Abstract:
An optical encoder, a system and a method for outputting a signal are provided. The optical encoder and the system have a shaft extending from an interior of a housing. A circuit board having a light emitting element and a light detector is connected to the housing. The light emitting element emits an amount of light within the interior of the housing. A light pipe transmits, deflects and/or directs the amount of light from the light emitting element toward the light detector. A rotor which is connected to the shaft rotates to change the amount of light received by the light detector. The shaft is connected to a sprocket which contacts a spring to produce a sound or vibration which indicates the shaft is rotating, twisting and/or turning. The circuit board outputs a signal via a cable based on the amount of light received by the light detector. The signal corresponds to a position and/or a location of the shaft.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
       [0001]     The present invention generally relates to an encoder, a system and a method for outputting a signal. More specifically, the present invention relates to an encoder and a system which detects light emitting from a light emitting element with a light detector to output a signal.  
         [0002]     The encoder and the system may have a housing. A light emitting element, a light detector and/or a rotor may be within the housing. The light detector may detect light from the light emitting element. A light pipe may transmit and/or may deflect light from the light emitting element in the housing.  
         [0003]     The rotor may cooperate with the shaft. Rotation of the shaft may rotate the rotor to block, to deflect and/or to absorb light from the light emitting element. The light detector may detect movement and/or a position of the shaft. The shaft may rotate to move a sprocket which may contact a spring. A cable and/or terminal pins may output a signal based on the direction, the amount and/or the intensity of light. The signal may correspond to the position of the shaft. The shaft may contact a pushbutton which may contact a circuit board to output the signal via the cable and/or the terminal pins.  
         [0004]     It is generally known to incorporate and/or to connect a switch to a device, such as, for example, a computer, a radio, a global positioning system, a television, a game system and/or the like. The switch outputs a signal to control the device. For example, the switch may output a signal to change a radio station and/or to control power supplied to the device. In another example, a user may output a signal to control a display for a global positioning system. A user may control the switch by turning and/or depressing a shaft within the switch. Movement of the shaft outputs the signal to a processing unit. The signal corresponds to a position of the shaft. The processing unit receives the signal to control the device.  
         [0005]     More specifically, the switch contacts a circuit by, for example, an arm attached to the shaft. As the switch turns, the arm of the shaft engages one of an array of points within the circuit which are arranged around the shaft. The circuit is closed in a loop by contact with the arm of the shaft. As a result, the switch outputs a signal which corresponds to a location of the shaft. However, repeated contact between the arm of the shaft and the points of the circuit result in the switch failing to output the signal. For example, points within the circuit may chip and/or may separate from the circuit to prevent the switch from outputting the signal. In addition, the shaft of the switch may eventually rotate without the arm contacting the circuit and/or without the contact of the circuit closing the loop of the circuit. Accordingly, the operational life of the switch is limited.  
         [0006]     It is also generally known for a user to use a magnetic switch to output a signal. The magnetic switch uses a Hall effect sensor to output a signal rather than a mechanical arm to output a signal. The magnetic switch has a magnet positioned on the shaft at a location within the switch. The user rotates the shaft to output a signal to, for example, turn a radio to an “on” position. Rotation of the shaft moves the magnet to produce changes in magnetic field density. The Hall effect-sensor detects changes in magnetic field density to output the signal corresponding to a position of the shaft.  
         [0007]     However, movement of the shaft is limited by the locations of the Hall effect sensor. Specifically, the switch will only determine positions of the shaft where a Hall effect sensor is located. Providing multiple sensors at multiple locations within the switch is costly. In addition, multiple sensors results in a higher likelihood that the switch will fail to output the signal or output an inaccurate signal.  
         [0008]     Further, a magnetically operated switch produces no sound, such as, a clicking noise. Still further, the magnetic switch does not provide tactile feedback to a user. As a result, a user cannot determine whether a shaft of the switch is moving and how far the shaft of the switch has moved from a previous position.  
         [0009]     A need, therefore, exists for an encoder, a system and a method for outputting a signal. Additionally, a need exists for an encoder, a system and a method for outputting a signal which optically detects positions of a shaft. Further, a need exists for an encoder, a system and a method for outputting a signal having a shaft connected to a sprocket which contacts a spring to provide audible and tactile feedback to a user. Still further, a need exists for an encoder, a system and a method for outputting a signal having a shaft rotatable to multiple positions which may be detected by a light detector.  
         [0010]     Moreover, a need exists for an encoder, a system and a method for outputting a signal having a shaft wherein depressing and/or pushing the shaft depresses a push button to provide tactile feedback to a user. Furthermore, a need exists for an encoder, a system and a method for outputting a signal having a shaft wherein rotating the shaft produces a sound to indicate that the shaft is rotating. In addition, a need exists for an encoder, a system and a method for outputting a signal having a single circuit board for detecting light and transmitting light within the encoder. Further, a need exists for an encoder, a system and a method for outputting a signal which provides a nearly infinite life of components of the encoder and/or the system.  
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
       [0011]     The present invention relates to an encoder, a system and a method for outputting a signal. More specifically, the encoder and the system may optically detect movement of a shaft to output a signal which may correspond to a position and/or a location of the shaft. A circuit board may be positioned and/or may be located in the housing. The circuit board may have a light emitting element and/or a light detector. A light pipe may direct and/or may transmit the light in the housing. A rotor may absorb, may reflect and/or may direct light from the light pipe to the light detector. The housing may have terminal pins and/or a cable to output a signal from the light detector. The signal may be based on an amount, a direction and/or an intensity of the light. The signal may correspond to a location and/or a position of the shaft.  
         [0012]     To this end, in an embodiment of the present invention, an optical encoder is provided. The optical encoder has a housing having an interior wherein the interior is defined between a top end and a bottom end. Further, the optical encoder has a shaft extending outward with respect to the housing to a point exterior to the housing. Still further, the optical encoder a light emitting element connected to the housing wherein the light emitting element transmits an amount of light. Moreover, the optical encoder has a light detector connected to the housing wherein the light detector detects the amount of light. Furthermore, the optical encoder has a light pipe positioned between the light detector and the light emitting element wherein the light pipe deflects light from the light emitting element to the light detector.  
         [0013]     In an embodiment, the optical encoder has a rotor connected to the shaft wherein movement of the rotor changes the amount of light detected by the light detector.  
         [0014]     In an embodiment, the optical encoder has a circuit board connected to the housing wherein the light emitting element and the light detector are connected to the circuit board.  
         [0015]     In an embodiment, the optical encoder has a cable connected to the light detector wherein the cable transmits a signal based on the amount of light detected by the light detector.  
         [0016]     In an embodiment, the optical encoder has a button within the housing wherein depressing the shaft contacts the button.  
         [0017]     In an embodiment, the optical encoder has a sprocket connected to the shaft wherein movement of the shaft moves the sprocket.  
         [0018]     In another embodiment a system for encoding an amount of light is provided. The system has a housing having a height defined between a top surface and a bottom surface. Further, the system has a circuit board connected to the housing wherein the circuit board transmits an electrical signal. Still further, the system has a means for emitting light wherein the means for emitting light transmits the amount of light to the housing. Moreover, the system has a means for detecting light connected to the circuit board. Furthermore, the system has a deflecting means positioned between the means for emitting light and the means for detecting light wherein the deflecting means deflects the light from the means for emitting light towards the means for detecting light.  
         [0019]     In an embodiment, the system has means for changing the amount of light received by the means for detecting light.  
         [0020]     In an embodiment, the system has means for absorbing the amount of light transmitted by the means for emitting light.  
         [0021]     In an embodiment, the system has means for transmitting the signal from the housing.  
         [0022]     In an embodiment, the system has means for contacting the circuit board to output the electrical signal.  
         [0023]     In an embodiment, the system has means for producing a noise wherein the noise sounds to indicate a change in the amount of light received by the means for detecting light.  
         [0024]     In an embodiment, the system has means for producing a vibration wherein the vibration indicates a change in the amount of light received by the means for detecting light.  
         [0025]     In another embodiment a method for outputting a signal is provided. The method has the step of providing a housing having a width defined between a distal end and a proximate end. Further, the method has the step of emitting an amount of light to the housing. Still further, the method has the step of deflecting the amount light from the proximate end to the distal end. Moreover, the method has the step of detecting the amount of light at the distal end. Furthermore, the method has the step of transmitting the signal wherein the signal is an electrical signal and further wherein the signal is based on the amount of light detected at the distal end.  
         [0026]     In an embodiment, the method has the step of connecting a shaft to the housing wherein movement of the shaft changes the amount of light transmitted to the distal end.  
         [0027]     In an embodiment, the method has the step of positioning a rotor between the distal end and the proximate end of the housing wherein the rotor changes the amount of light transmitted to the distal end.  
         [0028]     In an embodiment, the method has the step of contacting a button to output the signal.  
         [0029]     In an embodiment, the method has the step of connecting a spring to the housing wherein the spring produces a sound.  
         [0030]     In an embodiment, the signal corresponds to a position of the shaft.  
         [0031]     In an embodiment, the method has the step of connecting a sprocket to the housing wherein movement of the sprocket produces a sound.  
         [0032]     It is, therefore, an advantage of the present invention to provide an encoder and a system and a method for outputting a signal which optically detects a position, a location and/or movement of a shaft.  
         [0033]     Another advantage of the present invention is to provide an encoder and a system and a method for outputting a signal wherein rotation of the shaft moves a rotor to change a direction, an intensity and/or an amount of light received by a light detector.  
         [0034]     And, another advantage of the present invention is to provide an encoder and a system and a method for outputting a signal having a light detector for optically detecting movement and/or a position of a shaft.  
         [0035]     Yet another advantage of the present invention is to provide an encoder and a system and a method for outputting a signal having a single circuit board which may have a light emitting element and a light detector.  
         [0036]     A further advantage of the present invention is to provide an encoder and a system and a method for outputting a signal wherein rotation of a shaft contacts a spring to provide tactile feedback to a user.  
         [0037]     Moreover, another advantage of the present invention is to provide an encoder and a system and a method for outputting a signal wherein rotation of a shaft produces a sound to indicate that the shaft is rotating.  
         [0038]     And, another advantage of the present invention is to provide an encoder and a system and a method for outputting a signal having a spring which may be adjusted to provide different audio feedbacks and/or different tactile feedbacks.  
         [0039]     Another advantage of the present invention is to provide an encoder and a system and a method for outputting a signal wherein a shaft may be pressed to contact a pushbutton to output the signal.  
         [0040]     A still further advantage of the present invention is to provide an encoder and a system and a method for outputting a signal having a light pipe which deflects and/or directs light from a first location to a second location.  
         [0041]     Additional features and advantages of the present invention are described in, and will be apparent from, the detailed description of the presently preferred embodiments and from the drawings. 
     
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0042]      FIG. 1  illustrates a side plan view of a shaft within a housing in an embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0043]      FIG. 2  illustrates a perspective view of a housing and a shaft in an embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0044]      FIG. 3  illustrates an exploded perspective view of the shaft, a housing and a rotor in an embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0045]      FIG. 4  illustrates a black box diagram of a system using an encoder to optically detect movement of a shaft. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
       [0046]     The present invention relates to an encoder and a system and a method for outputting a signal. The encoder and the system may have a housing which may have a top end and a bottom end. The shaft may extend from an interior of the housing to an exterior of the housing. The shaft may be connected to and/or may be in contact with a rotor and/or a sprocket. Movement of the shaft may rotate and/or may turn the sprocket to contact a spring to produce audible and/or tactile feedback to a user. A light emitting element may transmit light within the housing. A light pipe may transmit light from the bottom end of the housing to the top end of the housing. Rotation of the shaft may turn and/or may rotate the rotor to block, to absorb and/or to deflect light from a photodetector. The shaft may be pressed, pushed and/or depressed to contact a push button to output an electrical signal via a cable and/or terminal pins. The photodetector may output an electrical signal based on an amount, an intensity and/or a location of light transmitted from the light emitting element via the cable and/or the terminal pins.  
         [0047]     Referring now to the drawings wherein like numerals refer to like parts,  FIG. 1  and  FIG. 2  illustrate an encoder  3  having a housing  5 . The housing  5  may have a height H defined between a top end  7  and a bottom end  9 . Pins  15   a - 15   d  may connect, may secure and/or may attach a top surface  11  to a bottom surface  13  of the housing  5 . Between the top surface  11  and the bottom surface  13  of the housing  5  may be an interior  4  of the housing  5 , as illustrated in  FIG. 3 . The pins  15   a - 15   d  may extend from the top surface  11  to the bottom surface  13 .  
         [0048]     A bushing  17  may connect to and/or may secure to the top surface  11  of the housing  5  via the pins  15   a - 15   d . In an embodiment, the pins  15   a - 15   d  may be integrally formed with the bushing  17 . The bushing  17  may support and/or may guide a shaft  19  which may extend from the interior  4  of the housing  5  through the top surface  11 . The bushing  17  may have a first portion  18  which may be, for example, a flat surface. The bushing  17  may have a second portion  20  which may extend from the first portion  18 . The second portion  20  of the bushing  17  may extend a distance D 1  from the first portion  18 . The second portion  20  of the bushing  17  may have threads  21  which may be, for example, male threads. The second portion  20  may secure to, may connect to and/or may attach to a processing unit  71 , as illustrated in  FIG. 4 .  
         [0049]     The shaft  19  may extend a distance D 2  exterior to the housing  5 . The distance D 2  may be greater than the distance D 1 . The shaft  19  may rotate, may turn and/or may twist with respect to the top surface  11  of the housing  5 . The shaft  19  may be depressed and/or may be pushed toward the bottom surface  13  of the housing  5 . Movement of the shaft  19  may be converted to a signal, for example, an electrical signal, within the housing  5 . A cable  25  and/or terminal pins  23   a ,  23   b  may output the signal from the housing  5 . The signal may correspond to a location and/or a position of the shaft  19 . The cable  25  and/or the terminal pins  23   a - 23   f  may attach to and/or may connect to the bottom portion  13  of the housing  5 . The present invention should not be deemed limited to a specific device and/or method of outputting the signal from the housing  5 .  
         [0050]      FIG. 3  illustrates an exploded view of the encoder  3  in an embodiment of the present invention. The encoder  3  may have a housing  5  which may have a first section  6  and/or a second section  8 . The first section  6  may be secured, connected and/or attached to the second section  8  via the pins  15   a - 15   d , as illustrated in  FIG. 1 .  
         [0051]     The shaft  19  may have a length L defined between a first end  31  and a second end  33 . As illustrated in  FIG. 1 , the first end  31  may extend the distance D 2  outward from the top surface  11  of the housing  5 . The second end  33  of the shaft  19  may contact, may connect to and/or may secure to a sprocket  35  and a rotor  41 . The second end  33  of the shaft  19  may connect to and/or may contact an actuator  39 . The shaft  19  may be depressed and/or may be pushed to contact the actuator  39 .  
         [0052]     The actuator  39  may made from an insulating material, such as, for example, rubber, plastic, felt, ceramic, porcelain and/or the like. To this end, the actuator  39  may absorb and/or may insulate the shaft  19  from voltage and/or current, such as, for example, the electrical signal. The shaft  19  may contact and/or may abut the actuator  39 . Interaction between the shaft  19  and the actuator  39  may provide tactile and/or audible feedback to a user. The actuator  29  may be any material as known to one having ordinary skill in the art to provide a desired tactile and/or a desired audible feedback.  
         [0053]     The shaft  19  may have a lip  35  extending outward with respect to the shaft  19 . The sprocket  35  may secure to and/or may contact the lip  35 . The lip  35  may prevent the sprocket  35  from moving outward with respect to the housing  5  toward the first end  31 . In addition, the lip  35  may prevent the shaft  19  from moving outward with respect to the bushing  17  and/or the housing  19 . The lip  35  may also prevent the shaft  19  from being removed from the housing  5  and/or the bushing  17 .  
         [0054]     The sprocket  35  may be attached to, may be secured to and/or may be connected to the shaft  19 . The sprocket  35  may be connected to and/or in contact with the first section  6  of the housing  5 . The sprocket  35  may be located and/or may be positioned in an opening  34 , such as, for example, a crevice, a valley, a cut-out and/or the like of the first section  6  of the housing  5 . The sprocket  35  may be rotatable with respect to the first section  6  of the housing  5 . The shaft  19  may extend within the interior  4  of the housing  5  through the sprocket  35 .  
         [0055]     Rotation of the shaft  19  may turn and/or may rotate the sprocket  35  to contact a spring  37 . The sprocket  35  interacts and/or contacts the spring  37  to provide audible and/or tactile feedback to a user  69 . The sprocket  35  may have, for example, grooves  36   a ,  36   b  which may contact the spring  37  to provide audible and tactile feedback. The sprocket  35  and/or the spring  37  may be removeable. Changing a shape, a size and/or a dimension of the spring  37  and/or the sprocket  37  may adjust and/or change the audible feedback and/or the tactile feedback. The sprocket  35  may have, for example, grooves  36   a ,  36   b  which may contact the spring  37  to provide the audible and/or the tactile feedback. The grooves  36   a ,  36   b  may be shaped, such as, for example, rounded, flat, pointed and/or the like. The present invention should not be deemed limited to a specific size, shape and/or configuration of the sprocket  35 . The sprocket  35  may be adjusted and/or modified to provide different tactile feedback and different audio feedback as known to one having ordinary skill in the art.  
         [0056]     The spring  37  may be positioned and/or may be located in the first section  6  of the housing  5 . The spring  37  may extend toward the sprocket  35  within the housing  5 . Rotation of the shaft  19  may rotate the sprocket  35  which may contact the spring  37 . The sprocket  35  may move, may push and/or may depress the spring  37  outward with respect to the sprocket  35 . The present invention should not be deemed limited to a specific number, size, shape and/or configuration of the spring  37 . The spring  37  may be adjusted and/or modified to provide any tactile feedback and any audio feedback known to one having ordinary skill in the art. In addition, any number of springs may be added to provide different tactile feedback and/or different audio feedback known to one having ordinary skill in the art.  
         [0057]     The shaft  19  may extend through the first section  6  of the housing  5 . A rotor  41  and/or a light pipe  43  may be located and/or may be positioned between the first section  6  and/or the second section  8 . The light pipe  43  may connect to and/or may secure to the first section  6  of the housing  5 . The light pipe  43  may be integrally formed with the first section  6  and/or the second section  8  of the housing  5 . The light pipe  43  may transmit and/or may deflect light from a light emitting element  53 . The light pipe  43  may deflect and/or may transmit light from the second section  8  to the first section  6  of the housing  5 . The light pipe  43  may be a conduit, such as, for example, a tube, a rod and/or the like. The light pipe  43  may be positioned and/or may be located to transmit and/or to deflect light from the bottom end  9  to the top end  7  of the housing  5 . The light pipe  43  may transmit light from the light emitting element  53  toward the rotor  41  and/or a light detector  45 .  
         [0058]     The shaft  19  may extend through the rotor  41 . The bottom end  9  of the shaft  19  may terminate at the rotor  41 . The shaft  19  may connect to, may secure to and/or may contact the rotor  41 . The rotor  41  may be located and/or may be positioned on and/or between the first section  6  and/or the second section  8 . The rotor  41  may rotate and/or may turn with respect to the housing  5 . Rotation of the shaft  19  may rotate and/or may turn the rotor  41  to block, to deflect and/or to absorb light transmitted from the light pipe  43  and/or the light detector  45 . The rotor  41  may rotate and/or may turn to change an amount, a direction, an intensity and/or a location of light transmitted to the light detector  45 .  
         [0059]     The actuator  39  may extend through the second section  8  of the housing  5 . Depressing and/or pushing the shaft  19  may contact and/or may activate and/or may engage the actuator  39  to output an electrical signal. The actuator  39  may be depressed and/or pushed to contact and/or to connect to a circuit board  49 . The actuator  39  may contact and/or connect to the circuit board  49  via a button  51 .  
         [0060]     Depressing the button  51  may depress the actuator  39  to contact the circuit board  49 . The button  51  may be, for example, a conductive material, such as, for example, copper, nickel, gold, silver, aluminum, graphite, iron, brass and/or the like. The button  51  may contact the circuit board  49  to complete and/or to form a circuit (not shown) to output the electrical signal which may correspond to a location and/or a position of the shaft  19 . Alternatively, the button  51  may be made from, for example, an insulated material, such as, for example, plastic, rubber, felt, ceramic, porcelain and/or the like. The button  51  may contact the circuit board  49  to add resistance to and/or to interrupt the circuit (not shown). The button  51  may contact the circuit board  49  to provide audible feedback and/or tactile feedback. The button  51  may be adjusted and/or modified to provide different tactile feedback and different audio feedback known to one having ordinary skill in the art. For example, the button  51  may be made from a different material to provide different tactile feedback and/or different audio feedback known to one having ordinary skill in the art.  
         [0061]     The circuit board  49  may be located and/or may be positioned at the bottom end  9  of the housing  5 . The circuit board  49  may contain and/or may secure the light emitting element  53  and/or the light detector  45 . The light emitting element  53  may be, for example, a light emitting diode which may transmit visible light, infrared light and/or the like. The light emitting element  53  may transmit an amount of light within the housing  5 . The light pipe  43  may transmit and/or may deflect the amount of light from the bottom end  9  of the housing  5  to the top end  7  of the housing  5 .  
         [0062]     The light detector  45  may detect an amount, an intensity, a direction and/or a location of light transmitted from the light emitting element  53  and/or the light pipe  43 . The light detector  45  may output a signal, such as, for example, an electrical signal. The signal may correspond to a location and/or a position of the shaft  19 . The signal may be output from the housing  5  via a cable  59 . Terminal pins  23   a ,  23   b , such as, for example, electrical contacts and/or the like may output the signal from the housing  5 , as illustrated in  FIG. 2 . The present invention should not be deemed limited to a specific device and/or method of outputting the signal from the housing  5 .  
         [0063]     The pins  15   a - 15   d  may extend from the top end  7  of the housing  5  through the first section  6 , the second section  8 , the circuit board  49  and/or a plate  57 . The pins  15   a - 15   d  may be integrally formed with the bushing  17 . The pins  15   a - 15   d  may be larger in size at the bushing  17  to secure the bushing  17  to the housing  5 . In addition, the pins  15   a - 15   d  may secure the plate  57  to the housing  5 .  
         [0064]     The plate  57  may prevent the circuit board  49  from moving, bending, flexing and/or the like. The plate  57  may apply a force to the actuator  39  and/or the button  51 . The force may move and/or may push the actuator  39  and/or the button  51  away from the circuit board  49 . For example, the shaft  19  may depress the actuator  39  and/or the button  51  to contact the circuit board  49 . The plate  57  may force the actuator  39  and/or the button  51  away from the circuit board  49  to an initial position relative to the circuit board  49 .  
         [0065]     In use, the shaft  19  may rotate and/or may turn to move the rotor  41  to change an amount and/or a direction of light transmitted to the light detector  45 . The light emitting element  53  may transmit light within the housing  5 . The light pipe  43  may deflect and/or may transmit light from the light emitting element  53  from, for example, the circuit board  49  to the top end  7  of the housing  5 . The light detector  45  may detect the amount and/or the direction of light to output a first signal via the cable  59 . Depressing and/or pushing the shaft  19  toward the bottom end  9  of the housing  5  may depress the actuator  39  to contact the circuit board  49  and output a second signal via the cable  59 . The first signal, for example, may be greater than the second signal. Each signal, respectively, may correspond to a location and/or a position of the shaft  19 .  
         [0066]      FIG. 4  illustrates a black box diagram of a system  70  using an encoder to detect movement of a shaft in an embodiment of the present invention. The encoder  3  may be connected to and/or in communication with a processing unit  71  which may be connected to and/or in communication with a database  73 . The processing unit  71  may be connected to and/or in communication with a user interface  75 . The user interface  75  may display, for example, a map, a radio station, a menu, a selection screen and/or the like. For example, the user interface  75  may display a map illustrating roads, restaurants, businesses and/or the like. In another embodiment, the user interface  75  may display a list of, for example, radio stations. A user  69  may rotate the shaft  19  to move, for example, a cursor and/or an arrow to a desired radio station. Rotation of the shaft  19  may output a first electrical signal to the processing unit  71 . The first electrical signal may correspond to a location and/or a position of the shaft  19 . The user  69  may push and/or may depress the shaft  19  to select the desired radio station. Pushing and/or depressing the shaft  19  may output a second electrical signal to the second electrical signal to a location and/or to a position of the shaft  19 . The present invention should not be deemed limited to the specific user interface. The processing unit  71  may be applied to different technologies known to one having ordinary skill in the art.  
         [0067]     The housing  5  may have, for example, the first section  6  and the second section  8  which may be attached to and/or secured via the pins  15   a - 15   d  to define the interior  4  of the housing  5 . The light emitting element  53  may transmit light within the housing  5 . The shaft  19  may extend through the housing  5 . The user  69  may move and/or may rotate the shaft  19  to move and/or to rotate the rotor  41  which may block, absorb and/or deflect light from the light emitting element  53 . The housing  5  may output an electrical signal based on an amount, a direction and/or a location of light received and/or sensed by the light detector  45 . The electrical signal may be transmitted to the processing unit  71  to communicate with the user interface  75  and/or the database  73 .  
         [0068]     It should be understood that various changes and modifications to the presently preferred embodiments described herein will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Such changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention and without diminishing its attendant advantages. It is, therefore, intended that such changes and modifications be covered by the appended claims.