Abstract:
A method of finding a Chinese character in an electronic dictionary. The method includes sorting the characters in the dictionary into three groups according to stroke type: horizontal, vertical and slant, identifying which group a character belongs to based on the first writing stroke of the character, locating an original root of the Chinese character from the identified group based on a first three writing strokes of the Chinese character and finding the Chinese character in the dictionary based on the first three writing strokes of the Chinese character that immediately follow the strokes of the located original root.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO COPENDING PATENT APPLICATIONS 
     U.S. Ser. No. 09/340,174 which is now U.S. Pat. No. 6,219,448 is on Apr. 17, 2001 entitled Three-Stroke Chinese Dictionary, Patent Application, filed in the name of the same inventors. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     This invention relates to a method for finding characters in the Chinese dictionary, using electronic devices such as computer program. 
     2. Discussion of Related Art 
     The ROOT-TABLE is a list of simple, basic characters according to the number of strokes. It is the equivalent to the table of contents in a book. 
     To find a character in a Chinese dictionary in the traditional way: 
     1) Ascertain its traditional root (as the starting point) for the character to be searched. 
     2) Count the total strokes in the “ROOT”, that is in the traditional root. 
     3) Go the ROOT-TABLE and look for the root in a group of roots that have the same number of strokes. 
     4) Go to page indicated by the root. 
     5) Count the number of strokes in the character body (strokes after the root). 
     6) Look for the character in the group of characters having the same number of strokes. This is where the character is located. 
     However, ascertaining the traditional root is the most difficult aspect when finding a character in the traditional way. Some characters have many roots, and can be anywhere, but there is only one dedicated root per character. Some characters have roots that are not recognizable and some roots have dual forms, such as: 
     Character  has 4 roots with dedicated root (DRT)  which is deep inside the character body,  has 3 roots with DRT has 3 roots with DR has 2 roots with DRT  with root unrecognizable:  are dual form;  is the basic DRT. 
     The above examples illustrate the problem faced by traditional Chinese dictionary users. Because of this problem, Chinese scholars and educators introduced new methods for looking characters in early 1900, such as the FOUR CORNER and Phonetic Methods. The FOUR CORNER method uses a numerical number (0-9) to represent stroke type at each of the Four Comers. The Phonetic Method uses phonetic symbols instead of strokes. These methods have their shortcomings. Although the FOUR CORNER METHOD provides its users with 10 rules to interpret the type of strokes, the rules themselves need interpretations. The Phonetic symbols are not used in daily writing so they can be forgotten easily. These two systems have been used as supplements to the traditional ROOT-TABLE by some dictionaries currently in use. 
     The search for an easy way to find characters in a Chinese dictionary continues. Since November 1999, two articles in Sing Pao, a New York City Chinese newspaper, reported an over 70 years old Chinese, in south China, who spent more than 10 years cutting up characters in seven Chinese dictionaries and rearranged characters into 7 groups and strokes into 6 groups. So that characters can be found without knowing their traditional roots. He sent his discoveries to two universities in the City of CANTON for evaluation, and their comments were apparently favorable. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/340,174 (the 174 patent application) which is now U.S. Pat. No. 6,219,448 issued on Apr. 17, 2001 reveals the use of all traditional roots listed in the traditional ROOT-TABLE and the use of the writing root, which is the first root used in traditional Chinese hand writing. The present invention, however, does not make such a distinction; both the traditional root and the writing root will hereafter be referred to as a “ROOT”. 
     Therefore, the strokes in these traditional Roots:      re not the starting strokes in handwriting and will no longer be listed in Root-tables for this invention. Users have to have a copy of patent application Ser. No. 09/340,174 which is now U.S. Pat. No. 6,219,448 issued on Apr. 17, 2001 in printed form before they can find characters they need. In contrast, the present invention envisions use the invention in the form of a computer program loaded in Windows 95 or Windows NT or accessed from a installation of the software code on a global computer network such as the Internet. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING 
     FIG. 1 is a &lt;-&gt; Root-table. 
     FIG. 2 is a &lt;|&gt; Root-table. 
     FIG. 3 is a &lt;/&gt; Root-table. 
     FIG. 4 is a Three-Stroke Typing Flow Chart. 
     FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of a detail description of Example 1. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention categorizes or divides the characters in the Chinese dictionary into three Groups with modifications: &lt;-&gt;, &lt;|&gt;, and &lt;/&gt; groups. Each group has its own associated Root-table. The &lt;-&gt; Root-table lists all Roots that begin with horizontal strokes (-) as presented in FIG.  1 . The &lt;|&gt; Root-table lists all Roots that begin with vertical strokes (1) as presented in FIG.  2 . The &lt;/&gt;| Root-table list all Roots that begin with slant strokes (/) as presented in FIG.  3 . This enables its users to locate the character more easily. 
     FIG. 4 shows a flow chart of the three strokes dictionary. The first three writing strokes; in most characters, can reveal its form during writing. This invention uses the first three (1-3) writing strokes in the “ROOT” and the next three (1-3) strokes that immediately follow the “ROOT”. Characters whose starting strokes are not in the form of the “ROOT” are classified as a NON-ROOT or &lt;XX&gt; characters (they are equivalent to “HARD TO FIND CHARACTERS” in the traditional dictionary). To find these characters, use the beginning strokes and the &lt;XX&gt; Table instead of using “ROOT”. 
     The three (1-3) strokes immediately following the ROOT can be other ROOT or individual strokes. Regardless of what they are, it is a combination of the strokes from the Chinese alphabet below: 
     
       
         
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 &lt;&gt;:        
               
               
                   
                 &lt;| &gt;: |      
               
               
                   
                 &lt;/ &gt;: / \            
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     The number of characters listed under a given ROOT (traditional root) varies. The characters formed with ROOT (HAND) are over 200 in a dictionary of 4500 characters. While ROOT (BONE) has 8 characters (below). Those ROOTS with a small population (under 10 characters) will not be listed according to actual strokes. Instead, the strokes -*, |*, /* are used. This indicates that the character following -* starts with - stroke, etc, see example that follows. Those ROOTS with large populations and the strokes after the ROOT have different forms. The strokes -|*, -* ,/|* are used instead of listing them according to their actual strokes. In short, an asterisk * after a given stroke group (-|/) indicates that starting strokes and the sequence are the same, but not all of them are in their actual form. 
     Example: Characters listed under ROOT (BONE ): 
     a) 4strokes  5 stroke  6 strokes  11 strokes  13 strokes . This is the traditional way of listing, by number of strokes, with the smallest one listed first. 
     b) -*, |*, /*. This is the present inventive way of listing by -|/ sequence. 
     Although actual strokes are not used, desired characters can be found easily, because characters in this dictionary are listed according the stroke sequence (-|/). A detail listing is not always necessary, unless its population is very large. 
     The first three (1-3) writing strokes used by this invention 
     Based on the first (1-3) strokes in the “ROOT”, find the “SECTION” for the character and its traditional Root (ROOT) as well as the page number in the dictionary; based on the (1-3) strokes immediately following the “ROOT”, find the location where the character is located. To find a character, the user has to: 
     1) Find the Root-table icon with the same starting stroke as the character&#39;s starting stroke. 
     2) From the left column on the Root-Table, Look for strokes (1-3) as the character&#39;s starting writing strokes 
     3) Look ac ross the page for the “ROOT”, the original traditional root for the character as well as the page number and its location (indicated by L x, y from top and from left to right). An original traditional root is a root listed in a Chinese traditional dictionary ROOT-TABLE and is designated as THE ROOT for the character in question. 
     4) Go to that page, and look (from the left) for three (1-3) writing strokes that correspond to the strokes immediately following the “ROOT”, the WRITING ROOT. 
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
               
                 3-STROKES TABLE 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                   
                 Strokes 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 immediately 
               
               
                   
                   
                 follow ROOT 
                 # of Strokes 
               
               
                   
                 # of Strokes from 
                 (Not listed if 
                 from 
               
               
                   
                 Root 
                 in ROOT form) 
                 Variable 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 FOR &lt;&gt; Group 
               
             
          
           
               
                 &lt;&gt; “ROOT” 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 2 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 2 
                  | 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 3 
                  |  
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 2 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 3 
                  |  
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 3 
                  | / 
                   
                 3 
                  | / * 
               
               
                   
                 1 
                  / 
                   
                 2 
                  / * 
               
               
                   
                 3 
                  / 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 FOR &lt;|&gt; Group 
               
             
          
           
               
                 &lt;|&gt; “ROOT” 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 3 
                 |   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 2 
                 |  
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 3 
                 |   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 2 
                 |  
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 2 
                 |  
                   
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 FOR &lt;/ &gt; Group 
               
             
          
           
               
                 &lt;/&gt; 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 2 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 3 
                   / 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 2 
                 /  
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 3 
                 /   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 * 
                 2 
                 / | 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 2 
                 / \ 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 2 
                 / / * 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 3 
                    * 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 x 
                 / * \ 
                 3 or more / 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Practical Application Of, This Invention. 
     This invention uses the original concept developed by the &#39;174 patent application with modifications by deleting ROOTS whose first stroke are not used in handwriting. 
     To find a character: 
     1) Click the icon with the same type of stroke as the first stroke in the character. The ROOT-TABLE pops-up. 
     2) Scroll the cursor down through the ROOT-TABLE to where three (1-3) strokes correspond to the first three strokes of the “ROOT”. 
     3) Search across the ROOT-TABLE until the ROOT for the character is found (the page number with and its location L (x, y) for this Root is listed here). 
     4) Click the ROOT and then the page pops-up. 
     5) Scroll the cursor down through the page to where strokes (1-3) correspond to the first strokes (1-3) immediately following the WRITING ROOT until the character is found. FIG. 5 shows 
     Example 1: find .                           
     This character can be found in two ways. 
     1) A regular dictionary user knows that its root is . The handwriting rules state that for a character with symmetrical strokes on both sides, the center stroke  starts first. The &lt;|&gt; ROOT-TABLE is therefore clicked first and then scrolled down to find  and its associated page number. 
     2) An occasional user can find it without knowing its original root . 
     A) The strokes  that are normally written are used, which first stroke is . By definition, all uni-directional strokes,   are basic strokes /. 
     B) The &lt;/&gt;ROOT-TABLE clicked first and the scrolled down the page. The page here is the same page used by first user, because both roots are the same root. 
     C) The page is clicked to list all characters whose traditional root  pops-up. 
     D) Scrolling is effected until the strokes immediately following the “ROOT”, which is identified by 1, 2 and 3, are found. 
     E) Look across the page until the character is found. 
     F) If desired, the character may be down loaded by high-lighting it. 
     Example 2: Find .                           
     1) Its “ROOT”  need not be known. Its first stroke for this character  is -. The user clicks the &lt;-&gt; Root-table of FIG.  2 . 
     2) &lt;-&gt; Root-table pops-up. 
     3) Scroll down the Table until the same strokes as the “ROOT”( -|-  )and its page are found. 
     4) Click the page so that all listed characters with  pop-up. 
     5) Scroll the page until strokes (1=/, 2=|, 3=) immediately following the “ROOT” are found. 
     6) Look across the page until the character is found. 
     Example 3: Find .                           
     1) The starting stroke for is /. The user clicks the &lt;/&gt; Root-table. 
     2) &lt;/&gt; Root-Table of FIG. 3 pops-up. 
     3) Scroll down the Table until the same strokes (///) as in the “ROOT” and its page are found. 
     4) Click the page so that all listed characters with z, 34   pop-up. 
     5) Scroll the page until strokes (1=, 2=) immediately following the “ROOT” are found. 
     6) Look across the page until the character is found. 
     7) Although  is the traditional root, it is not used to find this character, 
     Example 4: Find                           
     1) This first stroke for  is |. 
     2) The user clicks the &lt;|&gt; Root-table of FIG.  2 . 
     3) &lt;|&gt; Root-Table pops-up. 
     4) Scroll down the Table until the same strokes ( as in the “ROOT” and its page are found. 
     5) Click the page so all listed characters with  pop-up. 
     6) Scroll the page until strokes (1=, -2=|, 3) immediately following the “ROOT” are found. 
     7) Look across the page until the character is found. 
     Example 5: Find  
     1) This character  whose “ROOT” is unrecognizable. 
     2) To find characters with unrecognizable root, The &lt;XX&gt; Table will be used. 
     3) The user clicks the &lt;XX &gt; Table. 
     4) The fist stroke in  is /. Look through the &lt;/&gt; section on the &lt;XX&gt; Table until  the character is found_ 
     While the foregoing description and drawings represent the preferred embodiments of the present invention, it will be understood that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.