Abstract:
A light amount control apparatus includes at least one blade member facing an optical axis aperture on a base plate and freely opening and closing the aperture, a rotating magnet rotor interconnected with the blade member to open and close the blade members, a coil and/or soft magnetic member to apply rotational torque to the magnet rotor, and a regulating device to regulate the movement of the magnet rotor within a prescribed angle. The regulating device is located to provide the magnetic rotor with an opening region and a closing region different from each other with respect to a neutral point so that a rotational torque acting on the magnet rotor differs by the regulating device to regulate the rotational movement of the at least one blade member in the opening and closing regions.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The present invention relates to a light quantity control apparatus used in various camera devices such as video cameras and still cameras. Specifically, it relates to a light quantity control unit such as a diaphragm for regulating the amount of light in a photographing operation or a shutter for blocking the light in a photographing operation. 
     2. Description of the Related Arts 
     This type of light quantity control unit is comprised of a ring shape base plate integrated in the photographing lens part and has an aperture, one or a plurality of blade members being revolvingly mounted to this base plate and border on the aperture, and an electro-magnetic drive unit interlocked to the blade member and mounted to said base plate. By applying an electric current to this electro-magnetic drive unit, said blade member revolves and the aperture is blocked or the diameter of the aperture is reduced. 
     Conventionally, this electro-magnetic drive unit was integrated into one unit with said base plate and various methods thereof have been proposed. As a representative drive unit, there is a method of supporting and holding a magnetic rotor with a coil frame revolving freely, winding a coil on the coil frame to envelope the rotor, covering the periphery thereof with a yoke, and revolving the rotor according to Fleming&#39;s left-hand rule by exciting this coil as is disclosed, for example, in Japanese Patent Publication (Kokaihei) No. 10-221740. As described in Kokaihei 10-221740, it is proposed that this drive unit is mounted on the aforementioned base plate to transmit the rotating force of said magnet rotor to the blade member. 
     Also, there is another method of supporting and holding a magnet rotor at the peripheral part of the base plate in the direction of the optical axis, mounting a coil wound similarly at the peripheral part in the direction orthogonal to the optical axis, opposingly arranging the leading ends of a pair of soft magnetic members, each end being connected to said coil at the periphery of said magnet rotor, forming magnetic poles at the leading ends of these soft magnetic members by conducting to the coil, and obtaining a turning torque between the magnetic poles polarized in the magnetic rotor as is proposed, for example, in Japanese Patent Publication (Kokaihei) No. 6-258683. When using this method, a coil, paired soft magnetic members and a magnetic roller are arranged. 
     To reciprocally operate blade members in the opening and closing directions with a prescribed angle in the conventional drive apparatuses, an operation regulating means such as a stopper, for example, was established between the drive unit and the blade members. 
     In the conventional regulating means, the notable force of the rotational torque is applied when rotating blade members from a closed state to the opening direction, and conversely, the rotational torque is applied when rotating blade members from an open state to the closing direction. It is obvious that the operation to open and then to close these blades is symmetrical and that it is necessary to control the photographing conditions. 
     However, in recent cameras that are equipped with photoelectric converting elements, there are cases in which the closing operation from the blade members being in an open state is used in a photographic condition such that the camera leaves the shutter blades open when not operating and closes them when photographing an image. Because quick-operation is required in the closing direction for the blade members at such time, the supplied current of the drive device is large and there must be many coils of wire, so the problem of the large consumption of power supplied and the enlarging of the device occur. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     An object of the present invention is to provide a light quantity control apparatus enabling speed control of photographic light quantity control such as the shutter blades according to the camera device photographic conditions without enlargement of the device nor large electrical power consumption, and to provide a camera device incorporating these light quantity control devices. 
     In order to achieve the aforementioned purpose, this invention is composed as follows. 
     First of all, a blade member having an optical axis aperture is arranged on a base plate to a border on the aperture. The apparatus includes a freely rotating magnet rotor linked to the opening and closing of the aforementioned blade members, a coil applying rotational torque to the magnet rotor and/or a soft magnetic member. Also, the rotational torque that acts on the aforementioned magnet rotor is made to be different from the regulating means that regulates the movement in the opening region and closing region of the shutter blades between the opening region and closing region of the shutter blades. What is further desirable is to attain this by establishing regulating means in positions where, in the opening and closing regions, the distance of the gap differs between the magnetic poles mounted to the aforementioned magnet rotor and the soft magnetic members that applies rotational torque by attracting with the magnetic poles. Also, this can be achieved by differing the revolving force of the coil that applies revolving torque to the aforementioned magnet rotor, in the aforementioned opening region and the closing region. 
     The aforementioned blade member can be a shutter blade to block the aforementioned optical axis aperture or it can be a diaphragm to regulate the amount of light from the optical axis aperture. 
     Particularly, in this invention, paired soft magnetic materials that abut the base end parts on the aforementioned coil and the aforementioned magnet rotor are arranged to the aforementioned base plate, the leading end of these paired soft magnetic materials are opposingly established to sandwich the aforementioned magnet rotor. A magnetic field is generated by the energized state of the aforementioned coil and is lead to the aforementioned soft magnetic materials thereby the aforementioned soft magnetic materials attract the magnetic poles mounted on the aforementioned magnet rotor. When the aforementioned coils are in a non-energized state, the magnetic poles mounted to the aforementioned magnet rotor are attracted by the aforementioned soft magnetic material causing rotational torque on each of the aforementioned magnet rotors which can be applied to the light quantity control apparatus. 
     Such a structure enables the quick opening and quick closing operations that match the photographic conditions of the camera on which it is used without an increase in the consumption of power or the number of coils. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the present invention and it is an exploded plan view showing the front side of a light quantity control unit. 
     FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of the present invention and it is an exploded plan view showing the back side of a light quantity control unit. 
     FIG.  3 ( a ) shows an embodiment of the present invention and it is a partial cross-sectional view showing the required parts of a light quantity control unit. 
     FIG.  3 ( b ) shows an embodiment of the present invention and it is a partial cross-sectional view showing the required parts of a light quantity control unit. 
     FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of the present invention and it is a partial cross-sectional view showing the required parts of a light quantity control unit. 
     FIG. 5 shows an embodiment of the present invention and it is a top view showing the required parts of a drive unit in a light quantity control unit. 
     FIG. 6 shows an embodiment of the present invention and it is a top view showing the required parts of a drive unit in a light quantity control unit. 
     FIG. 7 shows an embodiment of the present invention and it is a perspective view showing a camera device integrated with a light quantity control unit. 
     FIG. 8 shows an embodiment of the present invention and it is a schematic view showing the control circuit of a camera device integrated with a light quantity control unit. 
     FIG. 9 shows an embodiment of the present invention and it is a timing chart for a camera device integrated with a light quantity control unit. 
     FIG. 10 shows an embodiment of the present invention and it is a view for describing the operating principle of a light quantity control unit. 
     FIG. 11 shows an embodiment of the present invention and it is test data for the operating principle of a light quantity control unit. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     The following is a detailed explanation of the preferred embodiments of the present invention based on the drawings provided. 
     Below, working modes of the present invention will be explained based on the embodiments shown in the drawings. 
     Initially, the light quantity control unit in the present invention is composed by superposing shutter blades  3 , a middle plate  4 , and a diaphragm blade  5  in this order between a pair of top and bottom base plates  1  and  2  as shown in FIG.  1 . In addition, drive units (actuators)  6  and  7  (shown in FIG.  2 ), which open and close the shutter blades  3  and the diaphragm blade  5  separately are mounted to one of the base plates (the first base plate  1 ). 
     The opened state of the shutter blades  3  is shown at the side of the closed state. 
     The material of the first base plate  1  is a synthetic resin and is a molded product of, for example, polycarbonate resin mixed with 15% carbon fiber, and it is molded into a shape capable of being integrated to fit with the lens-barrel to be discussed later. As the size of the base plate  1  in the drawing, the diameter is 20 mm in conformance with the recent miniaturization of the lens-barrel. 
     An aperture  8  is provided to this base plate  1  so that the optical axis indicated with X—X in FIG. 1 is positioned at the center. On the front surface side thereof shown in FIG. 1, pins  9  and  10  composing the rotation axes of the shutter blades  3  and a pin  11  composing the rotation axis of the diaphragm blade  5  are formed integral to the base plate  1 . Pin members not integral to the base plate  1  can be mounted to the base plate  1  instead as these pins  9 ,  10 , and  11 . It is also possible to dispose these pins on the second base plate  2  side. The number thereof and the arranged positions are determined by the number of shutter blades and diaphragm blades to be discussed later. 
     On the surface of the aforementioned first base plate  1 , protruding guides  12  and  13  are provided for guiding the shutter blades  3  to the vicinity of the aperture  8 . In the embodiment shown in the drawing, the shutter blades are composed of two blades, so that two protruding guides are provided, namely, the guide  12  for supporting the bottom blade  3   a  out of the two shutter blades superposed on the first base plate and the guide  13  for supporting the top blade  3   b . These protruding guides are formed into a rib shape within the moving track of the respective blade to make the sliding motion of the blades  3   a  and  3   b  smooth. As the form thereof, it is possible to arrange plural protrusions parallel to the moving direction or form a plurality of protrusions in a concentric circle. 
     The guide  12 , which guides the bottom blade  3   a  out of the two superposed shutter blades, is constituted from a rib of uniform height so as to support the blade with the plane, which crosses the optical axis. 
     Similarly, even the guide  13 , which guides the top blade  3   b,  is constituted from a rib of uniform height so as to support the blade with the plane, which crosses the optical axis. 
     Difference in height is provided to these guides  12  and  13  so that a small gap (space) is formed between the superposed blades  3   a  and  3   b.  The guide  12 , which supports the bottom blade  3   a,  is low and the guide  13 , which supports the top blade  3   b,  is high. 
     In the embodiment shown in the drawing, difference in height is set at 0.2 mm for the guides  12  and  13  when thickness of the blade  3   a  is 0.04 mm so that a gap of 0.16 mm is formed between the blades  3   a  and  3   b.    
     Note that a slanted surface  12   s  which gradually becomes higher in the close area of the blade  3   a  is provided to the aforementioned guide  12 . The function of this structure will be discussed later. 
     With regards to the shutter blades  3 , various configurational forms are already known such as two blades, four blades, etc. but what is indicated in the drawing shows a configuration with two blades as one example. Regular shutter blades are fabricated by die cutting an aluminum thin plate then applying a coating of a black anodic oxide coating. However, in this case, the thickness of the aluminum thin plate is about 0.3 mm, the material is metal, and the specific gravity is high so the inertia of the shutter blades becomes great. In this case, the torque of the drive unit at the start and the bound of the shutter blades at the end create a problem when the blades are opened and closed at a high speed. 
     Therefore, the shutter blades shown in the drawing are fabricated by die cutting a resin film of the thickness 0.04 mm. This resin film is fabricated by annealing a polyester film containing black pigment then applying a mat coating having shielding property. 
     The two blades  3   a  and  3   b  shown in the drawing have arc shape curved parts  31   a  and  31   b  on the inside so as to open and close the aperture  8  by dividing into two. Also, the leading ends  32   a  and  32   b  thereof are formed to overlap even in the completely opened state. Engaging holes  33   a  and  33   b  which mate with the pins  9  and  10  formed to the aforementioned first base plate  1  are formed at the base end parts of the blades and these blades  3   a  and  3   b  open and close the aperture by swinging to the left and right with pins  9  and  10  as the center. 
     After the shutter blades  3  are integrated to the first base plate  1  in the manner noted above, the diaphragm blade  5  is integrated. However, in order to prevent the mutual interference of the shutter blades  3  and the diaphragm blade  5 , a middle plate  4  with the following configuration is provided. The middle plate  4  is composed from a flat plate member and is mounted to the first base plate  1 , which is integrated with the shutter blades  3 , by installing to the projecting parts  15   a,    15   b,    15   c,  and  15   d  provided to the first base plate and forming a small gap between the shutter blades  3 . The dimension of this small gap is from 0.2 mm to 0.4 mm. The middle plate  4  has positioning holes  41  and  42 , these positioning holes mate with the positioning pins  16  and  17  formed to the first substrate  1 , and the position thereof is guaranteed. 
     Note that the receiving parts  14   a  and  14   b  for the securing screws used to mount the second base plate  2  to be discussed later and provided to the first base plate  1  are avoided with the cutout parts  43  in the middle plate  4 . 
     Numeral  44  denoted in the drawing is the recess hole for the pins  9  and  10  in the base plate  1 , and  45  and  46  denoted in the drawing are the recess holes for the transmission member for the drive unit to be discussed later. 
     Next, the method for forming the middle plate  4  will be explained. This middle plate  4  is fabricated by die cutting a thin plate such as aluminum, etc. according to press working then applying a surface treatment of anodic oxide coating. In this case, the middle plate is mounted to the first base plate by facing the burr surface created by the press working to the diaphragm blade side and the opposite surface to the shutter blade side. 
     By press working a thin plate and fabricating the middle plate  4  in the manner noted above, it is possible to be made thinner by about a few millimeters when compared with a case of fabricating this by molding a synthetic resin. 
     The middle plate  4  shown in the drawing is fabricated by die cutting a resin film of thickness 0.04 mm in the same manner as the shutter blades  3 . This resin film is fabricated by annealing a polyester film containing black pigment then applying a mat coating having shielding property. 
     Even in this case, the middle plate is mounted on the first base plate by facing the burr surface created in the machining to the diaphragm blade side and the opposite surface to the shutter blade side. 
     Next, the configuration of the diaphragm blade  5  will be explained. As the diaphragm blade  5 , various configurations are known such as the double blade configuration in addition to the single blade configuration shown in the drawing and many of these can be applied to the present invention. The diaphragm blade  5  shown in the drawing is fabricated by die cutting a resin film of 0.04 mm thickness. This resin film is fabricated by annealing a polyester film containing black pigment then applying a mat coating having shielding property. 
     Namely, the shutter blade, the middle plate, and the diaphragm blade shown in the drawing are all fabricated by die cutting the same material so these three parts can be die cut in the same process during the manufacturing process. Therefore, the cost merit is great. 
     To this diaphragm blade  5 , an aperture  8 , an engaging hole  51  for the pin  11  formed to the first base plate, and a slit  52  which engages with the transmission member of the drive unit to be discussed later are formed. 
     Note that the pin  11  formed to the first base plate  1  is composed to mate with the engaging hole  51  in the diaphragm blade  5  by penetrating the recess hole  45  in the middle plate  4 . 
     As noted above, the shutter blades  3 , the middle plate  4 , and the diaphragm blade  5  are integrated to the first base plate  1  by being superposed in this order and the configurational parts are fixed by mounting a second base plate  2  on the first base plate  1  in a state of having interposed the middle plate  4  as shown in FIG.  3 ( a ) and FIG.  3 ( b ). 
     The second base plate  2  is fabricated by punching a metal plate such as aluminum, etc., an aperture  8  is formed at the center part thereof, and holes  21   a,    21   b,    21   c,  and  21   d  which mate with the pins  9 ,  10 ,  16 , and  17  formed to base plate  1  are formed at the peripheral part. In this second base plate  2 , dowel shape projecting parts  22   a,    22   b,    22   c,  and  22   d  projecting toward the back side of the paper surface in FIG. 1 are formed by machining at positions for joining with the projecting parts  15   a,    15   b,    15   c,  and  15   d  of the aforementioned first base plate  1 . 
     Therefore, the aforementioned middle plate  4  is interposed between the projecting parts  15   a,    15   b,    15   c,  and  15   d  of the first base plate  1  and the projecting parts  22   a,    22   b,    22   c,  and  22   d  of the second base plate  2  then fixed by coupling the two base plates with securing screws  60 . Also, the shutter blades  3   a  and  3   b  are supported between this middle plate  4  and the protruding guides  12  and  13  of the first base plate  1  and the diaphragm blade  5  is supported between this middle plate  4  and the second base plate  2 . 
     Incidentally, what was fabricated by punching a black polyester film into the shape shown in the drawing is said diaphragm blade  5  but it is also possible to adhere an ND filter (neutral density filter) so as to cover the aperture  8  in the diaphragm blade  5 . 
     Next, the drive unit for opening and closing the shutter blades  3  and the diaphragm blade  5  having the aforementioned configuration will be explained. 
     On the back face of the aforementioned first base plate  1  (shown in FIG.  2 ), a drive unit  6  for the shutter blades and a drive unit  7  for the diaphragm blade are mounted in identical configuration. 
     The two drive units  6  and  7  will be described by denoting with identical numbers. Flanges  61  and  62  are formed to the first base plate  1  to be integral to the first base plate  1 . A bracket shape holding member  63  is mounted to these two flanges  61  and  62  with securing screws  64 . A magnet rotor  65 , magnetic force inducing members  66  and  67 , and a coil  68  are held between the back face of the first base plate  1  and the holding member  63 . 
     Initially, the magnet rotor  65  is composed integrally by press fitting a shaft member  65   b  made of a synthetic resin into a cylindrical shape magnet  65   a  of a ferro-magnetic material (e.g., rare earth magnet) polarized for NS to oppose. An arm shape transmission member  69  is formed integral to this shaft member  65   b  and this arm shape transmission member  69  engages with the slits  34   a,    34   b,  and  52  in the blade members  3  and  5 . 
     Also, the coil  68  is constituted by winding a conductor in a spiral shape on a coil frame  68   a  of hollow cylindrical shape (prismatic shape in the coil frame shown in the drawing) and this coil  68  has a cylindrical shape as a whole. 
     These cylindrical shape magnet rotor  65  and coil  68  are arranged parallel to the direction of the optical axis (X—X). This is based on the common knowledge that arranging the cylindrical magnet rotor  65  and the coil  68  by conforming the direction can minimize the occupying space of these, and furthermore, arranging these parallel to the optical axis is most effective. 
     Said magnet rotor  65  and coil  68  are mounted as follows between the first base plate  1  and the holding member  63 . Initially, the magnet rotor  65  is supported rotatably by mating the two ends of the shaft  65   b  thereof with the mating hole  70  in the first base plate  1  and the mating hole  71  in the holding member  63 . The coil  68  is supported by being interposed between a pair of magnetic force inducing members  66  and  67  to be subsequently explained and these magnetic force inducing members  66  and  67  are fixed between the first base plate  1  and the holding member  63 . 
     The coil  68  and the magnet rotor  65  arranged at a parallel as described above are magnetically interlocked such that the magnetic field created in this coil forms 2 poles NS in the pair of magnetic force inducing members  66  and  67  at the periphery of the magnet rotor  65 . 
     Namely, the base end parts  66   a  and  67   a  of the magnetic force inducing members  66  and  67  are mated with the hollow open ends of the coil  68 . Consequently, the base ends thereof are arranged within the magnetic field created in the coil and the leading ends  66   b  and  67   b  of said members are opposingly arranged at the periphery of the magnet rotor  65  with a small space between the magnet rotor  65 . 
     There are mounting parts  66   c  and  67   c  at the center section of these magnetic force inducing members  66  and  67 . The magnetic force inducing members  66  and  67  are fixed by contacting these mounting parts  66   c  and  67   c  to the first base plate  1  and the holding member  63  and securing the holding member with screws. 
     Mounting parts  66   c  and  67   c  are positioned by mating the dowels  66   e  and  67   e  formed to these mounting parts with the hole  72  in the first base plate  1  and the hole  73  in the holding member  63 . Then, the base end parts  66   a  and  67   a  of the magnetic force inducing member  63  are assembled and fixed between the base plate  1  and the holding plate  63  with distance L being maintained as shown in FIG.  1 . At this time, the magnetic force inducing members  66  and  67  are provided with bending parts  66   f  and  67   f  in at least one section and the leading ends  66   b  and  67   b  thereof form magnetic poles at approximately the center of length L in the lengthwise direction of the coil  68 . 
     In the embodiment shown in the drawing, length m in the lengthwise direction of the magnet rotor  65  is shorter than direction L in the lengthwise direction of the coil  68  and has a relationship of L&gt;m. Therefore, whereas the back face of the first base plate  1  is formed to be more or less flat, difference in level  72  is provided on the holding member (bracket)  63  side and a large coil mounting space L and a small rotor mounting space m are formed between the first base plate  1  and the holding member  63 . 
     Therefore, one bending part  66   f  is bent slightly and the other bending part  67   f  is bent greatly in the aforementioned magnetic force inducing members  66  and  67 . However, it is preferable for the amount of bending to be equal so that the magnetic resistances of the aforementioned magnetic force inducing members  66  and  67  can be equalized. However, the amount of bending can be biased to one side based on the regulation in the layout of the other configurational parts as shown in the drawings. 
     The following magnetic fields are created in the aforementioned drive units  6  and  7 . 
     The aforementioned magnet rotor  65  is polarized so that two poles N-S are opposed and set apart by 180 degrees. At the periphery of this magnet rotor  65 , the leading ends  66   b  and  67   b  of the pair of magnetic force inducing members  66  and  67  are opposingly arranged and set apart by 180 degrees and the positions of these leading end curved parts  66   b  and  67   b  are set to minimize the distance to the rotor  65  to the utmost. 
     Therefore, the rotor  65  is constantly being attracted to either the leading end curved part  66   b  or  67   b  which ever is closer during a state of non-conduction to the coil  68 . During a state of conduction to the coil  68 , magnetic pole of either N-S is formed at the leading end curved parts  66   b  and  67   b  and receives a rotating force in the opposite direction. Then the rotating angle of said rotor  65  is regulated by the slits  74  and  75  formed to the first base plate  1  to be the open position shown in FIG.  5  and the close position shown in FIG.  6 . Namely, the rotor  65  in the position shown in FIG. 5 is receiving a rotating force in the counterclockwise direction during a state of non-conduction to the coil, is stopped at the end parts of the slits  74  and  75 , and is held at this position. 
     Next, when electric current is fed to the coil  68  and the same magnetic pole as the magnetic pole of the magnet rotor is formed in the magnetic force inducing members  66   b  and  67   b , the rotor  65  rotates in the clockwise direction due to the repulsion of magnetism. When the electric current is cutoff at the section passing the neutral point of the rotation, the magnetic pole of the rotor  65  is attracted to the magnetic force inducing members  6   b  and  67   b  on the opposite side and the rotor  65  rotates in the clockwise direction until being stopped at the end parts of the slits  74  and  75  shown in FIG.  6 . The blades take the closed state from the opened state and are held at this position. Also, when an inverse direction electric current is applied to the coil  68 , the blades take the opened state from the closed state. 
     Incidentally, in the embodiment shown in the drawings, the regulating means for regulating the movement of the blade members in the open area and the close area was constituted with the slits  74  and  75  formed to the base plate  1  but this regulating means can be stopper pins instead of slits. Simply the stopper pins, slit grooves, or other regulating means may be provided at the positions for regulating the movement of either the magnet rotor, the transmission member linked to it, or the blade member. 
     According to this invention, the rotating torque functioning on the aforementioned magnetic rotor differs between the open area and the close area of the aforementioned blade members with this regulating means (slit  75  in the embodiment shown in the drawing). A model of this is explained in FIG.  10 . 
     A case when 2 poles N-S are polarized in a magnet rotor  65  and a pair of soft magnetic members  66  and  67  are arranged at 180 degrees opposed positions of this rotor  65  will be assumed. The neutral points of the soft magnetic members  66  and  67  will be considered as O 1  and O 2 , points M 1  and M 2  denoted in the drawing as the magnetic pole positions of the rotor when the transmission member  69  which drives the blades in the open area is latched by the regulating means  74 , points N 1  and N 2  denoted in the drawing as the magnetic pole positions of the rotor when the transmission member  69  which drives the blades in the close area is latched by the regulating means  75 , and NO as the neutral point of the magnetic poles of the rotor. Also, the rotating angle of the rotor will be considered as 30 degrees. In this case, conventionally, the distance between M 1  and O 1  and the distance between N 1  and O 2  were set to be equal as indicated with the alternate long and short dash line and the force (detent force) of the soft magnetic member O 1  applied to the rotor when the blade is activated in the clockwise direction from M 1  and the force (detent force) of the soft magnetic member O 2  applied to the rotor when the blade is activated on the contrary in the counterclockwise direction from N 1  were set to be in an equal relationship. 
     On the contrary, in the present embodiment, the distance between M 2  and O 1  and the distance between N 2  and O 2  differ as indicated with the solid line, the former is set to be a great distance and the latter to be a short distance, and is differentiated in the drawing by 5 degrees in turning angle. Consequently, it is set for the force (detent force) of the soft magnetic member O 1  applied to the rotor to be less when the blade is activated in the clockwise direction from M 2  and for the force (detent force) of the soft magnetic member O 2  applied to the rotor to be more when the blade is activated on the contrary in the counterclockwise direction from N 2 . 
     Therefore, the blade members move at a high speed for a short time during the closing operation from the opened state and moves on the contrary at a low speed for a long time during the opening operation from the closed state. With regards to the operation of the blades, design so as to obtain the optimal amount of displacement based on the relationship between the detent force at which the magnet rotor RO is attracted to the soft magnetic member NM and the repulsive force of the magnetic pole formed in the soft magnetic member NM. However, it must not exceed the neutral point NO of the magnet rotor RO. 
     The relationship between the amount of displacement and the operating speed of the blades in the device of this embodiment is shown in FIG. 11. A indicates the relationship to the time from the opened state to closing of the blades at displacement amount zero in a conventional device, B at displacement amount of 3 degrees, and C at displacement amount of 5 degrees. The charged voltage indicates the power supply voltage fed to the coil. 
     In addition to differentiating the distance of the soft magnetic members and the magnetic poles of the magnet rotor between the open area and the closed area, the present embodiment can differentiate the starting torque by setting the relationship thereof into the state indicated with the alternate long and short dash line in FIG. 10 then changing the electric current or the voltage fed to the coil. 
     Next, the light quantity control unit is incorporated into, for example, a camera device shown in FIG.  7 . 
     The aforementioned light quantity control unit ( 160  in FIGS. 1 and 2) is incorporated between the front lens group  140  and the rear lens group  150  which are mounted in a plurality of lens configurations inside of the lens unit (lens-barrel)  110  provided to the camera body  100 . 
     Then, a photoelectric conversion element  190  such as CCD, which converts light into electricity, is provided to the lens unit  110 . Also, this photoelectric conversion element  190  is electrically connected to the control base plate  180  on the camera body  100  side and the timing for feeding power is controlled. A microcomputer for controlling the device is integrated to this control base plate  180  and photography is executed with the operation of a shutter button  200 . 
     The control circuit of this camera device will be described according to FIG.  8 . 
       3  denotes a shutter blade and  5  denotes a diaphragm blade. EMO denotes an electromagnetic drive means for driving the diaphragm and SMO denotes an electromagnetic drive means for driving the shutter. Also,  140  denotes a front lens,  150  denotes a rear lens,  190  denotes a photo-electric conversion element, GPS denotes a picture signal processing circuit which executes a storing process, etc. of picture signals output from the photoelectric conversion element  190 , SW 1  denotes a release switch operated with a shutter button  200 , SW 2  denotes a main switch, and CPU denotes a microcomputer. Furthermore, SMC denotes a shutter driving circuit which feeds drive signals to the electromagnetic drive means SMO, EMC denotes a diaphragm driving circuit which feeds drive signals to the electromagnetic drive means EMO, and CCD-MC denotes an electronic shutter control circuit which controls the charge storage and charge discharge in the photoelectric conversion element  190 . 
     The operation of the device will be described according to FIG.  9 . 
     In the non-operating state of the device, the shutter blades  3  are initially set in the opened state shown on the right side of FIG.  1  and the diaphragm blade  5  is in the completely opened state indicated with the solid line in FIG.  1 . 
     When power is input to the camera main body in this state and set to the photographing state, light from the subject is received in the CCD and the aforementioned microcomputer sets the diaphragm value. The diaphragm values indicated in the drawing are in two stages and the microcomputer sets either the completely opened state (the state indicated with the solid line in FIG. 1) at which the diaphragm blade does not regulate the aperture  8  and the closed state (the state indicated with the diagonal double dash line in FIG. 1) at which the aperture is reduced to a small diameter. Presently, if the shutter button  200  is operated and the microcomputer sets the aperture to a reduced diameter, the diaphragm driving circuit EMC functions to apply an electric current to the coil  68  of the drive unit  7 . Then, the diaphragm blade  5  moves to the state indicated with the diagonal double dash line in FIG. 1 from the state indicated with the solid line in FIG.  1  and the aperture  8  takes a state of reduced diameter. Then, even after the supply of power is cutoff, the blade  5  maintains a state of reduced diameter due to the magnet  65   a  of the magnet rotor  65  attracting the magnetic force inducing member  66   b . Also, the aforementioned microcomputer computes the exposure time, resets the charge in the photoelectric conversion element  190  after the lapse of a prescribed delay time, and generates an instruction signal to close the shutter blades  3 . Then, the light from the subject is stored as charge in the photoelectric conversion element  190 , which was reset. The shutter driving circuit SMC then receives an indication signal to close the blades  3  and applies a predetermined current to the coil  68  of the drive unit  6 . Then, the shutter blades  3  become closed as indicated on the left side of FIG. 1 from the opened state indicated on the right side of FIG. 1, storage of charge in the photoelectric conversion element  190  ends, and this charge is transmitted to an internal or an external memory from the picture signal processing circuit GPS with the signal from the computer being stored as picture signals. Thereafter, by current being fed to the drive unit  7  of the diaphragm blade  5  based on the signal from the computer, this blade is moved from the aperture  8 . Buy the shutter blades  4  also being fed with current at the drive coil thereof, restoration is made to the opened state from the closed state. Then, it stands by for the next photographing operation. 
     Note that if the aforementioned microcomputer has set the diaphragm value to the completely opened state, a signal is not generated in the aforementioned diaphragm drive circuit EMC and current is not fed to the aforementioned drive unit  7 . Therefore, the diaphragm blade  5  is in a state of having maintained the completely opened state. 
     The invention comprising the above structure can control speed, particularly at a high speed without an increase in the size of the device controlling light amount of the photographic optical axis, such as the shutter blades according to the photographic conditions of the camera device and without large current consumption.