Abstract:
A method for dynamically generating a console menu is described that involves displaying a console menu to a user that provides one or more menu options. Each of the one or more menu options is coupled to one or more respective console listeners such that there is at least one listener per menu option amongst the menu options. The method further includes waiting for the user to choose a selection from the menu options. Once a selection of a particular menu option is made, a least one of its associated one or more console listeners is notified. A new console menu is dynamically generated for the user based on the selection chosen by said user. The new console menu provides a new set of one or more options which may be selected by said user.

Description:
BACKGROUND 
   1. Field of the Invention 
   This invention relates generally to the field of data processing systems. More particularly, the invention relates to an improved system and method for generating complex character-based computing interfaces. 
   2. Description of the Related Art 
   In order for a data processing device such as a personal computer or personal information manager (“PIM”) to display a particular alphanumeric character or group of characters, the alphanumeric character(s) must be installed on the data processing device. For example, in order for a data processing device to display non-English characters, such as the “é” character (“e” with an “accent egu”), a character set, which includes those characters, must first be installed on the data processing device. 
   BACKGROUND 
   Most software applications include a graphical user interface (hereinafter “GUI”). A GUI is a visual environment that contains movable and re-sizeable windows, drop-down menus, graphics, buttons, slide bars and other items that can be manipulated by using a pointing device (e.g., mouse, track ball, tablet or stylus). One way in which GUIs are used is configuration settings for software applications. Many software applications and development tools offer configuration menus in which a user may view configuration settings as well as make changes. In such an environment, radio boxes and/or check boxes are often used to display and change settings. Such settings are often represented as a boolean value (e.g., a setting is either “on” (TRUE) or “off” (FALSE)). Typically a check box will contain a check mark if the configuration item being represented is “on”. If a checkbox does not contain a check mark, the configuration item being represented is “off”.  FIG. 1  illustrates a GUI-based configuration menu containing check boxes and radio buttons. 
   GUI-based environments differ from a character-based (hereinafter “CB”) environment or console. First, CB environments do not contain non character drawn graphics. 
   That is, CB environments are usually comprised of textual characters (e.g., ASCII characters) only. There are no check boxes and radio buttons that can be manipulated to change settings. It is common for the number “ 1 ” to represent “yes” and the number “ 2 ” to represent “no”. For example, a user may be presented with an option to enable “automatic disk de-fragmentation”. A CB menu may state that typing “ 1 ” and the ENTER key means “yes” or typing “ 2 ” and the ENTER key means “no”. 
     FIG. 2  illustrates a CB configuration menu. In  FIG. 2 , horizontal characters “-” are used to create separators between menu items. In this example, a separator exists between menu items  1  and  6 ,  9  and  11 ,  15  and  16 , etc. It is also possible to indent certain menu items to depict a hierarchical structure amongst menu items.  FIG. 2  displays such a hierarchy to show that sub-menu items may exist under a root menu item. For example, menu item  9  appears to be indented in order to show that it is a sub-menu item of item  8 . Further, sub-menu items  19 - 24  are also indented to show that these items may only apply to menu item  18 . 
   Existing CB environments (e.g., the prior art) only offer static or scripted menus. A complex array of character-based menus is hard-coded into the software of the application it represents. If changes to the menus are required, the software application&#39;s code must be edited and recompiled. In large production systems, editing and recompiling software applications can be time-consuming and expensive. In result, such changes to CB menus can be delayed or left unimplemented. 
   No other limitation of the prior art is that existing CB menus are specifically designed to work with a specific application. In other words, a CB menu created for application X, would not work within application Y, because it is dependent on application X through its hard coded static menus. 
   SUMMARY 
   A method for dynamically generating a console menu is described in which the method displays a console menu to a user that provides one or more menu options. Each of said one or more menu options are coupled to one or more console listeners. The method waits for said user to choose a selection from said menu options. Once a selection is made, the method allows said one or more console listeners coupled to said chosen selection to receive said selection. Lastly, the method dynamically generates a new console menu for said user based on said selection chosen by said user, wherein said new console menu provides one or more options which may be selected by said user. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     A better understanding of the present invention can be obtained from the following detailed description in conjunction with the following drawings, in which: 
       FIG. 1  illustrates a GUI-based configuration menu containing check boxes and radio buttons. 
       FIG. 2  illustrates a character-based configuration menu. 
       FIG. 3  illustrates a dynamically created, character-based menu that is capable of interacting with and being manipulated by external software application and developers. 
       FIG. 4  illustrates a flow-chart process by which menu are dynamically generated in response to user input. 
       FIG. 5  illustrates an embodiment of how different inputs are sent and received by different modules in a computing system, which has implemented dynamically generated text-based configuration menus. 
       FIG. 6  illustrates a block diagram of a computing system that can execute program code stored by an article of manufacture. 
   

   DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
   Described below is a system and method for generating complex character-based computing interfaces. 
   Note that in this detailed description, references to “one embodiment” or “an embodiment” mean that the feature being referred to is included in at least one embodiment of the invention. Moreover, separate references to “one embodiment” in this description do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment; however, neither are such embodiments mutually exclusive, unless so stated, and except as will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art. Thus, the invention can include any variety of combinations and/or integrations of the embodiments described herein. 
   An improvement over the prior art&#39;s use of static or scripted CB menus would allow for the dynamic creation and/or editing of a console menu. Another improvement would allow for CB menus to be application independent, yet be capable of interacting with or be manipulated by external applications. 
     FIG. 3  illustrates a CB configuration menu architecture that is capable of dynamic changes and interaction with and manipulation by multiple applications. User input of certain menu items will open/close sub menus, add/remove menu  300  items, and send requests to independent software modules.  FIG. 3  displays a console menu  300  and a portion of its menu items. In console menu  300 , there are visible menu items  6 ,  7 ,  8  and  31 . Menu item  8  also contains sub-menu items  8 . 1  and  8 . 2 , which are currently displayed. Note that submenu items are indented in order to clarify that they are submenu (e.g., children) items from root menu (e.g., parent) item  8 . 
   Each menu item is coupled to a listener (e.g., menu item  6  is coupled to listener  310 ). A listener is a process that continuously runs, waiting to receive user input. Different types of listeners are capable of performing different functions. In one embodiment, there are two types of listeners: a listener and a default listener. (A “listener” and “default listener” are different types of listeners. When referring to a non-default listener the term “listener” will be used. When to referring to a default listener, the term “default listener” will be used. Default listeners perform the “solo” function of opening and closing submenus (e.g., item  8  contains submenus  8 . 1  and  8 . 2 ). Therefore, only root menu items with submenus (e.g., item  8 ) would have a default listener. If a menu item did not have a submenu beneath it, then no default listener would exist for that menu item. Further, in an embodiment, a menu item containing a submenu only has a single default listener. In  FIG. 3 , menu item  8  has a default listener  320 . If a user selected  8  and hit ENTER, default listener  320  would close the submenu of item  8  (e.g., item  8 . 1  and  8 . 2 ). If the user were to repeat ENTER at item  8  again, default listener  320  would reopen the submenu of menu item  8 . In this example, default listener  320  performs no other function. 
   Non-default listeners (“listeners”) differ from default listeners because they perform functions other than opening and closing a menu item. In one embodiment it is possible for a single menu item (e.g., item  8 ) to have multiple listeners that perform additional functions. Here, the different listeners may be invoked with different character entries (e.g., “A” for listener  321  and “R” for listener  322 ). One such function is to dynamically add or remove submenu items. For example, menu item  8  could have a second listener ( 321 ) that functions to remove submenu items. Menu item  8  may also posses another listener ( 322 ) that allows for the adding of submenu items. One of the main and most important functions of listeners is to start external software applications or modules, and to pass parameters to them. This is the feature that allows the console menu to interact with external applications, yet still maintain independence from them. 
   Each branch of console menu  300  has an end point that signifies that no more menu items exist beyond this point. For example, menu item  8  does not have an end point since submenu items  8 . 1  and  8 . 2  exist further down. Yet both submenu items  8 . 1  and  8 . 2  have end points because they are the deepest part of the tree hierarchy. Typically, the listeners at each end point function start a software module and/or pass parameters to them. 
   In  FIG. 3 , menu item  6  has a listener  310 . The function of listener  310  is to start “Global Dispatcher Configuration Software”  335 . If a user were to select menu item  6  and hit ENTER, listener  310  would start external software module  335 . Menu item  7  also has a listener  315 . The function of listener  315  is to start “Global Server Configuration Software”  340 . If a user were to select menu item  7  and hit ENTER, listener  315  would start external software module  340 . Other examples include submenu items  8 . 1  and  8 . 2  that have listeners  325  and  330 , respectively. Each of these relate to functions to be performed with configuration software  345 . 
   As described above, the listeners of menu items  6 ,  7 ,  8 . 1  and  8 . 2  show how a console menu can run independent of any specific software application or module. Even though console menu  300  is able to launch configuration software modules  335  and  340 , they may each run independently of one another. Also, the software modules (e.g., software modules  335  and  340 ) may have the ability to manipulate console menu  300  and its menu items. Such control is possible through the existence of Configuration Tool Software (hereinafter “CTS”)  305 . CTS  305  acts as an intermediary between console menu  300  and the software modules  335 ,  340 ,  345  that allows the modules that are controlled through console  300  to manipulate console menu  300  (e.g., with “returned” information). 
   In one embodiment, software module  335  has a plurality of menu items in console menu  300 . Each of these items, and their corresponding listeners, are capable of passing requests to software module  335 . Depending on the access level of the user, software module  335  may want to prevent certain menu items from being visible to the user. For example, software module  335  may communicate with CTS  305 , asking that menu items  12 - 14  (not shown) be made invisible to the current user. In this case, software module  335  would pass the entire menu structure to CTS  305 , who would then redraw console menu  300  to not display menu items  12 - 14 . In such an example, the menu items would be displayed as:  10 ,  11 ,  15 ,  16 . . . . In one embodiment, the menu structure is passed to CTS  305  as a text file. 
   In another embodiment, the listeners themselves are capable of manipulation of console menu  300  and its items. Such functionality exists to permit developers of the console menu to dynamically manipulate console menu  300  without having to edit software code and recompile the application and/or menu. For example, a developer may want to hide or display certain menus items, as done by software application  335  above. Perhaps a developer wants to hide menu items  12 - 14  as well. The developer could go through a listener who could pass the new menu structure directly to console menu  300 . 
   Lastly, a developer may wish to add menu separators to console menu  300 , through the help of a listener. Menu separators don&#39;t possess any functionality. They only act as visual aids in separating groups of menu items. A menu separator is a unique kind of submenu item that does not have any kind of a listener. 
   In another embodiment, software  335  may require its own CB configuration tool to compliment its existing GUI-based tool. Perhaps its limited interaction with console menu  300  is not enough. Software module  335  could take the entire menu structure of console menu  300  and adapt it for its specific needs (e.g., recreating the same functionality as the existing GUI-based configuration tool). All menu items could be changed to specifically apply to configuration options within software application  335 . 
   Another import aspect of creating dynamic menus is the way in which user responses are transmitted and received by listeners and software modules. First off, there is a loop that exists for the receiving of user input, generation of the console menu and display of the console menu.  FIG. 4  illustrates this process in the form of flow chart  400 . At the beginning of the looping process, the console menu is displayed  410 . All menu items that are visible appear before a user. Next, the user makes a selection  420 . The selection may be, for example, the entering of a number. In another embodiment, user selections may be the entering of alphanumeric characters instead of only numbers. As soon as the ENTER key is pressed, the response is deleted by a listener resulting in the calling of a software module. Next, any changes to be made to the console menu (e.g., as requested by the called upon software module) are generated as a text file or collection of strings  440 . The new console menu structure is pushed to the console menu where it is redrawn and displayed for user  410 , causing the loop to begin again. 
     FIG. 5  illustrates an embodiment of how different inputs are sent and received by different modules in a computing system, which has implemented dynamically generated text-based configuration menus. User  520  is presented with menu  535  which is seen through console  525 . User  520  types “ 8 ” which is passed  501  into Buffered Input Stream (hereinafter “BIS”)  530 . “ 8 ” sits in BIS  530  until user  520  hits “ENTER”. Once user  520  hits “ENTER”, the values are removed from buffer  530  and received by Listener  540 . Listener  540  passes the values  502  to Configuration Software (hereinafter “CS”)  550 . Once the values have been received, CS  550  determines it wants more data from user  520 . CS  550  passes information  503  to menu  535  requesting that menu  535  be edited to include a question that asks user  520  for more data. Menu  535  passes the new menu  504  (with the question to user  520 ) into output stream  555 , which feeds directly into console  525 . When the stream is received, console  525  builds the new menu with the data it received. The new menu is seen by user  520 . 
   In response to the question posed to user  520 , an answer to the question is passed  505  into BIS  530 . Again, as soon as user  520  hits “ENTER”, the value is removed from BIS  530  and received by menu  535 . Next, menu  535  passes the values (e.g., the answer to CS  550 &#39;s question)  506  to CS  550 . CS  550  receives the input and performs some process based on the input. In one embodiment, CS  550  passes some parameters to another (not shown) software module. Once the process performed by CS  550  has ended, CS  550  rests. In the meantime Default Listener  545  received  508  the same input passed by user  520 . Default listener  545  now passes  509  a new menu into output stream  555 . The new menu adds additional information that may be seen by user  520 . This information expands menu item  8  to include submenus  8 . 1  and  8 . 2 . Output stream  555  then passes the new menu to console  520 , where the menu us redrawn and visible by user  520 . 
   Processes taught by the discussion above may be performed with program code such as machine-executable instructions, which cause a machine (such as a “virtual machine”, a general-purpose processor disposed on a semiconductor chip or special-purpose processor disposed on a semiconductor chip) to perform certain functions. Alternatively, these functions may be performed by specific hardware components that contain hardwired logic for performing the functions, or by any combination of programmed computer components and custom hardware components. 
   An article of manufacture may be used to store program code. An article of manufacture that stores program code may be embodied as, but is not limited to, one or more memories (e.g., one or more flash memories, random access memories (static, dynamic or other)), optical disks, CD-ROMs, DVD ROMs, EPROMs, EEPROMs, magnetic or optical cards or other type of machine-readable media suitable for storing electronic instructions. Program code may also be downloaded from a remote computer (e.g., a server) to a requesting computer (e.g., a client) by way of data signals embodied in a propagation medium (e.g., via a communication link (e.g., a network connection)). 
     FIG. 6  illustrates a block diagram of a computing system  600  that can execute program code stored by an article of manufacture. It is important to recognize that the computing system block diagram of  FIG. 6  is just one of various computing system architectures. The applicable article of manufacture may include one or more fixed components (such as a hard disk drive  602  or memory  605 ) and/or various movable components such as a CD ROM  603 , a compact disc, a magnetic tape, etc. In order to execute the program code, typically instructions of the program code are loaded into the Random Access Memory (RAM)  605 ; and, the processing core  606  then executes the instructions. The processing core may include one or more processors and a memory controller function. A virtual machine or “interpreter” (e.g., a Java Virtual Machine) may run on top of the processing core (architecturally speaking) in order to convert abstract code (e.g., Java bytecode) into instructions that are understandable to the specific processor(s) of the processing core  606 . 
   It is believed that processes taught by the discussion above can be practiced within various software environments such as, for example, object-oriented and non-object-oriented programming environments, Java based environments (such as a Java 2 Enterprise Edition (J2EE) environment or environments defined by other releases of the Java standard), or other environments (e.g., a .NET environment, a Windows/NT environment each provided by Microsoft Corporation). 
   In the foregoing specification, the invention has been described with reference to specific exemplary embodiments thereof. It will, however, be evident that various modifications and changes may be made thereto without departing from the broader spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims. The specification and drawings are, accordingly, to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense.