  146 , which in turn provides constant power to load  150 . 
         [0016]      FIG. 2  illustrates a simplified view of a PoE system. In this illustration, PSE  210  is shown delivering power to PD  230 . In the LEEE 802.3af standard, PSE  210  can deliver up to 15.4 W of power to a plurality of PDs (only one PD is shown in  FIG. 2  for simplicity). In the IEEE 802.at specification, a PSE can deliver up to 30 W of power to a PD over 2-pairs or 60 W of power to a PD over 4-pairs. Other proprietary solutions can potentially deliver even higher levels of power to a PD. In general, high power solutions are often limited by the limitations of the cabling. 
         [0017]    As further illustrated in  FIG. 2 , PD  230  includes PoE module  232 . This module includes the electronics that would enable PD  230  to communicate with PSE  210  in accordance with the a PoE specification such as IEEE 802.3af, 802.3at, etc. PD  230  also includes power module  220 , which further includes a PWM controller  224  and power FET  226 . Power FET  226  is designed to produce output PoE power based on the power provided by PSE  210  over network cabling. In various embodiments, PWM controller  224  and power FET  226  can be incorporated in a single die, or can be on separate dies as part of a multi-chip module. 
         [0018]    As will become apparent in the following description, the principles of the present invention are not dependent on certain design choices of the power module. For example, power module  220  can be designed to include other types of controllers or power transistors. 
         [0019]    As noted, one of the responsibilities of PSE  210  is to manage the power that is supplied to PD  230 . If PD  230  is a relatively stable and/or predictable device (or operates within defined specifications) such as a wireless LAN access point, then the dI/dt and dV/dt profiles can be handled by PSE  210 . Not every PD, however, exhibits such controlled levels of power draw. For example, consider a portable computing device such as a portable computer. This portable computer can exhibit rapid changes in the power required to support its internal components. As would be appreciated, these internal components need not be uniform and can vary greatly between devices depending on the manufacturer and component suppliers. Moreover, power usage can be highly dependent on the application(s) running on the portable computer. In one operating state, the portable computer can be in relatively idle state or performing simple tasks such as word processing. In another operating state, the portable computer can be performing a variety of simultaneous tasks such as video encoding, disc burning, game playing, and even powering other USB devices. As would be appreciated, transitions between operating states such as those exemplified above, can be rapid and continual as the usage requirements of the portable computer change in accordance with the directives of the portable computer user. In general, these changes in operating state can be large and unpredictable, thereby resulting in an unstable power profile. Notwithstanding these unstable power profiles, there is significant value in being able to power portable computing devices via the network. 
         [0020]    Portable computing devices that are connected to enterprise networks are typically connected on a non-permanent basis. Consider, for example, a corporate conference room that has multiple Ethernet ports for conference participants. Here, conference participants will be connected to the Ethernet port for the duration of the conference. If the conference extends for multiple hours, most conference participants would need to power their portable computing device using an external AC adapter due to battery charges that have been depleted. Usage of these external AC adapters is inconvenient and cumbersome, and would be obviated if the portable computing device could be powered via the network. 
         [0021]    It is a feature of the present invention, that powering portable computing devices having unstable power profiles via a network can be accomplished by powering electronic circuitry in the portable computing device indirectly. As illustrated in  FIG. 2 , power FET  226  is used to generate PoE output power. Depending on the nature of the internal electronics within the PD, power conversion circuitry would also be used to perform rail conversions to deliver power to any number of loads that are designed to operate at a given voltage such as 5.0V, 3.3V, 2.5V, 1.8V, 1.5V, etc. 
         [0022]    The various loads can represent system components such as a motherboard, LCD screen, hard disk drive, optical drive, etc. As would be appreciated, the various loads within the portable computing device can be individually activated based on user-directed system usage. If these loads were driven directly by one or more power FETs  226 , then PSE  210  would need to account for the unstable power profile of PD  230 . By way of example, these “bad power profiles” have various disadvantages such as the following: (1) cause the PSE to disconnect the PD if the dV/dt or dI/dt goes out of the supported range; (2) impact data integrity (i.e., data transmission can start to see errors) because the transformers may not be “fully symmetric” meaning that there is DC-Resistance (DCR) and Inductance imbalance, such that transients will affect the data integrity; (3) due to the existence of two types of environments in IEEE (Environment A only requires port-to-ground isolation, while Environment B requires port-to-port isolation), many manufacturers can design a PSE for Environment A such that noise by one PD can make it through to the switch system power supply, other ports, or other places in the system; (4) the surge/transient can cause other ports to shut down (for example adjacent ports under environment A); (5) in addition to imbalance in the transformer, there is also imbalance in the cabling which will amplify the effect above; and (6) transients may cause the switch/device to no longer comply with safety and/or immunity specs such as EMI. 
         [0023]    In accordance with the present invention, the electronic circuitry of portable computing device is powered indirectly through the powering of a portable computing device component having a stable power profile. In general, this portable computing device component can represent a reservoir of power that provides a buffer between the PSE and the electronic circuitry of the portable computing device. This reservoir of power can act as a capacitive element that acts as a reservoir and dampens the transients downstream from it. In one embodiment, this reservoir of power is a rechargeable battery within the portable computing device. By powering the reservoir of power instead of the electronic circuitry, the PSE does not need to account for wide fluctuations in power draw based on changes in use. 
         [0024]      FIG. 3  illustrates an embodiment of a mechanism by which a PSE can charge a rechargeable battery in a portable computing device. As illustrated in  FIG. 3 , AC adapter  320  is designed to convert AC power from AC outlet  310  to DC power that can power electronic circuitry  370  in the portable computing device. As noted above, electronic circuitry  370  can also include power conversion circuitry that would perform rail conversions to deliver power to any number of loads that are designed to operate at a given voltage such as 5.0V, 3.3V, 2.5V, 1.8V, 1.5V, etc. 
         [0025]    The DC power that is generated by AC adapter  320  is delivered to regulation circuitry  330 , which can be designed to monitor and control the current drawn from AC adapter  320 . Regulation circuitry  330  then provides power to two different paths, one path destined for electronic circuitry  370  and one path destined to rechargeable battery  360 . Included in the latter path is battery charging circuitry  350 , which can be designed to monitor the current used to charge rechargeable battery  360 . Battery charging circuitry  350  can also be designed to cut off the provision of charging current to rechargeable battery  360  once it is determined that rechargeable battery  360  is fully charged. As further illustrated in  FIG. 3 , there is also a loopback from rechargeable battery  360  to switch  340 . Switch  340  is generally operative to power electronic circuitry  370  using power from either AC adapter  320  or from rechargeable battery  360 . 
         [0026]    In powering the portable computing device using PoE, power can be delivered directly to electronic circuitry  370 . As noted above, a disadvantage of this solution is that it would require the PSE to manage dI/dt and dV/dt behavior that may operate outside supported ranges. A further disadvantage is the possibility of having to repeat all of the 5.0V, 3.3V, 2.5V, 1.8V, 1.5V, etc. power rails separately. This solution would introduce undesired complexity along with the added expense. 
         [0027]    It is therefore a feature of the present invention that PoE power is tapped into battery charging circuitry  350 . In this manner, the PoE power supply would not need to account for wide fluctuations by the operation of the portable computing device. Instead, the PoE power supply would provide power solely to rechargeable battery  360 , whose power profile is much better known and controllable. 
         [0028]      FIG. 4  illustrates another embodiment of a mechanism by which a PSE can charge a rechargeable battery in a portable computing device. As illustrated in  FIG. 4 , AC adapter  420  is designed to convert AC power from a AC outlet  420 . Delivery of power to both electronic circuitry  480  and rechargeable battery  470  is under control of power management unit (PMU)  450 . While the specific functions of PMU  450  are dependent on the specific design of the battery charging circuit, PMU  450  can be generally responsible for controlling the relative delivery of power to both electronic circuitry  480  and rechargeable battery  470 . For example, PMU  450  can be designed to maximize the amount of power delivered to rechargeable battery  470  by monitoring the current drawn from AC adapter  420 . 
         [0029]    This monitoring can be effected through current control module  430 , which monitors and controls the total current used to power electronic circuitry  480  and rechargeable battery  470 . In one embodiment, PMU  450  can also monitor the current used to charge rechargeable battery  470  using current control module  460 . For example, as the current requirements of electronic circuitry  480  increases, current control module  460 , under the control of PMU  450 , can begin to adjust the battery charging current downward. As  FIG. 4  further illustrates, PMU  450  also includes a switching component  452  that is designed to control the provision of charging current to rechargeable battery  470 . This enables PMU  450  to cut off the provision of charging current to rechargeable battery  470  if rechargeable battery  470  is fully charged. 
         [0030]    As noted, a PSE does not power electronic circuitry  480  directly. Rather, the PSE is designed to provide power to rechargeable battery  470 . In this framework, the PSE provides power to a device having stable power requirements, while indirectly providing power to electronic circuitry  480 . 
         [0031]    As in the previous embodiment, a PoE power output generated by a PD is added to the battery charge circuitry already present in the portable computing device. In the battery charging circuitry example of  FIG. 4 , a PoE power supply based on the PoE power output is routed to switch  452  in PMU  450 . Switch  452 , under control of PMU  450 , can then routed power to rechargeable battery  470 . Significantly, this PoE power supply is not used to power electronic circuitry  480  directly. 
         [0032]    It should be noted that the embodiments described above would not allow the portable computing device to run solely on PoE when a rechargeable battery is not installed. This consequence is not significant, however, because most portable computing devices are not dedicated network devices. Rather, most portable computing devices are primarily run off of a rechargeable battery that enables the portable nature of the device. 
         [0033]    It should also be noted that the example embodiments provides example implementations of using PoE to charge a rechargeable battery in a portable computing device. As various implementations of battery charging circuits exist in the field of portable computing devices, the specific mechanism by which a PoE power output can be integrated into a battery charging circuit would be implementation dependent. The illustrated embodiments should therefore not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. 
         [0034]      FIG. 5  illustrates a flowchart of a process of providing PoE power to a portable computing device. As illustrated, the flowchart of  FIG. 5  begins at step  502  where the PSE detects the portable computing device. In one embodiment, this detection process is enabled using a 25 kΩ resistor, which is applied as a load across the line. The portable computing device is detected by the PSE once the PSE detects the proper signature impedance. 
         [0035]    After the PSE detects the portable computing device, the PSE, at step  504 , then identifies the PD classification of the portable computing device. In one embodiment, the PSE measures the current drawn when the voltage output by the PSE is between the 15.5V-20.5V range. The response measured by the PSE is used to classify the PD, for example, in accordance with the five PD classes specified by the 802.3af standard. Based on this determined classification, the PSE, at step  506 , then allocates power to the portable computing device. As would be appreciated, the particular classification scheme can vary and could also include classification schemes based on Layer 2 such as LLDP and those being defined in 802.1AB, and 802.3 at. 
         [0036]    At step  508 , power that is received from the PSE is routed to a battery charging circuit of the portable computing device. As noted, this power is used to charge a rechargeable battery. Power from the rechargeable battery is then used to operate the portable computing device. 
         [0037]    Depending on the PD classification or other constraints, the PoE power used to charge the rechargeable battery may or may not be sufficient to match the actual power being drawn by the electronic circuitry of the portable computing device at a given point in time. As such, in actual use, there may be times when the rate of power usage by the electronic circuitry may exceed the rate of charging of the rechargeable battery. In these instances, the overall charge stored by the rechargeable battery may decrease for a period of time. When the rate of power usage by the electronic circuitry falls below the rate of charging of the rechargeable battery, then the overall charge stored by the rechargeable battery would increase for a period of time. 
         [0038]    In general, the fluctuations in the relative amounts of power being consumed/added to the rechargeable battery can be tolerated by the initial charge of the rechargeable battery. If the rechargeable battery has substantial charge when the portable computing device is connected to the Ethernet cable, then significant periods of power deficiency can be tolerated. Regardless, the amount of charge added to the battery by PoE represents additional usage capacity that is provided to the portable computing device without the need for an external AC adapter. 
         [0039]    These and other aspects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art by a review of the preceding detailed description. Although a number of salient features of the present invention have been described above, the invention is capable of other embodiments and of being practiced and carried out in various ways that would be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art after reading the disclosed invention, therefore the above description should not be considered to be exclusive of these other embodiments. Also, it is to be understood that the phraseology and terminology employed herein are for the purposes of description and should not be regarded as limiting.