Abstract:
A base station maximizes an uplink data transmission rate from multiple mobiles treated by the base station as a virtual single uplink transmitter. The base station identifies a set of mobile stations as a candidate transmitting set and determines a transmit power allowable from the mobile stations in the candidate transmitting set. A subset of those mobile stations in the candidate transmitting set is identified. Uplink data transmission rates are assigned and communicated to the subset of mobile stations in the candidate transmitting set so as to optimize a total number of bits processed by the base station associated with the uplink transmissions received from the subset of candidate mobile stations. The optimization may accomplish one or more objectives in addition to optimizing the total number of bits processed.

Description:
This application claims priority from U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No. 60/924,846, filed on Jun. 1, 2007, the contents of which are incorporated here by reference. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The technology described here relates to radio communications, and more particularly, to using multiple antennas to increase capacity and services provided to radio terminals. 
     BACKGROUND 
     The introduction of new services in wireless networks puts a premium on spectral efficiency and coverage in cellular radio networks. Cellular networks have come a long way since the analog voice telephone systems of the mid 1980s, such as the Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS) or the Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT) System. The 1990s saw the introduction of second generation digital cellular technologies such as the Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) and packet data systems such as the General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) and their evolved third generation versions, Enhanced Data Rates for Global Evolution (EDGE) and Enhanced GPRS (EGPRS), respectively. The need for higher bandwidths and data rates also led to standardization of the Universal Mobile Telephone Service (UMTS). Third Generation (3G) standardization of GSM/EDGE and UMTS has been carried out in the 3GPP, whose focus has been on specifying a High Speed Packet Access (HSPA) service for WCDMA and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)-based evolution of 3G in a standard known as Long Term Evolution (LTE). 
     The performance of a wireless network is evaluated using several figures of merit, such as data rates, coverage and capacity. Capacity is interpreted in two different ways depending on the context of use. The classical definition of capacity is obtained from Shannon&#39;s a theoretical maximum rate of transmission at which communication can proceed over a noisy channel with arbitrarily low error probabilities. If the channel has no feedback from the receiver back to the transmitter, the figure of merit obtained is the open-loop capacity, while a channel with feedback may be used to derive a closed loop capacity. In the context of this application, the term capacity refers to the Shannon capacity of the communication channel. Cellular systems may also define capacity in terms of measures such as erlang capacity per cell referring to the number of call-hours of conversation for telephony, or measures of spectral efficiency identifying the number of bits of information transferred to the receiver per second of time per Hz of consumed bandwidth per cell (b/s/Hz/cell). 
     Using multiple antenna technologies improves data rates, coverage, and capacity. Multiple antenna technologies may employ Space-time Transmit Diversity (STTD), beam-forming, Spatial Multiplexing (SM), or Multiple-Input Multiple Output (MIMO). Another multiple antenna technology called Per-Antenna Rate Control (PARC) has been proposed for use in base station transmitters. 
     The PARC scheme is based on a combination transmit/receive architecture that performs independent coding of multiple downlink antenna streams transmitted at different rates, which is then complemented by the application of successive interference cancellation (SIC) at the receiver. PARC requires feedback from the receiving mobile terminal or station of the per-antenna data rates that are related to the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) at each stage of the SIC. It has been shown that the PARC scheme can achieve an open-loop Shannon capacity of the MIMO channel in a flat-fading environment. Closed loop Shannon capacity is greater than open loop Shannon capacity due to the availability of channel state information from the receiver. In frequency selective MIMO channels, the performance of the PARC scheme suffers with respect to the capacity-achieved using a closed-loop transmission scheme. 
     Selective-Per-Antenna-Rate-Control (S-PARC) is an extension of PARC. The S-PARC scheme can achieve rates that are between the open loop and closed loop capacity. While the PARC scheme simultaneously transmits separately encoded streams at different rates from all available transmit antennas, the S-PARC scheme improves performance by adaptively selecting a subset of the available transmit antennas from which to transmit a reduced number of data streams. This maximizes the data rate transmitted while simultaneously limiting the self-interference between streams. The selection of the best antennas for transmission is determined by maximizing the sum rate of the transmitted data streams over the possible antenna combinations of the subset of antennas. Essentially, when radio channel conditions are poor, fewer data streams are transmitted. As conditions improve, more data streams are transmitted. By limiting the number of transmitted data streams to what the channel supports, excessive self-interference is avoided. Furthermore, when the number of transmitted streams is limited, antenna selection exploits available transmit diversity. 
     The PARC and S-PARC approaches can be used for multiple antenna transmissions on the downlink, and work rather well in enhancing rate, coverage, and capacity when transmitting data downlink from a base station to multiple mobiles in the system. But the inventors recognized that there is a need for similar enhancements for uplink communications from mobiles to the radio network. Indeed, certain classes of applications, such as video telephony, video blogging, file transfer for peer-to-peer applications, etc., are some examples of uplink applications that would immediately benefit from enhanced transmission rate, coverage, or capacity. Although MIMO solutions proposed for the downlink are capable of enhancing the amount of data traffic being sent from the base station, they have limited applicability to uplink communications because mobile stations typically do not use more than one transmit antenna. The single antenna limitation is a direct result of the small size of the mobile station and limited transmitted power typically available. Even if it were possible to build a mobile station with multiple antennas, the channels from those antennas to one particular receive antenna on the base station may be correlated limiting the diversity gain on the uplink. 
     SUMMARY 
     These and other problems are overcome by the technology described below that implements an effective S-PARC for the uplink. In this context, a base station maximizes an uplink data transmission rate from multiple mobiles treated by the base station as a virtual single uplink transmitter. The base station identifies a set of mobile stations as a candidate transmitting set and determines a transmit power allowable from the mobile stations in the candidate transmitting set. A subset of those mobile stations in the candidate transmitting set is identified. Transmission resources, e.g., a combination of power, time, and/or frequency, are assigned and communicated to the subset of mobile stations in the candidate transmitting set so as to optimize a total number of bits processed by the base station associated with the uplink transmissions received from the subset of candidate mobile stations. The optimization may accomplish one or more objectives in addition to optimizing the total number of bits processed. For example, the uplink data transmission rates may be assigned to the subset of mobile stations in the candidate transmitting set in order to maximize a combined uplink transmission rate from that subset of mobile stations. 
     In one non-limiting example embodiment, a fraction of a total uplink transmission capacity available in a cell area is determined for a desired mobile station service. Multiple mobile stations in the candidate transmitting set that are requesting the desired service are ranked according to a priority scheme. The subset of the mobile stations from those ranked in the candidate transmitting set are selected to be those that have the best priority. A combination of the subset of the mobile stations is then determined that permits the base station to achieve a highest combined uplink transmission rate (in this example). 
     The prioritization may be performed based on a received signal quality measure or based on one or more other or additional factors. For example, the mobile stations in the candidate transmitting set could be ranked in accordance with a priority measure that is proportionally fair in allocating uplink transmission rates for the subset of the mobile stations in the candidate transmitting set. The fairness measure might be based on a ratio of an uplink transmission rate requested and an average uplink transmission rate supported. Alternatively, the fairness measure could be based on a Modified Largest Weighted Delay Fairness (MLWDF) measure. Another alternative is to rank the mobile stations in the candidate transmitting set in order to achieve a greatest revenue associated with providing the desired mobile station service. In addition, the number of mobiles stations in the subset of the mobile stations might also be set to a value that maximizes data rate or revenue for one or more classes of service. 
     This technology is well suited for (but not limited to) an implementation where uplink transmissions use orthogonal frequency division multiple access. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  illustrates an example simplified mobile radio communication system; 
         FIG. 2  is a flowchart illustrating non-limiting, example procedures for providing enhanced uplink data rates or capacity for a group or subset of mobile stations transmitting to a base station with multiple receive antennas; 
         FIG. 3  is a non-limiting example function block diagram of a mobile station; 
         FIG. 4  is a non-limiting example function block diagram of a base station; and 
         FIG. 5  is a function block diagram of a non-limiting example of an S-PARC base station receiver. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     In the following description, for purposes of explanation and non-limitation, specific details are set forth, such as particular nodes, functional entities, techniques, protocols, standards, etc. in order to provide an understanding of the described technology. In other instances, detailed descriptions of well-known methods, devices, techniques, etc. are omitted so as not to obscure the description with unnecessary detail. Individual function blocks are shown in the figures. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the functions of those blocks may be implemented using individual hardware circuits, using software programs and data in conjunction with a suitably programmed microprocessor or general purpose computer, using applications specific integrated circuitry (ASIC), programmable logic arrays, and/or using one or more digital signal processors (DSPs). It will be apparent to one skilled in the art that other embodiments may be practiced apart from the specific details disclosed below. 
       FIG. 1  illustrates an example simplified mobile radio communication system  10  including one or more base stations  12  that provide service in one or more cell areas. The base station  12  includes multiple antennas and communicates with multiple mobile stations or user equipments (UEs)  14 . The term mobile station is used here as a comprehensive term for a mobile or stationary radio terminal device and includes UEs. The base station forms a group or subset  15  of mobile stations that are preferably sufficiently spaced from each other to reduce correlation of the uplink channels from those mobile stations to receive antennas at the base station. In this non-limiting example, mobile stations MS 1 -MS 4  are included in the group  15 . 
     By treating multiple mobile stations as a group, a virtual uplink transmitter is created that can effectively use multiple antenna transmission from the group of multiple mobiles to achieve greater data rates and capacity in the uplink. In this way, a group of multiple mobile terminals  14  desiring high data rate services can attain a high data rate to the radio network (and then ultimately to the Internet) by limiting the interference to the system caused by several transmitting mobiles. The base station  12  assigns the group  15  of mobile terminals  14  access to uplink radio channel resources during a transmission opportunity (e.g., a frame or slot of fixed duration) so as to maximize the uplink transmission rate aggregated for all of the mobiles in the group by the base station  14  for data to be provided on to a core network and the Internet. The group of individual mobile terminals can also be viewed conceptually as a single uplink transmitter with multiple transmit antennas spread around the cell. With the mobiles being spread around the cell, there is relatively low correlation between the channel paths from each mobile&#39;s corresponding antenna to the receive antennas at the base station. A channel data rate is assigned to the group of mobile stations out of those desiring service from the network, and each mobile in the group then transmits at a given transmission opportunity, e.g., during a fixed time frame. The number of selected mobile stations in the group may be set to a value that maximizes data rate or revenue for one or more classes of service. 
       FIG. 2  is a flowchart illustrating non-limiting example procedures implemented in one or more radio network nodes (in this non-limiting example, the network node is a base station  12 ) for providing enhanced uplink data rates or capacity for a group of mobile stations transmitting as a virtual single unit to a base station with multiple receive antennas. A fraction of the total uplink transmission capacity available in a cell area for a mobile station service is determined (step S 1 ). The base station determines an associated signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) or other signal quality measure for each signal received from each mobile station in the cell area requesting a desired class of service (step S 2 ). Those multiple mobile stations requesting the desired class of service are ranked according to their determined associated SINRs as m( 0 ), m( 1 ), . . . m(N) (step S 3 ). The base station selects the J mobiles, m( 1 ), m( 2 ), . . . m(J) that have the best SINRs (step S 4 ). All combinations of those selected mobile stations are enumerated as  J C 1 ,  J C 2 , . . . ,  J C J  (step S 5 ), where the notation  n C k  has the usual meaning given in factorial notation as n!/(k!(n−k)!). Then, based on the channel conditions of downlink transmissions (e.g., pilot signals transmitted by the base station to mobile stations) observed by the J mobile stations and reported back to the base station, the base station determines a combination of M mobiles m(n( 1 )), m(n( 2 )), . . . m(n(M)) that permits the base station to serve the highest “sum rate” possible (step S 6 ). M is a number satisfying 1&lt;=M&lt;=J. Sum rate means the total uplink transmission data rate achieved by adding together the individual uplink transmission rates from each of the mobile stations. 
     The base station then sends a channel resource assignment to the mobiles m(n( 1 )), m(n( 2 )), . . . m(n(M)) (step S 7 ) and repeats steps S 1 -S 7  for the next transmission opportunity. The channel resource assignment may be, for example, a message that specifies the time and/or frequencies at which mobile station will transmit on the uplink from which the rate of transmission and the number of bits (and thus, the modulation and channel coding scheme as well) that the mobile station will transmit in the allocated space can be determined. This assignment is independent of the multiple access technology used and may be used for example for OFDMA, CDMA or TDMA based technologies. 
     Ranking mobile stations before determination of the J best mobile stations may be based on something other than or in addition to SINR. For example, the ranking could be based on a fairness criterion such as a proportionally fair priority measure. Another example could be a fairness measure based on a ratio of an uplink transmission rate requested and an average uplink transmission rate supported. Another fairness example could be a Modified Largest Weighted Delay Fairness (MLWDF) measure. Alternatively or in addition, a weighting of the cost of service could be factored into the ranking process. 
     As a result of this technology, a multiple antenna transmission technique previously only effective for downlink transmissions can be applied to uplink transmission applications. Selective Per Antenna rate Control (S-PARC) using Successive Interference Cancellation (SIC) is the preferred multiple antenna transmission technique. OFDM-based transmission and reception are assumed as the physical layer access technique as preferred but still example embodiment, although OFDM/OFDMA is not required. The Selective-PARC formulation is by definition limited to situations where the maximum transmit power of each mobile station is constrained. Individual transmissions from mobile stations are usually power-limited to control the interference posed by those mobile stations to other cells. 
     The achievable data rate for a multiple mobile uplink transmission is determined by taking into account that the instantaneous signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR): labelled in equation (1) as ρ(f k ,m), at the output of the Successive Interference Canceller (SIC) in the base station receiver corresponding to the transmitted stream m and the OFDM sub-carrier k: 
                       ρ   ⁡     (       f   k     ;   m     )       =         E   s     J     ⁢       G   m   †     ⁡     (     f   k     )       ⁢       K     -   1       ⁡     (       f   k     ;   m     )       ⁢       G   m     ⁡     (     f   k     )           ,           (   1   )               
where E s  is a fixed total power of the data symbols transmitted by J mobiles, f k  corresponds to the frequency of subcarrier k, G m (f k ) is the m th  column vector of the (N r  X J) matrix:
 
                       G   ⁡     (   f   )       =     [           G   ⁡     (       f   ;   1     ,   1     )             G   ⁡     (       f   ;   1     ,   2     )           ⋯         G   ⁡     (       f   ;   1     ,   J     )                 G   ⁡     (       f   ;   2     ,   1     )             G   ⁡     (       f   ;   2     ,   2     )           ⋯         G   ⁡     (       f   ;   2     ,   J     )               ⋮       ⋮       ⋮                         G   ⁡     (       f   ;     N   r       ,   1     )             G   ⁡     (       f   ;     N   r       ,   2     )           ⋯         G   ⁡     (       f   ;     N   r       ,   J     )             ]       ,           (   2   )               
which describes a frequency response of the MIMO channels between J mobiles and N r  receive antennas at the base station, and K(f k ; m) is the noise correlation matrix at the output of the SIC receiver corresponding to the m th  stream. G m  is the mth column vector, and G n  is the nth column vector, where n and m are indices used for convenience. The correlation matrix K(f k ; m) can be obtained through the following:
 
                       K   ⁡     (       f   k     ;   m     )       =       N   0     +         E   s     J     ⁢       ∑     n   ∈     A   ⁡     (   m   )           ⁢           ⁢         G   n     ⁡     (     f   k     )       ⁢       G   n   †     ⁡     (     f   k     )                 ,           (   3   )               
where N o  is a spectral density of the inter-cell interference plus antenna thermal noise, and A(m) denotes the set of streams that have yet to be decoded and subtracted through SIC process. E s  may be determined from knowledge of the mobile transmitted power, e.g., from transmit power control commands sent from the base station to the mobile.
 
     The instantaneous uplink data rates R(f k ,m) corresponding to the transmitted stream m from each mobile station can be obtained by mapping the instantaneous effective SINR, i.e, the ρ(f k ,m) determined according to equation (1), using a Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) look-up table represented as:
 
 R ( f   k   ,m )= MCS {ρ( f   k   ,m )},  (4)
 
to an allowable rate of transmission R(f k ,m) for each subcarrier and across all the mobile stations in the subset or group.
 
     The rate per channel use per mobile is then determined corresponding to the coding across different frequencies by summing the rates R(f k ,r) over N f  sub-carriers: 
                       R   _     ⁡     (   m   )       =       1     N   f       ⁢       ∑     k   =   1       N   f       ⁢           ⁢       R   ⁡     (       f   k     ,   m     )       .                 (   5   )               
The rates  R (m) are summed over all transmitted streams from the mobile sation in the subset or group using the formula:
 
                         R   Σ     ⁡     (     C   n   J     )       =       ∑     m   ∈     S     C   n           ⁢           ⁢       R   _     ⁡     (   m   )           ,           (   6   )               
where S c     n    is the n th  subset of J mobiles which can be chosen for transmission. The combination of the mobile stations that gives the maximum rate is then selected using:
 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
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       FIG. 3  illustrates a simplified function block diagram of a mobile station  14 . The mobile station includes a receiver  16  and transmitter  18  coupled to an antenna  24 . A user interface  22  that may include a keypad, display, speaker, microphone, etc. allows a user to communicate. A processor  20  controls the operation of the mobile  14 . The mobile receives signals from the base station and transmits information to the base station at predetermined uplink rates and a predetermined time frame determined by the base station. 
       FIG. 4  is a non-limiting example function block diagram of a base station  12 . The base station includes multiple antennas for receiving and transmitting. Antennas are coupled to both a receiver  24  and a transmitter  26 . The receiver includes an RF to baseband downconverter  25  for each receive antenna. The received baseband signals are provided to a digital interface  27  which then provides them to a signal processing unit  28 , which is where the processing outlined in  FIG. 2  may take place for example. The processed signals are then proved to a protocol processor  29  to perform processing tasks associated with higher communications protocol layers before sending the received data to the end application(s). This diagram is for illustration only and is not meant to be limiting. For example, in a time division duplex (TDD) system, the transmit antennas and an equivalent number of receive antennas may be shared using a switch that selects the transmit or receive chain at the appropriate time. Likewise, a frequency division duplex (FDD) system may use a frequency duplexor. There are many ways of interfacing a radio to a baseband processor and to other control processors that may be needed in a base station, and the illustration is only one example way. 
       FIG. 5  is a non-limiting example function block diagram of a base station receiver  30  that may be used in the base station  12  to implement the non-limiting, uplink S-PARC example. It will be appreciated that other types of receivers may be used. In this non-limiting example, the base station receiver  30  is an OFDM MIMO-based receiver that is used to recover the data transmitted from the group of multiple mobile stations previously selected for an uplink transmission. The example receiver  30  employs both a matched-field array processor (MFAP)  36  and a successive interference canceller (SIC)  44 . The receiver  30  includes multiple N receive (rx) antennas  31 . Each OFDM antenna data symbol stream is converted to baseband (not shown) and then demodulated using a fast Fourier transform (FFT)  32 . The FFT outputs are then decoded in the matched-field array processor (MFAP)  36  which begins by decoding the symbols X 1 (f k ) corresponding to a first stream of data transmitted by a first mobile station. In this case, the symbols X 1 (f k ) from the first mobile station experience spatial interference from all other symbols X 2 (f k ), . . . , X j (f k ) transmitted by all other mobile stations received by the base station receiver  30 . 
     Once the symbols X 1 (f k ) are decoded, their interference is removed at the subtractors  34  from the received signal before the symbols X 2 (f k ) corresponding to the second mobile station&#39;s stream of data are demodulated. As a result, the symbols X 2 (f k ) only experience spatial interference from the symbols X 3 (f k ), . . . , X j (f k ). Similarly, before demodulating the symbols X m (f k ), the interference from the symbols X 1 (f k ), . . . , X m−1 (f k ) is removed at the subtractors  34 . 
     The matched-field array processor  36  implements the following:
 
 U ( f   k   ;m )= Y ( f   k   ;m ) W   † ( f   k   ;m ),  (8)
 
where the signals Y(f k ;m) are combined with antenna weights W(f k ;m) to match with the signal and noise fields at receive antennas  31 , and the antenna weights are indicated with a superscript to be conjugate transposed. The antenna weights W(f k ;m) in equation (8) satisfy the following system of equations:
 
 {circumflex over (K)} ( f   k   ;m ) W ( f   k   ;m )= Ĝ   m ( f   k ),  (9)
 
where Ĝ m (f k ) is an estimate of the channel G m (f k ) and {circumflex over (K)}(f k ;m) is an estimate of the noise correlation function K(f k ;m) corresponding to the m-th stage of the successive interference cancellation (SIC) process. The signals Y(f k ;m) in equation (8) are calculated according to the successive interference cancellation algorithm:
 
                       Y   ⁡     (       f   k     ;   m     )       =       Y   ⁡     (     f   k     )       -       ∑     n   =   1       m   -   1       ⁢           ⁢           G   ^     n     ⁡     (     f   k     )       ⁢         X   ^     n     ⁡     (     f   k     )               ,           (   10   )               
where Y(f k ) is the (1×N rx ) vector of the received signals at N rx  receive antennas, and
 
                         X   ^     n     ⁡     (     f   k     )       =       U   ⁡     (       f   k     ;   n     )                 G   ^     n     ⁡     (     f   k     )       ⁢       W   †     ⁡     (       f   k     ;   n     )         ⁢                       (   11   )               
is an estimate of the n-th transmitted data symbol. The estimate {circumflex over (X)} m (f k ) is used to generate soft bit values for the encoded bits transmitted by the m-th user. These soft bit values are then fed to the decoder  42  for the m-th stream. If the decoder  42  can decode the information bits for the m-th stream correctly, these information bits are used by the interference canceller  44  to regenerate the portion of the received signals (at each receive antenna) corresponding to the m-th transmitted data stream using the signal regenerators  46 . The regenerated signals for data streams  1  through m expressed by:
 
 Ŝ ( f   k   ;n )= Ĝ   n ( f   k ) {circumflex over (X)}   n ( f   k ), nε[1,m]  (12)
 
are then subtracted in the subtractors  34  from the demodulated signal from each receive antenna  31  (see equation (10)). These N rx  subtracted signals Y(f k ;m+1) are then used to detect the bits in the (m+1)-th transmitted data stream using the channel estimator  50 , the N+I (Noise+Interference) estimator  48 , and the antenna weight generator  52 . The channel estimator  50  estimates the MIMO radio channels G(f k ) between the transmitter and the receiver This is done using pilot signals known at the base station as is understood to people versed in the art. The N+I estimator  48  estimates the correlation matrix K(f k ;m) of the noise+interference at each stage of the SIC process using equation (3). The antenna weight generator  52  calculates the antenna weights W(f k ;m) using equation (9). The weights match the receiver with the received signal so as to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio of the filtered received signal.
 
     To help aid in understanding this technology, a simple non-limiting example of uplink data rate maximization is described for a group of mobile stations. Consider a case with J=3 and three mobile stations m 1 , m 2 , and m 3  selected by the base station as the best candidates (e.g., highest SINRs of the group) for the uplink transmission in the next time frame. The possible combinations of the three mobiles are as follows: 
     1—A single mobile transmits, where any one of the mobiles m 1 , m 2 , or m 3  transmits. The uplink transmission rates R are assumed in this example, under some suitable transmit power constraint, to be R 1 =200 kb/s, R 2 =300 kb/s, and R 3 =1 Mb/s. R 1 , R 2 , and R 3  are the respective uplink rates if only one stream is transmitted from mobile  1 , mobile  2 , or mobile  3 , respectively. 
     2—If two mobiles transmit, then any one of the combinations {m 1 , m 2 }, {m 2 , m 3 }, or {m 3 , m 1 } is possible. In this case, the corresponding summed rates for these possibilities are R 12 =400 kb/s, R 23 =1.2 Mb/s and R 31 =900 kb/s respectively. It is noted that when both mobile  1  and mobile  2  transmit their own streams, the effective uplink transmission rate of R 12 =400 is less than R 1 +R 2 =500 kb/s because of the effect of interference between those streams. Similar relationships are evident between R 23 , R 31  and the corresponding single-stream rates. 
     3—If three mobiles transmit, then the sum rate for this example is assumed to be R 123 =1.1 Mb/s. 
     In these three alternatives, the example quantities R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 12 , R 23 , R 31 , and R 123  correspond to values calculated using equation (6). From these rate values, a sum uplink transmission rate is maximized by selecting mobiles m 2  and m 3  transmit streams. The channel can then support a data transmission rate of 1.2 Mb/s, which is the highest uplink transmission rates of the three combinations above, while still limiting the effect of the uplink transmission on the interference level in the system. 
     When using S-PARC, limiting the transmit power levels for mobile transmissions is necessary. One example way to set an uplink transmit power constraint that does not require transmit power control is now described, although other different ways may be used. Assume in this example, that the total power radiated in a cell must be limited to some nominal level, say P, and that each mobile station is restricted to a preset maximum power level, P max . Given these parameters, one way to constrain the uplink transmit power is to divide the nominal cell power P among the M chosen mobiles with the additional constraint that no individual mobile can transmit at a power P i  that exceeds a power level P max . If P max =200 mW, J=3, and P=400 mW, then M=3 results in mobile stations m 1 , m 2 , and m 3  each with an assigned power level P/3=400/3=133.33 mW. Considering all combinations of two mobiles, {m 1 , m 2 }, {m 2 , m 3 }, and {m 3 , m 1 }, each mobile station in a pair is limited to a peak transmission power of P/2=200 mW. For the third combination option where each mobile m 1 , m 2 , and m 3  transmits individually, each mobile is limited by the peak power level P max  to 200 mW. 
     One example way to set an uplink transmit power constraint that uses transmit power control is now described, although other different ways may be used. Assume the same values for P, P max , and M as in the first example above. For a first combination of mobiles m 1 , m 2  and m 3 , each mobile is assigned a power level P 1 , P 2  and P 3  in such a way that P 1 +P 2 +P 3 &lt;=400 mW. Each of the power levels P 1 , P 2  and P 3  are in turn set according to a transmit power control procedure that prescribes a predetermined ratio of P 1 :P 2 :P 3  to allocate the 400 mW between the three transmitting mobiles and fixes that ratio for all cases of 3 mobiles transmitting. 
     For combinations of two mobiles, {m 1 , m 2 }, {m 2 , m 3 } and {m 3 , m 1 }, each combination could be assigned power levels such that P 1 +P 2 &lt;=400 mW, P 2 +P 3 &lt;=400 mW or P 3 +P 1 &lt;=400 mW respectively. Again, the transmit power control procedures for two transmitting mobiles could also prescribe a predetermined ratio of P 1 :P 2 , P 2 :P 3 , or P 3 :P 1  to allocate the 400 mW between the two transmitting mobiles. The third option is where each one of the three mobiles, i.e., m 1 , m 2 , or m 3  may individually transmit. In this case, each mobile is limited by either the transmit power control algorithm setting individual power levels P 1 , P 2 , P 3  or by the peak power P max  so that each of P 1 , P 2  and P 3  is limited 200 mW. 
     The technology increases the amount of data that can be transmitted in the uplink to and then through a base station with multiple receive antennas to destination networks. This translates into faster data rates, greater capacity, better services, and increased operator revenues. 
     None of the above description should be read as implying that any particular element, step, range, or function is essential such that it must be included in the claims scope. The scope of patented subject matter is defined only by the claims. The extent of legal protection is defined by the words recited in the allowed claims and their equivalents. All structural and functional equivalents to the elements of the above-described preferred embodiment that are known to those of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are intended to be encompassed by the present claims. Moreover, it is not necessary for a device or method to address each and every problem sought to be solved by the present invention, for it to be encompassed by the present claims. No claim is intended to invoke paragraph 6 of 35 USC §112 unless the words “means for” or “step for” are used. Furthermore, no embodiment, feature, component, or step in this specification is intended to be dedicated to the public regardless of whether the embodiment, feature, component, or step is recited in the claims.