Abstract:
A method for dosing a liquid using a pipette with adjustable dosing step size and an indicating equipment and a syringe that can be operated using the pipette. The syringe is detachably connected to the pipette. The dosing step size is set, or the dosing step size set before is maintained. The dosing volume adjusted via the dosing step size is indicated. Liquid is aspirated into the syringe. Dosing steps are performed, counted and the number of performed dosing steps and/or the number of dosing steps still possible without refilling the syringe is determined and indicated. After performing the maximum number of dosing steps possible without refilling the syringe, either the syringe is detached, or the steps are performed again. The overall performed number of dosing steps with the set dosing step size is counted, and/or the number of dosing steps still possible without refilling is determined and indicated.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application claim priority to provisional patent application No. 61/636,977 filed Apr. 23, 2012, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference. 
    
    
     STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH 
     Not applicable 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to a method for dosing a liquid using a pipette and a syringe, and to a pipette for operating a syringe for dosing a liquid. 
     The pipettes for operating a syringe discussed here serve for discharging liquid taken up into the syringe in several steps. They are also called dispensers or repeater pipettes. At the lower end of a bar-shaped housing, these pipettes have a fixture for a flange of a cylinder of the syringe, and in the housing a displaceable fixture body with a piston fixture for the upper end portion of a piston rod of a piston of the syringe. The syringe can be inserted with the flange and the end portion of the piston rod through axially oriented openings of the fixtures. The flange and the end portion are held in the fixtures by means for detachable holding, which are for instance configured as spring-tensioned gripping levers. Further, the pipette has means for relocating the fixture body, which permit to draw the piston partially out of the cylinder in order to aspirate liquid into the syringe, and to push it stepwise into the cylinder for stepwise discharge of liquid. 
     The documents DE 2926691 C2 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,406,170 A, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference, describe means for relocating the fixture body in the housing. These comprise a draw-up lever, connected to the fixture body and projecting out of the housing through a straight slit, for aspirating liquid into the syringe by moving the fixture body away from the fixture. They further comprise a tooth bar pawl device for stepwise piston forward movement by a reciprocating dosing lever. A pivotal pawl is bearing mounted on the dosing lever. The tooth bar is connected to the fixture body and arranged in the pivot region of the pawl. An adjustably movable covering more or less covers up the tooth row on the tooth bar, in order to limit the engagement of the pawl into the tooth bar when the dosing lever is swung. Further, the tooth bar is designed with a contour, by which the covering can be moved away from the tooth bar when the piston is in an advanced position, so that it prevents the pawl from engaging with those teeth of the tooth bar that are not covered. Through this, it is prevented that a residual amount is discharged from the syringe, which is smaller than the dosing amount which is to be discharged in each dosing step. 
     Further developments of the means for detachably holding the syringe are described in the documents EP 0656229 B1 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,620,660 A, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. The documents EP 1724020 B1 and U.S. Pat. No. 7,731,908 B2, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference, describe a further development of the holding devices which permits to detach the syringe from the pipette using only one hand. 
     The documents EP 0657216 B1 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,620,661 A, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference, describe such a pipette with a sensor for gauging protrusions and deepenings on the syringe flange and associated syringes. The sensor serves to determine the size of the utilized syringe. On the basis of the set step width, an electronics determines the amount of liquid that is discharged in each discharging step. This is indicated on a display. 
     Further developments of the means for relocating the fixture body are described in the documents DE 4437716 C2, EP 0679439 B1 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,591,408 A, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. According to EP 0679439 B1 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,591,408 A, a repeater pipette has a constant-step equipment, which fixes the size of the first step for relocating the fixture body for the actuation portion of the syringe piston towards the cylinder fixture for the syringe cylinder to a constant value, which is independent from the setting of the subsequent step sizes. Through this constant reverse stroke in the relocation of the fixture body back to the cylinder fixture after drawing up liquid, a clearance between pipette and syringe is overcome which would compromise the dosing accuracy. 
     The known manually driven repeater pipettes have the disadvantage that the user must look up in the manual the maximum number of dosing steps possible without refilling the syringe at completely filled syringe with the set dosing volume after performing a reverse stroke, or he/she must determine it by experiment. Moreover, the user must count the performed dosing steps when he/she wants to know the number of further dosing steps which are still possible with the remaining liquid in the syringe. This is awesome and prone to errors notably at small dosing step sizes. In addition, it is disadvantageous that no clearance compensation is ensured in the known repeater pipettes, when at only partial filling of the syringe by means of the pipette, the delivery of the liquid from the syringe is controlled by the pipette. The accuracy of the initial dosings is impaired through this. 
     The document U.S. Pat. No. 6,254,832 B1, the entire contents of which is incorporated herein by reference, describes a portable, microprocessor controlled pipette with an electric power supply. The pipette has a piston in a cylinder, which is driven by an electric step motor. The pipette can be equipped with tubular pipette tips which can be plugged up onto a shaft at the bottom end of the pipette. By means of entry keys, the dispensing volume can be set which is indicated on a display. By actuating a further key, even the number of dispensing steps can be indicated which the pipette can perform with the set dispensing volume. In the dispensing mode, the number of metering steps which is still possible with the residual amount of sample liquid in the pipette tip is indicated after each dispensing step. 
     Starting from this, the present invention is based on the goal to provide a method for dosing a liquid using a pipette and a syringe, and a pipette for operating a syringe for dosing a liquid having more favourable utilization properties. 
     BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The goal is achieved by a method with the inventive features discussed below. 
     In the method of the present invention for dosing a liquid, using a pipette with adjustable dosing step size and an indicating equipment and a syringe that can be operated using the pipette, 
     1.1 the syringe is detachably connected to the pipette, 
     1.2 at option, the dosing step size is set, or the dosing step size set before is maintained, 
     1.3 the dosing volume adjusted via the dosing step size is indicated by means of the indicating equipment, 
     1.4 the maximum possible number of dosing steps without refilling the syringe, with the set dosing step size and completely filled syringe is indicated by means of the indicating equipment, 
     1.5 liquid is aspirated into the syringe, 
     1.6 a reverse stroke is performed after the syringe is filled with liquid 
     1.7 dosing steps are performed, the performed dosing steps are counted and the number of performed dosing steps and/or the number of dosing steps still possible without refilling the syringe is determined and indicated by means of the indicating equipment, 
     1.8 after performing the maximum number of dosing steps possible without refilling the syringe, either the syringe is detached from the pipette, or steps 1.2 to 1.8 are performed anew by means of the same syringe, wherein in step 1.7, the overall performed number of dosing steps with the syringe with the set dosing step size is counted, and/or the number of dosing steps still possible without refilling the syringe is determined and indicated by means of the indicating equipment. 
     In the method of the present invention, the maximum number of dosing steps which are possible at completely filled syringe with the set dosing step size after performing a reverse stroke without refilling the syringe is indicated to the user. Further, the number of performed dosing steps and/or the number of dosing steps still possible with the set dosing step size without refilling the syringe is indicated to the user. As the case may be, after executing the maximum number of dosing steps, a residual amount of liquid remains in the syringe, which is smaller than the set dosing volume. After the execution of the maximum number of dosing steps, the user has either the possibility to detach the used syringe from the pipette, and to perform the method anew from on the beginning after the insertion of a new syringe. Or alternatively, the user can utilize the same syringe a number of times. In case that he/she uses the syringe a number of times, the overall number of dosing steps performed by means of the same syringe is indicated by the indicating equipment. In addition or instead of this, after filling the syringe with liquid anew, the number of metering steps still possible without refilling the syringe is determined and indicated by means of the indicating equipment. When a new syringe is detachably connected to the pipette after the separation of the syringe from the pipette, the metering steps executed with the new syringe are counted and/or the number of metering steps still possible without refilling the new syringe is indicated by means of the indication equipment during the execution of the metering steps. Thus, after replacing the syringe the count of executed metering steps is reset to zero. Hence, the user can perform the metering processes easier and with reduced risk of errors. 
     According to a variant, the indication of the number of executed dosing steps takes place instead of the indication of the still possible number of dosing steps. According to another variant, the number of still possible dosing steps without refilling the syringe is indicated instead of the number of executed dosing steps. In the first mentioned embodiment, it is counted upward, and in the second mentioned embodiment it is counted downward. The number of still possible dosing steps is the difference between the maximum possible number of dosing steps and the number of executed dosing steps. According to a further variant, the number of executed dosing steps and the number of still possible dosing steps is indicated simultaneously up to the complete emptiness of the syringe. 
     According to one embodiment of the method, one of the two numbers mentioned above is displayed greater than the other one. For instance, during dispensing, the sum of the executed dosing steps is displayed greater than the number of still possible dosing steps. 
     According to a further embodiment, the method is performed with a pipette that is driven by hand. With the pipette driven by hand, drawing up liquid into the syringe as well as the stepwise delivery of liquid by means of the syringe is performed by means of a mechanical drive equipment, which the user can drive by muscle force. 
     According to one embodiment of the method, an encoding specifying a syringe volume of the syringe that is connected to the pipette is detected by the pipette, and the dosing volume is determined on the basis of the set dosing step size and the detected encoding, and is indicated by means of the indicating equipment. This embodiment permits the utilization of syringes having different sizes, wherein always that dosing volume is automatically indicated which will be delivered by the respective used syringe with the set dosing step size. 
     According to a further embodiment, an indication referring to the pick-up of liquid is indicated by means of the indicating equipment before liquid is picked up using the syringe that is detachably connected to the pipette. According to one embodiment, the indication is an upward pointing arrow or another obvious symbol. The operation of the pipette is facilitated through this. 
     According to a further embodiment, when liquid is being picked up, an indication, blinking or in other ways referring to the actual process of picking up liquid into the syringe and to the execution of a reverse stroke, is indicated by means of the indicating equipment. Through this, the user is instructed to fill the syringe completely with liquid as completely as possible, and to perform the reverse stroke. Operating errors and dosing errors can be avoided through this. 
     According to a further embodiment, after the complete execution of the reverse stroke, the set dosing volume and the number of performed dosing steps is indicated by means of the indicating equipment. Thus, when dispensing, the user can always inform himself about the set dosing volume and the number of executed dosings. 
     According to a further embodiment, an indication referring to the delivery of liquid is indicated after the complete execution of the reverse stroke. According to one embodiment, the indication is a downward pointing arrow or another obvious symbol. The operation of the pipette is facilitated through this. 
     According to a further embodiment, after performing the maximum possible number of dosing steps, an indication referring to the optional discharge of residual liquid from the syringe and to detaching the syringe from the pipette or to picking up liquid using the same syringe is indicated by means of the indicating equipment. According to one embodiment, the indication comprises one downward and one upward directed arrow or other obvious symbols. The operation of the pipette is facilitated through this. 
     According to a further embodiment, after discharging residual liquid from the syringe, an indication referring to detaching the syringe from the pipette is indicated by means of the indicating equipment. According to a further embodiment, this indication comprises a downward directed arrow or another obvious symbol. The operation of the pipette is facilitated through this. 
     According to a further embodiment, an indication is indicated by means of the indicating equipment only then when a syringe is being detachably connected to the pipette, and/or the indication expires when the syringe is being separated from the pipette. An accumulator or another electric power supply of the pipette is prevented from deterioration through this. 
     According to a further embodiment, after detachably connecting the pipette to the syringe and before picking up liquid into the syringe, an indication referring to positioning the pipette into a lower end position for picking up liquid is indicated by means of the indicating equipment when the pipette is not in the lower end position for picking up liquid. According to one embodiment, the indication is a downward directed arrow or another obvious symbol for bringing the pipette into the lower end position. The operation of the pipette is facilitated through this. 
     According to a further embodiment, after the execution of at least one dosing step and before the execution of the maximum possible number of dosing steps, upon change of the setting of the dosing step size, the newly set dosing volume and the maximum possible number of further dosing steps with the newly set dosing volume without refilling the syringe are indicated by means of the indicating equipment, and the executed number of further dosing steps with the newly set dosing volume is counted and indicated by means of the indicating equipment. Through this, after changing the setting of the dosing step size, the user gets the information about the dosing volume, the maximum possible number of further dosing steps and the executed number of further dosing steps. 
     According to a further embodiment, after changing the dosing step size and subsequent resetting of the dosing step size to the value set before, the maximum possible number of further dosing steps with the dosing step size set before and without refilling the syringe is indicated by means of the indicating equipment, and the dosing steps executed by means of the newly set dosing step size after the resetting, or the overall performed dosing steps before and after the resetting, are counted and indicated by means of the indicating equipment. Through this, after reverting to the previous dosing step size, the user gets the information how many dosing steps he/she can still perform with this dosing volume and how many dosing steps he/she has overall executed with this dosing volume with the same syringe. 
     According to a further embodiment, an indication referring to the execution of a reverse stroke is indicated by means of the indicating equipment in case of performing dosing steps after incomplete pick-up of liquid into the syringe, for so long until the reverse stroke is executed by one or several dosing steps, and subsequent dosing steps are counted and indicated by means of the indicating equipment. Through this, it is ensured that a reverse stroke is made even after partial pick-up of liquid, which overcomes a clearance between pipette and syringe and dosing inaccuracies accompanied by this. Moreover, the number of subsequently executed dosing steps is indicated to the user even after incomplete filling of the syringe. The operation is all in all facilitated through this. This is advantageous notably when precious liquids or liquids available only in small amounts are dosed, which do not suffice for completely filling a syringe. 
     The pipette of the present invention for handling a syringe has
         a bar-shaped housing,   a fixture with an opening at the lower end of the housing for putting in a syringe with a fastening portion on the upper edge of a cylinder,   a fixture body with a further fixture and a further opening on the lower end of the housing, for putting in a further fastening portion of a piston of the syringe,   means for detachably holding the fastening portion in the fixture and the further fastening portion in the further fixture,   means for relocating the fixture body within the housing in the longitudinal direction of the housing,   which comprise a draw-up lever, activated from the outside of the housing, for picking up liquid into the syringe,   an actuation button, activated from the outside of the housing, for stepwise discharging liquid from the syringe,   an adjusting element, adjustable from the outside of the housing for setting a dosing step size,   means for detecting the dosing step size set by means of the adjusting element,   means for detecting a syringe that is detachably connected to the pipette,   means for detecting the execution of a dosing step by actuating the actuation button,   an electronic control equipment, connected to the means for detecting,   an electronic indicating equipment, connected to the electronic control equipment,   wherein the control equipment is configured such that upon syringe inserted into the pipette, it determines the dosing volume based on the set dosing step size and the maximum possible number of dosing steps without refilling the syringe, with the set dosing step size and completely filled syringe, and indicates it by means of the indicating equipment, and determines the number of executed dosing steps and indicates the number of performed dosing steps and/or the number of still possible dosing steps without refilling the syringe by means of the indicating equipment.       

     The means for detecting a syringe that is detachably connected to the pipette send a signal to the control equipment that a syringe is inserted. Then, the control equipment determines the maximum possible number of dosing steps which are possible without refilling the syringe after completely filling the syringe, based on the detected dosing step size and on data concerning the inserted syringe existing in the control equipment. By means of the indicating equipment, the control equipment indicates the dosing volume which is determined from the dosing step size and the determined maximum number of dosing steps. When dosings take place, this is signalized to the control equipment by means of the means for detecting the execution of a dosing step. The control equipment counts the dosing steps and indicates the respective number of executed dosing steps by means of the indicating equipment. Thus, the user is informed about the set dosing volume, the maximum possible number of dosing steps and the respective number of executed dosing steps. According to a variant, the control equipment is configured such that there is an indication of the number of executed dosing steps instead of the indication of the number of dosing steps that are still possible without refilling the syringe. According to a further variant, the control equipment is configured such that the indication of the number of dosing steps still possible without refilling the syringe takes place instead of the indication of the number of executed dosing steps. According to another variant, the control equipment is configured such that the number of executed dosing steps and the indication of the number of dosing steps that are still possible without refilling the syringe are displayed at the same time. 
     According to a further embodiment, the control equipment is configured such that it displays one of the two mentioned numbers greater than the other one. 
     According to one embodiment, the pipette is a pipette driven by the muscle force of the user. According to a further embodiment, the pipette comprises mechanical drive equipments for driving the fixture body, which the user can drive by muscle force. 
     According to one embodiment, the pipette comprises a sensor for detecting an encoding imposing the syringe volume on a syringe that is detachably connected to the pipette. Through this, it is possible to use the pipette with syringes having different volumes, wherein based on the set dosing step size and the determined syringe volume, the control equipment always determines the set dosing volume and displays it via the indicating equipment. The sensor is preferably a ring sensor. According to a preferred embodiment, the sensor for detecting an encoding is at the same time the means for detecting a syringe that is detachably connected to the pipette. 
     According to a further embodiment, the control equipment is configured such that after the execution of the maximum possible number of dosing steps and refilling the same syringe, it determines the number of dosing steps all in all performed with the syringe with the set dosing step size, and/or it determines the number of dosing steps still possible without refilling the syringe and indicates it by means of the indicating equipment. 
     According to a further embodiment, the control equipment is configured such that it indicates an indication referring to the pick-up of liquid by means of the indicating equipment before liquid is picked up using the syringe that is detachably connected to the pipette. According to one embodiment, the control equipment triggers this indication when the means for detecting a syringe signalize that a syringe is detachably connected to the pipette before the means for detecting the execution of a dosing step signalize a dosing step. 
     According to a further embodiment, the control equipment is configured such that when liquid is being picked up, it displays an indication, blinking or in other ways referring to the actual process of picking up liquid into the syringe and to the execution of a reverse stroke, by means of the indicating equipment for so long until a reverse stroke has been performed completely. For this purpose, the pipette comprises, according to one embodiment, means for detecting a relocation of the fixture body into a lower end position for detachably connecting the pipette to a syringe, and means for detecting a relocation of the fixture body into an upper end position for completely filling a syringe, wherein these means for detecting are connected to the electronic control equipment. These means for detecting send a signal to the control equipment that a syringe has been filled completely. The execution of the reverse stroke can be signalized to the control equipment by the means for detecting the execution of a dosing step in case that the reverse stroke is triggered by the actuation button. 
     According to a further embodiment, there are means for detecting a reverse stroke, which detect the actuation of a transmission element for the reverse stroke and are connected to the electronic control equipment. According to a further embodiment, the transmission element for the reverse stroke is coupled to the fixture body, so that it is taken along in the relocation of the fixture body into the upper end position for filling a syringe completely, and is taken along in the opposite direction in the reverse stroke, and the means for detecting the relocation of the fixture body into the upper end position are the means for detecting the reverse stroke at the same time. According to one embodiment, these means for detecting are formed by one single micro-switch, which is switched into different switching states by the transmission element for the reverse stroke when the position for filling a syringe completely is reached and after the execution of the reverse stroke. 
     According to a further embodiment, the control equipment is configured such that after the complete execution of the reverse stroke, it indicates the set dosing volume and the number of performed dosing steps by means of the indicating equipment. The execution of the reverse stroke is signalized to the control equipment by the means for detecting the execution of a dosing step or by the means for detecting the execution of a reverse stroke. The execution of a dosing step is signalized to the control equipment by the means for detecting the execution of a dosing step. The control equipment counts the executed dosing steps and indicates them. 
     According to a further embodiment, the control equipment is configured such that by means of the indicating equipment, it indicates an indication referring to the delivery of liquid after the complete execution of the reverse stroke. The execution of the reverse stroke is signalized to the control equipment by the means for detecting the execution of a dosing step or by the means for detecting the execution of a reverse stroke. 
     According to a further embodiment, the control equipment is configured such that after performing the maximum possible number of dosing steps, it indicates by means of the indicating equipment an indication referring to the optional discharge of residual liquid from the syringe and to detaching the syringe from the pipette or to picking up liquid using the same syringe. According to a further embodiment, the control equipment is configured such that it determines the execution of the maximum possible number of dosing steps by comparing the number of executed dosing steps with the determined maximum number of dosing steps for emptying the syringe. 
     According to a further embodiment, the control equipment is configured such that after discharging residual liquid from the syringe, it indicates by means of the indicating equipment an indication referring to detaching the syringe from the pipette. The discharge of residual liquid from the syringe is signalized to the control equipment by the means for detecting the relocation of the fixture body into a lower end position for inserting the syringe. In the lower end position, the fixture body is displaced towards the fixture for the syringe cylinder as far as possible. The control equipment shows this sign then when a dosing has taken place before. This can be signalized to the control equipment by the means for detecting the execution of a dosing step. 
     According to a further embodiment, the control equipment is configured such that after detachably connecting the pipette to the syringe and before picking up liquid into the syringe, it indicates by means of the indicating equipment an indication referring to positioning the pipette into a lower end position for picking up liquid when the pipette is not in the lower end position for picking up liquid. This is signalized to the pipette by the means for detecting the relocation of the fixture body into a lower end position for inserting a syringe. 
     According to a further embodiment, the control equipment is configured such that after the execution of at least one dosing step and before the execution of the maximum possible number of dosing steps, upon change of the setting of the dosing step size, it indicates by means of the indicating equipment the newly set dosing volume and the maximum possible number of further dosing steps without refilling the syringe with the newly set dosing volume, and the number of executed further dosing steps with the newly set dosing volume is determined and indicated by means of the indicating equipment. The change of the adjustment of the dosing step size is signalized to the control equipment by the means for detecting the set dosing step size. The control equipment determines the number of further dosing steps based on existing data of the syringe volume and of the number of dosing steps executed with the dosing step size that was set before. 
     According to a further embodiment, the control equipment is configured such that after changing the dosing step size and subsequent resetting of the dosing step size to the value set before, it indicates by means of the indicating equipment the maximum possible number of further dosing steps without refilling the syringe with the dosing step size set before, and counts and indicates by means of the indicating equipment the dosing steps executed by means of the newly set dosing step size after the resetting, or the overall performed dosing steps before and after the resetting. According to one embodiment, upon change of the dosing step size, the control equipment memorizes the value of the dosing step size set before, and the number of therewith executed dosing steps. 
     According to a further embodiment, the control equipment is configured such that in case of performing dosing steps after incomplete pick-up of liquid into the syringe, it indicates by means of the indicating equipment an indication referring to the execution of a reverse stroke for so long until the reverse stroke is executed by one or several dosing steps, and counts and indicates by means of the indicating equipment the dosing steps subsequent to this. The incomplete pick-up of liquid is signalized to the pipette in that the means for detecting dosing steps signalize the execution of dosing steps without that the means for detecting a relocation of the fixture body into the upper end position signalize the relocation of the fixture body into the upper end position. The control equipment can perform the number of dosing steps necessary for executing a reverse stroke depending on the set dosing step size, which is signalized to the control equipment by the means for detecting the dosing step size. According to one embodiment, the control equipment resorts to a memorized table for this purpose, in which the number of dosing steps for the execution of a reverse stroke is specified depending on the setting of the dosing step size. 
     The means for detecting are preferably realised in one or several of the following ways: micro-switch, Hall-sensor, Hall-sensor with magnet, Reed contact with magnet, photo-sensor, pressure sensor (for instance touch-screen sensor), capacitive sensor or circuit board with meander-shaped conducting path, actuated by a carbon switch capsule on a flexible foil. 
     The control equipment is preferably a micro-controller. 
     The means for holding the fastening portion in the fixture and the further fastening portion in the further fixture are preferably realised such like this is described in the documents from the state of the art mentioned in the beginning. The means for relocating the fixture body within the housing are preferably realised such like this is described in the documents from the state of the art mentioned in the beginning. The sensor for detecting an encoding of a syringe and the encoding of the syringe are preferably realised such like this is described in the documents from the state of the art mentioned in the beginning. In this respect, reference is made to the documents DE 29 26 691 C2, U.S. Pat. No. 4,406,170A, DE 44 37 716 C2, EP 0 679 439 B1, U.S. Pat. No. 5,591,408A, EP 056 229 B1, U.S. Pat. No. 5,620,660 A, EP 1 724 020 B1, U.S. Pat. No. 7,731,908 B2, EP 0 657,216 B1, U.S. Pat. No. 5,620,661 A, whose content is hereby incorporated into the present application. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The present invention will be explained in more detail in the following by way of the attached drawings of an example of its realisation. In the drawings show: 
         FIG. 1  a pipette of the present invention with syringe held therein, in a perspective view from the side; 
         FIG. 2  the same pipette in a longitudinal section; 
         FIG. 3  fixture body with tooth bar, connection element, draw-up lever and cover tape of the same pipette in a magnified partial section in the longitudinal direction; 
         FIG. 4  the same configuration in a perspective partial view from the side; 
         FIG. 5  the same configuration in a housing half of the pipette in a perspective partial view from another side; 
         FIG. 6  the draw-up lever mount in a perspective view from the side; 
         FIG. 7  the draw-up lever carrier in a perspective view from the other side; 
         FIG. 8  the draw-up lever carrier with inserted cover tape in a perspective view from the side; 
         FIG. 9  the draw-up lever carrier with inserted cover tape in a further perspective view; 
         FIG. 10  fixture body with means for relocating the fixture body, comprising draw-up lever, actuation button, pawl, tooth bar, transmission element for a reverse stroke, upper and lower end position switch, in the upper end position in a longitudinal section; 
         FIG. 11  the same arrangement after a reverse stroke in the same longitudinal section, omitting the front leg of the dosing lever; 
         FIG. 12  the same arrangement shortly before reaching the lower end position in a longitudinal section, seen from the opposing side; 
         FIG. 13  the same arrangement in the lower end position in the same longitudinal section; 
         FIG. 14  the same arrangement in a further longitudinal section through a dosing step sensor for detecting dosing steps when this switch is actuated; 
         FIG. 15  the end position switches and the dosing step sensor for detecting a dosing step with the dosing lever and a transmission element for a reverse stroke, with not actuated dosing step sensor in a perspective partial view; 
         FIG. 16  the same arrangement with actuated dosing step sensor in the same perspective partial view; 
         FIG. 17  method for dosing upon complete filling of the syringe, and indication of the set dosing volume and of the dosing steps in a flow chart; 
         FIG. 18  method for dosing with fixture body initially not thrust back into the lower end position in a flow chart; 
         FIG. 19  part of a method for dosing upon change of the dosing step size in a flow chart; 
         FIG. 20  part of a method for dosing upon change of the dosing step size and subsequent resetting of the dosing step size to the initial value in a flow chart; 
         FIG. 21  method for dosing upon partial filling of the syringe in a flow chart; 
         FIG. 22  table with the number of dosing steps for executing a reverse stroke, at different settings of the dosing step size. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     While this invention may be embodied in many different forms, there are described in detail herein a specific preferred embodiment of the invention. This description is an exemplification of the principles of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiment illustrated. 
     In the present application, the designations “up” and “down” refer to the orientation of the pipette in which the bar-shaped housing is oriented vertically, and the fixture for the syringe is disposed at the downside. 
     According to  FIG. 1 , a pipette  1  has a bar-shaped housing  2 , in which a syringe  3  is held at the downside. From a side wall of the housing  2 , a draw-up lever  5  projects from the housing  2  above a straight slit  4 . An actuation button  8  of a tooth bar pawl control projects from the same side wall of the housing above two further slits  6 ,  7 . Above it, a LCD display  9  is countersunk into the same side wall of the housing  2 . Segments of a dial  10  project from openings in the neighbouring side wall. 
     According to  FIG. 2 , the syringe  3  has a cylinder  11  and a piston  12  movably arranged therein. The cylinder  11  has a conical portion  13  with a hole  14  for the passage of liquids at the downside, and above it a cylindrical portion  15  in which the piston  12  can be displaced. At the upside, the cylinder  11  has a fastening portion  16  with a circumferential flange  17 . A piston rod  18  projects towards the upside from the piston  12 , which has a further fastening portion  19  with several circumferential bulges (not shown). 
     The syringe  3  is arranged with its flange  17  in a fixture  20  at the lower end of the housing  2 , which has an axially directed opening  21 . 1  for insertion and withdrawing of the syringe  3  at the lower end of the housing  2 . With its topside, the syringe  3  pushes against a pressure-sensitive ring sensor  22 , which scans projections on the upper edge of the flange  17 . The flange  17  is kept in the housing  2  in this position by means of gripping levers  23 . 
     The further fastening portion  19  of the piston  12  is disposed in a further fixture  24  in a hollow-cylindrical fixture body  25 . The latter has a further axially oriented opening  21 . 2  for inserting the fastening portion  19 . The further fastening portion  19  is held with further gripping levers  26 , which engage between the bulges of the further fastening portion  19  or clamp it in. 
     The fixture body  25  is fixedly connected to a tooth bar  27 , which extends below the slit  4  in the longitudinal direction of the housing  2 . 
     A draw-up lever mount  28  is fixed on the fixture body  25  and on a lower part of the tooth bar  27 . 
     Further, there is a draw-up lever carrier  29 , which bears against the lower side of the edges of the slit  4  with a sliding board  30 . The draw-up lever carrier  29  has an upward-projecting post  31  which grips through the slit  4 . Outside of the housing  2 , the draw-up lever  5  is fixed on the post. 
     In the upper half of the housing  2 , a dosing lever  34  is pivotally mounted in a hinge bearing  32  in a bulge  33  of the side wall of the housing  2  opposite to the slit  4 . The dosing lever  34  has two spaced apart legs  35 ,  36 , which stand out of the two slits  6 ,  7  on the opposite side wall of the housing  2 . The actuation button  8  is fixed there on the projecting ends of the legs  35 ,  36 . 
     Between the two legs  35 ,  36  of the dosing lever  34 , a pawl  37  is pivotally mounted. The pawl  37  is arranged above the toothing  39  of the tooth bar  27  with a pawl tooth  38 . The dosing lever  34  is pressed into the position of  FIG. 2  by a not shown spring device. Against the action of the spring device, the dosing lever  34  can be swung towards the downside by actuating the actuation button  8 . The pawl  37  is pushed towards the toothing  39  of the tooth bar  27  by a not shown further spring device. 
     A movable covering  40  is arranged between pawl  37  and tooth bar  27 . The covering  40  can be moved by turning the dial  10  which projects laterally out of the housing  2 , so that it covers the toothing  39  of the tooth bar  27  more or less. 
     Further, a circuit board  41  with electronics is arranged in the upper half of the housing  2 . Here is also situated a power supply in the form of batteries or accumulators  42 . 
     A further sensor  43  is assigned to the dial  10 , which acquires the position of the dial  10 . The measurement values determined by the ring sensor  22  and the further sensor  43  are forwarded to the electronics via cable. 
     The code indicated on the flange  17  designates the size of the respective syringe  3 . From the measurement signals provided by the ring sensor  22 , the electronics determines the respective syringe size, and from the setting of the dial  10  the respective step width. From these it calculates the set dosing volume and displays it on the display  9 . 
     At the inside, the slits  6 ,  7  are covered by a diaphragm  44  connected to the dosing lever  34 . 
     According to  FIGS. 3 to 5 , a flexible cover stripe  45  exists in the housing  2  below slit  4  in order to cover up the slit  4 . The cover stripe  45  is made of polypropylene. According to  FIG. 8 , the cover stripe  45  has eyes  46 ,  47  at its ends, which are fixed on pins  48 ,  49  according to  FIG. 2 , which project from the inner side of that side wall of the housing  2  which has the slit  4 . 
     According to  FIGS. 3 to 5 , the cover stripe  45  runs through a channel  50  between draw-up lever mount  28  and draw-up lever carrier  29 . According to  FIGS. 6 and 7 , the channel  50  is limited on opposing sides by a lateral surface  51  with a radius of the draw-up lever mount  28  and by a further lateral surface  52  with corresponding radius of the draw-up lever carrier  29 . The two lateral limits of the channel  50  are formed by two stripe-shaped side walls  53 ,  54  of the draw-up lever carrier  29 . These are connected to each other by a cross member  55  in a distance from the lateral surface  52  that has the radius. Between the further lateral surface  52  having the radius and the cross member  55 , the draw-up lever carrier has a breakthrough  56 . From one side of the cross member  55  project two projections  57 ,  58 , which can be put into corresponding pockets  59 ,  60  of the draw-up lever mount  28 . The two stripe-shaped side walls  53 ,  54  are bridged by a front wall  61 , which has the further lateral surface  52  with the radius at the downside, and from which the post  31  projects at the upside. 
     According to  FIGS. 8 and 9 , the draw-up lever carrier  29  can be pre-assembled with the cover stripe  45  by guiding the cover stripe  45  along the further lateral surface  52  and across the breakthrough  56 , so that it runs on the topside of the cross member  55  between the two stripe-shaped side walls  53 ,  54 . In this configuration, the draw-up lever carrier  29  can be connected to the draw-up lever mount  28  by putting the projections  57 ,  58  into the pockets  59 ,  60  and draw-up lever carrier  29  and draw-up lever mount  28  are glued together or snapped together by suitable snapping means. The cover stripe  45  is then arranged in the channel  50  between lateral surface  51 , further lateral surface  52  and side walls  53 ,  54 . At one side next to the draw-up lever carrier  29 , the cover stripe  45  rests on a projecting rib  51 . 1  of the draw-up lever mount  28  that extends in the longitudinal direction of the slit  4  (compare  FIGS. 4 to 6 ). 
     Draw-up lever mount  28  and draw-up lever carrier  29  form together a connection element  62  between fixture body  25  and draw-up lever  5  (compare  FIG. 2, 3, 4 ). 
     According to  FIGS. 4 and 5 , the draw-up lever mount  28  has wings  63 ,  64  which project from both sides. In the example, the wings  63 ,  64  have a cylindrical shape. They engage into grooves  65 ,  66  on two opposing side walls of the housing  2 . The grooves  65 ,  66  are limited by an edge of a housing half at one side, and on the other side by a ledge of a chassis in which parts of the drive mechanics of the pipette  1  are mounted. 
     According to  FIG. 2 , on the eyes  46 ,  47 , the cover stripe  45  is held stretched at the inner side of the slit  4  by the two pins  48 ,  49  according to  FIG. 8, 9 . According to  FIG. 3 , it is vaulted on the plane in which it extends on both sides of the channel  50  due to the radii of the lateral surfaces  51 ,  52  of the channel  50 . Close bearing of the cover stripe  45  against the edges of the slit  4  is obtained through this. 
     According to  FIGS. 10 and 11 , on its lower end at the side facing away from the tooth bar  27 , the circuit board  41  carries an upper end position switch  67 , formed as a micro-switch, for detecting the upper end position of the fixture body  25 . In the upper end position, the fixture body  25  is maximally dislocated away from the fixture  24  (compare  FIG. 2 ) in order to fill a syringe  3  completely. The upper end position switch  67  is a touch button with a touch lever  68  which projects outwardly with respect to the circuit board  41 . 
     The upper end position switch  67  serves for detecting a reverse stroke at the same time. For this purpose, a transmission element  69  for triggering a reverse stroke is arranged adjacent to the tooth bar  27  within the housing of the pipette. The transmission element  69  has a stripe-shaped transmission portion  70 , which is guided parallel to the tooth bar  27  in the housing of the pipette and is relocatable. The stripe-shaped transmission portion  70  has a lower end  71  of the transmission element, which is situated in the relocation area of a lower stop  72  which protrudes from the side of the tooth bar  27  when the transmission element  69  is relocated downward. 
     Further, the transmission element  69  has two control arms  73 ,  74  at its top, which extend in the plane (vertical to  FIGS. 10 and 11 ) of the circuit board  41  and encompass the lower end of the circuit board  41  on both sides. The transmission element  69  can be relocated such that the control arms  73 ,  74  arrive in the relocation area of chamfered stop edges  77 ,  78  on the legs  35 ,  36  with their control arm ends  75 ,  76  ( FIGS. 10 to 13 ). 
     Further, the transmission element  69  has a switch arm  79  at its top, which encompasses the circuit board  41  in a distance on that side on which the upper end position switch  67  is arranged. The switch arm  79  is configured such that it actuates or releases the touch lever  68  of the upper end position switch  67  with its upper switch arm end  80  when the transmission element  69  is relocated. In the situation of  FIG. 10 , the switch arm  79  actuates the upper end position switch  67 , the touch lever  68  being covered by the leg  35  of the dosing lever  34 . In  FIG. 11  is shown how the switch arm  79  releases the touch lever  68  of the upper end position switch  67 . 
     According to  FIGS. 12 and 13 , next to its lower end at the side facing the tooth bar  27 , the circuit board  41  carries a lower end position switch  81 , formed as a micro-switch. The lower end position switch  81  is a touch button with a touch lever  82  projecting towards the circuit board  41 . The touch lever  82  is situated in the relocation area of an upper stop  83  which protrudes from the opposite side of the tooth bar  27 . In  FIG. 12 , the upper stop  83  releases the touch lever  82 , and in  FIG. 13  it actuates it. 
     According to  FIGS. 14 to 16 , a dosing step sensor  84  for detecting dosing steps is arranged on the circuit board  41  adjacent to the upper end position switch  67 . The dosing step sensor  84  is also a touch button. The touch organ is preferably a membrane made of plate which can be deformed from a stable, outward vaulted starting position to an unstable, inward vaulted position in which is closes an electric circuit. After release, the plate membrane reverts automatically from the unstable to the stable position in which the electric circuit is opened. 
     With its membrane, the dosing step sensor  84  is situated in the pivot area of a pin  85  made of silicone, which is arranged on a dosing lever base  86  of the dosing lever  34 , connecting the legs  35 ,  36  of the dosing lever  34  and mounted on the hinge bearing  32 . 
     According to  FIGS. 2, 10 and 11 , the circuit board  41  carries an electronic control equipment  87 , which is wired to the ring sensor  22 , the further sensor  43  for detecting the rotational position of the dial  10 , the upper end position switch  67 , the lower end position switch  81 , the dosing step sensor  84  and the display  9 . The control equipment  87  is further connected to the accumulator  42 . 
     In the utilization of the pipette  1  from  FIGS. 1 to 16 , a syringe  3  with a syringe size selected by the user is detachably connected to the pipette at first, by putting it into the fixture  20  in the fastening portion  16 , and into the fixture  24  with the fastening portion  19 , so that the flange  22  is grasped by the gripping levers  23  and the fastening portion  19  by the gripping levers  26 . 
     The ring sensor  22  scans the encoding on the flange  17  of the syringe  3 . Based on the signals furnished by the ring sensor  22 , the control equipment  87  detects that a syringe  3  is inserted, and switches the display  9  on. Based on the signals furnished by the ring sensor  22  and the sensor  43 , the control equipment  87  determines the set dosing volume and indicates it on the display  9 . As the case may be, the user changes the setting of the dosing volume by means of the dial  10 , and the changed dosing volume is indicated by the display  9 . 
     Further, the control equipment  87  determines the maximum possible number of dosing steps for emptying the syringe  3  after complete filling and indicates it. Further, the control equipment  87  gives a sign by an upward directed arrow on the display  9  that liquid can be picked up into the syringe  3 . 
     In order to draw up liquid through the opening  14  of the syringe  3 , the draw-up lever  5  is pushed upward from the position of  FIGS. 1, 2 and 13 . In the lower end position of the fixture body  25 , the upper stop  83  actuates the touch lever  82  of the lower end position switch  81  according to  FIG. 13 . When the fixture body  25  leaves the lower end position, the upper stop  83  releases the lower end position switch  81 , like this is shown in  FIG. 12 . As soon as the lower end position switch  81  signalizes this to the control equipment  87 , the latter triggers a blinking of the indication on the display  9 . 
     When the draw-up motion is ended, the lower stop  72  takes the transmission element  69  along, so that the switch arm  79  pushes against the touch lever  68  of the upper end position switch  67 . By this actuation of the end position switch  68 , it is signalized to the control equipment  87  that the syringe  3  has been filled completely. 
     Before the set dosing volume can be delivered stepwise, a reverse stroke must be done. This happens by actuating the actuation button  8 . In this, the stop edges  77 ,  78  hit the control arms  73 ,  74  and relocate the transmission element  69  downward. The transmission element  69  takes the tooth bar  27  along via the lower stop  72 . The clearance is removed from the system by this reverse stroke. Moreover, the switch arm  79  is released from the touch lever  68  of the upper end position switch  67  in this, whereby it is signalized to the control equipment  87  that a reverse stroke has been made. 
     After the reverse stroke, the display  9  stops blinking and indicates that zero dosing steps have been executed. Further, by displaying a downward directed arrow, the display  9  indicates that liquid can be delivered. 
     Thereafter, the drawn-up amount of liquid can be delivered in small steps by pushing the actuation button  8  repeatedly downward against the action of the spring equipment. In this, the further spring equipment pushes the pawl  37  with the pawl tooth  38  against the covering  40  until the pawl tooth  38  reaches the lower end of the covering  40 . Thereafter, the pawl  37  engages with the pawl tooth  38  into the toothing  39  of the tooth bar  27 , and takes the tooth bar  27  somewhat along in the further downward swinging of the dosing lever  34 . When the dosing lever  34  is swung up to its arrival on a lower stop, the relocation of the tooth bar  27  depends on a position of the covering  40  set by means of the dial  10 . After unloading the actuation button  8 , it is pushed upward by the spring equipment, and a further dosing step can be performed. 
     In each dosing step, the pin  85  hits the dosing step sensor  84  and actuates it (compare  FIG. 14 ). This signalizes the execution of a dosing step to the control equipment  87 . The control equipment  87  adds up the executed dosing steps and indicates the respective number of executed dosing steps on the display  9 . 
     Dispensing without having to refill the syringe  3  is possible for so long until the residual amount of liquid remained in the syringe is smaller than the set dosing amount. A residual stroke blocker provides that the covering  40  is swung against the bottom side of the pawl  37 , so that the pawl tooth  38  can no more engage into the toothing  39 . 
     Then, the control equipment  87  indicates on the display  9  that the maximum number of dosing steps has taken place. Further, by the indication of a downward directed arrow it gives a sign that either liquid can be aspirated into the syringe  3  anew, or the residual liquid can be drained from the syringe  3  and the syringe  3  can be separated from the pipette  1 . In case that further liquid is aspirated into the same syringe  3 , the process is like that described above, wherein the control equipment  87  determines the sum of the dosing steps executed with the same set dosing volume, and indicates it on the display  9 . 
     Any residual liquid in the syringe  3  can be discharged by relocating the draw-up lever  5  downward. The lower end position switch is actuated in doing so. Then, the control equipment  87  indicates a downward directed arrow on the display  9 , as a sign that the syringe  3  can be separated from the pipette  1 . In order to do this, the user actuates the gripping levers  23 ,  26 . 
     When the draw-up lever  5  is dislocated, the cover stripe  45  is guided through the channel  50 . The slit  4  remains always covered. The friction between cover stripe  45  and connection element is acting against any unintended relocation of the fixture body  25 , as well as against that of the connection element with the draw up lever  5 . 
     The process mentioned above is illustrated in  FIG. 17 . In the boxes of the flow chart, the associated indication in the display is given, and with explanations. A set dosing volume of 500 ml is indicated in the example. 
     The process of  FIG. 18  differs from the process of  FIG. 17  in that the draw-up lever  5  is not in the lower end position when the pipette  1  is detachably connected to the syringe  3 . The control equipment  87  can notice this in that the ring sensor  22  reports the insertion of a syringe  3 , and the lower end position switch  81  reports that the fixture body  25  is not in the lowermost end position. In this position, the indication on the indicating equipment  9  gives a sign by a downward directed arrow to relocate the draw-up lever  5  downward. Only when this has happened, the set dosing volume, the maximum number of dosing steps and the upward directed arrow are indicated as a hint that the syringe  3  should be refilled. The further process corresponds to that of  FIG. 17 . 
     The process of  FIG. 19  differs from the process of  FIG. 17  in that the setting of the dosing volume is changed in the dispensing. For instance, the dosing volume is altered to 250 ml after a dosing step with a dosing volume of 500 ml. The newly set dosing volume is then indicated by means of the indicating equipment  9 , and also the maximum number of possible further dosing steps with this dosing volume and the liquid still remaining in the syringe  3 . In the example, these are 8 further steps. Further, the dosing steps which were executed with the newly set dosing volume are counted and indicated. 
     The process of  FIG. 20  differs from the process of  FIG. 19  in that the dosing volume is reset to the initial value after the change of the dosing volume. In the example, the dosing volume is changed to a dosing volume of 250 ml after a dosing step of 500 ml. After one dosing step with a dosing volume of 250 ml, the dosing volume is reset to the initial dosing volume of 500 ml. Thereafter, the maximum number of possible further dosing steps with the initial dosing volume and the liquid still remaining in the syringe is indicated. In the dispensing, the dosing steps executed with this dosing amount after the resetting of the dosing amount to the initial value are counted and indicated. In a possible alternative, after the resetting of the dosing amount to the initially set value, the overall executed dosing steps with this dosing amount before and after the resetting, are counted and indicated in the dispensing. 
     The process of  FIG. 21  differs from the process of  FIG. 17  in that the syringe  3  is only partially filled. This is detected by the control equipment  87  on the basis of the signals of the lower end position switch  81  and the upper end position switch  67 . Namely, when the lower end position switch  81  reports that the fixture body  15  has leaved the lower end position, and thereafter the dosing step counter reports the execution of a dosing step without that the upper end position switch  67  reports the arrival in the upper end position, the syringe has been filled only partially. The control equipment  87  emits then a blinking indication via the display  9 . The blinking display further indicates the set dosing volume, the maximum possible number of dosing steps and the upward directed arrow. By the blinking of the display, it is indicated to the user that there is a partial filling, so that achieving the maximum number of dosing steps is not ensured. 
     The control equipment  87  stops the blinking of the indication only then when the user has executed a sufficient number of dosing steps which correspond to a reverse stroke. Through this, it is indicated to the user that no accurate dosing has taken place, and he/she should throw the delivered dosing amounts away. As soon as the reverse stroke has been done, the control equipment  87  outputs via the indicating equipment  9  the set dosing volume, the number of executed dosing steps and an arrow advising the downward relocation of the fixture body  25 . 
     For each set dosing volume, the control equipment  87  looks up the number of necessary dosing steps for realising a reverse stroke in a memorized table. An example for such a table is given in  FIG. 22 . 
     The above processes of  FIGS. 17 to 21  can be performed notably by means of the pipette according to  FIGS. 1 to 16 . The processes of  FIGS. 1 to 17  can also be performed by means of other suitable pipettes. 
     LIST OF REFERENCE SIGNS 
     
         
           1  pipette 
           2  housing 
           3  syringe 
           4  slit 
           5  draw-up lever 
           6  slit 
           7  slit 
           8  actuation button 
           9  display 
           10  dial 
           11  cylinder 
           12  piston 
           13  portion 
           14  hole 
           15  portion 
           16  fastening portion 
           17  flange 
           18  piston rod 
           19  fastening portion 
           20  fixture 
           21 . 1  opening 
           21 . 2  opening 
           22  ring sensor 
           23  gripping lever 
           24  fixture 
           25  fixture body 
           26  gripping lever 
           27  tooth bar 
           28  draw-up lever mount 
           29  draw-up lever carrier 
           30  sliding board 
           31  post 
           32  hinge bearing 
           33  bulge 
           34  dosing lever 
           35  leg 
           36  leg 
           37  pawl 
           38  pawl tooth 
           39  toothing 
           40  covering 
           41  circuit board 
           42  accumulator 
           43  sensor 
           44  diaphragm 
           45  cover stripe 
           46  eye 
           47  eye 
           48  pin 
           49  pin 
           50  channel 
           51  lateral surface 
           52  lateral surface 
           53  side wall 
           54  side wall 
           55  cross member 
           56  breakthrough 
           57  projection 
           58  projection 
           59  pocket 
           60  pocket 
           61  wall 
           62  connection element 
           63  wing 
           64  wing 
           65  groove 
           66  groove 
           67  upper end position switch 
           68  touch lever 
           69  transmission element 
           70  transmission portion 
           71  lower end of transmission element 
           72  lower stop 
           73  control arm 
           74  control arm 
           75  upper end of control arm 
           76  upper end of control arm 
           77  stop edge 
           78  stop edge 
           79  switch arm 
           80  upper end of switch arm 
           81  lower end position switch 
           82  touch lever 
           83  upper stop 
           84  dosing step sensor 
           85  pin 
           86  dosing lever base 
           87  control equipment 
       
    
     The above disclosure is intended to be illustrative and not exhaustive. This description will suggest many variations and alternatives to one of ordinary skill in this art. All these alternatives and variations are intended to be included within the scope of the claims where the term “comprising” means “including, but not limited to”. Those familiar with the art may recognize other equivalents to the specific embodiments described herein which equivalents are also intended to be encompassed by the claims. 
     Further, the particular features presented in the dependent claims can be combined with each other in other manners within the scope of the invention such that the invention should be recognized as also specifically directed to other embodiments having any other possible combination of the features of the dependent claims. For instance, for purposes of claim publication, any dependent claim which follows should be taken as alternatively written in a multiple dependent form from all prior claims which possess all antecedents referenced in such dependent claim if such multiple dependent format is an accepted format within the jurisdiction (e.g. each claim depending directly from claim  1  should be alternatively taken as depending from all previous claims). In jurisdictions where multiple dependent claim formats are restricted, the following dependent claims should each be also taken as alternatively written in each singly dependent claim format which creates a dependency from a prior antecedent-possessing claim other than the specific claim listed in such dependent claim below. 
     This completes the description of the preferred and alternate embodiments of the invention. Those skilled in the art may recognize other equivalents to the specific embodiment described herein which equivalents are intended to be encompassed by the claims attached hereto.