Abstract:
This is a super duty continuously variable transmission that uses an input differential assembly  3 , underdrive/accelerator pump assembly  4 , output differential/decelerator pump assembly  5 , overdrive assembly  6 , and a reverse, neutral, direct assembly. All assemblies are planetary gear sets in nature. The accelerator pump  4  and decelerator pump  5  control the rotation direction of the first four assemblies which changes the output shaft ratio infinitely over an upper and lower limit. The pumps are of the variable vane type and as one is pumping, the other acts like a turbine with the first pumps high pressure fluid pushing the back of the second pumps vanes, and visa versa.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS  
       [0001]    [0001]                                                           July, 1990   no name   Re.33,278           December, 2002   Schmidt   6,491,599           June, 1947   Duer   2,422,343                        
     
    
     
       STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OF DEVLOPMENT  
         [0002]    Not applicable  
         REFERENCE TO SEQUENCE LISTING  
         [0003]    Not applicable  
         BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0004]    Many attempts have been made with the continuously variable transmission (CVT) in the past. These designs are light duty in nature and do not address the need for a high torque capacity transmission. Light duty and heavy duty trucks are not compatible with the current (CVT) state of the art because of the high torque environment they must live in.  
           [0005]    The (SDCVT) type transmission is desirable for its smooth operation and the illumination of shock on the drive train which extends service life. Clutch life is increased, with only engagement from a standing start being necessary. Also, the engine can be kept at a constant speed for which it is most efficient.  
         BREIF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0006]    The (SDCVT) addresses these needs by not using the V-belt type transmission that is currently popular. The (SDCVT) uses four planetary gear sets for the infinite gear ratios over a given high and low limit; One set as an input differential, one set as an output differential, one set as an overdrive gear increaser and one set as an underdrive gear reducer. A fifth planetary gear set is used only for revese, neutral and direct drive (RND). “Direct drive” in this application only means direct (1:1) across (RND) planetary gear set, not direct across the entire transmission.  
           [0007]    Torque is allowed to pass either only through the overdrive gear (highest gear ratio) or only through the underdrive gear (lowest gear ratio), or an infinite combination there of.  
           [0008]    Control is provided by two pumps which are of the variable vane type. These pumps provide resistance at either the input differential or the output differential to split the torque in the desired direction. Only a small amount of resistance force is required to manipulate the input torque because a differential has one input and two outputs so the torque always has some place to go.  
           [0009]    The pumps also double as turbines, thereby recovering some of the lost energy caused during the pumping activity, therefore raising the overall efficiency of the transmission. As one of the pumps start working, the other acts as a turbine. This is similar to a torque converter that is reversible. Also, the pumps provide lubrication to the gears illuminating the need for the gears to spin through an oil bath as in manual transmissions, thereby increasing its efficiency.  
           [0010]    The (SDCTV) uses a conventional clutch to initially engage the transmission. Reverse gear also benefits from the infinite gear range if desired.  
           [0011]    A super duty continuously variable transmission with a input differential assembly 3, underdrive/accelerator pump assembly 4, output differential/decelerator pump assembly 5, overdrive assembly 6, and a reverse, neutral, direct assembly. The accelerator pump 4 and decelerator pump 5 control the rotation of the four planetary gears sets that determine the output shaft speed.  
       
    
    
     BRIEF DISCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS  
       [0012]    [0012]FIG. 1 is a sectional view of the case with the complete final gear assembly and shift linkage visible through the case.  
         [0013]    [0013]FIG. 2 is a complete gear assembly with pick-up and transfer tubes.  
         [0014]    [0014]FIG. 3 is an exploded view of FIG. 2.  
         [0015]    [0015]FIG. 4 is an exploded side view of the input differential assembly.  
         [0016]    [0016]FIG. 5 is a reverse view of FIG. 4  
         [0017]    [0017]FIG. 6 is an exploded side view of the underdrive gear assembly and integrated accelerator pump assembly.  
         [0018]    [0018]FIG. 7 is a reverse view of FIG. 6.  
         [0019]    [0019]FIG. 8 is an exploded side view of the output differential assembly and integrated decelerator pump assembly.  
         [0020]    [0020]FIG. 9 is a reverse view of FIG. 8.  
         [0021]    [0021]FIG. 10 is an exploded side view of the overdrive gear assembly.  
         [0022]    [0022]FIG. 11 is a reverse view of FIG. 10.  
         [0023]    [0023]FIG. 12 is an exploded side view of the reverse, neutral, direct assembly (RND).  
         [0024]    [0024]FIG. 13 is a reverse view of FIG. 12.  
         [0025]    [0025]FIG. 14 is a side view of the counter shaft.  
         [0026]    [0026]FIG. 15 is side view of the case with linkage.  
         [0027]    [0027]FIG. 16 is a top view of FIG. 15.  
         [0028]    [0028]FIG. 17 is a sectional side view of the inside case and linkage.  
         [0029]    [0029]FIG. 18 is sectional view of the case with the final gear assembly showing all fixed points.  
         [0030]    [0030]FIG. 19 is a schematic of the gear rotation in lowest underdrive.  
         [0031]    [0031]FIG. 20 is a schematic of the gear rotation midway between lowest underdrive and highest overdrive.  
         [0032]    [0032]FIG. 21 is a schematic of the gear rotation in highest overdrive.  
         [0033]    [0033]FIG. 22 is a schematic of the (RND) in direct.  
         [0034]    [0034]FIG. 23 is a schematic of the (RND) in reverse.  
         [0035]    [0035]FIG. 24 is a schematic of the (RND) in neutral.  
         [0036]    [0036]FIG. 25 is sectional side view of FIG. 2 without the (RND), transfer/pick-up tubes or non integrated pump parts.  
         [0037]    [0037]FIG. 26 is a transparent view of the accelerator and decelerator pump activity from a standing start.  
         [0038]    [0038]FIG. 27 is a transparent view of the accelerator and decelerator pump activity midway between underdrive and overdrive during acceleration.  
         [0039]    [0039]FIG. 28 is a transparent view of the accelerator and decelerator pump activity in highest overdrive.  
         [0040]    [0040]FIG. 29 is a transparent view of the accelerator and decelerator pump activity midway between overdrive and underdrive during deceleration.  
         [0041]    [0041]FIG. 30 is a transparent view of the accelerator and decelerator pump activity coming to a dead stop.  
     
    
       [0042]    A MASTER LIST OF ALL PARTS AND ASSEMLBIES  
         [0043]    [0043] 1 —final gear assembly  
         [0044]    [0044] 2 —(SDCVT) case  
         [0045]    [0045] 3 —input differential assembly  
         [0046]    [0046] 4 —underdrive gear assembly with integrated acceleration pump assembly  
         [0047]    [0047] 5 —output differential with integrated deceleration pump assembly  
         [0048]    [0048] 6 —overdrive gear assembly  
         [0049]    [0049] 7 —reverse, neutral, direct gear assembly (RND)  
         [0050]    [0050] 8 —transfer tube  
         [0051]    [0051] 9 —transfer tube  
         [0052]    [0052] 10 —pick-up tube  
         [0053]    [0053] 11 —counter shaft  
         [0054]    [0054] 12 —pick-up tube  
         [0055]    [0055] 13 —input shaft  
         [0056]    [0056] 14 —input base plate  
         [0057]    [0057] 15 —input differential internal gear  
         [0058]    [0058] 16 —input differential planet gear  
         [0059]    [0059] 17 —input differential carrier  
         [0060]    [0060] 18 —input differential sun gear and underdrive sun gear  
         [0061]    [0061] 19 —accelerator pump cover  
         [0062]    [0062] 20 —accelerator pump slide  
         [0063]    [0063] 21 —accelerator pump vane  
         [0064]    [0064] 22 —accelerator pump ring  
         [0065]    [0065] 23 —underdrive carrier and integrated accelerator pump base  
         [0066]    [0066] 24 —underdrive planet gear  
         [0067]    [0067] 25 —underdrive internal gear  
         [0068]    [0068] 26 —underdrive base plate with integrated output differential sun gear  
         [0069]    [0069] 27 —output differential carrier  
         [0070]    [0070] 28 —output differential planet gear  
         [0071]    [0071] 29 —output differential internal gear with integrated decelerator pump base and overdrive  
         [0072]    [0072] 30 —sun gear  
         [0073]    [0073] 30 —decelerator pump ring  
         [0074]    [0074] 31 —decelerator pump vane  
         [0075]    [0075] 32 —decelerator pump slide  
         [0076]    [0076] 33 —decelerator pump cover  
         [0077]    [0077] 34 —overdrive carrier  
         [0078]    [0078] 35 —overdrive planet gear  
         [0079]    [0079] 36 —overdrive internal gear  
         [0080]    [0080] 37 —(RND) sun gear  
         [0081]    [0081] 38 —(RND) carrier  
         [0082]    [0082] 39 —(RND) planet gear  
         [0083]    [0083] 40 —(RND) internal gear and integrated output shaft  
         [0084]    [0084] 41 —(RND) slider  
         [0085]    [0085] 43 —accelerator pump shift cam  
         [0086]    [0086] 44 —decelerator pump shift cam  
         [0087]    [0087] 45 —accelerator pump shift lever  
         [0088]    [0088] 46 —decelerator pump shift lever  
         [0089]    [0089] 47 —(RND) shift lever  
         [0090]    [0090] 48 —(RND) shift fork  
         [0091]    [0091] 49 —decelerator pump shift rod  
         [0092]    [0092] 50 —accelerator pump shift rod  
       DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
       [0093]    Note: (A “MASTER LIST OF ALL PARTS AND ASSEMBLIES” has been created for easier identification.)  
         [0094]    The (SDCVT) in this embodiment, is a longitudinal type transmission for use in vehicles with a rear axle. FIG. 1 shows a sectional view of the (SDCVT) case  2  with the final gear assembly  1 .  
         [0095]    The (SDCVT) uses four planetary gear sets with different members being held to achieve the desired torque multiplication. An accelerator pump  4  and a decelerator pump  5  provide the control. The four planetary gear sets are as follows in FIG. 2;  
         [0096]    The input differential assembly  3 , the underdrive gear/accelerator pump assembly  4 , the output differential/decelerator pump assembly  5 , and the overdrive assembly  6 . A fifth planetary gear set, the reverse, neutral, direct (RND) assembly  7  FIG. 12, is used only for reverse, neutral and direct and is not effected by the pumps. The “direct” reference in the (RND) assembly only indicates direct (1:1) across the (RND) its self, not across the entire (SDCVT). A counter shaft  11  is necessary to deliver power between the overdrive assembly  6  and the input differential assembly  3 . Transfer tubes  8  and  9  are used to direct oil between the pumps. Pick-up tubes  10  and  12  are used to feed the pumps from an oil bath.  
         [0097]    For the sake of this application, all internal gears have 62 teeth, all planet gears have 17 teeth and all sun gears have 28 teeth. It is not necessary to have a planetary gear set with this exact tooth count or is it necessary to have each of the five planetary gear sets be exactly the same but for the sake clarity, it is easier to quantify this embodiment.  
         [0098]    The following equations will help in verifying the gear ratios of this invention;  
         [0099]    NI=# of teeth on the internal gear=62  
         [0100]    NS=# of teeth on the sun gear=28  
         [0101]    NP=# of teeth on the planet gear=17  
         [0102]    If the internal gear is held and the sun gear drives the planet gear, therefore;  
         ratio=1+(NI/NS)=1+(62/28)=3.21:1  
         [0103]    If the internal gear is held and the planet gear carrier drives the sun gear, therefore;  
         ratio=1/1+(NI/NS)=1/1+(62/28)=0.31:1  
         [0104]    If the planet gear carrier is held and the sun gear drives the internal gear, then the gear set will go into reverse, therefore; ratio=(NINS)=(62/28)=2.21:1(reverse direction)  
         [0105]    If the sun gear is held and the planet gear carrier drives the internal gear, therefore;  
         ratio=1+(NS/NI)=1+(28/62)=1.45:1  
         [0106]    If the sun gear is held and the internal gear drives the planet gear, therefore;  
         ratio=1/1+(NI/NS)=1/1+(62/28)=0.68:1  
         [0107]    In a planetary gear set, the planet gear can only be driven and the planet carrier can only drive, because of the link between the planet gear and the carrier.  
         [0108]    For this discussion assume the input shaft is always turning clockwise at a constant speed.  
         [0109]    The scenario in FIG. 19 is acceleration from a standing start and the engine is driving the rear wheels (as opposed to the rear wheels driving the engine in deceleration). The output differential internal gear with integrated decelerator pump base and overdrive sun gear  29  FIG. 8 is prevented from turning counter clockwise by a dog (not shown) that would lock into the “shark fins” that extend from the outermost circumference. Since the output differential internal gear with integrated decelerator pump base and overdrive sun gear  29  is locked, it causes the input differential internal gear  15 , the overdrive carrier  34 , the overdrive planet gear  35  and the counter shaft  11  to lock. The engine is driving the input shaft  13  FIG. 4 which is splined to the input base plate  14  FIG. 4 which has dowels that insert the holes in the input differential carrier  17 . The input differential carrier  17  drives the input differential and underdrive sun gear  18  through the input differential planet gear  16  because the input differential internal gear  15  is being held resulting in a 0.31:1 ratio. This continues with the input differential and underdrive sun gear  18  driving the underdrive base plate and integrated output differential sun gear  26  through the underdrive planet gear  24  where the underdrive internal gear  25  is always fixed (see FIG. 18) resulting in a 3.21:1 ratio. This continues with the underdrive base plate and integrated output differential sun gear  26  driving the output differential carrier  27  through the output differential planet gear  28  because output differential internal gear with the integrated decelerator pump base and overdrive sun gear  29  is being held resulting in a 3.21:1 ratio. Therefore the final ratio is 0.31×3.21×0.3.21=3.21 or 3.21:1.  
         [0110]    The activity of the control pumps during this event is shown in FIG. 26. The output differential internal gear with integrated decelerator pump base and overdrive sun gear  29  is locked so the pump vanes  21  do not turn, but the underdrive carrier and integrated accelerator pump base  23  does turn. The underdrive carrier and integrated accelerator pump base  23  is turning but not pumping because the accelerator pump slide  20  is in a neutral, concentric position relative to the underdrive carrier and integrated accelerator pump base  23 .  
         [0111]    As the vehicle gets under way, gear division is desired while the engine is held at a constant rpm. FIG. 27 shows how the accelerator pump slide  20  is pushed to one side by the accelerator shift rod  50  FIG. 17 which is pushed by the accelerator shift lever  45  FIG. 15 which is pushed by the accelerator pump shift cam  43  FIG. 16. This causes oil to be drawn through pick-up tube  10 , the accelerator pump cover  19  and the accelerator pump slide  20  intake ports, and pumped out of the accelerator pump cover  19  and the accelerator pump slide  20  exhaust ports. This continues through the transfer tube  9 , the decelerator pump cover  33  and the decelerator pump slide  32  which are angled holes. The pressurized oil is pushed against the back of the decelerator pump vane  31  which makes the decelerator pump a turbine. The accelerator pump  4 , gives a resistance force against the direction of rotation thereby splitting the torque through the input differential assembly  3 . Some of the energy is recovered by using the decelerator pump  5 , as a turbine thereby raising the (SDCVT) efficiency.  
         [0112]    The gear rotation activity at this time can be viewed in FIG. 20 which is a mid gear realization which can not be calculated as easily as the lowest underdrive or the highest overdrive ratios but offers an infinite range between these two limits. All gears are rotating in FIG. 20 except for the underdrive internal gear  25  and the overdrive internal gear  36  which are always fixed (see FIG. 18). In addition to the rotation activity in FIG. 19, the input differential internal gear  16  is rotating opposite to the input differential internal gear  15 , which is rotating opposite to the counter shaft  11 , which is rotating opposite to the overdrive carrier  34 , which is rotating the overdrive planet gear  35 . This in turn causes the output differential internal gear with integrated decelerator pump base and overdrive sun gear  29  to rotate in the opposite direction with respect to the output differential planet gear  28 .  
         [0113]    If further gear division is desired, then the accelerator pump slide  20  is pushed all the way in by the accelerator shift rod  50  causing the accelerator pump to hydro lock because the accelerator pump slide  20  exhaust port is no longer aligned with the accelerator pump cover  19  exhaust port. This causes the (SDCVT) to be in its highest overdrive ratio, 0.31:1. Torque is no longer split through the input differential assembly  3  because the underdrive carrier and integrated accelerator pump base  23  is locked, therefore locking the input differential and underdrive sun gear  18 , the underdrive base plate and integrated output differential sun gear  26 , and the underdrive planet gear  24 . This causes the input differential carrier  17  to drive the input differential internal gear  15  through the input differential internal gear  16  resulting in a 1.45:1 ratio. This causes the input differential internal gear  15  to drive the output differential internal gear with integrated decelerator pump base and overdrive sun gear  29  through the counter shaft  11 , the overdrive carrier  34 , and the overdrive planet gear  35  resulting in a 0.31:1 ratio. Finally, the output differential carrier  27  is driven by the output differential internal gear with integrated decelerator pump base and overdrive sun gear  29  through the output differential internal gear with integrated decelerator  28  which gives a 0.68:1 ratio. Therefore the final ratio is 1.45×0.31×0.68=0.31:1.  
         [0114]    If engine braking is desired from a high road speed (down shifting), then the events as seen in FIG. 29 must take place. Here, the decelerator pump slide  32  is being pushed in by the decelerator shift rod  49  FIG. 17 which is pushed by the decelerator shift lever  46  FIG. 15 which is pushed by the decelerator shift cam  44  FIG. 16. This causes the decelerator pump  5 , to start driving the accelerator pump  4  with pressurized oil in a similar manner as described in FIG. 27 except in reverse. The accelerator pump  4  is now the turbine which increases the (SDCVT) over all efficiency. Gear rotation is similar to FIG. 20. And can not be calculated easily, but offers an infinite range between 0.31:1 and 3.21:1.  
         [0115]    [0115]FIG. 30 shows that the accelerator pump slide  20  is pushed in all the way by the decelerator shift rod  49  causing the exhaust ports in the accelerator pump slide  20  and the decelerator pump cover  33  to be blocked therefore causing the decelerator pump  5  to hydro lock resulting in a 3.21:1 ratio if the rear wheels are driving the engine.  
         [0116]    Neutral is achieved by the reverse, neutral, direct assembly (RND)  7 . The (RND) sun gear  37  FIG. 13 is splined by the output differential carrier  27 . In FIG. 24, the (RND) slider  41  has been pushed forward by the (RND) shift fork  48  FIG. 17 which is pushed by the (RND) shift lever  47  FIG. 15. In this position, (RND) slider  41  is not splined with the (RND) carrier  38  which does not allow any power to be transferred to the (RND) internal gear and integrated output shaft  40 .  
         [0117]    Reverse is achieved by pushing the (RND) slider  41  all the way back with the (RND) shift fork  48  so as to spline with (SDCVT) case  2  as seen in FIG. 23. This locks the (RND) carrier  38  causing the (RND) internal gear and integrated output shaft  40  to rotate in the opposite direction of the output differential carrier  27 . In this embodiment it is a 1.45:1 ratio, which can be can be combined with any of the forward gear ratios (3.21:1 through 0.31:1) if desired.  
         [0118]    Direct is shown in FIG. 22 where the (RND) carrier  38  and the (RND) internal gear and integrated output shaft  40  are splined together by the (RND) slider  41  when pushed by the (RND) shift fork  48 . In this position, the (RND) assembly  7  is locked together, therefore rotating at the same speed and direction as the output differential carrier  27 . Direct in this invention only means direct across the (RND) assembly  7 , not direct across the entire (SDCVT).  
         [0119]    For a more detailed view of the assembly order of each of the afore mentioned assemblies and parts, examine FIG. 4 through FIG. 17.