Abstract:
A redundant semiconductor memory capable of functioning normally on the whole even if two column (or row) lines do not function normally. The semiconductor memory includes primary and secondary selection circuits, primary and secondary switchover circuits, and (N+2) memory cell groups. The primary switchover circuit receives a decoded address signal of N bits for selecting one memory sell group, and outputs to the secondary switchover circuit a signal of (N+1) bits which is generated by inserting a bit into a position of the inputted decoded address signal specified by the primary selection circuit. The secondary switchover circuit outputs to the memory cell groups a signal of (N+2) bits which is generated by inserting a bit into a position of the inputted signal specified by the secondary selection circuit.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The present invention relates to a semiconductor memory including a redundant circuit for saving a defective cell or the like. 
     2. Description of the Related Art 
     Some semiconductor memories such as DRAMs (Dynamic Random Access Memories) include a circuit (hereinafter termed a redundant circuit) for changing a corresponding relationship between a preparatory memory cell, an address and a memory cell so that the memory is capable of operating as a memory device even if some of the memory cells do not normally function. 
     Circuits known as redundant circuits used in the above-described semiconductor memory may employ ATD (Address Transition Detector) or use a circuit called a shift redundant circuit. The redundant circuit using ATD is complicated in terms of circuit construction and takes much time till column lines are activated. Hence, semiconductor memories using the shift redundant circuits have become increasingly popular, and can be actualized with simple circuit constructions and are fast in activating the column lines. 
     Hereinafter, the configuration and operation of the prior art shift redundant circuit will be outlined with reference to FIG. 13. 
     As depicted in the Figure, the redundant circuit is mainly constructed of a Y-address decoder 10, a selection circuit 15, a column line switchover circuit 20, a column driver 40. 
     The Y-address decoder 10 includes M input terminals (unillustrated) to which the column address AY is inputted, and N (=2 M ) NAND gates 11 1  -11 N . Provided between the input terminals and the respective NAND gates 11 are a multiplicity of logic gates (not shown) for making one NAND gate 11, corresponding to AY, output a signal of the &#34;L&#34; level. 
     The selection circuit 15 is constructed of fuses 16 1  -16 N  a latch circuit 17. The fuses 16 1  -16 N  are connected in series, and the latch circuit 17 is connected to the fuse 16 N . BSEL, a signal the level of which is varied from &#34;H&#34; to &#34;L&#34; when the semiconductor memory is accessed, is inputted to the fuse 16 1 . BSEL is also inputted to the latch circuit 17. The latch circuit 17 is constructed so as to output a signal, the level of which is varied corresponding to BSEL, toward the fuse 16 N  when no fuse 16 is disconnected, and to output &#34;H&#34; level signal when a fuse 16 is disconnected. 
     The column line switchover circuit 20 is constructed of inverters 21 1  -21 N , inverter 22 1  -22 N , NMOS transistors (occasionally called NMOSes hereafter) 23 1  -23 N , NMOSes 24 1  -24 N , PMOS transistors (occasionally called PMOSes hereafter) 25 1  -25 N-1 , and PMOSes 26 1  -26 N+1 . An input terminal of the inverter 21 K  (K=1 to N-1) is connected to a connecting portion between the fuse 16 K  and the fuse 16 K+1  in the selection circuit 15. Further, an input terminal of the inverter 21 N  is connected to a connecting portion between the fuse 16 N+1  and the circuit 17. 
     The output terminal of the inverter 21 K  (K=1 to N) is connected to the gate of PMOS 23 K , the gate of PMOS 26 K  and the input terminal of the inverter 22 K . The output terminal of the inverter 22 K  is connected to the gate of PMOS 24 K  and the gate of PMOS 25 K+1 . The source of NMOS 23 K  (K=1 to N) is connected to the source of NMOS 24 K . A signal from NAND gate 11 K  in the address decoder 10 is inputted to a connecting portion therebetween. 
     The source of PMOS 25 K  (K=1 to N+1) is connected to the power supply line (indicated by an arrowhead in the Figure). The drain of PMOS 26 1  is connected to the drain of NMOS 23 1 , and the drain of PMOS 26 K  (K=2 to N) is connected to the drain of NMOS 23 K  and to the drain of NMOS 24 K-1 . Further, the drain of PMOS 26 N+1  is connected to a drain of NMOS 24 N . Then, &#34;N+1&#34; signals are obtained from connecting portions relating to the sources of NMOS transistors 26 1  -26 N  and are fed to the column driver 40. 
     The column driver 40 is constructed of &#34;N+1&#34; circuits each of which consists of a PMOS transistor (occasionally called simply a PMOS) 41 and an inverter 42 . The source of PMOS 41 K  (K=1 to N+1) is connected to the power supply line. The drain and the gate of PMOS 41 K  are connected respectively to the input terminal and output terminal of the inverter 42 K  and the output of the inverter 42 K  is supplied to a column selection switch SW K  for controlling a column line CL K . 
     That is, when this semiconductor memory is accessed, the selection circuit 15 outputs &#34;N&#34; &#34;L&#34; or &#34;H&#34; level signals in accordance with the condition of the fuses 16. For example, when the fuse 16 p  is disconnected, the selection circuit 15 feeds &#34;P-1&#34; individual &#34;L&#34; level signals to the inverters 21 1  -21 P-1  and &#34;N-p+1&#34; individual &#34;H&#34; level signals to the inverters 21 p  -21 N . 
     As a result, NMOSes 23 1  -23 p-1 , to the gates of which &#34;H&#34; level signals are inputted, are turned ON. Turned OFF, further, are NMOSes 24 1  -24 p-1 , to the gates of which the signals (&#34;L&#34; level signals) are inputted from the inverter 22 1  -22 p-1 . Besides, NMOSes 23p-23 N , to the gates of which the &#34;L&#34; level signals are inputted, are turned OFF and NMOSes 24p-24 N , to the gates of which &#34;H&#34; level signals are inputted, are turned ON. 
     Accordingly, the signals from the NAND gates 11 1  -11 P-1  in the Y-address decoder 10 are supplied to the inverters 42 1  -42 p-1  in the column decoder 40 via NMOSes 23 1  -23 p-1  respectively. Moreover, the signals from the NAND gates 11 p  -11 N  are supplied to the inverters 42 p+1  -42 N+1  in the column decoder 40 via NMOS 24 p  -24 N  respectively. 
     In all, when a fuse 16 p  is disconnected, the signals from the NAND gates 11 1  -11 P-1  are supplied respectively to the column selection switches SW 1  -SW p-1  for the column lines CL 1  -CL p-1 , and the signals from the NAND gates 11 p  -11 N  are supplied respectively to the column selection switches SW p+1  -SW N+1  for the column lines CL p+1  -CL N  and the redundant column line RCL. That is, the semiconductor memory functions without activating the memory cells connected to the column line CL p . 
     Thus, the semiconductor memory has a construction which enables it to function normally even if there are defective memory cells. There arises, however, a problem inherent in the redundant circuit having the construction described above, wherein only one column line provided in the semiconductor memory can be saved. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a semiconductor memory capable of operating normally even when two column (or row) lines do not normally function. 
     To accomplish the above object, according to the present invention, a semiconductor memory is constructed of (N+2) memory cell groups, an address decoder, a primary selection signal outputting circuit, a secondary selection signal outputting circuit, a first switchover circuit and a second switchover circuit. (N+2) memory cell groups are connected first through (N+2)th control signal lines, respectively. The memory cell groups are turned ON when first potential level signals are supplied to the first through (N+2)th control signal lines. The address decoder outputs first through Nth control signals, one of which assumes the first potential level and the rest of which assume a second potential level, on the basis of inputted address signals. 
     The primary selection signal outputting circuit outputs first signal level signals as first through Pth primary selection signals, and outputs second signal level signals as (P+1)th through Nth primary selection signals. The primary selection signal outputting circuit is so constructed as to be capable of setting a value of P. The secondary selection signal outputting circuit, capable of setting a value of Q, outputs the first signal level signals as first through Qth secondary selection signals, and outputs the second signal level signals as (Q+1)th through (N+1)th secondary selection signals. 
     The first switchover circuit has first through (N+1)th primary control signal output nodes and first through Nth primary control signal input nodes to which the first through Nth control signals are inputted from the address decoder. The first switchover circuit electrically connects the first through Pth primary control signal input nodes respectively to said first through Pth primary control signal output nodes in accordance with the first through Nth primary selection signals from the primary selection signal outputting circuit. Besides, the first switchover circuit electrically connects the (P+1)th through Nth primary control signal nodes respectively to the (P+2)th through (N+1)th primary control signal output nodes. Furthermore, the first switchover circuit outputs the second potential level signals to the (P+1)th primary control signal output nodes. 
     The secondary switchover circuit has first through (N+2)th secondary control signal output nodes connected to the first through (N+2)th control signal lines and first through (N+1)th secondary control signal input nodes connected to the first through (N+1)th primary control signal output nodes of the primary switchover circuit. The secondary switchover circuit electrically connects the first through Qth secondary control signal input nodes respectively to the first through Qth control signal output nodes, and electrically connects the (Q+1)th through (N+1)th secondary control signal input nodes respectively to the (Q+2)th through (N+2)th secondary control signal output nodes, and outputs the second potential level signal to the (Q+1)th secondary control signal output node in accordance with the first through (N+1)th secondary selection signals given from the secondary selection signal outputting circuit. 
     According to the thus constructed semiconductor memory, a combination of N memory cell groups which are accessed is able to be changed by setting P and Q. Therefore the semiconductor memory is capable of operating normally even when two memory cell groups (two column or row lines) do not normally function. 
     Actualization of the semiconductor memory according to the present invention involves the use of the primary switchover circuits which includes first through Nth normality NMOSes and first through Nth redundancy NMOSes, and the secondary switchover circuits which includes first through (N+1)th normality NMOSes and first through (N+1)th redundancy NMOSes. 
     A Kth (K=1 to N) normality NMOS in the primary switchover circuit electrically connects the Kth primary control signal input node to the Kth primary control signal output node when the Kth primary selection signal assumes the first signal level. A Kth redundancy NMOS in the primary switchover circuit electrically connects the Kth primary control signal input node to the (K+1)th primary control signal output node when the Kth primary selection signal assumes the second signal level. 
     A Kth (K=1 to N+1) normality NMOS in the secondary switchover circuit electrically connects the Kth secondary control signal input node to the Kth secondary control signal output node when the Kth secondary selection signal assumes the first signal level. A Kth redundancy NMOS in the secondary switchover circuit electrically connects the Kth secondary control signal input node to the (K+1)th secondary control signal output node when the Kth secondary selection signal assumes the second signal level. 
     Moreover&#39; a circuit including a primary fuse circuit and a latch circuit may be adopted as the primary selection signal outputting circuit. The primary fuse circuit is constructed of first through Nth primary fuses connected in series, to which a selection signal generating signal the level of which changes in terms of time is inputted from the first primary fuse. The primary latch circuit, which is connected to said Nth primary fuse of the primary fuse circuit, outputs the second signal level signal to the Nth primary fuse when one of the first through Nth primary fuses is disconnected, and outputs a signal having the same level as the selection signal generating signal to said Nth primary fuse when the first through Nth primary fuses are not yet disconnected. Note that the first through Nth primary selection signals are fetched out of terminals, on the side of the primary latch circuit, of the first through Nth primary fuses. 
     Furthermore, a circuit including a secondary fuse circuit and a secondary latch circuit may be used as the secondary selection signal outputting circuit. 
     The secondary fuse circuit is constructed of first through Nth secondary fuses connected in series, to which the selection signal generating signal is inputted from the first fuse. 
     The secondary latch circuit, which is connected to said (N+1)th secondary fuse of the secondary fuse circuit, outputs the second signal level signal to the (N+1)th primary fuse when one of the first through (N+1)th secondary fuses is disconnected, and outputs a signal having the same level as the selection signal generating signal to the (N+1)th secondary fuse when the first through (N+1)th secondary fuses are not yet connected. The first through (N+1)th secondary selection signals are fetched out of terminals, on the side of the secondary latch circuit, of the first through (N+1)th secondary fuses. 
     When constructing the primarily switchover circuit with using NMOSes, first through Nth normality PMOSes and first through Nth redundant PMOSes may be added to the primarily switchover circuit. 
     The Kth (K=1 to N) normality PMOS, having a drain and a gate that are connected to the drain and the source of the Kth normality NMOS, is brought into ON-status when the Kth primary selection signal with the first signal level is fed. The Kth redundancy PMOS, having a drain and a gate that are connected to the drain and the gate of the Kth normality NMOS, is brought into ON-status when the Kth primary selection signal with the second signal level is fed. 
     Furthermore, first through (N+1)th normality PMOSes and first through (N+1)th redundant PMOSes may be added to the secondary switchover circuit. 
     The Kth (K=1 to N+1) normality PMOS, having a drain and gate that are connected to the drain and the source of the Kth normality NMOS, is brought into ON-status when the Kth secondary selection signal with the first signal level is fed. The Kth redundancy PMOS, having a drain and a source that are connected to the drain and the source of the Kth normality NMOS, is brought into ON-status when the Kth primary selection signal with the second signal level is fed. 
     When constructing the first and/or secondary switchover circuit by adding PMOSes, a semiconductor memory which operates with a high speed is actualized. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent during the following discussion in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: 
     FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram showing a redundant circuit provided in a semiconductor memory in a first embodiment; 
     FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram illustrating a latch circuit provided in the redundant circuit in the first embodiment; 
     FIG. 3 is a timing chart of assistance in explaining BSEL; 
     FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of assistance in explaining the operation of the redundant circuit when fuse is not yet disconnected; 
     FIGS. 5(a)-5(g) form a timing chart of assistance in explaining the operation of the redundant circuit the fuse is not yet disconnected; 
     FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram of assistance in explaining the operation of the redundant circuit one fuse is disconnected; 
     FIGS. 7(a)-7(f) form a timing chart of assistance in explaining the operation of the redundant circuit when one fuse is disconnected; 
     FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram of assistance in explaining the operation of the redundant circuit when two fuses are disconnected; 
     FIGS. 9(a)-9(f) form a timing chart of assistance in explaining the operation of the redundant circuit when the two fuses are disconnected. 
     FIG. 10 is a block diagram of assistance in explaining the operation of the redundant circuit when the two fuses, relative to two column lines that are not adjacent to each other, are disconnected; 
     FIG. 11 is a circuit showing the redundant circuit provided in the semiconductor memory in a second embodiment; 
     FIG. 12 is a circuit diagram illustrating the redundant circuit provided in the semiconductor memory in a third embodiment; and 
     FIG. 13 is a circuit diagram illustrating a shift redundant circuit provided in a prior art semiconductor memory. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     Embodiments of the present invention will hereinafter be discussed with reference to the accompanying drawings. 
     First Embodiment 
     To begin with, an outline of a semiconductor memory in accordance with a first embodiment will be explained. 
     The semiconductor memory in the first embodiment has 4(N+2)×L memory cells arranged in a matrix consisting of L-rows and 4(N+2)-columns. The 4(N+2) memory cells corresponding to the respective rows are individually connected to a row line (word line). The row line is connected to a circuit constructed of a row driver and a row decoder. Inputted to this circuit is a row address AX defined as a part of an address to the semiconductor memory. Then, this circuit activates the memory cells connected to that row line by outputting a signal assuming a predetermined level. Note that the row lines (memory cells) are, though a specific explanation is omitted herein, classified into a plurality of groups, and one block is formed by the memory cells connected to the row lines belonging to the individual groups. 
     The memory cells in each block are respectively connected to the column lines (data lines). The 4(N+2) column lines are each connected to an I/O line via a column selection switch. Among the memory cells connected to the activated row line, a memory cell connected to the column line having a column selection switch controlled in an ON-status is electrically connected to the I/O line. 
     According to the semiconductor memory in this embodiment, 8(=4×2) column lines among the 4(N+2) column lines are used, if one (or two) of the remaining column lines does not operate normally, for saving this column line. Then, the present semiconductor memory is provided with a redundant circuit, illustrated in FIG. 1, for executing the above saving treatment by effecting ON-OFF control of the column selection switches. 
     As depicted in the Figure, the redundant circuit is mainly constructed of a Y-address decoder 10, a selection circuit 15, a first column line switchover circuit 20, a second column line switchover circuit 30, a column driver 40 and a column group selection circuit 45. 
     The Y-address decoder 10 includes M input terminals (unillustrated) to which some bits (designated by AY&#39; in the Figure) of the column address AY are inputted, and N (=2 M ) of NAND gates 11 1  -11 N . Specifically, the Y-address decoder 10 has 6 input terminals to which the second through seventh bits of the column address AY are inputted, and 64 of NAND gates 11. 
     Provided between the input terminals and the respective NAND gates 11 are a multiplicity of logic gates (not shown) for outputting signals each taking the &#34;L&#34; (&#34;O&#34;) level from only the NAND gates corresponding to contents of the 6-bit AY&#39; address group inputted from the 6 input terminals. Provided between, for example, the NAND gate 11 1  and the input terminals are the logic gates for generating the AND (AY234) of values of the second through fourth bits of the column address AY, and the AND (AY567) of values of the fifth through seventh bits. Therefore, the NAND gate 11 1  outputs &#34;0&#34; only when all the values of the second through seventh bits of the column address AY are &#34;1&#34;, and outputs &#34;1&#34; (the signal assuming the &#34;H&#34; level) in other cases. Provided further between the NAND gate 11 N  and the input terminals are the logic gates for generating the AND (AY234) of inverted values of the second through fourth bits of AY, and the AND (AY567) of inverted values of the fifth through seventh bits. Hence, the NAND gate 11 N  outputs &#34;O&#34; only when all the values of the second through seventh bits of the column address AY are &#34;O&#34;, and outputs &#34;1&#34; in other cases. 
     Thus, the Y-address decoder 10 is constructed so that when AY (AY&#39;) is inputted, one NAND gate 11, corresponding to AY&#39;, among the NAND gates 11 1  -11 N  outputs the signal of the &#34;L&#34; level, while the NAND gates 11 other than the above-mentioned one output signals of the &#34;H&#34; level. 
     The selection circuit 15 is constructed of fuses 16 1  -16 N , fuses 18 1  -18 N+1 , a latch circuit 17 and a latch circuit 19. As illustrated in the Figure, the fuses 16 1  -16 N  are connected in series, and the latch circuit 17 is connected to the fuse 16 N . The fuses 18 1  -18 N+1  are also connected in series, and the latch circuit 19 is connected to the fuse 18 N+1 . Then, block selection signals (BSEL) are inputted to the fuses 16 1  and 18 1  and the latch circuits 17 and 19. 
     FIG. 2 illustrates a configuration of the latch circuit 17 (19). As shown in FIG. 2, the latch circuit 17 (19) is constructed of inverters 61, 64 and a PMOS (P channel metal-oxide semiconductor transistor) 62 and a PMOS 63. The drain of the PMOS 63 is connected to the drain of the PMOS 62 and to the input terminal of the inverter 61. The output terminal of the inverter 61 is connected to the gate of the PMOS 62. The output of the inverter 64, to which BSEL is inputted, is connected to the gate of the PMOS 63. The sources of the PMOS 62 and of the PMOS 63 are connected to a power supply line (indicated by an arrowhead in the Figure). Then, the drains of the PMOS 62 and of the PMOS 63 and the input terminal of the inverter 61 are connected to the fuse 16 N  (or the fuse 18 N+1 ). 
     Herein, an outline of BSEL is described with reference to FIG. 3. As has already been explained, in the semiconductor memory in the embodiment, the memory cells (row lines) are divided into a plurality of blocks. BSEL is a signal for selecting one block corresponding to a row address AX, and is, as shown in the Figure, generated based on a row address strobe RAS and the row address AX. Note that the signal BSEL is, when selected, a signal taking the &#34;L&#34; (0) level, and AY is, after BSEL has assumed the &#34;L&#34; level, inputted to the Y-address decoder 10. 
     Referring back to FIG. 1, the explanation of the construction of the redundant circuit will continue. 
     The first column line switchover circuit 20 is constructed of inverters 21 1  -21 N , inverters 22 1  -22 N , NMOSes 23 1  -23 N , NMOSes 24 1  -24 N , PMOSes 25 1  -25 N+1 , and PMOSes 26 1  -26 N+1 . 
     The input terminal of the inverter 21 K  (K=1 to N-1) is connected to a connecting portion between the fuse 16K and the fuse 16 K+1  in the selection circuit 15. Further, the input terminal of the inverter 21 N  is connected to a connecting portion between the fuse 16 N+1  and the latch circuit 17. 
     The output terminal of the inverter 21 K  (K=1 to N) is connected to the gate of PMOS 23 K , the gate of PMOS 26 K  and the input terminal of the inverter 22 K . The output terminal of the inverter 22 K  is connected to the gate of PMOS 25 K+1 . The source of NMOS 23 K  (K=1 to N) is connected to the source of NMOS 24 K . Then, signals from NAND gates 11 K  in the address decoder 17 is inputted to connecting portions therebetween. 
     The source of PMOS 25 K  (K=1 to N+1) is connected to the power supply line (indicated by an arrowhead in the Figure), and the drain of PMOS 26 1  is connected to the drain of NMOS 23 1 , and the drain of PMOS 26 K  (K=2 to N) is connected to the drain of NMOS 23 K  and to the drain of NMOS 24 K-1 . Further, the drain of PMOS 26 N+1  is connected to the drain of NMOS 24 N . 
     Then, signals to the second column line switchover circuit 30 are obtained from the connecting portions of the sources of those PMOSes 26 1  -26 N . 
     The second column line switchover circuit 30 has, as will be obvious from the Figure, substantially the same construction as that of the first column line switchover circuit 20. The second column line switchover circuit 30, however, includes (N+1) of inverters 31 1  -31 N+1  for receiving the signals from the selection circuit 15. Moreover, the sources of NMOSes 33 and of NMOSes 34 corresponding respectively to NMOSes 23 and NMOSes 24 are connected to not the Y-address decoder 10 but the first column line switchover circuit 20. Then &#34;N+2&#34; signals to the column driver 40 are obtained from the drains of NMOSes 36 1  -36 N+1  corresponding to NMOSes 26. 
     The column driver 40 is constructed of &#34;N+2&#34; circuits, each of which consists of a PMOS 41 and an inverter 42. The source of PMOS 41 K  (K=1 to N+2) is connected to the power supply line, and the drain and the gate of PMOS 41 K  are connected respectively to the input terminal and output terminal of the inverter 42 K . 
     A signal from a connecting portion at the drain of PMOS 36 K  (K=1 to N+2), within the second column switchover circuit 30, is inputted to the input terminal of the inverter 42 K  connected to the drain of PMOS 41 K , and the inverter 42 K  outputs a signal opposite in level from the inputted signal. 
     The column group selection circuit 45 is chiefly constructed of NAND gates 46 Z .sbsb.-- K  and inverters 47 Z .sbsb.-- K  (Z=A to D, K=1 to N+2). The output terminal of the inverter 42 K  (K=1 to N+2) within the column driver 40 is connected to one input terminal of each of four NAND gates 46 Z .sbsb.-- K  (Z=A to D). Inputted respectively to the other input terminals of the NAND gates 46 Z .sbsb.-- K  are AYO1, AYO1, AYO1, AYO1 generated based on the 0th and first bits of the column address AY. The output terminal of the NAND gates 46 Z .sbsb.-- K  is connected to the input terminal of the inverter 47 Z .sbsb.-- K , and the output of the inverter 47 Z .sbsb.-- K  is supplied to the column selection switch SW Z .sbsb.-- K  connected to a column line CL Z .sbsb.-- K . 
     For instance, if the values of both the 0th bit and the first bit of the column address AY are &#34;1&#34; (&#34;H&#34; level), &#34;O&#34; is inputted to the NAND gates 46 Z .sbsb.-- K  (Z≠A, K=1 to N+2) from one input terminal. Therefore, these NAND gates 46 output the signals of the &#34;H&#34; level invariably without depending on the signals from the column driver 40. As a result, the inverters 47 Z .sbsb.-- K  (Z≠A, K=1 to N+2) output signals of the &#34;L&#34; level. Further, in this case, it follows that the &#34;H&#34; level signals from the column driver 40 are inputted to the NAND gates 46 A .sbsb.-- K  (K=1 to N+2). Hence, the NAND gates 46 A .sbsb.-- K  output inverted signals of the signals from the column driver 40, while the inverters 47 A .sbsb.-- K  output the same level signal as the signals from the column driver 40. 
     Thus, the column group selection circuit 45 supplies &#34;N+2&#34; binary signals to &#34;N+2&#34; column selection switches SW belonging to the groups corresponding to contents of the 0th and first bits of the column address AY, and supplies the &#34;L&#34; level signals respectively to the remaining column selection switches belonging to the groups other than the above-mentioned. 
     A method of using the semiconductor memory (redundant circuit) and the operation thereof in the embodiment will hereinafter be described specifically. Explained at first with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5 is the operation in a status where the fuses are not disconnected, i.e., in the status where the column lines need not be saved and also the status of checking for determining whether or not the column lines should be saved. 
     Incidentally, FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the circuit illustrated in FIG. 3 in addition to an illustration of signal paths. Referring to FIG. 4, however, the column lines CL Z .sbsb.-- K  (K=1 to N+2) belonging to the column group selected by the column group selection circuit 45, are respectively designated by CL 1  -CL N , RCL 1 , and RCL 2 , and therefore the column group selection circuit is omitted. Further, FIG. 5 is a timing chart for assistance in explaining the operation when a fuse is not yet disconnected. 
     When control signals and an address are inputted to the semiconductor memory, as already explained, the BSEL level changes from the &#34;H&#34; level to the &#34;L&#34; level. Since the sources of PMOSes 62 in the latch circuits 17, 19 are connected to the BSEL output source via the fuses 16, 18 in this case, the &#34;H&#34; level signals latched by the latch circuits 17, 19 are cleared with the change of BSEL. Accordingly, the selection circuit 15 outputs totally &#34;2N+1&#34; signals, the levels of which change with a time in the same way as BSEL does, to the first and second column line switchover circuits 20, 30. 
     That is, as shown in FIGS. 5(a)-5(c), when BSEL assumes the &#34;L&#34; level in the status where no fuse is disconnected, the &#34;L&#34; level signals are inputted respectively to the inverters 21 1  -21 N  of the first column line switchover circuit 20 and to the inverters 31 1  -31 N+1  of the second column line switchover circuit 30. As a result, &#34;H&#34; level signals are inputted to the gates of NMOSes 23 1  -23 N , whereby NMOSes 23 1  -23 N  are turned ON. Turned OFF, further, are NMOSes 24 1  -24 N  to which the signals (&#34;L&#34; level signals) are inputted from the inverters 22 1  -22 N . 
     Accordingly, the signal from the NAND gate 11 K  (K=1 to N) in the Y-address decoder 10 is supplied via NMOS 23 K  to a connecting portion at the sources of NMOS 33 K  and NMOS 34 K  in the second column line switchover circuit 30. Then, NMOS 33 K  and NMOS 34 K  within the second column line switchover circuit 30 are, because of the inverter 31 K  being supplied with the &#34;L&#34; level signal, respectively controlled in the ON/OFF statuses. Therefore, the signal supplied to the second column line switchover circuit 20 from the NAND gate 11 K  (K-1 to N) is supplied via NMOS 33 K  to the inverter 42 K  in the column driver 40. 
     In all, when no fuse is disconnected, the signal from the NAND gate 11 K  (K=1 to N) is, as indicated by bold lines in FIG. 4, inputted to the inverter 42 K  in the column driver 40 via NMOS 23 K  and NMOS 33 K . Furthermore, as has already been explained, when AY&#39; with a certain content is inputted, an &#34;L&#34; level signal is outputted from only one NAND gate 11 corresponding to AY&#39;. Accordingly, the &#34;L&#34; level signal is supplied to only one inverter 42 among the inverters 42 1  -42 N , while other inverters 42 are supplied with &#34;H&#34; level signals. 
     For example, if the second through seventh bits of the column address AY are all &#34;1&#34;, as indicated in FIGS. 5(d) and 5(e), an &#34;L&#34; level signal is outputted from only the NAND gates 11 1  in the Y-address decoder 10. Hence, as shown in FIG. 5(f), an &#34;H&#34; level signal is outputted from the inverter 42 1 . &#34;L&#34; level signals are outputted from the inverters 42 2  -42 N  to which the corresponding NAND gates 11 output the &#34;H&#34; level signals. 
     Moreover, the gate of PMOS 26 N+1  in the first column line switchover circuit 20 is grounded, and PMOS 25 N+1  is controlled in the ON-status by the signals given from the selection circuit 15. Therefore, an &#34;H&#34; level signal is supplied to the connecting portion between the sources of NMOS 33 N+1  and NMOS 34 N+1  in the second column line switchover circuit 30. Subsequently, NMOS 33 N+1  is also controlled in the ON-status by the signal from the selection circuit 15, and therefore it follows that the inverter 42 N+1  is supplied with an &#34;H&#34; level signal. Similarly, both of PMOS 35 N+2  and PMOS 36 N+2  are in the ON-status, and hence an &#34;H&#34; level signal is supplied to the inverter 42 N+2  from the drain of PMOS 36 N+2 . 
     In all, if the second through seventh bits of the column address AY are all &#34;1&#34;, as indicated in FIG. 5(g), it follows that &#34;L&#34; level signals are outputted from all the inverters 42 excluding the inverter 42 1 . Subsequently, &#34;N+2&#34; signals from the inverters 42 1  -42 N+2  are supplied respectively to the column selection switches SW 1  to SW N+2  connected to the column lines CL 1  -CL N , RCL 1  and RCL 2 . As a result, only the memory cells corresponding to the column line CL 1  are electrically connected to the I/O line. 
     As discussed above, in the status where no fuse is disconnected, the column selection switches SW N+1  and SW N+2  connected to redundant column lines RCL 1  and RCL 2  are controlled in the OFF-status, and only the column selection switch connected to one of the column lines CL 1  -CL N  is controlled in the ON-status, corresponding to AY&#39;. 
     Note that the gate of PMOS 25 1  in the first column line switchover circuit 20 is grounded, and that the outputs of the inverters 22 1  -22 N-1  are inputted respectively to the gates of PMOS 25 2  -PMOS 25 N . Therefore, when &#34;L&#34; level signals are inputted to the inverters 21 1  -21 N , all of PMOSes 25 are controlled in the ON-status. However, the outputs of the inverters 21 1  -21 N  are inputted to the gates of PMOS 26 1  -PMOS 26 N  connected to PMOS 25 1  -PMOS 25 N , and therefore PMOS 26 1  -PMOS 26 N  are controlled in the OFF-status. For this reason, a module consisting of PMOS 25 K  and PMOS 26 K  (K=1 to N) exerts no influence upon the signals to the second column line switchover circuit 30. 
     Hereinafter, the operation of the redundant circuit in the status where a single fuse is disconnected will be explained with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7 by exemplifying a case where the column line CL N  is abnormal. 
     In this case, as schematically illustrated in FIG. 6, the semiconductor memory is used after disconnecting the fuse 16 N  corresponding to the column line CL N . 
     When the signals for accessing a memory cell are inputted to the semiconductor memory in which the fuse 16 N  is disconnected, the signals latched by the latch circuit 17 are not cleared even if BSEL changes from &#34;H&#34; to &#34;L&#34;. Therefore, the latch circuit 17, even when BSEL is at the &#34;L&#34; level, continues to output the &#34;H&#34; level signals. On the other hand, the output of the latch circuit 19, when BSEL changes to &#34;L&#34;, also changes to &#34;L&#34; as in the case of a fuse being not yet disconnected. As a consequence of this, as shown in FIGS. 7(a)-7(c), after BSEL has changed to &#34;L&#34;, the inverter 21 N  in the first column line switchover circuit 20 is supplied with the &#34;H&#34; level signal, and the inverters 21 excluding the inverters 21 N  and the inverters 31 within the second column line switchover circuit 30 are all supplied with &#34;L&#34; level signals. 
     More specifically, MOSes and the inverters with suffixes of 1 to N-1 respectively operate in the same manner as when fuses are not yet disconnected, and, as a result of this, the column selection switches SW to the column lines CL 1  -CL N-1  are supplied with inverted signals of the signals transmitted from the NAND gates 11 1  -11 N-1 . 
     On the other hand, when BSEL becomes &#34;L&#34;, NMOS 23 N  and NMOS 24 N  relative to the inverter 21 N  respectively take the OFF-and ON-statuses reversely to the not-yet-disconnected case of the fuses. Further, PMOS 26 N  and PMOS 25 N+1  also respectively take the OFF- and ON-statuses reversely to the not-yet-disconnected case of the fuses. As a result, the signal from the NAND gate 11 N  is transmitted to the NMOS 24 N  in the first column line switchover circuit 20 and supplied to the connecting portion between the sources of NMOS 33 N+1  and NMOS 34 N+1  within the second column line switchover circuit 30. Then, MOSes in the second column line switchover circuit 30 are controlled in the same status as the not-yet-disconnected case of the fuses, and hence the signals supplied to the connecting portion between the sources of NMOS 33 N+1  and NMOS 34 N+1  are fed to the inverter 42 N+1  via NMOS 33 N+1 . That is, when disconnecting the fuse 16 N , the signal from the NAND circuit 11 N  is, as indicated by a bold line in FIG. 6, supplied to the inverter 42 N+1  connected to the column selection switch SW for the redundant column line RCL 1 . 
     Further, since PMOS 26 N  is brought into the ON-status by the signal from the inverter 21 N , a signal not from the NAND gate 11 N  but from the source of PMOS 26 N  is inputted to the connecting portion between the sources of NMOS 33 N  and NMOS 34 N  within the second column line switchover circuit 30. Then, NMOS 33 N  is controlled in the ON-status by the signal from the inverter 31 N , and hence the signal supplied to the connecting portion between the sources of NMOS 33 N  and NMOS 34 N  is inputted to the inverter 42 N  via NMOS 33 N . That is, the column selection switch SW N  connected to the column line CL N  is always supplied with a &#34;L&#34; level signal. Subsequently, conditions about PMOS 35 N+2  and PMOS 36 N+2  within the second column line switchover circuit 30 remain unchanged as they are when a fuse is not yet disconnected. Therefore, the column switchover switch SW N+2  to the redundant column line RCL 2  is also supplied with an &#34;L&#34; level signal at all times. 
     Thus, in the case of only the fuse 16 N  being disconnected, the signal path is switched over so that the signal from the NAND gate 11 N  is supplied not to the inverter 42 N  but to the inverter 42 N+1 , and further the inverter 42 N  is always supplied with an &#34;L&#34; level signal. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 7(d), AY&#39; (ALL &#34;1&#34;) with a given content is inputted, and the output of the NAND gate 11 N  becomes &#34;L&#34;. In this case, as shown in FIGS. 7(e) and 7(f), only the inverter 42 N+1  outputs an &#34;H&#34; level signal, and, as a result, the memory cell connected not to the column line CL N  that does not normally function but to the redundant column line RCL 1  that normally functions (is sure to normally function), is connected to the I/O line. 
     Incidentally, though a specific explanation of a case where a fuse other than the fuse 16 N  is disconnected is omitted, as will be obvious from the description given above, when a fuse 16 p  (P≠N) is disconnected, the signals from the NAND gates 11 1  -11 p  are supplied respectively to the column selection switches SW 1  -SW p-1  for the column lines CL 1  -CL p-1 , and the signals from the NAND gates 11 p  -11 N  are supplied respectively to the column selection switches SW p+1  -SW N+1  for the column lines CL p+1-CL   N  and the redundant column line RCL 1 . Then, the column selection switches SW p  to the column line CL p  and the redundant column line RCL 2  are supplied with signals for controlling the switches in the off-status. 
     Further, when detecting two column lines that do not normally function as a result of performing an operation check, the semiconductor memory is used after the two fuses corresponding to these column lines have been disconnected. If the abnormality is recognized in, e.g., the column lines CL N-1  and CL N , as schematically shown in FIG. 8, there are disconnected a fuse 16 N-1  (unillustrated) corresponding to the column line CL N-1  and a fuse 18 N  corresponding to the column line CL N . 
     In the state where the fuse 16 N-1  and the fuse 18 N  are disconnected, both of the latch circuits 17 and 19, as a result of being supplied with BSEL that changes from &#34;H&#34; to &#34;L&#34;, do not output the &#34;L&#34; level signals even when BSEL comes to assume the &#34;L&#34; level. That is, as shown in FIGS. 9(a) and 9(b), when BSEL becomes &#34;L&#34;, the &#34;H&#34; level signals are supplied to the inverters 21 N-1 , 21 N  in the first column line switchover circuit 20 and to the inverters 31 N , 31 N+1  in the second column line switchover circuit 30. Further, as illustrated in FIG. 9(c), the inverters 21 and 31 exclusive of the above inverters are supplied with &#34;L&#34; level signals in accordance with the changes of BSEL. 
     Accordingly, the column selection switches for the column lines CL 1  -CL N-2  are, as in the not-yet-disconnected case of the fuses, respectively supplied with inverted signals of the signals transmitted from the NAND gates 11 1  -11 N-2 . 
     Further, MOSes relative to the inverter 21 N-1  and 21 N  are controlled in the same way as they were when disconnecting only the fuse 16 N  in the first column switchover circuit 20. Therefore, a module consisting of PMOS 25 N-1  and PMOS 26 N-1  supplies an &#34;H&#34; level signal to the sources of NMOS 33 N-1  and NMOS 34 N-1  in the second column line switchover circuit 30. Then, PMOS 33 N-1  and PMOS 34 N-1  are respectively controlled in the ON- and OFF statuses by the signal from the inverter 31 N-1 , and hence an &#34;H&#34; level signal from the drain of PMOS 26 N-1  is supplied to the inverter 42 N-1  for the column line CL N-1  via NMOS 33 N-1 . That is, the switch for the column line CL N-1  is always supplied with an &#34;L&#34; level signal without depending upon the output of the Y-address decoder 10. 
     Moreover, NMOS 36 N  comes into the ON-status by the &#34;L&#34; level signal from the inverter 31 N , and NMOS 35 N  also comes into the ON-status by an &#34;L&#34; level signal (the inverted signal of the output of the inverter 31 N-1 ) from the inverter 32 N-1 . Hence, the inverter 42 N  for the column line CL N  is always supplied with the &#34;L&#34; level signal. 
     Further, the signal from the NAND gate 11 N-1  is supplied to the connecting portion between the sources of NMOS 33 N  and-NMOS 34 N  in the second column line switchover circuit 30 via NMOS 24 N-1 . Subsequently, since the inverter 31 N  in the second column line switchover circuit 30 outputs an &#34;H&#34; level signal, NMOS 33 N  and NMOS 34 N  respectively take the OFF- and ON-statuses. Therefore, the signal supplied to the connecting portion between the sources of NMOS 33 N  and NMOS 34 N  is transferred toward NMOS 34 N  and supplied to the inverter 42 N+1  in the column driver 40. 
     The &#34;H&#34; level signal is, as in the case of the inverter 21 N-1 , inputted also to the inverter 21 N  in the first column line switchover circuit 20, and hence the signal from the NAND gate 11 N  is supplied to the connecting portion between the sources of NMOS 33 N+1  and NMOS 34 N+1  in the second column line switchover circuit 30. Subsequently, the thus supplied signal is transferred toward NMOS 34 N+1  controlled in the ON-status by the output of the inverter 32 N+1  and supplied to the inverter 42 N+2  in the column driver 40. 
     Thus if the fuse 16 N-1  and the fuse 18 N  are disconnected, the signal path is switched over so that the signals from the NAND gates 11 N-1 , 11 N  are supplied respectively to the inverters 42 N+1 , 42 N . Then, the inverters 42 N-1 , 42 N  are always supplied not with the signals from the NAND gate 11 but with &#34;H&#34; level signals. 
     Hence, as shown in FIGS. 9(d) and 9(e), AY&#39; (ALL &#34;1&#34;) with a given content is inputted, and only the output of the NAND gate 11 N  becomes &#34;L&#34;. In this case, as shown in FIG. 9(f), only the inverter 42 N+2  outputs an &#34;H&#34; level signal, and, as a result, the memory cells connected not to the column line CL N  that does not normally function but to the redundant column line RCL 2  that normally functions (is sure to normally function), are connected to the I/O line. 
     So far, there has been explained the operation of the redundant circuit in the case where two consecutive column lines should be saved. The column lines that can be saved by the present redundant circuit are not, however, limited to those that are consecutive. For instance, if the column lines CL N-2  and CL N  should be saved, the semiconductor memory may be used after disconnecting the fuses 16 N-2  and 18 N  in the redundant circuit. 
     When disconnecting these fuses, as schematically shown in FIG. 10, the first column line switchover circuit 20 outputs first through (N-3)th signals DE 1  -DE N-3  inputted from the Y-address decoder 10 respectively as first through (N-3)th signals SA 1  -SA N-2 . Further, the first column line switchover circuit 20 outputs (N-2)th through Nth signals DE N-2  -DE N  inputted from the Y-address decoder 10 respectively as (N-1)th through (N+1)th signals SA N-1  -SA N+1 , and outputs an &#34;H&#34; level signal as an (N-2)th signal SA N-3 . Further, the second column line switchover circuit 30 outputs the Nth and (N+1)th signals SA N , SA N+1  respectively as (N+1)th and (N+2)th signals SB N+1 , SB N+2 , and outputs an &#34;H&#34; level signal as an Nth signal SB N . 
     Then, the column driver 40 supplies inverted signals of the signals SB 1  -SB N+2  from the second column line switchover circuit 30 to the column selection switches SW for the column lines CL 1  -CL N  and the redundant column lines RCL 1 , RCL 2 . 
     Thus, the inverted signals of the signals DE 1  -DE N-3 , DE N-2 , DE N-1  and DE N  are supplied respectively to the column selection switches to the column lines CL 1  -CL N-3 , CL N-1 , and the redundant column lines RCL 1 , RCL 2 . The column lines CL N-2 , CL N  that do not normally function are eliminated by disconnecting the fuses 16 N-1 , 18 N   
     Second Embodiment 
     FIG. 11 illustrates the configuration of a redundant circuit for a semiconductor memory in the second embodiment. 
     As depicted in the Figure, the redundant circuit has a first column line switchover circuit 20&#39; constructed by adding PMOSes 27 K  and 28 K  (K=1 to N) to the first column line switchover circuit 20. The sources and drains of PMOS 27 K  and PMOS 28 K  (K=1 to N) are connected to the sources and the drains of PMOS 23 K  and PMOS 24 K , respectively. The gate of PMOS 28 K  is connected to the output terminal of the inverter 21 K  and the gate of PMOS 27 K  is connected to the output terminal of the inverter 22 K . 
     That is, the redundant circuit is so constructed as to feed a signal from NAND gate 11 K  to the second column line switchover circuit 30 via NMOS 23 K  and PMOS 27 K  when a &#34;L&#34; level signal is fed to the inverter 21 K . Moreover, the redundant circuit is so constructed as to feed a signal from NAND gate 11 K  to the second column line switchover circuit 30 via NMOS 24 K  and PMOS 28 k  when an &#34;H&#34; level signal is fed to the inverter 21 K . 
     Since the first column line circuit 20&#39; in this redundant circuit thus feeds signals from NAND gates 11 to the second column line switchover circuit 30 via two MOSes, a signal of power supply level (V CC ) is fed to the sources of NMOS 33 and NMOS 34 in the second column switchover circuit 30. Consequently, the semiconductor memory in the second embodiment functions at higher speeds in comparison with the semiconductor memory of the first embodiment in which a signal from NAND gate 11 is fed to the second column line switchover circuit 30 via one MOS, that is, the level of the signal fed to the second column line circuit is limited to &#34;V CC  -V T  &#34; (V T  being the threshold voltage of NMOSes). Besides, the semiconductor memory is capable of functioning stably with low V CC . 
     Third Embodiment 
     FIG. 12 illustrates the configuration of the redundant circuit provided for a semiconductor memory in the third embodiment. 
     As depicted in the Figure, the redundant circuit has a second column line switchover circuit 30&#39; constructed by adding PMOSes 37 K  and 38 K  (K=1 to N+1) to the second column line switchover circuit 30. The sources and drains of PMOS 37 K  and PMOS 38 K  are connected to the sources and the drains of PMOS 33 K  and PMOS 34 K , respectively. The gate of PMOS 38 K  is connected to the output terminal of the inverter 31 K  and the gate of PMOS 37 K  is connected to the output terminal of the inverter 32 K . 
     That is, the redundant circuit is so constructed as to feed a signal from the first column line switchover circuit 20&#39; to column driver 40 via NMOS 33 K  and PMOS 37 K  when an &#34;L&#34; level signal is fed to the inverter 31 K . Moreover, the redundant circuit is so constructed as to feed a signal from the first column line switchover circuit 20&#39; to the column driver 40 via NMOS 24 K  and PMOS 28 K  when an &#34;H&#34; level signal is fed to the inverter 31 K . 
     Since the second column line circuit 30&#39; in this redundant circuit thus feeds signals from the first column line circuit 20&#39; to the column driver 40 via two MOSes, signals of power supply level (V CC ) are fed to the inverters 42. Therefore, the semiconductor memory in this embodiment functions at higher speeds in comparison with the semiconductor memory of the second embodiment. 
     It is apparent that, in this invention, a wide range of different working modes can be formed based on the invention without deviating from the spirit and scope of the invention. This invention is not restricted by its specific working modes except being limited by the appended claims.