Abstract:
The invention relates to a valve for admitting atmospheric air into the waste pipe system in response to pressure reduction in the system for protecting the water traps in the system and to prevent atmospheric discharge of contaminated air from the waste pipe system. The valve consists of a valve body having at least two air inlet openings in communication with the atmospheric air, each of the openings alternating with a passage towards the waste pipe system, the openings and passages being equally distributed within the valve housing viewed in horizontal cross-section about the valve seat level. The valve member resting, in a normal closed position, on the valve seat separating the openings from the passages and having a substantially butterfly shaped sealing surface for a valve embodiment having two diametrically opposed openings situated perpendicular respectively to two diametrically opposed passages.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention relates to an air admittance valve to be connected to a sanitary waste pipe system in order to protect the water traps in the system and to prevent communication between waste pipes or sewers systems with surrounding atmosphere, said valve opens automatically to admit outside atmospheric air into the pipe system upon presence of a pressure drop within said pipe system. 
     A building drainage and vent system involves, in normal operating conditions, the establishment of an induced air flow within the vertical stacks of the system due to the unsteady water downfall generated by any appliance discharge. In order to protect the habitable space against contaminated odours, each appliance is normally protected by a water trap seal. Variation due to water downfall within the drainage system, generates occasional variations in air pressure that are often capable of disturbing these water trap seals either by siphonage due to a sudden under-pressure in the system or as a result of back pressures following air path closures by water surcharge. 
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART 
     Specially designed air admittance valves have been introduced to avoid said inconveniences and also offers the possibility of avoiding the necessity to vent the waste pipe system outside the roof of the building as said valves only open in response to sub-atmospheric pressure conditions in the waste pipe system. 
     Preferably, said valves are designed to assure a maximum possible air inlet flow from the air inlet of the valve to the waste pipe system while passing through the temporary opened valve membrane. 
     The U.S. Pat. No. 4,232,706, in the name of the applicant, discloses an automatic valve device in which a vertical tube, constituting the body of the valve, comprises at its upper end a constriction in the form of a Venturi which co-operates with a cover so as to form a peripheral air inlet provided with an annular valve member situated at the exterior of the constriction and which can be tilted when a negative pressure occurs in the pipes while permitting the fresh air to penetrate into the vertical waste water pipe and which, when the pressure is equilibrated or when there is overpressure, occupies a closed position in which the escape of contaminated air is prevented. 
     Said valve comprises an annular peripheral opening which distributes the air inlet, in case of lifting of the annular valve member, towards the vertical tube in connection with the waste pipe. Although this device gives generally very good results with an increased air inlet capacity due to the venturi shaped tube, it may happen, in particular circumstances that some turbulence may occur between the annular air inlet opening and the passage to the waste pipe. Said turbulence may occur when all of the air flow coming from the outer diameter of the annular valve member, in lifted position, is forced to be concentrated into a central tube portion of the pipe system having a smaller diameter and generally a smaller section than the overall annular valve section and will reduce, in some extend, the air inlet capacity. 
     In valves of this kind, the circular or annular valve member is generally resting on two concentric valve seats having each a circular sealing surface. In case of deformation or distortion of the valve member, problems could occur with the necessary airtight closure of said valve member with at least one of the two sealing surfaces. 
     An other kind of air admittance valve is disclosed in the parent document CH 201 565. This valve contains two diametrically opposed air inlet openings alternating with two diametrically opposed peripheral grooves connecting the upper surface of a circular disc shaped valve member with the waste pipe system. The air flow distribution in said valve is very limited, especially through the two narrow grooves, so that this kind of valve only can be used for one single sanitary appliance. 
     Patent document EP 0 409 506 discloses a valve device in which an annular peripheral air inlet is in communication with the lower face of an disc shaped valve member through one single radial passage. This passage disturbs the air flow towards the waste pipe system upon opening of the valve member. Obviously, the bad distribution of the air flow passages will create important turbulence in the air inlet and have a negative effect on the air inlet capacity of the valve. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     A first object of the invention is to provide an automatic air admittance valve avoiding as much as possible the air turbulence within the valve by providing a optimum distribution in the vicinity of the valve function elements between the air inlet openings and the passages towards the waste pipe. 
     A second object of the invention is to provide a well balanced valve member shape and corresponding valve seat opening, allowing an optimum air distribution within the valve and providing a maximum lifting power to the valve member, the valve seat having only one sealing surface reducing the possible leakage problems of the valve member in closed position. 
     A third object of the invention is to provide the interior surface of the valve body with a plurality of means to improve the evacuation and collection of condensed water and to divert it into the waste pipe. 
     A fourth object of the invention is to incorporate grid netting immediately in the moulding of the valve housing, both in the air inlet openings and in the passages to the waste pipe, some of the grid elements being provided with enlarged portions in order to support the valve member in case of overpressure or fire in the waste pipe system. 
     A fifth object of the invention is to provide an air admittance valve for sanitary waste pipe systems which is easy to manufacture comprising only three components, each of them being directly obtain ed by a moulding process. 
     The above objects are achieved in accordance with the to principles of the present invention which are described more particularly in the annexed set of claims. 
     Numerous characteristics, advantages and features of the invention will appear from the following description of embodiments of the valve according to the invention and in which reference is made to drawings in which: 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG.  1 : is an exploded view of a valve according to the invention, showing the three main components; 
     FIG. 2 is a sectional view of an assembled valve, similar to FIG. 1; 
     FIG.  3 : is an enlarged view of a detail in FIG. 2, in which is shown the valve function elements, including the valve member resting on the valve seat; 
     FIG.  4 : is a top view of the lower part of the valve body showing respectively two air inlet openings and two passages towards the waste pipe. 
     FIG.  5 : is a detailed sectional view along the line A—A in FIG. 4; 
     FIG.  6 : is cross sectional view of the lower part of the valve body along the line B—B in figure; 
     FIG.  7 : is a lateral view of the lower part of the valve body seen from arrow P in figure; 
     FIGS.  8  and  9 : are partial sectional views along respectively the lines C—C and D—D in FIG. 7; 
     FIG.  10 : is a sectional view in accordance with FIG. 2, but showing another embodiment of an assembled valve according to the invention. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     As shown in FIG. 1, the air admittance valve, according to the present invention, comprises a valve body  10  having a lower part comprising a vertical tubular member  12  adapted to be connected to a sanitary waste pipe (not shown) being part of a sanitary waste water pipe system. 
     According to the invention, the upper end of the tubular member  12  has a conical shaped restriction  13  which is closed at its extremity (see also FIG.  2 ). The conical upper portion  13  of the tubular member  12  is provided with two diametrically opposed passages  14  each of which has a moulded-in grid  16  to prevent strange objects, such as animals or insects, to enter the waste pipe system. 
     The conical upper portion  13  of the tubular member  12  is surrounded by an oblong bowl-shaped housing  20 , extending upwards from the tubular member  12  and having, an upper edge  22  which is situated about an horizontal plane H crossing the upper extremity of the conical portion  13  of the tubular member  12 . 
     The space between the bowl-shaped housing  20  and the conical portion  13  of the tubular member  12  is subdivided by a partition  26  into mutually opposed orthogonally arranged pairs of first and second chambers. 
     The first pair of chambers are delimited by the partition  26  and closed sections  28  of the conical portion  13  and are in communication with the surrounding atmosphere via openings  30  in the bowl-shaped housing  20 . 
     The second pair of chambers are delimited by the partition  26  and the bowl-shaped housing  20  and are in communication with the lower tubular member  12  via the passages  14  in the conical portion  13  of the tubular member  12 . 
     The upper edge of the partition  26  is located about the horizontal plane H and is configured so as to form a valve seat  24 . 
     A valve member  34  is carried on the upper edge of the partition  26  and is normally seated on the valve seat  24  to isolate the first pair of chambers  18  from the second pair of chambers  19  when the internal pressure in the waste pipe system is at least equal to the atmospheric pressure. 
     The valve member  34  is lifted or elevated above the valve seat  24  in response to a lowering of the internal pressure below the atmospheric pressure to hereby place the first pair of chambers  18  in communication with the second pair of chambers  19 , thus admitting atmospheric air into the waste pipe system connected to the lower tubular member  12 . 
     The valve member  34  and the corresponding valve seat  24  have preferably a butterfly shaped form which is positioned in a longitudinal direction inside the oblong bowl-shaped housing  20 . 
     The openings  30  in the bowl-shaped housing are also provided with a grid  36  to avoid interference between the valve member  34  with any foreign object. 
     According to the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to  6 , the closed extremity of the conical portion of the tubular member  12 , is provided with a closed cavity  32  extending downwards and being arranged as a fixed female guiding mean for the valve member  34  which is, for that purpose provided with a projection  35  (movable male guiding mean) having similar dimensions as the cavity  32 . 
     The valve member  34  has a particular shape so as to match with the butterfly shaped valve seat  24  and is realised out of two different materials the main part  34  in hard plastic material and the peripheral border part  38  in soft plastic material. 
     These two parts being heat fused together preferably in a way as explained in European Patent EP 0 701 504 in the name of the applicant. 
     Only the soft and flexible peripheral border  38  of the valve member  34  is in contact with the valve seat  24  so as to obtain a tightly closed condition when the valve member  34  is in normal closed position (see also FIG.  3 ). 
     Means are also provided to prevent stagnation of condensed water within the valve housing. 
     As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the area between the upper edge  22  of the bowl-shaped housing  20  and the valve seat  24  is provided with a gutter  23 , the bottom of which is rounded so as to facilitate the evacuation of falling drops of condensed water towards the tubular member  12  connected to the waste pipe system. 
     In order to improve the air inlet flow, the grid  36  of the openings  30  are made of elements having an aerodynamic or droplet-like cross section, as can be seen in FIGS. 8 and 9 of the drawings. 
     Preferably, at least two of said grid elements  37  are provided with an enlarged flattened upper region so as to support the valve member  34  in case heavy overpressure occurs in the waste pipe system. Also in case of fire in the waste pipe system, the fire resistant main part of the valve member  34  can be supported by the grid elements  37 . Indeed, due to the soft and flexible outer edge  38 , the valve member  34  could be drawn downwards and could be stuck beneath the level of the valve seat  24  in case of heavy overpressure or fire in the waste pipe system. 
     Of course, it is also be possible to provide the elements of the grid  16  of the passages  14  with a aerodynamic drop-like shaped cross section. 
     Finally, the valve body  10  is closed with an upper lid  40 , closing the upper edge  22  of the bowl-shaped housing  20  in a complete air-tight manner. 
     The side walls  42  of the upper lid  40  are slightly conical with the same purpose to facilitate the evacuation of condensed water. For the same reason, the upper wall of the lid  40  is slightly rounded and the inner surface of said wall are provided with radially arranged ribs  44  to evacuate the condensation of water towards the periphery. 
     In case the pressure in the waste pipe drops below the atmospheric pressure, the valve member  34 , which lower surface is in communication with the atmospheric air pressure and which upper surface is in communication with the waste pipe pressure, will promptly be tilted upwards, allowing the atmospheric air to enter through the openings  30  and the vertical gap, created between the valve seat  24  and the peripheral border  38  of the valve member  34 , towards the passages  14  of the tubular member  12  and into the waste pipe system. 
     The valve according to the invention and in particular the special butterfly shaped surface of the valve function elements, i.e. the valve member  34  and valve seat  24 , provide a maximum lifting power of the valve member on the one hand and a well balanced distribution of the air flow passage within the valve body on the other hand. 
     In order to obtain said well balanced distribution of the air flow, it is important that the total surface of the air flow passage area through the open valve function elements  24 ,  34  is substantially equal to the total surface of the air inlet openings  30 . 
     For an optimum valve capacity it is also important that the total surface of the air flow passage through the open valve function elements  24 ,  34  is substantially equal to the total surface of the passages  14  from the valve function elements towards the waste pipe system as well as to the inner surface of the tubular member  12 . 
     To improve the function of the valve and in particular the lifting power of the valve member  34  from its seat  24 , it is also important that the ratio between the total surface inside the periphery of the valve seat  24  and the total surface left between the seat  24  and the inner side of the bowl-shaped housing  20  (representing the possible depression zone) is preferably less than 1. 
     In case more than two openings are to be provided, alternating with more than two passages, the shape of the valve seat and corresponding valve member will have to be adapted. Instead of a butterfly shaped valve member one could obtain a triangular or shamrock shaped valve member. 
     Another embodiment of the invention, representing another possible guiding arrangement of the valve member, is shown on FIG.  10 . 
     According to said embodiment the inner surface of upper lid  50  is provided with at least two projections  52  (fixed male guiding means) extending downwards until about the horizontal level H, and engaging corresponding cavities  62  (movable female guiding means) are provided on the main part of the valve member  64 . 
     Upon occasional lifting of the valve member  64 , said valve will be guided with its cavities  62  by means of the projections  52  fixed onto the upper lid  50 . In this case the air inlet flow will even be increased because the guiding, cavities  62  will retract themselves partly away from the air inlet flow during the lifting of the valve member  64 . 
     In order to improve the guiding characteristics, the projections  52  could also be made out of metal. 
     According to this invention, the guiding of the valve member during the lifting up and lowering sequence, can be obtained either by means of a fixed female guide  32  and a male guide  35 , which is part of the valve member, or by means of fixed male guides  52  and movable female guide  62  incorporated in the valve member. 
     Tests have shown that the capacity of the valve according to the present invention has significantly improved with respect to the existing air admittance valves. 
     The purpose of the embodiments described herewith is only to illustrate the invention while still other variations are possible without falling out of the scope of the invention as expressed in the following claims. 
     LEGEND OF THE REFERENCE NUMERALS 
       10 : lower part of the valve housing 
       12 : tubular member 
       13 : upper conical portion of  12   
       14 : passages towards the upper part of the valve 
       16 : passage grid 
       18 : first pair of chambers 
       19 : second pair of chambers 
       20 : oblong bowl-shaped housing 
       22 : upper edge of the housing  20   
       24 : valve seat 
       23 : gutter 
       26 : partition 
       28 : closed sections of the conical portion  13   
       30 : air inlet openings 
       32 : cavity 
       34 : valve member 
       35 : projection (male guide) 
       36 : air-inlet opening grid 
       37 : supporting grid element 
       38 : peripheral border of  34   
       40 : upper lid 
       42 : side wall 
       44 : ribs 
       50 : upper lid 
       52 : guiding projections 
       62 : cavities (female guide) 
       64 : valve member