Abstract:
A computer program product comprising computer executable instructions stored on a non-transitory computer readable medium such that when executed by a processor, causes the processor to identify an object of interest in a visual media element, analyze the object of interest according to a defined set of rules to form a recommendation for improvement of the visual media element, and recommend the improvement to the visual media element to a user. A method comprising receiving a visual media element as an input, determining a relevant object of interest within the visual media element, analyzing an aesthetic appearance of the relevant object of interest according to a guideline, and recommending a change to the visual media element for conforming to the guideline.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    Not applicable. 
       STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT 
       [0002]    Not applicable. 
       REFERENCE TO A MICROFICHE APPENDIX 
       [0003]    Not applicable. 
       BACKGROUND 
       [0004]    Many devices, including smartphones, digital cameras, and camcorders may be used for image and/or video capturing. Among the most highly desired features in a device that is capable of capturing images or video may be high quality capture and professional quality features. Many currently available features may increase the quality of media by adjusting technical details such as exposure, focus, and lighting, but a system that instead increases the quality of captured media based on aesthetic details of objects within the media may be desirable. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0005]    In one embodiment, the disclosure includes a computer program product comprising computer executable instructions stored on a non-transitory computer readable medium such that when executed by a processor, causes the processor to identify an object of interest in a visual media element, analyze the object of interest according to a defined set of rules to form a recommendation for improvement of the visual media element, and recommend the improvement to the visual media element to a user. 
         [0006]    In another embodiment, the disclosure includes a method comprising receiving a visual media element as an input, determining a relevant object of interest within the visual media element, analyzing an aesthetic appearance of the relevant object of interest according to a guideline, and recommending a change to the visual media element for conforming to the guideline. 
         [0007]    In yet another embodiment, the disclosure includes an apparatus comprising a memory, and a processor coupled to the memory and configured to receive a visual media element, analyze the visual media element according to a set of aesthetic criteria, and output a recommendation for a change to the visual media element based on the aesthetic criteria. 
         [0008]    These and other features will be more clearly understood from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and claims. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0009]    For a more complete understanding of this disclosure, reference is now made to the following brief description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings and detailed description, wherein like reference numerals represent like parts. 
           [0010]      FIG. 1  is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of an electronic device. 
           [0011]      FIG. 2  is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of a photo improvement recommendation system. 
           [0012]      FIG. 3  is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of object determination modes. 
           [0013]      FIG. 4  is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of a customized recommendation learning method. 
           [0014]      FIG. 5  is an example of a photo improvement recommendation according to an embodiment of this disclosure. 
           [0015]      FIG. 6  is another example of a photo improvement recommendation according to an embodiment of this disclosure. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0016]    It should be understood at the outset that although an illustrative implementation of one or more embodiments are provided below, the disclosed systems and/or methods may be implemented using any number of techniques, whether currently known or in existence. The disclosure should in no way be limited to the illustrative implementations, drawings, and techniques illustrated below, including the exemplary designs and implementations illustrated and described herein, but may be modified within the scope of the appended claims along with their full scope of equivalents. 
         [0017]    Disclosed herein are systems and methods for improving visual media based on aesthetic analysis recommendations. The disclosed techniques may apply to single images, or video frames from a video. With these techniques, visual media may be improved so that it conforms to a set of aesthetic guidelines. The guidelines may be photographic principles such as well-known scene composition rules, user specified settings, or user preferences learned by the system from images the user selects as favorites. Relevant objects that may be used to determine the aesthetic characteristics of the visual media may be determined automatically, by a user, or by a combination of the two. The relevant objects may be analyzed according to the guidelines in order to form a recommendation for improving the aesthetic quality of the visual media. The recommendation may be, for example, visual, audible, or textual. Along with the recommendation, the user may also be provided with an option to improve the visual media without requiring a subsequent visual media element to be captured, or the visual media may be automatically improved according to the recommendation and without requiring additional user input. 
         [0018]      FIG. 1  is a schematic diagram of an electronic device  100 . The electronic device  100  may be configured to receive input from a user, capture and store still or moving visual media images, and present visual and/or audible feedback to a user. The audible feedback may or may not be synchronized with the visual feedback. Depending on the exact functionality provided, the electronic device  100  may be referred to as a smart phone, a camera phone, a mobile device, a tablet, a camera, a camcorder, a video camera, a point-and-shoot camera, a digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) camera, a computer, or any general electronic device that has the ability to capture and store visual media and to provide visual and/or audible feedback. The electronic device  100  may comprise one or more inputs  110  for receiving data, a processor or logic unit  120  to process data, one or more outputs  130  for transmitting data to other components, memory  140 , and storage  160 . The electronic device  100  may further comprise components (not shown) such as a receiver, transmitter, or antenna, that may be necessary to communicate over a network, e.g. the Internet, transmit voice and/or data over a network, or perform other additional functions that may be a matter of design choice. The electronic device  100  may be suitable for implementing the features and methods described herein, specifically the photo improvement recommendation system  200 . 
         [0019]    The processor  120 , which may be referred to as a central processing unit (CPU), may be in communication with the inputs  110 , outputs  130 , memory  140 , and storage  160 . The processor  120  may be configured to implement instructions stored in the memory  140 , receive data from outputs  130 , and send data to inputs  110 . The processor  120  may be implemented as one or more CPU chips, core (e.g. a multi-core processor), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), and/or digital signal processors (DSPs), and/or may be part of one or more ASICs. 
         [0020]    The memory  140  may be comprised of one or more disks, tape drives, or solid-state drives; may be used for non-volatile storage of data and as an over-flow data storage device; may be used to store programs when such programs are selected for execution, e.g. on processor  120 ; and may be used to store instructions and perhaps data that are read during program execution. The memory  140  may be volatile and/or non-volatile and may be read only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), or any combination thereof. 
         [0021]    A photo improvement recommendation module  150  may be implemented in the processor  120  and/or the memory  140 . As such, the processor  120  and/or the memory  140  may comprise a photo improvement recommendation module  150 , which may implement the photo improvement recommendation system  200  shown in  FIG. 2 . The photo improvement recommendation module  150  may comprise a relevant object detection sub-module  151  (which may comprise instructions for implementing the relevant object determination of step  220  in  FIG. 2 ), an aesthetic analysis sub-module  152  (which may comprise instructions for implementing the aesthetic analysis of step  230  in  FIG. 2 ), and a recommendation sub-module  153  (which may comprise instructions for implementing the recommendation of step  240  in  FIG. 2 ). The relevant object determination sub-module  151  may comprise one or more object determination modes, such as object determination modes  300 . 
         [0022]    The storage  160  may be a part of the memory  140 , internally separate from memory  140 , removable, or any combination thereof. The storage  160  may be comprised of one or more solid-state drives, disk drives, and/or combinations thereof that may be used for non-volatile storage of data. Storage  160  may be implemented as ROM, RAM, or any combination thereof. In an alternative embodiment, external storage may be connected to the electronic device  100  an used in place of, or in conjunction with, storage  160 . 
         [0023]    The inputs  110  may comprise a camera, a lens, a complimentary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) visual sensor, a charged-coupled device (CCD) visual sensor, a combination of visual sensors, a device otherwise suitable for capturing single image or video frames. The inputs  110  may further comprise a receiver coupled to an antenna, a microphone, a connection port, a user input device, e.g. a touch pad screen, button, rotary dial, etc., or any combination thereof. Generally, the inputs  110  may be any component that has the function of providing data and/or commands to the processor  130  for processing. 
         [0024]    The outputs  130  may comprise a transmitter coupled to an antenna, a display, a speaker, a connection port, indicator lights, or any combination thereof. A display used as an output  130  may comprise a light-emitting diode (LED) display, a Color Super Twisted Nematic (CSTN) display, a thin film transistor (TFT) display, a thin film diode (TFD) display, an organic LED (OLED) display, an active-matrix OLED display, or any other display screen. A display used as an output  130  may display in color or monochrome and may be equipped with a touch sensor based on resistive and/or capacitive technologies, in which case the display may also comprise an input  110 . 
         [0025]      FIG. 2  is a flowchart illustrating a photo improvement recommendation system  200 . The photo improvement recommendation system  200  may comprise receiving a visual media input  210 , a relevant object determination in step  220 , an aesthetic analysis in step  230 , and a recommendation in step  240 . The visual media input  210  may be a single image or a video frame from a video. Images and video frames are well known in the art, and each image or video frame may comprise a plurality of pixels in a red-green-blue (RGB) or other suitable color space. 
         [0026]    At step  220 , relevant objects located within the visual media input  210  that may be used for an aesthetic analysis may be determined and separated from the remainder of the visual media input  210 . One or more modes of determining relevant objects in step  220  may exist, and are described more fully below. Relevant objects may be determined by examining particular pieces of information about objects located within the visual media input  210 . The criteria that may be examined for determining the relevant objects may comprise an object&#39;s angle, orientation, location, and/or size. Step  220  may be performed by any suitable object identification technology. For example, in one embodiment of the relevant object determination of step  220 , facial detection technology may be employed to determine relevant objects of interest. 
         [0027]    Facial areas may commonly be signified as regions-of-interests (ROIs) within visual media elements. Currently, facial detection techniques may employ vision processing, such as machine learning for face classification, in order to process a visual media element and accurately locate a face within the element. Numerous acceptable facial detection techniques may exist, examples of which include principal component analysis, linear discriminate analysis, elastic bunch graph matching, hidden Markov model, multilinear subspace learning, dynamic link matching, and skin texture analysis. In an embodiment of the relevant object determination of step  220  in which facial detection is employed as the method of determining objects of interest, once the face or faces within the image or video frame are located, they are transmitted to step  230  for aesthetic analysis processing. 
         [0028]    In another embodiment of the relevant object determination of step  220 , object segmentation and recognition may be employed to determine relevant objects of interest in the visual media input  210 . Object segmentation of an image or video frame may be done to separate a foreground object from a background object, and may employ techniques well known in the art. For example, color patterns in an image may be employed to segment foreground and background objects. If, in an exemplary image of a person standing in front of a sofa, the sofa has red and white stripes, the sofa may be segmented from the remainder of the image by distinguishing and segmenting the group of red and white colors from the remainder of the image. In an embodiment of the relevant object determination of step  220  in which object segmentation and recognition is employed as the method of determining objects of interest, once the sofa in the background is segmented from the remainder of the image, the foreground and background information may be transmitted to step  230  for aesthetic analysis processing. Further, the importance of each object identified in step  220  may be determined in the aesthetic analysis of step  230  based on information from the object segmentation and recognition performed in step  220 . 
         [0029]    At step  230 , relevant objects determined in step  220  may be analyzed according to one or more aesthetic analysis guidelines to develop a recommendation for a user. Step  230  may analyze objects determined in step  220  to improve the photographic quality and/or visual appearance of a visual media input  210 . The aesthetic analysis guidelines utilized in step  230  may comprise photographic principles, user input preferences, or combinations thereof. In an embodiment of the aesthetic analysis of step  230 , an optimization function may be implemented that combines joint rate, distortion, and an aesthetic appeal score. The optimization function may be generated via an automatic means, through user input, or a combination thereof. 
         [0030]    Photographic principles utilized in the aesthetic analysis performed in step  230  may comprise the scene composition rule, a rule pertaining to the arrangement of objects within a visual media element. The photographic principles may further comprise commonly used composition rules comprising the rule-of-thirds, object centering, and the golden ratio, all of which are well known to one of ordinary skill in the art. A user may also create custom, personalized guidelines that may be incorporated into the aesthetic analysis performed in step  230 . Additional guidelines may be created and incorporated into the aesthetic analysis performed in step  230  according to a custom recommendation learning method  400 , as discussed below. 
         [0031]    At step  240 , a recommendation may be presented to the user that may provide guidance for improving the aesthetic quality of the visual media element. In an embodiment of step  240 , the recommendation may comprise a visual indicator, e.g. an arrow, textual instructions, or audible instructions suggesting changes that should be made when capturing subsequent versions of the visual media element. In another embodiment of step  240 , the recommendation may comprise a visual indicator, e.g. an arrow, textual instructions, or audible instructions, along with an option for the photo improvement recommendation system  200  to automatically improve the visual media element without requiring a subsequent visual media element be captured. In yet another embodiment of step  240 , the recommendation may automatically be implemented by the photo improvement recommendation system  200  to improve the visual media element without requiring a subsequent visual media element be captured, or additional input from the user. 
         [0032]      FIG. 3  is a flowchart illustrating object determination modes  300 . An embodiment of the photo improvement recommendation system  200  may allow a user to choose between one or more relevant object determination modes  300  in step  220 . The relevant object determination modes  300  in step  220  may comprise an automatic mode  310 , a user interactive mode  320 , or a combined user interactive and automatic mode that may be referred to as auto-interactive mode  330 . In an embodiment of automatic mode  310 , the photo improvement recommendation system  200  may automatically determine the relevant objects according to the criteria set forth in step  220 , and forward those relevant objects to step  230  without requiring additional user interaction. In an embodiment of interactive mode  320 , a user may select the relevant objects that may be forwarded to step  230 . In another embodiment of interactive mode  320 , a user may rank multiple relevant objects in an order of preference before forwarding the ranked relevant objects to step  230 . In an embodiment of auto-interactive mode  330 , a user may select the relevant objects that may be forwarded to step  230  and the photo improvement recommendation system  200  may rank the user selected relevant objects in an order of preference before forwarding the ranked relevant objects to step  230 . In another embodiment of auto-interactive mode  330 , the photo improvement recommendation system  200  may automatically determine the relevant objects that may be forwarded to step  230 , and a user may rank the relevant objects in an order of preference before forwarding the ranked relevant objects to step  230 . 
         [0033]      FIG. 4  is a flowchart illustrating a customized recommendation learning method  400 . The learning method  400  may allow a user to create a custom set of rules or guidelines for use in the aesthetic analysis of step  230 . A user may mark or tag a visual media element as having a “favorite” scene composition, at which time the element may be added to a collection  410  comprising an aggregate of “favorite” scene compositions. The collection  410  may be processed in an aesthetic analysis step  420 , which may be substantially similar to the aesthetic analysis of step  230 . The results of aesthetic analysis step  420  may then be compared in step  430  to determine what aesthetic qualities comprise a “favorite” scene composition. In step  440 , the results of the comparison in step  430  may be utilized to develop user-defined rules or guidelines defining a user&#39;s “favorite” scene composition. The user-defined rules may be incorporated in the photo improvement recommendation system  200 , along with any predefined scene composition rules, for use in subsequent aesthetic analysis in step  230 . 
         [0034]      FIG. 5  is an example of a photo improvement recommendation  500  according to an embodiment of this disclosure. In recommendation  500 , facial detection is utilized as the method of relevant object determination in step  220 , and the photographic principle applied in the aesthetic analysis of step  230  is the composition rule of object centering. As shown in  FIG. 5 , a visual indicator is used as the method of recommendation, leading from the location of the detected object, i.e. the face, to the location where the object should be located for adherence to the object centering composition rule, and overall improvement of the aesthetics of the photograph. 
         [0035]      FIG. 6  is another example of a photo improvement recommendation  600  according to an embodiment of this disclosure. In recommendation  600 , facial detection is utilized as the method of relevant object determination in step  220 , and the photographic principle applied in the aesthetic analysis of step  230  is the composition rule of rule-of-thirds. As shown in  FIG. 6 , a visual indicator is used as the method of recommendation, leading from the location of the detected object, i.e. the face, to the location where the object should be located for adherence to the rule-of-thirds composition rule, and overall improvement of the aesthetics of the photograph. 
         [0036]    At least one embodiment is disclosed and variations, combinations, and/or modifications of the embodiment(s) and/or features of the embodiment(s) made by a person having ordinary skill in the art are within the scope of the disclosure. Alternative embodiments that result from combining, integrating, and/or omitting features of the embodiment(s) are also within the scope of the disclosure. Where numerical ranges or limitations are expressly stated, such express ranges or limitations should be understood to include iterative ranges or limitations of like magnitude falling within the expressly stated ranges or limitations (e.g., from about 1 to about 10 includes, 2, 3, 4, etc.; greater than 0.10 includes 0.11, 0.12, 0.13, etc.). For example, whenever a numerical range with a lower limit, R l , and an upper limit, R u , is disclosed, any number falling within the range is specifically disclosed. In particular, the following numbers within the range are specifically disclosed: R=R l +k*(R u −R l ), wherein k is a variable ranging from 1 percent to 100 percent with a 1 percent increment, i.e., k is 1 percent, 2 percent, 3 percent, 4 percent, 5 percent, . . . , 50 percent, 51 percent, 52 percent, . . . , 95 percent, 96 percent, 97 percent, 98 percent, 99 percent, or 100 percent. Moreover, any numerical range defined by two R numbers as defined in the above is also specifically disclosed. The use of the term about means ±10% of the subsequent number, unless otherwise stated. Use of the term “optionally” with respect to any element of a claim means that the element is required, or alternatively, the element is not required, both alternatives being within the scope of the claim. Use of broader terms such as comprises, includes, and having should be understood to provide support for narrower terms such as consisting of, consisting essentially of, and comprised substantially of. Accordingly, the scope of protection is not limited by the description set out above but is defined by the claims that follow, that scope including all equivalents of the subject matter of the claims. Each and every claim is incorporated as further disclosure into the specification and the claims are embodiment(s) of the present disclosure. The discussion of a reference in the disclosure is not an admission that it is prior art, especially any reference that has a publication date after the priority date of this application. The disclosure of all patents, patent applications, and publications cited in the disclosure are hereby incorporated by reference, to the extent that they provide exemplary, procedural, or other details supplementary to the disclosure. 
         [0037]    While several embodiments have been provided in the present disclosure, it should be understood that the disclosed systems and methods might be embodied in many other specific forms without departing from the spirit or scope of the present disclosure. The present examples are to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive, and the intention is not to be limited to the details given herein. For example, the various elements or components may be combined or integrated in another system or certain features may be omitted, or not implemented. 
         [0038]    In addition, techniques, systems, subsystems, and methods described and illustrated in the various embodiments as discrete or separate may be combined or integrated with other systems, modules, techniques, or methods without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Other items shown or discussed as coupled or directly coupled or communicating with each other may be indirectly coupled or communicating through some interface, device, or intermediate component whether electrically, mechanically, or otherwise. Other examples of changes, substitutions, and alterations are ascertainable by one skilled in the art and could be made without departing from the spirit and scope disclosed herein.