Abstract:
A payroll company makes use of networked peripherals located with a client company&#39;s employees to perform tasks like monitoring employee attendance at jobsites according to schedule, using attendance data to compute wages, benefits and insurance premiums, permitting instant employee access to payroll and benefit data, and permitting the client&#39;s managers to actively check up on employees&#39; statuses.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     This patent application claims the benefit of US provisional patent application “Payroll Management Using Networked Client Peripherals”, by Justin N. Smith, U.S. Ser. No. 61/772,635, filed Mar. 5, 2013. Said application is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference. 
    
    
     COPYRIGHT AND TRADEMARK NOTICE 
     A portion of the disclosure of this patent document contains material to which a claim for copyright is made. The copyright owner has no objection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent document or the patent disclosure, as it appears in the Patent and Trademark Office patent file or records, but reserves all other copyright rights whatsoever. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Smartphone Attendance Monitoring 
     Payroll companies provide payroll services to one or more client companies. A client company&#39;s employees are usually expected to work at defined locations between certain times. The location may be within an office, a factory, or some other defined area. Monitoring actual attendance is in practical terms difficult. Moreover, specific locations and times of attendance may have a complicated relationship with the wages and benefits earned, especially for hourly paid employees. 
     A typical payroll company will allow a client to specify workers and job locations, but will require direct input of data on hours worked by employee by pay period at various locations, with separation of hours into various time codes, such as: regular; overtime; or double-time. Separate time-management software is available which can compute these aggregates from records of more basic data on clock-in and clock-out event times. Some payroll companies may even have software that combines time-management tools with payroll data collection and processing. 
     Time management systems are easiest for the client company to use when employees themselves can perform clock-in and clock-out events, using a system which collects this data centrally. However, to date this has only really been practical for employees in office environments who work at networked computers all day. Software can be put on the networked computer to handle the clocking events, and if the software cannot be installed elsewhere, there is some limited assurance that the employee who is supposed to be doing the work is the one who is clocking in and out. 
     However, many workers do not work at computers often. This includes many types of workers with complicated payroll requirements, for example construction workers, electricians, and other blue collar trades. The complications for these workers start with overtime calculations. Rules regarding overtime and other shift payments are often complex. Overtime may include hours worked beyond a set total per day as well as per week or pay period, and may also include hours worked outside a preset shift or hours beyond a certain continuous interval without a break. 
     Many of these workers divide their time between jobsites which may have different payroll-related requirements. For example, workers near a state boundary may work some hours in a neighboring state, and may be subject to different reporting requirements by state. 
     Requirements may also be complicated within states. For example, workers compensation premiums for many construction workers in New York State must be computed differently based on the number of hours worked in each county. Minimum wage requirements vary by state, county and sometimes also municipality, and must typically be obeyed for the work done in each location. 
     Recording and entering all the required data for such workers is typically extremely onerous, but, as stated above, traditional time clocks or PC-based software may be used. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       FIG. 1  shows the various possible relationships  100  between physical devices used in a proposed payroll management processes. Horizontal bar  102  represents the internet. Direct internet connections (wired or wireless) are shown by solid connecting lines. Above the horizontal bar are a payroll company&#39;s server  104  and third party satellite(s)  106  used in a location checking process. All items shown below the horizontal bar are located with the client company&#39;s employees. They may be owned by the client, or by the employees, or by a payroll company. Ownership of the devices should be unimportant. Special software which may be owned and distributed by the payroll company will be used to configure the various devices to perform the required tasks. Items in  112 ,  114  and  116  are exemplary employee work locations. Items  122  and  124  are telecommunication devices that are with employees when they are not at work. Specific labeled items are:
         The payroll company&#39;s central server  104  comprising a store of master payroll and benefit records, linked as needed to other payroll company systems for billing, printing, insurance management, etc.   The internet  102  or other computer-to-computer communications network, such as M-2-M, digital cell phone, analog cell phone, wired, fiber optic, or other network. As used herein, a “computer” refers to a digital electronic device that comprises a microprocessor, input device, output device, permanent memory and computer readable instructions stored within said permanent memory, said computer readable instructions being able to cause said microprocessor to read in data from said input device, process said input data and generate output data to control said output device. Servers, smart phones, and all digital computing devices described herein comprise a computer.   A client employee&#39;s smartphone  122  with an active internet link but not located at a defined jobsite.   A client employee&#39;s smartphone  124  without an active internet link and not located at a defined jobsite.   A client&#39;s truck  114  driven by an employee with a smartphone  115  in his/her possession.   A client&#39;s factory  116  where an employee is at work with his/her smartphone  117 .   A client&#39;s office location  112  where various employees and peripherals are located.   A local area network hub  132  located in the client&#39;s office. All peripherals connected to this hub can be considered to be at a work location.   An employee&#39;s work computer  134  connected to the LAN at his/her office.   A Wi-Fi hub  136  connected to the office LAN. Peripherals connected to the Wi-Fi hub (in the “WAN”) can be considered to be at a work location.   The limit range  138  of the Wi-Fi network.   An employee&#39;s computer  142  connected to the WAN.   An employee&#39;s smartphone  144  connected to the WAN.   A client manager&#39;s computer  146  connected to the LAN.   A satellite  106  forming part of a location tracking system such as GPS which can be used by smartphones and similar peripherals.       

    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a schematic of a system for monitoring employee location. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The detailed description describes non-limiting exemplary embodiments. Any individual features may be combined with other features as required by different applications for at least the benefits described herein. As used herein, the term “about” means plus or minus 10% of a given value unless specifically indicated otherwise. 
     Smartphone Attendance Monitoring 
     A way around the difficulties described herein is to put attendance management software on smartphones or similar devices which employees then keep in their possession while they work. Most employees already carry sufficiently capable smartphones. The software controlling said smartphones will do the following:
         1. The software will allow the employee to “clock in” and “clock out” when the phone is within a defined acceptable area and time shift.   2. The software will send all collected data via an internet or telephone connection to the payroll company&#39;s server.   3. The payroll company&#39;s server will collect all data and send necessary data and reports back to the client and its employees. Data may be transmitted directly from one client peripheral to another insofar as those peripherals form part of the internet link. All communication through such peripherals will be encrypted to prevent the client from bypassing any system controls.   4. The employer may define acceptable work areas, for example, by drawing perimeters on a map in software maintained by the payroll company, or by specifying acceptable network connections.   5. The employer may also define schedules for each employee.   6. Presence within an acceptable area may be assessed in one of the following ways or combinations thereof:
           a. The phone (or similar device) may have access to a satellite-driven location system, such as GPS, which the software on the phone will access, then compare against the acceptable perimeters.   b. The phone may allow the software to use triangulation data from local cellphone towers, which the software will compare against the acceptable perimeters.   c. The phone may connect to a Wi-Fi or wired network which the employer has designated to be acceptable. For example, a Wi-Fi network operating within a warehouse building. Such networks are especially useful because they often exist in locations where broader wireless phone or other networks are inaccessible, such as strongly constructed concrete buildings.   
           7. The specific phone location will be monitored at regular short intervals between clock-in and clock-out events, and transmitted automatically to the payroll company&#39;s server. Time spent within each significant area for payroll purposes will be computed automatically by a machine attached to the payroll company&#39;s server. The amount of “clocked” time spent outside defined worksites will be transmitted to the client, so they can consider taking action against employees who spend “too much” time away from work.   8. A surprising benefit of collecting this data for the client is a possible reduction in workers compensation (WC) liabilities and fraud. To be compensable under WC rules, an employee must suffer injury arising in the course of and arising out of their work. So, an employee would generally be covered for injuries suffered while traveling between assigned worksites, but not if they make a detour on the way, to run some personal errand. The location data tracked by the software could be used to identify such injuries.   9. A further surprising benefit of the system derives to the payroll company directly. Hours to be worked may be required to be scheduled in advance and sent to employees&#39; devices via the payroll company&#39;s server. The payroll company will then have advance notice before any employee is employed. This prevents a common type of fraud whereby an employer pays a worker “under the table” unless and until that worker is injured and wishes to make a WC claim, at which point the employer announces to the payroll company and WC insurance provider that the worker has “just” been hired. By this means, the employer avoids paying WC insurance premiums until an injury occurs. This is to the detriment of the WC insurance provider and honest employers (who ultimately share the burden in the form of higher premium rates). Being uniquely able to supply the insurance provider with “clean” data, free of this type of fraud, will allow the payroll company to derive a benefit by extracting for its clients a reduction in premium rates, part of which will ultimately accrue to the payroll company via its fee income from the client.       

     While much of the description above supposes the use of smartphones as the peripherals carried by employees, other devices could also be used, including tablet computers or laptop computers. Similar software could also be rolled out for desktop computer users, so that all of a client&#39;s employees have access all the time to the payroll system through the peripheral that would typically be their “computer of choice”. This includes regular office workers who typically sit at desktop computers, and workers who sometimes travel and sometimes stay at their desk (such as many supervisory staff). Analog phones may also be used. 
     Mobile Employees and Distance Traveled 
     Certain employees do not work at fixed worksites. These include, for example, traveling salesmen and truckers. These employees pose unique challenges and opportunities to the system.
         1. Many smartphones, tablet computers and other peripherals have access to satellite-driven location-tracking systems such as GPS. A module could be added in to the payroll company&#39;s software to allow specifying routes which an employee should follow on the job. For example, a trucker might be expected to drive from San Francisco to Phoenix on a given day. GPS tracking data recorded by the software in the trucker&#39;s smartphone could be used to monitor completion of assigned routes.   2. Timekeeping along a set route may or may not be important to the client. Some employees are paid piece rates by distance traveled. For these employees, data from a vehicle odometer is often used to compute wage amounts, and would likely be preferred over data from the smartphone. The smartphone could still be used to find employee locations at any given time, and to provide data which is readily accessible to systems which prepare performance management reports.   3. Some employees are expected to travel as far as possible but do not have set routes, or have very complex routes. These employees may or may not be in vehicles equipped with odometers. For example, this category includes, security guards, local delivery drivers, tractor drivers, yard workers, and cleaning staff. For these workers, the client may specify that the payroll company&#39;s server produce a regular report which breaks down the total distance traveled by employee by pay period.
           a. This category of employees may include some who are expected to be mobile, but within a large jobsite. For example, field workers on a farm. These workers could be subject to distance-traveled reporting and also worksite attendance checking.   
           4. Additional benefits from data on distance traveled may accrue through the WC rate setting process, in two ways:
           a. Using data on distance traveled by employees, it may be possible to identify subclasses of employees, within traditional rating classes, which have a characteristically greater or lesser exposure to risk of injury in accordance with differences in travel distance or pattern. For example, it might be found that pizza delivery workers travel further and faster than other delivery drivers.   b. Using data on distance traveled by employees, the payroll company can check for undesirable work patterns and fraud by the client in the description of its business and the activities of its employees. To continue the prior example, if a pizza shop has described itself as not doing any delivery, then its workers should not travel far on the job. Material inaccuracies in descriptions given to the insurer in the initial application for insurance may be sufficient grounds for cancellation or non-renewal of the client, which provides a benefit via reduced losses to the insurer.   
               

     Employee Access to Payroll and Benefit Data 
     Since every employee of the client will have software from the payroll company on a peripheral device in their possession with some access to the payroll company&#39;s server, it is natural to provide some employee access to wage and benefit data. This would typically include schedules, hours worked, wages earned, or benefits accrued. Providing this personal financial data may have a surprising side benefit. The employee will need to have a method to verify their identity to access such data, which may be a PIN or password or similar standard protocol comprising personal security code. For various actions within the payroll system, we need to ensure that the employee is performing the action and not someone else acting on his/her behalf. These include clocking in, clocking out, and responding to audit inquiries. By using the same login protocol for these actions as for access to the employee&#39;s personal data, we can substantially discourage fraud, because most employees will weigh the cost of providing access to their personal data as being larger than the benefit of being able to defeat the attendance-checking routines. 
     Active Attendance Audits 
     So far we have simply presumed that employees remain present with the peripherals used to monitor their location throughout the periods of time when they are recorded as being in attendance. We can add mechanisms to encourage full attendance by auditing this behavior.
         1. The payroll company server may at intervals send a message to the employee&#39;s peripheral, which causes the software on that peripheral to issue an audible and/or visible alert to the employee. The employee must respond by entering a secret code within a specified time interval. If the code is not entered, the employee&#39;s attendance will be provisionally struck out and the employer will be informed.   2. The employer may choose any action, including letting the strike-out stand or overturning it, and/or implementing their own separate punishment actions.   3. The time allowed for entry of the secret code should be long enough to allow for workers to down tools safely or return from a short break. Ten minutes is adequate in many situations, although this and other parameters could be variable by employee at the client&#39;s discretion.   4. The secret code should be one that employees will not willingly share with their fellows, to discourage fraud. Suitable codes would include: the employee&#39;s SSN; or the PIN or password used to access the employee&#39;s payroll and benefit data in the payroll company&#39;s system.   5. The interval between messages being sent out could be random, following, for example, a Poisson process, where the Poisson parameter is settable by employee or employee type and is under the ultimate control of the client.   6. Messages could also be sent out at specific times as requested by the client.   7. The client&#39;s manager&#39;s access to the payroll company&#39;s software would include tools for managing and monitoring the results of attendance audits.       

     Miscellaneous Considerations 
     All data communications from client peripherals to the payroll company&#39;s server should be strongly encrypted.