Abstract:
A collapsible runway side barrier for preventing foreign object debris (FOD) from entering a runway and taxiway is disclosed. The barrier may have an aerodynamic profile, one side of the barrier profile may be convex and the other side of the barrier profile may be concave. The side barrier may further have ground attachment elements and may be constructed to collapse if the landing wheels of an aircraft impact the barrier.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/721,092, filed May 26, 2015, which is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/816,274, filed on Feb. 11, 2013, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,284,067, which is a National Phase Application of PCT International Application No. PCT/IL2011/000616, International Filing Date Jul. 31, 2011, claiming priority of Israeli Patent Application No. 207600, filed Aug. 12, 2010, all of which are hereby incorporated by reference. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    The present invention relates to the safety of airport runways. More particularly, the invention provides a side barrier preventing foreign object debris (FOD) from entering a runway and taxiway and endangering aircraft. 
         [0003]    The importance of keeping airport runways and taxiways clear of FOD is well known. 
         [0004]    An important consideration requiring attention is that the large diameter engines used by jet aircrafts are most often located under the aircraft wings, thus bringing the engine intake perilously close to ground level. As aircraft jet engines can be severely damaged on ingestion of even small solid particles, a clean runway is needed to ensure the safe operation of the engines, particularly during take-off. 
         [0005]    The arrival of FOD on a runway or taxiway is often due to winds or wind caused by jet blast which collect FOD from an outside area. After the wind abates and before any airplane is cleared for take-off a clean-up crew may be sent to clear the runway for both incoming and outgoing aircraft. The resultant delays can have a ripple effect on other flights resulting in angry passengers and much fuel wastage as incoming aircraft circle the airport in a holding pattern. 
         [0006]    While it may appear at first glance that the erection of a FOD barrier on each side of a runway is a simple matter, it must be realized that under various circumstances (pilot error, fog, under carriage malfunction, a collision avoidance maneuver etc.) an aircraft may fail to adhere to the line marking the runway center and collide with the FOD barrier. If the barrier is rigid such a collision is likely to result in loss of life, injuries and a wrecked aircraft. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0007]    Accordingly Prevost in U.S. Patent application 2008/0175665, and U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,207,742 7,223,047 and 7,677,833 discloses an arrangement wherein a downward slope is created adjacent to each side of the runway. A water impermeable material covers the slope, at the bottom of which a line of artificial grass is to collect FOD driven by jet blasts and water run-off from the runway. The drawbacks of this system include the difficulty of cleaning the artificial grass and the high cost of creating two or 3 levels where only one level—the surface of the runway—exists presently. 
         [0008]    It is therefore one of the objects of the present invention to obviate the disadvantages of prior art methods of clearing a runway and taxiways and to provide a side barrier which stops and reduces FOD before it can reach the runway and endanger aircraft thereon. 
         [0009]    It is a further object of the present invention to provide a collapsible barrier which will cause no damage to an aircraft colliding therewith. 
         [0010]    Yet a further object is to retain the FOD and allow for its collection or removal in an orderly manner 
         [0011]    Yet another object is to easily clean the runway from FOD without blocking it by the barrier. 
         [0012]    Finally it is an object of the present invention to provide a barrier of aerodynamic characteristics. 
         [0013]    The present invention achieves the above objects by providing a runway side barrier for preventing foreign object debris (FOD) from entering a runway used by aircraft, said barrier having ground attachment means and being constructed to collapse if the landing wheels of an aircraft impact said barrier and thus allow said aircraft to safely continue landing/takeoff/taxiing. 
         [0014]    In a preferred embodiment of the present invention there is provided a barrier being provided with a plurality of rows of ground attachment items. 
         [0015]    In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention there is provided a barrier being made of an elastomer, the height of said barrier being temporarily reduced by at least 80% when compressed by said landing wheels of said aircraft. 
         [0016]    In another preferred embodiment of the present invention there is provided a barrier being made of a rigid material, the barrier profile including break points 37 allowing collapse of said profile under pressure of an aircraft landing wheel. 
         [0017]    In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention there is provided a barrier wherein the barrier profile includes at least one opening which can be accessed for cleaning from a moving vehicle by use of standard cleaning tools and can be accessed by a robot or a cleaning person moving in a direction parallel to said barrier. 
         [0018]    In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention there is provided a barrier further provided with drainage channels disposed between ground attachment means. 
         [0019]    In yet a further preferred embodiment of the present invention there is provided a barrier further provided with support means for a row of spaced-apart landing lights disposed along the length thereof. 
         [0020]    In another preferred embodiment of the present invention there is provided a barrier wherein means are provided for varying the height thereof. 
         [0021]    In a most preferred embodiment the barrier is aerodynamic having one side convex while the other being concave. 
         [0022]    The invention further comprises two methods for manufacturing and installing the barrier described herein. 
         [0023]    In a first method of the present invention of installing a runway side barrier for FOD spaced-apart fold relief recesses are provided therealong, allowing said barrier to be transported from the manufacturer to an airport in a compact folded form. 
         [0024]    In a second method provided by present invention a barrier is installed after being manufactured in discrete lengths for convenient storage and transport. One extremity of each length is formed in a hollow configuration to engage the unformed extremity of an adjacent length when deployed at the side of a runway. 
         [0025]    It will thus be realized that the novel device of the present invention serves not only to stop FOD being blown onto the runway but also allows orderly collection, cleaning or removing thereof. 
         [0026]    A very important feature of all embodiments of the invention is that even if the aircraft hits the barrier for whatever reason, the barrier will collapse and allow the landing wheel to crush the barrier without causing damage to the aircraft. 
         [0027]    The invention shows how the barrier may be constructed using a wide variety of materials—steel, aluminium, rubber and plastics. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0028]    The invention will now be described further with reference to the accompanying drawings, which represent by example preferred embodiments of the invention. Structural details are shown only as far as necessary for a fundamental understanding thereof. The described examples, together with the drawings, will make apparent to those skilled in the art how further forms of the invention may be realized. 
           [0029]    In the drawings: 
           [0030]      FIG. 1  is a plan view of runways in a present-day airport. 
           [0031]      FIG. 2  is a further plan view the same airport, showing FOD encroaching on a runway of said airport; 
           [0032]      FIG. 3  is a perspective view of the runways seen in  FIG. 1 ; 
           [0033]      FIG. 4  is a perspective view of the runways seen in  FIG. 2 ; 
           [0034]      FIG. 5  is a perspective view of a sheet metal embodiment, or any other material; 
           [0035]      FIG. 6  is a perspective view of an embodiment made from an aluminium extrusion; 
           [0036]      FIG. 7  is a perspective view of a further sheet metal embodiment; 
           [0037]      FIG. 8  is a perspective view of a further similar embodiment provided with struts; 
           [0038]      FIG. 9  is a perspective view of a further similar embodiment provided with struts which are configured to collapse; 
           [0039]      FIG. 10  is a perspective view of a barrier supporting landing lights; 
           [0040]      FIG. 11  is a perspective view of an embodiment allowing drainage; 
           [0041]      FIG. 12  is a perspective view of an adjustable embodiment seen in a low position: 
           [0042]      FIG. 13  is a perspective view of the same adjustable embodiment seen in a high position: 
           [0043]      FIG. 14  is a view of a foldable embodiment and 
           [0044]      FIG. 15  is a view of an embodiment comprising discrete joinable lengths. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0045]    There are seen in  FIGS. 1 and 3  several runways  10 ,  14  typical of those found in a present-day airport. FOD  18  is seen accumulating near the runways  10 ,  14 . These runways are interconnected by parking/taxing areas  12 ,  16  used by aircraft  22  waiting for permission to take off. 
         [0046]    The runways are clean, no FOD is encroaching on a runway of said airport; In  FIGS. 2 and 4  the same runways are seen, with FOD encroaching on parking areas  12 ,  16  and runways. 
         [0047]    A preferred embodiment of the FOD barrier, to be installed on both sides of the runways according to the invention is seen in  FIG. 5  and is made of sheet metal or any other suitable material. The barrier  34  is provided with two rows  36   38  of ground attachment items. If crushed by an aircraft  22  landing wheel, the damaged portion of the barrier  34  is discarded and replaced. Preferably the shape being aerodynamic profile—one side of the barrier the “FOD collection side” concave to enable stopping FOD from entering the runway and the other side of the barrier, having a convex shape. 
         [0048]    The barrier embodiment  40  seen in  FIG. 6  can be produced as an aluminium extrusion or rubber of about 350 mm is sufficient. As such, the present embodiment  40  can be produced at low cost but will need replacement if crushed by the landing wheel of an aircraft. 
         [0049]      FIGS. 7, 8 and 9  illustrate further embodiments  42 ,  44  and  46 . The embodiment  42  seen in  FIG. 7  is a simple low-cost barrier which collapses easily and is thus suitable for a runway serving light aircrafts. 
         [0050]    The embodiment  44  seen in  FIG. 8  is provided with support pillars  45 . The pillars  45  are driven into the soil if compressed by the passage thereover of a landing wheel. Thus there is a possibility of reusing the damaged section by repositioning the edge  48  upwards. In contradistinction thereto the supports  50  provided in the embodiment  46  seen in  FIG. 9  are intended to break when compressed and are replaced thereafter. 
         [0051]    Referring now to  FIG. 10 , there is depicted a barrier  52  further provided with support means for a row of spaced-apart landing lights  54  disposed along the length thereof. The sheet metal profile provides a convenient protective housing for the electric cable  56  providing power to the lights  54 . 
         [0052]    In  FIG. 11  there is seen a FOD barrier  58  further provided with drainage channels  60  disposed between ground attachment means  62 . This drainage is useful in preventing standing water on the runway resulting from rain, washing of aircraft or the operation of fire extinguishers. 
         [0053]    The barrier  58  seen is made of perforated metal  64  to allow drainage and to facilitate collapse when compressed by a landing wheel. Alternatively, other permeable materials may be used, such as recycled rubber. 
         [0054]    Turning now to  FIGS. 12 and 13 , there is seen a barrier  66  wherein hinged struts  68  are provided and are pivoted at  70  proximate to the upper edge  72  of the barrier  66 . A fixed actuator  74  is held substantially at ground level. An telescopic arm  76  forms part of the strut  68  near the fixed actuator  74 . The actuator  74  can shorten the strut  68  as in  FIG. 12  for lowering the barrier  66 , or lengthen the strut  68  as in  FIG. 13  to raise the barrier  66 . 
         [0055]    Where it is foreseen that the profile height is to be set once only, the appropriate actuator  74  is a screw and nut arrangement which is hand set on installation to bring the barrier  66  to a chosen height. 
         [0056]    However where it is intended to regularly change the height of the barrier  66  the actuator  74  comprises a screw and nut mechanism operated by a reversible direction electric motor. A central control station to operate the height adjustment mechanisms can be located in the control tower. 
         [0057]    The actuator  74  may comprise a fluid power cylinder. The actuators  74  can be remotely operated from the control tower. 
         [0058]    Height adjustability is advantageous where a lower position as in  FIG. 12  is needed for small aircraft, while a higher barrier as seen in  FIG. 13  is suitable for large aircraft. 
         [0059]      FIG. 14  refers to a first method of installing an elastomer runway side barrier  78  against FOD. Spaced-apart fold relief recesses  80  are provided therealong, allowing the barrier  78  to be folded and stored, and then transported from the manufacturer or vendor to an airport in the compact folded form seen in the figure. 
         [0060]    With regard to  FIG. 15  there is illustrated a barrier  82  which is used in combination with a second improved method of installation. 
         [0061]    The invention provides a method of installing a runway side barrier  82 . The barrier is manufactured in discrete lengths  88  for convenient storage and transport. One extremity  84  of each length is formed in a hollow configuration to engage the unformed extremity  86  of an adjacent length when deployed at the side of a runway. 
         [0062]    Due to its construction and profile the removing of FOD which accumulated therealong is performed by ordinary cleaning tools know in the art. 
         [0063]    The scope of the described invention is intended to include all embodiments coming within the meaning of the following claims. The foregoing examples illustrate useful forms of the invention, but are not to be considered as limiting its scope, as those skilled in the art will be aware that additional variants and modifications of the invention can readily be formulated without departing from the meaning of the following claims.