Abstract:
A demulsifier and dispersant for treating petroleum crude oils and biofuels prior to desalter and heater treater processing can also be used to treat slop oils and clean drill cuttings.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    Priority of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/799,890, filed 15 Mar. 2013, incorporated herein by reference, is hereby claimed. 
         [0002]    All prior patents and patent applications naming me as an inventor are hereby incorporated herein by reference, including the following: 
         [0003]    Published U.S. patent applications: US20110174695 A1; US2006/0035793 A1; U.S.2005/0193923 A1; US2009/059046; US2005/26355; PCT International Publication Number WO2006/012622 A2; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/302,645; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/121,729; U.S. Pat. No. 6,322,621 B1; U.S. Pat. No. 6,783,582 B2; U.S. Pat. No. 7,449,429; and U.S. Pat. No. 8,063,004. However, this is not a continuation, continuation-in-part, or divisional of any prior patent application. 
     
    
     STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT 
       [0004]    Not applicable 
       REFERENCE TO A “MICROFICHE APPENDIX” 
       [0005]    Not applicable 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0006]    1. Field of the Invention 
         [0007]    The present invention relates to processing of fuel, and more particularly to dewatering agents for fuels and cleaning agents for drill cuttings and dewatering and dispersing agents for biofuels. 
         [0008]    2. General Background of the Invention 
         [0009]    Processing of fuel often involves adding to the fuel dewatering agents for fuels and dewatering and dispersing agents for biofuels. Cleaning agents are often used to clean drill cuttings. 
       BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0010]    The present invention includes a composition which can be useful for cleaning drill cuttings, processing slop oil, and processing biofuels. The composition preferably includes a demulsifier, a co-additive for demulsifier, a solvent and coupling agent and antifoaming agent, a very powerful demulsifier, a solvent, a chelating dispersant, a surfactant, a fluorinated surfactant, and a dispersant which is an oil soluble and water dispersible anionic surfactant. Preferably there are as well multiple surfactant—degreasing agents (particularly when the composition is used to clean drill cuttings). 
         [0011]    Preferably, the demulsifier is at least one from the group consisting of citric acid, acetic acid, ascorbic, formic, other carboxylic acids, sulphamic acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, and mixtures thereof, the co-additive for demulsifier is at least one from the group consisting of dodecyl benzene sulphonic acid, toluene sulphonic acid, toluene sulphonic acid, xylene sulphonic acid, and any other alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, and mixtures thereof, the solvent and coupling agent and antifoaming agent—hydrotrope is at least one from the group consisting of butyl cellosolve and any other preferably non-toxic alkyl glycol ether, and mixtures thereof, 
         [0000]    the very powerful demulsifier is at least one from the group consisting of on the one hand diisopropylnaphthalenesulphonic acid (35-70%), sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (10-30%), 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene (5-15%), sulphuric acid (0.5-5%), xylene (0-3%), cumene (0-3%) and on the other hand other alkyl, di-alkyl, tri-alkyl napthlalene sulphonic acids, and mixtures thereof, the solvent is at least one from the group consisting of pine oil and any other terpene type of oil, and mixtures thereof, the chelating dispersant chelates Fe, Al, Ca from about 100 ppm to less than 10 ppm—moves Fe, Al, Ca from oil to water, and comprises an oil-water soluble copolymer of partially sulfonated, maleic anhydride and polystyrene, 25% active, the surfactant lowers surface tension and is at least one from the group consisting of alcohol ethoxylate and any other non-ionic ethoxylated surfactant, and mixtures thereof, the fluorinated surfactant lowers surface tension is at least one from the group consisting of on the one hand 40% fluorosurfactant, 30% isopropyl alcohol, and 30% water and on the other hand a Capstone fluorinated surfactant, such as Capstone N35 or Capstone N65-fluorinated surfactant, which are 25% active, so 4× the amount should be used, and mixtures thereof, the surfactant—degreasing agents are at least one from the group consisting of nonylphenol ethoxylate, POE-4, nonylphenol ethoxylate, POE-6, and nonylphenol ethoxylate, POE-8, and mixtures thereof, the dispersant is an oil soluble and water dispersible anionic surfactant which drops char content from around 2000 ppm to less than 10 ppm and is at least one from the group consisting of isopropylamine dodecyl benzene sulfonatesand other oil soluble and water dispersible anionic surfactants, including other isopropylamine dodecyl benzene sulfonates, and mixtures thereof. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0012]      
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 A preferred formula for the composition (to be sold as Malcera 1507AK) of the present invention 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Col. 5 
                 Col. 6 
                 Col. 7 
                 Col. 8 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Col. 2 
                 Col. 3 
                 Col. 4 
                 More 
                 Most 
                 Example 
                 Example B 
               
               
                   
                 Col. 1 
                 Function 
                 % by 
                 Preferred 
                 Preferred 
                 Preferred 
                 A 
                 % by 
               
               
                 Row 
                 Ingredient 
                 (Generic name) ((alternatives)) 
                 wt. 
                 % by wt. 
                 % by wt. 
                 % by wt. 
                 % by wt. 
                 wt. 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 1 
                 Citric Acid 
                 demulsifier 
                 30 to 90 
                 40 to 80 
                 45 to 75 
                 50 to 70 
                 59.04 
                 60.5 
               
               
                   
                 50% 
                 (citric acid 50%/water50%) 
               
               
                   
                   
                 ((acetic acid, sorbic acid, formic acid, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 butyric acid, gluconic acid, valeric acid, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 2-ethylbutyric acid, 2-ethylhexoic acid, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 propionic acid, iso pentanoic acid, benzoic 
               
               
                   
                   
                 acid, and other carboxylic acids; mineral 
               
               
                   
                   
                 acids, including nitric acid, phosphoric 
               
               
                   
                   
                 acid, and sulfuric acid; sulfonic acids, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 including DDBSA-Biosoft 101 and toluene 
               
               
                   
                   
                 sulfonic acid; fatty acids derived from 
               
               
                   
                   
                 vegetable oils, including mysistic, palmitic, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, lauric 
               
               
                   
                   
                 acid, and linolenic acid; and mixtures 
               
               
                   
                   
                 thereof)) 
               
               
                 2 
                 Biosoft 
                 co-additive for demulsifier (dodecyl 
                  3 to 30 
                  5 to 25 
                  5 to 20 
                  5 to 15 
                 5.4 
                 15 
               
               
                   
                 101- 
                 benzene sulphonic acid) ((toluene sulphonic 
               
               
                   
                 DDBSA 
                 acid or any other alkyl benzene sulphonic 
               
               
                   
                   
                 acid, such as toluene sulphonic acid, xylene 
               
               
                   
                   
                 sulphonic acid and mixtures thereof)) 
               
               
                 3 
                 butyl 
                 solvent and coupling agent and antifoaming 
                 2 to 8 
                 3 to 8 
                 3.0 to 7.0 
                 3.0 to 5.0 
                 2.4 
                 3.0 
               
               
                   
                 cellosolve 
                 agent - hydrotrope (butyl cellosolve, aka 
               
               
                   
                   
                 EB) ((any other alkyl glycol ether, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 preferably non-toxic)) 
               
               
                 4 
                 C-4100 
                 very powerful demulsifier 
                  3 to 25 
                  5 to 20 
                  7 to 15 
                  9 to 12 
                 10.0 
                 9 
               
               
                   
                   
                 (diisopropylnaphthalenesulphonic acid 
               
               
                   
                   
                 (35-70%), sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate 
               
               
                   
                   
                 (10-30%), 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene (5-15%), 
               
               
                   
                   
                 sulphuric acid (0.5-5%), xylene (0-3%), 
               
               
                   
                   
                 cumene (0-3%)) 
               
               
                   
                   
                 ((other alkyl, di-alkyl, tri-alkyl napthlalene 
               
               
                   
                   
                 sulphonic acids)) 
               
               
                 5 
                 Pine Oil 
                 solvent (pine oil) ((any other terpene type 
                 0.5 to 5   
                 0.5 to 3.0 
                 0.8 to 3.0 
                 1.0 to 3.0 
                 1.2 
                 1.5 
               
               
                   
                   
                 of oil)) 
               
               
                 6 
                 Versa-TL-4 
                 chelating dispersant - chelates Fe, Al, Ca 
                  1 to 12 
                  2 to 10 
                  2 to 8 
                 2 to 6 
                 5.7 
                 6 
               
               
                   
                   
                 from about 100 ppm to less than 10 ppm - 
               
               
                   
                   
                 moves Fe, Al, Ca from oil to water 
               
               
                   
                   
                 (an oil-water soluble copolymer of partially 
               
               
                   
                   
                 sulfonated, maleic anhydride and 
               
               
                   
                   
                 polystyrene, 25% active) 
               
               
                   
                   
                 ((Versa-TL-3 diluted with water to 25% 
               
               
                   
                   
                 active)) 
               
               
                 7 
                 Merpol SE 
                 surfactant - lowers surface tension (alcohol 
                 0.5 to 3.0 
                 0.5 to 2.5 
                 0.5 to 2.0 
                 0.5 to 1.5 
                 1.1 
                 1.0 
               
               
                   
                   
                 ethoxylate) ((any other non-ionic 
               
               
                   
                   
                 ethoxylated surfactant)) 
               
               
                 8 
                 Zonyl FSN 
                 fluorinated surfactant - lowers surface 
                 0.01 to 0.3  
                 0.01 to 0.2  
                 0.05 to 0.18 
                 0.05 to 0.15 
                 0.11 
                 0.10 
               
               
                   
                   
                 tension (40% fluorosurfactant, 30% 
               
               
                   
                   
                 isopropyl alcohol, and 30% water) ((or a 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Capstone fluorinated surfactant, such as 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Capstone N35 or Capstone N65fluorinated 
               
               
                   
                   
                 surfactant, which are 25% active, so 4X the 
               
               
                   
                   
                 amount should be used)) 
               
               
                 9 
                 Makon 4 
                 surfactant - degreasing agent (nonylphenol 
                 0.25 to 2.0  
                 0.25 to 1.0  
                 0.25 to 0.70 
                 0.3 to 0.7 
                 0.35 
                 0.5 
               
               
                   
                   
                 ethoxylate, POE-4) ((or other nonylphenol 
               
               
                   
                   
                 ethoxylates, such as Makon 6 or Makon 8)) 
               
               
                 10 
                 Makon 6 
                 surfactant - degreasing agent (nonylphenol 
                 0.25 to 2.0  
                 0.25 to 1.0  
                 0.25 to 0.70 
                 0.3 to 0.7 
                 0.35 
                 0.5 
               
               
                   
                   
                 ethoxylate, POE-6) ((or other nonylphenol 
               
               
                   
                   
                 ethoxylates, such as Makon 4 or Makon 8)) 
               
               
                 11 
                 Makon 8 
                 surfactant - degreasing agent (nonylphenol 
                 0.25 to 2.0  
                 0.25 to 1.0  
                 0.25 to 0.70 
                 0.3 to 0.7 
                 0.35 
                 0.5 
               
               
                   
                   
                 ethoxylate, POE-8) ((or other nonylphenol 
               
               
                   
                   
                 ethoxylates, such as Makon 4 or Makon 6)) 
               
               
                 12 
                 Biosoft N- 
                 dispersant - oil soluble and water 
                 2.0 to 20  
                 2.0 to 17  
                 2.0 to 15  
                  2.0 to 13.0 
                 14.0 
                 2.4 
               
               
                   
                 411 
                 dispersible anionic surfactant - drops char 
               
               
                   
                   
                 content from around 2000 ppm to less than 
               
               
                   
                   
                 10 ppm (isopropylamine dodecyl benzene 
               
               
                   
                   
                 sulfonates) ((other oil soluble and water 
               
               
                   
                   
                 dispersible anionic surfactants, including 
               
               
                   
                   
                 other isopropylamine dodecyl benzene 
               
               
                   
                   
                 sulfonates)) 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0013]    In the above table, POE is polyoxiethylene. 
         [0014]    To make the Malcera 1507AK product, one blends as follows (with preferably constant stirring):
       put the citric acid in a reactor at ambient temperature (typically around 25 Centigrade);   then add Biosoft101,   then add EB,   then add C-4100,   then add Pine Oil,   then slowly add Versa TL-4 until no foam is present,   then add Merpol SE,   then add Zonyl FSN,   then add Makon 4,   then add Makon 6,   then add Makon 8,   then add Biosoft N-411.   Then continue to stir for 4 hours at ambient temperature.       
 
         [0028]    Preferably, the citric acid is always the first ingredient in the reactor. Preferably, EB, Biosoft 101, and C-4100 are added before Versa TL-4. After that, the ingredients can be added in any order. The goal is to keep all components properly blended without separation as the blending occurs. 
         [0029]    However, it is possible to mix ingredients other than citric acid together, then add that mix while stirring to the citric acid (in such a case more EB might be needed). 
         [0030]    Malcera sells the above product as Malcera 1507AK. 
         [0031]    Malcera 1507AK (optionally without Makon 4, Makon 6, and Makon 8) (or a version with ingredients from columns 1 and or 2 of Table 1) can be used to treat slop oils and tank remnants or sludges to knock out water and to disperse the hydrocarbons into diluents, and to drop solids out of these products. This is usually performed at about 150-200 degrees F. and the concentration is usually 1,000-2,500 ppm. 
         [0032]    Malcera 1507AK (or a version with ingredients from columns 1 and or 2 of Table 1) can be used to treat drill cuttings to reduce water content. This is usually performed at about 100 degrees C. and the concentration is usually 5,000-10,000 ppm. The drill cuttings are typically coated with oil based drilling mud emulstions. 
         [0033]    Malcera 1507AK (optionally without Makon 4, Makon 6, and Makon 8, but preferably in approximately the amounts listed in column 7 of Table 1) (or a version with ingredients from columns 1 and or 2 of Table 1) can be used to reduce water content and solids content in a biofuels mixture made from the pyrolysis of wood to yield a very clean oil. This clean oil can then be hydrotreated to make gasoline and diesel. When used in a biofuels mixture, typically 500-1000 ppm of Malcera 1507AK is used in the biofuels mixture. The typical temperature is about 150 degrees F. Malcera 1507AK knocks out water so that less than 99.9% of the biofuels mixture is water. A desalter then takes out last up to 0.1% water. Another useful product is commercially available from Malcera as product 507AIG. 507AIG can include the following preferred ranges of components:
       508MM—15-30%   Diesel—5-20%   DDBSA—10-25%   1507AK—balance 25-70%       
 
         [0038]    In use, the doseage ranges could be as follows:
       1.) 508MM: 300 to 3,000 P.P.M. (of the material being treated)   2.) 1507AK: 1,000 to 10,000 P.P.M. (of the material being treated)       
 
       Example 1 
     Column 7 of Table 2 
       [0000]    
       
         
           
             16.7% 508MM 
             13.3% diesel (could be omitted with heat instead—about 170 degrees F. for a long period of time) (or any liquid petroleum hydrocarbon) 
             20% of DDBSA 
             50% 1507AK 
             Where 1507AK is 59.04% Citric Acid, 5.4% Biosoft 101-DDBSA, 2.4% butyl cellosolve, 10.0% C-4100, 1.2% Pine Oil, 5.7% Versa-TL-4, 1.1% Merpol SE, 0.11% Zonyl FSN, 0.35% Makon 4, 0.35% Makon 4, 0.35% Makon 4, 14.0% Biosoft N-411 
             Where 505MM is 49% KP140 (TBEP), 49% vegetable oil, 1.6% Merpol SE, 0.2% Merpol A, and 0.2% Zonyl FSN 
             So, 
             29.52% Citric Acid, 2.7% Biosoft 101-DDBSA, 1.2% butyl cellosolve, 5.0% C-4100, 0.6% Pine Oil, 2.85% Versa-TL-4, 0.55% Merpol SE, 0.055% Zonyl FSN, 0.175% Makon 4, 0.175% Makon 4, 0.175% Makon 4, 7.0% Biosoft N-411 8.183% KP140 (TBEP), 8.183% vegetable oil, 0.2672% Merpol SE, 0.0334% Merpol A, and 0.0334% Zonyl FSN 
             20% of DDBSA total—22.7%, Merpol SE total—0.8172%. Zonyl FSN Total—0.0884% 
             13.3% diesel 
           
         
       
     
       Example 2 
     Column 8 of Table 2 
       [0000]    
       
         
           
             1.) Malcera 508MM=20% 
             2.) Diesel=15% 
             3.) DDBSA (Stepan Biosoft 101)=15% 
             4.) Malcera 1507AK=50% 
             Total=100% 
             Where 1507AK is 59.04% Citric Acid, 5.4% Biosoft 101-DDBSA, 2.4% butyl cellosolve, 10.0% C-4100, 1.2% Pine Oil, 5.7% Versa-TL-4, 1.1% Merpol SE, 0.11% Zonyl FSN, 0.35% Makon 4, 0.35% Makon 4, 0.35% Makon 4, 14.0% Biosoft N-411 
             Where 505MM is 49% KP140 (TBEP), 49% vegetable oil, 1.6% Merpol SE, 0.2% Merpol A, and 0.2% Zonyl FSN 
             So, 
             29.52% Citric Acid, 2.7% Biosoft 101-DDBSA, 1.2% butyl cellosolve, 5.0% C-4100, 0.6% Pine Oil, 2.85% Versa-TL-4, 0.55% Merpol SE, 0.055% Zonyl FSN, 0.175% Makon 4, 0.175% Makon 4, 0.175% Makon 4, 7.0% Biosoft N-411 9.8% KP140 (TBEP), 9.8% vegetable oil, 0.32% Merpol SE, 0.04% Merpol A, and 0.04% Zonyl FSN 
             Diesel=15% 
             DDBSA (Stepan Biosoft 101)=15% 
             DDBSA (total—17.7%), Merpol SE total—0.87%. Zonyl FSN Total—0.095% 
           
         
       
     
       Example 3 
     Column 9 of Table 2 
       [0000]    
       
         
           
             1.) Malcera 508MM=20% 
             2.) Diesel=15% 
             3.) DDBSA (Stepan Biosoft 101)=5% 
             4.) Malcera 1507AK=60% 
             Total=100% 
             Where 1507AK is 59.04% Citric Acid, 5.4% Biosoft 101-DDBSA, 2.4% butyl cellosolve, 10.0% C-4100, 1.2% Pine Oil, 5.7% Versa-TL-4, 1.1% Merpol SE, 0.11% Zonyl FSN, 0.35% Makon 4, 0.35% Makon 4, 0.35% Makon 4, 14.0% Biosoft N-411 
             49% KP140 (TBEP), 49% vegetable oil, 1.6% Merpol SE, 0.2% Merpol A, and 0.2% Zonyl FSN 
             So, 
             35.424% Citric Acid, 3.24% Biosoft 101-DDBSA, 1.44% butyl cellosolve, 6.0% C-4100, 0.72% Pine Oil, 3.42% Versa-TL-4, 0.66% Merpol SE, 0.066% Zonyl FSN, 0.21% Makon 4, 0.21% Makon 4, 0.21% Makon 4, 8.4% Biosoft N-411 9.8% KP140 (TBEP), 9.8% vegetable oil, 0.32% Merpol SE, 0.04% Merpol A, and 0.04% Zonyl FSN 
             Diesel=15% 
             DDBSA (total—8.24%), Merpol SE total—0.98%. Zonyl FSN Total—0.106% 
           
         
       
     
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 A preferred formula for the composition (to be sold as Malcera 507AIG) of the present invention 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                   
                 Col. 2 
                   
                 Col. 4 
                 Col. 5 
                 Col. 6 
                 Col. 7 
                 Col. 8 
                 Col. 9 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Function 
                 Col. 3 
                 Preferred 
                 More 
                 Most 
                 Example 1 
                 Example 2 
                 Example 3 
               
               
                   
                 Col. 1 
                 (Generic name) 
                 % by 
                 % 
                 Preferred % 
                 Preferred % 
                 % by 
                 % by 
                 % by 
               
               
                 Row 
                 Ingredient 
                 ((alternatives)) 
                 wt. 
                 by wt. 
                 by wt. 
                 by wt. 
                 wt. 
                 wt. 
                 wt. 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 1 
                 Citric Acid 
                 demulsifier 
                  7 to 65 
                 10 to 60 
                 11 to 55 
                 12 to 50 
                 29.52 
                 29.52 
                 35.424 
               
               
                   
                 50% 
                 (citric acid 50%/water50%) 
               
               
                   
                   
                 ((acetic acid, sorbic acid, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 formic acid, butyric acid, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 gluconic acid, valeric acid, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 2-ethylbutyric acid, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 2-ethylhexoic acid, propionic 
               
               
                   
                   
                 acid, iso pentanoic acid, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 benzoic acid, and other 
               
               
                   
                   
                 carboxylic acids; mineral 
               
               
                   
                   
                 acids, including nitric acid, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 phosphoric acid, and sulfuric 
               
               
                   
                   
                 acid; sulfonic acids, including 
               
               
                   
                   
                 DDBSA-Biosoft 101 and 
               
               
                   
                   
                 toluene sulfonic acid; fatty 
               
               
                   
                   
                 acids derived from vegetable 
               
               
                   
                   
                 oils, including mysistic, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 palmitic, stearic acid, oleic 
               
               
                   
                   
                 acid, linoleic acid, lauric acid, 
               
               
                 2 
                 Biosoft 
                 co-additive for demulsifier 
                  3 to 50 
                  5 to 50 
                  5 to 45 
                  5 to 35 
                 22.7 
                 17.7 
                 8.24 
               
               
                   
                 101- 
                 (dodecyl benzene sulphonic 
               
               
                   
                 DDBSA 
                 acid) ((toluene sulphonic acid 
               
               
                   
                   
                 or any other alkyl benzene 
               
               
                   
                   
                 sulphonic acid, such as toluene 
               
               
                   
                   
                 sulphonic acid, xylene 
               
               
                   
                   
                 sulphonic acid and mixtures 
               
               
                   
                   
                 thereof)) 
               
               
                 3 
                 butyl 
                 solvent and coupling agent and 
                 0.5 to 6   
                 .75 to 6   
                 .75 to 5   
                 .75 to 3.5 
                 1.2 
                 1.2 
                 1.44 
               
               
                   
                 cellosolve 
                 antifoaming agent - 
               
               
                   
                   
                 hydrotrope (butyl cellosolve, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 aka EB) ((any other alkyl 
               
               
                   
                   
                 glycol ether, preferably non- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 toxic)) 
               
               
                 4 
                 C-4100 
                 very powerful demulsifier 
                 1.0 to 18  
                 1.25 to 20   
                 1.75 to 15   
                 2.25 to 12   
                 5.0 
                 5.0 
                 6.0 
               
               
                   
                   
                 (diisopropylnaphthalenesulphonic 
               
               
                   
                   
                 acid (35-70%), sodium 
               
               
                   
                   
                 dodecylbenzenesulfonate 
               
               
                   
                   
                 (10-30%), 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene 
               
               
                   
                   
                 (5-15%), sulphuric acid (0.5-5%), 
               
               
                   
                   
                 xylene (0-3%), cumene 
               
               
                   
                   
                 (0-3%)) 
               
               
                   
                   
                 ((other alkyl, di-alkyl, tri-alkyl 
               
               
                   
                   
                 napthlalene sulphonic acids)) 
               
               
                 5 
                 Pine Oil 
                 solvent (pine oil) ((any other 
                 0.5 to 5   
                 0.5 to 3.0 
                 0.8 to 3.0 
                 1.0 to 3.0 
                 0.6 
                 0.6 
                 0.72 
               
               
                   
                   
                 terpene type of oil)) 
               
               
                 6 
                 Versa-TL-4 
                 chelating dispersant - chelates 
                  1 to 10 
                  2 to 10 
                 2 to 8 
                 2 to 6 
                 2.85 
                 2.85 
                 3.42 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Fe, Al, Ca from about 100 ppm 
               
               
                   
                   
                 to less than 10 ppm - moves 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Fe, Al, Ca from oil to water 
               
               
                   
                   
                 (an oil-water soluble 
               
               
                   
                   
                 copolymer of partially 
               
               
                   
                   
                 sulfonated, maleic anhydride 
               
               
                   
                   
                 and polystyrene, 25% active) 
               
               
                   
                   
                 ((Versa-TL-3 diluted with 
               
               
                   
                   
                 water to 25% active)) 
               
               
                 7 
                 Merpol SE 
                 surfactant - lowers surface 
                 0.5 to 3.0 
                 0.5 to 2.5 
                 0.5 to 2.0 
                 0.5 to 1.5 
                 0.8172 
                 0.87 
                 .98 
               
               
                   
                   
                 tension (alcohol ethoxylate) 
               
               
                   
                   
                 ((any other non-ionic 
               
               
                   
                   
                 ethoxylated surfactant)) 
               
               
                 8 
                 Zonyl FSN 
                 fluorinated surfactant - lowers 
                 0.01 to 0.3  
                 0.01 to 0.2  
                 0.05 to 0.18 
                 0.05 to 0.15 
                 0.0884 
                 0.095 
                 0.106 
               
               
                   
                   
                 surface tension (40% 
               
               
                   
                   
                 fluorosurfactant, 30% 
               
               
                   
                   
                 isopropyl alcohol, and 30% 
               
               
                   
                   
                 water) ((or a Capstone 
               
               
                   
                   
                 fluorinated surfactant, such as 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Capstone N35 or Capstone 
               
               
                   
                   
                 N65fluorinated surfactant, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 which are 25% active, so 4X 
               
               
                   
                   
                 the amount should be used)) 
               
               
                 9 
                 Makon 4 
                 surfactant - degreasing agent 
                 0.0625 to 
                 0.0625 to 
                 0.0625 
                 .075 to 0.7  
                 0.175 
                 0.175 
                 0.21 
               
               
                   
                   
                 (nonylphenol ethoxylate, 
                 5.0 
                 1.0 
                 to 0.70 
               
               
                   
                   
                 POE-4) ((or other nonylphenol 
               
               
                   
                   
                 ethoxylates, such as Makon 6 
               
               
                   
                   
                 or Makon 8)) 
               
               
                 10 
                 Makon 6 
                 surfactant - degreasing agent 
                 0.0625 to 
                 0.0625 to 
                 0.0625 
                 .075 to 0.7  
                 0.175 
                 0.175 
                 0.21 
               
               
                   
                   
                 (nonylphenol ethoxylate, 
                 5.0 
                 1.0 
                 to 0.70 
               
               
                   
                   
                 POE-6) ((or other nonylphenol 
               
               
                   
                   
                 ethoxylates, such as Makon 4 
               
               
                   
                   
                 or Makon 8)) 
               
               
                 11 
                 Makon 8 
                 surfactant - degreasing agent 
                 0.0625 to 
                 0.0625 to 
                 0.0625 
                 .075 to 0.7  
                 0.175 
                 0.175 
                 0.21 
               
               
                   
                   
                 (nonylphenol ethoxylate, 
                 5.0 
                 1.0 
                 to 0.70 
               
               
                   
                   
                 POE-8) ((or other nonylphenol 
               
               
                   
                   
                 ethoxylates, such as Makon 4 
               
               
                   
                   
                 or Makon 6)) 
               
               
                 12 
                 Biosoft N- 
                 dispersant - oil soluble and 
                 0.5 to 
                 0.5 to 
                 0.5 to 
                  0.5 to 13.0 
                 7.0 
                 7.0 
                 8.4 
               
               
                   
                 411 
                 water dispersible anionic 
                 20 
                 17 
                 15 
               
               
                   
                   
                 surfactant - drops char content 
               
               
                   
                   
                 from around 2000 ppm to less 
               
               
                   
                   
                 than 10 ppm (isopropylamine 
               
               
                   
                   
                 dodecyl benzene sulfonates) 
               
               
                   
                   
                 ((other oil soluble and water 
               
               
                   
                   
                 dispersible anionic surfactants, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 including other 
               
               
                   
                   
                 isopropylamine dodecyl 
               
               
                   
                   
                 benzene sulfonates)) 
               
               
                 13 
                 Diesel 
                 diluent - ((any liquid 
                 1-30 
                  5 to 20 
                 10-18  
                 12-17 
                 13.3 
                 15 
                 15 
               
               
                   
                   
                 petroleum hydrocarbon)) 
               
               
                 14 
                 KP140 
                 plasticizing agent 
                 1-30 
                  2-25 
                 3-20 
                  4-15 
                 8.183 
                 9.8 
                 9.8 
               
               
                   
                 (TBEP) 
                 (tributoxyethylphosphate) 
               
               
                   
                   
                 ((none)) 
               
               
                 15 
                 soybean oil 
                 solubilizing agent 
                 1-30 
                 2-25 
                 3-20 
                  4-15 
                 8.183 
                 9.8 
                 9.8 
               
               
                   
                   
                 ((other vegetable oils, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 petroleum hydrocarbons, such 
               
               
                   
                   
                 as diesel, condensate, crude 
               
               
                   
                   
                 oil, kerosene, light cycle oil)) 
               
               
                 16 
                 Merpol A 
                 surfactant - lowers surface 
                 0.01-.20  
                 .02-.15  
                 0.02-.10  
                 0.03-0.50 
                 0.0334 
                 0.04 
                 0.04 
               
               
                   
                 brand 
                 tension (phosphate ester) ((any 
               
               
                   
                 nonionic 
                 other non-ionic phosphate 
               
               
                   
                 phosphate 
                 ester surfactant, such as 
               
               
                   
                 ester 
                 ethoxylated alcohols, reactions 
               
               
                   
                 surfactant 
                 of cocoacid and polyethylene 
               
               
                   
                   
                 glycol (PEG), and 
               
               
                   
                   
                 nonylphenols)) 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0074]    The present inventor recently combined 1507AK and 508MM into a new single product by using a coupling agent from 1057AK (Biosoft 101). The new single product to be sold commercially as Malcera 507AIG, helps to process petroleum crude oils and biofuels with no rag layer. 
         [0075]    To make the Malcera 507AIG product, one blends as follows (with preferably constant stirring):
       put Malcera 508MM in a reactor at ambient temperature (typically around 25 Centigrade);   then add Diesel,   then add Biosoft 101,   then add slowly add Malcera 1507AK.       
 
         [0080]    Then continue to stir for 4 to 5 hours at ambient temperature. Preferably, the 508MM is always the first ingredient in the reactor. The diesel or any liquid petroleum hydrocarbon of said mixture may be omitted by contiguously heating the mixture to a temperature of 170° F. 
         [0081]    The chemical blend of Malcera 507AIG preferably comprises the following component ranges: 15 to 30% of 508MM, 5 to 20% of Diesel, 10 to 25% of Stepan Biosoft 101, 25 to 75% of 1507AK. 
         [0082]    Malcera 507AIG can also have a following composition: 16.7% 508MM, 13.3% diesel or any liquid petroleum hydrocarbon, 20% of Stepan Biosoft 101, and 50% 1507AK. 
         [0083]    An optional blending formulation of Malcera 507AIG has the following composition: 20% 508MM, 15% diesel or any liquid petroleum hydrocarbon, 15% of DoDecylBenzeneSulfonic Acid, and 50% 1507AK. This formulation of Malcera 507AIG may be used to break an emulsion before cleaning drill cuttings and can also be used as a substitute for Malcera 1507AK. 
         [0084]    Another optional blending formulation of Malcera 507AIG has the following composition: 20% 508MM, 15% diesel or any liquid petroleum hydrocarbon, 5% of Stepan Biosoft 101, and 60% 1507AK. This formulation of Malcera 507AIG may also be used to break an emulsion before cleaning drill cuttings and can also be used as a substitute for Malcera 1507AK. 
         [0085]    Malcera 507AIG (optionally without Makon 4, Makon 6, and Makon 8) (or a version with ingredients from columns 1 and or 2 of Table 2) can be used to treat slop oils and tank remnants or sludges to knock out water and to disperse the hydrocarbons into diluents, and to drop solids out of these products. This is usually performed at about 150-200 degrees F. and the concentration is usually 1,000-2,500 ppm. 
         [0086]    Malcera 507AIG (or a version with ingredients from columns 1 and or 2 of Table 2) can be used to treat drill cuttings to reduce water content. This is usually performed at about 100 degrees C. and the concentration is usually 5,000-10,000 ppm. The drill cuttings are typically coated with oil based drilling mud emulstions. 
         [0087]    Malcera 507AIG (optionally without Makon 4, Makon 6, and Makon 8, but preferably in approximately the amounts listed in column 7 of Table 2) (or a version with ingredients from columns 1 and or 2 of Table 2) can be used to reduce water content and solids content in a biofuels mixture made from the pyrolysis of wood to yield a very clean oil. This clean oil can then be hydrotreated to make gasoline and diesel. When used in a biofuels mixture, typically 500-1000 ppm of Malcera 507AIG is used in the biofuels mixture. The typical temperature is about 150 degrees F. Malcera 507AIG knocks out water so that less than 99.9% of the biofuels mixture is water. A desalter then takes out last up to 0.1% water.
       1.) 508MM: 300 to 3,000 P.P.M.   2.) 1507AK: 1,000 to 10,000 P.P.M.       
 
         [0090]    508MM is preferably a blend of KP140 (TBEP), vegetable oil, and non-ionic surfactants. The non-ionic surfactants component can comprise 0.5-3.0% polyethylene glycol non-ionic surfactant, 0.1-0.5% fluoroalkyl polyethylene glycol surfactant, and 0.1-0.5% phosphate derivative of a polyethylene glycol surfactant; preferably they comprise about 80% polyethylene glycol non-ionic surfactant, about 10% fluoroalkyl polyethylene glycol surfactant, and about 10% phosphate derivative of a polyethylene glycol surfactant. 508MM is preferably a blend of 1.5-98% KP140 (TBEP), 98.0-1.5% vegetable oil, and 0.5-3.0% non-ionic surfactants. 508MM is most preferably about 49% KP140 (TBEP), about 49% vegetable oil, and about 2% non-ionic surfactants. The vegetable oil is preferably soybean oil, and the surfactant is preferably a mixture of 1.6% Merpol SE brand nonionic ethoxylated alcohol surfactant, 0.2% Merpol A brand nonionic phosphate ester surfactant, and 0.2% Zonyl FSN brand nonionic fluoroalcohol surfactant 
         [0091]    Other surface active agents, which may be used in place of or in combination with the exemplary polyethylene-oxide-based, nonionic surfactants, are outlined below. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
               
                 Types of Nonionic Surfactants 
                 H.L.B. # 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 1. Ethoxylated Alcohols 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 tridecyl alcohol ethoxylate (6 EO) 
                   
                 11.4 
               
               
                 (where EO is ethylene oxide) 
               
               
                 tridecyl alcohol ethoxylate (9 EO) 
                   
                 13.3 
               
               
                 tridecyl alcohol ethoxylate (12 EO) 
                   
                   
                 14.5 
               
               
                 tridecyl alcohol ethoxylate (15 EO) 
                   
                   
                 15.3 
               
               
                 Witco Chemicals&#39; tridecyl alcohol ethoxylate 
                   
                 12.4 
               
               
                 Stepan Chemicals&#39; tridecyl alcohol ethoxylate 
                   
                 12.4 
               
               
                 alcohol ethoxylate (3 EO) 
                 8.0 
               
               
                 alcohol ethoxylate (6 EO) 
                 11.8 
               
               
                 alcohol ethoxylate (8 EO) 
                 13.2 
               
               
                 alcohol ethoxylate (10 EO) 
                   
                 14.1 
               
               
                 C8-C10 alcohol ethoxylate (6 moles) 
                   
                   
                 12.5 
               
               
                 C8-C10 alcohol ethoxylate (8 moles) 
                   
                   
                 13.6 
               
               
                 2. Reactions of Cocoacid + Polyethylene Gylcol (PEG) 
               
               
                 PEG30-glyceryl cocoate 
                 15.9 
               
               
                 PEG80-glyceryl cocoate 
                 18.0 
               
               
                 PEG 30 mixture-glyceryl cocoate 
                   
                   
                 15.9 
               
               
                 PEG 20-glyceryl tallowate 
                   
                   
                 13.0 
               
               
                 PEG80-glyceryl tallowate 
                   
                   
                 18.0 
               
               
                 PEG200-glyceryl tallowate 
                   
                   
                 19.0 
               
               
                 PEG2 cocamine 
                 6.2 
               
               
                 PEG5 cocamine 
                 11.0 
               
               
                 PEG10 cocamine 
                 13.8 
               
               
                 PEG15 cocamine 
                 15.4 
               
               
                 PEG15 cocamine mixture 
                 15.4 
               
               
                 It is noted that, as the amount of ethoxylation increases, the H.L.B. # 
               
               
                 increases, and the cationic character changes to more nonionic. 
               
               
                 PEG2 tallow amine 
                 5.1 
               
               
                 PEG2 tallow amine mixture 
                   
                   
                 5.1 
               
               
                 PEG5 tallow amine 
                 9.2 
               
               
                 PEG10 tallow amine 
                   
                 12.6 
               
               
                 PEG15 tallow amine 
                   
                 14.4 
               
               
                 PEG20 tallow amine 
                   
                 15.4 
               
               
                 3. Other Commercially Available, Nonionic Surfactants 
               
               
                 Nonylphenol (5 EO) 
                   
                 6.8 
               
               
                 Nonlyphenol (10 EO) 
                   
                 11.0 
               
               
                 Nonylphenol (12 EO) 
                   
                 12.2 
               
               
                 Nonylphenol (15 EO) 
                   
                 13.5 
               
               
                 Nonylphenol (18 EO) 
                   
                 19.5 
               
               
                 3. Other Currently Non-Commercially Available, Nonionic Surfactants 
               
               
                 a. nonionic surfactant formed from a-diol condensation products; 
               
               
                 b. polyhydroxyl nonionic compounds; 
               
               
                 c. nonionic surfactant formed by the reaction of an ethoxylated Schiff base 
               
               
                 with a methyl alkyl ketone; 
               
               
                 d. i-alkyl-polyethylene-polyamines reacted with maleric acid semiamide— 
               
               
                 nonionic compound with antibiocide properties; 
               
               
                 e. nonionic surfactant derived from polyethoxylated alcohols + vinyl-alkyl 
               
               
                 ethers; 
               
               
                 f. biodegradable glycidol surfactant (nonionic), e.g., alcohol + gylcidol 
               
               
                 (with catalyst) producing nonionic surfactant (biodegradable); 
               
               
                 g. multiblock polyacetal copolymer surfactants, e.g., poly-propylene oxide 
               
               
                 or poly-ethylene oxide + dialkyl ether; 
               
               
                 h. urea-ethoxamer nonionic inclusion compounds, e.g., 
               
               
                 urea + polyethoxylated long chain alcohols; 
               
               
                 i. nonionic phosphate alcohol surfactants; 
               
               
                 j. polyglycol ethers + polyglycol 6000 + epichlorohydrine derived nonionic 
               
               
                 surfactants; 
               
               
                 k. nonionic fluorosurfactant; 
               
               
                 etc. 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0092]    The chemicals used in this disclosure, Malcera 1507AK, 508MM, and 517AIG are described above, and are the preferred chemicals for use in the process, though other chemicals can be used as described in the section below entitled Preferred Chemicals and Alternative Chemicals. 1) Malcera 508MM is described in US patent application: Pub. No.: 2006/0035793 A1 and P.C.T. International Publication Number WO 2006/012622 A2. 2) Malcera 1507AK is preferably a blend of citric acid, Biosoft101, butyl cellosolve (EB), C-4100, Pine Oil, Versa TL-4, Merpol SE, Zonyl FSN, Makon 4, Makon 6, Makon 8, and Biosoft N-411. Malcera is also described in PCT Patent International Publication Number WO2010/039844A2. 3) 517AIG is preferably a blend 508MM, diesel or any liquid petroleum hydrocarbon, DoDecylBenzeneSulfonic Acid, and 1507AK. 
         [0093]    All measurements disclosed herein are at standard temperature and pressure, at sea level on Earth, unless indicated otherwise. 
         [0094]    The foregoing embodiments are presented by way of example only; the scope of the present invention is to be limited only by the following claims.