Abstract:
This invention provides a tire monitoring system, comprising a remote tire monitoring unit installed in the tire, a central controller, a speech indicating unit and a brake deceleration mechanism; wherein the remote tire monitoring unit is used to monitor and sample the pressure and temperature within the tire, and generate the sampling data signals of tire conditions which are subsequently wirelessly transmitted to the central controller; the central controller wirelessly receives sampling data signals of tire conditions, and calculates received data signals so as to generate speech indicating order and/or brake deceleration order, and afterward conveys the speech indicating order to the speech indicating unit, while the brake deceleration order to the brake deceleration mechanism; a speech indication unit, provided to receive said speech indication order and output the speech indication information; and a brake deceleration mechanism, provided to receive said brake deceleration order and performs action of brake deceleration so as to provide effective security protection when quick deflation and tire burst suddenly occur in a short time.

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
       [0001]    This application relates to a technical field concerning vehicle-driving safety and, particularly relates to technologies concerning tire pressure, temperature monitoring and driving control and, specifically relates to a tier monitoring system. 
       BACKGROUND ART 
       [0002]    The influence of tire on vehicle-driving safety has been the focus of the vehicle field and the public. Since the Tire Pressure Monitoring System (abbreviated to TPMS) was enforced to be the standard configuration of vehicles in the United States in 2003, TPMS has become a technical term with respect to the vehicle technology, and worldwide research, development and manufacturing of TPMS tends to mount up rapidly. 
         [0003]    The mainstream technical solutions of the current TPMS are: TPMS comprises two parts; remote tire pressure monitoring modules (abbreviated to RTPM) installed within tires of a vehicle, and a central monitor (LCD display) installed in the driving box of a vehicle. Power supplied by lithium thionyl chloride battery, the RTPM installed within each tire monitors and samples tire pressure and temperature therein, and transmits sampling data via high frequency radio wave (RF); four or five (including spare tires) RTPM modules are included in one TPMS. The central monitor receives signals transmitted from the RTPM module and displays in sequence the data of pressure and temperature within each tire on the liquid crystal display panel for driver&#39;s reference; if abnormalities in tire pressure or temperature occur, the central monitor will generate different alerting signals to warn the driver to take necessary measures. The typical technical route or principle block diagram thereof is shown in  FIG. 1 , wherein, 
         [0004]    The RTPM module comprises a plurality of composite parts: 1) an intelligent sensor having pressure, temperature, acceleration, voltage detecting, and post-signal processing ASIC chip assembly; 2) a 4-8 bits micro-computer control unit (MCU); 3) a radio frequency transmission chip; 4) a lithium thionyl chloride battery; and 5) antennas. 
         [0005]    The intelligent sensor, a system-on-chip module made by the technique of silicon micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) comprises a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, an accelerometer, battery voltage detecting, an internal clock, and a digital signal processing ASIC unit having an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), sampling/holding (S/H), SPI ports, calibration, data management and ID code. Said module is provided with mask programmability, which means that customers can use special software to configure said module. 
         [0006]    The current TPMS technique supplies power for RTPM with lithium thionyl chloride battery, wherein as the RTPM is limited by battery capacity, the minimum power design of battery management adopts the solution of after-sampling dormancy and timing wake-up to meet the requirement that the service life of battery can last for 5˜10 years. In the manner of TPMS, pressure data, temperature data and the like are sampled at long intervals, in general, the sampling frequency of the pressure data is ⅓ Hz˜⅛ Hz and the data transmitting frequency is 1/30 Hz˜ 1/80 Hz, accurately controlled by the power management program of RTPM microprocessor. The interval of RTPM timing wakeup of RTPM is regularly set between the range of 3˜8 s. The RTPM module is in a state of dormancy during sampling intervals. 
         [0007]    TPMS has a positive effect on keeping the tire in normal pressure, preventing and reducing accidents caused by tire bursts. However, as the sampling interval of the tire pressure data in the current TPMS system is as much as 3000˜8000 ms, thus there are certain limitations or deficiencies, wherein said system only has the function of indicating information of tire pressure and temperature, and the role said function plays is confined to warning and preventing but cannot make a prompt response to tire burst or quick deflation and cannot provide effective help neither, which are features of the current TPMS technique. Strictly speaking, the current TPMS should be defined as an information indicating and warning system. 
         [0008]    Relevant research materials show that a tire burst suddenly occurs without any evident or definite signs beforehand so that it cannot be avoided once and for all. The reasons for triggering a tire burst lie in that: the rising pressure and temperature within the tire, especially the friction inside the tire (between the rubber and the steel casing ply) induced by over-low tire pressure leads to part of the rubber layer of the tire of high temperature, then the rubber and the casing ply stripping and embrittling, and finally brings on tire burst. The over-low pressure and longtime high speed driving are significant inducements to tire burst. 
         [0009]    The research report “3-Dimensional Simulation of Vehicle Response to Tire Blow-outs” published by Wesley D. Grimes—an American Scholar-shows that when a tire burst happens, the pressure within the tire gets lost within 100 ms, thereby the rolling radius of the burst tire is minishing, and the rolling resistance increases to 30 times more than before bursting; the positive pressure Fz to the ground brought by the tire burst wheel and the wheel in the diagonal line is decreasing, the lateral friction is subsequently declining. The process continues and thus the rim begins to roll the tire until the tire is torn and separated from the rim, so that the lateral friction drops rapidly. During the tire being rolled and torn, the rapid growing of rolling resistance between the tire and the ground renders the wheel converted from rolling to sliding (when the tire burst wheel is a driven wheel), so that a lateral force is formed which impels the vehicle to move in a deviated driving direction. 
         [0010]    Wesley D. Grimes&#39; research report also shows that a simple tire burst will not inevitably cause an accident. Whether the driver makes an appropriate response to and operation on tire burst information or not and the specific conditions of the road where the vehicle is when a tire burst happens are directly linked to the happening of traffic accidents. In particular, over-steer and over-braking (brake dragging) will be likely to induce accidents. On the contrary, proper operation and control (adjusting and maintaining the driving path and braking moderately) will be likely to prevent accidents from happening. 
         [0011]    The conclusion of the research report discloses an extremely significant fact: from the time when 2-3 seconds have passed after tire burst happening and the driver is able to make a response, the moderate operation from the driver on the vehicle are considered to be necessary and indispensable, and plays a significant role in obviating the danger of tire burst. 
       CONTENTS OF THIS INVENTION 
       [0012]    The object of this invention is to provide a tire monitoring system, wherein the current TPMS information warning system is improved and expanded into the information warning and automated driving control system, so as to become an active driving safety security system. 
         [0013]    The technical solutions of this invention lie in that: a tire monitoring system comprises: a remote tire monitoring unit disposed within a tire, a central controller, a speech indicating unit and a brake deceleration mechanism; wherein 
         [0014]    Said remote tire monitoring unit monitors and samples tire pressure at a sampling frequency of 5 Hz˜20 Hz, and wirelessly transmits the sampling data packet signals to the central controller; 
         [0015]    Said central controller wirelessly receives the sampling data packet signals of tire conditions, and processes the received data packet signals by decoding and calculating so as to generate the speech indicating order and/or brake deceleration order, and then sends the speech indicating signals to the speech indicating unit while the brake deceleration order to the brake deceleration mechanism; 
         [0016]    Said speech indicating unit is used to receive said speech indicating order and output the speech indication information; 
         [0017]    Said brake deceleration mechanism is used to receive said brake deceleration order and perform the brake deceleration action. 
         [0018]    Said system is characterized in that said remote tire monitoring unit comprises; a sensor used to monitor and sample tire conditions and output the sampled data signals; a signal processing unit, used to receive and process said sampled data signals and output the data packet signals of tire conditions; a radio-frequency transmission unit, used to transmit said tire condition data packet signals; and a timing wake-up circuit unit, used to keep the sensor, the processing unit and the radio-frequency transmission unit dormant during the sampling intervals so that the battery energy consumed by the remote tire monitoring unit can be reduced. 
         [0019]    said system is characterized in that the wake-up interval of said timing wake-up circuit unit is 50˜200 ms. 
         [0020]    Said system is characterized in that the adopted transmission frequency is 315 MHz or 433 MHz or 866 MHz or other micro-wave bands licensed for civilian use. 
         [0021]    Said system is characterized in that said sensor comprises a pressure sensor and/or a temperature sensor. 
         [0022]    Said system is characterized in that said central controller comprises: 
         [0023]    A frequency-receiving unit used to receive data packet signals of tire conditions; 
         [0024]    A signal processing control unit used to process received data packet signals of tire conditions by decoding and calculating so as to generate tire condition data, and then compare said tire condition data with a preset threshold value range of tire conditions; if said tire condition data fall into the preset range of threshold value, said speech indicating order and/or brake deceleration order will be output. 
         [0025]    Said system is characterized in that the tire condition data comprises: tire burst or quick deflation data; serious air shortage data; air shortage data; normal pressure data and overpressure data, 
         [0026]    Said preset threshold value range of tire conditions indicates: 
         [0027]    Range of tire burst or quick deflation&lt;30% of the normal pressure value of a tire; 
         [0028]    30% of the normal pressure value of a tire&lt;range of serious air shortage&lt;60% of the normal pressure value of a tire; 
         [0029]    60% of the normal pressure value of a tire&lt;range of air shortage&lt;80% of the normal pressure value of a tire; 
         [0030]    80% of the normal pressure value of a tire&lt;range of normal air pressure&lt;120% of the normal pressure value of a tire; 
         [0031]    Range of overpressure&gt;120% of the normal pressure value of a tire; 
         [0032]    If said tire condition sampling data fall into the range of “&gt;30% of the normal pressure value of a tire”, only speech indicating order will be output. After receiving the speech indicating order, said speech indicating unit outputs the corresponding speech indication information at a preset indicating frequency; 
         [0033]    If said tire condition sampling data fall into the range of “&lt;30% of the normal pressure value of a tire”, speech indicating order and brake deceleration order will be output; 
         [0034]    Said system is characterized in that the signal processing control unit is provided with a following function that the brake deceleration order performs following the burst tire pressure sampling data signals, that is to say, the interruption of sampling data of tire burst or quick deflation will bring the interruption of the brake deceleration order. 
         [0035]    Said system is characterized in that, said speech indicating unit comprises speech synthesizing circuit receiving speech indicating order transmitted from the central controller and generates speech alerting indication with the prerecorded and stored speech synthesis. 
         [0036]    This invention is effective in the following aspects; 
         [0037]    1. The replacement of the LCD real-time information display with the speech indication alarm releases driver&#39;s load of information quantity, which plays an positive role in driving safety; 
         [0038]    2. The speech indication can be performed at a proper frequency. With respect to the conditions like tire air shortage, overpressure and over high temperature, except tire burst or quick deflation, the speech indicating frequency can be set between 1/60 Hz˜ 1/600 Hz so as to weaken the disturbance on the driver from the alerting information; 
         [0039]    3. On the basis of the function of monitoring tire pressure, this invention can provide effective security protection as to quick deflation and tire burst in a short period. In particular, this invention can make up the limitation of the brake reaction time, which plays an extremely important role in obviating the risk of tire burst. This function possesses creative improvement and substantive progress compared with functions of the current TPMS. 
         [0040]    The technical solution of this invention maintains and further improves the function of monitoring TPMS tire pressure and can perform active rescue after tire burst as well. Therefore, it is a comprehensive system with a combining function of preventing and rescuing and thus belongs to an active driving safety securing system. 
     
    
     
       DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0041]      FIG. 1  is a block diagram of the current TPMS technical solutions; 
           [0042]      FIG. 2  is a block diagram of the technical solutions of this invention; 
           [0043]      FIG. 3  is a flow chart of the control process of the technical solutions of this invention. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
       [0044]    Detailed embodiments of the technical solutions of this invention will be explained as follows with reference to the drawings. 
         [0045]    The technical solutions of this invention are as follows: a tire monitoring system comprises: a remote tire monitoring unit (RTM), a central controller, a speech indicating unit and a brake deceleration mechanism; wherein 
         [0046]    Said remote tire monitoring unit monitors and samples tire pressure at a sampling frequency of 5 Hz˜20 Hz and wirelessly transmits the sampled data packet signals to the central controller; 
         [0047]    Said central controller wirelessly receives sampled data packet signals of tire conditions, and then processes said data packet signals by decoding and calculating so as to generate speech indicating order and/or brake deceleration order, and subsequently sends the speech indicating order to said speech indicating unit while the brake deceleration order to said brake deceleration mechanism; 
         [0048]    Said speech indicating unit is used to receive said speech indicating order and output speech indication information; 
         [0049]    Said brake deceleration mechanism is used to receive said brake deceleration order and perform brake deceleration action. 
         [0050]    The remote tire monitoring unit according to this invention, comprises; a sensor used to monitor and sample tire conditions and output the sampled data signals; a signal processing unit, used to receive and process said sampled data signals and output the data packet signals of tire conditions; a radio-frequency transmission unit, used to transmit said data packet signals of tire conditions; a timing wake-up circuit unit, used to keep the sensor, the processing unit and the radio-frequency transmission unit dormant during the sampling intervals so that the battery energy consumed by the remote tire monitoring unit can be reduced. 
         [0051]    According to said system, the adopted radio-frequency is microwave 315 MHz or 433 MHz or 866 MHz or other microwave bands licensed for civilian use. 
         [0052]    As shown in  FIG. 2 , compared with the technical solutions of the current TPMS, the technical solutions of this invention retain the basis of the TPMS technical solutions in the aspect of remote tire monitoring unit  1 ′. Based on TPMS, the technical solutions of this invention keep the pressure information warning and indicating function, append the driving disturbance control function, and thereby the central monitor is expanded to the central controller. The rising tire pressure sampling frequency enables the tire remote monitoring unit to timely sample and transmit the emergency signals like tire burst or quick deflation. After receiving tire burst signal data, the central controller promptly sends control command out to drive the driving interference mechanism to perform actions of brake decelerating and narrowing throttle opening, and thereby to slow down and further to obviate the risk of tire burst. 
         [0053]    This invention makes creative improvements in the aspects of tire pressure sampling frequency and timing wakeup circuit. When emergencies like tire burst occur, the pressure within the tire gets completely lose within about 100 ms, to which the monitoring and sampling frequency of the pressure sensor is required to adapt by raising the current sampling frequency ⅓ Hz˜⅛ Hz of TPMS to 10 Hz in order to guarantee the timely sampling of the tire burst signals which will lose within about 100 ms. In general, 10 Hz is the bottom line of the sampling frequency. However, it is still rational and proper to appropriately reduce reaction time in order to prolong the service life of the battery. For instance, in this invention, the sampling frequency of the remote tire monitoring unit  1 ′ (as shown in  FIG. 2 ) is set in the range of 5˜20 Hz. Over-low sampling frequency cannot guarantee timely sampling of burst tire pressure signals while over-high sampling frequency will consume more power uselessly and thus shorten the service life of battery. Therefore, for instance, in this exemplary embodiment, the sampling frequency can be set as 10 Hz to guarantee the timely sampling tire pressure data in emergencies like tire burst. 
         [0054]    Particularly, to reduce battery energy consumed by the remote tire pressure monitoring module, technical solutions of the TPMS adopts a work pattern that the remote tire monitoring unit is kept in dormancy during sampling intervals and is waken up in a manner of timing wakeup. However, the fact that the current TPMS remote module presets one wakeup after a regular time of 3˜8 s evidently cannot accommodate to the work pattern at a high sampling frequency. The exemplary embodiments of this invention improve the interval of wakeup time to within the range of 50˜200 ms. For instance, the interval of wakeup time can be set as 100 ms to achieve the aim that the module is in dormancy in a sampling interval at a sampling frequency of 10 Hz, so that the requirement of power saving at a high sampling frequency can be fulfilled. 
         [0055]    Besides the remote tire monitoring unit  1 ′, the tire monitoring system of this invention also comprises: a central controller, a speech indicating unit and a brake deceleration mechanism. The central controller comprises: a radio-frequency unit provided to receive the tire condition data packet signals; a signal processing control unit provided to decode and calculate the received tire condition data packet signal so as to generate tire condition data which are then compared with a preset threshold value range of tire conditions. If said tire condition data fall into said range, the speech indicating order and/or brake deceleration order are/is output. Said tire condition data include: tire burst or quick deflation data; serious air shortage data; air shortage data, normal pressure data and overpressure data. 
         [0056]    Said preset threshold value range of tire conditions indicates: 
         [0057]    Range of tire burst or quick deflation&lt;30% of the normal pressure value of a tire; 30% of the normal pressure value of a tire&lt;range of serious air shortage 60% of the normal pressure value of a tire; 60% of the normal pressure value tire&lt;range of air shortage&lt;80% of the normal pressure value of a tire; 80% of the normal pressure value of a tire&lt;range of normal air pressure&lt;120% of the normal pressure value of a tire; range of overpressure&gt;120% of the normal pressure of a tire; 
         [0058]    If the tire condition sampling data fall into the range of “&gt;30% of the normal pressure value of a tire” (data within said range are called “warning data”), only the speech indicating order will be output. After receiving said speech indicating order, the speech indicating unit outputs the corresponding speech indication information at a preset speech indicating frequency; 
         [0059]    If tire condition sampling data fall into the range of “&lt;30% of the normal pressure value of a tire” (data within this range are called “control data”), speech indicating order and brake deceleration order will be output. 
         [0060]    As the current remote tire pressure monitoring modules of TPMS are manufactured by several large professional companies, the running program (or specific function index) is designed in a fashion of second development. Therefore, in this invention, the pressure abnormal feature points in the running program are designed according to the aforementioned preset threshold value ranges of tire conditions, wherein the central controller unit (ECU) analyzes and processes received pressure data, and classifies said data according to said threshold value. In addition, the division of pressure areas can be adjusted depending on different vehicle types and different tire pressures. If the pressure warning range needs to be more accurate, the pressure range can be classified into more groups and more specifically. 
         [0061]    The speech interval indication driving function is realized directly by ECU which calculates and identifies received pressure sampling data information. When the condition of information indication is formed, ECU generates driving signals to the speech synthesized circuit according to a regular time interval; the speech synthesized circuit records and stores the corresponding speech synthesis in advance, and generates speech altering indications following the driving order. 
         [0062]    The technical solutions of this invention adopt the manner of speech indication to replace LCD display, which not only avoids disturbance on driving safety from excessive information, but also reduces the difficulty in mounting the product. The central controller is mounted in an appropriate concealment in the vehicle without causing any negative influence on the interior decoration. 
         [0063]    The signal processing control unit of the central controller is provided with a following function that the brake deceleration order performs following the pressure sampling data signals of a burst tire. That is to say, the interruption of the sampling data of tire burst or quick deflation will bring on the interruption of the brake deceleration order. 
         [0064]    The realization of the brake deceleration function in a state of autocontrol should take into consideration false triggering caused by signal disturbance, which should gain special attention when the technical solution of wireless signal transmission is adopted. In practice, as vehicles can be driven in any traffic conditions, the direct consequence of signal disturbance is the consequence caused by false brake brought by false operation on the autocontrol system. Therefore, it is a must to consider or prevent the occurrence of the consequences that are likely to be caused and to suppress the damage of the consequence. In this invention, a special signal disturbance false triggering suppressing program is designed, i.e. the brake deceleration order performs following the sampling data of burst tire pressure. That is to say, the interruption of sampling data of the burst tire pressure will bring on the interruption of the brake deceleration order of the central controller unit (ECU). Therefore, even if one or two disturbing signals cause false brake of the system, due to the incontinuity or irregularity of disturbance signals, ECU is able to make quick recognition so as to suppress or obviate the damage induced by false brake and thereby to obviate harmfulness caused by continuous false brake. 
         [0065]    In the technical solutions of this invention, the brake enforcing mechanism of the automated brake deceleration function, can be realized through adopting the current technology of automated deceleration mechanism, such as the automated brake deceleration mechanism of the automobile rear-end collision system. Moreover, the automated deceleration can be realized by providing a special brake deceleration mechanism having brake power storage, such as the brake deceleration mechanism disclosed in CN ZL00101579.6. 
         [0066]    The speech indication unit of this invention comprises a speech synthesis circuit receiving the speech indication order from the ECU and generating speech alerting indications with prerecorded and stored speech synthesis. 
         [0067]    In the pressure sampling data in the embodiments of this invention, the sending frequency of the warning data (&gt;30% P, P is the normal pressure value of a tire) is set at 1160 Hz, while the sending frequency of the control data (&lt;30% P) is set to be an extremely small interval or consecutively sent with a period lasting for 10 s. 
         [0068]    The flow chart of the system control process of this invention is shown in  FIG. 3 . After being activated, the system first implements the self-testing program to ensure that the system is in a normal work condition; then enters the program of analyzing and processing received data. If abnormalities occur during data transmission, the system identifies the number of the abnormal tire position via the remote monitoring module and generates speech indications; if data transmission is normal, the following steps will be implemented: 
         [0069]    When pressure sampling data received by ECU fall into the range of “&lt;30% P” (within the range of tire burst or quick deflation), ECU performs driving interference control measures, including brake deceleration and narrowing the throttle opening, and generates speech indication as well; 
         [0070]    When sampling data received by ECU fall into the range of “&gt;30% P and &lt;60% P” (within the range of serious pressure shortage), the ECU generates the speech indication of serious pressure shortage at a frequency of 1/60 Hz; 
         [0071]    When sampling data received by ECU fall into the range of “&gt;60% P and &lt;80% P” (within the range of pressure shortage), the ECU generates the speech indication of pressure shortage at a frequency of 1/600 Hz; 
         [0072]    When sampling data received by ECU fall into the range of “&gt;80% P and &lt;120% P” (within the range of normal pressure), the ECU generates the speech indication of normal pressure at a frequency of 1/3600 Hz; 
         [0073]    When sampling data received by ECU fall into the range of “&gt;120% P” (within the range of overpressure), the ECU generates the speech indication of overpressure at a frequency of 1/600 Hz. 
         [0074]    The above specific embodiments are used only to illustrate this invention, not to limit this invention.