Abstract:
An anchoring adhesive includes effective amounts of an isocyanurate compound and a vinyl ester compound that react and cure to form a composition having high compressive strength, high tensile strength and low shrinkage. The anchoring adhesive can be used to firmly bond anchor pins to boreholes in concrete, steel, wood, and other substrates.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention is directed to an anchoring adhesive composition used to maintain anchor pins in boreholes, which has excellent compressive strength and tensile strength, and minimal shrinkage during curing. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Anchoring adhesives are used to maintain anchor pins in boreholes that are upside down and vertical, or horizontal, or oriented at any angle. The anchoring adhesives and anchor pins are useful in industrial or commercial construction applications such as bridges, airports, highways, skyscrapers, stadiums and tunnels. In a typical application, a borehole is drilled into a substrate member formed of concrete, steel, wood, or a combination thereof, or another material. Then, the interior of the borehole is cleaned and scrubbed to remove dust and dirt particles. Then, the borehole is filled with a measured amount of anchoring adhesive. Then, a driving tool is used to drive an anchor pin into the borehole. 
     A typical anchor pin is elongated and made of steel. The anchor pin may be threaded or non-threaded and may have a flat or pointed end. The driving tool may be a hammer, or may be a power tool that employs hammering and/or rotational motion. 
     Some anchoring adhesives and methods of applying them are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,291,555, issued to Surjan et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 6,402,434, issued to Surjan et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 6,403,678, issued to Surjan et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 6,416,256, issued to Surjan et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 6,420,458, issued to Surjan et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 7,226,650, issued to Liu et al.; and U.S. Pat. No. 7,368,170, issued to Liu et al. These patents are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. 
     Additional anchoring adhesives and methods of applying them are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 7,411,010, issued to Kish et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 7,163,971, issued to Rancich et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 6,822,017, issued to Kish et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 6,228,207, issued to Rancich et al. and U.S. Pat. No. 5,965,635, issued to Rancich et al. These patents are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. 
     Due to the heavy duty nature of most anchor pin applications, it is important that the anchoring adhesive maintain a strong adhesive bond between the anchor pin and the borehole under a wide variety of conditions. Properties of anchoring adhesive that are considered important in end use applications include high compressive strength, high tensile strength, and low shrinkage during curing. There is a need or desire for anchoring adhesives that demonstrate improvements in these and other properties. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     This present invention is directed to an anchoring adhesive that exhibits high compressive strength, high tensile strength, and low thermal shrinkage, when used to bind an anchor pin to a borehole. The anchoring adhesive includes a first part A and a second part B in a weight ratio of about 1:4 to about 40:1. The first part A includes an isocyanurate compound and a vinyl ester compound. The second part B includes a free radical initiator. 
     The first part A and second part B are initially separate from each other and may be present in separate capsules inside an anchoring adhesive cartridge, slug or package. During use, the cartridge, slug or package of anchoring adhesive can be placed in a borehole or immediately above a borehole. When a tool is used to drive an anchor pin into the borehole, the driving force ruptures the capsules, if present, and causes the first part A and second part B to mix together and chemically react in the interstitial spaces between the anchor pin and the interior of the borehole. 
     Upon mixing of the first part A and the second part B, the isocyanurate compound reacts with the vinyl ester compound to create a polymer that is believed to include uniquely shaped crosslinks which both strengthen the polymer and resist elevated temperature creep. The chemical reaction advantageously occurs quickly, with minimal set time, at ambient temperature. The anchoring adhesive provides excellent adhesion between various substrate materials that can be used for the anchor pin and the borehole. 
     With the foregoing in mind, it is a feature and advantage of the invention to provide an anchoring adhesive that exhibits excellent strength properties and low shrinkage during curing. These and other features and advantages of the invention will become further apparent from the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The detailed description is considered to be merely illustrative rather than limiting, the scope of the invention being defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a perspective view of a dog-bone shaped test specimen used in the tensile testing of anchoring adhesive compositions described below. 
         FIG. 2  is a front view of the dog-bone shaped test specimen of  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 3  is a side view of the dog-bone shaped test specimen of  FIG. 1 . 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     The present invention is an anchoring adhesive including a first part A and a second part B. The first part A and second part B are present in weight ratios of about 1:4 to about 40:1, suitably about 1:3 to about 30:1, or about 1:2 to about 20:1, or about 1:1 to about 10:1. 
     The first part A includes and isocyanurate compound and a vinyl ester compound. The isocyanurate compound may be selected from compounds having the following chemical formula: 
     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
      
     
     Wherein each R and R′ is allyl, alkyl or aryl. 
     Suitably, the isocyanurate compound can be sleeted from isocyanurate acrylates, isocyanurate diacrylates, isocyanurate triacrylates, and combinations thereof. The isocyanurate compound can be a monomer or a polymer, and is suitably a monomer. One particularly suitable isocyanurate compound is tris(2-hydroxy ethyl)isocyanurate triacrylate. This isocyanurate compound is a monomer, and is available from Sartomer USA, LLC under the trade name SR368. The structure of isocyanurate, as exemplified by the following structure of tris(2-hydroxy ethyl)isocyanurate triacrylate, lends itself to forming unique crosslinks with vinyl ester that strengthen the polymer lattice and resist elevated temperature creep: 
     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
      
     
     The vinyl ester compound can be a monomer or a polymer, and is suitably a polymer. The vinyl ester compound can be selected from polymers having the following chemical formula:
 
R 4 —O           R 3 —O—Ar—R—Ar—O           n R 3 —O—R 4  

     wherein
         Ar is a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic radical with a valence of at least two,   R is independently a substituted or unsubstituted divalent radical derived from alkyl or arylalkyl,   R 3  is a hydroxy substituted divalent radical derived from an alkyl radical,   R 4  is independently a vinyl carboxy radical or a epoxy radical, provided that the ratio of n to the number of vinyl carboxy R 4  groups is, on average for the composition, from about 0.4 to about 2.0, and   n is from 1 to 5.       

     A particularly suitable vinyl ester compound is available from Reichhold Chemical Co. under the tradename Norpol Dion Ver 9165. This product contains 64.5% by weight of a vinyl ester having the following chemical formula, and 35.5% by weight vinyl toluene. 
     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
      
     
     where n is from 1 to about 5 and wherein the ratio of n to the terminal vinyl units is, on average for the composition, from about 0.4 to about 2.0. 
     The first part A may include about 1-30% by weight of the isocyanurate compound, suitably about 1-20% by weight, or about 2-10% by weight. The first part A may include about 3-50% by weight of the vinyl ester compound, suitably about 5-40% by weight, or about 8-30% by weight. As noted above, the first part A may also include an additional monomer. Suitable monomers include without limitation a vinyl monomer, an acrylate, diacrylate or triacrylate monomer, and combinations thereof. The additional monomer may constitute zero to about 40% by weight of the first part A, suitably about 1-30% by weight, or about 2-20% by weight. When present, the additional monomer may also participate in the chemical (crosslinking) reaction between the isocyanurate compound and the vinyl ester compound. 
     The first part A may also include about 20-70% by combined weight of one or more fillers, suitably about 30-70% by weight, or about 30-60% by weight. Suitable fillers include without limitation glass fibers, silicon dioxide (silica), titanium dioxide, quartz sand, other sands, and combinations thereof. The first part A may also include about 0.01-10% by combined weight of one or more thixotropic agents, suitably about 0.05-5% by weight, or about 0.1-4% by weight. Suitable thixotropic agents include without limitation formed silica, polycarboxylic acid amides, urea compounds, and combinations thereof. Thixotropic agents cause the anchoring adhesive to become more fluid (less viscous) as its components are mixed together. 
     The first part A may also include minor amounts of catalysts, chain extenders, flame retardants, fragrances and the like. While a catalyst may be included in the first part A, this catalyst is typically not a free radical initiator of the type that is typically included in the second part B. Exemplary catalysts and chain extenders useful in the first part A include without limitation diethylol-p-toluidine, n-dodecyl mercaptan, and the like. 
     The second part B may include about 5-80% by weight of a free radical initiator, suitably about 10-50% by weight, or about 15-40% by weight. Suitable free radical initiators include without limitation peroxide compounds, tertiary amine compounds, aldehyde amine compounds, organic sulfonyl chlorides, and combinations thereof. One suitable free radical initiator is available from Arkema Inc. under the trade name AFR40. This product is a mixture of 40% by weight dibenzoyl peroxide, 40% by weight dibutyl phthalate, and 20% by weight water. 
     The second part B may also include about 20-80% by weight of a thickening agent, suitably about 20-65% by weight, or about 20-50% by weight. Suitable thickening agents include without limitation monosilica, organic and inorganic clays, and other very fine, inert particulate materials. 
     The second part B may also include a liquid carrier in an amount of zero to about 50% by weight, suitably about 10-45% by weight or about 15-40% by weight. Suitable liquid carriers include water and organic solvents such as alcohols, ethers and ketones. Additionally, the second part B may include suitable amounts of pigments, fillers and the like. 
     The first part A and second part B may be present in separate first and second capsules and may be combined in a single cartridge, slug or package of anchoring adhesive. The first and second capsules can be formed of glass, plastic or a membrane material. One of the first and second capsules can be smaller than the other of the first and second capsules and contained within the other of the first and second capsules. Suitably, the first part A is contained within a first, larger capsule and the second part B is contained within a second, smaller capsule, and the second capsule is contained within the first capsule. 
     The cartridge, slug or package of anchoring adhesive may contain the first and second capsules and may have a narrow, elongated shape which fits easily into the borehole. When a tool is used to drive an anchor pin into the borehole, the first and second capsules rupture and the first and second parts A and B mix together, resulting in chemical reaction, crosslinking and adhesion between the anchor pin and the inner surfaces of the borehole. The anchoring adhesion of the invention forms a strong adhesive bond and exhibits high tensile and compressive strengths and minimal shrinkage. 
     EXAMPLES 
     Several experimental anchoring adhesives were formulated using the ingredients listed in Table 1. 
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Anchoring Adhesive Ingredients 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Trade Name 
                 Supplier 
                 Chemical Name 
                 Purpose 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 C2208 
                 ITW -Red Head 
                 70% Methyl Methacrylate/30% Polymethylmethacrylate 
                 Monomer/Resin 
               
               
                 SR350 
                 Sartomer 
                 TRIMETHYLOLPROPANE TRIMETHACRYLATE 
                 Monomer 
               
               
                 SR540 
                 Sartomer 
                 ETHOXYLATED (4) BISPHENOL A DIMETHACRYLATE 
                 Monomer 
               
               
                 SR368 
                 Sartomer 
                 TRIS (2-HYDROXY ETHYL) ISOCYANURATE 
                 Monomer 
               
               
                   
                   
                 TRIACRYLATE 
               
               
                 SR833S 
                 Sartomer 
                 TRICYCLODECANE DIMETHANOL DIACRYLATE 
                 Monomer 
               
               
                 PRO12128 
                 Sartomer 
                 30% SR368/70% SR833S (proprietary composition) 
                 Monomers 
               
               
                 DION 9165 
                 Reichhold 
                 64.5% DEGBPA Vinyl Ester/35.5% Vinyl Toluene 
                 Resin/Monomer 
               
               
                 Ethylene Glycol 
                 Various 
                 Ethylene Glycol 
                 Monomer 
               
               
                 Pulcra 5710 
                 Pulcra Chemical Company 
                 diethylol-p-toluidine 
                 Catalyst 
               
               
                 NDM 
                 Arkema 
                 n-DODECYL MERCAPTAN 
                 Chain Extender 
               
               
                 Fragrance 16332 
                 Atlanta Fragrance Company 
                 unknown 
                 Fragrance 
               
               
                 Aerosil R 202 
                 Evonik 
                 Hydrophobically modified fumed silica 
                 Thixotropic Agent 
               
               
                 Aerosil R974 
                 Evonik 
                 Hydrophillically modified fumed silica 
                 Thixotropic Agent 
               
               
                 BYK-R605 
                 BYK 
                 Solution of polyhydroxycarboxylic acid amides 
                 Thixotropic Agent 
               
               
                 BYK-E401 
                 BYK 
                 Solution of a modified urea 
                 Thixotropic Agent 
               
               
                 TS720 
                 Cabot Corp 
                 Hydrophobically modified fumed silica 
                 Thixotropic Agent 
               
               
                 Micral 9400 
                 J. M. Huber Corporation 
                 Aluminum trihydrate 
                 Flame Retardant 
               
               
                 Microglass M9132 
                 Fibertec, Inc. 
                 Milled glass fiber (15 μm diameter × ~150 μm Length) 
                 Reinforcing Filler 
               
               
                 Sand 100/140 
                 AGSCO 
                 Quartz Sand (100-140 mesh) 
                 Reinforcing Filler 
               
               
                 Silcosil 63 
                 US Silica 
                 Crystalline silica (&lt;63 μm) 
                 Reinforcing Filler 
               
               
                 TiPure R900 
                 DuPont 
                 Titanium Dioxide 
                 Pigment 
               
               
                 AFR 40 
                 Arkema 
                 40% Dibenzoyl Peroxide/40% Dibutyl Pthalate/20% Water 
                 Free Radical Initiator 
               
               
                 Tamsil 8 
                 TAM 
                 microsilica 
                 Thickening Agent 
               
               
                 Tixogel VZ 
                 Southern Clay Products 
                 organoclay 
                 Thickening Agent 
               
               
                 VC 80000 
                 American Colors, Inc 
                 Black Iron Oxide Paste 
                 Pigment 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     The foregoing ingredients were formulated into anchoring adhesive compositions, with control compositions A7 from Illinois Tool Works Inc. and HY-150 from HiltiAltengesellschaft, and experimental compositions A7+−1, A7+−2, A7+−3, . . . , through A7+−95. Physical properties of Compressive Strength, Tensile Strength, Tensile Modules and Shrinkage were measured for many of the anchoring adhesive compositions, using the test procedures described below. The following Table 2 describes the anchoring adhesive compositions and sets forth the test results. 
     As shown below, the anchoring adhesives formulated using the isocyanurate compound (represented by ingredient PRO 12128) in combination with the vinyl ester compound (represented by ingredient DION 9165) generally had higher compression strengths and higher tensile strengths than the anchoring adhesives that omitted one or both of these ingredients, and also exhibited excellent (low) shrinkage values. 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       TABLE 2               Anchoring Adhesive Compositions And Test Results                                    Controls   Crosslinker-Fiber   Catalysis                A7   HY-150   A7 + -1   A7 + -2   A7 + -3   A7 + -4   A7 + -5   A7 + -6   A7 + -7   A7 + -8                    Resin Side (Part A)            C2208   39.88%        36.26%    30.70%    33.25%    36.26%    30.70%    40.20%    39.88%    39.88%        SR350                                               SR540           4.53%   11.51%    8.31%   4.53%   11.51%                    PRO12128                                               SR833S                                               DION 9165                                               Ethylene Glycol                                               HET   0.50%       0.45%   0.38%   0.42%   0.45%   0.38%   0.10%   0.10%   0.90%       NDM   0.50%       0.45%   0.38%   0.42%   0.45%   0.38%   0.10%   0.90%   0.10%       F16332   0.30%       0.27%   0.23%   0.25%   0.27%   0.23%   0.30%   0.30%   0.30%       R202   3.99%       3.63%   3.07%   3.33%   3.63%   3.07%   4.02%   3.99%   3.99%       R974                                               BYK-605                                               BYK-E401                                               TS720                                               M9400   4.99%       4.53%   3.84%   4.16%   4.53%   3.84%   5.03%   4.98%   4.98%       Glass Fibers           12.47%    12.47%    31.17%    49.86%    49.88%                    Sand 100/140   49.85%        37.40%    37.41%    18.70%            50.25%    49.85%    49.85%        Silicosil 63                                               R900                                                    Activator Side (Part B)            AFR40   48.72       48.72   48.72   48.72   48.72   48.72   48.72   48.72   48.72       Tamsil 8                                               Tixogel VZ   1.98       1.98   1.98   1.98   1.98   1.98   1.98   1.98   1.98       Sand 100/140   48.95       48.95   48.95   48.95   48.95   48.95   48.95   48.95   48.95       VC 80000   0.36       0.36   0.36   0.36   0.36   0.36   0.36   0.36   0.36            Physical Properties            Compressive Strength, psi   1,643   9,400   6,494   10,000   9,411   6,386   10,815   5,073           Tensile Strength, psi   1,615   577   2,112   1,874   2,608   2,924   3,467   1,744           Tensile Modulus, ksi   1,025   187   1,036   984   1,197   1,501   1,511   803           Shrinkage                        Catalysis   Microsilica-Isocyanurate   Original   Sand/Microsilica/Glass Fiber DOE                A7 + -9   A7 + -10   A7 + -11   A7 + -12   A7 + -13   A7 + -14   A7 + -15   A7 + -16   A7 + -17   A7 + -18                    Resin Side (Part A)            C2208   39.56%    0.48%   0.54%   0.52%   39.88%    39.88%    39.88%    39.88%    39.88%    39.88%        SR350                                               SR540           13.60%    13.07%                                PRO12128           4.09%   7.86%                               SR833S                                               DION 9165                                               Ethylene Glycol                                               HET   0.89%   0.01%   0.01%   0.01%   0.50%   0.50%   0.50%   0.50%   0.50%   0.50%       NDM   0.89%   0.01%   0.01%   0.01%   0.50%   0.50%   0.50%   0.50%   0.50%   0.50%       F16332   0.30%   0.00%   0.00%   0.00%   0.30%   0.30%   0.30%   0.30%   0.30%   0.30%       R202   3.96%   0.05%   0.05%   0.05%   3.99%   3.99%   3.99%   3.99%   3.99%   3.99%       R974                                               BYK-605                                               BYK-E401                                               TS720                                               M9400   4.95%   0.06%   0.07%   0.07%   4.99%   4.99%   4.99%   4.99%   4.99%   4.99%       Glass Fibers       72.28%    51.02%    49.01%        24.93%        8.31%   24.93%            Sand 100/140   49.45%        30.61%    29.40%    49.85%        49.85%    8.31%       49.85%        Silicosil 63       27.11%                24.93%        33.23%    24.93%            R900                                                    Activator Side (Part B)            AFR40   48.72   48.72   48.72   48.72   49.5   48.72   48.72   48.72   48.72   48.72       Tamsil 8                   29.7                           Tixogel VZ   1.98   1.98   1.98   1.98   19.8   1.98   1.98   1.98   1.98   1.98       Sand 100/140   48.95   48.95   48.95   48.95       48.95   48.95   48.95   48.95   48.95       VC 80000   0.36   0.36   0.36   0.36   0.99   0.36   0.36   0.36   0.36   0.36            Physical Properties            Compressive Strength, psi   12,013   11,042   9,241   1,284   2,965   3,325   2,991   2,847   3,290       Tensile Strength, psi   2,805   2,690   2,515   1,367   1,359   2,025   1,495   837   2,202       Tensile Modulus, ksi   1,300   1,144   1,191   1,022   954   1,267   1,106   836   1,645       Shrinkage                        Sand/Microsilica/Glass Fiber DOE                A7 + -19   A7 + -20   A7 + -21   A7 + -22   A7 + -23   A7 + -24   A7 + -25   A7 + -26   A7 + -27   A7 + -28                    Resin Side (Part A)            C2208   39.88%    39.88%    39.88%    39.88%    39.88%    39.88%    39.88%    39.88%    39.88%    39.88%        SR350                                               SR540                                               PRO12128                                               SR833S                                               DION 9165                                               Ethylene Glycol                                               HET   0.50%   0.50%   0.50%   0.50%   0.50%   0.50%   0.50%   0.50%   0.50%   0.50%       NDM   0.50%   0.50%   0.50%   0.50%   0.50%   0.50%   0.50%   0.50%   0.50%   0.50%       F16332   0.30%   0.30%   0.30%   0.30%   0.30%   0.30%   0.30%   0.30%   0.30%   0.30%       R202   3.99%   3.99%   3.99%   3.99%   3.99%   3.99%   3.99%   3.99%   3.99%   3.99%       R974                                               BYK-605                                               BYK-E401                                               TS720                                               M9400   4.99%   4.99%   4.99%   4.99%   4.99%   4.99%   4.99%   4.99%   4.99%   4.99%       Glass Fibers       49.85%        8.31%   20.77%    33.23%    49.85%    16.62%        24.93%        Sand 100/140               33.23%    20.77%    8.31%       16.62%    24.93%    24.93%        Silicosil 63   49.85%        49.85%    8.31%   8.31%   8.31%       16.62%    24.93%            R900                                                    Activator Side (Part B)            AFR40   48.72   48.72   48.72   48.72   48.72   48.72   48.72   48.72   48.72   48.72       Tamsil 8                                               Tixogel VZ   1.98   1.98   1.98   1.98   1.98   1.98   1.98   1.98   1.98   1.98       Sand 100/140   48.95   48.95   48.95   48.95   48.95   48.95   48.95   48.95   48.95   48.95       VC 80000   0.36   0.36   0.36   0.36   0.36   0.36   0.36   0.36   0.36   0.36            Physical Properties            Compressive Strength, psi   2,967       2,438   3,226   2,888   2,622   1,903   3,253   2,848   3,006       Tensile Strength, psi   1,323   1,073   1,532   2,458   1,981   1,108   712   1,532   1,111   1,786       Tensile Modulus, ksi   1,100   1,010   1,039   1,346   1,116   1,021   937   1,114   1,231   1,010       Shrinkage                        Sand/Microsilica/Glass Fiber DOE   High Potential Monomer Screening                A7 + -29   A7 + -30   A7 + -31   A7 + -32   A7 + -33   A7 + -34   A7 + -35   A7 + -36   A7 + -37   A7 + -38                    Resin Side (Part A)            C2208   39.88%    39.88%    39.88%    39.88%                                SR350                   6.61%       10.17%        20.35%            SR540                   4.07%   10.17%    30.52%    10.17%                PRO12128                   4.07%           30.52%        20.35%        SR833S                   19.33%    30.52%            20.35%    20.35%        DION 9165                   6.61%                           Ethylene Glycol                                               HET   0.50%   0.50%   0.50%   0.50%   0.25%   0.25%   0.25%   0.25%   0.25%   0.25%       NDM   0.50%   0.50%   0.50%   0.50%   0.25%   0.25%   0.25%   0.25%   0.25%   0.25%       F16332   0.30%   0.30%   0.30%   0.30%   0.31%   0.31%   0.31%   0.31%   0.31%   0.31%       R202   3.99%   3.99%   3.99%   3.99%   2.34%   2.34%   2.34%   2.34%   2.34%   2.34%       R974                                               BYK-605                                               BYK-E401                                               TS720                                               M9400   4.99%   4.99%   4.99%   4.99%   5.09%   5.09%   5.09%   5.09%   5.09%   5.09%       Glass Fibers       9.97%   9.97%   9.97%   12.82%    12.82%    12.82%    12.82%    12.82%    12.82%        Sand 100/140   24.93%        4.99%   7.48%                               Silicosil 63   24.93%    39.88%    34.90%    32.40%    38.25%    38.25%    38.25%    38.25%    38.25%    38.25%        R900                                                    Activator Side (Part B)            AFR40   48.72   48.72   48.72   48.72   48.72   48.72   48.72   48.72   48.72   48.72       Tamsil 8                                               Tixogel VZ   1.98   1.98   1.98   1.98   1.98   1.98   1.98   1.98   1.98   1.98       Sand 100/140   48.95   48.95   48.95   48.95   48.95   48.95   48.95   48.95   48.95   48.95       VC 80000   0.36   0.36   0.36   0.36   0.36   0.36   0.36   0.36   0.36   0.36            Physical Properties            Compressive Strength, psi   3,159       13,617   12,838   10,567   9,812   12,303   11,051       Tensile Strength, psi   2,344       1,501   2,528   1,860   2,772   2,385   2,888       Tensile Modulus, ksi   1,270       1,171   1,153   1,167   1,074   1,251   954       Shrinkage           1.57%   1.82%   1.44%   1.34%   2.03%   1.40%                        High Potential Monomer Screening                A7 + -39   A7 + -40   A7 + -41   A7 + -42   A7 + -43   A7 + -44   A7 + -45   A7 + -46   A7 + -47   A7 + -48                    Resin Side (Part A)            C2208                                               SR350       4.07%       30.52%    20.35%            19.33%        4.07%       SR540   30.52%    19.33%        10.17%        30.52%    30.52%    6.61%   20.35%    4.07%       PRO12128       6.61%   20.35%            10.17%        4.07%       19.33%        SR833S   10.17%    4.07%                   10.17%    4.07%       6.61%       DION 9165       6.61%   20.35%        20.35%            6.61%   20.35%    6.61%       Ethylene Glycol                                               HET   0.25%   0.25%   0.25%   0.25%   0.25%   0.25%   0.25%   0.25%   0.25%   0.25%       NDM   0.25%   0.25%   0.25%   0.25%   0.25%   0.25%   0.25%   0.25%   0.25%   0.25%       F16332   0.31%   0.31%   0.31%   0.31%   0.31%   0.31%   0.31%   0.31%   0.31%   0.31%       R202   2.34%   2.34%   2.34%   2.34%   2.34%   2.34%   2.34%   2.34%   2.34%   2.34%       R974                                               BYK-605                                               BYK-E401                                               TS720                                               M9400   5.09%   5.09%   5.09%   5.09%   5.09%   5.09%   5.09%   5.09%   5.09%   5.09%       Glass Fibers   12.82%    12.82%    12.82%    12.82%    12.82%    12.82%    12.82%    12.82%    12.82%    12.82%        Sand 100/140                                               Silicosil 63   38.25%    38.25%    38.25%    38.25%    38.25%    38.25%    38.25%    38.25%    38.25%    38.25%        R900                                                    Activator Side (Part B)            AFR40   48.72   48.72   48.72   48.72   48.72   48.72   48.72   48.72   48.72   48.72       Tamsil 8                                               Tixogel VZ   1.98   1.98   1.98   1.98   1.98   1.98   1.98   1.98   1.98   1.98       Sand 100/140   48.95   48.95   48.95   48.95   48.95   48.95   48.95   48.95   48.95   48.95       VC 80000   0.36   0.36   0.36   0.36   0.36   0.36   0.36   0.36   0.36   0.36            Physical Properties            Compressive Strength, psi   10,352   11,735   10,469   9,773   13,881   12,235   10,530   12,643   11,751   11,719       Tensile Strength, psi   1,662   2,375   2,241   1,592   2,438   2,270   2,237   1,900   2,512   2,192       Tensile Modulus, ksi   800   848   1,204   1,102   1,147   886   780   991   891   1,102       Shrinkage   1.46%   1.15%   1.10%   2.30%   1.55%   1.60%   1.23%   1.44%   1.28%   1.51%                            Filler           High Potential Monomer Screening   Loading                A7 + -49   A7 + -50   A7 + -51   A7 + -52   A7 + -53   A7 + -54   A7 + -55   A7 + -56   A7 + -57   A7 + -58                    Resin Side (Part A)            C2208                                               SR350   10.17%    10.17%    20.35%    6.61%               10.17%    10.17%            SR540   30.52%    10.17%        6.61%       23.83%    15.26%        30.52%            PRO12128       10.17%    20.35%    4.07%           25.43%            10.16%        SR833S       10.17%        4.07%   20.35%    16.86%                        DION 9165               19.33%    20.35%            30.52%        30.49%        Ethylene Glycol                                               HET   0.25%   0.25%   0.25%   0.25%   0.25%   0.25%   0.25%   0.25%   0.25%   0.51%       NDM   0.25%   0.25%   0.25%   0.25%   0.25%   0.25%   0.25%   0.25%   0.25%   0.51%       F16332   0.31%   0.31%   0.31%   0.31%   0.31%   0.31%   0.31%   0.31%   0.31%   0.30%       R202   2.34%   2.34%   2.34%   2.34%   2.34%   2.34%   2.34%   2.34%   2.34%   2.44%       R974                                               BYK-605                                               BYK-E401                                               TS720                                               M9400   5.09%   5.09%   5.09%   5.09%   5.09%   5.09%   5.09%   5.09%   5.09%   5.08%       Glass Fibers   12.82%    12.82%    12.82%    12.82%    12.82%    12.82%    12.82%    12.82%    12.82%    10.10%        Sand 100/140                                               Silicosil 63   38.25%    38.25%    38.25%    38.25%    38.25%    38.25%    38.25%    38.25%    38.25%    40.41%        R900                                                    Activator Side (Part B)            AFR40   48.72   48.72   48.72   48.72   48.72   48.72   48.72   48.72   48.72   48.72       Tamsil 8                                               Tixogel VZ   1.98   1.98   1.98   1.98   1.98   1.98   1.98   1.98   1.98   1.98       Sand 100/140   48.95   48.95   48.95   48.95   48.95   48.95   48.95   48.95   48.95   48.95       VC 80000   0.36   0.36   0.36   0.36   0.36   0.36   0.36   0.36   0.36   0.36            Physical Properties            Compressive Strength, psi   10,251   12,343   13,137   12,516   13,698   11,655   10,095   14,668   12,084   11,657       Tensile Strength, psi   1,896   2,449   2,160   2,244   3,033   2,471   2,717   2,738   1,814   2,828       Tensile Modulus, ksi   771   776   1,198   1,214   1,117   824   851   874   727   971       Shrinkage   1.51%   1.57%   0.00%   1.17%   1.51%   1.45%   1.37%   1.48%   1.57%   1.69%                        Filler Loading   % Filler/% Monomer/% Glass DOE                A7 + -59   A7 + -60   A7 + -61   A7 + -62   A7 + -63   A7 + -64   A7 + -65   A7 + -67   A7 + -68   A7 + -69                    Resin Side (Part A)            C2208                                               SR350                                               SR540                                               PRO12128   8.86%   6.73%   6.47%   8.26%   3.73%   7.10%   3.32%   4.10%   4.10%   10.20%       SR833S                                               DION 9165   26.59%    20.18%    30.61%    24.70%    33.34%    33.60%    29.64%    36.60%    36.60%    30.50%        Ethylene Glycol                                               HET   0.44%   0.34%   0.46%   0.40%   0.46%   0.50%   0.40%   0.50%   0.50%   0.50%       NDM   0.44%   0.34%   0.46%   0.40%   0.46%   0.50%   0.40%   0.50%   0.50%   0.50%       F16332   0.27%   0.20%   0.27%   0.24%   0.27%   0.30%   0.24%   0.30%   0.30%   0.30%       R202   2.13%   1.61%   2.19%   1.94%   2.19%   2.40%   1.94%   2.40%   2.40%   2.40%       R974                                               BYK-605                                               BYK-E401                                               TS720                                               M9400   4.43%   3.36%   4.55%   4.05%   4.55%   5.00%   4.05%   5.00%   5.00%   5.00%       Glass Fibers   11.37%    13.45%    5.43%                   5.10%   10.10%            Sand 100/140                                               Silicosil 63   45.47%    53.80%    49.57%    60.00%    55.00%    50.60%    60.00%    45.50%    40.50%    50.60%        R900                                                    Activator Side (Part B)            AFR40   48.72   48.72   48.72   48.72   48.72   48.72   48.72   48.72   48.72   48.72       Tamsil 8                                               Tixogel VZ   1.98   1.98   1.98   1.98   1.98   1.98   1.98   1.98   1.98   1.98       Sand 100/140   48.95   48.95   48.95   48.95   48.95   48.95   48.95   48.95   48.95   48.95       VC 80000   0.36   0.36   0.36   0.36   0.36   0.36   0.36   0.36   0.36   0.36            Physical Properties            Compressive Strength, psi   14,059   9,584   14,670   13,598   14,670   9,562   11,657   14,670   10,908   14,670       Tensile Strength, psi   2,495   2,323   2,498   1,777   2,117   1,893   2,828   2,672   2,505   2,455       Tensile Modulus, ksi   1,228   1,484                                       Shrinkage   1.37%   1.26%   1.57%   1.36%   1.43%   1.30%   1.34%   1.43%   1.34%   1.59%                        % Filler/% Monomer/% Glass DOE   Optimization   Color and Pumpability Match                A7 + -70   A7 + -71   A7 + -72   A7 + -73   A7 + -74   A7 + -75   A7 + -76   A7 + -77   A7 + -78   A7 + -79                    Resin Side (Part A)            C2208                                               SR350                                               SR540                                               PRO12128   3.32%   4.10%   8.26%   3.32%   8.26%   8.26%   4.76%   4.80%   4.69%   4.58%       SR833S                                               DION 9165   29.64%    36.60%    24.70%    29.64%    24.70%    24.70%    33.22%    33.49%    32.70%    31.95%        Ethylene Glycol                                   1.97%   3.85%       HET   0.40%   0.50%   0.40%   0.40%   0.40%   0.40%   0.47%                   NDM   0.40%   0.50%   0.40%   0.40%   0.40%   0.40%   0.47%   0.47%   0.46%   0.45%       F16332   0.24%   0.30%   0.24%   0.24%   0.24%   0.24%   0.28%   0.47%   0.46%   0.45%       R202   1.94%   2.40%   1.94%   1.94%   1.94%   1.94%   2.00%   0.28%   0.28%   0.27%       R974                               1.21%   1.57%   1.92%       BYK-605                               4.71%   4.60%   4.49%       BYK-E401                                               TS720                                               M9400   4.05%   5.00%   4.05%   4.05%   4.05%   4.05%   4.67%                   Glass Fibers   11.98%        11.98%    11.98%    11.98%        5.35%   5.39%   5.27%   5.14%       Sand 100/140                                               Silicosil 63   48.02%    50.60%    48.02%    48.02%    48.02%    60.00%    48.77%    49.17%    48.01%    46.90%        R900                                                    Activator Side (Part B)            AFR40   48.72   48.72   48.72   48.72   48.72   48.72   48.72   48.72   48.72   48.72       Tamsil 8                                               Tixogel VZ   1.98   1.98   1.98   1.98   1.98   1.98   1.98   1.98   1.98   1.98       Sand 100/140   48.95   48.95   48.95   48.95   48.95   48.95   48.95   48.95   48.95   48.95       VC 80000   0.36   0.36   0.36   0.36   0.36   0.36   0.36   0.36   0.36   0.36            Physical Properties            Compressive Strength, psi   14,670   13,549   11,946   14,670   12,519   14,090               Tensile Strength, psi   2,502   1,978   2,031   2,496   2,401   2,047               Tensile Modulus, ksi                                       Shrinkage   1.29%   1.36%   1.06%   1.11%   1.24%   1.30%   1.36%                                    BYK E401           Color and Pumpability Match   R974/BYK605 5-Point Study   Ladder                A7 + -80   A7 + -81   A7 + -82   A7 + -83   A7 + -84   A7 + -85   A7 + -86   A7 + -87   A7 + -88   A7 + -89                    Resin Side (Part A)            C2208                                               SR350                                               SR540                                               PRO12128   4.61%   4.77%   4.77%   4.75%   4.75%   4.75%   4.75%   4.75%   4.75%   4.75%       SR833S                                               DION 9165   32.19%    33.26%    33.29%    33.19%    33.19%    33.19%    33.19%    33.19%    33.19%    33.19%        Ethylene Glycol   3.88%                                           HET               0.47%   0.47%   0.47%   0.47%   0.47%   0.47%   0.47%       NDM   0.46%   0.47%   0.47%   0.47%   0.47%   0.47%   0.47%   0.47%   0.47%   0.47%       F16332   0.46%   0.47%   0.47%   0.29%   0.29%   0.29%   0.29%   0.29%   0.29%   0.29%       R202   0.27%   0.28%   0.28%   1.86%                               R974   1.16%   1.60%   1.60%       1.00%   1.00%   2.00%   3.00%   3.00%           BYK-605   4.53%   4.68%   4.68%       0.20%   0.50%   0.70%   0.60%   1.50%           BYK-E401                                       0.10%       TS720                                               M9400               4.67%   4.67%   4.67%   4.67%   4.67%   4.67%   4.67%       Glass Fibers   5.18%   5.36%   5.36%   5.35%   5.35%   5.35%   5.35%   5.35%   5.35%   5.35%       Sand 100/140                                               Silicosil 63   47.26%    48.83%    48.87%    48.74%    48.74%    48.74%    48.74%    48.74%    48.74%    48.74%        R900       0.29%   0.21%   0.21%   0.21%   0.21%   0.21%   0.21%   0.21%   0.21%            Activator Side (Part B)            AFR40   48.72   48.72   48.72   48.72   48.72   48.72   48.72   48.72   48.72   48.72       Tamsil 8                                               Tixogel VZ   1.98   1.98   1.98   1.98   1.98   1.98   1.98   1.98   1.98   1.98       Sand 100/140   48.95   48.95   48.95   48.95   48.95   48.95   48.95   48.95   48.95   48.95       VC 80000   0.36   0.36   0.36   0.36   0.36   0.36   0.36   0.36   0.36   0.36            Physical Properties       Compressive Strength, psi       Tensile Strength, psi       Tensile Modulus, ksi       Shrinkage                        BYK E401 Ladder       TS720 Ladder   Final                A7 + -90   A7 + -91   A7 + -92   A7 + -93   A7 + -94   A7 + -95                    Resin Side (Part A)                C2208                                   SR350                                   SR540                                   PRO12128   4.75%   4.75%   4.75%   4.75%   4.75%   4.75%           SR833S                                   DION 9165   33.19%   33.19%   33.19%   33.19%   33.19%   33.15%           Ethylene Glycol                                   HET   0.47%   0.47%   0.47%   0.47%   0.47%   0.47%           NDM   0.47%   0.47%   0.47%   0.47%   0.47%   0.47%           F16332   0.29%   0.29%   0.29%   0.29%   0.29%   0.28%           R202                                   R974                       1.09%           BYK-605                       0.20%           BYK-E401   0.50%   1.00%                           TS720           1.00%   2.00%   3.00%               M9400   4.67%   4.67%   4.67%   4.67%   4.67%   4.95%           Glass Fibers   5.35%   5.35%   5.35%   5.35%   5.35%   4.95%           Sand 100/140                                   Silicosil 63   48.74%    48.74%    48.74%    48.74%    48.74%    49.48%            R900   0.21%   0.21%   0.21%   0.21%   0.21%   0.21%            Activator Side (Part B)                AFR40   48.72   48.72   48.72   48.72   48.72   48.72           Tamsil 8                                   Tixogel VZ   1.98   1.98   1.98   1.98   1.98   1.98           Sand 100/140   48.95   48.95   48.95   48.95   48.95   48.95           VC 80000   0.36   0.36   0.36   0.36   0.36   0.36            Physical Properties                Compressive Strength, psi           Tensile Strength, psi           Tensile Modulus, ksi           Shrinkage                    
Test Procedures Used for Examples
 
Compression Testing
 
     Anchoring adhesive ingredients were mixed and molded into cylindrical samples having a 1.25 inch diameter and 1-inch length, to approximately simulate the size and shape of anchoring adhesive typically formed in a borehole. The samples were cured for at least 24 hours at ambient conditions, and were placed in a universal flat plate testing machine. The samples were compressed at a rate of 0.1 inch per minute while the force and deflection were measured until the sample failed or the deflection reached 0.4 inch. The maximum compressive force was recorded. 
     Tensile Testing 
     Dog-bone shaped samples were molded according to the shape illustrated in  FIGS. 1-3 , and were cured at ambient conditions for at least 24 hours. The dimensions A-K indicated in the drawings were as follows: 
     
       
         
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 A 
                 0.25 in. 
               
               
                 B 
                 0.35 in. 
               
               
                 C 
                 0.25 in. 
               
               
                 D 
                 184.6° 
               
               
                 E 
                 1.00 in. 
               
               
                 F 
                 1.25 in. 
               
               
                 G 
                 2.00 in. 
               
               
                 H 
                 1.25 in. 
               
               
                 I 
                 1.00 in. 
               
               
                 J 
                 0.25 in. 
               
               
                 K 
                 7.00 in. 
               
               
                 L 
                 0.25 in. 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     The test samples were placed in the groups of a large Instron 5586 tensile tester with a 2000-lb load cell adapter and pulled at a speed of 0.2 in. per minute. The force and deflection were measured until the sample failed. The maximum tensile force was recorded. 
     Shrinkage Testing 
     The same molded samples used for compression testing were used to measure shrinkage. After the sampled were cured for 24 hours, the diameters of their bases were measured and compared to the mold diameter. The shrinkage was calculated according to the equation: 
     
       
         
           
             Shrinkage 
             = 
             
               
                 ( 
                 
                   1 
                   - 
                   
                     
                       sample 
                       ⁢ 
                       
                           
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       diameter 
                     
                     
                       mold 
                       ⁢ 
                       
                           
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       diameter 
                     
                   
                 
                 ) 
               
               × 
               100 
               ⁢ 
               % 
             
           
         
       
     
     While the embodiments of the invention described herein are presently preferred, various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims, and all changes that fall within the meaning and range of equivalents are intended to be embraced therein.