Abstract:
A method and apparatus of forming a cleaning system for an electrostatographic reproduction system having a photoconductive drum partially within cleaning system housing and a cleaning brush having conductive core fibers within the cleaning system housing contacting the photoconductive drum with a detone roller also within the cleaning system housing contacting the cleaning brush. The cleaning system housing is provided with ports that allow for air entering or leaving the cleaning system housing. A curved deflector plate is positioned such that it is spaced about ⅛″ from the cleaning brush. The deflector plate is attached to the enclosure on a side where the brush fibers are moving towards the detone roller. A skive is made to contact the detone roller, a baffle is formed contacting the skive and a side of the cleaning housing. The cleaning system is preferably designed such that the ration of engagements of the detone roller to the cleaning brush compared to that of the toner bearing surface to the cleaning brush, is essentially three to one.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0001]    1. Field of the Invention  
           [0002]    The present invention relates to toner cleaning systems for electrophotographic equipment and, more particularly, to controlling the air flow within the cleaning chamber that contains the cleaning brush and detoner mechanism.  
           [0003]    2. Description Relative to the Prior Art  
           [0004]    Electrophotographic equipment employs a process for transfer of images that typically use marking particles to form the transferred image. Very commonly, the marking particles are placed on a photoconductor surface (such as a photoconductive drum) using toner as the making particles. A cleaning process is employed after the image has been transferred to remove residual toner. The cleaning process conventionally employs a moving fur brush having either electrically insulative or electrically conductive fibers. Conductive fibers may be homogeneous in their composition, or may have conductivity only in the fiber core while the outer sheath is insulative, or vice-versa. Each type of fiber, conductive or insulative, presents its own set of problems in operation.  
           [0005]    The most common fur brush cleaning system uses a cylindrical fur brush having electrically insulative fibers. Cleaning systems of this type require a vacuum system to remove toner from the photoconductive surface and the cleaning brush.  
           [0006]    In cleaning systems that employ fur brushes made of electrically conductive fibers, toner can be removed from the photoconductor surface and from the cleaning brush nap by mechanical and electrostatic forces. No vacuum system is required to remove toner particles from the photoconductor surface to a waste receptacle when conductive fibers are used. The cleaning process conventionally employs a cleaning brush having either conductive-core fibers or nonconductive fibers, each of which presents its own, individual set of problems. More conventional fur brush (conductive base) types of cleaning systems typically have conductive exterior portions with nonconductive cores. These fur brush based cleaning systems typically do require vacuum supply systems. In conductive-core fiber brush cleaning systems, the exterior of the cleaning brush fibers is nonconductive while the interior core is conductive. In these conductive core based systems, the toner is typically removed from the photoconductor surface by mechanical and electrostatic forces. The toner is then extracted from the cleaning brush by the electrically biased detoner roller. Vacuum supply systems are not needed to remove toner from the photoconductor surface to a waste receptacle in conductive core based systems.  
           [0007]    Conductive core based cleaning systems provide advantages in the elimination of the vacuum systems yielding a reduction of system cost, noise levels and power requirements over conventional fur brush cleaning systems. There are also shortcomings in toner particles being thrown from the rotating cleaning bush, or other sources within the cleaning station and drifting out of the housing contaminating other areas of the copier. Accordingly, from the foregoing discussion it should be apparent that there remains a need within the art for a system that provides increased control over airborne toner particles without the need for a vacuum.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0008]    This present invention provides a means of reducing and controlling air circulation in cleaning station housings for systems not having a vacuum. The problem of machine contamination by marking particles (such as toner) that are airborne, escaping from the cleaning station, is addressed by the method and apparatus of the present invention, wherein the level of airborne toner is greatly reduced. Within the cleaning station, there are two mechanisms that produce air motion. The first involves the moving surfaces of the cleaning brush and detone roller, is “drag” as air near the surfaces moves in the direction of rotation of the cleaning brush and the detone roller. This is a well-known aerodynamic phenomenon, resulting from the viscous property of air. The second mechanism involves the compression and expansion of the cleaning brush nap as it engages the photoconductor surface and the detone roller.  
           [0009]    As will be shown in the following description, the method and apparatus of the present invention uses these two mechanisms to generate favorable airflow patterns in and around the cleaning station assembly. This and other features are provided by a cleaning system for an electrostatographic reproduction system having a photoconductive drum partially within the cleaning system housing, with a cleaning brush having conductive core fibers within the cleaning system housing contacting the photoconductive drum, and a detone roller within the cleaning system housing contacting the cleaning brush. The cleaning system housing is provided with ports that allow for air to enter or leave the cleaning system housing. A curved deflector plate is positioned on a side of the cleaning enclosure where the cleaning brush fibers are moving towards the detone roller. The cleaning system is preferably designed such that the ratio of engagements of the detone roller to the cleaning brush compared to that of the toner bearing surface to the cleaning brush, is essentially three to one. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0010]    [0010]FIG. 1 is diagram showing an electrostatographic reproduction system as envisioned by the present invention and the viscous drag that occurs at interfaces in a cleaning chamber;  
         [0011]    [0011]FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the nip-pumping effect of the diagram of FIG. 1;  
         [0012]    [0012]FIG. 3 is a diagram of a fiber brush cleaning system according to the present invention with a curved deflector;  
         [0013]    [0013]FIG. 4 is a diagram of an alternate embodiment of a fiber brush cleaning system as envisioned by the present invention with an additional baffle;  
         [0014]    [0014]FIG. 5 is a graph of the air velocities of three ports plotted against the brush speed at various engagements.  
     
    
       [0015]    The invention and its objects and advantages will become apparent upon reading the following detailed description and upon reference to the drawings, in which:  
       DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
       [0016]    Referring to FIG. 1, in conductive-core fiber brush cleaning systems, a cleaning system for an electrostatographic reproduction system having a photoconductive drum  10  partially within cleaning system and a cleaning brush  12  having conductive core fibers within the cleaning system contacting the photoconductive drum. The cleaning brush  12  is used to remove marking particles (such as toner) from a photoconductor surface on drum  10  by mechanical and electrostatic forces. The toner is then extracted from the cleaning brush  12  by the electrically biased detoner roller  14 . Since the fibers on the cleaning brush are conductive-core type fibers, a vacuum supply system is not needed to remove the toner from the photoconductor surface to the waste toner receptacle. These vacuums are typically required by conventional fur brush cleaning systems that do not employ conductive-core fibers.  
         [0017]    The system that is shown in FIG. 1, as stated above, does not have a vacuum system. The elimination of the vacuum system provides advantages in system cost and reduced noise levels and power requirements. However, the lack of a vacuum also results in a reduction in the control of the airborne toner particles and this is an undesirable result. Toner particles that are thrown from the rotating cleaning bush, or other sources within the cleaning station, can drift out of the housing and contaminate other areas of the reproduction apparatus. The present invention addresses the problem of airborne toner escaping from the cleaning station and contaminating the machine by advantageously utilizing the aerodynamics of the moving surfaces of the cleaning brush and detone roller. These surfaces create “drag” in their direction of rotation, as seen in FIG. 1 as “air flow”. “Drag” involves the moving surfaces of the cleaning brush and detone roller, that “drag” air near their surfaces in their direction of rotation. This is a well known aerodynamic phenomenon, resulting from the viscous property of air.  
         [0018]    The second mechanism involves the compression and expansion of the cleaning brush nap as it engages the photoconductor surface (region A and B) and disengages from the detone roller (C), as seen in FIG. 2.  
         [0019]    As will be shown in the following description, these two mechanisms can be utilized to generate favorable air flow patterns in and around the cleaning station assembly.  
         [0020]    Referring to FIG. 1, a rotating cleaning brush  12  and detone roller  14  have rotational movements that create air flow due to the “viscous drag” at the interfaces. This air flow will form a curved vector force near the moving surfaces, the magnitude and direction of significant air flow is limited to a region close to the moving surfaces, perhaps a few millimeters in depth. This has been verified by introducing the vapors generated by solid CO 2  in water to the region of interest, and observing the visible flow pattern.  
         [0021]    [0021]FIG. 2, illustrates the mechanism of “nip-pumping” wherein the fibers of the cleaning brush  12  are deflected as they come into contact with the surface of photoconductor  10 , and air is excluded from the brush nap into the region “A” below the brush. As the fibers leave the surface of the photoconductor and return to their normal configuration, air from region “B” is taken into the brush as the volume of the brush nap returns to normal. If there is no direct path for air flow between regions “A” and “B”, the nip-pumping mechanism results in a net air flow from region “B” to “A”. The same pumping action occurs in the nip, indicated as C, where the cleaning brush engages and disengages from the detone roller. The direction of the air flow is as indicated by the arrows in FIG. 2.  
         [0022]    As will be shown in the following examples, these two air flow-generating mechanisms can be used to optimize air flow conditions in and around the cleaning station and greatly reduce contamination due to airborn toner.  
       EXAMPLE 1  
       [0023]    This example shows how the mechanism of air drag due to the viscosity of air can be used advantageously in controlling toner dust.  
         [0024]    [0024]FIG. 3 shows a cross section of a conductive-core fiber brush cleaning system in contact with a photoconductor drum  10 . A curved deflector plate  16  has been installed within the housing  18  and an exit opening preferably in the form of a slot, designated Port  3 , is provided. Openings between the cleaning station housing  18  and the photoconductor drum are called Port 1 and Port 2. Skive  20  is used to remove toner from the detone roller  14  in a conventional manner. The cleaning brush  12  and detone roller  14  are rotated in the directions indicated by the arrows, which in this example is a clockwise rotation.  
         [0025]    The {fraction (1/8)} spacing provided maximum air flow into Port 1 and out of Port 3 using a 2 inch diameter cleaning brush. Air flow increased proportionally with cleaning brush rpm. We did not experiment with cleaning brushes of different diameters. I can only estimate that the {fraction (1/8)} inch spacing would work well for rollers with diameters ranging from 1 inch to 6 inches.  
         [0026]    Using a hot-wire annemometer, it was found that air is taken into the housing at Port 1 and that air exits at Port 3. Some air is also found to exit at Port 2. It was found that this air flow through the housing could be increased greatly by the inclusion and positioning of the interior deflector plate  16 . Maximum air flow was obtained with the deflector in the position shown, with about {fraction (1/8)}″ spacing between its lower surface and the cleaning brush. Greater or smaller spacing results in significantly lower air flow velocities. It is specifically envisioned that toner in the air exiting from Port 3 can be captured by a filtration system.  
       EXAMPLE 2  
       [0027]    In Example 1 above, the air leaving the housing at Port 2 will still cause contamination in areas outside this port. Example 2, detailed below, shows how this problem is solved in this example. A baffle  22  has been added to the inside of the housing  18 , as shown in FIG. 4. The baffle  22  extends from skive  20  to the bottom of the housing  18 , dividing the housing  18  into two basic regions, indicated as A′ and B′. Airflow through the housing from Port 1 to Port 3 is maintained, and enhanced by the deflector plate  16 . In region A′, below the brush  12 , air flow by virtue of viscous drag can only circulate within this region, as there is only one opening.  
         [0028]    The mechanism of nip pumping can be utilized to move air either into or out of region A′, via Port 2.  
         [0029]    Separating regions A′ and B′ are two brush nips. With the indicated directions of roller rotation, the brush/detone nip will take air from region A′ into the brush, and at the brush/PC nip, air from the brush nap will be forced out into region A′.  
         [0030]    The net air flow into or out of region A′ is determined by the relative engagements of the cleaning brush  12  with the detone roller  14  and with the photoconductor drum  10 . It will readily understood to those skilled in the relevant arts, that a photoconductive web can be used in place of the photoconductive drum  10 . When the engagement of the brush  12  with the photoconductor drum  10  is greater than with the detone roller  14 , the excess air in region A′ will exit at Port 2. When the brush  12  engagement with the detone roller  14  is greater than with the photoconductor drum  10 , air will flow into region A′ through Port 2. This latter condition provides the desired airflow for the control of airborne toner in the vicinity of Port 2.  
         [0031]    The net airflow into Port 2 is carried from region A′ into region B′ within the nap of the brush  12 , and exits the brush  12  into region B′ where the brush  12  enters into engagement with the detone roller  14 . It combines with the airflow coming in from Port 1 and continues to the exit at Port 3.  
         [0032]    From these examples it is shown that beneficial airflow can be created and controlled within the cleaning station itself, with no external equipment or power required. The engagements and roller speeds required to provide this desirable result are within the ranges required for satisfactory cleaning of the photoconductor surface.  
         [0033]    Measurements of airflow velocities at Ports 1, 2 and 3 have been made with different combinations of engagement values at the two nips as seen in FIG. 4. These measurements were made at two values of cleaning brush  12 /detone roller  14  speeds. In FIG. 5, air velocities at the three ports are plotted for three conditions of nip engagement values. Positive air velocity values indicate airflow out of the housing  18 ; inward flow for negative values. It can be seen that the air velocity at Port 2 can be made to flow inward or outward by changing the values of nip engagements of the cleaning brush  12  with the photoconductor drum  10  and the detone roller  14 . When the engagements of the two nips are equal, the airflow at Port 2 is near zero. With the photoconductor engagement at 0.040″ and the detone engagement at 0.120″, an airflow velocity of 32 ft/min into the housing is shown, when the brush and detone speeds are 400 rpm.  
         [0034]    Port 3 airflow velocity, out of the housing, has been shown to increase nearly linearly with brush and detone speeds. When the engagements are at the favorable levels given above (0.040″/0.120″), the air velocity at Port 3 increases by 20 ft/min for each 200 rpm increase in brush/detone speeds. This relative engagement of photoconductor drum  10  and detone roller  14  to cleaning brush  12  is more effective than the other engagements illustrated in FIG. 5. As the rotational speed of the cleaning brush  12  and detone roller  14  increase the advantage becomes more pronounced.  
         [0035]    The concept of “nip pumping” could be used in any application where the generation of airflow at low pressure is needed. For example, a fiber brush, such as paint roller, rotating against a fixed surface within housing, could be used to process and remove particulate contaminants from air within an apparatus. Such a device could also be used to supply air for the cooling of electronic components or the ventilation of corona generating devices. If a brush with conductive fibers was used, in conjunction with a bias voltage, the device could be used as a source of ionized air, for the discharge of static charges.  
         [0036]    In general, the air pumping characteristics of a fiber brush do not depend on the electrical properties of the fibers, and, therefore, can be utilized in any system where there is relative motion and interference between two or more members, at least one of which has a woven nap.  
       PARTS LIST  
       [0037]    [0037] 10  photoconductive drum  
         [0038]    [0038] 12  cleaning brush  
         [0039]    [0039] 14  electrically biased detoner roller  
         [0040]    [0040] 16  curved deflector plate  
         [0041]    [0041] 18  cleaning station housing  
         [0042]    [0042] 20  Skive  
         [0043]    [0043] 22  baffle