Abstract:
A system and associated method for automatically processing keyword for video content. The video content contains image frames and an audio stream. An image pattern table for image patterns from the image frames and a word pattern table for word patterns from the audio stream are generated by use of respective pattern names provided by pattern recognition tools. Each pattern is associated with a respective count indicating a number of appearances of each pattern. A respective weight of each pattern is calculated as a relative frequency of each pattern. The image pattern table and the word pattern table are merged to generate a keyword list. A predefined number of most frequently appeared patterns are selected by examining the respective weight of each pattern and metadata associated with the video content are updated to utilize pattern names of the selected patterns as keyword for web searches.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0001]    The present invention discloses a system and associated method for automatically generating and associating search keywords for video content. In conventional methods, the search keywords for the video content are manually created and assigned to the video content, which makes the registration of the video content in a web site inefficient. Also, because the manually created search keywords are arbitrarily associated with the video content, the search keywords in conventional methods are not conducive to search of the video content for users. 
       BRIEF SUMMARY 
       [0002]    According to one embodiment of the present invention, a method for automatically processing keyword for video content comprises, by a processor of a computer system, loading said video content, said video content comprising at least one image frame and an audio stream; generating an image pattern table from said at least one image frame, wherein an entry of the image pattern table comprises attributes of image pattern identifier, image pattern name, image pattern count, and image pattern weight, wherein the image pattern identifier identifies an image pattern in said at least one image frame, wherein the image pattern name is an alphanumeric text representing the image pattern, wherein the image pattern count represents a number of appearances of the image pattern in said at least one image frame, and wherein the image pattern weight represents a relative frequency of the image pattern within said at least one image frame; generating a word pattern table from the audio stream, wherein an entry of the word pattern table comprises attributes of word pattern identifier, word pattern name, word pattern count, and word pattern weight, wherein the word pattern identifier identifies a word pattern in the audio stream, wherein the word pattern name is an alphanumeric text representing the word pattern, wherein the word pattern count represents a number of appearances of the word pattern in the audio stream, and wherein the word pattern weight represents a relative frequency of the word pattern within the audio stream; calculating the respective weight for all entries in the image pattern table and the word pattern table, wherein the respective weight is selected from the group consisting of the image pattern weight and the word pattern weight; generating a keyword list from the image pattern table and the word pattern table based on the calculated weight, wherein an entry of the keyword list is selected from the group consisting of entries of the image pattern table and entries of the word pattern table, and wherein the entry of the keyword list comprises attributes of generic pattern identifier, generic pattern name, generic pattern count, and generic pattern weight; and integrating the generated keyword list into metadata of a web page associated with the video content such that the keyword list is utilized in web searches employing the metadata. 
         [0003]    According to one embodiment of the present invention, a computer program product comprises a computer readable memory unit that embodies a computer readable program code. The computer readable program code contains instructions that, when run by a processor of a computer system, implement a method for automatically processing keyword for video content. 
         [0004]    According to one embodiment of the present invention, a computer system comprises a processor and a computer readable memory unit coupled to the processor, wherein the computer readable memory unit containing instructions that, when run by the processor, implement a method for automatically processing keyword for video content. 
         [0005]    According to one embodiment of the present invention, a process for supporting computer infrastructure, said process comprising providing at least one support service for at least one of creating, integrating, hosting, maintaining, and deploying computer-readable code in a computing system, wherein the code in combination with the computing system is capable of performing a method for automatically processing keyword for video content. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0006]      FIG. 1  illustrates a system  10  for automatically generating and associating search keywords for video content, in accordance with embodiments of the present invention. 
           [0007]      FIG. 2  and  FIG. 2A  are flowcharts depicting a method for automatically generating and associating search keywords for video content, in accordance with the embodiments of the present invention. 
           [0008]      FIG. 3  is a flowchart depicting a method for generating the image pattern table for the video content of  FIG. 2 , being performed by the image pattern table generator, in accordance with the embodiments of the present invention. 
           [0009]      FIG. 4  is a flowchart depicting a method for generating the word pattern table for the video content of  FIG. 2 , being performed by the word pattern table generator, in accordance with the embodiments of the present invention. 
           [0010]      FIG. 5  and  FIG. 5A  are flowcharts depicting a method for calculating a respective weight of pattern names of the image pattern table and the word pattern table, being performed by the pattern weight calculator, in accordance with the embodiments of the present invention. 
           [0011]      FIG. 6  is a flowchart depicting a method for generating the keyword list for the video content of  FIG. 2 , being performed by the keyword list generator, in accordance with the embodiments of the present invention. 
           [0012]      FIG. 7  illustrates a computer system used for automating keywords for video content, in accordance with the embodiments of the present invention. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0013]      FIG. 1  illustrates a system  10  for automatically generating and associating search keywords for video content, in accordance with embodiments of the present invention. 
         [0014]    The system  10  comprises a web server  11  and a database  30 . The web server  11  is a computer system that runs an image recognition tool  12 , a speech recognition tool  13 , a search engine  14 , and a keyword automating process  20 . The database  30  comprises at least one video content and a keyword list  40  respectively associated with a video content  31  of said at least one video content. The video content  31  comprises at least one image frame and an audio stream. The database  30  also stores an image pattern table  32  and a word pattern table  33  associated with the video content  31  that have been generated by the web server  11 . The image pattern table  32  comprises four (4) attributes of image pattern identifier, image pattern name, image pattern count, and image pattern weight. The image pattern table  32  tracks frequency of each image pattern of the video content  31 . The word pattern table  33  also comprises four (4) attributes of word pattern identifier, word pattern name, word pattern count, and word pattern weight. The word pattern table  33  tracks frequency of each word pattern of the video content  31 . 
         [0015]    The keyword automating process  20  takes the video content  31  as an input and creates the keyword list  40  associated with the video content  31  by use of the image pattern table  32  and the word pattern table  33 . The keyword automating process  20  invokes the image recognition tool  12  and creates the image pattern table  32  for the video content  31 . The keyword automating process  20  invokes the speech recognition tool  13  and creates the word pattern table  33  for the video content  31 . The keyword list  40  comprises four (4) attributes of generic pattern identifier, generic pattern name, generic pattern count, and generic pattern weight, as the keyword list  40  is created by merging the image pattern table  32  and the word pattern table  33 . The generic pattern identifier takes a value of either the image pattern identifier or the word pattern identifier, depending on which pattern table an entry was selected from. The corresponding attributes in the selected entry is duplicated into the entry of the keyword list  40 . For example, if an entry of the image pattern table  32  is selected to be merged into the keyword list  40 , the generic pattern identifier, the generic pattern name, the generic pattern count, and the generic pattern weight respectively duplicates the image pattern identifier, the image pattern name, the image pattern count, and the image pattern weight of the selected entry of the image pattern table  32 . If an entry of the word pattern table  33  is selected to be merged into the keyword list  40 , the generic pattern identifier, the generic pattern name, the generic pattern count, and the generic pattern weight respectively duplicates the word pattern identifier, the word pattern name, the word pattern count, and the word pattern weight of the selected entry of the word pattern table  33 . An administrator of the web server  11  determines how many entries will be kept in the keyword list  40 . The keyword automating process  20  automates manual keyword creation and assignment of conventional video content handling methods. 
         [0016]    The search engine  14  accesses the keyword list  40  to service a search request for the video content  31 . The search request is received from an end user who wants to search the video content  31  with a keyword listed as generic pattern name in the keyword list  40 . 
         [0017]      FIG. 2  and  FIG. 2A  are flowcharts depicting a method for automatically generating and associating search keywords for video content, in accordance with the embodiments of the present invention. 
         [0018]    In step  100 , the keyword automating process retrieves the video content from the database. Then the keyword automating process proceeds with step  200 . 
         [0019]    In step  200 , the keyword automating process generates an image pattern table for image frames of the retrieved video content by performing an image pattern table generator. See descriptions of  FIG. 3  infra for steps performed by the image pattern table generator. The image pattern table generator is a sub-concept but not necessarily a separate sub-module of the keyword automating process. Then the keyword automating process proceeds with step  300 . 
         [0020]    In step  300 , the keyword automating process generates a word pattern table for an audio stream of the retrieved video content by performing a word pattern table generator. See descriptions of  FIG. 4  infra for steps performed by the word pattern table generator. Then the keyword automating process proceeds with step  400 . 
         [0021]    As shown in  FIG. 2A , step  200  and step  300  can be concurrently performed. Because the image pattern table generator and the word pattern table generator only share the video content as an input but do not have any sequential dependency with each other in creating the image pattern table and the word pattern table, concurrently performing step  200  and step  300  result in the same set of the image pattern table and the word pattern table as sequentially performing step  200  and step  300 . 
         [0022]    In step  400 , the keyword automating process calculates a relative weight of each image pattern and word pattern by performing a pattern weight calculator. The relative weight of each image pattern and word pattern represents how frequently a specific pattern appears relative to a total number of image patterns or word patterns. See descriptions of  FIG. 5  infra for steps performed by the pattern weight calculator. Then the keyword automating process proceeds with step  500 . 
         [0023]    In step  500 , the keyword automating process generates a keyword list by performing a keyword list generator. See descriptions of  FIG. 6  infra for steps performed by the keyword list generator. Then the keyword automating process proceeds with step  600 . 
         [0024]    In step  600 , the keyword automating process updates metadata of a web page associated with the video content to integrate the generated keyword list such that the keyword list is utilized in servicing web search requests to the web server for the video contents that employs the metadata. Then the keyword automating process terminates. 
         [0025]      FIG. 3  is a flowchart depicting a method for generating the image pattern table for the video content of  FIG. 2  supra, being performed by the image pattern table generator, in accordance with the embodiments of the present invention. 
         [0026]    The image pattern table generator iterates step  205  through step  225  for each image frame in the video content that the keyword automating process has received in step  100  of  FIG. 2 , supra. When the image pattern table generator completes processing all image frames in the video content, the image pattern table generator terminates and the keyword automating process resumes operation. 
         [0027]    In step  205 , the image pattern table generator submits a current image frame to the image recognition tool. In response to step  205 , the image recognition tool generates a current image pattern name corresponding to the current image frame and sends the current image pattern name to the image pattern table generator. Then the image pattern table generator proceeds with step  210 . 
         [0028]    In step  210 , the image pattern table generator receives the current image pattern name for the current image frame from the image recognition tool. Then the image pattern table generator proceeds with step  215 . 
         [0029]    In step  215 , the image pattern table generator determines whether the current image pattern name is new. If the image pattern table generator determines that the current image pattern name is new, then the image pattern table generator proceeds with step  220 . If the image pattern table generator determines that the current image pattern name already exists in the image pattern table, then the image pattern table generator proceeds with step  225 . 
         [0030]    In step  220 , the image pattern table generator registers a new entry for the current image pattern name in the image pattern table and initializes all attributes of the new entry. The image pattern table generator assigns a unique integer value to image pattern identifier ID_I of the new entry. The image pattern table generator assigns the new image pattern name to image pattern name of the new entry. The image pattern table generator initializes image pattern count of the new entry COUNT(ID_I) and image pattern weight of the new entry WEIGHT(ID_I) as zero (0), respectively. Then the image pattern table generator proceeds with step  225 . 
         [0031]    In step  225 , the image pattern table generator increases image pattern count of an entry in the image pattern table corresponding to the current image frame, either an existing entry as determined in step  215  or the new entry registered in step  220 . Then the image pattern table loops back to step  205  to process a next image frame from the video content. 
         [0032]      FIG. 4  is a flowchart depicting a method for generating the word pattern table for the video content of  FIG. 2  supra, being performed by the word pattern table generator, in accordance with the embodiments of the present invention. 
         [0033]    In step  305 , the word pattern table generator receives word patterns as a result of performing the speech recognition tool on an audio stream of the video content. The word pattern table generator proceeds with step  310 . 
         [0034]    The word pattern table generator iterates step  310  through step  325  for each word pattern in the audio stream of the video content that the keyword automating process has received in step  100  of  FIG. 2 , supra. When the word pattern table generator completes processing all word patterns in the audio stream of the video content, the word pattern table generator terminates and the keyword automating process resumes operation. 
         [0035]    In step  310 , the word pattern table generator receives a current word pattern name generated by the speech recognition tool. Then the word pattern table generator proceeds with step  315 . 
         [0036]    In step  315 , the word pattern table generator determines whether the current word pattern name is new. If the word pattern table generator determines that the current word pattern name is new, then the word pattern table generator proceeds with step  320 . If the word pattern table generator determines that the current word pattern name already exists in the word pattern table, then the word pattern table generator proceeds with step  325 . 
         [0037]    In step  320 , the word pattern table generator registers a new entry for the current word pattern name in the word pattern table and initializes all attributes of the new entry. The word pattern table generator assigns a unique integer value to word pattern identifier ID_W of the new entry. The word pattern table generator assigns the new word pattern name to word pattern name of the new entry. The word pattern table generator initializes word pattern count of the new entry COUNT(ID_W) and word pattern weight of the new entry WEIGHT(ID_W) as zero (0), respectively. Then the word pattern table generator proceeds with step  325 . 
         [0038]    In step  325 , the word pattern table generator increases word pattern count of an entry in the word pattern table corresponding to the current word pattern name, either an existing entry as determined in step  315  or the new entry registered in step  320 . Then the word pattern table loops back to step  310  to process a next word pattern name the audio stream of the video content. 
         [0039]      FIG. 5  and  FIG. 5A  are flowcharts depicting a method for calculating relative weights of image pattern names of the image pattern table and relative weights of word pattern names of the word pattern table, being performed by the pattern weight calculator, in accordance with the embodiments of the present invention. 
         [0040]    In step  405 , the pattern weight calculator retrieves the image pattern table and the word pattern table from the database. Then the pattern weight calculator proceeds with step  410 . 
         [0041]    In step  410 , the pattern weight calculator calculates and stores a sum of image pattern counts SUM_I for all image patterns in the image pattern table. Then the pattern weight calculator proceeds with step  415 . 
         [0042]    The pattern weight calculator performs step  415  for all image pattern entries that are uniquely identified by each image pattern identifier ID_I of the image pattern table. 
         [0043]    In step  415 , the pattern weight calculator calculates a weight of a current image pattern entry as image pattern count of the current image pattern entry divided by the sum of image pattern counts SUM_I from step  410 , that is, WEIGHT(ID_I)=COUNT(ID_I)/SUM_I. The pattern weight calculator proceeds with step  420  upon completing step  415  for all image pattern entries in the image pattern table. 
         [0044]    In step  420 , the pattern weight calculator calculates and stores a sum of word pattern counts SUM_W for all word pattern entries in the word pattern table. Then the pattern weight calculator proceeds with step  425 . 
         [0045]    The pattern weight calculator performs step  425  for all word pattern entries that are uniquely identified by the word pattern identifier ID_W of the word pattern table. 
         [0046]    In step  425 , the pattern weight calculator calculates word pattern weight of a current word pattern entry as word pattern count of the current word pattern entry divided by the sum of word pattern counts SUM_W from step  420 , that is, WEIGHT(ID_W)=COUNT(ID_W)/SUM_W. The pattern weight calculator terminates upon completing step  425  for all word pattern entries in the word pattern table. The keyword automating process of  FIGS. 2 and 2A , supra, proceeds with the keyword list generator in step  500 . 
         [0047]    In an embodiment depicted in  FIG. 5A , the pattern weight calculator concurrently performs a first branch comprising steps  410  and  415  and a second branch comprising steps  420  and  425 , because the image pattern table and the word pattern table are independent from each other. 
         [0048]      FIG. 6  is a flowchart depicting a method for generating the keyword list for the video content of  FIG. 2  supra, being performed by the keyword list generator, in accordance with the embodiments of the present invention. 
         [0049]    In step  505 , the keyword list generator joins the image pattern table and the word pattern table. As a result, the keyword list generator creates a joined table comprising all entries from the image pattern table and the word pattern table. Each entry of the joined table has four attributes of generic pattern identifier, generic pattern name, generic pattern count and generic pattern weight. The generic pattern identifier of each entry ID is assigned from either image pattern identifier of the image pattern table ID_I or word pattern identifier of the word pattern table ID_W. The generic pattern name of each entry NAME is assigned from either image pattern name of the image pattern table or word pattern name of the word pattern table, that is, either NAME(ID_I) or NAME(ID_W). The generic pattern count of each entry COUNT is assigned from either image pattern count of the image pattern table or word pattern count of the word pattern table, that is, either COUNT(ID_I) or COUNT(ID_W). The generic pattern weight of each entry WEIGHT is assigned from either image pattern weight of the image pattern table or word pattern weight of the word pattern table, that is, either WEIGHT(ID_I) or WEIGHT (ID_W). Then the keyword list generator proceeds with step  510 . 
         [0050]    In step  510 , the keyword list generator sorts entries of the joined table from step  505  by values of generic pattern weight WEIGHT of the entries. Then the keyword list generator proceeds with step  515 . 
         [0051]    In step  515 , the keyword list generator determines a number of records in the keyword list NUM_K from a user input or a predefined value based on the range of weight value, etc. Then the keyword list generator proceeds with step  520 . 
         [0052]    In step  520 , the keyword list generator selects NUM_K entries that have the largest weight values from the joined table of step  505  and adds the NUM_K selected entries to the keyword list. Then the keyword list generator terminates and the keyword automating process continues with step  600  of  FIGS. 2 and 2A , supra. 
         [0053]      FIG. 7  illustrates a computer system used for automating keywords for video content, in accordance with the embodiments of the present invention. 
         [0054]    The computer system  90  comprises a processor  91 , an input device  92  coupled to the processor  91 , an output device  93  coupled to the processor  91 , and computer readable memory units comprising memory devices  94  and  95  each coupled to the processor  91 . The input device  92  may be, inter alia, a keyboard, a mouse, a keypad, a touch screen, a voice recognition device, a sensor, a network interface card (NIC), a Voice/video over Internet Protocol (VOIP) adapter, a wireless adapter, a telephone adapter, a dedicated circuit adapter, etc. The output device  93  may be, inter alia, a printer, a plotter, a computer screen, a magnetic tape, a removable hard disk, a floppy disk, a NIC, a VOIP adapter, a wireless adapter, a telephone adapter, a dedicated circuit adapter, an audio and/or visual signal generator, a light emitting diode (LED), etc. The memory devices  94  and  95  may be, inter alia, a cache, a dynamic random access memory (DRAM), a read-only memory (ROM), a hard disk, a floppy disk, a magnetic tape, an optical storage such as a compact disk (CD) or a digital video disk (DVD), etc. The memory device  95  includes a computer code  97  which is a computer program code that comprises computer-executable instructions. The computer code  97  includes, inter alia, an algorithm used for automating keywords for the video content according to the present invention. The processor  91  executes the computer code  97 . The memory device  94  includes input data  96 . The input data  96  includes input required by the computer code  97 . The output device  93  displays output from the computer code  97 . Either or both memory devices  94  and  95  (or one or more additional memory devices not shown in  FIG. 7 ) may be used as a computer readable storage medium (or a computer usable storage medium or a program storage device) having a computer readable program code embodied therein and/or having other data stored therein, wherein the computer readable program code comprises the computer code  97 . Generally, a computer program product (or, alternatively, an article of manufacture) of the computer system  90  may comprise said computer readable storage medium (or said program storage device). 
         [0055]    Any of the components of the present invention can be deployed, managed, serviced, etc. by a service provider that offers to deploy or integrate computing infrastructure with respect to a process for dynamically building a web interface per data collecting rules of the present invention. Thus, the present invention discloses a process for supporting computer infrastructure, comprising integrating, hosting, maintaining and deploying computer-readable code into a computing system (e.g., computing system  90 ), wherein the code in combination with the computing system is capable of performing a method for automating keywords for the video content. 
         [0056]    In another embodiment, the invention provides a business method that performs the process steps of the invention on a subscription, advertising and/or fee basis. That is, a service provider, such as a Solution Integrator, can offer to create, maintain, support, etc. a process for automating keywords for the video content of the present invention. In this case, the service provider can create, maintain, support, etc. a computer infrastructure that performs the process steps of the invention for one or more customers. In return, the service provider can receive payment from the customer(s) under a subscription and/or fee agreement, and/or the service provider can receive payment from the sale of advertising content to one or more third parties. 
         [0057]    While  FIG. 7  shows the computer system  90  as a particular configuration of hardware and software, any configuration of hardware and software, as would be known to a person of ordinary skill in the art, may be utilized for the purposes stated supra in conjunction with the particular computer system  90  of  FIG. 7 . For example, the memory devices  94  and  95  may be portions of a single memory device rather than separate memory devices. 
         [0058]    As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, the present invention may be embodied as a system, method or computer program product. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment (including firmware, resident software, micro-code, etc.) or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects that may all generally be referred to herein as a “circuit,” “module” or “system.” Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied in any tangible medium of expression having computer-usable program code embodied in the medium. 
         [0059]    Any combination of one or more computer usable or computer readable medium(s)  94 ,  95  may be utilized. The term computer usable medium or computer readable medium collectively refers to computer usable/readable storage medium  94 ,  95 . The computer-usable or computer-readable medium  94 ,  95  may be, for example but not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, a device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of the computer-readable medium  94 ,  95  would include the following: an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. Note that the computer-usable or computer-readable medium  94 ,  95  could even be paper or another suitable medium upon which the program is printed, as the program can be electronically captured, via, for instance, optical scanning of the paper or other medium, then compiled, interpreted, or otherwise processed in a suitable manner, if necessary, and then stored in a computer memory. In the context of this document, a computer-usable or computer-readable medium  94 ,  95  may be any medium that can contain, or store a program for use by or in connection with a system, apparatus, or device that executes instructions. 
         [0060]    Computer code  97  for carrying out operations of the present invention may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including an object oriented programming language such as Java, Smalltalk, C++ or the like and conventional procedural programming languages, such as the “C” programming language or similar programming languages. The computer code  97  may execute entirely on the user&#39;s computer, partly on the user&#39;s computer, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the user&#39;s computer and partly on a remote computer or entirely on the remote computer or server. In the latter scenario, the remote computer may be connected to the user&#39;s computer through any type of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or the connection may be made to an external computer (for example, through the Internet using an Internet Service Provider). 
         [0061]    The present invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems) and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. The term “computer program instructions” is interchangeable with the term “computer code  97 ” in this specification. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks. 
         [0062]    These computer program instructions may also be stored in the computer-readable medium  94 ,  95  that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function/act specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks. 
         [0063]    The computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide processes for implementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks. 
         [0064]    The flowchart and block diagrams in the Figures illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present invention. In this regard, each block in the flowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portion of code, which comprises one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function(s). It should also be noted that, in some alternative implementations, the functions noted in the block may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be run substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be run in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved. It will also be noted that each block of the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, can be implemented by special purpose hardware-based systems that perform the specified functions or acts, or combinations of special purpose hardware and computer instructions. 
         [0065]    The corresponding structures, materials, acts, and equivalents of all means or step plus function elements in the claims are intended to include any structure, material, or act for performing the function in combination with other claimed elements as specifically claimed. The description of the present invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description, but is not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the invention in the form disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. The embodiment was chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, and to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the invention for various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.