Abstract:
A fuel cell is formed as a stack of a plurality of unit cells, each unit cell including an electrode unit held by separators, each electrode unit including a solid polymer electrolyte membrane held by a pair of electrodes. Fluid passages extend through the stack in a stacking direction of the stack. An insulating supply-discharge member having a fluid passage communicates with at least one of the fluid passages extending through the stack. A current collection member is held between the supply-discharge member and the stack. An isolating element is positioned to fluidically isolate the current collection member from a fluid in the fluid passage of the supply-discharge member and from the fluid passages extending through the stack. The fuel cell has high reliability and high generating efficiency, and can be produced at low cost.

Description:
INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE 
     The disclosure of Japanese Patent Application Nos. 2000-054242 filed on Feb. 29, 2000 including the specification, drawings and abstract is incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     This invention relates to a fuel cell having high reliability and high electricity generating efficiency. This invention also relates to a fuel cell having high cost performance due to an improved assembling process. 
     2. Description of the Background 
     Air pollution caused by exhaust gas from automobiles is a serious problem. Various types of electric vehicles have been introduced to reduce exhaust gas from automobiles. Yet electric vehicles have not been popular due to, for example, the necessity of frequent power charges and insufficient cruise range. 
     Recently, automobiles employing fuel cells have gotten a lot of attention due to these environmental concerns. Such fuel cells generate electricity by a reverse reaction of electrolysis using hydrogen and oxygen, they do not discharge anything except water. The most promising fuel cells for onboard use are of the solid polymer electrolyte type which can be operated at low ambient temperature. 
     The fuel cell includes a stack of many unit cells capable of generating a desired level of power. A unit cell comprises an electrode unit and separators. The electrode unit includes an electrolyte provided between two electrodes (i.e., a fuel electrode and an oxidant electrode). Each of the separators has gas flowing conduits to supply the fuel gas or the oxidizing gas. Each electrode unit is held between two of the separators. As the electrolyte for the solid polymer electrolyte type fuel cell, a solid polymer electrolyte membrane is employed. 
     Gas supply manifolds and gas discharge manifolds extend in parallel to a stacking direction of the stack. The gas supply manifolds supply the fuel gas and the oxidizing gas to the gas flowing conduits of the separators. The gas discharge manifolds discharge emission from the separators. Some separators have coolant flowing conduits to keep the fuel cell within a proper temperature range. A coolant supply manifold and a coolant discharge manifold are also provided in parallel to the stacking direction of the stack in order to circulate the coolant in the coolant flowing conduits of separators. 
     Usually, the gas supply manifolds for fuel gas and oxidizing gas, the coolant supply manifold and the coolant discharge manifold are formed by a series of connection holes provided in circumference parts of the separators. The output power of the fuel cell is taken from current collector plates that are provided at both ends of the stack. Insulation boards are provided at the outsides of the current collector plates. Pressing members are provided at the outsides of the insulation plates so as to hold the stack by pressure to the center of the stack. 
     A conventional fuel cell structure is disclosed in a Japanese Patent Laid-open Publication No. H09-266007 published on Apr. 4, 1997. In this prior art, the fuel cell comprises current collector plates and output terminals. The current collector plates are disposed in parallel with the unit cells and have hole portions to form supply and discharge manifolds. 
     A conventional fuel cell is also disclosed in a Japanese Patent Laid-open Publication No. H09-92324 published on Oct. 7, 1997. In this prior art, the fuel cell comprises supply-discharge members and current collection plates. The supply-discharge members are provided at the center of the stacking direction of the stack. The current collection plates have no hole portions to form supply and discharge manifolds. In this prior art, the fuel gas, the oxidizing gas and the coolant are supplied and exhausted through the supply and discharge manifolds which extend from a side of the stack and perpendicular to the stacking direction of the stack. 
     However, the conventional fuel cell disclosed in the publication No. H09-266007 has following disadvantages. Since supply and discharge manifolds extend through the hole portions of the current collection plates, respective parts of the current collection plates are exposed to the fuel gas having a reduction property, oxidizing gas having a oxidization property, or a coolant. Thus, the material of the current collection plate has to have excellent corrosion resisting ability. 
     Although carbon has excellent corrosion resisting ability and is typically used for a current collection plate, it is very expensive in cost and has higher electric resistance than metal. In case the current collection plate has high electric resistance, some of the electric power generated by the fuel cell is consumed at the current collection plate. Thus, the efficiency of electric power generation falls significantly. Besides, in case the material of the current collection plate is carbon, it is very hard to connect the electric wire to the output terminal of the current collection plate. Further, the output terminal of the carbon current collection plate may easily break since carbon is fragile material. 
     These disadvantages may be solved by employment of the metal for the current collection plate. However, the problem of corrosion of the metal collection plate would not be solved because the exhaust gas includes water that is formed by the reaction of hydrogen and oxygen on the electrode. Further, such corrosion of the current collection plate may be enhanced by electrochemical reaction due to the electromotive force generated in the fuel cell. 
     To solve the corrosion problem, the current collection plate may be coated with a corrosion resistive material such as gold. However, such gold coating is expensive. Besides, the long term durability of the collection plate is lessened since it is difficult to get rid of pin holes. 
     As an alternative way of solving the corrosion problem, it has been thought to cover the current collection plate by a gasket that seals around the connection holes. However, it is difficult to produce this type of the fuel cell due to the complicated structure of the gasket, so that the fuel cell becomes more expensive. 
     The conventional fuel cell disclosed in the publication No. H09-92324 has similar disadvantages. It does not have disadvantage relating to the output electric terminal since the current collection plates are not exposed to fuel gas, oxidization gas nor coolant. However, it is necessary to employ electric conductive materials for the gas supplying and discharging parts with the connection holes that are provided at the center of the stack, as viewed in the stacking direction. 
     Besides, the supplying and discharging parts in this type of fuel cell have to have connection holes extending in several directions to function. Accordingly, production of this fuel cell is extremely difficult due to its complicated structure. Thus, this type of fuel cell becomes too expensive. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Accordingly, an object of this invention is to solve above conventional disadvantages and drawbacks. 
     A further object of this invention is to provide a new and novel structure of a fuel cell with high reliability, high electric power generation and low production cost. 
     To solve the aforementioned disadvantages and drawbacks, the fuel cell of this invention includes a fuel cell formed as a stack of a plurality of unit cells, each unit cell including an electrode unit held by separators, each electrode unit including a solid polymer electrolyte membrane held by a pair of electrodes. Fluid passages extend through the stack in a stacking direction of the stack. An insulating supply-discharge member having a fluid passage communicates with at least one of the fluid passages extending through the stack. A current collection member is held between the supply-discharge member and the stack. An isolating element is positioned to fluidically isolate the current collection member from a fluid in the fluid passage of the supply-discharge member and from the fluid passages extending through the stack. 
     Since the current collection member is isolated from the corrosive fluid, the current collection member does not corrode, so that the reliability of the fuel cell can be increased. 
     In addition, since the current collection member need not have a sealing member, the structure of the fuel cell can be simplified and the cost of producing the fuel cell can be reduced. Besides, since the current collection member is small, the cost for producing the fuel cell can be reduced. 
     According to the fuel cell of this invention, an electric output terminal which is connected with the current collection member may protrude outwardly from the fuel cell while extending through the supply-discharge member. 
     Since the electric output terminal protrudes outwardly from the fuel cell by extending through the supply-discharge member, the electric output terminal can be protruded outwardly from the supply-discharge member even if the electrode is surrounded by the supply and discharge member. 
     A metal having excellent electric conductivity may be employed for the electric output terminal as well as for the current collection member. Thus, power loss of the fuel cell can be reduced and the electric power generation efficiency can be improved. 
     Since the electric output terminal may be made by a metal, its electric resistance can be reduced at the contact between the electric output terminal and external circuits. Further, a reliable fuel cell may be produced due to the durability of an electric output terminal made from metal. 
     According to a feature of the invention, the electric output terminal protrudes outwardly from the stack in the stacking direction of the stack. 
     Since the electric output terminal can be arranged near the center of the current collection member, a distance between the electric output terminal and the current collection member may be reduced. Accordingly, the cost for producing the fuel cell can be reduced due to the smaller current collection member. 
     Further, the structure of the supply-discharge member which extends through the electric output terminal can be simplified so that the production cost of the fuel cell can be reduced. 
     According to the fuel cell of this invention, the fuel cell includes a supply port having a flange port, an exhaust port having another flange port. These flange ports are abutted against the supply-discharge member so as to flow the fluid through the supply port and the exhaust port. The fuel cell further comprises a pressure member for pressing the supply-discharge member toward the center of the stack and for pressing the flange ports toward the supply-discharge member. 
     According to this invention, the supply port, the exhaust port and the supply-discharge member can be manufactured separately. In addition, the supply port and the exhaust port can be connected to the supply passage and the discharge passage respectively. Therefore, the best materials can be selected for the supply port and the exhaust port. Further, the cost for producing the fuel cell can be reduced. Further, since the flange port can be shaped easily with a corrosive resistant material such as stainless steel, the supply port and the discharge port can be produced at low cost. 
     Another aspect of this invention includes the supply-discharge member which comprises a sheath portion extending through the pressure member and housing the electric output terminal. 
     Since the electric output terminal is in the sheath having an insulating property, a metal having high strength and high rigidity can be used as the pressure member. The electric output terminal can therefore sustain the internal pressure of the fuel cell due to the fluid supply to the fuel cell. 
     Still another aspect of this invention includes the pressure member which comprises a protection portion covering at least a part of the supply-discharge member. 
     Since the supply-discharge member is covered by the protection portion, damage to the supply-discharge member due to increased internal pressure of the fuel cell can be prevented. Accordingly, the reliability of the fuel cell can be increased. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     These and other objects and features of this invention will be more apparent and more readily appreciated from the following detailed description of the preferred embodiment of the invention with the accompanying drawings, in which: 
     FIG. 1 is a partial cross sectional view illustrating a stack in an embodiment according to this invention; 
     FIG. 2 is a partial cross sectional view illustrating a fuel cell of an embodiment according to this invention; 
     FIG. 3 is a top plan view of a current collection plate of the embodiment of this invention; 
     FIG. 4 is a front view of a separator that contact with a current collection plate of the embodiment of this invention viewed from the current collection plate side; 
     FIG. 5 is a front view of a pressure member of the embodiment of this invention; 
     FIG. 6 is a partial cross sectional view of a modified embodiment of this invention that has an electric output terminal with a different shape. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     Referring to the embodiment of the invention illustrated in FIGS. 1 through 5, a solid polymer electrolyte membrane  4  is held between two electrodes, an oxidant electrode  5  and a fuel electrode  6 , so as to connect the two electrodes. The size of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane  4  is larger than that of either the oxidant electrode  5  or the fuel electrode  6 . As a result, the outer peripheral portion of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane  4  protrudes from respective outer peripheries of the oxidant electrode  5  and the fuel electrode  6 . An ethylene-propylene rubber gasket  7  is formed on the protruding portion of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane  4  by injection molding. An electrode unit  3  comprises the solid polymer electrolyte membrane  4 , the oxidant electrode  5 , the fuel electrode  6  and the gasket  7 . 
     A unit cell  2   a  is formed by a separator  1 A, a separator  1 B and an electrode unit  3 . The electrode unit  3  is supported and held between the separator  1 A and the separator  1 B. Another unit cell  2   b  is also formed by the separator  1 B and a separator  1 C and an electrode unit  3 . Each electrode unit  3  is supported and held between the separator  1 B and another separator. In this embodiment, since the unit cell  2   a  and the unit cell  2   b  share the separator  1 B, the fuel cell can be small in size. The stack  10  is formed by a plurality of the unit cells  2   a  and  2   b.    
     One gasket  7  is supported by the separator  1 A and the separator  1 B. Another gasket  7  is supported by the separator  1 B and the separator  1 C. These gaskets  7  hermetically seal the peripheries of the separators  1 A,  1 B and  1 C to keep the fuel gas, the oxidizing gas and the coolant inside. A gasket  7   a  is also disposed between the separator  1 A and the separator  1 C to keep the fuel gas, the oxidizing gas and the coolant inside. 
     Fuel gas supply conduits  11   a  are disposed on the separator  1 A and the separator  1 B respectively to flow the fuel gas between the separator  1 A and the electrode unit  3 , and between the separator  1 B and the electrode unit  3 . Oxidizing gas supply conduits  11   b  are disposed on the separator  1 B and the separator  1 C, respectively, to flow the oxidizing gas between the separator  1 B and the electrode unit  3 , and between the separator  1 C and the electrode unit  3 . There is no electrode unit  3  between the separator  1 A and the separator  1 C. A cooling water supply conduit  11   c  is disposed between the separator  1 C and the separator  1 A to flow cooling water. 
     FIG. 4 is a front view of a separator  1 D. Other separators  1 A,  1 B and  1 C have the same structures of supply holes and discharge holes as does the separator  1 D. On the separators  1 A,  1 B,  1 C,  1 D and the gasket  7 , fuel gas supply holes  13 , fuel gas discharge holes  9 , oxidizing gas supply holes  15 , oxidizing gas discharge holes  16 , coolant supply holes  17  and coolant discharge holes  18  are provided. 
     The oxidizing gas supply holes  15  form an oxidizing gas supply manifold  15 M when the separators are assembled in the fuel cell. The oxidizing gas supply manifold  15 M is an oxidizing gas passage flowing an oxidizing gas along the stacking direction of the stack. 
     Similarly, the oxidizing gas discharge holes  16 , the fuel gas supply holes  13 , the fuel gas discharge holes  9 , the coolant supply holes  17  and the coolant discharge holes  18  form an oxidizing gas discharge manifold  16 M, a fuel gas supply manifold  13 M, a fuel gas discharge manifold  9 M, a coolant supply manifold  17 M, and a coolant discharge manifold  18 M when these components are assembled in the fuel cell. 
     Grooves  8  are provided on the separators  1 A,  1 B,  1 C and  1 D. The grooves  8  contact with protrusions of the gaskets  7  to keep the fuel gas, the oxidizing gas and the coolant inside when these components are assembled in the fuel cell. Bolt holes are provided at four comers of the separators  1 A,  1 B,  1 C and  1 D to insert bolts when these components are assembled in the fuel cell. A contact plane  30  of a current collection plate  20  is provided on the separator  1 D. The contact plane is a flat plane where the current collection plate  20  is contacted therewith. 
     The current collection plate  20  is the current collection member to be connected with the contact plane  30  of the stack  10 . Supply-discharge members  22  are made from poly(phenylene sulfide) having an electric insulating property. The supply-discharge members  22  are provided on the outsides of the current collection plates  20 . The current collection plate  20  is held between the supply-discharge members  22  and the stack  10 . 
     The end plates  23  are provided on the outsides of the supply-discharge members  22 . The end plates  23  are pressure members made from die casting aluminum alloy. The current collection plates  20  are approximately the same size as the electrodes and are disposed at the inside of the grooves  8 . 
     The current collection plate  20  is connected with an electric terminal  21 . The current collection plate  20  and the electric terminal  21  are both made from copper. The electric terminal  21  is L-shaped, and one side plane of the electric terminal  21  is welded on the current collection plate  20 . 
     One of the supply-discharge members  22  includes an oxidizing gas supply passage  15 B provided at an upper portion of the supply-discharge member  22  (shown at right side of FIG. 2) in order to link the oxidizing gas supply passage  15 B with the oxidizing gas supply manifold  15 M. The other of the supply-discharge member  22  includes a corresponding fuel gas supply passage and a coolant supply passage (not shown). 
     A sheath portion  22   a  provided on the supply-discharge member  22  surrounds the electric output terminal. The other supply-discharge member includes discharge passages (not shown) linked with fluid discharge manifold at a lower portion of the other supply-discharge member. Another sheath portion is provided on the other supply-discharge member and surrounds the other electric output terminal  21 . 
     Holes  23   b ,  23   c  and  23   d  are provided on one of the end plates  23  (FIG.  5 ). Supply ports having the flange ports  24 ,  27  and  28  are respectively linked with the oxidizing gas supply passage  15 B, the fuel gas supply passage and the coolant supply passage. 
     Similar holes (not shown) are provided on the other end plate  23  for other flange ports (not shown). The other flange ports are discharge ports to be linked with fluid discharge passages of the other supply-discharge member  22 . 
     These flange ports are made from stainless steel having a corrosive resistant property. 
     A hole  23   a  and an protection portion  23   f  are provided on the end plate  23 . The sheath portion  22   a  extends through the hole  23   a . The protection portion  23   f  surrounds an outside of the discharge member  22  along the stacking direction of the supply-discharge portion  22 . Bolt holes are provided at four comers of the supply-discharge member  22  and the end plate  23  in order to insert the bolts  29   b  when these components are assembled in the fuel cell. 
     Hereinafter, an assembling procedure of various parts and components, such as the current collection plate  20 , the supply-discharge member  22  and the end plate  23  is described. 
     First, the separator  1 D is arranged at an end portion of the stack  10 . The current collection plate  20  is contacted with the contact plane  30  of the separator  1 D, and a sealing member  25  is disposed in the groove  8  of the separator  1 D. The sealing member  25  is an intercepting means in this embodiment. Secondly, the oxidizing gas supply passage  15 B is connected to the oxidizing gas supply manifold  15 M. The fuel gas supply passage is connected to the fuel gas supply manifold. The coolant supply passage is connected to the coolant supply manifold. The supply-discharge member  22  is then pushed onto the separator  1 D so as to insert the electric output terminal  21  through the sheath portion  22   a  of the supply-discharge member  22  and so as to enclose the current collection plate  20 . 
     A flange portion  24   a  of the flange port  24 , which is fitted in the hole  23   b , is contacted with the supply-discharge member  22  via O-ring  26  so as to connect the flange port  24  with the oxidizing gas supply passage  15 B of the supply-discharge member  22 . 
     Similarly, flange portions of the flange ports  27  and  28  are contacted with the supply-discharge member  22  via O-ring  26  so as to connect the flange ports  27  and  28  with the fuel gas supply passage and the coolant supply passage of the supply-discharge member  22 . 
     The end plate  23  having the flange ports  24 ,  27  and  28  in the respective holes  23   b ,  23   c  and  23   d  is arranged at the outside of the supply-discharge member  22  so that the supply-discharge member  22  is surrounded by the protection portion  23   f  after the sheath portion  22   a  of the supply-discharge member  22  is passed through the hole  23   a.    
     Various parts and components shown at the left side in FIG. 2, such as the current collection plate  20 , the supply-discharge member  22  and the end plate  23  are arranged similarly. Subsequently, the bolts  29   a  are inserted in four bolt holes that are provided at four comers of the separator  1 A,  1 B,  1 C and  1 D. After that, these parts and components, such as the supply-discharge member  22  and the end plate  23 , are fastened by the bolts  29   a  and nuts  29   b . The current collection plates  20 , the supply-discharge member  22  and the flange ports  24 ,  21 ,  28  are thereby fixed. Simultaneously, the contact resistance between the separator  1 D and the current collection plate  20  is reduced. Further, the fluid is sealed hermetically at various sealing portions. 
     Operation of this embodiment is explained hereinafter. In the fuel cell showing in FIG. 2, oxidizing gas (i.e., air), fuel gas and coolant (i.e., cooling water) are supplied to the fuel cell through the flange ports  24 ,  27  and  28 . 
     The oxidizing gas supplied to the fuel cell is supplied to the oxidizing gas supply conduit  11   b  of the separators  1 B and  1 C through the oxidizing gas supply manifold  15 M. At the oxidant electrode  5 , a reaction uses oxygen in the oxidizing gas that flows in the oxidizing gas supply conduit  11   b . The oxidizing gas that is not used for the reaction is discharged from a lower left-hand side to outside of the fuel cell through the oxidizing gas discharge manifold  16 M. 
     Similarly, the fuel gas being supplied to the fuel cell is supplied to the fuel gas supply conduit  11   a  of the separators  1 A and  1 B through the fuel gas supply manifold. At the fuel electrode  6 , a reaction uses hydrogen in the fuel gas that flows in the fuel gas supply conduit  11   a . The fuel gas that was not used for the reaction is discharged from the lower left-hand side to outside of the fuel cell through the fuel gas discharge manifold. 
     The coolant supplied to the fuel cell is supplied to the coolant supply conduit  11   c  of the separators  1 A and  1 C through the coolant supply manifold. The coolant supplied to the supply conduit  11   c  maintains appropriate temperature of the fuel cell for efficient electric power generation. Subsequently, the coolant is discharged from the lower left-hand side to outside of the fuel cell through the coolant discharge manifold. 
     An electromotive force (i.e., approximately from 0.5 to 0.8V) is generated at the electrode unit  3  due to the reactions at the oxidant electrode  5  and the fuel electrode  6  so that the output current can be obtained. A number of the electrode units  3  are stacked in series so as to obtain the total necessary electromotive force. The total electromotive force of the stacked electrode units  3  can be drawn out at the separators  1 D arranged at both ends of the stack  10 . 
     The total electromotive force is transmitted to the current collection plate  20  so as to be supplied to an external circuit (not shown) via the electric output terminal  21 . The total electromotive force may be consumed by various apparatus such as a motor and auxiliary control apparatus for the electric vehicle. 
     It is enough for the current collection plates  20  to have the same area as the electrodes  5  and  6  because the electromotive force of the fuel cell is generated only at the electrode  5  and  6 . However, the area of the current collection plate  20  can be adjusted so that the current collection plate  20  will not prevent the fluids from flowing. 
     The minimum area of the current collection plate  20  cannot be limited specifically. However it is preferable that area of the current collection plates  20  is larger than 60% of area of the electrodes  5  and  6 . In view of preferable balance between current collecting efficiency and the cost, the area of the current collection plates  20  may be approximately equal to the area of the electrodes  5  and  6 . Hereby, the current collection plates  20  can be smaller than prior current collection plates, and the cost for producing the fuel cell can be reduced. 
     Since the current collection plate  20  is separated from the fluids by the sealing member  25  as the intercepting means, the current collection plate  20  never contacts the oxidizing gas, the fuel gas or the coolant. Thus, the current collection plate  20  not corroded, and the reliability of the fuel cell can be increased. Also, the current collection plate  20  may be made from metal having an excellent conducting property. Thus the power loss of the fuel cell can be reduced and the electric power generation efficiency can also be improved. 
     Since the current collection plate  20  may be made from a low cost material such as aluminum, iron or copper, and since the current collection plate  20  does not need to have a coating with a high corrosive resistant property, the cost for producing the fuel cell can be reduced. 
     Further, a conventional current collection plate needs sealing members as gaskets on both sides. In this invention, however, these sealing members are not necessary. Accordingly, the structure of the fuel cell can be simplified and the cot for producing the fuel cell can be reduced. 
     Although the electric output terminal  21  protrudes, in the stacking direction of the stack  10 , through the supply-discharge member  22 , the shape and the protruding direction of the electric output terminal  21  is not limited to this embodiment as long as the electric output terminal  21  is separated from all of the fluids. 
     For example, the electric output terminal  21  may be formed integrally with the current collection plate  20  and the electric output terminal  21  may protrude in an orthogonal direction to the stacking direction of the stack  10 . 
     FIG. 6 is a partial cross sectional view of the second embodiment of this invention that has an electric output terminal with a different shape. The second embodiment has the same structure as the first embodiment except for the shape of the separator  1 E, the electric output terminal  21 A, the supply-discharge member  22 A and the end plate  23 A. Therefore, the same numerals are used for the identical members or parts so as to omit the explanation for the second embodiment. 
     The separator  1 E has the same structure as the separator  1 D, except that the separator  1 E does not have the fuel gas discharge hole  9 , the oxidizing gas discharge hole  16  and the coolant discharge hole  18 . The electric output terminal  21 A is formed integrally with the current collection plate  20  and is protruded in a lateral (e.g., downward) direction of the fuel cell. The protruded direction of the current collection plate  20  may be selected depending an application of the fuel cell as long as the current collection plate  20  is separated from each fluid. For example, the current collection plate  20  may be protruded from the side of the fuel cell. 
     The current collection plate  20  is pressed by the supply-discharge member  22 A toward the separator  1 E as the first embodiment. The supply-discharge member  22 A is pushed by the end plate  23 A as the first embodiment. In the second embodiment, since it is not necessary to provide the sheath portion  22   a  on the supply-discharge member  22 A and to provide the hole  23   a  in the end plate  23 A, the structure of these members can be simplified. 
     In the second embodiment, since the other electrode is surrounded by the fluid supply hole and the fluid discharge hole, the electric output terminal  21  cannot be protruded to the side direction of the fuel cell if the electric output terminal is to be separated from each fluid. So only the electric output terminal  21 A is protruded from the side of the supply-discharge member  22  to the outside of the fuel cell, and the electric output terminal  21 A is protruded to the outside of the fuel cell while separated from the fluid. 
     Since it is hard to corrode, a metal having an excellent electrical conducting property can be used for the electric output terminal. Thus the resistance loss of the fuel cell can be reduced. If the electric output terminal  21  is made from metal, the resistance can be reduced between the electric output terminal  21  and the external circuit. Further, if the electric output terminal  21  is made from metal, the electric output terminal  21  is hard to break. 
     If the electric output terminal  21  is protruded in the side direction of the fuel cell, the current collection portion is spaced far away from the electric output terminal  21 , so that a voltage difference may occur between the current collection portion close to the electric output terminal  21  and the current collection portion away from the electric output terminal  21 . Accordingly it is necessary to reduce the resistance of the current collection member so as to minimize this difference. Thus, it is necessary to make the current collection member  20  thicker. 
     However, if the electric output terminal  21  can be protruded from the inside the supply-discharge member to the outside of the fuel cell as the second embodiment, the electric output terminal  21  can be provided closer to the center of the current collection member  20 . Thus, due to the short length of the current collection portion and the electric output terminal  21 , the current collection member  20  can be thinned. 
     In the embodiment employing the electric output terminal  21  protruded outside the stack in the stacking direction of the stack, the electric output terminal  21  can be simply extended through a hole provided in the supply-discharge member  22  along the stacking direction of the stack. Therefore, the fuel cell may be manufactured at low cost. 
     Although the supply-discharge members  22  and  22 A are made from the PPS having electrically insulating property in the above descried embodiments, any material other than the PPS may instead be used for the supply-discharge members  22  and  22 A, as long as such material has electrically insulating properties, heat resisting properties and chemical resisting properties. However, thermoplastic resin, such as phenol resin, epoxy resin or thermosetting resin, such as PPS, denatured poly(phenylene oxide) resin are suitable for the material of the supply-discharge members  22  and  22 A. These material can be made in the complex shape of the supply-discharge members  22  and  22 A, with the supply passage, the discharge passage and the sheath portion  22   a , at low cost. In these materials, the PPS of this embodiment is the most suitable due to its excellent heat resisting property and excellent chemical resisting property. 
     Although the supply-discharge member  22  is formed integrally with the sheath portion  22   a  in this embodiment, these can be formed separately. In this case, the electric output terminal is also protruded from the inside of the supply-discharge member to the outside of the fuel cell. 
     In these embodiments, although the flange ports  24 ,  27 ,  28  are separated from the supply-discharge members  22 ,  22 A and are used for the supply port or the discharge port, the supply port or the discharge port can be formed integrally with the supply-discharge members  22  and  22 A. However, if the supply port or the discharge port is formed separately from the supply-discharge members  22  and  22 A, the material of the supply port or the discharge port can selected separately. Thus, this material can be selected after consideration of connectivity to the supply port, the discharge port and the external pipe, and the strength required for this connection. 
     The supply port or the discharge port is not limited to the flange type port. For example, a threaded type port is also applicable. However, it is necessary for the port to have excellent corrosive resistance properties since a corrosive fluid is flowed through the port. Since the shape of the flange port is designed to be produced easily using a corrosive resistant material such as stainless steel, the production cost for the supply port or the discharge port can be reduced with excellent corrosive resistant properties. 
     Although the supply-discharge members  22  and  22 A may be used for the pressure member instead of the end plates  23  and  23 A, it is advantageous for the supply-discharge members  22  and  22 A to be separated from the end plates  23  and  23 A because the best material can be selected for the pressure member with sufficient strength and rigidity to hold the internal pressure generated in the fuel cell. Besides, if the supply-discharge member and the pressure member are separated, the pressure member (i.e., the end plates  23  and  23 A) may be also used to press the flange portion  24   a  of the flange port  24  toward the supply-discharge member  22 . 
     Since the protection portion  23 f is provided on the end plates  23  and  23 A to surround the supply-discharge member  22 , the supply-discharge member  22  is not easily damaged by high internal pressure. 
     Since the electric output terminal is inserted in the sheath portion  22   a  of the supply-discharge member  22  and the sheath portion  22   a  is extended through the hole  23   a  provided in the pressure member  23 , aluminum alloy or an iron alloy that does not have insulating properties can be used for the material of the pressure member. Thereby, the pressure member can have excellent strength and rigidity against high internal fluid pressures. Besides a pressure member having a complex shape can be produced, and an engineering plastic having enough strength and rigidity for the pressure member can be used. 
     It is intended that the foregoing detailed description be regarded as illustrative rather than limiting and that it is understood that the following claims including all equivalents are intended to define the scope of the invention.