Abstract:
Present invention comprises a separate bypass channel that is installed on one side of the dam connecting upstream and downstream; water supply for fish ladder which is installed upstream, spillway wall disposed downstream of dam and having groove, a first fish ladder facility which connects said water supply and the spillway wall and has a predetermined number of the partition wall with a passage opening respectively, which are structured in a stepwise manner The first even and facility are installed on the upstream side inlet of the bypass channel is configured; and a second fish ladder facility which comprises inclined channel installed for discharging water to the side of the dam, sloping and comb wall contiguous installed to alternately at predetermined intervals on both sides of the main wall of the inclined channel, and movement passage in the shape of pipe shape that connects upstream and downstream on the inner bottom of the dam, which is provided in the middle of said bypass channel.

Description:
FIELD OF INVENTION 
       [0001]    The present invention is related with a fish ladder facility, in particular with fish ladder facility which can be installed in an existing dams, regardless of the size of the dam in the form to be bypassed in a river, even when the depth of the river is low because of dry season, the facility being provide a secure retention space and ease of movement is for homing instinct fishes as well as a solid structure designed to minimize resistance for permanent use, to provide people with watching a moving image of reentry fish and a learning site. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    In general, agricultural water or drinking water and hydroelectric power to secure water resources by installing a concrete dam can be preserved in the dam and the dam produces electricity by installing a power plant. However, at the same time, the dam acts as a barrier to restrict the free movement of homing instinct fishes and have dysfunctional disadvantage of destroying the ecosystem. 
         [0003]    Domestically in China, for spawning or growing, variety of fish species, such as dace,  Leucopsarion petersii , lamprey(summer species) move back to the river on June, and on October, lamprey (winter species), salmon, red trout, sea smelt, crab move upstream along the river. 
         [0004]    However, a dam installed on rivers to ensure water will interfere with these homing instinct fishes to a situation that is facings a serious problem that can have many rare species extinction due to the construction of a dam. 
         [0005]    In order to the fishes to be able to move freely, a dam may have a fish ladder because of the above problems, to try to make a mobile environment in which fish can move freely upstream along the river. 
         [0006]    In order to install the fish ladder in the existing dams, there are problems that are to be demolished and a new installation of dams with a huge budget and the period takes a lot. Even if they install a fish ladder facility in a dam, most of which adopt step-like structure, which is to lose the function according to the water flowing from the dam downstream in dry season. In rainy season, the flow rate is large; the young fishes have to swim against the fast flowing forces of falling water from the facility, thus it is difficult to swim away back to the upstream for the homing instinct fishes. 
         [0007]    In addition, even if a proper quantity of water is maintained, there is a problem that the depth is very shallow, providing sufficient quantity of water and relaxation space required for the movement of homing instinct fishes is not possible and the fishes can be easily captured by birds and humans. 
         [0008]    In addition, because the conventional fish ladder is constructed on the middle of the dam, in rainy season, when the homing fishes do not migrate at all, the function is recovered the proper quantity of water, however, when a couple of days pass, this function may be lost. 
         [0009]    The present invention has been one made in view of the above problems, to install the bypass channel to the stream to be more economical than existing steeper dam suitable for high characteristics and location of the such open space next to the stream and an ecology superintendent, it is an object of the present invention to provide a very suitable facility where the effect is greatly required. 
         [0010]    In addition, the object of the present invention is to provide bypass-stream channel type fish ladder facility for the dams to be newly established, as well as to the dams already installed in the easy way, in which, by the virtue of IT system, water can be automatically pumped up into the bypass, and the facility are maintained throughout in a certain level of water in four seasons. And, the homing instinct fishes can move freely, as well as the first and the second fish ladders to be installed at the entrance and in the middle, the bypass facility itself perform a security function for water in the upstream and in the downstream in the river. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0011]    In order to achieve the above object, the present invention comprises a separate bypass channel that is installed on one side of the dam connecting upstream and downstream; water supply for fish ladder which is installed upstream, spillway wall disposed downstream of dam and having groove, a first fish ladder facility which connects said water supply and the spillway wall and has a predetermined number of the partition wall with a passage opening respectively, which are structured in a stepwise manner The first even and facility are installed on the upstream side inlet of the bypass channel is configured; and a second fish ladder facility which comprises inclined channel installed for discharging water to the side of the dam, sloping and comb wall contiguous installed to alternately at predetermined intervals on both sides of the main wall of the inclined channel, and movement passage in the shape of pipe shape that connects upstream, and downstream on the inner bottom of the dam, which is provided in the middle of said bypass channel. 
         [0012]    Preferably, a pond with a pumping facility is provided in a least one side of the first fish ladder facility. 
         [0013]    In addition, a water pressure buffer opening is provided between the spillway wall and the fish ladder of the first fish ladder facility. 
         [0014]    Preferably, the first fish ladder facility has turning part in the fish ladder. 
         [0015]    Preferably, a shelter in the form of pool is provided one passage side of the first fish ladder facility. 
         [0016]    In addition, a shelter in the form of pool is provided the other passage side of the first fish ladder facility. 
         [0017]    Preferably, the fish ladder facility further comprises a contoured shape of the groove formed in the groove in the inclined bottom surface of the second fish ladder facility; and artificial plants attached to the movement passage. 
         [0018]    Further, the flow channels of the second fish ladder facility are composed of zigzag pattern. 
         [0019]    In addition, the flow channel outlet-side passage provided at a lower side of the dam forms zigzag pattern. 
         [0020]    The present invention configured as described above, if a vast open space is on one side of a river, it can be used as ecological learning center, not only for dams to be established, but also for dams that are already existing, and it can be prevented from being run out of homing instinct fishes because the movement of the fishes is permitted. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0021]    Various embodiments of the invention are disclosed in the following detailed description and accompanying drawings, in which: 
           [0022]      FIG. 1  illustrates a stream bypass channel type fish ladder facility; 
           [0023]      FIG. 2  illustrates a first fish ladder facility provided in the bypass channel; 
           [0024]      FIG. 3  is a perspective view of a first fish ladder facility; 
           [0025]      FIG. 4  is a perspective view of the spillway wall of the first fish ladder facility 
           [0026]      FIG. 5  illustrates a fish ladder configuration structure of first fish ladder facility; 
           [0027]      FIG. 6  is a second fish ladder facility provided in the bypass channel, 
           [0028]      FIG. 7  is a side view of second fish ladder facility; 
           [0029]      FIG. 8  is a diagram illustrating a flow channel of the second fish ladder facility; and 
           [0030]      FIG. 9  is a perspective view illustrating a second fish ladder facility. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0031]    As shown in  FIG. 1 , in the bypass channel type fish ladder facility according to the present invention, a bypass channel  100  connecting the downstream and the upstream is formed in the river with open space on one side, and the first fish ladder facility  110  is installed in the entrance portion of the bypass channel  100 , and the second fish ladder facility  130  is installed in the middle of the bypass channel  100 . 
         [0032]    The bypass channel  100  may have ‘W’ like shape, thus minimize the flow rate of water flowing the bypass channel  100  as to make easy the movement of homing instinct fishes upstream. 
         [0033]    As described in  FIG. 2 , the first fish ladder comprises facility  110  comprises a weir  111  trespassing upstream side, water supply  120 , water supply gate  119 , fish ladder  118 , water pressure buffer opening  114  and spillway wall  112 . 
         [0034]    The water supply  120  is for supplying water to fish ladder  118  by which homing instinct fishes move, and has reservoir to store a certain amount of water, and although not shown in the drawing, an inlet having the size of 40 cm×40 cm is formed in water gate  119  to the lower side in the center of water supply  120 , of which function is to send down water to the fish ladder. 
         [0035]    Then, a pond  101  for storing the water at all times in preparation of dry season is provided one side of the first fish ladder facility  110 . By providing such pond  101  and making a water stream to the bypass stream  100  for a certain amount of water, homing instinct fishes can move up to upstream even in dry season. The pond  101  has, preferably, a pumping facility  142  with IT technology, the pumping facility  142  can secure always a certain amount of water in the pond even in dry season. 
         [0036]    The pumping facility  142  is provided with IT system, thus automatically pumps water into the bypass channel and keeps a certain quantity of water throughout four seasons when the homing instinct fishes moves during the dry season. 
         [0037]    In other words, it usually always sent down shed a certain amount of water through the inlet into the fish ladder  118 , and if required, a large amount of water can be supplied by opening the water gate  119  into the fish ladder  118 . In addition, in dry season, water stored in the pond  101  can be supplied into the bypass stream  100 . 
         [0038]    Then, a spillway wall  112  is installed in downstream of the weir  111 , above which the water is discharged to the downstream of the fish ladder  118 . The spillway wall  112  is configured to discharge the downstream flow directed towards the spillway wall  112  from the water supply  120  as shown in  FIG. 4 . The spillway wall  112  has, many grooves  113  of different pattern. When water of upstream is discharged downstream through the grooves  113  of the spillway wall  112 , homing instinct fishes can go up in the water discharging from the grooves  113 . 
         [0039]    In addition, as shown in  FIG. 2 , it is preferable to install a water pressure buffer opening  114  between the spillway wall  112  and fish ladder  118  that is described later. Water pressure buffer opening  114  has a width wider than that of the fish ladder  118 , and reduces the water pressure flowing through the fish ladder  118 , thus allows the homing instinct fishes can swim easier. In addition, the water pressure buffer opening  114  make the quantity of water which flows down is discharged to the downstream through the spillway wall  112  by ensuring that the water reservoir serves to be constant. 
         [0040]    Homing instinct fishes can reach to the water supply  120  upstream of the weir  111  through fish ladder  118 , the fishes move to the upstream through the inlet (not shown) of water supply  120 . And, a fish ladder  118  is provided through which water discharged from the water supply  120  to be discharged to the downstream flow. 
         [0041]    The fish ladder  118  has a predetermined number of partition walls  116  as shown in  FIG. 5  at regular intervals and is installed in the form of stairs gradually lowered toward the height down to the downstream side. In addition, at the lower portion of the partition wall  116  is about 45 cm×45 cm size of passage opening  122 , thus homing instinct fishes can go upstream through the passage opening  112 . 
         [0042]    Then, the passage opening  122  of the partition wall  116  has a bottom shelter  123  in the form of a pond. The shelter  123  is for young fishes, to avoid harsh waters flowing down the fish ladder. And, said shelter  123  reduces the flow rate of water flowing through the passage opening  122  of the partition wall  116 , thus fishes can go upstream easier. 
         [0043]    Further, not only one side of the partition wall  116 , it is preferable to configure the shelter on the other side of the partition wall  116 , by doing so, as described above further reduce the flow rate and allow the fishes can swim easier. 
         [0044]    And, natural stones (not shown) can be set between the partition walls  116 , a small fish can swim easily by the stones as a small shelter, and the fish ladder  118  looks like in their natural state. 
         [0045]    The fish ladder  118  may be of a straight line shape, but as shown on  FIG. 2  and  FIG. 3 , by forming the turning, portion  117 , the space for fish ladder facility  118  can be reduced. The turning portion  117  allows water to be restored temporary as said water pressure buffer opening  114 , and reduces water pressure so the fishes can swim upstream easily. In addition, the turning portion  117  also serves to reserve water in that turning portion  117 , the water flowing to the fish ladder is constant. 
         [0046]    In addition, as can be seen from  FIG. 2 , said, turning portion  117  may have wider width than the fish ladder has, thereby water pressure flowing through the fish ladder  118  could be reduced and homing fishes can get rest in the turning portion  117  and, since the quantity of water flowing will be increased, the amount of water flowing down through spillway wall  112  can be maintained. 
         [0047]    Now, the second fish ladder facility  130  of the present invention will be described. 
         [0048]    The second fish ladder facility  130  provides a secure retention space and ease of movement to the movement of the fish upstream of homing, instinct even when the depth of the river is low, as shown in  FIGS. 7 and 9 . The second fish ladder facility  130  comprises the weir  131  blocking the bypass channel, inclined channel  133  from the weir  131  to downstream, and movement passage  137  in pipe shape formed inside bottom of said weir  131 . 
         [0049]    The inclined channel  133  is so installed that upstream water is discharged naturally through the inlet  132  of the weir  131  and the inclined channel  133 , and comb-like walls  135  are projected inwardly to the inclined channel  133  as well as the comb-like walls  135  which are installed at a predetermined interval in the circumferential wall  134 . 
         [0050]    It is preferable that the comb-wall  135 , as shown in  FIG. 6 , is formed to be bent in order that water from upstream flows through, the inclined channel and conflicts in the comb-like walls  135 , and it loses the water pressure and flow rate thereby homing instinct fishes can easily move through the upstream channel  133 . 
         [0051]    In addition, since water flows following the comb-like walls  135  bent, the homing instinct fishes can rest on the back-side of the comb-like walls  135 . And, the effect of reducing the stress due to the pressure reduction can reduce a large maintenance cost by the structure of the comb-like walls  135 . 
         [0052]    Then, the bottom of the inclined channel  133  has moving groove  136  a depth of 15 cm and a width of 15 cm, at the bottom of the moving groove  136 , artificial plants  140  are planted. 
         [0053]    In addition, the flow channel  137  which is embedded in a beam diameter of approximately 15 cm is formed on the lower inner side of the weir  131  is to make it easy for homing fishes to go up. That is, as shown in  FIG. 7 , when the fish can be moved to the upstream by swimming in the upstream flow, fishes can be out from channel exit  139  back through the flow channel  137  to enter the flow channel inlet  138  downstream. 
         [0054]    At this time, as can be seen from  FIG. 7  and  FIG. 8 , flow channel  137  can be configured in a continuous zigzag manner inside the beam  131 , thus the pressure and flow rate of the water flowing downstream through the flow channel  137 , slowly as possible so that the fish can be easily traced back upstream through the flow channel  137 . 
         [0055]    Wherein, the flow channel  137  is four at the top when installed 30 cm interval based on the compensation 150 cm core. Thus, the depth of the upper beam, the functionality is maintained even in the dry season of 30 cm water depth. And, since the opening and closing device (not shown), the outlet flow channel  139  of the flow channel in the figure although not shown, only when the dry season to maintain the opening even by opening the device. 
         [0056]    The said switching apparatus can be in many forms, for example, can be configured in the slide guide grooves in the flow channel exit both sides, and the blocking plate to configure the switching device to block the flow channel  137  by inserting the slide guide groove. The switching device is not limited to the form because it can be configured in various forms. 
         [0057]    In addition, the upstream flow channel outlet  139  is located 1˜3 m above the horizontal line, vertical facility to install the same manhole facility (not shown) and a weir of 30 m height, to prevent clogging of the flow channel outlet  139 , so preventing the earth and sand settling it is desirable to equip. 
         [0058]    In addition, although not shown in the drawing, preferably together constituting the moving the moving path  137  of the passage exit  139  side (in  FIGS. 7 and 8 , flow channel outlet side portion formed in a straight line in the submerged weir bottom) in a zigzag form, when opened the flow channel  137  in dry season to flow along the upstream through flow channel  137 , the flow rate and the water passes through the flow channel exit  139  side of the zigzag parts is reduced, thus homing fishes can go back upstream more easily. 
         [0059]    Homing distinct fishes can be protected and the ecosystem by making it easy to climb easily even upstream by a second facility  130  configured as described above is formed even when the river is running out of water. 
         [0060]    Moreover, river bypass channel type according to the present invention has been described by using fish ladder facility. Technical configuration of the invention it will be appreciated that a person skilled in the art may be embodied in other specific forms without changing the technical spirit or essential characteristics. Thus, the embodiments described above are intended to be illustrative in all respects and should be understood as not to limiting the scope of the present invention is represented by the claims below rather than the foregoing description, the meaning of the claims and range, and all such modifications as would be derived from the equivalent concepts will be understood to fall within the scope of the invention.