Abstract:
A method and a device for activating a personal protection arrangement in the event of a rollover are provided, according to which, initially, at least one first driving dynamic variable is ascertained and then, based on this first driving dynamic variable, a second driving dynamic variable is determined, in order to activate the personal protection arrangement as a function of these two driving dynamic variables.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0001]    The present invention relates to a method and a device for activating a personal protection arrangement in the event of a rollover. 
       BACKGROUND INFORMATION 
       [0002]    German patent document DE 10303149 A1 discusses making an activation decision as a function of various driving-dynamic variables, such as the lateral vehicle acceleration, a rate of rotation, and the speed of the vehicle&#39;s center of gravity. From the related art cited therein, it is also known to consider the sideslip angle when deciding whether to activate a personal protection arrangement in the event of a rollover. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0003]    In contrast, the device and the method for activating a personal protection arrangement in the event of a rollover have the advantage that a time advantage is gained, given that the proactive estimate of driving-dynamic variables is used, thereby also resulting in improved activation performance of the rollover detection algorithm. These driving-dynamic variables are proactively estimated immediately before the rollover occurs, and may therefore be considered in the activation decision at an early point in time. The proactive estimate is based on currently ascertained driving-dynamic variables. The currently ascertained driving-dynamic variables and the pre-estimated variables need not be the same. That is, the lateral vehicle speed, for example, may be estimated based on the lateral vehicle acceleration, yaw rate, and sideslip angle. The proactive estimate is carried out as a module, which may be in a microcontroller as the evaluation circuit. 
         [0004]    The measures and refinements listed in the dependent claims allow for advantageous improvements of the device and the method described in the independent claims for activating a personal protection arrangement in the event of a rollover. 
         [0005]    It is advantageous, in particular, that the lateral vehicle speed and sideslip angle are pre-estimated based on the yaw rate and sideslip angle. These two variables—the lateral vehicle speed and the sideslip angle—have proven especially advantageous for forming the activation decision for the personal protection arrangement. 
         [0006]    A first time constant may also be used advantageously in the pre-estimate. This time constant takes into account the effect of the yaw motion on the future development of the sideslip angle. 
         [0007]    It is advantageous according to the exemplary embodiments and/or exemplary methods of the present invention that the sensor system is also configured to register the lateral vehicle acceleration. This then makes it possible to pre-estimate the lateral vehicle speed also as a function of the lateral vehicle acceleration. This improves the estimate, since, in particular, an over-estimation of the lateral vehicle speed is thereby prevented. Alternatively, it is also possible to use a constant acceleration. In this case, a further time constant that indicates the duration of action of the lateral acceleration is also used. As an alternative to the measured lateral vehicle acceleration, a constant, settable value, a value range, or a specified function may be used, all of which are implied in the term specified value. 
         [0008]    Exemplary embodiments of the present invention are presented in the drawing and are described in greater detail in the description below. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
         [0009]      FIG. 1  shows a block diagram of the device of the present invention. 
           [0010]      FIG. 2  shows a further block diagram of the sequence of steps in the method of the present invention. 
           [0011]      FIG. 3  shows a first flow chart of the method. 
           [0012]      FIG. 4  shows a second flow chart of the method. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION  
       [0013]    Numbers obtained in the U.S.A. reinforce the significance of passive safety in the event of vehicle turnovers or rollover events: 
         [0014]    In 1998, half of all fatal single-vehicle accidents were due to rollovers. Rollovers are involved in about 20% of all accidents. According to the exemplary embodiments and/or exemplary methods of the present invention, it is provided that driving dynamic variables are pre-estimated, in order to gain a time advantage in dangerous accidents such as rollovers. The pre-estimate is carried out based on measured driving dynamic variables. It has proven advantageous, in particular, to use the sideslip angle and the lateral vehicle speed ν y  as variables to be pre-estimated. Sideslip angle β estim  may be pre-estimated based on current sideslip angle β current , current yaw rate ω z,current  of the vehicle, and a settable time constant 
         [0000]        t   estim :β estim =β current +ω z,current · t   estim   (1) 
         [0015]    Time constant t estim  takes into account the effect of yaw motion on the future development of the sideslip angle. 
         [0016]    The current lateral speed ν y,current  is determined based on the speed of center of gravity ν CM,current  of the vehicle, as follows: 
         [0000]      ν y,current =ν CM,current ·sin β current    (2) 
         [0017]    The speed of the center of gravity must be provided from an external source for this method. Ideally, the speed information, e.g., from the ESP control unit, is available for this purpose. As an alternative, the speed of the center of gravity may be calculated using measured variables, e.g., the wheel speed, GPS data, or an optical sensor system. 
         [0018]    It would then be a simple matter to pre-estimate ν y,estim  by inserting the pre-estimate for β estim  from equation (1) into equation (2): 
         [0000]      ν y,estim =ν CM,current ·sin β estim =ν CM,current ·sin (β current +ω z,current   ·t   estim )  (3) 
         [0019]    The disadvantage of equation (3) is that it may result in an over-estimation of the sideslip angle, depending on which parameters were selected and the future lateral speed would be assumed to be too high as a result. To advantageously counteract this effect, the current lateral acceleration of the motor vehicle—which is measured using sensors in the air bag control unit, for example—or a constant acceleration may be used, the braking influence of which on the lateral motion during a skidding or rollover event of the motor vehicle results in a future reduction in the lateral speed or lateral vehicle speed. Equation (3) must be supplemented accordingly by an a y,current  term for the current acceleration and also by a second time constant t estim2 , which indicates the duration of action of the lateral acceleration: 
         [0000]      ν y,estim =ν CM,current ·sin (β current +ω z,current   ·t   estim )− a   y,current   ·t   estim2   (4) 
         [0020]    Instead of the currently measured lateral acceleration a y  it is also possible to use a constant, settable value, a value range, or a specified function. This depends on the implementation and application of the provided functionality. 
         [0021]      FIG. 1  shows the inventive device in a block diagram. A yaw rate sensor system ω z , a sideslip angle sensor system β, a sensor system for sensing lateral vehicle acceleration a y , an occupant sensor system IOS, and a remaining sensor system  10  are each connected via data inputs to a microcontroller μC as the evaluation circuit, which is connected to a memory  11  via a data input/output. Microcontroller μC is connected to an ignition circuit control FLIC via an output, to which an ignition element ZE is connected. The sensors may be located inside or outside of the control unit in which microcontroller μC and ignition circuit control FLIC are located. Other components, which are not essential to the understanding of the exemplary embodiments and/or exemplary methods of the present invention but which belong to an air bag control unit, are not shown, for the sake of simplicity. The sensors may be located, for example, in a sensor box as peripheral sensors, or in an electronic control unit for a vehicle dynamics control system. 
         [0022]    Based on the sensor values from sensors  10 , IOS, ω z , β and a y , microcontroller μC makes the decision to activate ignition element ZE. To this end, microcontroller μC uses an algorithm stored in memory  11 , and a few pre-set values. A rate of rotation sensor configured accordingly may be used as yaw rate sensor ω z . It is also possible to derive the yaw rate from an acceleration sensor system. Sideslip angle sensor β or sideslip angle-sensitive sensor β is either a sensor that is able to register the sideslip angle directly—for which optical sensors are suited, for example—or it is derived from the sensor signals from acceleration sensors or other sensors. Lateral vehicle acceleration a y  is finally determined by an appropriately configured acceleration sensor system. The sensor values of remaining sensors  10 , ω x , a z  and a x  are also ascertained by acceleration sensors and/or rate of rotation sensors. Occupant classification sensors IOS may be force measuring bolts, for example, which are integrated into the vehicle seat. Alternatively, video sensors, seat mats or other similar techniques are also applicable, however. Memory  11  is a writable or also a non-writable memory. In the event of activation, ignition element ZE is energized by an ignition circuit control unit FLIC. 
         [0023]    The inventive procedure carried out by the device depicted in  FIG. 1  is explained with reference to  FIG. 2 . Using a sensor system  20 , sensor values such as yaw rate, roll rate, acceleration, speed, and sideslip angle are registered, the roll rate and acceleration, etc., being incorporated directly into algorithm  21  for sensing a rollover. However, a module  22  for pre-estimating sideslip angle β and lateral vehicle speed ν y  is provided between sensor system  20  and algorithm  21 , which runs on microcontroller μC. Yaw rate ω z , sideslip angle β, and speed ν CM  are therefore input into this module  22  as input values. From this, as explained above, sideslip angle β and lateral vehicle speed ν y  are then pre-estimated, and these values are supplied to algorithm  21 , so that the latter may take these pre-estimated values into account to make the activation decision. 
         [0024]    The sequence of the inventive method is explained in a flow chart shown in  FIG. 3 . In method step  300 , the first driving dynamic variables, which are described in the independent claims, are ascertained. As shown in  FIG. 1 , these are, for example, yaw rate ν z , sideslip angle β, the speed, and lateral vehicle acceleration a y . In method step  301 , the equations described above are used to pre-estimate the second driving dynamic variables, i.e., sideslip angle β and lateral vehicle speed ν y . Methods other than the equations described above are also possible, for example, approximation methods. In method step  302 , microcontroller μC finally determines the activation based on the second driving dynamic variables and further, third driving dynamic variables, which are incorporated in algorithm  21  directly from the sensor system. They include, for example, roll rate ω x  and other acceleration values. 
         [0025]    The sequence of the inventive method is explained in a further flow chart shown in  FIG. 4 . In method step  400 , sensor system  20  determines yaw rate ω z , sideslip angle β, lateral vehicle acceleration a y , speed of the center of gravity ν CM , and times t estim  and t estim2 , or these are downloaded from memory  11 . On this basis, sideslip angle β and lateral vehicle speed ν y  are then pre-estimated in method step  401 . 
         [0026]    In method step  402 , the determination is made as a function of sideslip angle β, lateral speed of the vehicle ν y , vertical acceleration a z , longitudinal acceleration of the vehicle a x , and roll rate ω x  as to whether to activate the personal protection arrangement. The activation is then carried out in method step  403 .