Abstract:
A method for deactivating coal, in which coal is deactivated with a treatment gas containing oxygen, wherein a deactivation step for deactivating the coal in a temperature range 45-70° C. is carried out.

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD  
       [0001]    The present invention relates to a coal deactivation processing apparatus in which coal is deactivated with processing gas containing oxygen. 
       BACKGROUND ART  
       [0002]    Pyrolized coal has an activated surface and tends to bond with oxygen. Accordingly, when the coal is stored as it is, heat generated by reaction with oxygen in air may cause the coal to spontaneously combust. In view of this, for example, in Patent Literatures 1, 2 listed below and the like, coal subjected to pyrolysis (300° C. to 500° C.) is cooled and then subjected to coal deactivation processing in which oxygen is adsorbed to the coal by exposing the coal to a processing gas atmosphere (100° C. to 200° C.) containing oxygen. Spontaneous combustion of upgraded coal in storage can be thus prevented. 
       CITATION LIST 
     Patent Literatures 
       [0003]    Patent Literature 1: Japanese Patent Application Publication No. Sho 59-074189 
         [0004]    Patent Literature 2: Japanese Patent Application Publication No. Sho 60-065097 
       SUMMARY OF INVENTION 
     Technical Problem 
       [0005]    When the deactivation processing of the upgraded coal is performed as described in Patent Literatures 1, 2 and the like, the upgraded coal is deactivated in such a way that more oxygen is first adsorbed to a surface portion of the coal than to an internal portion thereof. Accordingly, the deactivation processing of Patent Literatures 1, 2 and the like has a problem that, when the deactivation processing is terminated at a stage where a necessary and sufficient amount of oxygen is adsorbed to the surface portion of the coal, the coal may spontaneously combust if the coal breaks due to impact or the like and the internal portion of the coal is exposed to the outside. Meanwhile, when the deactivation processing is performed in such a way that the necessary and sufficient amount of oxygen is adsorbed also to the internal portion of the coal, a more than necessary amount of oxygen is adsorbed to the surface portion of the coal and the combustion heating value per unit weight of the coal is greatly reduced. 
         [0006]    In view of this, an object of the present invention is to provide a coal deactivation processing method capable of suppressing reduction of the combustion heating value per unit weight of the coal while preventing spontaneous combustion of the coal. 
       Solution to Problem 
       [0007]    A coal deactivation processing method of a first aspect of the invention to solve the problem described above is a coal deactivation processing method in which coal is deactivated with processing gas containing oxygen, characterized in that the method comprises subjecting the coal to deactivation processing within a temperature range of 40° C. to 95° C. 
         [0008]    A coal deactivation processing method of a second aspect of the invention is the coal deactivation processing method of the first aspect of the invention characterized in that the coal is subjected to the deactivation processing after the coal is compression-molded in such a way that the compression-molded coal has a surface area equivalent sphere diameter R, which is expressed by formula (1), of 5 mm to 50 mm, 
         [0000]        R= 6×( V/A )  (1)
 
         [0009]    where V represents a coal particle volume and A represents a coal particle external surface area. 
         [0010]    A coal deactivation processing method of a second aspect of the invention is the coal deactivation processing method of the first or second aspect of the invention characterized in that the coal is pyrolized coal. 
       Advantageous Effects of Invention 
       [0011]    In the coal deactivation processing method of the present invention, the amount of oxygen adsorbed to a surface portion of the coal per unit time (adsorption rate) is smaller (slower) than that in a conventional technique and oxygen enters an internal portion of the coal and is adsorbed thereto in an earlier stage than in the conventional technique. Accordingly, a difference in the oxygen adsorption amount between the surface portion and the internal portion of the coal is much smaller than that in the conventional technique. As a result, it is possible to suppress reduction of a combustion heating value per unit weight of the coal while preventing spontaneous combustion of the coal. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
         [0012]      FIG. 1  is a flow diagram of a first embodiment of a coal upgrading method using a coal deactivation processing method of the present invention. 
           [0013]      FIG. 2  is a graph showing oxygen adsorption amounts in internal positions of coal particles subjected to the deactivation processing. 
           [0014]      FIG. 3  is a flow diagram of a second embodiment of a coal upgrading method using the coal deactivation processing method of the present invention. 
       
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS 
       [0015]    Embodiments of a coal deactivation processing method of the present invention are described based on the drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described below based on the drawings. 
         [0016]    &lt;First Embodiment&gt; 
         [0017]    A first embodiment of a coal upgrading method using a coal deactivation processing method of the present invention is described based on  FIGS. 1 and 2 . 
         [0018]    As shown in  FIG. 1 , first, low-grade coal  10  with high water content such as brown coal and sub-bituminous coal is heated (about 150° C. to about 300° C.) in an atmosphere of inert gas  1  such as nitrogen gas to cause moisture  3  to evaporate from the coal  10  and is thereby dried (drying step S 11 ). Then, the coal  10  is further heated (about 300° C. to about 500° C.) in the atmosphere of the inert gas  1  to remove pyrolysis gas  4  of a low-boiling-point component and pyrolysis oil  5  of a high-boiling-point component from the coal  10  through distillation (pyrolysis step S 12 ). 
         [0019]    After being cooled (about 40° C. to about 60° C.) (cooling step S 13 ) , the pyrolized coal  10  is subjected to heat treatment (40° C. to 95° C. (preferably 45° C. to 70° C.) in an atmosphere of processing gas  2  (for example, gas whose oxygen concentration is adjusted to be about 5% to about 10% by mixing nitrogen to air) containing oxygen and is thereby turned into upgraded coal  11  (deactivation processing step S 14 ). 
         [0020]    Here, since a heat treatment temperature in the deactivation processing (40° C. to 95° C. (preferably 45° C. to 70° C.)) is lower than that in a conventional technique (100° C. to 200° C.), the amount of oxygen adsorbed to a surface portion of the coal  10  per unit time (adsorption rate) is smaller (slower) than that in the conventional technique and a large amount of oxygen enters an internal portion of the coal  10  and is adsorbed thereto in an earlier stage than in the conventional technique. 
         [0021]    Accordingly, in the coal  10 , the oxygen adsorption amount per unit time (oxygen adsorption rate) in the surface portion is lower than that in the conventional technique while the oxygen adsorption amount per unit time in the internal portion is higher than that in the conventional technique. Hence, in the upgraded coal  11  subjected to the deactivation processing, a difference in the oxygen adsorption amount between the surface portion and the internal portion is much smaller than that in the conventional technique (see  FIG. 2 ). 
         [0022]    Accordingly, the coal deactivation processing method of the embodiment can suppress reduction of a combustion heating value of per unit weight the upgraded coal  11  while preventing spontaneous combustion of the upgraded coal  11 . 
         [0023]    Moreover, since the heat treatment temperature in the deactivation processing (40° C. to 95° C. (preferably 45° C. to 70° C.)) is lower than that in the conventional technique (100° C. to 200° C.) , the amount of the upgraded coal  11  combusted in the deactivation processing can be reduced compared to that in the conventional technique. Accordingly, the production amount of the upgraded coal  11  can be improved compared to that in the conventional technique. 
         [0024]    Note that, when the heat treatment temperature in the deactivation processing exceeds 95° C., it is difficult to suppress reduction of the combustion heating value of per unit weight the upgraded coal  11  while preventing spontaneous combustion of the upgraded coal  11 . Meanwhile, when the heat treatment temperature is below 40° C., the time required for the deactivation processing is too long and production efficiency is deteriorated. Accordingly, these cases are not preferable. 
         [0025]    &lt;Second Embodiment&gt; 
         [0026]    A second embodiment of a coal upgrading method using the coal deactivation processing method of the present invention is described based on  FIG. 3 . Note that the same parts as those of the aforementioned embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals as those used in the description of the aforementioned embodiment and description overlapping the description of the aforementioned embodiment is omitted. 
         [0027]    As shown in  FIG. 3 , the coal  10  is subjected to the drying step S 11 , the pyrolysis step S 12 , and the cooling step S 13  as in the aforementioned first embodiment, and is then pulverized by a pulverizer or the like in such a way that a diameter of each of particles of the coal  10  is equal to or smaller than a specific diameter (for example, 1 mm) (pulverization step S 25 ). Thereafter, the coal  10  is compression-molded into a briquette shape by a molding machine such as a briquetter in such a way that the compression-molded coal  10   a  has a surface area equivalent sphere diameter R, which is expressed by formula (1) shown below, of a specific size (5 mm to 50 mm (preferably, 15 mm to 30 mm)) (molding step S 26 ). 
         [0000]        R= 6×( V/A )  (1)
 
         [0028]    where V represents a coal particle volume and A represents a coal particle external surface area. 
         [0029]    After the coal  10  is molded into the briquette shape as described above, the deactivation processing step S 14  is performed on the coal  10  as in the aforementioned first embodiment and upgraded coal  21  is thus obtained. 
         [0030]    In this case, since the coal  10  is molded into the briquette shape having the surface area equivalent sphere diameter R of the specific size (5 mm to 50 mm (preferably, 15 mm to 30 mm)), variation in areas of the particles are smaller and there is hardly no variation in the oxygen adsorption amount per unit time (oxygen adsorption rate) in each of the briquettes. Moreover, the oxygen adsorption amounts per unit time of the respective briquettes (oxygen adsorption rates) are substantially the same. 
         [0031]    Hence, the briquettes can be evenly subjected to the deactivation processing and, in addition, the deactivation processing can be performed substantially uniformly with variations among the briquettes being eliminated. 
         [0032]    Accordingly, in the coal deactivation processing method of the embodiment, the effects similar to those in the aforementioned first embodiment can be obtained as a matter of course and the upgraded coal  11  subjected to the deactivation processing more uniformly than in the aforementioned first embodiment can be easily obtained. 
         [0033]    Note that, when the surface area equivalent sphere diameter R of the coal  10  compression-molded into the briquette shape exceeds 50 mm, an oxygen adsorption rate per unit mass is too slow and the time required for the deactivation processing is too long. Meanwhile, when the surface area equivalent sphere diameter R is smaller than 5 mm, molding efficiency is deteriorated. Accordingly, these cases are not preferable. 
         [0034]    When the surface area equivalent sphere diameter R is within a range of 15 mm to 30 mm, the heat treatment within the aforementioned temperature range can be easily performed even if air is used as it is as the processing gas  2 . Hence, work and a facility required for the deactivation processing can be greatly simplified and this case is thus very preferable. 
       INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY 
       [0035]    Since the coal deactivation processing method of the present invention can suppress reduction of the combustion heating value per unit weight of coal while preventing spontaneous combustion of the coal, the coal deactivation processing method can be very useful in the energy industry and the like. 
       REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 
       [0036]      1  INERT GAS 
         [0037]      2  PROCESSING GAS 
         [0038]      3  MOISTURE 
         [0039]      4  PYROLYSIS GAS 
         [0040]      5  PYROLYSIS OIL 
         [0041]      10  COAL 
         [0042]      11 ,  21  UPGRADED COAL 
         [0043]    S 11  DRYING STEP 
         [0044]    S 12  PYROLYSIS STEP 
         [0045]    S 13  COOLING STEP 
         [0046]    S 14  DEACTIVATION PROCESSING STEP 
         [0047]    S 25  PULVERIZATION STEP 
         [0048]    S 26  MOLDING STEP