Abstract:
A device is described for producing humus, in particular a composter, having a compost container (1) forming a jacket, which is closed on top using a cover (2), wherein the cover (2) forms a rainwater collecting basin (3), with which at least one drain (5) opening into the composter interior (4) is associated. To achieve advantageous climate conditions in the composter container, it is proposed that the drain (5) open into a collection container (6) associated with the jacket.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0001]    The invention relates to a device for producing humus, in particular a composter, having a compost container forming a jacket, which is closed on top using a cover, wherein the cover forms a rainwater collecting basin, with which at least one drain opening into the composter interior is associated. 
       DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART 
       [0002]    Such a device is known from U.S. Pat. No. 5,432,088 A. A component set for such a composter is known, for example, from AT 402 752 B. This component set comprises panels, which have a rectangular, in particular square basic shape and are connectable to further elements, which are attachable via a connecting elements on their edges, to form larger units, wherein at least edge sides of the panels opposing in pairs are provided with opposing holders for the connecting elements. Each panel has integrally formed sleeve sections, which are arranged ranged on two opposing sides offset in relation to one another spaced apart in parallel to the side edge, and which, upon attachment of a following panel in the aligned position, accommodate connecting bolts or tubes which protrude between the sleeve sections on the adjoining side of this panel continuously over two sleeve sections in each case, wherein the other two panel edges are provided with support flanges, which can be put one on top of another, and the panels having the sleeve sections and flanges are integrally produced from a plastic material, in particular from recycled and foamed old polyethylene material. Any desired composter cross sections may be reproduced using such wall elements, in particular triangular, square, polygonal, hexagonal, etc. In addition, closing these composters on top using a cover is also known, in particular to avoid an odor nuisance and to keep moisture in the composter. An essential disadvantage of such composters is that the climate in the composter practically cannot be influenced from the outside. However, in particular drying out of the compost is to be avoided to ensure the most rapid possible decay of the materials to be composted. In addition, it is disadvantageous that there is not yet a satisfactory storm securing device, which holds the covers secured on the compost container in case of storm and therefore avoids damage or loss of the cover. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0003]    Proceeding from prior art of the above-described type, the invention is based on the object of providing a device for producing humus, which provides an improved decay climate in the composter and which preferably enables advantageous securing of the cover. 
         [0004]    The invention achieves the stated object in that the drain opens into a collecting container associated with the jacket. 
         [0005]    Via this drain, for example, collected rainwater can be added to the decaying material thereafter in a metered manner, whereby a favorable decay climate can be maintained in the compost container even over longer periods of time. In this case, this drain can optionally be metered with respect to the quantity to be introduced. In particular, however, drip metering suggests itself, to be able to provide the desired effect over the longest possible periods of time. 
         [0006]    To increase the storage capacity of the rainwater collecting container or to avoid a wind discharge of the water, the drain opens into a collecting container held in the jacket. Essentially, this means that the rainwater collecting container relays the collected rainwater directly to the collecting container associated with the jacket and buffers it therein. To avoid the introduction of dirt into the collecting container, the drain is preferably equipped with a screen. The collecting container inlet can also be equipped with a screen, to also avoid introduction of dirt into the collecting container due to composted material when the cover is open and the compost container is being charged. 
         [0007]    Particularly advantageous design conditions and space conditions for this moisture metering in the compost container result if the drain opens into a distributor channel and/or ring line, which is associated with the jacket and is horizontally circumferential around the jacket in the region of the composter opening. This distributor channel or ring line is optionally fastened on the jacket of the compost container or can be suspended in the composter opening. If the ring line is suspended, this has the advantage that it can be removed without problems at any time for cleaning purposes. The collecting container bottom opens into the horizontally circumferential distributor channel and/or ring line or is optionally also a part thereof. This means that the collecting container can also be circumferential in a ring shape around the container opening and is optionally provided with drain openings, which open directly into the composter interior; or the collecting container charges the circumferential distributor channel or ring line, from which the water is supplied to the decaying material as uniformly distributed as possible via the composter circumference. 
         [0008]    For this purpose, the horizontally circumferential distributor channel and/or ring line has water drain openings, in particular water drip openings, which discharge the water in a metered manner. In addition, a water overflow can be provided, which conducts excess water out of the compost container to avoid excessive introduction into the composter, which would in turn be disadvantageous for the decay process. The horizontally circumferential distributor channel and/or ring line can also be connected to at least one water storage container and can open therein, this distributor channel and/or ring line preferably being fastened on the jacket or suspended on the compost opening. The bottom of the water storage containers can have water drip openings and/or can open into a horizontally circumferential distributor channel and/or ring line. 
         [0009]    Particularly good distribution or introduction conditions result if a water-distributing or water-buffering fiber nonwoven material is associated with the water drain openings, in particular the water drip openings. This fiber nonwoven material distributes the water to be penetrated as uniformly as possible over a large area and therefore ensures equal distribution in the introduction or forms an enlarged evaporation area. Particularly fine metering of the introduced water is therefore possible. 
         [0010]    In this context, it is advantageous if the jacket insists of multiple segments, which can be assembled to form the composter, and which are equipped on the interior with stiffening ribs forming a closed structure, wherein the stiffening ribs are arranged like a roof and the segment walls are equipped with passages, specifically with ventilation holes. A particularly rigid structure therefore results for the composter wall, in particular for the composter jacket, and sufficient through ventilation, which is required in addition to the water introduction for a proper decay climate, is additionally provided. In this case, the passages, i.e., the through ventilation holes, are preferably arranged so that they are each positioned directly below the stiffening ribs. This has the advantage that they practically cannot be covered by the compost material. 
         [0011]    Particularly good through ventilation conditions result in this case in conjunction with a water-distributing or water-buffering fiber nonwoven material if this fiber nonwoven material is associated with the jacket on the inside and covers the jacket on the inside at least partially or over part of the area. It is therefore ensured that the ventilation holes are covered by the fiber nonwoven material resting on the stiffening ribs such that clean ventilation of the composter interior is possible over practically the entire area, without having to accept clogging or covering of the ventilation holes. The best possible main climate is therefore achievable using simple means. 
         [0012]    To secure the cover, it is provided in particular that the cover is detachably fixed on the jacket by means of two adjacent wall element connecting bolts, via which in each case a gudgeon is fixed in an articulated manner as a terminus on top from the connecting securing pins of two adjacent wall segments and in particular at least one of the other corner regions of the cover. If the cover is in two parts, wherein the two parts are preferably articulated with one another via a hinge and wherein both parts are fixable on the jacket, in particular at least one of the two parts is detachably fixed on the jacket, this part being able to be opened thereafter for charging the compost container. 
         [0013]    To make the securing of the cover as simple as possible and also be able to detach it easily, it is advantageous for the cover to be equipped with passages arranged distributed around the cover edge for fixing on the jacket, of which passages at least the passages associated with the detachable part are open toward the cover circumference. The passages which are open toward the cover circumference can be constricted in the transition region in relation to the passage diameter, to avoid undesired detachment of the securing. 
         [0014]    For the securing, the cover is detachably fixed on the jacket by means of at least one securing pin, which engages in a jacket opening and at the same time optionally connects two adjacent wall segments. The securing pin has a geometry which overcomes the constriction and/or a clearance corresponding to the constriction width at least on one securing pin section. This securing pin section is preferably arranged at a distance to the cover side pin end, to ensure proper securing of the closed cover. 
         [0015]    So as not have to produce such a securing pin, which is sometimes of significant length, in the extrusion method, but rather also to be able to produce it in the die casting method in small molds, it is proposed that the cover be detachably fixed on the jacket by means of at least one securing pin, which engages in a jacket opening and at the same time optionally connects two adjacent wall segments, and which comprises at least two sections having cross-shaped cross section in its longitudinal extension, which are each connected via a section having band-shaped cross section, this band-shaped section assuming the function of a spring hinge. The cross-shaped sections ensure a secure hold. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING 
         [0016]    The invention is schematically illustrated on the basis of an exemplary embodiment in the drawings. In the figures: 
           [0017]      FIG. 1  shows a detail of a device according to the invention in a partially cutaway cross section, 
           [0018]      FIG. 2  shows a detail of the device from  FIG. 1  in an enlarged illustration, 
           [0019]      FIG. 3  shows a wall segment of a device according to the invention in an interior view, 
           [0020]      FIGS. 4-6  shows various cover variants, 
           [0021]      FIG. 7  shows a securing pin, 
           [0022]      FIG. 7 a    shows a variant of the securing pin from  FIG. 7 , 
           [0023]      FIG. 8  shows a securing pin engaging in a passage on the cover, 
           [0024]      FIG. 8 a    shows a variant of  FIG. 8  associated with  FIG. 7 a   , 
           [0025]      FIG. 9  shows a design variant of a securing pin, 
           [0026]      FIG. 10  shows a securing pin from  FIG. 9  engaging in a cover passage, 
           [0027]      FIG. 11  shows a design variant of a securing pin according to the invention, 
           [0028]      FIGS. 12 and 13  show the securing pin from  FIG. 11  inserted into a cover passage and 
           [0029]      FIGS. 14 and 15  show a securing pin having a clamping spring attachment in a top view and in cross section, and 
           [0030]      FIG. 16  shows a further variant of a securing pin according to the invention. 
       
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
       [0031]    A device for producing humus, specifically a composter, comprises, inter alia, a compost container  1  forming a jacket, which is assembled from multiple segments arranged distributed around the circumference and which is equipped with a cover  2  which closes the compost container  1  on top. The cover  2  forms a rainwater collecting basin  3 , with which at least one drain  2 , which opens into the composter interior  4 , is associated. The drain  5  opens into a collecting container  6  associated with the jacket  2 . Both the drain  5  and also the collecting container inlet  7  are each equipped with a screen  8 ,  9 . 
         [0032]    The drain  5  opens into a ring line  10 , which is circumferential around the jacket  2  in the region of the composter opening, this ring line being suspended on the composter opening in the exemplary embodiment shown by means of the holding attachments  11 , which enclose the composter opening. The collecting container bottoms are part of the ring line  10  circumferential around the jacket in the exemplary embodiment shown. This ring line  10  has water drip openings  12 , which are uniformly distributed around the circumference. A water-distributing or water-buffering fiber nonwoven material  13  is preferably associateated with the water drip openings, in particular the water drain openings, this material optionally being wetted directly in front of a drip opening or drain opening  12 . 
         [0033]    As already mentioned, the jacket consists of multiple segments  14 , which can be assembled to form the jacket, and which are equipped on the interior with stiffening ribs  15  forming a closed structure, wherein the stiffening ribs are arranged like a roof and the segment walls are equipped with passages, specifically with ventilation holes  16 . The water-distributing and water-buffering fiber nonwoven material  13  is associated on the inside with just this jacket such that it covers the jacket on the interior over at least part of the area. The nonwoven material is held by the stiffening ribs  15  with spacing to the ventilation holes  16  in this case. 
         [0034]      FIGS. 4 to 6  show various cover variants. The cover  2  according to  FIG. 4  is formed in two parts, wherein the two parts are articulated with one another via a hinge  17  and wherein both parts  18 ,  19  are fixable in the jacket and in particular at least one of the two parts is detachably fixed on the jacket. For this purpose, the cover  2  has passages  20  on the cover edge, of which passages  20 , at least passages  20  associated with each detachable part are open toward the cover circumference. Just the passages open toward the cover circumference are constricted in the transition region in relation to the passage diameter (constriction  21 ). 
         [0035]      FIG. 7  shows a securing pin, as can be used for connecting the wall segments  14  and for securing the cover  2 . The securing pin is inserted into the passage  20  in  FIG. 8 . It can overcome the constriction by deformation of the securing pin  22  having cross-shaped cross section, after it has been withdrawn somewhat from the cover upper side. To be able to penetrate the passage more easily in this case, the securing pin  22  can be formed as shown in  FIG. 7 a   . 
         [0036]    It is indicated in  FIG. 8  that the cross-shaped securing pin  22  can be rotated by 45° when it is pushed into the guides associated with it in the jacket. If the securing pin  22  is rotated by 45° after overcoming the constriction  21  during the pressing down to fix the cover  2 , the rod cross section thus increases by a factor of the square root of two in relation to the constriction  21 , whereby undesired opening in the event of strong wind is prevented.  FIG. 8 a    shows how a securing pin  22  withdrawn somewhat from the cover upper side, as shown in  FIG. 7 a   , is insertable into the passage  20 . In this case, no twisting of the securing pin  22  is required because of the constricted securing pin  22 . 
         [0037]    However, the cover  2  can also be detachably fixed on the jacket by means of at least one securing pin  22 , which engages in a wall jacket opening and at the same time optionally connects two adjacent wall segments, and which has a clearance at least on one securing pin section corresponding to the constriction width ( FIGS. 9 to 13 ). The securing pin according to the exemplary embodiment ment according to  FIGS. 11 to 13  is additionally formed such that it comprises two sections having cross-shaped cross section in its longitudinal extension, which are connected via a section having band-shaped cross section  23 , this band-shaped section  23  assuming the function of a film hinge. 
         [0038]    In the exemplary embodiment according to  FIGS. 14 and 15 , a springy bulge and a passage are shown in a section of a securing pin  22 , this bulge forming a spring element  24 , which additionally secures the pin in a respective segment  14 .