Abstract:
Manifold with integrated pipe for a heat exchanger A manifold for, e.g. a motor vehicle heat exchanger, has a first part formed from a shaped metal sheet and featuring a bottom and two lateral walls folded face-to-face, at least one of which is provided with an aperture for fixing a pipe there. A second part is formed from a shaped metal sheet and able to be fitted onto the lateral walls of the first part to form a cover opposite the bottom of this first part. Either the first part or the second part has a manifold plate. The first part, the second part and the pipe are assembled by brazing.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION  
         [0001]    The invention relates to heat exchangers, especially for motor vehicles, and more particularly to a manifold for a heat exchanger, comprising a manifold plate closed by a wall in such a way as to delimit a chamber into which at least one pipe opens out.  
         BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0002]    In a manifold of this sort, the manifold plate, which is also called hole plate, possesses a multiplicity of holes in which are accommodated the extremities of tubes which constitute the core of the heat exchanger. Fins contributing to increasing the heat-exchange surface area are associated with these tubes.  
           [0003]    The manifold plate is closed by a wall so as to delimit a chamber which communicates with the tubes in order to allow a fluid to circulate in the core.  
           [0004]    The abovementioned wall is usually equipped with at least one pipe to allow the abovementioned fluid to enter or leave.  
           [0005]    The design of these pipes poses many problems in practice, given that they have to be placed at precise places on the wall depending on the conditions dictated by the placing of the heat exchanger in the vehicle in question.  
           [0006]    Moreover, the pipe has to be shaped in a particular way, for example bent, in order to present an end part extending in a given direction in order for a flexible hose to be fitted over it.  
           [0007]    Manifolds of this sort are already known, in which the manifold plate is of metal, while the wall is molded from plastic with the pipe or pipes which are associated with it.  
           [0008]    In this case, leaktightness between the manifold plate and the wall is ensured by means of a gasket, the manifold plate being equipped with claws which are folded down or crimped against a peripheral rim of the wall.  
           [0009]    The production of such a wall with at least one associated pipe requires molds of complex shapes.  
           [0010]    Manifolds of this sort are also known in which the various elements are metal pieces assembled together by brazing.  
           [0011]    Here again, that poses difficulties in producing and installing the pipe at an appropriate place, especially when this pipe is bent.  
           [0012]    The object of the invention is especially to overcome the abovementioned drawbacks.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0013]    According to the present invention there is provided a manifold for a heat exchanger, having a manifold plate closed by a wall in such a way as to delimit a chamber into which at least one pipe opens out, and further comprising  
           [0014]    a first part formed from a shaped metal sheet featuring a bottom and two lateral walls folded face-to-face, at least one of which is provided with an aperture in order for a pipe to be affixed there and a second part formed from a shaped metal sheet able to be fitted onto the lateral walls of the first part in order to form a cover opposite the bottom of this first part, wherein one of the first part and the second part comprises the manifold plate, and wherein the first part, the second part and the pipe are assembled by brazing  
           [0015]    It is thus possible to produce all the elements of the manifold, including the pipe, from metal pieces, shaped especially by stamping, which are then assembled by brazing.  
           [0016]    Thus, the constituent elements of the manifold can be brazed in an oven, at the same time as the rest of the heat exchanger, which markedly simplifies the manufacturing operations.  
           [0017]    Advantageously, the two lateral walls of the first part are generally flat and parallel to each other and are connected perpendicularly to the bottom.  
           [0018]    It is advantageous for the two lateral walls of the first part each to include a peripheral groove for accommodating a longitudinal edge of the second part. This contributes to correct temporary holding of the first part and of the second part together.  
           [0019]    In a variant, this temporary holding can be obtained by the fact that the two lateral walls of the first part each include a series of cut-outs delimiting support regions formed in projection from the inner side for accommodating a longitudinal edge of the second part.  
           [0020]    These support regions are preferably each formed by stamping of the lateral walls of the inner side.  
           [0021]    In order to contribute to the holding, it is preferable for each longitudinal edge of the second part to be equipped with projecting studs able to be engaged respectively in the cut-outs of the lateral walls.  
           [0022]    According to yet another characteristic of the invention, the second, cover-forming part is defined by a sheet which is shaped so as to have generatrices generally parallel to each other.  
           [0023]    In a first embodiment of the invention, the manifold plate is included in the bottom of the first part and is connected to the lateral walls, while the second part constitutes a closed cover.  
           [0024]    In this case, the two lateral walls advantageously possess respective face-to-face extensions, at least one of which is provided with an aperture for the pipe.  
           [0025]    In a second embodiment of the invention, the manifold plate is included in the second part, while the bottom of the first part is closed and is connected to the lateral walls.  
           [0026]    In the invention, the first part and the second part are each obtained by stamping and cutting out from a metal sheet. The latter is advantageously a sheet of a material comprising aluminum.  
           [0027]    According to another aspect, the invention relates to a heat exchanger comprising at least one manifold as defined above.  
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0028]    In the description which follows, given solely by way of example, reference is made to the attached drawings, in which:  
         [0029]    [0029]FIG. 1 is an exploded view in perspective of a manifold according to a first embodiment of the invention;  
         [0030]    [0030]FIG. 2 is a view in perspective analogous to FIG. 1 after assembly of the manifold;  
         [0031]    [0031]FIG. 3 is a side view corresponding to FIG. 2;  
         [0032]    [0032]FIG. 4 is a sectional view along the line IV-IV of FIG. 3;  
         [0033]    [0033]FIG. 5 is a top view of the manifold of FIG. 2;  
         [0034]    [0034]FIG. 6 is a sectional view along the line VI-VI of FIG. 5;  
         [0035]    [0035]FIG. 7 is a side view of a manifold, in the assembled state, according to a second embodiment of the invention;  
         [0036]    [0036]FIG. 8 is a sectional view along the line VIII-VIII of FIG. 7;  
         [0037]    [0037]FIG. 9 is a top view corresponding to FIG. 7;  
         [0038]    [0038]FIG. 10 is a sectional view along the line XI-XI of FIG. 9;  
         [0039]    [0039]FIG. 11 is a side view of a manifold, in the assembled state, according to a third embodiment of the invention;  
         [0040]    [0040]FIG. 12 is a top view corresponding to FIG. 11;  
         [0041]    [0041]FIG. 13 is a sectional view along the line XIII-XIII of FIG. 11;  
         [0042]    [0042]FIG. 14 is a sectional view along the line XIV-XIV of FIG. 11;  
         [0043]    [0043]FIG. 15 is a partial view in perspective of the manifold of FIG. 11 before assembly;  
         [0044]    [0044]FIG. 16 represents the detail XVI, on an enlarged scale, of FIG. 15; and  
         [0045]    [0045]FIG. 17 represents the detail of FIG. 16, after assembly.  
     
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
       [0046]    In the various figures, like reference numerals refer to like parts, unless otherwise specified.  
         [0047]    The embodiment of FIGS.  1  to  7  will be referred to first of all, in which the manifold comprises a first part  10  and a second part  12  each formed from a metal sheet, advantageously of aluminum, which is shaped by conventional cutting-out and stamping operations.  
         [0048]    The first part  10  includes a bottom  14  which is generally flat and of elongate rectangular shape. This bottom  14  is intended to constitute the manifold plate, also called “hole plate”, of the manifold. This bottom, to that end, includes a plurality of spaced holes  16  of elongate shape intended to accommodate tubes  18  forming part of a heat-exchanger core (FIGS. 1 and 2). In the example, these are flat tubes between which are arranged fins  20  produced in the form of corrugated spacers.  
         [0049]    The sheet  10  further comprises two lateral walls  22  folded face-to-face, which are generally flat and parallel to each other. These walls are connected substantially perpendicularly to the bottom  14  by two fold lines  24  which are parallel to each other.  
         [0050]    The lateral walls  22  are of elongate shape and include, in their central part, respective extensions  26  and  28  arranged face-to-face and each being in a “paper hat” shape. In the example, the extension  26  includes an aperture  30 , while the extension  28  is completely closed. The aperture  30  is of circular shape and is intended to allow fitting of a pipe  32  of circular cross section.  
         [0051]    Each of the lateral walls  22  includes a peripheral groove  34 , which is continuous and ends in two end slots  36  which extend over the width of the bottom  14 .  
         [0052]    These grooves are intended to allow nested fitting of two longitudinal edges  38  of matching shape which the second part  12  includes. This second part is intended to form a cover so as to fit over the lateral walls  22  in such a way that, after nested fitting, these two parts jointly delimit a closed volume which communicates with the tubes of the core.  
         [0053]    The second part  12  is obtained from a metal sheet of given width which possesses parallel generatrices. As can be seen more particularly in FIGS. 1, 3 and  7 , this sheet includes a paper-hat-shaped central part  40  framed by two coplanar parts  42 , which have respective extremities  44  folded at a right angle and able to come to engage in the grooves  36 .  
         [0054]    This second part  12  can thus be nested into the corresponding grooves  34  and  36  of the first part  10  in order to form an assembly (FIG. 2) ready to be brazed at the same time as the pipe  32 .  
         [0055]    It will be understood that it is thus possible, in a single operation, to produce a heat exchanger comprising a core formed by a multiplicity of tubes  18  and of fins  20 , at the same time as one or two manifolds as defined above.  
         [0056]    Referring now to the embodiment of FIGS.  7  to  10 , in this second embodiment the manifold comprises a first part  50  and a second part  52  each formed from a shaped metal sheet, for example of aluminum. The first part  50  features a closed bottom  54  and two lateral walls  56  folded face-to-face. These two lateral walls  56  have a substantially trapezoidal oblong shape and are each delimited by a longitudinal edge  58 , a non-parallel longitudinal edge  60  forming a fold line with the bottom  54 , an end edge  62  and another end edge  64  which is partly rounded. This end edge  64  corresponds to a wider region of the wall  56  in which an aperture  66  is formed for receiving a pipe  68  (FIGS. 9 and 10). The other lateral wall  56  has a matching shape, but does not include an aperture.  
         [0057]    It will be understood that the first part  50  can thus be produced by stamping in order to form a cup-shaped element which comprises the bottom  54  and the two lateral walls  56 . The bottom  54  is defined by mutually parallel generatrices.  
         [0058]    The first part  50  is stamped and thus defines a flat aperture of generally rectangular shape for accommodating the second part  52 . This second part  52  is a metal piece of generally flat shape which here constitutes the manifold plate, also called hole plate, of the manifold. This part  52  thus forms a cover fitting over the first part, but this cover is equipped with a plurality of holes  70  for receiving tubes similar to the tubes  18  represented in FIG. 2.  
         [0059]    Hence, in the embodiment of FIGS.  7  to  10 , the manifold plate is included in the second cover-forming part, whereas in the embodiment of FIGS.  1  to  6  the manifold plate is included in the first part.  
         [0060]    As in the case of the preceding embodiment, the two parts can be produced by conventional operations of cutting out and of stamping.  
         [0061]    In the embodiment of FIGS.  11  to  17 , the manifold comprises a first part  72  and a second part  74  each formed from a shaped metal sheet, for example of aluminum. The first part  72  features a closed bottom  76  and two lateral walls  78  folded face-to-face and connected substantially perpendicularly to the bottom  76 . This bottom  76  forms a manifold plate and is provided with holes  80  (FIG. 15) for receiving tubes similar to those described previously.  
         [0062]    The two lateral walls  78  have an oblong shape and are especially each delimited by a longitudinal edge  82 . The two lateral walls have wider face-to-face regions, which form extensions, and one of which includes an aperture receiving a pipe  84  (FIGS. 11 and 12).  
         [0063]    It will be understood that the first part  72  can thus be produced by stamping in order to form a cup-shaped element which is intended to receive the second part  74  which forms a cover. This second part  74  is formed from a metal sheet with parallel generatrices, which is shaped so as to fit onto the edges of the first part and, in particular, onto the longitudinal edges  82  of the lateral walls  78 .  
         [0064]    The two lateral walls  78  each include a series of cut-outs  86 , of generally rectangular shape, which delimit support regions  88  formed in projection from the inner side for accommodating a longitudinal edge  90  of the second part. These support regions  88  are of generally rectangular shape and are each formed by stamping of the lateral walls  78  of the inner side.  
         [0065]    Each longitudinal edge  90  of the second part  74  is equipped with studs  92  formed in projection and able to engage respectively into the cut-outs  86  of the lateral walls  78  (FIGS.  15  to  17 ). These studs form folded lugs of short length which are lodged partly in the recesses formed on the outer side of the lateral walls because of the stamped support regions (FIG. 13).  
         [0066]    Thus the two parts  74  and  76  are held temporarily in a correct position before brazing.  
         [0067]    As in the case of the two preceding embodiments, the two parts can be produced by conventional operations of cutting out and of stamping.  
         [0068]    After assembling of the two parts and of the pipe, the assembly can be brazed in an oven, at the same time as the rest of the heat exchanger to be manufactured.  
         [0069]    Thus a brazing operation is carried out, during which all the elements of the heat exchanger are brazed, which simplifies the manufacturing operations.  
         [0070]    The invention finds a particular application to the heat exchangers for motor vehicles in order to constitute, for example, a radiator for cooling the engine, or else a radiator for heating the passenger compartment.  
         [0071]    Needless to say, the invention is not limited to the embodiments described above by way of example and extends to other variants.  
         [0072]    In particular, the shaping of the first and second parts is capable of many variations, as is the shape of the lateral walls and the site at which the pipe or pipes is or are installed.