Abstract:
Natural 3D images are created on a standard television screen or a movie screen which can be viewed without requiring the use of special glasses or viewing devices. For television, the incoming 2D signal and a delayed 2D signal are supplied simultaneously to the input of the television receiver to produce a 3D image on the screen. For motion pictures, the film and a staggered film portion separated by a predetermined number of frames are fed simultaneously and in opposite directions through a film gate of a projector and moved intermittently therein in a predetermined sequence to produce a 3D image on the motion picture screen.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application claims the priority of provisional Patent Application No. 61/213,670, filed on Jul. 1, 2009. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    1. Field of the Invention 
         [0003]    The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for three-dimensional (“3D”) viewing of television and motion pictures, and, more particularly, to such a method and apparatus that does not require the use of special glasses or viewing devices for 3D viewing. 
         [0004]    2. Description of the Background Art 
         [0005]    There are currently many different types of 3D viewing systems in use for television and motion pictures, all of which require the use of special glasses for 3D viewing. These systems are subject to one or more of the following disadvantages: 
         [0006]    1. They do not show natural 3D and require special glasses, viewing devices or equipment; 
         [0007]    2. There may be deleterious effects on the brain or the eyes by continuous long term viewing with special 3D glasses; 
         [0008]    3. There may be a degradation of clarity, color or sound; 
         [0009]    4. Significant changes are required to TV broadcasting systems; 
         [0010]      5 .  3 D systems for television and motion pictures are complicated and expensive; and 
         [0011]    6. The quality of the 3D viewing may vary depending on the viewing angles and distances from the TV or motion picture screen. 
         [0012]    Accordingly, a need has arisen for a new and improved 3D viewing method and apparatus which does not require the use of special glasses or viewing devices for 3D viewing. The present invention meets this need. 
       BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0013]    The new and improved method and apparatus of the present invention produces natural 3D viewing of both television and motion pictures without the use of special glasses, viewing devices or expensive and complicated equipment. 
         [0014]    For 3D television viewing, a first normal 2D television signal is sent to the television inlet in combination with a simultaneous second 2D signal that is delayed sufficiently from the first signal to produce 3D viewing on the television screen which does not require the use of special glasses. The delayed signal is obtained by the use of one or more capacitors wired in series to create the desired  3 delay. For optimum 3D viewing, the delay should be about 1/10 of a second based on human brain capacity. The number of capacitors required to obtain the desired delay signal would depend on the frequency of the television set. If the delay between the first and second 2D signals is too large, flicker may occur which will adversely affect the 3D viewing. Also, if the delay is too short, there may be too small of a 3D effect. 
         [0015]    For motion picture 3D viewing, the film from the film supply reel of a projector is passed through the film gate and thereafter a stagger loop is created which is then fed back into the film gate so that there is a delay of a predetermined number of frames before the film is fed back into the film gate in the opposite direction. In accordance with the normal operation of a projector, the overlapped films that are staggered by the predetermined number of frames are intermittently stopped in the film gate in a predetermined sequence to create a natural 3D projection on a motion picture screen. Normally a stagger of three or four film frames will produce natural 3D in a 24 frames per second projector. Preferably, the stagger should not be more than about eight film frames in order to preclude flicker which will adversely affect 3D viewing. Normal 2D film is used to produce the 3D effect in the projector. The film frame delay required for optimum 3D motion picture viewing will depend on the speed of the motion picture projector, and thus the size of the stagger loop can be varied depending on this speed. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0016]      FIG. 1  is a diagrammatic view of the apparatus in accordance with the present invention for producing 3D television viewing; 
           [0017]      FIG. 2   a  is a diagrammatic view of a film projector during the first projection of an image for normal 2D motion picture viewing; 
           [0018]      FIG. 2   b  is a diagrammatic view of the film projector of  FIG. 2   a  when the light is blocked without film advance; and 
           [0019]      FIG. 3  is a diagrammatic view of the new and approved apparatus of the present invention for producing 3D motion picture viewing. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0020]      FIG. 1  illustrates the apparatus  10  for producing 3D images on the screen of a television receiver  12  without requiring the use of special glasses or viewing devices for 3D viewing. The apparatus  10  receives a first normal 2D TV signal  14  and produces a second delay 2D signal  16  that is combined with the first signal  14  and presented simultaneously as a 3D signal  18  to the antenna or signal inlet  20  of the television receiver  12 . The delay signal  16  is produced, e.g., by passing the first 2D signal  14  through one or more capacitors  22 ,  24 ,  26 ,  28 ,  30  connected in series which create a delay between the second delay signal  16  and the first signal  14  that is sufficient to produce the 3D signal  18  that may be viewed as a 3D presentation on the television receiver  12  without the use of any special eyeglasses, viewing devices or the like. It has been found that optimum 3D viewing can be obtained with about one-tenth of a second delay between the first signal  14  and the second delay signal  16 . If the delay is too long, flicker may occur which will adversely affect the TV viewing. On the other hand, if the delay is too short, there will be less of a 3D effect on the television screen. 
         [0021]    The number and size of the capacitors  22 - 30  will depend on what is required to sufficiently delay the second delay signal  16  from the first signal  14  based on the frequency of the television receiver. As an illustrative example, in the case of a 50 hertz frequency television receiver, five capacitors  22 - 30  connected in series may be required with the following values: 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Capacitor 
                 uF 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 22 
                 500 
               
               
                   
                 24 
                 470 
               
               
                   
                 26 
                 320 
               
               
                   
                 28 
                 270 
               
               
                   
                 30 
                 220 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0022]    To adjust the capacitance, the capacitor  30  may be a variable capacitor. Also, as an option, a choke coil  32  shown in broken lines in  FIG. 1  may be connected to the capacitors to adjust the delay. For television sets having a frequency higher than 50 hertz, more capacitors connected in series may be required to produce a sufficient delay for optimal 3D viewing. 
         [0023]    It will be readily seen that the apparatus  10  for creating a 3D image on a television screen is simple in construction and may be easily connected to or built into a television receiver without requiring any significant changes to the normal television receiver construction. The new and improved apparatus  10  has the following advantages:
       1. It produces natural 3D viewing;   2. No special glasses or equipment are required;   3. There is no degradation of clarity, color or sound;   4. The viewing of 3D can be effected from large angles with respect to the TV screen and various distances from the TV screen;   5. There are no deleterious effects by continuous long-term viewing.   6. No changes are required to TV broadcasting systems;   7. It works on large and small TV screens;   8. The apparatus is sufficiently compact to be easily mounted on or installed in a television receiver without any changes to the circuitry of the television receiver; and   9. The depth of the 3D viewing is clear, without degradation, either in front or behind the TV camera focal point.       
 
         [0033]      FIG. 2   a  discloses one embodiment of a conventional motion picture projector  100  for producing a 2D image on a motion picture screen (not shown). The projector  100  generally comprises film  102  supplied from a supply reel (not shown) that is fed by sprockets  104  or the like through a film gate  106  and illuminated by a light source  108  during a first projection of the image for viewing on a motion picture screen (not shown). The film  102  leaving the film gate  106  is then fed over one or more sprockets  109  or pulleys  110  in a conventional manner to a film take up reel (not shown). 
         [0034]    In accordance with normal projector operations, the light is blocked periodically without frame advance so that the film  102  advances intermittently through the film gate  106 , as shown in  FIG. 2   b.    
         [0035]      FIG. 3  illustrates one embodiment of a modified motion picture projector  200  for producing a 3D image on a motion picture screen without the use of special eyeglasses or viewing devices in accordance with the present invention. In the projector  200 , sprockets  204  or the like advance the film  202  from a supply reel (not shown) upwardly through the film gate  206  and create a stagger loop  208  of a predetermined number of frames around a sprocket  110  or the like. The staggered film is then advanced by a sprocket  210  or the like in the opposite direction through the film gate  206 . Because of the intermittent advancement of the staggered film layers through the film gate  206  in a predetermined sequence, a 3D image is produced on the motion picture screen (not shown) as a result of the frame delay between the two levels of film in the film gate  206 . 
         [0036]    The film  202  leaving the film gate  206  is then moved over a series of sprockets and/or pulleys to a take-up reel (not shown) in a conventional or any suitable manner. 
         [0037]    For a twenty four frames per second motion picture projector, the delay produced by the stagger loop  208  should be at least four frames before entering the film gate  206  in the opposite direction for the purpose of creating an optimum 3D presentation on the motion picture screen. Preferably, the delay should not exceed eight film frames in order to preclude flicker which will adversely affect viewing. 
         [0038]    It will be noted that the modified projector  200  for 3D motion picture viewing is simple in construction and requires minimal changes to a standard motion picture projector to produce the desired 3D motion picture viewing without requiring any special glasses or other viewing devices. The projector  200  has the following advantages:
       1. It can be easily adjusted to show natural 3D viewing;   2 Only one projector is required;   3. Only one 2D film is required to show 2D or 3D images;   4. It is fairly simple to change from 2D to 3D showing or vice versa;   5. No glasses or special viewing equipment is required to see 3D;   6. No changes are required to the theatre screen to show either 2D or 3D;   7. There are no deleterious effects by continued long term viewing;   8. There is no degradation of clarity, color or sound; and   9. Optimum 3D viewing on the motion picture screen is available from all seating in a theatre or the like.       
 
         [0048]    While the invention has been described in connection with what is presently considered to be the most practical and preferred embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not to be limited to the disclosed embodiments, but on the contrary, is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.