Abstract:
A power miter saw comprises a saw base having a fence for positioning a work piece, a table rotatably connected to the saw base; a miter arm assembly for angularly positioning the table relative to the saw base, a saw blade and motor assembly operatively connected to the table, a linear guide mechanism attached to the table and being configured to support the saw blade and motor assembly and enable movement of the assembly along a predetermined linear path in either forward or rearward directions, the mechanism having a horizontal shaft about which the assembly is pivotable to move a saw blade vertically into and out of cutting position, the mechanism also having a multiple link hinge pivotally interconnecting the motor assembly and the table with horizontal shafts that are parallel to one another.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
       [0001]     The present invention generally relates to power miter and abrasive cut off saws.  
         [0002]     Miter saws have been the subject of continued research and development efforts in the power tool arena for decades, and many improvements have been made that has resulted in increased ease of use and productivity. Artisans who install trim carpentry have used power miter saws for some time and it is well known that wide stock such as crown molding and the like often requires a miter saw with either a bigger saw blade or a configuration that enables the blade to be moved along a horizontal path away and toward the fence of the miter saw. Such blade moving configurations are generally marketed as sliding compound miter saws, principally because most if not all commercially available saws of this type have a sliding guide assembly comprised of elongated rods that slide in respective bushings to move the saw blade and motor assembly relative to the fence of the saw.  
         [0003]     Such sliding guide assemblies are an expensive component of such miter saws. The current state of the art for such sliding miter saws includes a linear guide that typically consists of two of such bushings and rod combinations. These relatively expensive linear bearings consist of recirculating ball bearings that operate together with turned, ground, polished and hardened steel rods that are approximately 40 cm long and 30 mm in diameter. To have minimum play and deflection of the saw blade and motor assembly, precise fits are required between the rods and the linear recirculating ball bearings over the entire linear travel of the rods. The rod must be made of a high hardness steel to prevent indentation by the hard steel balls. Such construction is relatively expensive.  
         [0004]     Additionally, an undesirable feature of such bushing and rod linear guides is that space must be provided behind the saw for the rods to extend when the saw blade is positioned near the fence. Because of this space requirement, such a sliding saw cannot be put next to a wall which results in a larger footprint being occupied by such a saw. Additionally, these bushings and rod linear guide mechanisms are susceptible to damage from dirt and grit, particularly if the saw is a sliding abrasive cut off saw where an abrasive wheel is used to cut steel and other materials. The abrasive wheel grinds its way through the steel and produces a considerable volume of abrasive particles that generally come out of the back of the saw. These abrasive particles can penetrate into the ball bushings and damage the bearing. While it is possible to cover the rods with a bellows or similar cover, the hostile environment generally leads to degradation of the fabric and penetration of the ball bushing by the abrasive particles.  
         [0005]     There is a continuing need for improvement in the design and development of miter and cut-off saws that have linear guide assemblies.  
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
       [0006]     A power miter saw comprises a saw base having a fence for positioning a work piece, a table rotatably connected to the saw base; a miter arm assembly for angularly positioning the table relative to the saw base, a saw blade and motor assembly operatively connected to the table, a linear guide mechanism attached to the table and being configured to support the saw blade and motor assembly and enable movement of the assembly along a predetermined linear path in either forward or rearward directions, the mechanism having a horizontal shaft about which the assembly is pivotable to move a saw blade vertically into and out of cutting position, the mechanism also having a multiple link hinge pivotally interconnecting the motor assembly and the table with generally horizontal shafts that are parallel to one another. 
     
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0007]      FIG. 1  is a right side perspective view of a first preferred embodiment of the present invention, particularly illustrating the saw blade being located in the extended position away from the fence;  
         [0008]      FIG. 2  is a right side perspective view of the embodiment shown in  FIG. 1 , but illustrating the saw blade in a position near the fence;  
         [0009]      FIG. 3  is a side elevation of the embodiment shown in  FIG. 1  with the saw blade in the extended position away from the fence;  
         [0010]      FIG. 4  is a rear view of the embodiment shown in  FIG. 1 , with the saw blade away from the fence;  
         [0011]      FIG. 5  is a right front perspective view of a second preferred embodiment of the present invention, particularly illustrating the saw blade being located in the extended position away from the fence;  
         [0012]      FIG. 6  is a right front perspective view of the embodiment shown in  FIG. 5 , but illustrating the saw blade in a position near the fence;  
         [0013]      FIG. 7  is a side elevation of the embodiment shown in  FIG. 5  but illustrating the saw blade in a position near the fence;  
         [0014]      FIG. 8  is a rear view of the embodiment shown in  FIG. 5 , with the saw blade in a position away from the fence;  
         [0015]      FIG. 9  is a third preferred embodiment of the present invention, particularly illustrating the saw blade being located in the extended position away from the fence;  
         [0016]      FIG. 10  is a side elevation of the embodiment shown in  FIG. 9  with the saw blade in the extended position away from the fence.  
         [0017]      FIG. 11  is another side elevation of the embodiment shown in  FIG. 9 , with the saw blade near the fence; and  
         [0018]      FIG. 12  is a rear view of the embodiment shown in  FIG. 9 , with the saw blade located away the fence. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION  
       [0019]     Three embodiments of the present invention are shown and described herein, with the each of the three embodiments having a multiple hinge linkage that is designated herein as a horizontal hinge linkage that interconnects the saw blade and motor assembly to the table of the miter saw. It should be understood that while it is referred to herein as a generally horizontal hinge linkage, the several shafts of the linkage may not always be exactly horizontal, and may have a pivot axis that can vary up to about 30 degrees in either direction from exact horizontal. However, it is preferred that the axes be in a substantially horizontal orientation when the saw is set at a zero degree bevel position. Regardless of the bevel angle or the orientation of the surface on which the saw is supported, the shafts are preferably substantially parallel to the arbor shaft in which the blade is mounted and therefore substantially perpendicular to the plane of the saw blade.  
         [0020]     The horizontal hinge linkage is utilized rather than an elongated rod and bushing configuration and provides increased stiffness to undesired movement of the saw blade arising from structural deflections during cutting operations. Two of the three embodiments also have a vertical hinge linkage for maintaining the elevation of the saw pivot head (to which the saw blade and motor assembly is attached) constant during movement of the saw blade and motor assembly away and toward the fence during a cutting operation. A third preferred embodiment utilizes the horizontal hinge linkage together with a single rod and bushing arrangement whereby the rod and bushing arrangement also maintains a constant elevation of the saw pivot head as the saw blade and motor assembly is moved toward and away from the fence during a cutting operation. It should be understood that the saw blade and motor assembly  22  is pivotable about a saw pivot that is part of the saw pivot head, which is attached to the horizontal hinge linkage. The saw blade and motor assembly can be pivoted up out of contact with a work piece or moved down into contact with a work piece during a cutting operation as is conventional for miter saws.  
         [0021]     Such hinge linkages have a cost advantage compared to conventional bushing and rod guides because they have a simpler construction, which may comprise as few as two generally planar shaped linkages that are connected together by shafts that may preferably incorporate rotary bushings or low cost ball bearings and which are also linked to the support frame of the rotatable table as well as to the saw pivot head. Tight tolerance fits between hinge components are relatively easier to achieve using low cost ball bearings that are preloaded in the axial direction so that nearly all axial and radial play is removed. In contrast, conventional bushings and sliding rod systems require expensive manufacturing processes to ensure that the outside surface of the rod is precise over its entire length. Another advantage of the use of hinge linkages is that their stiffness characteristics are determined primarily from the width of the hinge linkages as measured along the pivot, i.e., shaft axis. Thus, increased system stiffness can be achieved by making the hinge larger and this is generally less expensive than using larger rods and bushings.  
         [0022]     As previously mentioned, the horizontal hinge linkage pivots around axes that are parallel to the cutting plane of the blade and therefore provides increased stiffness along the axis of rotation of the saw blade and because of this desirable characteristic, the length of the hinge shafts is greater than other shaft lengths such as those used in the vertical hinge linkage. The structural stiffness is very important to the quality of cuts made by the saw. Without the requisite structural stiffness, it is common for the saw blade to deflect out of the desired cutting plane on an intermittent basis which can result in one or more cut discontinuities or jagged cut portions, rather than a continuous smooth cut at the desired angle.  
         [0023]     Another advantage of the hinge linkage is that it has greatly reduced sensitivity to dirt and grit because the bearing surfaces of a hinge linkage are not exposed but are contained within a ball bearing or short rotary bushing. Such ball bearing or rotary bushings can be relatively easily sealed compared to a rod and bushing system where the entire rod is a critical bearing surface and therefore has to be sealed with a large accordion or bellow shaped fabric or other type of cover which is often easily damaged.  
         [0024]     Turning now to the first preferred embodiment shown in  FIGS. 1-4 , the miter saw, indicated generally at  10 , has a generally circular base  12  with an attached fence  14 , which base supports a rotatable table  16  that has a miter arm control assembly, indicated generally at  18 , for adjusting the rotational position of the table for setting the miter angle of work piece that would be placed on the table  16 . A saw blade and motor assembly, indicated generally at  20 , is operatively connected to the table  16  by a linear guide mechanism, indicated generally at  22 . The saw blade and motor assembly  20  has an electric motor  24  that is operatively connected through a gear mechanism, not shown but located within housing portion  26  that drives a saw blade  28 . A handle  30  enables an operator to move the blade and motor assembly  20  into and out of engagement with a work piece that may be placed on the table  16  adjacent the fence  14 . The blade and motor assembly  20  is pivotable about a saw pivot shaft  32  that is connected to a saw pivot head  34  to which the linear guide mechanism  22  is attached. The blade and motor assembly  20  is shown in  FIG. 1  to be in a position where the blade is moved to its extended position away from the fence  14  and lowered into cutting position were a work piece placed on the table  16 . During operation, an operator places a work piece on the table  16 , brings the handle  30  down into cutting position either before or after activating the motor  24  and then pushes the handle  30  toward the fence  14  to have the blade  28  cut the work piece. At the end of the cut, the blade and motor assembly  20  would be essentially in the position shown in  FIG. 2  where the bottom reach of the blade  28  is generally coextensive with the fence  14 .  
         [0025]     The linear guide mechanism  22  of the first preferred embodiment shown in  FIGS. 1-4  is designed so that the miter saw has a dual bevel operation, rather than a single bevel operation, meaning that the bevel angle can be adjusted either right or left from the normal zero angle or position wherein the plane of the blade  28  is perpendicular to the plane of the top surface of the table  16 . The blade and motor assembly  20  as well as the linear guide mechanism and rotate about a bevel pivot shaft  36 , with the linear guide mechanism having a support frame  38  with a generally cylindrical end portion  40  to which the bevel pivot shaft  36  is connected to. The shaft  36  extends through an opening in an enlarged extension  42  of the table  16 . Thus, the end portion  40  can rotate relative to the extension  42  and be supported by the shaft  36 . The support frame  38  is preferably a casting that has a lower flange  44 , an upper flange  46  as well as vertically oriented flanges  48  and  50 .  
         [0026]     A horizontal hinge linkage is comprised of links  52  and  54  which have adjacent ends connected together by a shaft  56 . The saw pivot head  34  has a pair of spaced flanges  58  as well as a single flange  60  located below the flanges  58 . The link  54  has its opposite end connected to the flanges  58  by a shaft  62 . Similarly, the opposite end of the link  52  is connected to the vertical flanges  48  and  50  by a shaft  64 . As previously mentioned and while not specifically illustrated, the shafts  32 ,  62 ,  56 ,  64 ,  78  and  82  are preferably of the type which utilize rotary bushings or low cost ball bearings so that they are freely rotatable and will have an extended useful life.  
         [0027]     As is best shown in  FIGS. 1 and 2 , the link  52  has a generally L-shaped side configuration with the transverse extension  66  having the aperture in which the shaft  56  is located. This permits the two links  52  and  54  to be folded together in a generally parallel arrangement as shown in  FIG. 2  when the blade and motor assembly  20  is moved into its final cutting position where the blade is adjacent to the fence  14 . As is best shown in  FIG. 4 , the width of the links  52  and  54  is relatively large and therefore the shafts  56 ,  62  and  64  that interconnect the links  52  and  54  with one another and with the saw pivot head  34  and support frame  38  are relatively long. This contributes to the desirable stiffness of the linear guide mechanism which substantially reduces, if not eliminates, any movement by the blade out of the cutting plane which can result in poor quality cutting. Stated in other words, the extremely wide links and their coupling to the saw pivot head and support frame  38  results in high rigidity reducing torsional and linear deflection of the saw blade away from its intended cutting plane which is very desirable from a cut quality standpoint.  
         [0028]     As best shown in  FIG. 4 , the link  52  is not a solid construction, but has side walls  68  and end walls  70  with cross braces  72  provided to provide increased overall strength for the link. The link  54  is similarly constructed as is shown in  FIG. 1 , it also having similarly configured side walls, end walls and cross braces. The hinge links  52  and  54  are preferably die cast aluminum but can be steel stamping if desired.  
         [0029]     The vertical hinge linkage is located below the horizontal hinge linkage and it comprises links  74  and  76  which have adjacent ends connected together by a vertical shaft  78 . The links  74  and  76  are not as wide as the horizontal hinge links  52  and  54  for the reason that their functionality is to maintain the elevation of the saw pivot head  34  constant during movement of the blade and motor assembly  20  toward and away from the fence  14 . Elevational deflections are not as critical for a miter saw cut quality for the reason that the work piece is generally being completely cut through.  
         [0030]     The narrower links  74  and  76  are vertically displaced from one another which requires the elongated vertical shaft  78  to extend to interconnect them. The link  74  is located between the horizontal flanges  44  and  46  and is pivotally connected to these flanges by a shaft  80 . Similarly, the link  76  has spaced flange portions that are connected to the flange  60  by a shaft  82 . As is shown in  FIG. 1 , the flange  60  is located beneath the near flange  58  and the flanges  44  and  46  are also located beneath the vertical flanges  48  and  50 , and the shaft  78  that interconnects the links  74  and  76  extends away or to the left side of the saw (as viewed from the handle  30 ) so that when the vertical and horizontal linkages are folded together as shown in  FIG. 2 , little if any portion of the links extend outside of the width of the flanges  48  and  50 . This is significant in that changing of the bevel angle of the blade and motor assembly  20  can be accomplished in either the left or right direction and the hinge linkages will not interfere with the dual bevel adjusting capability.  
         [0031]     It should also be apparent from  FIG. 2  that when the blade and motor assembly  20  are moved as far toward the fence  14  as is possible, the linkages do not extend in any rearward direction beyond the original position end of the support frame  38 . This enables the miter saw to be placed near a wall, for example, and be fully operational, unlike many conventional sliding rod and bushing configurations of compound miter saws.  
         [0032]     A second preferred embodiment is shown in  FIGS. 5-8  and have many similar components as the embodiment shown in  FIGS. 1-4 . In the following description, components that are labeled with the same numbers as those shown and described with regard to the first preferred embodiment are substantially similar in their design, configuration and operation and therefore will not be described in detail. Components with reference numbers having a prime or double prime designation are similar to those that are identified with regard to the embodiment shown in  FIGS. 1-4 , but may have some structural differences which are apparent or which will be generally described or which will be given different numbers than those illustrated in  FIGS. 1-4 .  
         [0033]     The second preferred embodiment is indicated generally at  100  in  FIGS. 5-8  and has many similarities to the first preferred embodiment, but while the first embodiment is a dual bevel configuration saw, the second embodiment saw  100  is a single bevel configuration. The links  74 ′ and  76 ′ are connected together by a shaft  78 ′ that is not as long as the shaft  78  of the first preferred embodiment, because the links  74 ′ and  76 ′ are vertically adjacent one another rather than being spaced apart. Also, the link  76 ′ is at an elevation that is substantially similar to the elevation of the link  54 ′ and therefore unable to fold toward the link  52 ″ and  54 ′. Thus, the connection between link  74 ′ and  76 ′ extends outwardly away from the links  52 ′ and  54 ′. Because of the outward extension, particularly when it is folded as shown in  FIGS. 6 and 8 , the links interfere with other portions of the saw  100  when the saw would be pivoted in the counterclockwise direction as shown in  FIG. 8 . Therefore, the single bevel operation of this second preferred embodiment is in the clockwise direction as shown in  FIG. 8 .  
         [0034]     A third preferred embodiment of the invention is the saw  1   10  that is shown in  FIGS. 9-12  is less detail than the embodiments of  FIGS. 1-8 . Saw  110  has a horizontal hinge linkage comprising links  52 ″ and  54 ″ that are interconnected and operate substantially similar to those described in the embodiments of  FIGS. 1-8 . The saw pivot head  34 ″ has a slightly different configuration and the end of the link  54 ″ is connected to the saw pivot shaft  32  which is also journaled in the saw pivot head  34 ″. An elongated rod  112  is journaled in a bushing (not shown but located in the upper end of support frame  38 ) and maintains the saw pivot head  34 ″ at a constant elevation as the blade and motor assembly  22  moves the blade  28  toward the fence  14 . Only one rod  112  is provided for the reason that control of the saw blade cutting plane is provided by the horizontal hinge linkage, as is the case with the other embodiments shown in  FIGS. 1-8 , and the only function that is performed by the rod  112  is to keep the pivot head  34 ″ at a constant elevation during operation. In this regard, the blade and motor assembly  20  is shown in its retracted position in  FIGS. 9 and 10  and in the cutting position in  FIG. 11  where the blade  28  is adjacent the fence  14 . In the position shown in  FIG. 11 , it is apparent that the rod  112  will extend beyond the rear surface of the support frame  38 ″ which requires a larger footprint in that it would not be possible to place the saw  110  with the support frame  38 ″ located close to a wall or other similar surface. Thus, while this embodiment does not have the space advantages of the first and second preferred embodiments, this embodiment has the advantage of controlling the saw blade cutting plane by a generally horizontal hinge as is achieved in all embodiments and only one rod and bushing combination is required which provides a cost benefit compared to conventional arrangements which have a pair of rod and bushing configurations.  
         [0035]     While various embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it should be understood that other modifications, substitutions and alternatives are apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art. Such modifications, substitutions and alternatives can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which should be determined from the appended claims.  
         [0036]     Various features of the invention are set forth in the following claims.