Abstract:
An automated filler production method includes obtaining gap measurement data by measuring a gap between component parts of a structure, delivering the gap measurement data to a data collector function, monitoring incoming filler requirements, updating solid model definitions of the filler, creating portable Machine Control Data (MCD) using the gap measurement data in the form of the updated solid model, delivering the MCD to a filler machining center and machining a filler from a filler substrate using the MCD, while providing status updates as the data progresses through the filler machining process.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application claims the benefit of Provisional U.S. Patent Application No. 61/412,522 filed Nov. 11, 2010, which is incorporated by reference herein. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The disclosure generally relates to producing the shimming process where fillers are applied to assembly process of filling gaps in mechanical structures. There are two object classifications for filling gaps in structure, shims which are made from peelable laminated materials and fillers which are precisely machined form solid monolithic materials. More particularly, the disclosure relates to an automated process of defining, producing and tracking the status of custom fillers produced on demand for immediate installation on an inline flow production line when the full design definition of a structure resides in a CAD/CAM system. 
     BACKGROUND 
     In the fabrication of mechanical structures such as aircraft, it may be necessary to introduce fillers between interfacing surfaces of the component parts to assure proper and safe structure. Fillers (also known as shims) are pieces of metallic or non-metallic materials which are placed in gaps between the component parts to compensate for dimensional variations or tolerance buildup between the parts. In the aircraft industry, fillers may be used in fitting and joining major structural sections to one another and throughout substructures as they are built-up into a full aircraft structure. The use of fillers may compensate for dimensional variation between parts or bring parts into proper alignment. 
     A conventional method of defining and producing custom fillers may include measuring gaps between parts using feeler gauges, capacitive gap measuring instrumentation or computer/laser based scanning measurement systems. The gap measurement data may be documented and delivered via entry into a series of software capabilities which process the gap measurements, updated digital definitions of the fillers and generates portable Machine Control Data (MCD). The MCD is downloaded to a central server which delivers the MCD to a Computer Numerical Control (CNC) controlled machine tool. The CNC machine tool machines the filler using cutting tool configurations which are specific to the filler and its material being manufactured. Following the machining of the filler on its surface and profile, it is de-burred and the filler marked with its identification to facilitate its installation in the structure. 
     In previous applications, the conventional filler definition and elements of the production process may be paper-based. In some production schemes, however, the full design definition of the structure which is being fabricated may be digitally defined and electronically stored and processed in a CAD/CAM system such as CATIA V5 and Enovia. For large-scale production of aircraft, the design definition of an aircraft may be defined by engineers from many companies which design various sections of the aircraft. That digital definition establishes and maintains the full definition of all components in their spatial relationship—in aircraft coordinates. The fabricated aircraft sections undergo final assembly at an aircraft assembly plant. 
     In current aircraft production schemes, an automated process of defining, producing and tracking the status of custom fillers on demand for immediate installation on an inline flow production line when the full design definition of a structure resides in a CAD/CAM system is required. 
     SUMMARY 
     The disclosure is generally directed to an automated filler production method. The automated filler production method is suitable for defining, producing and tracking the status of custom fillers on demand for immediate installation on an inline flow production line when the full design definition of a structure resides in a CAD/CAM system. An illustrative embodiment of the method includes obtaining gap measurement data by measuring a gap between component parts of a structure, delivering the gap measurement data to a data collector function, updating the CAD solid model of the filler (in its relationship in the structure) using the gap measurement data, creating portable Machine Control Data (MCD) using the CAM function of the CADCAM system, delivering the MCD to a filler machining center via a networked server, and machining a filler from a metallic or non-metallic composite materials using the MCD. 
     In some embodiments, the automated filler production method may include obtaining gap measurement data by measuring a gap between component parts of a structure; capturing and delivering the gap measurement data to a data collector function; generating a new CAD solid model definition with the gap measurements, creating portable Machine Control Data (MCD) using the CAM function of the CADCAM system, delivering the MCD to a filler machining center via a networked server, and machining a filler from a metallic or non-metallic composite materials using the MCD. 
     The disclosure is further generally directed to a method of applying a diamond abrasive cutting tool configuration to the fabrication of fillers from large sheets of non-metallic composite material. An illustrative embodiment of the method includes providing a cutting tool including a tool shank, a tool head attached to the tool shank and individual diamond abrasive cutting edges attached to the tool head; providing a non-metallic composite filler materials; and machining a filler from the filler from larger sheets of material using the cutting tool. 
     The features, functions, and advantages that have been discussed can be achieved independently in various embodiments of the present disclosure or may be combined in yet other embodiments further details of which can be seen with reference to the following description and drawings. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ILLUSTRATIONS 
         FIG. 1  is a flow diagram of an illustrative embodiment of the automated filler production method. 
         FIG. 1A  is a flow diagram of an illustrative embodiment of a method of applying a diamond abrasive cutting tool configuration which enables unique gage reduction material removal capabilities for non-metallic composite materials. 
         FIGS. 2 and 2A  are side and end views, respectively, of a diamond abrasive cutting tool configuration which enables the unique gage reduction material removal capabilities of non-metallic composite materials in implementation of the automated filler production method. 
         FIGS. 3 and 3A  are side and end views, respectively, of an alternative diamond abrasive cutting tool configuration. 
         FIGS. 4 and 4A  are side and end views, respectively, of another alternative diamond abrasive cutting tool configuration. 
         FIGS. 5 and 5A  are side and end views, respectively, of still another alternative diamond abrasive cutting tool configuration. 
         FIG. 6  is a flow diagram of an aircraft production and service methodology. 
         FIG. 7  is a block diagram of an aircraft. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The following detailed description is merely exemplary in nature and is not intended to limit the described embodiments or the application and uses of the described embodiments. As used herein, the word “exemplary” or “illustrative” means “serving as an example, instance, or illustration.” Any implementation described herein as “exemplary” or “illustrative” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other implementations. All of the implementations described below are exemplary implementations provided to enable persons skilled in the art to practice the disclosure and are not intended to limit the scope of the claims. Furthermore, there is no intention to be bound by any expressed or implied theory presented in the preceding technical field, background, brief summary or the following detailed description. 
     The disclosure is generally directed to an integrated automated filler production method from gap measurement, filler definition, NC (Numerical Control) programming, filler machining (regardless of the material type), delivery of fillers for the assembly of a structure such as a composite aircraft, and filler status tracking. The method may be embodied in software which enables integration of these processes and assures the quality of the finished filler. The disclosure is further generally directed to the configuration, features and method of application of a diamond abrasive cutting tool configuration which enables the unique gage reduction material removal capabilities of non-metallic composite materials (GFRP and CFRP). Additionally, the methods may enable the production of multiple metallic material fillers utilizing their unique required cutter configurations. 
     Referring initially to  FIG. 1 , a flow diagram  100  of an illustrative embodiment of the automated filler production method is shown. The method  100  may be implemented in the integration of fillers during the production of aircraft or other structures. In block  102 , measurement of a gap between component parts of the aircraft or other structure may be made. The gap measurement may be made by multiple methods—mechanical, electrical, or computer based, for example and without limitation. The accuracy of the gap measurement capture is assured through a graphical user interface for the data collection function. 
     In block  104 , the gap measurement data obtained in block  102  may be captured and delivered to a data collector function which is adapted to display and assess all measurement points and then to deliver the properly formatted measurement data to a proper server location. A “watcher” function transmit notifications to personnel who are responsible for supporting the filler machining process that new measurement data has arrived and if the gap measurements meet specified design criteria. Automated entry of the gap measurement data to the data collector function may be made via interfaces with the measurement equipment. The gap measurement data may be transmitted to the data collector function via a factory wireless network or via direct hardwired network connection. Upon receipt of the gap measurement file, an automatic population of a filler CAD definition with the measurement data may occur. 
     In block  106 , a solid model of the structure, including the filler solid model, may be updated with the population of filler CAD definition carried out in block  104 . An automated update of the NC (Numeric control) program for the machining process may be generated from the updated solid model and the creation of portable Machine Control Data (MCD) may be accomplished. An automated download of the MCD to a central server may be accomplished. In block  108 , a status update to note availability of the MCD may be accomplished. 
     In block  110 , a direct delivery of the MCD to a machining center may be generated such as by request from a machinist and the filler may be machined from a from a larger sheet of material. In some embodiments, the sheet of material from which the filler is machined may be a composite material in the form of Glass Fiber Re-enforced Plastic (GFRP) or Carbon Fiber Re-enforced Plastic (CFRP) or other non-metallic materials. In other embodiments, the material sheet from which the filler is machined may be metallic in nature. If necessary, machining of the filler may be shifted within the material sheet envelope to assure maximum material utilization. Highly-specialized cutting tool configurations may be utilized by the MCD to machine the complex filler surfaces. The filler may be machined from a material which may be of any type including composite non metallic, and metallic materials, for example and without limitation. 
     In block  112 , changes in the status of the filler through out its fabrication process may be logged and reported as required. In block  114 , deburring of the filler may be carried out and the filler may be marked for incorporation into the structure. The filler may be immediately installed on an inline flow production line or retained for future use depending on the production strategy. 
     It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the method of the disclosure may be implemented to define, produce, and ascertain and distribute the status of fillers that are custom-produced on demand for immediate installation on an inline flow production line in applications in which the full design requirement of an aircraft or other structure resides solely in a CAD/CAM system. It will be further appreciated by those skilled in the art that the method  100  may support 5-axis machine tools, 3D engineering definition of an aircraft or other structure, automatic capture of gap measurement data, automated delivery of the gap measurement data, machining of composite materials, automated generation of the Machine Control Data (MCD), delivery of the MCD to the machine tool and automated filler status collection, communication, and storage for future performance and process analysis. 
     Referring next to  FIG. 1A , a flow diagram  100   a  of an illustrative embodiment of a method of applying a diamond abrasive cutting tool configuration which enables unique gage reduction and complex surface generation via material removal techniques of non-metallic composite materials is shown. In some applications, the flow diagram  100   a  may be implemented as part of block  110  of the flow diagram  100  which was heretofore described with respect to  FIG. 1 . In block  102   a , a cutting tool having a tool shank, an attached material removal cutting head on the tool shank and diamond abrasive cutting material applied on all material removal surfaces including grooves formed to facilitate the material removal process is provided. The cutting tool may have one of the cutting tool configurations which are described with respect to  FIGS. 2-5A  herein below. In block  104   a , a non-metallic filler material sheet is provided. In some embodiments, the non-metallic filler material sheet may be a composite material, such as CFRP and GFRP. In block  106   a , a filler may be fabricated from the filler material sheet using the cutting tool provided in block  102   a . It should be noted that a filler or multiple instances of the filler may be located in a single sheet of material. Additionally, multiple filler configurations may grouped in a single sheet of filler material and sequentially without interruption of the process to load material or to unload material and/or fillers. 
     Referring next to  FIGS. 2-5A  of the drawings, various cutting tool configurations for production of fillers according to the method of the disclosure are shown. For example and without limitation, the cutting tool configurations shown in  FIGS. 2-5A  may be implemented in block  110  of the flow diagram  100  which was heretofore described with respect to  FIG. 1  and in the flow diagram  100   a  which was heretofore described with respect to  FIG. 1A . Application of the cutting tool configurations may enable the unique gage reduction and complex surface generation via material removal capabilities of the non-metallic composite materials (such as GFRP and CFRP). 
     As illustrated in  FIGS. 2 and 2A , in some embodiments the cutting tool  1  may include a generally elongated tool shank  2  having an attached material removal cutting head  3  on the tool shank  2 . The attached material removal cutting head  3  may have a generally semispherical proximal head portion  3   a  and a generally semispherical cutting surface  3   b  which extends from the proximal head portion  3   a . Diamond abrasive is applied on the material removal surfaces including grooves formed to facilitate the material removal process  4  may extend along the cutting surface  3   b  of the attached material removal cutting head  3 . As shown in  FIG. 2A , in some embodiments, the grooves formed to facilitate the material removal process  4  may be generally arranged in helical or straight patterns on the cutting surface  3   b  to facilitate the material removal process. 
     As shown in  FIGS. 3 and 3A , in some embodiments the cutting tool  1   a  may include attached material removal cutting head  3  having a generally cylindrical proximal head portion  3   a  and a generally semispherical cutting surface  3   b  which extends from the proximal head portion  3   a . The grooves formed to facilitate the material removal process  4  may extend along the cutting surface  3   b  of the attached material removal cutting head  3 . 
     As shown in  FIGS. 4 and 4A , in some embodiments, the attached material removal cutting head  3  of the cutting tool  1   b  may include a generally cylindrical proximal head portion  3   a  and a generally cylindrical side cutting surface  3   b  with a generally planar end cutting surface  3   c . An annular cutting surface to facilitate the material removal process and to enable the generation of complex surfaces  3   d  which may be curved in cross-section and may circumscribe the end cutting surface  3   c . Diamond abrasive coated grooves formed to facilitate the material removal process  4  may extend along the side cutting surface  3   b , the radiused cutting surface edge  3   d  and the end cutting surface  3   c.    
     As shown in  FIGS. 5 and 5A , in some embodiments the attached material removal cutting head  3  of the cutting tool  1   c  may include a generally cylindrical proximal head portion  3   a  and a generally cylindrical side cutting surface  3   b  with an annular cutting surface edge  3   d . As shown in  FIG. 5A , the material removal cutting head  3  may have a cutting surface bore  3   e  to facilitate material removal. Diamond abrasive cutting ridges  4  may extend along the side cutting surface  3   b  and onto the cutting surface edge  3   d  of the material removal cutting head  3  and into the area defined by  3   e.    
     Referring next to  FIGS. 6 and 7 , embodiments of the disclosure may be used in the context of an aircraft manufacturing and service method  78  as shown in  FIG. 6  and an aircraft  94  as shown in  FIG. 7 . During pre-production, exemplary method  78  may include specification and design  80  of the aircraft  94  and material procurement  82 . During production, component and subassembly manufacturing  84  and system integration  86  of the aircraft  94  takes place. Thereafter, the aircraft  94  may go through certification and delivery  88  in order to be placed in service  90 . While in service by a customer, the aircraft  94  may be scheduled for routine maintenance and service  92  (which may also include modification, reconfiguration, refurbishment, and so on). 
     Each of the processes of method  78  may be performed or carried out by a system integrator, a third party, and/or an operator (e.g., a customer). For the purposes of this description, a system integrator may include without limitation any number of aircraft manufacturers and major-system subcontractors; a third party may include without limitation any number of vendors, subcontractors, and suppliers; and an operator may be an airline, leasing company, military entity, service organization, and so on. 
     As shown in  FIG. 7 , the aircraft  94  produced by exemplary method  78  may include an airframe  98  with a plurality of systems  96  and an interior  116 . Examples of high-level systems  96  include one or more of a propulsion system  118 , an electrical system  120 , a hydraulic system  122 , and an environmental system  124 . Any number of other systems may be included. The assembly and/or installation requires filler to assure proper assembly and installation procedure as defined by the product design criteria. Although an aerospace example is shown, the principles of the invention may be applied to other industries, such as the automotive industry. 
     The apparatus embodied herein may be employed during any one or more of the stages of the production and service method  78 . For example, components or subassemblies corresponding to production process  84  may be fabricated or manufactured in a manner similar to components or subassemblies produced while the aircraft  94  is in service. Also one or more apparatus embodiments may be utilized during the production stages  84  and  86 , for example, by substantially expediting assembly of or reducing the cost of an aircraft  94 . Similarly, one or more apparatus embodiments may be utilized while the aircraft  94  is in service, for example and without limitation, to maintenance and service  92 . 
     Although the embodiments of this disclosure have been described with respect to certain exemplary embodiments, it is to be understood that the specific embodiments are for purposes of illustration and not limitation, as other variations will occur to those of skill in the art.