Abstract:
A method of processing waste solutions containing metal salts or complex involves applying ultra-sonic vibrations to a container in which the solution is placed and treating the solution or the generated misting therefrom to insure that the metallic ions remain behind and then finally exhausting the vapor through an activated charcoal filter to remove any organic contaminants and insure that the discharge is environmentally safe.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to a method of processing a solution which includes a metal or a metal salt. 
     Sonic devices for imersion in materials in the liquid phase are known and have taken the form of batch processors or continuous processors. As understood to those skilled in the art, sonic generally refers to frequencies below 20 kHz and ultrasonic to those above this frequency. Plating solutions and solutions from photographic processing are usually processed using ion-exchange resin or a calcium salt or some other precipitant or flocculant. These systems are not entirely satisfactory as the sludge contains many added chemical agents that cause secondary polution. 
     Distillation by the use of ultra-sonics is known as for example in U.S. Pat. No. 3,367,848, but there has never been disclosed, a system for the removal of water in plating or photographic solutions and leaving behind a material that can be reprocessed to recover noble or other metals. Material treatment of a flow-thru type is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,556,467 where ultra-sonics are used. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     According to the present invention, a method of processing waste water that includes dissolved metal, comprises the steps of placing the waste water in a container and applying ultra-sonic vibration to the fluid in the container. 
     In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, ultra-sonic vibration is applied to the waste water which includes such metals as copper, zinc, lead, cadmium, silver and gold, and then misting the water in the solution by the use of ultra-sonic vibration that evaporates when it contacts the atmosphere. The water vapor is passed through an activated charcoal filter to remove any organic contaminants and then may be exhausted to the atmosphere without any difficulty. 
     Accordingly, the principal object of the present invention is to provide a simple processing method for treating waste waters from photographic laboratories and small plating operations which will yield a concentrate that can be further refined. 
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     The method is preferably utilized in processing a waste water solution such as a chemical plating solution or a photographic solution. The plating solution generally contains metallic salts such as a metal salt of copper, nickel, zinc, lead, cadmium, silver, gold, and the like. In plating the salt has been formed in the solution and is reduced when the same is brought into contact with the surface of a material to be plated as a function of the reducing agent, so that the heavy metal is deposited on the surface of the material. In the waste solution of a plating bath, there will be found a heavy metal complex salt, a reducing agent and a pH adjusting agent. A photo lab waste solution contains at least cyanide, chromate and silver ions along with thiosulfate, sulfites, sulfates, bromides, carbonates, nitrates and other agents. According to the invention, ultra-sonic vibrations are applied to the waste solution and the aqueous portion is misted and when the mist contacts the atmosphere, evaporation occurs, leaving behind metal and a metal complex salt. The sludge can now be sent to a refining plant and the metal material recovered. 
     In experiments that have been carried out, it is found that when an ultrasonic vibration of approximately 1700 mHz is applied to a photographic waste solution having a pH of 8.5-9.0 containing 185 mg/l of Ag, the solution mists at 102 ml/hr. When the solution was treated with H 2  O 2  to insure a precipitate, the misting rate increased to 310 ml/hr. 
     As a base from which to compare the experimental results, tap water was placed in the container and ultra-sonic energy at 1700 mHz was applied. The misting rate was 493 ml/hr. 
    
    
     EXAMPLE I 
     
         ______________________________________            Untreated                     H.sub.2 O.sub.2 AddedMaterial           Misting Rates______________________________________Example IPhoto Fixer, developer              72-82 ml/hr                         305 ml/hrand waste water mixture,Ag concentration 1700 mg/lExample IIColor printer waste having              151 ml/hr  310 ml/hrfixer, developer, bleachand wash water1600 mg/l of AgExample IIIBleach fix solution, after              102 ml/hr  310 ml/hrelectroplating 185 mg/l AgExample IVNickel plating bath              200 ml/hr  Note 14000 mg/l NiExample VBleach Fix-stabilizer,               85 ml/hr  300 ml/hrbleach and developer fromwashless color processorAg 3500 mg/l; Fe 6900 mg/l______________________________________ (Note 1  Adjusted for pH) 
    
     It was noted that in all of the treated solutions, those where Hydrogen Peroxide was added, there was a granular precipitant of AgS, AgO. When the resultant water vapor was condensed to a clear liquor the Ag and Fe levels were generally between 0.05 mg/l and 3.0 mg/l. 
     During the untreated tests, the mist vapor carried along some of the heavy metals. It was therefore necessary from an environmental standpoint to treat the solutions with hydrogen peroxide to form a precipitate. This insured that the heavy metals did not carry along with the water vapor, and a beneficial result, namely the increase in the misting rate was greatly increased, thus promoting quick processing of the waste materials. 
     Additional tests employing plating solutions containing materials such as CuSO 4 , NiSO 4 , CuCl 2 , and the like can be precipitated by adjusting the pH until the heavy metals are no longer soluble and precipitate in the form of metal hydroxides. 
     As an alternate to the procedure for adjusting the solution as described above, it has been found that to prevent the metal ions from being a part of the misting output, that the mist can be heated and when this is done the metal ions return to the solution and the metal concentration in the water vapor will be below 0.05 mg/l. This procedure tends to be slower than adjusting the solution but does present a viable alternative method for processing waste water solutions. 
     As a further alternate to the procedure for adjusting the solution, it has been found that to prevent the metal ions from being part of the misting output, that the solution may be filtered through an anionic resin (Rohm &amp; Haas IRA 400) or a cationic exchange resin (Rohm &amp; Haas IR 120) to absorb the heavy metals and the ionic complexes. The resulting solution may then be evaporated by applying ultra-sonic vibrations to the container as described above. When this is done there is no need to heat the vapor as the metals in the resin can be refined out and the vapor discharged is environmentally safe.