Abstract:
The disclosure relates to a method for establishing a communication link between a first communication terminal and a second communication terminal. According to the inventive method, the communication link is achieved by means of interconnected network elements, selected network elements being authorized to trigger releasing of the communication link.

Description:
FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY 
     The present disclosure relates to a method for the establishment of a communication link between a first communication terminal and a second communication terminal, with the communication link being implemented by means of interconnected network elements, and a corresponding communication system, particularly a UMTS. 
     BACKGROUND 
     The headlong spread of mobile communication has in recent years led to the development of a number of improved radio transmission methods. To integrate the advantages of the Internet into the world of mobile communication, a Session Initiation Protocol (SIP), as it is called, was proposed, which is what is known as an “Application Layer Control Protocol”, i.e. a signaling protocol for establishing, modifying and terminating multimedia sessions. These multimedia sessions, can, for example, include multimedia conferences, Internet-telephone links (Voice over IP) and similar applications. By means of SIP, users can be invited, or added to, existing sessions and the composition of the multimedia session can be changed. The main capabilities of SIP are address allocation or address mapping, the localization of the called user and the diversion of connections. An SIP session in this case is usually realized between two communication terminals, also called user entities UE, with the interposition of several interconnected network elements, (e.g., proxies) being realized. 
     SIP was chosen by 3GPP as a signaling protocol for the IP Multimedia Call Network Subsystem (IMS). According to the current 3GPP specification, an SIP session can also be established or terminated by network elements (proxies), such as the P-CSCF, S-CSCF, MGCF or AS, within the IP multimedia core network subsystem [1], [2], [3] referenced at the end of the present text. The cause of this session termination by the P-CSCF can, for example, be the interruption of the radio link of the UE to the UTRAN (out of coverage). The S-CSCF ends the SIP session between the UEs because of a depleted pre-paid account of one of the terminals or for administrative reasons (see [1]). 
     However, the problem with this is that the SIP protocol specified in the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), and used by 3GPP in the IMS and adapted to this [purpose, the use of end-to-endprotocols. The control of the session is, by definition, in the logic units between which they are established. These logic units are known as user agents (UA), with these being distinguished as user agent clients (UAC) or user agent servers (UAS) depending on whether they transmit an SIP request or respond to a corresponding request with an SIP response (see [4]). Both logic units, UAC and UAS, are contained in a UE. Hence in accordance with the SIP protocol standard (IETF version), only the UAs can end an SIP session. This impedes the integration of the SIP protocol in mobile radio systems because this integration, as explained above, requires not only AUS, i.e. not only communication terminals, but also proxies as network elements, to be able to trigger a communication link. 
       FIG. 1  shows the known SIP signaling messages in the IMS during a termination of the SIP session initiated by P-CSCF, in a case where the radio link between the UE and UA and the UTRAN was broken (out of coverage) (see [1],  FIG. 5.26   a ). As can be seen in this illustration, the session is established by the P-CSCF by means of the message designated by “hangup”. Hangup in this case stands for the transmission of the BYE request as it is known. The BYE message serves to identify the session to the P-CSCF and to indicate to the UE/UA that this session is to be terminated. Consequently, the UE or UA confirms, by means of the 200 OK message, the PSCF, the termination of the SIP session and then releases the PDP context, i.e. the data link to the UTRAN/CN on which the data of the media session is being transmitted. Further details are given in [1] chapter 5.10.3.1.1 (see also [2] chapter 8). 
     According to the prior art, a network element, e.g. the P-CSCF, thus terminates the SIP session. Accordingly, the UA has no control over who terminates the session or what proxy is entitled to do so. The UA functions purely as an “instruction receiver”. This deviating functionality of the standard SIP (3GPP version) adapted from 3GPP was deprecated by the IETF. According to the present state of the art, an integration of the SIP protocol into the 3GPP standard is not possible, at least not with the agreement of the IETF. 
     SUMMARY 
     A system and method is disclosed for establishing a communication link between a first communication terminal and a second communication terminal that enables, under the control of a terminal, the triggering of the release of a link by a network element that realizes the link. 
     In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, selected network elements are authorized to trigger a release of the communication link. 
     Communication terminals can particularly be all communication terminals that can be the start or destination of an SIP session. An example of a communication terminal is a mobile telephone, particularly a UMTS mobile telephone. However, in the context of the invention a UA, a UAS, or a UAC can also be regarded as a communication terminal. 
     A communication link in this case also includes packet-switched communication links. An invite message that is transmitted over network elements can preferably be changed by any network element and can then be passed on to the next network element. 
     Changed invite messages, response messages or update messages can in this case also be designated as invite messages. 
     The present disclosure is generally based on the concept that not every network element, for example not every proxy, can release the link, e.g. a session, or trigger its release. In this way, for example, by means of an authorization check in a communication terminal, the control of the session termination can be achieved in the communication terminal, such as the UA, in conformity with the IETF. This means that network elements, such as proxies, can trigger the ending of a communication (session) but the final release of the link is still under the control of a communication terminal. 
     The present disclosure also illustrates a method for dealing with network elements, also referred to in the following as proxies, that are authorized to end an SIP session between UAs under another exemplary embodiment. The authorizations to terminate an SIP session can in this case be advantageously given by the UAs. The requirement of the IETF that the UAs have control over the established session is therefore taken into account. This property can, however, be restricted by a corresponding configuration and adaptation of the method, in order to meet the 3GPP-specific requirements. These requirements differ from those of the IETF in that the UMTS mobile radio network operators would like to have the maximum possible control over the SIP sessions operated in their network, i.e. in their IMS/CN. This requirement for a control of the SIP session by the network is directly opposed to the principle of the IETF for a UA-controlled SIP session. 
     The present disclosure provides for the transmission of an invite message from the first communication device via interconnected network elements, particularly on the signaling path, to the second communication terminal during the establishment of the communication link, and for an identification character of the network elements that require authorization for the triggering of a release of the communication link to be entered in the invite message. Information is thus entered in an invite message that signals the communication terminals regarding which network elements request authorization to release a link or to initiate release of a link. 
     Preferably, the method is thus characterized by the fact that the proxies, located on the signaling path between the UAs, indicate to the UAs during the session establishment whether they wish to receive the authorization to end the SIP session. For this purpose, they insert, particularly in a corresponding header field of a message or of an INVITE message, an information element that identifies it (SIP URI or SIPS URI) and indicates that the specified proxy wishes to be authorized to end the SIP session. The recipient of the INVITE message i.e. the UAS, can then check the entries in the relevant header field. Finally, the UAS can send a response, e.g. a “183 Session in Progress” message to the UAC. This message can also include a copy of the corresponding header field of the INVITE message. The UAS can, of course, delete the entries of individual proxies that are not accepted by it as session-terminating proxies. This decision can be made by the UAS, e.g. with the aid of specified criteria, a list comparison and/or by means of a configuration by the user. The identification of the authorized network elements can in this case also be stored in a subscriber identification module (SIM) within the communication terminal. After receipt of this response, that can at least run on all the proxies in the list not yet revised by the UAS, the UAC can check the list of proxies that wish to receive authorization to end the SIP session and that were accepted by the UAS. If at least one listed proxy is not accepted by the UAC, the UAC can transmit a correspondingly reduced list of proxies to the UAS in a further message. In this way, at least all the proxies listed in the list not yet revised by the UAC can be run through. The UPDATE method (see [6]), that is an extension of reference [4], can, for example, be used to transmit this list. As part of the handling of proxies, multiple messages can be exchanged between the UAs until agreement is reached between the UAs. If no agreement can be reached, the session termination can be aborted. The use of a method of this kind means that the decision as to what proxy is authorized to terminate the session lies finally with the UAs. 
    
    
     
       DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The various objects, advantages and novel features of the present disclosure will be more readily apprehended from the following Detailed Description when read in conjunction with the enclosed drawings, in which: 
         FIG. 1  illustrates a conventional diagram of the termination of an SIP session initiated by a network P-CSCF, after the radio link between the UE and UTRAN has been discontinued. 
         FIG. 2  illustrates a diagram of the termination of an SIP session initiated by a network P-CSCF under an exemplary embodiment; and 
         FIG. 3  illustrates a diagram of the termination of an SIP session initiated by a network P-CSCF under another exemplary embodiment. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     In the following exemplary embodiment, a new SIP header is introduced to perform the disclosed methods. The header is preferred to as a “NI-BYE-Permit”.  FIG. 2  shows the SIP signaling messages in the IMS for a session establishment and termination.  FIG. 2  thus includes the handling by the UAs of the proxies authorized for the session termination. It is assumed under the examples that the UAs are subject to no restrictions with regard to the choice of the IMS proxies. Such a restriction could, for example, exist in that the UAs have to accept certain proxies and that these cannot be deleted from the NI-BYE-Permit header. Corresponding proxies, can, for example, be configured by the mobile radio network, by the mobile radio system or the mobile radio system operator or be specified by the user. It should be noted that only the SIP signaling messages will be discussed in the embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 2 . 
     Accordingly, the following is a description of the SIP messages in  FIG. 2 . The session establishment begins with the INVITE message designated N 1 . 
     INVITE sip:Holger@siemens.com SIP/2.0 
     Via: SIP/2.0/UDP UE1.web.com;branch=z9hG4bKnashds8 
     Max-Forwards: 70 
     To: Holger sip:Holger@siemens.com&gt; 
     From: Mark sip:Mark@web.com&gt;;tag=1928301774 
     Call-ID: a84b4c76e66710 
     CSeq: 314159 INVITE 
     Contact: sip:Mark@UE1.web.com&gt; 
     Content-Type: application/sdp 
     Content-Length: 142 
     It is assumed that the P-CSCF1 of the VN wishes to have authorization to end the SIP session, so that it can insert the NI-BYE-Permit header and give its URI there. The P-CSCF1 also inserts a record-route header and also enters its URI there. All proxies listed in the record-route header are part of the SIP signaling path within the opened dialog between UE#1 and UE#2 (see [4]). This is a necessary precondition for the subsequent ending of the SIP session by the P-CSCF1. The message N 2  ((changed) invite message) can thus be given as follows. 
     INVITE sip:Holger@siemens.com SIP/2.0 
     Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 
     pcscf1.visited1.netbranch=z9hG4bKaaaaaa 
     Via: SIP/2.0/UDP UE1.web.com;branch=z9hG4bKnashds8 
     Max-Forwards: 69 
     NI-BYE-Permit: sip: pcscf1.visited1.net&gt; 
     Record-Route: sip: pcscf1.visited1.net;1r&gt; 
     To: Holger sip:Holger@siemens.com&gt; 
     From: Mark sip:Mark@web.com&gt;;tag=1928301774 
     Call-ID: a84b4c76e66710 
     CSeq: 314159 INVITE 
     Contact: sip:Mark@UE1.web.com&gt; 
     Content-Type: application/sdp 
     Content-Length: 142 
     (Mark&#39;s Sdp not Shown) 
     It is also assumed in this example that all proxies are entered in the NI-BYE-Permit header and thus wish to obtain authorization to end the SIP session. The messages designated N 3 , N 4  and N 5  (changed invite messages) do not differ essentially from each other, so that in this case only message N 5  (changed invite message) is specified. This message contains, in the NI-BYE-Permit and record-route headers, the URIs of the proxies previously run through. 
     INVITE sip:Holger@siemens.com SIP/2.0 
     Via: SIP/2.0/UDP pcscf2.visited2.net; 
     branch=z9hG4bKdddddd 
     Via: SIP/2.0/UDP scscf2.home2.net; branch=z9hG4bKcccccc 
     Via: SIP/2.0/UDP scscf1.home1.net;branch=z9hG4bKbbbbbb 
     Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 
     pcscf1.visited1.net;branch=z9hG4bKaaaaaa 
     Via: SIP/2.0/UDP UE1.web.com;branch=z9hG4bKnashds8 
     Max-Forwards: 66 
     NI-BYE-Permit: sip:pcscf2.visited2.net&gt;, sip:scscf2.home2.net&gt;, &lt;sip:scscf1.home1.net&gt;, sip: pcscf1.visited1.net&gt; 
     Record-Route: sip:pcscf2.visited2.net,1r&gt;, &lt;sip:scscf2.home2.net,1r&gt;, sip:scscf1.home1.net;1r&gt;, 
     sip: pcscf1.visited1.net;1r&gt; 
     To: Holger sip:Holger@siemens.com&gt; 
     From: Mark sip:Mark@web.com&gt;;tag=1928301774 
     Call-ID: a84b4c76e66710 
     CSeq: 314159 INVITE 
     Contact: sip:Mark@UE1.web.com&gt; 
     Content-Type: application/sdp 
     Content-Length: 142 
     (Mark&#39;s Sdp not Shown) 
     The UE#2 or the UAS now checks the URIs in the NI-BYE-Permit header. It is now assumed that the UAS S-CSCF1 is not accepted as a session-ending proxy. The UAS therefore deletes the URI of the S-CSCF1 from the NI-BYE-Permit header and sends the message N 6 , that can be in the form of a response message or also as a particularly changed invite message, with the help of the Via header to the UAC: 
     SIP/2.0 183 Session Progress 
     Via: SIP/2.0/UDP pcscf2.visited2.net; 
     branch=z9hG4bKdddddd 
     Via: SIP/2.0/UDP scscf2.home2.net; branch=z9hG4bKcccccc 
     Via: SIP/2.0/UDP scscf1.home1.net;branch=z9hG4bKbbbbbb 
     Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 
     pcscf1.visited1.net;branch=z9hG4bKaaaaaa 
     Via: SIP/2.0/UDP UE1.web.com;branch=z9hG4bKnashds8 
     NI-BYE-Permit: sip:pcscf2.visited2.net&gt;, sip:scscf2.home2.net&gt;, &lt;sip: pcscf1.visited1.net&gt; 
     Record-Route: sip:pcscf2.visited2.net,1r&gt;, &lt;sip:scscf2.home2.net,1r&gt;, sip:scscf1.home1.net;1r&gt;, 
     sip: pcscf1.visited1.net;1r&gt; 
     To: Holger sip:Holger@siemens.com&gt;;tag=21111972 
     From: Mark sip:Mark@web.com&gt;;tag=1928301774 
     Call-ID: a84b4c76e66710 
     CSeq: 314159 INVITE 
     Contact: sip:Holger@UE2.siemens.com&gt; 
     Content-Type: application/sdp 
     Content-Length: 142 
     The 183 session progress report, that can also be particularly in the form of a changed invite message, runs on the signaling path to the UAC via all the proxies listed in  FIG. 2 . These messages do not differ substantially from message N 6 , so that they are not repeated here. Each proxy checks the entries in the NI-BYE-Permit header. If its URI is still contained there, the corresponding proxy knows that it was accepted by the UAS. If its URI is no longer contained, as is the case in this example for the S-CSCF1, the corresponding proxy then knows that it was not accepted by the UAS and therefore may not end the session between the UAs. The list of proxies accepted by the UAS is received by the UAC with message N 10  (changed invite message or response message). The UAC checks the NI-BYE-Permit header. It is further assumed in this example of an that the UAC, in addition to the S-CSCF1 does not accept the P-CSCF2 as a session-ending proxy. The UAC therefore sends an updated list of proxies, by means of messages N 11 -N 15 , also as an especially changed invite message, that no longer contains the P-CSCF2 to the UAS via the proxies given in the record route: 
     UPDATE Holger@UE2.siemens.com SIP/2.0 
     Via: SIP/2.0/UDP UE1.web.com;branch=z9hG4bKlmaa99 
     Max-Forwards: 70 
     NI-BYE-Permit: sip:scscf2.home2.net&gt;, sip: pcscf1.visited1.net&gt; 
     Route: sip: pcscf1.visited1.net;1r&gt;, sip:scscf1.home1.net;1r&gt;, &lt;sip:scscf2.home2.net,1r&gt;, sip:pcscf2.visited2.net,1r&gt; 
     To: Holger sip:Holger@siemens.com&gt;;tag=21111972 
     From: Mark sip:Mark@web.com&gt;;tag=1928301774 
     Call-ID: a84b4c76e66710 
     CSeq: 314160 UPDATE 
     Contact: sip:Mark@UE1.web.com&gt; 
     Content-Type: application/sdp 
     Content-Length: 142 
     This message passes through all the proxies given in the route header, so that the P-CSCF2 knows, by means of the NI-BYE-Permit header, that it is no longer authorized to end the session between the UAs. In this way, the S-CSCF2 and the P-CSCF1 also know that their URI continues to be contained in the NI-BYE-Permit header. After receipt of message N 15 , the UAS checks the new proposal of the UAC in the NI-BYE-Permit header. It is assumed that the UAS accepts this proposal and confirms it by means of message N 16 : 
     SIP/2.0 200 OK 
     Via: SIP/2.0/UDP pcscf2.visited2.net; 
     branch=z9hG4bKddddd2 
     Via: SIP/2.0/UDP scscf2.home2.net; ranch=z9hG4bKccccc2 
     Via: SIP/2.0/UDP cscf1.home1.net;branch=z9hG4bKbbbbb2 
     Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 
     pcscf1.visited1.net;branch=z9hG4bKaaaaa2 
     Via: SIP/2.0/UDP UE1.web.com;branch=z9hG4bKlmaa99 
     NI-BYE-Permit: sip:scscf2.home2.net&gt;, sip: pcscf1.visited1.net&gt; 
     To: Holger sip:Holger@siemens.com&gt;;tag=21111972 
     From: Mark sip:Mark@web.com&gt;;tag=1928301774 
     Call-ID: a84b4c76e66710 
     CSeq: 314160 UPDATE 
     Contact: sip:Holger@UE2.siemens.com&gt; 
     Content-Type: application/sdp 
     Content-Length: 142 
     (Holger&#39;s SDP not shown) 
     The session termination (signaling messages are not completely contained in  FIG. 2 ) in accordance with the method described here for managing proxies authorized to terminate SIP sessions, and Holger (UE#2) and Mark (UE#1) exchange multimedia data with the format which they have agreed for the exchange of SDP messages.  FIG. 2  also shows the termination of the SIP session by the P-CSCF1 authorized to do so. 
     In the alternate example, no new header is introduced to realize the disclosed method. In this particularly advantageous example, the record-route header is expanded in order to realize the method.  FIG. 3  shows a typical signaling pattern with the aid of which the expansion of the record-route header is explained. The same assumptions also apply as in the first example of  FIG. 2 . It should be noted that this example of an embodiment differs from the embodiment of  FIG. 2  only in the absence of the NI-BYE-Permit header and the expanded record-route header. 
     The message N 1  for establishing the session does not change when the record-route header is used, i.e. it is identical to message N 1  in the first example of an embodiment. It is further assumed that the P-CSCF1 of the VN wishes to obtain the authorization to end the SIP session. To do this, this proxy inserts a record-route header in the INVITE message so that for future requests it continues to be part of the SIP signaling path (see [4] and  FIG. 2 ). The record-route header is expanded by an information element per entry, i.e. per URI. This field contains the value NI-BYE-YES if the corresponding proxy wishes to obtain the authorization to terminate the session. If it does not want this, the information element is advantageously not inserted. The permanent transmission of this element is also possible. In this case, a NI-BYE-NO must then be transmitted. The message N 2  can thus be given as follows: 
     INVITE sip:Holger@siemens.com SIP/2.0 
     Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 
     pcscf1.visited1.net;branch=z9hG4bKaaaaaa 
     Via: SIP/2.0/UDP UE1.web.com;branch=z9hG4bKnashds8 
     Max-Forwards: 69 
     Record-Route: sip: pcscf1.visited1.net;1r&gt;; NI-BYE-YES 
     To: Holger sip:Holger@siemens.com&gt; 
     From: Mark sip:Mark@web.com&gt;;tag=1928301774 
     Call-ID: a84b4c76e66710 
     CSeq: 314159 INVITE 
     Contact: sip:Mark@UE1.web.com&gt; 
     Content-Type: application/sdp 
     Content-Length: 142 
     (Mark&#39;s Sdp not Shown) 
     It is again assumed that all proxies wish to be authorized to end the SIP session. The messages designated N 3 , N 4  and N 5  do not differ essentially from each other, so that only message N 5  is given here: 
     INVITE sip:Holger@siemens.com SIP/2.0 
     Via: SIP/2.0/UDP pcscf2.visited2.net; 
     branch=z9hG4bKdddddd 
     Via: SIP/2.0/UDP scscf2.home2.net; ranch=z9hG4bKcccccc 
     Via: SIP/2.0/UDP cscf1.home1.net;branch=z9hG4bKbbbbbb 
     Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 
     pcscf1.visited1.net;branch=z9hG4bKaaaaaa 
     Via: SIP/2.0/UDP UE1.web.com;branch=z9hG4bKnashds8 
     Max-Forwards: 66 
     Record-Route: sip:pcscf2.visited2.net,1r&gt;; NI-BYE-YES, &lt;sip:scscf2.home2.net,1r&gt;; NI-BYE-YES, sip:scscf1.home1.net;1r&gt;; NI-BYE-YES, &lt;sip: pcscf1.visited1.net;1r&gt;; NI-BYE-YES 
     To: Holger sip:Holger@siemens.com&gt; 
     From: Mark sip:Mark@web.com&gt;;tag=1928301774 
     Call-ID: a84b4c76e66710 
     CSeq: 314159 INVITE 
     Contact: sip:Mark@UE1.web.com&gt; 
     Content-Type: application/sdp 
     Content-Length: 142 
     (Mark&#39;s Sdp not Shown) 
     The UE#2 or the UAS checks, in accordance with the embodiment, the URIs in the record-route header. It is now assumed that the UAS does not accept the S-CSCF1 as a possible session-ending proxy. Therefore, the UAS deletes the “NI-BYE-YES” information element of the S-CSCF1 from the record-route header and sends message N 6  to the UAC with the aid of the VIA headers. Alternatively, the UAS can also logically set the information element to “not accepted”, i.e. send back “NI-BYE-NO”. The first method mentioned here has the advantage compared to this message that less signaling data has to be transferred. 
     SIP/2.0 183 Session Progress 
     Via: SIP/2.0/UDP pcscf2.visited2.net; 
     branch=z9hG4bKdddddd 
     Via: SIP/2.0/UDP scscf2.home2.net; ranch=z9hG4bKcccccc 
     Via: SIP/2.0/UDP cscf1.home1.net;branch=z9hG4bKbbbbbb 
     Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 
     pcscf1.visited1.net;branch=z9hG4bKaaaaaa 
     Via: SIP/2.0/UDP UE1.web.com;branch=z9hG4bKnashds8 
     Record-Route: sip:pcscf2.visited2.net,1r&gt;; NI-BYE-YES, &lt;sip:scscf2.home2.net,1r&gt;; NI-BYE-YES, sip:scscf1.home1.net;1r&gt;, sip: 
     pcscf1.visited1.net;1r&gt;; NI-BYE-YES 
     To: Holger sip:Holger@siemens.com&gt;;tag=21111972 
     From: Mark sip:Mark@web.com&gt;;tag=1928301774 
     Call-ID: a84b4c76e66710 
     CSeq: 314159 INVITE 
     Contact: sip:Holger@UE2.siemens.com&gt; 
     Content-Type: application/sdp 
     Content-Length: 142 
     (Holger&#39;s Sdp not Shown) 
     The 183 session progress report, also called the “specifically changed invitemessage”, runs on the signaling parts to the UAC via all the proxies listed in  FIG. 3 . These messages do not differ essentially from message N 6 , so that they are not given here. Each proxy checks the entries in the record-route header. If the “NI-BYE-YES” information element is still contained therein, the corresponding proxy knows that it was accepted by the UAS. If this information element is no longer contained behind its URI, as is the case in this example for S-CSCF1, the proxy then knows that it was not accepted by the UAS and therefore may not end the session between the UAs. The list of proxies accepted by the UAS is received from the UAC with the message N 10 . The UAC then checks the record-route header. It is also assumed in this example of an embodiment that the UAC accepts the P-CSCF2 in addition to the S-CSCF1 as a proxy that does not end sessions. The UAC therefore sends an updated list of proxies, by means of N 11 -N 15 , that the P-CSCF2 no longer contains, to the UAS via the proxies given in the record-route: 
     UPDATE Holger@UE2.siemens.com SIP/2.0 
     Via: SIP/2.0/UDP UE1.web.com;branch=z9hG4bKlmaa99 
     Max-Forwards: 70 
     Record-Route: sip:pcscf2.visited2.net,1r&gt;, &lt;sip:scscf2.home2.net,1r&gt;; NI-BYE-YES, sip:scscf1.home1.net;1r&gt;, sip: 
     pcscf1.visited1.net;1r&gt;; NI-BYE-YES 
     To: Holger sip:Holger@siemens.com&gt;;tag=21111972 
     From: Mark sip:Mark@web.com&gt;;tag=1928301774 
     Call-ID: a84b4c76e66710 
     CSeq: 314160 UPDATE 
     Contact: sip:Mark@UE1.web.com&gt; 
     Content-Type: application/sdp 
     Content-Length: 142 
     (Marks&#39;s Sdp not Shown) 
     This message passes through all the proxies given in the route header, so that the P-CSCF2 knows by means of the record-route header that it no longer authorized to end the session between the UAs. In this way, the S-CSCF2 and the P-CSCF1 detect that the NI-BYE-YES information element is still present behind their URI, so that they continue to be authorized to end the session. After receipt of message N 15 , the UAS checks the new proposal of the UAC, contained in the record-route header. It is assumed that the UAS accepts this proposal and confirms it by means of message N 16 : 
     SIP/2.0 200 OK 
     Via: SIP/2.0/UDP pcscf2.visited2.net; 
     branch=z9hG4bKddddd2 
     Via: SIP/2.0/UDP scscf2.home2.net; ranch=z9hG4bKccccc2 
     Via: SIP/2.0/UDP cscf1.home1.net;branch=z9hG4bKbbbbb2 
     Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 
     pcscf1.visited1.net;branch=z9hG4bKaaaaa2 
     Via: SIP/2.0/UDP UE1.web.com;branch=z9hG4bKlmaa99 
     Record-Route: sip:pcscf2.visited2.net,1r&gt;, &lt;sip:scscf2.home2.net,1r&gt;; NI-BYE-YES, sip:scscf1.home1.net;1r&gt;, sip: 
     pcscf1.visited1.net;1r&gt;; NI-BYE-YES 
     To: Holger sip:Holger@siemens.com&gt;;tag=21111972 
     From: Mark sip:Mark@web.com&gt;;tag=1928301774 
     Call-ID: a84b4c76e66710 
     CSeq: 314160 UPDATE 
     Contact: sip:Holger@UE2.siemens.com&gt; 
     Content-Type: application/sdp 
     Content-Length: 142 
     (Holger&#39;s Sdp not Shown) 
     The session establishment is concluded in accordance with the method described here for managing proxies authorized to terminate SIP sessions (signaling messages are not completely contained in  FIG. 3 ) and Holger (UE#2) and Mark (UE#1) exchange multimedia data with the format which they have agreed for the exchange of SDP messages.  FIG. 3  also shows the attempt, N 21 - 23 , by S-CSCF1 to end the session. Message N 23  in this case can be given as follows: 
     BYE sip:Holger@UE2.siemens.com SIP/2.0 
     Via: SIP/2.0/UDP pcscf2.visited2.net; 
     branch=z9hG4bKddddd3 
     Via: SIP/2.0/UDP scscf2.home2.net; ranch=z9hG4bKccccc3 
     Via: SIP/2.0/UDP cscf1.home1.net;branch=z9hG4bKbbbbb3 
     Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 
     pcscf1.visited1.net;branch=z9hG4bKaaaaa3 
     Max-Forwards: 70 
     Route: sip:scscf2.home2.net,1r&gt;, sip:pcscf2.visited2.net,1r&gt; 
     To: Holger sip:Holger@siemens.com&gt;;tag=21111972 
     From: Mark sip:Mark@web.com&gt;;tag=1928301774 
     Call-ID: a84b4c76e66710 
     CSeq: 12 BYE 
     Content-Length: 0 
     Using the lowest, i.e. the first Via header inserted, the UAC (UE#2) detects the source of this message. The record-route header and the proxies authorized to end the SIP session are stored in the transaction state by the UAs (Note: The proxies of the IMS are all state-full proxies [4]). The UA therefore know which proxy is authorized to end the SIP session even if no record-route header is contained in the message. Consequently, the UAC does not accept the BYE message from the P-CSCF1 and sends an error message, i.e. a 4xx (401) message, in N 24 -N 26 , back to the P-CSCF1. The same applies to messages N 35 -N 38  between P-CSCF1 and UE#1. 
     The P-CSCF1 then ends the SIP session between UE#1 and UE#2, in that it sends a BYE message to both UAs. This is very similar to message N 23  so that no further details are given here. Using the Via header, the UAs detect the source of this BYE request, and a correlation with the information stored in the transaction state thus shows that the P-CSCF1 is authorized to end the session. Consequently, UE#1, with N 40 , and UE#2 with N 31 -N 34 , each send a 200 OK to the P-CSCF1. This ends the SIP session and the UEs release the (radio) resources used. 
     It should be understood that the various changes and modifications to the presently preferred embodiments described herein will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Such changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure and without diminishing its intended advantages. It is therefore intended that such changes and modifications be covered by the appended claims. 
     As part of this application, reference is made to the following documents:
         [1] 3GPP TS 23.228: IP Multimedia Subsystem; Stage 2   [2] 3GPP TS 24.228: IP Multimedia Call Control Protocol based on SIP and SDP; Stage 3   [3] 3GPP TS 24.229: Signaling Flows for the IP Multimedia Call Control Protocol based on SIP and SDP; Stage 3   [4] RFC3261: SIP: Session Initiation Protocol   [5] WO 2002067533 A1: Closing a SIP active Session, Nokia   [6] RFC3311: The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) UPDATE Method       

     The following abbreviations are used in this application: 
     3GPP Third Generation Partnership Project 
     AS Application Server 
     CN Core Network 
     DRNC Drift RNC 
     GGSN Gateway GPRS Support Node 
     GMSC Gateway MSC 
     GSM Global System for Mobile Communications 
     HLR Home Location Register 
     HN Home Network 
     IETF Internet Engineering Task Force 
     IMS IP Multimedia CN Subsystem 
     MGCF Media Gateway Control Function 
     MSC Mobile Switching Center 
     P-CSCF Proxy CSCF 
     RAB Radio Access Bearer 
     RNC Radio Network Controller 
     S-CSCF Serving CSCF 
     SDP Session Description Protocol 
     SGSN Serving GPRS Support Node 
     SIP Session Initiation Protocol 
     SIPS URI Secure SIP URI 
     UA User Agent 
     UAC User Agent Client 
     UAS User Agent Server 
     UE User Equipment 
     UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunication System 
     URI Uniform Resource Identifier 
     UTRAN Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network 
     VLR Visitor Location Register 
     VN Visited Network