Abstract:
A real image zoom finder has a zoom portion with one or more moving elements to vary the magnification of the finder. A field lens is substantially separated from suitable erecting optics to defocus any scratches or dust on the zoom lens and also to increase the compactness of the system.

Description:
This invention relates to real image zoom viewfinders. More particularly, it relates to finders whose magnification is variable for use in a camera having an objective of variable focal length. 
     U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,130,845 issued to Ruben Jul. 14, 1992; and 5,247,324, issued to Estelle Sep. 21, 1993, are representative of a particular type of real image zoom viewfinder. These finders include, from the object to the eye, a zoom portion which includes two or more elements, usually two of which are movable to vary magnification, a field lens situated in an image plane of the zoom portion, suitable erecting optics, for example, a type 2 porro prism and an eyepiece. The zoom portion of the finder forms an inverted real image in the vicinity of the field lens, which real image is viewed by the finder through the erecting optics and with the help of the eyepiece. Such finders are relatively conunon. See also, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,132,838 to Ohshita, Jul. 21, 1992; U.S. Pat. No. 5,220,458 to Ohshita, Jun. 15, 1993; U.S. Pat. No. 5,173,806, Ogata, Dec. 22, 1992; and U.S. Pat. No. 4,751,539 to Yarnada et al, Jun. 14, 1988. 
     Such finders generally provide a better image than typical reverse Galilean finders. However, they suffer from their own set of problems. An obvious problem is that because they must form a first image and then relay it, substantial length from front vertex to rear vertex is required. Secondly, although a field lens is desirable, it places one or two surfaces close to the inverted image. 
     The field lens prevents loss of some of the light forming the first image. It is placed at the first image to control the eye position while minimizing field aberrations. However, this condition introduces a manufacturing problem because the close proximity of the surface to the image causes it to be in focus to the eye. Accordingly, the surface must have stringent scratch, dig and dust tolerances. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     It is an object of the invention to provide a compact real image zoom finder with a well controlled eye position and good field aberration connections across the zoom range, but without visibility of field lens defects. 
     We have found that the field lens can be separated toward the object from the inverted image plane adequately to solve the visible defect problem without adversely affecting either the eye position or field aberrations and actually provide an improvement in compactness. 
     More specifically, in a finder having from the object side to the eye side, a zoom portion, a field lens, inverting optics and an eyepiece, the space, BF, between the field lens and the location of the inverted image, divided by the combined focal length of all the elements toward the object from the inverting optics, at the low magnification position of the finder should be greater than 0.4 and preferably greater than 0.7. 
     According to a preferred embodiment, to control the eye position, reduce front element diameter and maintain a relatively large BF, the following inequality should be met: 
     
         &lt;|EF.sub.W(II+III) /EF.sub.W |&lt;1.9 
    
     According to another preferred embodiment, to maintain compactness of the finder, vertex to vertex, and to provide a reasonable zoom range, the following inequalities should be met: 
     
         1.4&lt;EF.sub.II /EF.sub.W &lt;2.5 
    
     
         0.9&lt;VW/VT&lt;1.1 
    
     In the above inequalities, BF is the space between the field lens and the inverted image; EF W  is the combined focal length of the elements toward the object from the inverting optics at the low magnification position of the finder (sometimes called the wide angle position); EF I , EF II  and EF III  are the respective focal lengths of elements I, II and III in a finder having three elements toward the object from the inverting optics, numbered from the object side; EF W (II+III) is the combined focal length of elements II and III while in the wide angle position in a finder with three elements in front of the inverting optics; VW is the vertex to vertex length of the finder at the low magnification position and VT is the vertex to vertex length of the finder at the high magnification position. 
     According to a still further preferred embodiment, the zoom portion includes only two elements, only one element of which moves to effect zooming and includes aspheres on the eye side of both of its elements. Design and location of the aspheres provide a 2X zoom finder having only one moving element in which the apparent accommodation at the eye never deviates more than a total of 0.5 diopters. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIGS. 1 and 2 are side schematics of finders constructed according to the specifications of Examples 1 and 2, respectively. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     In the following examples all distances are in millimeters; the surfaces are numbered from the object side to the eye side; the indices of refraction are for the helium d line of the spectrum and V is the abbe dispersion number. 
     EXAMPLE 1 
     
         __________________________________________________________________________CLEAR     AXIALSURF.APER.     BEAM RADIUS THICKNESS                         INDEX                              V__________________________________________________________________________1    8.48 2.78 836.600                 1.000   1.492                              57.42    7.05 2.78 ASPHERE                 A3    5.88 2.96 8.06200                 2.000   1.492                              57.44    6.18 2.95 ASPHERE                 B5    9.08 0.96 ASPHERE                 2.659   1.492                              57.46    8.91 0.65 -41.0030                 4.027(BF)7    8.00 0.09 PLANO  30.500  1.492                              57.48    8.33 3.84 PLANO  0.3409    8.34 3.90 ASPHERE                 1.700   1.492                              57.410   8.39 4.09 -11.4190                 13.500__________________________________________________________________________ 
    
     
         __________________________________________________________________________ASPHERIC EQUATION ##STR1##__________________________________________________________________________SURF. 2 C = 0.1310273           D = 0.5382800E-02                        E = -0.598600E-03 k = -24.2420000           F = 0.4001590E-04                        G = -0.1121650E-05SURF. 4 C = -0.0729661           D = 0.4492600E-03                        E = 0.7668210E-04 k = -2.2770000           F = -0.3328960E-05                        G = -0.7884800E-08SURF. 5 C = 0.1092896           D = 0.1927100E-02                        E = -0.7536170E-04 k = -18.4040000           F = 0.1566340E-05                        G = -0.1207280E-07SURF. 9 C = 0.0008410           D = -0.7906160E-04                        E = -0.1055140E-04 k = 0.0000000           F = 0.6476000E-06                        G =  0.1545250E-07__________________________________________________________________________ 
    
     
         __________________________________________________________________________          FINDER LENGTHSTOP     FINDER          W/PRISM    ZOOM SPACINGSMAG.    DIAM.    LENGTH          FOLD       A    B     SEMI-FIELD__________________________________________________________________________0.281    4.18 62.709          39.009     11.944                          8.539 33.850.390    3.48 60.370          36.670     7.075                          11.069                                24.790.541    3.42 60.407          36.707     3.562                          14.619                                17.310.753    3.63 62.781          39.081     1.026                          19.529                                12.11__________________________________________________________________________ 
    
     
         __________________________________________________________________________EXAMPLE 1 ABERRATIONS: (Negative Astigmatism MeansTangential Field Is Closer To The Eye.).281X     .390X         .541X             .753X     .281X                           .390X                               .541X                                   .753X__________________________________________________________________________ACCOMMODATION (DIOPTERS)                 ASTIGMATISM (DIOPTERS)AXIS  -1.28     -1.23         -1.16             -1.26                 AXIS  --  --  --  --TOP   -0.79     -0.83         -0.95             -1.03                 TOP   0.00                           0.00                               -0.14                                   -0.02SIDE  -0.34     -0.40         -0.50             -0.50                 SIDE  -0.27                           -0.23                               -0.26                                   -0.040.9 FIELD -0.15     -0.24         -0.34             -0.31                 0.9 FIELD                       -0.20                           -0.22                               -0.23                                   0.07CORNER 0.36     0.13         0.07             0.12                 CORNER                       0.66                           0.03                               0.08                                   0.35DISTORTION (%)        LATERAL COLOR (MIN. OF ARC)AXIS  --  --  --  --  AXIS  --  --  --  --TOP   -3.4     -1.6         0.5 1.8 TOP   5.16                           3.44                               0.21                                   -2.77SIDE  -7.9     -5.0         -0.7             3.3 SIDE  6.53                           4.13                               -0.14                                   -4.880.9 FIELD -9.0     -5.1         -0.1             3.5 0.9 FIELD                       7.22                           4.13                               -0.34                                   -5.95CORNER -10.8     -6.2         0.0 4.4 CORNER                       7.56                           4.47                               -0.69                                   -7.46__________________________________________________________________________ 
    
     
         ______________________________________EXAMPLE 1 RETICLE SYSTEM(With Reticle 0.5 mm Prior To Surface 7):ACCOMMODATION          ASTIGMATISM(DIOPTERS)             (DIOPTERS)______________________________________AXIS      -1.18        AXIS      --TOP       -1.08        TOP       -0.03SIDE      -1.02        SIDE      -0.180.9 FIELD -1.01        0.9 FIELD -0.21CORNER    -0.99        CORNER    -0.28______________________________________ 
    
     
         ______________________________________EXAMPLE 1 FOCAL LENGTHS ANDOTHER RELATIONSHIPS______________________________________EF.sub.w =        6.446EF.sub.W(II+III) =             10.06BF/EF.sub.W =     .545EF.sub.W(II+III) /EF.sub.W =             1.56VW/VT =           .999EF.sub.II /EF.sub.W =             1.652______________________________________ 
    
     Example 1 is a 3X zoom finder which is quite well corrected with a well controlled eye position despite a separation between the inverted image and the field lens of more than 3.5 min. Eye relief is 13.5 mm. All elements are made out of methylacryate. 
     EXAMPLE 2 
     
         __________________________________________________________________________CLEAR     AXIALSURF.APER.     BEAM RADIUS                THICKNESS                        INDEX                             V__________________________________________________________________________1    6.36 2.00 12.3600                1.00    1.492                             57.42    5.29 1.94 ASPHERE                A3    9.37 1.98 6.29900                3.000   1.492                             57.44    8.87 1.83 ASPHERE                B5    9.48 1.51 ASPHERE                3.300   1.492                             57.46    9.79 1.25 -8.54700                6.5817    7.76 0.05 PLANO 31.900  1.590                             30.98    8.82 3.88 -21.6700                0.4009    8.70 3.91 ASPHERE                1.500   1.492                             57.410   8.64 4.04 -16.3130                13.500__________________________________________________________________________ 
    
     
         __________________________________________________________________________ASPHERIC EQUATION ##STR2##__________________________________________________________________________SURF. 2 C = 0.1649893           D = -0.4835800E-03                        F = 0.3535910E-04 k = 0.0000000           E = -0.3029500E-03                        G = -0.1088450E-05SURF. 4 C = 0.0221058           D = 0.1881300E-02                        F = 0.1415010E-05 k = 0.0000000           E = -0.2268120E-04                        G = 0.0000000E+00SURF. 5 C = 0.0710177           D = -0.8288200E-03                        F = -0.2255280E-05 k = 0.0000000           E = 0.4461610E-04                        G = 0.3970820E-07SURF. 9 C = -0.0213161           D = -0.2033400E-03                        F = -0.1567160E-05 k = 0.0000000           E = 0.2155670E-04                        G = 0.3843810E-07__________________________________________________________________________               FINDER               LENGTH                     ZOOM        FINDER W/PRISM                     SPACINGSMAG. STOP DIAM.        LENGTH FOLD  A   B   SEMI-FIELD__________________________________________________________________________0.3144.15    59.044 34.844                     9.870                         1.493                             30.420.3883.84    59.044 34.844                     6.608                         4.755                             25.390.4803.47    59.044 34.844                     3.513                         7.850                             20.450.5923.36    59.044 34.844                     0.491                         10.872                             16.40__________________________________________________________________________ 
    
     
         __________________________________________________________________________          FINDER LENGTHSTOP     FINDER          W/PRISM    ZOOM SPACINGSMAG.    DIAM.    LENGTH          FOLD       A    B     SEMI-FIELD__________________________________________________________________________0.314    4.15 59.044          34.844     9.870                          1.493 30.420.388    3.84 59.044          34.844     6.608                          4.755 25.390.480    3.47 59.044          34.844     3.513                          7.850 20.450.592    3.36 59.044          34.844     0.491                          10.872                                16.40__________________________________________________________________________ 
    
     
         __________________________________________________________________________EXAMPLE 2 ABERRATIONS: (Negative Astigmatism MeansTangential Field Is Closer To The Eye.).313X     .388X         .480X             .592X     .313X                           .388X                               .480X                                   .592X__________________________________________________________________________ACCOMMODATION (DIOPTERS)                 ASTIGMATISM (DIOPTERS)AXIS  -1.29     -0.98         -0.82             -1.30                 AXIS  --  --  --  --TOP   -1.34     -0.93         -0.69             -1.10                 TOP   -0.32                           -0.34                               -0.19                                   -0.14SIDE  -0.26     0.08         0.17             -0.09                 SIDE  -0.04                           0.04                               -0.14                                   0.030.9 FIELD -0.26     0.09         0.21             -0.06                 0.9 FIELD                       -0.22                           -0.12                               -0.21                                   -0.08CORNER -0.31     0.66         0.45             0.10                 CORNER                       -0.90                           0.45                               -0.18                                   -0.23DISTORTION (%)        LATERAL COLOR (MIN. OF ARC)AXIS  --  --  --  --  AXIS  --  --  --  --TOP   -0.7     -1.0         -0.4             0.3 TOP   0.14                           -0.86                               -2.55                                   -4.15SIDE  -3.5     -4.4         -2.4             -0.4                 SIDE  2.87                           0.06                               -3.44                                   -6.530.9 FIELD -4.3     -4.8         -2.5             -0.3                 0.9 FIELD                       3.51                           0.24                               -3.47                                   -6.74CORNER -5.4     -5.7         -2.8             -0.0                 CORNER                       6.19                           0.75                               -3.81                                   -7.67__________________________________________________________________________ 
    
     
         ______________________________________EXAMPLE 2 MASK SYSTEM(With Field Frame 0.55 mm Prior To Surface 7).ACCOMMODATION          ASTIGMATISM(DIOPTERS)             (DIOPTERS)______________________________________AXIS      -0.63        AXIS      --TOP       -0.63        TOP       -0.12SIDE      -0.73        SIDE      -0.150.9 FIELD -0.75        0.9 FIELD -0.15CORNER    -0.99        CORNER    -0.23______________________________________ 
    
     
         ______________________________________EXAMPLE 2 FOCAL LENGTHS OF SYSTEMCOMPONENTS AND OTHER RELATIONSHIPS:______________________________________EF.sub.w =        6.774EF.sub.W(II+III) =             7.98BF/EF.sub.W =     .938EF.sub.W(II+III) /EF.sub.W =             1.18VW/VT =           1EF.sub.II /EF.sub.W =             2.143______________________________________ 
    
     Like Example 1, this finder also separates the field lens from the inverted image and still maintains excellent corrections and eye accommodation. Remarkably, it is a well corrected 2X zoom real image finder that moves only a single element in the zoom portion, element II. Despite moving only one element, the apparent accommodation at the eye never deviates more than a total of 0.5 diopters. 
     The invention has been described in detail with particular reference to a preferred embodiment thereof, but it will be understood that variations and modifications can be effected within the spirit and scope of the invention as described hereinabove and as defined in the appended claims.