Abstract:
A hydraulic fluid composition comprising polyoxyalkylene glycol monoalkyl ether, polyoxyalkylene glycol dialkyl ether, borate ester of polyoxyalkylene glycol monoalkyl ether, and high molecular weight polyoxyalkylene compound, has improved viscosity characteristics, is water-insensitive and is suitable as a central system hydraulic fluid and brake fluid.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     (1) Field of the Invention: 
     The present invention relates to a hydraulic fluid composition, and more particularly to a hydraulic fluid composition for automobile. 
     (2) Description of the Prior Art: 
     Central hydraulic system for automobile has been developed in order to satisfy the requirements demanded to the safe and high speed running of automobile. As the specifications for hydraulic fluids used in the central hydraulic system, SAE 71R1 (for mineral oil base hydraulic fluid) and SAE 71R2 (for synthetic oil base hydraulic fluid) are enacted in U.S.A. 
     In this central hydraulic system, one hydraulic fluid is used as a multipurpose hydraulic fluid for brake, power steering, automatic transmission, shock absorber, windshield wiper, seat actuator, window actuator and the like. Therefore, it is necessary that this hydraulic fluid satisfys various demands. 
     The synthetic base fluid for central system hydraulic fluid is demanded to have the following properties. That is, the fluid (a) has a high viscosity index, (b) is fluidable at low temperature, (c) has a high boiling point and a high flash point, (d) is excellent in the shear stability, (e) does not swell sealing material (rubber), (f) is excellent in the lubricating property, and (e) is stable against oxidation. 
     The hydraulic fluid composition of the present invention satisfys all the SEA 71R2 specifications as a central system hydraulic fluid, and further can be used as a hydraulic fluid for each of the above described purposes. Particularly, the hydraulic fluid composition of the present invention satisfys all the DOT-4 specifications as a brake fluid. 
     Polyoxyalkylene series hydraulic fluids for automobile are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,957,667 and Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 12,340/77. However, the hydraulic fluid composition disclosed in the U.S. patent is insufficient in the wet equilibrium reflux boiling point, and that disclosed in the Japanese patent application publication is insufficient in the viscosity characteristics, and therefore both the hydraulic fluid compositions cannot satisfy both the SAE 71R2 and the DOT-4 specifications. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The inventors have made various investigations and found out a hydraulic fluid composition having a more improved wet equilibrium reflux boiling point and further having more excellent viscosity characteristics and other improved properties by combining the following four components. 
     The feature of the present invention is the provision of a hydraulic fluid composition consisting mainly of (A) 20-60% by weight of polyoxyalkylene glycol monoalkyl ether having the following general formula (1), (B) 1-25% by weight of polyoxyalkylene glycol dialkyl ether having the following general formula (2), (C) 15-50% by weight of borate ester of polyoxyalkylene glycol monoalkyl ether having the following general formula (3), 
     
         R.sup.1 O(C.sub.m H.sub.2m O).sub.n H                      (1) 
    
     
         R.sup.1 O(C.sub.m H.sub.2m O).sub.n R.sup.2                ( 2) 
    
     
         [R.sup.1 O(C.sub.m H.sub.2m O).sub.n ].sub.3 B             (3) 
    
     wherein R 1  and R 2  represent alkyl groups having 1-3 carbon atoms, C m  H 2m  O represents an oxyalkylene group, m represents a positive integer of 2-4, and n represents a positive integer of 2-6, and the oxyethylene group content in the total oxyalkylene group of the compounds (1), (2) and (3) is 40-90% by weight; and (D) 1-25% by weight of a high molecular weight polyoxyalkylene compound having a kinematic viscosity of at least 8 cst at 100° C. and containing at least 90% by weight of polyoxyalkylene group in the molecule and 15-80% by weight of oxyethylene group based on the total oxyalkylene group in the molecule. 
     In the specification, the polyoxyalkylene glycol monoalkyl ether having the general formula (1) is referred to as monoether, the polyoxyalkylene glycol dialkyl ether having the general formula (2) is referred to as diether, and the borate ester of polyoxyalkylene glycol monoalkyl ether having the general formula (3) is referred to as borate ester. 
     When the above described high molecular weight polyoxyalkylene compound contains 40-70% by weight of oxyethylene group based on the total oxyalkylene group in the molecule, the resulting hydraulic fluid composition has an improved performance. Further, the solidifying point of the high molecular weight polyoxyalkylene compound is preferred to be not higher than 0° C., and the kinematic viscosity thereof is preferred to be 50-50,000 cst at 100° C. 
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     The limitation in the compounds having the above described formulae (1), (2) and (3) is based on the following reason. 
     When R 1  and R 2  are alkyl groups having 4 or more carbon atoms, the resulting hydraulic fluid causes swelling of rubber, and is not favorable. 
     When less than 2 moles of alkylene oxide is added to the alcohol, the resulting hydraulic fluid has excessively low boiling point and flash point, while when more than 6 moles of alkylene oxide is added to the alcohol, the resulting hydraulic fluid is poor in the low temperature viscosity characteristics and fluidity. When the oxyethylene group content in the total oxyalkylene group is less than 40% by weight, the resulting hydraulic fluid causes swelling of rubber, and further has a low wet equilibrium reflux boiling point (hereinafter, abbreviated as WER), while when the oxyethylene group content is more than 90% by weight, the resulting hydraulic fluid is apt to be solidified at low temperature and is poor in the fluidity at low temperature. 
     When the content of the monoether of the formula (1) in a hydraulic fluid is less than 20% by weight, the fluid causes swelling of rubber and is low in the WER. While, when the monoether content is more than 60% by weight, the hydraulic fluid is poor in the low temperature viscosity characteristics. 
     When the content of the diether of formula (2) in a hydraulic fluid is less than 1% by weight, the hydraulic fluid is poor in the low temperature viscosity characteristics, while when the diether content exceeds 25% by weight, the hydraulic fluid causes swelling of rubber. 
     When the content of the borate ester of the formula (3) in a hydraulic fluid is less than 15% by weight, the hydraulic fluid is low in the dry equilibrium reflux boiling point (hereinafter, abbreviated as DER) and in the WER. While, when the borate ester content exceeds 50% by weight, the hydraulic fluid is poor in the low temperature viscosity characteristics and has unfavorably a high pour point. 
     In order to improve the viscosity index of the resulting hydraulic fluid, it is necessary that the high molecular weight polyoxyalkylene compound has a kinematic viscosity of at least 8 cst, preferably 50-50,000 cst, at 100° C. When the kinematic viscosity exceeds 50,000 cst, the resulting hydraulic fluid is poor in the low temperature fluidity and shear stability. In order that the hydraulic fluid composition aimed in the present invention has a kinematic viscosity within the defined range, it is necessary that the high molecular weight polyoxyalkylene compound contains at least 90% by weight of polyoxyalkylene group and further contains 15-80% by weight of oxyethylene group based on the total oxyalkylene group. When the oxyethylene group content in the total polyoxyalkylene group is less than 15% by weight or more than 80% by weight, the resulting hydraulic fluid is poor in the low temperature viscosity characteristics. 
     The use of less than 1% by weight of the high molecular weight polyoxyalkylene compound cannot sufficiently improve the viscosity index or decrease the rubber swelling of the resulting hydraulic fluid. While, the use of more than 25% by weight of the high molecular weight polyoxyalkylene compound results a hydraulic fluid having a poor low temperature viscosity characteristics and a high pour point. Further, when a hydraulic fluid contains the defined amount of the high molecular weight polyoxyalkylene compound, the corrosion and abrasion of metal are suppressed, and the volatilization of the fluid is very small at the heating. 
     The hydraulic fluid composition of the present invention can be obtained by a method, wherein a monoether of the formula (1), a diether of the formula (2), a borate ester of the formula (3) and a high molecular weight polyoxyalkylene compound are synthesized separately, and the resulting four compounds are mixed in a given mixing ratio. Alternatively, the hydraulic fluid composition can be advantageously obtained by the following method. 
     That is, a monoether is prepared by a random or block addition polymerization of ethylene oxide (hereinafter, abbreviated as EO), propylene oxide (PO) or butylene oxide (BO) to methanol, ethanol, n-propanol or isopropanol at a temperature of 60°-160° C. in the presence of an alkali metal compound as a catalyst. Then, the resulting monoether is reacted with 0.01-0.33 equivalent amount of an alkali metal or alkali metal compound, such as metallic sodium, sodium methylate, sodium hydroxide or the like, at 40°-200° C. for about 2 hours, if necessary under a vacuum degree of not higher than 30 mmHg to convert partly the monoether into alkali metal salt, and the resulting alkali metal salt is reacted with methyl chloride, ethyl chloride or propyl chloride at 40°-180° C., after which the resulting alkali metal chloride as a by-product is removed from the reaction product to obtain a mixture composed of 1-33% by weight of a diether and 67-99% by weight of the monoether. Then, the resulting mixture is reacted with 0.050-0.223 equivalent amount of boric acids, for example, boric acid anhydride, orthoboric acid, metaboric acid, pyroboric acid or the like, at 50°-200° C. for 2-15 hours under a reduced pressure of 10-80 mmHg to obtain a three-component mixture composed of 15-66.7% by weight of a borate ester, 20-80% by weight of the monoether and 1-33.3% by weight of the diether. 
     When 75-99% by weight of the resulting three-component mixture of monoether, diether and borate ester is mixed with 1-25% by weight of a high molecular weight polyoxyalkylene compound so that the resulting mixture contains 20-60% by weight of the monoether, 1-25% by weight of the diether, 15-50% by weight of the borate ester and 1-25% by weight of the high molecular weight polyoxyalkylene compound, the hydraulic fluid composition aimed in the present invention can be obtained. 
     The high molecular weight polyoxyalkylene compound can be obtained by an addition polymerization of a mixture of EO and other alkylene oxide, such as PO, BO or the like, to a compound having active hydrogen, for example, aliphatic alcohol or amine, at 80°-150° C. in the presence of an alkali metal compound. As the active hydrogen-containing compound, there can be used monohydric alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol and the like; and polyhydric alcohols, such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, glycerine, trimethylolpropane and the like. Among them, lower monohydric alcohols are preferably used. The high molecular weight polyoxyalkylene compound obtained by the addition polymerization of a mixture of EO and other alkylene oxide, such as PO, BO or the like, to the active hydrogen-containing compound can be used as such. Further, as the high molecular weight polyoxyalkylene compound, there may be used modified polyoxyalkylene compound, which is obtained by alkyl-etherifying or esterifying the terminal hydroxyl group of the high molecular weight polyoxyalkylene compound, or obtained by reacting methylene dihalogenide or formaldehyde with the terminal OH group of the high molecular weight polyoxyalkylene compound according to the method described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,813,129 and 2,976,923. 
     The hydraulic fluid composition of the present invention can be used in combination with antifoaming agent, antioxidant, abrasion-preventing agent, anti-corrosive agent or oiliness-improving agent. 
    
    
     The following examples are given for the purpose of illustration of this invention and are not intended as limitations thereof. In the examples &#34;%&#34; means by weight unless otherwise indicated. 
     EXAMPLE 1 
     Production of monoether, diether and borate ester 
     Into an airtight reaction vessel were charged 3.2 kg (100 moles) of methanol and 0.2 kg of potassium hydroxide, and an addition polymerization of a mixture composed of 9.8 kg (222 moles) of EO and 4.2 kg (72 moles) of PO (weight ratio of EO/PO is 70/30) to the methanol was effected at 80°-120° C. under a pressure of 0.5-5.0 kg/cm 2  in nitrogen gas atmosphere to obtain 17 kg of crude polyoxyethylene-propylene glycol monomethyl ether. 
     Then, 170 g of the resulting crude polyoxyethylenepropylene glycol monomethyl ether was added with 1.0 g of active clay, dehydrated at 60°-90° C. for 1 hour under a vacuum degree of not higher than 50 mmHg in nitrogen gas atmosphere, and then dried to obtain 165 g of purified polyoxyethylenepropylene glycol monomethyl ether (monoether No. 1). Which had a hydroxyl value of 324 and an average molecular weight of 173. 
     To 15.6 kg (90 moles) of the above obtained crude polyoxyethylene-propylene glycol monomethyl ether was added 0.63 kg (11.7 moles) of sodium methylate, and the resulting mixture was heated at 70°-120° C. for 1 hour under a reduced pressure of 50 mmHg in nitrogen gas atmosphere to convert the terminal hydroxyl group into sodium salt by the conversion of the methylate into methanol. Then, methyl chloride gas was introduced into the reaction system at this temperature to effect a methyl-etherification reaction until the alkali value of the reaction product was not higher than 1.0, and then the reaction product was filtered to obtain 15.0 kg of a mixture (mixed ether No. 11) of monomethyl ether and dimethyl ether of polyoxyethylene-propylene glycol, which had a hydroxyl value of 273, a dimethyl ether content of 15% and an average molecular weight of 175. 
     Further, 14 kg (80 moles) of the above obtained mixed ether No. 11 was reacted with 0.234 kg (3.36 moles) of boric acid anhydride at 70°-100° C. for 4 hours under a reduced pressure of 15-50 mmHg in nitrogen gas atmosphere to obtain 13 kg of a three-component mixture (three-component mixture No. 111) composed of polyoxyethylene-propylene glycol monomethyl ether and dimethyl ether, and borate ester of polyoxyethylene-propylene glycol monomethyl ester. The yield of the resulting three-component mixture No. 111 was 93% based on the amount of mixed ether No. 11. The three-component mixture No. 111 contained 58% of monoether, 15% of diether and 27% of borate ester. 
     In the same manner as described above, monoethers, mixed ethers and three-component mixtures shown in the following Table 1 were produced. 
     
                                           TABLE 1(a)__________________________________________________________________________   Three-Mono-    Mixed   component               Content (%)ether    ether   mixture                 Mono-                               Di-                                  BorateNo. No. No.   R.sup.1              R.sup.2                  n  EO:PO:BO                           ether                               ether                                  ester__________________________________________________________________________1             methyl              --  2.94                     70:30:0                           100 0  0    11        &#34;    methyl                  &#34;  &#34;     85  15 0   111   &#34;    &#34;   &#34;  &#34;     58  15 27   112   &#34;    &#34;   &#34;  &#34;     33  15 52   113   &#34;    &#34;   &#34;  &#34;     24  15 61    12        &#34;    ethyl                  &#34;  &#34;     92  8  0   121   &#34;    &#34;   &#34;  &#34;     79  8  13   122   &#34;    &#34;   &#34;  &#34;     67  8  252             isopropyl              --  3.15                     75:15:10                           100 0  0    21        &#34;    methyl                  &#34;  &#34;     79  21 0   211   &#34;    &#34;   &#34;  &#34;     36  21 43   212   &#34;    &#34;   &#34;  &#34;     20  21 59    22        &#34;    &#34;   &#34;  &#34;     65  35 0   221   &#34;    &#34;   &#34;  &#34;     23  35 42    23        &#34;    &#34;   &#34;  &#34;     75  25 0   231   &#34;    &#34;   &#34;  &#34;     33  25 423             methyl              --  3.41                     66:34:10                           100 0  0   301   &#34;    --  &#34;  &#34;     54  0  46    31        &#34;    methyl                  &#34;  &#34;     90  10 0   311   &#34;    &#34;   &#34;  &#34;     43  10 47__________________________________________________________________________ 
    
     
                                           TABLE 1(b)__________________________________________________________________________   Three-Mono-    Mixed   component              Content (%)ether    ether   mixture                Mono-                              Di-                                 BorateNo. No. No.   R.sup.1             R.sup.2                 n  EO:PO:BO                          ether                              ether                                 ester__________________________________________________________________________4             methyl             --  2.87                    65:35:0                          100 0  0   401   &#34;   --  &#34;  &#34;     65  0  35   402   &#34;   --  &#34;  &#34;     39  0  61    41        &#34;   methyl                 &#34;  &#34;     90  10 0   411   &#34;   &#34;   &#34;  &#34;     66  10 24   412   &#34;   &#34;   &#34;  &#34;     54  10 36    42        &#34;   &#34;   &#34;  &#34;     77  23 0   421   &#34;   &#34;   &#34;  &#34;     63  23 14   422   &#34;   &#34;   &#34;  &#34;     54  23 23    43        &#34;   &#34;   &#34;  &#34;     72  28 0   431   &#34;   &#34;   &#34;  &#34;     48  28 24*5            methyl             --  3.04                    35:65:0                          100 0  0    *51       &#34;   methyl                 &#34;  &#34;     83  17 0   *511  &#34;   &#34;   &#34;  &#34;     38  17 45__________________________________________________________________________ (Note) *Content of oxyethylene group in the total oxyalkylene group is outside the range of the present invention. 
    
     EXAMPLE 2 
     Production of a high molecular weight polyoxyalkylene compound. 
     Into an autoclave were charged 80 g of n-butanol and 11 g of potassium hydroxide, and an addition polymerization of a mixture of 5.2 kg of EO and 5.2 kg of PO (weight ratio of EO/PO is 50:50) to the n-butanol was effected at 80°-120° C. for 10 hours under a pressure of 0.5-5.0 kg/cm 2  in a nitrogen gas atmosphere. The reaction product was neutralized with hydrochloride acid, added with 10 kg of toluene and washed with 20 kg of warm water at 60°-90° C. Then, the toluene was removed from the above treated reaction product, and the reaction product was filtered to obtain 10.2 kg of polyoxyethylene-propylene glycol monobutyl ether (PAG 1), which had a hydroxyl value of 14.1, an average molecular weight of 3,980 and a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of 169 cst. 
     In the same reaction as described above, high molecular weight polyoxyalkylene compounds (PAGs 1-6) shown in the following Table 2 were produced. In Table 2, PAG 2 was produced by butyl-etherified the terminal hydroxyl group with the use of n-butyl chloride, and PAG 4 was produced by dimerizing PAG 1 with the use of methylene chloride. 
     Further, comparative compounds, which have a similar structure to that of the high molecular weight polyoxyalkylene compound of the present invention and are used in the comparative examples, are also shown in Table 2. 
     
                                           TABLE 2__________________________________________________________________________                Weight ratio       Kinematic                of added     Average                                   viscosityHigh molecular weight                alkylene oxides                        Hydroxyl                             molecular                                   at 100° C.                                         Pour pointpolyoxyalkylene compound                EO:PO:BO                        value                             weight                                   (cst) (°C.)__________________________________________________________________________PAG 1  Polyoxyethylene-propylene                50:50:0 14.1 3,980 169   -33  glycol mono-n-butyl etherPAG 2  Polyoxyethylene-propylene                &#34;       7.7  7,290 2,060 -29  glycol mono-n-butyl etherPAG 3  Polyoxyethylene-propylene                &#34;       1.1  about 161   -32  glycol di-n-butyl ether    4,040PAG 4  Dimer of PAG 1 through                &#34;       1.5  about 393   -30  an oxymethylene group      6,500PAG 5  Polyoxyethylene-propylene                65:35:0 23.3 4,810 172   -15  glycolPAG 6  Polyoxyethylene-propylene                70:20:10                        10.5 16,000                                   2,070 -9  glycol glycerine etherComparative  Polyethylene glycol                100:0:0 13.5 8,340 811   57.3 (1)compound 1  PEG #6000Comparative  Polyethylene glycol                100:0:0 5.75 19,500                                   12,300                                         58.4 (1)compound 2  PEG #20000Comparative  Polypropylene glycol                0:100:0 37.8 2,970 47.5  -29compound 3  PPG #3000__________________________________________________________________________ Note: (1) Solidifying point 
    
     EXAMPLE 3 
     SAE 71R2 specifications for hydraulic fluid and DOT-4 specifications for brake fluid are shown in the following Table 3. The composition of hydraulic fluids prepared from the compound or mixture listed in Table 1 and the high molecular weight polyoxyalkylene compound listed in Table 2 is shown in the following Table 4, and the properties of the fluids are shown in the following Table 5. 
     
                       TABLE 3______________________________________Specifications for hydraulic fluid and brake fluid                              Values                              satisfying                              both                              SAE 71R2                              and DOT-4                              specifi-  Test         SAE 71R2   DOT-4    cations______________________________________Kinematic viscosityat 100° C. (cst)          (2) (4.5 min.)                     1.5 min. 4.5 min.at -40° C. (cst)          1,800 max. 1,800    1,800 max.                     max.Kinematic viscosity (aftershear test) (1)          4.5 min.   --       4.5 min.at 98.9° C. (cst)Boiling pointDry equilibrium reflux          204.4 min. 230 min. 230 min.boiling point (DER) (°C.)Wet equilibrium reflux          --         155 min. 155 min.boiling point (WER) (°C.)Pour point (° C.)          -56.7 max. -50      -56.7 max.                     max.Flash point (°C.)          96.1 min.  100 min. 100 min.Rubber swelling (mm)          0.1-1.4    0.15-1.4 0.15-1.4SBR, 120° C. × 70 hrs.______________________________________ Note (1) An ultrasonic shearing apparatus is used. test temperature: 37.8° C., irradiation time: 30 minutes. (2) Kinematic viscosity at 100° C. is not specified, but kinematic viscosity at 100° C. must be at least 4.5 cst before shear test in order to meet the kinematic viscosity of at least 4.5 cst after shear test. 
    
     
                                           TABLE 4__________________________________________________________________________Composition of hydraulic fluid                        High molecular weightThree components             polyoxyalkyleneComponent Mixing         Content (%)    compoundSample    in    ratio          Borate                        PAG in MixingNo. Table 1     (%) Monoether               Diether                    ester                        Table 2                               ratio (%)__________________________________________________________________________1   11    91.5         77.8  13.7 0   PAG 2  8.52   111   100.0         58.0  15.0 27.0                        --     03   111   93.9         54.5  14.1 25.3                        PAG 2  6.14   111   74.0         42.9  11.1 20.0                        PAG 1  26.05   112   95.6         31.6  14.4 49.6                        PAG 2  4.46   113   96.6         23.2  14.5 58.9                        &#34;      3.47   112   94.4         31.1  14.2 49.1                        Comparative                               5.6                        compound 18   121   93.0         73.5  7.4  12.1                        PAG 6  7.09   122   87.5         58.6  7.0  21.9                        PAG 1  12.510  21    81.8         64.6  17.2 0   PAG 5  18.211  211   90.5         32.6  19.0 38.9                        &#34;      9.512  212   91.9         18.4  19.3 54.2                        &#34;      8.113  211   96.7         34.8  20.3 41.6                        Comparative                               3.3                        compound 214  22    81.5         53.0  28.5 0   PAG 5  18.515  221   89.8         20.6  31.4 37.8                        &#34;      10.216  231   90.1         29.7  22.5 37.9                        &#34;      9.917  301   93.7         50.7  0    43.0                        PAG 4  6.318  31    82.9         74.6  8.3  0   PAG 3  17.119  311   89.9         38.7  9.0  42.2                        &#34;      10.120  311   93.1         40.0  9.3  43.8                        PAG 4  6.921  311   80.2         34.5  8.0  37.7                        Comparative                               19.8                        compound 322  401   96.9         63.0  0    33.9                        PAG 2  3.123  402   89.7         35.0  0    54.7                        PAG 1  10.324  411   94.2         62.2  9.4  22.6                        PAG 2  5.825  412   95.1         51.4  9.5  34.2                        &#34;      4.926  421   93.8         59.1  21.6 13.1                        &#34;      6.227  422   93.3         50.4  21.5 21.4                        &#34;      6.728  431   92.7         44.5  26.0 22.2                        &#34;      7.329  511   92.8         35.2  15.8 41.8                        PAG 4  7.2__________________________________________________________________________ 
    
     
                                           TABLE 5(a)__________________________________________________________________________Properties of hydraulic fluidKinematic viscosity(cst)                             Rubber        After shear              Boiling point                      Pour                         Flash                             swelling (mm)Sample       test, (°C.)                      point                         point                             SBRNo. 100° C.   -40° C.        98.9° C.              DER WER (°C.)                         (°C.)                             120° C. × 70                                      Remarks__________________________________________________________________________1   4.56   1,480        4.55  235 *137                      -65                         107 1.02     Comparative                                      fluid2   *1.97     912        1.95  238 159 -65                         113 1.18     Comparative                                      fluid3   4.54   1,540        4.54  241 157 -65                         115 0.77     Fluid of                                      the present                                      invention4   10.75   *7,950        10.58 252 155 -63                         118 0.61     Comparative                                      fluid5   4.57   1,650        4.56  257 174 -63                         119 0.85     Fluid of                                      the present                                      invention6   4.53   *1,910        4.53  277 178 -62                         123 0.94     Comparative                                      fluid7   4.54   *solidify        4.53  259 176 *-32                         118 0.80     Comparative                                      fluid__________________________________________________________________________ 
    
     
                                           TABLE 5(b)__________________________________________________________________________Properties of hydraulic fluidKinematic viscosity(cst)                             Rubber        After shear              Boiling point                      Pour                         Flash                             swelling (mm)Sample       test, (°C.)                      point                         point                             SBR,No. 100° C.   -40° C.        98.9° C.              DER WER (°C.)                         (°C.)                             120° C. × 70                                      Remarks__________________________________________________________________________8   4.53   *1,820        4.51  239 *147                      -65                         109 1.13     Comparative                                      fluid9   4.53   1,720        4.52  244 160 -65                         118 0.96     Fluid of                                      the present                                      invention10  4.55   1,450        4.55  236 *139                      -65                         106 1.25     Comparative                                      fluid11  4.56   1,610        4.55  262 171 -65                         121 1.09     Fluid of                                      the present                                      invention12  4.54   *1,950        4.53  279 180 -60                         125 1.08     Comparative                                      fluid13  4.53   *solidify        4.53  261 172 *-38                         119 1.08     Comparative                                      fluid__________________________________________________________________________ 
    
     
                                           TABLE 5(c)__________________________________________________________________________Properties of hydraulic fluidKinematic viscosity(cst)                             Rubber        After shear              Boiling point                      Pour                         Flash                             swelling (mm)Sample       test, (°C.)                      point                         point                             SBR,No. 100°C.   -40° C.        98.9° C.              DER WER (°C.)                         (°C.)                             120° C. × 70                                      Remarks__________________________________________________________________________14  4.54   1,520        4.54  235 *135                      -65                         108 1.22     Comparative                                      fluid15  4.53   1,640        4.52  256 168 -62                         122 *1.61    Comparative                                      fluid16  4.54   1,710        4.53  254 170 -65                         121 1.20     Fluid of                                      the present                                      invention17  4.53   *2,140        4.53  261 170 -65                         124 0.94     Comparative                                      fluid18  4.52   1,510        4.51  241 *139                      -65                         106 1.06     Comparative                                      fluid19  4.53   1,640        4.53  262 169 -65                         121 0.92     Fluid of                                      the present                                      invention20  4.55   1,590        4.54  261 170 -65                         120 0.95     Fluid of                                      the present                                      invention21  4.56   *2,570        4.56  261 162 *-54                         122 1.02     Comparative                                      fluid__________________________________________________________________________ Note: *This value does not pass the specifications. 
    
     
                                           TABLE 5(d)__________________________________________________________________________Properties of hydraulic fluidKinematic viscosity(cst)                             Rubber        After shear              Boiling point                      Pour                         Flash                             swelling (mm)Sample       test, (°C.)                      point                         point                             SBR,No. 100° C.   -40° C.        98.9° C.              DER WER (°C.)                         (°C.)                             120° C. × 70                                      Remarks__________________________________________________________________________22  4.54   *1,990        4.53  261 165 -65                         121 0.95     Comparative                                      fluid23  4.56   *2,210        4.55  273 173 -65                         126 0.87     Comparative                                      fluid24  4.55   1,870        4.55  240 157 -65                         115 0.79     Comparative                                      fluid25  4.57   1,710        4.55  258 166 -65                         119 0.98     Fluid of                                      the present                                      invention26  4.54   1,480        4.54  238 *149                      -65                         114 1.24     Comparative                                      fluid27  4.55   1,560        4.54  246 158 -65                         117 1.19     Fluid of                                      the present                                      invention28  4.56   1,510        4.54  243 *153                      -63                         118 *1.47    Comparative                                      fluid29  4.54   *1,930        4.53  261 159 -62                         125 *1.52    Comparative                                      fluid__________________________________________________________________________ Note: *This value does not pass the specifications. 
    
     It can be seen from the above Tables that the hydraulic fluid of the present invention satisfys all the specifications described in Table 3. 
     EXAMPLE 4 
     The hydraulic fluid of sample No. 5 or No. 20 produced in Example 3 was used as a base fluid, and mixed with various additives according to the formulation shown in the following Table 6 to prepare a hydraulic fluid (sample No. 5-1) and brake fluid (sample No. 20-1), and the performance of the resulting fluids as a central system hydraulic fluid or brake fluid was measured. The following Table 7 shows the SAE 71R2 and DOT-4 specifications and the performance of the fluids. It can be seen from Table 7 that the hydraulic fluid composition of the present invention satisfys all the SAE 71R2 and DOT-4 specifications. 
     
                       TABLE 6______________________________________Compounding ratio (Parts by weight)Sample No.              5-1      20-1______________________________________        No. 5          100      --Base fluid   No. 20         --       100            (1) Sumilizer MDP                           0.50   --  Antioxidant            Phenyl-α-            naphthylamine  --     0.50  Extreme-  Tricresyl      0.30   --  pressure  phosphate  agentAdditive         Oleic acid     --     0.50            dicyclohexylamide  Anti-     Diethanolamine 1.00   1.00  corrosive  agent     Benzotriazole  0.05   0.05  Anti-     (2) Shin-Etsu  foaming   Silicone KS66   0.001  0.001  agent______________________________________ Note: (1) 2,2&#39;-methylenebis(6-t-butyl-4-methylphenol) made by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. (2) Silicone made by ShinEtsu Chemical Co., Ltd. 
    
     
                                           TABLE 7(a)__________________________________________________________________________Performance of the hydraulic fluid of the present invention           Central system           hydraulic fluid                      Brake fluid           SAE 71R2                  Sample                      DOT-4  Sample                                 Sample   Test         specification                  No. 5-1                      specification                             No. 5-1                                 No. 20-1__________________________________________________________________________Kinematic viscosity (cst) at 100° C.           --     4.56                       1.5 min.                              4.56                                  4.57 at -40° C.           1,800 max.                    1,670                      1,800 max.                               1,670                                   1,600 (after shear test) at 98.9° C.            4.5 min.                   4.56                      --     --  --Flash point (°C.)            96.1 min.                  131 100 min.                             131 135Boiling point (°C.) DER            204.4 min.                  242 230 min.                             242 261 WER            --     172 155 min.                             172 169Water content (%)           --     3.4 --     3.4 3.3Heat stability(variation of boiling point) (°C.)           --     --  3.0 max.                             -1.0                                 -1.0Chemical stability(variation of boiling point) (°C.)           --     --  3.0 max.                             -1.0                                 0Pour point (°C.)           56.7 max.                  -62 -50 max.                             -62 -64pH              --     --  7.0-11.5                             8.2 7.9__________________________________________________________________________ 
    
     
                                           TABLE 7(b)__________________________________________________________________________Performance of the hydraulic fluid of the present invention          Central system          hydraulic fluid                         Brake fluid          SAE 71R2       DOT-4          Sample   Test        specification                 Sample No. 5-1                         specification                                Sample No. 5-1                                        No. 20-1__________________________________________________________________________Corrosion resistance (mg/cm.sup.2) Tinned iron sheet          ±0.2 max.                 -0.06   ±0.2 max.                                -0.06   -0.05 Steel         ±0.2 max.                 -0.01   ±0.2 max.                                -0.01   -0.01 Aluminum      ±0.1 max.                 -0.02   ±0.1 max.                                -0.02   -0.01 Cast iron     ±0.2 max.                 -0.00   ±0.2 max.                                -0.00   -0.01 Brass         ±0.5 max.                 -0.09   ±0.4 max.                                -0.09   -0.12 Copper        ±0.5 max.                 -0.11   ±0.4 max.                                -0.11   -0.12Appearance of the metal          no pitching                 no pitching                         no pitching                                no pitching                                        no pitching          and etching                 and etching                         and etching                                and etching                                        and etchingProperty after test pH            --     --      7.0-11.5                                 7.6     7.5 Jellifying of fluid          --     --      no     no      noFormation of crystals          --     --      no     no      noPrecipitate (separation bycentrifuge) (vol. %)          --     --       0.1 max.                                 0.01    0.02__________________________________________________________________________ 
    
     
                                           TABLE 7(c)__________________________________________________________________________Performance of the hydraulic fluid of the present invention        Central system hydraulic fluid                            Brake fluid        SAE 71R2            DOT-4               SampleTest         specification                  Sample No. 5-1                            specification                                      Sample No. 5-1                                                No.__________________________________________________________________________                                                20-1Cold test (temperature °C.        -45.6 ×             -56.7 ×                  -45.6 ×                       -56.7 ×                            -40 ×                                 -50 ×                                      -40 ×                                           -50 ×                                                -40                                                     -50 ×× hours)        144  6    144  6    144  6    144  6    144  6Hiding power(identification of        clearly identified                  clearly identified                            clearly   clearly   clearlyboundary line of                 identified                                      identified                                                identifiedtest paper)Separation and        no        no        no        no        noprecipitationTime until foams reach                35fluid surface (sec.)        --   --   --   --   10 max.                                 max. 3    9    2    7EvaporabilityEvaporation loss (%)        --        --        80 max.   31        38Property and appearanceof residue(sandish and abrasiveprecipitate) --        --        no        no        noPour point (°C.)        --        --        -5        -10       -9__________________________________________________________________________ 
    
     
                                           TABLE 7(d)__________________________________________________________________________Performance of the hydraulic fluid of the present invention          Central system hydraulic fluid                            Brake fluid          SAE 71R2          DOT-4               Sample   Test        specification                   Sample No. 5-1                            specification                                      Sample No. 5-1                                                No.__________________________________________________________________________                                                20-1Water tolerance          -40 ×               60 ×                   -40 ×                        60 ×                            -40 ×                                  60 ×                                      -40 ×                                            60 ×                                                -40                                                      60 ×(temperature °C. × hours)          22   22  22   22  120   24  120   24  120   24Hiding power (identification of  clearly   clearly   clearlyboundary line of test paper)          clearly identified                   clearly identified                            identified                                      identified                                                identifiedSeparation and precipitation          no       no       no        no        noTime until foams reach          10 max.               --  3    --  10 max.                                  --  3     --  5     --fluid surface (sec.)Precipitate (separation by               0.05               0.05centrifuge) (vol. %)          --   max.                   --   0.01                            --    max.                                      0.01  --  --    0.01Compatibility                          60 ×                                            60 ×                                                      60 ×(temperature °C. × hours)          --   --  --   --  -40 × 24                                  24  -40 × 24                                            24  -40                                                      24imes. 24Hiding power (identification of  clearly   clearly   clearlyboundary line of test paper)          --       --       identified                                      identified                                                identifiedSeparation and precipitation          --       --       no        no        noPrecipitate (separation by             0.05centrifuge) (vol. %)          --   --  --   --  --    max.                                      --    0.03                                                --    0.01__________________________________________________________________________ 
    
     
                                           TABLE 7(e)__________________________________________________________________________Performance of the hydraulic fluid of the present invention            Central system hydraulic fluid                           Brake fluid            SAE 71R2       DOT-4          Sample   Test          specification                   Sample No. 5-1                           specification                                  Sample No. 5-1                                          No. 20-1__________________________________________________________________________Oxidation tolerancePitching and etching(aluminum and cast iron)            --     --      no     no      noFormation of rubbery material(metal surface)  --     --      no     no      noWeight change of test metal(mg/cm.sup.2)Aluminum         --     --      0.05 max.                                  -0.01   -0.02Cast iron        --     --      0.30 max.                                  -0.03   -0.05Rubber swelling(SBR, 70° C. × 120 hours)Swelling (increase of the diameterof base rubber) (mm)            --     --      0.15-1.40                                   0.82    0.93Hardness IRHD (degree)            --     --      15 max.                                  2       3Collapse         --     --      no     no      no__________________________________________________________________________ 
    
     
                                           TABLE 7(f)__________________________________________________________________________Performance of the hydraulic fluid of the present invention                 Central system hydraulic fluid                                Brake fluid                 SAE 71R2       DOT-4          Sample   Test               specification                        Sample No. 5-1                                specification                                       Sample No. 5-1                                               No.__________________________________________________________________________                                               20-1Rubber swelling(SBR, 120° C. × 70 hours)Swelling (increase of the diameterof base rubber) (mm)  0.1-1.4                        0.87    0.15-1.40                                       0.87    0.01Hardness, IRHD (degree)                 --     --      15 max.                                       3       3Collapse              no     no      no     no      noOxidation stability in automatictransmission          80 min.                        90      --     --      --Foaming(measuring temperature: 24 → 93.5 → 24° C.Just after air-blowing for5 minutes (ml)        --     40, 20, 20                                --     --      --Time until foam disappears (sec.)                 100 max.                        15, 10, 10                                --     --      --__________________________________________________________________________