Abstract:
A transfer microprocessor is programmed to monitor and control four label dispensers paired two each on either side of a flow of containers, with each side having an upstream and a downstream dispenser. Operation of a transfer function on either side between an on line and a standby mode is timed differently depending upon whether an upstream or a downstream dispenser is on line. A low web sensor is employed to generate signal to the transfer controller to initiate the transfer function. Upon command one of the on line dispensers is deactivated and its standby dispenser is activated to produce a continuous supply of labels to that side of the containers as they move past the label dispensers.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The present invention relates to labeling machines and specifically to automatic labeling machines employing multiple label dispensers. 
     2. Description of the Prior Art 
     In an automatic labeling machine, labels on a roll are delivered from a label dispenser and adhered to containers automatically as the containers flow continuously past a labeling station. A problem occurs when the supply of labels is depleted in the dispenser, since the machine must then be shut down to reload a new roll of labels thus causing interruption in the labeling operation. Further, other failure conditions at the dispenser such as &#34;Fail Safe&#34; and &#34;CPU Fail&#34; render the dispenser inoperable thereby stopping the labeling operation. A second dispenser of labels mounted on the same side of the labeling machine can be provided and mounted so as to duplicate the operation of the first dispenser. This second dispenser is loaded with a supply of labels or otherwise serviced while the first dispenser is operating. When the first head becomes inoperative because it is out of labels or for other reasons, the second dispenser takes over. The reverse sequence may also occur in that the second dispenser is operative while the first dispenser is being serviced. 
     The need in such cases for accurate process control in such dual dispenser systems is apparent. The control complexity increases when a machine is constructed for applying two labels, one to the front and another to the back of a container simultaneously thus creating a system with four label dispensers (two for the front and two for the back) such that maximum throughput can be maintained as backup/transfer label dispensers are provided for both sides of the container. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The invention uses various control signals generated by the labeling machine and each of the dispensers to monitor operating condition of four dispensers and to control the sequence of operation to transfer the active role of one dispenser to another on a given side on a labeling machine in either an automatic or a manual mode. Each dispenser generates an &#34;AVAILABLE&#34; signal indicating that the dispenser is ready to function. The AVAILABLE signal must be present when the dispenser is ready to operate or is already actively operating by dispensing labels. The active dispenser is selected by the transfer controller by generating an &#34;ENABLE&#34; signal. Indicators are provided for an operator to view an &#34;ON LINE&#34; indication of the active dispenser and a &#34;STAND BY&#34; indication for the inactive but ready dispenser. 
     The active dispenser uses its supply of labels until it is nearly depleted. A &#34;LOW WEB&#34; sensor generates a control signal which initiates the transfer sequence to ensure a continuous supply of labels from the READY dispenser. On receipt of the LOW WEB control signal, the controller commands the active dispenser to dispense the next label. An indication is provided by the label sensor next to the dispenser that this next label was correctly registered. On receipt of this indication, the controller disables the active dispenser and enables the READY dispenser after a delay to account for the fact that a labelled container is already present between the two dispensers. 
     Other emergency conditions which would prevent the dispensing of the next label immediately start the transfer omitting the delay for the next container. The dispenser thus disabled can now be reloaded or otherwise made ready for service so that it will generate the AVAILABLE indication at the controller. 
     The transfer sequence of events is modified when the second head is the active dispenser because of the difference location of the labeled container. A manual override is provided so that the operator can initiate the transfer sequences when the standby dispenser is AVAILABLE. 
     The transfer controller of the present invention monitors the readiness of both dispensers and assures correct and orderly transfer of operation from one dispenser to the other. The invention controls four dispensers [two per side]. 
     A microprocessor is programed in accordance with the detailed description below to monitor the operating conditions of the four dispensers and control the sequence of operation and transfer functions between dispensers for the front and back labels. 
     As will be discussed in detail below, operation of the transfer function between the two dispensers on a side of the container is different depending on whether the upstream or downstream dispenser is active. 
     In operation, if the active dispenser is the first or upstream dispenser, it uses its supply of labels until the supply is almost depleted. A LOW WEB sensor, known in the art, generates a signal to the controller of the invention to initiate the transfer sequence. The LOW WEB signal can appear at any time during the labeling cycle, therefore the controller commands the active dispenser to dispense the next label being requested by a container. When this label has been correctly registered by the label sensor of the dispenser, the controller removes the ENABLE signal at the dispenser thus causing it to stop dispensing labels. The dispenser controller removes the AVAILABLE signal to the controller of the invention. The controller then extinguishes the ON LINE indicators for that dispenser and commences the recognition of encoder pulses being transmitted from the moving conveying system. Upon a preset count of encoder pulses being reached (for the distances involved in one embodiment of the invention this number of pulses is 192 pulses), the downstream dispenser is enabled and commences dispensing labels to the next container requesting same. The controller also commands the status indicator to indicate that this downstream dispenser is ON LINE. The delay occasioned by the count is required because labeled containers are present between the upstream and the downstream dispensers. 
     A failure in the upstream dispensers such as &#34;Fail Safe&#34; or &#34;CPU Fail&#34; prevents the dispenser from dispensing any more labels so that the transfer is effected immediately without waiting for the proper register signal described above. 
     The upstream dispenser is now available for repair or reload and indicates is ready status by generating the AVAILABLE signal and indicating its status as STAND BY. 
     The sequence of events is different when the downstream dispenser is active and it is necessary to transfer to the upstream dispenser. In this condition, the containers between the two dispensers are not labelled. When a LOW WEB indication is generated by the downstream dispenser, the controller of the present invention immediately causes the upstream dispenser to be enabled so that both the upstream dispenser and the downstream dispenser are labelling each time their respective container sensors are triggered. In this sequence, the controller of the present invention accepts ENCODER pulses until 192 pulses are counted. The ENABLE signal is then removed from the downstream dispenser. The controller causes appropriate indications of the status of the dispensers to be displayed at the operator&#39;s station. 
     However, should the downstream dispenser become disabled because of a failure such as &#34;Fail Safe&#34; or &#34;CPU Fail&#34;, the downstream dispenser will immediately disable and stop dispensing labels. This will result in the containers located between the dispensers to remain unlabeled as these units cannot be reached despite the fact that the upstream dispenser is commanded to immediately activate. Thus, it is desirable that the upstream dispenser remain active most of the time. To achieve that end, a manual transfer mode is provided to minimize the time that the downstream dispenser is active. 
     The principal object of the present invention is to provide for the automatic control of label dispensers and specifically to control the transfer from upstream to downstream dispensers and vice versa automatically. 
     A further object of the present invention is to provide a manual override of the automatic transfer function to ensure that an upstream label dispenser is active most of the time. 
     Another object of the invention is provide a delay time to take into account the containers between the upstream and downstream dispensers when an automatic transfer is initiated such that such containers are labelled. 
     Another object of the invention is to initiate the transfer between dispensers when the supply of labels on the active dispenser reaches a predetermined low level. 
     An additional object of the invention is to provide for initiation of the transfer function immediately on indication of failure of the active dispenser. 
     A still further object of the invention is to provide visual and audible indications at a control panel to enable the operator to monitor and control the status of the labelling dispensers. 
     Another object of the present invention is to control a labelling machine which labels the front and back of containers. 
     These as well as further objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from a review of the detailed specification provided herein, reference being made to the accompanying drawings. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 is a front view of the control panel indications provided at the operator&#39;s control station; 
     FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the functions performed by the controller of the present invention; 
     FIG. 3 is a top view of the labelling machine employing the controller for the labelling dispensers; and 
     FIGS. 4A-4E are a schematic diagram of the controller of the invention. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     FIG. 1 is a front view of the operator&#39;s control panel section which indicates and controls the operation of the automatic transfer controller of the present invention. This panel is designated by numeral 2 and has several indicating lights, control switches and pushbuttons mounted thereon. Numerals 4 and 6 designate an ALARM RESET switch and an each time an automatic transfer between dispensers is initiated. The switch 4 must be depressed to stop the alarm. A manual transfer between dispensers does not initiate an alarm. 
     Other indicators and controls on the operator&#39;s panel include (for the front and back labelling set, respectively), two ON-LINE/STAND-BY indicators 8,10 and 20,24 for the front dispenser set and 12,14 and 16,18 for the back dispenser set. Manual transfer switches 26 and 28 are also provided to initiate a manual transfer between dispensers. Further switches 30 and 32 are provided to control the operating mode for each set of dispensers to either backup or independent mode. Another switch 34 controls the entire system placing it in either the SYNCHRO or the INDEPENDENT mode. A power ON/OFF switch 36a is also provided. 
     FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the functions performed by the controller of the present invention. In FIG. 2, a CPU 36 is shown having transfer counters 38 and 40 as a part thereof. Counter 38 counts for one side of the dispenser set and counter 40 counts for the dispenser set on the other side of the labelling apparatus. A power supply 42a is shown for connection to the CPU 36 and to the remaining portions of the controller system. To the left hand side of FIG. 2 there are shown the panel inputs from the control panel described in connection with FIG. 1, above. 
     More specifically, connected to the CPU 36 is the panel control switch 34 for setting the system in either the SYNCHRO or the INDEPENDENT mode. Also connected to CPU 36 is the manual transfer and operator selector switches 28 and 32 for the left hand side dispensers and the manual transfer and operator selector switches 26 and 30 for the right hand side dispensers. 
     As will be further described in detail below, a fail safe interlock control 38a and a conveyor interlock 40a are coupled to and for the CPU 36, respectively. Status indicator drivers 50 for status indicators 52 are connected to received the appropriate status indications from CPU 36. 
     To the right hand side of FIG. 2, there is shown the various input functions connected to CPU 36 from the dispenser sets. Specifically, each dispenser 42, 44, 46, and 48 each have the capability of generating AVAILABLE and LOW WEB control signals for CPU 36. The CPU 36 generates the ENABLE signal for the appropriate dispenser as conditions demand. Lastly, an encoder 54 generates a number of pulses representative of the distance of travel of the containers between the dispensers during a transfer to account for the containers located between the two dispensers. 
     FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic top view of the dispenser portion of the apparatus which employs the controller of the present invention. In FIG. 3, the direction of flow of containers to be labeled is from left to right in the drawing so that the upper dispensers can be designated in the &#34;left&#34; dispensers and the lower dispensers in FIG. 3 are designated the &#34;right&#34; dispensers. The upper dispensers are shown at numerals 46 and 48 corresponding to the dispensing heads discussed in connection with FIG. 2. The dispenser 46 is the upstream dispenser and dispenser 48 is the downstream dispenser. The peel points for these dispensers are indicated at numerals 64 and 68, respectively. The lower dispensing set includes dispensers 42 and 44 again corresponding to the items similarly numbered in FIG. 2. Dispenser 42 is the upstream dispenser while dispenser 44 is the downstream dispenser. The peel poins of these later dispensers are designated 66 and 70, respectively. 
     A supply of containers flow to the peel points on conveyor 62 via feed screw systems 58, 60 for feeding and orienting the containers into the peel points of the dispenser. The units exit the peel points at a rolling pressure station 56, 72 to apply added pressure to ensure that the labels are securely applied to the containers. 
     FIGS. 4A-4E is a detailed schematic diagram of the digital electronic circuitry employed in the controller of this invention. Again, like numerals in FIG. 4. have been used to designate like parts from FIGS. 1-3. Thus, transfer mode switch 34 controlling the system from the SYNCHRO to the INDEPENDENT mode, described in connection with FIGS. 1-2, is shown connected to integrated circuit 5. Manual transfer and operating select pushbuttons 28 and 32 for the left hand dispensing set and 26 and 30 for the right hand dispensing set are also shown. The four label dispensers are shown on the right hand side of FIG. 4c at numerals 42, 44, 46 and 48. The various status indicating lamps (52 in FIG. 2, and 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18 20 and 24 in FIG. 1), are represented by a terminal connecting strip bearing these reference numerals, 52 and 52A on the back panel. 
     The main elements in the circuit are the integrated circuits 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 and 13. These integrated circuits are commerical items available from several different suppliers and their model designations are given in the table of circuit elements given below. Integrated circuit 1 is connected to integrated circuits 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11 via the pin connections shown. Circuit 7 is connected to circuit 9, 11 and 5 via the connections described in the drawing. A transistor 23 is configured as a switch and is connected to circuit 1 via AND gate 17. Transistor 23 responds to a signal from the INPUT point 37 on terminal strip 39. An alternate signal from either ENC ports of the connectors 42 or 46 drives the AND gate 17 via circuit 13. 
     TRANSFER MODE switch 34 is connected to one input of integrated circuit 5. This switch 34 serves to ENABLE or DISABLE the synchronized automatic control functions of the invention. The MANUAL TRANSFER pushbuttons 26 and 28 are connected to the circuit 5 and to ground. Thus, depressing either or both of the MANUAL TRANSFER pushbuttons closes the circuit between the integrated circuit 5 and ground thus initiating the transfer sequence. 
     Three relays 31, 33 and 35 are provided. The relays 31 and 33 serve to control the connection between dispensers on each side of the labelling machine. Relay 35 drives the CONVEYOR FAIL SAFE signal. The coil of relay 35 and its associated delay circuit prevents a conveyor shut-down during the transfer time from dispenser 42 or 46 to dispenser 44 or 48. The fixed contacts of relay 31 are connected to dispenser 42, a fixed contact of relay 33, dispenser 48, dispenser 44, and relay 35. The moveable contact arm of relay 31 is connected to operating select switch 30. The fixed contacts of relay 33 are connected to dispenser 46, the 5V DC power supply, dispenser 48, and to a fixed contact of relay 31. The moveable contact arm of relay 33 is connected to operating select pushbutton 32. Each of the driving coils for the relays are connected to control outputs of integrated circuit 11. The coils of relays 31 and 32 are also connected to the 5V DC power supply. 
     The audible alarm 6 and alarm reset pushbutton 4 are also energized from circuit 11. AND gates 13, 15, and 19 are connected as shown to switching transistor 21 connected to the alarm, and switching transistor 21A to a driver circuit 56 to the alarm light 55. Another input to the alarm 6 is from the power supply. A reset pushbutton 4 is connected to gate 19 to reset and disable the audible alarm 6 and the alarm light 55. 
     The transfer counters 38 and 40 discussed in connection with FIG. 2, above are shown in detail at 27 and 29, respectively. The counter arrangement 27 corresponds to counter 38 in FIG. 2 and counts for dispensers 46 and 48. The counter 29 in FIG. 4B corresponds to the counter 40 of FIG. 2 and is connected to control dispensers 42 and 44. 
     The control outputs from circuit 11 is connected to status indicator drivers 50 which are, in turn, connected to the various status indication points on terminal strip 52 and 52A. Power of the status indicators and the drivers is supplied from power supply circuit 25. 
     The following table sets forth the model numbers and/or values of the elements of the circuit of FIGS. 4A-4E: 
     
         ______________________________________U1             IC 8085AHU2,U3          IC 8155U4             IC 8212U5             IC 2732A (EPROM)U6             IC 74LS138U7,U8          IC 7416U9-U17         IC MOC3011U18            IC 4093U19            IC 40102U20            IC 40106D9-D13         DIODE IN4148D1-D8          DIODE IN4002C1, C25, C32   CAPACITOR .01 MF, 50 VC2             CAPACITOR 68 MF, 15 VC3             CAPACITOR 1500 MF, 16 VC4, C26        CAPACITOR 470 MF, 35 V TANTC5-C24, C28-C31          CAPACITOR .1 MF, 50 VC27            CAPACITOR 1.0 MFR15            1/4 W, 5%, 1 MEGR13, R14, R17  1/4 W, 5%, 10KR18            1/4 W, 5%, 1KK1,2,3         RELAY W172-DIP-5BR1            MDA204R1, R11, R12, R19          1/4 W, 5% 4.7KR2-R10, R16    1/4 W. 5% 10 ohmRN1-RN3, RN6   BOURNS SIP 4310R-101-472(4.7K)RN4,RN5        SIP F221X2P(220 ohm)Q1-Q3          2N2222Q4-Q12         T2800BP1-P4          CINCH CONN. TA 15P-5Y1             ERIE MP061VR1            MC7805CTS1,S2          DIP SWITCH AMP 3 435640-9S3,S5,S7       A&amp;B 800-MB HG2BBSS4,S6          A&amp;B 800-MB-CA9A5T1             SIGNAL ST4-10T2             STANCOR P6466F1             Fuse 3AG 1 AMPDS1-DS4        A&amp;B 800-MB-DL06XXSS8             A&amp;B 800-MB-CQA06RAS______________________________________ 
    
     The circuit of FIGS. 4A-4E is operated from a central processing unit programmed in accordance with following: ##SPC1## 
     The system operates to effect the automatic control of dispensers from one to the other on the front and back side of containers to be labeled. Viewing these operations from the standpoint of the operator at the control panel, the transfer mode switch 34 selects between independent operation or synchronized operation. In the independent mode, the transfer of operation from the working dispenser to stand-by dispenser operates independently on each side of the machine so that depletion of the label supply on the first dispenser will switch to the second dispenser on the same side without involving the other side of the machine in the back-up mode. 
     In the synchronized position, the transfer of operation from the working dispenser to the stand-by dispenser of one side operates in synchronism with the dispensers on the opposite side assuming that the non-operating dispensers are in the stand-by mode. Thus, if the first dispenser on one side becomes inoperative, then the second dispensers on both sides will become the operating dispensers. 
     Should the non-operating dispenser on the opposite side (the side that does not cause the transfer) not be in the stand-by mode, then the transfer will occur on that side as soon as that dispenser is put into the stand-by mode. If the back-up dispensers of the side which calls for the transfer is not in the stand-by mode, the system will go into fail safe to stop the conveyor. 
     Selector switches 30 and 32 select either the independent or the operating mode of the dispenser on each side. In the independent mode, the dispensers operate independently of each other. Each dispenser can carry a different label. The LOW WEB sensor will stop the dispenser and the conveyor when operating in this mode. 
     All of the four dispenser controls must be ON to operate the conveyor even if one or more dispensers are not used. To prevent the operation of the unused dispenser, it must be placed in a NOT-READY condition. 
     In the backup mode, the dispensers operate as a redundant system. Thus, when the first dispenser has its supply of labels depleted, the LOW WEB detector will signal the back-up dispenser to start operating. If the back-up dispenser is not in stand-by, the conveyor system is automatically disabled. During normal operation, the LOW WEB detector on the first dispenser will stop the feeding of labels and initiate the encoder driven timing sequence in the transer controller to allow the already labelled container unit to pass by the second dispenser; then start the second dispenser when the first unlabeled container is in position. 
     The LOW WEB detector of the second dispenser (when the first dispenser serves as back-up) will initiate a different sequence. It signals the first dispenser to start dispensing immediately and simultaneously initiates the timing sequence which stops the dispensing of the labels of the second dispenser when the already labelled containers have passed the labelling position of the second dispenser. 
     Depressing manual transfer pushbuttons 26 or 28 will transfer the operation from the operating to the stand-by dispenser at any time. 
     As previously discussed, the transfer from the upstream to the downstream dispenser considers the fact that a labelled unit is in a position intermediate the two heads. To effect this action, it is noted that in the preferred embodiment, the distance between the peel points is 36&#34; and the incremental encoder pulses represents 0.1875&#34; of conveyor travel. The encoder is driven by the line shaft of the machine so that a train of pulses is generated whenever the conveyor is in motion. The total number of pulses representing the 36&#34; distance is thus 192. The counters 27 and 29 thus delay the transfer until 192 pulses are counted indicative of the passage of a container from the peel point of the first dispenser to just beyond the peel point of the second dispenser. 
     As modifications to the foregoing may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of my invention, the subject matter for which I desire the protection of a U.S. Patent is set forth in the appended claims.