Abstract:
An infinitely variable gear transmission system for vehicles includes a differential gear unit for input, a planetary gear unit, a hydraulic pump and a hydraulic motor, the hydraulic pump rotating with the first output shaft of the differential gear unit and one of the three gear, elements of the planetary gear unit, the hydraulic motor rotating with the second gear element and a control unit to selectively control the fluid pressure in the hydraulic circuit by adjusting the flow control valve, and control the speed of the third gear element in clockwise and anticlockwise direction. In another embodiment the prime mover is directly connected to one of the three gear elements of the planetary gear unit, and also connected to the second gear element through a conventional speed variator and controls the speed of the third gear element by automatically adjusting the speed variator.

Description:
[0001]    This is an addition to my Indian application No: 1439/CHE/2004 for which patent has been granted as Patent No: 209664 on 5 Sep. 2007, and international application No. PCT/IN2005/000142 published on 26 Jan. 2006 for which U.S. Pat. No. 7,632,205 has been granted on 15 Dec. 2009. 
     
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
       [0002]    The present invention is directed to an infinitely variable gear transmission system for a vehicle drive line and, more particularly, to a transmission system having a single stage planetary gear unit (epicyclic gear unit) coupled with a differential gear unit, and an automatic gear coupling, with microprocessor control. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0003]    Current transmission assembly for automatic transmission, a standard accessory in the modern vehicles, can provide normally 4 or 5 gear ratios between the prime mover and the driven wheels for building up the necessary torque while the vehicle moves from zero speed to the normal speed, and for over drive. The variable transmission systems currently in use, mostly rely upon conventional speed variators, such as steel chain with flexible pulley, toroidal drives, hydraulic torque convertors, electric generators etc. for transmitting the power, which primarily suffer from the delay for responding to load change, and also the limited capacity, and the inability to efficiently transmit the power, mainly due to the loss suffered by the conversion of mechanical power into pressure energy, electrical energy etc. There are also known “torque transfer systems” (Phelan) which can be used only for forward movement, in one configuration, and not for reverse and overdrive, which needs different configurations of gear elements. These systems can be used only for differential drives and produce excessive heat during normal operation wherein one of the hydraulic pumps will discharge against the other hydraulic pump, keeping both the pumps in a locked position having no torque differentiation. Additionally, these transmission systems are expensive and suffer from operational inefficiency such as delay for automatically correcting the torque level for different driving conditions, resulting in excessive fuel consumption, poor acceleration, dirty emission and high rate of wear. The automatic transmission system for which an Indian patent and a U.S. patent has been granted to me, as mentioned earlier, eliminates the above deficiencies to a considerable extend. However the technology followed in this system for maintaining the speed of the planet carrier and sun gear at the same level during normal drive, by directing the fluid discharge from the left side hydraulic pump rotating with the planet carrier, to the suction side of the right side hydraulic pump rotating with the sun gear, can cause excessive heat during continuous operation and can waste pressure energy to certain extent. The fluid under pressure discharged from these pumps to the fluid tank during gear drive also wastes certain amount of pressure energy. 
       SUMMARY OF INVENTION 
       [0004]    This invention discloses a transmission assembly which provides for any gear ratio right from zero to infinity, for forward and reverse movement as well, including the step up ratio for over drive, with an additional provision for higher ratio for building up higher torque for special circumstances, all in one configuration, resulting in better fuel efficiency, and better acceleration, at the same time reducing the use of hydraulic pumps to a large extent, and thus reducing the amount of heat generated and wastage of pressure energy as well. This was made possible in this system by incorporating an automatic gear coupling controlled by the microprocessor, which will connect the sun gear with planet carrier and thus maintaining the speed of sun gear, planet carrier and the ring gear at exactly the same level, during normal drive, instead of directing the fluid discharge from left side (planet carrier) pump to the input side of the right side (sun gear) pump as in the previous invention. Also the fluid discharge from the right side hydraulic pump, instead of directing into the fluid tank during gear drive, is diverted into a conventional hydraulic motor installed on the planet carrier shaft in order to force the planet carrier to rotate faster, and thus to accelerate the output gear of the planetary gear unit. The hydraulic motor can also be installed on the ring gear shaft for better acceleration. The hydraulic motor can also be used for driving the super charger, compressor, generator etc. if installed separately. The present invention also provides a hand brake attached to the second output shaft of the differential unit replacing the left side hydraulic pump. By manually operating the hand brake, the speed of the second output shaft connected to the planet carrier can be brought down so that the direction of the rotation of the ring gear will change and the vehicle will move in reverse direction. The present invention also includes a flow control valve With variable orifice installed in the discharge line of the right side (sun gear) hydraulic pump, which will be automatically adjusted by the microprocessor to build up the fluid pressure for maintaining the required speed of the sun gear under different modes of operation. This enables the fluid to always move in a single direction and makes the circuit extremely simple, eliminating all the complicated valves and controls in the previous invention. This can also automatically adjust the vehicle speed in case of over load etc, as decided by the microprocessor unit, during gear drive. 
         [0005]    Another embodiment of the present invention includes a single stage planetary gear unit where in the engine will be coupled to a common shaft which is connected to the planet carrier, and also connected to the ring gear through a conventional speed reduction unit, such as steel belt with adjustable pulley, hydraulic torque converter, toroidal drive etc. The vehicle is connected to the sun gear. 
         [0006]    In view of the above, the present invention is directed to an infinitely variable gear transmission system including a differential gear unit for input, and a planetary gear unit with one hydraulic pump. In the preferred embodiment the hydraulic circuit having a flow control valve with variable orifice, intercouples the hydraulic pump, rotating with the first output shaft of the differential gear unit and one of the three gear elements of the planetary gear unit, and the second output shaft rotating with the hydraulic motor and the second gear element, and includes a controller operable to control the opening of the variable orifice, and precisely control the resistance exerted by the fluid pressure determining the speed of the third gear element. 
         [0007]    Further scope of applicability of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description, claims, and drawings. However, it should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating preferred embodiments of the invention, are given by way of illustration only, since various changes and modifications with in the spirit and scope of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0008]    The present invention will become more fully understood from the detailed description given here below, the appended claims, and the accompanying drawings in which: 
           [0009]    In sheet no.  1 ,  FIG. 1  is the general assembly of the equipment, in accordance with this invention, with the differential gear unit and the engine at the right end, the planetary gear unit at the left end, and the automatic gear coupling with the hydraulic cylinder at the extreme left end. 
           [0010]    In sheet no.  2 ,  FIG. 2  is the sectional view of the differential gear unit with the engine connected to the input of the differential unit, the planetary gear unit connected to the differential, the gear coupling for connecting the sun gear and planet carrier, the hydraulic pump connected to the first out put shaft of the differential unit, the hydraulic motor connected to the planet carrier shaft, and the fluid lines connecting the hydraulic pump, hydraulic motor and the fluid tank. 
           [0011]    In sheet no.  3 ,  FIG. 3  is the sectional view of the planetary gear unit directly connected to the engine through the main drive shaft, eliminating the differential gear unit, the main drive shaft connected to the ring gear through the conventional speed reduction unit consisting of steel belt with adjustable pulleys, and the planet carrier connected to the drive shaft through connecting gears, and the vehicle connected to the sun gear. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
       [0012]    The details of the differential gear unit, as shown in  FIG. 2 , includes the second output shaft  1  with hand brake, the second output gear  2  for connecting to the planet carrier of the planetary gear unit, the input bevel gear  3 , the engine  4  connected to the power input of the differential unit, the revolving pinion  5 , differential body  6  containing the revolving and rotating pinions, the output bevel gear  7 , the first output gear  8  for connecting to the sun gear of the planetary unit, the hydraulic pump  9  attached to the first output shaft of the differential unit, the flow control valve with variable orifice  10 , the output bevel gear  11 , the fluid line  12 , the intermediate connecting gear  13  for coupling the first output gear to the sun gear, the planet  14 , the fluid discharge line  15 , the hydraulic motor  16 , the sun gear  17 , the connecting gear  18  attached to the sun gear, the connecting gear  19  attached to the ring gear, the connecting gear  20  attached to the planet carrier shaft, the planet carrier shaft  21 , the planet carrier  22 , the ring gear  23 , and the intermediate gear  24  for coupling the second output gear and planet carrier shaft, the coupling gears  25  and  27  installed on the coupling shaft  26  for coupling the sun gear to the planet carrier, the hydraulic unit  28  for actuating the coupling shaft, the fluid inlet and outlet lines  29  of the hydraulic unit. 
         [0013]    The details of the planetary gear unit, as shown in  FIG. 3 , includes the connecting gear  30  attached to the planet carrier shaft, the driven pulley  31  of the speed reduction unit, the planet carrier shaft  32 , the planet carrier  33 , the ring gear  34 , the intermediate gear  35 , the connecting gear  36  fixed on the main drive shaft, the steel chain  37  of the speed reduction unit, the main drive shaft  38  connected to the engine, the driving pulley  39  of the speed reduction unit, the output gear  40  of the planetary gear unit, the sun gear  41 , the planet  42 , and the engine  43 . 
         [0014]    When the power from the prime mover (engine) is transmitted to the differential unit through the bevel gear pair, the output shafts of the unit start rotating. The rotation of the output shafts follows the formula 2N=N1+N2—Formula (1) where as N is the engine speed in rpm.(hereafter referred to as speed). N1 is the first output shaft speed and N2 is the second output shaft speed. 
         [0015]    While the vehicle control lever is in the park position the hydraulic pump installed on the first output shaft sucks the fluid from the fluid tank and freely pumps the fluid back into the tank through the flow control valve and the hydraulic motor installed on the planet carrier shaft. Therefore the output shafts are free to rotate at any speed. 
         [0016]    In the case of planetary gear if X1 is the speed of the sun gear, X2 is the speed of planet carrier and X is the speed of ring gear(annulus) X1=4.5X2−3.5X—Formula (2). (The annulus is connected to the vehicle through the output gear) whereas (Z1+Z2)/Z1=4.5 and Z2/Z1=3.5; Z1=No. of teeth on sun gear=24 and Z2=No. of teeth on annulus=84. Since the first output is connected to the sun gear, and the second output shaft is connected to the planet carrier N1=X1, and N2=X2. 
         [0017]    If the engine speed is 1500 rpm, on applying formula (1) X1 will be equal to 2455 and X2 will be equal to 545. Similarly if the engine speed is 2000rpm, X1 will be equal to 3273 and X2 will be equal to 727. If the engine speed is 3000rpm, X1 will be 4909 and X2 will be 1091. In all these cases applying the value of X1 and X2 in formula (2), the output speed of the planetary gear unit, i.e. the value of X will be zero; Normally in the neutral position the engine speed will be maintained at 1,500 RPM and the speed of the hydraulic pump connected to the sun gear will be at 2,455 RPM. 
         [0018]    When the vehicle is accelerated the microprocessor control will come into action, and automatically adjust the variable orifice of the flow control valve, to build up the fluid pressure to constantly maintain the sun gear speed at 2,454 RPM till the engine speed reaches 2,454 RPM for the direct drive, other wise known as normal drive, the gear ratio being 1:1. It may be noted from the formula—(2) that the tendency of the sun gear will be always to move faster and the planet carrier to move slower in order to slow down the ring gear connected to the vehicle. When the engine is accelerated, the sun gear speed will be always at 2,454; But the planet carrier speed will gradually increase with respect to Formula—(1).The resultant speed of the vehicle also will keep on increasing according to Formula—(2). 
         [0019]    The output speed of the vehicle, corresponding to 1500 to 2454 rpm(engine speed) has been given below in Table—I. 
         [0000]    Example: When engine speed is 2000 rpm, the R.S. output shaft speed is 2454 rpm.
 
Applying formula (1)
 
         [0000]      2 N=N 1+ N 2 
         [0000]      2×2000=2454+ N 2
 
       Therefore N2=1546  
       [0020]    Applying formula (2) 
         [0000]        X 1=4.5 X 2−3.5 X  
 
         [0000]        X 1= N 1&amp; X 2= N 2 
         [0000]    Therefore 2454=4.5×1546−3.5X and X=1286=The vehicle speed. 
         [0000]                                                                TABLE I                   [RPM]                            Ring gear           Engine   First output   Second output   speed X           speed N   shaft speed X1   shaft speed X2   (vehicle speed)                            1500   2454   546   0           1525   2454   596   65           1600   2454   746   258           1700   2454   946   515           1800   2454   1146   772           1900   2454   1346   1029           2000   2454   1546   1286           2454   2454   2454   2454                        
The output speed is ranging from 0 to 2454, to provide enou starting torque for the vehicle during the gear drive.
 
         [0021]    At 2454 rpm the microprocessor will actuate the hydraulic unit of the automatic gear coupler, and connect the sun gear to the planet carrier. The coupler shaft will be axially moving so that the freely running coupling gear, will be engaged with the connecting gear coupled to the sun gear. The coupling gear at the other end of the shaft is already engaged with the planet carrier through the connecting gear attached to the planet carrier shaft. As seen from the Table (1) the engine, the sun gear, the planet carrier and the ring gear will now be running at the same speed for the normal drive as noted below. 
         [0022]    X1=4.5X2−3.5X. Since X1=X2, X1=4.5X1−3.5X, Therefore X=X1; At the speed of 5250, the first and second output shafts, and also the planetary gear output will be at 5250. In this condition the vehicle is in direct drive. 
         [0023]    If over drive is preferred at 5250 rpm (engine speed), the microprocessor will again come into action by operating a manual switch, and automatically disconnect the gear coupling, and adjust the variable orifice of the flow control valve to control the fluid pressure to constantly maintain the sun gear speed at 5,250 RPM, till the engine speed reaches 6,000 RPM and the ring gear. speed 7,178 RPM. The speed of the sun gear, the planet carrier, the ring gear and the engine speed has been given below. Please see (Table—II) 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE II 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 [RPM] 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Engine 
                 First output 
                 Second output 
                 Ring gear 
               
               
                   
                 speed N 
                 shaft speed X1 
                 shaft speed X2 
                 speed X 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 5250 
                 5250 
                 5250 
                 5250 
               
               
                   
                 5400 
                 5250 
                 5550 
                 5635 
               
               
                   
                 5500 
                 5250 
                 5750 
                 5892 
               
               
                   
                 5750 
                 5250 
                 6250 
                 6536 
               
               
                   
                 5900 
                 5250 
                 6550 
                 6921 
               
               
                   
                 6000 
                 5250 
                 6750 
                 7178 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       As Example:  
       [0024]      2 N=N 1+ N 2   (1)
 
         [0000]      2×6000=5250+ N 2
 
       Therefore N2=6750  
       [0025]      N1=X1&amp; N2=X2
 
         [0000]        X 1=4.5 X 2−3.5 X    (2)
 
         [0000]      5250=4.5×6750−3.5 X  
 
         [0000]    Therefore X=7178 In this condition the vehicle is in over drive. 
         [0026]    On return the vehicle speed will follow the same path till 5250 engine speed. At 5,250 RPM the microprocessor will again come into action and actuate the gear coupling to connect sun gear with planet carrier so that the vehicle will move in direct drive. At 2,454 speed, the microprocessor will actuate the gear coupler and disconnect the sun gear from the planet carrier. The vehicle will then move in the gear drive as in table (1) given earlier. Here also there is an option to postpone the operation of the automatic gear coupler so that the vehicle can continue to operate in direct drive if there is no over loading. 
         [0027]    For the reverse drive the vehicle will be first brought to the neutral position. The engine speed will be raised to 2,000 RPM. Therefore the speed of X1 will be 3,273 RPM and X2 will be 727 RPM. By operating the hand brake fixed on the second output shaft, the speed of the second output shaft of the differential gear unit connected to the planet carrier can be reduced to approximately 500 RPM. Automatically the sun gear speed will be increased to 3,500 RPM. From the formula (2) 4.5 X2−X1=3.5 X Wherein X1=3,500 and X2=500 Therefore X will be equal to −357. The vehicle will now move in reverse and the gear ratio will be 2000/357=5.6 
         [0028]    In case higher starting torque is required, the engine speed has to be raised and the sun gear speed has to be maintained at a higher rate by adjusting the flow control valve as shown in the example given in Table—III below. 
         [0000]    This drive is basically meant for high ranges. As example the engine speed is raised to 3,208 RPM and the sun gear speed is set at 5,250 RPM by the microprocessor. The torque at 3,250 engine speed will be 3,250/107=30.37
 
At 4000 engine speed
 
Applying formula (1) 2N=N1+N2
 
       Therefore 2×4000=5250+N2  
     Therefore N2=2750 
       [0029]        X 1=4.5 X 2−3.5 X    Applying formula (2)
 
         [0000]      N1=X1&amp; N2=X2
 
       Therefore 5250=4.5×2750−3.5X 
     Therefore X=2035 
       [0030]      
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE III 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 [RPM] 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Engine 
                 First output 
                 Second output 
                 Ring gear 
               
               
                   
                 speed N 
                 shaft speed XI 
                 shaft speed X2 
                 speed X 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 3208 
                 5250 
                 1166 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 3250 
                 5250 
                 1250 
                 107 
               
               
                   
                 3500 
                 5250 
                 1750 
                 750 
               
               
                   
                 4000 
                 5250 
                 2750 
                 2035 
               
               
                   
                 4500 
                 5250 
                 3750 
                 3321 
               
               
                   
                 5000 
                 5250 
                 4750 
                 4607 
               
               
                   
                 5250 
                 5250 
                 5250 
                 5250 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0031]    When the vehicle is in the neutral position and if the sun gear speed has been already set by the microprocessor at 2,454 RPM, the sun gear speed X1 can not increase. Therefore the vehicle can not move backward even when the vehicle is kept idling in the neutral position, on an upward inclination. This can avoid a few accidents caused by the vehicles moving backward and hitting the vehicle behind at the traffic points. Please see the formula—(2) 4.5 X2−X1=3.5 X The vehicle can move backwards only if the value of X1 increases. 
         [0032]    The hand brake installed on the second output shaft, if actuated, can stop the vehicle faster in the event of an emergency. A valve installed in the fluid return line which can be automatically closed by the microprocessor, can also stop the vehicle quickly during an emergency, provided the vehicle is in gear drive. 
         [0033]    In another embodiment the engine is connected to a common shaft which is directly connected to the planet carrier and also connected to the ring gear through a conventional speed varying mechanism, such as steel belt with adjustable pulley, the hydraulic torque convertor, the toroidal drive system etc. where in the differential gear unit and the hydraulic pump, and the hydraulic circuitry with the flow control valve etc can be totally eliminated. The vehicle in this case is connected to the sun gear. This will make the system much simpler, lighter, and the initial cost also can be reduced. However the deficiency of the system is the delayed response to the load change, the limitation to the max. load to be transmitted, and comparatively lower transmission efficiency. For reverse movement the conventional gear unit has to be used. In order to limit the ratio of the speed variation, the planetary gear unit having smaller diameter has to be selected in this case. Therefore instead of 4.5 and 3.5 ratio in the previous embodiment, in this embodiment the ratio of 3 and 2 has been chosen. This means Z2/Z1=2 and (Z1+Z2)/Z1=3. In this case the no. of teeth on sun gear and ring gear will be respectively 24 and 48.The vehicle has to be connected to the sun gear. The formula will be 
         [0000]    X1=3X2−2X. In this case since the max. torque has to be transmitted by the sun gear having smaller diameter, the surface stress on the gear teeth could be quite high.
 
Please see Table—IV below for the vehicle speed etc.
 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE IV 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 [RPM]{grave over ( )} 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Planet carrier 
                 Ring gear 
                 Sun gear 
                 gear ratio 
               
               
                   
                 speed X2 
                 speed X 
                 speed X1 
                 X2/X1 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 1500 
                 2250 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 1600 
                 2154 
                 492 
                 3.25 
               
               
                   
                 1700 
                 2266 
                 567 
                 3.00 
               
               
                   
                 1800 
                 2372 
                 655 
                 2.75 
               
               
                   
                 1900 
                 2470 
                 760 
                 2.50 
               
               
                   
                 2000 
                 2555 
                 889 
                 2.25 
               
               
                   
                 2200 
                 2672 
                 1257 
                 1.75 
               
               
                   
                 2400 
                 2640 
                 1920 
                 1.25 
               
               
                   
                 2500 
                 2500 
                 2500 
                 1.00 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0034]    During the entire operation the microprocessor will continuously receive the data on the throttle position, the suction pressure of the engine, the engine temperature, the lubrication oil temperature and the engine speed through sensors. If the engine speed and the suction pressure matches with the throttle position, and the temperature is steady, the indication is that the engine produces enough torque required for the traction. At the moment there is an adverse change in any of the conditions, the microprocessor will immediately adjust the throttle position and bring down the engine speed to build up better torque. Similarly at any time during the gear drive, the driver can choose any gear ratio of his choice by manually operating the flow control valve. 
         [0035]    The idle speed range and the speed limit settings of the differential gear output shafts can be selected depending on the type of vehicle and the users preference. The entire drive transmission can be controlled by a 32 bit 40 MHz microprocessor. 
         [0036]    The foregoing discussion discloses and describes the exemplary embodiment of the present invention. One skilled in the art will readily recognize from such discussion, and from the accompanying drawings and claims that various changes, modifications and variations can be made therein without departing from the true spirit and fair scope of the invention as defined by the following claims.