Abstract:
A system for the treatment of residential wastewater which comprises a septic tank, a holding tank in fluid communication with the septic tank and a reactor containing a plurality of media on which the wastewater is sprayed, and cyclonic clarification means. The system is designed to treat the wastewater such that it does not need to be passed to a drainage field for final disposal.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to a method and system for the treatment of used or wastewater and more particularly, relates to a method and system for treatment of relatively small quantities of used water such as in a residence or other small application. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     For most residences in an urban environment, the treatment of used water is not a problem since the used or wastewater is forwarded directly to a sewage treatment plant through an appropriate collector system. However, in many rural environments, such options are not available and accordingly, it is incumbent on each residence to provide for a wastewater treatment system. 
     Typically, a residential wastewater treatment system will comprise a septic tank, usually having two compartments, following which the used water is fed to a drainage field wherein it is allowed to slowly percolate into the soil. 
     Problems arise when local geographic conditions prevent the use of typical drainage tiles. Thus, many residences are located in areas where it is impossible to dig, due to local geological formations, to provide for the drainage field. In such instances, other solutions have had to be adopted including the use of holding tanks and the like. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     It is an object of the present invention to provide a system suitable for treatment of domestic used water, and which system does not require a drainage field. 
     It is a further object of the present invention to provide for a method for the treatment of domestic used water, and which method does not require that the water be passed to a drainage field for final disposal. 
     According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a system for the treatment of wastewater comprising a septic tank, a holding tank in fluid communication with the septic tank, a reactor, the reactor containing a plurality of media, means to spray the wastewater on the media, and a cyclonic clarification means. 
     According to a further aspect to the present invention, there is provided a method for the treatment of residential wastewater comprising sending the wastewater to a septic tank, passing the wastewater from the septic tank to a holding tank, passing the wastewater from the holding tank to a reactor section, spraying the wastewater over a plurality of media in the reactor section, passing the wastewater from the media section to a cyclonic clarification, and disposing of the wastewater in a soil. 
     According to a still further aspect of the present invention, there is provided a member suitable for use as media in the treatment of wastewater, the member comprising a plurality of first and second V-shaped portions forming a plurality of parallel peaks and valleys, the first and second V-shaped portions terminating in first and second ends, the first V-shaped portions having an upper wall portion located at each of the ends, the second V-shaped portions having a lower wall section at each of the ends, the first and second V-shaped portions being located in a generally alternating configuration, one of the first and second V-shaped portions having a non-alternating configuration with a like V-shaped portion so as to be contiguous. 
     In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the media in the reactor section is formed of a plurality of members as set forth above. As it will be described in the preferred embodiments of the present invention, the members are designed to sit on top of one another in a spaced apart relationship when placed in a first position while, when reversed, the members will nest one into the other to provide for compact shipping of the same. 
     The present invention provides a substantial advantage over known systems in that it uses an indigenous bacteria population to treat the used water, and provides a media which is designed to support and indeed increase the bacteria population. The invention uses a minimum number of components and the only power needed is for pumping the wastewater from one location to another. The maintenance required is minimal and the system can be used both above and below ground. 
     The system may be provided in different capacities and thus, generally a first system may treat a residence of in between 1 and 3 bedrooms and which would normally have a capacity of treating up to approximately 1,600 liters per day. A second version for larger residences could treat up to double this amount—approximately up to 3,200 liters per day. 
     The system is designed to treat household waste and accordingly, one should avoid introducing other waste into the system such as any industrial waste or the like. The bacteria will degrade all biodegradable materials and accordingly, materials such as plastic and the like should not be introduced. However, normally such non biodegradable components are maintained in the septic tank which would be emptied on a regular scheduled basis as is the requirement in many communities. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Having thus generally described the invention, reference will be made to the accompanying drawings illustrating an embodiment thereof, in which: 
         FIG. 1  is a schematic view of an integrated sewage treatment system according the present invention; 
         FIG. 2  is a side elevational view, with portions removed, of a sewage treatment system, according to the present invention; 
         FIG. 3  is a top plan view of various sections thereof; 
         FIG. 4  is a perspective partial cutaway view of the reactor section of the overall system; 
         FIG. 5  is a perspective view of one of the media members; 
         FIG. 6  is a side elevational view thereof; 
         FIG. 7  is a top plan view thereof; 
         FIG. 8  is an end elevational view thereof; 
         FIG. 9  is a side elevational view of a plurality of the media members in a stacked relationship for use in a system; and 
         FIG. 10  is an end elevational view of the media members in a stacked storage position. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     Referring to the drawings in a greater detail and by reference characters thereto, there is illustrated in  FIG. 1  a novel treatment system suitable for a residence  10  which includes, as shown schematically in  FIG. 1  by steps, a collection arrangement  11 , a septic tank  12 , a holding tank  14 , and a final treatment station  16  which includes a reactor  18  having media therein, a cyclonic filtration section  20 , and an optional ultra violet treatment  22  followed by a discharge  23 . 
     Referring to  FIGS. 2 and 3 , it will be seen that septic tank  12 , in a conventional manner, includes a first chamber  26  and a second chamber  28  separated by a dividing wall  30 , but having a passage therebetween. The first chamber  26  has an inlet  32  to receive wastewater from the residence while mounted adjacent inlet  32  is a deflector  34 . In the second chamber  28 , there is provided an outlet  36  having a deflector  38  mounted proximate thereto to prevent passage of solid waste. 
     A conduit  42  extends between septic tank  12  and holding tank  14 . Holding tank  14  is designed to act as a buffer and also to retain wastewater therein for continual feed to the final treatment station  16 . To this end, there is provided a pump  48  located in the bottom of holding tank  14 . 
     In the final treatment station  16 , there is an inlet  52  designed to receive the wastewater from the holding tank  14 . In a first section of the final treatment station  16 , there is provided a plurality of media  54  which are mounted on a support  56  as will be discussed in greater detail hereinbelow. Situated below media  54  and support  56  is a pump  58  to spray the wastewater from a bottom portion to the top. Subsequently, the wastewater passes through outlet  60  to a second chamber generally designated by reference numeral  62 . 
     As may be seen in the drawings, there are provided at least two hydrocyclones. In this regard, a first hydrocyclone  65  is arranged in a conventional manner wherein the conical portion is situated at the lower extremity. The fluid is fed in through an upper feed inlet wherein a rotational motion is imparted thereto. The acute angle near the bottom causes bridging and plugging wherein the liquid will reverse and flow upwardly along with an air core. The solids will be discharged at the bottom. A second hydrocyclone  67  is arranged in a reverse direction with the conical end being situated upwardly to receive water from the first hydrocyclone  65  thereby permitting addition of air in the water. Optionally an H.V. unit  55  may be used. 
     As may be seen in  FIGS. 6 to 9 , a unique feature of the present invention is the specially designed media. Thus, each sheet of media comprises a central “corrugated” portion which is in the form of generally V-shaped portions designated by reference numeral  70 . Each V-shaped portion  70  extends substantially across the media and terminates in a staggered configuration. Thus, there are two different types of V-shaped portions  70  in an alternating arrangement. Thus, a first V-shaped configuration will terminate in a lower horizontal wall  72  which is at the level of the trough between the upwardly extending V-shaped portions. Adjacent to this, a neighbouring V-shaped portion terminates in an upper horizontal wall  74  which is slightly below the peak of the V-shaped portion. Lower horizontal wall portion  72  is provided with a lower wall recess  76  which forms a downwardly extending projection  77 , while upper wall  74  is provided with an upper wall recess  78  which also forms a projection  79 . Both lower horizontal wall  72  and upper horizontal wall  74  terminate at a downwardly extending side wall  80 . 
     In this arrangement, there is provided one centrally located V-shaped portion  84  which does not fit in the alternating pattern. This V-shaped portion  84  has a lower horizontal wall  72  but without any lower wall recesses. 
     This arrangement permits the media to be coupled together whereby the lower wall recesses  76  fit within one another to keep the first media layer spaced from a second media layer while maintaining a semi rigid structure. 
     However, for shipping purposes, one media layer may be reversed and in this arrangement, the upper wall recesses and projections  78  fit within each other. This arrangement provides for a compact storage position wherein one layer will lie substantially adjacent adjoining layers. Utilizing this arrangement provides for ease of shipping of the media minimizing the amount of space required. 
     A system configured as above was utilized in a residence and the results are as follows. 
     EXAMPLE 1 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Outflow 
                 Outflow 
               
               
                 Date 
                 Parameters 
                 Septic tank 
                 Ecobox 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Week 1 
                 BOD 5  C (mg/L) 
                 168 
                 &lt;6 
               
               
                   
                 SS (mg/L) 
                 30 
                 &lt;3 
               
               
                   
                 NH 4  (mg/L) 
                 38.9 
                 0.05 
               
               
                   
                 Fecal Coliforms (UFC/100 ml) 
                 TNC* 
                 250 
               
               
                 Week 3 
                 BOD 5  C (mg/L) 
                 150 
                 &lt;6 
               
               
                   
                 SS (mg/L) 
                 32.3 
                 &lt;3 
               
               
                   
                 NH 4  (mg/L) 
                 42.8 
                 0.06 
               
               
                   
                 Fecal Coliforms (UFC/100 ml) 
                 290 000 
                 213 
               
               
                 Week 5 
                 BOD 5  C (mg/L) 
                 222 
                 &lt;6 
               
               
                   
                 SS (mg/L) 
                 37.2 
                 &lt;3 
               
               
                   
                 NH 4  (mg/L) 
                 45 
                 0.05 
               
               
                   
                 Fecal Coliforms (UFC/100 ml) 
                 410 000 
                 620 
               
               
                 Week 6 
                 BOD 5  C (mg/L) 
                 156 
                 &lt;6 
               
               
                   
                 SS (mg/L) 
                 33.3 
                 &lt;3 
               
               
                   
                 NH 4  (mg/L) 
                 38.7 
                 0.04 
               
               
                   
                 Fecal Coliforms (UFC/100 ml) 
                 485 000 
                 220 
               
               
                 Week 7 
                 BOD 5  C (mg/L) 
                 194 
                 &lt;6 
               
               
                   
                 SS (mg/L) 
                 64.35 
                 &lt;3 
               
               
                   
                 NH 4  (mg/L) 
                 36.8 
                 &lt;0.03 
               
               
                   
                 Fecal Coliforms (UFC/100 ml) 
                 TNC* 
                 110 
               
               
                 Week 8 
                 BOD 5  C (mg/L) 
                 221 
                 &lt;6 
               
               
                   
                 SS (mg/L) 
                 48.1 
                 &lt;3 
               
               
                   
                 NH 4  (mg/L) 
                 46.6 
                 0.03 
               
               
                   
                 Fecal Coliforms (UFC/100 ml) 
                 306 000 
                 &lt;10 
               
               
                 Average 
                 BOD 5  C (mg/L) 
                 185 
                 &lt;6 
               
               
                   
                 SS (mg/L) 
                 40.9 
                 &lt;3 
               
               
                   
                 NH 4  (mg/L) 
                 41.5 
                 0.05 
               
               
                   
                 Fecal Coliforms 
                 372 750 
                 283 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     EXAMPLE 2 
     Again, a three bedroom residence having four people on a permanent basis was monitored. The daily flow averaged 824 liters per day while the maximum daily flow was 1,605 cubic meters per day. The total media comprised 154 sq. meters which consists of 36 blocks of 18 sheets stacked in two layers, one on top of each other. The wastewater was, after treatment, clean enough to be discharged. 
     It will be understood that the above described embodiment is for purposes of illustration only and changes and modifications may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.