Abstract:
A transmission cable comprises a conductive strand surrounded by an insulating casing. The conductive strand includes an inner core of a ferromagnetic material, a highly conductive metal skin disposed about the inner core, and a tinning disposed there between the highly conductive metal and the inner core.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    Not Applicable 
       STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH 
       [0002]    Not Applicable 
       FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0003]    This invention relates to a low resistance conducting cable that would reduce energy losses inherent in many power grids. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0004]    Though estimates vary, power grids lose a substantial percentage of the electrical energy they carry. Energy conservation is of great importance as it reduces the amount of fossil fuels used and lessens dependence on imported oil. While progress has been made in creating more efficient transformers, there has been less progress made in designing truly efficient conductors. Aluminum conductors may waste energy in the transmission of AC power largely because of resistance which creates Joule heat and electromagnetic field emission losses. They also require the use of transformers over distances to “boost” the voltage creating further energy losses. There is a need for a conductor that more efficiently transfers electrical energy over long distances. 
         [0005]    The instant invention as disclosed within this application, provides a conducting cable that fills this need. The art referred to and/or described within this application is not intended to constitute an admission that any patent, publication or other information referred to herein is “prior art” with respect to this invention. In addition, this section should not be construed to mean that a search has been made or that no other pertinent information as defined in 37 C.F.R. §1.56(a) exists. 
         [0006]    All US patents and applications and all other published documents mentioned anywhere in this application are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. 
         [0007]    Without limiting the scope of the invention a brief summary of some of the claimed embodiments of the invention is set forth below. Additional details of the summarized embodiments of the invention and/or additional embodiments of the invention may be found in the Detailed Description of the Invention below. 
         [0008]    A brief abstract of the technical disclosure in the specification is provided as well only for the purposes of complying with 37 C.F.R.1.72. The abstract is not intended to be used for interpreting the scope of the claims. 
       BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0009]    In at least one embodiment, a transmission cable comprises at least one conductive strand surrounded by an insulating casing. The conductive strand(s) may include an inner core of a ferromagnetic material, a highly conductive metal skin disposed about the inner core, and a tinning disposed there between the highly conductive metal and the inner core. The tinning may act to diminish bimetallic conflict or corrosion that might be present between the inner core and the conductive skin. 
         [0010]    In at least one embodiment the materials of the inner core and the metal skin are designed for exposure to an electrolyte. 
         [0011]    In at least one embodiment, the metal skin is comprised substantially of copper. 
         [0012]    In at least one embodiment, the ferromagnetic material comprises iron. In at least one embodiment, the ferromagnetic material is steel. In at least one embodiment, the ferromagnetic material is a stainless steel. In at least one embodiment, the ferromagnetic material is galvanized. In at least one embodiment, the insulating casing is a plastic. In at least one embodiment, the insulating casing is a polyethylene. In at least one embodiment, the transmission cable has tinning on the inner core. In at least one embodiment, the tinning is formed through hot-dipping the inner core in tin. In at least one embodiment the tinning is plated on the metal skin. 
         [0013]    These and other embodiments which characterize the invention are pointed out with particularity in the claims annexed hereto and forming a part hereof. However, for further understanding of the invention, its advantages and objectives obtained by its use, reference should be made to the drawings which form a further part hereof and the accompanying descriptive matter, in which there is illustrated and described embodiments of the invention. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWING(S) 
         [0014]    A detailed description of the invention is hereafter described with specific reference being made to the drawings. 
           [0015]      FIG. 1  is a perspective view of an inventive cable having a casing. 
           [0016]      FIG. 2  is a cross-sectional view of an inventive cable having at least one strand extending therefrom. 
           [0017]      FIGS. 3   a - d  are cross-sectional views of the core illustrating the fibers disposed within an embodied core. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0018]    While this invention may be embodied in many different forms, there are described in detail herein specific preferred embodiments of the invention. This description is an exemplification of the principles of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments illustrated. 
         [0019]    For purposes of just this patent application the following terms are defined. The term “radially” refers to the position in cross-section from the center point of the cable, strand, and/or fiber. Thus if two items are “radially aligned” they are the same distance from the center point. The term “longitudinally” refers to the direction that is substantially normal to the cross-section of the cable, strand, and/or fiber at any given point. Thus if two items are “longitudinally aligned” there exists a cross-section of the cable, strand, and/or fiber that exposes both of the two items. The term “circumferentially” refers to the cross-sectional position in degrees about the center of the cable, strand, and/or fiber. Thus if two items are “circumferentially aligned” there exists a line extending from the cross-sectional center of the cable, strand, and/or fiber that passes through both of the two items. 
         [0020]    In  FIG. 1  an embodied cable  10  is shown. The cable  10  includes a casing  20  disposed about a plurality of strands  30 . The casing may protect the strands from external elements that could corrode the strands  30 . The casing may also act to maintain the physical integrity of the plurality of strands  30 . In some embodiments no casing is used. In some embodiments, the plurality of strands is replaced with a single strand. In some embodiments the strands are braided together. In some embodiments the strands are substantially parallel to one another along their length. 
         [0021]    As shown in  FIG. 2  each strand  30  includes a core portion  40  and an outer portion  50 . The core portion  40  and the outer portion  50  may be separated from one another by a separating layer  60 . In some embodiments the separating layer reduces bimetallic conflict, galvanic conflict, and/or galvanic corrosion. The separating layer may be a tubular member disposed about the core portion  40 . In some embodiments, the separating layer  60  may be a sleeve that fits over the core portion  40 . In some embodiments, the separating layer  60  may be a material plated on the outside of the core portion  40  and/or the inside of the outer portion  50 . In some embodiments there is no separating layer and the outer layer  50  is disposed directly onto the core portion  40 . In some embodiments, the separating layer is a semi-metal. It should also be pointed out that in some embodiments different metals than those within the text may be used in order to minimize and/or eliminate bi-metallic conflict/galvanic corrosion. Below is a table that provides some metals and their alloys indicating whether there is a risk of conflict/corrosion with various other metals. This table may be used as a reference in selecting metals for the core portion  40 , the outer portion  50 , and the separating layer (if desired or needed). Applicant recognizes this is not a complete listing and also recognizes the potential for errors in the chart, thus neither an error nor an omission in any way should be viewed as teaching away from any contacting metals. Similar information may be found in “Guides to good practice in Corrosion Control, Bi-metallic corrosion” prepared by Dr. R. Francis of Weir Materials and Foundries under contract of NPL (National Physical Laboratory) for the Department of Trade and Industry. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 1 
               
             
             
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Contact Metal 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Nickel- 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Chrome_Mo 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Alloys 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Titanium, 
               
               
                   
                 Mag- 
                   
                 Alu- 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 silver, 
               
               
                   
                 ne- 
                   
                 min- 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 graphite 
               
               
                   
                 sium 
                 Zinc 
                 ium 
                 Cad- 
                   
                   
                 Stain- 
                 Lead, 
                   
                 Brasses, 
                   
                 Bronzes, 
                 Nickel 
                 Graphite, 
               
               
                   
                 &amp; 
                 &amp; 
                 &amp; 
                 mi- 
                 Steel- 
                 Cast 
                 less 
                 tin and 
                   
                 nickel 
                   
                 cupro- 
                 copper 
                 gold, 
               
               
                 Metal Corroding 
                 alloys 
                 alloys 
                 alloys 
                 um 
                 carbon 
                 iron 
                 steels 
                 alloys 
                 Nickel 
                 silvers 
                 Copper 
                 nickels 
                 alloys 
                 platinum 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Magnesium &amp; alloys 
                   
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
               
               
                 Zinc &amp; alloys 
                   
                   
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
               
               
                 Aluminium &amp; alloys 
                   
                   
                   
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
               
               
                 Cadmium 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
               
               
                 Steel-carbon 
                   
                   
                   
                 X 
                   
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
               
               
                 Cast iron 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 X 
                   
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
               
               
                 Stainless steels 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 X 
                 X 
                   
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
               
               
                 Lead, tin and alloys 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 X 
                   
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
               
               
                 Nickel 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
               
               
                 Brasses, nickel silvers 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
                   
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
               
               
                 Copper 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
                   
                   
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
               
               
                 Bronzes, cupro-nickels 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 X 
                 X 
               
               
                 Nickel copper alloys 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 X 
               
               
                 Nickel-Chrome-Mo 
               
               
                 Alloys 
               
               
                 Titanium, silver, 
               
               
                 graphite 
               
               
                 Graphite, gold, 
               
               
                 platinum 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 X = Galvanic Corrosion Risk 
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0022]    Looking again at  FIG. 2 , the core portion  40  may include a ferromagnetic material. In some embodiments the core portion  40  has a soft iron portion. In some embodiments, as illustrated in  FIGS. 3   a - 3   d , strands or fibers  60  may be included in the core. These strands/fibers  60  in some embodiments may be used to provide structure and/or flexibility. The strands may extend for the length of the core portion  40  as shown by the single fiber  60  of  FIG. 3   a . Multiple strands/fibers  60  that extend for the length of the core portion  40  may also be used. In some embodiments, multiple strands/fibers  60  extend intermittently as shown in  FIG. 3   c ; in some embodiments the fibers  60  overlap longitudinally with other fibers  60  as shown in  FIG. 3   b . The fibers  60  may be of different lengths. In  FIG. 3   d  the core  40  has fibers of different length. The fibers  60  in  FIGS. 3   a - d  may be aligned radially or offset radially. In some embodiments some of the fibers  60  are aligned radially while some are offset radially. The multiple fibers  60  in some embodiment will include those that are radially offset with some fibers and radially offset with other fibers as well as longitudinally aligned and offset with some fibers. 
         [0023]    In at least some of the embodiments the outer portion  50  of the embodied cable  10  carries greater than 50% of the electric current through cable  10 . This may be due at least in part to the “cage effect”. The cage effect occurs when electrical energy transfers through a cable by passing through and/or around the outer portion of a wire strand. The outer portion  50  in some embodiments is up to about 25% of the radius of the cable  10 . In some embodiments the outer portion is between about 25% and 50% of the radius of the cable  10 . In some embodiments the outer portion  50  is between 50% and 90% of the radius of the cable  10 . In some embodiments the outer portion  50  of the embodied cable  10  carries greater than 80% of the electric current through cable  10 . In some embodiments the outer portion  50  of the embodied cable  10  carries less than 50% of the electric current through cable  10 . 
         [0024]    In some embodiments the magnetic field produced within and/or around the wire and core portion  40  may improve the conductivity of the wire as a whole. In some embodiments this may improve the conductivity of the core portion  40  and/or the outer portion  50 . In some embodiments the magnetic field aligning the iron molecules within the core portion  40  may improve the conductivity of the core portion  40  and/or outer portion  50 . 
         [0025]    In some embodiments, an energy system includes at least one of the embodied cables attached to at least one transformer. 
         [0026]    The above disclosure is intended to be illustrative and not exhaustive. This description will suggest many variations and alternatives to one of ordinary skill in this art. The various elements shown in the individual figures and described above may be combined or modified for combination as desired. All these alternatives and variations are intended to be included within the scope of the claims where the term “comprising” means “including, but not limited to”. 
         [0027]    Further, the particular features presented in the dependent claims can be combined with each other in other manners within the scope of the invention such that the invention should be recognized as also specifically directed to other embodiments having any other possible combination of the features of the dependent claims. For instance, for purposes of claim publication, any dependent claim which follows should be taken as alternatively written in a multiple dependent form from all prior claims which possess all antecedents referenced in such dependent claim if such multiple dependent format is an accepted format within the jurisdiction (e.g. each claim depending directly from claim  1  should be alternatively taken as depending from all previous claims). In jurisdictions where multiple dependent claim formats are restricted, the following dependent claims should each be also taken as alternatively written in each singly dependent claim format which creates a dependency from a prior antecedent-possessing claim other than the specific claim listed in such dependent claim below. 
         [0028]    This completes the description of the preferred and alternate embodiments of the invention. Those skilled in the art may recognize other equivalents to the specific embodiment described herein which equivalents are intended to be encompassed by the claims attached hereto.