Abstract:
Auxiliary element for the segmented distalisation of the posterior jawbone sector from canine to molar in orthodontic treatment. The element consists of two elements, a mesial segment composed of an anterior enlargement which with its inner base is fixed to the canine by means of adhesive and with its external portion facilities retention of an elastic element, an arched extension in the shoulder, finished off by a ball-and-socket member at its end which is introduced into a receptacle located in the middle portion and outside of the distal segment by its base is joined by means of adhesive to the upper molar, wherein the device can advantageously be produced from translucent or transparent materials.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS  
       [0001]     This application is a continuation-in-part application of application Ser. No. 11/181,444 filed Jul. 14, 2005, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference; which is a continuation application of application Ser. No. 10/490,620 filed Mar. 24, 2004, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,976,839, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference; which is the United States national phase of PCT application number PCT/ES02/00463 filed Oct. 3, 2001, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference; which claims priority to Spanish patent application number 0202219 filed Oct. 1, 2002, currently pending, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference; which claims priority to Spanish patent application number 0102210 filed Oct. 3, 2001, currently pending, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.  
     
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD  
       [0002]     This invention relates to the field of orthodontic devices, and more particularly to an auxiliary element for the segmented distalisation of the posterior jawbone sector from canine to molar.  
       BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
       [0003]     The present invention relates to an auxiliary element for the segmented distalisation of the posterior jawbone sector from canine to molar in orthodontic treatment which is to improve, both mechanically and aesthetically, the elements which, with this same function, are currently being used.  
         [0004]     The use of auxiliary elements in orthodontic treatment to achieve segmented distalisation by the inverse anchorage method is already known in current practice from the book “El Anclaje Inverso y su Ecuacin” (“Inverse Anchorage and its Equation”), which envisages leaving the premolars free by means of a modular section.  
         [0005]     In current practice the modular section is a segment of rectangular wire which is anchored on an independent element cemented on the molar in the form of a small ring, called a strip, by the distal or posterior part, while the mesial or anterior part is anchored to a bracket cemented directly on the surface of the canine.  
         [0006]     Said modular section is metallic and is constructed by the orthodontist in the clinic, being removable without having to move the posterior or distal strip or the anterior or mesial bracket.  
         [0007]     The function of said modular section is to force the distalisation of the posterior sector of the molar to the canine by using elastic intermaxillary bones.  
         [0008]     Given its characteristics of structural rigidity, it also necessitates, in an active manner, rotation of the upper molar on its palatial root.  
         [0009]     The auxiliary element for the segmented distalisation of the posterior jawbone sector from canine to molar in orthodontic treatment which forms the basis of the present invention is formed by two parts, and anterior or mesial segment which has a blunt projection upwards and forwards, with a retaining function for the use of elastic strips cemented on the vestibular surface of the upper canine being adapted to the curved anatomy of this facet and running up to its distal part in an arched shoulder, but without contacting the vestibular facets of the premolars, until it reaches the vestibular facet of the molar of the same side, finishing in an articulated ball-and-socket member.  
         [0010]     The second segment is that which is cemented on the vestibular facet of the upper molar and consists of a base with blunt curves with a receptacle in its middle and outer parts, intended to house the ball-and-socket member which constitutes the distal element of the mesial segment.  
         [0011]     The multi-direction articular movement, although limited because of the distalisation and rotation of the upper molar on the palatal root, os produced by the effect of the intermaxillary elastic elements.  
         [0012]     Fitting and assembly of the two parts of the sectional apparatus for the distalisation is done before cementing in the patient&#39;s mouth.  
         [0013]     The fundamental advantage of the apparatus of the present invention, with respect to that currently known, lies in the design and in the type of production of the segmented distalisation in which the molar, already known in practice, is forced to rotate by means of the rotation of the activated rectangular arc and is anchored on its vestibular surface, in contrast to the sectional distalisation element, which constitutes the basis of the present invention in which rotation is produced by the exclusive action derived from the use of the elastic intermaxillary elements of class II.  
         [0014]     On the other hand, the configuration of the element facilitates its manufacture with materials which can include translucent or transparent materials which give it aesthetics totally distinctive to those elements currently used and represents an important psychological aid for people who use it.  
         [0015]     A variation of the present invention relates to the type of interrelation between the end of the mesial segment and the distal segment, whose interrelation is achieved by means of a spherical ball-and-socket member and transverse cylindrical articulation bolt which can be fixed in the body of the distal segment, adjusting to an orifice of the ball-and-socket member and allowing rotation thereof, said interconnection being achieved, in another variation, by means of a transverse cylindrical bolt arranged in an orifice of polygonal shape, for example square, of the spherical ball-and-socket member part associated with the distal end of the mesial segment.  
         [0016]     Said variation relates to a new embodiment of the expansion for fastening of the elastic element, which adopts a slim and relatively long structure with a curvature adapted to that of the retaining base of the mesial segment.  
         [0017]     To facilitate explanation, a few pages of drawings accompany the present description, in which by way of illustrative but non-limiting example is shown one embodiment of an auxiliary element for the segmented distalisation of the posterior jawbone sector from canine to molar in orthodontic treatment according to the principles of the present invention.  
     
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0018]     A more complete understanding of the present invention may be had by reference to the following Detailed Description when taken in connection with the accompanying Drawing, wherein:  
         [0019]      FIGS. 1, 2 , and  3  are anterior and posterior plans and elevations of the auxiliary element for the segmented distalisation of the posterior jawbone sector from canine to molar in orthodontic treatment;  
         [0020]      FIGS. 4 and 5  are respective plan views of the zone of connection of the two segments forming the element;  
         [0021]      FIG. 6  is an anterior-posterior view of the assembly according to the present invention;  
         [0022]      FIG. 7  is a plan view of the distal segment;  
         [0023]      FIG. 8  shows the posterior zone of the mesial segment;  
         [0024]      FIGS. 9 and 10  are perspective views of a mesial segment in accordance with the present improvements with respective variations of the housing orifice of the ball-and-socket shaft;  
         [0025]      FIGS. 11, 12 , and  13  show respective details of the expansion of the retaining base of the mesial segment;  
         [0026]      FIGS. 14 and 15  are respective perspective views of the distal segment;  
         [0027]      FIG. 16  is a perspective view of the coupling of the ball-and-socket member of the end of the mesial segment to the distal segment;  
         [0028]      FIGS. 17, 18 ,  19 , and  20  each show sectional details of the coupling of the ball-and-socket member of the mesial segment to the distal segment;  
         [0029]      FIG. 21  is a cross-sectional view of the articulation of the of the mesial and distal segments of another embodiment;  
         [0030]      FIG. 22  is a cross-sectional view of the indicated sectional plane shown in  FIG. 21 ; and  
         [0031]      FIG. 23  is a perspective view of the articulation shown in  FIG. 21 .  
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION  
       [0032]     As may be deduced from the pages of drawings, numerals designating the parts of the element described hereinafter have been used in the description of the auxiliary element for the segmented distalisation of the posterior jawbone sector from canine to molar in orthodontic treatment.  
         [0033]     1. Mesial segment fitted to the canine by its anterior part and to the distal segment by its posterior part.  
         [0034]     2. Distal segment fitted to the molar.  
         [0035]     3. Retaining base of the mesial segment fitted to the canine by means of adhesive.  
         [0036]     4. Retaining base of the distal segment fitted to the molar by means of adhesive.  
         [0037]     5. Rotation limiting shoe for the distal segment.  
         [0038]     6. Rotation limiting flange in contact with  8 .  
         [0039]     7. Ball-and-socket member constituting the posterior end of the mesial segment, moving inside the cavity  13  of the distal segment.  
         [0040]     8. Limit of articular rotational movement between the two segments, complementary to  6 .  
         [0041]     9. Projecting pivot of the cavity  13  of the distal segment for introduction into the slot  10  of the mesial segment to limit rotation thereof on its respective shaft.  
         [0042]     10. Mesial segment slot in which the pivot  9  is introduced.  
         [0043]     11. Blunt projection located in the external part of the anterior end of the mesial segment, running upwards and forwards, the function of which is to allow fixing of an elastic element of class II.  
         [0044]     12. Posterior part of the mesial segment in arched form and finishing in the ball-and-socket member  7 .  
         [0045]     13. Cavity located in the distal segment and in the interior of which the ball-and-socket member  7  is accommodated.  
         [0046]     According to a variation of FIGS.  9  to  20 , the present invention provides an articulation between the mesial segment  101  and the distal segment  102  with spherical terminals  105 , so it fits in the interior of the mating housings  106  of the distal segment carrying the retaining base  104 . The connection between the ball-and-socket member  105  and the coupling  106  is produced, as can be seen in  FIG. 16  onwards, by introducing the spherical end  105  into the coupling  106  with transverse arrangement of a spud shaft  107 ,  FIGS. 17 and 18 , which crosses the distal segment  102  by means of aligned orifices  108  and  109  in which said shaft is fixed by various means, for example rivet heads  110  and  111  and other means, and said spud shaft  107  likewise passing through an orifice  112  of the body  105  of the ball-and-socket member, in which said shaft is rotatably housed. In this manner a very efficient arrangement of the ball-and-socket member is achieved between the end of the mesial segment and the distal segment.  
         [0047]     In addition to the version which has been shown in which the orifice of the spherical end of the ball-and-socket member  105  is circular, it is also possible to produce said orifice with a polygonal section, for example in the form of a square, as designated by the numeral  113  in  FIGS. 19 and 20 . In this case the retaining shaft  114  will equally be circular and have certain play with the walls of the polygonal orifice, allowing highly versatile coupling with the ball-and-socket member.  
         [0048]     The variant which has been described likewise extends to the production of the expansion  115  for retention of the elastic means in the end enlargement  116  of the mesial segment carrying the retaining base  103  of said segment. Said expansion  115  has a slim structure and has a curvature like that of the respective expansion  115 , as can be seen in the Figures.  
         [0049]     In accordance with the present invention the retaining base  104  of the distal segment  102  has, like the base  103  of the other end of the mesial segment, a finish adapted for better retention of the adhesive material, for example a plurality of straight transverse ridges  117  for better retention in the piece of tooth, likewise having an expansion  118  in the lateral part of the respective retaining base  104 , for its adaptation to the vestibular facet of the molar.  
         [0050]     Referring now to  FIGS. 21-23 , another embodiment of the present invention is shown whereby articulation between the median segment and the distal segment is considerably simplified, while allowing the two elements to be connected by pressure, further allowing free rotation within a large sector of the ball joint within its recess in the distal segment and similarly allowing sufficient play in the lateral rotation and on the axis of the median arm so as to allow adjustment of the median segment to the distal segment.  
         [0051]     To achieve this forgoing advantages, the ball joint has a spherical form with two opposed flat polar caps of significant dimensions and with the arm of the median segment inclined at an acute angle to the plane of symmetry of the ball joint. The recess in the distal segment has a form which partially mates with that of the ball joint, with semi-closed edges at the mouth to allow retention of the ball joint by pressure within the recess and with a dimension between faces which is somewhat greater than that of the ball joint so as to allow the lateral play of the median segment at the desired angle.  
         [0052]     Referring again to  FIGS. 21-23 , a ball joint  200  with a curved surface shape, such as a sphere with diametrically opposed planar polar segments  202  and  204  forming respective planar faces which are perpendicular to a diameter  206  of the spherical surface is shown. The remainder of the surface of the ball joint  200  is curved, such as a sphere. A median arm  208  is joined to the ball joint  200 , forming a small angle to the plane of symmetry thereof, the angle being indicated by α in  FIG. 22 .  
         [0053]     A recess  212  of a distal segment  210  has a shape which substantially mates with a portion of the ball joint  200 , having a lateral surplus which allows lateral play and play with respect to the axis of the median arm  208  for adjustment of the median arm  208 . This is illustrated in  FIGS. 21-23 , which show that the recess  212  of the distal segment  210  has a concave bottom surface of spherical shape identical to that of the ball joint  200  and has parallel lateral faces  214  and  216  which are mutually separated by a distance, such as a distance greater than the width of the ball joint  200 , or, stated another way, greater than the distance between the planar polar segments  202  and  204  of the ball joint  200 . The recess  212  also has, in an inlet orifice  218 , an aperture determined by the edges  220  and  222  of the inlet orifice  218 , which has a diameter narrower than the diameter of the ball joint  200  in its spherical portion so as to allow fitting of the ball joint  200  in the interior of the recess  212  of the distal segment  210  intended therefor. Upon the application of pressure, sufficient deformation of the distal segment  210  occurs so as to allow admission of the ball joint  200  and so as to keep the ball joint  200  in place within the distal segment  210 .  
         [0054]     The embodiment of the present invention shown in  FIGS. 21-23  simplifies the production of the distalisation element by eliminating the arrangement of transverse axes and allowing easy fitting of the median segment and sufficient rotation thereof for the correct fitting thereof. Further, different variations of the embodiment shown in  FIGS. 21-23  are envisioned, for example, the planar polar segments  202  and  204  might not be planar, similarly to the lateral faces of the recess  212 . Also, the surface of the ball joint  200  could have a non-spherical curved structure. In addition, the angle α could have a different value.  
         [0055]     Although the present invention is particularly intended for distal occlusions which include canines, premolars and molars, it can also be applied to segments including only molars and premolars and other dental parts.  
         [0056]     Inspection of the drawings and understanding of the use of the elements constituting this application, identified by the aforementioned numerals, demonstrates the great simplicity of the distalising element as well as the simplicity of its positioning and monitoring of its evolution in the mouth of a patient, in such a way as to combine the aesthetic advantage which can be achieved with translucent or transparent materials, all of which is evidence of the advance furnished by the claimed orthodontic device.  
         [0057]     Although preferred embodiments of the invention have been illustrated in the accompanying Drawings and described in the foregoing Detailed Description, it will be understood that the invention is not limited to the embodiments disclosed, but is capable of numerous rearrangements, modifications, and substitutions of parts and elements without departing from the spirit of the invention.