Abstract:
A tire module for detecting tire condition variables, the module being mounted on an inside of a tire in an area deformed during tread shuffle and including at least one carrier, on which at least one electronic component is disposed, and at least one piezo-sensitive sensor, the piezo-sensitive sensor being disposed such that it is at least partially deformed during deformation of the tire during tread shuffle, and the deformation of the piezo-sensitive sensor being used to determine at least one shuffle variable, and the tire module including at least one battery for at least partially supplying energy to the at least one electronic component, and to use of the tire module.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application is the U.S. national phase application of PCT International Application No. PCT/EP2008/061200, filed Aug. 27, 2008, which claims priority to German Patent Application No. 10 2007 041 509.7, filed Aug. 31, 2007, German Patent Application No. 10 2007 041 499.6, filed Aug. 31, 2007, German Patent Application No. 10 2008 035 498.8, filed Jul. 30, 2008 and German Patent Application No. 10 2008 035 486.4, filed Jul. 30, 2008, which are each incorporated by reference herein. 
     
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    The invention relates to a tire module and to the use thereof in a tire pressure monitoring system. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0003]    In modern motor vehicles, devices are being increasingly used which perform early detection of defects and malfunctions in various areas in the motor vehicle and signal defects and malfunctions to the driver. This includes, for example, the sensing of the tire air pressure in order to avoid defects or accidents which are due to an excessively low tire air pressure. In many of the systems which are already used for this purpose, in each case a tire module is arranged at each wheel, in particular in the interior of the tire. The tire module usually comprises at least one sensor for sensing the tire air pressure, if appropriate an assigned electronic evaluation system and a transmitting unit for transmitting the tire air pressure to a central processor unit on the vehicle. 
         [0004]    Tire modules which are arranged in the interior of the tire in the region of the tread should be as lightweight as possible since they are otherwise destroyed by the forces occurring the tire or generate an imbalance of the tire. For this reason, as few elements as necessary are integrated into such tire modules. It is therefore known for a piezo-electric element to be arranged in a tire module which is arranged in the interior of the tire, which piezo-electric element is used both to detect the rotation of the tire and to supply power to the tire module. 
         [0005]    For example, DE 44 02 136 A1, which is incorporated by reference, discloses a system for determining the operational parameters of vehicle tires, in which system a carrier unit, which is fitted with a sensor unit with at least one detector and one electronic evaluation system, is arranged integrated into the vehicle tire. A piezo-electric element, which serves to supply power to the system components and at the same time serves as a sensor for the rotation of the tire, is arranged on the carrier body. The system is integrated into the rubber of the tire, with the result that electrical power is acquired by virtue of the piezo-electric effect due to the hydrostatic pressure stresses which vary cyclically in the rubber of the tire. 
         [0006]    DE 10 2004 031 810 A1, which is incorporated by reference, describes a sensor transponder having a piezo-electric element which is arranged in a vehicle pneumatic tire, wherein the piezo-electric element is arranged on the inside of the tire opposite the tread. The signal of the piezo-electric element is used here to determine the wheel speed, and the piezo-electric element provides all the power for supplying the electronic components of the sensor transponder and for transmitting data. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0007]    Taking this prior art as a starting point, the invention relates to the object of making available an alternative tire module which has a piezo-electric element for attachment in the interior of a tire in the region of the tread, and which is not dependent on the power supplied by the piezo-electric element. 
         [0008]    The invention relates to the idea of arranging in a tire module at least one battery for at least partially supplying power to the tire module which is mounted on an inner side of a tire in the region of the tread, and comprises at least one piezo-sensitive element which is also deformed when the tire is deformed during tread shuffle, wherein this deformation is evaluated in order to determine a shuffle characteristic variable, and a carrier means on which at least one electronic component is arranged. 
         [0009]    The term “piezo-sensitive element” or “piezo-sensitive sensor” is to be understood according to aspects of the invention as meaning an element/sensor which is sensitive to pressure or deformation and has piezo-electric or piezo-resistive properties. 
         [0010]    The term “shuffle characteristic variable” describes, according to aspects of the invention, a characteristic variable which is characteristic of the shuffle. This may be, for example, a characteristic variable which characterizes the size or the shape of the shuffle, for example the shuffle length or the shuffle time. 
         [0011]    The piezo-sensitive element is preferably exclusively used as a sensor element for determining the shuffle characteristic variable. Correspondingly, one or more batteries are preferably the only power supply source of the tire module. If the piezo-sensitive sensor, in particular a piezo-electric sensor, is used exclusively as a sensor element and not for supplying power, the positioning of the tire module in the tire is less critical since it is not necessary to ensure that the installation position ensures suitable deformation of the element in order to continuously and sufficiently supply power to the tire module. 
         [0012]    The carrier means is preferably a printed circuit board on which particularly preferably all the electronic components of the tire module are arranged and/or to which all the electronic components of the tire module are connected. It is therefore not necessary for a further printed circuit board to be arranged in the tire module. 
         [0013]    According to one preferred embodiment of the invention, the piezo-sensitive sensor is a piezo-resistive sensor. The latter comprises a voltage supply or is connected to a voltage supply. The piezo-resistive sensor particularly preferably comprises a piezo-resistive measuring bridge with at least one piezo resistor. Such measuring bridges are known per se from the prior art. The shuffle characteristic variable is then determined from an output voltage signal of the piezo-resistive sensor. Piezo-resistive elements or sensors (measuring bridges) provide the advantage that they can be manufactured in a small and cost-effective form. It is quite particularly preferred for the piezo resistor or the piezo-resistive sensor (measuring bridge) to be formed directly on the printed circuit board as a micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS). This makes the tire module smaller and reduces the manufacturing costs. 
         [0014]    In the case of a piezo-resistive sensor, the battery of the tire module preferably also supplies the piezo-resistive sensor with electric power. There is therefore no need for a further battery. 
         [0015]    According to one development of the invention, the piezo-resistive sensor comprises a piezo-resistive measuring bridge in the form of a Wheatstone bridge, wherein at least one resistor is embodied as a piezo-resistive element, the resistance of which changes during a tread shuffle due to deformation (measuring resistance). The Wheatstone bridge particularly preferably comprises four resistors in total, with at least one resistor being embodied as a piezo-resistive element. 
         [0016]    The output signal of the piezo-resistive sensor is preferably amplified by an amplifier and digitized by means of an A/D converter. The digital signal can then simply be evaluated in a microcontroller or a computing unit in order, for example, to determine the shuffle characteristic variable. 
         [0017]    Alternatively it is preferred to evaluate the output signal of the piezo-resistive sensor by means of a comparator with a downstream microcontroller or computing unit. The evaluation using a comparator does not require an A/D converter. 
         [0018]    According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, the piezo-sensitive sensor is a piezo-electric sensor, wherein the shuffle characteristic variable is determined from an output voltage signal of the piezo-electric sensor. When the latch sensor is embodied as a piezo-electric sensor, it is advantageous, in contrast to the embodiment as a piezo-resistive sensor, that a voltage supply to the sensor is not necessary. As a result, corresponding contact-forming means are dispensed with and the current consumption of the tire module is minimized. With a piezo-electric sensor it is also easily possible to activate the tire module when the vehicle starts to move (referred to as “wakeup” function) since a piezo voltage is generated when a shuffle is entered or exited. 
         [0019]    An output signal of the piezo-sensitive sensor is preferably used to detect when the tire module enters and/or exits a shuffle. As a result, in addition to the shuffle length and/or shuffle time it is then also possible to determine the wheel rotation time or rotational speed of the wheel. Furthermore, in order to spare the battery of the tire module, the tire module can be deactivated when the vehicle is stationary (for example no detection of pressure data or transmission of data) and the output signal of the piezo-sensitive shuffle sensor can then be used to activate the tire module when the vehicle starts to move after the stationary state (referred to as “wakeup” function). 
         [0020]    An electronic evaluation circuit, in which a characteristic variable, which is a measure of the shuffle length and/or shuffle shape of the tire, is determined from the output signal of the piezo-sensitive sensor, is preferably arranged in the tire module. The information from one or more shuffle sensors on the vehicle can therefore allow conclusions about the load of the vehicle to be drawn or additional information to be acquired for tire monitoring purposes. To this end, the specific shuffle lengths of the individual tires are compared with one another or respectively with previously learnt comparison variables or with respectively predefined comparison variables. 
         [0021]    In order to withstand the loads occurring in the tire, it is necessary, that, in particular a tire module which is mounted in the interior of the tire in the region of the tread is as compact as possible. For this reason, according to one preferred embodiment of the tire module, the carrier means and the battery are arranged one on top of the other with respect to a direction of extent of the tire module, wherein the carrier means and the battery are arranged perpendicularly with respect to the direction of extent, in at least partially overlapping fashion, and the piezo-sensitive sensor is arranged above or below or between the carrier means and the battery with respect to the direction of extent, wherein the piezo-sensitive sensor is respectively arranged perpendicularly with respect to the carrier means and with respect to the battery with respect to the direction of extent, in an at least partially overlapping fashion. The direction of extent is particularly preferably the height of the tire module. Expressed in simple terms, the three components comprising the carrier means, battery and piezo-sensitive sensor are arranged (stacked) one on top of the other and at least partially overlapping one another in the tire module in order to keep the extent of the tire module as small as possible with respect to its base area. The deformation forces acting on the tire module during tread shuffle are therefore kept as low as possible, as a result of which the piezo-sensitive sensor is protected against excessive deformation, which can lead to damage to the sensor, for example to fracturing of the piezo-electric material. Thus no additional deflection-limiting means, which would again increase the weight of the tire module, are necessary for the piezo-sensitive element. 
         [0022]    In order to provide further protection of the piezo-sensitive sensor against damage, the carrier means, the battery and the piezo-sensitive sensor are preferably at least partially embedded in a sealing compound. The three components are particularly preferably completely embedded in the sealing compound in order to provide protection against environmental influences on all sides. The stiffening of the piezo-sensitive sensor, which is achieved by means of the sealing material, further minimizes the risk of fracturing. Owing to the compact design of the tire module (“stacking” of the components), less sealing compound is required for embedding the carrier means, battery and piezo-sensitive sensor than when they are arranged one next to the other, which provides an advantage with respect to making the tire module as low in weight as possible. 
         [0023]    According to one advantageous development of the invention, the piezo-sensitive sensor is attached directly to the battery or to the carrier means. As a result, the piezo-sensitive sensor is also additionally protected by the battery or the carrier means against excessive deformation. The attachment is particularly easily and cost-effectively embodied as a bonded connection. In the case of a piezo-resistive sensor, said sensor is advantageously embodied directly using silicon as a micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS). This reduces the manufacturing costs of the tire module. 
         [0024]    It is likewise preferred to arrange the piezo-sensitive sensor at a distance from the carrier means and from the battery, wherein the piezo-sensitive sensor is connected in a frictionally locking fashion to the carrier means and/or to the battery by the sealing compound. In this way, in contrast to an arrangement of the piezo-sensitive sensor on the carrier means, installation space is provided for further electronic components on the carrier means. 
         [0025]    The piezo-sensitive sensor is preferably arranged between the battery and the carrier means (“sandwich arrangement”) in order to provide reinforcement and protection on both sides. 
         [0026]    According to one preferred embodiment of the tire module, the carrier means, the battery and the piezo-sensitive sensor are each of substantially planar design, and the base surfaces of the carrier means, battery and piezo-sensitive sensor are arranged substantially parallel and one on top of the other, wherein the base surfaces each at least partially overlap in pairs. This provides a compact design in terms of height and base area, which makes the weight low in the case of embedding in a sealing compound. 
         [0027]    According to one preferred embodiment of the invention, the piezo-electric sensor is composed simply of piezo-electric material, particularly preferably from piezo-electric ceramic (for example PZT: lead zirconate titanate). Since PZT does not react piezo-electrically to bending but rather only to extension and/or compression, the piezo-electric material is applied to a carrier material (contains “neutral phase”). The carrier material therefore serves, on the one hand, to protect the piezo-electric material against excessive deformation and, on the other hand as an “aid” for the extension/compression of the piezo-electric material. The carrier means of the tire module (printed circuit board) or the battery preferably serves as a carrier material. 
         [0028]    Alternatively, the piezo-electric sensor preferably comprises a carrier element made of metal and piezo-electric material, wherein the piezo-electric material is applied to the carrier element. The carrier element therefore serves directly by virtue of its rigidity, as a deformation-limiting means for the piezo-electric material. The carrier element is particularly preferably a brass disc or a brass plate. The piezo-electric material is particularly preferably a piezo-electric ceramic. The piezo-electric sensor is particularly preferably attached directly to the battery or to the carrier means by its carrier element, quite particularly preferably by bonding. 
         [0029]    According to one advantageous development of the invention, the tire module comprises two or more batteries which are arranged one on top of the other, wherein the piezo-sensitive sensor is arranged above or below or between the batteries. In the case of an arrangement of the piezo-sensitive sensor between the batteries, the latter is protected on both sides by the batteries against excessive deformation. 
         [0030]    In order to supply the electronic components of the carrier layer, the battery is preferably connected in an electrically conductive fashion to the carrier layer via a battery contact, wherein the piezo-electric sensor is connected on one side in an electrically conductive fashion to the battery contact. This avoids the need to provide means for forming contact between the carrier layer and piezo-electric sensor. 
         [0031]    According to one preferred embodiment of the tire module, the piezo-electric sensor is also used to supply power to the tire module. For this purpose, the tire module comprises, in particular on the carrier means, an electronic circuit which is embodied in such a way that the electrical voltage, which is generated when the piezo-electric sensor is deformed, is also used to supply power to the tire module. The electronic circuit therefore particularly preferably comprises means for rectifying the piezo voltage of the piezo-electric element and for storing the generated electric power. The additional supply of power to the tire module using the piezo-electric element lengths the service life of the battery. 
         [0032]    In order to evaluate the voltage signal of the piezo-sensitive sensor, the latter is preferably connected in an electrically conductive fashion to the carrier means. 
         [0033]    The tire module preferably comprises an evaluation circuit in which the positive and negative components of the voltage signal of the piezo-sensitive sensor are separated. This evaluation circuit of the tire module particularly preferably comprises four diodes. 
         [0034]    Each of the two component signals which are produced is preferably evaluated. It is therefore possible, by evaluating the voltage signal of the piezo-sensitive sensor, to differentiate between the entering and exiting of a shuffle. 
         [0035]    It is likewise preferred that in the evaluation circuit the one component signal is evaluated in order to detect the entering into a shuffle and the other component signal is evaluated in order to detect the exiting from a shuffle. 
         [0036]    According to one development of the invention, in the evaluation circuit the two component signals are evaluated in order to determine a characteristic variable which is a measure of the shuffle length or shuffle shape of the tire. Information about the loading of the vehicle and/or the monitoring of the tire is acquired from this, also in combination with the characteristic variables of tire modules of the other tires. 
         [0037]    The tire module preferably comprises a circuit with which one or both of the component signals is/are used to supply power to at least one electronic component. A sensor, for example a pressure sensor and/or a temperature sensor and/or an evaluation circuit is particularly preferably supplied with electric power. 
         [0038]    One advantage of the invention is that the battery ensures that the tire module is supplied even when the vehicle is stationary. It is therefore possible for the tire module to carry out, for example, data transmissions or pressure measurements even when the vehicle is stationary. 
         [0039]    The invention also relates to the use of the tire module in a tire-pressure-monitoring system. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0040]    The invention is best understood from the following detailed description when read in connection with the accompanying drawings. Included in the drawings is the following figures: 
           [0041]      FIG. 1  shows a tire rolling on an underlying surface, 
           [0042]      FIGS. 2   a  and  2   b  show an arrangement of components in a tire module according to aspects of the invention, in accordance with a first exemplary embodiment, 
           [0043]      FIG. 3  shows an arrangement of components in a tire module according to aspects of the invention, in accordance with a second exemplary embodiment, 
           [0044]      FIG. 4  shows a tire module according to aspects of the invention, in accordance with a third exemplary embodiment, 
           [0045]      FIGS. 5   a  and  5   b  show an exemplary piezo-electric sensor, 
           [0046]      FIG. 6  shows an arrangement of components in a tire module according to aspects of the invention, in accordance with a fourth exemplary embodiment, 
           [0047]      FIG. 7  shows an exemplary profile of an output voltage of a piezo-electric sensor in a tire, 
           [0048]      FIG. 8  shows exemplary evaluation signals of an output voltage of a piezo-electric sensor in a tire, 
           [0049]      FIG. 9  shows an exemplary electronic circuit for evaluating an output voltage of a piezo-electric sensor, 
           [0050]      FIG. 10  shows an exemplary piezo-resistive sensor, and 
           [0051]      FIGS. 11   a  and  11   b  show two exemplary basic circuit diagrams of the evaluation of an output voltage of a piezo-resistive sensor. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
       [0052]      FIG. 1  shows the rolling behavior of a tire  1  with a rotational direction  2 . The rolling behavior is illustrated here in an idealized form on a level underlying surface  3 . A flattened contact surface, referred to as the shuffle  4 , is produced. The size, that is to say the length L and the width, the length L being measured from the entry  6  into the shuffle up to the exit  5  from the shuffle, and the shape of the shuffle  4  are dependent, inter alia, on tire characteristic data, the wheel load, the tire pressure, the driving state (longitudinal forces and lateral forces) and on the speed. 
         [0053]    If there is a tire module  7  in tire  1 , forces act on said tire module  7  when a shuffle is entered  6  and when a shuffle is exited  5  owing to the deformation of the tire  1 , said forces leading to deformation of at least parts of the tire module  7 . The deformation of the tire  1  during tread shuffle, specifically the buckling when the shuffle is entered  6  and when the shuffle is exited  5  can be measured with a piezo-sensitive element. The tire module  7  is mounted in the tire in such a way that the piezo-sensitive element in the tire module  7  is deformed by the tumbling movements. 
         [0054]    An exemplary tire module  7  comprises a battery  10  and a piezo-sensitive (measuring) element, for example a piezo-electric or a piezo-resistive (measuring) element. The battery  10  preferably serves here to supply the electronic components of the tire module  7 . The piezo-sensitive (measuring) element serves to determine or measure a characteristic variable of the shuffle  4 , in particular to determine or measure the shuffle length L or an associated variable such as, for example, the shuffle time. In addition, the piezo-electric element can also be used as converter element, i.e. for generating electric power. 
         [0055]      FIGS. 2   a  and  2   b  is a schematic illustration of number of relevant parts of a tire module  7  according to aspects of the invention in accordance with a first exemplary embodiment.  FIG. 2   a  shows a side view,  FIG. 2   b  shows a view from below in the upward direction (in the z direction, see  FIG. 2   a ). Battery  10  is connected to printed circuit board  12  via an electrically conductive connection  11  (not illustrated in  FIG. 2   b ). Battery  10  is arranged underneath the printed circuit board  12 . The, for example, round base surface of battery  10  completely overlaps the, for example, rectangular base surface of the printed circuit board  12 . According to the illustrated exemplary embodiment, the battery  10  and the printed circuit board  12  are arranged at a certain distance in the z direction, but it is also possible for the battery  10  to be attached directly to the printed circuit board  12 . Further electronic components  13  are attached to the printed circuit board  12 . For example, a piezo-electric sensor element  14  underneath the battery  10  is attached to the battery  10 . The, for example, round base surface of the piezo sensor  14  completely overlaps the, for example, round base surface of the battery  10 . The piezo element  14  is connected via an electrical connection  20  to the printed circuit board  12  (not illustrated in  FIG. 2   b ). 
         [0056]      FIG. 3  is a schematic illustration of an arrangement of relevant components in a tire module  7  according to aspects of the invention in accordance with a second exemplary embodiment in a side view. The battery  10  is connected via an electrically conductive connection  11  to the printed circuit board  12 . The battery  10  is arranged, as in the first exemplary embodiment, at a certain distance underneath the printed circuit board  12 . In this context, the base surfaces of the battery  10  and printed circuit board  12  at least partially overlap (not shown in the view in  FIG. 3 ). The piezo-electric element  14  is arranged between the battery  10  and the printed circuit board  12 , wherein the base surface of the piezo element  14  overlaps, on the one hand, the base surface of the battery  10  and, on the other hand, the base surface of the printed circuit board  12 . Further electronic components  13  are attached to the printed circuit board  12 . 
         [0057]    The electronic components  13  may be, for example, one or more of the following components: pressure sensor, temperature sensor, transmission device (for example RF transmitter), receiver device (for example RF receiver), electronic evaluation circuit, rectifier, memory element. 
         [0058]      FIG. 4  is a schematic illustration of a third exemplary embodiment of a tire module  7  according to aspects of the invention. The arrangement of the battery  10 , printed circuit board  12  and piezo-electric element  14  corresponds to the second exemplary embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 3 . In addition, the battery  10 , printed circuit board  12 , piezo-electric element  14  and electronic components  13  are surrounded by a suitable sealing compound  15 . In the third illustrated exemplary embodiment, the components are completely surrounded by the sealing compound  15 , but it is also possible for only some of the components to be surrounded by the sealing compound  15 , or for the components to be only partially surrounded by the sealing compound  15 . The components are protected against external influences by the sealing compound  15 . Even if parts of the tire module  7  are encapsulated, the movements (deformations) of the tire  1  during tread shuffle are transmitted to the individual components, in particular to the piezo-electric element  14 . 
         [0059]    Instead of the piezo-electric sensor  14  which is present in the three exemplary embodiments described above ( FIGS. 1 to 4 ) the tire module can also comprise a piezo-resistive sensor. 
         [0060]    According to the third exemplary embodiment, the tire module  7  is mounted on the tire  1  by means of a container  16  which is composed, for example, of rubber. For this purpose, the container  16  is mounted on the inner liner of the tire  1 , for example bonded or vulcanized in. The container  16  may, for example, contain an opening (not illustrated in  FIG. 4 ) through which the tire module  7  can be removed from the container  16  or inserted into the container  16 . It is therefore possible for replacement to be carried out when there is a defect in the tire module  7 . 
         [0061]    When extension/compression or bending occurs in the piezo element  14 , for example when a shuffle is entered and exited, load separation occurs. If the piezo element  14  is used exclusively as a (shuffle deformation) sensor, and not as an energy converter, the precise arrangement in the tire module  7  is not of decisive significance for satisfactory functioning. This permits an installation-space-minimizing arrangement of the battery  10 , printed circuit board  12  and piezo-electric element  14 . As a result, the mounting of the tire module  7  is also simplified, which reduces production costs. 
         [0062]    For example, the piezo-electric sensor  14  is simply piezo-electric material with corresponding electric contacts, wherein the piezo-electric material is attached, for example, to the battery  10  and to the printed circuit board  12 . 
         [0063]    According to another exemplary embodiment of the tire module  7  according to aspects of the invention, the piezo element  14  is a piezo buzzer which is known per se. 
         [0064]      FIGS. 5   a  and  5   b  is a schematic illustration of an exemplary piezo-electric element  32 ,  FIG. 5   a  showing said piezo-electric element in a top view and  FIG. 5   a  showing it in a side view. The exemplary element  32  is composed of a brass disc  30 , to which piezo-electric material  31 , in particular piezo ceramic, is attached. 
         [0065]    The piezo-sensitive sensor can, for example, be attached under the battery  10  (for example  FIGS. 2   a  and  2   b ), between the printed circuit board  12  and the battery  10  (for example  FIG. 3 ,  5   a  or  5   b ) or directly to the printed circuit board  12  (without illustration). It may be permanently connected to the printed circuit board  12  or battery  10  (for example  FIGS. 2   a  and  2   b ) or else be encapsulated without a direct connection to these components  12 ,  10  (for example  FIGS. 5   a  and  5   b ) since the force effect is ensured by the sealing compound  15 . 
         [0066]    According to further exemplary embodiments of the tire module  7  according to aspects of the invention, the latter comprises two batteries  10 . The two batteries  10  are arranged one on top of the other, and the piezo-sensitive sensor is arranged between the batteries  10  or above or below the batteries  10 . The exemplary arrangement of a piezo element  14  between two batteries  10  is illustrated schematically in  FIG. 6  (fourth exemplary embodiment). The other illustrated components correspond to the components illustrated in  FIGS. 2   a  and  2   b.    
         [0067]    According to another exemplary embodiment, the piezo element  14  is conductively connected directly to a battery contact, therefore avoiding the need for contacting means. 
         [0068]    The piezo element  14  arranged in the tire module  7  can be used either as a signal generator (for example for measuring shuffle) and as a micro generator (energy converter). By varying the size of the element  14  it is possible to scale the power or voltage which is output. 
         [0069]      FIG. 10  is a schematic view of an exemplary piezo-resistive sensor of a further exemplary embodiment of a tire module  7  according to aspects of the invention. Instead of a piezo-electric element  14 , at least one piezo-resistive measuring element (R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 ) is used here. The piezo-resistive sensor  44  is essentially composed of a piezo-resistive measuring bridge, which is embodied, for example, as a Wheatstone bridge with four resistors R 1 , R 2 , R 3  and R 4 . Here, for example all four resistors R 1 , R 2 , R 3  and R 4  are variable. However, it is also possible for fewer resistors to be variable (for example the resistance values of R 1  and R 2  are variable under deformation, while the resistance values of R 3  and R 4  remain the same under deformation). Furthermore, a sensor arrangement with more or fewer resistors (than the four resistors of a Wheatstone bridge) is also possible. 
         [0070]    The piezo-resistive sensor  44  is supplied by a voltage VCC and provides an output voltage signal  45 . 
         [0071]    The surface of the piezo-resistive sensor  44  in the tire is, for example, arranged parallel to the tire contact face so that in each case at least two resistors change under deformation during tread shuffle  5 ,  6 . The orientation of the sensor bridge relative to the tire rolling direction is insignificant here for the functional capability of the sensor. 
         [0072]    An advantage of piezo-resistive measuring elements is that an extremely small and therefore cost-effective design with a MEMS structure is possible. In this context, the individual measuring resistors or the measuring bridge can be embodied directly using silicon. The MEMS can then be arranged as a “bare die” (without a housing) or can be housed and then soldered on. The piezo-resistive MEMS is advantageously integrated directly with other components (for example pressure sensor, microcontroller, RF stage etc.) in an integrated circuit (IC, ASIC). 
         [0073]      FIGS. 11   a  and  11   b  is a schematic illustration of two exemplary basic circuit diagrams of the evaluation of an output voltage of a piezo-resistive sensor  46 . 
         [0074]    According to the example illustrated in  FIG. 11   a  the output signal of the sensor  46  is amplified by the amplifier  47  and fed to the A/D converter  48  of the tire module  7 . After the A/D conversion  48 , the signal is analyzed in the microcontroller  49 . Depending on the configuration of the change in resistance, it is also possible for no amplification to be necessary. 
         [0075]    According to the example illustrated in  FIG. 11   b , the output signal from the sensor  46  is evaluated by means of the comparator  50  and microcontroller  49 . For example, during the tread shuffle the comparator provides an output voltage (corresponding to a logic “1”) and outside the shuffle it does not provide an output voltage (corresponding to a logic “0”). It is therefore possible to easily define the time sequence between the tread shuffle and rotation without using an A/D converter. 
         [0076]    The microcontroller  49  can also be replaced by a computing unit (“state machine”). 
         [0077]    The signals of the piezo-sensitive sensor are preferably evaluated in order to determine the shuffle length L. 
         [0078]    In the text which follows, a further method for evaluating the output voltage signal  40  of a piezo-sensitive sensor will be described, by way of example using a piezo electric sensor  14 . An analogous evaluation is possible for the output voltage signal  40  of a piezo-resistive sensor. 
         [0079]    An output signal  20 , resulting from the deformation of a tire, of a piezo element  14  has, for example, the profile illustrated schematically in  FIG. 7 . The time t is plotted on the x axis, and the piezo voltage U or a variable corresponding thereto is plotted on the y axis. When the shuffle is entered T 6  and the shuffle is exited T 5 , voltage peaks appear in signal  20 . In the example illustrated, a negative voltage peak (peak) occurs when the shuffle is entered T 6 , and a positive voltage peak (peak) occurs when the shuffle is exited T 5 . 
         [0080]    According to a further exemplary embodiment, the tire module  7  comprises a circuit for the disruption-free evaluation of the signal  20 . In this context, the negative part of the signal  20  is evaluated separately from the positive part of the signal  20  (referred to as selective rectification). 
         [0081]      FIG. 8  shows, with the two lower signals  21 ,  22 , exemplary profiles of the two selectively rectified signals. Curve  21  shows the contribution of the negative signal (the negative signal portion) and curve  22  shows the positive signal (the positive signal portion) for two tread shuffles. Curve  23  indicates the shuffle signal. When the shuffle is entered T 6 , which is indicated by the steeply rising signal edge in the negative signal component  21 , the shuffle signal  23  rises, and when the shuffle is exited T 5 , which is indicated by the steeply rising signal edge in the positive signal component  22 , the shuffle signal  23  drops away again. On the basis of the shuffle signal  23 , the shuffle length L or the shuffle time or the ratio of the shuffle time to the wheel rotational time (time between two successive instances of entering of the shuffle T 6  or exiting of the shuffle T 5 ) can therefore be determined. 
         [0082]    The selective rectification permits disruptive noise at the entering of a shuffle  6  or exiting of a shuffle  5  to be very effectively gated out. As clearly apparent from  FIG. 8 , given a separation of the positive signal  22  and negative signal  21  the shuffle  4  can easily be evaluated. This would be possible only with relatively large expenditure if the signal were completely rectified. A significant simplification or improvement of the measuring of the shuffle is therefore achieved. 
         [0083]    In a method of evaluating signal  20  of a piezo element  14  which is known from the prior art, the signal  20  is sampled and digitized in order to be able to carry out precise evaluation of the signal profile. This is more complicated than the above-described method of the selective rectification of the piezo-element signal  20 . Furthermore, the known evaluation consumes more current, in contrast to the evaluation method described here. 
         [0084]      FIG. 9  illustrates an exemplary electronic circuit for selective rectification. The voltage  40  of the piezo element  14  is rectified selectively by means of four diodes  41 . The positive and negative signal components are tapped via the contacts K 1  and K 2 .