Abstract:
The invention relates to a device for explosive forming of workpieces, comprising an ignition chamber and an ignition mechanism, wherein an explosive agent can be ignited at an ignition location in the ignition chamber using the ignition mechanism, and an ignition chamber outlet is provided, to be improved such that the ignition mechanism has a longer service life. The aim is achieved by a device wherein an impact breaker is provided in the propagation path ( 37 ) of the detonation wave.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application is a National Entry Application of PCT/EP08/007,901, filed Sep. 19, 2008, which claims priority from German Patent Application Serial No. 102008006979.5, filed on Jan. 31, 2008, entitled “Vorrichtung far das Explosionsumformen” (Device For Explosive Forming), the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference for all purposes. 
     
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    The invention relates to a device for explosive forming. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0003]    A device of the above-mentioned class is described in WO 2006/128519. An ignition tube connects a detonation chamber inside a work piece with a gas supply, exhaust, and ignition device, wherein the ignition device is integrated in the ignition tube. The gas, oxyhydrogen in stoichiometric mixture with low oxygen excess, is ignited by the ignition tube arranged in the ignition device. The explosion of the gas develops a detonation wave, which forms the work piece and then wanes. 
         [0004]    Experience with similar devices has shown that the ignition device and/or the ignition mechanism get damaged by the explosive forming. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0005]    It is therefore the object of the invention to improve a device of the previously-mentioned class such that a good detonation wave can develop, that the explosion procedure can progress in a more orderly manner, and that the ignition mechanism has a longer service life. 
         [0006]    This objective is met by a device having the characteristics of claim  1  in accordance with the invention. 
         [0007]    The impact breaker provided in the propagation path of the detonation wave reduces the energy of the detonation wave, which allows the device to be protected from high mechanical stress, and thus also from permanent damage. Surprisingly, the heavy reduction of the reflected shock wave already results in an extension of the service life of the ignition mechanism. 
         [0008]    In a variation of the invention, the impact breaker can be arranged between the ignition location and the ignition chamber outlet. Thus, the detonation wave returning through the ignition chamber outlet can be diminished in its energy. The explosion propagating from the ignition location can sufficiently develop to form the work piece while passing through the forming tool, despite the impact breaker. 
         [0009]    In a beneficial exemplary embodiment of the invention, the impact breaker can be arranged in closer proximity to the ignition location than to the ignition chamber outlet. This has the advantage that after passing through the impact breaker, an adequate stretch through the ignition chamber remains for the developing detonation wave to unfold, whereas the energy of the reflected detonation wave is diminished when reaching the impact breaker. 
         [0010]    Advantageously, the impact breaker can be arranged directly at the ignition location. In this way, the ignition device can still be effectively protected against the reflected detonation wave. Nonetheless, the explosion can still be ignited there, and can propagate from there. 
         [0011]    In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the impact breaker can be arranged on the side of the forming tool facing away from the ignition location. After passing through the forming tool, the energy of the detonation wave is dampened by the impact breaker. In this way, the well-developed explosion energy can be contained in the detonation wave until the detonation wave reaches the forming tool. 
         [0012]    In a particular way, the impact breaker can also be arranged directly on the side of the forming tool facing away from the ignition location. The energy of the detonation wave passing through the forming tool can thus be dampened immediately after passing through the forming tool. 
         [0013]    Advantageously, the impact breaker can be arranged closer to the end of the device located opposite the ignition location. The counter-effect on the forming tool from the detonation wave impacting the impact breaker could be diminished in this way. 
         [0014]    It can also be conceivable that the impact breaker forms the end of the device located opposite the ignition location. The impact breaker could thus have the effect of a scattering element, which is impacted by the detonation wave. 
         [0015]    It is suggested that the impact breaker can be arranged inside a support pipe, which can be mounted on the forming tool on the side of the forming tool facing away from the ignition location. The material of the support pipe could be different from that of the impact breaker and could simplify the construction of the impact breaker by being an insert. 
         [0016]    Advantageously, the impact breaker and the support pipe in combination can be designed as an end piece. This end piece could connect directly to the forming tool thus closing the device on the side opposite of the ignition chamber. In this way, a longer run-out section for the detonation wave could develop. 
         [0017]    It can also be of advantage for the impact breaker to have and/or to form a curved and/or reduced passage relative to the cross section of the ignition chamber or the cross section of the support pipe. These passage shapes can take away a significant amount of energy from the reflected detonation waves. 
         [0018]    In a particular way, at least one impact breaker element can be provided, which is arranged at least partially spaced apart from the inner walls of the ignition chamber or the inner walls of the support pipe, thus forming a passage. By using the impact breaker element for forming a passage between the inner walls of the ignition chamber or the inner walls of the support pipe, the impact breaker element can be constructed in a simple, and thus in a stable manner. 
         [0019]    In a beneficial embodiment, a plurality of passages forming between the impact breaker elements can be provided. By using several such impact breaker elements, the effect of the reflected detonation wave on the inner walls of the ignition chamber or the inner walls of the support pipe can be diminished and distributed to several elements. Furthermore, its energy can thus be reduced step-by-step, which in turn reduces the strain on the individual impact breaker elements. 
         [0020]    In an advantageous exemplary embodiment, the flow resistance in a flow direction away from the ignition location can be lower than toward the ignition location, due to the impact breaker. As a result, the energy of the reflected detonation wave is reduced much more substantially than it is from the original explosion triggered by the ignition mechanism, whereas the ignition mechanism is still being protected if the impact breaker is arranged between the ignition location and the forming tool. 
         [0021]    Furthermore, as a result of the impact breaker, the flow resistance in a flow direction away from the ignition location can be greater than toward the ignition location, and the impact breaker can be mounted on the side of the forming tool facing away from the ignition location. In this way, a significant amount of energy can be extracted from the shock wave prior to being reflected at the end of the device. 
         [0022]    In a particular way, the impact breaker can be provided with at least one throttle check element. Thus, the propagating explosion can pass the impact breaker, whereas the reflected detonation wave is decelerated before the ignition mechanism by the throttle check element. 
         [0023]    In a special embodiment, the impact breaker can be provided with at least one one-way element. Thus, the explosion can pass the impact breaker while the reflected detonation wave can be intercepted by the one-way element prior to reaching the ignition mechanism. 
         [0024]    Beneficially, the surface of the impact breaker can be larger than the inner surface of the ignition chamber or the inner surface of the support pipe adjacent to the impact breaker. This can result in increased friction relative to the length of the impact breaker and thus to an improved energy reduction of the reflected detonation wave. 
         [0025]    In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the cross section of the ignition chamber and/or the cross section of the support pipe can be enlarged in the region of the impact breaker. This creates more available construction space, especially for complex impact breakers. 
         [0026]    Advantageously, the impact breaker can have at least one lateral branch diverging from a main passage. At the branching point, the detonation wave can split, which likewise causes the energy of the detonation wave to split, and can then be reflected and absorbed a number of times in the branching region. 
         [0027]    It is useful for the at least one branch to be ramiform, at least in part. In this way, a plurality of branching points is created where the detonation wave can separate. 
         [0028]    It is suggested that the at least one branch can be closed at its end, thus allowing the detonation wave to remain inside the impact breaker. 
         [0029]    According to a variation of the invention, at least one branch can form a filling channel for fluid. Thus, the fluid used in a variation of explosive forming could be funneled into the device via the impact breaker, for example. Furthermore, the explosive agent could be introduced to the inside of the device via the filling channel. 
         [0030]    It is feasible for the spreading space in the device to be connected to a spreading volume via the branch. In this way, the detonation wave could at least partially be channeled via the impact breaker into a spreading volume to subside. 
         [0031]    It is possible for a filling device for fluid to be arranged on the side of the forming tool facing away from the ignition location. Thus, the structure of the device on the ignition location side could be simpler and have fewer connections. 
         [0032]    It can be beneficial for the impact breaker to have a labyrinth structure. Due to the large surface, the long labyrinth path to be passed through, and the manifold diversion of the reflected detonation wave, an effective slowing down of said detonation wave can be achieved. 
         [0033]    In a particular way, the impact breaker can be provided with at least one labyrinth element and/or a plurality of impact breaker elements forming a labyrinth structure. Depending on the situation, it can be more beneficial to form the labyrinth from one or from several labyrinth elements, or from a plurality of elements, which together form a labyrinth structure. The first option is recommend when not much construction space is available, for example, whereas with the second option, manufacture can be easier and cheaper. 
         [0034]    In an advantageous exemplary embodiment, the passage can be somewhat meander-shaped. The meander shape with its multiple and sharp deviations can very effectively diminish the energy of the reflected detonation front. 
         [0035]    Advantageously, the impact breaker can be provided with at least one disc-like impact breaker element with at least one passage through the disc. The disc can offer a large impact surface by way of its front face, with low production expenditure at the same time. 
         [0036]    It can be beneficial for the impact breaker element to be designed as a cylindrical disc. In this way, it can be of stable construction while providing a long passage for reducing the energy of the reflected detonation front at the same time. 
         [0037]    In a particular way, a plurality of impact breaker elements having dephased consecutive passages can be provided. Thus, the detonation wave is diverted several times, thus reducing its energy in a special way. 
         [0038]    In an advantageous embodiment, the impact breaker element can be provided with a branched passage system. Branching points in particular can reduce the energy of the reflected detonation wave substantially. 
         [0039]    In a beneficial exemplary embodiment, the impact breaker element can be of sponge-like, mesh-like, and/or clew-like design. These design forms can effectively diminish the detonation wave and have a sufficient service life. 
         [0040]    Advantageously, at least one impact breaker element can be designed as a deflection wall. Deflection walls are a simple way to guide and control the detonation wave. 
         [0041]    It can be of benefit if in its progression, the deflection wall is polygonal. In this manner, an additional reduction of the energy of the reflected detonation wave is achieved. 
         [0042]    In a particular way, a plurality of impact breaker elements piled loosely in the manner of dry bulk goods can be provided. The effect of the loosely-layered arrangement is a good weakening of the reflected detonation wave, and in a simple way, the desired effect of the impact breaker can be determined by the number and type of impact breaker elements. 
         [0043]    In an advantageous embodiment, a plurality of impact breaker elements spaced apart from one another can be arranged consecutively in a flow direction and be staggered transversely to the flow direction. Thus, the shape of the detonation front and the wave following thereupon and their effective deceleration can be taken into consideration in a special way. 
         [0044]    In an advantageous exemplary embodiment, at least two consecutively arranged impact breaker elements can be arranged such that they overlap. The labyrinth-like structure with constricted passages thus formed is particularly well suited to decelerate the reflected detonation wave. 
         [0045]    In a particular way, a plurality of impact breaker elements can be supported by an impact breaker carrier. This allows for simple installation and maintenance of the impact breaker elements. 
         [0046]    In a special embodiment, the impact breaker can contain steel and/or copper beryllium (CuBe). Due to both their robustness and hardness, these materials are particularly well suited for impact breaker application. 
         [0047]    Advantageously, the impact breaker can at least partially be arranged to be exchangeable. Thus, material fatigue and/or material wear and tear can be anticipated in a timely manner by easily performed maintenance. 
         [0048]    In a particular way, the supply of the explosion agent can take place on the side of the impact breaker opposite from the ignition chamber outlet. In this way, the explosion agent supply can also be protected by the impact breaker. 
         [0049]    In an alternative beneficial exemplary embodiment, the explosion agent supply can take place between the impact breaker and the ignition chamber outlet. Thus, the ignition mechanism can be supplied with a sufficient amount of explosion agent for ignition while promoting the development and growth the explosion after the impact breaker. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0050]    Exemplary embodiments of the invention will now be described in conjunction with the following drawings wherein like numerals represent like elements, and wherein: 
           [0051]      FIG. 1  is a schematic illustration of the invention; 
           [0052]      FIGS. 2   a  to  2   j  show several schematic embodiments of the impact breaker in  FIG. 1  or  FIG. 8 ; 
           [0053]      FIGS. 3   a ,  3   b  show a detailed embodiment of the impact breaker in  FIG. 1  or  FIG. 8 ; 
           [0054]      FIGS. 4   a ,  4   b  show an additional detailed embodiment of the impact breaker in  FIG. 1  or  FIG. 8 ; 
           [0055]      FIG. 5  shows an additional schematic embodiment of the impact breaker in  FIG. 1  or  FIG. 8 ; 
           [0056]      FIG. 6  shows an additional schematic embodiment of the impact breaker in  FIG. 1  or  FIG. 8 ; 
           [0057]      FIG. 7  shows a schematic embodiment of an impact breaker carrier for an impact breaker according to  FIG. 1 ,  2 , or  5 ; 
           [0058]      FIG. 8  shows a schematic illustration of a further embodiment of the invention; 
           [0059]      FIG. 9  is a schematic illustration of a further embodiment of the impact breaker according to  FIG. 1  or  FIG. 8 ; 
           [0060]      FIG. 10  is an additional schematic illustration of an embodiment of the impact breaker according to  FIG. 1  or  FIG. 8 ; 
           [0061]      FIG. 11  is a schematic illustration of a further embodiment of the impact breaker as well as a schematic illustration of the spreading space or of a filling device; and 
           [0062]      FIG. 12  is a schematic illustration of a further embodiment of the impact breaker, arranged at the end of the device according to  FIG. 1  or  FIG. 8 . 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
       [0063]      FIG. 1  illustrates an ignition device  1  for the explosive forming of a work piece  3  inserted in a forming tool  2 . The outline of the work piece  3  is thereby indicated with a dotted line, and the forming tool  2  is illustrated separated into an upper and a lower half. Ignition device  1  is comprised of an ignition mechanism  4  and an ignition chamber  5 , which in this embodiment connects directly to the ignition mechanism  4  taking the form of an ignition tube. The ignition mechanism  4  has an ignition location  6 , symbolically illustrated in this figure with an ignition spark, where the explosion agent is ignited. The explosion agent reaches the ignition mechanism  4  via at least one of the explosion agent feeders  7  after passing a valve  22 . The explosion agent ignited in ignition location  6  expands with an explosion front into the ignition chamber  5 , and the explosion front exits said ignition chamber via ignition chamber outlet  8 , which is adjacent to forming tool  2 , and work piece  3  embedded therein. The figure could also be interpreted such that via one of the valves  22 , the device can be filled with fluid, water, for example. 
         [0064]    Between ignition location  6  and ignition chamber outlet  8 , an impact breaker  9  is provided, which in this instance is located in ignition chamber  5 . The system outlines of the impact breaker  9  are thereby indicated with dashed lines, and a doubly serrated element  10  symbolizes at least one impact breaker element  10  with the indication that the flow resistance in the direction to forming tool  2  is lower than in the direction from forming tool  2 . In this exemplary embodiment, the impact breaker  9  is arranged in closer proximity to ignition location  6  than to ignition chamber outlet  8  and is provided with external walls  11 , which merge with those of ignition chamber  5 . By way of explosion agent feeders  7 , the explosion agent can be channeled directly to ignition mechanism  4 , and thus to ignition location  6  and/or to ignition chamber  5  on the side opposite from impact breaker  9 . Flow direction  36  is indicated by an arrow, which at the same time describes the propagation path  37  of the detonation wave. A reflected detonation wave essentially expands in the device along propagation path  37  but contrariwise to flow direction  36 . 
         [0065]    In  FIG. 2   a , the external walls  11  of impact breaker  9  are enlarged in the region of impact breaker  9  and are adjusted to the octagonal outer contour of an impact breaker element  10 . The octagonal-prismatic impact breaker element  10  and the external walls  11  in combination faun both a curved and a reduced passage  12 , which must be passed by the original as well as the reflected detonation wave. The front surfaces  13  of impact breaker element  10  in particular diminish the energy of the wave. 
         [0066]    In  FIG. 2   b , two hexagonal-prismatic impact breaker elements  10  butting flatly against the external walls  11  form a curved or reduced labyrinth-like passage  12  for the detonation wave. The edges of impact breaker elements  10  being arranged consecutively in a flow direction and overlapping each other serve as wave breakers here. 
         [0067]    In  FIG. 2   c , three impact breaker elements  10  arranged consecutively in a flow direction and staggered transversely thereto, are used. The edges of the cubiform impact breaker elements  10  are thereby oriented in flow direction  36 . In a second plane parallel to the plane of projection, three additional cubiform impact breaker elements  10  are illustrated with dashes, their arrangement being offset from the one described at the start. In this way, a labyrinth-like structure with angled, reduced passages  12  is formed. 
         [0068]    In  FIG. 2   d , walls arranged transversely to the flow direction are used as impact breaker elements  10  to force the detonation wave through a labyrinth-like, meander-like passage  12 . The impact breaker elements  10  extend bordering on external walls  11  of impact breaker  9 , transversely to flow direction  36 , approximately vertically into the ignition chamber.  FIG. 2   d  can also be interpreted such that the impact breaker elements  10  are arranged only partially tilting toward flow direction  36  of the detonation wave. 
         [0069]    In  FIG. 2   e , two impact breaker elements  10  are arranged consecutively in flow direction  36  and gapless to the external walls  11  of impact breaker  9 . Due to its curved, reduced passage  12  and the series arrangement, a labyrinth structure is formed from individual labyrinth elements. 
         [0070]    In contrast to  FIG. 2   e , a plurality of L-shaped impact breaker elements  10  are arranged such that a labyrinth structure for an approximately Z-shaped passage  12  is formed between them in  FIG. 2   f.    
         [0071]    In  FIG. 2   g , a basic curved passage  12  as an impact breaker is shown, the exterior walls  11  of which connect to those of ignition chamber  5 . 
         [0072]      FIG. 2   h  shows a clew-like impact breaker element  10 , which causes the detonation wave to rebound manifoldly and to deflect, labyrinth-like, within itself In part, this clew-like impact breaker element  10  abuts to the external walls  11  of impact breaker  9 , in part, it is spaced apart therefrom. 
         [0073]    Basically,  FIGS. 2   a  to  2   h  can also be interpreted such that the corresponding impact breaker has surface elements arranged such that they tilt in the flow direction  36  of the detonation wave, which form the impact breaker elements  10 , on which the detonation wave can reflect multiple times while being partially absorbed. 
         [0074]      FIG. 2   i  uses the symbolism of hydraulics to illustrate a one-way element  14  as an impact breaker element  10 . This is to describe an impact breaker element  10  which allows the expanding explosion wave to pass while its reflection in the opposite flow direction is blocked. It does not necessarily follow that this one-way element  14  is a valve as known from the hydraulics field. 
         [0075]      FIG. 2   j  shows a throttle check element  15  as an impact breaker element  10 . It includes a one-way element  14  like in  FIG. 2   i , and a throttle element, which is to be equated with a curved and/or reduced passage  12 . As in  FIG. 2   i , only the symbolism of hydraulics is being used, and the throttle check element  15  is not necessarily a valve. The illustration is attempting to show a construction, which allows passage of the explosion in its propagation direction while hampering it in its reflection direction. Therefore, in  FIGS. 2   i  and  2   j , the respective flow resistance caused by impact breaker  9  in flow direction from ignition chamber outlet  8  to ignition location  6  is greater than it is from ignition location  6  to ignition chamber outlet  8 . 
         [0076]    In  FIGS. 3   a  and  b , a first detailed embodiment of an impact breaker  9  is shown, wherein three impact breaker elements  10  combined form a labyrinth structure as a multi-curved passage  12 . 
         [0077]    In  FIG. 3   a , the rotation-symmetrical impact breaker  9  is illustrated in sectional view, whereas the three impact breaker elements  10  are uncut. These are cylindrical disc-like impact breaker elements, each provided with a bore  16  and a groove  17  serving as a passage through the disc and/or past the disc. Due to the fact that relative to their bores  16  and grooves  17 , the cylindrical disc-shaped impact breaker elements  10  are dephasedly arranged in the flow direction in consecutive order, the part of the detonation wave moving through impact breaker elements  10  is deflected several times. The cylindrical discs  10  are arranged spaced apart from the external walls of impact breaker  9  so that an additional passage  12  is formed at this point. By using a two-part housing structure with parting plane  24 , impact breaker  9  and/or impact breaker elements  10  can be easily installed and maintained via a screw thread  23 . In the region of impact breaker elements  10 , the passage  12  is enlarged, thereafter once again tapered, so that the impact breaker elements  10  are unable to enter the adjacent ignition chamber  5  or support pipe  25 . Furthermore, this brings about the above-mentioned reduction of passage  12 . 
         [0078]    In  FIG. 4 , a further impact breaker  9  having cylindrical disc-shaped impact breaker elements  10  is illustrated.  FIG. 4   a  shows a cross-sectional view of the rotation-symmetrical impact breaker  9 , wherein the impact breaker elements  10 , four in all, are also cut. To make installation and maintenance easier, impact breaker  9  is once more constructed as a two-piece unit and is connected via a screw thread  23 . In contrast to  FIG. 3 , the cylindrical disc-shaped impact breaker elements  10  are symmetrically constructed labyrinth elements. A labyrinth structure is formed by a mere stringing together in flow direction  36 . 
         [0079]    These impact breaker elements  10  are immovably abutting on the external wall  11  of impact breaker  9 . Commencing at ignition location  6 , a passage  12  is at the disposal of the expanding explosion wave, said passage tapering conically toward the impact breaker elements  10  and extending thereafter in its reduced form. This reduced passage  12  continues after passing impact breaker elements  10 . Transversely to flow direction  36 , the cylindrical disc-shaped impact breaker elements  10  are provided with two bores  16  each, which are connected to one another via laterally applied recesses  17 . All longitudinal bores starting at the front surfaces  13  terminate at the bores  16 . In this way, passage  12  is first branched off in T-form in order to be re-united via a second T-form. The outlet of an impact breaker element  10  abuts on the inlet of the next impact breaker element  10 . 
         [0080]    In  FIG. 4   b , two of the impact breaker elements  10  of  FIG. 4   a  are illustrated from various perspectives. Due to the branched passage system, it is irrelevant how the impact breaker elements  10  are arranged consecutively in a flow direction. 
         [0081]    In  FIG. 5 , the impact breaker  9  is an octagonal-prismatic impact breaker element  10 , the front surfaces  13  of which are adjusted as impact surfaces in flow direction  36 . Impact breaker element  13  is laterally flanked by two deflection walls  18 , which continue the outer contour of impact breaker element  10  at a parallel distance thereto. Sideways of the impact breaker element  10  and deflection walls  18 , the external wall  11  of impact breaker  9  is enlarged, and likewise maintains, in parallel distance to deflection walls  18 , the outer contour of octagonal-prismatic impact breaker element  10 . Thus, passage  12  is respectively divided between impact breaker element  10  and external walls  11 , and is deflected. 
         [0082]    In  FIG. 6 , passage  12  through impact breaker  9  expands in a vessel-like manner so that there is room in its expansion for a plurality of impact breaker elements  10  piled loosely in the manner of dry bulk goods. As a result of the loosely-layered arrangement of impact breaker elements  10 , a plurality of ramified passages  12  through impact breaker  9  are created. Depending on the design, it can be beneficial to keep impact breaker elements  10  away from ignition location  6  and/or ignition chamber  5  with a catcher  19 . This applies especially to impact breaker elements  10 , which are smaller than the corresponding passage  12  and are a safeguard in the gravity direction as well as the deflecting detonation wave. Ideally, catcher  19  is of net-like design; however, it can also be provided with blocking struts, which constrict passage  12  such that no impact breaker element  10  will fit through it. In addition, catcher  19  is flow-permeable and blocks loose materials. This impact breaker  9  in particular has a substantially larger surface than the inner surface of the ignition chamber adjacent to impact breaker  9 . Dashed line  20  indicates a partition possibility for installation and maintenance of the two impact breaker half-shells. 
         [0083]    In  FIG. 7 , a staggered arrangement of multiple, in this instance rhomboid-prismatic impact breaker elements  10  on an impact breaker carrier  21  are shown. Thus, impact breaker elements  10  can simply be exchanged. It is also possible to install a plurality of impact breaker elements  10  in impact breaker  9  via several impact breaker carriers  21  arranged consecutively or on top of each other, thus saving space. 
         [0084]    Based on the forces in effect during deceleration of the detonation wave, impact breaker  9  and/or impact breaker elements  10  contain steel and/or copper beryllium (CuBe). 
         [0085]      FIG. 8  shows a schematic view of a device  29  of the invention, wherein impact breaker  9  is arranged on the side of the forming tool  2  facing away from ignition location  6 . Impact breaker  9  can thereby be arranged to connect directly to forming tool  2 , or at a distance thereto, or at the end of support pipe  25 . Furthermore, two valves  22  are provided, wherein one is arranged at ignition location  6  and the other one at support pipe  25 . For one, valves  22  can serve as explosion agent feeders  7 , but can also serve as a filling device for fluid, for example, water. 
         [0086]    Impact breaker  9  could also be arranged on the side of forming tool  2  facing ignition location  6 , or else a plurality of impact breakers  9  could be provided in the propagation path of the detonation wave. Furthermore, the orientation of the symbol for impact breaker elements  10  has been turned by 180 degrees relative to the illustration in  FIG. 1  to indicate that in this exemplary embodiment, the flow resistance of the impact breaker  9  in flow direction  36  is greater than it is toward ignition location  6 . In this case, after passing through forming tool  2 , the energy of the detonation wave can already be diminished at the end of device  29 . Impact breaker  9  could be arranged in the same manner as in  FIG. 1  so that at the beginning of its passage, the detonation wave is little diminished or not at all, in order to be broken after reflection by impact breaker  9  at the end  38  of device  29 . 
         [0087]      FIG. 9  shows an additional embodiment of an impact breaker  9 , which has a main passage  30  and a branch  26 . The branch has lateral walls  33 , which tilt towards the main passage. The tilt of the lateral walls  33  can be adjusted to any desired angle to the main passage  30 . Only one branch  26  is shown, although a plurality of such branches at a plurality of angles to main passage  30  can be existent. At its end, branch  26  is closed. It can thus be achieved that the detonation wave remains inside impact breaker  9  and is unable to affect support pipe  25  potentially surrounding impact breaker  9 , or ignition chamber  5 . It can thus be accomplished that in the area of the impact breaker, at least support pipe  25  or ignition chamber  5  can be made of a material different from that of the impact breaker, which preferably is made of a robust material, as previously mentioned. In its cross section, impact breaker  9  can be circular, which makes installation inside a pipe or a pipe-shaped component easier. Any desired deviating cross section is also feasible, polygonal shapes, for example. 
         [0088]      FIG. 10  shows an embodiment of impact breaker  9 , which is designed as individual impact breaker element  10  and is arranged inside a support pipe  25 . The impact breaker element  10  is provided with a lateral branch  26 , which is open at its end and, together with a recess  34  in support pipe  25 , forms a filling channel  35 , through which fluid, water, for example, can be filled into the spreading space of device  29 , on the one hand, or on the other hand, it can be designed to serve as explosion agent feeder  7 . The spreading space extends inside the device from ignition location  6  to the end  38  of the device. In this exemplary embodiment, the cross section of impact breaker  9  is of round shape; it could, however, also be designed differently, having corners, for example. 
         [0089]      FIG. 11  shows a further exemplary embodiment of impact breaker  9  designed as an individual impact breaker element  10 , wherein impact breaker element  10  has a plurality of lateral branches, which are partially ramified and branched, as well as an exemplary branch, which is connected to spreading volume  27  via a channel  35 . Here, the detonation wave can partially leave the impact breaker as well as support pipe  25 , in order for its energy to be diminished in spreading volume  27 . Spreading volume  27  can be filled with gas, fluid, or solid materials. 
         [0090]    Main passage  30  terminates in a reflection surface  32 , which in this exemplary embodiment is of hemispherical shape. However, reflection surface  32  can also be of a different shape, for example, calotte or pyramid-shaped, or such. In this exemplary embodiment, the reflection surface  32  is designed as part of a cover  31 , which in this exemplary embodiment is removably mounted to support pipe  25  and, together with support pipe  25  and impact breaker  9 , is designed as an end piece. 
         [0091]      FIG. 12  shows an additional exemplary embodiment of the impact breaker  9  of the invention, which is mounted at end  38  of device  29 , and is provided with a plurality of reflection surfaces  32 . In this exemplary embodiment, it is indicated that the reflection surfaces are formed such that two reflection surfaces  32  each are located opposite one another at an opening angle, and from a side view, triangular recesses are formed in impact breaker  9 . This figure can also be interpreted such that it is a cross section, and as indicated by the dashed lines inside impact breaker  9 , the recesses have the form of a pyramid. On reflection surfaces  32  formed as these and multiply existing on impact breaker  9 , the detonation wave impacting from flow direction  36  can be broken multiple times so that the energy of the impacting detonation wave separates into a plurality of shock waves deflecting at various angles. The maximum energy left in a deflecting shock wave after reflection on impact breaker  9  can thus be reduced relative to the detonation wave. 
         [0092]    In this exemplary embodiment, impact breaker  9  can be provided without additional support devices at the end  38  of the support pipe, said support pipe being indicated by the outer dashed lines. In the instant exemplary embodiment, a reflection of the detonation wave at the smooth end  38  of device  29  can be avoided by deploying impact breaker  9 . The detonation wave can be scattered directly on impact breaker  9  by impacting the plurality of reflection surfaces  32 . 
         [0093]      FIGS. 1 to 12  and their respective characteristics can also be interpreted such that the shown features can be used in any desired combination. For this reason, the relevance of the reference numerals in the individual figures is consistent with regard to function.