Abstract:
Rainwater collection apparatus comprises a tank with a catchment cone above it. Between an outlet at the bottom of the cone and an inlet at the top of the tank is a sediment trap which comprises an annular chamber. An inlet pipe with openings near its upper end extends into the chamber, so that when the chamber overflows in use, the container is filled. Drain valves permit flushing of the sediment trap. The apparatus may form part of a system which includes storage, purification and bottling equipment.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0001]    THIS invention relates to apparatus for collecting and bottling rainwater.  
           [0002]    The collection of rainwater for drinking, gardening and other domestic purposes is well known. Typically, a water tank is arranged to be fed by a downpipe which channels water from a sloping roof into the tank. The tank is provided with a tap to allow stored rainwater to be drawn off.  
           [0003]    Rainwater collected in this way is of dubious purity, and is likely to be contaminated by airborne dirt and dust which has collected on the roof, plant matter such as leaves and pollen, insects, bird and animal droppings, and industrial pollutants.  
           [0004]    It is an object of the invention to provide an alternative system for collecting rainwater.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0005]    According to the invention there is provided rainwater collection apparatus comprising:  
           [0006]    a container having an inlet and an outlet;  
           [0007]    a catchment element having an outlet and defining a surface shaped to receive rainwater and to channel it towards the outlet; and  
           [0008]    a sediment trap disposed between the outlet of the catchment element and the inlet of the container, the sediment trap comprising a chamber in communication with the outlet of the catchment element and the inlet of the container and extending below the level of the inlet of the container, so that rainwater flowing from the outlet of the catchment element flows into the chamber of the sediment trap, and then into the container when the rainwater in the chamber overflows through the inlet of the container.  
           [0009]    The catchment element may be a cone supported above the container.  
           [0010]    Preferably, the cone has a diameter equal to or greater than that of the container.  
           [0011]    The cone and the container may be incorporated in a free-standing structure.  
           [0012]    In an alternative embodiment, the catchment element may comprise a flexible sheet supported on a substrate shaped to define a rainwater receiving and channeling surface.  
           [0013]    The substrate may be the ground, the container then being sunken into the ground below the catchment element.  
           [0014]    The sediment trap may comprise an annular chamber disposed about the inlet of the container.  
           [0015]    The inlet of the container may be formed in a conduit disposed within the chamber and comprise at least one opening in a side wall of the conduit.  
           [0016]    The apparatus may include at least one drainage conduit in communication with the chamber of the sediment trap, and a valve arranged to control liquid flow through the drainage conduit.  
           [0017]    Preferably, the valve is electrically controlled.  
           [0018]    The apparatus may include a first liquid flow sensor arranged to detect a flow of liquid from the chamber into the drainage conduit and to generate an output signal in response thereto, and a controller responsive to the output signal to open the valve to flush the chamber for a period of time and then to close the valve again.  
           [0019]    The apparatus may further include a second liquid flow sensor arranged to detect a flow of liquid from the chamber into the inlet of the container and to generate an output signal in response thereto, the controller being responsive to the output signal to open the valve for a period of time and then to close the valve again thereby to drain the chamber when the flow of liquid into the inlet of the container ceases.  
           [0020]    The invention extends to a rainwater collection and bottling system comprising rainwater collection apparatus as defined above, at least one storage container for receiving rainwater from the rainwater collection apparatus, purification apparatus for purifying the rainwater, and a bottling plant for bottling the purified rainwater.  
           [0021]    The system may further include carbonation apparatus for carbonating the purified rainwater. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0022]    [0022]FIG. 1 is a sectional schematic view of rainwater collection apparatus of the invention;  
         [0023]    [0023]FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating several of the rainwater collection apparatus arranged in conjunction with a purification and bottling plant; and  
         [0024]    [0024]FIG. 3 is a simplified block schematic diagram of a valve control circuit associated with the apparatus of FIG. 1. 
     
    
     DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS  
       [0025]    The present invention is aimed at the collection of rainwater in bulk, and the purification and bottling thereof. However, the rainwater collection apparatus described below could be employed on a smaller scale, for example, for domestic purposes.  
         [0026]    Referring first to FIG. 1, the rainwater collection apparatus comprises a tank  10  which is supported above the ground on a frame  12 . The tank  10  will typically be fairly large, for example of the order of 5 000 to 10 000 litres in capacity, and is constructed from a food grade material such as high density polyethylene or stainless steel. The tank has an outlet  50  controlled by a valve.  
         [0027]    Above the tank  10  and supported by the cylindrical wall thereof is a catchment element in the form of a cone  14 , which defines a surface for receiving rainwater and for channeling it towards the truncated tip of the cone, in which an annular outlet  16  is formed. In an alternative embodiment, the cone may have a diameter which is substantially greater than that of the tank  10 , as indicated by the broken line in FIG. 1.  
         [0028]    Below the outlet  16  is a sediment trap comprising an annular chamber  18  into which an inlet pipe  20  of the container protrudes from below. The upper end  22  of the pipe  20  is sealed, but a set of apertures  24  in the side walls of the pipe  20  adjacent the upper end thereof communicate with the annular interior of the chamber  18 . From the lower end of the chamber  18 , a pair of drainage pipes  26  extend outwardly and terminate at the outer wall of the container  10  in first and second solenoid-controlled valves  28 . 1  and  28 . 2  which permit periodic flushing and draining of the sediment trap. The chamber  18  has smoothly rounded inner surfaces to prevent the collection of dirt.  
         [0029]    Located within the chamber  18  are first and second liquid flow sensors or flow switches  40  and  42 . The first flow switch  40  is located adjacent the upper end of one of the drainage pipes  26  and is arranged to detect a flow of liquid into the drainage pipe  26 . The second flow switch  42  is located at the upper inner edge of the chamber  18 , adjacent to an aperture  24 , and is arranged to sense a flow of liquid from the chamber  18  through the aperture  24  into the inlet pipe  20  of the container.  
         [0030]    Referring now to FIG. 3, outputs of the first and second flow switches  40  and  42  are connected to respective inputs of a programmable logic controller (PLC)  44  which has outputs  46  and  48  connected to the first and second solenoid valves  28 . 1  and  28 . 2 .  
         [0031]    Assuming that the chamber  18  and the drainage pipes  26  are empty, rainwater falling into the collection cone and being channeled into the chamber  18  will flow across the first flow switch  40  into the drainage pipe  26 , and this flow is thus detected by the PLC  44 . The PLC responds by activating its output  46  to open both the first and second solenoid valves  28 . 1  and  28 . 2  for a predetermined period programmed into the PLC and then to close the valves  28 . 1  and  28 . 2  again. This period is selected to ensure sufficient flushing of accumulated dust or other foreign matter in the collection cone and the chamber  18  before collection of rainwater begins. The valves are then closed.  
         [0032]    Once the sediment trap  18  has been flushed and the solenoid valves  28 . 1  and  28 . 2  are closed, rainwater received by the catchment cone  14  will flow into the sediment trap until it reaches the level of the openings  24  in the pipe  20 , and will then flow into the container  10 .  
         [0033]    The second flow sensor  42  detects and monitors the flow of water into the container  10 . As soon as water stops flowing across this flow sensor, indicating either that rain has ceased to fall or that the container  10  is full, the PLC activates its second output  48  to open the first and second solenoid valves  28 . 1  and  28 . 2  for a predetermined period and then to close the valves  28 . 2  and  28 . 2  again. This serves to empty remaining water from the sediment trap, preventing contamination of the collected rainwater in the container  10  which could occur if more rain should fall after debris has fallen into the remaining water.  
         [0034]    Referring now to FIG. 2, a number of containers  10  are shown, arranged together in a “farm”. A food grade tanker  30  is used to collect the contents of the containers and to transport it to a storage, filtration and bottling plant. This plant can be located at the same site as the container farm, or remotely.  
         [0035]    The contents of the tanker  30  are pumped into a storage tank  32 , which is also a food grade tank. The storage tank  32  (or a number of such tanks) is preferably housed in a closed area which is maintained under positive pressure, to avoid the ingress of dust into the storage area.  
         [0036]    From the storage tank  32 , the rainwater is pumped through a filtration/purification system  34  and thence to a bottling plant  36 . A carbonation system  38  can be provided if carbonated water is required. The purified and optionally carbonated rainwater is then bottled in a conventional manner.  
         [0037]    Instead of a rigid cone fixed to and supported by the rainwater container  10 , other arrangements are possible. For example, to obtain a large catchment element, a sheet of flexible plastics material can be laid on a substrate, which has been shaped to define the necessary rainwater collection surface. The substrate could be a specially constructed frame, a concrete pan, or even the ground, with the container  10  being sunken into the ground below the catchment element. It will be appreciated that the rainwater collection apparatus described above should preferably be located in an area which is free from significant environmental and industrial pollutants, to ensure that the degree of purification required is minimal. By locating the apparatus in a suitable area, an essentially limitless supply of good quality water can be obtained.