Abstract:
An apparatus for printing containers in several colors on an outer container surface with an imprint formed by a print image includes printing head units, a pair of transport systems for moving the head units along a first direction on a closed path, container receptacles, a second transport system moving the receptacles between a feed and a discharge. The transport systems form a printing section between the feed and discharge. One of the transport systems causes controlled and independent motion of the printing head units or receptacles along a motion path thereof.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     This application is the national phase under 35 USC 371 of international application no. PCT/EP2011/001754, filed Apr. 8, 2011, which claims the benefit of the priority date of German application no. 10 2010 020 985.9, filed May 19, 2010. The contents of the aforementioned applications are incorporated herein in their entirety. 
     FIELD OF DISCLOSURE 
     The invention relates to a device for printing containers in several colors on an outer container surface with an imprint formed by a print image. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Containers within the meaning of the invention, in particular, are packaging means designed as containers for filling material of different types and especially bottles or bottle-like containers or cans or can-like containers. Printing colours or printing inks within the meaning of the invention are those colours or inks, especially in liquid or slightly viscous form, which can be processed with printing heads which preferably can be digitally selected and operate according to the ink-jet printing head principle. 
     Printing heads within this meaning, in particular, are printing heads having a plurality of printing nozzles or printing apertures for applying the printing colour or printing ink, for example in at least one row, and which can be electrically selected individually for applying the printing colour or printing ink and, for this purpose, have a pressure-producing element at the respective nozzle aperture, for example taking the form of an electrode or of a piezo element. 
     Devices of the generic type for printing containers using printing heads operating according to the ink-jet printing principle and under relative motion between the printing heads and the respective container during printing are known (DE 10 2007 036 752). A known device of this type has two transport systems in the form of two support rings concentrically arranged to each other about a vertical machine axis and rotatably drivable about this machine axis. At the outer support ring, container receptacles are provided, distributed at uniform and preset angular distances about the vertical machine axis. At the inner support ring, also at preset angular distances, printing head units are provided each with a printing unit having several printing heads. The multicolour print images are applied to the containers, each arranged at a container receptacle, on a printing section which corresponds to the angular range of the rotary motion of the support rings between a container infeed and a container outfeed, namely in successive printing steps wherein, in each printing step, a colour set of the respective print image is produced. During the respective printing operation, the support rings and thus the printing head units and containers are moved synchronously, i.e. in the same direction and with the same angular speed. The inner support ring is additionally designed for an oscillating rotary motion, namely in the form that, following the application of a print image or of a colour set onto a container, a further container is then printed with the same printing head unit. 
     SUMMARY 
     The task of the invention is to show a device by which, with improved performance and with reduced design effort, the printing of containers with at least one high-quality imprint each formed by at least one print image is possible. 
     A feature of the device according to the invention is that at least one transport system is designed such that, on the printing section, the container receptacles and their respective printing head units allocated during printing are moved synchronously, i.e. in the same direction and with the same speed but, outside the transport section, the printing head units or container receptacles of this transport system can be moved with changed speed, for example with increased speed and/or in a controlled manner but independently of the remaining printing head units or container receptacles. For this purpose, the corresponding transport system is preferably designed with a linear drive that enables a motion of the printing head units or container receptacles at least on different sections of the motion path of the transport system with changed speed. Such linear drives, for example, are electromotive drives operating according to the linear motor principle which have, at a fixed fitting that forms a guide for movable carriages, in the motion direction or transport direction of the carriages, a plurality of successive magnetic poles with associated, individually selectable windings and permanent magnets at the carriages. Such a linear drive is offered by Siemens AG on the market under the “PackTrak” brand. Linear drives within the meaning of the invention, however, also include drives in which the carriages guided in a guide are moved in the transport direction by means of mechanical drive elements, for example by means of transport belts or conveyor belts, wherein the speed of the drive elements on different sections of the motion path of the carriage can be individually controlled. 
     The invention is based on the knowledge that, for maximum performance of the device (number of printed containers per time unit), taking into account the time required for completing the respective print image, said time, inter alia, being determined by the speed of the printing heads and by the drying time of the printing colours, a preferably close succession of container receptacles and their allocated printing head units on the printing section shall be aimed for, suitably adapting the conveying speed and the length of the printing section, that, however, a clear reduction in the number of the required printing head units and container receptacles and thus, inter alia, a clear reduction in the design effort is possible by the accelerated return of these elements from the printing section end or printing section outfeed to the printing section inlet. 
     By using the flexible transport system designed for independent motion of the printing head units or container receptacles, it is also possible to implement waiting positions for the printing head units or container receptacles which, for example, include waiting positions for refilling the printing head units with printing colour or printing ink, for cleaning the printing head units or the local printing heads etc. 
     The device according to the invention allows accurate positioning of the printing units or printing heads in relation to the respective container. In particular, it is also possible, with the device according to the invention, to completely produce the respective print image with the printing head unit allocated to the container receptacle, i.e. a changeover of printing head units while producing a print image is not required. 
     Further developments, advantages and possible applications of the invention also follow from the description below of execution examples and from the Figures. To this end, all features described and/or pictorially represented, for themselves or in any combination, in principle, are the subject matter of the invention, irrespective of their summary in the claims or their retrospectivity. The contents of the claims is also made part of the description. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES 
       Hereinafter, the invention is explained in more detail using execution examples with reference to the Figures, showing: 
         FIG. 1  in schematic representation and, essentially, in plan view: a device for printing containers each with at least one print image in a multicolour print image; 
         FIG. 2  in schematic representation: two container receptacles of the second transport system for the containers; 
         FIG. 3  in simplified representation: a vertical section through the treatment section or printing section of the device of  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 4  a plan view of the arrangement of  FIG. 3 ; 
         FIGS. 5 and 6 : representations like  FIG. 4  for two further embodiments of the printing head unit. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The device generally designated  1  in the Figures serves to print containers which, as an example, are represented in the form of bottles, each with at least one print image DB in the form of a multicolour print consisting of several colour sets FS of different colour choices complementing the print image, said colour sets being schematically represented in  FIG. 2  in the form of several stripes which, however, in fact are several overlaid colour sets FS, e.g. for the colours Black, Yellow, Magenta and Cyan. 
     The device  1  has, in the embodiment shown, two transport systems, namely a first transport system  3  and a second transport system  4 . The first transport system  3  includes a plurality of printing head units  5  which, individually and independently of each other but in the manner described below in more detail, can be controlledly moved in a motion direction or transport direction A on a closed motion path  6  which, in the embodiment shown, is essentially oval, namely also along a treatment section or printing section designated  7  in  FIG. 1  and straight in the embodiment shown, said treatment section or printing section extending between a printing section infeed  7 . 1  and a printing section outfeed  7 . 2 . 
     The second transport system  4  essentially serves to transport the containers  2 , which are arranged in container receptacles  8  ( FIGS. 2 and 3 ) and with their container axes oriented in the vertical direction, through the printing section  7  in the transport direction B and in the manner more detailedly described below for controlled rotation or pivoting of the containers  2  about their vertical container axes during printing. 
     In  FIG. 1 , the transport system  4  is, for the sake of easier representation, only shown on a partial length in the area of the printing section  7 ; in fact, however, the transport system  4  is designed such that the receptacles  8  also move on a closed motion path  9 , namely, in an embodiment shown, also independently of each other but controlled in the manner more detailedly described below. 
     The printing head units  5  each comprise a carriage  9  which, along the motion path  6 , is movably guided on a carriage guide (not shown) and on which the respective printing unit  10  is arranged which, in the embodiment shown, has four successive printing heads  11  in the horizontal direction for different colours, e.g. for Yellow, Magenta, Cyan and Black for producing the different colour sets FS of a multicolour imprint. 
     The printing heads  11  are digitally controllable printing heads in the style of ink-jet printing heads, for example printing heads available on the market under the designation “XAAR” or “XAAR500”. Essentially, the printing heads  11  each consist of a housing with a plurality of individually selectable printing nozzles or nozzle apertures for applying the printing colour or printing ink in the distribution and quantity, which correspond to the respective print image DB and colour extract FS, onto the substrate to be printed, i.e. onto the outer or peripheral surface to be printed which, for example, is circular cylinder shaped, of the containers  2 . The printing nozzles, with their axes arranged horizontally or essentially horizontally, are arranged at each printing head  11  in at least one vertical row. The application of the printing colour or printing ink is achieved by an appropriate selection of electrodes or of piezo elements or actuators in the printing heads  11 . 
     In addition, on each carriage  9 , a supply unit  12  is provided which, on the one hand, has means for refilling the printing heads  11  with the respective printing colour or printing ink, for example in the form of a separate storage or auxiliary tank  13  for each printing colour or printing ink with associated pump  14  for delivering the printing colour or printing ink into the associated printing head  11 . The supply and control unit  12  further comprises electronics  15  which, inter alia, serve to control the printing heads  11  or to control the application of the printing colour or printing ink in the distribution and quantity, which correspond to the respective print image DB or colour extract FS, onto the containers  2  to be printed, in which however, preferably, the respective print image DB or the printing template corresponding to this print image is also electronically stored in a memory. The reading in and/or changing of the printing templates electronically stored in the memory of the electronics  15  of the printing head units are performed by a higher, central control unit  16 , if necessary also such that the printing templates of the printing head units  5  are different, providing this is desired for a different printing of the containers  2 . For the transmission and/or changing of the printing templates and also for further control processes, each printing head unit  5  or its electronics  15  is or are connected, via a data transmission section  17  enabling a bidirectional transfer of data and/or commands, with the control unit  16 . 
     For the individual yet controlled motion of the printing head units  5 , the transport system  3  has a linear drive  18  extending along the motion path  6 , said linear drive being held by beams  19  on a machine frame and forming the carriage guide and, in the manner known to those skilled in the art, consisting of a plurality of successive magnetic poles along the motion path with associated electric windings and permanent magnets, which are assigned to these magnetic poles, at the carriages  9  of the printing head units  5 . 
     In the embodiment shown, the motion path  6  is designed such that it has two longer sections  6 . 1  and  6 . 2  running straight and parallel and at a distance from each other and two curved sections  6 . 3  and  6 . 4  each connecting the sections  6 . 1  and  6 . 2  with each other. Using the control unit  16 , the linear drive  18  can be controlled such that very different motions result for the individual printing head units  5  at least at different sections or partial sections of the motion path  6 . Thus, for example, a group of printing head units  5  on the section  6 . 1  is in a waiting position from which the first printing head unit  5  relative to the transport direction A is accelerated across the section  6 . 4  to the printing section infeed  7 . 1  to then, for example, move more slowly but synchronously with the motion of a container receptacle  8 , in the manner described more detailedly below, along the printing section  7  for printing a container  2 . After reaching the printing section outfeed  7 . 2 , the respective printing head unit  5  is, for example, again accelerated back across the section  6 . 3  to the section  6 . 1  or to the local waiting position. The control of the linear drive  18  and thus of the motion of the printing head units  5  is performed by the control unit  16  via a data transmission section  20  enabling a bidirectional transfer of data and/or commands. 
     On the motion path  6 , filling stations  21  are provided, namely at the sections  6 . 3  and  6 . 4  for the embodiment shown. By means of the control unit  16 , the linear drive  18  further is controllable such that each printing head unit  5 , when passing a filling station  21 , is stopped for automatic refilling of the printing colours or printing inks. This refilling can occur automatically or on request, respectively, controlled by a signal corresponding to the respective filling level of the auxiliary tank  13  of the printing head units  5 . The filling stations  21 , too, are controlled by the control unit  16  by means of a data transmission section  22  enabling a bidirectional transfer of data and/or commands. The filling stations  21  are, for example, identically designed each enabling the refilling of all printing colours or printing inks, or the filling stations  21  are each designed for refilling only two printing colours. 
     The container receptacles  8  for example comprise a support carriage  23  which can be moved along the transport section  4  in the transport direction B, guided by a carriage guide (not shown) of a linear drive  24  also controlled by the control unit  16  via a data transmission section  24 . 1 , said linear guide being held by beams  25  at the machine frame and, equally, being designed like the linear drive  18 , i.e., for example, in turn consisting of a plurality of successive magnetic poles in the transport direction B and individually selectable magnetic windings allocated to these. Each carriage  23 , in turn, is provided with at least one permanent magnet interacting with the magnetic poles of the linear drive  24 . 
     On a longitudinal side of the carriage  23 , an L-shaped support foot  26  is attached, namely, in the embodiment shown, in the area of the upper end of the longer leg  26 . 1 , which extends in the vertical direction, of the support foot  26 . The shorter, horizontal leg  26 . 2  is provided, on its upper side, with a turntable  27  which, in the embodiment shown, is freely rotatable about a vertical axis VA and forms a standing surface for the bottom  2 . 1  of the respective container  2  received in the container receptacle  8  and arranged with its axis aligned with the axis VA. 
     At a distance above the turntable  27 , at a jib  28 , a lifting and rotating drive  29  is provided which, via a data transmission section  30  enabling a bidirectional transfer of data and/or commands, is connected with the control unit  16 . As regards drives, the lifting and rotating drive  29  is connected with a shaft  29 . 1  which, arranged aligned with the axis VA, carries a centring bell  31  at its lower end so that the centring bell  31  can, via the lifting and rotating drive  29  controlled by the control unit  16 , be raised and lowered by a specified stroke in the axial direction of the axis VA (double arrow C of  FIG. 2 ) and also controlledly pivoted about the axis VA (double arrow D of  FIGS. 2 and 3 ). 
     The function of the device  1  can be described as follows: 
     At a container infeed generally designated  32  in  FIG. 1 , the containers  2  which, for example, are filled and closed, each and individually are handed over by an outer transporter (not shown) to a container receptacle  8  moving past the container infeed  32 , namely with the centring bell  31  initially raised so that each container  2  with its container bottom  2 . 1  stands upright on the turntable  27  of the container receptacle  8  concerned. Following this, controlled by the control unit  16  and driven by the lifting and rotating drive  29 , the centring bell  31  is lowered so that the respective container  2  is received, in the area of its container mouth or in the area of the local container closure  2 . 2 , in the centring bell  31  and thus held between it and the turntable  27 . 
     The two transport systems  3  and  4  or their linear drives  18  and  24  are controlled such that whenever a container receptacle  8  with a container  2  has reached the printing section infeed  7 . 1 , there also is a printing head  5  which, for example, was accelerated from the section  6 . 1  or from the local waiting position and moved to the printing section infeed  7 . 1 . Starting from the printing section infeed  7 . 1 , the container receptacle  8  provided with a container  2  and the printing head unit  5  allocated to this container receptacle are moved synchronously, i.e. with the same speed and in the same transport direction A or B through the printing section  7 . To this end, the printing heads  11  of the printing unit  10  of the respective printing head unit  5  are arranged, in the manner shown in  FIG. 4 , adjacent to the peripheral surface, to be printed, of the respective container  2 , namely distributed at uniform angular distances about a partial area of the peripheral surface to be printed, which has a circular cylinder shape, of the container  2 . 
     By selecting the printing heads  11  using the electronics  15  or using the print image stored in these electronics, there occurs the multicolour printing of the container  2 , wherein the printing heads  11  apply the printing colour each in vertical rows and the two-dimensional print image DB is thus generated by controlled rotation (double arrow D) of the container about its vertical container axis or about the axis VA by the lifting and rotating drive  29  selected by the control unit  16 . In principle, this provides the possibility of applying the multicolour print or the print image DB in a single printing operation in which the container  2  is pivoted about its vertical container axis only once from a starting position into an end position corresponding to the complete print image DB, or the printing operation occurs in several working steps wherein, in each working step, by pivoting (double arrow D) the container  2  from the starting position to the end position, a colour set FS each of the multicolour print or of the print image DB or a combined colour set of at least two colours is produced. 
     As soon as the complete print image DB is applied to the container  2  concerned, but no later than when the container receptacle  8  concerned has reached the printing section outfeed  7 . 2 , the respective printing head unit  5  is moved independently of the motion of the container receptacle  8  across the section  6 . 3  and the section  6 . 1  into the waiting position. The container receptacle  8  with the printed container  2  is then, for example, initially accelerated to the container outfeed  33 , at which the printed container  2 , after lifting the centring bell  31 , is removed from the container receptacle  8  and passed on to an outer transporter (not shown). The then-empty container receptacle  8  for example reaches a waiting position of the transport system  4 , from which the container receptacles  8  are then again moved by the transport system  4  or by the linear conveyor  24  to the container infeed  32  for receiving a further container to be printed. 
     Above, it was assumed that the synchronous motion of the printing head units  5  and of the container receptacles  8  allocated to each of these occurs along the printing section  7  alone by corresponding selection of the linear drives  17  and  18 . In principle, there also is the possibility that, whenever a printing head unit  5  is allocated to a container receptacle  8  at the printing section infeed  7 . 1 , a coupling or connection is produced between the printing head unit  5  and this allocated container receptacle  8 , said coupling or connection, in addition to the synchronous drive by means of the linear drives  18  and  24 , ensuring accurate positioning of the respective printing head unit  5  relative to the associated container receptacle  8 . This coupling can, for example, be achieved by mechanical means and/or magnetically. In particular, it is then also possible that the motion of the respective printing head unit  5  and of the associated container receptacle  8  along the printing section  7  only occurs by means of a linear drive  18  or  24 , that is, for example, only the respective printing head unit  5  is moved by means of its linear drive  18  and carried along by means of associated container receptacles  8  or, vice versa, only the respective container receptacle  8  is moved by means of its linear drive  24  and the allocated printing head unit  5  is carried along by means of the mechanical connection. 
     At least the data transmission sections  17  and  30  are preferably designed for a wireless, bidirectional data and/or command transmission. To determine the position of the respective printing head unit  5  or of the respective container receptacle  8 , encoder elements are provided at the carriage  9  or  23 , for example in the form of permanent magnets which interact with sensor elements reacting to the magnetic field of these magnets, which are provided at least in critical areas of the respective motion path, for example at the printing section infeed  7 . 1  and/or at the printing section outlet  7 . 2  and/or at the refilling or filling stations  21  and/or at the parts of the motion path  6  which form the waiting location or position and/or at the container infeed  32  and/or at the container outfeed  33 . 
     While, in the embodiment shown in  FIGS. 1-4 , the respective printing unit  10  is designed such that the printing heads  11  are in an arc-shaped arrangement on a side, of the respective carriage  9 , that extends in the transport direction A and thus, on the printing section  7 , on the side facing the local transport section  4  ( FIG. 4 ),  FIG. 5  shows, in a representation that corresponds to  FIG. 4 , i.e. in plan view, a device  1   a  with printing head units  5   a  in which the printing heads  11 , which form the respective printing unit  10 , are provided in an arc-shaped marginal area of the carriage  9   a , this (marginal area) being oriented, at least on a partial length, perpendicular or transversal to the transport direction A of the printing head units  5   a.    
       FIG. 6  shows, in a representation like  FIG. 5 , as a further embodiment, a printing head unit  5   b  of a device  1   b  which differs from the device  1  in that, for the printing head units  5   b , the individual printing heads  11  in turn are provided in an arc-shaped marginal area of the respective carriage  9   b , this (marginal area) being oriented, at least on a partial length, perpendicular or transversal to the transport direction A of the printing head units  5   b , namely deviating from the printing head units  5   a  of  FIG. 5  such that the printing heads  11  move ahead of the associated container  2  relative to the transport direction A or B. 
     In the embodiments of  FIGS. 5 and 6 , the motion of the printing head units  5   a  or  5   b  and of each of their allocated container receptacles  8  along the printing section  7  occurs such that that the container receptacle  8  located at the printing section infeed  7 . 1  (pivoting area) is mechanically registered by a printing head unit  5   a , or the printing head unit  5   b  located at the printing section infeed  7 . 1  by a container receptacle  8 , and then carried along the printing section  7 . For this purpose, the linear drive  24  along the printing section  7 , for example, is not effective or at most supportive. Of course, even in these embodiments, it is possible to control both linear drives  18  and  24  in their section allocated to the printing section  7  by means of the control unit  16  such that, by means of this control alone, the synchronous motion between each container receptacle  8  and the allocated printing head unit  5   a  results along the printing section  7 . 
     The invention was described above, using execution examples. It is understood that changes and modifications are possible without departing from the inventive idea underlying the invention. Thus, it was assumed above that the printing section  7  is formed by two parallel, straight sections of the two transport systems  3  and  4 . It is understood that these sections of the transport systems  3  and  4 , for the printing head units  5 ,  5   a  or  5   b  and the container receptacles  8 , can also have a different path, for example a curved path. In principle, it is also possible to design the transport systems for the printing head units and the container receptacles such that these elements move along the printing section  7  not on two separate motion paths offset in the horizontal and/or vertical direction but on a common motion path such that, for example, behind each container receptacle  8  which has reached the printing section infeed  7 . 1 , a printing head unit  5 ,  5   a  or  5   b  is inserted or, vice versa, behind each printing head unit  5 ,  5   a  or  5   b  which has reached the printing section infeed  7 . 1 , a container receptacle  8  is inserted, wherein each of the mutually allocated printing head units  5 ,  5   a  or  5   b  and container receptacles  8  are connected with one another during the motion along the printing section  7  so that then, for example, the printing head units  5 ,  5   a  or  5   b  push or pull the container receptacles  8  not driven along the printing section  7  or, vice versa, the container receptacles  8  push or pull the printing head units  5 ,  5   a  or  5   b  not driven along the printing section  7 . 
     The connection, as regards drives, between the printing head units and container receptacles can, in turn, be achieved in many different ways, for example through mechanical coupling elements, through magnetic coupling etc. 
     Above, it was assumed that the two transport systems  3  and  4  each have, for the motion of the printing head units  5 ,  5   a  or  5   b  or of the container receptacles  8 , an electric linear drive directly acting on the carriages  9 ,  9   a ,  9   b  or  23 . Of course, other drives are also possible, for example drives having transport belts or conveyor belts but, in each case, preferably those enabling, on different sections of the transport sections or motion paths, different motion conditions for the printing head units  5 ,  5   a  or  5   b  and/or container receptacles  8  but ensuring, on the printing section  7 , a synchronous motion between the container receptacles  8  and the printing head units  5 ,  5   a  or  5   b  allocated to these. It is further possible to design only one transport system, for example the transport system  3  for the printing head units  5 ,  5   a  or  5   b  or the transport system  4  for the container receptacles  8  as a transport system of such flexibility and the other transport system for the container receptacles  8  or printing head units  5 ,  5   a  or  5   b  as a rigid transport system. 
     REFERENCE LIST 
     
         
           1 ,  1   a ,  1   b  device for printing containers 
           2  container 
           2 . 1  container bottom 
           2 . 2  container closure 
           3 ,  4  transport system 
           5 ,  5   a ,  5   b  printing head unit 
           6  motion path 
           6 . 1 - 6 . 4  sections of the motion path  6   
           7  printing section 
           7 . 1  printing section infeed (pivoting area) 
           7 . 2  printing section outfeed 
           8  container receptacle 
           9 ,  9   a ,  9   b  carriages 
           10  printing unit 
           11  printing head 
           12  supply and control unit 
           13  auxiliary tank 
           14  pump 
           15  electronics 
           16  central control unit 
           17  data transmission section 
           18  linear drive 
           19  beam 
           20  data transmission section 
           21  filling station 
           22  data transmission section 
           23  carriage 
           24  linear drive 
           24 . 1  data transmission section 
           25  beam 
           26  support foot 
           26 . 1 ,  26 . 2  leg 
           27  turntable 
           28  jib 
           29  lifting and rotating drive 
           29 . 1  shaft of the lifting and rotating drive 
           30  data transmission section 
           31  centring bell 
           32  container infeed 
           33  container outfeed 
         A, B transport direction 
         C stroke of the centring bell  31   
         D pivoting or rotary motion of the centring bell  31   
         VA axis