Abstract:
A holder for an optical device for changing the orientation of the optical device, such as for photographic, video or film cameras, having a first component having a first pivot axis for connecting to a tripod and a second component having a second pivot axis for connecting to the optical device, wherein the two pivot axes extend transversely with respect to each other and can each be adjusted in a mutually independent manner, wherein the first pivot axis is arranged in the first component and the second pivot axis is likewise arranged in the first component.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The invention relates to a holder for an optical device for changing the orientation of the optical device, in particular for photographic, video or film cameras, having a first component having a first pivot axis for connecting to a tripod and a second component having a second pivot axis for connecting to the optical device. 
     Such holders are also referred to as three-way heads. A three-way head is a tripod head for photographic tripods, i.e., a holder for an optical device, in particular for photographic, video or film cameras, by means of which the optical device is fastened to the tripod and the orientation of the optical device can be set or changed. A three-way head can be independently adjusted in three axes. The tripod head can be pivoted horizontally, inclined up and down and tilted sideways. 
     A specific form of the three-way head is the geared tripod head. Geared tripod heads are tripod heads having a gear drive for adjusting the three axes. They are advantageous compared with conventional three-way tripod heads in that each axis thereof can be set in a simple, stable and in particular more precise manner. Setting using self-locking gear, drives protects heavy camera constructions from falling or being lowered. The precise adjustability is a decisive advantage in particular for exact orientation of view cameras and for precisely matching up the individual photographs in panoramic photography. 
     Geared tripod heads are available inter alia from the companies Manfrotto (400 series) and Arca Swiss (Cube C1). The Arca Swiss Cube C1 is apparent inter alia from EP 0 974 862 B1. 
     The previously available models are relatively large in construction and are also heavy. Furthermore, the holding force thereof relative to the size and weight is low in comparison with ballhead tripod heads. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The object of the present invention is to provide a tripod head which is compact and light and has a high holding force. 
     This object is achieved by the tripod head provided in accordance with the present invention. 
     Since the holder for an optical device for changing the orientation of the optical device, in particular for photographic, video or film cameras, having a first component having a first pivot axis for connecting to a tripod and a second component having a second pivot axis for connecting to the optical device, wherein the two pivot axes extend transversely, in particular at a right angle, with respect to each other and can each be adjusted in a mutually independent manner, wherein the first pivot axis is arranged in the first component and the second pivot axis is likewise arranged in the first component, it is possible to provide a particularly compact and low-weight holder. 
     The optical device is thus mounted on the second component, possibly using a known rotatable quick clamping unit, and the holder in its own right is connected to the tripod etc. via the first component. 
     In one embodiment, the first component is a cylindrical component, i.e., a substantially cylindrical part. 
     It is then expedient if the first pivot axis extends through the longitudinal centre axis of the cylindrical component. 
     If the first component can be connected to the tripod via a third component having a third pivot axis, a further degree of freedom of the adjustment is permitted. Preferably, this is a “panning base”, i.e., a lockable rotary plate which can be rotated through 360 degrees. 
     A particularly compact unit is produced when the second component is mounted to be pivotable about the second pivot axis in the first component. In addition, the first component can be mounted to be pivotable about the first pivot axis in the third component. 
     In a particular variation of the invention, the first and second components can be adjusted about the respective pivot axis in a mutually independent manner in each case via a drive. The holder is then a geared tripod head. For this, it is preferable if the drives are formed by worm gears which comprise a worm which acts upon a worm wheel which rotates about the respective pivot axis. The worm wheel (or toothed wheel) is in operative connection, or can be brought into operative connection, with the component (depending upon the state of the decoupling mechanism, see below). Therefore, a precise adjustment or orientation of the optical device with respect to the tripod can be achieved. Preferably, it is a self-locking worm gear. 
     In a particular embodiment the drive for the second pivot axis lies on the longitudinal centre axis of the cylindrical component. The drive for the second pivot axis may extend along the first pivot axis such that the holder can be designed in an even more compact manner and pleasing symmetry can be obtained. 
     In particular, the distance between the two pivot axes is particularly small. In addition to the particular compact design, this also brings about a reduction in the lever which means that the forces to be applied and compensated for are smaller and with this the deviation of the optical device during adjustment is also smaller and thus more precise. 
     In order to ensure that the worm gear does not have to be used for large adjustment paths, it is expedient if the holder allows a “free” adjustment in the manner of a three-way head. For this, it is preferable if the drives are provided in each case with a decoupling mechanism. In a particular embodiment, the decoupling mechanism includes a cone, connected to the component along the pivot axis, having a pin, wherein the worm wheel of the drive has a central opening which, on the side facing towards the cone, has an internally circumferential inclined surface corresponding to the cone and the pin engages through the worm wheel and engages into a control button on the side facing away from the cone, which button displaces the toothed wheel and the cone relative to one another to bring the worm wheel into or out of engagement with the cone. 
     This mechanism allows decoupling in any position or location without tedious screw actuations or clamping levers being required for this purpose. 
     In a particular embodiment, the pin in the case of the decoupling mechanism of the drive for the second component is a spindle. 
     In a further embodiment, the cone and the pin in the case of the decoupling mechanism of the drive for the first component are formed by the component itself. 
     It is expedient if the internally circumferential inclined surface of the toothed wheel and the cone are provided with mutually corresponding toothed arrangements so that during inter-engagement a rotationally-fixed connection is achieved in order to prevent “slippage”. 
     In a second variation of the invention, the components for fixing their location about the pivot axes are each provided with a locking mechanism which includes a cone, connected to the component along the pivot axis, having a pin and includes a friction wheel, wherein the friction wheel has a central opening which, on the side facing towards the cone, has an internally circumferential inclined surface corresponding to the cone and the pin engages through the friction wheel and engages into a control button on the side facing away from the cone, which button displaces the cone and the friction wheel relative to one another to bring the friction wheel into or out of engagement with the cone. 
     This variation is thus a “normal” tripod head without a drive. In contrast to the first variation, as it were the drive has thus been removed and the toothed wheel of the drive has been replaced with a friction wheel. The remaining components correspond to each other. 
     It is thus clear that the decoupling mechanisms and the locking mechanisms can correspond with each other with the exception of the toothed wheel/friction wheel. 
     The advantages already mentioned above are thus produced. 
     Further details, features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following description of an exemplified embodiment with the aid of the accompanying drawings. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a schematic, perspective view of a tripod head; 
         FIG. 2  is a side view of the tripod head of  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 3  is a front view of the tripod head of  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 4  is a cross-section through the tripod head along the line A-A of  FIG. 2 ; 
         FIG. 5  is a cross-section through the tripod head along the line B-B of  FIG. 3 ; and 
         FIG. 6  is a cross-section through the tripod head along the line C-C of  FIG. 3 . 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     The tripod head is designated as a whole with reference numeral  1  in the figures. It is used as a holder for a photographic camera and thus for the fixing thereof to a tripod. 
     For connecting to a tripod, the holder  1  includes a rotary plate  2  which can be connected to the tripod in a known manner via a screw thread. The 360 degree rotation can be fixed in any position via a locking lever  14 . 
     Fastened to the rotary plate  2  is a holding part  3  which forms a receptacle for a substantially cylindrical element  4  which is pivotable therein about a pivot axis  7 . The element  4  is thus connected to the tripod via the rotary plate  2  so as to be rotatable about a vertical axis  15  (corresponding to the sectional line B-B in  FIG. 3 ) and can itself be pivoted with respect to the holding part  3  about the pivot axis  7 . 
     The vertical axis of rotation  15  and the pivot axis  7  extend transversely, in particular at a right angle, with respect to each other and can be adjusted in a mutually independent manner. 
     A second element  5  is connected on the substantially cylindrical element  4  and can be pivoted about a further pivot axis  8  with respect to the substantially cylindrical element  4 . 
     The further pivot axis  8  and the pivot axis  7  extend transversely, in particular at a right angle, with respect to each other and the elements  4  and  5  can each be adjusted about the pivot axes  7 ,  8  in a mutually independent manner via a drive (see below). It is thus a geared tripod head. 
     Rotatably fastened to the second element  5  is a quick clamping device  6  for clamping a quick change plate (not shown) of the optical device in a guide  17 . The quick change plate and the guide  17  have complementarily formed guide surfaces. The guide comprises holding elements  18 ,  19  which can be adjusted relative to each other and a device  16  for fixing the quick change plate is provided and is formed to adjust the mutual spacing of the holding elements  18 ,  19 . 
     The optical device is thus connected to the second element  5  via the quick clamping device  6 . 
     The quick clamping device  8  can be rotated through  360  degrees with respect to the second element  5  and can be fixed in any position via a locking lever  20 . 
     The pivot axis  7  and also the second pivot axis  8  are arranged in the first element  4  (cf.  FIG. 4 ). Therefore, a particularly compact construction can be achieved by way of this nesting arrangement. 
     The pivot axis  7  extends through the longitudinal centre axis of the cylindrical element  4 . 
     The elements  4  and  5  are each adjusted via a rotary button  9  or  10  which each effect a rotation of a worm  21 ,  22 , on which a toothed wheel  23 ,  24  engaging therein runs or rotates. The drives  25 ,  26  are thus worm gears. 
     The respective worm  21 ,  22  thus acts on the respective worm wheel  23 ,  24  and therefore effects an adjustment of the respective element  4  or  5 , since the worm wheel  23 ,  24  rotates about the respective pivot axis  7  or  8  and is operative connection (or can be brought into operative connection, see below) with the respective element  4  or  5 . 
     The drive  26  of the second element  5  is almost completely received within the first element  4 , i.e., the worm  22  and also the worm wheel  24  are located virtually completely within the sleeve of the cylindrical element  4 . Only an insignificant, small part of the worm wheel  24  protrudes slightly. 
     The drive  26  for the second pivot axis  8  extends along the first pivot axis  7  and thus lies on the longitudinal centre axis of the cylindrical element  4 . 
     The holder and thus the optical device are precisely set and oriented by way of an adjustment using the drives  25 ,  26 . 
     In order for it to be possible to make a quick adjustment over larger paths, the drive function can be decoupled in each case so that a free adjustment is possible, like in the case of a ballhead. It is understood that this decoupling can then be reversed at any time at any position and the operative connection of the drives restored. 
     For this purpose, the drives  25 ,  26  are each provided with a decoupling mechanism  27 ,  28 . 
     Each decoupling mechanism  27 ,  28  includes a cone  29 ,  30 , connected to the element  4 ,  5  along the pivot axis  7 ,  8 , having a pin  31 ,  32 . 
     The respective toothed wheel  23 ,  24  of the drive  25 ,  26  comprises a central opening  33 ,  34  which, on the side facing towards the cone  29 ,  30 , has an internally circumferential inclined surface  35 ,  36  corresponding to the cone  29 ,  30 . 
     In the coupled state, the movement is hereby transmitted between the rotary button  9  or  11  via the worm  21 ,  22  to the toothed wheel  23 ,  24  and from there to the cone  29 ,  30 . 
     For an improved non-positive locking connection, the internally circumferential inclined surface  35 ,  36  of the toothed wheel  23 ,  24  and the cone  29 ,  30  comprise mutually corresponding toothed arrangements. 
     However, the toothed wheel  23 ,  24  and the cone  29 ,  30  can be brought out of engagement by the decoupling mechanism  27 ,  28  in order to allow the free movement. 
     For this purpose, the cone  29 ,  30  and the toothed wheel  23 ,  24  are displaced relative to each other along the pivot axis  7 ,  8 . 
     In order to effect this, the pin  31 ,  32  in each case engages through the toothed wheel  23 ,  24  and, on the side facing away from the cone  29 ,  30 , engages into a control button  10 ,  12 . 
     The cone and the pin in the case of the decoupling mechanism of the drive  25  for the first element are formed by the element  4  itself. 
     In order to bring the toothed wheel  23 ,  24  into or out of engagement with the cone  29 ,  30 , the toothed wheel  23 ,  24  is displaced relative to the cone  23 ,  24 . For this purpose, the control button  10 ,  12  is adjusted by rotating in its position for actuation on the pin  31 ,  32 , wherein the control button  10 ,  12  acts on the toothed wheel  23 ,  24  with its end surface. 
     A rotation of the control button  10 ,  12  effects a displacement of the toothed wheel  23 ,  24  along the respective axis  7  or  8 . 
     For this purpose, the control button  10  engages with a thread  37  on its inner surface into a thread  38  on the outer circumference of the pin  31 . A rotation of the control button  10  thus effects a displacement of its longitudinal position along the pin  31  which is thus a threaded spindle. The control button  10  and the toothed wheel  23  are connected to each other in a rotatable manner via a bearing  39 . Therefore, the toothed wheel  23  can rotate about the axis  7  when the drive  25  is actuated. 
     In a similar manner, the control button  12  engages with a thread  42  on its inner surface into a thread  41  on the outer circumference of the pin  32  which is thus a threaded spindle. A rotation of the control button  12  thus effects a displacement of its longitudinal position along the pin  32 . The control button  12  and the toothed wheel  24  are thus connected so as to be rotatable with respect to each other via a bearing  40 . Therefore, the toothed wheel  24  can rotate about the axis  8  when the drive  26  is actuated. 
     The first element  4  is supported in the holding part  3  via lateral protrusions  45  which comprise apertures  46 , disposed concentrically around the pivot axis  7 , for the engagement of the rotary button  11  or the control button  10 . The rotary button  11  or control button  10  then lie in the apertures  46 . The actual support of the first element  4  is thus effected on the one hand on bearings  13  disposed on the left and right of the worm  22  and thus via the connected rotary button  11 . On the other hand, the support is effected via a further bearing  43  which is disposed on the side of the control button  10  and via which the control button  10 , the bearing  39  and the toothed wheel  23  are supported together in the aperture  46 . 
     The second element  5  is supported in the first element  4  on the one hand via the spindle  32  in the control button  12  and on the other hand via a cylindrical protrusion  47  which rests in a corresponding bore  48  in the first element  4 . 
     If, instead of the toothed wheel  23 ,  24 , a similar friction wheel is used in each case and the drives  25 ,  26  are removed, then the “remodelling” produces a merely freely adjustable tripod head and not a geared tripod head. 
     It is thus clear that the decoupling mechanisms and the locking mechanisms can correspond with each other with the exception of the toothed wheel/friction wheel. 
     The friction wheel can be identical to the toothed wheel  23 ,  24  or can be designed in a simpler manner, i.e., without teeth, owing to the lack of a drive function. 
     LIST OF REFERENCE NUMERALS 
     
         
           1  Tripod head 
           2  Rotary plate 
           3  Holding part 
           4  Element 
           5  Element 
           6  Quick clamping device 
           7  Pivot axis 
           8  Pivot axis 
           9  Rotary button 
           10  Control button 
           11  Rotary button 
           12  Control button 
           13  Bearing 
           14  Locking lever 
           15  Vertical axis 
           16  Device 
           17  Guide 
           18  Holding element 
           19  Holding element 
           20  Locking lever 
           21  Worm 
           22  Worm 
           23  Toothed wheel 
           24  Toothed wheel 
           25  Drive 
           26  Drive 
           27  Decoupling mechanism 
           28  Decoupling mechanism 
           29  Cone 
           30  Cone 
           31  Pin 
           32  Pin 
           33  Central opening 
           34  Central opening 
           35  Inclined surface 
           36  Inclined surface 
           37  Thread 
           38  Thread 
           39  Bearing 
           40  Bearing 
           41  Thread 
           42  Thread 
           43  Bearing 
           45  Protrusions 
           46  Apertures 
           47  Protrusion 
           48  Bore