Abstract:
A mobility device including multiple levels at different heights, beginning with a first level at substantially 4 to 6 inches from a floor surface, and with every subsequent level substantially 4 to 6 inches above the last level, and including a surface on the levels for a user to pull themselves onto, one level at a time, until the user is at a height by which they may either sit on a chair or regain their footing.

Description:
FIELD 
       [0001]    The subject technology generally relates to personal dignity and therapy devices and methods, and specifically relates to physical therapy and/or training devices and methods for enabling a fallen person to regain a sitting or standing position using an up-from-floor-device (“UFFD”). 
       BACKGROUND 
       [0002]    Injured, frail, or elderly persons often find themselves at the mercy of other people for providing their care, and particularly so when they have fallen to the ground and cannot get back up, whether to a sitting position or to their feet. Such situations not only potentially take away personal dignity, but may also pose a risk to those coming to the aid of the fallen person, and may lead to caregiver back, knee, or similar injuries. Moreover, in an attempt to help those that have fallen down, caregivers can inadvertently hurt those they are trying to help, for instance when a wheelchair rolls away unexpectedly or when a caregiver suffers an injury of their own (i.e., as when a back or knee gives out) causing them to drop the person they are intending to help. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0003]    The subject technology overcomes the previous problems by providing injured, frail, or elderly persons with the ability to raise themselves to a sitting and/or standing position with or without the help of a caregiver. The subject technology also provides a training system by which people may undergo therapy to relearn or to learn better how to reach a sitting or standing position from the floor. Herein, the subject technology is generally termed an “Up From Floor Device,” or UFFD, and individual embodiments of a UFFD may include all of the elements of the claims and written description as provided herein, or a portion or portions of the element(s) of the claims and written description as provided herein. 
         [0004]    In accordance with the subject technology, an UFFD is provided with multiple levels at different heights, each within substantially 4 to 6 inches of vertical distance of each other, and with each level being substantially 26 to 30 inches in length and 10 to 12 inches in depth. Each level is substantially parallel to a reference plane established by a floor surface, and may be configured to tilt in a controlled fashion to within 30 degrees of the reference plane. In addition to a device, the subject technology also includes a method whereby a user utilizes a handle or grip at each level for pulling their persons onto each level, one level at a time, until they have reached a height whereby they may then reach a sitting or standing position. 
         [0005]    Additional features and advantages of the subject technology will be set forth in the description below, and in part will be apparent from the description, or may be learned by practice of the subject technology. The advantages of the subject technology will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof, as well as the appended drawings. 
         [0006]    It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory and are intended to provide further explanation of the subject technology as claimed. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0007]    The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide further understanding of the subject technology and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate aspects of the subject technology and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the subject technology. The features and nature of the present disclosure will become more apparent from the detailed description set forth below when taken in conjunction with the drawings in which like reference characters identify correspondingly throughout and wherein: 
           [0008]      FIG. 1  is a side view of an exemplary UFFD  100 . 
           [0009]      FIG. 2  is a schematic side view of an exemplary UFFD  100 . 
           [0010]      FIG. 3  is a front view of an exemplary UFFD  100 . 
           [0011]      FIG. 4  is an illustration showing a manner or method of use of an exemplary UFFD  100 . 
           [0012]      FIG. 5  is an illustration of a manner or method of use of an exemplary UFFD  100 . 
           [0013]      FIG. 6  is an illustration of a manner or method of use of an exemplary UFFD  100 . 
           [0014]      FIG. 7  is an illustration of a manner or method of use of an exemplary UFFD  100 . 
           [0015]      FIG. 8  is an illustration of a manner or method of use of an exemplary UFFD  100 . 
           [0016]      FIG. 9  is an illustration showing a potential distance between a first level and a second level of an exemplary UFFD  100 , and a potential distance between a floor surface and a first level of an exemplary UFFD  100 . 
           [0017]      FIG. 10  is an illustration a rear view of an exemplary UFFD  100 . 
           [0018]      FIG. 11  is a side view of an exemplary UFFD  100  being transported by a user. 
           [0019]      FIG. 12  is a side view of an exemplary UFFD  100  with levels configured to tilt to within 30 degrees of a reference plane that is parallel to a floor surface; 
           [0020]      FIG. 13  is a side view of a male and female connection for connecting a chair to an exemplary UFFD  100 ; 
           [0021]      FIG. 14  is a side view of an exemplary UFFD  100  with a folding leg chair; 
           [0022]      FIG. 15  is side view of an exemplary UFFD  100  attached to a wheelchair; and 
           [0023]      FIG. 16  is a graph showing the length-tension properties of muscle. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0024]    In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth to provide a full understanding of the subject technology. It will be obvious, however, to one ordinarily skilled in the art that the subject technology may be practiced without some of these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and techniques have not been shown in detail so as not to obscure the subject technology. 
         [0025]      FIG. 1  a side view of an exemplary UFFD  100 . As shown in the Figure, the UFFD comprises a first level  101 , a second level  102 , and third level  103 , a support structure  104 , a chair  105 , and an attachment connection  120 . In various embodiments of the subject technology, the chair  105  may be a wheelchair, a bench, a waiting room chair, or any other seating device. Furthermore, some embodiments of the subject technology may be practiced and utilized without a chair  105 . Although shown as including three levels  101 ,  102 , and  103 , UFFD  100  may include as few as one or two levels, or multiples of levels in excess of three. 
         [0026]    All of first level  101 , second level  102 , and third level  103  are substantially 26 to 30 inches in length, and 10 to 12 inches in width/depth. One of ordinary skill in the art recognizes that the terms “length, width, and depth” and similar descriptors provide a frame of reference from a particular point of view, and that from a different point of view, different terms might be used. That is, “length,” “width,” and “depth” are all a matter of perception. For instance, “depth” can be used to describe “width,” with the term changing merely upon a point of reference. Given this, these terms are meant to be used interchangeably, as would be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. 
         [0027]    First level  101 , second level  102 , and third level  103  may be of various lengths and widths based upon implementation. For instance, an UFFD for a small child or adult would require less surface area, whereas an UFFD for a large adult would require more surface area. In some embodiments, a top surface of at least one of levels  101 ,  102 , and/or  103  may be covered with a non-slip surface and/or may include padding for a user&#39;s extremities for comfort during use. Pressure relief pads (such as shown as element  113  in  FIG. 12 ) may be configured across lateral horizontal surfaces of the first level  101 , the second level  102 , and/or the third level  103 . Pressure relief pads may be utilized as an alternative and/or in addition to hand grips when a patient in unable to bear weight through their hands (such as in the case of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, a healing wrist fracture, or hand/wrist pathology). In such instances, patients/users may need to push themselves up using their elbows and/or forearms, such as shown in  FIG. 5  with the user&#39;s right elbow. 
         [0028]    Levels  101 ,  102 , and  103 , and support structure  104  may be a carbon composite, foam, metal, wood, plastic, or fiberglass, or any combination of these or other structural materials. In certain embodiments, support structure  104  may be configured to support up to 400 pounds in weight as spread across a surface area of the individual levels  101 ,  102 , and/or  103 . 
         [0029]    As shown in  FIG. 1 , the support structure  104  in an exemplary embodiment may comprise a wooden structure with cross members, rails, and standing posts, as necessary, to support levels  101 ,  102 , and/or  103  for the expected weight of a use. For instance, for a small child support structure  104  may support a weight of up to 100 pounds, while as for a large adult support structure  104  may support a weight of up to 400 pounds. Also as shown in  FIG. 1 , the leading edge of each of levels  101 ,  102 , and  103  is curved to less than 90 degrees, thereby causing far less shear force against a user&#39;s body as they manipulate themselves up each level  101 ,  102 , and  103 . UFFD  100  also includes attachment connection  120 . Attachment connection  120  may be a band or loop of metal or other material such as Velcro, or leather straps with a buckle that connects chair  105  to the UFFD  100 , preventing chair  105  from movement during use of the UFFD  100 . Attachment connection  120  may alternatively be a male and female connector that locks in place when connection is desired, or another form of connection. 
         [0030]      FIG. 2  is a side view of an exemplary UFFD  100 , wherein example vertical dimensions are shown. As depicted, a user  107  may have fallen and may be in need of getting up from the floor. User  107  makes his way to the first level  101  that is approximately 4.5 inches in vertical height from floor surface  108 . Level  101  is supported by support structure  104 . User  107  pulls their person adjacent to level  101 , and then by utilizing handle or grip  106 , user  107  is able to pull their person onto level  101 . 
         [0031]    Once upon level  101 , user  107  is able pull their person onto level  102 . Level  102  is substantially a mere 4.5 inches difference in height from level  101 , and is a total of substantially 9 inches from the floor surface  108 . Utilizing handle or grip  106 , user  107  is able to pull their person onto level  102 . 
         [0032]    Once upon level  102 , user  107  is able to pull their person onto level  103 . Level  103  is substantially a mere 4.5 inches difference in height from level  102 , and is a total of substantially 13.5 inches from the floor surface  108 . Utilizing handle or grip  106 , user  107  is able to pull their person onto level  103 . 
         [0033]    Once upon level  103 , user  107  is able to pull their person onto chair  105 . Chair  105  may be any vertical distance from floor surface  108 , but preferably is approximately 15 or more inches in vertical distance from floor surface  108 . Chair  105  may be permanently or detachably connected to support structure  104  adjacent to third level  103 . A permanent attachment might include a weld, a bolt, or similar configuration, and a detachable connection may also include a bolt or a quick turn release with male and female members, as one of skill in the art would comprehend. As noted above, chair  105  may be a wheelchair or other chair. As shown in  FIG. 2 , chair  105  may be 18 inches in distance from floor surface  108 , but also as noted above, the vertical distance may be essentially anything 15 inches or greater, depending upon implementation and the height of an expected user. This same rule applies to vertical height of individual levels ( 101 ,  102 , and/or  103 ) in relation to an expected user&#39;s size. That is, people of different sizes may utilize differently sized UFFDs based upon individual characteristics. 
         [0034]      FIG. 3  is a front view of an example UFFD. As shown in  FIG. 3 , UFFD  100  comprises a first level  101 , a second level  102 , a third level  103 , a support structure  104 , and a chair  105 . First level  101  is substantially 26-30 inches in length and is 10-12 inches in width/depth. Chair  105  is simply adjacent and higher than third level  103 , and in the example shown is kept in place by one of the above-described connection attachment devices. 
         [0035]      FIG. 4  is a side view of a manner/method of use for an example UFFD. As shown in  FIG. 4 , a user  107  is starting from the floor surface and has grasped a hand grip comprising the front edge of level  101  that is substantially 4.5 inches above the floor surface. User  107  is utilizing arm muscles to move her person up and onto level  101 . Also shown in  FIG. 4  are levels  102  and  103 , and support structure  104 . A patient/user may utilize one or more lower extremities (such as legs) in conjunction with the upper extremities (such as hands and elbows) and arm muscles to assist themselves up to chair level using the UFFD  100 . 
         [0036]      FIG. 5  is a front view of a manner/method of use for an example UFFD. A shown in  FIG. 5 , a user  107  uses a left arm to brace and pivot from a hand hold on a grip or handle of the first level  101 , while using a right forearm to position herself for mounting her body onto first level  101 . Also shown in  FIG. 5  are levels  102  and  103 . 
         [0037]      FIG. 6  is a side view of a manner/method of use for an example UFFD. As shown in  FIG. 6 , a user  107  has made her way onto level  101  and is now proceeding to grasp a handle/hand grip  106  on level  102  so that she may maneuver and pull her body up onto level  102 . Also shown in  FIG. 6  is level  103 . 
         [0038]      FIG. 7  is a side view of a manner/method of use for an example UFFD. As shown in  FIG. 7 , a user  107  has made her way onto level  103  (by having grasped a handle or hand grip  106  and by pulling her body onto level  103 ) and is now utilizing both of her arms and feet to maneuver her body into position so that she may mount chair  105 . Also shown in  FIG. 7  are support structure  104  and level  102 . 
         [0039]      FIG. 8  is a side view of another manner/method of use for an example UFFD. As shown in  FIG. 8 , UFFD  100  comprises a first level  101 , a second level  102 , a third level  103 , and a chair  105 . Also shown in  FIG. 8  is user  107 . User  107  has frontally mounted the UFFD  100  using both of her arms at the second level  102  to allow her knees to be moved from the floor surface to the first level  101 . This method of use may be utilized both for teaching persons how to get up from the floor, and also to retrain the neural pathways for particular patterns of movement. When using the UFFD  100  as a therapeutic device (such as in a rehabilitation clinic) a patient/user would strengthen their upper and lower extremities by weight bearing and stabilization. A patient would develop trunk control and stability by training in the quadruped position (such as on all four extremities, as shown in  FIG. 8 ). Through repetition, a patient/user develops motor control, strength, joint stability, and the confidence to get up from the floor level with less assistance from a caregiver than without using the UFFD  100 . The UFFD concept was conceived due to repeated concerns expressed by patients, over 18 years of clinical practice, with no device to accomplish assisting people up from the floor, even after searching rehabilitation catalogs, the Internet, and other sources. 
         [0040]      FIG. 9  illustrates an embodiment of a UFFD  100  where the vertical distance, d 1 , from the first level  101  to the second level  102  is substantially 4.5 inches. Also shown is the vertical distance, d 2 , from the floor surface  108  to the first level  101 , being substantially 6 inches. As noted herein, exact vertical distances are not overly important, so long as individual vertical distances are substantially 4 to 6 inches, and are less than the vertical distance of a typical staircase step of substantially 8 inches or more. The inventor has discovered that 8 inches or more makes moving between different levels extremely difficult and/or uncomfortable for most semi-ambulatory individuals. The inventor possesses greater than 18 years of clinical experience, and has found that the standard height of steps or stools (typically being 8 inches) is simply too difficult for individuals to negotiate by themselves. Trial and error resulted in the finding that substantially 4.5 inch increments was the preferred distance between levels  101 ,  102 , and  103 , as well as between the floor and level  101 . Note that the UFFD  100  is not intended to be ambulated upon (that is, to bear the initial weight of a person through the plantar surface of a foot). 
         [0041]      FIG. 10  is a rear view illustration of an exemplary UFFD  100 . As shown in the Figure, UFFD  100  comprises multiple levels (although only level  103  is showing due to the angle of the illustration). UFFD  100  also comprises support structure  104 , and wheels  109 . As shown in conjunction with  FIG. 11 , the wheels  109  permit a user  107  to pull UFFD  100  with ease by lifting the UFFD  100  using a handle  106  so that the wheels engage a floor surface  108 .  FIG. 11  also depicts UFFD  100  as comprising levels  101 ,  102 , and  103 , as well as support structure  104 . In certain embodiments, the wheels  109  may be configured to retract based upon a certain weight (e.g., 25 pounds) so that the UFFD remains stationary when being used. 
         [0042]      FIG. 12  is an illustration depicting an exemplary UFFD  100 . A shown in  FIG. 12 , the UFFD  100  comprises a first level  101 , a second level  102 , and a third level  103 . Each of levels  101  through  103  are attached to the UFFD through support structure  104 . Support structure  104 , in the example shown in  FIG. 12 , comprises a hydraulic telescoping support arm  116  that is configured to extend and contract in length via control signals from controller and memory  110  and  111 . While shown as hydraulic telescoping support arms  116 , support structure  104  may include other implementations, such as electronic motors that extend and contract support arms, or through other implementation as one of skill in the art would understand. 
         [0043]    Actuators  112  actuate and manipulate both the hydraulic telescoping support arm  116  and rotating tilt devices  115 . Rotating tilt devices  115  (three are shown in  FIG. 12 ) are attached to structure support arms  115   b  that hold levels  101 ,  102 , and  103  in position. Rotating tilt devices  115  rotate in such a manner as to make rotation arms  115   a  repetitively push and pull a respective level, so that the level is configured to tilt to within a range of 0 degrees to thirty degrees difference in relation to a reference plan that is parallel to the floor surface  108 . Both of structure support arms  115   b  and rotation arms  115   a  are hinged connectors at rotating tilt devices  115  and at each of the levels  101 ,  102 , and  103 , to provide the ability for the levels to tilt upon command from controller  110  as implemented by actuators  112 . 
         [0044]    Actuators  112  are also configured to rotate each of the support structures  104  based on a control signal from controller  110 , so that one or more of levels  101 ,  102 , and/or  103  experience horizontal movement. In this fashion, each of levels  101 ,  102 , and/or  103  may be manipulated for both vertical and horizontal displacement based upon a particular implementation of the UFFD  100 . 
         [0045]      FIG. 12  also depicts handles  106  attached to each of levels  101 ,  102 , and  103 , and to the front of the UFFD itself. Handles  106  may be pivotally, flush, and/or telescopically mounted to the UFFD  100 . Also shown in  FIG. 12  are rounded leading edges  114  and pressure relief pads  113  for each of levels  101 ,  102 , and  103 , for a user&#39;s comfort and ease of use. Pressure relief pads  113  may be gel pads or rubber pads, or any suitable similar material. 
         [0046]      FIG. 13  is a zoom view of an exemplary connection between UFFD  100  and a chair (for instance, chair  105  shown in  FIG. 1  or wheelchair  150  shown in  FIG. 15 ). As shown in  FIG. 13 , the UFFD  100  comprises male member  130 , while a respective chair includes female member  132  connected to structural support member  134 . Structural support member  134  is attached to a main weight and/or stress bearing portion of a chair or wheelchair. Male member  130  acts as a guide for female member  132 , so that as the two are brought together, they mate and allow the chair to be positioned properly against the UFFD  100 . Once properly positioned, the male member  130  may be held in place with a pin (not shown) or a threaded device such as a set screw or with other implementation. 
         [0047]      FIG. 14  is a side view of an exemplary UFFD  100  including a chair  140 , with a folding leg  142 . As shown in  FIG. 14 , chair  140  attaches to the UFFD  100 , such as through the male and female connection described in  FIG. 13 . For example, the seat of chair  140  connects to the up-most level of the UFFD  100  using a male and female connector, or other attachment means. Leg  142  is configured to fold potentially frontwards, backwards, or sideways, and into a plurality of segments. When chair  140  is intended to be used by a user, leg  142  is folded down to support the user&#39;s weight. When the UFFD  100  is intended to be repositioned or moved around, folding leg  142  is folded up, thereby allowing a user to lift up on the front of the UFFD  100 , thereby engaging wheel  109  (such as is shown in  FIG. 11 ) and allowing the UFFD  100  to be repositioned or moved with ease. Chair  140  may also be hinged in its attachment to UFFD  100 , such that the chair is configured to hinge in a folding position (with the backrest of the chair hinging/folding to the seat, and the seat hinging to rest upon the top of level  103 . In such an exemplary embodiment, chair  140  is also therefore configured to hinge into an unfolded position such as is shown in  FIG. 14 . 
         [0048]      FIG. 15  is a side view of an exemplary UFFD  100 , including a wheelchair  150 , and a connection piece  152 . As shown in  FIG. 15 , connection piece  152  connects wheelchair  150  to the UFFD  100 . Connection piece  152  may attach wheelchair  150  to the UFFD  100  using the male and female connection described above in relation to  FIGS. 13 and 14 , or may use other connection means such as a ball at the end of a rod that fits into a ball-receiving socket at the front of wheelchair  150 , much like a trailer hitch or similar connection device. Other connection devices may be implemented, such as the connection attachment  120  shown in  FIG. 1 . 
         [0049]    The inventor, as a registered Physical Therapist, has found that there are very significant differences between the UFFD and regular steps, or other devices. The inventor&#39;s vast experience and past work in Healthcare, Body Mechanic training, Ergonomics training, as well as through learned experience, and education, support the fact that the UFFD is significantly different from regular steps, or other devices. 
         [0050]    In regards to Ergonomics, Work Related Repetitive Stress Disorders, and Body Mechanics the inventor cites “Public Health &amp; Preventive Medicine-15th Edition (2008): 
         [0051]    “Musculoskeletal disorders are a leading cause of worker impairment, lost work, and compensation.” As a physical therapist it is the inventor&#39;s professional assessment that any nurse, nursing assistant, therapist, or caregiver using the UFFD would be much less likely to injure themselves assisting a patient with a 4.5 inch lift than the greater heights found with regular steps or other devices. 
         [0052]    Actual users of other devices or regular steps give cause for alarm, from the inventor&#39;s professional perspective. Individuals may have to grasp handles behind themselves with other devices or with regular steps, thereby placing their shoulders in an “end range” joint position. Placing a joint such as the shoulder in an end range position places the muscles in a mechanically disadvantaged position, thereby predisposing an individual to potential Rotator cuff strain or Rotator cuff tear. Wrist use on other devices is also problematic, in that wrists are placed in an extreme extension position, unnecessarily stressing another part of the user&#39;s body. 
         [0053]      FIG. 16  is a graph showing the length-tension properties of muscle, as a force/tension curve. As shown by the curve in  FIG. 16 , a muscle derives its force comes from two sources: (1) Active tension derived from the interaction between myosin and actin active tension; and (2) Passive tension that can develop in the muscle&#39;s complex connective tissue. Length-tension curves appear in other forms, including force-angle curves and stress-strain curves. All the curves share the same characteristic shape, because the variables graphed on the x and y axes are just scaled versions of length and force. Stress-strain curves: Stress, a measure of force per area, replaces force on the y-axis. Strain, an expression of the percentage of elongation beyond resting length, replaces absolute length on the x-axis. Force-angle curves: Joint angle replaces length as the x-axis variable. To use a flexor muscle group as an example, flexors are short when the joint is flexed and elongated when the joint is extended. Moment-angle curves: As long as a muscle&#39;s moment arm is relatively constant throughout the range of motion of the joint that the muscle crosses, then the muscle&#39;s moment-angle curve has a shape that is similar to that of its force-angle curve. 
         [0054]    By observing this length-tension curve one can see that a muscle is strongest in its mid range and weakest when positioned in very short or terminal end range. The UFFD  100 &#39;s intentionally designed features allow individuals to work in a mid range where they are the strongest and less likely to injure themselves. Using other devices or regular stairs, persons can be observed struggling to reach handles/steps high behind them, or even attempting to use their elbows to propel themselves up. In contrast, the UFFD  100  has intentional design features that allow the use of an elbow in a comfortable mid-range of joint motion. 
         [0055]    It is imperative that an assist device minimize strain to any joint or tissue. As cited in Public Health &amp; Preventive Med (15th ed. 2008), “[a]s long as demands are kept within reasonable limits, performance will be satisfactory and health will be maintained. However “if stresses are excess, undesirable outcomes may occur in the form of errors, accidents, and/or a decrement in health.” The same text states that the therapist&#39;s professional discipline concerns evaluating stresses that occur in the work environment and the ability of people to cope with these stresses. It is the “goal is to design facilities (e.g. factories and offices, furniture, equipment, tools, and job demands) to be compatible with human dimensions, capabilities, and expectations.” 
         [0056]    It is the inventor&#39;s sincerest attempt to deliver a safe and effective method for patients or individuals to raise themselves up from the floor that requires another design concern with other devices that the UFFD  100  resolves.  Chronic Wound Care A Clinical Source for HeatlthCare Professionals  (Edited by Diane Krasner RN, MS, CETN) is considered a gold standard in caring for wounds and overall skin care. 
         [0057]    Other devices are typically metal devices with relatively sharp corners and edges that will result in significant “shear” forces to the skin as one negotiates over each leading edge of each step.  Chronic Wound Care A Clinical Source for HeatlthCare Professionals  states that “shear is caused by tissue layers sliding against each other (e.g. when patient slides down in bed). This results in disruption or angulation of blood vessels.” This textbook for healthcare professionals emphasizes the importance in reducing or relieving shear forces that the topic of is cited in the index 16 times in the 478 page textbook. This text describes that “a transfer device should consider shear forces in design in which a patient move upon or along (P.85)” and that “a Physical therapist can determine the type and frequency of movement for each individual.” The UFFD  100  design intentionally includes features that prevent shear forces by having rounded leading edges to minimize tissue stress on the Ischial tuberosities, sacrum, and buttocks that are often common structures subjected to shear stresses. 
         [0058]    It is the inventor&#39;s hope that any examiner or reviewer who may be involved in the consideration process of the UFFD patent application has a thorough understanding of the UFFD  100 &#39;s design in comparison to what is currently on the market (such as regular stairs, or devices such as the paraladder found at www.paraladder.com). 
         [0059]    Controller  110 , as described herein, may include one or more of a general-purpose processor or specific-purpose processors for executing instructions and may further include a machine-readable medium (e.g., volatile or non-volatile memory) for storing data and instructions for software programs. The term “processor” may refer to one or more processing devices, one or more processors, and/or one or more components thereof. For example, a processor may refer, without limitation, to an aspect of controller  110 , actuators  112 , and/or rotating tilt devices  115 . A processor may be an integrated circuit or a computer system. 
         [0060]    The control aspects of controller  110 , actuators  112 , and/or rotating tilt devices  115  may be implemented using software, hardware, or a combination of both. By way of example, any processor discussed herein may be a general-purpose microprocessor, a microcontroller, a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), a Programmable Logic Device (PLD), a controller, a state machine, gated logic, discrete hardware components, or any other suitable entity that can perform calculations or other manipulations of information. Software, instructions, and operations, as discussed herein, shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, data, or any combination thereof, whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise. Instructions may include code (e.g., in source code format, binary code format, executable code format, or any other suitable format of code). 
         [0061]    One of ordinary skill in the art would understand that a machine-readable medium may include any machine-readable media and storage integrated into a processor, such as may be the case with an ASIC. A machine-readable medium may also include any machine-readable media and storage external to a processor, such as a Random Access Memory (RAM), a flash memory, a Read Only Memory (ROM), a Programmable Read-Only Memory (PROM), an Erasable PROM (EPROM), registers, a hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, a DVD, or any other suitable storage device. A machine-readable medium may include one or more media. According to one aspect of the disclosure, a machine-readable medium is a computer-readable medium encoded or stored with instructions and is a computing element, which defines structural and functional interrelationships between the instructions and the rest of the system, which permit the instructions&#39; functionality to be realized. Instructions may be executable, for example, by a processor. Instructions can be, for example, a computer program including code. 
         [0062]    The description of the subject technology is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various configurations described herein. While the disclosure has been particularly described with reference to the various figures and configurations, it should be understood that these are for illustration purposes only and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the subject technology. 
         [0063]    There may be many other ways to implement the subject technology. Various functions and elements described herein may be partitioned differently from those shown without departing from the spirit and scope of the subject technology. Various modifications to these configurations will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and generic principles defined herein may be applied to other configurations. Thus, many changes and modifications may be made to the subject technology, by one having ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the spirit and scope of the subject technology. 
         [0064]    It is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of steps or blocks in the processes disclosed is an illustration of exemplary approaches. Based upon design preferences, it is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of steps or blocks in the processes may be rearranged. The accompanying method claims present elements of the various steps in a sample order, and are not meant to be limited to the specific order or hierarchy presented. 
         [0065]    The previous description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. Various modifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects. Thus, the claims are not intended to be limited to the aspects shown herein, but is to be accorded the full scope consistent with the language claims, wherein reference to an element in the singular is not intended to mean “one and only one” unless specifically so stated, but rather “one or more.” Unless specifically stated otherwise, the term “some” refers to one or more. Pronouns in the masculine (e.g., his) include the feminine and neuter gender (e.g., her and its) and vice versa. All structural and functional equivalents to the elements of the various aspects described throughout this disclosure that are known or later come to be known to those of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are intended to be encompassed by the claims. Moreover, nothing disclosed herein is intended to be dedicated to the public regardless of whether such disclosure is explicitly recited in the claims. No claim element is to be construed under the provisions of 35 U.S.C. §112, sixth paragraph, unless the element is expressly recited using the phrase “means for” or, in the case of a method claim, the element is recited using the phrase “step for.” 
         [0066]    All structural and functional equivalents to the elements of the various configurations described throughout this disclosure that are known or later come to be known to those of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and intended to be encompassed by the subject technology. Moreover, nothing disclosed herein is intended to be dedicated to the public regardless of whether such disclosure is explicitly recited in the above description.