Abstract:
An electricity generating or other power distributing device that utilizes the energy stored in ocean waves as they approach the shoreline. A series of buoys, which are thus struck by said waves are thrust upward and outward, operating hydraulic pumps. Fluid is pumped into a rotator that lifts a plurality of weights contained in deep silos within the earth. The cable devices connected to these weights are threaded around, and thus rotate a series of clutches, transmissions and flywheels, which provide a constant rotational output. This output can be attached to an A/C generator, or any other device requiring a constant force and rotation to operate properly.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     U.S. Provisional patent application No. 60/876,921. Filing date Dec. 22, 2006. Applicant Wayne Bishop, Orem, Utah. Title: Ocean wave electricity generator apparatus. 
    
    
     FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH 
     None 
     SEQUENCE LISTING 
     None 
     BACKGROUND OF INVENTION 
     This invention describes a method of capturing the energy contained in the vertical and horizontal motion of ocean waves and converting said energy into electricity for residential and commercial use. 
     ADVANTAGES OVER PRIOR ART 
     Numerous inventions have described methods for capturing wave energy. The primary problems with the prior art is achieving economic feasibility, providing consistent grid-ready electricity, and keeping the invention aesthetically, environmentally, and ecologically pleasing. Because waves in the ocean are a pulsing phenomenon, peaking rapidly and just as rapidly dropping, many inventions generate electricity in pulses. This requires complicated, expensive and inefficient inverters and electronic controllers to transform the energy into a useable form. Other inventions require placement miles out in the ocean. Expensive and dangerous electrically charged cables must be strung, and the generators can interrupt shipping and recreational areas. Some inventions must be applied in arrays of over vast amounts of ocean, which could cause large unsightly patches in the ocean, and can even disrupt or harm marine life. 
     OBJECTS AND ADVANTAGES 
     The Ocean wave electricity generator apparatus houses its components underground, and embedded in the ocean floor a few hundred feet from shore. The only components visible from land or ocean surface is the access door, and a small array of low profile buoys. Unlike some of the prior art, the generator will operate silently to those on the shore and water surface as well. Besides a few low-voltage sensors, no electronic components are placed in the ocean. Marine and ocean life can swim around and through the device without harm or injury, and the electricity generated by the system is a true-sine 60 hz grid-ready electricity. Once mass production is achieved, these generators will install quickly and easily, will be inexpensive to maintain, and will generate electricity inexpensively enough to compete with fossil fuel and nuclear generators. 
     Other embodiments of this invention would be that the constant energy output could be used to operate a water or fluid pump, run a piece of machinery, move objects from one place to another by way of a conveyor or other apparatus, or any other operation which requires a consistent rotational output. 
     SUMMARY 
     The Ocean wave electricity generator apparatus is an array of buoys placed a few hundred feet from shore, in the shallow ocean where the waves begin to break. Each buoy is tethered to a linear hydraulic pump that pumps hydraulic fluid to a main rotating drum each time a wave strikes the buoy. As the drum rotates, it lifts a number of weights contained in silos. As one of the weights arrives at the top of its silo, a mechanism releases the weight from the drum, allowing the weight to fall down the silo. The cable attached to the weight then rotates a series of transmissions and flywheels, which turn a generator at a constant and controlled speed, so as to produce grid-ready electric power identical to the electricity that coal or natural gas generators produce. 
     REFERENCE NUMERALS 
     
         
           1  Power station building 
           2  Buoy 
           3  Hydraulic pump assembly 
           4  Hydraulic lines 
           5  Drive axle and generator assembly 
           6  Cable spool and drum assembly 
           7  Shoreline 
           8  Cable spool 
           9  Hydraulic rotator pump 
           10  Hydraulic fluid reservoir 
           11  Support roller 
           12  Weight cable 
           13  Weight 
           14  Silo 
           15  Cable spool release clutch 
           16  Cable spool drum axle 
           17  Trigger mechanism 
           18  Drive axle and generator shaft 
           19  One-way ratcheting drive gear 
           20  Drive member 
           21  Continuously variable transmission 
           22  Flywheel 
           23  Constant velocity transmission 
           24  Generator 
           25  Electricity output to grid 
           26  Spring shocks 
           27  Tethering cables 
           28  Bellows 
           29  Hydraulic pump boom 
           30  Hydraulic pump boom input line 
           31  Hydraulic pump boom output line 
           32  Hydraulic pump boom ramrod 
           33  Slide track 
           34  Weighted slide 
           35  Slide track stops 
           36  Cable guide rollers. 
           37  Water surface waves 
           38  Ocean floor 
       
    
    
    
     
       DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a top view of the complete apparatus showing an array of buoys  2  located a pre-determined distance off shore  7  preferably at the location where waves begin to crest. The buoys  2  are connected to the hydraulic pump assembly  3  by any means of tethering device deemed appropriate. The pumping process of these buoys and pumps will be described later. Hydraulic lines  4  transfer the hydraulic fluid to the power station building  1  at a given location adjacent to the array of buoys—preferably on land, but possibly in the shallows of the ocean water. Here the fluid pressure is transformed into a consistent rotational energy by means of the cable spool drum assembly  6  and the drive axle and generator assembly  5 , the details of which will be shown later. 
         FIG. 2  is an end view of the cable spool drum assembly. The cable spool  8  is rotated as hydraulic fluid is pumped through the hydraulic lines  4  into a hydraulic rotator pump  9 . Fluid is then pumped to a reservoir  10  for future use. The hydraulic rotator pump rotates the cable spool and drum so as to wind the weight cable  12  onto the spool. The drum assembly is supported by support rollers  11  to prevent drum from moving. 
         FIG. 3  is an end view of the cable spool drum assembly  6  and how it works with the drive axle and generator assembly  5 . As the weight cable  5  winds around the cable spool, it is threaded around the drive axle and generator assembly. A weight of substantial mass  13  is attached to the end of the cable. As the cable winds up the weight is lifted up within a silo  14  created to house the weight. 
         FIG. 4  shows the process by which the cable spool  8  releases from the cable spool axle  16  once the previously pictured weight reaches the top of the silo. Support rollers  11  support the weight of the cable spool drum. The cable spool release clutch  15  locks the cable spool to the cable spool drum axle  16 . This allows the spool to wind as the previously pictured hydraulic rotator pump turns the axle. Once the weight reaches the top, trigger mechanism  17  releases the clutch  15  and causes the spool to disengage from the axle. This will allow the spool to free spin and the previously pictured weight will descend rapidly down the silo. Upon reaching the bottom of the silo, trigger mechanism  17  will re-lock the cable spool release clutch  15 , and the cable will begin to wind again and the weight will be lifted in the silo. 
         FIG. 5  shows the process by which the weight descending turns the drive axle and generator shaft  18 . As the cable winds and the weight ascends up the silo, the one-way ratcheting drive gear  19  will not engage the axle and generator shaft. Therefore, the drive member  20  is turned by cable  12  as the cable winds, but the axle and generator shaft does not turn with it. Once the weight is allowed to descend by means described earlier, the one-way drive gear  19  engages the axle and generator shaft  18  causing them to rotate as one body. 
         FIG. 6  is the side view of cable drum assembly  6 . This shows the plurality of cables  12 , which each attach to a separate weight not pictured. The support roller  11  supports the drum assembly  6 . Pictured are 4 cable spools situated on cable spool drum axle  16 . Also shown are hydraulic rotator pump  9 , hydraulic line  4  and hydraulic reservoir  10 . 
         FIG. 7  is the side view of the drive axle and generator assembly showing the weight cables  12  wrapping around the drive members  20  resting on the drive axle and generator shaft  18 . The shaft enters the continuously variable transmission  21 . This transmission then rotates the flywheel  22  at a very rapid rate thus storing the kinetic energy. The flywheel then feeds a constant velocity transmission  23 , which feeds the A\C generator  24  with a constant input speed allowing for 60 Hz A\C grid-ready power to be generated and delivered from power line  25 . 
         FIG. 8  is an elongated view of the silos  14  and the weights  13  and how they may be possibly distributed for the weights to arrive at the tops of their silos at different times. Each time a weight arrives at the top of a silo, it is released by above-mentioned means, and allowed to descend down the silo to turn the generator by above-mentioned means. Because of the nature of the continuously variable transmission pictured earlier, the weights will arrive at the bottom of the silos at a slow speed while the flywheel rotates rapidly. A spring shock  26  is placed at the bottom of each silo to soften the landing of each weight. 
         FIG. 9  is a detailed look at one of the buoys and hydraulic pump assemblies contained in the array. The buoy  2  is situated to float on the surface of the water. This is the only part of the generator visible from the surface of the water. It is designed such that maximum disturbance occurs each time an ocean wave strikes said buoy. Tethering cables  27  attach to the buoy and are fed through a waterproof bellows  28  and to a weighted slide  34 , which slides up and down freely along a slide track  33 . The other end of the slide track attached to the hydraulic pump boom ramrod  32 . As an ocean wave strikes the buoy, the cables pull the weighted slide up the slide track, and pull the ramrod up the hydraulic pump boom  29  forcing hydraulic fluid out the hydraulic pump boom output line  31  and sucking hydraulic fluid into the hydraulic pump boom input line  30 . Once the wave has passed, the weight on the weighted slide uses gravity to pull the buoy back to it&#39;s original resting position above the pump, and lowering the ram rod back to the bottom of the hydraulic pump boom. One way valves (not pictured) are placed in the hydraulic lines to prevent backward motion of the hydraulic fluid. 
         FIG. 10  shows the detail of the top of the hydraulic pump assembly. Tethering cables  27  enter the hydraulic pump boom assembly through the bellows  28  and threads between two cable guide rollers  36  before attaching to the weighted slide. The cable guide rollers are mounted on mounts which double as slide track stops  35 . These stops prevent the weighted slide from sliding off the end of slide track  33  should the waves become excessively large. 
         FIG. 11  shows how the hydraulic pump assembly  3  is mounted in the ocean floor  38  with respect to the ocean surface and waves  37  at low tide. At low tide the bellows  28  are mostly contracted and the weighted track operates on the lower half of the slide track previously pictured. The angle of placement of the hydraulic pump assembly in the ocean floor may differ from that which is pictured. It will be determined after proper engineering determines what works best. 
         FIG. 12  shows how the hydraulic pump assembly  3  is mounted in the ocean floor  38  with respect to the ocean surface and waves  37  at high tide. At high tide the bellows  28  are mostly extended and the weighted track operates on the upper half of the slide track previously pictured. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     My invention comprises an array of buoys positioned in the ocean just off the shoreline ( FIG. 1 ). Best estimates would be 100 to 300 feet out, but testing could adjust this distance. The pontoon-style buoys  2  would be placed sideways and horizontally so that the waves would hit the broad sides of the buoys. The shape of the buoys would be designed to catch the top crest of the wave. The idea is that both the vertical and the horizontal components of ocean waves would cause movement in the buoy (circle inset,  FIG. 1 ). Buoys would be approximately 10 to 15 feet long, 2 to 3 feet high, and 4 to 5 feet wide, depending on the need for stability. The number of buoys in the array would depend on need to operate the generator. 14 are shown, possibly 10 to 20 may be needed. This will depend on the average strength of the waves in the area, Each Buoy&#39;s determined size for optimal performance, and shape design of buoy for efficiently utilizing wave&#39;s energy. It is estimated that between 30 and 50 meters of wave would be needed to run a 1-megawatt generator using this design. 
     Each buoy would be tethered to a long linear hydraulic pump assembly secured in the ocean floor ( FIGS. 9 and 10 ). This pump assembly includes a track  33  to which a slide  34  slides up and down as the buoy is displaced by waves. The weighted slide is used to pull the buoy back to its original position once the wave has passed. A waterproof bellows  28  made from an appropriately durable rubber composite is used to keep the seawater out of the assembly. To compensate for tides, the slide is extra long. During low tide, the slide moves along the lower part of the slide ( FIG. 11 ). During high tide, the slide moves along the upper half of the slide ( FIG. 12 ). 
     The lower half of the linear hydraulic pump assembly is a simple boom-style hydraulic pump ( FIG. 9 ). As the weighted slide moves up the track it draws up the ramrod inside the pump. This forces hydraulic fluid out of a hydraulic line  31  and sucks in new fluid through hydraulic line  30 . As the slide moves back down, the ramrod seal breaks and allows the new fluid to pass into the chamber to be pumped out with the next wave. Strategically placed one-way valves prevent fluid from flowing backwards. Hydraulic line  31  connects to a collection line  4  that brings all the fluid pumped in the array into one large line and delivers the fluid to the power station  1 . It is estimated that each pump would deliver 500 to 800 lbs. of force in the lines. This will be converted to 7,000 to 10,000 lbs. once the fluid reaches the power station from all the pumps in the entire array. 
     In the power station, a large hydraulic rotator pump  9  is connected to a large drum ( FIG. 2 ). This rotator pump is similar in design to the pumps used to rotate the heavy cement-filled drum on cement trucks. Connected to this drum are spools of cable. As the drum is slowly turned by the fluid coming from the buoy pumps, is winds up the cables  12  onto the spools  8  ( FIGS. 2 ,  3  and  6 ). 
     The cables are attached to weights  13  which rise up and down in silos  14  dug in the earth ( FIGS. 3 and 8 ). Each weight is estimated to be 1000 to 1500 lbs. but this may be changed as the engineering is done. 4 weights are pictured in the drawings, but any number may be used once optimal performance is determined. The weights are staggered in the silos so that as the spool is turned, the weights reach the top at different times ( FIG. 8 ). Once a given weight reaches the top of a silo, a trigger mechanism  17  releases the spool from the rest of the drum and allows the weight to free-fall in the silo ( FIGS. 3 and 4 ). Once the weight reaches the bottom of the silo. The trigger mechanism re-engages the spool to the drum and the weight will start to be lifted back up the silo. Each passing wave on the array would move the drum enough to lift all the weights 2 to 3 feet from their previous positions. Each silo is 150 to 200 feet deep, but this also may be changed as engineering dictates. 
     The cables are threaded around a drive member  20  on a drive axle and generator assembly ( FIGS. 5 and 7 ). As the weight falls, the cable spins the drive axle and generator shaft  18 . When weights are rising in the silos, a one-way ratcheting drive gear  19  allows the drive member  20  to free-spin ( FIG. 5 ). This shaft feeds into a continuously variable transmission capable of a large gear ratio change  21 . This part is where a lot of engineering and modifications may be needed. My thought is to have a company expert in large transmissions for heavy equipment design this part. We would likely need gear ratios ranging 1:1 to 1:15. The idea is that as the shaft spins faster, the gear ratio increases. The output shaft speeds up at a rate up to 15 times the speed of the input shaft. This slows down the weight as it descends in the silo. The weight actually reaches the bottom of the silo at a slow speed. 
     The output shaft is connected to a flywheel  22  of substantial weight and diameter which will be determined with engineering ( FIG. 7 ). Once a weight reaches the bottom of its silo, the flywheel is spinning at an estimated 1000 to 1500 RPM due to the gear ratios of the continuously variable transmission. The flywheel could be up to 6 feet in radius and could weigh 5000 or more pounds. A flywheel of this size spinning this fast would store enough kinetic energy to run the generator between the weight drops. 
     The flywheel turns the input shaft of a constant velocity gear reducing transmission  23  also designed by a company expert at designing such things ( FIG. 7 ). This transmission would be designed to turn the generator with a constant speed so long as the flywheel is spinning fast enough. If the constant velocity of the constant velocity transmission is 450 RPM, this would be sufficient to turn a 16 field 750 kw to 1 mw generator. The expectation would be that the flywheel would spin at 1500 RPM. This would be determined by a point of equilibrium between the weight falling, the gears in the continuously variable transmission, and the size of the flywheel. The constant velocity transmission would then hold a 3.33 to 1 ratio to spin the output shaft. The flywheel turns the generator with one-third the effort necessary. As the flywheel slows down, the gear ratio increases in the constant velocity transmission. This continues until the flywheel slows down to 450 RPM. At this point, the constant velocity transmission holds a 1:1 ratio. If the flywheel slows down to below 450 RPM, a clutch will release the generator and the flywheel will free spin. The apparatus will be designed to have another weight fall and speed up the flywheel before this happens under usual conditions.