Abstract:
A baler utilizing gas springs for controlling the movement of a loading door. Also disclosed is a baler for paper recycling having a control system responsive to switches and digital timers, and an electromagnetic interlock coupling a loading door and a chamber door, said control system including a programmable relay having outputs to motor starter, control valves, and electromagnetic interlock. A mode selection switch enables automatic, manual down, and manual up modes, the latter of which is used to eject a bale. The electromagnetic interlock performs multiple functions reducing the number of components needed in the system, improving reliability and reducing maintenance.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
   This application claims priority to and is a continuation-in-part application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/315,338, filed Dec. 9, 2002 now U.S. Pat. No. 6,742,448. 

   STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT 
   Not Applicable. 
   REFERENCE TO A MICROFICHE APPENDIX 
   Not Applicable. 
   BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
   The present invention relates to compaction apparatus, particularly waste paper balers and to control apparatus therefore responsive to timers and to chamber door, loading door, and/or platen position sensors for detecting possible unsafe operation of the baler and for disabling or otherwise preventing hazardous operation modes. The particular invention is directed to the use of gas springs in association with the movement of the doors on the baler. 
   SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
   The present invention relates to compaction equipment for commercial and industrial trash compaction and waste paper baler equipment utilized in paper recycling, which are important and widely used tools in the field of waste management. It is very desirable that this equipment be both efficient and reliable. As with all powerful mechanical equipment, safety hazards should be eliminated to the maximum extent possible, recognizing that there is a tendency for human operators to be less careful than they should be. 
   Although the invention with which this application is concerned is particularly useful in waste paper balers, this background discussion also concerns itself with trash compactors, since they are both widely used and common forms of equipment. The detailed description below will fully describe balers incorporating the invention. The commercial or industrial waste compactor or baler which will be referred to herein as a “compactor” is found in many situations where there are large volumes of waste to be disposed of in landfills or baled for recycling. Thus, compactors including waste compactors and balers are found in shopping centers, industrial complexes, associated with large discount stores or department stores, and in some residential complexes. 
   The operation and control of balers according to the invention includes features for controlling the starting, stopping, and reversing of the ram used for driving the platen and compressing the waste paper (usually corrugated paper board from packages and cartons). Features such as interlocks and fault detection functions are included which are important to promote and ensure safety at the point of operation of such powerful mechanical equipment. Also of particular note is the use of gas springs to control the movement of the operator activated doors. 
   Although operational control of compaction apparatus in years past was usually implemented by simple switches and relays, there has been a tendency in recent years to employ computer microprocessors and somewhat sophisticated computer programs and algorithms stored in computer memory in, or associated with, the microprocessor. 
   U.S. Pat. No. 4,953,109 to Burgis, U.S. Pat. No. 5,016,197 to Neumann, et al., and U.S. Pat. No. 5,558,013 to Blackstone, Jr. are examples of trash compaction systems utilizing rather complex computer programs to implement the desired control system (including fullness determination in compaction apparatus). These may be compared with U.S. Pat. No. 3,802,335 to Longo, U.S. Pat. No. 4,643,087 to Fenner, et al., and U.S. Pat. No. 6,055,902 to Harrop, et al., which do not employ computer microprocessors but execute simple logic with electrical relays. 
   Compactors including waste compactors and balers are typically exposed to harsh environments including wide ranges of temperatures and potential exposure to power surges. In addition, it is very important that the compaction equipment operate reliably and operate in a safe manner and not be subject to malfunction because of failure or error conditions in its electrical controls. For that reason, there are many users and others who consider that a relatively simply relay based control system has advantages with regard to reliability, durability, and safety over microprocessor controlled by complex software. 
   Compactors of the present invention have advantages of simple electromechanical related based control systems as shown in U.S. Pat. No. 6,055,902, disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference, and at the same time provide an advantage of simple maintainability and low component cost that previous electromechanical related based control systems do not provide. 
   Included in the operating and control system are combination magnetic locks and position sensors which operate effectively for locking, releasing, and sensing the position of the loading door and the bale chamber door while reducing the total number of sensors and/or interlocks needed in the system. 
   The present invention departs from the teaching of prior art waste baler paper systems by providing apparatus which is simple, durable, reliable, and capable of being programmed with special features and which provides safe and uncomplicated operation for operating personnel. An important feature of the present invention is the employment of programmable electronic relay networks in a manner to achieve the simplicity and reliability of electrical relay based control systems while achieving the flexibility, programmability, and reduced component costs associated with electromechanical relay or solid state relay control networks. 
   In addition to providing the features and advantages referred to above, it is an object of the present invention to provide compaction apparatus such as waste paper balers which have the advantages of simple relay-implemented control systems including a safety interlock feature for the bale chamber door, and the loading door while obtaining the advantages of programming flexibility, increased reliability, and reduced component costs. 
   It is another object of the present invention to utilize combination electromagnetic lock and sensor units for providing control signals to the programmable relay network and receiving control signals from the programmable relay network, thereby reducing the mechanical and electrical elements associated with the control system. 
   It is yet another object of the present invention to provide waste paper balers with controls utilizing programmable relay networks for timing functions which would otherwise require separate timing elements with less adjustability, greater cost, and greater assembly expense. 
   It is a further object of the present invention to provide a programmable relay control system for waste paper balers which maximizes simplicity of operation while assuring that electromagnetic interlocks and other safety features prevent improper or unintended operation which could cause property damage or personal injury. 
   Yet a further object of the present invention is the provision for a damped movement for the operator controlled doors of the baler to provide smoother operation of the doors for improved safety, simplification of operation, and reliability. 
   In addition to the features and advantages of the baler apparatus according to the invention described above, further advantages thereof will be apparent from the following description in conjunction with the appended drawings. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS 
       FIG. 1  is an isometric view of a baler according to the present invention; 
       FIG. 2  is an isometric view of the apparatus of  FIG. 1  broken away to show functional elements thereof; 
       FIG. 3  is an enlarged view of the control panel from  FIG. 1 ; 
       FIGS. 4A through 4E  is a diagram of one embodiment of programmable relay configuration for controlling the baler of  FIGS. 1 and 2 ; 
       FIG. 5  is a schematic circuit diagram showing connections of the programmable relay and other electrical components of the baler of  FIGS. 1 ,  2 , and  3 ; 
       FIG. 6  is an isometric view of a baler according to the present invention defining the detail A; 
       FIG. 7  is a magnified view of the Detail A area shown in  FIG. 6 ; 
       FIG. 8  is an alternative schematic circuit diagram showing connections of the programmable relay and other electrical components of the baler of  FIGS. 1 ,  2 , and  3 ; and 
       FIGS. 9A through 9E  is a diagram of another embodiment of programmable relay configuration for controlling the baler of  FIGS. 1 and 2 . 
   

   DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
   Referring to  FIGS. 1 ,  2 , and  3 , a baler  11  according to the invention is shown having a bale chamber  13  to receive waste which is to be compacted. Hydraulic ram  19  of conventional construction serves to raise and lower a platen  21  to provide the compressing force on the waste material for compaction. A loading door  31  slides in vertical tracks to provide a closeable opening for loading waste into the chamber  13 . In  FIG. 1 , door  31  is broken away to show the structure behind it but door  31  is shown in its entirety in  FIG. 2 . 
   As shown in  FIGS. 6 and 7 , in one preferred embodiment, the loading door  31  is not provided with a conventional counterweight and cable mechanism, but is rather provided with gas springs  81  of conventional form mounted on each side of the loading door  31 . Gas spring  81  is a readily available component, used extensively in the automotive industry for hoods and rear cargo doors on vans and sport utility vehicles. 
   The detail of the gas spring  81  mounting may be seen in  FIGS. 6 and 7 . The loading door  31  is mounted on vertical slides  116  consisting of guide bearings  120  attached to the door  31  that slide on vertical guide rods  118  mounted to the frame  104 . The gas spring  81  includes an extending rod  100  and an outer rod casing  102 . The first casing end  104  is connected to the door by door bracket  108  and the second casing end  106  of the outer rod casing  102  is retained to the frame  104  by means of frame retention bracket  110 . 
   The extending rod  100  includes a first rod end  112  and a second rod end  114 . The first rod end  112  travels inside the outer rod casing  102  as is known in convention gas springs  81 . The second rod end  114  of the gas spring  81  is connected to the frame  104  by frame bracket  115 . The gas spring  81  is provided with a vertically protected area by its positioning on the outside of the door slides  116  so that items inserted into the compactor will not directly impact the springs  81 . 
   Each gas spring  81  is chosen for characteristics appropriate to overcome the weight of the door  31  to raise the door  31  to the upward position at any time when the door  31  is not engaged by interlock  78 . One of the main advantages of the gas spring  81  is the ability to control the end travel movement of the loading door  31  and to eliminate the harsh impact that an undamped system provides due to the inertia of the moving door  31 . The preferred gas springs  81  are partially damped gas springs  81  configured with the loading door  31  of particular size and weight so that when the door  31  is released from the electromagnetic interlock  78 , the door  31  will raise at moderate speed smoothly and softly upward to its fully opened position. These damping features are preferably active over at least a portion of the travel of the gas spring  81 . Only moderate damping is needed in the spring  81  for one to five inches of travel prior to the extended position. The damping features should be active over at least one inch of the travel preceding full compression. Preferably, the extent of damping of travel is less than five inches. 
   Smooth, quiet operation and easy manual pull down is attained by the relation of gas spring  81  characteristics. The door  31  had an associated weight and the corresponding lifting forces of each gas spring  81  can range from a minimum to a maximum. For example, with a typical loading door  31  weighing 55 pounds, each spring  81  force is preferably about 45 pounds each at compression to provide a force of 164 percent of the weight of the door  31  (45×2/55). Springs with a 45 pound maximum force will have a minimum force of approximately 40 pounds each. Thus, these springs provide a minimum gas spring force as a percentage of door weight of about 145 percent (40×2/55). Thus, the gas springs  81  may be chosen using these types of characteristics. In this manner, a pair of gas springs  81  is configured with the loading door  31  to apply an upward force sufficient to raise the loading door  31  to its uppermost position. 
   While the gas spring  81  arrangement for the loading door  31  is a very desirable feature, the system would be fully operative with some other damped or undamped counterweight or spring arrangement as known in the art. 
   Unloading opening  33  at the front of the baler  11  is closed by a chamber door  35  having a lock  36 . It is opened when it is desired to access a bale for tying and/or for ejecting it. A dump tray  41  in the bottom of the baler chamber is pivoted at its front edge and allowed to rotate up and forwardly to cause ejection of a finished bale. In the center of back  17  of the baler  11  is a vertically extending dump link bar  43  permanently engaged to the platen  21  to move therewith and selectively engageable with the dump tray  41 . In  FIG. 2  the baler  11  is shown with the dump tray  41  broken away to show a dump control link  49  extending fore and aft at the bottom of the dump tray  41 . Control link  49  causes the dump tray  41  to be engaged by the dump link bar  43  (but only when dump link bar  43  is allowed to assume a forward with door  35  not closed). Spring  55  on control link  49  serves to urge it forward except when door  35  is closed. 
   From the foregoing description, it will be seen that the dump tray  41  is inactive so long as door  35  is closed, but may be raised by the hydraulic ram to eject a bale due to being coupled to platen  21  when door  35  is open. Other known embodiments of bale ejection apparatus or as shown in prior patents could be employed with the control apparatus rather than using the preferred embodiment shown and described above. 
   An enlarged view of the preferred control panel arrangement for the apparatus is shown in  FIG. 3 . A mode selector switch for selecting manual up, manual down, and auto modes of operation is shown at  71 . The function of this switch will be described more fully hereinafter. An off/on/start key switch  73  is positioned below the mode selector switch  71 . A key switch is provided to give control over authorization to operate the baler. Other access control devices such as biometric controls and magnetic card readers could also be used for operator access control for the baler. Electrical operation of switch  73  is more fully explained below. 
   Below the key switch  73  is a stop/pull to raise button  75 . In addition to serving as an emergency stop switch the stop/pull to raise button  75  serves as the control for manually raising the platen to eject a finished bale. It must be manually pulled out and held by an operator for that operation. This is a safety feature that will be further explained in connection with the control system for the baler. A power on light  89  in this preferred embodiment is associated with the mode selector switch  71  but this is an optional feature and a different form of power on light could be provided if desired. An alternative embodiment places a stop/pull to raise buttom  75  to the right of key switch  73 . 
   Key switch  73 , among other things, controls the motor  90  with motor starter  92  which provides power for hydraulic ram  19 . The hydraulic system and valves therefore are conventional and their function will be understood by those skilled in the art so that the details thereof are not shown. In the interest of clarity, details of well known elements of balers and other compaction equipment are not shown and described. 
   The programmable controller for the baler  11  preferably takes the form of a programmable relay  61  (shown in  FIG. 5 ) utilizing relay ladder logic as shown in  FIGS. 4A through 4E . For an explanation of relay ladder logic processors refer to U.S. Pat. No. 5,777,869, issued Jul. 7, 1998 to Welch and U.S. Pat. No. 6,018,797, issued Jan. 25, 2000 to Schmidt, et al., incorporated herein by reference, and to the references cited in those patents. A very brief explanation of ladder logic processors will be helpful in describing  FIGS. 4A through 4E . As seen in  FIGS. 4A through 4E , ladder logic programming, as expected, looks like a ladder. It probably has more similarities to a flow chart than the usual multi-line computer program. There are two vertical lines coming down the program chart, one on the left and one on the right. “Rungs” between the lines have conditionals on the left that lead to outputs on the right as will be apparent in  FIGS. 4A through 4E . The most used elements in ladder logic are the relay conditionals —| |— and —|/|— and the output coils —( )—. The relay conditional with a space means “closed only if energized” while the relay conditional with the slash means “closed if not energized.” The output coil generally means “if its relay is closed energize this output element.” 
   The delay timing notations and other notations in the ladder logic chart of  FIG. 4A  through E are self-explanatory. Ladder rung numbers appear at the left margin. 
   The operation of the baler control system will be explained first for the “AUTO” mode. The conditions for the initial set-up are: 
   Mode selector switch  71  is in the center position for “AUTO” mode; 
   Key switch  73  is in the center position for “POWER ON”; 
   Stop button  75  is in the center position for normal operation; 
   Baler chamber door  35  is closed and latched; 
   Platen  21  is fully retracted; 
   Loading door  31  is open; 
   Electromagnetic interlock  78  is energized. 
   The software under which the ladder logic program runs operates in a scanning mode with a scan cycle on the order of ten milliseconds. The program status of the ladder logic program at set-up is as follows. 
   Set-up PROGRAM: 
   
       
       
         
           Rung 1, I4 closed, I5 closed, M1 energized 
           Rung 2, I4 open, I5 closed, M2 not energized 
           Rung 3, I4 closed, I5 open, M3 not energized 
           Rung 4, M3 closed, I8 open, I1 closed, M4 not energized 
           Rung 5, M3 open, I8 closed 
           Rung 6, M4 open, M10 closed, T3 closed, M5 not energized 
           Rung 7, M5 open, I2 open, T4 closed, M6 not energized 
           Rung 8, M7 open 
           Rung 9, M6 open, I7 open 
           Rung 10, M3 open 
           Rung 11, I3 open, I8 open, I7 open, M7 not energized 
           Rung 12, M7 open, I7 open 
           Rung 13, M6 open, M11 closed, Q1 not energized 
           Rung 14, Q1 open, M3 closed, Q4 closed, Q3 not energized 
           Rung 15, Q3 open, T1 not energized 
           Rung 16, T1 open, M9 (S) not energized 
           Rung 17, I3 open 
           Rung 18, M10 open, M9 (R) energized 
           Rung 19, Q1 closed 
           Rung 20, Q1 open, M1 closed, M9 open, Q4 not energized 
           Rung 21, Q4 open 
           Rung 22, M3 closed, M7 open 
           Rung 23, M3 open, I3 open 
           Rung 24, Q4 open, T2 not energized 
           Rung 25, M3 open, Q1 open 
           Rung 26, T2 open, M10 not energized 
           Rung 27, I7 closed, Q4 open, M3 closed 
           Rung 28, I1 open, M11 closed, T4 closed 
           Rung 29, Q1 open, T3 not energized 
           Rung 30, M10 open, I8 open, M12 closed, M11 not energized 
           Rung 31, M2 open, T1 open 
           Rung 32, M11 open, T4 closed, M12 closed 
           Rung 33, I8 open, M3 open, I3 open 
           Rung 34, M11 closed, Q2 energized 
           Rung 35, M11 open, T4 not energized 
           Rung 36, I8 open, T4 open, I1 closed 
           Rung 37, I7 open 
           Rung 38, T4 open, I1 open, M12 not energized 
           Rung 39, M12 open 
         
       
     
  
   For transition to the initial operation mode, the loading door  31  is closed and when the striking plate  79  closes with the electromagnetic interlock  78  the loading door  31  locks. The status of the ladder logic program then becomes 
   AUTO READY OPERATION PROGRAM: 
   
       
       
         
           Rung 1, I4 closed, I5 closed, M1 energized 
           Rung 2, I4 open, I5 closed, M2 not energized 
           Rung 3, I4 closed, I5 open, M3 not energized 
           Rung 4, M3 closed, I8 closed, I1 closed, M4 energized 
           Rung 5, M3 open, I8 open 
           Rung 6, M4 closed, M10 closed, T3 closed, M5 energized 
           Rung 7, M5 closed, I2 open, T4 closed, M6 not energized 
           Rung 8, M7 open 
           Rung 9, M6 open, I7 open 
           Rung 10, M3 open 
           Rung 11, I3 open, I8 closed, I7 open, M7 not energized 
           Rung 12, M7 open, I7 open 
           Rung 13, M6 open, M11 closed, Q1 not energized 
           Rung 14, Q1 open, M3 closed, Q4 closed, Q3 not energized 
           Rung 15, Q3 open, T1 not energized 
           Rung 16, T1 open, M9 (S) not energized 
           Rung 17, I3 open 
           Rung 18, M10 open, M9 (R) energized 
           Rung 19, Q1 closed 
           Rung 20, Q1 open, M1 closed, M9 open, Q4 not energized 
           Rung 21, Q4 open 
           Rung 22, M3 closed, M7 open 
           Rung 23, M3 open, I3 open 
           Rung 24, Q4 open, T2 not energized 
           Rung 25, M3 open, Q1 open 
           Rung 26, T2 open, M10 not energized 
           Rung 27, I7 closed, Q4 open, M3 closed 
           Rung 28, I1 open, M11 closed, T4 closed 
           Rung 29, Q1 open, T3 not energized 
           Rung 30, M10 open, I8 closed, M12 closed, M11 not energized 
           Rung 31, M2 open, T1 open 
           Rung 32, M11 open, T4 closed, M12 closed 
           Rung 33, I8 closed, M3 open, I3 open 
           Rung 34, M11 closed, Q2 energized 
           Rung 35, M11 open, T4 not energized 
           Rung 36, I8 closed, T4 open, I1 closed 
           Rung 37, I7 open 
           Rung 38, T4 open, I1 open, M12 not energized 
           Rung 39, M12 open 
         
       
     
  
   For start operation, the key switch is turned to the right to the “START” position causing the motor powering the hydraulic ram  19  to start and the platen  21  to begin its descent. The ladder logic program status then becomes 
   AUTO START OPERATION PROGRAM: 
   
       
       
         
           Rung 1, I4 closed, I5 closed, M1 energized 
           Rung 2, I4 open, I5 closed, M2 not energized 
           Rung 3, I4 closed, I5 open, M3 not energized 
           Rung 4, M3 closed, I8 closed, I1 closed, M4 energized 
           Rung 5, M3 open, I8 open 
           Rung 6, M4 closed, M10 closed, T3 closed, M5 energized 
           Rung 7, M5 closed, I2 closed, T4 closed, M6 energized 
           Rung 8, M7 open 
           Rung 9, M6 closed, I7 open 
           Rung 10, M3 open 
           Rung 11, I3 open, I8 closed, I7 open, M7 not energized 
           Rung 12, M7 open, I7 open 
           Rung 13, M6 closed, M11 closed, Q1 energized 
           Rung 14, Q1 closed, M3 closed, Q4 closed, Q3 energized 
           Rung 15, Q3 closed, T1 energized (timing) 
           Rung 16, T1 open, M9 (S) not energized 
           Rung 17, I3 open 
           Rung 18, M10 open, M9 (R) not energized 
           Rung 19, Q1 open 
           Rung 20, Q1 closed, M1 closed, M9 open, Q4 not energized 
           Rung 21, Q4 open 
           Rung 22, M3 closed, M7 open 
           Rung 23, M3 open, I3 open 
           Rung 24, Q4 open, T2 not energized 
           Rung 25, M3 open, Q1 closed 
           Rung 26, T2 open, M10 not energized 
           Rung 27, I7 open, Q4 open, M3 closed 
           Rung 28, I1 open, M  11  closed, T4 closed 
           Rung 29, Q1 closed, T3 energized (timing) 
           Rung 30, M10 open, I8 closed, M12 closed, M11 not energized 
           Rung 31, M2 open, T1 open 
           Rung 32, M11 open, T4 closed, M12 closed 
           Rung 33, I8 closed, M3 open, I3 open 
           Rung 34, M11 closed, Q2 energized 
           Rung 35, M11 open, T4 not energized 
           Rung 36, I8 closed, T4 open, I1 closed 
           Rung 37, I7 open 
           Rung 38, T4 open, I1 open, M12 not energized 
           Rung 39, M12 open 
         
       
     
  
   In the descending operation the safety interlock switch  78  will close as the platen  21  descends about three inches and the key switch  73  should by then be released to return to the center or “POWER ON” position. The status in descent operation is: 
   DESCENT OPERATION PROGRAM: 
   
       
       
         
           Rung 1, I4 closed, I5 closed, M1 energized 
           Rung 2, I4 open, I5 closed, M2 not energized 
           Rung 3, I4 closed, I5 open, M3 not energized 
           Rung 4, M3 closed, I8 closed, I1 closed, M4 energized 
           Rung 5, M3 open, I8 open 
           Rung 6, M4 closed, M10 closed, T3 closed, M5 energized 
           Rung 7, M5 closed, I2 open, T4 closed, M6 energized 
           Rung 8, M7 open 
           Rung 9, M6 closed, I7 closed 
           Rung 10, M3 open 
           Rung 11, I3 open, I8 closed, I7 closed, M7 not energized 
           Rung 12, M7 open, I7 closed 
           Rung 13, M6 closed, M11 closed, Q1 energized 
           Rung 14, Q1 closed, M3 closed, Q4 closed, Q3 energized 
           Rung 15, Q3 closed, T1 energized (timing) 
           Rung 16, T 1 open, M9 (S) not energized 
           Rung 17, I3 open 
           Rung 18, M10 open, M9 (R) not energized 
           Rung 19, Q1 open 
           Rung 20, Q1 closed, M1 closed, M9 open, Q4 not energized 
           Rung 21, Q4 open 
           Rung 22, M3 closed, M7 open 
           Rung 23, M3 open, I3 open 
           Rung 24, Q4 open, T2 not energized 
           Rung 25, M3 open, Q1 closed 
           Rung 26, T2 open, M10 not energized 
           Rung 27, I7 open, Q4 open, M3 closed 
           Rung 28, I1 open, M11 closed, T4 closed 
           Rung 29, Q1 closed, T3 energized (timing) 
           Rung 30, M10 open, I8 closed, M12 closed, M11 not energized 
           Rung 31, M2 open, T1 open 
           Rung 32, M11 open, T4 closed, M12 closed 
           Rung 33, I8 closed, M3 open, I3 open 
           Rung 34, M11 closed, Q2 energized 
           Rung 35, M11 open, T4 not energized 
           Rung 36, I8 closed, T4 open, I1 closed 
           Rung 37, I7 closed 
           Rung 38, T4 open, I1 open, M12 not energized 
           Rung 39, M12 open 
         
       
     
  
   The platen  21  will continue to be in the descend mode until the accumulated extend time is equal to the preset value of the extend timer, at which time the platen  21  will start retracting. Since this operation is a matter of timing only, the time during which the force of the platen is applied to compact the trash may vary somewhat. The ladder logic program status for retract operation is: 
   RETRACT OPERATION PROGRAM: 
   
       
       
         
           Rung 1, I4 closed, I5 closed, M1 energized 
           Rung 2, I4 open, I5 closed, M2 not energized 
           Rung 3, I4 closed, I5 open, M3 not energized 
           Rung 4, M3 closed, I8 closed, I1 closed, M4 energized 
           Rung 5, M3 open, I8 open 
           Rung 6, M4 closed, M10 closed, T3 closed, M5 energized 
           Rung 7, M5 closed, I2 open, T4 closed, M6 energized 
           Rung 8, M7 open 
           Rung 9, M6 closed, I7 closed 
           Rung 10, M3 open 
           Rung 11, I3 open, I8 closed, I7 closed, M7 not energized 
           Rung 12, M7 open, I7 closed 
           Rung 13, M6 closed, M11 closed, Q1 energized 
           Rung 14, Q1 closed, M3 closed, Q4 open, Q3 not energized 
           Rung 15, Q3 open, T1 (timed out) (not energized) 
           Rung 16, T1 closed, M9 (S) energized, T1 returns to open, M9 (S) not energized 
           Rung 17, I3 open 
           Rung 18, M10 open, M9 (R) not energized 
           Rung 19, Q1 open 
           Rung 20, Q1 closed, M1 closed, M9 closed, Q4 energized 
           Rung 21, Q4 closed 
           Rung 22, M3 closed, M7 open 
           Rung 23, M3 open, I3 open 
           Rung 24, Q4 closed, T2 energized (timing) 
           Rung 25, M3 open, Q1 closed 
           Rung 26, T2 open, M10 not energized 
           Rung 27, I7 open, Q4 closed, M3 closed 
           Rung 28, I1 open, M11 closed, T4 closed 
           Rung 29, Q1 closed, T3 energized (timing) 
           Rung 30, M10 open, I8 closed, M12 closed, M11 not energized 
           Rung 31, M2 open, T1 closed, T1 returns to open 
           Rung 32, M11 open, T4 closed, M12 closed 
           Rung 33, I8 closed, M3 open, I3 open 
           Rung 34, M11 closed, Q2 energized 
           Rung 35, M11 open, T4 not energized 
           Rung 36, I8 closed, T4 open, I1 closed 
           Rung 37, I7 closed 
           Rung 38, T4 open, I1 open, M12 not energized 
           Rung 39, M12 open 
         
       
     
  
   The platen  21  will retract until it moves to open the safety interlock  78  or when the accumulated retract time is equal to the preset value in the retract timer. In either case, the motor powering the ram  19  will stop and the electromagnetic interlock  78  will de-energize for three seconds to unlock the loading door  31  allowing it to open. The ladder logic program status is as follows: 
   RETRACT OPERATION PROGRAM: 
   
       
       
         
           Rung 1, I4 closed, I5 closed, M1 energized 
           Rung 2, I4 open, I5 closed, M2 not energized 
           Rung 3, I4 closed, I5 open, M3 not energized 
           Rung 4, M3 closed, I8 closed, I1 closed, M4 energized 
           Rung 5, M3 open, I8 open 
           Rung 6, M4 closed, M10 open, T3 closed, M5 not energized, M10 returns to closed, M5 energized 
           Rung 7, M5 open, I2 open, T4 closed, M6 not energized, M5 returns to closed 
           Rung 8, M7 open 
           Rung 9, M6 open, I7 open 
           Rung 10, M3 open 
           Rung 11, I3 open, I8 closed, I7 open, M7 not energized 
           Rung 12, M7 open, I7 open 
           Rung 13, M6 open, M11 open, Q1 not energized 
           Rung 14, Q1 open, M3 closed, Q4 closed, Q3 not energized 
           Rung 15, Q3 open, T1 not energized 
           Rung 16, T1 open, M9 (S) not energized 
           Rung 17, I3 open 
           Rung 18, M10 closed, M9 (R) energized, M10 returns to open 
           Rung 19, Q1 closed 
           Rung 20, Q1 open, M1 closed, M9 open, Q4 not energized 
           Rung 21, Q4 open 
           Rung 22, M3 closed, M7 open 
           Rung 23, M3 open, I3 open 
           Rung 24, Q4 open, T2 not energized (timed out) 
           Rung 25, M3 open, Q1 open 
           Rung 26, T2 closed, M10 energized, T2 returns to open, M10 not energized 
           Rung 27, I7 closed, Q4 open, M3 closed 
           Rung 28, I1 open, M11 open, T4 closed 
           Rung 29, Q1 open, T3 not energized 
           Rung 30, M10 closed, I8 closed, M12 closed, M11 energized, M10 returns to open 
           Rung 31, M2 open, T1 open 
           Rung 32, M11 closed, T4 closed, M12 closed 
           Rung 33, I8 closed, M3 open, I3 open 
           Rung 34, M11 open, Q2 not energized 
           Rung 35, M11 closed, T4 energized (timing) 
           Rung 36, I8 closed, T4 open, I1 closed 
           Rung 37, I7 open 
           Rung 38, T4 open, I1 open, M12 not energized 
           Rung 39, M12 open 
         
       
     
  
   After the loading door opening mechanism opens the loading door  31 , the electromagnetic interlock  78  will re-energize. The ladder logic program status will be: 
   END OPERATION MODE PROGRAM: 
   
       
       
         
           Rung 1, I4 closed, I5 closed, M1 energized 
           Rung 2, I4 open, I5 closed, M2 not energized 
           Rung 3, I4 closed, I5 open, M3 not energized 
           Rung 4, M3 closed, I8 open, I1 closed, M4 not energized 
           Rung 5, M3 open, I8 closed 
           Rung 6, M4 open, M10 closed, T3 closed, M5 not energized 
           Rung 7, M5 open, I2 open, T4 closed, M6 not energized 
           Rung 8, M7 open 
           Rung 9, M6 open, I7 open 
           Rung 10, M3 open 
           Rung 11, I3 open, I8 open, I7 open, M7 not energized 
           Rung 12, M7 open, I7 open 
           Rung 13, M6 open, M11 closed, Q1 not energized 
           Rung 14, Q1 open, M3 closed, Q4 closed, Q3 not energized 
           Rung 15, Q3 open, T1 not energized 
           Rung 16, T1 open, M9 (S) not energized 
           Rung 17, I3 open 
           Rung 18, M10 open, M9 (R) energized 
           Rung 19, Q1 closed 
           Rung 20, Q1 open, M1 closed, M9 open, Q4 not energized 
           Rung 21, Q4 open 
           Rung 22, M3 closed, M7 open 
           Rung 23, M3 open, I3 open 
           Rung 24, Q4 open, T2 not energized 
           Rung 25, M3 open, Q1 open 
           Rung 26, T2 open, M10 not energized 
           Rung 27, I7 closed, Q4 open, M3 closed 
           Rung 28, I1 open, M11 open, T4 closed, M11 returns to closed 
           Rung 29, Q1 open, T3 not energized 
           Rung 30, M10 open, I8 open, M12 closed, M11 not energized 
           Rung 31, M2 open, T1 open 
           Rung 32, M11 open, T4 open, M12 closed, T4 returns to closed 
           Rung 33, I8 open, M3 open, I3 open 
           Rung 34, M11 closed, Q2 energized 
           Rung 35, M11 open, T4 not energized (timed out) 
           Rung 36, I8 open, T4 closed, I1 closed, T4 returns to open 
           Rung 37, I7 open 
           Rung 38, T4 closed, I1 open, M12 not energized, T4 returns to open 
           Rung 39, M12 open 
         
       
     
  
   The “AUTO” operation described above is that which would be used in accumulating waste and compacting it in a series of operations to form a bale. 
   The “MANUAL DOWN” mode of operation described below is used when such is desired, particularly when sufficient waste has been accumulated and compacted to form a bale, so that it can be removed from the baler. The set-up conditions for the “MANUAL DOWN” mode of operation are as follows: 
   Mode selector switch  71  is in the 60 degree down position for “MANUAL DOWN” mode. 
   The key switch is in the center position for “POWER ON”. 
   The stop button  75  is in the center position for normal operation. 
   The baler chamber door  35  is closed and latched. 
   The platen  21  is fully retracted. 
   The loading door  31  is open. 
   The electromagnetic interlock  78  is energized. 
   The set-up status for the ladder logic program is 
   MANUAL DOWN SETUP PROGRAM: 
   
       
       
         
           Rung 1, I4 open, I5 closed, M1 not energized 
           Rung 2, I4 closed, I5 closed, M2 energized 
           Rung 3, I4 open, I5 open, M3 not energized 
           Rung 4, M3 closed, I8 open, I1 closed, M4 not energized 
           Rung 5, M3 open, I8 closed 
           Rung 6, M4 open, M10 closed, T3 closed, M5 not energized 
           Rung 7, M5 open, I2 open, T4 closed, M6 not energized 
           Rung 8, M7 open 
           Rung 9, M6 open, I7 open 
           Rung 10, M3 open 
           Rung 11, I3 open, I8 open, I7 open, M7 not energized 
           Rung 12, M7 open, I7 open 
           Rung 13, M6 open, M11 closed, Q1 not energized 
           Rung 14, Q1 open, M3 closed, Q4 closed, Q3 not energized 
           Rung 15, Q3 open, T1 not energized 
           Rung 16, T1 open, M9 (S) not energized 
           Rung 17, I3 open 
           Rung 18, M10 open, M9 (R) energized 
           Rung 19, Q1 closed 
           Rung 20, Q1 open, M1 open, M9 open, Q4 not energized 
           Rung 21, Q4 open 
           Rung 22, M3 closed, M7 open 
           Rung 23, M3 open, I3 open 
           Rung 24, Q4 open, T2 not energized 
           Rung 25, M3 open, Q1 open 
           Rung 26, T2 open, M10 not energized 
           Rung 27, I7 closed, Q4 open, M3 closed 
           Rung 28, I1 open, M11 closed, T4 closed 
           Rung 29, Q1 open, T3 not energized 
           Rung 30, M10 open, I8 open, M12 closed, M11 not energized 
           Rung 31, M2 closed, T1 open 
           Rung 32, M11 open, T4 closed, M12 closed 
           Rung 33, I8 open, M3 open, I3 open 
           Rung 34, M11 closed, Q2 energized 
           Rung 35, M11 open, T4 not energized 
           Rung 36, I8 open, T4 open, I1 closed 
           Rung 37, I7 open 
           Rung 38, T4 open, I1 open, M12 not energized 
           Rung 39, M12 open 
         
       
     
  
   Preliminary to starting the MANUAL DOWN operation, the loading door  31  is closed. When striking plate  79  closes with the electromagnetic interlock  78 , the loading door  31  locks. The ladder logic program status is 
   START MANUAL DOWN PROGRAM: 
   
       
       
         
           Rung 1, I4 open, I5 closed, M1 not energized 
           Rung 2, I4 closed, I5 closed, M2 energized 
           Rung 3, I4 open, I5 open, M3 not energized 
           Rung 4, M3 closed, I8 closed, I1 closed, M4 energized 
           Rung 5, M3 open, I8 open 
           Rung 6, M4 closed, M10 closed, T3 closed, M5 energized 
           Rung 7, M5 closed, I2 open, T4 closed, M6 not energized 
           Rung 8, M7 open 
           Rung 9, M6 open, I7 open 
           Rung 10, M3 open 
           Rung 11, I3 open, I8 open, I7 open, M7 not energized 
           Rung 12, M7 open, I7 open 
           Rung 13, M6 open, M11 closed, Q1 not energized 
           Rung 14, Q1 open, M3 closed, Q4 closed, Q3 not energized 
           Rung 15, Q3 open, T1 not energized 
           Rung 16, T1 open, M9 (S) not energized 
           Rung 17, I3 open 
           Rung 18, M10 open, M9 (R) energized 
           Rung 19, Q1 closed 
           Rung 20, Q1 open, M1 open, M9 open, Q4 not energized 
           Rung 21, Q4 open 
           Rung 22, M3 closed, M7 open 
           Rung 23, M3 open, I3 open 
           Rung 24, Q4 open, T2 not energized 
           Rung 25, M3 open, Q1 open 
           Rung 26, T2 open, M10 not energized 
           Rung 27, I7 closed, Q4 open, M3 closed 
           Rung 28, I1 open, M11 closed, T4 closed 
           Rung 29, Q1 open, T3 not energized 
           Rung 30, M10 open, I8 closed, M12 closed, M11 not energized 
           Rung 31, M2 closed, T1 open 
           Rung 32, M11 open, T4 closed, M12 closed 
           Rung 33, I8 closed, M3 open, I3 open 
           Rung 34, M11 closed, Q2 energized 
           Rung 35, M11 open, T4 not energized 
           Rung 36, I8 closed, T4 open, I1 closed 
           Rung 37, I7 open 
           Rung 38, T4 open, I1 open, M12 not energized 
           Rung 39, M12 open 
         
       
     
  
   For MANUAL DOWN START operation, the key switch  73  is turned to the right to the “START” position causing the motor powering the hydraulic ram  19  to start and the platen  21  to begin its descent. The ladder logic program status then becomes: 
   START MANUAL DOWN OPERATION PROGRAM: 
   
       
       
         
           Rung 1, I4 open, I5 closed, M1 not energized 
           Rung 2, I4 closed, I5 closed, M2 energized 
           Rung 3, I4 open, I5 open, M3 not energized 
           Rung 4, M3 closed, I8 closed, I1 closed, M4 energized 
           Rung 5, M3 open, I8 open 
           Rung 6, M4 closed, M10 closed, T3 closed, M5 energized 
           Rung 7, M5 closed, I2 closed, T4 closed, M6 energized 
           Rung 8, M7 open 
           Rung 9, M6 closed, I7 open 
           Rung 10, M3 open 
           Rung 11, I3 open, I8 closed, I7 open, M7 not energized 
           Rung 12, M7 open, I7 open 
           Rung 13, M6 closed, M11 closed, Q1 energized 
           Rung 14, Q1 closed, M3 closed, Q4 closed, Q3 energized 
           Rung 15, Q3 closed, T1 energized (timing) 
           Rung 16, T1 open, M9 (S) not energized 
           Rung 17, I3 open 
           Rung 18, M10 open, M9 (R) not energized 
           Rung 19, Q1 open 
           Rung 20, Q1 closed, M1 open, M9 open, Q4 not energized 
           Rung 21, Q4 open 
           Rung 22, M3 closed, M7 open 
           Rung 23, M3 open, I3 open 
           Rung 24, Q4 open, T2 not energized 
           Rung 25, M3 open, Q1 closed 
           Rung 26, T2 open, M10 not energized 
           Rung 27, I7 closed, Q4 open, M3 closed 
           Rung 28, I1 open, M11 closed, T4 closed 
           Rung 29, Q1 closed, T3 energized (timing) 
           Rung 30, M10 open, I8 closed, M12 closed, M11 not energized 
           Rung 31, M2 closed, T1 open 
           Rung 32, M11 open, T4 closed, M12 closed 
           Rung 33, I8 closed, M3 open, I3 open 
           Rung 34, M11 closed, Q2 energized 
           Rung 35, M11 open, T4 not energized 
           Rung 36, I8 closed, T4 open, I1 closed 
           Rung 37, I7 open 
           Rung 38, T4 open, I1 open, M12 not energized 
           Rung 39, M12 open 
         
       
     
  
   In the descending operation, the safety interlocks switch  78  will close as the platen  21  descends about three inches and the key switch  73  should by then be released to return to the center or “POWER ON” position. The status in descent operation is 
   DESCENT OPERATION PROGRAM: 
   
       
       
         
           Rung 1, I4 open, I5 closed, M1 not energized 
           Rung 2, I4 closed, I5 closed, M2 energized 
           Rung 3, I4 open, I5 open, M3 not energized 
           Rung 4, M3 closed, I8 closed, I1 closed, M4 energized 
           Rung 5, M3 open, I8 open 
           Rung 6, M4 closed, M10 closed, T3 closed, M5 energized 
           Rung 7, M5 closed, I2 open, T4 closed, M6 energized 
           Rung 8, M7 open 
           Rung 9, M6 closed, I7 closed 
           Rung 10, M3 open 
           Rung 11, I3 open, I8 closed, I7 closed, M7 not energized 
           Rung 12, M7 open, I7 closed 
           Rung 13, M6 closed, M11 closed, Q1 energized 
           Rung 14, Q1 closed, M3 closed, Q4 closed, Q3 energized 
           Rung 15, Q3 closed, T1 energized (timing) 
           Rung 16, T1 open, M9 (S) not energized 
           Rung 17, I3 open 
           Rung 18, M10 open, M9 (R) not energized 
           Rung 19, Q1 open 
           Rung 20, Q1 closed, M1 open, M9 open, Q4 not energized 
           Rung 21, Q4 open 
           Rung 22, M3 closed, M7 open 
           Rung 23, M3 open, I3 open 
           Rung 24, Q4 open, T2 not energized 
           Rung 25, M3 open, Q1 closed 
           Rung 26, T2 open, M10 not energized 
           Rung 27, I7 open, Q4 open, M3 closed 
           Rung 28, I1 open, M11 closed, T4 closed 
           Rung 29, Q1 closed, T3 energized (timing) 
           Rung 30, M10 open, I8 closed, M12 closed, M11 not energized 
           Rung 31, M2 closed, T1 open 
           Rung 32, M11 open, T4 closed, M12 closed 
           Rung 33, I8 closed, M3 open, I3 open 
           Rung 34, M11 closed, Q2 energized 
           Rung 35, M11 open, T4 not energized 
           Rung 36, I8 closed, T4 open, I1 closed 
           Rung 37, I7 closed 
           Rung 38, T4 open, I1 open, M12 not energized 
           Rung 39, M12 open 
         
       
     
  
   The platen  21  will continue to be in the descent mode until its accumulated extend time is equal to the pre-set value of the extended value at which time the motor powering the ram  19  will stop and the electromagnetic interlock  78  will de-energize to unlock the loading door  31  for three seconds. The ladder logic program for this portion is 
   COMPLETE MANUAL DESCENT OPERATION PROGRAM: 
   
       
       
         
           Rung 1, I4 open, I5 closed, M1 not energized 
           Rung 2, I4 closed, I5 closed, M2 energized 
           Rung 3, I4 open, I5 open, M3 not energized 
           Rung 4, M3 closed, I8 closed, I1 closed, M4 energized 
           Rung 5, M3 open, I8 open 
           Rung 6, M4 closed, M10 closed, T3 closed, M5 energized 
           Rung 7, M5 closed, I2 open, T4 closed, M6 energized 
           Rung 8, M7 open 
           Rung 9, M6 closed, I7 closed 
           Rung 10, M3 open 
           Rung 11, I3 open, I8 closed, I7 closed, M7 not energized 
           Rung 12, M7 open, I7 closed 
           Rung 13, M6 closed, M11 open, Q1 not energized 
           Rung 14, Q1 open, M3 closed, Q4 closed, Q3 not energized 
           Rung 15, Q3 closed, T1 energized (timed out), Q3 opens, T1 not energized 
           Rung 16, T1 closed, M9 (S) energized, T1 returns to open, M9 (S) not energized 
           Rung 17, I3 open 
           Rung 18, M10 open, M9 (R) energized 
           Rung 19, Q1 closed 
           Rung 20, Q1 open, M1 open, M9 closed, Q4 not energized, M9 returns to open 
           Rung 21, Q4 open 
           Rung 22, M3 closed, M7 open 
           Rung 23, M3 open, I3 open 
           Rung 24, Q4 open, T2 not energized 
           Rung 25, M3 open, Q1 open 
           Rung 26, T2 open, M10 not energized 
           Rung 27, I7 open, Q4 open, M3 closed 
           Rung 28, I1 open, M11 open, T4 closed 
           Rung 29, Q1 open, T3 not energized 
           Rung 30, M10 open, I8 closed, M12 closed, M11 energized 
           Rung 31, M2 closed, T1 closed, T1 returns to open 
           Rung 32, M11 closed, T4 closed, M12 closed 
           Rung 33, I8 closed, M3 open, I3 open 
           Rung 34, M11 open, Q2 not energized 
           Rung 35, M11 closed, T4 energized (timing) 
           Rung 36, I8 closed, T4 open, I1 closed 
           Rung 37, I7 closed 
           Rung 38, T4 open, I1 open, M12 not energized 
           Rung 39, M12 open 
         
       
     
  
   Loading door opening mechanism opens the loading door  31  and after three seconds, the electromagnetic interlock  78  will re-energize. The status preparatory to opening the chamber door to tie the finished bale is as follows: 
   BEGIN MANUAL DOOR OPERATION 
   
       
       
         
           Rung 1, I4 open, I5 closed, M1 not energized 
           Rung 2, I4 closed, I5 closed, M2 energized 
           Rung 3, I4 open, I5 open, M3 not energized 
           Rung 4, M3 closed, I8 open, I1 closed, M4 not energized 
           Rung 5, M3 open, I8 closed 
           Rung 6, M4 open, M10 closed, T3 closed, M5 not energized 
           Rung 7, M5 open, I2 open, T4 closed, M6 not energized 
           Rung 8, M7 open 
           Rung 9, M6 open, I7 open 
           Rung 10, M3 open 
           Rung 11, I3 open, I8 open, I7 open, M7 not energized 
           Rung 12, M7 open, I7 open 
           Rung 13, M6 open, M11 closed, Q1 not energized 
           Rung 14, Q1 open, M3 closed, Q4 closed, Q3 not energized 
           Rung 15, Q3 open, T1 not energized 
           Rung 16, T1 open, M9 (S) not energized 
           Rung 17, I3 open 
           Rung 18, M10 open, M9 (R) energized 
           Rung 19, Q1 closed 
           Rung 20, Q1 open, M1 open, M9 open, Q4 not energized 
           Rung 21, Q4 open 
           Rung 22, M3 closed, M7 open 
           Rung 23, M3 open, I3 open 
           Rung 24, Q4 open, T2 not energized 
           Rung 25, M3 open, Q1 open 
           Rung 26, T2 open, M10 not energized 
           Rung 27, I7 closed, Q4 open, M3 closed 
           Rung 28, I1 open, M11 open, T4 closed, M11 returns to closed 
           Rung 29, Q1 open, T3 not energized 
           Rung 30, M10 open, I8 open, M12 closed, M11 not energized 
           Rung 31, M2 closed, T1 open 
           Rung 32, M11 open, T4 open, M12 closed, T4 returns to closed 
           Rung 33, I8 open, M3 open, I3 open 
           Rung 34, M11 closed, Q2 energized 
           Rung 35, M11 open, T4 not energized (timed out) 
           Rung 36, I8 open, T4 closed, I1 closed, T4 returns to open 
           Rung 37, I7 open 
           Rung 38, T4 closed, I1 open, M12 not energized, T4 returns to open 
           Rung 39, M12 open 
         
       
     
  
   In preparation for removing a finished bale, the chamber door is opened and the finished bale is tied before instituting the “MANUAL UP” mode. 
   For operation of the baler control system in the “MANUAL UP” mode, the conditions for the initial set-up are: 
   Mode selector switch  71  is in the 60 degree UP position selecting “MANUAL UP”. 
   The key switch  73  is in the center position for “POWER ON”. 
   The stop button  75  is in the center position for normal operation. 
   The bale chamber door  35  is open and the finished bale is tied. 
   The platen  21  is extended to the top of the finished bale. 
   The loading door  31  is open. 
   The status of the ladder logic program then becomes: 
   MANUAL UP SET-UP PROGRAM 
   
       
       
         
           Rung 1, I4 closed, I5 open, M1 not energized 
           Rung 2, I4 open, I5 open, M2 not energized 
           Rung 3, I4 closed, I5 closed, M3 energized 
           Rung 4, M3 open, I8 open, I1 closed, M4 energized 
           Rung 5, M3 closed, I8 closed 
           Rung 6, M4 closed, M10 closed, T3 closed, M5 energized 
           Rung 7, M5 closed, I2 open, T4 closed, M6 not energized 
           Rung 8, M7 open 
           Rung 9, M6 open, I7 open 
           Rung 10, M3 closed 
           Rung 11, I3 open, I8 open, I7 open, M7 not energized 
           Rung 12, M7 open, I7 open 
           Rung 13, M6 open, M11 closed, Q1 not energized 
           Rung 14, Q1 open, M3 open, Q4 closed, Q3 not energized 
           Rung 15, Q3 open, T1 not energized 
           Rung 16, T1 open, M9 (S) not energized 
           Rung 17, I3 open 
           Rung 18, M10 open, M9 (R) energized 
           Rung 19, Q1 closed 
           Rung 20, Q1 open, M1 open, M9 open, Q4 not energized 
           Rung 21, Q4 open 
           Rung 22, M3 open, M7 open 
           Rung 23, M3 closed, I3 open 
           Rung 24, Q4 open, T2 not energized 
           Rung 25, M3 closed, Q1 open 
           Rung 26, T2 open, M10 not energized 
           Rung 27, I7 closed, Q4 open, M3 open 
           Rung 28, I1 open, M11 closed, T4 closed 
           Rung 29, Q1 open, T3 not energized 
           Rung 30, M10 open, I8 open, M12 closed, M11 not energized 
           Rung 31, M2 open, T1 open 
           Rung 32, M11 open, T4 closed, M12 closed 
           Rung 33, I8 open, M3 closed, I3 open 
           Rung 34, M11 closed, Q2 energized 
           Rung 35, M11 open, T4 not energized 
           Rung 36, I8 open, T4 open, I1 closed 
           Rung 37, I7 open 
           Rung 38, T4 open, I1 open, M12 not energized 
           Rung 39, M12 open 
         
       
     
  
   The “MANUAL UP” operation, which also causes ejection apparatus (described elsewhere) to eject the finished bale from the baler, is initiated by the key switch  73  being turned to the right (“START”) position. The motor starter  92  will then start the motor  90  but the platen  21  will not move. The status for the ladder logic program will be: 
   MANUAL UP STOP OPERATION PROGRAM 
   
       
       
         
           Rung 1, I4 closed, I5 open, M1 not energized 
           Rung 2, I4 open, I5 open, M2 not energized 
           Rung 3, I4 closed, I5 closed, M3 energized 
           Rung 4, M3 open, I8 open, I1 closed, M4 energized 
           Rung 5, M3 closed, I8 closed 
           Rung 6, M4 closed, M10 closed, T3 closed, M5 energized 
           Rung 7, M5 closed, I2 closed, T4 closed, M6 energized 
           Rung 8, M7 open 
           Rung 9, M6 closed, I7 open 
           Rung 10, M3 closed 
           Rung 11, I3 open, I8 open, I7 open, M7 not energized 
           Rung 12, M7 open, I7 open 
           Rung 13, M6 closed, M11 closed, Q1 energized 
           Rung 14, Q1 closed, M3 open, Q4 closed, Q3 not energized 
           Rung 15, Q3 open, T1 not energized 
           Rung 16, T1 open, M9 (S) not energized 
           Rung 17, I3 open 
           Rung 18, M10 open, M9 (R) not energized 
           Rung 19, Q1 open 
           Rung 20, Q1 closed, M1 open, M9 open, Q4 not energized 
           Rung 21, Q4 open 
           Rung 22, M3 open, M7 open 
           Rung 23, M3 closed, I3 open 
           Rung 24, Q4 open, T2 energized (timing) 
           Rung 25, M3 closed, Q1 closed 
           Rung 26, T2 open, M10 not energized 
           Rung 27, I7 closed, Q4 open, M3 open 
           Rung 28, I1 open, M11 closed, T4 closed 
           Rung 29, Q1 closed, T3 energized (timing) 
           Rung 30, M10 open, I8 open, M12 closed, M11 not energized 
           Rung 31, M2 open, T1 open 
           Rung 32, M11 open, T4 closed, M12 closed 
           Rung 33, I8 open, M3 closed, I3 open 
           Rung 34, M11 closed, Q2 energized 
           Rung 35, M11 open, T4 not energized 
           Rung 36, I8 open, T4 open, I1 closed 
           Rung 37, I7 open 
           Rung 38, T4 open, I1 open, M12 not energized 
           Rung 39, M12 open 
         
       
     
  
   When the key switch  73  is released to return to the center or “POWER ON” position, the controller is ready for manual raising of the platen and the status of the ladder logic program is: 
   MANUAL UP READY PROGRAM 
   
       
       
         
           Rung 1, I4 closed, I5 open, M1 not energized 
           Rung 2, I4 open, I5 open, M2 not energized 
           Rung 3, I4 closed, I5 closed, M3 energized 
           Rung 4, M3 open, I8 open, I1 closed, M4 energized 
           Rung 5, M3 closed, I8 closed 
           Rung 6, M4 closed, M10 closed, T3 closed, M5 energized 
           Rung 7, M4 closed, I2 open, T4 closed, M6 energized 
           Rung 8, M7 open 
           Rung 9, M6 closed, I7 open 
           Rung 10, M3 closed 
           Rung 11, I3 open, I8 open, I7 open, M7 not energized 
           Rung 12, M7 open, I7 open 
           Rung 13, M6 closed, M11 closed, Q1 energized 
           Rung 14, Q1 closed, M3 open, Q4 closed, Q3 not energized 
           Rung 15, Q3 open, T1 not energized 
           Rung 16, T1 open, M9 (S) not energized 
           Rung 17, I3 open 
           Rung 18, M10 open, M9 (R) not energized 
           Rung 19, Q1 open 
           Rung 20, Q1 closed, M1 open, M9 open, Q4 not energized 
           Rung 21, Q4 open 
           Rung 22, M3 open, M7 open 
           Rung 23, M3 closed, I3 open 
           Rung 24, Q4 open, T2 energized (timing) 
           Rung 25, M3 closed, Q1 closed 
           Rung 26, T2 open, M10 not energized 
           Rung 27, I7 closed, Q4 open, M3 open 
           Rung 28, I1 open, M11 closed, T4 closed 
           Rung 29, Q1 closed, T3 energized (timing) 
           Rung 30, M10 open, I8 open, M12 closed, M11 not energized 
           Rung 31, M2 open, T1 open 
           Rung 32, M11 open, T4 closed, M12 closed 
           Rung 33, I8 open, M3 closed, I3 open 
           Rung 34, M11 closed, Q2 energized 
           Rung 35, M11 open, T4 not energized 
           Rung 36, I8 open, T4 open, I1 closed 
           Rung 37, I7 open 
           Rung 38, T4 open, I1 open, M12 not energized 
           Rung 39, M12 open 
         
       
     
  
   In order to raise the platen causing the finished bale to eject, an operator must be at the control panel on the side of the baler where the operator is out of the path of the ejected bale and is in a position to see that the ejection of the bale onto an appropriate carrier is provided for in a safe manner. The operator must pull out on the (STOP/PULL TO RAISE) stop button  75  causing the platen to retract only as long as the operator continues to hold out on the stop/pull to raise button. For the platen to raise the ladder logic program has the following status: 
   MANUAL UP RAISE PLATEN OPERATION PROGRAM 
   
       
       
         
           Rung 1, I4 closed, I5 open, M1 not energized 
           Rung 2, I4 open, I5 open, M2 not energized 
           Rung 3, I4 closed, I5 closed, M3 energized 
           Rung 4, M3 open, I8 open, I1 closed, M4 energized 
           Rung 5, M3 closed, I8 closed 
           Rung 6, M4 closed, M10 closed, T3 closed, M5 energized 
           Rung 7, M5 closed, I2 open, T4 closed, M6 energized 
           Rung 8, M7 open 
           Rung 9, M6 closed, I7 open 
           Rung 10, M3 closed 
           Rung 11, I3 closed, I8 open, I7 open, M7 not energized 
           Rung 12, M7 open, I7 open 
           Rung 13, M6 closed, M11 closed, Q1 energized 
           Rung 14, Q1 closed, M3 open, Q4 closed, Q3 not energized 
           Rung 15, Q3 open, T1 not energized 
           Rung 16, T1 open, M9 (S) energized 
           Rung 17, I3 closed 
           Rung 18, M10 open, M9 (R) not energized 
           Rung 19, Q1 open 
           Rung 20, Q1 closed, M1 open, M9 closed, Q4 energized 
           Rung 21, Q4 open 
           Rung 22, M3 open, M7 open 
           Rung 23, M3 closed, I3 closed 
           Rung 24, Q4 open, T2 energized (timing) 
           Rung 25, M3 closed, Q1 closed 
           Rung 26, T2 open, M10 not energized 
           Rung 27, I7 closed, Q4 open, M3 open 
           Rung 28, I1 open, M11 closed, T4 closed 
           Rung 29, Q1 closed, T3 energized (timing) 
           Rung 30, M10 open, I8 open, M12 closed, M11 not energized 
           Rung 31, M2 open, T1 open 
           Rung 32, M11 open, T4 closed, M12 closed 
           Rung 33, I8 open, M3 closed, I3 closed 
           Rung 34, M11 closed, Q2 energized 
           Rung 35, M11 open, T4 not energized 
           Rung 36, I8 open, T4 open, I1 closed 
           Rung 37, I7 open 
           Rung 38, T4 open, I1 open, M12 not energized 
           Rung 39, M12 open 
         
       
     
  
   If the button is released, the platen will stop and the status of the ladder logic program will be: 
   STOP PLATEN RAISE OPERATION PROGRAM 
   
       
       
         
           Rung 1, I4 closed, I5 open, M1 not energized 
           Rung 2, I4 open, I5 open, M2 not energized 
           Rung 3, I4 closed, I5 closed, M3 energized 
           Rung 4, M3 open, I8 open, I1 closed, M4 energized 
           Rung 5, M3 closed, I8 closed 
           Rung 6, M4 closed, M10 closed, T3 closed, M5 energized 
           Rung 7, M5 closed, I2 open, T4 closed, M6 energized 
           Rung 8, M7 open 
           Rung 9, M6 closed, I7 open 
           Rung 10, M3 closed 
           Rung 11, I3 open, I8 open, I7 open, M7 not energized 
           Rung 12, M7 open, I7 open 
           Rung 13, M6 closed, M11 closed, Q1 energized 
           Rung 14, Q1 closed, M3 open, Q4 closed, Q3 not energized 
           Rung 15, Q3 open, T1 not energized 
           Rung 16, T1 open, M9 (S) not energized 
           Rung 17, I3 open 
           Rung 18, M10 open, M9 (R) not energized 
           Rung 19, Q1 open 
           Rung 20, Q1 closed, M1 open, M9 closed, Q4 not energized 
           Rung 21, Q4 open 
           Rung 22, M3 open, M7 open 
           Rung 23, M3 closed, I3 open 
           Rung 24, Q4 open, T2 energized (timing) 
           Rung 25, M3 closed, Q1 closed 
           Rung 26, T2 open, M10 not energized 
           Rung 27, I7 closed, Q4 open, M3 open 
           Rung 28, I1 open, M11 closed, T4 closed 
           Rung 29, Q1 closed, T3 energized (timing) 
           Rung 30, M10 open, I8 open, M12 closed, M11 not energized 
           Rung 31, M2 open, T1 open 
           Rung 32, M11 open, T4 closed, M12 closed 
           Rung 33, I8 open, M3 closed, I3 open 
           Rung 34, M11 closed, Q2 energized 
           Rung 35, M11 open, T4 not energized 
           Rung 36, I8 open, T4 open, I1 closed 
           Rung 37, I7 open 
           Rung 38, T4 open, I1 open, M12 not energized 
           Rung 39, M12 open 
         
       
     
  
   When the accumulated retract time is equal to the reset value in the retract timer, the motor powering ram  19  will stop, concluding the “MANUAL UP” operation. The status of the ladder logic program will be: 
   MANUAL UP END OPERATION PROGRAM 
   
       
       
         
           Rung 1, I4 closed, I5 open, M1 not energized 
           Rung 2, I4 open, I5 open, M2 not energized 
           Rung 3, I4 closed, I5 closed, M3 energized 
           Rung 4, M3 open, I8 open, I1 closed, M4 energized 
           Rung 5, M3 closed, I8 closed 
           Rung 6, M4 closed, M10 open, T3 closed, M5 not energized, M10 returns to closed 
           Rung 7, M5 open, I2 open, T4 closed, M6 not energized 
           Rung 8, M7 open 
           Rung 9, M6 open, I7 open 
           Rung 10, M3 closed 
           Rung 11, I3 open, I8 open, I7 open, M7 not energized 
           Rung 12, M7 open, I7 open 
           Rung 13, M6 open, M11 closed, Q1 not energized 
           Rung 14, Q1 open, M3 open, Q4 closed, Q3 not energized 
           Rung 15, Q3 open, T1 not energized 
           Rung 16, T1 open, M9 (S) not energized 
           Rung 17, I3 open 
           Rung 18, M10 closed, M9 (R) energized, M10 returns to open 
           Rung 19, Q1 closed 
           Rung 20, Q1 open, M1 open, M9 open, Q4 not energized 
           Rung 21, Q4 open 
           Rung 22, M3 open, M7 open 
           Rung 23, M3 closed, I3 open 
           Rung 24, Q4 open, T2 not energized (timed out) 
           Rung 25, M3 closed, Q1 open 
           Rung 26, T2 closed, M10 energized, T2 returns to open, M10 not energized 
           Rung 27, I7 closed, Q4 open, M3 open 
           Rung 28, I1 open, M11 closed, T4 closed 
           Rung 29, Q1 open, T3 not energized 
           Rung 30, M10 closed, I8 open, M12 closed, M11 not energized, M10 returns to open 
           Rung 31, M2 open, T1 open 
           Rung 32, M11 open, T4 closed, M12 closed 
           Rung 33, I8 open, M3 closed, I3 open 
           Rung 34, M11 closed, Q2 energized 
           Rung 35, M11 open, T4 not energized 
           Rung 36, I8 open, T4 open, I1 closed 
           Rung 37, I7 open 
           Rung 38, T4 open, I1 open, M12 not energized 
           Rung 39, M12 open 
         
       
     
  
   When the operator has followed the procedures above, the finished bale should be ejected completing the “MANUAL UP” operation and concluding the cycle so that the “AUTO” mode can be initiated again as described above. 
     FIG. 5  is a schematic circuit diagram showing the hard wired connections of the programmable relay with other electrical components of the baler of  FIGS. 1 and 2 . Programmable relay  61  is the part of the controller for the baler and is a conventional solid-state electronics device readily available and well known as indicated by the referenced patents. 
   Electrical outputs of programmable relay  61  are labeled Q 1 , Q 2 , Q 3 , and Q 4 . Output Q 1  supplies a control signal to motor starter  92  for the motor  90  powering hydraulic ram  19  for raising and lowering platen  21  (ram  19  and platen  21  being shown in  FIG. 1 ). An overload protector  91  is shown in circuit with motor starter  92 . 
   Output Q4 controls the interlock solenoid shown schematically at  77 . Output Q3 controls the hydraulic extend valve solenoid shown schematically at  93  and output Q2 controls the hydraulic retract valve solenoid shown schematically at  95 . 
   Programmable relay  61  is provided with power terminals L and N receiving AC power from transformer secondary  85  having a fuse  87  in series therewith for protection thereof. As shown at  73 , off/on/start key switch is configured to provide power from transformer secondary  85  to all elements of the circuit of  FIG. 5  in all positions except the off position. Power on condition is indicated by power on light  89 . The three-phase power system for the motor of hydraulic ram  19  is conventional and not shown in detail. 
   Safety interlock switch  78  is connected to Input  6 . Mode select switch  71  is connected to Inputs  4  and  5 , being closed to both at the center position. 
   The off/on/start key switch  73  also has a contact and connection to Input  2 . The pull to raise/stop button  75  has contacts connecting input  3  and  1  respectively. 
   Other operation features may not be readily apparent from the foregoing description. They include the following. 
   If the stop button is pushed in while the motor is on and if the loading door is closed, the motor will stop and the electromagnetic interlock will de-energize to unlock the loading door. The loading door opening mechanism will open the loading door as it does whenever the electromagnetic interlock is de-energized. The magnetic door interlock will remain un-energized for three seconds and then re-energize. 
   If the stop button is pushed in while the motor is off and if the loading door is closed, the electromagnetic interlock will de-energize to unlock the loading door. The loading door opening mechanism will open the loading door. The electromagnetic interlock will remain un-energized for three seconds and then re-energize. 
   If the key switch is moved to the “off” position, all control voltage is off and there is no power to the programmable relay. 
   If the stop/pull to raise button is pulled out while the motor is running, and if the platen is extended and if the loading door is closed, the platen will shift direction and retract until the accumulated retract time is equal to the preset value in the retract timer. The motor then will stop and the electromagnetic interlock will de-energize to unlock the loading door. The loading door opening mechanism will open the loading door. The electromagnetic interlock will remain un-energized for three seconds and then re-energize. 
   If the stop/pull to raise button is pulled out while the motor is off and if the key switch is in the “POWER ON” position and if the platen is extended and if the loading door is closed, the motor will start and the platen will retract until the accumulated retract time is equal to the preset value in the retract timer. The motor will stop and the electromagnetic interlock will be de-energized to unlock the loading door. The loading door opening mechanism will open the loading door. The electromagnetic interlock will remain un-energized for three seconds and then re-energized. 
     FIG. 8  shows an alternative schematic circuit diagram showing connections of the programmable relay and other electrical components of the baler of  FIGS. 1 ,  2 , and  3 . Note that a top safety interlock switch  122  has been added to the schematic and connected into input contact  17 . Otherwise, the connections of this schematic are very similar to those discussed in  FIG. 5 . 
     FIGS. 9A through 9E  show a diagram of another embodiment of the programmable relay configuration for controlling the baler of  FIGS. 1 and 2 . The following provides a description of the program running in the controller: Symbols used: 
   “I” Represents input contacts that are driven by various switches. 
   “Q” Represents output contacts that drive various solenoids and coils. 
   “T” Represents timers that when the coil is energized will begin to time and when the accumulated time value is equal to the preset time value the contacts used throughout the program will change state. 
   “M” Represents relays that when the coil is energized the contacts used throughout the program will change state. 
   “M”(S)Represents relays that when the coil is energized the contacts used throughout the program will change state and remain that way if the coil is un-energized until it is reset. 
   “M”(R) Represents relays that when the coil is energized will reset the “M(S)” contacts. 
   Inputs “I”: 
   “I1” The Stop contact is a normally closed contact that is controlled by the position of the stop button. Pushed in, the contact will be open. In the center (normal operating position) and when pulled out in the pull to raise position, the contact will be closed. Where used: 
   
     
       
             
             
             
             
           
             
             
             
             
           
         
             
                 
                 
             
             
                 
               Position “IN” 
               Position “CENTER” 
               Position “OUT” 
             
             
                 
                 
             
           
           
             
                 
             
           
        
         
             
               Rung #4 
               OPEN 
               CLOSED 
               CLOSED 
             
             
               Rung #29 
               CLOSED 
               OPEN 
               OPEN 
             
             
               Rung #37 
               OPEN 
               CLOSED 
               CLOSED 
             
             
               Rung #39 
               CLOSED 
               OPEN 
               OPEN 
             
             
                 
             
           
        
       
     
   
   “I2” The Start contact is a normally open contact that is controlled by the position of the key start switch. Turned to the left (OFF position), the contact will be open. In the center (POWER ON position), the contact will be open and when turned to the right (START position), the contact will be closed. Where used: 
   
     
       
             
             
             
             
           
             
             
             
             
           
         
             
                 
                 
             
             
                 
               Position “OFF” 
               Position “POWER ON” 
               Position “START” 
             
             
                 
                 
             
           
           
             
                 
             
           
        
         
             
               Rung 
               OPEN 
               OPEN 
               CLOSED 
             
             
               #7 
             
             
                 
             
           
        
       
     
   
   “I3” The Raise contact is a normally closed contact that is controlled by the position of the stop button. Pushed in and in the center (normal operating position), the contact will be open. When pulled out in the pull to raise position, the contact will be closed. Where used: 
   
     
       
             
             
             
             
           
             
             
             
             
           
         
             
                 
                 
             
             
                 
               Position “IN” 
               Position “CENTER” 
               Position “OUT” 
             
             
                 
                 
             
           
           
             
                 
             
           
        
         
             
               Rung #11 
               OPEN 
               OPEN 
               CLOSED 
             
             
               Rung #18 
               OPEN 
               OPEN 
               CLOSED 
             
             
               Rung #24 
               OPEN 
               OPEN 
               CLOSED 
             
             
               Rung #34 
               OPEN 
               OPEN 
               CLOSED 
             
             
                 
             
           
        
       
     
   
   “I4” The Mode select contact #1 is a normally closed contact that is controlled by the position of the mode selector switch. Turned to the center (AUTO position) up (MANUAL UP position), the contact will be closed. In the down (MANUAL DOWN position), the contact will be open. Where used: 
   
     
       
             
             
             
             
           
             
             
             
             
           
         
             
                 
                 
             
             
                 
               Position “UP” 
               Position “CENTER” 
               Position “DOWN” 
             
             
                 
                 
             
           
           
             
                 
             
           
        
         
             
               Rung #1 
               CLOSED 
               CLOSED 
               OPEN 
             
             
               Rung #2 
               OPEN 
               OPEN 
               CLOSED 
             
             
               Rung #3 
               CLOSED 
               CLOSED 
               OPEN 
             
             
                 
             
           
        
       
     
   
   “I5” The Mode select contact #2 is a normally open contact that is controlled by the position of the mode selector switch. Turned to the center (AUTO position), the contact will be closed. In the up (MANUAL UP position), the contact will be open and in the down (MANUAL DOWN position), the contact will be closed. Where used: 
   
     
       
             
             
             
             
           
             
             
             
             
           
         
             
                 
                 
             
             
                 
               Position “UP” 
               Position “CENTER” 
               Position “DOWN” 
             
             
                 
                 
             
           
           
             
                 
             
           
        
         
             
               Rung #1 
               OPEN 
               CLOSED 
               CLOSED 
             
             
               Rung #2 
               OPEN 
               CLOSED 
               CLOSED 
             
             
               Rung #3 
               CLOSED 
               OPEN 
               OPEN 
             
             
                 
             
           
        
       
     
   
   “I6” The electromagnetic door lock contacts are normally open contacts that will close when the lock is energized and the strike plate mounted on the loading door is mated to the surface. Where used: 
   
     
       
             
             
             
           
             
             
             
             
           
         
             
                 
                 
             
             
                 
               DOOR DOWN 
               DOOR UP 
             
             
                 
                 
             
           
           
             
                 
             
           
        
         
             
                 
               Rung #4 
               CLOSED 
               OPEN 
             
             
                 
               Rung #5 
               OPEN 
               CLOSED 
             
             
                 
               Rung #11 
               CLOSED 
               OPEN 
             
             
                 
               Rung #16 
               CLOSED 
               OPEN 
             
             
                 
               Rung #31 
               CLOSED 
               OPEN 
             
             
                 
               Rung #34 
               CLOSED 
               OPEN 
             
             
                 
               Rung #37 
               CLOSED 
               OPEN 
             
             
                 
                 
             
           
        
       
     
   
   “I7” The Top safety switch contact is a normally open contact that will close when the magnet mounted on the loading door (door is closed) is in proximity to the surface of the switch mounted to a plate on the baler main frame that will open when the platen is retracted. Where used: 
                                                         PLATEN RETRACTED   PLATEN EXTENDED                                    Rung #9   OPEN   CLOSED       Rung #11   OPEN   CLOSED       Rung #12   OPEN   CLOSED       Rung #28   CLOSED   OPEN       Rung #38   OPEN   CLOSED                    
Outputs “Q”:
 
   The output coil will be energized when the conditions in the rung preceding the coil are in their closed state. When the coil is energized, the contacts used throughout the program will change state (open will close and closed will open). 
   “Q1” When the coil is energized, the Q1 contacts on the controller will close and energize the motor starter to start the motor. Where used: 
   
     
       
             
             
             
             
           
         
             
                 
                 
             
           
           
             
                 
               Rung #13 
               COIL 
             
             
                 
                 
             
             
                 
                 
               ENERGIZED 
               UN-ENERGIZED 
             
             
                 
                 
             
             
                 
               Rung #14 
               CLOSED 
               OPEN 
             
             
                 
               Rung #20 
               OPEN 
               CLOSED 
             
             
                 
               Rung #21 
               CLOSED 
               OPEN 
             
             
                 
               Rung #26 
               CLOSED 
               OPEN 
             
             
                 
               Rung #30 
               CLOSED 
               OPEN 
             
             
                 
                 
             
           
        
       
     
   
   “Q2” When the coil is energized, the Q2 contacts on the controller will close and energize the electromagnetic door lock. Where used: 
   
     
       
             
             
             
           
         
             
                 
                 
             
           
           
             
                 
               Rung #35 
               COIL 
             
             
                 
                 
             
           
        
       
     
   
   “Q3” When the coil is energized, the Q3 contacts on the controller will close and energize the extend solenoid on the directional control valve to make the platen extend. Where used: 
   
     
       
             
             
             
             
           
         
             
                 
                 
             
           
           
             
                 
               Rung #14 
               COIL 
             
             
                 
                 
             
             
                 
                 
               ENERGIZED 
               UN-ENERGIZED 
             
             
                 
                 
             
             
                 
               Rung #15 
               CLOSED 
               OPEN 
             
             
                 
                 
             
           
        
       
     
   
   “Q4” When the coil is energized, the Q4 contacts on the controller will close and energize the retract solenoid on the directional control valve to make the platen retract. Where used: 
                                                   Rung #21   COIL                           ENERGIZED   UN-ENERGIZED                       Rung #14   OPEN   CLOSED           Rung #22   CLOSED   OPEN           Rung #25   CLOSED   OPEN           Rung #28   CLOSED   OPEN                        
Timers “T”:
 
   The timer coil will be energized when the conditions in the rung preceding the coil are in their closed state. When the coil is energized, the contacts used throughout the program will change state (open will close and closed will open) when the coil remains energized until the preset time value is equal to the accumulated time value. 
   “T1” (Extending timer) When the coil is energized, the platen extend time will be monitored and when the accumulated extend time is equal to the preset time, the contacts used throughout the program will change state. Where used: 
   
     
       
             
             
             
             
           
         
             
                 
                 
             
           
           
             
                 
               Rung #15 
               COIL 
             
             
                 
                 
             
             
                 
                 
               ENERGIZED 
               UN-ENERGIZED 
             
             
                 
                 
               TIMED OUT 
               OR TIMING 
             
             
                 
                 
             
             
                 
               Rung #16 
               CLOSED 
               OPEN 
             
             
                 
               Rung #17 
               CLOSED 
               OPEN 
             
             
                 
               Rung #32 
               CLOSED 
               OPEN 
             
             
                 
                 
             
           
        
       
     
   
   “T2” (Retracting timer) When the coil is energized, the platen retract time will be monitored and when the accumulated retract time is equal to the preset time, the contacts used throughout the program will change state. Where used: 
   
     
       
             
             
             
             
           
         
             
                 
                 
             
           
           
             
                 
               Rung #25 
               COIL 
             
             
                 
                 
             
             
                 
                 
               ENERGIZED 
               UN-ENERGIZED 
             
             
                 
                 
               TIMED OUT 
               OR TIMING 
             
             
                 
                 
             
             
                 
               Rung #27 
               CLOSED 
               OPEN 
             
             
                 
                 
             
           
        
       
     
   
   “T3” (Max run timer) When the coil is energized, the maximum run time will be monitored and when the accumulated extend time is equal to the preset time, the contacts used throughout the program will change state. Where used: 
   
     
       
             
             
             
             
           
         
             
                 
                 
             
           
           
             
                 
               Rung #30 
               COIL 
             
             
                 
                 
             
             
                 
                 
               ENERGIZED 
               UN-ENERGIZED 
             
             
                 
                 
               TIMED OUT 
               OR TIMING 
             
             
                 
                 
             
             
                 
               Rung #6 
               OPEN 
               CLOSED 
             
             
                 
                 
             
           
        
       
     
   
   “T4” (Unlatch timer) When the coil is energized, the time the electromagnetic door lock is un-energized will be monitored and when the accumulated extend time is equal to the preset time, the contacts used throughout the program will change state. Where used: 
                                                   Rung #36   COIL                           ENERGIZED   UN-ENERGIZED               TIMED OUT   OR TIMING                       Rung #7   OPEN   CLOSED           Rung #29   OPEN   CLOSED           Rung #33   OPEN   CLOSED           Rung #37   CLOSED   OPEN           Rung #39   CLOSED   OPEN                        
Relays “M”:
 
   The relay coil will be energized when the conditions in the rung preceding the coil are in their closed state. When the coil is energized, the contacts used throughout the program will change state (open will close and closed will open). 
   “M1” (Auto) When the coil is energized, the M1 contacts used throughout the program will change state. Where used: 
   
     
       
             
             
             
             
           
         
             
                 
                 
             
           
           
             
                 
               Rung #1 
               COIL 
             
             
                 
                 
             
             
                 
                 
               ENERGIZED 
               UN-ENERGIZED 
             
             
                 
                 
             
             
                 
               Rung #21 
               CLOSED 
               OPEN 
             
             
                 
                 
             
           
        
       
     
   
   “M2” (Manual down) When the coil is energized, the M2 contacts used throughout the program will change state. Where used: 
   
     
       
             
             
             
             
           
         
             
                 
                 
             
           
           
             
                 
               Rung #2 
               COIL 
             
             
                 
                 
             
             
                 
                 
               ENERGIZED 
               UN-ENERGIZED 
             
             
                 
                 
             
             
                 
               Rung #16 
               CLOSED 
               OPEN 
             
             
                 
               Rung #20 
               OPEN 
               CLOSED 
             
             
                 
               Rung #32 
               CLOSED 
               OPEN 
             
             
                 
                 
             
           
        
       
     
   
   “M3” (Manual up) When the coil is energized, the M3 contacts used throughout the program will change state. Where used: 
   
     
       
             
             
             
             
           
         
             
                 
                 
             
           
           
             
                 
               Rung #3 
               COIL 
             
             
                 
                 
             
             
                 
                 
               ENERGIZED 
               UN-ENERGIZED 
             
             
                 
                 
             
             
                 
               Rung #4 
               OPEN 
               CLOSED 
             
             
                 
               Rung #5 
               CLOSED 
               OPEN 
             
             
                 
               Rung #10 
               CLOSED 
               OPEN 
             
             
                 
               Rung #14 
               OPEN 
               CLOSED 
             
             
                 
               Rung #23 
               OPEN 
               CLOSED 
             
             
                 
               Rung #24 
               CLOSED 
               OPEN 
             
             
                 
               Rung #26 
               CLOSED 
               OPEN 
             
             
                 
               Rung #28 
               OPEN 
               CLOSED 
             
             
                 
               Rung #34 
               CLOSED 
               OPEN 
             
             
                 
                 
             
           
        
       
     
   
   “M4” (Safe to run) When the coil is energized, the M4 contacts used throughout the program will change state. Where used: 
   
     
       
             
             
             
             
           
         
             
                 
                 
             
           
           
             
                 
               Rung #4 
               COIL 
             
             
                 
                 
             
             
                 
                 
               ENERGIZED 
               UN-ENERGIZED 
             
             
                 
                 
             
             
                 
               Rung #6 
               CLOSED 
               OPEN 
             
             
                 
                 
             
           
        
       
     
   
   “M5” (Okay to run) When the coil is energized, the M5 contacts used throughout the program will change state. Where used: 
   
     
       
             
             
             
             
           
         
             
                 
                 
             
           
           
             
                 
               Rung #6 
               COIL 
             
             
                 
                 
             
             
                 
                 
               ENERGIZED 
               UN-ENERGIZED 
             
             
                 
                 
             
             
                 
               Rung #7 
               CLOSED 
               OPEN 
             
             
                 
                 
             
           
        
       
     
   
   “M6” (Start) When the coil is energized, the M4 contacts used throughout the program will change state. Where used: 
   
     
       
             
             
             
             
           
         
             
                 
                 
             
           
           
             
                 
               Rung #7 
               COIL 
             
             
                 
                 
             
             
                 
                 
               ENERGIZED 
               UN-ENERGIZED 
             
             
                 
                 
             
             
                 
               Rung #9 
               CLOSED 
               OPEN 
             
             
                 
               Rung #13 
               CLOSED 
               OPEN 
             
             
                 
                 
             
           
        
       
     
   
   “M7” (Raise/Reverse) When the coil is energized, the M7 contacts used throughout the program will change state. Where used: 
   
     
       
             
             
             
             
           
         
             
                 
                 
             
           
           
             
                 
               Rung #11 
               COIL 
             
             
                 
                 
             
             
                 
                 
               ENERGIZED 
               UN-ENERGIZED 
             
             
                 
                 
             
             
                 
               Rung #8 
               CLOSED 
               OPEN 
             
             
                 
               Rung #12 
               CLOSED 
               OPEN 
             
             
                 
               Rung #23 
               CLOSED 
               OPEN 
             
             
                 
                 
             
           
        
       
     
   
   “M9” (Extended latch) When the coil is energized, the M9 contacts used throughout the program will change state. Where used: 
   
     
       
             
             
             
           
             
             
             
             
           
         
             
                 
                 
             
           
           
             
                 
               Rung #17 
               LATCH COIL 
             
             
                 
               Rung #19 
               RESET COIL 
             
             
                 
                 
             
           
        
         
             
                 
                 
               LATCHED 
               RESET 
             
             
                 
                 
             
             
                 
               Rung #21 
               CLOSED 
               OPEN 
             
             
                 
                 
             
           
        
       
     
   
   “M10” (Retracted) When the coil is energized, the M10 contacts used throughout the program will change state. Where used: 
   
     
       
             
             
             
             
           
         
             
                 
                 
             
           
           
             
                 
               Rung #27 
               COIL 
             
             
                 
                 
             
             
                 
                 
               ENERGIZED 
               UN-ENERGIZED 
             
             
                 
                 
             
             
                 
               Rung #6 
               OPEN 
               CLOSED 
             
             
                 
               Rung #19 
               CLOSED 
               OPEN 
             
             
                 
               Rung #31 
               CLOSED 
               OPEN 
             
             
                 
                 
             
           
        
       
     
   
   “M11” (Unlatch door) When the coil is energized, the M11 contacts used throughout the program will change state. Where used: 
   
     
       
             
             
             
             
           
         
             
                 
                 
             
           
           
             
                 
               Rung #31 
               COIL 
             
             
                 
                 
             
             
                 
                 
               ENERGIZED 
               UN-ENERGIZED 
             
             
                 
                 
             
             
                 
               Rung #13 
               OPEN 
               CLOSED 
             
             
                 
               Rung #29 
               OPEN 
               CLOSED 
             
             
                 
               Rung #33 
               CLOSED 
               OPEN 
             
             
                 
               Rung #35 
               OPEN 
               CLOSED 
             
             
                 
               Rung #36 
               CLOSED 
               OPEN 
             
             
                 
                 
             
           
        
       
     
   
   “M12” (Reset unlatch) When the coil is energized, the M12 contacts used throughout the program will change state. Where used: 
   
     
       
             
             
             
             
           
         
             
                 
                 
             
           
           
             
                 
               Rung #39 
               COIL 
             
             
                 
                 
             
             
                 
                 
               ENERGIZED 
               UN-ENERGIZED 
             
             
                 
                 
             
             
                 
               Rung #31 
               OPEN 
               CLOSED 
             
             
                 
               Rung #33 
               OPEN 
               CLOSED 
             
             
                 
               Rung #40 
               CLOSED 
               OPEN 
             
             
                 
                 
             
           
        
       
     
   
   From the foregoing discussion, it will be seen that the control circuit and the programmable relay provide for both expected and unexpected operator actions at the control panel thereby preventing problems with a control system function that could require supervisory activity beyond the operator&#39;s ability. 
   From  FIGS. 1–9  it will be seen that the control system of the programmable relay and associated components serve to effectively provide all of the functions of the baler including waste acceptance, compaction, and bale ejection in a safe and efficient manner with a minimum of complexity using a relatively small number of interlocking and locking devices. 
   While the control program and circuit described above is explained in relation to cooperation with a particular form of bale dump tray and ejection mechanism coupling the bale dump tray and the baler platen, its usefulness is not limited to this particular form of baler and ejection mechanism but is suitable with or adaptable to other forms of compaction apparatus. 
   In addition to the alternative forms of implementation of the apparatus shown, suggested, or described above, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that other modifications and variations to the apparatus can be employed and accordingly the scope of the invention is not to be limited to the variations explicitly described but is rather to be determined by reference to the appended claims.