Abstract:
pp32 is a member of a highly conserved family of differentiation-regulated nuclear proteins that is highly expressed in nearly all human prostatic adenocarcinomas of Gleason Grade ≧5. This contrasts with the low percentage of prostate tumors that express molecular alterations in proto-oncogens or demonstrate tumor suppressor mutation or loss of heterozygosity. By analysis of specimens of human prostatic adenocarcinoma and paired adjacent normal prostate from three individual patients, the inventors have shown that normal prostate continues to express normal pp32, whereas three of three sets of RT-PCR-amplified transcripts from prostatic adenocarcinomas display multiple cancer-associated coding sequence changes. The cancer-associated sequence changes appear to be functionally significant. Normal pp32 exerts antineoplastic effects through suppression of transformation. In contrast, cancer-associated pp32 variants augment, rather than inhibit, transformation.

Description:
[0001] The work leading to this invention was supported in part by Grant No. RO1 CA 54404 from the National Institutes of Health. The U.S. Government retains certain rights in this invention. 
     
    
     
       BACKGROUND  
         [0002]    1. File of the Invention  
           [0003]    This invention is directed to various members of a gene family with transformation modulating activity, and to diagnostic and gene therapy techniques based on the variants.  
           [0004]    2. Review of Related Art  
           [0005]    Prostatic adenocarcinoma is the most frequent malignancy in adult men with approximately 317,000 new cases diagnosed each year (Parker, et al., CA, 46:8-27, 1996). In spite of the capabilities for early diagnosis and treatment (Potosky, et al., JAMA, 273:548-552, 1995), it represents the second leading cause of cancer death in men following lung cancer.  
           [0006]    To date, the study of alterations in specific genes has not been particularly rewarding in primary prostate cancer. Most alterations in the widely studied oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes occur in only 20-30% of primary prostate carcinomas, except for the myc gene, where overexpression has been observed in as many as 50-60% of such cases (Fleming, et al., Cancer Res., 46:1535-1538, 1986). Up to 40% of primary prostate cancers studied by comparative genomic hybridization display chromosomal aberrations (Visakorpi, et al., Cancer Res., 55:342-347, 1995), although such alterations occur more frequently as tumors recur and become refractory to hormonal therapy. Characterization of candidate proto-oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes at such altered loci may eventually shed light on tumor progression in the prostate.  
           [0007]    pp32 (GenBank HSU73477) is a highly conserved nuclear phosphoprotein. Increased expression of pp32 or closely related species is a frequent feature of clinical cancers. For example, in human prostate cancer, high-level expression of RNA hybridizing with pp32 probes occurs in nearly 90% of clinically significant prostate cancers, in contrast to the substantially lower frequencies of alterations of other oncogenes and tumor suppressors (See U.S. Pat. No. 5,726,018, incorporated herein by reference).  Molecular Features and Activities of pp 32.  
           [0008]    pp32 is a nuclear phosphoprotein that is differentiation-regulated during differentiation of adult prostatic epithelium (Walensky, et al., Cancer Res. 53:4720-4726, 1993). The human pp32 cDNA sequence (Gen-Bank U73477) is 1052 bp in length and encodes a protein of 249 amino acids. The protein is composed of two domains: an amino terminal amphipathic α-helical region containing a leucine zipper, and a highly acidic carboxyl terminal region. The murine and human forms of pp32 are highly conserved with over 90% nucleic acid homology and over 95% protein-level homology.  
           [0009]    Human pp32 has been isolated independently by a number of groups. Vaesen et al. (“Purification and characterization of two putative HLA class II associated proteins: PHAPI and PHAPII.”  Biol. Chem. Hoppe - Seyler.,  375:113-126, 1994) cloned an essentially equivalent molecule, termed PHAPI, from an EBV-transformed human B-lymphoblastoid cell line; PHAPII, cloned by the same strategy, is unrelated to pp32. This study identified PHAPI through its association in solution with human HLA class II protein, noting membrane and cytoplasmic localization as well as nuclear; the gene has putatively been localized to chromosome 15q22.3-q23 by fluorescent in situ hybridization (Fink, et al., “Localization of the gene encoding the putative human HLA class II-associated protein (PHAPI) to chromosome 15q22.3-q23 by fluorescence in situ hybridization.”  Genomics,  29:309-310, 1995). More recently, a group studying inhibitors of protein phosphatases identified pp32 as IIPP2a, an inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2a (Li, et al., “Molecular Identification of II PP2A, a novel potent-heat-stable inhibitor protein of protein phosphatase 2A.”  Biochemistry  35:6998-7002, 1996); another phosphatase inhibitor, I2PP2a, is unrelated to pp32. Interestingly, another recent report (Ulitzur, et al., “Biochemical characterization of mapmodulin, a protein that binds microtubule-associated proteins.”  Journal of Biological Chemistry  272:30577-30582, 1997) identified pp32 as a cytoskeletally-associated cytosolic protein in CHO cells. It is not clear whether this finding stems from a difference in system, or whether pp32 can localize to the cytoplasm under certain circumstances. pp32 has also been identified as LANP, a leucine rich nuclear protein in the central nervous system (Matsuoka, et al., “A nuclear factor containing the leucine-rich repeats expressed in murine cerebellar neurons.  Proc Natl Acad Sci USA  91:9670-9674, 1994).  
           [0010]    There are also a number of reports of gene products bearing lesser degrees of homology to pp32. The Vaesen group has identified a series of unpublished sequences, termed PHAPI2a (EMBL Locus HSPHAPI2A) and PHAPI2b (EMBL Locus HSPHAPI2B), also cloned from an EBV-transformed human B-lymphoblastoid cell line. These variant pp32 sequences are distinct from the sequences reported herein, representing the April protein instead. April, cloned from human pancreas, is shorter than PHAPI2a by two N-terminal amino acids (Mencinger, et al., “Expression analysis and chromosomal mapping of a novel human gene, APRIL, encoding an acidic protein rich in leucines.”  Biochimica et Biophysica Acta,  1395:176-180, 1998, see EMBL Locus HSAPRIL); PHAPI2b is identical to a subset of APRIL. Silver-stainable protein SSP29 (unpublished GenBank Locus HSU70439) was cloned from HeLa cells and is identical to PHAPI2a.  
           [0011]    The nuclear phosphoprotein pp32 has been linked to proliferation. Malek and associates reported that various neoplastic cell lines showed markedly elevated expression levels and that bacterial polysaccharide induced expression of pp32 epitopes by B lymphocytes upon polyclonal expansion (Malek, et al., J. Biol. Chem., 265:13400-13409, 1990). Walensky and associates reported that levels of pp32 expression, measured by in situ hybridization, increased in direct relation to increasing Gleason grade of human prostatic cancers.  
           [0012]    pp32 cDNA probes hybridize strongly with prostatic adenocarcinoma, whereas the hybridization signal in normal prostate is confined to basal cells. Polyclonal anti-pp32 antibodies react strongly with sections of human prostatic adenocarcinoma. The antibodies and riboprobes used by the investigators in previous studies are consistent with cross-reactivities of the reagents with all reported members of the pp32 nuclear phosphoprotein family, therefore, while previous descriptions focused upon pp32, it cannot be excluded that homologous proteins were detected.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0013]    In one aspect, this invention provides a DNA molecule containing at least a portion of the sequence consisting of base pairs 4894-4942 of the sequence shown in FIG. 2 or its complement. Alternatively, the DNA molecule may contain at least a portion consisting of base pairs 4879-4927, or base pairs 4858-4927. Alternatively, this invention provides a DNA molecule that contains at least a portion of a nucleotide sequence encoding amino acid residues 146-163 of tumor-derived pp32r1 sequence; preferably the DNA encodes all of that segment. In one mode, the DNA molecule is an expression vector which expresses said amino acid sequence, and the invention also includes a recombinant cell containing the expression vector. In another mode, the DNA molecule has the particular sequence operatively linked to a promoter in antisense orientation. In another alternative, this invention provides a DNA probe which specifically hybridizes on Northern blot with nucleic acid encoding the amino acids from residue 146-163 of the tumor-derived pp32r1 sequence, a preferred probe would have a sequence of at least 8 contiguous nucleotides “unique” to the nucleotide sequence of the pp32r1 variant as described herein. In yet another alternative, the invention provides a pair of nucleic acid primers each of which comprises at least 10 contiguous nucleotides, at least one of the primers binding specifically to the pp32r1 sequence, where if the primers are used in nucleic acid amplification of a suitable source of human nucleic acid, the amplification will produce an amplified nucleic acid encoding at least residues 146-163 of the pp32r1 sequence.  
           [0014]    In still another aspect, this invention provides antibodies that specifically bind the tumor derived pp32, but do not bind to normal pp32. Preferably, these antibodies are monoclonal antibodies. The invention also provides polypeptides containing epitopes that bind these antibodies.  
           [0015]    In yet another aspect, this invention provides diagnostic methods for predicting malignant potential of neuroendocrine, neural, mesenchymal, lymphoid, epithelial or germ cell derived tumors by determining, in a sample of human neuroendocrine, neural, mesenchymal, lymphoid, epithelial or germ cell derived tissue, the level of, or the intracellular sites of expression of, a gene product expressed from a gene sequence which encodes, inter alia, residues 146-163 of tumor derived pp32r1. Where the gene product is mRNA, the mRNA is extracted from the sample and quantitated, optionally by PCR, or the level of mRNA may be determined by in situ hybridization to a section of the tissue sample. Where the gene product is protein, the determination may include reacting the sample with an antibody that specifically binds to tumor derived pp32, but not to normal pp32. Preferably, the tissue sample is carcinoma tissue. e.g., carcinoma or sarcoma of a tissue selected from the group consisting of epithelial, lymphoid, hematopoietic, mesenchymal, central nervous system and peripheral nervous system tissues, including colon carcinoma, prostate carcinoma and non-Hodgkin&#39;s lymphoma.  
           [0016]    In still another aspect, this invention provides an androgen-activated transcriptional promoter which may be inserted into recombinant DNA molecules. The minimal promoter is made up of a transcription initiation site and at least one binding site for a steroid hormone receptor protein. Typically the consensus sequence for the steroid hormone receptor protein binding site is positioned within 5000 nucleotide base pairs (bp), more preferably within 3000 bp, or even fewer bp of the transcription initiation site: In a preferred mode, a number of binding sites for steroid hormone receptor proteins are positioned within that distance of the transcription initiation site, the promoter may contain five, ten or even 25 steroid hormone receptor protein binding sites. Preferably, the binding site(s) for steroid hormone receptor protein binding are selected from the consensus sequences listed on Table 1. In a preferred mode of the invention, the androgen-activated transcriptional promoter is operatively linked to an open reading frame comprising at least one exon of a protein coding sequence, operative linking of the open reading frame thereby providing an expression vector in which expression of the open reading frame is regulated by steroids.  
           [0017]    In another aspect, this invention provides a method for screening candidate compounds for pharmacological activity by (1) culturing a cell transfected with the DNA molecule containing the androgen-activated transcriptional promoter which is operatively linked to an open reading frame comprising at least one exon of a protein coding sequence, and (2) determining expression of the open reading frame in the presence and absence of the compound. In a preferred mode the androgen-activated promoter may be all or an operative portion of the sequence in FIG. 2 which is up-stream of the translation initiation site, or alternatively the androgen-activated promoter may be the 2700 bp of the sequence in FIG. 2 which is upstream from the translation initiation site.  
           [0018]    pp32 is a member of a highly conserved family of differentiation-regulated nuclear proteins that is highly expressed in nearly all human prostatic adenocarcinomas of Gleason Grade ≧5. This contrasts with the low percentage of prostate tumors that express molecular alterations in proto-oncogenes or demonstrate tumor suppressor mutation or loss of heterozygosity. By analysis of specimens of human prostatic adenocarcinoma and paired adjacent normal prostate from three individual patients, the inventors have shown that normal prostate continues to express normal pp32, whereas three of three sets of RT-PCR-amplified transcripts from prostatic adenocarcinomas display multiple cancer-associated coding sequence changes. The cancer-associated sequence changes appear to be functionally significant. Normal pp32 exerts antineoplastic effects through suppression of transformation. In contrast, cancer-associated pp32 variants augment, rather than inhibit, transformation. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0019]    [0019]FIG. 1A shows detection of pp32-related mRNA in benign prostate and prostate cancer tissue sections by in situ hybridization.  
         [0020]    [0020]FIG. 1B shows immunohistochemical stain of prostate cancer sections with anti-pp32 antibodies.  
         [0021]    [0021]FIG. 2 shows the genomic sequence of variant pp32r1 isolated from human placenta.  
         [0022]    [0022]FIG. 3 provides a base-by-base comparison of the sequence of pp32r1 (top) with normal human pp32 (bottom). The numbering system for pp32r1 corresponds to FIG. 1, and the numbering system for normal pp32 is taken from Chen, et al. Nucleotide base differences are underlined in the pp32r1 sequence. Sequences within the normal pp32 sequence missing in pp32r1 are represented by dashes. The open reading frame for pp32r1 is indicated by overlining.  
         [0023]    [0023]FIG. 4 shows the alignment of the pp32r1 amino acid sequence (top) with normal human pp32 (bottom). Residue changes are underlined in the pp32r1 sequence. Amino acids missing in the pp32r1 sequence compared to normal pp32 are represented by dashes.  
         [0024]    [0024]FIG. 5 shows the genomic sequence of variant pp32r2.  
         [0025]    [0025]FIG. 6A shows RT-PCR amplification of pp32 and pp32 variants from human prostate cancer and prostate cancer cell line.  
         [0026]    [0026]FIG. 6B shows cleavase fragment length polymorphism analysis of pp32 detects variant pp32 transcripts in human prostate cancer.  
         [0027]    [0027]FIG. 7 shows the alignment of nucleic acid (A) and amino acid (B) sequences from human prostatic adenocarcinoma and prostatic adenocarcinoma cell lines with pp32.  
         [0028]    [0028]FIG. 8 is a bar graph showing ras+myc induced transformed focus formation. Co-transfection with a pp32 expression vector reduces transformation, while co-transfection with a pp32r1 expression vector stimulates transformation.  
         [0029]    [0029]FIG. 9 is a bar graph showing pp32r1 stimulation of ras+myc induced transformed focus formation. Co-transfection with a pp32 expression vector reduces transformation, while co-transfection with expression vectors for pp32r1 sequences from prostate cancer cell lines stimulate transformation.  
         [0030]    [0030]FIG. 10 is a graph of transformation assay results for cells transfected with variant pp32 species, which are shown to stimulate transformation with variable potency. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
       [0031]    The inventors have discovered that phenotypic changes in pp32 are a common feature of human prostate cancer. Previous data show that 87% of prostate cancers of Gleason Score 5 and above express pp32 or closely-related transcripts (U.S. Pat. No. 5,734,022, incorporated herein by reference). This is striking in comparison to the frequency of molecular alterations in other widely studied oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in primary prostatic adenocarcinoma, which occur in a substantially smaller proportion of cases. For example, myc overexpression (Fleming, et al.) occurs in around 60% of cases, and p53 is abnormal in only around 25% of primary tumors (Isaacs, et al., in “Genetic Alterations in Prostate Cancer.”  Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology,  59:653-659, 1994).  
         [0032]    Several lines of evidence suggest that pp32 may act as a tumor suppressor. Functionally, pp32 inhibits transformation in vitro by oncogene pairs such as ras with myc, mutant p53, Ela, or jun, or human papilloma virus E6 and E7 (Chen, et al., “Structure of pp32, an acidic nuclear protein which inhibits oncogene-induced formation of transformed foci.”  Molecular Biology of the Cell,  7:2045-2056, 1996). pp32 also inhibits growth of transformed cells in soft agar (Chen, et al.). In another system, ras-transfected NIH3T3 cells previously transfected to overexpress normal human pp32 do not form foci in vitro or, preliminarily, do not form tumors in nude mice, unlike control cells. In contrast, knockout of endogenous pp32 in the same system by an antisense pp32 expression construct markedly augments tumorigenesis (Example 12 below).  
         [0033]    In clinical prostate cancer, the situation at first appears counterintuitive. Most human prostate cancers seem to express high levels of pp32 by in situ hybridization (see Example 1 below) and stain intensely with anti-pp32 antibodies. Because pp32 inhibits oncogene-mediated transformation (Chen, et al.), its paradoxical expression in cancer was investigated at the sequence level. The paradoxical question of why prostate cancers seem to express high-levels of an anti-oncogenic protein was addressed by comparing the sequence and function of pp32 species from paired normal prostate and adjacent prostatic carcinoma from three patients as well as from four prostate cancer cell lines. It is demonstrated herein that pp32 is a member of a closely-related gene family, and that alternate expression of these closely-related genes located on different chromosomes modulates oncogenic potential in human prostate cancer. The variant pp32 species expressed in prostate cancer are closely related to pp32.  
         [0034]    The present data indicate that prostate cancers express variant pp32 transcripts, whereas adjacent normal prostate expresses normal pp32. Two instances clearly show that expression of alternate genes on different chromosomes can lead to the phenotypic switch, rather than mutation or alternate splicing. This switch in molecular phenotype is accompanied by a switch in functional pp32 phenotype. Normal pp32 is anti-oncogenic in character, in contrast to the pro-oncogenic variant transcripts that foster oncogene-mediated transformation. The high frequency of this abnormality suggests that expression of variant pp32 species may play an etiologic role in the development of human prostate cancer. In addition, these findings have significant diagnostic and prognostic implications.  
         [0035]    Definitions  
         [0036]    In describing the present invention, the following terminology is used in accordance with the definitions set out below.  
         [0037]    Nucleic Acids  
         [0038]    In discussing the structure of particular double-stranded DNA molecules, sequences may be described herein according to the normal convention of giving only the sequence in the 5′ to 3′ direction along the nontranscribed stand of DNA (i.e., the-strand having a sequence homologous to the mRNA).  
         [0039]    A DNA sequence “corresponds” to an amino acid sequence if translation of the DNA sequence in accordance with the genetic code yields the amino acid sequence (i.e., the DNA sequence “encodes” the amino acid sequence): one DNA sequence “corresponds” to another DNA sequence if the two sequences encode the same amino acid sequence.  
         [0040]    Two DNA sequences are “substantially similar” when at least about 90% (preferably at least about 94%, and most preferably at least about 96%) of the nucleotides match over the defined length of the DNA sequences. Sequences that are substantially similar can be identified by the assay procedures described below or by isolating and sequencing the DNA molecules. See e.g., Maniatis et al., infra, DNA Cloning, vols. 1 and II infra: Nucleic Acid Hybridization, infra.  
         [0041]    A “heterologous” region or domain of a DNA construct is an identifiable segment of DNA within a larger DNA molecule that is not found in association with the larger molecule in nature. Thus, when the heterologous region encodes a mammalian gene, the gene will usually be flanked by DNA that does not flank the mammalian genomic DNA in the genome of the source organism. Another example of a heterologous region is a construct where the coding sequence itself is not found in nature (e.g., a cDNA where the genomic coding sequence contains introns, or synthetic sequences having codons different than the native gene). Allelic variations or naturally-occurring mutational events do not give rise to a heterologous region of DNA as defined herein.  
         [0042]    A “coding sequence” or “open reading frame” is an in-frame sequence of codons that (in view of the genetic code) correspond to or encode a protein or peptide sequence. Two coding sequences correspond to each other if the sequences or their complementary sequences encode the same amino acid sequences. A coding sequence in association with appropriate regulatory sequences may be transcribed and translated into a polypeptide in vivo. A polydenylation signal and transcription termination sequence will usually be located 3′ to the coding sequence. A “promoter sequence” is a DNA regulatory region capable of binding RNA polymerase in a cell and initiating transcription of a downstream (3′ direction) coding sequence. Promoter sequences typically contain additional sites for binding of regulatory molecules (e.g., transcription factors) which affect the transcription of the coding sequence. A coding sequence is “under the control” of the promoter sequence or “operatively linked” to the promoter when RNA polymerase binds the promoter sequence in a cell and transcribes the coding sequence into mRNA, which is then in turn translated into the protein encoded by the coding sequence.  
         [0043]    Vectors are used to introduce a foreign substance, such as DNA, RNA or protein, into an organism. Typical vectors include recombinant viruses (for DNA) and liposomes (for protein). A “DNA vector” is a replicon, such as plasmid, phase or cosmid, to which another DNA segment may be attached so as to bring about the replication of the attached segment. An “expression vector” is a DNA vector which contains regulatory sequences which will direct protein synthesis by an appropriate host cell. This usually means a promoter to bind RNA polymerase and initiate transcription of mRNA, as well as ribosome binding sites and initiation signals to direct translation of the mRNA into a polypeptide. Incorporation of a DNA sequence into an expression vector at the proper site and in correct reading frame, followed by transformation of an appropriate host cell by the vector, enables the production of a protein encoded by said DNA sequence.  
         [0044]    An expression vector may alternatively contain an antisense sequence, where a small DNA fragment, corresponding to all or part of an mRNA sequence, is inserted in opposite orientation into the vector after a promoter. As a result, the inserted DNA will be transcribed to produce an RNA which is complementary to and capable of binding or hybridizing with the mRNA. Upon binding to the mRNA, translation of the mRNA is prevented, and consequently the protein coded for by the mRNA is not produced. Production and use of antisense expression vectors is described in more detail in U.S. Pat. No. 5,107,065 (describing and exemplifying antisense regulation of genes in plants) and U.S. Pat. No. 5,190,931 (describing antisense regulation of genes in both prokaryotes and eukarvotes and exemplifying prokaryotes), both of which are incorporated herein by reference.  
         [0045]    “Amplification” of nucleic acid sequences is the in vitro production of multiple copies of a particular nucleic acid sequence. The amplified sequence is usually in the form of DNA. A variety of techniques for carrying out such amplification are described in a review article by Van Brunt (1990,  Bio/Technol.,  8(4):291-294). Polymerase chain reaction or PCR is a prototype of nucleic acid amplification and use of PCR herein should be considered exemplary of other suitable amplification techniques.  
         [0046]    Polypeptides  
         [0047]    For the purposes of defining the present invention, two proteins are homologous if 80% of the amino acids in their respective amino acid sequences are the same; for proteins of differing length, the sequences will be at least 80% identical over the sequence which is in common (i.e., the length of the shorter protein).  
         [0048]    Two amino acid sequences are “substantially similar” when at least about 87% of the amino acids match over the defined length of the amino acid sequences, preferably a match of at least about 89%, more preferably a match of at least about 95%. Typically, two amino acid sequences which are similar will differ by only conservative substitutions.  
         [0049]    “Conservative amino acid substitutions” are the substitution of one amino acid residue in a sequence by another residue of similar properties, such that the secondary and tertiary structure of the resultant peptides are substantially the same. Conservative amino acid substitutions occur when an amino acid has substantially the same charge or hydrophobicity as the amino acid for which it is substituted and the substitution has no significant effect on the local conformation of the protein. Amino acid pairs which may be conservatively substituted for one another are well-known to those of ordinary skill in the art.  
         [0050]    The polypeptides of this invention encompass pp32r1 and pp32r1 analogs, pp32r2 and pp32r2 analogs, along with other variants of pp32 and their analogs. pp32r1 and pp32r2 are naturally occurring, mature proteins, and further encompass all precursors and allelic variations of pp32r1 and pp32r2, as well as including forms of heterogeneous molecular weight that may result from inconsistent processing in vivo. An example of the pp32r1 sequence is shown in FIG. 3, top line. “pp32r1 analogs” are a class of peptides which includes:  
         [0051]    1) “Allelic variations of pp32r1,” which are polypeptides which are substantially similar to pp32r1. Preferably the amino acid sequence of the allelic variation is encoded by a nucleic acid sequence that differs from the sequence of pp32r1 by one nucleotide in 300;  
         [0052]    [0052] 2 ) “Truncated pp32r1 peptides,” which include fragments of either pp32 or allelic variations of pp32r1 that preferably retain either (i) an amino acid sequence unique to pp32r1, (ii) an epitope unique to pp32r1 or (iii) pp32r1 activity;  
         [0053]    3) “pp32r1 fusion proteins,” which include heterologous polypeptides which are made up of one of the above polypeptides (pp32r1, allelic variations of pp32r1 or truncated pp32r1 peptides) fused to any heterologous amino acid sequence.  
         [0054]    “Unique” sequences of the pp32r1 variant according to this invention, either amino acid sequences or nucleic acid sequences which encode them, are sequences which are identical to a sequence of a pp32r1 polypeptide, but which differ in at least one amino acid or nucleotide residue from the sequences of human pp32 (Genbank Locus HSU73477), murine pp32 (Genbank Locus MMU73478), human cerebellar leucine rich acidic nuclear protein (LANP) (Genbank Locus AF025684), murine LANP (Genbank Locus AF022957). IIPP2a or human potent heat-stable protein phospatase 2a inhibitor (Genbank Locus HSU60823), SSP29 (Genbank Locus HSU70439), HLA-DR associated protein 1 (Genbank Locus HSPPHAPI, Accession No. X75090), PHAPI2a (EMBL Locus HSPHAPI2A, Genbank Accession No. Y07569), PHAPI2b (EMBL Locus HSPHAPI2B, Genbank Accession No. Y07570), and April (EMBL Locus HSAPRIL), and preferably, are not found elsewhere in the human genome. (A list of these sequences is provided in Table 3A.) Similarly, an epitope is “unique” to pp32r1 polypeptides if it is found on pp32r1 polypeptides but not found on any members of the set of proteins listed above. Analogs of pp32r2 and unique pp32r2 sequences are defined similarly. Of course, unique sequences of pp32r1 are not found in pp32r2 and vice versa.  
         [0055]    “Variants of pp32” are homologous proteins which differ from pp32 by at least 2 amino acids. In particular, sequence comparison between pp32 and a variant will demonstrate at least one segment of 10 amino acids in which the sequence differs by at least two (2) amino acids. More typically a variant will exhibit at least two such 10 amino acid segments. Preferably, variants of pp32 in accordance with this invention will exhibit differences in functional activity from pp32. In particular, pp32r1 and pp32r2 are variants of pp32 whose activity includes stimulation of transformation in the rat fibroblast transformation assay described herein.  
         [0056]    A composition comprising a selected component A is “substantially free” of another component B when component A makes up at least about 75% by weight of the combined weight of components A and B. Preferably, selected component A comprises at least about 90% by weight of the combined weight, most preferably at least about 99% by weight of the combined weight. In the case of a composition comprising a selected biologically active protein, which is substantially free of contaminating proteins, it is sometimes preferred that the composition having the activity of the protein of interest contain species with only a single molecular weight (i.e.. a “homogeneous” composition).  
         [0057]    As used herein, a “biological sample” refers to a sample of tissue or fluid isolated from a individual, including but not limited to, for example, plasma, serum, spinal fluid, lymph fluid, the external sections of the skin, respiratory, intestinal, and genitourinary tracts, tears, saliva, milk, blood cells, tumors, organs, and also samples of in vivo cell culture constituents (including but not limited to conditioned medium resulting from the growth of cells in cell culture medium, putatively virally infected cells, recombinant cells, and cell components).  
         [0058]    “Human tissue” is an aggregate of human cells which may constitute a solid mass. This term also encompasses a suspension of human cells, such as blood cells, or a human cell line.  
         [0059]    The term “immunoglobulin molecule” encompasses whole antibodies made up of four immunoglobulin peptide chains, two heavy chains and two light chains, as well as immunoglobulin fragments. “Immunoglobulin fragments” are protein molecules related to antibodies, which are known to retain the epitopic binding specificity of the original antibody such as Fab, F(ab)′ 2 , Fv, etc. Two polypeptides are “immunologically cross-reactive” when both polypeptides react with the same polyclonal antiserum.  
         [0060]    General Methods  
         [0061]    The practice of the present invention employs, unless otherwise indicated, conventional molecular biology, microbiology, and recombinant DNA techniques within the skill of the art. Such techniques are well known to the skilled worker and are explained fully in the literature. See, e.g., Maniatis, Fritsch &amp; Sambrook, “Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual” (1982); “DNA Cloning: A Practical Approach,” Volumes I and II (D. N. Glover, ed., 1985); “Oligonucleotide Synthesis” (M. J. Gait. ed., 1984); “Nucleic Acid Hybridization” (B. D. Hames &amp; S. J. Higgins, eds., 1985): “Transcription and Translation” (B. D. Hames &amp; S. J. Higgins, eds., 1984): “Animal Cell Culture” (R. I. Freshney, ed., 1986); “Immobilized Cells and Enzymes” (IRL Press, 1986); B. Perbal, “A Practical Guide to Molecular Cloning” (1984), and Sambrook, et al., “Molecular Cloning: a Laboratory Manual” (1989).  
         [0062]    pp32 Related Genomic DNA  
         [0063]    Screening a human genomic library in bacteriophages with probes generated from human pp32 cDNA yielded a new sequence that contained an open reading frame encoding a protein homologous with pp32 (see Example 2; pp32 sequence, reported in Chen, et al.,  Mol. Biol. Cell,  7:2045-2056, 1996). While the pp32r1 and pp32r2 sequences (see FIGS. 2 and 5) are substantially homologous to pp32, multiple single nucleotide base changes and short deletions suggest that they are encoded by gene distinct from pp32 gene. The pp32 family also includes substantially homologous polypeptides reported by others: HLA-DR associated protein 1 (Vaesen, 1994), leucine-rich acidic nuclear protein (Matsuoka, 1994), and protein phosphatase 2A inhibitor (Li, 1996).  
         [0064]    DNA segments or oligonucleotides having specific sequences can be synthesized chemically or isolated by one of several approaches. The basic strategies for identifying, amplifying and isolating desired DNA sequences as well as assembling them into larger DNA molecules containing the desired sequence domains in the desired order, are well known to those of ordinary skill in the art. See. e.g., Sambrook, et al., (1989); B. Perbal, (1984). Preferably, DNA segments corresponding to all or a part of the cDNA or genomic sequence of pp32r1 may be isolated individually using the polymerase chain reaction (M. A. Innis, et al., “PCR Protocols: A Guide To Methods and Applications.” Academic Press, 1990). A complete sequence may be assembled from overlapping oligonucleotides prepared by standard methods and assembled into a complete coding sequence. See, e.g., Edge (1981)  Nature  292:756: Nambair, et al. (1984)  Science  223:1299: Jay, et al. (1984)  J. Biol. Chem.,  259:6311.  
         [0065]    The assembled sequence can be cloned into any suitable vector or replicon and maintained there in a composition which is substantially free of vectors that do not contain the assembled sequence. This provides a reservoir of the assembled sequence, and segments or the entire sequence can be extracted from the reservoir by excising from DNA in the reservoir material with restriction enzymes or by PCR amplification. Numerous cloning vectors are known to those of skill in the art, and the selection of an appropriate cloning vector is a matter of choice (see, e.g., Sambrook, et al., incorporated herein by reference). The construction of vectors containing desired DNA segments linked by appropriate DNA sequences is accomplished by techniques similar to those used to construct the segments. These vectors may be constructed to contain additional DNA segments, such as bacterial origins of replication to make shuttle vectors (for shuttling between prokaryotic hosts and mammalian hosts), etc.  
         [0066]    Procedures for construction and expression of proteins of defined sequence are well known in the art. A DNA sequence encoding pp32r1, pp32r2, or an analog of either pp31R1 or pp32r2, can be synthesized chemically or prepared from the wild-type sequence by one of several approaches, including primer extension, linker insertion and PCR (see, e.g., Sambrook, et al.). Mutants can be prepared by these techniques having additions, deletions and substitutions in the wild-type sequence. It is preferable to test the mutants to confirm that they are the desired sequence by sequence analysis and/or the assays described below. Mutant protein for testing may be prepared by placing the coding sequence for the polypeptide in a vector under the control of a promoter, so that the DNA sequence is transcribed into RNA and translated into protein in a host cell transformed by this (expression) vector. The mutant protein may be produced by growing host cells transfected by an expression vector containing the coding sequence for the mutant under conditions whereby the polypeptide is expressed. The selection of the appropriate growth conditions is within the skill of the art.  
         [0067]    The assembled sequence can be cloned into any suitable vector or replicon and maintained there in a composition which is substantially free of vectors that do not contain the assembled sequence. This provides a reservoir of the assembled sequence, and segments or the entire sequence can be extracted from the reservoir by excising from DNA in the reservoir material with restriction enzymes or by PCR amplification. Numerous cloning vectors are known to those of skill in the art, and the selection of an appropriate cloning vector is a matter of choice (see, e.g., Sambrook, et al., incorporated herein by reference). The construction of vectors containing desired DNA segments linked by appropriate DNA sequences is accomplished by techniques similar to those used to construct the segments. These vectors may be constructed to contain additional DNA segments, such as bacterial origins of replication to make shuttle vectors (for shuttling between prokaryotic hosts and mammalian hosts), etc.  
         [0068]    Producing the Recombinant Peptide  
         [0069]    Preferably, DNA from the selected clones should be subcloned into an expression vector, and the protein expressed by cells transformed with the vector should be tested for immunoreactivity with antibodies against the recombinant protein of this invention prepared as described below. Such subcloning is easily within the skill of the ordinary worker in the art in view of the present disclosure. The amino acid coding region of the DNA sequence of this invention may be longer or shorter than the coding region of the disclosed sequence, so long as the recombinant peptide expressed by the DNA sequence retains at least one epitope cross-reactive with antibodies which are specifically immunoreactive with pp32r1, pp32r2; or other pp32 variant as desired. The preparation of selected clones which contain DNA sequences corresponding to all or part of the sequence of pp32r1 or pp32r2 may be accomplished by those of ordinary skill in the art using conventional molecular biology techniques along with the information provided in this specification.  
         [0070]    It is possible to purify a pp32 variant protein such as pp32r1, which is cross-reactive with antibodies specific for pp32, from an appropriate tissue/fluid source; however, a cross-reactive pp32 variant, or analog thereof, may also be produced by recombinant methods from a DNA sequence encoding such a protein or polypeptide. Polypeptides corresponding to the recombinant protein of this invention may be obtained by transforming cells with an expression vector containing DNA from a clone selected from an mammalian (preferably human) library as described herein. Suitable expression vector and host cell systems are well known to those of ordinary skill in the art, and are taught, for instance, in Sambrook, et al., 1989. The peptide may be obtained by growing the transformed cells in culture under conditions wherein the cloned DNA is expressed. Of course, the peptide expressed by the clone may be longer or shorter than pp32r1 or pp32r2, so long as the peptides are immunologically cross-reactive. Depending on the expression vector chosen, the peptide may be expressed as a fusion protein or a mature protein which is secreted or retained intracellularly, or as an inclusion protein. The desired polypeptides can be recovered from the culture by well-known procedures, such as centrifugation, filtration, extraction, and the like, with or without cell rupture, depending on how the peptide was expressed. The crude aqueous solution or suspension may be enriched for the desired peptide by protein purification techniques well known to those skilled in the art. Preparation of the polypeptides may include biosynthesis of a protein including extraneous sequence which may be removed by post-culture processing.  
         [0071]    Using the nucleotide sequences disclosed herein and the polypeptides expressed from them, antibodies can be obtained which have high binding affinity for pp32r1 or pp32r2, but much lower affinity for pp32 and/or other variants of pp32. Such antibodies, whether monoclonal or purified polyclonal antibodies can be used to specifically detect pp32r1 or pp32r2. Techniques for preparing polypeptides, antibodies and nucleic acid probes for use in diagnostic assays, as well as diagnostic procedures suitable for detection of pp32 are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,726,018 and 5,734,022, incorporated herein by reference, and these techniques may be applied to pp32r1 or pp32r2 by substitution of the nucleic acid sequences disclosed herein. Similar substitution may be applied to other variants of pp32.  
         [0072]    pp32r1 Promoter Sequence  
         [0073]    Multiple consensus sequences for binding active steroid receptors found in genomic sequences upstream from the pp32r1 coding region are consistent with hormone regulation of gene expression. The consensus sequences were associated with the both induction and repression of expression by steroid hormones. The combination of both positively and negatively acting elements suggests complex regulation of pp32r1 expression.  
         [0074]    Possible steroid hormone regulation of pp32r1 expression is important in regard to prostate cancer. While about one-half of treated patients initially respond to androgen ablation, subsequent hormone refraction and continued aggressive tumor growth is common (Garnick, M. B., “Prostate Cancer,” in  Scientific American Medicine , Dale, D. C. and Federman, D. D. Eds., Scientific American Inc., New York. 1995). Many different steroid hormones regulate the growth of prostate cancer cells (Huggins, et al., “Studies on prostate cancer: I. The effect of castration, of estrogen, and of androgen injection on serum phosphatases in metastatic carcinoma of the prostate,”  Cancer Res.,  1:293, 1941). These findings established a basis for androgen ablation therapy for the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer.  
         [0075]    The present invention provides androgen-activated promoters based on the upstream portion of the genomic sequence in FIG. 2. The promoter sequence provided by this invention is bounded at its 3′ terminus by the translation start codon of a coding sequence and extends upstream (5′ direction) to include at least the number of bases or elements necessary to initiate transcription at levels above background. Within the promoter sequence will be found a transcription initiation site (conveniently defined by mapping with nuclease S1), a protein binding domain (consensus sequence) within about 100 bases upstream of the transcription initiation site generally designated the TATA box (a binding site for TATA box binding proteins and RNA polymerase), and various other protein binding domains (consensus sequences) upstream of the TATA box that modulate the basic transcriptional activity of the transcription initiation site and the TATA box. The various other protein binding domains preferably contain recognition sequences shown in Table 1 for binding (1) androgen receptors, estrogen receptors, glucocorticoid receptors, and progesterone receptors; (2) transcription factors containing the leucine zipper motif including, but not limited to Fos, Jun, JunB, and Myc; and, (3) certain tissue specific transcription factors including, but not limited to GATA-1 and GATA-2. The various other protein binding domains upstream of the TATA box may contribute to specificity (tissue specific expression), accuracy (proper initiation), and strength (transcription frequency) of the promoter. The promoter elements may serve overlapping functions so that the promoter may function in the absence of subsets of these elements.  
         [0076]    Therapy  
         [0077]    Inhibition of function of protransforming variants of pp32 by any means would be expected to be an avenue of therapy.  
         [0078]    U.S. Pat. No. 5,726,018, incorporated herein by reference, describes various therapeutic avenues which may be applied by the skilled worker based on the nucleotides and protein sequences disclosed herein. In a particular embodiment, all or a portion of the sequence of pp32r1 or pp32r2 may be supplied in the antisense orientation to block expression of the variants found in carcinomas particularly prostate cancer. Suitable methods for preparation of antisense expression vectors and administration of antisense therapy may be found in U.S. Pat. No. 5,756,676, incorporated herein by reference. Prescreening of the patient population using the diagnostic methods described herein to identify patients having tumors expressing the particular pp32 variant is preferred.  
         [0079]    Screening for compounds having therapeutic effects in prostate cancer may also be facilitated by the present invention. Studies which may be used to screen candidate compounds are described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,756,676, incorporated herein by reference, modified by the use of cell lines which express particular variants of pp32 (see, e.g., Examples below). Compounds which affect steroid dependent protein expression may also be detected according to this invention by similar screening studies using an androgen-activated promoter as provided herein operatively coupled to a DNA sequence whose expression may be detected. (Marker sequences are well known in the art, see, e.g., Sambrook, et al., and selection of an appropriate detectable expression marker is a routine matter for the skilled worker.) Screening by testing the effect of candidate compounds on recombinant cells containing an expression vector having an androgen-activated promoter operatively coupled to an expression marker, with appropriate controls, is within the skill of the art, in view of the promoter sequences provided herein. In one aspect, this invention provides a method for screening candidate compounds for pharmacological activity by (1) culturing a cell transfected with the DNA molecule containing an androgen-activated transcriptional promoter which is operatively linked to an open reading frame comprising at least one exon of a protein coding sequence, and (2) determining expression of the open reading frame in the presence and absence of the compound. In a preferred mode the androgen activated promoter may be the portion of the sequence in FIG. 2 which is up-stream of the translation initiation site, or alternatively the androgen activated promoter may be the 2700 bp upstream from the translation initiation site.  
         [0080]    Diagnostic Methods Based on the pp32 Gene Family  
         [0081]    In one aspect, this invention provides methods for detecting and distinguishing among members of the pp32 gene family. As explained herein, the presence of one or more members of the gene family may be detected using assays based on common structures among the members resulting from common or similar sequences. For example, polyclonal antibodies elicited by pp32 will cross-react with pp32r1 and pp32r2, including various alleles of these pp32 variants. Similarly, the full coding region of the pp32 cDNA will hybridize under suitable conditions with nucleic acid encoding any of the variants, as shown by the in situ detection of the variants in tumor sections which were subsequently shown to contain either pp32r1 or pp32r2 allelic forms (Example 1). Selection of conditions that promote the immune cross-reactivity or cross-hybridization necessary for such detection is within the skill of the art, in view of the examples provided herein. For example, by using large nucleotide probes in hybridization experiments, the effects of one or a few differences in sequence may be overcome, i.e., larger probes will bind to more dissimilar target sequences, in contrast to shorter probes for which each nucleotide makes a larger percentage contribution to the affinity, and a single nucleotide alteration will cause a greater relative reduction in hybridization efficiency. Typically probes of 50 or more nucleotides are used to find homologues to a given sequence, and the studies reported in Example 1 used the entire sequence of pp32 as a probe to find cells expressing homologous members of the gene family other than pp32. Likewise, polyclonal antisera elicited to an antigen having multiple epitopes is more likely to cross-react with a second antigen that has a few of the same epitopes along with many different epitopes, while a monoclonal antibody or even a purified polyclonal antiserum might not bind to the second antigen.  
         [0082]    In addition to determining the presence of one or more members of the pp32 gene family, this invention also provides methods for distinguishing among members. Determining which pp32 variant may be useful, for instance, to determine whether a transfomation promoting or suppressing variant is present in a tissue sample. Suitable methods for distinguishing include both immunoassay and nucleic acid binding assays. Preferred are methods which can detect a 10-fold difference in the affinity of the detecting ligand (e.g., antibody or oligonucleotide) for the target analyte. Such methods are well documented for other systems, and may be adopted to distnguish between pp32 variants by routine modification of such methods in view of the guidance provided herein.  
         [0083]    Protein level assays may rely on monoclonal or purified polyclonal antibodies of relatively greater affinity for one variant compared to another (see, e.g., Smith, et al. (“Kinetics in interactions between antibodies and haptens,” Biochemistry, 14(7):1496-1502, 1975, which shows that the major kinetic variable governing antibody-hapten interactions is the rate of dissociation of the complex, and that the strength of antibody-hapten association is determined principally by the activation energy for dissociation), and Pontarotti, et al.(“Monoclonal antibodies to antitumor Vinca alkaloids: thermodynamics and kinetics,” Molecular Immunology, 22(3):277-84, 1985, which describes a set of monoclonal antibodies that bind various dimeric alkaloids and can distinguish among the alkaloid haptens due to different relative affinities of the various monoclonal antibodies for particular dimeric alkaloids), each of which is incorporated herein by reference). Suitable modifications of the conditions for immunoassays to emphasize the relative affinity of monoclonal antibodies with different affinity are also discussed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,759,791, incorporated herein by reference.  
         [0084]    A number of methods are available which are capable of distinguishing between nucleic acid sequences which differ in sequence by as little as one nucleotide. For example, the ligase chain reaction has been used to detect point mutations in various genes (see. e.g., Abravaya, et al., “Detection of point mutations with a modified ligase chain reaction (Gap-LCR).”  Nucleic Acids Research,  23(4):675-82, 1995, or Pfeffer, et al., “A lipase chain reaction targeting two adjacent nucleotides allows the differentiation of cowpox virus from other Orthopoxvirus species,”  Journal of Virological Methods,  49(3):353-60, 1994, each of which is incorporated herein by reference). Amplification of a sequence by PCR also may be used to distinguish sequences by selection of suitable primers, for example, short primers, preferably 10-15 matching nucleotides, where at least one of the primers has on the 3′ end a unique base that matches one variant but not other variants, and using annealing conditions under which the primer having the unique base has at least a ten-fold difference in dissociation rate between the fully matching variants and variants which do not fully match. Similar differentiation may be achieved in other methods dependent on hybridization by using short probes (typically under 50 bp, preferably 25 bp or less more preferably less than 20 bp or even 10-12 bp) by adjusting conditions in hybridization reactions to achieve at least a ten-fold difference in dissociation rate for the probes between the fully matching variants and variants which do not fully match. Cleavase fragment length polymorphism may also be used, and a specific example below provides guidance from which the skilled worker will be able to design similar studies by routine selection of other cleavase enzymes in view of the sequences provided herein.  
         [0085]    The diagnostic methods of this invention may be used for prognostic purposes and patient differentiation as described herein. In particular, the methods of this invention allow differentiation between products expressed from the various sequences disclosed in FIG. 7. Preferred methods are those that detect and/or differentiate, between pp32, pp32r1, and/or pp32r2. Situations in which differentiation between pp32 variants will be of benefit will be readily apparent to the skilled clinician, in view of the present disclosure. Selection among the diagnostic methods provided by this invention of a suitable technique to achieve the desired benefit is a routine matter for the skilled clinician.  
       EXAMPLES  
       [0086]    In order to facilitate a more complete understanding of the invention, a number of Examples are provided below. However, the scope of the invention is not limited to specific embodiments disclosed in these Examples, which are for purposes of illustration only.  
       Example 1  
       [0087]    Cellular Location of pp32 Expression  
         [0088]    pp32 mRNA can be detected by in situ hybridization with a pp32 probe under stringent conditions.  
         [0089]    In situ hybridization. Bases 1-298 of the pp32 cDNA sequence (GenBank HSU73477) were subcloned into the Bluescript vector by standard techniques. Digoxigenin labeled anti-sense and sense RNA probes were generated using a commercially available kit (Boehringer Mannheim). Vector DNA linearized with BamHI and Xhol served as template for antisense and sense probe generation respectively. In vitro transcription was performed for 2 hours at 37° in a final volume of 20 μl which contained 1 μg of template DNA, 2 U/μl of either T3 or T7 RNA polymerase. 1 U/μl ribonuclease inhibitor, 1 mM each of ATP, CTP, GTP, 0.65 mM UTP, 0.35 mM digoxigenin-11-UTP, 40 mM Tris-HCl pH 8.0, 10 mM NaCl, 10 mM DTT, 6 mM MgCl 2  and 2 mM spermidine. The reaction was stopped by adding 2 μl of 0.2M EDTA, pH 8. 0 and the synthesized transcripts were precipitated for 30 min at −70° with 2.2 μl of 4 M LiCl and 75 μl of pre-chilled ethanol. RNA was pelleted by centrifugation, washed with 80% ethanol, mildly dried and dissolved in 100 μl of DEPC treated water. Yields of labeled probe were determined by an enzyme linked irrimunoassay using a commercially available kit (Boehringer Mannheim). Non-radioactive in situ hybridization was performed with anti-sense and sense pp32 RNA probes generated by in vitro transcription (see U.S. Pat. No. 5,726,018, incorporated herein by reference). FIG. 1A shows that normal prostatic basal cells are positive, whereas the clear, differentiated glandular cells are negative. In contrast, prostatic adenocarcinoma, shown at left, is strikingly positive. Note that the signal is cytoplasmic since it is mRNA and not the protein that is detected in this assay.  
         [0090]    pp32 displays a distinctive pattern of expression in vivo (Chen, et al.; Malek. et al., “Identification and preliminary characterization of two related proliferation-associated nuclear phosphoproteins.”  Journal of Biological Chemistry,  265:13400-13409, 1990; Walensky, et al., “A novel M(r) 32,000 nuclear phosphoprotein is selectively expressed in cells competent for self-renewal.”  Cancer Research  53:4720-4716, 1993). In normal peripheral tissues, expression is restricted to stem-like cell populations such as crypt epithelial cells in the gut and basal epithelium in the skin: in the adult central nervous system, cerebral cortical neurons and Purkinje cells also express pp32. In normal prostate, basal cells express pp32, whereas pp32 mRNA is not detectable by in situ hybridization in differentiated glandular cells (FIG. 1A). In contrast, strong in situ hybridization to pp32 probes is found in nearly all clinically significant human prostatic adenocarcinomas. 87% of human prostatic adenocarcinomas of Gleason Score 5 and above express mRNA that hybridizes strongly with probes to pp32 in contrast to only 11% of prostate cancers of Gleason Score 4 and below in a study of 55 patients.  
         [0091]    Immunohistochemistry. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue was sectioned at 4 μM, deparaffinized, hydrated, processed for heat-induced antigen retrieval at 95° in 0.01 M citrate buffer, pH 6.0, for 20 min (Cattoretti, et al., “Antigen unmasking on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections,”  Journal of Pathology  171:83-98, 1993), then incubated overnight at room temperature with a {fraction (1/20)} dilution of anti-pp32 antibody. Following washing, the slide was sequentially developed with biotinylated swine-anti-rabbit IgG at {fraction (1/100)} (Dako), strepavidin peroxidase (Dako), and diaminobenzidine. FIG. 1B shows a representative high-grade human prostate cancer stained with affinity-purified rabbit polyclonal anti-pp32 antibody (Gusev, et al., “pp32 overexpression induces nuclear pleomorphism in rat prostatic carcinoma cells.”  Cell Proliferation  29:643-653, 1996). The left-hand panel shows a representative field at 250x: the rectangle indicates the area shown in computer venerated detail in the right-hand panel. Strongly hybridizing tumors show intense immunopositivity with antibodies to pp32, indicating that they express pp32 or immunologically related proteins (FIGS. 1A and 1B).  
       Example 2  
       [0092]    ESTs Corresponding to pp32  
         [0093]    Several potential variant pp32 species have been identified in the prostate cancer expressed sequence tag libraries of the NCI&#39;s Cancer Genome Anatomy Project. Clone 588488 encodes a protein that is 96% identical to APRIL, although absent retrieval and sequencing of the full clone, it is impossible to tell whether the entire EST clone encodes a pp32 related sequence; neither is it possible to assess the biologic function of this molecule at this time. Nevertheless, it is apparent that the sequenced portion encodes a protein bearing great similarity to pp32. This EST does not appear in the database for normal prostate. As with the variant pp32 species recovered from prostate cancer, generation of this molecule by mutation would require a complex mechanism.  
         [0094]    pp32-related genes are present in other organisms. The existence of a pp32 gene family in rodent would be consistent with the existence of a comparably sized family in human. A murine pp32 (GenBank U73478) has 89% amino acid identity to pp32, but less identity to pp32r1 and APRIL. (The murine cerebellar leucine rich acidic nuclear protein has a single amino acid substitution relative to murine pp32.) We additionally identified a murine EST, GenBank AA066733, with closest identity to APRIL protein at 85% identity over 148 amino acids of a predicted open reading frame. Several other murine EST&#39;s. AA212094 and W82526, are closely related to the pp32 family but are not significantly more related to either pp32, pp32r1, or APRIL. A human homologue of such a gene would be expected to encode a fourth member of this gene family. We identified EST&#39;s predicted to encode pp32-related proteins in  C. elegans , schistosomes, zebrafish, and Drosophila (data not shown). However, these sequences may not represent the complete extent of the pp32 gene family in these organisms, and thus are not informative for the likely size of the mammalian pp32 gene family.  
       Example 3  
       [0095]    The Structure of a Gene Encoding a Relative of the pp32 Family  
         [0096]    Screening a human genomic library in bacteriophages with probes generated from human pp32 cDNA yielded a new sequence that contained an open reading frame encoding a protein homologous with pp32.  
         [0097]    Screening a Human Genomic Library in Bacteriophages for pp32 cDNA.  
         [0098]    A genomic library from human placenta in the Lambda Fix II vector was expressed in  E. coli  strain XL-1 Blue MRA (Stratagene #946206). Screening for bacteriophage clones containing DNA inserts homologous with pp32 cDNA followed routine procedures (Sambrook, et al.). Briefly, nitrocellulose filters that had overlain bacteriophage plaques were hybridized with P-32 labeled probes for pp32 cDNA. The probes were prepared by the random primer method (Stratagene #300385) using pp32 cDNA as a template (Chen, et al., Molec. Biol. Cell, 7:2045-2056,1996.). Reactive bacteriophage plaques were plugged and the bacteriophages were eluted, reexpressed, and rescreened with pp32 cDNA probes until pure. Bacteriophage DNA was prepared by the plate lysate method (Sambrook, et al.).  
         [0099]    Identifying Restriction Fragments within Bacteriophage DNA Containing Sequences Homologous with pp32 cDNA.  
         [0100]    DNA from a bacteriophage clone containing pp32 cDNA sequences was digested with HindIII. Using routine methods, the restriction fragments were separated by agarose gel electrophoresis, transferred in alkaline buffer to positively charged nylon filters, and hybridized with probes that were selective for the 5′ and 3′ ends of the pp32 cDNA (Sambrook, et al.). The 5′ and 3′ probes were prepared as described above except that the products of polymerase chain reactions (PCR) were used as templates for the labeling reactions (Sailki, et al.,  Science,  239:487-491, 1988.). One PCR product was a 249 base pair segment of pp32 cDNA containing nucleotides 32 through 279. It was the result of a reaction using a pp32cDNA template and the primers  
         [0101]    5′-TATGCTAGCGGGTTCGGGGTTTATTG-3′ and  
         [0102]    5′-GATTCTAGATGGTAAGTTTGCGATTGAGG-3′ (primer set A).  
         [0103]    The other product was a 263 base pair segment of pp32 cDNA including nucleotides 677 through 938. It was the result of a reaction using a pp32 cDNA template and the primers  
         [0104]    5′-GAATCTAGAAGGAGGAGGAAGGTGAAGAG-3′ and  
         [0105]    5′-CTATCTAGATTCAGGGGGCAGGATTAGAG-3′ (primer set B).  
         [0106]    The PCR reactions included 35 cycles of one minute denaturations at 95° C., one minute primer annealings at 50° C., and one minute extensions at 72° C. (cycling program A). A 4.7 kb HindIII restriction fragment that hybridized with the 5′ probe, but not with the 3′ probe and a 0.9 kb HindIII fragment that hybridized with the 3′ probe, but not with the 5′ probe were subcloned into pBluescript (Gibco) by routine methods (Sambrook, et al.). The nucleotide sequences of both strands of purified plasmid DNA containing the inserts were determined by automated procedures (DNA Analysis Facility, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine).  
         [0107]    Completion of Sequencing by Direct Sequencing of PCR Products. Alignment of the sequences of the 4.7 and 0.9 kb HindIII restriction fragments with pp32 cDNA showed about 90% homologies between the 3′ end of the 4.7 kb fragment and the 5′ region of pp32 cDNA and the 5′ end of the 0.9 kb fragment and the 3′ region of the pp32 cDNA. There was an unaligned 199 base pair gap of pp32 cDNA sequence between the ends of the restriction fragments. Primers were designed to specifically anneal to relative pp32 sequences on both sides of the sequence gap. The primer sequences were  
         [0108]    5′-GAGGTTTATTGATTGAATTCGGCT-3′ and  
         [0109]    5′-CCCCAGTACACTTTTCCCGTCTCA-3′ (primer set C).  
         [0110]    Polymerase chain reactions followed cycling program A with primer set C and pure bacteriophage DNA as a template. The 943 base pair products were shown by ethidium bromide staining agarose gels, extracted from excised fragments of low melt agarose (NuSieve) electrophoresis gels, and sequenced by automated procedures as described above.  
         [0111]    A sequence of 5,785 bases was obtained from the human placental genomic library bacteriophage clone containing segments homologous with pp32 cDNA (FIG. 2). This sequence was deposited in Genbank under Accession No. U71084, Locus HSU71084. The sequence has an open reading frame extending from nucleotides 4,453 to 5,154. Analysis of the nucleotide sequence upstream of the open reading frame revealed consensus sequences for active steroid hormone receptors at over twenty positions (Table 1).  
         [0112]    Sequence analysis of the open reading frame showed 94% sequence homology to pp32 (FIG. 3). Alignment of the-open reading frame sequence to pp32 cDNA revealed 33 scattered, solitary base differences and clustered differences of two and seven bases. There were two internal deletions of three and nine bases. The open reading frame encoded a polypeptide containing 234 amino acid residues with 88% protein-level homology to pp32 (FIG. 4). Alignment of the translated sequence to the pp32 amino acid sequence revealed 18 scattered, solitary amino acid residue differences, three differences in clusters of two residues, and one difference in a clusters of four residues. There were two internal deletions of one and three residues and a terminal deletion of eleven residues. The translated sequence contained 69 acidic residues, 26 fewer than pp32.  
       Example 4  
       [0113]    Chromosome Mapping of pp32r1  
         [0114]    The pp32r1 gene maps to chromosome 4 as determined by PCR of the NIGMS monochromosomal panel 2 (Drwinga, et al., “NIGMS human/rodent somatic cell hybrid mapping panels 1 and 2,” Genomics 16:311314, 1993) followed by sequencing of the PCR product. Interestingly, the full sequence of pp32r1 including 4364 nucleotides of sequence 5′ to the start ATG contained over 400 matches in a blastn search of the non-redundant GenBank database. These matches were to two short regions of about 278 and 252 base pairs (nucleotides 674-952 and 2542-2794) that represent repeats in opposite orientations. The repeats are significantly related to elements on many chromosomes.  
         [0115]    The human pp32 gene has been mapped to chromosome 15q22.3-q23 by fluorescence in situ hybridization (Fink, et al.). A Unigene entry for pp32 (Hs. 76689; HLA-DR associated protein 1) lists 93 EST sequences corresponding to this gene, 12 of which contain a mapped sequence-tagged site (STS). These STS sites are all reported to map to chromosome 15, as are many of the pp32 EST&#39;s analyzed by electronic PCR (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). APRIL protein was also mapped to chromosome 15q25 (Mencinger, et al.; GenBank Y07969).  
       Example 5  
       [0116]    Sequence Analysis of pp32r2  
         [0117]    A pp32-related sequence (designated pp32r2) has been identified on chromosome 12 by methods analogous to those described in Example 2 for isolation of the unique intronless pp32-related gene pp32r1, found on chromosome 4. It was initially thought that the chromosome 12 sequence, encoding a truncated protein, might represent a pseudogene; however that interpretation has been reassessed in view of the present findings. The sequence has been designated pp32r2, and is recorded in Genbank as locus AF008216: the sequence of pp32r2 is shown in FIG. 5. By BESTFIT analysis (Genetics Computer Group. Inc., Wisconsin Package, version 9.1, Madison, Wis., 1997), pp32r2 is 99.5% identical to FT1.11, FT2.4 and T1, showing four nucleotide differences over the 875 nucleotide overlap of the sequences: this level of variation is consistent with a polymorphism. Similarly, BESTFIT analysis shows that PP32R1 is 99.6 % identical to FT3.3 and 99.4% identical to FT2.2, displaying four and five nucleotide differences, respectively (see FIG. 7 below).  
       Example 6  
       [0118]    Sequence Comparison of Multiple Clones  
         [0119]    Screening of a human placental genomic library in Lambda Fix II vector (Stratagene #946206) with P-32 labeled probes for pp32 cDNA yielded a clone of approximately 23 kb. 4.7 kb and 0.9 kb HindIII restriction fragments of this clone hybridized with probes for pp32 cDNA. The 4.7 kb clone aligned with the 5′ portion of the pp32 cDNA sequence, and the 0.9 kb fragment aligned with the 3′ end. A small discontinuity of 0.2 kb was sequenced from a bridging PCR product. No introns were identified.  
         [0120]    Cultured cells including the whole human embryonic line FSH173WE and the prostatic cancer cell lines PC-3 and LNCaP (American Type Culture Collection) were grown under recommended tissue culture conditions. Poly A+RNA was prepared by oligo dT adsorption (MicroFasTrack, Invitrogen) and used as a template for the, generation of cDNA through reactions with reverse transcriptase and random hexamers (GeneAmp RNA PCR Kit, Perkin Elmer). The cDNA sequences encoding the open reading frame were amplified by nested PCR using primers specifically selective for the genomic sequence over pp32 sequences. The final 298 base pair products were seen by ethidium bromide staining agarose electrophoretic gels.  
         [0121]    Using procedures similar to those described in Example 3, except without the need for nested primers in most cases, transcripts from DU-145 cells and from numerous patients were sequenced for comparison to the transcripts from the above samples. The results are shown in Table 2. A summary of the degree of identity between various transcripts is provided in Table 3.  
       Example 7  
       [0122]    Sequence Variation for Individual Isolates of Different Cell Lines and Tumor Tissue  
         [0123]    The explanation for the apparent discordant expression of p32 in cancer is that prostate tumors do not generally express pp32, but rather express variant pp32 species that promote transformation, instead of inhibiting it.  
         [0124]    RT-PCR and CFLP. Sequences were reverse-transcribed and amplified using bases 32 to 52 of HSU73477 as a forward primer and 9 19 to 938 of the same sequence as a reverse primer in conjunction with the Titan One-Tube RT-PCR kit (Boehringer). Reverse transcription was carried out at 50° for 45 min followed by incubation at 94° for 2 min; the subsequent PCR utilized 45 cycles of 92° for 45, 55° for 45 sec. and 68° for 1 min with a final extension at 68° for 10 min in a PTC 100 thermocycler (MJ Research). Template RNA was isolated from cell lines or frozen tumor samples using RNAzol B (Tel-Test) according to the manufacturer&#39;s instructions, then digested with RNAse-free DNAse 1 (Boehringer). pCMV32 was used as a positive control without reverse transcription. The cleavage assay was performed according to the manufacturer&#39;s specifications (Life Technologies) with digestion at 55° for 10 min at 0.2 mM MnCl 2  and electrophoresed on a 6% denaturing polyacrylamide sequencing gel.  
         [0125]    At the level of RTPCR, paired normal prostate and prostatic adenocarcinoma from three patients yielded amplification products (FIG. 6A) ranging from 889 to 909 bp. The reaction employed consensus primers capable of ampliring the full-length coding sequence from pp32 and the two closely-related intronless genomic sequences pp32r1 and pp32r2. The sole difference noted was a diminished amplicon yield from normal tissue as compared to neoplastic. Four human prostatic adenocarcinoma cell lines, DU-145, LNCaP, PC-3, and TSUPR-1, also yielded similar products.  
         [0126]    [0126]FIG. 6A shows RT-PCR amplified DNA from human prostate and prostate cancer cell lines. Lane a is an undigested control whose band migrated substantially slower than the digestion produces; samples in all other lanes were digested with cleavage as described. The lanes show: 1 kb ladder (Lifé Technologies), A; pCMV32, B; DU-145, C; LNCaP, D; PC-3, E; TSUPr-1, F; a representative sample, FT-1, without reverse transcription, G; FN-1 H; FT-1, I; FN-2, J; FT-2, K; FN-3, L; FT3, M; negative control with template omitted. FN indicates frozen benign prostate and the number indicates the patient: FT indicates frozen prostatic adenocarcinoma and the number indicates the patient. Numbers on the left-hand side of the figure indicate the size in kb of a reference 1 kb DNA ladder (Life Technologies).  
         [0127]    Qualitative differences between normal and neoplastic tissue began to emerge when the RT-PCR products were subcloned and analyzed by cleavage fragment length polymorphism analysis (CFLP) and sequence analysis. FIG. 6B shows a cleavase fragment length polymorphism analysis of cloned cDNA amplified by RT-PCR from human prostatic adenocarcinoma, adjacent normal prostate, and human prostatic adenocarcinoma cell lines using primers derived from the normal pp32 cDNA sequence. The lanes show individual RT-PCR-derived clones from the DU-145, LNCaP, PC-3 and TSUPr1 cell lines, from frozen prostate cancer (FT), and from frozen normal prostate (FN): a, undigested normal pp32 cDNA, be normal pp32cDNA: c, DU-145-1; d, DU-145-3; e, DU-145-5; f, LNCaP-3; g, PC3-3; h, PC3-8; i, TSUPr1, -I; j, TSUPr1-3; k, TSUPr1-6; 1, FT1.11; m, FT1.7; n, FT2.2; o, FT2.4; p, FT3.18; q, FT3.3; r, FN3.17; s, FN2.1. LNCaP expresses normal pp32. The band shifts correspond to sequence differences. All clones of RT-PCR product from normal prostate tissue displayed a normal CFLP pattern that corresponded precisely to that obtained from cloned pp32 cDNA template (GenBank HSU73477, FIG. 6B). Prostatic adenocarcinomas yielded four distinct CFLP patterns upon similar analysis, of which three were unique and one mimicked the normal pp32 pattern. Examination of DU-145, PC-3, and TSUPR-1 cell lines yielded substantially similar results whereas LnCaP yielded only a normal pp32 CFLP pattern. Further analysis at the sequence level confirmed that normal prostate and LnCaP contained solely normal pp32 transcripts.  
         [0128]    Transcripts obtained from prostatic adenocarcinomas and from most cell lines represented closely-related variant species of pp32, summarized in Table 1. These transcripts varied from 92.4% to 95.9% nucleotide identity to normal pp32 cDNA (Genetics Computer Group, Inc., Wisconsin Package, version 9.1, Madison, Wis., 1997). Of the sixteen variant transcripts obtained, fifteen had open reading frames encoding proteins ranging from 89.3% to 99.6% identity to normal pp32. The table summarizes data obtained for variant pp32 transcripts obtained from human prostatic adenocarcinoma and prostate cancer cell lines. Sequences falling into closely related groups are indicated by the group letters (A,B,C); U indicates unassigned sequences not clearly falling into a group. The origin of each sequence is: FT, frozen tumor followed by patient number, decimal point, and clone number; D, DU-145 followed by clone number (as are all cell line sequences); P, PC3; and T, TSUPr1. Nucleotide identity, gaps in the nucleotide sequence alignment, and protein identity were determined from BESTFIT alignments with the normal pp32 cDNA and protein sequences. The effect on transformation is described as: stimulates, more foci obtained when transfected with ras+myc than with ras-myc+vector control: inactive, equivalent foci obtained as with ras+myc+vector control; and suppresses, fewer foci obtained as with ras+myc+vector control.  
         [0129]    The predicted protein sequences fell into three discrete groups: [1] truncated sequences spanning the N-terminal 131 amino acids of pp32, of which one such sequence substantially equivalent to pp32r2 was obtained identically from two of three patients and from the TSUPR-1 cell line; [2] sequences more closely homologous to a distinct pp32-related gene, pp32r1 than to pp32, and [3] heterogeneous pp32-related sequences. Tumors from two of the three patients analyzed contained no detectable normal pp32 transcripts. Two of twelve cloned transcripts from the third patient tumor were normal by CFLP pattern, with sequence confirmation of normality on one clone. Two clones from cell lines were normal by CFLP screening, but were later shown to represent variant-sequences.  
         [0130]    [0130]FIGS. 7A and 7B show a multiple pairwise alignment of nucleotide and predicted protein sequences for all transcripts (Smith, et al., “Identification of common molecular subsequences,”  J. Mol. Biol.,  147:195-197 1981). The figures were compiled with the GCG Pileup and Pretty programs (Smith, et al.). Differences from the consensus sequences are shown as indicated, agreement with the consensus sequence is shown as a blank. Normal human pp32 is designated hpp32. Sequences from the TSUPr1, PC3, and DU-145 cell lines are as indicated. The designation FT indicates sequence derived from a frozen human prostatic adenocarcinoma. Only the normal pp32 sequence. hpp32, was obtained from normal prostate adjacent to tumor tissue. FIG. 8A shows alignment of the amplicon nucleotide sequences with pp32 and the predicted amplicon from pp32r1: FIG. 8B shows alignment of the predicted protein sequences. One sequence (FT 1.11), independently obtained three times from two separate patients and the TSUPR-1 cell line, is shown only once in the diagram. The pileup and pairwise alignments illustrate several important points: [1] there is a high degree of sequence conservation at both the nucleotide and predicted amino acid levels; [2] the sequence differences are distributed throughout the length of the sequence without obvious hotspots; [3] there is no obvious clustering or segmentation of sequence differences: and [4] the variant sequences fall into the previously described groups. These points are detailed in FIGS. 8A and 8B.  
       Example 8  
       [0131]    Diagnostic Method to Distinguish Among Family Members  
         [0132]    The three members of the pp32 family which are expressed in human prostate cancer are pp32, pp32r1 and pp32r2. Whereas pp32 suppresses in vitro transformation and in vivo tumorigenesis in model systems, pp32r1 and pp32r2 are pro-transforming and are tumorigenic in the same systems. It is possible to determine which of the three members is expressed in a tissue sample by using a protocol similar to that described in Example 7.  
         [0133]    Analysis from freshly frozen human tissue and cell lines. Total RNA is extracted from freshly frozen human tissues or human cancer cell lines and subjected to reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction amplification with single set of primers capable of amplifying the entire coding region of the cDNA of all the three genes. A suitable set of primers is:  
         [0134]    Upper: 5′GGGTTCGGGGTTTATTG3′—This corresponds to bp32 to bp48 of the pp32 cDNA sequence (Genbank U73477)  
         [0135]    Lower: 5′CTCTAATCCTGCCCCCTGAA3′—This corresponds to bp919 to bp938 of the pp32 cDNA sequence (Genbank U73477)  
         [0136]    The observed amplicon sizes with this primer set are pp32-907 bp, pp32r1-889 bp and pp32r2-900 bp. The three cDNAs are distinguished from each other by restriction enzyme digestion with the following enzymes—EcoR I, Hind III and Xho I. The resultant digest is run on a 2.5% agarose gel to positively identify the three different cDNAs. The table below lists the sizes of the bands observed The bolded numbers indicate the band sizes useful for identification of the three cDNAs.  
                                                           TABLE 4A                           Expected band sizes upon restriction digestion of the       RT-PCR product from fresh tissue and cell lines                        EcoR I/Hind III   EcoR I/Xho I           Undigested   EcoR I   Double digest   Double digest                        hpp32   907   21,177,709   21,177,69,640   21,177,709       pp32r1   889   21,177,691   21,19,66,198,427   21,177,691       pp32r2   900   21,879   21,244,635   21,385,494                  
 
         [0137]    Analysis from formalin fixed and paraffin embedded tissue. A similar approach is followed for identification of pp32, pp32r1 and pp32r2 transcripts from formalin fixed and paraffin embedded tissues. Total RNA is extracted and subjected to reverse transcription and PCR amplification with a single set of primers capable of amplifying a stretch of 200 bp from all the three cDNAs. A suitable set of primers is:  
         [0138]    Upper primer—from bp394 to bp414 of the pp32 cDNA sequence (Genbank U73477)  
         [0139]    Lower primer—from bp609 to bp629 of the pp32 cDNA sequence (Genbank U73477)  
         [0140]    The three cDNAs are distinguished from each other by restriction enzyme digestion with the following enzymes—Hind III, Xho I and BseR 1. The resultant digest is run on a 3% agarose gel to positively identify the three different cDNAs. The table below lists the sizes of the bands observed. The bolded numbers indicate the band sizes useful for identification of the three cDNAs.  
                                                               TABLE 5A                           Expected band sizes upon restriction digestion of the RT-PCR       product from formalin fixed and paraffin embedded tissues                Undigested   Hind III   Xho I   BseR I                            hpp32   200   200   200   80,120           pp32r1   200   100,100   200   200           pp32r2   200   200   44,156   80,120                      
 
       Example 9  
       [0141]    pp32r1 Augments Oncogene-Mediated Transformation of Rat Embryo Fibroblasts.  
         [0142]    pp32r1 was subcloned into a eukaryotic expression vector under the CMV promoter and analyzed for its effect on ras+myc-mediated formation of transformed foci in rat embryo fibroblasts. Genomic sequences including the entire coding region for pp32r1 were amplified by PCR and subcloned into the eukaryotic TA cloning and expression vector pCR3.1 vector (Invitrogen) which contains a CMV promoter. The assay was performed as described (Chen et al. Mol Biol Cell, 7:2045-56, 1996) with each T75 flask receiving 5 micrograms of pEJ-ras, and/or 10 micrograms of pMLV-c-myc, pCMV32, pp32r1 in PCR3.1, or PCR 3.1 alone. After 14 days, transformed colonies were enumerated. FIG. 8 shows the results. The data represent the average of seven replicates from two separate experiments in duplicate and one in triplicate. The error bars indicate standard error of the mean. In contrast to pp32, which consistently suppresses focus formation induced by ras+myc and other oncogene pairs, pp32r1 caused a statistically significant stimulation of focus formation with p=0.004 by an unpaired t-test.  
       Example 10  
       [0143]    Effect of Transcripts from Various Cell Lines on Rat Fibroblast Transformation Assays  
         [0144]    Expression constructs prepared as described above from PC-3 and DU-145 cells were tested in the rat embryo fibroblast transformation assay described by Chen, et al.,  Mol Biol Cell.,  7:2045-56, 1996, incorporated herein by reference. The results are shown in FIG. 9. Transcripts from the two cell lines stimulated ras+myc induction of transformed rat embryo fibroblast foci, in contrast to normal pp32, which suppressed transformation. The figure shows the mean±the standard deviation, except for DU-145, which represents a single determination.  
       Example 11  
       [0145]    Transformation Activity of Various Isolates from Patient Tumors  
         [0146]    The variant transcripts isolated from prostate cancer patients differ significantly from pp32 in sequence. The isolated transcripts were found to stimulate transformation. Transformation assay. Rat embryo fibroblasts were transfected with the indicated constructs as described (Chen, et al.) and transformed foci enumerated. For each experiment, approximately 1×10 6  cells were plated per T75 flask and incubated for 2 to 3 d prior to transfection to achieve approximately 40% confluency. For each flask of primary rat embryo fibroblasts, the plasmids indicated in each experiment were added in the following amounts: pEJ-ras, 5 μg; and pMLV-c-myc, pCMV32, pCMVneo, or variant pp32 constructs in pCR3.1 (Invitrogen), 10 μg. Plasmids were prepared in two volumes Lipofectin (2 μl lipofectin per μg DNA) then gently mixed by inversion in 1.5 ml OPTIMEM in sterile 15 ml polystyrene tubes and allowed to incubate at room temperature for &gt;15 min. For experiments with more than one flask, mixtures of all reagents were increased in proportion to the numbers of flasks required for each transfection. Cells were washed once with OPTIMEM (Gibco-BRL), and then fed with 6 ml of OPTIMEM and 1.5 ml of the DNA/Lipofectin mix. After overnight incubation, the cells were grown in standard media and refed with fresh media twice weekly. Foci were counted fourteen days post-transfection. FIG. 10 summarizes four separate experiments. Each data point represents the results from an individual flask expressed as the percent foci obtained in the contemporaneous control of ras+myc+vector.  
         [0147]    [0147]FIG. 10 shows that expressed variant transcripts from prostate cancer cell lines and from human prostatic adenocarcinoma generally produce increased numbers of transformed foci when co-transfected with ras and myc as compared to the number of foci obtained when ras and myc are transfected with blank vector. Variant pp32 transcripts from DU-145 (D3), and from three prostate cancers (FT 1.7, FT 2.2 and FT3.18) yield increased numbers of transformed foci over those produced by ras and myc alone with blank vector. This stands in marked contrast to normal pp32, which consistently suppresses transformation. These activities are also summarized in Table 1.  
       Example 12  
       [0148]    Effect of pp32 Variants on Tumorigenesis in Vivo  
         [0149]    Experiments testing the effect of transfection of NIH3T3 cells on tumorigenesis in vivo are consistent with in vitro results in rat embryo fibroblasts. NIH3T3 cells were stably transfected by lipofection with the pp32 species indicated in Table 6A carried in the pCR3.1-Uni CMV-driven mammalian expression vector (Invitrogen). The G418-resistant clones employed in these experiments were all shown by genomic PCR to carry the indicated pp32 species. For analysis of tumorigenesis, 5×10 6  cells in 100 microliters of unsupplemented Dulbecco&#39;s modified Eagle&#39;s medium without phenol red were injected into the flanks of female athymic nude mice on an outbred background of greater than six weeks in age (Harlan). For logistical reasons, inoculations of the various groups were staggered over a seven day period. Each group of mice was euthanized precisely seven weeks after inoculation. Where a mouse had a tumor, the tumor was dissected, measured, and weighed, and Table 6A reports the average weight of tumors in mice injected with cells carrying various vectors. One tumor from each group was examined histologically. All tumors were fibrosarcomas without noteworthy inflammation present. Data obtained with NIH3T3 cells indicate that NIH3T3 cells stably transfected with the variant pp32 species P3, P8, FT1.7, FT2.2, and FT2.4 form tumors when inoculated into nude mice. In contrast, NIH3T3 cells stably transfected to express human pp32 fail to form tumors in vivo even when further transfected with ras. Lines of NIH3T3 cells were also established that were stably transfected with expression constructs encoding pp32 or pp32-antisense. Basal expression of pp32 is essential for maintenance of contact inhibition and serum-dependent cell growth: antisense ablation of endogenous pp32 synthesis permitted cells to grow normally following serum withdrawal. Constitutive over-expression of pp32 potently suppressed ras-mediated transformation of NIH3T3 cells in vitro and tumorigenesis in vivo. In contrast, antisense ablation of endogenous pp32 dramatically increased the number and size of ras-transformed foci; in vivo, tumors obtained from ras-transformed antisense pp32 cells were approximately 50-fold greater in mass than tumors obtained from ras-transformed control cells.  
         [0150]    For purposes of clarity of understanding, the foregoing invention has been described in some detail by way of illustration and example in conjunction with specific embodiments, although other aspects, advantages and modifications will be apparent to those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains. The foregoing description and examples are intended to illustrate, but not limit the scope of the invention. Modifications of the above-described modes for carrying out the invention that are apparent to persons of skill in medicine, immunology, hybridoma technology, pharmacology, pathology, and/or related fields are intended to be within the scope of the invention, which is limited only by the appended claims.  
         [0151]    All publications and patent applications mentioned in this specification are indicative of the level of skill of those skilled in the art to which this invention pertains. All publications and patent applications are herein incorporate reference to the same extent as if each individual publication or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference.  
                                             TABLE 1                               Consensus           Position   Strand   Sequence   Factor                                4   C   TTTCCT   PEA3       21   N   CAAGGTCA   ELP       23   N   AGGTCA   PPAR       32   C   CCCTAA   TBF1       41   N   CTTGGC   NF-1 (-like proteins)       81   N   TAAACAC   Pit-1       82   N   AAACACA   HiNF-A       113   C   CTTCCC   c-Ets-2       118   N   CTATCA   GATA-1       122   N   CAGTTG   c-Myc       212   C   AATAAATA   TFIID       213   N   ATAAATA   ETF       247   N   TATCTA   NIT2       261   C   AAGGAA   c-Ets-2       262   N   AGGAAA   PEA3       283   C   TTTTTCTTTTTC   Hb       320   C   TTATAT   GAL4       333   N   TAAAAAA   TBP       349   N   TTATACATT   TBP       363   C   AAGGAA   c-Ets-2       394   C   TTTCTATA   TBP       398   N   TATAAA   TBP       398   N   TATAAA   TFIID       411   C   CTGAATT   Pit-1       420   N   TGTCCC   GR       423   C   CCCTAA   TBF1       434   N   TTCCTT   c-Ets-2       447   C   CTTCCC   c-Ets-2       514   N   TTATCTCT   GATA-1       514   C   TTATCT   GATA-2       515   N   TATCTC   NIT2       537   N   TATGCA   EFII       553   N   AAGTCA   GCN4       608   N   TGACTA   GCN4       628   N   CCTCCCAAC   LyF-1       640   N   TGTCCT   GR       648   N   TTAAAATTCA   1-Oct       648   N   TTAAAATTCA   4-Oct       649   N   TAAAAT   F2F       649   N   TAAAAT   Pit-1       661   N   TAAAAAA   TBP       673   N   CTTGGC   NF-1 (-like proteins)       725   N   AGGCGG   Sp1       729   N   GGGCGG   ETF       729   N   GGGCGG   Sp1       729   C   GGGCGG   Sp1       741   N   AGGTCA   PPAR       793   N   TATAAATA   B factor       793   N   TATAAA   TBP       793   N   TATAAATA   TFIID       793   N   TATAAAT   TMF       794   N   ATAAATA   ETF       809   N   TTATCT   GATA-1       809   C   TTATCT   GATA-2       815   N   GGGTGTGG   TEF-2       826   C   CACATG   muEBP-C2       826   C   CACATG   TFE3-S       826   N   CACATG   USF       978   N   ATGTAAAACA   1-Oct       978   N   ATGTAAAACA   2-Oct       978   N   ATGTAAAACA   NF-IL-2A       1000   N   ATGTCAGA   CSBP-1       1006   N   GATTTC   H4TF-1       1034   C   TTTTCAT   Pit-1       1047   N   AAGATAAAACC   RVF       1048   C   AGATAA   GATA-1       1048   N   AGATAA   GATA-2       1049   N   GATAAA   TFIID       1083   C   GCCAAG   NF-1 (-like proteins)       1124   N   CGCCAT   UCRF-L       1163   C   GACCTG   TGT3       1307   N   CAGTCA   GCN4       1347   C   TGCATA   EFII       1373   C   AGAACA   AR       1373   N   AGAACAT   GR       1373   N   AGAACA   GR       1373   C   AGAACA   GR       1373   N   AGAACA   PR       1373   C   AGAACA   PR       1373   N   AGAACA   PR A       1373   C   AGAACA   PR A       1393   C   TCACTT   IRF-1       1393   C   TCACTT   IRF-2       1395   C   ACTTCCT   E1A-F       1423   N   TTATCT   GATA-1       1423   C   TTATCT   GATA-2       1424   N   TATCTA   NIT2       1452   N   TTACTC   GCN4       1471   N   TGGGTCA   c-Fos       1471   N   TGGGTCA   c-Jun       1471   N   TGGGTCA   ER       1496   N   TCTCTTA   c-Myc       1511   N   TATAAA   TBP       1511   N   TATAAA   TFIID       1549   C   TTTGAA   TFIID       1568   C   AATGTATAA   TBP       1581   C   TTTGAA   TFIID       1590   C   AGATAA   GATA-1       1590   N   AGATAA   GATA-2       1591   C   GATAATTG   Dfd       1657   C   AGGACA   GR       1670   C   ATTTTA   F2F       1670   C   ATTTTA   Pit-1       1671   C   TTTTATA   B factor       1671   C   TTTTATA   Dr1       1671   C   TTTTATA   En       1671   C   TTTTATA   TBP       1671   C   TTTTATA   TBP-1       1671   C   TTTTATA   TFIIA       1671   C   TTTTATA   TFIIB       1671   C   TTTTATA   TFIID       1671   C   TTTTATA   TFIIE       1671   C   TTTTATA   TFIIF       1671   C   TTTTATA   TRF       1672   C   TTTATA   TBP       1694   C   AATAAATA   TFIID       1695   N   ATAAATA   ETF       1733   N   AGGAAA   PEA3       1749   C   TTATAT   GAL4       1783   N   TAACTCA   AP-1       1829   C   TAGATA   NIT2       1857   N   CGCCAT   UCRF-L       1875   N   TTCTGGGAA   IL-6 RE-BP       1895   N   TGACTA   GCN4       1899   N   TATTTAA   TBP       1942   N   ATATAA   GAL4       1985   C   TTTATA   TBP       1985   C   TTTATA   TFIID       2010   C   AATAAATA   TFIID       2011   N   ATAAATA   ETF       2058   C   TGCATA   EFII       2095   N   CAGTCA   GCN4       2146   C   AAGGAA   c-Ets-2       2147   N   AGGAAA   PEA3       2190   N   AGGAAA   PEA3       2220   C   GGCACA   GR       2252   N   CCAATAG   gammaCAAT       2286   N   TGTGCC   GR       2292   N   ATGGGA   PTF1-beta       2314   N   TATGCA   EFII       2328   C   GGCACA   GR       2350   C   ATGATAAG   GATA-1       2351   N   TGATAAG   GATA-1       2363   N   GGGAAG   c-Ets-2       2367   N   AGCCACT   CP2       2369   C   CCACTGGGGA   AP-2       2404   N   TAAAAT   F2F       2404   N   TAAAAT   F2F       2404   N   TAAAAT   Pit-1       2409   N   TTGTCATA   77 + 82K protein       2409   N   TTGTCATA   VETF       2415   N   TATCTA   NIT2       2451   C   TTTATC   TFIID       2452   N   TTATCT   GATA-1       2452   C   TTATCT   GATA-2       2486   N   CTCTCTCTCTCTC   GAGA factor       2644   N   AGGCGG   Sp1       2658   N   ACAGCTG   GT-IIBalpha       2658   N   ACAGCTG   GT-IIBbeta       2709   C   GGCCAGGC   AP-2       2723   N   TGAACT   GR       2731   C   TGACCT   PPAR       2731   C   TGACCTCA   URTF       2753   N   CTTGGC   NF-1 (-like proteins)       2818   C   TGATGTCA   AP-1       2818   C   TGATGTCA   c-Fos       2818   C   TGATGTCA   c-Jun       2818   C   TGATGTCA   CREB       2845   N   GGGAAG   c-Ets-2       2858   N   AGATAG   GATA-1       2858   C   AGATAG   GATA-1       2864   C   AGTTCA   GR       2899   N   ATATAA   GAL4       2900   N   TATAAAA   B factor       2900   N   TATAAAA   Dr1       2900   N   TATAAAA   En       2900   N   TATAAAA   TBP       2900   N   TATAAA   TBP       2900   N   TATAAAA   TBP-1       2900   N   TATAAAA   TFIIA       2900   N   TATAAAA   TFIIB       2900   N   TATAAAA   TFIID       2900   N   TATAAAA   TFIIE       2900   N   TATAAAA   TFIIF       2900   N   TATAAAA   TRF       2921   C   TTTGAA   TFIID       2924   C   GAAATC   H4TF-1       2930   C   CATTAG   Is1-1       2948   C   TGTACA   GR       2948   C   TGTACA   PR       2948   C   TGTACA   PR A       2964   C   ATTTGAGAA   VITF       3030   N   AGTGTTCT   GR       3032   N   TGTTCT   AR       3032   N   TGTTCT   GR       3032   C   TGTTCT   GR       3032   N   TGTTCT   PR       3032   C   TGTTCT   PR       3032   N   TGTTCT   PR A       3032   C   TGTTCT   PR A       3104   C   GGATTATT   T11       3106   C   ATTATTAA   AFP1       3111   N   TAAAAT   F2F       3111   N   TAAAAT   Pit-1       3125   C   ATTTTA   F2F       3125   C   ATTTTA   Pit-1       3142   N   TGTGAT   GR       3169   N   GTTTTATT   HOXD10       3169   N   GTTTTATT   HOXD8       3169   N   GTTTTATT   HOXD9       3175   C   TTTGAA   TFIID       3185   N   TTGCTCA   Zta       3206   N   GATTTC   H4TF-1       3212   N   AGGAAA   PEA3       3238   C   ATTTTA   F2F       3238   C   ATTTTA   Pit-1       3256   C   TTTGAA   TFIID       3266   N   TTGCTCA   Zta       3320   C   ATTTTA   F2F       3320   C   ATTTTA   Pit-1       3358   N   ATGGGA   PTF1-beta       3360   C   GGGACA   GR       3440   C   CACTCA   GCN4       3460   C   TTTCCT   PEA3       3483   N   GACACA   GR       3491   C   TTTCCT   PEA3       3495   N   CTAATG   Is1-l       3523   C   AGAACA   AR       3523   N   AGAACA   GR       3523   C   AGAACACT   GR       3523   C   AGAACA   GR       3523   N   AGAACA   PR       3523   C   AGAACA   PR       3523   N   AGAACA   PR A       3523   C   AGAACA   PR A       3538   C   TTTATC   TFIID       3539   N   TTATCT   GATA-1       3539   C   TTATCT   GATA-2       3551   N   TGAGTG   GCN4       3569   C   TCCCAT   PTF1-beta       3594   N   TTAGGG   TBF1       3653   C   CCTGCTGAA   LyF-1       3668   N   CTCATGA   1-Oct       3668   N   CTCATGA   2-Oct       3668   N   CTCATGA   Oct-2B       3668   N   CTCATGA   Oct-2B       3668   N   CTCATGA   Oct-2C       3679   C   TGTGTAA   Zta       3685   C   AGAACT   GR       3712   C   TTTCCT   PEA3       3713   N   TTCCTT   c-Ets-2       3717   N   TTGCTCA   Zta       3727   C   AAAACATAAAT   ssARS-T       3749   N   TAAAAAA   TBP       3784   C   CACTCA   GCN4       3791   C   ATTTTA   F2F       3791   C   ATTTTA   Pit-1       3815   N   TATCTA   NIT2       3829   C   TAGATA   NIT2       3859   C   AGAACA   AR       3859   N   AGAACAG   GR       3859   N   AGAACA   GR       3859   C   AGAACA   GR       3859   N   AGAACA   PR       3859   C   AGAACA   PR       3859   N   AGAACA   PR A       3859   C   AGAACA   PR A       3860   N   GAACAG   LVa       3877   C   ATCACA   GR       3886   N   TGAGTCA   AP-1       3886   C   TGAGTCA   AP-1       3886   C   TGAGTCA   c-Fos       3886   C   TGAGTCA   c-Jun       3886   C   TGAGTCA   FraI       3886   C   TGAGTCA   NF-E2       3887   C   GAGTCA   GCN4       3931   N   AGATAG   GATA-1       3931   C   AGATAG   GATA-1       3960   N   TTGGCA   NF-1/L       3965   C   ATTTTA   F2F       3965   C   ATTTTA   Pit-1       4026   N   TATTTAA   TBP       4037   N   TGTGAT   GR       4040   N   GATGCAT   Pit-1       4Q42   C   TGCATA   EFII       4079   N   TTCAAAG   SRY       4079   N   TTCAAAG   TCF-1A       4079   N   TTCAAA   TFIID       4097   N   CAGGTC   TGT3       4140   N   TGATTCA   AP-1       4140   C   TGATTCA   AP-1       4140   N   TGATTC   GCN4       4164   N   GGGAGTG   p300       4205   C   AGATAA   GATA-1       4205   N   AGATAA   GATA-2       4219   C   TTAGTCAC   AP-1       4219   C   TTAGTCA   AP-1       4219   C   TTAGTCAC   c-Fos       4219   C   TTAGTCAC   c-Jun       4219   C   TTAGTCA   c-Jun       4219   C   TTAGTCA   Jun-D       4220   C   TAGTCA   GCN4       4271   N   TGTTCT   AR       4271   N   TGTTCT   GR       4271   C   TGTTCT   GR       4271   N   TGTTCT   PR       4271   C   TGTTCT   PR       4271   N   TGTTCT   PR A       4271   C   TGTTCT   PR A       4280   C   TGACCCA   c-Fos       4280   C   TGACCCA   c-Jun       4280   C   TGACCCA   ER       4292   C   CTTATCAG   GATA-1       4292   C   CTTATCA   GATA-1       4361   N   TTCAAAG   SRY       4361   N   TTCAAAG   TCF-1A       4361   N   TTCAAA   TFIID                  
 
         [0152]    [0152]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       TABLE 2                       COMPARISON OF ALL PROTEIN SEQUENCES                                    1   15   16   30   31   45   46   60   61   75                        TSU6   MEMGRRIHLELRNGT   PSDVKELVLDNSRSN   EGKLEGLTDEFEELE   FLSTINVGLTSIANL   PKLNKLKKLELSSNR       D3   MEMGRRIHLELRNRT   PSDVKELVLDNSRSN   EGKLEGLTDEFEELE   FLSTINVGLTSIANL   PKLNKLKKLELSDNR       PG   MEMGKWIHLELRNRT   PSDVKELFLDNSQSN   EGKLEGLADEFEELE   LLNTINIGLSSIANL   AKLNKLKKLELSSNR       FT1.11   MEMGKWIHLELRNRT   PSDVKELFLDNSQSN   EGKLEGLTDEFEELE   LLNTINIGLTSIANL   PKLNKLKKLELSSNR       TSU1   MEMGKWIHLELRNRT   PSDVKELFLDNSQSN   EGKLEGLTDEFEELE   LLNTINIGLTSIANL   PKLNKLKKLELSSNR       FT3.18   MEMGKWIHLELRNRT   PSDVKELFLDNSQSN   EGKLEGLTDEFEELE   LLNTINIGLTSIANL   PKLNKLKKLELSSNR       FT2.4   MEMGKWIHLELRNRT   PSDVKELFLDNSQSN   EGKLEGLTDEFEELE   LLNTINIGLTSIANL   PKLNKLKKLELSSNR       FT2.2   MEMGRRIHSELRNRA   PSDVKELVLDNSRSN   EGKLEALTDEFEELE   FLSKINGGLTSISDL   PKL-KLRKLEL---K       KG   MEMGRRIHSELRNRA   PSDVKELALDNSRSN   EGKLEALTDEFEELE   FLSKINGGLTSISDL   PKL-KLRKLEL---R       FT1.7   MEMGRRIHLELRNRT   PSDVKELVLDNSRSN   EGKLEGLTDEFEELE   FLSTINVGLTSIANL   PKL-KLRKLEL---R       P3   MEMGKWIHLELRNRT   PSDVKELFLDNSQSN   EGKLEGLTDEFEELE   LLNTINIGLTSIANL   PKLNKLKKLELSSNR       L3   MEMGRRIHLELRNRT   PSDVKELVLDNSRSN   EGKLEGLTDEFEELE   FLSTINVGLTSIANL   PKLNKLKKLELSDNR       pp32   MEMGRRIHLELRNRT   PSDVKELVLDNSRSN   EGKLEGLTDEFEELE   FLSTINVGLTSIANL   PKLNKLKKLELSDNR       P8   MEMGRRIHLELRNRT   PSDVKELVLDNSRSN   EGKLEGLTDEFEELE   FLSTINVGLTSIANL   PKLNKLKKLELSSNR                        76   90   91   105   106   120   121   135   136   150                        TSU6   ASVGLEVLAEKCPNL   90   IHLNLSGNKIKDLST   IEPLKKLENLESLDL   FTCEVTNLNNY----   ---------------       D3   VSGGLEVLAEKCPNL   90   IHLNLSGNKIKDLST   IEPLKKLENLESLDL   FTCEVTNLNNY----   ---------------       PG   ASVGLEVLAEKCPNL   90   IHLNLSGNKIKDLST   IEPLKKLENLESLDL   FTCEVTNLNNY----   ---------------       FT1.11   ASVGLEVLAEKCPNL   90   IHLNLSGNKIKDLST   IEPLKKLENLESLDL   FTCEVTNLNNY----   ---------------       TSU1   ASVGLEVLAEKCPNL   90   IHLNLSGNKIKDLST   IEPLKKLENLESLDL   FTCEVTNLNNY----   ---------------       FT3.18   ASVGLEVLAEKCPNL   90   IHLNLSGNKIKDLST   IEPLKKLENLESLDL   FTCEVTNLNNY----   ---------------       FT2.4   ASVGLEVLAEKCPNL   90   IHLNLSGNKIKDLST   IEPLKKLENLESLDL   FTCEVTNLNNY----   ---------------       FT2.2   VSGGLEVLAEKCPNL   86   THLYLSGNKIKDLST   IEPLKQLENLKSLDL   FNCEVTNLNDYGENV   FKLLLQLTYLDSCYW       KG   VSGGLEVLAEKCPNL   86   THLYLSGNKIKDLST   IEPLKQLENLKSLDL   FNCEVTNLNDYGENV   FKLLLQLTYLDSCYW       FT1.7   VSGGLEVLAEKCPNL   86   THLYLSGNKIKDLST   IEPLKQLENLKSLDL   FNCEVTNLNDYGENV   FKLLLQLTYLDSCYW       P3   ASVGLEVLAEKCPNL   90   IHLNLSGNKIKDLST   IEPLKKLENLESLDL   FTCEVTNLNNYRENV   FKLLPQLTYLDGYDR       L3   VSGGLEVLAEKCPNL   90   THLNLSGNKIKDLST   IEPLKKLENLESLDL   FNCEVTNLNDYRENV   FKLLPQLTYLDGYDR       pp32   VSGGLEVLAEKCPNL   90   THLNLSGNKIKDLST   IEPLKKLENLESLDL   FNCEVTNLNDYRENV   FKLLPQLTYLDGYDR       P8   ASVGLEVLAEKCPNL   90   IHLNLSGNKIKDLST   IEPLKKLENLESLDL   SNCEVTNLNDYRENV   FKLLPQLTYLDGYDR                        151   165   166   180   181   195   196   210                        TSU6   ---------------   ---------------   131   ---------------   ---------------       D3   ---------------   ---------------   131   ---------------   ---------------       PG   ---------------   ---------------   131   ---------------   ---------------       FT1.11   ---------------   ---------------   131   ---------------   ---------------       TSU1   ---------------   ---------------   131   ---------------   ---------------       FT3.18   ---------------   ---------------   131   ---------------   ---------------       FT2.4   ---------------   ---------------   131   ---------------   ---------------       FT2.2   DHKEAPYSDIEDHVE   GLDDEEEGEHEEEYD   176   EDAQVVEDEEGEEEE   EEGEEEDVSGGDEED       KG   DHKEAPYSDIEDHVE   GLDDEEEGEHEEEYD   176   EDAQVVEDEEGEEEE   EEGEEEDVSGGDEED       FT1.7   DHKEAPYSDIEDHVE   GLDDEEEGEHEEEYD   176   EDAQVVEDEEGEEGE   EEGEEEDVSGGDEED       P3   DDKEAPDSDAEGYVE   GLDDEEEDEDEEEYD   180   EDAQVVEDEEDEDEE   EEGEEEDVSGEEEED       L3   DDKEAPDSDAEGYVE   GLDDEEEDEDEEEYD   180   EDAQVVEDEEDEDEE   EEGEEEDVSGEEEED       pp32   DDKEAPDSDAEGYVE   GLDDEEEDEDEEEYD   180   EDAQVVEDEEDEDEE   EEGEEEDVSGEEEED       P8   DDKEAPDSDAEGYVE   GLDDEEEDEDEEEYD   180   EDAQVVEDEEDEDEE   EEGEEEDVSGEEEED                        211   225   226   240   241                            TSU6   ---------------   ---------------   ---------   131           D3   ---------------   ---------------   ---------   131           PG   ---------------   ---------------   ---------   131           FT1.11   ---------------   ---------------   ---------   131           TSU1   ---------------   ---------------   ---------   131           FT3.18   ---------------   ---------------   ---------   131           FT2.4   ---------------   ---------------   ---------   131           FT2.2   EEGYNDGEVDGEEDE   EELGEEERGQKRK--   ---------   234           KG   EEGYNDGEVDGEEDE   EELGEEERGQKRK--   ---------   234           FT1.7   EEGYNDGEVDDEEDE   EELGEEERGQKRKRE   PEDEGEDDD   245           P3   EEGYNDGEVDDEEDE   EELGEEERGQKRKRE   PEDEGEDDD   249           L3   EEGYNDGEVDDEEDE   EELGEEERGQKRKRE   PEDEGEDDD   249           pp32   EEGYNDGEVDDEEDE   EELGEEERGQKRKRE   PEDEGEDDD   249           P8   EEGYNDGEVDDEEDE   EELGEEERGQKRKRE   PEDEGEDDD   249                                                                                                
         [0153]    [0153]                                                           TABLE 3                                       Comparison to pp32 Sequences                % Identity   % Similarity                CLONE   cDNA   Protein   Protein                       D3, DU-145 cells   95   90   95           P3, PC-3   86   94   96           P8, PC-3   98   97   97           FT1.11   97   86   92           FT1.7   95   95   95           FT2.2   94   85   88           FT2.4   99   86   92           FT3.18   99   90   94                        
         [0154]    [0154]                                                                     TABLE 1A                                           Effect on Oncogene-               Sequence   Nucleotide       Protein Identity   Mediated       Sequence   Group   Identity with pp32   Gaps   with pp32   Transformation   Comment                                FT1.3   A   99.8       100   Not Tested   Identical to pp32       D1   A   99.9       100   Not tested   identical to pp32 with 2                               silent nt changes       L3   A   99.9       100   Not Tested       D3   U   95.8   0   96.9   Generally   Encodes truncated variant                           Stimulatory   pp32       D5   U   99.6   0   99.6   Not Tested       FT1.2   U   92.9   1       Not tested   No ORF       P3   U   96.5   1   94.4   Slightly Stimulatory       P8   U   98.7   0   98.0   Variable       FT1.11   B   92.4   2   89.3   Not Tested   All sequences identical,                               appears to be product of                               pp32r2       FT2.4   B   92.4   2   89.3   Variable       T1   B   92.4   2   89.3       T6   U   94.2   1   93.9   Not Tested   Encodes truncated variant                               pp32       FT3.18   U   94.7   2   89.3   Stimulatory   Encodes truncated variant                               pp32       FT2.2   C   94.4   3   87.6   Stimulatory   Sequences differ by 1 nt                               appears to be product of                               pp32r1       FT3.3   C   94.4   3   87.6   not tested       FT1.7   U   95.9   2   91.4   Stimulatory                    
         [0155]    [0155]                                           TABLE 2A                           Genbank                               Protein   Accession   Length   Human pp32   Human pp32r1   Human pp32r2   Human April   Murine pp32                   Human pp32   HSU73477   249   100%   88% Identity   84% Identity 0   71% Identity   89% Identity                       2 gaps; Z = 77   gaps; Z = 73   3 gaps; Z = 58   1 gap; Z = 87       Human pp32r1   AF008216   234       100% Identity   785 Identity 2   61% Identity   90% identity 3                           gaps; Z = 65   5 gaps; Z = 15   gaps; Z = 64       Human pp32r2   HSU71084   131           100% Identity   61% Identity   77% Identity                               3 gaps; Z = 52   1 gap; Z = 80       Human April   Y07969   249               100%   71% Identity 4                                   gaps; Z = 68       Murine pp32   U734778   247                   100% Identity                            
         [0156]    [0156]                     TABLE 3A                       pp32 Homologs                                human pp32 (Genbank Locus HSU73477)       murine pp32 (Genbank Locus MMU73478)       human cerebellar leucine rich acidic nuclear protein (LANP) (Genbank Locus AF025684)       murine LANP (Genbank Locus AF022957)       murine RFC1 (Genbank Locus MUSMRFC, Accession NO. L23755)       HPP2a or human potent heat-stable protein phospatase 2a inhibitor (Genbank Locus HSU60823)       SSP29 (Genbank Locus HSU70439)       HLA-DR associated protein I (Genbank Locus HSPPHAPI, Accession No. X75090)       PHAPI2a (EMBL Locus HSPHAPI2A, Genbank Accession No. Y07569)       PHAPI2b (EMBL Locus HSPHAPI2B, Genbank Accession No. Y07570)       April (EMBL Locus HSAPRIL)                    
         [0157]    [0157]                                                           TABLE 6A                           Tumorigenicity in Nude Mice of NIH3T3 Cells       Transfected with pp32 and pp32 Variants                pp32 Species   Clone   Tumors/   Average Tumor Weight                            FT1.7   1   3/3   14.9 ± 2.1               2 1     3/3   13.3 ± 3.7           FT2.2   1   3/3   10.5 ± 2.8               2   3/3    3.8 ± 2.1           FT2.4   1   3/3 6      1.3 ± 0.9               2   3/3   13.8 ± 3.3           D3   5 2     0/3               6 2     0/3           P3   11   3/3    5.7 ± 0.5               14 3     3/3    2.1 ± 1.2           P8   1 4     3/3    6.4 ± 5.3               2   3/3   11.3 ± 3.9               4 5     3/3   10.1 ± 4.8           L3 (pp32)   5 5     0/3               6 4     0/3           Vector Control   2 3     0/3               3 1     0/3                                                                                                
         [0158]    [0158] 
     
       
       
         1 
         
           
             51  
           
           
             1  
             5785  
             DNA  
             Homo sapiens  
             
               CDS  
               (4453)..(5154)  
                 
             
           
            1 

aagctttcct gatctctaaa tcaaggtcag ctccctaagc tcttggctcc cgtactgaaa     60 

ctttttctta tgtaactctc ataaacacat agcataatgt tttgcatgtt tttcttccct    120 

atcagttgca agttccagca gagctgatat attttcattt cattcgctac tatagcccta    180 

gagcctgaca tagtttctgg ctgtgaatgc tcaataaata tttgtttaat tgagtagaaa    240 

cataaagtat ctatttcatt gaaggaaaga ataattagct acatttttct ttttcttgcc    300 

ttaatatttg aggaatttgc ttatatgtca taataaaaaa gttaaagcct tatacattat    360 

actaaggaat ttggacatta aattcaagct agcctttcta taaacaaaat actgaatttc    420 

tgtccctaaa tttgttcctt ccctattctt ccccattgag atgacaccaa atccctctag    480 

ctgctcaaac caagtacccg tatgttattc ttaattatct ctttaccttg cttctcatat    540 

gcaatttgtt aacaagtcat cttcagtctg tatccattat tctccctttc cagaccacca    600 

acatgtcttg actatactgc tacaatagcc tcccaactct tgtcctactt aaaattcatt    660 

gtaaaaaatc agtcttggcc gggcacggtg gctcacacct ataatcccag cactttggga    720 

gtcccaggcg ggcgggtcac gaggtcaaga gatggagacc atcatggcca acatggtgaa    780 

accctgtctc tactataaat acaaaaaaat tatctgggtg tggtggcaca tgcctgtaat    840 

cccaactact agggaggctg aggcaggaga atcgcttgaa cctgggaggc ggaggttgca    900 

gtgagccgag atcgcaccat tgcactccag cctggcaaca gagcgagact ccatcccaaa    960 

acaaaacaaa acaaaaccat gtaaaacatg tctgtaaaac atgtcagatt tcgtgttcag   1020 

aagtcttaca tgtcttttca ttatgctaag ataaaaccca aatgcatttt cttggtttct   1080 

aaagccaaga aaataagagt tgctttcagc aaccttgttt cttccgccat gcttttccct   1140 

agctcactct ttttaggcaa gtcgacctga ttttctttct gttagtctgt ttctgcctcg   1200 

tggtctggct ttctttctgt tagtctgttt ccacctcgtg gtcttggtcc tggctcttca   1260 

ttctgcctgg aatgctctcc actccagatc cttactagat cttagctcag tcatcaccct   1320 

cgcaggaaga tcttccaacc attcacctgc atacacctat ggctgctccc tagagaacat   1380 

cattctgttt tcttcacttc ctagcactta ctgctttctg aaattatcta ctttgattgt   1440 

ttatttcttt ctttactctt actaggatac ctgggtcatt aaaggaggga tatttctctc   1500 

ttatttactg ttataaactt aatgcttagg ctgtagaagt tatacaatat ttgaagaata   1560 

aatcgttaaa tgtataacat ttttgaagaa agataattgt gggatccatt tagtttgcaa   1620 

acatttgatc tgtgtgttag acagaaggcc atggtaaagg acaaagacat attttatagg   1680 

actgtaccct gaaaaataaa taaacttgaa ccagttatac aagacttatg tgcaggaaac   1740 

aggtaccagt tatatttaga aatggtaaat caccttctaa gcataactca gagcacaata   1800 

tattagaggg tagagagaga agtgcgtctt agatattggt aatcatatta ggactgacgc   1860 

catccttgat ttttcttctg ggaaacagct caaaatgact atttaatgtt tacaatgata   1920 

tcttgcatct tgccagtaaa taatataata gacactagga atccaaattg taagatgaac   1980 

aagtctttat agagggagag ccaaatacac aataaataac acaaggtggt aaatgcagta   2040 

atacaaacat acataccatg cataggagtg cagagaaggt gtgcttctcc gaatgcagtc   2100 

acccagaaag tccttctgta gaaagggata tcttaaatgg tgcttaaagg aaaagtaacc   2160 

aaaggcaact aaagattgca aggaggtccc aggaaaaagc aaaagaacca aaggtacata   2220 

ggcacaaaag tagcctgcct tcctgggaac ttccaatagt ttgctggagc acacagttag   2280 

aagtactgtg ccatgggagc aaagactgaa gacatatgca ggttcaaggg cacagagccc   2340 

catatatgtc atgataagat attgggaagc cactggggag ctactgaaac tttaagcagg   2400 

gaaataaaat tgtcatatct acaccttaga aatttgattt ttttctcttc ttttatcttc   2460 

tcttctcctc tcttctctct ctctctctct ctctctctct gtgtgtgtgt gtgtgtgtgt   2520 

gtgtgtgtgt gacagagtcc tgctctgtca cccaggctgg agtgtagtgg agtgatctcc   2580 

gcttactgca gtctctgcct ctcaagcgat tccctgcctc agcctcccga gtagctggga   2640 

ttacaggcgg gctctacaac agctggctaa cttttgtatt ttttggtaac aaccaggttt   2700 

taccatgttg gccaggctgg tcttgaactc ctgacctcag gtgatctgcc tgccttggct   2760 

ttccaaagtg ctgggattac aggcgtgagc caccctgcct ggtgtagaag tttgattttg   2820 

atgtcagtgt ggtagatgaa tttgtgggaa gcaaaacaag atagagttca atgacagtga   2880 

aaagtttatt gtataagcta tataaaagaa aatgttgaag gtttgaaatc cattagtggc   2940 

agtaagggtg tacagaacga aactatttga gaagtacaca aggcaagtct tactttcaag   3000 

gcagtttatg taagctcatt caattgtctc agtgttcttg ctatgtgtgg gttataggat   3060 

ttggaacata tgatcaatct gagcacacat cagtaaactg aataggatta ttaaaatcca   3120 

caagcatttt actagtggaa tctgtgatat tttctagcta ctcttgcttg ttttatttga   3180 

atcttttgct catatcctat agtaaagatt tcaggaaata tatttttatt tgcctagaat   3240 

tttagccttt tagttttttg aatctattgc tcatattctt atagtaagag tttcagggaa   3300 

tgtatttcta tttgtctgga attttagcct ttcaggtttt tgagcccctc ttttgcttat   3360 

gggacatagt atgagacaag atgaaatgat acttctattc ccaattcact gatggggaaa   3420 

atgaagcaaa aaatgttatt cactcaaggc ttctgccatg tttcctggtg gaattacggc   3480 

tcagacacaa atttcctaat gcctgtgctg ctaacttctc aatagaacac tatattaatt   3540 

tatcttcttc ctgagtgttt ttccacaaat cccatagcct gtgaaaagat tgttttaggg   3600 

aaatattatt tttaatatag catattttgt caatgtggga cataggacta gtacctgctg   3660 

aaaaccatct catgatcctt gtgtaagaac taattcacac tagaaatact attttccttg   3720 

ctcattaaaa acataaatgt ctcagaaagt aaaaaattat tcctctctaa ataaacatac   3780 

atgccactca aattttattc ctctaccact tgccgtatct aaacctagtt agatactttg   3840 

gttttaggta taatctgaca gaacagatac aaccaagatc acattgtgag tcagaagtgg   3900 

aaaattcata attcatgatg ataccaataa aagatagatt tagcttttta caggatgttt   3960 

ttggcatttt attctttcat ttgaggggag atctcaccaa aatatgtctt tcatggttca   4020 

ttgtgttatt taatttctgt gatgcatatt ctcaggttac tttaaaccta gtctatagat   4080 

tcaaagatat cccgtgtcag gtctctaaaa gtaaaaagaa aaatgggtac ttgtgaaggc   4140 

tgattcacag taagtagtgt agaggggagt gccttgtgta ttcacaaatt atcaacgtga   4200 

gcatcagata agattttctt tagtcacaca cacctacctt cttactagga agatccatat   4260 

acttgaataa ttgttctgct tgacccaggt tacttatcag tccctttatt ataatatttg   4320 

taaatattgg ggctcgagaa ccgagcggag ctggttgagt cttcaaagtc ctaaaacgtg   4380 

cggccgtggg ttcgaggttt attgattgaa ttcggctggc acgagagcct ctgcagacag   4440 

agagcgcgag ag atg gag atg ggc aga cgg att cat tca gag ctg cgg aac   4491 
              Met Glu Met Gly Arg Arg Ile His Ser Glu Leu Arg Asn 
              1               5                   10 

agg gcg ccc tct gat gtg aaa gaa ctt gcc ctg gac aac agt cgg tcg     4539 
Arg Ala Pro Ser Asp Val Lys Glu Leu Ala Leu Asp Asn Ser Arg Ser 
    15                  20                  25 

aat gaa ggc aaa ctc gaa gcc ctc aca gat gaa ttt gaa gaa ctg gaa     4587 
Asn Glu Gly Lys Leu Glu Ala Leu Thr Asp Glu Phe Glu Glu Leu Glu 
30                  35                  40                  45 

ttc tta agt aaa atc aac gga ggc ctc acc tca atc tca gac tta cca     4635 
Phe Leu Ser Lys Ile Asn Gly Gly Leu Thr Ser Ile Ser Asp Leu Pro 
                50                  55                  60 

aag tta aag ttg aga aag ctt gaa cta aga gtc tca ggg ggc ctg gaa     4683 
Lys Leu Lys Leu Arg Lys Leu Glu Leu Arg Val Ser Gly Gly Leu Glu 
            65                  70                  75 

gta ttg gca gaa aag tgt cca aac ctc acg cat cta tat tta agt ggc     4731 
Val Leu Ala Glu Lys Cys Pro Asn Leu Thr His Leu Tyr Leu Ser Gly 
        80                  85                  90 

aac aaa att aaa gac ctc agc aca ata gag cca ctg aaa cag tta gaa     4779 
Asn Lys Ile Lys Asp Leu Ser Thr Ile Glu Pro Leu Lys Gln Leu Glu 
    95                  100                 105 

aac ctc aag agc tta gac ctt ttc aat tgc gag gta acc aac ctg aac     4827 
Asn Leu Lys Ser Leu Asp Leu Phe Asn Cys Glu Val Thr Asn Leu Asn 
110                 115                 120                 125 

gac tac gga gaa aac gtg ttc aag ctt ctc ctg caa ctc aca tat ctc     4875 
Asp Tyr Gly Glu Asn Val Phe Lys Leu Leu Leu Gln Leu Thr Tyr Leu 
                130                 135                 140 

gac agc tgt tac tgg gac cac aag gag gcc cct tac tca gat att gag     4923 
Asp Ser Cys Tyr Trp Asp His Lys Glu Ala Pro Tyr Ser Asp Ile Glu 
            145                 150                 155 

gac cac gtg gag ggc ctg gat gac gag gag gag ggt gag cat gag gag     4971 
Asp His Val Glu Gly Leu Asp Asp Glu Glu Glu Gly Glu His Glu Glu 
        160                 165                 170 

gag tat gat gaa gat gct cag gta gtg gaa gat gag gag ggc gag gag     5019 
Glu Tyr Asp Glu Asp Ala Gln Val Val Glu Asp Glu Glu Gly Glu Glu 
    175                 180                 185 

gag gag gag gaa ggt gaa gag gag gac gtg agt gga ggg gac gag gag     5067 
Glu Glu Glu Glu Gly Glu Glu Glu Asp Val Ser Gly Gly Asp Glu Glu 
190                 195                 200                 205 

gat gaa gaa ggt tat aac gat gga gag gta gat ggc gag gaa gat gaa     5115 
Asp Glu Glu Gly Tyr Asn Asp Gly Glu Val Asp Gly Glu Glu Asp Glu 
                210                 215                 220 

gaa gag ctt ggt gaa gaa gaa agg ggt cag aag cga aaa tgagaacctg      5164 
Glu Glu Leu Gly Glu Glu Glu Arg Gly Gln Lys Arg Lys 
            225                 230 

aagatgaggg agaagatgat gactaagtag aataacctat tttgaaaaat tcctattgtg   5224 

atttgactgt ttttacccat atcccctccc ccctccaatc ctgccccctg aaacttactt   5284 

ttttctgatt gtaacattgc tgtgggaatg agacgggaaa agtgtactgg gggttgtgga   5344 

gggagggagg gcaggaggcg gtggactaaa atactatttt tactgccaaa taaaataata   5404 

tttgtaaata ttaactggga tactagcttt gtagaatgat tactattaat tattctctct   5464 

ctctttttat ttttttacac attctattct tttaagtata gtccttttag tccaaggaaa   5524 

aggcactaca atccacttat taatgcttgc tactgtgttc aagtaaaata agctccagga   5584 

tttaacaaaa agaggaaaga aaatatttac aatgaaaatg ttgctaaaaa tttaaaacaa   5644 

attacagtaa atgtattgtt aaagcaaatt ctatttttaa aatttattaa taaggaaata   5704 

atttgctaaa gcaaattttt ggaaaaataa taatgcactt tatacttgat tttatttatt   5764 

aaaacaatga tttataagct t                                             5785 

 
           
             2  
             234  
             PRT  
             Homo sapiens  
           
            2 

Met Glu Met Gly Arg Arg Ile His Ser Glu Leu Arg Asn Arg Ala Pro 
1               5                   10                  15 

Ser Asp Val Lys Glu Leu Ala Leu Asp Asn Ser Arg Ser Asn Glu Gly 
            20                  25                  30 

Lys Leu Glu Ala Leu Thr Asp Glu Phe Glu Glu Leu Glu Phe Leu Ser 
        35                  40                  45 

Lys Ile Asn Gly Gly Leu Thr Ser Ile Ser Asp Leu Pro Lys Leu Lys 
    50                  55                  60 

Leu Arg Lys Leu Glu Leu Arg Val Ser Gly Gly Leu Glu Val Leu Ala 
65                  70                  75                  80 

Glu Lys Cys Pro Asn Leu Thr His Leu Tyr Leu Ser Gly Asn Lys Ile 
                85                  90                  95 

Lys Asp Leu Ser Thr Ile Glu Pro Leu Lys Gln Leu Glu Asn Leu Lys 
            100                 105                 110 

Ser Leu Asp Leu Phe Asn Cys Glu Val Thr Asn Leu Asn Asp Tyr Gly 
        115                 120                 125 

Glu Asn Val Phe Lys Leu Leu Leu Gln Leu Thr Tyr Leu Asp Ser Cys 
    130                 135                 140 

Tyr Trp Asp His Lys Glu Ala Pro Tyr Ser Asp Ile Glu Asp His Val 
145                 150                 155                 160 

Glu Gly Leu Asp Asp Glu Glu Glu Gly Glu His Glu Glu Glu Tyr Asp 
                165                 170                 175 

Glu Asp Ala Gln Val Val Glu Asp Glu Glu Gly Glu Glu Glu Glu Glu 
            180                 185                 190 

Glu Gly Glu Glu Glu Asp Val Ser Gly Gly Asp Glu Glu Asp Glu Glu 
        195                 200                 205 

Gly Tyr Asn Asp Gly Glu Val Asp Gly Glu Glu Asp Glu Glu Glu Leu 
    210                 215                 220 

Gly Glu Glu Glu Arg Gly Gln Lys Arg Lys 
225                 230 

 
           
             3  
             889  
             DNA  
             Homo sapiens  
           
            3 

gggttcgagg tttattgatt gaattcggct ggcacgagag cctctgcaga cagagagcgc     60 

gagagatgga gatgggcaga cggattcatt cagagctgcg gaacagggcg ccctctgatg    120 

tgaaagaact tgccctggac aacagtcggt cgaatgaagg caaactcgaa gccctcacag    180 

atgaatttga agaactggaa ttcttaagta aaatcaacgg aggcctcacc tcaatctcag    240 

acttaccaaa gttaaagttg agaaagcttg aactaagagt ctcagggggc ctggaagtat    300 

tggcagaaaa gtgtccaaac ctcacgcatc tatatttaag tggcaacaaa attaaagacc    360 

tcagcacaat agagccactg aaacagttag aaaacctcaa gagcttagac cttttcaatt    420 

gcgaggtaac caacctgaac gactacggag aaaacgtgtt caagcttctc ctgcaactca    480 

catatctcga cagctgttac tgggaccaca aggaggcccc ttactcagat attgaggacc    540 

acgtggaggg cctggatgac gaggaggagg gtgagcatga ggaggagtat gatgaagatg    600 

ctcaggtagt ggaagatgag gagggcgagg aggaggagga ggaaggtgaa gaggaggacg    660 

tgagtggagg ggacgaggag gatgaagaag gttataacga tggagaggta gatggcgagg    720 

aagatgaaga agagcttggt gaagaagaaa ggggtcagaa gcgaaaatga gaacctgaag    780 

atgagggaga agatgatgac taagtagaat aacctatttt gaaaaattcc tattgtgatt    840 

tgactgtttt tacccatatc ccctcccccc tccaatcctg ccccctgaa                889 

 
           
             4  
             907  
             DNA  
             Homo sapiens  
           
            4 

gggttcgggg tttattgatt gaattcggct ggcgcgggag cctctgcaga gagagagcgc     60 

gagagatgga gatgggcaga cggattcatt tagagctgcg gaacgggacg ccctctgatg    120 

tgaaagaact tgtcctggac aacagtcggt cgaatgaagg caaactcgaa ggcctcacag    180 

atgaatttga agaactggaa ttcttaagta caatcaacgt aggcctcacc tcaatcgcaa    240 

acttaccaaa gttaaacaaa cttaagaagc ttgaactaag cagtaacaga gcctcagtgg    300 

gcctagaagt attggcagaa aagtgtccaa acctcataca tctaaattta agtggcaaca    360 

aaattaaaga cctcagcaca atagagcccc tgaaaaagtt agaaaacctc gagagcttag    420 

accttttcac ttgcgaggta accaacctga acaactactg agagaagatg ttcaagctcc    480 

tcctgcaact cacatatctc aacggctgtg acccggatga caaggaggcc cctaactcgg    540 

atggtgaggg ctttgtggag tgcctggatg acaaggagga ggatgaggat gaggaggagt    600 

atgatgaaga tgctcaggta atggaagatg aggaggacga ggatgaggag gaggaacgtg    660 

aagaggagga cgtgagtgga gacgaggagg agaaggatga aggttataac aatggagagg    720 

tagatgatga ggaagatgaa gaagagcttg gtgaagaaga aaggggtcag aagcgaaaat    780 

aagaaactga agatgaggga gaagacgatg cctaagtgga ataatctatt ttgaaaaatt    840 

ccttttgtga ttttactgtt tttagccgta ccccctctcc ccccccactc taatcctgcc    900 

ccctgaa                                                              907 

 
           
             5  
             130  
             PRT  
             Homo sapiens  
           
            5 

Met Glu Met Gly Arg Arg Ile His Leu Glu Leu Arg Asn Gly Thr Pro 
1               5                   10                  15 

Ser Asp Val Lys Glu Leu Val Leu Asp Asn Ser Arg Ser Asn Glu Gly 
            20                  25                  30 

Lys Leu Glu Gly Leu Thr Asp Glu Phe Glu Glu Leu Glu Phe Leu Ser 
        35                  40                  45 

Thr Ile Asn Val Gly Leu Thr Ser Ile Ala Asn Leu Pro Lys Leu Asn 
    50                  55                  60 

Lys Leu Lys Lys Leu Glu Leu Ser Ser Asn Arg Ala Ser Val Gly Leu 
65                  70                  75                  80 

Glu Val Leu Ala Glu Lys Cys Pro Asn Leu Ile His Leu Asn Leu Ser 
                85                  90                  95 

Gly Asn Lys Ile Lys Asp Leu Ser Thr Ile Glu Pro Leu Lys Lys Leu 
            100                 105                 110 

Glu Asn Leu Glu Ser Leu Asp Leu Phe Thr Cys Glu Val Thr Asn Leu 
        115                 120                 125 

Asn Asn 
    130 

 
           
             6  
             907  
             DNA  
             Homo sapiens  
           
            6 

gggttcgggg tttattgatt gaattcggct ggcacgagag cctctgcaga cagagagcgc     60 

gagagacgga gatgggcaga cggattcatc tagagctgcg gaacagggcg ccctctgatg    120 

tgaaagaact tgccctggac aacagtcggt cgaatgaagg caaactcgaa gccctcacag    180 

atgaatttga agaactggaa ttcttaagta aaatcaacgg aggcctcacc tcaatctcag    240 

acttaccaaa gttaaacaag ttgagaaagc ttgaactaag cagtaacaga gtctcagggg    300 

gcctggaagt attggcagaa aagtgtccaa acctcacgca tctatattta agtggcaaca    360 

aaattaaaga cctcagcaca atagagccac tgaaacagtt agaaaacctc aagagcttag    420 

accttttcaa ttgcgaggta accaacctga acgactacgg agaaaacgtg ttcaagcttc    480 

tcctgcaact cacatatctc gacagctgtt actgggacca caaggaggcc ccttactcag    540 

atattgaggc ccacgtggag ggcctggatg acgaggagga gggtgagcat gaggaggagt    600 

atgatgaaga tgctcaggta gtggaagatg aggagggcga ggaggaggag gaggaaggtg    660 

aagaggagga cgtgagtgga ggggacgagg aggatgaaga aggttataac gatggagagg    720 

tagatggcga ggaagatgaa gaagagcttg gtgaagaaga aaggggtcag aagcgaaaat    780 

gagaacctga agatgaggga gaagatgatg actaagtaga ataacctatt ttgaaaaatt    840 

cctattgtga tttgactgtt tttacccata tcccctctcc cccccccctc taatcctgcc    900 

ccctgaa                                                              907 

 
           
             7  
             905  
             DNA  
             Homo sapiens  
             
               CDS  
               (64)..(453)  
                 
             
           
            7 

gggttcgggg tttattggtt gaattccgct ggctcaggag cctctgcaga gaaagcgtga     60 

gag atg gag atg ggc aaa tgg att cat tta gag ctg cgg aac agg acg      108 
    Met Glu Met Gly Lys Trp Ile His Leu Glu Leu Arg Asn Arg Thr 
    1               5                   10                  15 

ccc tcc gat gtg aaa gaa ctt ttc ctg gac aac agt cag tca aat gaa      156 
Pro Ser Asp Val Lys Glu Leu Phe Leu Asp Asn Ser Gln Ser Asn Glu 
                20                  25                  30 

ggc aaa ttg gaa ggc ctc aca gat gaa ttt gaa gaa ctg gaa tta tta      204 
Gly Lys Leu Glu Gly Leu Thr Asp Glu Phe Glu Glu Leu Glu Leu Leu 
            35                  40                  45 

aat aca atc aac ata ggc ctc acc tca att gca aac ttg cca aag tta      252 
Asn Thr Ile Asn Ile Gly Leu Thr Ser Ile Ala Asn Leu Pro Lys Leu 
        50                  55                  60 

aac aaa ctt aag aag ctt gaa cta agc agt aac aga gcc tca gtg ggc      300 
Asn Lys Leu Lys Lys Leu Glu Leu Ser Ser Asn Arg Ala Ser Val Gly 
    65                  70                  75 

cta gaa gta ttg gca gaa aag tgt cca aac ctc ata cat cta aat tta      348 
Leu Glu Val Leu Ala Glu Lys Cys Pro Asn Leu Ile His Leu Asn Leu 
80                  85                  90                  95 

agt ggc aac aaa att aaa gac ctc agc aca ata gag ccc ctg aaa aag      396 
Ser Gly Asn Lys Ile Lys Asp Leu Ser Thr Ile Glu Pro Leu Lys Lys 
                100                 105                 110 

tta gaa aac ctc gag agc tta gac ctt ttc act tgc gag gta acc aac      444 
Leu Glu Asn Leu Glu Ser Leu Asp Leu Phe Thr Cys Glu Val Thr Asn 
            115                 120                 125 

ctg aac aac tactgagaaa agatgttcaa gctcctcctg caactcacat              493 
Leu Asn Asn 
        130 

atctcaacgg ctgtgacccg gatgacaagg aggcccctaa ctcggatggt gagggctatg    553 

tggagtgcct ggatgacaag gaggaggatg aggatgagga ggagtatgat gaagatgctc    613 

aggtaatgga agatgaggag gacgaggatg aggaggagga acgtgaagag gaggacgtga    673 

gtggagacga ggaggagaag gatgaaggtt ataacaatgg agaggtagat gatgaggaag    733 

atgaagaaga gcttggtgaa gaagaaaggg gtcagaagcg aaaataagaa actgaagatg    793 

agggagaaga cgatgcctaa gtggaataat ctattttgaa aaattccttt tgtgatttta    853 

ctgtttttag ccgtatcccc tctccccccc cactctaatc ctgccccctg aa            905 

 
           
             8  
             130  
             PRT  
             Homo sapiens  
           
            8 

Met Glu Met Gly Lys Trp Ile His Leu Glu Leu Arg Asn Arg Thr Pro 
1               5                   10                  15 

Ser Asp Val Lys Glu Leu Phe Leu Asp Asn Ser Gln Ser Asn Glu Gly 
            20                  25                  30 

Lys Leu Glu Gly Leu Thr Asp Glu Phe Glu Glu Leu Glu Leu Leu Asn 
        35                  40                  45 

Thr Ile Asn Ile Gly Leu Thr Ser Ile Ala Asn Leu Pro Lys Leu Asn 
    50                  55                  60 

Lys Leu Lys Lys Leu Glu Leu Ser Ser Asn Arg Ala Ser Val Gly Leu 
65                  70                  75                  80 

Glu Val Leu Ala Glu Lys Cys Pro Asn Leu Ile His Leu Asn Leu Ser 
                85                  90                  95 

Gly Asn Lys Ile Lys Asp Leu Ser Thr Ile Glu Pro Leu Lys Lys Leu 
            100                 105                 110 

Glu Asn Leu Glu Ser Leu Asp Leu Phe Thr Cys Glu Val Thr Asn Leu 
        115                 120                 125 

Asn Asn 
    130 

 
           
             9  
             907  
             DNA  
             Homo sapiens  
             
               CDS  
               (66)..(812)  
                 
             
           
            9 

gggttcgggg tttattgatt gaattccgcc ggcgcgggag cctctgcaga gagagagcgc     60 

gagag atg gag atg ggc aga cgg att cat tta gag ctg cgg aac agg acg    110 
      Met Glu Met Gly Arg Arg Ile His Leu Glu Leu Arg Asn Arg Thr 
      1               5                   10                  15 

ccc tct gat gtg aaa gaa ctt gtc ctg gac aac agt cgg tcg aat gaa      158 
Pro Ser Asp Val Lys Glu Leu Val Leu Asp Asn Ser Arg Ser Asn Glu 
                20                  25                  30 

ggc aaa ctc gaa ggc ctc aca gat gaa ttt gaa gaa ctg gaa ttc tta      206 
Gly Lys Leu Glu Gly Leu Thr Asp Glu Phe Glu Glu Leu Glu Phe Leu 
            35                  40                  45 

agt aca atc aac gta ggc ctc acc tca atc gca aac ttg cca aag tta      254 
Ser Thr Ile Asn Val Gly Leu Thr Ser Ile Ala Asn Leu Pro Lys Leu 
        50                  55                  60 

aac aaa ctt aag aag ctt gaa cta agc agt aac aga gcc tca gtg ggc      302 
Asn Lys Leu Lys Lys Leu Glu Leu Ser Ser Asn Arg Ala Ser Val Gly 
    65                  70                  75 

cta gaa gta ttg gca gaa aag tgt cca aac ctc ata cat cta aat tta      350 
Leu Glu Val Leu Ala Glu Lys Cys Pro Asn Leu Ile His Leu Asn Leu 
80                  85                  90                  95 

agt ggc aac aaa att aaa gac ctc agc aca ata gag cca ctg aaa aag      398 
Ser Gly Asn Lys Ile Lys Asp Leu Ser Thr Ile Glu Pro Leu Lys Lys 
                100                 105                 110 

tta gaa aac ctc aag agc tta gac ctt tcc aat tgc gag gta acc aac      446 
Leu Glu Asn Leu Lys Ser Leu Asp Leu Ser Asn Cys Glu Val Thr Asn 
            115                 120                 125 

ctg aac gac tac cga gaa aat gtg ttc aag ctc ctc ccg caa ctc aca      494 
Leu Asn Asp Tyr Arg Glu Asn Val Phe Lys Leu Leu Pro Gln Leu Thr 
        130                 135                 140 

tat ctc gac ggc tat gac cgg gac gac aag gag gcc cct gac tcg gat      542 
Tyr Leu Asp Gly Tyr Asp Arg Asp Asp Lys Glu Ala Pro Asp Ser Asp 
    145                 150                 155 

gct gag ggc tac gtg gag ggc ctg gat gat gag gag gag gat gag gat      590 
Ala Glu Gly Tyr Val Glu Gly Leu Asp Asp Glu Glu Glu Asp Glu Asp 
160                 165                 170                 175 

gag gag gag tat gat gaa gat gct cag gta gta gaa gat gag gag gac      638 
Glu Glu Glu Tyr Asp Glu Asp Ala Gln Val Val Glu Asp Glu Glu Asp 
                180                 185                 190 

gag gat gag gag gag gaa ggt gaa gag gag gac gtg agt gga gag gag      686 
Glu Asp Glu Glu Glu Glu Gly Glu Glu Glu Asp Val Ser Gly Glu Glu 
            195                 200                 205 

gag gag gat gaa gaa ggt tat aac gat gga gag gta gat gac gag gaa      734 
Glu Glu Asp Glu Glu Gly Tyr Asn Asp Gly Glu Val Asp Asp Glu Glu 
        210                 215                 220 

gat gaa gaa gag ctt ggt gaa gaa gaa agg ggt cag aag cga aaa cga      782 
Asp Glu Glu Glu Leu Gly Glu Glu Glu Arg Gly Gln Lys Arg Lys Arg 
    225                 230                 235 

gaa cct gaa gat gag gga gaa gat gat gac taagtggaat aacctatttt        832 
Glu Pro Glu Asp Glu Gly Glu Asp Asp Asp 
240                 245 

gaaaaattcc tattgtgatt tgactgtttt tacccatatc ccctctcccc cccccctcta    892 

atcctgcccc ctgaa                                                     907 

 
           
             10  
             249  
             PRT  
             Homo sapiens  
           
            10 

Met Glu Met Gly Arg Arg Ile His Leu Glu Leu Arg Asn Arg Thr Pro 
1               5                   10                  15 

Ser Asp Val Lys Glu Leu Val Leu Asp Asn Ser Arg Ser Asn Glu Gly 
            20                  25                  30 

Lys Leu Glu Gly Leu Thr Asp Glu Phe Glu Glu Leu Glu Phe Leu Ser 
        35                  40                  45 

Thr Ile Asn Val Gly Leu Thr Ser Ile Ala Asn Leu Pro Lys Leu Asn 
    50                  55                  60 

Lys Leu Lys Lys Leu Glu Leu Ser Ser Asn Arg Ala Ser Val Gly Leu 
65                  70                  75                  80 

Glu Val Leu Ala Glu Lys Cys Pro Asn Leu Ile His Leu Asn Leu Ser 
                85                  90                  95 

Gly Asn Lys Ile Lys Asp Leu Ser Thr Ile Glu Pro Leu Lys Lys Leu 
            100                 105                 110 

Glu Asn Leu Lys Ser Leu Asp Leu Ser Asn Cys Glu Val Thr Asn Leu 
        115                 120                 125 

Asn Asp Tyr Arg Glu Asn Val Phe Lys Leu Leu Pro Gln Leu Thr Tyr 
    130                 135                 140 

Leu Asp Gly Tyr Asp Arg Asp Asp Lys Glu Ala Pro Asp Ser Asp Ala 
145                 150                 155                 160 

Glu Gly Tyr Val Glu Gly Leu Asp Asp Glu Glu Glu Asp Glu Asp Glu 
                165                 170                 175 

Glu Glu Tyr Asp Glu Asp Ala Gln Val Val Glu Asp Glu Glu Asp Glu 
            180                 185                 190 

Asp Glu Glu Glu Glu Gly Glu Glu Glu Asp Val Ser Gly Glu Glu Glu 
        195                 200                 205 

Glu Asp Glu Glu Gly Tyr Asn Asp Gly Glu Val Asp Asp Glu Glu Asp 
    210                 215                 220 

Glu Glu Glu Leu Gly Glu Glu Glu Arg Gly Gln Lys Arg Lys Arg Glu 
225                 230                 235                 240 

Pro Glu Asp Glu Gly Glu Asp Asp Asp 
                245 

 
           
             11  
             905  
             DNA  
             Homo sapiens  
             
               CDS  
               (64)..(810)  
                 
             
           
            11 

gggttcgggg tttattggtt gaattccgct ggctcaggag cctctgcaga gaaagcgtga     60 

gag atg gag atg ggc aaa tgg att cat tta gag ctg cgg aac agg acg      108 
    Met Glu Met Gly Lys Trp Ile His Leu Glu Leu Arg Asn Arg Thr 
    1               5                   10                  15 

ccc tcc gat gtg aaa gaa ctt ttc ctg gac aac agt cag tca aat gaa      156 
Pro Ser Asp Val Lys Glu Leu Phe Leu Asp Asn Ser Gln Ser Asn Glu 
                20                  25                  30 

ggc aaa ttg gaa ggc ctc aca gat gaa ttt gaa gaa ctg gaa tta tta      204 
Gly Lys Leu Glu Gly Leu Thr Asp Glu Phe Glu Glu Leu Glu Leu Leu 
            35                  40                  45 

aat aca atc aac ata ggc ctc acc tca att gca aac ttg cca aag tta      252 
Asn Thr Ile Asn Ile Gly Leu Thr Ser Ile Ala Asn Leu Pro Lys Leu 
        50                  55                  60 

aac aaa ctt aag aag ctt gaa cta agc agt aac aga gcc tca gtg ggc      300 
Asn Lys Leu Lys Lys Leu Glu Leu Ser Ser Asn Arg Ala Ser Val Gly 
    65                  70                  75 

cta gaa gta ttg gca gaa aag tgt cca aac ctc ata cat cta aat tta      348 
Leu Glu Val Leu Ala Glu Lys Cys Pro Asn Leu Ile His Leu Asn Leu 
80                  85                  90                  95 

agt ggc aac aaa att aaa gac ctc agc aca ata gag ccc ctg aaa aag      396 
Ser Gly Asn Lys Ile Lys Asp Leu Ser Thr Ile Glu Pro Leu Lys Lys 
                100                 105                 110 

tta gaa aac ctc gag agc tta gac ctt ttc act tgc gag gta acc aac      444 
Leu Glu Asn Leu Glu Ser Leu Asp Leu Phe Thr Cys Glu Val Thr Asn 
            115                 120                 125 

ctg aac aac tac cga gaa aat gtg ttc aag ctc ctc ccg caa ctc aca      492 
Leu Asn Asn Tyr Arg Glu Asn Val Phe Lys Leu Leu Pro Gln Leu Thr 
        130                 135                 140 

tat ctc gac ggc tat gac cgg gac gac aag gag gcc cct gac tcg gat      540 
Tyr Leu Asp Gly Tyr Asp Arg Asp Asp Lys Glu Ala Pro Asp Ser Asp 
    145                 150                 155 

gct gag ggc tac gtg gag ggc ctg gat gat gag gag gag gat gag gat      588 
Ala Glu Gly Tyr Val Glu Gly Leu Asp Asp Glu Glu Glu Asp Glu Asp 
160                 165                 170                 175 

gag gag gag tat gat gaa gat gct cag gta gtg gaa gac gag gag gac      636 
Glu Glu Glu Tyr Asp Glu Asp Ala Gln Val Val Glu Asp Glu Glu Asp 
                180                 185                 190 

gag gat gag gag gag gaa ggt gaa gag gag gac gtg agt gga gag gag      684 
Glu Asp Glu Glu Glu Glu Gly Glu Glu Glu Asp Val Ser Gly Glu Glu 
            195                 200                 205 

gag gag gat gaa gaa ggt tat aac gat gga gag gta gat gac gag gaa      732 
Glu Glu Asp Glu Glu Gly Tyr Asn Asp Gly Glu Val Asp Asp Glu Glu 
        210                 215                 220 

gat gaa gaa gag ctt ggt gaa gaa gaa agg ggt cag aag cga aaa cga      780 
Asp Glu Glu Glu Leu Gly Glu Glu Glu Arg Gly Gln Lys Arg Lys Arg 
    225                 230                 235 

gaa cct gaa gat gag gga gaa gat gat gac taagtggaat aacctatttt        830 
Glu Pro Glu Asp Glu Gly Glu Asp Asp Asp 
240                 245 

gaaaaattcc tattgtgatt tgactgtttt tacccatatc ccctctcccc cccccctcta    890 

atcctgcccc ctgaa                                                     905 

 
           
             12  
             249  
             PRT  
             Homo sapiens  
           
            12 

Met Glu Met Gly Lys Trp Ile His Leu Glu Leu Arg Asn Arg Thr Pro 
1               5                   10                  15 

Ser Asp Val Lys Glu Leu Phe Leu Asp Asn Ser Gln Ser Asn Glu Gly 
            20                  25                  30 

Lys Leu Glu Gly Leu Thr Asp Glu Phe Glu Glu Leu Glu Leu Leu Asn 
        35                  40                  45 

Thr Ile Asn Ile Gly Leu Thr Ser Ile Ala Asn Leu Pro Lys Leu Asn 
    50                  55                  60 

Lys Leu Lys Lys Leu Glu Leu Ser Ser Asn Arg Ala Ser Val Gly Leu 
65                  70                  75                  80 

Glu Val Leu Ala Glu Lys Cys Pro Asn Leu Ile His Leu Asn Leu Ser 
                85                  90                  95 

Gly Asn Lys Ile Lys Asp Leu Ser Thr Ile Glu Pro Leu Lys Lys Leu 
            100                 105                 110 

Glu Asn Leu Glu Ser Leu Asp Leu Phe Thr Cys Glu Val Thr Asn Leu 
        115                 120                 125 

Asn Asn Tyr Arg Glu Asn Val Phe Lys Leu Leu Pro Gln Leu Thr Tyr 
    130                 135                 140 

Leu Asp Gly Tyr Asp Arg Asp Asp Lys Glu Ala Pro Asp Ser Asp Ala 
145                 150                 155                 160 

Glu Gly Tyr Val Glu Gly Leu Asp Asp Glu Glu Glu Asp Glu Asp Glu 
                165                 170                 175 

Glu Glu Tyr Asp Glu Asp Ala Gln Val Val Glu Asp Glu Glu Asp Glu 
            180                 185                 190 

Asp Glu Glu Glu Glu Gly Glu Glu Glu Asp Val Ser Gly Glu Glu Glu 
        195                 200                 205 

Glu Asp Glu Glu Gly Tyr Asn Asp Gly Glu Val Asp Asp Glu Glu Asp 
    210                 215                 220 

Glu Glu Glu Leu Gly Glu Glu Glu Arg Gly Gln Lys Arg Lys Arg Glu 
225                 230                 235                 240 

Pro Glu Asp Glu Gly Glu Asp Asp Asp 
                245 

 
           
             13  
             907  
             DNA  
             Homo sapiens  
             
               CDS  
               (66)..(812)  
                 
             
           
            13 

gggttcgggg tttattgatt gaattccgcc ggcgcgggag cctctgcaga gagagagcgc     60 

gagag atg gag atg ggc aga cgg att cat tta gag ctg cgg aac agg acg    110 
      Met Glu Met Gly Arg Arg Ile His Leu Glu Leu Arg Asn Arg Thr 
      1               5                   10                  15 

ccc tct gat gtg aaa gaa ctt gtc ctg gac aac agt cgg tcg aat gaa      158 
Pro Ser Asp Val Lys Glu Leu Val Leu Asp Asn Ser Arg Ser Asn Glu 
                20                  25                  30 

ggc aaa ctc gaa ggc ctc aca gat gaa ttt gaa gaa ctg gaa ttc tta      206 
Gly Lys Leu Glu Gly Leu Thr Asp Glu Phe Glu Glu Leu Glu Phe Leu 
            35                  40                  45 

agt aca atc aac gta ggc ctc acc tca atc gca aac tta cca aag tta      254 
Ser Thr Ile Asn Val Gly Leu Thr Ser Ile Ala Asn Leu Pro Lys Leu 
        50                  55                  60 

aac aaa ctt aag aag ctt gaa cta agc gat aac aga gtc tca ggg ggc      302 
Asn Lys Leu Lys Lys Leu Glu Leu Ser Asp Asn Arg Val Ser Gly Gly 
    65                  70                  75 

ctg gaa gta ttg gca gaa aag tgt ccg aac ctc acg cat cta aat tta      350 
Leu Glu Val Leu Ala Glu Lys Cys Pro Asn Leu Thr His Leu Asn Leu 
80                  85                  90                  95 

agt ggc aac aaa att aaa gac ctc agc aca ata gag cca ctg aaa aag      398 
Ser Gly Asn Lys Ile Lys Asp Leu Ser Thr Ile Glu Pro Leu Lys Lys 
                100                 105                 110 

tta gaa aac ctc aag agc tta gac ctt ttc aat tgc gag gta acc aac      446 
Leu Glu Asn Leu Lys Ser Leu Asp Leu Phe Asn Cys Glu Val Thr Asn 
            115                 120                 125 

ctg aac gac tac cga gaa aat gtg ttc aag ctc ctc ccg caa ctc aca      494 
Leu Asn Asp Tyr Arg Glu Asn Val Phe Lys Leu Leu Pro Gln Leu Thr 
        130                 135                 140 

tat ctc gac ggc tat gac cgg gac gac aag gag gcc cct gac tcg gat      542 
Tyr Leu Asp Gly Tyr Asp Arg Asp Asp Lys Glu Ala Pro Asp Ser Asp 
    145                 150                 155 

gct gag ggc tac gtg gag ggc ctg gat gat gag gag gag gat gag gat      590 
Ala Glu Gly Tyr Val Glu Gly Leu Asp Asp Glu Glu Glu Asp Glu Asp 
160                 165                 170                 175 

gag gag gag tat gat gaa gat gct cag gta gtg gaa gac gag gag gac      638 
Glu Glu Glu Tyr Asp Glu Asp Ala Gln Val Val Glu Asp Glu Glu Asp 
                180                 185                 190 

gag gat gag gag gag gaa ggt gaa gag gag gac gtg agt gga gag gag      686 
Glu Asp Glu Glu Glu Glu Gly Glu Glu Glu Asp Val Ser Gly Glu Glu 
            195                 200                 205 

gag gag gat gaa gaa ggt tat aac gat gga gag gta gat gac gag gaa      734 
Glu Glu Asp Glu Glu Gly Tyr Asn Asp Gly Glu Val Asp Asp Glu Glu 
        210                 215                 220 

gat gaa gaa gag ctt ggt gaa gaa gaa agg ggt cag aag cga aaa cga      782 
Asp Glu Glu Glu Leu Gly Glu Glu Glu Arg Gly Gln Lys Arg Lys Arg 
    225                 230                 235 

gaa cct gaa gat gag gga gaa gat gat gac taagtggaat aacctatttt        832 
Glu Pro Glu Asp Glu Gly Glu Asp Asp Asp 
240                 245 

gaaaaattcc tattgtgatt tgactgtttt tacccatatc ccctctcccc cccccctcta    892 

atcctgcccc ctgaa                                                     907 

 
           
             14  
             249  
             PRT  
             Homo sapiens  
           
            14 

Met Glu Met Gly Arg Arg Ile His Leu Glu Leu Arg Asn Arg Thr Pro 
1               5                   10                  15 

Ser Asp Val Lys Glu Leu Val Leu Asp Asn Ser Arg Ser Asn Glu Gly 
            20                  25                  30 

Lys Leu Glu Gly Leu Thr Asp Glu Phe Glu Glu Leu Glu Phe Leu Ser 
        35                  40                  45 

Thr Ile Asn Val Gly Leu Thr Ser Ile Ala Asn Leu Pro Lys Leu Asn 
    50                  55                  60 

Lys Leu Lys Lys Leu Glu Leu Ser Asp Asn Arg Val Ser Gly Gly Leu 
65                  70                  75                  80 

Glu Val Leu Ala Glu Lys Cys Pro Asn Leu Thr His Leu Asn Leu Ser 
                85                  90                  95 

Gly Asn Lys Ile Lys Asp Leu Ser Thr Ile Glu Pro Leu Lys Lys Leu 
            100                 105                 110 

Glu Asn Leu Lys Ser Leu Asp Leu Phe Asn Cys Glu Val Thr Asn Leu 
        115                 120                 125 

Asn Asp Tyr Arg Glu Asn Val Phe Lys Leu Leu Pro Gln Leu Thr Tyr 
    130                 135                 140 

Leu Asp Gly Tyr Asp Arg Asp Asp Lys Glu Ala Pro Asp Ser Asp Ala 
145                 150                 155                 160 

Glu Gly Tyr Val Glu Gly Leu Asp Asp Glu Glu Glu Asp Glu Asp Glu 
                165                 170                 175 

Glu Glu Tyr Asp Glu Asp Ala Gln Val Val Glu Asp Glu Glu Asp Glu 
            180                 185                 190 

Asp Glu Glu Glu Glu Gly Glu Glu Glu Asp Val Ser Gly Glu Glu Glu 
        195                 200                 205 

Glu Asp Glu Glu Gly Tyr Asn Asp Gly Glu Val Asp Asp Glu Glu Asp 
    210                 215                 220 

Glu Glu Glu Leu Gly Glu Glu Glu Arg Gly Gln Lys Arg Lys Arg Glu 
225                 230                 235                 240 

Pro Glu Asp Glu Gly Glu Asp Asp Asp 
                245 

 
           
             15  
             895  
             DNA  
             Homo sapiens  
             
               CDS  
               (66)..(767)  
                 
             
           
            15 

gggttcgggg tttattgatt gaattcggct ggcacgagag cctctgcaga cagagagcgc     60 

gagag atg gag atg ggc aga cgg att cat tca gag ctg cgg aac agg gcg    110 
      Met Glu Met Gly Arg Arg Ile His Ser Glu Leu Arg Asn Arg Ala 
      1               5                   10                  15 

ccc tct gat gtg aaa gaa ctt gcc ctg gac aac agt cgg tcg aat gaa      158 
Pro Ser Asp Val Lys Glu Leu Ala Leu Asp Asn Ser Arg Ser Asn Glu 
                20                  25                  30 

ggc aaa ctc gaa gcc ctc aca gat gaa ttt gaa gaa ctg gaa ttc tta      206 
Gly Lys Leu Glu Ala Leu Thr Asp Glu Phe Glu Glu Leu Glu Phe Leu 
            35                  40                  45 

agt aaa atc aac gga ggc ctc acc tca atc tca gac tta cca aag tta      254 
Ser Lys Ile Asn Gly Gly Leu Thr Ser Ile Ser Asp Leu Pro Lys Leu 
        50                  55                  60 

aag ttg aga aag ctt gaa cta aga gtc tca ggg ggc ctg gaa gta ttg      302 
Lys Leu Arg Lys Leu Glu Leu Arg Val Ser Gly Gly Leu Glu Val Leu 
    65                  70                  75 

gca gaa aag tgt cca aac ctc acg cat cta tat tta agt ggc aac aaa      350 
Ala Glu Lys Cys Pro Asn Leu Thr His Leu Tyr Leu Ser Gly Asn Lys 
80                  85                  90                  95 

att aaa gac ctc agc aca ata gag cca ctg aaa cag tta gaa aac ctc      398 
Ile Lys Asp Leu Ser Thr Ile Glu Pro Leu Lys Gln Leu Glu Asn Leu 
                100                 105                 110 

aag agc tta gac ctt ttc aat tgc gag gta acc aac ctg aac gac tac      446 
Lys Ser Leu Asp Leu Phe Asn Cys Glu Val Thr Asn Leu Asn Asp Tyr 
            115                 120                 125 

gga gaa aac gtg ttc aag ctt ctc ctg caa ctc aca tat ctc gac agc      494 
Gly Glu Asn Val Phe Lys Leu Leu Leu Gln Leu Thr Tyr Leu Asp Ser 
        130                 135                 140 

tgt tac tgg gac cac aag gag gcc cct tac tca gat att gag gac cac      542 
Cys Tyr Trp Asp His Lys Glu Ala Pro Tyr Ser Asp Ile Glu Asp His 
    145                 150                 155 

gtg gag ggc ctg gat gac gag gag gag ggt gag cat gag gag gag tat      590 
Val Glu Gly Leu Asp Asp Glu Glu Glu Gly Glu His Glu Glu Glu Tyr 
160                 165                 170                 175 

gat gaa gat gct cag gta gtg gaa gat gag gag ggc gag gag gag gag      638 
Asp Glu Asp Ala Gln Val Val Glu Asp Glu Glu Gly Glu Glu Glu Glu 
                180                 185                 190 

gag gaa ggt gaa gag gag gac gtg agt gga ggg gac ggg gag gat gaa      686 
Glu Glu Gly Glu Glu Glu Asp Val Ser Gly Gly Asp Gly Glu Asp Glu 
            195                 200                 205 

gaa ggt tat aac gat gga gag gta gat ggc gag gaa gat gaa gaa gag      734 
Glu Gly Tyr Asn Asp Gly Glu Val Asp Gly Glu Glu Asp Glu Glu Glu 
        210                 215                 220 

ctt ggt gaa gaa gaa agg ggt cag aag cga aaa tgagaacctg aagatgaggg    787 
Leu Gly Glu Glu Glu Arg Gly Gln Lys Arg Lys 
    225                 230 

agaagatgat gactaagtag aataacctat tttgaaaaat tcctattgtg atttgactgt    847 

ttttacccat atcccatctc ccccccccct ctaatcctgc cccctgaa                 895 

 
           
             16  
             234  
             PRT  
             Homo sapiens  
           
            16 

Met Glu Met Gly Arg Arg Ile His Ser Glu Leu Arg Asn Arg Ala Pro 
1               5                   10                  15 

Ser Asp Val Lys Glu Leu Ala Leu Asp Asn Ser Arg Ser Asn Glu Gly 
            20                  25                  30 

Lys Leu Glu Ala Leu Thr Asp Glu Phe Glu Glu Leu Glu Phe Leu Ser 
        35                  40                  45 

Lys Ile Asn Gly Gly Leu Thr Ser Ile Ser Asp Leu Pro Lys Leu Lys 
    50                  55                  60 

Leu Arg Lys Leu Glu Leu Arg Val Ser Gly Gly Leu Glu Val Leu Ala 
65                  70                  75                  80 

Glu Lys Cys Pro Asn Leu Thr His Leu Tyr Leu Ser Gly Asn Lys Ile 
                85                  90                  95 

Lys Asp Leu Ser Thr Ile Glu Pro Leu Lys Gln Leu Glu Asn Leu Lys 
            100                 105                 110 

Ser Leu Asp Leu Phe Asn Cys Glu Val Thr Asn Leu Asn Asp Tyr Gly 
        115                 120                 125 

Glu Asn Val Phe Lys Leu Leu Leu Gln Leu Thr Tyr Leu Asp Ser Cys 
    130                 135                 140 

Tyr Trp Asp His Lys Glu Ala Pro Tyr Ser Asp Ile Glu Asp His Val 
145                 150                 155                 160 

Glu Gly Leu Asp Asp Glu Glu Glu Gly Glu His Glu Glu Glu Tyr Asp 
                165                 170                 175 

Glu Asp Ala Gln Val Val Glu Asp Glu Glu Gly Glu Glu Glu Glu Glu 
            180                 185                 190 

Glu Gly Glu Glu Glu Asp Val Ser Gly Gly Asp Gly Glu Asp Glu Glu 
        195                 200                 205 

Gly Tyr Asn Asp Gly Glu Val Asp Gly Glu Glu Asp Glu Glu Glu Leu 
    210                 215                 220 

Gly Glu Glu Glu Arg Gly Gln Lys Arg Lys 
225                 230 

 
           
             17  
             905  
             DNA  
             Homo sapiens  
             
               CDS  
               (64)..(453)  
                 
             
           
            17 

gggttcgggg tttattggtt gaattccgct ggctcgagag cctctggaga gaaagcgtga     60 

gag atg gag atg ggc aaa tgg att cat tta gag ctg cgg aac agg acg      108 
    Met Glu Met Gly Lys Trp Ile His Leu Glu Leu Arg Asn Arg Thr 
    1               5                   10                  15 

ccc tcc gat gtg aaa gaa ctt ttc ctg gac aac agt cag tca aat gaa      156 
Pro Ser Asp Val Lys Glu Leu Phe Leu Asp Asn Ser Gln Ser Asn Glu 
                20                  25                  30 

ggc aaa ttg gaa ggc ctc aca gat gaa ttt gag gaa ctg gaa tta tta      204 
Gly Lys Leu Glu Gly Leu Thr Asp Glu Phe Glu Glu Leu Glu Leu Leu 
            35                  40                  45 

aat aca atc aac ata ggc ctc acc tca att gca aac ttg cca aag tta      252 
Asn Thr Ile Asn Ile Gly Leu Thr Ser Ile Ala Asn Leu Pro Lys Leu 
        50                  55                  60 

aac aaa ctt aag aag ctt gaa cta agc agt aac aga gcc tca gtg ggc      300 
Asn Lys Leu Lys Lys Leu Glu Leu Ser Ser Asn Arg Ala Ser Val Gly 
    65                  70                  75 

cta gaa gta ttg gca gaa aag tgt cca aac ctc ata cat cta aat tta      348 
Leu Glu Val Leu Ala Glu Lys Cys Pro Asn Leu Ile His Leu Asn Leu 
80                  85                  90                  95 

agt ggc aac aaa att aaa gac ctc agc aca ata gag ccc ctg aaa aag      396 
Ser Gly Asn Lys Ile Lys Asp Leu Ser Thr Ile Glu Pro Leu Lys Lys 
                100                 105                 110 

tta gaa aac ctt gag agc tta gac ctt ttc act tgc gag gta acc aac      444 
Leu Glu Asn Leu Glu Ser Leu Asp Leu Phe Thr Cys Glu Val Thr Asn 
            115                 120                 125 

ctg aac aac tactgagaaa agatgttcaa gctcctcctg caactcacat              493 
Leu Asn Asn 
        130 

atctcaacgg ctgtgacccg gatgacaagg aggcccctaa ctcggatggt gagggctacg    553 

tggagggcct ggacgatgag gaggaggatg aggatgagga ggagtatgat gaagatgctc    613 

aggtagtgga agacgaggag gacgaggatg aggaggagga aggtgaagag gaggacgtga    673 

gtggagagga ggaggaggat gaagaaggtt ataacgatgg agaggtagat gacgaggaag    733 

atgaagaaga gcttggtgaa gaagaaaggg gtcagaagcg aaaacgagaa cctgaagatg    793 

agggagaaga tgatgactaa gtggaataac ctattttgaa aaattcctat tgtgatttga    853 

ctgtttttag ccgtatcccc tctccccccc cactctaatc ctgccccctg aa            905 

 
           
             18  
             130  
             PRT  
             Homo sapiens  
           
            18 

Met Glu Met Gly Lys Trp Ile His Leu Glu Leu Arg Asn Arg Thr Pro 
1               5                   10                  15 

Ser Asp Val Lys Glu Leu Phe Leu Asp Asn Ser Gln Ser Asn Glu Gly 
            20                  25                  30 

Lys Leu Glu Gly Leu Thr Asp Glu Phe Glu Glu Leu Glu Leu Leu Asn 
        35                  40                  45 

Thr Ile Asn Ile Gly Leu Thr Ser Ile Ala Asn Leu Pro Lys Leu Asn 
    50                  55                  60 

Lys Leu Lys Lys Leu Glu Leu Ser Ser Asn Arg Ala Ser Val Gly Leu 
65                  70                  75                  80 

Glu Val Leu Ala Glu Lys Cys Pro Asn Leu Ile His Leu Asn Leu Ser 
                85                  90                  95 

Gly Asn Lys Ile Lys Asp Leu Ser Thr Ile Glu Pro Leu Lys Lys Leu 
            100                 105                 110 

Glu Asn Leu Glu Ser Leu Asp Leu Phe Thr Cys Glu Val Thr Asn Leu 
        115                 120                 125 

Asn Asn 
    130 

 
           
             19  
             905  
             DNA  
             Homo sapiens  
             
               CDS  
               (64)..(453)  
                 
             
           
            19 

gggttcgggg tttattggtt gaattccgct ggctcaggag cctctgcaga gaaagcgtga     60 

gag atg gag atg ggc aaa tgg att cat tta gag ctg cgg aac agg acg      108 
    Met Glu Met Gly Lys Trp Ile His Leu Glu Leu Arg Asn Arg Thr 
    1               5                   10                  15 

ccc tcc gat gtg aaa gaa ctt ttc ctg gac aac agt cag tca aat gaa      156 
Pro Ser Asp Val Lys Glu Leu Phe Leu Asp Asn Ser Gln Ser Asn Glu 
                20                  25                  30 

ggc aaa ttg gaa ggc ctc aca gat gaa ttt gaa gaa ctg gaa tta tta      204 
Gly Lys Leu Glu Gly Leu Thr Asp Glu Phe Glu Glu Leu Glu Leu Leu 
            35                  40                  45 

aat aca atc aac ata ggc ctc acc tca att gca aac ttg cca aag tta      252 
Asn Thr Ile Asn Ile Gly Leu Thr Ser Ile Ala Asn Leu Pro Lys Leu 
        50                  55                  60 

aac aaa ctt aag aag ctt gaa cta agc agt aac aga gcc tca gtg ggc      300 
Asn Lys Leu Lys Lys Leu Glu Leu Ser Ser Asn Arg Ala Ser Val Gly 
    65                  70                  75 

cta gaa gta ttg gca gaa aag tgt cca aac ctc ata cat cta aat tta      348 
Leu Glu Val Leu Ala Glu Lys Cys Pro Asn Leu Ile His Leu Asn Leu 
80                  85                  90                  95 

agt ggc aac aaa att aaa gac ctc agc aca ata gag ccc ctg aaa aag      396 
Ser Gly Asn Lys Ile Lys Asp Leu Ser Thr Ile Glu Pro Leu Lys Lys 
                100                 105                 110 

tta gaa aac ctc gag agc tta gac ctt ttc act tgc gag gta acc aac      444 
Leu Glu Asn Leu Glu Ser Leu Asp Leu Phe Thr Cys Glu Val Thr Asn 
            115                 120                 125 

ctg aac aac tactgagaaa agatgttcaa gctcctcctg caactcacat              493 
Leu Asn Asn 
        130 

atctcaacgg ctgtgacccg gatgacaagg aggcccctaa ctcggatggt gagggctttg    553 

tggagtgcct ggatgacaag gaggaggatg aggatgagga ggagtatgat gaagatgctc    613 

aggtaatgga agatgaggag gacgaggatg aggaggagga acgtgaagag gaggacgtga    673 

gtggagacga ggaggagaag gatgaaggtt ataacaatgg agaggtagat gatgaggaag    733 

atgaagaaga gcttggtgaa gaagaaaggg gtcagaagcg aaaataagaa actgaagatg    793 

agggagaaga cgatgcctaa gtggaataat ctattttgaa aaattccttt tgtgatttta    853 

ctgtttttag ccgtatcccc tctccccccc cactctaatc ctgccccctg aa            905 

 
           
             20  
             130  
             PRT  
             Homo sapiens  
           
            20 

Met Glu Met Gly Lys Trp Ile His Leu Glu Leu Arg Asn Arg Thr Pro 
1               5                   10                  15 

Ser Asp Val Lys Glu Leu Phe Leu Asp Asn Ser Gln Ser Asn Glu Gly 
            20                  25                  30 

Lys Leu Glu Gly Leu Thr Asp Glu Phe Glu Glu Leu Glu Leu Leu Asn 
        35                  40                  45 

Thr Ile Asn Ile Gly Leu Thr Ser Ile Ala Asn Leu Pro Lys Leu Asn 
    50                  55                  60 

Lys Leu Lys Lys Leu Glu Leu Ser Ser Asn Arg Ala Ser Val Gly Leu 
65                  70                  75                  80 

Glu Val Leu Ala Glu Lys Cys Pro Asn Leu Ile His Leu Asn Leu Ser 
                85                  90                  95 

Gly Asn Lys Ile Lys Asp Leu Ser Thr Ile Glu Pro Leu Lys Lys Leu 
            100                 105                 110 

Glu Asn Leu Glu Ser Leu Asp Leu Phe Thr Cys Glu Val Thr Asn Leu 
        115                 120                 125 

Asn Asn 
    130 

 
           
             21  
             895  
             DNA  
             Homo sapiens  
             
               CDS  
               (66)..(767)  
                 
             
           
            21 

gggttcgggg tttattgatt gaattcggct ggcacgagag cctctgcaga cagagagcgc     60 

gagag atg gag atg ggc aga cgg att cat tca gag ctg cgg aac agg gcg    110 
      Met Glu Met Gly Arg Arg Ile His Ser Glu Leu Arg Asn Arg Ala 
      1               5                   10                  15 

ccc tct gat gtg aaa gaa ctt gtc ctg gac aac agt cgg tcg aat gaa      158 
Pro Ser Asp Val Lys Glu Leu Val Leu Asp Asn Ser Arg Ser Asn Glu 
                20                  25                  30 

ggc aaa ctc gaa gcc ctc aca gat gaa ttt gaa gaa ctg gaa ttc tta      206 
Gly Lys Leu Glu Ala Leu Thr Asp Glu Phe Glu Glu Leu Glu Phe Leu 
            35                  40                  45 

agt aaa atc aac gga ggc ctc acc tca atc tca gac tta cca aag tta      254 
Ser Lys Ile Asn Gly Gly Leu Thr Ser Ile Ser Asp Leu Pro Lys Leu 
        50                  55                  60 

aag ttg aga aag ctt gaa cta aaa gtc tca ggg ggc ctg gaa gta ttg      302 
Lys Leu Arg Lys Leu Glu Leu Lys Val Ser Gly Gly Leu Glu Val Leu 
    65                  70                  75 

gca gaa aag tgt cca aac ctc acg cat cta tat tta agt ggc aac aaa      350 
Ala Glu Lys Cys Pro Asn Leu Thr His Leu Tyr Leu Ser Gly Asn Lys 
80                  85                  90                  95 

att aaa gac ctc agc aca ata gag cca ctg aaa cag tta gaa aac ctc      398 
Ile Lys Asp Leu Ser Thr Ile Glu Pro Leu Lys Gln Leu Glu Asn Leu 
                100                 105                 110 

aag agc tta gac ctt ttc aat tgc gag gta acc aac ctg aac gac tac      446 
Lys Ser Leu Asp Leu Phe Asn Cys Glu Val Thr Asn Leu Asn Asp Tyr 
            115                 120                 125 

gga gaa aac gtg ttc aag ctt ctc ctg caa ctc aca tat ctc gac agc      494 
Gly Glu Asn Val Phe Lys Leu Leu Leu Gln Leu Thr Tyr Leu Asp Ser 
        130                 135                 140 

tgt tac tgg gac cac aag gag gcc cct tac tca gat att gag gac cac      542 
Cys Tyr Trp Asp His Lys Glu Ala Pro Tyr Ser Asp Ile Glu Asp His 
    145                 150                 155 

gtg gag ggc ctg gat gac gag gag gag ggt gag cat gag gag gag tat      590 
Val Glu Gly Leu Asp Asp Glu Glu Glu Gly Glu His Glu Glu Glu Tyr 
160                 165                 170                 175 

gat gaa gat gct cag gta gtg gaa gat gag gag ggc gag gag gag gag      638 
Asp Glu Asp Ala Gln Val Val Glu Asp Glu Glu Gly Glu Glu Glu Glu 
                180                 185                 190 

gag gaa ggt gaa gag gag gac gtg agt gga ggg gac gag gag gat gaa      686 
Glu Glu Gly Glu Glu Glu Asp Val Ser Gly Gly Asp Glu Glu Asp Glu 
            195                 200                 205 

gaa ggt tat aac gat gga gag gta gat ggc gag gaa gat gaa gaa gag      734 
Glu Gly Tyr Asn Asp Gly Glu Val Asp Gly Glu Glu Asp Glu Glu Glu 
        210                 215                 220 

ctt ggt gaa gaa gaa agg ggt cag aag cga aaa tgagaacctg aagatgaggg    787 
Leu Gly Glu Glu Glu Arg Gly Gln Lys Arg Lys 
    225                 230 

agaagatgat gactaagtag aataacctat tttgaaaaat tcctattgtg atttgactgt    847 

ttttacccat atcccccctc ccccccccct ctaatcctgc cccctgaa                 895 

 
           
             22  
             234  
             PRT  
             Homo sapiens  
           
            22 

Met Glu Met Gly Arg Arg Ile His Ser Glu Leu Arg Asn Arg Ala Pro 
1               5                   10                  15 

Ser Asp Val Lys Glu Leu Val Leu Asp Asn Ser Arg Ser Asn Glu Gly 
            20                  25                  30 

Lys Leu Glu Ala Leu Thr Asp Glu Phe Glu Glu Leu Glu Phe Leu Ser 
        35                  40                  45 

Lys Ile Asn Gly Gly Leu Thr Ser Ile Ser Asp Leu Pro Lys Leu Lys 
    50                  55                  60 

Leu Arg Lys Leu Glu Leu Lys Val Ser Gly Gly Leu Glu Val Leu Ala 
65                  70                  75                  80 

Glu Lys Cys Pro Asn Leu Thr His Leu Tyr Leu Ser Gly Asn Lys Ile 
                85                  90                  95 

Lys Asp Leu Ser Thr Ile Glu Pro Leu Lys Gln Leu Glu Asn Leu Lys 
            100                 105                 110 

Ser Leu Asp Leu Phe Asn Cys Glu Val Thr Asn Leu Asn Asp Tyr Gly 
        115                 120                 125 

Glu Asn Val Phe Lys Leu Leu Leu Gln Leu Thr Tyr Leu Asp Ser Cys 
    130                 135                 140 

Tyr Trp Asp His Lys Glu Ala Pro Tyr Ser Asp Ile Glu Asp His Val 
145                 150                 155                 160 

Glu Gly Leu Asp Asp Glu Glu Glu Gly Glu His Glu Glu Glu Tyr Asp 
                165                 170                 175 

Glu Asp Ala Gln Val Val Glu Asp Glu Glu Gly Glu Glu Glu Glu Glu 
            180                 185                 190 

Glu Gly Glu Glu Glu Asp Val Ser Gly Gly Asp Glu Glu Asp Glu Glu 
        195                 200                 205 

Gly Tyr Asn Asp Gly Glu Val Asp Gly Glu Glu Asp Glu Glu Glu Leu 
    210                 215                 220 

Gly Glu Glu Glu Arg Gly Gln Lys Arg Lys 
225                 230 

 
           
             23  
             895  
             DNA  
             Homo sapiens  
             
               CDS  
               (66)..(767)  
                 
             
           
            23 

gggttcgggg tttattgatt gaattccgcc ggcgcgggag cctctgcaga gagggagcgc     60 

gagag atg gag atg ggc aga cgg att cat tta gag ctg cgg aac agg acg    110 
      Met Glu Met Gly Arg Arg Ile His Leu Glu Leu Arg Asn Arg Thr 
      1               5                   10                  15 

ccc tct gat gtg aaa gaa ctt gtc ctg gac aac agt cgg tcg aat gaa      158 
Pro Ser Asp Val Lys Glu Leu Val Leu Asp Asn Ser Arg Ser Asn Glu 
                20                  25                  30 

ggc aaa ctc gaa ggc ctc aca gat gaa ttt gaa gaa ctg gaa ttc tta      206 
Gly Lys Leu Glu Gly Leu Thr Asp Glu Phe Glu Glu Leu Glu Phe Leu 
            35                  40                  45 

agt aca atc aac gta ggc ctc acc tca atc gca aac tta cca aag tta      254 
Ser Thr Ile Asn Val Gly Leu Thr Ser Ile Ala Asn Leu Pro Lys Leu 
        50                  55                  60 

aag ttg aga aag ctt gaa cta aga gtc tca ggg ggc ctg gaa gta ttg      302 
Lys Leu Arg Lys Leu Glu Leu Arg Val Ser Gly Gly Leu Glu Val Leu 
    65                  70                  75 

gca gaa aag tgt cca aac ctc acg cac cta tat tta agt ggc aac aaa      350 
Ala Glu Lys Cys Pro Asn Leu Thr His Leu Tyr Leu Ser Gly Asn Lys 
80                  85                  90                  95 

att aaa gac ctc agc aca ata gag cca ctg aaa cag tta gaa aac ctc      398 
Ile Lys Asp Leu Ser Thr Ile Glu Pro Leu Lys Gln Leu Glu Asn Leu 
                100                 105                 110 

aag agc tta gac ctt ttc aat tgc gag gta acc aac ctg aac gac tac      446 
Lys Ser Leu Asp Leu Phe Asn Cys Glu Val Thr Asn Leu Asn Asp Tyr 
            115                 120                 125 

gga gaa aac gtg ttc aag ctt ctc ctg caa ctc aca tat ctc gac agc      494 
Gly Glu Asn Val Phe Lys Leu Leu Leu Gln Leu Thr Tyr Leu Asp Ser 
        130                 135                 140 

tgt tac tgg gac cac aag gag gcc cct tac tca gat att gag gac cac      542 
Cys Tyr Trp Asp His Lys Glu Ala Pro Tyr Ser Asp Ile Glu Asp His 
    145                 150                 155 

gtg gag ggc ctg gat gac gag gag gag ggt gag cat gag gag gag tat      590 
Val Glu Gly Leu Asp Asp Glu Glu Glu Gly Glu His Glu Glu Glu Tyr 
160                 165                 170                 175 

gat gaa gat gct cag gta gtg gaa gat gag gag ggc gag gag ggg gag      638 
Asp Glu Asp Ala Gln Val Val Glu Asp Glu Glu Gly Glu Glu Gly Glu 
                180                 185                 190 

gag gaa ggt gaa gag gag gac gtg agt gga ggg gac gag gag gat gaa      686 
Glu Glu Gly Glu Glu Glu Asp Val Ser Gly Gly Asp Glu Glu Asp Glu 
            195                 200                 205 

gaa ggt tat aac gat gga gag gta gat gac gag gaa gat gaa gaa gag      734 
Glu Gly Tyr Asn Asp Gly Glu Val Asp Asp Glu Glu Asp Glu Glu Glu 
        210                 215                 220 

ctt ggt gaa gaa gaa agg ggt cag aag cga aaa cgagaacctg aagatgaggg    787 
Leu Gly Glu Glu Glu Arg Gly Gln Lys Arg Lys 
    225                 230 

agaagatgat gactaagtgg aataacctat tttgaaaaat tcctattgtg atttgactgt    847 

ttttacccat atcccctctc ccccccccct ctaatcctgc cccctgaa                 895 

 
           
             24  
             234  
             PRT  
             Homo sapiens  
           
            24 

Met Glu Met Gly Arg Arg Ile His Leu Glu Leu Arg Asn Arg Thr Pro 
1               5                   10                  15 

Ser Asp Val Lys Glu Leu Val Leu Asp Asn Ser Arg Ser Asn Glu Gly 
            20                  25                  30 

Lys Leu Glu Gly Leu Thr Asp Glu Phe Glu Glu Leu Glu Phe Leu Ser 
        35                  40                  45 

Thr Ile Asn Val Gly Leu Thr Ser Ile Ala Asn Leu Pro Lys Leu Lys 
    50                  55                  60 

Leu Arg Lys Leu Glu Leu Arg Val Ser Gly Gly Leu Glu Val Leu Ala 
65                  70                  75                  80 

Glu Lys Cys Pro Asn Leu Thr His Leu Tyr Leu Ser Gly Asn Lys Ile 
                85                  90                  95 

Lys Asp Leu Ser Thr Ile Glu Pro Leu Lys Gln Leu Glu Asn Leu Lys 
            100                 105                 110 

Ser Leu Asp Leu Phe Asn Cys Glu Val Thr Asn Leu Asn Asp Tyr Gly 
        115                 120                 125 

Glu Asn Val Phe Lys Leu Leu Leu Gln Leu Thr Tyr Leu Asp Ser Cys 
    130                 135                 140 

Tyr Trp Asp His Lys Glu Ala Pro Tyr Ser Asp Ile Glu Asp His Val 
145                 150                 155                 160 

Glu Gly Leu Asp Asp Glu Glu Glu Gly Glu His Glu Glu Glu Tyr Asp 
                165                 170                 175 

Glu Asp Ala Gln Val Val Glu Asp Glu Glu Gly Glu Glu Gly Glu Glu 
            180                 185                 190 

Glu Gly Glu Glu Glu Asp Val Ser Gly Gly Asp Glu Glu Asp Glu Glu 
        195                 200                 205 

Gly Tyr Asn Asp Gly Glu Val Asp Asp Glu Glu Asp Glu Glu Glu Leu 
    210                 215                 220 

Gly Glu Glu Glu Arg Gly Gln Lys Arg Lys 
225                 230 

 
           
             25  
             907  
             DNA  
             Homo sapiens  
           
            25 

gggttcgggg tttattgatt gaattccgcc ggcgcgggag cctctgcaga gagagagcgc     60 

gagagatgga gatgggcaga cggattcatt tagagctgcg gaacaggacg ccctctgatg    120 

tgaaagaact tgtcctggac aacagtcggt cgaatgaagg caaactcgag ggcctcacag    180 

atgaatttga agaactggaa ttcttaagta caatcaacgt aggcctcacc tcaatcgcaa    240 

acttaccaaa gttaaacaaa cttaagaagc ttgaactaag cgataacaga gtctcagggg    300 

gcctggaagt attggcagaa aagtgtccga acctcacgca tctaaattta agtggcaaca    360 

aaattaaaga cctcagcaca atagagccac tgaaaaagtt agaaaacctc aagagcttag    420 

accttttcaa ttgcgaggta accaacctga acgactaccg agaaaatgtg ttcaagctcc    480 

tcccgcaact cacatatctc gacggctatg accgggacga caaggaggcc cctgactcgg    540 

atgctgaggg ctacgtggag ggcctggatg atgaggagga ggatgaggat gaggaggagt    600 

atgatgaaga tgctcaggta gtggaagacg aggaggacga ggatgaggag gaggaaggtg    660 

aagaggagga cgtgagtgga gaggaggagg aggatgaaga aggttataac gatggagagg    720 

tagatgacga ggaagatgaa gaagagcttg gtgaagaaga aaggggtcag aagcgaaaac    780 

gagaacctga agatgaggga gaagatgatg actaagtgga ataacctatt ttgaaaaatt    840 

cctattgtga tttgactgtt tttacccata tcccctctcc cccccccctc taatcctgcc    900 

ccctgaa                                                              907 

 
           
             26  
             905  
             DNA  
             Homo sapiens  
             
               CDS  
               (64)..(453)  
                 
             
           
            26 

gggttcgggg tttattggtt gaattccgct ggctcaggag cctctgcaga gaaagcgtga     60 

gag atg gag atg ggc aaa tgg att cat tta gag ctg cgg aac agg acg      108 
    Met Glu Met Gly Lys Trp Ile His Leu Glu Leu Arg Asn Arg Thr 
    1               5                   10                  15 

ccc tcc gat gtg aaa gaa ctt ttc ctg gac aac agt cag tca aat gaa      156 
Pro Ser Asp Val Lys Glu Leu Phe Leu Asp Asn Ser Gln Ser Asn Glu 
                20                  25                  30 

ggc aaa ttg gaa ggc ctc aca gat gaa ttt gaa gaa ctg gaa tta tta      204 
Gly Lys Leu Glu Gly Leu Thr Asp Glu Phe Glu Glu Leu Glu Leu Leu 
            35                  40                  45 

aat aca atc aac ata ggc ctc acc tca att gca aac ttg cca aag tta      252 
Asn Thr Ile Asn Ile Gly Leu Thr Ser Ile Ala Asn Leu Pro Lys Leu 
        50                  55                  60 

aac aaa ctt aag aag ctt gaa cta agc agt aac aga gcc tca gtg ggc      300 
Asn Lys Leu Lys Lys Leu Glu Leu Ser Ser Asn Arg Ala Ser Val Gly 
    65                  70                  75 

cta gaa gta ttg gca gaa aag tgt cca aac ctc ata cat cta aat tta      348 
Leu Glu Val Leu Ala Glu Lys Cys Pro Asn Leu Ile His Leu Asn Leu 
80                  85                  90                  95 

agt ggc aac aaa att aaa gac ctc agc aca ata gag ccc ctg aaa aag      396 
Ser Gly Asn Lys Ile Lys Asp Leu Ser Thr Ile Glu Pro Leu Lys Lys 
                100                 105                 110 

tta gaa aac ctc gag agc tta gac ctt ttc act tgc gag gta acc aac      444 
Leu Glu Asn Leu Glu Ser Leu Asp Leu Phe Thr Cys Glu Val Thr Asn 
            115                 120                 125 

ctg aac aac tactgagaaa agatgttcaa gctcctcctg caactcacat              493 
Leu Asn Asn 
        130 

atctcaacgg ctgtgacccg gatgacaagg aggcccctaa ctcggatggt gagggctttg    553 

tggagtgcct ggatgacaag gaggaggatg aggatgagga ggagtatgat gaagatgctc    613 

aggtaatgga agatgaggag gacgaggatg aggaggagga acgtgaagag gaggacgtga    673 

gtggagacga ggaggagaag gatgaaggtt ataacaatgg agaggtagat gatgaggaag    733 

atgaagaaga gcttggtgaa gaagaaaggg gtcagaagcg aaaataagaa actgaagatg    793 

agggagaaga cgatgcctaa gtggaataat ctattttgaa aaattccttt tgtgatttta    853 

ctgtttttag ccgtatcccc tctccccccc cactctaatc ctgccccctg aa            905 

 
           
             27  
             130  
             PRT  
             Homo sapiens  
           
            27 

Met Glu Met Gly Lys Trp Ile His Leu Glu Leu Arg Asn Arg Thr Pro 
1               5                   10                  15 

Ser Asp Val Lys Glu Leu Phe Leu Asp Asn Ser Gln Ser Asn Glu Gly 
            20                  25                  30 

Lys Leu Glu Gly Leu Thr Asp Glu Phe Glu Glu Leu Glu Leu Leu Asn 
        35                  40                  45 

Thr Ile Asn Ile Gly Leu Thr Ser Ile Ala Asn Leu Pro Lys Leu Asn 
    50                  55                  60 

Lys Leu Lys Lys Leu Glu Leu Ser Ser Asn Arg Ala Ser Val Gly Leu 
65                  70                  75                  80 

Glu Val Leu Ala Glu Lys Cys Pro Asn Leu Ile His Leu Asn Leu Ser 
                85                  90                  95 

Gly Asn Lys Ile Lys Asp Leu Ser Thr Ile Glu Pro Leu Lys Lys Leu 
            100                 105                 110 

Glu Asn Leu Glu Ser Leu Asp Leu Phe Thr Cys Glu Val Thr Asn Leu 
        115                 120                 125 

Asn Asn 
    130 

 
           
             28  
             907  
             DNA  
             Homo sapiens  
             
               CDS  
               (66)..(812)  
                 
             
           
            28 

gggttcgggg tttattgatt gaattccgcc ggcgcgggag cctctgcaga gagagagcgc     60 

gagag atg gag atg ggc aga cgg att cat cta gag ctg cgg aac agg acg    110 
      Met Glu Met Gly Arg Arg Ile His Leu Glu Leu Arg Asn Arg Thr 
      1               5                   10                  15 

ccc tct gat gtg aaa gaa ctt gtc ctg gtc aac agt cgg tcg aat gaa      158 
Pro Ser Asp Val Lys Glu Leu Val Leu Val Asn Ser Arg Ser Asn Glu 
                20                  25                  30 

ggc aaa ctc gaa ggc ctc aca gat gaa ttt gaa gaa ctg gaa ttc tta      206 
Gly Lys Leu Glu Gly Leu Thr Asp Glu Phe Glu Glu Leu Glu Phe Leu 
            35                  40                  45 

agt aca atc aac gta ggc ctc acc tca atc gca aac tta cca aag tta      254 
Ser Thr Ile Asn Val Gly Leu Thr Ser Ile Ala Asn Leu Pro Lys Leu 
        50                  55                  60 

aac aaa ctt aag aag ctt gaa cta agc gat aac aga gtc tca ggg ggc      302 
Asn Lys Leu Lys Lys Leu Glu Leu Ser Asp Asn Arg Val Ser Gly Gly 
    65                  70                  75 

cta gaa gta ttg gca gaa aag tgt ccg aac ctc acg cat cta aat tta      350 
Leu Glu Val Leu Ala Glu Lys Cys Pro Asn Leu Thr His Leu Asn Leu 
80                  85                  90                  95 

agt ggc aac aaa att aaa gac ctc agc aca ata gag cca ctg aaa aag      398 
Ser Gly Asn Lys Ile Lys Asp Leu Ser Thr Ile Glu Pro Leu Lys Lys 
                100                 105                 110 

tta gaa aac ctc aag agc tta gac ctt ttc aat tgc gag gta acc aac      446 
Leu Glu Asn Leu Lys Ser Leu Asp Leu Phe Asn Cys Glu Val Thr Asn 
            115                 120                 125 

ctg aac gac tac cga gaa aat gtg ttc aag ctc ctc ccg caa ctc aca      494 
Leu Asn Asp Tyr Arg Glu Asn Val Phe Lys Leu Leu Pro Gln Leu Thr 
        130                 135                 140 

tat ctc gac ggc tat gac cgg gac gac aag gag gcc cct gac tcg gat      542 
Tyr Leu Asp Gly Tyr Asp Arg Asp Asp Lys Glu Ala Pro Asp Ser Asp 
    145                 150                 155 

gct gag ggc tac gtg gag ggc ctg gat gat gag gag gag gat gag gat      590 
Ala Glu Gly Tyr Val Glu Gly Leu Asp Asp Glu Glu Glu Asp Glu Asp 
160                 165                 170                 175 

gag gag gag tat gat gaa gat gct cag gta gtg gaa gac gag gag gac      638 
Glu Glu Glu Tyr Asp Glu Asp Ala Gln Val Val Glu Asp Glu Glu Asp 
                180                 185                 190 

gag gat gag gag gag gaa ggt gaa gag gag gac gtg agt gga gag gag      686 
Glu Asp Glu Glu Glu Glu Gly Glu Glu Glu Asp Val Ser Gly Glu Glu 
            195                 200                 205 

gag gag gat gaa gaa ggt tat aac gat gga gag gta gat gac gag gaa      734 
Glu Glu Asp Glu Glu Gly Tyr Asn Asp Gly Glu Val Asp Asp Glu Glu 
        210                 215                 220 

gat gaa gaa gag ctt ggt gaa gaa gaa agg ggt cag aag cga aaa cga      782 
Asp Glu Glu Glu Leu Gly Glu Glu Glu Arg Gly Gln Lys Arg Lys Arg 
    225                 230                 235 

gaa cct gaa gat gag gga gaa gat gat gac taagtggaat aacctatttt        832 
Glu Pro Glu Asp Glu Gly Glu Asp Asp Asp 
240                 245 

gaaaaattcc tattgtgatt tgactgtttt tacccatatc ccctctcccc cccccctcta    892 

atcctgcccc ctgaa                                                     907 

 
           
             29  
             249  
             PRT  
             Homo sapiens  
           
            29 

Met Glu Met Gly Arg Arg Ile His Leu Glu Leu Arg Asn Arg Thr Pro 
1               5                   10                  15 

Ser Asp Val Lys Glu Leu Val Leu Val Asn Ser Arg Ser Asn Glu Gly 
            20                  25                  30 

Lys Leu Glu Gly Leu Thr Asp Glu Phe Glu Glu Leu Glu Phe Leu Ser 
        35                  40                  45 

Thr Ile Asn Val Gly Leu Thr Ser Ile Ala Asn Leu Pro Lys Leu Asn 
    50                  55                  60 

Lys Leu Lys Lys Leu Glu Leu Ser Asp Asn Arg Val Ser Gly Gly Leu 
65                  70                  75                  80 

Glu Val Leu Ala Glu Lys Cys Pro Asn Leu Thr His Leu Asn Leu Ser 
                85                  90                  95 

Gly Asn Lys Ile Lys Asp Leu Ser Thr Ile Glu Pro Leu Lys Lys Leu 
            100                 105                 110 

Glu Asn Leu Lys Ser Leu Asp Leu Phe Asn Cys Glu Val Thr Asn Leu 
        115                 120                 125 

Asn Asp Tyr Arg Glu Asn Val Phe Lys Leu Leu Pro Gln Leu Thr Tyr 
    130                 135                 140 

Leu Asp Gly Tyr Asp Arg Asp Asp Lys Glu Ala Pro Asp Ser Asp Ala 
145                 150                 155                 160 

Glu Gly Tyr Val Glu Gly Leu Asp Asp Glu Glu Glu Asp Glu Asp Glu 
                165                 170                 175 

Glu Glu Tyr Asp Glu Asp Ala Gln Val Val Glu Asp Glu Glu Asp Glu 
            180                 185                 190 

Asp Glu Glu Glu Glu Gly Glu Glu Glu Asp Val Ser Gly Glu Glu Glu 
        195                 200                 205 

Glu Asp Glu Glu Gly Tyr Asn Asp Gly Glu Val Asp Asp Glu Glu Asp 
    210                 215                 220 

Glu Glu Glu Leu Gly Glu Glu Glu Arg Gly Gln Lys Arg Lys Arg Glu 
225                 230                 235                 240 

Pro Glu Asp Glu Gly Glu Asp Asp Asp 
                245 

 
           
             30  
             907  
             DNA  
             Homo sapiens  
             
               CDS  
               (66)..(455)  
                 
             
           
            30 

gggttcgggg tttattgatt gaattccgcc ggcgcgggag cctctgcaga gagagagcgc     60 

gagag atg gag atg ggc aga cgg att cat tta gag ctg cgg aac agg acg    110 
      Met Glu Met Gly Arg Arg Ile His Leu Glu Leu Arg Asn Arg Thr 
      1               5                   10                  15 

ccc tct gat gtg aaa gaa ctt gtc ctg gac aac agt cgg tcg aat gaa      158 
Pro Ser Asp Val Lys Glu Leu Val Leu Asp Asn Ser Arg Ser Asn Glu 
                20                  25                  30 

ggc aaa ctc gaa ggc ctc aca gat gaa ttt gaa gaa ctg gaa ttc tta      206 
Gly Lys Leu Glu Gly Leu Thr Asp Glu Phe Glu Glu Leu Glu Phe Leu 
            35                  40                  45 

agt aca atc aac gta ggc ctc acc tca atc gca aac tta cca aag tta      254 
Ser Thr Ile Asn Val Gly Leu Thr Ser Ile Ala Asn Leu Pro Lys Leu 
        50                  55                  60 

aac aaa ctt aag aag ctt gaa cta agc gat aac aga gtc tca ggg ggc      302 
Asn Lys Leu Lys Lys Leu Glu Leu Ser Asp Asn Arg Val Ser Gly Gly 
    65                  70                  75 

cta gaa gta ttg gca gaa aag tgt cca aac ctc ata cat cta aat tta      350 
Leu Glu Val Leu Ala Glu Lys Cys Pro Asn Leu Ile His Leu Asn Leu 
80                  85                  90                  95 

agt ggc aac aaa att aaa gac ctc agc aca ata gag ccc ctg aaa aag      398 
Ser Gly Asn Lys Ile Lys Asp Leu Ser Thr Ile Glu Pro Leu Lys Lys 
                100                 105                 110 

tta gaa aac ctc gag agc tta gac ctt ttc act tgc gag gta acc aac      446 
Leu Glu Asn Leu Glu Ser Leu Asp Leu Phe Thr Cys Glu Val Thr Asn 
            115                 120                 125 

ctg aac aac tactgagaaa agatgttcaa gctcctcctg caactcacat              495 
Leu Asn Asn 
        130 

atctcaacgg ctgtgacccg gatgacaagg aggcccctaa ctcggatggt gagggctttg    555 

tggagtgcct ggatgacaag gaggaggatg aggatgagga ggagtatgat gaagatgctc    615 

aggtaatgga agatgaggag gacgaggatg aggaggagga acgtgaagag gaggacgtga    675 

gtggagacga ggaggagaag gatgaaggtt ataacaatgg agaggtagat gatgaggaag    735 

atgaagaaga gcttggtgaa gaagaaaggg gtcagaagcg aaaataagaa actgaagatg    795 

agggagaaga cgatgcctaa gtggaataat ctattttgaa aaattcctat tgtgatttga    855 

ctgtttttac ccatatcccc tctccccccc ccctctaatc ctgccccctg aa            907 

 
           
             31  
             130  
             PRT  
             Homo sapiens  
           
            31 

Met Glu Met Gly Arg Arg Ile His Leu Glu Leu Arg Asn Arg Thr Pro 
1               5                   10                  15 

Ser Asp Val Lys Glu Leu Val Leu Asp Asn Ser Arg Ser Asn Glu Gly 
            20                  25                  30 

Lys Leu Glu Gly Leu Thr Asp Glu Phe Glu Glu Leu Glu Phe Leu Ser 
        35                  40                  45 

Thr Ile Asn Val Gly Leu Thr Ser Ile Ala Asn Leu Pro Lys Leu Asn 
    50                  55                  60 

Lys Leu Lys Lys Leu Glu Leu Ser Asp Asn Arg Val Ser Gly Gly Leu 
65                  70                  75                  80 

Glu Val Leu Ala Glu Lys Cys Pro Asn Leu Ile His Leu Asn Leu Ser 
                85                  90                  95 

Gly Asn Lys Ile Lys Asp Leu Ser Thr Ile Glu Pro Leu Lys Lys Leu 
            100                 105                 110 

Glu Asn Leu Glu Ser Leu Asp Leu Phe Thr Cys Glu Val Thr Asn Leu 
        115                 120                 125 

Asn Asn 
    130 

 
           
             32  
             908  
             DNA  
             Homo sapiens  
           
            32 

gggttcgggg tttattgatt gaattccgcc ggcgcgggag cctctgcaga gagagagcgc     60 

ggagagatgg agatgggcag acggattcat ttagagctgc ggaacaggac gccctctgat    120 

gtgaaagaac ttgtcctgga caacagtcgg tcgaatgaag gcaaactcga aggcctcaca    180 

gatgaatttg aagaactgga attcttaagt acaatcaacg taggcctcac ctcaatcgca    240 

aacttaccaa agttaaacaa acttaagaag cttgaactaa gcgataacag agtctcaggg    300 

ggcctggaag tattggcaga aaagtgtccg aacctcacgc atctaaattt aagtggcaac    360 

aaaattaaag acctcagcac aatagagcca ctgaaaaagt tagaaaacct caagagctta    420 

gaccttttca attgcgaggt aaccaacctg aacgactacc gagaaaatgt gttcaagctc    480 

ctcccgcaac tcacatatct cgacggctat gaccgggacg acaaggaggc ccctgactcg    540 

gatgctgagg gctacgtgga gggcctggat gatgaggagg aggatgagga tgaggaggag    600 

tatgatgaag atgctcaggt agtggaagac gaggaggacg aggatgagga ggaggaaggt    660 

gaagaggagg acgtgagtgg agaggaggag gaggatgaag aaggttataa cgatggagag    720 

gtagatgacg aggaagatga agaagagctt ggtgaagaag aaaggggtca gaagcgaaaa    780 

cgagaacctg aagatgaggg agaagatgat gactaagtgg aataacctat tttgaaaaat    840 

tcctattgtg atttgactgt ttttacccat atcccctctc ccccccccct ctaatcctgc    900 

cccctgaa                                                             908 

 
           
             33  
             906  
             DNA  
             Homo sapiens  
             
               CDS  
               (66)..(812)  
                 
             
           
            33 

gggttcgggg tttattgatt gaattccgct ggcgcgggag cctctgcaga gagagagcgc     60 

gagag atg gag atg ggc aga cgg att cat tta gag ctg cgg aac agg acg    110 
      Met Glu Met Gly Arg Arg Ile His Leu Glu Leu Arg Asn Arg Thr 
      1               5                   10                  15 

ccc tct gat gtg aaa gaa ctt gtc ctg gac aac agt cgg tcg aat gaa      158 
Pro Ser Asp Val Lys Glu Leu Val Leu Asp Asn Ser Arg Ser Asn Glu 
                20                  25                  30 

ggc aaa ctc gaa ggc ctc aca gat gaa ttt gaa gaa ctg gaa ttc tta      206 
Gly Lys Leu Glu Gly Leu Thr Asp Glu Phe Glu Glu Leu Glu Phe Leu 
            35                  40                  45 

agt aca atc aac gta ggc ctc acc tca atc gca aac tta cca aag tta      254 
Ser Thr Ile Asn Val Gly Leu Thr Ser Ile Ala Asn Leu Pro Lys Leu 
        50                  55                  60 

aac aaa ctt aag aag ctt gaa cta agc agt aac aga gtc tca ggg ggc      302 
Asn Lys Leu Lys Lys Leu Glu Leu Ser Ser Asn Arg Val Ser Gly Gly 
    65                  70                  75 

cta gaa gta ttg gca gaa aag tgt cca aac ctc acg cat cta aat tta      350 
Leu Glu Val Leu Ala Glu Lys Cys Pro Asn Leu Thr His Leu Asn Leu 
80                  85                  90                  95 

agt ggc aac aaa att aaa gac ctc agc aca ata gag cca ctg aaa aag      398 
Ser Gly Asn Lys Ile Lys Asp Leu Ser Thr Ile Glu Pro Leu Lys Lys 
                100                 105                 110 

tta gaa aac ctc aag agc tta gac ctt ttc aat tgc gag gta acc aac      446 
Leu Glu Asn Leu Lys Ser Leu Asp Leu Phe Asn Cys Glu Val Thr Asn 
            115                 120                 125 

ctg aac gac tac cga gaa aat gtg ttc aag ctc ctc ctg caa ctc aca      494 
Leu Asn Asp Tyr Arg Glu Asn Val Phe Lys Leu Leu Leu Gln Leu Thr 
        130                 135                 140 

tat ctc gac ggc tgt gac cgg gac gac aag gag gcc cct gac tcg gat      542 
Tyr Leu Asp Gly Cys Asp Arg Asp Asp Lys Glu Ala Pro Asp Ser Asp 
    145                 150                 155 

gct gag ggc tac gtg gag ggc ctg gat gac gag gag gag gat gag gat      590 
Ala Glu Gly Tyr Val Glu Gly Leu Asp Asp Glu Glu Glu Asp Glu Asp 
160                 165                 170                 175 

gag gag gag tat gat gaa gat gct cag gta gtg gaa gat gag gag gac      638 
Glu Glu Glu Tyr Asp Glu Asp Ala Gln Val Val Glu Asp Glu Glu Asp 
                180                 185                 190 

gag gat gag gag gag gaa ggt gaa gag gag gac gtg agt gga gag gag      686 
Glu Asp Glu Glu Glu Glu Gly Glu Glu Glu Asp Val Ser Gly Glu Glu 
            195                 200                 205 

gag gag gat gaa gaa ggt tat aac gat gga gag gta gat gac gag gaa      734 
Glu Glu Asp Glu Glu Gly Tyr Asn Asp Gly Glu Val Asp Asp Glu Glu 
        210                 215                 220 

gat gaa gaa gag ctt ggt gaa gaa gaa agg ggt cag aag cga aaa gag      782 
Asp Glu Glu Glu Leu Gly Glu Glu Glu Arg Gly Gln Lys Arg Lys Glu 
    225                 230                 235 

aac ctg aag atg agg gag aag atg atg act aagtggaata acctattttg        832 
Asn Leu Lys Met Arg Glu Lys Met Met Thr 
240                 245 

aaaaattcct attgtgattt gactgttttt acccatatcc cctctccccc ccccctctaa    892 

tcctgccccc tgaa                                                      906 

 
           
             34  
             249  
             PRT  
             Homo sapiens  
           
            34 

Met Glu Met Gly Arg Arg Ile His Leu Glu Leu Arg Asn Arg Thr Pro 
1               5                   10                  15 

Ser Asp Val Lys Glu Leu Val Leu Asp Asn Ser Arg Ser Asn Glu Gly 
            20                  25                  30 

Lys Leu Glu Gly Leu Thr Asp Glu Phe Glu Glu Leu Glu Phe Leu Ser 
        35                  40                  45 

Thr Ile Asn Val Gly Leu Thr Ser Ile Ala Asn Leu Pro Lys Leu Asn 
    50                  55                  60 

Lys Leu Lys Lys Leu Glu Leu Ser Ser Asn Arg Val Ser Gly Gly Leu 
65                  70                  75                  80 

Glu Val Leu Ala Glu Lys Cys Pro Asn Leu Thr His Leu Asn Leu Ser 
                85                  90                  95 

Gly Asn Lys Ile Lys Asp Leu Ser Thr Ile Glu Pro Leu Lys Lys Leu 
            100                 105                 110 

Glu Asn Leu Lys Ser Leu Asp Leu Phe Asn Cys Glu Val Thr Asn Leu 
        115                 120                 125 

Asn Asp Tyr Arg Glu Asn Val Phe Lys Leu Leu Leu Gln Leu Thr Tyr 
    130                 135                 140 

Leu Asp Gly Cys Asp Arg Asp Asp Lys Glu Ala Pro Asp Ser Asp Ala 
145                 150                 155                 160 

Glu Gly Tyr Val Glu Gly Leu Asp Asp Glu Glu Glu Asp Glu Asp Glu 
                165                 170                 175 

Glu Glu Tyr Asp Glu Asp Ala Gln Val Val Glu Asp Glu Glu Asp Glu 
            180                 185                 190 

Asp Glu Glu Glu Glu Gly Glu Glu Glu Asp Val Ser Gly Glu Glu Glu 
        195                 200                 205 

Glu Asp Glu Glu Gly Tyr Asn Asp Gly Glu Val Asp Asp Glu Glu Asp 
    210                 215                 220 

Glu Glu Glu Leu Gly Glu Glu Glu Arg Gly Gln Lys Arg Lys Glu Asn 
225                 230                 235                 240 

Leu Lys Met Arg Glu Lys Met Met Thr 
                245 

 
           
             35  
             26  
             DNA  
             Homo sapiens  
           
            35 

tatgctagcg ggttcggggt ttattg                                          26 

 
           
             36  
             29  
             DNA  
             Homo sapiens  
           
            36 

gattctagat ggtaagtttg cgattgagg                                       29 

 
           
             37  
             29  
             DNA  
             Homo sapiens  
           
            37 

gaatctagaa ggaggaggaa ggtgaagag                                       29 

 
           
             38  
             29  
             DNA  
             Homo sapiens  
           
            38 

ctatctagat tcagggggca ggattagag                                       29 

 
           
             39  
             24  
             DNA  
             Homo sapiens  
           
            39 

gaggtttatt gattgaattc ggct                                            24 

 
           
             40  
             24  
             DNA  
             Homo sapiens  
           
            40 

ccccagtaca cttttcccgt ctca                                            24 

 
           
             41  
             12  
             DNA  
             Artificial Sequence  
             
               recognition sequence  
             
           
            41 

tttttctttt tc                                                         12 

 
           
             42  
             10  
             DNA  
             Artificial Sequence  
             
               recognition sequence  
             
           
            42 

ttaaaattca                                                            10 

 
           
             43  
             10  
             DNA  
             Artificial Sequence  
             
               recognition sequence  
             
           
            43 

atgtaaaaca                                                            10 

 
           
             44  
             11  
             DNA  
             Artificial Sequence  
             
               recognition sequence  
             
           
            44 

aagataaaac c                                                          11 

 
           
             45  
             10  
             DNA  
             Artificial Sequence  
             
               recognition sequence  
             
           
            45 

ccactgggga                                                            10 

 
           
             46  
             13  
             DNA  
             Artificial Sequence  
             
               recognition sequence  
             
           
            46 

ctctctctct ctc                                                        13 

 
           
             47  
             11  
             DNA  
             Artificial Sequence  
             
               recognition sequence  
             
           
            47 

aaaacataaa t                                                          11 

 
           
             48  
             131  
             PRT  
             Homo sapiens  
           
            48 

Met Glu Met Gly Lys Trp Ile His Leu Glu Leu Arg Asn Arg Thr Pro 
1               5                   10                  15 

Ser Asp Val Lys Glu Leu Phe Leu Asp Asn Ser Gln Ser Asn Glu Gly 
            20                  25                  30 

Lys Leu Glu Gly Leu Ala Asp Glu Phe Glu Glu Leu Glu Leu Leu Asn 
        35                  40                  45 

Thr Ile Asn Ile Gly Leu Ser Ser Ile Ala Asn Leu Ala Lys Leu Asn 
    50                  55                  60 

Lys Leu Lys Lys Leu Glu Leu Ser Ser Asn Arg Ala Ser Val Gly Leu 
65                  70                  75                  80 

Glu Val Leu Ala Glu Lys Cys Pro Asn Leu Ile His Leu Asn Leu Ser 
                85                  90                  95 

Gly Asn Lys Ile Lys Asp Leu Ser Thr Ile Glu Pro Leu Lys Lys Leu 
            100                 105                 110 

Glu Asn Leu Glu Ser Leu Asp Leu Phe Thr Cys Glu Val Thr Asn Leu 
        115                 120                 125 

Asn Asn Tyr 
    130 

 
           
             49  
             234  
             PRT  
             Homo sapiens  
           
            49 

Met Glu Met Gly Arg Arg Ile His Ser Glu Leu Arg Asn Arg Ala Pro 
1               5                   10                  15 

Ser Asp Val Lys Glu Leu Ala Leu Asp Asn Ser Arg Ser Asn Glu Gly 
            20                  25                  30 

Lys Leu Glu Ala Leu Thr Asp Glu Phe Glu Glu Leu Glu Phe Leu Ser 
        35                  40                  45 

Lys Ile Asn Gly Gly Leu Thr Ser Ile Ser Asp Leu Pro Lys Leu Lys 
    50                  55                  60 

Leu Arg Lys Leu Glu Leu Arg Val Ser Gly Gly Leu Glu Val Leu Ala 
65                  70                  75                  80 

Glu Lys Cys Pro Asn Leu Thr His Leu Tyr Leu Ser Gly Asn Lys Ile 
                85                  90                  95 

Lys Asp Leu Ser Thr Ile Glu Pro Leu Lys Gln Leu Glu Asn Leu Lys 
            100                 105                 110 

Ser Leu Asp Leu Phe Asn Cys Glu Val Thr Asn Leu Asn Asp Tyr Gly 
        115                 120                 125 

Glu Asn Val Phe Lys Leu Leu Leu Gln Leu Thr Tyr Leu Asp Ser Cys 
    130                 135                 140 

Tyr Trp Asp His Lys Glu Ala Pro Tyr Ser Asp Ile Glu Asp His Val 
145                 150                 155                 160 

Glu Gly Leu Asp Asp Glu Glu Glu Gly Glu His Glu Glu Glu Tyr Asp 
                165                 170                 175 

Glu Asp Ala Gln Val Val Glu Asp Glu Glu Gly Glu Glu Glu Glu Glu 
            180                 185                 190 

Glu Gly Glu Glu Glu Asp Val Ser Gly Gly Asp Glu Glu Asp Glu Glu 
        195                 200                 205 

Gly Tyr Asn Asp Gly Glu Val Asp Gly Glu Glu Asp Glu Glu Glu Leu 
    210                 215                 220 

Gly Glu Glu Glu Arg Gly Gln Lys Arg Lys 
225                 230 

 
           
             50  
             17  
             DNA  
             Homo sapiens  
           
            50 

gggttcgggg tttattg                                                    17 

 
           
             51  
             20  
             DNA  
             Homo sapiens  
           
            51 

ctctaatcct gccccctgaa                                                 20