Abstract:
A target detection system using an EHF radar and the image processing is disclosed, in which the processing time is shortened by mutually complementing the disadvantages of the EHF radar and the image processing thereby to improve the reliability. The system comprises a radar, an image acquisition unit and an image processing ECU. The microcomputer of the ECU specifies an image recognition area based on the power output from the radar, and carries out the image processing only within the specified recognition area for the image obtained from the image acquisition unit. By performing the image processing only for the area where a target is detected by the radar, the time required for image processing is shortened on the one hand and the erroneous detection of letters on the road surface or the like is eliminated.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0001]    1. Field of the Invention  
           [0002]    The present invention relates to a target detection system. The target detection system according to this invention is mounted on an automotive vehicle, for example, and is used to aid the driver in driving the vehicle by detecting a preceding vehicle running ahead of his vehicle or an obstacle lying ahead or the like target located ahead of the vehicle driven by the driver.  
           [0003]    2. Description of the Related Art  
           [0004]    A conventional target detection system uses a fusion algorithm in which the reliability of data is studied by use of the result of detecting a target using a EHF radar and the result of detecting a target by image processing thereby to achieve the optimal result. Such a target detection system comprises an EHF radar, a left camera, a right camera and an image processing ECU (electronic control unit). The ECU includes an image processing microcomputer and a fusion processing microcomputer.  
           [0005]    In the processing method using the EHF radar, a specified area ahead is scanned by the extremely high-frequency wave. The strength of the signal power output from the EHF radar and the range are so related to each other that the signal power strength is high for the portion where a target exists and low for the portion where a target does not exist. The EHF radar can measure a far distance with high accuracy but is low in accuracy for the measurement of a near target. Also, the EHF radar outputs a near flag upon detection of a near target.  
           [0006]    The image processing microcomputer extracts the edge of each of the two images acquired by the two cameras. The edge positions of the two images are different due to the parallax error between the left and right cameras, and this difference is used to calculate the distance to the target. Image processing can be used to measure the distance over a wide range but is low in accuracy for detection of a far target.  
           [0007]    The distance measurement by image processing further has the following problems.  
           [0008]    1. (Erroneous recognition) In view of the fact that the edge extraction processing is for simply extracting the edges from an image, the edges of letters written on the road surface, shadows or other objects not three-dimensional and different from the target may be extracted erroneously due to the density difference thereof. In such a case, edges are output in spite of the absence of a target.  
           [0009]    2. (Erroneous distance measurement) In the case where an edge is detected by the edge extraction processing, the distance is measured by pattern matching between the images acquired by the two cameras. In this processing, the result may become erroneous in the case where a similar pattern happens to exist.  
           [0010]    [0010]FIG. 1 shows detection areas defined for the target detection system.  
           [0011]    An area  2  in which a target can be detected by image processing has a large range, while an area  3  where a target can be detected by an EHF radar reaches a far distance. In an area  4  where a target can be detected by using both the image processing and the EHF radar, on the other hand, a target can be recognized very reliably by the fusion processing between the output data of the radar and the output data of the image processing. The area  4  is called the fusion area. The microcomputer for fusion processing determines the presence or absence of a target based on an overall decision on both the result of detection by the EHF radar and the result of detection by the image processing microcomputer, and thus recognizes the presence of a target such as a preceding vehicle and calculates the distance, etc.  
           [0012]    In the conventional target detection system, the processing time for the fusion algorithm in the fusion processing microcomputer is required in addition to the processing time for the EHF radar and the processing time for the image processing microcomputer, and therefore the total processing time is long. Also, the conventional target detection system has yet to overcome the disadvantages of both the EHF radar, and image processing, sufficiently.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0013]    An object of the present invention is to provide a target detection system using the EHF radar and image processing, wherein the processing time for detection is shortened while compensating for the disadvantages of the EHF radar and image processing with each other.  
           [0014]    Another object of the invention is to provide a target detection system using both the EHF radar and the image processing, wherein the reliability is improved by preventing erroneous recognition and erroneous distance measurement in image recognition processing.  
           [0015]    The present invention has been developed in order to achieve the objects described above. According to one aspect of the invention, there is provided a target detection system comprising a radar, an image acquisition unit and a processing unit. The processing unit specifies an area for image recognition based on the data output from the radar, and processes image data output from the image acquisition unit only within the specified area thereby to detect a target. According to this invention, objects other than three-dimensional ones, including lines or letters on the road surface are not detected by the radar as a target, and therefore lines, letters and other auxiliary objects are not detected as a target by image processing. Also, the image data are processed only for an area where a target such as an obstacle or a vehicle is detected by the radar, and therefore the time required for processing the image data is shortened thereby shortening the processing time, as a whole, for target detection.  
           [0016]    In the target detection system according to this invention, the image recognition area can be specified based on the power of the signal output from the radar. Upon detection of a target such as an obstacle or a vehicle, the radar outputs a signal of predetermined power. A target is extracted only from an area having such a target by extracting the edge of the image data only for the particular area from which the signal power is detected. As a result, the time required for image data processing can be shortened. By the way, all the edges may be extracted from the image data and only the edges existing in the image recognition area may be processed as effective edges for target detection. In such a case, the time required for image processing is not shortened but the time required for fusion processing can be shortened.  
           [0017]    In the target detection system according to this invention, the image recognition area can be determined based on the state of the near flag output from the radar. Upon detection of a near target, the radar outputs a near flag, the state of which changes with the distance to the target. In the processing for target detection, the edge data acquired in the image processing is selected in accordance with the presence or absence and the state of the near flag, and therefore the recognition error and the distance measurement error of the target can be prevented before the fusion processing.  
           [0018]    Further, in the target detection system according to this invention, a road surface flag and a letter flag can be attached to the edge data extracted by image processing in the case where a density difference on the image due to lines or letters on the road surface is detected. For the edge data with the road surface flag or the letter flag, it is determined whether the edge data including the particular road surface flag or the letter flag actually represents lines or characters written on the road surface. In the case where the edge data are found to represent lines or letters, the data in the particular area is invalidated. As a result, the recognition error in which lines or characters on the road surface are recognized as a target and the measurement error can be prevented before the fusion processing. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0019]    The above object and features of the present invention will be more apparent from the following description of the preferred embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:  
         [0020]    [0020]FIG. 1 shows different detection areas defined for a target detection system mounted on an automotive vehicle;  
         [0021]    [0021]FIG. 2 shows a basic configuration of a target detection system;  
         [0022]    [0022]FIG. 3 shows an image picked up as the condition ahead of the target detection system;  
         [0023]    [0023]FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the edges calculated by the image processing in the system of FIG. 2;  
         [0024]    [0024]FIG. 5 is a diagram showing typical edges extracted by processing the edges of FIG. 4;  
         [0025]    [0025]FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the data output from the EHF radar of FIG. 2;  
         [0026]    [0026]FIG. 7 is a vehicle target detection system according to a first embodiment of the invention;  
         [0027]    [0027]FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing the processing steps of the microcomputer of FIG. 7;  
         [0028]    [0028]FIG. 9 shows a first method of determining a search area from the signal power strength obtained by the EHF radar of FIG. 7;  
         [0029]    [0029]FIG. 10 shows edges extracted by the processing shown in FIG. 8;  
         [0030]    [0030]FIG. 11 shows a second method for determining a search area from the strength of the signal power obtained by the EHF radar shown in FIG. 7;  
         [0031]    [0031]FIG. 12 shows edges extracted by the method shown in FIG. 11;  
         [0032]    [0032]FIG. 13 shows a third method for determining a search area from the strength of the signal power obtained by the EHF radar shown in FIG. 7;  
         [0033]    [0033]FIG. 14 shows an image of a plurality of preceding vehicles;  
         [0034]    [0034]FIG. 15 is a flowchart showing the second processing of the microcomputer of FIG. 7;  
         [0035]    [0035]FIG. 16 shows the strength of the power obtained by the EHF radar in the processing shown in FIG. 15;  
         [0036]    [0036]FIG. 17 shows a first method for determining a search area in the process of FIG. 15;  
         [0037]    [0037]FIG. 18 shows a second method for determining a search area in the process of FIG. 13;  
         [0038]    [0038]FIG. 19 is a flowchart showing the third processing of the microcomputer of FIG. 7;  
         [0039]    [0039]FIG. 20 is a vehicle target detection apparatus according to a second embodiment of the invention;  
         [0040]    [0040]FIGS. 21A to  21 E are diagrams for explaining the processing in the image recognition unit of FIG. 20;  
         [0041]    [0041]FIG. 22 shows a first specific circuit configuration of a target detection system according to a second embodiment;  
         [0042]    [0042]FIG. 23 is a flowchart showing the operation of the system of FIG. 22;  
         [0043]    [0043]FIG. 24 shows a second specific circuit configuration of a target detection system according to the second embodiment;  
         [0044]    [0044]FIG. 25 is a flowchart showing the operation of the system of FIG. 24;  
         [0045]    [0045]FIG. 26 shows a third specific circuit configuration of a target detection system according to the second embodiment;  
         [0046]    [0046]FIG. 27 shows a pattern matching area in FIG. 26;  
         [0047]    [0047]FIG. 28 is a flowchart showing the operation of the system of FIG. 27;  
         [0048]    [0048]FIG. 29 shows a fourth specific circuit configuration of a vehicle target detection system according to the second embodiment;  
         [0049]    [0049]FIG. 30 is a flowchart showing the first operation of the system of FIG. 29; and  
         [0050]    [0050]FIG. 31 is a flowchart showing the second operation of the system of FIG. 29. 
     
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
       [0051]    First, an explanation will be given of the principle of fusion processing for target detection which is used in a target detection system according to this invention.  
         [0052]    As shown in FIG. 2, the target detection system comprises an EHF radar  11 , a left camera  12 , a right camera  3  and an image processing ECU  14 . The ECU  14  is configured with an image processing microcomputer  21  and a fusion processing microcomputer  22 . The image processing microcomputer  21  detects a target by processing the image data obtained from the cameras  12 ,  13 . Specifically, edges are extracted from the images obtained from the left and right cameras  12 ,  13 , and the parallax is calculated from the left and right positions of edge extraction thereby to calculate the distance value. The processing operation of the image processing microcomputer  21  will be explained with reference to FIG. 3.  
         [0053]    [0053]FIG. 3 shows a picked-up image of the condition ahead of the target detection system. Ahead of the vehicle, there is a preceding vehicle  6 , lines  7  are drawn on the road surface, and a guard rail  8  is present at a shoulder. FIG. 4 shows the result of calculating the edges by processing the image of FIG. 3, and FIG. 5 the result of extracting the edges in the descending order of peak strength by processing the result of FIG. 4. In FIG. 5, the vertical short lines represent the edges extracted. The image processing microcomputer  21  extracts the edges of FIG. 5 from the left and right cameras  12 ,  13  and calculates the distance to the target using the parallax.  
         [0054]    In the processing method of the EHF radar  11 , the interior of a specified area is scanned by the EHF radar and the portion of the output data having strong power is recognized as a target. FIG. 6 shows the relation between the horizontal position (angle or range) of the scanned area and the power strength of the data output from the EHF radar  11 . It is seen that the power strength of the portion where the target is present is high, and vice versa.  
         [0055]    The fusion processing microcomputer  22  determines whether a target is present or not by overall analysis of the detection result of the EHF radar  11  and the detection result of the image processing microcomputer  21 , and thereby checks the presence of a target such as a preceding vehicle and calculates the distance to the preceding vehicle.  
       Embodiment 1  
       [0056]    [0056]FIG. 7 shows a vehicle target detection system according to a first embodiment of the invention.  
         [0057]    A vehicle target detection system comprises an EHF radar  11 , a left camera  12 , a right camera  13  and an image processing ECU  14 . The ECU  14  is configured with a microcomputer  15  having the dual functions of image processing and fusion processing. Although the two cameras  12 ,  13 , left and right, are used for measuring the distance by parallax in image processing, only one camera will do in the case where the distance is not measured by parallax.  
         [0058]    Now, the processing in the microcomputer  15  will be explained.  
       Embodiment 1-1  
       [0059]    [0059]FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing the processing in the microcomputer  15 . The condition ahead of the vehicle is assumed to be the same as shown in FIG. 3 and described above.  
         [0060]    In FIG. 8, the interior of a specified area is scanned by the EHF radar  11  in step S 1 . FIG. 9 shows the result of scanning obtained from the EHF radar  11 . In FIG. 9, the abscissa represents the horizontal position (angle) of the area scanned, and the ordinate the power strength in dB. In the case where a preceding vehicle  6  is present, as shown, the signal power strength is high at the horizontal position corresponding to the preceding vehicle  6 .  
         [0061]    In step S 2 , an object having a high signal power strength (not less than P dB) is recognized as a target, and the range (X 0  to X 1 ) where the target is present is held as a search area. In the case shown in FIG. 3, what is detected as a target is the preceding vehicle  6  alone. Power is not detected from a planar object like the lines  7  drawn on the road surface.  
         [0062]    In step S 3 , the angular range (X 0  to X 1 ) obtained in step S 2  is defined as a search area in the image acquired from the left and right cameras  12 ,  13 .  
         [0063]    In step S 4 , edges are extracted in the search area thus defined. The processing for extracting vertical edges is well known by those skilled in the art and therefore will not be described herein.  
         [0064]    In step S 5 , only edges high in signal power strength are extracted from among the extracted edges. Unlike FIG. 4 showing the result of edge extraction over all the images obtained from the cameras  12 ,  13 , the present embodiment is such that the vertical edges are extracted only for the search area but not over the whole image. The result is as shown in FIG. 10, in which the edges are represented by vertical short lines.  
         [0065]    By extracting the vertical edges only within the specified search area in this way, the processing time can be shortened as compared with the case where a target is detected based on the edges of the whole image. Also, the edges are extracted for line  7 , etc. (FIG. 3) not included in the search area of FIG. 9, and therefore lines or letters written on the road surface are not erroneously detected as a target.  
         [0066]    In step S 6 , the peaks in the left and right images are matched, and in step S 7 , the parallax for the corresponding peaks is calculated thereby to obtain the distance to the preceding vehicle  6 . The process of steps S 6 , S 7  is well known by those skilled in the art, and therefore will not be described.  
         [0067]    In the example described above, the search area is defined for edge extraction by image processing and the processing time can be shortened. Also, objects such as lines or letters on the road surface are not reflected in the signal power of the EHF radar. Thus, only such objects such as an obstacle and a preceding vehicle can be detected.  
       Embodiment 1-2  
       [0068]    The detection of the search area in Step S 2  of FIG. 8 can be variously modified.  
         [0069]    [0069]FIG. 11 shows a different method of extracting the search area in step S 2 . FIG. 12 shows the result of this edge extraction. In FIG. 11, the range of first level P0 to second level P1 dB of the signal power strength obtained from the EHF radar  11  is defined as a predetermined level range of power strength, and the ranges X 0  to X 1 , X 2  to X 3  in the particular level range are extracted as a search area. The portion of FIG. 11 where the power strength is high represents the detection of a target. The range of P0 to P1 dB where the signal power strength changes sharply represents the edge position of the target. According to this embodiment, therefore, the position where the edges can probably be extracted can be further limited, and therefore, as shown in FIG. 12, only the edges of the target can be extracted, thereby further shortening the processing time.  
       Embodiment 1- )    
       [0070]    [0070]FIG. 13 shows another different method of extracting a search area in step S 2  of FIG. 8. The distribution of the signal power strength obtained from the EHF radar  11  may be divided into a plurality of peaks as shown in FIG. 13. This phenomenon often occurs when two vehicles  6 ,  9  are running ahead as shown in FIG. 14. In the case where the power distribution is divided into two peaks as described above, the horizontal positions X 0  to X 1  of the valley (the portion where the signal power strength is not more than P1 dB) are extracted as a search area.  
       Embodiment 1-4  
       [0071]    When a vehicle is actually running on a toll road or a free way, the possibility of presence of a single preceding vehicle is very low and a plurality of vehicles are running ahead in almost all cases. Therefore, various patterns are obtained in the result of output from the EHF radar and it is impossible to determine a pattern uniquely. In view of this, the actual driving requirement is met by assuming that the total of all the search areas described in embodiments 1-1 to 1-3 constitute a search area.  
       Embodiment 1-5  
       [0072]    [0072]FIG. 15 is a flowchart showing the second process in the microcomputer  15 .  
         [0073]    In step S 11 , the interior of a specified area is scanned by the EHF radar  11 . FIG. 16 shows the result of scanning obtained from the EHF radar  11 . Assume that the condition ahead of the vehicle is the same as that shown in FIG. 2.  
         [0074]    In step S 12 , an object with high signal power strength is recognized as a target, and the angle (X 0 ) corresponding to the peak of signal power strength in FIG. 16 is extracted and held.  
         [0075]    In steps S 13 , S 14 , a search area is extracted based on the density change of the image. FIG. 17 shows a density change of the image obtained from the cameras  12 ,  13 . This density change represents the density of the image obtained from the cameras  12 ,  13 , as expressed on a given horizontal line (X coordinate).  
         [0076]    In step S 13 , an area of the density change laterally symmetric about the coordinate X 0  corresponding to a peak is searched for, and the positions X 1 , X 2  which have ceased to be symmetric are held. In the case where the target is a vehicle, the image density thereof is laterally symmetric about the center while, outside of the vehicle, the image of the road surface, etc. is detected and therefore is not laterally symmetric. This indicates that a target area is probably located in the neighborhood of the positions X 1 , X 2  where the lateral symmetry has disappeared. In view of the fact that the perfect lateral symmetry cannot be actually obtained even for the same target, however, a certain degree of allowance is given for a symmetry decision.  
         [0077]    In step S 14 , the areas (X 3  to X 4 , X 5  to X 6 ) covering several neighboring coordinate points about the positions X 1 , X 2  are held as a search area. In this way, the area in the vicinity of the positions X 1 , X 2  is specified to show that the edges of a target are present in the particular search area.  
         [0078]    The processes in subsequent steps, i.e. steps S 4  to S 7  using this search area are similar to that in the flowchart of FIG. 8 described above. Also in this embodiment, the time required for image processing is shortened, and letters on the road surface are prevented from being detected erroneously as a target.  
       Embodiment 1-6  
       [0079]    The aforementioned extraction of a search area by image processing in steps S 13 , S 14  described above can use a density projection value instead of a density change of the image.  
         [0080]    [0080]FIG. 18 shows a method of extracting a search area using the density projection value of an image. The density projection value is obtained by totaling the pixel densities in vertical direction for the images obtained from the cameras  12 ,  13 . In this embodiment, too, the search areas X 3  to X 4 , X 5  to X 6  are obtained in a similar manner to the aforementioned embodiment 2-1.  
       Embodiment 1-7  
       [0081]    [0081]FIG. 19 is a flowchart showing the third process in the microcomputer  15  of FIG. 7. In step S 21 , an image is acquired from the cameras  12 ,  13 .  
         [0082]    In step S 22 , edges are extracted by image processing. In this image processing, edges are extracted over the entire range of the image, and therefore the result as shown in FIG. 4 described above is obtained.  
         [0083]    From the edges obtained, peaks are extracted in the descending order of power strength in step S 23 . The result is as shown in FIG. 5. The extraction position for each edge is held as an angular position Xn.  
         [0084]    In step S 24 , the interior of the specified area is scanned by the EHF radar  11 . In step S 25 , the angular position Yn is extracted and held from the result of scanning. This angular position Yn is similar to the one extracted as a search area in embodiments described above, and any of the methods shown in FIGS. 9, 11 and  13  or a given combination thereof can be used.  
         [0085]    In step S 26 , a portion shared by the angular positions Xn and Yn is extracted. In step S 27 , the parallax is determined for the target at the common angular position extracted, and by converting it into a distance value, a target is detected.  
         [0086]    In embodiment 1-7, the time required for image processing is not shortened, but the measurement error due to letters or other obstacles on the road surface can be eliminated.  
       Embodiment 2  
       [0087]    [0087]FIG. 20 shows a target detection system for a vehicle according to a second embodiment of the invention.  
         [0088]    This vehicle target detection system comprises an EHF radar  11 , a left camera  12 , a right camera  13  and an ECU  14 . The ECU  14  includes an image recognition unit  25  for processing the images input from the two cameras  12 ,  13  and outputting edge data and a processing unit  26  for detecting the presence of and measuring the distance to a target by fusion processing of the edge data input from the EHF radar  11  and the image recognition unit  25 .  
         [0089]    The configuration described above is similar to that of the conventional target detection system. Unlike in the conventional target detection system in which the result is output unidirectionally only from the image recognition unit  25  to the processing unit  26 , however, the target detection system shown in FIG. 20 is different from the conventional target detection system in that bidirectional communication is sometimes established between the processing unit  26  and the image recognition unit  25 .  
         [0090]    The EHF radar  11  radiates an EHF forward of the vehicle, and detects the presence of and the distance to a target based on the radio wave reflected from the target. The EHF radar  11 , which has a low accuracy of distance measurement for a near target, outputs a near flag upon detection of a near target. The near flag is output in temporally stable state in the case where a target is located very near (not farther than 5 m, for example), and output intermittently in unstable state in the case where a near target is present (about 5 m to 10 m). In the case where a target is located far (not less than 10 m), on the other hand, no near flag is output.  
         [0091]    The processing in the image recognition unit  25  will be explained with reference to FIGS. 21A to  21 E. First, the image recognition unit  25  extracts the edges of an input image (FIG. 21A) of the camera  12 . As a result, the edges shown in FIG. 21B are obtained. Then, from the result of this edge extraction, N (say, 16) edges are extracted in the descending order of strength (FIG. 21C).  
         [0092]    From each of the N edges, a matching pattern  17  including M×M (say, 9×9) pixels is retrieved as shown in FIG. 21E, and the pattern matching is effected for the input image (FIG. 21D) from the other camera  13  thereby to detect corresponding edges. From the parallax between the two edges, the distance to each edge is calculated and the result is output to the processing unit  26  as edge data.  
         [0093]    As shown also in FIG. 21B, the image recognition unit  25  may erroneously output a distance by extracting also the edges for the density difference of white lines and other objects other than the target which are not three-dimensional. Also, the distance may be erroneously measured by a mis-operation in the case where the matching area happens to include a pattern similar to the pattern  17  as large as M×M pixels used for pattern matching as shown in FIG. 21E.  
         [0094]    In view of this, according to this invention, the near flag output from the EHF radar  11  and the letter flag and the road surface flag output from the image recognition unit  25  are used so that the recognition error and the distance measurement error of the image recognition system for the fusion area  4  (FIG. 1) are prevented before the fusion processing in the processing unit  26 .  
       Embodiment 2-1  
       [0095]    [0095]FIG. 22 shows a first specific configuration of a vehicle target detection system. The component parts that have already been explained with reference to FIG. 20 will not be explained again.  
         [0096]    When edge data is output from the image recognition unit  25 , the pre-processing unit  28  of the processing unit  26  selects the edge data by the near flag output from the EHF radar  11 . The edge data determined as effective are employed and output to the fusion processing unit  29 .  
         [0097]    This processing will be explained in detail with reference to the flowchart of FIG. 23.  
         [0098]    The image recognition unit  25  is supplied with images from the cameras  12 ,  13  (step S 31 ) and extracts the edges from one of the images (step S 32 ). From the edges thus extracted, a predetermined number of edges having a strong peak are extracted (step S 33 ). The pattern matching for the other image is carried out for each edge (step S 34 ) thereby to measure the distance (step S 35 ).  
         [0099]    The pre-processing unit  28  of the processing unit  26  determines whether the near flag is output from the EHF radar  11  (step S 36 ), and if any is output, determines whether the near flag is output in stable fashion (step S 37 ).  
         [0100]    In the case where it is determined that the near flag is output in stable fashion (continuously temporally), it is determined that a target is present at a very near distance (say, 0 to 5 m), and the edge data having distance information of a very near distance (say, not more than 5 m) is employed (step S 38 ). In the case where it is determined that the near flag is output in unstable fashion (intermittently), on the other hand, it is determined that a target is located at a near distance (say, 5 to 10 m), and the edge is employed which has distance information on a near distance (say, 5 to 10 m) (step S 39 ). Further, in the case where the near flag is not output, it is determined that a target is located far (say, not less than 10 m), so that the edges having far distance (say, not less than 10 m) information in the fusion area  4  are employed (step S 40 ).  
         [0101]    In the fusion processing unit  29 , the fusion processing is executed based on the edge data employed and the data output from the EHF radar  11  thereby to recognize the presence of a target and measure the distance to the target (step S 41 ), followed by outputting the result (step S 42 ).  
         [0102]    According to this embodiment, even in the case where the edge data is recognized erroneously or the distance is measured erroneously by the image recognition unit  25 , the particular edge data is eliminated unless a target is detected by the EHF radar  11  in the area of erroneous distance measurement. Thus, erroneous recognition or erroneous distance measurement for the target can be prevented. Also, invalid edge data is removed before the fusion processing and, therefore, the processing time can be shortened.  
       Embodiment 2-2  
       [0103]    [0103]FIG. 24 shows a second specific circuit configuration of a vehicle target detection system according to a second embodiment. The component parts already explained will not be explained again.  
         [0104]    The continuity determination unit  30  of the processing unit  26  determines the state of the near flag output from the EHF radar  11 , and the resulting data is sent to the invalid edge removing unit  31  of the image recognition unit  25 . In the invalid edge removing unit  31 , invalid edge data are removed in accordance with the condition of the near flag and the edge data is output to the fusion processing unit  29 .  
         [0105]    The aforementioned process will be explained in detail with reference to the flowchart of FIG. 25.  
         [0106]    In the image recognition unit  25 , as in steps S 31  to S 33  in the embodiment 2-1 described above, the image is input (step S 51 ), the edges are extracted (step S 52 ) and the peak is extracted (step S 53 ).  
         [0107]    The image recognition unit  25 , as in steps S 34 , S 35  in the aforementioned embodiment, conducts pattern matching using the edge data not removed (step S 54 ) and measures the distance (step S 55 ).  
         [0108]    Then, as in steps S 36 , S 37  in the embodiment 2-1 described above, the continuity determination unit  30  determines whether the near flag is output or not from the EHF radar  11  (step S 56 ) and also whether the near flag is in stable state or not (step S 57 ), the result thereof being output to the invalid edge removing unit  31 .  
         [0109]    In the case where the near flag is output in stable fashion, the invalid edge removing unit  31  removes the edge data having other than the very near distance information (step S 58 ). Upon receipt of the data indicating that the near flag is output in unstable fashion, on the other hand, the edges having other than the near distance information are removed (step S 59 ). Further, in the case where no near flag is output, the edge data having other than far distance information are removed (step S 60 ).  
         [0110]    The resulting edge data is output to the fusion processing unit  29 . In the fusion processing unit  29 , as in steps S 41 , S 42  of the embodiment 2-1 described above, the fusion processing is carried out (step S 61 ) and the result is output (step S 62 ).  
         [0111]    This embodiment also produces the same effect as the embodiment 2-1 described above.  
       Embodiment 2-3  
       [0112]    [0112]FIG. 26 shows a third specific circuit configuration of a vehicle target detection system according to a second embodiment. The component parts already explained will not be explained again.  
         [0113]    The continuity determination unit  30  of the processing unit  26  determines the state of the near flag output from the EHF radar  11 , and sends the result data to the image recognition unit  25 . In the image recognition unit  25 , an area priority setting unit  32  determines the order of priority of the pattern matching areas corresponding to the input result data, and performs the pattern matching for the selected area in priority.  
         [0114]    [0114]FIG. 27 shows areas for which the pattern matching is conducted.  
         [0115]    Upon extraction of the edges from one of the images, as shown in FIG. 21A, a matching pattern corresponding to the edge portion is taken out and, as shown in FIG. 21D, the pattern matching is carried out for the other image. In the process, based on the data input from the continuity determination unit  30 , the order of priority of areas is determined according to the edge extraction position.  
         [0116]    The image recognition unit  25 , upon receipt of the data indicating that a near flag is stably output, performs the pattern matching for the area of the 26th to 80th pixels from the edge extraction position as a very near area in priority over the other areas. Upon receipt of the data indicating that the near flag is output in an unstable fashion, on the other hand, the image recognition unit  25  performs the pattern matching for the area of the 10th to 25th pixels, for example, in priority as a near area. Further, upon receipt of the data indicating that no near flag is output, the image recognition unit  25  performs the pattern matching for the area of the 0th to the 9th pixels, for example, in priority as a far area.  
         [0117]    The aforementioned processing will be explained in detail with reference to the flowchart of FIG. 28.  
         [0118]    In the image recognition unit  25 , an image is input (step S 71 ), edges are extracted (step S 72 ) and a peak is extracted (step S 73 ), and the continuity determination unit  30  determines whether the near flag is output or not (step S 74 ) and whether the near flag is stable or not (step S 75 ). The result is output to the edge priority setting unit  32 .  
         [0119]    In the case where the near flag is output in a stable fashion, the edge priority setting unit  32  gives the priority to the very near distance for the pattern matching area (step S 76 ). Upon receipt of the data indicating that the near flag is output in an unstable fashion, on the other hand, the near distance is given priority (step S 77 ). Further, in the case where no near flag is output, the far distance is given priority (step S 78 ).  
         [0120]    The image recognition unit  25  performs the pattern matching (step S 79 ) and measures the distance (step S 80 ) for the area given priority. The resulting edge data is output to the fusion processing unit  29 .  
         [0121]    In the fusion processing unit  29 , as in steps S 41  and S 42  of the embodiment 2-1 described above, the fusion processing is carried out (step S 81 ) and the result is output (step S 82 ).  
         [0122]    According to this embodiment, the pattern matching is started from the area mostly likely to match, and therefore the time until successful matching is shortened. Also, the possibility of handling a similar matching pattern is reduced thereby to prevent the erroneous distance measurement.  
       Embodiment 2-4  
       [0123]    [0123]FIG. 29 shows a fourth specific circuit configuration of a vehicle target detection system according to the second embodiment. The component parts already explained will not be explained again.  
         [0124]    A road surface/letter edge determination unit  33  of the image recognition unit  25  determines whether an extracted edge represents a line or a letter on the road surface or not, and outputs the result to the invalid edge removing unit  34  of the processing unit  26 . The invalid edge removing unit  34  removes the invalid edges from the edge data input thereto from the image recognition unit  25 , and outputs the remaining edge data to the fusion processing unit  29 .  
         [0125]    In the image recognition unit  25 , the edges are extracted according to the density difference on the image. Thus, the edges of the letters and shadows on the road surface, though not a target, are extracted undesirably according to the density difference.  
         [0126]    The road surface/letter edge determination unit  33  determines whether the density difference on the road surface or a target is involved or not, based on the distance information and height information on the density difference extracted. In the case where it is determined that the density difference is that on the road surface, the edge data corresponding to the particular density difference with the road surface flag attached thereto is output to the invalid edge removing unit  34 .  
         [0127]    The letters written on the road surface change from the road surface color to white or yellow or from white or yellow to the road surface color in the vicinity of the edge thereof. The road surface/letter edge determination unit  33 , in any of the changes mentioned above, determines that the road surface letters are detected, using the density information in the neighborhood of the extracted edge. Upon determination that the road surface letters are involved, the road surface letter determination unit  33  outputs the edge with a letter flag attached thereto to the invalid edge removing unit  34 .  
         [0128]    In the case where the road surface flag or the letter flag is attached to the edge data and the distance information indicates the near distance (say, not more than 10 m), the invalid edge removing unit  34  determines whether there is a near flag output from the EHF radar  11 . Unless the near flag is output, the particular edge is determined as the density difference or the letters on the road surface and removed, while the remaining edge data are output to the fusion processing unit  26 .  
         [0129]    The aforementioned process will be explained in detail with reference to the flowchart of FIG. 30.  
         [0130]    In the image recognition unit  25 , as in steps S 31  to S 35  of the embodiment 2-1 described above, an image is input (step S 91 ), edges are extracted (step S 92 ), a peak is extracted (step S 93 ), the pattern matching is carried out (step S 94 ), and the distance is measured (step S 95 ). By using the technique mentioned above, the road surface flag or the letter flag is attached to a predetermined edge data (step S 96 ).  
         [0131]    The invalid edge removing unit  34  determines whether the road surface flag or the letter flag exists or not (step S 97 ), determines whether the edge distance information indicates a near distance or not (step S 98 ), and determines whether the near flag is output or not from the EHF radar  11  (step S 99 ). In the case where the road surface flag or the letter flag is attached, the edge distance information indicates the near distance and the near flag is not output, then the edge data of the road surface flag or the letter flag, as the case may be, is removed (step S 100 ), and the remaining edge data is delivered to the fusion processing unit  29 .  
         [0132]    In the fusion processing unit  29 , as in steps S 41  and S 42  of the embodiment 2-1 described above, the fusion processing is carried out (step S 101 ) and the result is output (step S 102 ).  
         [0133]    The embodiment 2-4 can be modified in the following way.  
         [0134]    The road surface/letter edge determination unit  33  may output only the road surface flag from the distance and height of the density difference of the road surface or, conversely, may output only the letter flag from the change in the density difference of the road surface.  
         [0135]    Also, the process can be changed as shown in the flowchart of FIG. 31. Specifically, the invalid edge removing unit  34  determines whether the road surface flag or the letter flag is attached to the edge data or not and also determines in step S 981  whether the distance information indicates a far distance (say, not less than 10 m). In the case where the distance information indicates a far distance, it is determined in step S 991  whether the distance data output from the EHF radar  11  is within the allowable error range of the distance information of the edge data. In the case where it is not within the allowable error range, the edge data to which the road surface flag or the letter flag is attached is removed in step S 100 .  
         [0136]    According to this embodiment, the erroneous recognition and the erroneous distance measurement in the image recognition system can be prevented before the fusion processing by use of the letter flag and the road surface flag of the image recognition system.