Abstract:
A power-on bias circuit including a first inverter having an input terminal and an output terminal, the input terminal functions as an input terminal of the power-up bias circuit; a second inverter having an input terminal and an output terminal, the output terminal of the second inverter functions as the output terminal for the power-on bias circuit; and a Schmitt Trigger circuit having an input terminal and an output terminal, wherein the input terminal of the Schmitt Trigger circuit is connected to the output terminal of the first inverter, the output terminal of the Schmitt Trigger circuit is connected to the input terminal of the second inverter, the first inverter, the second inverter and the Schmitt Trigger circuit are each in electrical communication with a voltage input terminal and ground.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
   The present invention generally relates to a semiconductor integrated circuit and more particularly, relates to a semiconductor integrated circuit incorporating a power-on bias circuit utilizing Schmitt trigger. 
   BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
   In the operation of electronic circuits, the peripheral circuits on an IC chip are frequently turned on before the core circuits. In the absence of a protection circuit, the peripheral circuits can be damaged by an excessive voltage when no bias voltage is first applied. A power-on bias circuit is therefore used to first bias the peripheral circuits into a high resistance condition prior to being turned on. 
   A conventional power-on bias circuit may be formed by connecting a number of inverters in series. One of such power-on bias circuit is shown in  FIG. 1 . A conventional power-on bias circuit  2  may be constructed by four inverters  12 ,  18 ,  24  and  30 . An input terminal  14  of the inverter  12  is electrically connected to the input terminal  4  of the core circuit. An output terminal  10  of the inverter  30  functions as the output terminal of the power-on bias circuit  2 . An output terminal  22  of the inverter  18  is electrically connected to the input terminal  26  of the inverter  24 . The output terminal  28  of the inverter  24  is electrically connected to the input terminal  20  of the inverter  18 , thus forming a feed-back circuit. 
   Referring now to  FIG. 2  wherein a circuit diagram for the power-on bias circuit  2  of  FIG. 1  is shown. As shown in  FIG. 2 , inverter  12  is constructed by a P-type transistor  34  and an N-type transistor  44 . The substrate  42  and the source region  38  of the P-type transistor  34  are electrically connected to an input terminal  6  of the input/output terminal. The substrate  52  and the source region  50  of the N-type transistor  44  are electrically connected to ground  8 . The gate  36  of the P-type transistor  34  and the gate  46  of the n-type transistor  44  are electrically connected to the input terminal  14  of the inverter  12 . The drain region  40  of the P-type transistor  34  and the drain region  48  of the N-type transistor  44  are electrically connected to the output terminal  16  of the inverter  12 . 
   The inverter  30  is constructed by the P-type transistor  94  and the N-type transistor  104 . The substrate  102  and the source region  98  of the P-type transistor  94  are electrically connected to the input terminal  6  of the input/output terminal. The substrate  112  and the source region  110  of the N-type transistor  104  are electrically connected to ground  8 . The gate  96  of the P-type transistor  94  and the gate  106  of the N-type transistor  104  are connected to the input terminal  32  of the inverter  30 . The drain region  100  of the P-type transistor  94  and the drain region  108  of the N-type transistor  104  are electrically connected to the output terminal  10  of the inverter  30 . 
   The inverter  18  and the inverter  24  forms a feedback loop. The substrate  62  and the source region  58  of the P-type transistor  54  in inverter  18  and the source region  78 , the substrate  82  of the P-type transistor  74  in inverter  24  are electrically connected to the input terminal  6  of the input/output terminal. The substrate  72  and source region  70  of N-type transistor  64  in inverter  18  and the substrate  92 , source region  90  of the N-type transistor  84  in inverter  24  are electrically connected to ground  8 . Furthermore, the gate  56  of the P-type transistor  54  and the gate  66  of the N-type transistor  64  are electrically connected to the input terminal  20  of the inverter  18 . The input terminal  20  of inverter  18  and the output terminal  16  of inverter  12  are connected to the output terminal  28  of inverter  24 . 
   Moreover, the gate  76  of the P-type transistor  74  and the gate  86  of the N-type transistor  84  are electrically connected to the input terminal  26  of the inverter  24 . The input terminal  26  of the inverter  24  is electrically connected to the input terminal  32  of the inverter  30  and the output terminal  22  of the inverter  18 . The output terminal  22  of the inverter  18  is formed by electrically connecting the drain region  60  of the P-type transistor  54  and the drain region  68  of the N-type transistor  64  together. The output terminal  28  of inverter  24  is formed by electrically connecting the drain region  80  of the P-type transistor  74  and the drain region  88  of the N-type transistor  84  together. 
   In the operation of the power-on bias circuit  2 , a high potential voltage signal is inputted into the input terminal  6  of the input/output terminal of the peripheral circuit. A voltage applied to the voltage input terminal  4  of the core circuit is determined by whether the core circuit is turned on. For instance, when the core circuit is not turned on, the voltage at the input terminal  4  is at a low potential. When the core circuit is turned on, the voltage at the voltage input terminal  4  is at a high potential. 
   Since inverter  18  and inverter  24  form a feedback circuit, the power-on bias circuit  2  presents a hysteresis characteristic. However, since inverter  18  and inverter  24  interfere with each other, the hysteresis characteristic of the power-on bias circuit  2  is poor such that the anti-noise capability of the circuit is poor. Furthermore, since the voltage potential at the input terminal  6  of the input/output terminal is maintained at a high potential, the leakage current that flows through inverter  12  is not reduced. The power consumption of the power-on bias circuit  2  is likewise not reduced. 
   It appears that while a smaller leakage current is present in a power-on bias circuit formed by inverters connected in series, the anti-noise capability of the power-on bias circuit is poor. In another conventional power-on bias circuit utilizing an inverter feedback circuit and two inverters connected in series, while the anti-noise capability is improved due to the hysteresis characteristics, the leakage current become larger which leads to higher power consumption. 
   It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a power-on bias circuit that is capable of producing a smaller leakage current and improved hysteresis characteristics. 
   It is another object of the present invention to provide a power-on bias circuit that does not have the drawbacks or shortcomings of the conventional power-on bias circuit. 
   It is a further object of the present invention to provide a method for operating a power-on bias circuit by incorporating a Schmitt trigger circuit such that the hysteresis window of the circuit is enlarged to improve the anti-noise capability and to reduce the leakage current. 
   SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
   In accordance with the present invention, a power-on bias circuit and a method for operating the circuit are provided. 
   In a preferred embodiment, the invention provides a power-on bias circuit that includes a first inverter, an input terminal of the first inverter functions as the core voltage input terminal for the power-on bias circuit; a second inverter, an output terminal of the second inverter functions as an output terminal of the power-on bias circuit; a Schmitt trigger circuit which includes a first P-type transistor and a second P-type transistor, wherein a substrate of the second P-type transistor, a substrate and a source region of the first P-type transistor are electrically connected to an input terminal of an input/output terminal of the power-on bias circuit; a source region of the second P-type transistor is electrically connected to the drain region of the first P-type transistor; a first N-type transistor and a second N-type transistor, wherein a gate of the first P-type transistor, a gate of the second P-type transistor, a gate of the first N-type transistor and a gate of the second N-type transistor are electrically connected to the input terminal of the Schmitt trigger circuit; an input terminal of the Schmitt trigger circuit is electrically connected to the output terminal of the first inverter, a substrate of the second N-type transistor, a substrate and a source region of the first N-type transistor are electrically connected to ground; a source region of the second N-type transistor is electrically connected to a drain region of the first N-type transistor; a third P-type transistor having a source region electrically connected to both the drain region of the first P-type transistor and the source region of the second P-type transistor; a drain region of the third P-type transistor is electrically connected to ground; a substrate of the third P-type transistor is electrically connected to an input terminal of an input/output terminal of the power-on bias circuit; a third N-type transistor having a source region electrically connected to both a drain region of the first N-type transistor and a source region of the second N-type transistor, a drain region of the third N-type transistor is electrically connected to an input terminal of an input/output terminal of the power-on bias circuit, a substrate of the third N-type transistor is electrically connected to ground, a drain region of the second P-type transistor, a drain region of the second N-type transistor, a gate of the third P-type transistor and a gate of the third N-type transistor are electrically connected to the output terminal of the Schmitt trigger circuit; the output terminal of the Schmitt trigger circuit is electrically connected to an input terminal of the second inverter. The first inverter and the second inverter can both be formed by a P-type transistor and an N-type transistor. 
   The present invention is further directed to a method for operating a power-on bias circuit including the steps of providing a power-on bias circuit; inputting a first voltage signal into the input terminal of the input/output terminal, inputting a second voltage signal into the core voltage input terminal, where the first voltage signal is high potential and the second voltage signal is low potential, a third voltage signal of high potential is outputted from the first inverter into the Schmitt trigger circuit, the first N-type transistor, the second N-type transistor and the third P-type transistor in the Schmitt trigger circuit are turned on; while the first P-type transistor, the second P-type transistor and the third N-type transistor are turned off; a fourth voltage signal of low potential is outputted from the Schmitt trigger circuit into the second inverter. Lastly, a fifth voltage signal of high potential is outputted from the second inverter as an output of the power-on bias circuit. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     These and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description and the appended drawings in which: 
       FIG. 1  is a schematic illustrating a block diagram for a conventional power-on bias circuit. 
       FIG. 2  is a schematic illustrating a detailed circuit diagram for the conventional power-on bias circuit of  FIG. 1 . 
       FIG. 3  is a schematic illustrating a block diagram for the present invention power-on bias circuit. 
       FIG. 4  is a schematic illustrating a detailed circuit diagram for the present invention power-on biased circuit of  FIG. 3 . 
   

   DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
   Referring initially to  FIG. 3 , wherein an implementation example of the present invention power-on bias circuit is shown in a block diagram. The present invention power-on bias circuit  600  is constructed by a Schmitt trigger circuit  122  and two inverters  120 ,  124 . Detailed circuit diagrams for the inverters  120 ,  124  and the Schmitt trigger circuit  122  are shown in  FIG. 4 . 
   As shown in  FIG. 4 , inverter  120  is constructed by a P-type transistor  140  and an N-type transistor  150 , while inverter  124  is constructed by P-type transistor  240  and N-type transistor  250 . The Schmitt trigger circuit  122  is constructed by a P-type transistor  300 , P-type transistor  320 , P-type transistor  340 , N-type transistor  360 , N-type transistor  380  and N-type transistor  400 . The gate  142  and the gate  152  of the P-type transistor  140  and the N-type transistor  150 , respectively are used as the input terminal  128  of the inverter  120  and are electrically connected to the core voltage input terminal  118 . The source region  144  and the substrate  148  of the P-type transistor  140  are electrically connected to the input terminal  116  of the input/output terminal. The source region  156  and the substrate  158  of the N-type transistor  150  are electrically connected to ground  126 . The drain region  146  of the P-type transistor  140  and the drain region  154  of the N-type transistor  150  are used as the output terminal  130  of the inverter  120 , and are electrically connected to the input terminal  132  of the Schmitt trigger circuit  122 . 
   The gate  242  of the P-type transistor  240  and the gate  252  of the N-type transistor  250  are used as the input terminal  136  for the inverter  124 , and are electrically connected to the output terminal  134  of the Schmitt trigger circuit  122 . The source region  244  and the substrate  248  of the P-type transistor  240  are electrically connected to the input terminal  116  of the input/output terminal. The source region  256  and the substrate  258  of the N-type transistor  250  are electrically connected to ground  126 . The drain region  246  of the P-type transistor  240  and the drain region  254  of the N-type transistor  250  are electrically connected to the output terminal  138  of the power-on bias circuit  600 . 
   The Schmitt trigger circuit  122  is constructed by P-type transistor  300 , P-type transistor  320 , P-type transistor  340 , N-type transistor  360 , N-type transistor  380  and N-type transistor  400 . The gate  302  of the P-type transistor  300 , the gate  322  of the P-type transistor  320 , the gate  362  of the N-type transistor  360  and the gate  382  of the N-type transistor  380  are electrically connected to the input terminal  132  of the Schmitt trigger circuit  122 . The substrate  328  of the P-type transistor  320 , the source region  304  and the substrate  308  of the P-type transistor  300  are connected to the input terminal  116  of the input/output terminal. The substrate  368  of the N-type transistor  360 , the source region  386  and the substrate  388  of the N-type transistor  380  are electrically connected to ground  126 . 
   The drain region  326  of the P-type transistor  320 , the drain region  364  of the N-type transistor  360 , the gate  342  of the P-type transistor  340  and the gate  402  of the N-type transistor  400  are electrically connected to the output terminal  134  of the Schmitt trigger circuit  122 . The source region  344  of the P-type transistor  340 , the source region  324  of the P-type transistor  320  and the drain region  306  of the P-type transistor  300  are electrically connected together. The drain region  346  of the P-type transistor  340  is electrically connected to ground  126 . The substrate  348  of the P-type transistor  340  is electrically connected to the input terminal  116  of the input/output terminal. The source region  406  of the N-type transistor  400 , the source region  366  of the N-type transistor  360  and the drain region  384  of the N-type transistor  380  are electrically connected together, the drain region  404  of the N-type transistor  400  is electrically connected to the input terminal  116  of the input/output terminal while the substrate  408  of the N-type transistor  400  is electrically connected to ground  126 . 
   When the peripheral circuits are first turned on before the turn on of the core circuits, a voltage signal of high potential is applied to the input terminal  116  of the input/output terminal. The voltage at the core voltage input terminal  118  is still maintained at a low potential, while the input terminal  128  of inverter  120  receives the low potential voltage signal, the P-type transistor  140  is turned on while the N-type transistor  150  is turned off. The output terminal  130  of the inverter  120  is charged by the high potential voltage at the input terminal  116  of the input/output terminal. 
   When the voltage at the output terminal  130  of the inverter  120  is increased to the high hysteresis voltage of the Schmitt trigger circuit  122 , the P-type transistor  300  and the P-type transistor  320  are turned off, while the N-type transistor  360  and the N-type transistor  380  are turned on. The drain region  326  of the P-type transistor  320 , the drain region  364  of the N-type transistor  360 , the gate  342  of the P-type transistor  340  and the gate  402  of the N-type transistor  400  are connected together at node  500  where the electrical potential is pulled down by the N-type transistor  360  and the N-type transistor  380  to the ground  126 . A low potential electrical voltage is thus present which causes the N-type transistor  400  to turn off and the P-type transistor  340  to turn on. A low potential voltage signal is thus outputted from the output terminal  134  of the Schmitt trigger circuit  122  to the inverter  124 . 
   After a low potential voltage signal is received by the input terminal  136  of the inverter  124 , the P-type transistor  240  is turned on while the N-type transistor  250  is turned off. A high potential voltage signal at the input terminal  116  of the input/output terminal is outputted from the output terminal  138  of the power-on bias circuit  600  through the P-type transistor  240 . The high potential voltage signal can thus control the operation of the circuit such that leakage current can be reduced before the core circuits are turned on. 
   When the voltage at the input terminal  116  of the input/output terminal is maintained at a high potential, and when the voltage at the core voltage input terminal  118  is maintained at a low potential, the power-on bias circuit  600  is activated such that its output terminal  138  is maintained at a high potential voltage signal to stabilize the power-on biased circuit  600 . 
   When the core circuits are turned on, by the application of a high potential voltage signal on the core voltage input terminal  118 , and simultaneously maintaining a high potential voltage at the input terminal  116  of the input/output terminal, the N-type transistor  150  of the inverter  120  is turned on. However, since the high potential voltage signal applied to the core voltage input terminal  118  is lower than the high potential voltage signal applied to the input terminal  116  of the input/out terminal, and since the substrate  148  and the source region  144  of the P-type transistor  140  are electrically connected to the input terminal  116  of the input/output terminal, as a result, even though the gate  142  of the P-type transistor  140  receives a high potential voltage signal, the P-type transistor  140  is not completely turned off. A small leakage current  502  flows from the P-type transistor  140  through the N-type transistor  150  to the ground  126 . 
   In order to reduce the leakage current  502 , the dimension of the N-type transistor  150  is fabricated such that it is larger than the dimension of the P-type transistor  140  during the fabrication of the two transistors. By the reduction in the dimension of the P-type transistor  140 , the leakage current  502  can be reduced. 
   Since N-type transistor  150  is turned on, the high voltage signal at the output terminal  130  of the inverter  120  is discharged at ground  126  through the N-type transistor  150 . When the voltage at the output terminal  130  of the inverter  120  is reduced to the low hysteresis voltage of the Schmitt trigger circuit  122 , the N-type transistor  360  and the N-type transistor  380  of the Schmitt trigger circuit  122  are turned off, while the P-type transistor  300  and the P-type transistor  320  are turned on. The high potential voltage signal at the input terminal  116  of the input/output terminal charges node  500  through the P-type transistor  300  and the P-type transistor  320  such that the node  500  presents a high potential voltage causing the P-type transistor  340  to turn off and the N-type transistor  400  to turn on. A high potential voltage signal is outputted from the output terminal  134  of the Schmitt trigger circuit  122  to the inverter  124 . 
   When a high potential voltage signal is received from the input terminal  136  of the inverter  124 , the P-type transistor  240  is turned off while the N-type transistor  250  is turned on, thus to activate the output of a low potential voltage signal from the output terminal  138  of the power-on bias circuit  600  and to stop controlling the other circuits. At this stage, both the peripheral circuits and the core circuits are turned on. 
   The effectiveness of the present invention power-on bias circuit is shown in Table 1 by data obtained on conventional power-on bias circuit and on present invention power-on bias circuit. The data presented includes the leakage current and the hysteresis window. 
   
     
       
             
             
             
           
             
             
             
             
           
         
             
                 
               TABLE 1 
             
             
                 
                 
             
             
                 
               Leakage 
               Hysteresis 
             
             
                 
               Current 
               Window 
             
             
                 
                 
             
           
           
             
                 
             
           
        
         
             
                 
               1 ST  Conventional 
               &lt;2 μA 
                0 mV 
             
             
                 
               Power-on bias circuit 
             
             
                 
               2 nd  Conventional 
               &lt;10 μA  
               200 mV 
             
             
                 
               Power-on bias circuit 
             
             
                 
               Present Invention 
               &lt;2 μA 
               400 mV 
             
             
                 
               Power-On bias circuit 
             
             
                 
                 
             
           
        
       
     
   
   The data indicates that by the conventional technique of connecting inverters in series as the power-on biased circuit, even though a smaller leakage current is obtained, there is no improvement in anti-noise immunity since no hysteresis characteristic is utilized. In the second conventional power-on bias circuit wherein a hysteresis window is utilized, a large leakage current is resulted while the hysteresis window is limited to about 200 mV at higher power consumption. In the present invention power-on bias circuit, not only a smaller leakage current is obtained, a large hysteresis window is also obtained such that there is sufficient anti-noise immunity and a low power consumption. 
   The present invention power-on bias circuit presents numerous benefits by using a Schmitt trigger circuit. The benefits include smaller leakage current and a wider hysteresis window, an improved anti-noise immunity and a low power consumption. The drawbacks of the conventional power-on bias circuit of large leakage current and poor hysteresis window have thus been remedied. 
   While the present invention has been described in an illustrative manner, it should be understood that the terminology used is intended to be in a nature of words of description rather than of limitation. 
   Furthermore, while the present invention has been described in terms of a preferred embodiment, it is to be appreciated that those skilled in the art will readily apply these teachings to other possible variations of the inventions. 
   The embodiment of the invention in which an exclusive property or privilege is claimed are defined as follows.