Abstract:
The SS7 interface of a conventional GPRS-136 or GPRS-136HS network is replaced with an IP interface. An IP interface is placed between the ANSI TIA/EIA-41 circuit-switched network and the GPRS-136 packet-switched network. This interface can handle both signaling and bearer traffic and thereby overcomes the limitations imposed by the current SS7 interface, which can handle only signaling.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     This application claims priority from Provisional Application No. 60/110,972, filed Dec. 04, 1998, which is hereby incorporated by reference. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Technical Field 
     The present invention generally relates to improved mobile telecommunications systems and in particular to improved packet-switched wireless/wired communication systems. Still more particularly, the present invention relates to an improved packet-switched telecommunications system which utilizes Internet Protocol packet communications. 
     2. Description of the Related Art 
     The written description utilizes a large number of acronyms to refer to components, methods and services. Although these acronyms, and the corresponding protocols and technologies, are known to those of skill in the art, for purposes of this discussion and convenience for the reader, acronyms will be defined as follows: 
     AMPS Advanced Mobile Phone Service. TIA analog cellular, and all standards that retain compatibility with it (NAMPS, D-AMPS, CDMA) 
     ANSI American National Standards Institute. 
     BSS Base Station System 
     DCCH Digital Control Channel. The control channel used by IS-136 and TIA/EIA-136 D-AMPS systems. 
     DTC Digital Traffic Channel 
     DMS Digital Multiplex Switch 
     EIA Electronics Industry Association 
     Gateway MSC An MSC designed to provide a gateway between a TIA/EIA-136/ANSI-41 network and a GPRS-136 network. 
     GGSN Gateway GPRS Support Node 
     GPRS Generalized Packet Radio Service. A GSM-based packet data protocol. 
     GSM Global System for Mobile Communications. 
     GTP GPRS Tunnelling Protocol 
     IMT International Mobile Telecommunications 
     ISUP ISDN User Part. SS7 signaling between switches. 
     MDIS Mobile Data Interface System 
     MGCP Media Gateway Control Protocol 
     MSC Mobile Switching Center 
     MSC-G Gateway MSC. 
     MSC-H Home MSC. 
     MSC-O Originating MSC. 
     MSC-V Visited MSC. The MSC in which a mobile is currently registered. 
     PDN Public Data Network 
     POTS Plain Old Telephone Service 
     PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network 
     Protocol A specification of the messages used to communicate over one or more interfaces. 
     RTP Real-Time Transport Protocol 
     SCP Signal Control Point 
     SGSN Serving GPRS Support Node 
     STP Signal Transfer Point 
     SS7 Signaling System Number 7 
     TDMA Time Division Multiple Access. A modulation technique used, e.g., by GSM. 
     TIA Telecommunications Industry Association TIA/EIA-136 TDMA air interface standard. Replaces IS-136. 
     XoIP Communications via Internet Protocol, where X can represent voice, data, video, etc. 
     In the current version of the ANSI TIA/EIA-136 and ANSI TIA/EIA-41 standards, the Digital Control CHannel (DCCH) and Digital Traffic Channel (DTC) support speech, asynchronous circuit-switched data, and G3 Fax services. 
     All three of these services are circuit-switched oriented. Revisions are now being made to the ANSI TIA/EIA-136 standard to produce ANSI TIA/EIA-136-A and ANSI TIA/EIA-136-B. ANSI TIA/EIA-136-A will specify a packet-switched data service known as “136+” or GPRS-136. ANSI TIA/EIA-136-B will specify a high-speed packet-switched service known as “136HS” or GPRS-136HS. The core technology for both of these packet-switched services is based on GPRS and EGPRS, respectively. These are ETSI GSM standards. 
     FIG. 1 shows a conventional GPRS-136-based network where voice and circuit-switched data is-still supported by the circuit switched network  103 / 104  but packet-switched data is supported by the GPRS-136 packet data network  106 . Gateway MSC (G-MSC)  103  is a new functional entity standardized for GPRS-136, which is an MSC having the capability to provide a gateway to GPRS-136 network. Hence, G-MSC can be viewed as a part of MSC or a separate network Node. If it is considered a separate node, the SS7 ‘E’ interface is used to exchange signaling messages with MSC. 
     In FIG. 1, a mobile station MSx  101 , which incorporates a vocoder and handles voice or circuit-switched data calls, communicates over the air with a BSSx switch  102 , which supports voice and/or circuit switched data. The BSSx  102  communicates via both a T 1  bearer traffic interface and a signaling interface A with a gateway mobile switching center  103 . The SS7 network  104  is connected, in turn, with a terminating network  105  and a GPRS-136 network  106 . Note that connection Gs′, between the SS7 network  104  and the GPRS-136 network  106 , is a signaling interface only. 
     A GPRS-136 mobile station MSy  107 , also incorporating a vocoder and configured to support voice and/or packet-switched data, communicates over the air with a BSSy switch  108 , which supports packet data. The BSSy  108  communicates over a bearer traffic interface Gb′ with the GPRS-136 network  106 . For voice calls, the vocoder of MSy  107  communicates with the BSSx switch  102 , as described above. 
     GPRS-136 network  106  is connected to Public Data Network (PDN)  109 . The PDN includes any destination terminal equipment  110 . 
     TDMA service operators have expressed a desire to implement XoIP over the GPRS-136 network (where X can represent voice, data, video, etc., e.g., VoIP). XoIP can be implemented over the circuit-switched or packet-switched air interface. However, the current interface Gs′ to the GPRS-136 packet-switched network is standardized for signaling only and is implemented via SS7. Therefore, if the circuit-switched air interface is to be used, this is a problem, because XoIP involves the transmission of both signaling and bearer traffic. Therefore, the SS7 interface is inappropriate and an XoIP solution utilizing the GPRS-136 network would be greatly desired. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     It is therefore one object of the present invention to provide an improved mobile telecommunications system. 
     It is another object of the present invention to provide an improved packet-switched mobile telecommunications system. 
     It is yet another object of the present invention to provide an improved packet-switched telecommunications system which utilizes Internet Protocol packet communications. 
     The foregoing objects are achieved as is now described. According to the preferred embodiment of the invention, the SS7 interface of a conventional GPRS-136 network is replaced with an IP interface. In this embodiment. an IP interface is placed in parallel with the Gs′ interface between the DMS MSC/G-MSC and the GPRS-136 packet-switched network. This interface can handle both signaling and bearer traffic and thereby overcomes the limitations imposed by the current SS7 interface, which can handle only signaling. 
     The above as well as additional objectives, features, and advantages of the present invention will become apparent in the following detailed written description. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     The novel features believed characteristic of the invention are set forth in the appended claims. The invention itself, however, as well as a preferred mode of use and further object and advantages thereof, will best be understood by reference to the following detailed description of an illustrative embodiment when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein: 
     FIG. 1 depicts a conventional GPRS network; 
     FIG. 2 is an improved GPRS/IP network, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention; 
     FIG. 3 shows a diagram of the delivery of a telephone call or circuit-switched data transaction originating in an ANSI-136-A voice or circuit-switched data mobile station to an IP network, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention; 
     FIG. 4 shows a diagram of the delivery of a telephone call or circuit-switched data transaction originating in an ANSI-136-A voice or circuit-switched data mobile station to another ANSI-136/ANSI-41 network (or vice versa) via an IP network, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention; and 
     FIG. 5 shows a diagram of the delivery of a telephone call or circuit-switched data transaction originating in an ANSI-136-A voice or circuit-switched data mobile station to a Circuit-Switched Network (SCN) such as PSTN, ISDN via an IP network, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     With reference now to the figures, and in particular with reference to FIG. 2, according to the preferred embodiment, the GS′ interface of the conventional GPRS-136 network is improved to support bearer data and call control signaling in addition to existing signaling. The improved GS′ interface also replaces transport of this interface from SS7 with IP. Further, the preferred embodiment bypasses the vocoder which currently is required by the G-MSC/MSC. It should be noted that where “GPRS-136” is used below, it is intended to apply to the entire GPRS-136 “family”, including GPRS, EGPRS, GPRS-136, and GPRS-136HS. Further, those of skill in the art will recognize that the innovative system and techniques described below will also apply to other wireless standards and technologies. 
     The preferred embodiment is thus a great improvement over the conventional GPRS-136 network shown in FIG. 1, in which the current interface (Gs′) between the Gateway MSC (G-MSC) and SGSN node of packet data network is standardized for signaling only and is implemented via SS7. 
     As shown in FIG. 2, a new functional node, also known as PSTN gateway  212 , is defined between the traditional network and the IP network  211 . Different interfaces of the PSTN gateway are currently being standardized in IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force), and specific implementations are within the ability of one of ordinary skill in the art. A standard device control protocol can be used between its three functional entities, the Media Gateway, (MG) the Media Gateway Controller (MGC), and Call Agent (CA) or Signaling Gateway (SG). In all figures, CA is assumed to support the functionality of MGC. 
     According to the preferred embodiment, there is no change in the way voice is handled, from an access point of view, i.e., there are no changes required at BSS or Mobile. Signaling for a voice call is still handled by A interface and bearer is transported using T 1  links. 
     With reference to FIG. 2, voice and circuit-switched data is still supported by the circuit switched network  203 / 204  and packet-switched data is supported by the GPRS-136 packet data network  206 . Gateway MSC (G-MSC)  203  provides a gateway to GPRS-136 network. 
     In FIG. 2, a mobile station MSx  201 , which can incorporate a vocoder and handles voice or circuit-switched data calls, communicates over the air with a BSSx switch  202 , which supports voice and/or circuit switched data. The BSSx  202  communicates via both a T 1  bearer traffic interface and a signaling interface A with a gateway mobile switching center  203 . The SS7 network  204  is connected, in turn, with a GPRS-136 network  206 . Note that connection Gs′, between the SS7 network  204  and the GPRS-136 network  206 , is a signaling interface only. 
     A GPRS-136 mobile station MSy  207 , also incorporating a vocoder and configured to support voice and/or packet-switched data, communicates over the air with a BSSy switch  208 , which supports packet data. The BSSy  208  communicates over a bearer traffic interface Gb′ with the GPRS-136 network  206 . For voice calls, the vocoder of MSy  207  communicates with the BSSx switch  202 , as described above. 
     GPRS-136 network  206  is connected to PDN/IP network  214 . The PDN/IP network  214  is connected to terminating network  215 . 
     According to the preferred embodiment, for outgoing calls, the signaling data is sent to Call Agent  212  from SS7 network  204  and bearer data is sent to MG  213  from DMS MSC/G-MSC  203 . The MG  213  of this gateway converts media (voice etc.) appropriately. These media packets are sent to SGSN of GPRS-136 network  206  via Gs′ip interface. Within the GPRS-136 network  206 , packets are passed to GGSN, and then the packets are passed to PDN/IP network  214  and terminating network  215 , as it has been done for data packets in conventional systems. 
     For incoming calls, all packets are received by the GGSN from the PDN/IP network  214 , and then are passed to SGSN via GTP. Until this point, the processing of the packets is as done in a conventional GPRS system as in FIG.  1 . In the preferred embodiment, however, instead of just passing this information to BSS, SGSN will distribute packets received and forward non-data related packets to the PSTN gateway  213  via Gs′ip interface. The MG  213  converts these packets and sends information over T 1  links to BSS. Similarly, signaling packets from SGSN are received over Gs′ip interface and get converted at Call Agent  212  and sent over the ‘A’ interface. It should be noted that the conversion of data between the different type of subnetworks may be done by any current method, and is well within the ability of one of ordinary skill in the art. 
     Note that in both these cases, the vocoder is bypassed. Also, the Terminating Network  215  shown in FIG. 2 can be a Wireless Network, PSTN, or other compatible system. 
     In these figures, as in FIG. 1, above, where Terminal Specific Signaling is indicated, the following designations apply: 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 H.323 
                 =&gt; 
                 H.225 and Q.931 
               
               
                   
                 SIP 
                 =&gt; 
                 SAP, SIP or RTSP 
               
               
                   
                 BSSx 
                 =&gt; 
                 Supports Voice and/or Circuit-Switched 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Data 
               
               
                   
                 BSSy 
                 =&gt; 
                 Supports Packet Data 
               
               
                   
                 MSx 
                 =&gt; 
                 A Mobile Station which Supports Voice 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 and/or Circuit-Switched Data 
               
               
                   
                 MSy 
                 =&gt; 
                 A Mobile Station which Supports 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Packet-Switched Data 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Further, solid lines are used to indicate a bearer traffic interface, dashed lines are used to indicate a signaling interface, and a dot/dash line is used to indicate a new bearer traffic and signaling interface according to the preferred embodiment. 
     FIGS. 3-5 are exemplary illustrations of different transactions made over a system as shown in the preferred embodiment of FIG.  2 . FIG. 3 shows a diagram of the delivery of a telephone call or circuit-switched data transaction originating in an ANSI-136-A voice or circuit-switched data mobile station to an IP network or vice versa. Here,the call is routed as described above with relation to FIG. 2, where the IP network  314 , instead of passing data to a terminating network (as  214  in FIG.  2 ), simply routes the data via IP protocol to the remote IP end system  316  and/or to an H.323 terminal  317 . 
     FIG. 4 shows a diagram of the delivery of a telephone call or circuit-switched data transaction originating in an ANSI-136-A voice or circuit-switched data mobile station to another ANSI-136/ANSI-41 network (or vice versa) via an IP network. Here, the call is routed as described above with relation to FIG. 2, where the terminating network is an ANSI-136/ANSI-41 network. After the call is routed to PSTN Gateway  423  from the GGSN of GPRS-136 network  406 , it is passed over an SS7 network  418 /PSTN  419  to the ANSI-136 mobile switching center  420 . From here, it is passed over the A interface and T 1  to the BSSx  421 , and over the air to the ANSI-136 mobile station MSx  422 . 
     FIG. 5 shows a diagram of the delivery of a telephone call or circuit-switched data transaction originating in an ANSI-136-A voice or circuit-switched data mobile station to a Circuit-Switched Network (SCN) such as PSTN, ISDN via an IP network. Here, the call is routed as described above with relation to FIG. 2, where the terminating network is a PSTN. After the call is routed to PSTN Gateway  525  from the GGSN of the GPRS-136 network  506 , it is passed to the PSTN  519 , then to a standard POTS switch  523  and telephone  524 . 
     While the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.