Abstract:
The present invention provides proteins that are suitable to be used as the active ingredient in subunit vaccine against  Mycoplasma  spp. The present invention also provides a subunit vaccine made therefrom. Said proteins have been experimentally proved to have the capability of inducing sufficient immune response to avoid pigs from  Mycoplasma  spp. infection. Said vaccine may have one of said proteins as active ingredient; or may have two or more of said proteins and is formulated as a cocktail vaccine. The present vaccine not only is safer than the conventional vaccines but also has equal or even better immune efficiency than the conventional ones. Furthermore, fusion partners suitable for producing said proteins of high solubility are also proved, which can significantly reduce production cost.

Description:
BACKGROUND 
       [0001]    1. Technical Field 
         [0002]    The present disclosure relates to a vaccine against  Mycoplasma  spp.; especially to a subunit vaccine against  Mycoplasma  spp. 
         [0003]    2. Description of Related Art 
         [0004]      Mycoplasma  spp. is currently known the tiniest bacteria capable of self-replication outside host cells. Although swine enzootic pneumonia would not cause swine death, it will reduce feeding efficiency and cause growth retardation, inflammation, and immunosuppression as well as make swine more vulnerable to infection of other pathogens, which therefore become economic damage of the industry. 
         [0005]    So far, swine enzootic pneumonia is prevented by three major strategies, including: medicine administration, environment management, and vaccination. Seeing the bad prevention efficiency of antibiotics to  Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae , medicine administration can only used for treatment purposes and is hard to meet prevention needs. Furthermore, considering that drug abuse may lead to a larger infection causing by drug-resistant bacteria, medicine administration needs cautious plans and exists a lot of limitations. 
         [0006]    Environment management forms the basis of prevention of  Mycoplasma  spp. infection. Good piggery sanitation and management would be helpful to reduce occurrence of infection. On the other hand, prevention could be more comprehensive through vaccination. 
         [0007]    The conventional vaccines in the field use inactive/dead bacteria as the active ingredient thereof. However, the price of the conventional vaccines is too high because  Mycoplasma  spp. is fastidious bacteria and is difficult to be cultured in the laboratory. In order to reduce the cost of  Mycoplasma  spp. vaccines, scientists continuously try to develop vaccines of different types, such as: (1) attenuated vaccines, (2) vector vaccines, (3) subunit vaccines, and (4) DNA vaccines. Among them, subunit vaccines show the most potential because the advantages of ease in production and high safety. 
         [0008]    To date, there are several potential candidate proteins that could be used for  M. hyopneumoniae  vaccines; however, there is no further report verifying the proteins suitable for  M. hyopneumoniae  vaccines. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0009]    In light of the foregoing, one of the objects of the present invention is to provide antigens suitable for being used in  Mycoplasma  spp. vaccines and thereby producing novel  Mycoplasma  spp. vaccines so that the cost of prevention can be reduced. 
         [0010]    Another object of the present invention is to provide a combination of antigens that suitable for being used in  Mycoplasma  spp. vaccines and thereby provide subunit vaccines with better performance; therefore, there would be more options for prevention tasks. 
         [0011]    In order to achieve the aforesaid objects, the present invention provides a protein for preventing  Mycoplasma  spp. infection, comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 01, SEQ ID NO: 02, or a combination thereof. 
         [0012]    The present invention also provides a composition for preventing  Mycoplasma  spp. infection, comprising: a first active ingredient, comprising a protein of P46, Tuf, or a combination thereof; and a pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvant. 
         [0013]    Preferably, said first active ingredient has an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 01, SEQ ID NO: 02, or a combination thereof. 
         [0014]    Preferably, said composition further comprises a second active ingredient, comprising a protein of MHP30, NrdFC, or a combination thereof. 
         [0015]    Preferably, said second active ingredient has an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 03, SEQ ID NO: 04, or a combination thereof. 
         [0016]    Preferably, said first active ingredient and/or said second active ingredient is independently of a concentration of 20 to 2000 μg/mL based on the total volume of said composition. 
         [0017]    Preferably, said pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvant is a complete Freund&#39;s adjuvant, an incomplete Freund&#39;s adjuvant, an alumina gel, a surfactant, a polyanion adjuvant, a peptide, an oil emulsion, or a combination thereof. 
         [0018]    Preferably, said composition further comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable additive. 
         [0019]    Preferably, said pharmaceutically acceptable additive is a solvent, a stabilizer, a diluent, a preservative, an antibacterial agent, an antifungal agent, an isotonic agent, an absorption delaying agent, or a combination thereof. 
         [0020]    The present invention further provides a composition for preventing  Mycoplasma  spp. infection, comprising: an active ingredient, having at least two proteins selected from a group consisting of P46, Tuf, MHP30, and NrdFC; and a pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvant. 
         [0021]    Preferably, said active ingredient is P46, Tuf, MHP30, and NrdFC. 
         [0022]    Preferably, said active ingredient has at least two amino acid sequences selected form a group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 01, SEQ ID NO: 02, SEQ ID NO: 03, and SEQ ID NO: 04. 
         [0023]    Preferably, said active ingredient has amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NO: 01, SEQ ID NO: 02, SEQ ID NO: 03, and SEQ ID NO: 04. 
         [0024]    Preferably, said active ingredient is of a concentration of 20 to 2000 μg/mL based on the total volume of said composition. 
         [0025]    Preferably, said pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvant is a complete Freund&#39;s adjuvant, an incomplete Freund&#39;s adjuvant, an alumina gel, a surfactant, a polyanion adjuvant, a peptide, an oil emulsion, or a combination thereof. 
         [0026]    Preferably, said composition further comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable additive. 
         [0027]    Preferably, said pharmaceutically acceptable additive is a solvent, a stabilizer, a diluent, a preservative, an antibacterial agent, an antifungal agent, an isotonic agent, an absorption delaying agent, or a combination thereof. 
         [0028]    The present invention also provides an expression vector for preparing the aforesaid active ingredient; wherein said expression vector comprises a plasmid; wherein said plasmid comprises: a nucleotide sequence comprising at least one sequence selected from a group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 05, SEQ ID NO: 06, SEQ ID NO: 07, and SEQ ID NO: 08; a gene encoding a fusion partner, selected from a group consisting of MsyB of  E. coli , YjgD of  E. coli , GroS17 of  E. coli , GroES of  Bacillus subtilis , TrxA of  Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius , SUMO of  S. cerevisiae , and Vgb of  Vitreoscilla  spp.; and a regulatory element. 
         [0029]    Preferably, said regulatory element comprises a promoter and a ribosome binding site. 
         [0030]    Preferably, said plasmid is pET-MSY, pET-YjgD, pET-GroS17, pET-GroES, pET-TrxA, pET-SUMO, or pET-Vgb. 
         [0031]    Preferably, regarding said expression vector, provided that, when said nucleotide sequence is at least one sequence selected from a group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 05, SEQ ID NO: 06, and SEQ ID NO: 08, said gene encoding a fusion partner is MsyB of  E. coli.    
         [0032]    Preferably, regarding said expression vector, provided that, when said nucleotide sequence is SEQ ID NO: 07, said gene encoding a fusion partner is selected from a group consisting of YjgD of  E. coli , GroS17 of  E. coli , GroES of  Bacillus subtilis , TrxA of  Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius , SUMO of  S. cerevisiae , and Vgb of  Vitreoscilla  spp. 
         [0033]    Preferably, said expression vector is applied for used for an  E. coli  gene expression system. 
         [0034]    The present invention further provides a method for preparing soluble antigen, comprising using the aforesaid expression vector; wherein said antigen is P46, Tuf, MHP30, or NrdFC. 
         [0035]    To sum up, the present invention is related to antigens, composition, and expression vector for preparing said antigen for preventing from  Mycoplasma  spp. infection. The present disclosure not only provides new options for prevention tasks, but also proves that a “cocktail” subunit vaccine of combining at least two antigens (that is, having at least two antigens as active ingredients) is able to enhance the immune induction. Moreover, the present invention teaches some fusion partners that are particularly suitable for assisting the expression of the aforesaid antigens in an expression system so that are favorable for increasing the production capacity of preparing the required vaccines. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0036]      FIG. 1  is a result of a protein electrophoresis, showing various fusion partners have different effects on the solubility of MHP 30 prepared. Line M: protein marker (PageRuler™ pretained protein ladder; Fermentas, USA); Line 1:  E. coli  BL21 (DE3) (pET-YjgD-MHP30), soluble protein; Line 2:  E. coli  BL21 (DE3) (pET-SUMO-MHP30), soluble protein; Line 3:  E. coli  BL21 (DE3) (pET-GroS17-MHP30), soluble protein; Line 4:  E. coli  BL21 (DE3) (pET-GroES-MHP30), soluble protein; Line 5:  E. coli  BL21 (DE3) (pET-D-MHP30), soluble protein; Line 6:  E. coli  BL21 (DE3) (pET-MsyB-MHP30), soluble protein; Line 7:  E. coli  BL21 (DE3) (pET-Vgb-MHP30), soluble protein; Line 8:  E. coli  BL21 (DE3) (pET-TrxA-MHP30), soluble protein. 
           [0037]      FIG. 2  is a result of a protein electrophoresis, showing various fusion partners have different effects on the solubility of P46, NrdFC, and Tuf prepared. Line M: protein marker (PageRuler™ pretained protein ladder; Fermentas, USA); Line 1:  E. coli  BL21 (DE3) (pET-D-P46M), soluble protein; Line 2:  E. coli  BL21 (DE3) (pET-D-P46M), insoluble protein; Line 3:  E. coli  BL21 (DE3) (pET-D-NrdFC), soluble protein; Line 4:  E. coli  BL21 (DE3) (pET-D-NrdFC), insoluble protein; Line 5:  E. coli  BL21 (DE3) (pET-D-Tuf), soluble protein; Line 6:  E. coli  BL21 (DE3) (pET-D-Tuf), insoluble protein; Line 7:  E. coli  BL21 (DE3) (pET-MysB-P46M), soluble protein; Line 8:  E. coli  BL21 (DE3) (pET-MysB-P46M), insoluble protein; Line 9:  E. coli  BL21 (DE3) (pET-MysB-NrdFC), soluble protein; Line 10:  E. coli  BL21 (DE3) (pET-MysB-NrdFC), insoluble protein; Line 11:  E. coli  BL21 (DE3) (pET-MysB-Tuf), soluble protein; Line 12:  E. coli  BL21 (DE3) (pET-MysB-Tuf), insoluble protein. 
           [0038]      FIG. 3  is a result of a protein electrophoresis, showing the purification of the present recombinant proteions MHP30, P46, NrdFC, and Tuf. Line M: protein marker (PageRuler™ pretained protein ladder; Fermentas, USA); Line 1:  E. coli  BL21 (DE3) (pET-YjgD-MHP30), soluble protein; Line 2:  E. coli  BL21 (DE3) (pET-MysB-P46M), soluble protein; Line 3:  E. coli  BL21 (DE3) (pET-MysB-NrdFC), soluble protein; Line 4:  E. coli  BL21 (DE3) (pET-MysB-Tuf), soluble protein; Line 5: purified MHP30 fusion protein; Line 6: purified P46 fusion protein; Line 7: purified NrdFC fusion protein; Line 8: purified Tuf fusion protein. 
           [0039]      FIG. 4  shows the result of Western Blot assay, showing that mice antiserum identified the total cell lysate of  M. hyopneumoniae.    
           [0040]      FIG. 5  shows the result of ELISA assay, showing the results of the immune challenge experiments conducted in Embodiment 7 of the present invention. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0041]    The present invention is related to antigens, composition, and expression vector for preparing said antigen for preventing from  Mycoplasma  spp. infection. Specifically, the present invention proves the antigenic effect of P46 and Tuf for preparing composition for  Mycoplasma  spp. infection prevention. Furthermore, the present invention also proves a “cocktail” subunit vaccine of combining at least two of P46, Tuf, MHP30, and NrdFC as active ingredients is able to enhance the immune induction. On the other hand, the present invention discloses fusion partners, which are particularly suitable for preparing P46, Tuf, MHP30, and NrdFC of high solubility (ie. water-solubility). Through using the aforesaid fusion partners, the time and cost required for preparing vaccines can be significantly reduced. 
         [0042]    In one aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides composition for preventing  Mycoplasma  spp. infection, comprising: a first active ingredient, comprising a protein of P46, Tuf, or a combination thereof; and a pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvant. In an alternative embodiment, said composition may further comprise a second active ingredient. Said second active ingredient comprises a protein of MHP30, NrdFC, or a combination thereof. 
         [0043]    In another aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a composition for preventing  Mycoplasma  spp. infection, comprising: an active ingredient, having at least two proteins selected from a group consisting of P46, Tuf, MHP30, and NrdFC; and a pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvant. 
         [0044]    In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, said P46 is corresponding to the amino acid sequence showed as SEQ ID NO: 01; said Tuf is corresponding to the amino acid sequence showed as SEQ ID NO: 02; said MHP30 is corresponding to the amino acid sequence showed as SEQ ID NO: 03; said NrdFC is corresponding to the amino acid sequence showed as SEQ ID NO: 04. Those having ordinary skill in the art can readily understand that as long as the antigenic determinant formed by folding of a peptide of said amino acid sequence is not interfered, said active ingredient may be a fusion protein with at least two said sequences. 
         [0045]    Typically, combining two or more antigens in one single vaccine is not always favorable for the immune induction of the vaccine. In fact, combining two or more antigens in one single vaccine may cause undesired situation that the immune induction of the two or more antigens conflict with each other and are thereby reduced. Besides, from the perspective of cost, even if not conflicting with each other, if the immune induction of the two or more antigens do not exhibit synergistic effect, it would be worthless to combine two or more antigens in one single vaccine. The researches of the present invention proved that P46, Tuf, MHP30, and NrdFC exhibited better immune induction while be used in combination. Therefore, in an alternative embodiment, said active ingredient of the present composition comprises any two or more of the aforesaid proteins; that is, the cocktail vaccine of the present invention. 
         [0046]    The concentration of said active ingredient(s) in the present composition is 20 to 2000 μg/mL based on the total volume of said composition. In a preferable embodiment of the present invention, one active ingredient in the present composition is of a concentration of 20 to 500 μg/mL based on the total volume of said composition. In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the present composition contains at least one of said proteins as active ingredients; wherein the total concentration of those active ingredients is 20 to 1000 μg/mL, 20 to 1500 μg/mL or 20 to 2000 μg/mL based on the total volume of said composition. 
         [0047]    Said pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvant is used for improving the immune effect of said active ingredient, stabilizing said active ingredient, and/or increasing the safety of vaccines. Said pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvant of the present invention includes, but not limits to: a complete Freund&#39;s adjuvant, an incomplete Freund&#39;s adjuvant, an alumina gel, a surfactant, a polyanion adjuvant, a peptide, an oil emulsion, or a combination thereof. 
         [0048]    Another aspect of the present invention is related to an expression vector. Specifically, said expression vector is used for an  E. coli  expression system. In other words, said expression vector is able to be translated into a peptide of amino acid sequence of desired protein, and the peptide can fold forming the desired active ingredient required for the present composition. However, based on the spirit of the present invention, those having ordinary skill in the art can refer to the disclosure of the present invention and make modification accordingly to fit in various expression system while still belong to the scope of the present invention (for instance, making modification to the sequences in order to correspond to different codon usage). 
         [0049]    Another aspect of the present invention is related to a method for preparing a protein for preventing from  Mycoplasma  spp. infection by using said expression vector. Proteins prepared by the conventional expression vectors in the field usually have drawback of insolubility; therefore it is necessary to treat and solve the purified product by urea and guanidinium hydrochloride. However, those treatments not only increase production cost but also cause denature of the proteins so that re-folding is sometimes needed for those denatured proteins for regain their antigenic function. While there is certain possibility that the re-folding process may fail, the antigenic effect of those proteins might be reduced. In light of the insufficiency of the aforesaid conventional preparation, the present method has strength in matching fusion partner that is particularly suitable for providing excellent solubility to the aforesaid proteins for  Mycoplasma  spp. infection prevention. Therefore, the production cost can be saved, the preparation procedures can be simplified, and the efficacy of the produced proteins of being the active ingredients of vaccines can be enhanced. 
         [0050]    In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, said expression vector comprises a plasmid. Said plasmid comprises: a nucleotide sequence, a gene encoding a fusion partner and a regulatory element. Said nucleotide sequence comprises at least one sequence selected from a group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 05, SEQ ID NO: 06, SEQ ID NO: 07, and SEQ ID NO: 08, which respectively correspond to P46, Tuf, MHP30, and NrdFC. 
         [0051]    In an alternative embodiment, as long as the operation of the gene expression system is not hindered and the production of said nucleotide sequence and the folding of the consequent amino acid sequence thereof are not interfered, said plasmid may comprise two or more said nucleotide sequences. 
         [0052]    Said gene encoding a fusion partner is selected from a group consisting of MsyB of  E. coli , YjgD of  E. coli , GroS17 of  E. coli , GroES of  Bacillus subtilis , TrxA of  Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius , SUMO of  S. cerevisiae , and Vgb of  Vitreoscilla  spp. 
         [0053]    Said regulatory element is referred to an element required for initiating the transcription and translation in the expression system. Said regulatory element shall at least comprise a promoter, and a ribosome binding site. Preferably, said regulatory element may further comprise: an operator, an enhancer sequence, or a combination thereof. 
         [0054]    The following examples recite the trials and experiments of the present invention in order to further explain the features and advantages of the present invention. It shall be noted that the following examples are exemplary and shall not be used for limiting the claim scope of the present invention. 
       Example 1 
     Strains and Culture Thereof 
       [0055]    Current researches identified there are seven kinds of  Mycoplasm  spp. isolated from swines:  Mycoplasm hyopneumoniae, Mycoplasma hyorhinis, Mycoplasma hyosynoviae, Mycoplasma flocculare, Mycoplasma hyopharyngis, Mycoplasma sualvi , and  Mycoplasma bovigenitalium  (Gourlay et al., 1978; Blank et al., 1996; Assuncao et al., 2005). Among them,  Mycoplasm hyopneumoniae  is the main pathogen causing swine  mycoplasma  pneumonia. The infection rate is somewhere in between 25% to 93%. Therefore, the present research used  Mycoplasm hyopneumoniae  ( Mycoplasm hyopneumoniae , PRIT-5) as the source of antigen gene. In addition, the present research used  Escherichia coli  JM109 as the host for gene cloning and  Escherichia coli  BL21 (DE3) as host for protein expression. 
         [0056]      M. hyopneumoniae  was cultured by using Friis medium (Friis et al., 1975).  Escherichia coli  ( E. coli ) strains were cultured by using LB medium (Luria-Bertani). Proper amount of antibiotic and/or 1.5% of agar for preparing solid medium were optionally added in accordance the experiment conditions. 
       Example 2 
     Cloning of  M. hyopneumoniae  Antigen Gene 
       [0057]    Specific primers were designed for different antigen genes (Table 1). The genome of  M. hyopneumoniae  was used as template and amplification was conducted by using the aforesaid primers. The details of gene amplification and cloning were described in the following paragraphs: 
         [0000]                              TABLE 1                   Primer sets for amplifying the desired genes.            Desired           genes   Sequence of primer (5′ to 3′)               MHP30   MHP30F (SEQ ID NO 09):           GATATA GGATCC GCAAAATTAGACGATAATCTTCAGTATTCA           MHP30R (SEQ ID NO 10):           CAATAT GTCGAC TTAATTTTTACCTTGTTTTTTAATGATTTC           GTC               P46   P46F (SEQ ID NO 11):           GATATA GGATCC ATGAAAAAAATGCTTAGAAAAAAATTCTTG           P46R (SEQ ID NO 12):           CAATAT GTCGAC TTAGGCATCAGGATTATCAACATTAGC               NrdFC   NrdCF (SEQ ID NO 13):           GATATA GGATCC GATCTATTATATAAACTAATTGAATTAGAA           AAAGATTATC           NrdCR(SEQ ID NO 14):           CAATAT GTCGAC TTAAAACTCCCAATCTTCATCTTCG               Tuf   TufF (SEQ ID NO 15):           GATATA GGATCC ATGGCAGTTGTTAAAACGACAGGAAAA           TufR (SEQ ID NO 16):           CAATAT GTCGAC TTATTTAATAATTTCGGTAACTGTTCCGGC           A               *GGATCC: BamHI cutting site; GTCGAC: SalI cutting site            
1. Extraction of  M. hyopneumoniae  Genome.
 
         [0058]    The extraction of  M. hyopneumoniae  genome was conducted by using DNA purification kit (Tissue &amp; Cell Genomic DNA Purification kit; GeneMark, Taiwan). First, 4.5 mL of broth was put under centrifugation (5,870×g, 5 min) in tubes to discard the supernatant and collect the pellet. Then, 20 μL of proteinase K (10 mg/mL) and 200 μL of extraction reagent were added in for reacting at 56° C. for 3 hours. The pellet and the aforesaid reagents were mixed by up-side-down or shaking the tube every 5 minutes during the period to make sure they were well-mixed. 
         [0059]    After reaction with the extraction reagent, the solution became transparent as the pellet was digested completely. 200 μL of binding reagent was then added in for reacting at 70° C. for 10 minutes. After that, 200 μL of absolute ethanol was added into the tube and mixed. All the contents inside the tube were moved to a spin column and the spin column was then positioned in a collection tube. After centrifugation (17,970×g) for 2 minutes, the effluent was discarded and 700 μL of wash solution was added into the spin column. After another centrifugation (17,970×g) for 2 minutes, the effluent was discarded and the aforesaid procedure was repeated again. Lastly, the tube was put under centrifugation (17,970×g) for 5 minutes to remove residual ethanol. Then, the spin column was position in a sterile tube and a proper amount of sterile water was added in for elute the DNA. 
         [0060]    The concentration of the purified  M. hyopneumoniae  genomic DNA was determined by using Quant-iT™ dsDNA High-Sensitivity Assay Kit (Invitrogen, Madison, USA) and Qubit Fluorometer (Invitrogen, Madison, USA). The operation is: mixing Quant-iT reagent and Quant-iT buffer at a ratio of 1:200 to obtain a working solution. 190 μL of working solution and 10 μL of the standard sample were mixed and placed in room temperature for 2 minutes. Then, a standard curve was depicted. After that, 2 μL of sample and 198 μL of working solution were mixed, placed for 2 minutes and detected by Qubit Fluorometer for determining the concentration of the genomic DNA. The calculation formula of the concentration (ng/μL) was: measured value×100. 
       2. Amplification of Desired Genes by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) 
       [0061]    The  M. hyopneumoniae  genomic DNA was used as template and primers designed for P46 gene, Tuf gene, MHP30 gene, and NrdFC gene were respectively used for PCR reaction. Each primer used and conditions for the PCR reaction were shown in the following Table 2 (the sequences of the primers were listed in Table 1 above). 50 μL of PCR mixture contained 1×GDP-HiFi PCR buffer B, 200 μM of mixture of dATP, dTTP, dGTP, and dCTP, 1 μM amplification primer, 200 ng of  M. hyopneumoniae  genomic DNA and 1 U of GDP-HiFi DNA polymerase. After the PCR reaction, gel electrophoresis was conducted to confirm the existing of the amplified DNA fragment of expected size. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 PCR conditions and primer sets 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Desired 
                 Primer 
                   
               
               
                 genes 
                 set 
                 Conditions 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 MHP30 
                 MHP30F 
                 98° C. for 5 minutes (one cycle); 94° C. for 30 seconds, 55° C. for 30 seconds, 
               
               
                   
                 MHP30R 
                 68° C. for 30 seconds (35 cycles); 68° C. for 5 minutes (one cycle). 
               
               
                 P46 
                 P46F 
                 98° C. for 5 minutes (one cycle); 94° C. for 30 seconds, 55° C. for 30 seconds, 
               
               
                   
                 P46R 
                 68° C. for 45 seconds (35 cycles); 68° C. for 5 minutes (one cycle). 
               
               
                 NrdFC 
                 NrdCF 
                 98° C. for 5 minutes (one cycle); 94° C. for 30 seconds, 55° C. for 30 seconds, 
               
               
                   
                 NrdCR 
                 68° C. for 30 seconds (35 cycles); 68° C. for 5 minutes (one cycle). 
               
               
                 Tuf 
                 TufF 
                 98° C. for 5 minutes (one cycle); 94° C. for 30 seconds, 55° C. for 30 seconds, 
               
               
                   
                 TufR 
                 68° C. for 45 seconds (35 cycles); 68° C. for 5 minutes (one cycle). 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       3. Collection of the PCR Product and Cloning Thereof 
       [0062]    The collection of the PCR products was made by using the PCR-M™ Clean Up system kit (GeneMark, Taiwan; the experiments were conducted by following the operation manual and were not reiterated here). Then, the cloning was made by using the CloneJET PCR Cloning Kit. The experiments of cloning were conducted according to the operation manual, which were briefly described as follows. Firstly, the collected PCR product was mixed with the reagents and DNA ligase of the kit for conducting ligation reaction at 22° C. for 30 minutes. The ligation mixture was then transformed into  E. coli  strain ECOS™ 9-5 (Yeastern, Taiwan). The conditions of transformation were referred to the manual. The bacteria transformed were transferred into 1 mL of SOC recovering medium and cultured at 37° C. with shaking at 250 rpm. A proper amount of broth was plating on LB solid medium plates with ampicillin (100 μg/mL) and the plates were cultured at 37° C. for 16 hours. After that, a colony PCR was conducted to screen the strains, whose transformation succeeded. The colony PCR was conducted as following steps. First of all, a tube containing PCR mixture of 50 μL of 2× Taq PCR MasterMix (Genomics, Taiwan), 0.5 μL of forward primer for amplifying the desired gene, 0.5 μL of reverse primer for amplifying the desired gene, and 49 μL sterile water was prepared. After mixing, the PCR mixture was distributed to several PCR tubes (10 μL/tube). Colonies on the aforesaid plates were randomly picked into the PCR tubes respectively for PCR reaction. The conditions of PCR reaction are: 95° C. for 5 minutes (one cycle); 95° C. for 30 seconds, 55° C. for 30 seconds, 72° C. for X minutes (25 cycles); 72° C. for 7 minutes (one cycle); wherein the “X” was depended on the extension time required for the DNA polymerase and was set according to the size of the fragment to be amplified. The extension rate of Taq DNA polymerase is 1 kb/min; therefore, if the fragment to be amplified has a size of about 1 kb, the “X” would be set as 1 minute. After reaction, a gel electrophoresis was conducted to confirm the PCR results. For those transformation strains being confirmed successfully had insert DNA in their recombinant plasmids, the plasmids were extracted out for DNA sequencing. The plasmids have MHP30 gene, P46 gene, NrdFC gene, and Tuf gene were respectively named as pJET-MHP30, pJET-P46, pJET-NrdFC, and pJET-Tuf. 
         [0063]    The DNA sequencing results showed that the P46 coloned in the present invention has an amino sequence and nucleotide sequence as SEQ ID NO 01 and SEQ ID NO 05 respectively. Tuf has an amino sequence and nucleotide sequence as SEQ ID NO 02 and SEQ ID NO 06 respectively. MHP30 has an amino sequence and nucleotide sequence as SEQ ID NO 03 and SEQ ID NO 07 respectively. NrdFC has an amino sequence and nucleotide sequence as SEQ ID NO 04 and SEQ ID NO 08, respectively. 
       Example 3 
     Point Mutation and Cloning of P46 Gene 
       [0064]    P46 has three TGA codons. TGA codon was translated as tryptophan in  Mycoplasma  spp. but as stop codon in  E. coli . In order to prevent from failure in using  E. coli  expression system for producing the whole desired protein, point mutation must be made to P46 gene&#39;s TGA codon to replace them as TGG, which is translated by  E. coli  as tryptophan. 
         [0065]    The principle for designing mutation primers for the point mutation is the mutation point shall be located in the centre area of the primer and the Tm of the primers shall be higher than 78° C. The Tm of the primers can be calculated by the formula provided by Invitrogene: Tm=81.5+0.41 (% GC)−675/N−% mismatch. “% GC” stands for the percentage of G and C of the primer concerned; “N” stands for the length of the primer concerned; “% mismatch” stands for the percentage of the base to be mutated of the primer concerned. The primers used for point mutation of P46 gene were listed in the following Table 3, including P46F/P46M2, P46M1/P46M4, P46M3/P46M6 and P46M5/P46R. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 3 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Primers used for point mutation of P46 gene 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Desired 
                   
               
               
                 genes 
                 Sequence of primer (5′ to 3′) 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 P46F 
                 SEQ ID NO 11: 
               
               
                   
                 GATATAGGATCCATGAAAAAAATGCTTAGAAAAAAATTCTTG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 P46M2 
                 SEQ ID NO 17: 
               
               
                   
                 CTCTTTGGGCACTAATCCATCGAGGATTATCCGG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 P46M1 
                 SEQ ID NO 18: 
               
               
                   
                 CCGGATAATCCTCGATGGATTAGTGCCCAAAGAG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 P46M4 
                 SEQ ID NO 19: 
               
               
                   
                 ATTAGCTTGCTGAGTGAGCCAGTTATTTTGTGCATCC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 P46M3 
                 SEQ ID NO 20: 
               
               
                   
                 GGATGCACAAAATAACTGGCTCACTCAGCAAGCTAAT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 P46M6 
                 SEQ ID NO 21: 
               
               
                   
                 CGGCAGTTCCATAATTCCATCCTGGGACATAAAC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 P46M5 
                 SEQ ID NO 22: 
               
               
                   
                 GTTTATGTCCCAGGATGGAATTATGGAACTGCCG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 P46R 
                 SEQ ID NO 12: 
               
               
                   
                 CAATATGTCGACTTAGGCATCAGGATTATCAACATTAGC 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0066]    The 50 μL of PCR mixture contained 1×GDP-HiFi PCR buffer B, 200 μM of mixture of dATP, dTTP, dGTP, and dCTP, 1 μM of amplification primer, 100 ng of pJET-P46 and 1 U GDP-HiFi DNA polymerase. The PCR reaction conditions were: 98° C. for 2 minutes (one cycle); 94° C. for 30 seconds, 55° C. for 30 seconds, 68° C. for 45 seconds (35 cycles); 68° C. for 5 minutes (one cycle). After the PCR reaction, gel electrophoresis was conducted to confirm the existing of the amplified DNA fragment of expected size. 
         [0067]    The PCR products were collected by using Gel-M™ gel extraction system kit and the experiments were conducted according to the manual. Then, the four PCR products collected were used as the templates for gene amplification with P46F/P46R primer set. The PCR reaction conditions were: 98° C. for 2 minutes (one cycle); 94° C. for 30 seconds, 55° C. for 30 seconds, 68° C. for 45 seconds (35 cycles); 68° C. for 5 minutes (one cycle). After that, the whole length of the P46 gene being point mutated can be obtained. The PCR products were collected by using PCR-M Clean Up System Kit (GeneMark, Taiwan). And the cloning of the mutation gene was made by using CloneJET PCR Cloning Kit. For those transformation strains being confirmed, by colony PCR, successfully had insert DNA in their recombinant plasmids, the plasmids were extracted for DNA sequencing. The plasmid having the mutated P46 gene was named as pJET-P46M. 
       Example 4 
     Establishment of the Present  M. hyopneumoniae  Antigen Expression Vector 
       [0068]    Plasmids having various fusion partners were used as backbone for establishing  M. hyopneumoniae  antigen expression vector. The fusion partner genes used were MsyB of  E. coli , YjgD of  E. coli , the partial peptide of GroS containing 17 amino acids (GroS17) of  E. coli , GroES of  Bacillus subtilis , TrxA of  Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius , SUMO of  S. cerevisiae , D protein of bacteriophage phiX174, and Vgb of  Vitreoscilla  spp. The establishment was made as follows: 
       1. The Establishment of MHP30 Expression Vector. 
       [0069]    Cutting pJET-MHP30 with BamHI and SalI and the resulted DNA fragment was ligased into a fusion expression plasmid pre-cut by the same restriction enzymes. The ligation product was than transformed into  E. coli  ECOS 9-5. Transformation strains were screened by colony PCR and confirming if there was DNA fragments of expected size by using DNA electrophoresis. For those transformation strains being confirmed successfully had insert DNA in their recombinant plasmids, the plasmids were extracted out for DNA sequencing. The plasmids having correct DNA sequence were respectively named as pET-MSY-MHP30, pET-YjgD-MHP30, pET-GroS17-MHP30, pET-GroES-MHP30, pET-TrxA-MHP30, pET-SUMO-MHP30, pET-D-MHP30, and pET-Vgb-MHP30. 
       2. The Establishment of P46 Expression Vector. 
       [0070]    Cutting pJET-P46M with BamHI and SalI and the following experiments were conducted by referring to the aforesaid establishment steps of MHP30 expression vector. The plasmids having correct DNA sequence were respectively named as pET-D-P46M, and pET-MSY-P46M. 
       3. The Establishment of NrdFC Expression Vector. 
       [0071]    Cutting pJET-NrdFC with BamHI and SalI and the following experiments were conducted by referring to the aforesaid establishment steps of MHP30 expression vector. The plasmids having correct DNA sequence were respectively named as pET-D-NrdFC, and pET-MSY-NrdFC. 
       4. The Establishment of Tuf Expression Vector. 
       [0072]    Cutting pJET-Tuf with BamHI and SalI and the following experiments were conducted by referring to the aforesaid establishment steps of MHP30 expression vector. The plasmids having correct DNA sequence were respectively named as pET-D-Tuf, and pET-MSY-Tuf. 
       Example 5 
     Expression of Recombinant  M. hyopneumoniae  Antigens and Purification Thereof 
       [0073]    Regarding to Expression of the Desired Antigens 
         [0074]    The antigen expression vectors were transformed into  E. coli  BL21 (DE3). One single colony was picked and inoculate on LB medium containing kanamycin of final concentration of 30 μg/mL and cultured under conditions of 37° C. and 180 rpm overnight. Then the broth was inoculated into fresh LB medium (containing kanamycin of final concentration of 30 μg/mL) at a ratio of 1:100 and cultured conditions of 37° C. and 180 rpm until the OD 600  value thereof achieving around 0.6˜0.8. 0.1 mM of IPTG was added in for inducing the expression of the desired protein for 4 hours. Then, the broth was put under centrifugation (10,000×g, 10 minutes, 4° C.) and the pellet was collected. After that, the soluble portion and the insoluble portion thereof were separated by using Easy-Lyse Bacterial Protein Extraction kit (Epicentre, USA). Protein electrophoresis was then conducted to observe the solubility of the produced recombinant antigens. 
         [0075]      FIGS. 1 and 2  respectively showed different solubility of MHP30 upon using various fusion partners in expression; and different solubility of P46, NrdFC, and Tuf upon using various fusion partners in expression. The results indicated that using YjgD, SUMO, GroS17, GroES, Vgb, or TrxA as fusion partner can increase the solubility of MHP30. On the other hand, using MsyB as fusion partner can provide P46, NrdFC, and Tuf excellent solubility. 
         [0076]    Regarding to Purification of the Desired Antigens 
         [0077]    Taking the advantage of the fact that the N′ Hig tag of recombinant protein can form coordinate covalent bond with nickel or cobalt ion, immobilized-metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) was used for protein purification. The protocol of protein purification was referred to The QIA Expressionist™ (fourth edition, Qiagen). The pellet was suspended in lysis buffer (50 mM NaH 2 PO 4 , 300 mM NaCl, 10 mM imidazole, pH 8.0) and broken by homogenizer. Then, centrifugation was conducted and the supernatant was collected. The collected supernatant was introduced into a resin column (1 mL Ni-NTA) where the recombinant antigen would attach on. After that, 15 mL of wash buffer (50 mM NaH2PO4, 300 mM NaCl, 20 mM imidazole, pH 8.0) was added in to wash the resin inside the column to remove non-specific binding of proteins. Lastly, 20 mL of elution buffer (50 mM NaH 2 PO 4 , 300 mM NaCl, 250 mM imidazole, pH 8.0) was introduced to elute the antigens on the resin. The elution buffer contained high concentration of imidazole to compete the binding site on the resin with the recombinant proteins so that the recombinant proteins can be washed off from the resin. The result of purification was observed by protein electrophoresis. According to  FIG. 3 , it clearly showed that the His tag tagged on N′ of the present recombinant antigens was indeed favorable for purifying the present recombinant antigens by IMAC. 
       Example 6 
     Mice Antiserum Trials 
       [0078]    This example used 5-week BALB/c female mice (National Laboratory Animal Center). The mice were maintained in standard animal room with air conditioner and offered with food and clean water. The immune challenge was conducted after the mice being raised 7 days. The recombinant antigens purified in the aforesaid examples was mixed with adjuvant as a mixture (complete Freund&#39;s adjuvant or incomplete Freund&#39;s adjuvant) through a three-way connector and subcutaneously injected into the mice. The first injection was a complete Freund&#39;s adjuvant formulation. After 7 days from the first injection, the mice were injected with incomplete Freund&#39;s adjuvant formulation twice in a 7 days interval. After 7 days from the second injection, blood was collected from eye orbit of the mice. 
         [0079]    The collected blood samples were placed in room temperature for 1 hour and placed at 4° C. overnight to let the blood coagulate. Then, the samples were put under centrifugation (5,000×g) for 30 minute to obtain the antiserum, which contained specific antibody against the recombinant antigen. 
         [0080]    The obtained antiserum was then used to against total cell lysate of  M. hyopneumoniae . The experiment protocol was: suspending  M. hyopneumoniae  PRIT-5 in SET buffer (50 mM glucose, 25 mM-HCl, 10 mM EDTA, pH 8.0) and adding 5×sample buffer (312.5 mM Tris-HCl (pH 6.8), 50% glycerol, 10% SDS, 0.05% bromophenol blue); heating the sample at 100° C. for 5 minutes after the sample was well-mixed with the aforesaid buffer. Then, protein electrophoresis was conducted. The gel, after protein electrophoresis, was immersed in transfer buffer (25 mM Tris base, 192 mM glycine, 10% (v/v) methanol, pH 8.3). PVDF membrane of suitable size was rinsed with methanol for few seconds, washed by deionized water, and then immersed into transfer buffer. After the gel and PVDF membrane were both immersed in transfer buffer for 15 minutes, a filter paper, the gel, the PVDF membrane and another filter paper were sequentially placed in a Trans-Blot SD Semi-Dry Transfer Cell for transferring under suitable electric supply. After the transferring was done, the PVDF membrane was immersed in 20 mL of block buffer (20 mM Tris, 150 mM NaCl, 5% skim milk, pH7.4) in room temperature for 1 hour and 10 μL of recombinant antigen was added in (2000× diluation). After shaking in room temperature for 1 hour, the block buffer was discarded and the PVDF membrane was by 20 mL TBST buffer (20 mM Tris, 150 mM NaCl, 0.05% Tween-20, pH7.4) three times (5 minute for each time). 20 mL of block buffer and 4 μL of alkaline phosphatase-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG (H+L) were then added in and the mixture was shaken in room temperature for 1 hour. After that, the PVDF membrane was washed by TBST buffer three times and NBT/BCIP reagent was added in for detection. 
         [0000]    The result showed that the mixture of the present recombinant antigen and suitable adjuvant did induce antibody against the antigen in mice. That is to said, the present proteins had potential to be immunogens ( FIG. 4 ). 
       Example 7 
     Swine Immune Tests and Challenge Tests 
     1. Vaccine Preparation. 
       [0081]    One or more of the purified recombinant antigens of the aforesaid examples were mixed with an adjuvant to obtain desired subunit vaccines or cocktail vaccines. The dosage of every vaccine prepared was 2 mL, which contained 200 μg of each kind of the present proteins added. 
       2. Swine Immune Tests. 
       [0082]    The aforesaid subunit vaccines or cocktail vaccines were used for swine immune tests. 2-weeks SPF swine were bought from the second generation SPF swine house of Animal Technology Institute Taiwan. All the swine were maintained and fed equally in the SPF swine house. 
         [0083]    The vaccines (2 mL) were intramuscularly injected to the swine when they reached 21-day age and blood thereof was collected at 21, 42, 70, and 98-day age for isolating serum.  Mycoplasma  spp. antibody trials (IDEXX) kit was used for analyzing the collected serum antibodies. The operation was as the follows. First of all, 10 μL of serum was mixed with 390 μL of sample diluents gently to obtain a mixture. 100 μL of the mixture was added in the wells of a 96-well plate, which already had  Mycoplasma  spp. antigen inside. Besides, 100 μL of positive serum and negative serum were also added to different wells of the plate as controls. The plate was placed in room temperature for 30 minutes. Then, the liquid in the plate was discarded and 350 μL of wash buffer was added in three times for washing 350 μL of horseradish peroxidase labeled with anti-swine antibodies was then added in to the plate and the plate was placed in room temperature for 30 minutes. After that, the liquid in the plate was discarded and 350 μL of wash buffer was added in three times for washing. 100 μL of TMB substrate solution was added into the plate and the plate was placed in room temperature for 15 minutes. Then, 100 μL of stop buffer was added to terminate the color reaction. Lastly, the absorbance of each well was evaluated at 650 nm by an ELISA reader for calculation of S/P value. S/P value=(OD 650  absorbance of trial group−OD 650  absorbance of negative control group)/(OD 650  absorbance of positive control group−OD 650  absorbance of negative control group). The higher the S/P value, the more the antibodies against  M. hyopneumoniae  proteins. The experiment results showed that the present antigens were able to induct immune response; wherein P46 vaccine and cocktail vaccine (contained the four antigens in one vaccine: P46, Tuf, MHP30, and NrdFC) showed the best induction effect and the induced immune response can be maintained until 14-week age ( FIG. 5 ). 
       3. Swine Challenge Tests. 
       [0084]    Bayovac® MH-PRIT-5 vaccine prepared by using  M. hyopneumoniae  PRIT-5 was used in this experiment as control for evaluating the immune efficacy of the present subunit vaccine and cocktail vaccine. 4-weeks SPF swine were bought from the second generation SPF swine house of Animal Technology Institute Taiwan. All the swine were maintained and fed equally in the SPF swine house. 
         [0085]    The  M. hyopneumoniae  bacterial broth used for the challenge tests was prepared by: a swine lung tissue (about 3×3 cm 2 ) infected by  M. hyopneumoniae  was collected and ground in 20 mL of Friis medium. After centrifugation (148.8 xg) for 10 minutes, the supernatant was transferred to a clean tube for centrifugation (7,870×g) for another 40 minutes. Then, the supernatant was discarded and the precipitation was re-suspended with 6 mL of Friis medium to obtain a suspension. After that, the suspension was filtered sequentially by 5 μm and 0.45 μm filters to obtain the challenge bacterial broth needed for this experiment. 
         [0086]    The vaccines (2 mL) were intramuscularly injected to the swine when they reached 35-day age. Another injection was made at 49-day age via the same way. At 63-day age, the immuned swine were anesthetized and challenged by administering the challenge bacterial broth (5 mL) via trachea. After 28 days from the day being challenged, the swine were scarified and the lungs thereof were collected for evaluating the immune effect. The evaluation of the immune effect was made according to the following criteria: any one of meddle upper lobes and upper lobes of any side of the lung observed of pathological trait was scored as 10 points; any of meddle upper lobe and diaphragmatic lobes of any side of the lung observed of pathological trait was scored as 5 points. The full score was 55 points. The observation records were shown in Table 4. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 4 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Evaluation of lung lesion in the challenge tests 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                   
                 Point of  
               
               
                   
                 Antigen(s) 
                 lung lesion 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 MHP30 
                 27 
               
               
                   
                 P46 
                 25 
               
               
                   
                 NrdFC 
                 26 
               
               
                   
                 Tuf 
                 23 
               
               
                   
                 MHP30 + NrdFC + P46 + Tuf 
                 17 
               
               
                   
                 PRIT-5 vaccine  
                 23 
               
               
                   
                 (positive control)  
                   
               
               
                   
                 No vaccine used  
                 30 
               
               
                   
                 (negative control) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0087]    According to the data shown in Table 4, it is clear that the subunit vaccines of the present invention were able to provide equivalent immune effects as conventional vaccine (Bayovac® MH-PRIT-5). Furthermore, the cocktail vaccine (contained the four antigens in one vaccine: P46, Tuf, MHP30, and NrdFC) exhibited better immune effect significantly than the conventional vaccine. To sum up, the present proteins indeed are suitable to be applied as active ingredients of vaccines and those proteins exhibited synergistic effect while being used in combination as cocktail vaccine. 
         [0088]    Those having ordinary skill in the art can readily understand any possible modifications based on the disclosure of the present invention without apart from the spirit of the present invention. Therefore, the examples above shall not be used for limiting the present invention but intend to cover any possible modifications under the spirit and scope of the present invention according to the claims recited hereinafter.