Abstract:
An adjustable-length toilet fastener assembly and method for use wherein the constituent components are cooperatively configured to provide height adjustability without cutting or breaking parts of the assembly for various installation environments and floor configurations when securing a toilet to an underlying support such as a closet collar or other mounting flange. In one embodiment, a tightening tool provided as part of the subject assembly is engageable with and concealed by a low-profile decorative cap.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0001]    This invention relates to adjustable-length fasteners such as bolts and screws that can be used to install and secure toilets to support structures, particularly underlying support structures such as subfloors, collars, flanges, drain pipes and the like. 
       DESCRIPTION OF RELATED ART 
       [0002]    Traditionally, a toilet is installed over a drain pipe using a closet collar secured to the subfloor in fluid communication with the drain pipe. A fluid seal such as a wax ring or other similarly effective sealing member is desirably positioned between a downwardly projecting outlet horn of the toilet base that is insertable into the closet collar to prevent fluid leakage that can otherwise occur when the toilet is flushed. In a conventional toilet installation, the toilet base is typically secured to the flange portion of the closet collar with a long threaded bolt, sometimes called a “toilet bolt” or “floor bolt” that is positioned to be insertable upwardly through an aperture or bolt hole disposed on each side of the toilet base. A nut is sometimes threaded onto an externally threaded section of the floor bolt above the closet collar before the toilet base is lowered over the bolt. Desirably, the bolts then protrude through the toilet bolt holes on each side of the toilet base a sufficient distance to permit the installation of another nut that secures the toilet base to the closet collar. A washer is often but not always used between the toilet base and the nut, and the nut (most often a conventional hex nut) is tightened with a wrench and then covered with a decorative cap or bolt cover. Conventional bolt covers can have a height equal to or greater than the diameter of the base, which is needed if a substantial portion of the bolt length remains exposed above the nut. Such bolt covers or caps can be more difficult to clean and sanitize around during routine housekeeping. 
         [0003]    Because subfloor thicknesses can vary significantly and differences are often encountered when installing toilets, the floor bolts are typically made longer than is usually necessary to assure that they will extend through the toilet bolt holes regardless of the subfloor configuration. If they are too long, however, the bolts must be shortened prior to applying the decorative cap. In such cases, the excess length at the top of the bolt above the nut is sawed off with a tool such as a hacksaw to permit a decorative bolt cover to be installed over the washer and nut. Alternatively, the bolts are made with weakened areas that can be snapped with pliers or other similarly effective tools. These conventional bolt assemblies and methods pose several common problems that establish a need for an improved technology. The need for using hand tools to saw off or break bolts in locations that are often cramped and confining poses a significant hindrance to both professional installers and do-it-yourself (“DIY”) consumers. Any sawing or breaking of the bolt ends in a confined space between the toilet and a nearby wall or sink can require the installer to assume awkward positions with a limited range of movement. Breaking the bolts can bend the bolts or damage threads, and over-tightening the nuts with a wrench can crack or fracture a toilet base. 
         [0004]    Recently, others have disclosed various toilet bolt configurations and fastener assemblies. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 8,210,785 discloses an externally threaded floor bolt, a cooperatively threaded cylindrical insert (or multiple sleeves to accommodate different sized floor bolts), and a nut having a flat top and a cylindrically shaped stem. In use, the insert threads onto the floor bolt, the toilet is set over the insert, and the nut is threaded downwardly into the top of the insert. In one embodiment, the top of the nut is adapted for use of a screwdriver to tighten the assembly, and another embodiment provides wrench flats for use in tightening. The need for adjustable lengths is not disclosed except in the context of utilizing a “hack saw or the like” to cut off the tops of the bolts if necessary. A disc-shaped decorative cap that either snaps onto or rotates into engagement (bayonet with quarter-turn) with the flat top nut is also disclosed. 
         [0005]    U.S. Pub. No. 2013/0326801 A1 discloses a fastener assembly having a base configured to be inserted into a flange slot and an upwardly projecting bolt shaft having an inner bore that is externally and internally threaded. The external threads are configured to receive a nut member securing the base and bolt shaft to the flange, and the internal threads are configured to receive external threads disposed at the distal end of a cap. The use of a removable guide post or guide bolt is disclosed that is configured to engage the inner bore of the bolt shaft to assist in aligning the bolt shaft with a bolt hole in the toilet base. 
         [0006]    A need remains, however, for an adjustable length toilet bolt assembly that does not requires the use of hand tools when seating a toilet base on the flange portion of a closet collar and that can be used interchangeably with the OEM bolt cap or with a low-profile bolt cap provided as part of the assembly. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0007]    This invention offers new advantages and provides a solution to difficulties commonly encountered during toilet installation, including without limitation eliminating the need for using hand tools when setting the toilet base; simplifying installation over a wide range of drain, closet flange, floor, and toilet configurations; and avoiding the need for large or unsightly toilet bolt caps and the cleaning problems often associated with the use of traditional toilet installation hardware and accessories. With the present invention, a plurality of coaxially alignable, cooperatively engageable fastener sections provides height adjustability without the need for sawing or breaking bolts, and facilitates the use of either a low profile bolt cap provided with the assembly or another bolt cap such as an OEM cap supplied with the toilet. The low profile bolt cap is desirably directly attachable to one of the cooperatively engageable fastener sections or to a fastener tightening tool that is incorporated in some embodiments of the apparatus of the invention. 
         [0008]    One embodiment of the invention comprises a tee bolt or other similarly effective fastener section that is insertable through a channel in an underlying flange or closet collar to anchor the fastener assembly of the invention to the underlying support. The tee bolt also facilitates the height adjustability feature of the invention, and desirably comprises both external threads and an internally threaded axial bore. A stabilizing collar is desirably provided as part of the subject fastener assembly to be engageable with and support the portion of the tee bolt projecting above the flange or closet collar. The stabilizing collar can be threaded or unthreaded and desirably assists in resisting wobbling of the tee bolt while trying to lower the toilet into a desired position in which the tee bolt is aligned with bolt holes or other apertures in the toilet base. The stabilizing collar also desirably resists rotation of the tee bolt around its longitudinal axis relative to the flange of a closet collar during tightening of the fastener assembly of the invention. 
         [0009]    Another embodiment of the invention optionally comprises an extension member that is coaxially alignable and cooperatively engageable with the tee bolt to further enhance the overall height adjustability of the assembly. 
         [0010]    Another embodiment of the invention optionally comprises an alignment guide such as a guide post or bolt bullet that is selectively and releasably engageable with the tee bolt or with an extension member, during subsequent threading operations by resisting axial rotation of the tee bolt relative to the closet collar. 
         [0011]    Another embodiment of the invention comprises an adjustable length tightening member that is desirably coaxially alignable and cooperatively engageable with the tee bolt or with an extension member of the subject toilet fastener assembly. According to one preferred embodiment of the invention, the tightening member is a hex bolt having threads that are engageable with a tee bolt or with an extension member connected to a tee bolt. According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, the tightening member comprises a bolt section that is engageable with a tee bolt or an extension member and also comprises an integrally fabricated or unitarily formed head section that can be hand-tightened without the use of tools. 
         [0012]    Another embodiment of the invention comprises a tightening tool that can be manually manipulated without hand tools to tighten the subject fastener assembly to secure a toilet base to an underlying support such as the flange portion of a closet collar. According to one preferred embodiment of the invention, the tightening tool is either releasably attachable to the tightening member, or is formed as an integral or unitarily formed part of the tightening member, and desirably applies torque to tighten the other parts of the subject fastener assembly while avoiding the need for wrenches that may be difficult to use in confined spaces or unavailable to non-professional or DIY users. According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, the tightening tool is engageable with the head of a hex bolt and once engaged, is attachable to and concealable under a low-profile bolt cover that is also desirably provided as part of the subject fastener assembly. The subject bolt caps desirably provide clean and attractive surfaces at the toilet bolt attachment locations and facilitate routine cleaning while also limiting exposure of the upper portions of the fastener assembly to contact with potentially corrosive fluids. 
         [0013]    According to another embodiment of the invention, the length or height adjustability features of the invention, such as can be achieved through the use of cooperatively threaded parts as disclosed here in the preferred embodiments, desirably accommodates various thicknesses of floors or sub-floors and different toilet base configurations without the need for providing overly long bolts that typically require the use of saws or bolt cutters to complete a toilet installation, and without the use of a wrench to tight the subject fastener assembly. 
         [0014]    Depending upon factors such as part configuration, anticipated load requirements, available fabrication methods, materials and equipment, use environment and cost considerations, parts of some preferred fastener assemblies of the invention are desirably, but not necessarily, constructed of metals, or can be made using durable polymeric materials or other materials that are similarly satisfactory for the intended use. For example, the structure, function and appearance of the bolt cap component of the invention suggest manufacture using a moldable thermoplastic polymeric material. For other parts, machined nylon extrusions may be preferable for some applications. According to one embodiment of the invention, some parts can be combined. For example, the bolt cap, tightening tool and tightening member may be combined into a single part that is either pre-assembled, insert molded or unitarily formed but retains the desired functionality of each constituent part, whether or not separately identified as in another embodiment of the invention. 
         [0015]    According to another embodiment of the invention, a method for installing a toilet base onto a support structure such as the flange portion of a closet collar is also disclosed. One preferred embodiment of the method of the invention comprises inserting a floor bolt such as a tee bolt into a support flange; placing a toilet base over the bolt; inserting a tightening member through an aperture in the base of the toilet and into engagement with the bolt; providing a tightening tool to apply torque to the tightening member; applying manual force to the tightening tool to torque the tightening member relative to the tee bolt with the tightening tool; and covering the tightening tool with a cap. 
         [0016]    It will be appreciated by those of skill in the art upon reading this disclosure that various alterations and modifications to the embodiments particularly disclosed here can be made within the scope of the invention. For example, the “tee bolt” element of the invention can be cooperatively configured together with a closet collar or other flange or support surface to have a different shape, profile, or slightly different functionality while still exhibiting the principal functional capabilities as disclosed here. Similarly, the “stabilizing collar” as disclosed here can have many different configurations that engage or cooperate with the tee bolt in slightly different ways while still achieving the objectives of resisting “wobble” of the tee bolt during toilet installation and resisting rotational movement of the tee bolt relative to the support member when the fastener assembly of the invention is adjusted and tightened. Similarly, the configuration of the internal and external threads of some components of the subject toilet fastener assembly can be reversed to produce systems of comparable performance. For instance, the lower bolt may be solid with external threads, and may selectively interface with a hollow upper bolt with internal threads or an extension adapter with a hollow, internally-threaded lower end. Alternatively, the upper and lower bolts may be solid with external threads and the extension adapter may be hollow with internal threads on both the upper and lower ends. Several such permutations can be easily conceived without undue experimentation and are believed to be within the scope of the invention. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0017]    The apparatus of the invention is further described and explained in relation to the following drawings wherein: 
           [0018]      FIG. 1  is a cross-sectional front elevation view of one embodiment of the toilet fastener assembly of the invention as installed; 
           [0019]      FIG. 2  is a cross-sectional front elevation view of another embodiment of the toilet fastener assembly of the invention as installed in a floor having greater thickness than in  FIG. 1 , demonstrating the height adjustability feature of the invention as expanded through use of an extension member; 
           [0020]      FIG. 3  is an exploded perspective view of the toilet fastener assembly of  FIG. 2 ; 
           [0021]      FIG. 4  is a detail perspective view of the tee bolt and stabilizing collar of  FIG. 2  as installed in a closet collar during practice of a method of the invention; 
           [0022]      FIG. 5  is a detail cross-sectional front elevation view of the flange portion of the closet collar, tee bolt, and stabilizing collar as installed during practice of a method of the invention; 
           [0023]      FIG. 6  is a detail view as in  FIG. 5 , with an extension member threaded into the tee bolt; 
           [0024]      FIG. 7  is a detail cross-sectional front elevation view of the tee bolt, stabilizing collar, and an extension guide (or “bolt bullet”) installed to facilitate alignment of the tee bolt with an aperture in toilet base; 
           [0025]      FIGS. 8-9  are detailed perspective views showing the application of one embodiment of a tightening tool of the invention to a hex head of a tightening member; 
           [0026]      FIG. 10  is a detail perspective view of a cap in a position to be lowered into engagement with the tightening tool of  FIGS. 8-9 ; 
           [0027]      FIG. 11  is a detail perspective view as in  FIG. 10  after the cap is engaged over the tightening tool; 
           [0028]      FIG. 12  is an enlarged perspective view of the components of another embodiment of the toilet fastener assembly of the invention made of plastic and having a differently configured tee bolt, stabilizing collar and cap; 
           [0029]      FIG. 13  is an exploded cross-sectional elevation view of another embodiment of the invention having a differently configured tee bolt; and 
           [0030]      FIG. 14  is an exploded elevation view of another embodiment of the invention made from plastic and having a cap that is unitarily formed with the tightening member. 
       
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
       [0031]    Referring to  FIG. 1 , a toilet fastener assembly  20  is shown as installed in a use environment in which toilet base  22  is seated over a support structure comprising a flange portion of closet collar  24  that is installed in and around an opening in subfloor  26 . A fluid seal, such as a wax ring or another similarly effective fluid seal, is typically installed between the downwardly facing fluid outlet horn  25  of toilet base  22  and closet collar  24  but is not part of the subject fastener assembly and is not shown in this illustration to simplify the drawing. Closet collar  24  is depicted as installed over an upwardly facing open end of drain pipe  28 , although it will be appreciated by those of skill in the art that in other installations where the subject fastener assembly is used, the structure and positional relationship of closet collar  24  and drain pipe  30  can vary from that shown in  FIG. 1 . Line segments  30 ,  32  are provided as indicators that the portions of the installation as shown are broken away from the complete toilet installation. In a conventional toilet installation, one toilet fastener assembly  20  is disposed on each side of toilet base  22 . 
         [0032]    Toilet fastener assembly  20  further comprises a floor bolt such as tee bolt  40 , which is desirably used in combination with a closet collar  24  having an arcuately extending channel  36  on its underside into which tee bolt  40  is insertable from above, as is further described below in relation to  FIG. 4 . Tee bolt  40  projects upwardly from closet collar  24  and is optionally but desirably stabilized in the position shown by a member such as stabilizing collar  42  or by another similarly effective element configured to perform the same or similar functions as those discussed in this disclosure. An aligned and cooperatively configured tightening member shown here in the form of hex-head bolt  44  is inserted downwardly through an aperture such as bolt hole  34  in toilet base  22 . In the embodiment shown in  FIG. 1 , tee bolt  40  comprises external threads engageable with cooperatively configured internal threads of stabilizing collar  42 , and an internally threaded longitudinal bore that is cooperatively engageable with external threads of hex-head bolt  44 . Washer  47  is optionally disposed around hex-head bolt  44  to reduce friction and facilitate tightening of fastener assembly  20  relative to the upwardly facing surface of toilet base  22 . Washer  47  can also aid in preventing debris from falling into the annulus between the shaft portion of hex-head bolt  44  and the side wall of bolt hole  34  in toilet base  22 . Although tee bolt  40 , stabilizing collar  42  and hex-head bolt  44 , when configured as depicted in  FIG. 1 , are an embodiment useful in practicing the apparatus and method of the invention, it should be appreciated that other thread configurations or other similarly effective engagement elements can be used as the floor bolt, stabilizing collar and tightening member of the invention if they are adjustable within a predetermined range of overall lengths that is believed to accommodate toilet installation in a variety of subfloor structures typically encountered by a user. 
         [0033]    Still referring to  FIG. 1 , tightening tool  48  is desirably releasably engageable with the head portion of hex-head bolt  44  and provides leverage that enables a user to apply sufficient torque to the hex head of bolt  44  to satisfactorily tighten fastener assembly  20  to secure toilet base  22  to closet collar  24  and subfloor  26 . A low-profile, decorative cap  46  is desirably provided for optional use in place of an OEM toilet bolt cover. As used here, “low-profile” desirably refers to a toilet bolt cover having a diameter that is greater than its height. According to one embodiment of the invention, decorative cap  46  is engageable with tightening tool  48 . The underside of decorative cap  46  is desirably provided with structural elements configured to cooperate with structural elements of tightening tool  48  to facilitate snap-fit or bayonet type engagement. In one preferred embodiment of the invention, tightening tool  48  is provided with structural elements as are further described below in relation to  FIG. 3  to facilitate engagement cooperating structural elements on the underside of low-profile decorative cap  46 . 
         [0034]    Referring to  FIG. 2 , fastener assembly  50  of the invention is similarly disclosed in relation to toilet base  22  and subfloor  26 . In this view, a different floor configuration is depicted, comprising additional layers  27  that increase the height of toilet base  22  when installed over subfloor  26  and illustrate the possible need for a greater range of height adjustability than may be achieved using fastener assembly  20  of  FIG. 1 . In addition to the elements described above, fastener assembly  50  further comprises extension member  52  having an internally threaded upper section  54  and an externally threaded lower section  56 . In this embodiment of the invention, upper section  54  is coaxially aligned with and configured to be cooperatively engageable with the downwardly extending shaft portion of hex-head bolt  44 , and lower section  56  is coaxially aligned with and configured to be cooperatively engageable with the internal bore of tee bolt  40 . 
         [0035]    Referring to  FIGS. 3-6 , elements of toilet fastener assembly  50  are depicted in exploded and detail views to facilitate further description of the structure and use of tee bolt  40 , stabilizing collar  42 , extension member  52 , washer  47 , tightening tool  49 , hex-head bolt  44  and low-profile decorative cap  46  in practicing an embodiment of the method of the invention. Tee bolt  40  desirably comprises an upwardly facing shaft portion  58  and an elongated base portion  60 . As shown, shaft portion  58  is provided with internal and external threads. Stabilizing collar  42  comprises an internally threaded cylindrical section and a larger diameter base  62  that increases the surface area in contact with the upper surface of closet collar  24 . Referring more particularly to  FIGS. 4 and 5 , base  62  of tee bolt  40  is installed in closet collar  24  by positioning base  62  over receiving section  38  of arcuate channel  36  and then sliding tee bolt  40  along channel  36  to a position more closely adjacent to the end of channel  36  that is opposite receiving section  38 . Stabilizing collar  42  is then threaded downwardly onto the top of tee bolt  40  until the underside of base  62  engages and is hand-tightened against the top surface of closet collar  24 . Stabilizing collar  42  is not required for all floor bolt configurations but is desirably provided as part of toilet fastener assembly  50  and restricts movement of tee bolt  40  relative to closet collar  24  and facilitates the alignment of tee bolt  40  and extension member  52  with bolt hole  34  ( FIG. 2 ) when the toilet base is lowered into place during installation. 
         [0036]    Referring to  FIG. 6 , extension member  52  is optionally provided and is depicted with lower section  56  threaded into engagement with the internally threaded bore of shaft portion  58  of tee bolt  40 . It should be appreciated upon reading this disclosure that the lengths of cooperatively engageable shaft portion  58  and lower section  56  of extension member  52  will affect the overall length of assembled toilet fastener assembly  50  and the range of vertical distances between closet collar  24  and toilet base  22  ( FIG. 2 ) with which toilet fastener assembly  50  can be effectively used. Where extension member  52  is not provided or used in the toilet installation method of the invention, as in toilet fastener assembly  20  in  FIG. 1 , the overall range of length or height adjustability is reduced in comparison to the embodiment of toilet fastener assembly  50 . 
         [0037]    Referring to  FIG. 7 , bolt guide  64  is optionally provided for use with or without an embodiment where extension member  52  is present to facilitate alignment of tee bolt  40  with bolt hole  34  when lowering toilet base  22  in relation to closet collar  24  and subfloor  26  as indicated by arrows  66 ,  68 . Bolt guide  64 , also referred to herein as a bolt bullet, can be threaded or otherwise configured to be frictionally and releasably engageable with tee bolt  40 , and can be made of metal or a suitable polymeric material as desired. Once toilet base  22  is positioned over closet collar  24  as in  FIG. 1 , bolt guide  64  can be removed to facilitate engagement of hex-head bolt  44  with tee bolt  40 . 
         [0038]    Referring to FIGS.  3  and  8 - 11 , hex-head bolt  44  or another similarly effective tightening member is inserted downwardly through an optional washer  47  and an aligned aperture in toilet base  22 , and is threaded into upper section  54  of extension member  52  where provided, or into the internal bore of tee bolt  40  where an extension member  52  is not present. Tightening tool  48  is desirably configured to releasably engage the hex-head of hex-head bolt  44  or another similarly effective tightening member. Referring to  FIGS. 3 and 8 , a satisfactory tightening tool  48  for use in the invention comprises a U-shaped opening  70 , front and rear edges  72 , and undercuts  74 . Referring to  FIG. 8 , tightening tool  48  is desirably slidable into releasable engagement around and under the head portion of hex-bolt  44  as indicated by arrows  76 ,  78 . When positioned as shown in  FIG. 9 , tightening tool  48  can be rotated in a clockwise direction relative to toilet base  22  to apply torque to the head of hex-head bolt  44  to tighten hex-head bolt  44  in relation to tee bolt  40  or, if used, an extension member  52 . The additional leverage provided by tightening tool  48  desirably avoids the need for use of a wrench or other tool to tighten the fastener assembly sufficiently to secure a toilet base  22  to an underlying support structure such as a closet collar  24  and subfloor  26  as previously described. 
         [0039]    Referring to  FIGS. 1-3  and  10 - 11 , a low-profile decorative cap  46  is desirably provided that is releasably engageable with tightening tool  48  over optionally provided washer  47  to cover, conceal and protect the tightening member and tightening tool in an aesthetically pleasing relationship that facilitates cleaning during ongoing use. 
         [0040]    Referring to  FIG. 12 , another embodiment of the invention is disclosed in which the parts are all made of known durable polymeric materials having physical properties and compositional components that are generally available and known to be suitable for use in the same or similar applications. As shown, toilet fastener assembly  80  comprises tee bolt  110  having a base  116  and a shaft portion having a threaded internal bore  114  and a ribbed outer surface  118  that is engageable with a cooperating structural element disposed inside the otherwise smooth inner surface of stabilizing collar  100 . 
         [0041]    Stabilizing collar  100  desirably further comprises a cylindrical sleeve section  102  with a larger diameter annular base  108 . Cylindrical sleeve section  102  further comprises substantially smooth inner and outer surfaces  104 ,  105 . Annular base  108  preferably comprises an inwardly facing projection  106  that provides frictional engagement with ribbed outer surface section  118  of tee bolt  110 . An optional extension member  95  is provided comprising upper section  96  and an externally threaded lower section that is engageable with the threads inside bore  114  of tee bolt  40 . Externally threaded tightening member  92  is shown inserted through an optional washer  87  and positioned to be threaded into upper section  96  of extension member  95 , although it will be appreciated that tightening member  92  can also be cooperatively engaged with internal bore  114  of tee bolt  110  where extension member  95  is not present. Tightening tool  86  is shown as engaged with the upper portion (not visible) of tightening member  92 , and low-profile toilet bolt cap  82  is disposed over the head of tightening member  92  and over tightening tool  86 . Where cap  82  is configured to be twisted into releasable frictional engagement with tightening tool  86 , opposed recesses  84  can be provided to facilitate gripping by the user. Tightening tool  86  desirably comprises edge sections  88  having undercuts  85  to facilitate either snap-fit or bayonet style engagement with cooperating structures (not shown) on the underside of cap  82 . 
         [0042]    Referring to  FIG. 13 , another toilet fastener assembly  90  is shown that comprises tee bolt  120  having a tubular portion with a smooth outer surface  122 , a partially threaded internal bore  124  and a base  126 . A stabilizing collar  100 , extension member  95 , tightening member  92 , and tightening tool  86  as previously described in relation to  FIG. 12  can be used with this embodiment of tee bolt  120  if desired. Toilet bolt cap  82  is shown in cross-section to depict inwardly facing projections disposed around the inside of the downwardly facing opening of cap  82  to engage edge  88  and undercut  85  portions of tightening tool  86 . 
         [0043]    Referring to  FIG. 14 , another toilet fastener assembly  130  is disclosed that desirably comprises tee bolt  160  having base  164  and upwardly projecting shaft portion  162  that is internally and externally threaded. Stabilizing collar  150  comprising a smooth outside surface and a threaded internal bore  152  is optionally provided for engagement with tee bolt  160 . An optional extension member  140  comprising upper and lower sections  142 ,  144  as previously described in relation to other embodiments of the invention, and a combination cap and tightening member  132  with a downwardly projecting, externally threaded shaft  134  insertable through opening  138  in optional washer  136  and into engagement with the internal bore of extension member  140  or tee bolt  120  is also desirably provided. The embodiments of  FIGS. 12-14  are particularly preferred for use in a toilet fastener assembly in which all or a portion of the parts are made of a suitable polymeric material, but can also be utilized when constructed in metal or other similarly effective materials. 
         [0044]    Other alterations and modifications of the invention will likewise become apparent to those of skill I the art upon reading this disclosure in relation to the accompanying drawings, and it is intended that the scope of the invention be limited only by the broadest interpretation of the appended claims to which the inventors are legally entitled.