Abstract:
A cellular communication system includes a mobile station with a switch or button which, when actuated by the user, calls a predetermined party. In the case of an emergency, the user actuates this switch and automatically places a call to an emergency agency. The switch also actuates a system for automatically locating the mobile station by measuring distances from the mobile station to a plurality of fixed stations in the cellular communication system.

Description:
This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 08/242,656 filed on May 13, 1994, now abandoned, which is a continuation of Ser. No. 07/891,323 filed on May 29, 1992, which is hereby incorporated by reference, now abandoned. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The present invention relates generally to a mobile communication system such as a telephone system used in an automobile. More particularly, the present invention relates to mobile communication system in which the present location of a caller can be easily determined when the caller hits a single button of a mobile telephone apparatus. 
     2. Background of the Invention 
     In Japan, a public pay phone has a single button for use in an emergency. By hitting this button, the telephone automatically starts calling and a telephone line is connected to an emergency agent such as a police or fire station. This service is similar to 911 service in the United States. However, in mobile communication systems using automobile telephones, it is impossible to make an emergency call by hitting a single button. In such systems a caller must dial as a normal phone call to connect the telephone line, and then tell the called party his present location. 
     As explained above, when calling in an emergency through a mobile communication system, it is impossible to make a simplified call even though it is necessary to quickly obtain assistance. If a caller could complete dialing but the emergency agent does not answer, he would not be able to talk to the called party. Further, if a calling party does not know where he is, a telephone call may not be helpful. Furthermore, when a caller is in a real emergency under circumstances that he cannot speak, it is impossible to inform the called party of the emergency. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     It is, therefore, an object of the present invention to provide a mobile communication system in which the current location of a caller can be easily known by hitting a single button. 
     It is another object of the present invention to provide mobile communication system in which a caller does not need to talk to the called party to communicate his present location, and therefore, he can inform the called party of the emergency under circumstances that he cannot speak. 
     In one aspect of the present invention, a mobile communication system includes a mobile station, a plurality of fixed stations and a supervisory station for the fixed station. The mobile station has a switch to be operated and a transmitting circuit for sending a demand signal upon depressing the button. Each of the fixed stations has a circuit for measuring the distance between the mobile station sending the demand signal and another circuit for informing the supervisory station of the result of measurement. A circuit in the supervisory station can seek the location of the mobile station sending the demand signal in accordance with the results of measurements received from a plurality of fixed stations. Then, the supervisory station provides the information regarding the present location of mobile station to an appropriate party. 
     In accordance with the present invention, the present location of a caller through mobile station can be automatically provided to an emergency agency in order to retrieve assistance. Also, it is possible to inform the agency of the emergency condition even if no one is available to answer the phone call. 
     Since the supervisory station can recognize the present location of a caller, this invention is also applicable to a simple navigational apparatus for the cellular phone system used with, for example, an automobile telephone. Also, hand-off operations in the cellular phone system (when the automobile goes across the boundary of cell) can be simplified because the neighbor cell and its fixed station can be easily recognized. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING 
     The invention will be more readily understood with reference to the accompanying drawing, wherein: 
     FIG. 1 shows an arrangement of a mobile communication system of the present invention. 
     FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a mobile communication system as one embodiment of the present invention. 
     FIG. 3 is a chart showing a process of sequential operations of the system shown in FIG. 2. 
     FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a mobile station of the present invention. 
     FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a fixed station of the present invention. 
     FIG. 6 shows a perspective view of the mobile station of the present invention. 
     FIG. 7 shows a timing chart in connection with the method for measuring a distance to the mobile station of the present invention. 
     FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing mobile communication system as another embodiment of the present invention. 
     FIG. 9 is a chart showing sequential operations of the system shown in FIG. 8. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     FIG. 1 to FIG. 7 relate to a first embodiment of a mobile communication system in which a caller can notify a predetermined party that he is in an emergency and transmit the present location of the mobile station by simply hitting a single button. Referring now to FIG. 1, a plurality of fixed stations 11 to 16 are disposed so that their corresponding cells 21 to 26 may cover all areas subject to service for mobile communication. A supervisory station 30 is further disposed to manage all of the fixed stations 10 to 16. As will be described later, when a mobile station 40 transmits information regarding an emergency call, the supervisory station 40 performs a certain emergency operation after receiving further information based on the former information from a plurality of fixed station. 
     FIG. 4 shows a block diagram as one embodiment of the mobile station 40. In its transmitting mode, a voice signal from a microphone 41 is provided to a transmitting circuit 43 through a control circuit 42, and then transmitting signal is sent out of an antenna 44 toward the fixed stations. In its receiving mode, on the other hand, transmitting signal from the fixed station is received by the antenna 44 and provided to a receiver circuit 43. The voice signal from another party is received by the receiver circuit 43 and can be produced by a speaker 41 through the control circuit 42. The mobile station 40 also includes a single switch or button 47 for emergency calling and a memory circuit 48. The button 47 for emergency calling may be a push switch mounted, as shown in FIG. 6, to be activated through the front panel of the mobile telephone apparatus 40. However, in front of the button 47, there is preferably a barrier (not shown) to avoid accidental operation. The memory circuit 48 stores in advance the parties to be called in an emergency. 
     FIG. 5 shows a block diagram of the fixed station 10 as an example of the plural stations 10 to 16. In a normal telephone conversation mode, the transmitting signal from the mobile station 40 is received by an antenna 54. The voice signal of a caller at the mobile station 40 out of a receiver circuit 53 is provided to a wired line interface 51 through a control circuit 52 and sent out to the supervisory station 30. The voice signal from another party out of the supervisory station 30, on the other hand, is received by the wired line interface 51, and then provided to a transmitting circuit 53 through the control circuit 52. The transmitting signal from the circuit 53 is sent to the mobile station 40 through the antenna 54. The fixed station 10 also has a circuit 55 for measuring a distance between the mobile station 40 and itself when a certain signal out of the mobile station 40 is received. The method for measuring at this measurement circuit 17 will be described later in detail. 
     As shown in FIG. 2, the supervisory circuit 30 working at an operator&#39;s office with a switchboard has a control circuit 32 and a circuit 35 for measuring the location of the caller at the mobile station 40. The location measurement circuit 35 seeks the location of the caller based on the information sent from a plurality of the fixed stations regarding the distance between each of the fixed stations and the mobile station 40. In FIG. 2, a called party 50 means a certain emergency agency to whom the caller at the mobile station 40 tries to contact and notify of the emergency condition. 
     Referring next to FIG. 3, the process of sequential operations when the mobile station 40 is making an emergency call is explained in detail. When the emergency calling button 47 at the mobile station 40 is activated, it is recognized by the control circuit 42. Information representing a emergency call is then sent out of the mobile station 40. This information is received by the nearest fixed station 10. In this example, the station assigned for the cell 20 where the mobile station is present receives the information. The nearest fixed station 10 recognizes the received information as related to an emergency call, and then sends a reply to the calling party and instructions back to the mobile station 40. In reply to this, the mobile station 40 responds again with information regarding a called party to be notified when in an emergency. This information is stored in the memory circuit 48. In addition, the nearest fixed station 10 measures a distance between the mobile station 40 and itself by the distance measurement circuit 55, and further notifies the peripheral fixed stations 11 to 16 of the information necessary for measuring a distance (such as the fact that an emergency call occurred, the transmitting frequency of the mobile station 40 and an ID code of the mobile station 40 and so on). In FIG. 3, this notice is implemented through the supervisory station 30. If the fixed stations 10 to 16 perform their Antenna Diversity Operation and can recognize the direction of movement of the mobile station 40, one of the fixed stations 11 to 16 can be specified to be notified. 
     As the result, the notified fixed station 11 to 16 enters its receive mode. It receives the information regarding the emergency call to measure a distance between the mobile station 40 and the notified fixed station 11 to 16. Then, the fixed stations 10 to 16 notify the supervisory station 30 of the respective information regarding their distance measurement. The supervisory station 30 then measures the location of the mobile station 40 by means of the location measurement circuit 35, based on the plural distance measurements and a database for a map. Once the present location of the mobile station 40 is determined, the called party specified by the information previously received is notified. 
     Thus, upon hitting the emergency button 47 when the mobile station 40 is in an emergency, a certain protocol is implemented for seeking the present location of the mobile station 40 and transmitting the result to the called party 50 stored in the mobile station 40. Therefore, in accordance with the present invention, emergency communication can be easily and quickly performed by hitting a single button in a mobile communication system such as an automobile telephone. Further, the present location of a caller through mobile station can be automatically transmitted to the called party 50, such as an emergency agency, in order to obtain help. Also, it is possible to inform the agency of the caller&#39;s emergency situation even if no one answers the call. 
     The above mentioned circuit 55 can measure a distance to the mobile station 40 using the transmission time of the radio wave from the fixed station 10 to the mobile station 40, and from the mobile station 40 back to the fixed station 10, as shown in FIG. 7. Referring now to FIG. 7, 
     TAA means time for the fixed station 10 to receive a reply burst signal from the mobile station 40 after sending a burst signal to the mobile station 40; 
     TAK means time for the mobile station 40 to receive the burst signal from the fixed station 10; 
     TKK means time at the mobile station 40 for processing and synchronizing timing; and 
     TKA means time for the fixed station 10 to receive a burst signal transmitted from the mobile station 40. 
     Therefore, 
     
         TAA=TAK+TKK+TKA                                            (1) 
    
     As 
     TAK=TKA, 
     TAA=2TAK+TKK 
     Therefore, 
     
         TAK=(TAA-TKK)/2                                            (2) 
    
     In this form (2), since TKK is previously known (as being constant), the fixed station 10 can determine the transmission time TAK to the mobile station 40 through the formula (2). 
     On the other hand, TAB means time for one of the fixed stations, for example 11, to receive the burst signal after transmission by the fixed station 10; TXAK means time for the fixed station 11 to receive the reply burst signal from the mobile station 40 after receiving the burst signal from the fixed station 10; TKB means time for the fixed station 11 to receive the reply burst signal from the mobile station 40. Then, 
     
         TAB+TXAK=TAK+TKK+TKA                                       (3) 
    
     And this formula (3) can be rewritten as 
     
         TKB=TAB+TXAK-TAK-TKK                                       (4) 
    
     In this formula (4), since TAB and TKK are previously known (as being constant) and TAK can be informed by the fixed station 10, the fixed station 11 can determine the transmission time TKB to the mobile station 40 through the formula (4). 
     Once the transmission times TAK and TKB from the respective fixed stations 10 and 11 are known, the respective distance to the mobile station 40 from the fixed stations 10 and 11 can be calculated, and therefore the present location of the mobile station 40 can be determined from the calculated distance. Assuming that the transmitting speed for digital data is 270,833 kbps for transmitting and receiving between the mobile station 40 and the fixed station 10 or 11, and the transmission time can be measured within one fourth (1/4) of a single bit, the time corresponding to the one fourth (1/4) of a single bit, is approximately 12/13 micro second. Since the speed of the transmitted wave is 
     
         3.8×10.sup.8 m/sec, 
    
     the accuracy of this calculation by measurement corresponding to one fourth (1/4) of a single bit would be 
     
         3.8×10.sup.8 ×(12/13)×10.sup.-6 =277 m. 
    
     In other words, location of the mobile station 40 can be determined within about 277 meters. If 13 MHz is used as the frequency of the system clock, the accuracy could be improved to 
     
         3.0×10.sup.8 ×(1/13)×10.sup.-6 =23.1 m. 
    
     Therefore, the location of the mobile station 40 can be determined within about 23.1 meters. In both cases, precise correction of the location measurement can be made with mapping information to improve accuracy. 
     FIGS. 8 and 9 illustrate another embodiment of the present invention in which a caller of the mobile station 40 can determine his own present location by hitting a single button, for example, when he loses his way. In this embodiment, though the relation between the mobile station 40, the fixed stations 10 to 16 and the supervisory station 30 is the same as the first embodiment, there is no emergency calling button 47 and information regarding location measurement is stored in the memory circuit 48 of the mobile station 40. 
     To determine the present location of the mobile station 40, the sequential operations for examples as shown in FIG. 9 is implemented. Mobile station 40 makes a call to a party who provides the service relating to location measurement. This may be done by dialing or by hitting a certain button of the keyboard 45 during a conversation to demand the service for location measurement. The demand for location measurement is sent out of the mobile station 40 and received by the nearest fixed station 10 in charge of the cell 20 where the mobile station 40 is presently located. The nearest fixed station 10 recognizes the received information as related to the demand of location measurement. A reply to the call and some instructions are sent back to mobile station 40. In reply to this, the mobile station 40 responds again. 
     Thereafter, similar to the emergency calling, the fixed stations 10 to 16 measure the distance to the mobile station 40, and the supervisory station 30 seeks the present location of the mobile station 40 based on the result of the distance measurement. The result of the location measurement is sent from the supervisory station 30 to the mobile station 40 through the nearest fixed station 10. The result of the location is stored into the memory circuit 48 and then provided to the display portion 46 to display the present location of the mobile station 40. 
     In accordance with this embodiment of the present invention, a caller can determine the present location of the mobile station 40 by pressing a button. Therefore, this invention could be applicable to a simple navigational apparatus for the cellular phone system used with, for example, an automobile telephone. Also, a hand-off operation in the cellular phone system when the automobile goes across the boundary of cell can be simplified because the neighbor cell and its fixed station can be easily recognized. In addition, it can be easily understood that if a database is combined with the location measurement circuit 35, relating map and address information of the cell 20 where the mobile station 40 is presently located, the map and address information can be displayed at the display portion 46. 
     While specific embodiments of the invention have been shown and disclosed, it is to be understood that numerous changes and modifications may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and intent of the invention.