Abstract:
A distribution gear mechanism with a torque transmission device having a clutch, a fluid sump configured to receive a lubricating fluid, wherein a lower cog is configured to engage in the fluid sump such that the lubricating fluid is conveyed from the fluid sump in the direction of an upper cog by way of a chain drive, a fluid reservoir configured to collect the lubricating fluid and which is fluidically connected to the fluid sump, an adjustment mechanism configured to open and close an outlet opening of the fluid reservoir to the fluid sump, and an actuating mechanism configured to simultaneously activate the adjustment mechanism and the clutch.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    The present application claims priority 35 U.S.C. §119 to German Patent Publication No. DE 10 2012 218 054.0 (filed on Oct. 2, 2012), which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. 
       TECHNICAL FIELD 
       [0002]    Embodiments relate to a distribution gear mechanism with an input shaft, a first output shaft and a second output shaft, a torque transmission device having a clutch configured to distribute optionally to the first output shaft and the second output shaft a drive moment which is introduced via the input shaft. A chain drive or gear stages are active between the torque transmission device and the second output shaft, a lower cog is configured to engage in an fluid sump with lubricating fluid which may be conveyed from the fluid sump in a direction of the upper cog by way of the chain drive or gear stages. An fluid reservoir is provided to collect the lubricating fluid, with an outlet opening which may be closed by an adjustment mechanism which opens into the fluid sump. 
       BACKGROUND 
       [0003]    Distribution gear mechanisms in a motor vehicle serve for variable distribution of the drive moment to the two vehicle axles. For this, the distribution gear mechanism has an input shaft, a first output shaft and a second output shaft. The input shaft is connected to a drive unit of the motor vehicle, such as, for example, an internal combustion engine. The first output shaft is connected via a first axle differential to a first axle of the motor vehicle, such as, for example, the rear axle. The second output shaft is connected via a second axle differential to a second axle of the motor vehicle, such as, for example the front axle. 
         [0004]    The distribution gear mechanism further includes a torque transmission device having a clutch in order to distribute optionally to the first output shaft and the second output shaft a drive moment which is introduced via the input shaft. For example, the first output shaft may be formed integrally with or connected rotationally fixedly to the input shaft, in which a friction clutch variably couples the input shaft optionally also to the second output shaft. Alternatively, it is possible for example for the torque transmission device to include an intermediate axle differential gear mechanism, in which a friction clutch is active between the input shaft and one of the two output shafts (or between both output shafts) in order to block the intermediate axle differential gear mechanism optionally in a variable manner. 
         [0005]    The input shaft and the second output shaft are usually arranged at different heights, wherein an offset drive is provided between the torque transmission device and the second output shaft. This offset drive may be formed as a chain drive having a lower sprocket and an upper sprocket which are connected via a chain. The lower sprocket is coupled rotationally fixedly with the second output shaft. The upper sprocket is coupled rotationally fixedly with an output element of the torque transmission device. Alternatively, the connection is created via gear stages. 
         [0006]    In order for the distribution mechanism not to require its own oil pump, the chain of the chain drive may serve as an oil conveyor device. For this, the lower sprocket engages in an oil sump which is filled with lubricating oil, in which lubricating oil is conveyed from the oil sump in the direction of the upper sprocket by means of the chain. At the upper end of the chain drive, the lubricating oil is flung off the chain and may then, for example, be captured by a capture device and from there conducted in the direction of the lubrication points (e.g., friction clutch and bearings). 
         [0007]    One disadvantage of known distribution gear mechanisms is that the lower sprocket engaging in the oil sump, or the bottom gear stage, which is guided through the oil sump, causes undesirable splash losses, i.e., the drag moment occurring in the oil sump reduces the efficiency of the distribution gear mechanism. Also, as a result the temperature of the lubricating oil in the oil sump is increased so that the cooling effect of the lubricating oil is reduced. 
         [0008]    WO 2012/038022 discloses a distribution gear mechanism which has an outlet opening in the oil reservoir which opens into the oil sump, in which the chain is arranged at the outlet opening of the oil reservoir such that the chain chokes the outflow of lubricating oil, which has collected in the oil reservoir, into the oil sump. The actuator here is not connected to a clutch. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0009]    In view of constantly growing demands for energy efficiency of a motor vehicle, embodiments provide a distribution gear mechanism of the type described above having a robust and reliable construction which reduces losses due to the splashing of the chain drive in the fluid, and which allows simple construction due to the dual use of an fluid pump. 
         [0010]    Advantageously, embodiments relate to an adjustment mechanism configured to control the fluid level and a clutch which may be activated simultaneously with the adjustment mechanism by an actuating mechanism, such as, for example, a hydraulic-type actuating mechanism. 
         [0011]    Advantageously, the actuating mechanism in accordance with embodiments may be an fluid pump, the suction side of which is operatively connected to the adjustment mechanism. It is advantageous if the fluid pump is operatively connected to the adjustment mechanism via a non-return valve. 
         [0012]    It is advantageous if the adjustment mechanism contains an actuator which is configured to act on a flap which may also be activated by a bias mechanism such as, for example, a spring. 
         [0013]    In accordance with embodiments, a distribution gear mechanism may include at least one of the following: an input shaft; a first output shaft; a second output shaft; a torque transmission device having a clutch configured to distribute to the first output shaft and the second output shaft a drive moment which is introduced via the input shaft; a chain drive between the torque transmission device and the second output shaft; a fluid sump configured to receive a lubricating fluid, wherein a lower cog is configured to engage in the fluid sump and lubricating fluid may be conveyed from the fluid sump in the direction of an upper cog by way of the chain drive; a fluid reservoir is configured to collect the lubricating fluid; an adjustment mechanism configured to close an outlet opening of the fluid reservoir which is fluidically connected to the fluid sump; and an actuating mechanism configured to simultaneously activate the adjustment mechanism and the clutch. 
         [0014]    In accordance with embodiments, a distribution gear mechanism may include at least one of the following: a torque transmission device having a clutch; a fluid sump configured to receive a lubricating fluid, wherein a lower cog is configured to engage in the fluid sump and the lubricating fluid may be conveyed from the fluid sump in the direction of an upper cog by way of a chain drive; a fluid reservoir configured to collect the lubricating fluid and which is fluidically connected to the fluid sump; an adjustment mechanism configured to open and close an outlet opening of the fluid reservoir to the fluid sump; and an actuating mechanism configured to simultaneously activate the adjustment mechanism and the clutch. 
         [0015]    In accordance with embodiments, a distribution gear mechanism may include at least one of the following: a clutch; a fluid sump; a fluid reservoir configured to collect lubricating fluid and which is fluidically connected to the fluid sump; an actuating mechanism operatively connected to the clutch and the adjustment mechanism and configured to simultaneously activate the adjustment mechanism and the clutch; a shut-off mechanism configured to fluidically connect and disconnect the fluid reservoir and the fluid sump; and a shut-off actuator configured to actuate the shut-off mechanism. 
     
    
     
       DRAWINGS 
         [0016]    Embodiments will be illustrated by way of example in the drawings and explained in the description below. 
           [0017]      FIG. 1  illustrates a distribution gear mechanism with a closure mechanism, in accordance with embodiments. 
           [0018]      FIG. 2  illustrates a hydraulic-type actuating mechanism in a first phase, in accordance with embodiments. 
           [0019]      FIG. 3  illustrates an a hydraulic-type actuating mechanism in a second phase, in accordance with embodiments. 
           [0020]      FIG. 4  illustrates a closure mechanism in accordance with embodiments. 
       
    
    
     DESCRIPTION 
       [0021]    As illustrated in  FIG. 1 , a distribution gear mechanism in accordance with embodiments has a two-piece housing, of which only one half of the housing  11  is illustrated. The housing  11  has a flange face  13  on which a corresponding flange face of the other housing half lies in a mounted state. 
         [0022]    An input shaft  15  is rotatably mounted in the housing  11  by way of a roller bearing. The input shaft  15  is operatively connected by force fit to a drive unit of a motor vehicle, such as, for example, to the output element of a main gear mechanism which is associated with an internal combustion engine. The input shaft  15  may be formed integrally with a first output shaft  17 . The first output shaft  17  may be operatively connected, for example, by force fit to an axle differential of the rear axle of the motor vehicle. 
         [0023]    A second output shaft  19  is rotatably mounted in the housing  11  so as to be spatially offset and parallel to the input shaft  15 . The second output shaft  19  may be spatially positioned below the input shaft  15 . The second output shaft  19  may be operatively connected by force fit to an axle differential of the front axle of the motor vehicle. 
         [0024]    Using a friction clutch, a portion of the drive moment introduced via the input shaft  15  may be transmitted optionally to the second output shaft  19 , and hence, to the front axle of the motor vehicle. For this, a chain drive  21  may be active between the friction clutch and the second output shaft  19 . A first part of the friction clutch is fixedly connected rotationally to the input shaft  15 , and a second part of the friction clutch is fixedly connected rotationally to an upper sprocket  23  of the chain drive  21 . The upper sprocket  23  is operatively connected via a chain  25  to a lower sprocket  27 . The lower sprocket  27  is fixedly connected rotationally to the second output shaft  19 . 
         [0025]    The lower sprocket  27  and the portion of the chain  25  lying on the lower sprocket  27  engage in an fluid sump  31 , such as, for example, an oil sump. The fluid sump  31  at a bottom region forms the housing half  11  and is filled with a lubricating fluid, such as, for example, a lubricating oil. The lubricating fluid serves to lubricate and/or cool components of the distribution gear mechanism, in particular to lubricate and cool the plates of the friction clutch. In the operation of the distribution gear mechanism, the lubricating fluid in the fluid sump  31  may be carried by the chain  25  along a chain duct  29  in the direction of the upper sprocket  23 . In the region of the upper sprocket  23 , the carried lubricating fluid may, for example, be flung off or scraped off, in which the lubricating fluid is then supplied via a suitable supply device, for example, via a channel, to the friction clutch and where applicable further lubrication points (e.g., bearings). 
         [0026]    In addition to the fluid sump  31 , a fluid reservoir  33  may be formed in the housing  11 . The fluid reservoir  33  serves to collect the lubricating fluid which flows or is otherwise conducted completely or largely into the fluid reservoir  33  via a suitable return device (e.g., fluid channel or fluid line) after suitable lubricating and cooling of the friction clutch (and where applicable, the bearings). The fluid reservoir  33  is arranged radially offset to the fluid sump  31  in relation to the rotary axis A of the lower sprocket  27 . 
         [0027]    Advantageously, in accordance with embodiments, the clutch in the distribution gear box may be actuated by a common fluid pump, and thus, multiple functions, such as, for example, “closing the clutch” and “increasing the fluid level in the fluid sump,” may be performed simultaneously in communicating pressure conditions. 
         [0028]      FIG. 2  illustrates a diagrammatic structure of a hydraulic-type actuating mechanism with a clutch  10  which is operatively connected to a fluid pump  9  via a connection  2 . The suction side of the fluid pump  9  is operatively connected to an actuator  7  which acts on a shut-off mechanism  1 . The shut-off mechanism  1  in accordance with embodiments has a flap  6  which is operatively connected to a bias mechanism  8 , such as, for example, a spring  8 . The flap  6 , under force of the bias mechanism  8  which engages it, closes the fluid reservoir of the housing  11  against the fluid sump  31 . Parallel to the intake line is a connection via an overpressure valve  3  between the clutch  10  and the fluid reservoir  33 . 
         [0029]    If no moment is required at the clutch  10 , the fluid pump  9  may be operated in the direction illustrated in the drawing, and hence, may pump fluid from the clutch  10  in the direction of the suction side. A non-return valve arranged in the suction line allows pressure to build up on the suction side, and the fluid pump thus operates the actuator  7  on the shut-off mechanism  1 . The fluid level in the fluid sump  31  is therefore low, whereas the fluid level in the housing  11  is high. As a result the splash losses in the fluid sump are advantageously minimized. Only a small volume of fluid is conveyed, but this is not necessary if the clutch  10  is open and need not be lubricated. 
         [0030]    If a moment is now again required at the clutch, the working direction of the pump  9  is again reversed, the pressure in the suction line falls and the actuator is deactivated, as illustrated in  FIG. 3 . If now the clutch  10  is activated or switched, the fluid pump  9  pumps fluid in the direction of clutch  10  which is thus closed. 
         [0031]    Due to the power of the pump  9  in the direction of the clutch  10 , the pressure in the suction line falls and the actuator  7  is deactivated. The shut-off mechanism  1  opens the fluidic connection between the fluid capture chamber and the fluid sump  31 . The fluid collected flows to the chain  25  or the cog and is now available for cooling the clutch  10  and lubricating components. 
         [0032]    In order not to overload the motor-pump unit on reverse rotation, and to guarantee reliably the rotation of the pump  9  in the opening direction, an overflow device  34  may be provided on the piston of the actuator. The upper part of  FIG. 4  illustrates the overflow device  34  diagrammatically. The overflowing fluid may be guided directly to the fluid reservoir  33  or also in a targeted manner to the components to be supplied or to a filter. The latter embodiment is not illustrated further in the drawing. If the bias mechanism  8  of the flap  6  generates a sufficiently high back pressure, the pressure may support the reclosing and moment build-up of the clutch  10 . 
         [0033]    The non-return valve may be omitted if the piston on the flap  6  actuator allows a travel-dependent fluid flow  35  in the direction of the pump  9 , as illustrated in the lower part of  FIG. 4 . 
         [0034]    The term “coupled” or “connected” may be used herein to refer to any type of relationship, direct or indirect, between the components in question, and may apply to electrical, mechanical, fluid, optical, electromagnetic, electromechanical or other connections. In addition, the terms “first,” “second,” etc. are used herein only to facilitate discussion, and carry no particular temporal or chronological signifimayce unless otherwise indicated. 
         [0035]    Those skilled in the art will appreciate from the foregoing description that the broad techniques of the embodiments may be implemented in a variety of forms. Therefore, while the embodiments have been described in connection with particular examples thereof, the true scope of the embodiments should not be so limited since other modifications will become apparent to the skilled practitioner upon a study of the drawings, specification, and following claims 
       LIST OF REFERENCE SIGNS 
       [0000]    
       
           1  Closure mechanism 
           2  Clutch supply 
           3  Overpressure valve 
           4  Electric motor 
           5  Non-return valve 
           6  Flap 
           7  Actuator 
           8  Spring 
           9  Fluid pump 
           10  Clutch 
           11  Housing half 
           13  Flange surface 
           15  Input shaft 
           17  First output shaft 
           19  Second output shaft 
           21  Chain drive 
           23  Upper sprocket 
           25  Chain 
           27  Lower sprocket 
           29  Chain duct 
           31  Fluid sump 
           33  Fluid reservoir 
           34  Overflow 
           35  Fluid stream