Abstract:
In a method for the further processing of a product ( 30 ) that is preferably prefabricated in large numbers, the product has a surface ( 31 ) for an additive multi-dimensional application of material. Information for the additive multi-dimensional application of material is input into a device in which the multi-dimensional application of material is digitised from this information and is deconstructed into elements that are suitable for the additive application of the application of material to the surface ( 31 ). The prefabricated product ( 30 ) is introduced into a device (I) for additive application of the material application such that the elements for the additive multi-dimensional application of material on the surface ( 31 ) are assembled in accordance with the information using an additive manufacturing method. Because the surface is an individualising surface ( 31 ) of the prefabricated product, and because the additive application of material is a multi-dimensional individualisation that is intended and suitable for individualising the product, and because at least one of the prefabricated products is identified by the information and is provided individually with the multi-dimensional individualisation ( 32 ), a method is provided by which products that are prefabricated in relatively large numbers can be further processed, individualised or personalised to meet individual demands. The prefabricated product ( 30 ) is equipped with an associated information carrier for receiving the information for individualisation that supports the method sequence.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    The present invention claims the priority of German patent application 10 2014 220 617.0, filed on 10 Oct. 2015, the disclosure content of which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety. 
       TECHNICAL FIELD 
       [0002]    The invention relates to a method for the further processing of an at least partly prefabricated product having an individualizing surface and a prefabricated product. 
         [0003]    Within the context of this application, the term “individualizing surface” should be understood as including any desired surfaces that are also curved or shaped in three dimensions and are intended and suitable for the application of a multi-dimensional individualization. 
         [0004]    The term “individualization”, within the context of this application, should be understood to mean that a prefabricated product, such as an injection molded part as a consumer product, is singly further processed, identified and individualized to result in any prefabricated product. An individualization is applied such that an individual product is produced from a product that is prefabricated in relatively large numbers and in anonymous manner. 
       BACKGROUND 
       [0005]    As a starting point, the task repeatedly arises of individualizing, in the most diverse ways, products that have already been prefabricated in relatively large numbers, be it a semi-finished product or an article that is manufactured in any desired manner. The individualization may be a serial number, a signature or another item of personal information, but it is equally conceivable for the individualization to serve to provide the product with a protection against copying. 
         [0006]    WO 2013/154723 A1, discloses a method and a product in which insert parts are encapsulated by additive manufacturing. First, and preferably likewise additively, a base is manufactured onto or into which the subsequently embedded insert part is introduced. The method is intended for the simultaneous processing of 10 to 40 parts, wherein a UV-curing material is ejected in layers and applied in order to embed the insert part. There is no provision for individualization to result in the respective single product from a plurality of identical prefabricated products. 
         [0007]    WO 2014/005591 A1 discloses providing, on a product that is manufactured by the injection molding of plastics, a mounting surface on which a further part, subsequently detachable from this product again, is applied by additive manufacture such that individually shaped components are produced. The objective is a high degree of freedom in shaping, while at the same time producing a reliable connection between the components of the starting product and the further component that is manufactured on the mounting surface. 
         [0008]    WO 2010/071445 A1 discloses manufacturing complex parts using 3D techniques and then injection molding around them. To put it another way, a 3D printed product is taken as the basis and a surface is then applied thereto by injection molding it on as appropriate. The objective is to obtain a surface as in the case of an end product that is manufactured by injection molding, but without individualization. 
         [0009]    US 2001/0035597 A1 discloses the application of marks, including those in three dimensions, to semiconductor products by stereolithography, in order in this way to determine the position and orientation of the semiconductors during the processing procedure. 
         [0010]    An additive manufacturing method for the application of drops that are joined together is known in particular from EP 1 886 793 A1. There, a plasticizing unit that is known in the injection molding technique and which prepares, mixes and homogenizes the material is coupled to a pressurizable material reservoir. In order to produce an article on an object carrier, this material is discharged in the form of drops, via a discharge opening. Because of the adhesive forces of the material and the required small drop size, in the range of 0.01 to 0.05 mm 3 , in this case a pressure at a level of more than 10 to 100 MPa is required with high melting points. However, the plasticizing unit has the advantage that conventional injection molding materials can be used, since as a result of the preparation raw materials of this kind, which are usually free-flowing, can be put in a liquid aggregate condition. Moreover, the temperature of the material and that of the applied drops can be influenced such that an optimum connection is made between the drop and the substrate. 
       BRIEF SUMMARY 
       [0011]    Taking this prior art as a starting point, the disclosure provides a method as a result of which products that are prefabricated in relatively large numbers can be further processed, individualized or personalized to meet individual demands. Further, a prefabricated product that makes this method possible is to be provided. 
         [0012]    According to the method, the starting point is a prefabricated product that has an individualizing surface as the surface for an additive multi-dimensional application of material. Information for the additive multi-dimensional application of material is provided for the three-dimensional individualization of the product, with the result that this three-dimensional individualization can be prepared such that additive application on the individualizing surface is possible. The prefabricated product is then placed into a corresponding device for additive application of the individualization, and the multi-dimensional individualization, which has been digitally deconstructed into the various elements, such as layers, is assembled again on the individualizing surface such that the prefabricated product is individualized appropriately after this further processing procedure. This can be performed singly for each product, depending on the machine cycle. It is thus possible for a prefabricated product such as an injection molded part as a consumer product to be individually further processed, identified and individualized from a plurality of similar products. 
         [0013]    For example, a customer may specify that the prefabricated product is individualized for example with the customer&#39;s logo, signature or an image that the customer writes, copies or deposits in another suitable manner in a field in an order. This order is read in and a product that is prefabricated in relatively large numbers, for example by injection molding, is provided that has the appropriate individualizing surface. This product is then provided with the multi-dimensional individualization in a device for additive manufacturing, that is to say the individualization is applied such that an individual product is created from a product that is prefabricated in relatively large numbers and in anonymous manner. 
         [0014]    Preferably, the additive application is performed by discharging drops that are joined together. Where necessary, the prefabricated product may also itself be manufactured by an additive manufacturing method, but it may equally be a product that is manufactured for example by an injection molding procedure in which insert parts are inserted at the same time. Likewise, a holder that is used in the device for additive manufacture to hold the prefabricated product there may also itself be manufactured by this device, that is to say the information that makes it possible to manufacture a product is likewise used to create the holder. Preferably, the product itself may include this information in the form of order and processing data, for example in that there is a QR code on the prefabricated product or indeed on the individualizing surface, or an RFID component accompanies the product during the further processing procedure. 
         [0015]    For further processing of this kind for the purpose of individualization, the product is equipped with an information carrier, or an information carrier accompanies it in a holding element or region that is separable from the product. Using the information on the information carrier, the individualization is then carried out in the form of mutually connected drops. 
         [0016]    Where necessary, material in which the multi-dimensional individualization is embedded, or indeed which covers it, may be applied to the prefabricated product in further method steps. Moreover, further materials may be applied by suitable method steps such as, once again, additive manufacture, and these further individualize the prefabricated product by creating for example a particular feel that is adapted to the user. 
         [0017]    Further advantages are apparent from the sub claims and the description given below of preferred exemplary embodiments. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES 
         [0018]    The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to exemplary embodiments that are illustrated in the Figures, wherein: 
           [0019]      FIG. 1  shows a view, partly in section, of a device for additive manufacturing, 
           [0020]      FIG. 2  shows a three-dimensional illustration of an object carrier having mounted thereon a holder, in which the prefabricated product is inserted, 
           [0021]      FIG. 3 a    shows a view of a prefabricated product with an individualizing surface, 
           [0022]      FIG. 3 b    shows a view of the product according to  FIG. 3 a    with a multi-dimensional individualization applied thereto, 
           [0023]      FIG. 3 c    shows a section along line IIIc-IIIc in  FIG. 3   b,    
           [0024]      FIG. 4 a    shows an illustration according to  FIG. 3   b,    
           [0025]      FIG. 4 b    shows a section along line IVb-IVb in  FIG. 4 a   , and 
           [0026]      FIGS. 5 a , 5 b    show a prefabricated product with a covered individualization, in plan view and in section along line Vb-Vb in  FIG. 5   a.    
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0027]    The invention is now explained in more detail by way of example, with reference to the attached drawings. However, the exemplary embodiments are only examples, which are not intended to restrict the inventive concept to a particular arrangement. Before the invention is described in detail it should be pointed out that it is not restricted to the respective constituent parts of the device and the respective method steps, since these constituent parts and method may vary. The terms used here are merely intended to describe particular embodiments and are not used restrictively. Moreover, where the singular or the indefinite article is used in the description or the claims, this also refers to the plural of these elements unless the overall context unambiguously indicates otherwise. 
         [0028]    Before discussing the method sequence for further processing of prefabricated products  30  according to  FIGS. 2 to 5   b , the structure and mode of operation of a device I for manufacturing a three-dimensional article by additive manufacturing from at least one solidifiable material is first explained with reference to  FIG. 1 . The material  34  which is used in the exemplary embodiment for producing an additive multi-dimensional material application as a multi-dimensional individualization  32  is plasticized or liquefied for processing by means of a plasticizing unit. Here, a plasticizing unit that is known per se in the technique of injection molding is used, and this prepares, mixes and homogenizes the material. At the same time, the plasticizing unit generates a high pressure that is required for discharge, preferably in the form of drops, in a range of more than 10 to 100 MPa. Using the plasticizing unit that is illustrated in  FIG. 1  by the pressure-generating unit  10  and the preparation unit  11 , materials and additives that are conventional in the injection molding technique may be used, which are usually in a free-flowing starting condition and are transformed in the liquid aggregate condition by the plasticizing unit. This material preferably cures after discharge from a discharge unit  12  and hence forms the article to be manufactured, i.e. the multi-dimensional individualization  32 . In principle, curing using further agents is not required. In particular, a layer need not cure before the next layer can be applied. As a result, the materials can also be manufactured “wet on wet” with overlapping layers, that is to say drops  70  of the preceding layer may but need not yet be plasticized or undergo heat treatment such that a better connection between the layers is produced than if a layer is already fully cured before drops  70  of the next layer are applied thereto. 
         [0029]    Preferably, for this purpose drops  70  are discharged from a pressurized material reservoir  12   c , by way of the outlet opening  12   b  and in the direction of the object carrier  13  and the prefabricated product  30  there, inside a structural space  20 . As a result of the sequential discharge of drops  70  or indeed strands or threads, the multi-dimensional individualization  32  is thus produced in the structural space  20 , layer by layer, on the object carrier  13  that is movable in relation to the outlet opening  12   b  by a drive unit  16 . The material reservoir  12   b  is filled by the conveying means  26  and pressurized. The entire device is located on a machine bed  15 . It is controlled by way of a control device  60 , which, on the basis of predetermined or input information, controls the drive part  12   a  of the discharge unit  12 , the drive unit  16  for the object carrier  13 , and the pressure-generating unit  10 . 
         [0030]    Since the type of material and processing thereof are crucial to the result of the method, that is to say to the quality of the article manufactured, it is discussed in detail. The solidifiable material is a plasticized material such as silicone, or a plasticizable material such as thermoplastics or indeed materials in powder form. The material may also be a material that is reversibly meltable under heat and hence recyclable. Thus, possible materials are also conventional materials that are used in the injection molding of plastics, that is to say that there is no need to resort to expensive specialist materials. Standard materials of this kind that are known from the injection molding technique are inexpensive and at the same time available throughout the world. However, these materials are highly viscous, unlike other materials used in normal thermal printing or inkjet methods. The dynamic viscosity number of the solidifiable material is between 100 and 10 000 Pa·s, with the result that corresponding pressures of more than 10 to 100 MPa are required, in particular for obtaining small drop volumes. 
         [0031]    In practice, however, it has been found that it is precisely this procedure and the pressure that contribute to giving good results during manufacture. The material is prepared, mixed and homogenized and is discharged, preferably in drops, directly out of the material reservoir, which is at the said pressure. These discharged drops at the same time create the final geometry, that is to say they cure without further agents or cooling. As a result of pressure, processing such as that in injection molding, and discharge in drops, the drops are joined together or melted into one another, which results in an extremely firm connection between the materials. 
         [0032]      FIGS. 2 to 5   b  show the procedure with a method for further processing of an at least partly prefabricated product  30 , which in  FIGS. 2 to 4   b  is a pair of scissors and in  FIGS. 5 a , 5 b    a lens. Products of this kind may be mass-produced parts which are created for example by an injection molding procedure or another manufacturing procedure.  FIG. 2  shows a holder  40  that is arranged on an object carrier  13  formed by an X/Y carriage. Visible in the Figure is a receiving region  41  in the holder  40 , wherein the left-hand region, which is not provided with a prefabricated product  30 , is a mirror image of the right-hand region in which a pair of scissors is inserted. The background to this procedure is that a prefabricated product such as an injection molded part as a consumer product is to be singly further processed, identified and individualized. Continuing with the example of the pair of scissors, the procedure is as follows: 
         [0033]    A customer or end user specifies in an order whether a left-handed or right-handed pair of scissors is desired. Depending on this choice, the prefabricated product must in fact later be placed with the handles  30   a  in the left-hand or right-hand region of the holder  40  in  FIG. 2 . Further, the customer gives permission for the scissors to be individualized, for example with the customer&#39;s logo, signature or an image, wherein the customer writes or copies this information on three-dimensional individualization in an order or deposits it in a file or similar. This order is input, that is to say copied and digitized, such that in a preceding manufacturing procedure such as an injection molding procedure, with the metal blade parts automatically inserted individually as the insert parts  33 , a pair of scissors for left-handed or right-handed users is produced in an injection mold with appropriate shaping of the handles  30   a . As a result of this step, the handles  30   a  are connected to the insert parts. The connection of the handle  30   a  and the insert part  33  may be performed in a separate manufacturing step or indeed in the same manufacturing step as that in which the multi-dimensional individualization  32  is also produced. In this case, the handles  30   a  would be shaped by additive manufacture. 
         [0034]    After the injection molding procedure, a QR code corresponding to the order data and the actual injection molding data that have been used for the part during the automated injection molding is printed directly onto the activatable plastics material on the part, for example by means of a laser. The pair of scissors that is produced in this way may be introduced, as a prefabricated product  30 , into a device I for additive manufacturing of the multi-dimensional individualization, wherein the term “multi-dimensional manufacture” should be understood to mean three-dimensional manufacture or manufacture in which a flat element is made three-dimensional. Preferably, the customer order is retrieved there from a QR code and the associated desired individual logo is deconstructed from the order into elements by means of an algorithm, that is to say is deconstructed into layers. The pair of scissors is then laid in the holder  40  in a manner dependent on whether it has been constructed as a right-handed or left-handed pair of scissors, and in the device I is provided with the multi-dimensional individualization  32 . This multi-dimensional individualization  32 , which has previously been digitized and deconstructed into elements that are suitable for additive application of the individualization on a surface  31  as a multi-dimensional application of material, is re-constructed according to the information provided to give the multi-dimensional individualization again, that is to say the individualization  32  is created. The surface  31  is thus an individualizing surface and is designated an individualizing surface  31  below. Where necessary, the individualization produced in this way may additionally be coated in a further material  35  which is for example transparent, in that material is injected around the product for example in a further injection molding procedure. Likewise, it is possible to apply further material  37  in order to improve the pair of scissors with a transparent soft component for enhancing the ergonomics and feel. As a result of the information, at least one of the prefabricated products  30  is identified and individually provided with the multi-dimensional individualization  32 . 
         [0035]    According to  FIG. 1 , the additive application of the individualization may be performed by drops  70  that are joined to one another. The prefabricated product  30  itself may also be manufactured by an additive manufacturing method or another method such as injection molding.  FIGS. 3 a  to 3 c    make it clear that in the exemplary embodiment the pair of scissors, as the prefabricated product  30 , has the individualizing surface  31 , in which an information carrier  45  may also be arranged. The information carrier  45  may also be arranged at another location on the product, or, in a manner which is not illustrated, may also accompany the product during the manufacturing procedure, that is to say be provided separately from the product and/or be separable from the product. 
         [0036]      FIGS. 3 a  and 3 b    differ in that the multi-dimensional individualization  32  has already been applied in  FIG. 3 b   . It can be seen from  FIG. 3 c   , the sectional illustration of  3   b  along the line IIIc-IIIc, that the multi-dimensional individualization  32  is in fact applied on top. The handles  30   a  are connected to the insert parts of the scissor blades and are molded onto the latter. 
         [0037]    The multi-dimensional individualization  32  may for example be a preferably one-off pattern desired by the user and the client. This pattern may also be a three-dimensional object. In both cases, the individualization  32  is digitized and deconstructed into elements for additive manufacturing, that is to say is deconstructed into layers which are then constructed drop by drop or strand by strand by the device I for additive manufacturing of the individualization. 
         [0038]    Possible multi-dimensional individualizations  32  are in particular elements that have a predetermined geometry, and may be a serial number or a signature or an image. The multi-dimensional individualization  32  may also be a protection against copying, however, which is no longer visible on the finished product but makes it possible for the manufacturer to identify it again. For this, but not only for this purpose, the material  34  that is used for the additive application may be coded and/or electrically detectable. If a protection against copying of this kind is included in tamper-proof manner in the finished product, the result is a reliable protection against counterfeiting. 
         [0039]    According to  FIG. 5 b   , a further application of material  35  may be performed on a prefabricated product  30  such as the lens illustrated in  FIG. 5 a    such that the individualization  32  is covered by the application of material  35  in a further manufacturing step. The material applied in  FIG. 5 a    is opaque, but it may equally be transparent or semi-transparent. The further application of material  35  may be performed by injecting material around the prefabricated product  30  which is provided with the multi-dimensional individualization  32 , for example in the mold cavity of an injection mold on an injection molding machine. 
         [0040]    In order to improve the adhesive properties of the individualizing surface  31 , before the additive application of the individualization the individualizing surface may be pre-treated. This may be done by means of a laser, but a laser may also be used for annotation, in that for example a QR code that contains further information for the processing is applied. This annotation may be covered by the later multi-dimensional individualization  32 . A plasma pre-treatment of the individualizing surface is likewise possible for the purpose of improving the adhesive properties. 
         [0041]    It is also possible, for application of the multi-dimensional individualization  32 , for the holder  40  for the prefabricated product  30  to be manufactured on the device I for additive application in a step before the individualization, wherein the holder  40  is then adapted to the prevailing kinematics of the device I. 
         [0042]    Preferably, the prefabricated product  30  itself includes the information for individualization in the form of order and processing data, in that either a corresponding QR code is mounted thereon or an RFID component is provided on the product or accompanies the product. The device I for additive application of the multi-dimensional individualization  32  identifies the prefabricated product  30  on the basis of this included information and processes it further accordingly. 
         [0043]    According to  FIG. 2 a   , the prefabricated product  30  has the individualizing surface  31  and, in the exemplary embodiment, is provided with an information carrier  45  that is associated with the prefabricated product  30 , for receiving information for individualization of the prefabricated product. The information carrier  45  and the prefabricated product are conveyable together, at least during the manufacturing procedure. In  FIG. 2 a   , this information carrier  45  is located on the individualizing surface  31  and is later covered by the multi-dimensional individualization  32 . However, it may also be at any other location on or in the vicinity of the prefabricated product  30  and pass through the manufacturing sequence together with the prefabricated product. Based on the included information, the multi-dimensional individualization  32  is produced on the individualizing surface  31  in the form of mutually connected drops  70 , as is also visible from the finished product. 
         [0044]    The prefabricated product is preferably an injection molded part, in particular having insert parts  33  as visible in  FIGS. 2 a  to 4 b   . The multi-dimensional individualization is a for example one-off pattern or a three-dimensional object and includes at least one of the elements in the group comprising a predetermined geometry, a serial number, a signature, an image or a protection against copying. Preferably, the material  34  used for the multi-dimensional individualization  32  is coded and/or electrically detectable. The multi-dimensional individualization  32  may be coated with a further application of material  35  which is preferably transparent, semi-transparent or opaque. The prefabricated product may have further materials  37  for individual adaptation to the user. This material  37  is suitable for producing for example elastic surfaces or surfaces with a pleasant surface feel. 
         [0045]    In principle, it is also possible to apply different materials, in order for example to produce prints of different colors or different degrees of hardness in a multi-dimensional individualization  32  using two components or a plurality of components. Individualization may be performed on a labelling field that has already been annotated by the laser. 
         [0046]    It goes without saying that this description may be subject to the broadest possible variety of modifications, changes and adjustments which are within the range of equivalents to the attached claims.