Abstract:
Low-viscosity (cyclo)-aliphatic polyamines containing urea groups and having more than two amino groups may be prepared by reacting (cyclo)aliphatic diamines with polyisocyanates containing isocyanurate groups or biuret groups. Such polyamines are useful as components in PUR reaction finishes and coating and adhesive compositions.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The present invention relates to low-viscosity (cyclo)aliphatic polyamines containing urea groups and having more than 2 amino groups and to a process for their preparation. 
     2. Discussion of the Background 
     Low molecular weight (cyclo)aliphatic diamines containing urea groups, and of course particularly higher functional polyamines, are either solid or highly viscous at room temperature and cannot be processed in the absence of a solvent. 
     However, low-viscosity (cyclo)aliphatic polyamines containing urea groups would be desirable for use in polyurethane (PUR) reaction finishes and also as components in coatings and adhesives. Thus, there is a need for low-viscosity (cyclo)aliphatic polyamines containing urea groups. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Accordingly, it is one object of the present invention to provide novel polyamines. 
     It is another object of the present invention to provide novel polyamines which contain urea groups and have a low viscosity. 
     It is another object of the present invention to provide a process for preparing such polyamines. 
     It is another object of the present invention to provide novel coating compositions which comprise such a polyamine. 
     It is another object of the present invention to provide a method for coating a substrate with such a coating composition. 
     It is another object of the present invention to provide novel adhesives which contain such a polyamine. 
     It is another object of the present invention to provide a method for adhering two surfaces with such an adhesive. 
     These and other objects, which will become apparent during the following detailed description, have been achieved by the inventors&#39; discovery that low-viscosity (cyclo)aliphatic polyamines containing urea groups may be obtained by reacting (cyclo)aliphatic diamines with polyisocyanates containing isocyanurate groups or biuret groups. 
     The present invention thus provides to low-viscosity (cyclo)aliphatic polyamines containing urea groups and having more than two amino groups, obtainable by reacting diamines of the formula (I) 
     
         R.sup.1 --NH--A--NH--R.sup.2                               (I) 
    
     where A represents a (cyclo)aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having 2-16C atoms which is optionally C 1-4  -alkyl-substituted, R 1  and R 2  denote H or a radical of the formula ##STR1## and R3 denotes a (cyclo)aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having 1-12C atoms, which is optionally branched, 
     with polyisocyanates containing isocyanurate and/or biuret groups of the formula (IIa) and (IIb) 
     
         OCN--(B)--[X].sub.n --NCO                                  (IIa) 
    
     and 
     
         OCN--(B)--NCO,                                             (IIb), 
    
     where B denotes ##STR2## [X] n  denotes: ##STR3## and n denotes 1-4 and S indicates a saturated ring, the weight ratio of (IIa) to (IIb) is (100 to 20) to (0 to 80) and 1 to 5 mole of the diamine (I) are used per the total of NCO groups in the compounds of formulae (IIa) and (IIb). 
     The invention furthermore provides low-viscosity (cyclo)aliphatic polyamines containing urea groups and having more than two amino groups, obtainable by: 
     (A) reacting diamines of the formula (I) 
     
         NH.sub.2 --A--NH.sub.2                                     (I) 
    
     where A represents a (cyclo)aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having 2-16C atoms which is optionally C 1-4  -alkyl-substituted, 
     with polyisocyanates containing isocyanurate and/or biuret groups and of the formula (IIa) and (IIb) 
     
         OCN--(B)--[X].sub.n --NCO                                  (IIa) 
    
     and 
     
         OCN--(B)--NCO                                              (IIb), 
    
     where B denotes ##STR4## [X] n  denotes: ##STR5## and n denotes 1-4, the weight ratio of (IIa) to (IIb) is (100 to 20) to (0 to 80) and 1 to 5 mole of the diamines (I) are used per the total of NCO groups in the compounds of formulae (IIa) and (IIb); and 
     (B) and then reacting the product with one mole of maleic or fumaric C 1-2  -(cyclo)aliphatic hydrocarbyl ester per NH 2  equivalent. 
     The invention also provides low-viscosity, ureacontaining (cyclo)aliphatic polyamines, which contain inert compounds, such as, for example, plasticizers, in amounts of 5 to 100 parts by weight, based on the weight of the diamine of formula (I). 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     Thus, thee low-viscosity (cyclo)aliphatic polyamines containing urea groups according to the present invention can be obtained by various processes. 
     In a first method, when R 1  and R 2  are hydrogen or a radical of the formula --CH(COR 3 )CH 2  CO 2  R 3 , the preparation of the compounds according to the present invention is carried out by reacting the compounds of formulae (I) and (II) in a molar ratio of 1:1 to 5:1, the polyisocyanate of formula (II) being added in portions to the diamine of formula (I) which is heated to 100°-190° C., with thorough stirring and blanketing with nitrogen. After the end of the polyisocyanate addition, the reaction mixture is heated for about a further 10 minutes. It is then cooled to room temperature. 
     In a second method for the preparation of the polyamines according to the present invention, the polyamines produced by the first method in which R 1  and R 2  are hydrogen are reacted as follows. The reaction mixture is cooled to room temperature and is reacted with a maleic or fumaric C 1-2  -(cyclo)aliphatic hydrocarboyl ester so that 1 mole of maleic or fumaric ester is reacted per 1 NH 2  equivalent at 50° to 70° C. 
     The compounds according to the present invention--the reaction products of the compounds of formulae (I) and (II)--are characterized by an amine content of 1-4 mmol/g, by an isocyanurate group content of 1-6 % (based on 126 g/mol) or by a biuret group content of 1-5 % (based on 98 g/mol). Their viscosity at 25° C. can be varied within a wide range. It is 100-10 5  mPa.s, depending on the ratio of NH equivalents to NCO equivalents. 
     The diamines of formula (I) used for the preparation of the polyamines according to the present invention have long been known and do not form a subject of the present invention. They are obtained by reacting the diamines H 2  N--A--NH 2  and maleic or fumaric esters, 0.5 mole of diamine being reacted in a known manner per mole of maleic or fumaric ester. The diamines H 2  N--A--NH 2  are aliphatic or cycloaliphatic diamines, such as, for example, 1,6-diaminohexane, 2-methyl-1,5-diaminopentane 2,2,4(2,4,4)-trimethyl-1,6 diaminohexane (TMD), 2,4&#39;- and/or 4,4&#39;-diaminodicyclohexylmethane, 1,11-diaminoundecane, 1,12-diaminododecane, 1,4- and 1,2-diaminocyclohexane, m-hexahydroxylylenediamine, 1-amino-3,5,5-trimethyl-5-aminomethylcyclohexane (isophoronediamine, abbreviated to IPD). 
     The polyisocyanates which are suitable for the preparation of the polyamines according to the present invention are polyisocyanates containing isocyanurate or biuret groups. The preparation of these isocyanuratoisocyanates is described in German Offenlegungsschrift 23 25 826, 26 44 684, 28 21 109 and 29 16 301. They are prepared by partial trimerization of the diisocyanate with the aid of a catalyst--the quaternary ammonium salts described in German Offenlegungsschrift 29 16 201 have proved most suitable--and subsequent separation of the unconverted diisocyanate by thin-film distillation from the reaction product, the polyisocyanate containing isocyanurate groups. As a rule, the monomer-freed isocyanuratoisocyanates are used for the reaction of the diamines with the isocyanuratoisocyanates by the process according to the invention. In some cases, it has proved expedient to use the partially trimerized diisocyanate mixture without separating the unconverted diisocyanate beforehand. The polyisocyanates which contain biuret groups and are suitable according to the invention are described in German Offenlegungsschrift 23 08 015. They are prepared by reacting water with excess diisocyanate, the unconverted diisocyanate being separated by thin film distillation after biuret formation is complete. The same applies here as in the case of the polyisocyanates containing isocyanurate groups. As a rule, the monomer-freed polyisocyanate containing biuret groups is used; in some cases, however, removal of diisocyanate may be dispensed with. 
     The compounds according to the invention are outstandingly suitable for the preparation of PUR reaction finishes, coatings and adhesives, the curing of which is effected at room temperature or slightly elevated temperature, as a rule 80° C. The coatings and adhesives of the present invention will typically contain, in addition to the polyamine of the present invention, a curing agent such as hydroxy-functional polyesters and acrylic resins. PUR coatings are described in Kirk-Othmer, Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 4th Ed., Wiley, N.Y., vol. 6, pp. 686-690 (1993), which is incorporated herein by reference. 
     Other features of the invention will become apparent in the course of the following descriptions of exemplary embodiments which are given for illustration of the invention and are not intended to be limiting thereof. 
    
    
     EXAMPLES 
     A.1. Reaction Products of 1 Mole of Diamine and 2 Moles of Maleic Ester 
     General Preparation Method 
     1 mole of diamine is added dropwise to 2 moles of maleic or fumaric ester at 50°-60° C. in such a way that the temperature of the reaction mixture does not exceed 70° C. After the end of the diamine addition, heating is continued for about a further 2 hours at 60° C. to complete the reaction. A further treatment (distillation) of the reaction mixture is not required for the further reaction with the polyisocyanate. 
     
                                           TABLE 1__________________________________________________________________________Composition                          NH.sub.2                                     ViscosityNo.   Diamine (1 mol)       Maleic ester (2 mol)                                mmol/g                                     at 25° C. mPa ·                                     s__________________________________________________________________________1  IDP                   Diethyl maleate                                3.77 3402  IDP                   Dibutyl maleate                                3.12 1653  IDP                   Di-2-ethylhexyl maleate                                2.26 1264  TMD                   Diethyl maleate                                3.89 1005  TMD                   Dibutyl maleate                                3.17 95    ##STR6##             Diethyl maleate                                4.05 8707    ##STR7##             Dibutyl maleate                                3.28 7308    ##STR8##             Diethyl maleate                                3.56 12009    ##STR9##             Dibutyl maleate                                2.92 1080__________________________________________________________________________ 
    
     A.2. Polyisocyanates 
     Polyisocyanate 1 
     Commercial isocyanuratoisocyanate based on isophorone diisocyanate having an NCO content of 17.2%. 
     Polyisocyanate 2 
     Commercial isocyanuratoisocyanate based on hexamethylene diisocyanate having an NCO content of 21%. 
     Polyisocyanate 3 
     Commercial biuret based on hexamethylene diisocyanate having an NCO content of 22.9%. 
     B.1. Examples 1 to 11 
     Compounds According to the Invention (Reaction: A.1.+A.2.) 
     General Preparation Method 
     The polyisocyanate is added in portions, in the course of about 0.5 hour, to the disecondary diamine heated to 100° to 150° C., with thorough stirring and blanketing with nitrogen. After the end of the polyisocyanate addition, the mixture is immediately cooled to room temperature. 
     
                                           TABLE 2__________________________________________________________________________Composition               NH:NCO--       Visc. atExampleParts    Diamine         Parts             Polyisocyanate                     ratio as number                             NH.sub.2 content                                    25°No.  by wt.    (A.1.)         by wt.             (A.2)   of equivalents                             mmol/g mPa · s__________________________________________________________________________1    70  No. 4         30  No. 1   2.26:1  1.51   10,0002    80  No. 4         20  No. 2   2.18:1  2.12   16,0003    90  No. 4         10  No. 2   7.17:1  3.02    1,3004    90  No. 4         10  No. 1   8.37:1  3.10    1,8505    80  No. 1         20  No. 2   3.11:1  2.08   21,0006    90  No. 1         10  No. 2   7:1     3.0    10,5007    92.6    No. 2         7.4 No. 2   7.8:1   2.4     2,7808    86.3    No. 2         13.7             No. 2   3.89:1  1.95   16,5009    90  No. 5         10  No. 1   7.15:1  2.46     74010   90  No. 7         10  No. 1   7.3:1   2.55    1,73011   90  No. 9         10  No. 1   6.59:1  2.35    1,700__________________________________________________________________________ 
    
     B.2. Examples 12 to 25 
     Compounds According to the Invention 
     (Reaction Products of Diamines and Polyisocyanates (A.2.)) 
     General Preparation Method 
     The polyisocyanate is added in portions, with thorough stirring and blanketing with nitrogen, to the diamine heated to 150°-180° C., in a manner such that the temperature of the reaction mixture does not exceed 190° C. After the end of the polyisocyanate addition, heating is continued for about a further 10 minutes. The reaction is then complete. 
     
                                           TABLE 3__________________________________________________________________________ExampleComposition                         NH.sub.2 content                                           ViscosityNo.  Parts by wt.       Diamine      Parts by wt.                           Polyisocyanate                                    mmol/g at 25° C. mPa                                           · s__________________________________________________________________________12   500    IPD          100    Polyisocyanate 1                                    9.15   92013   500    IPD          125    Polyisocyanate 1                                    8.32   3,20014   500    IPD          150    Polyisocyanate 1                                    7.60   23,70015   500    TMD          100    Polyisocyanate 1                                    9.61   4316   500    TMD          150    Polyisocyanate 1                                    8.31   18017   500    TMD          200    Polyisocyanate 1                                    7.48   1,13018   500    TMD          250    Polyisocyanate 1                                    6.71   5,90019   500    IPD          100    Polyisocyanate 1                                    8.01   4,65020   500    IPD          125    Polyisocyanate 1                                    7.80   11,50021   500        ##STR10##   100    Polyisocyanate 1                                    13.5   10022   500        ##STR11##   200    Polyisocyanate 1                                    11.18  10023   500        ##STR12##   300    Polyisocyanate 1                                    9.27   87024   500        ##STR13##   400    Polyisocyanate 1                                    7.77   26,00025   500    IPD          160    Polyisocyanate 2                                    7.38   39,000__________________________________________________________________________ 
    
     B.3. Examples 26 to 31 
     Compounds According to the Invention 
     (Reaction Products of B.2.+Maleic Ester) 
     General Preparation Method 
     The preparation of the compounds according to the invention is carried out analogously to the preparation of the compounds described in A.1., 1 amine equivalent of the amines B.2. being reacted per mole of maleic or fumaric ester. 
     
                                           TABLE 4__________________________________________________________________________  Composition         Polyamine                NH.sub.2 content                                         Viscosity at 25° C.Example No.  Parts by wt.         Example No. (B.2.)                   Parts by wt.                          Maleic ester                                  mmol/g mPa · s__________________________________________________________________________26     133.6  6         172    Diethyl maleate                                  3.27   1,10027     120    16        172    Diethyl maleate                                  3.42     90028     120    16        228    Dibutyl maleate                                  2.87     40029     132    14        228    Dibutyl maleate                                  2.78   1,20030     132    14        172    Diethyl maleate                                  3.29   7,50031     132    24        228    Dibutyl maleate                                  2.80     480__________________________________________________________________________ 
    
     The present application is based on German Patent Application P 44 39 421.7 filed on Nov. 4, 1995, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 
     Obviously, numerous modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that, within the scope of the appended claims, the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described herein.