Abstract:
A wave powered evaporation desalination system for removing fresh water from salt water by extraction of water vapor from a negative pressure container using wave motion for power. The wave powered evaporation desalination system includes a first vessel that accepts salt water. The salt water is forced from the first vessel through a atomizing spray nozzle into the top of a negative pressure second vessel. The negative pressure second vessel includes a number of trays that fill up with salt water films. Two pumps are attached to the top of the second vessel. One pump draws brine from the bottom of the second vessel for dispersion outside the system. The other pump draws off the water vapor from the second vessel into a hose and back to normal atmospheric pressure. The two pumps are powered by a float hinged to the second vessel.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS  
         [0001]    Not applicable to this application.  
         STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT  
         [0002]    Not applicable to this application.  
         BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0003]    1. Field of the Invention  
           [0004]    The present invention relates generally to salt water desalination units and more specifically it relates to a wave powered evaporation desalination system for removing fresh water from salt water by the extraction of water vapor from a negative pressure container using wave motion for power.  
           [0005]    2. Description of the Related Art  
           [0006]    Salt water desalination units have been in use for years. Salt water can be desalinated to produce fresh water through a variety of ways but typically desalination units utilize reverse osmosis to separate fresh water from salt water. Reverse osmosis, though effective, requires a significant amount of energy to generate the amount of pressure necessary for the process to work efficiently. Fossil fuel energy systems typically power such systems and correspondingly these systems generate pollution. In addition, fossil fuels are a finite resource and expensive, and therefore ill suited for poorer nations desiring a method of generating fresh water.  
           [0007]    The energy generated by the rise and fall of waves has been studied for years. However, wave power has not been effectively utilized to run a reverse osmosis desalination system. As most desalination systems use reverse osmosis, the pressures necessary for the system to work efficiently are too power demanding for this type of energy system. In addition, other methods for desalinating water have not effectively utilized wave power.  
           [0008]    Examples of patented devices which may be related to the present invention include U.S. Pat. No. 4,512,886 to Hicks et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 4,770,775 to Lopez; U.S. Pat. No. 5,366,635 to Watkins; U.S. Pat. No. 6,083,382 to Bird; U.S. Pat. No. 5,186,822 to Tzong et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 4,421,461 to Hicks et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 5,975,865 to Manabe; and U.S. Pat. No. 6,100,600 to Pflanz.  
           [0009]    While these devices may be suitable for the particular purpose to which they address, they are not as suitable for removing fresh water from salt water by extraction of water vapor from a negative pressure container using wave motion for power.  
           [0010]    The need for fresh water in the world continues to grow. However, the desalination of the ocean and other salt water bodies continues to be underdeveloped due to technology limitations. Reverse osmosis demands considerable energy and is therefore too costly. The energy systems normally utilized pollute the environment and drain limited finite fossil fuel resources. Wave power, though pollution free, is not typically efficient enough to provide the energy necessary for traditional desalination systems.  
           [0011]    In these respects, the wave powered evaporation desalination system according to the present invention substantially departs from the conventional concepts and designs of the prior art, and in so doing provides an apparatus primarily developed for the purpose of removing fresh water from salt water by extraction of water vapor from a negative pressure container using wave motion for power  
         BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0012]    In view of the foregoing disadvantages inherent in the known types of desalination units now present in the prior art, the present invention provides a new wave powered evaporation desalination system construction wherein the same can be utilized for removing fresh water from salt water by extraction of water vapor from a negative pressure container using wave motion for power  
           [0013]    The general purpose of the present invention, which will be described subsequently in greater detail, is to provide a new wave powered evaporation desalination system that has many of the advantages of the desalination units mentioned heretofore and many novel features that result in a new wave powered evaporation desalination system which is not anticipated, rendered obvious, suggested, or even implied by any of the prior art desalination units, either alone or in any combination thereof.  
           [0014]    To attain this, the present invention generally comprises a first vessel that accepts salt water. The salt water is forced from the first vessel through a spray nozzle which atomizes the salt water into a fine mist into the top of a second vessel. The second vessel is maintained at a negative pressure. The second vessel includes a number of trays that fill up with salt water. Two pumps are attached to the top of the second vessel. The first pump draws off the water vapor from the top of the second vessel into a hose and back to normal atmospheric pressure where condensation occurs. The second pump draws brine from the bottom of the second vessel for dispersion outside the system. These pumps are powered by a float attached to the second vessel. The system can include an array of second vessels to generate a greater volume of fresh water.  
           [0015]    There has thus been outlined, rather broadly, the more important features of the invention in order that the detailed description thereof may be better understood, and in order that the present contribution to the art may be better appreciated. There are additional features of the invention that will be described hereinafter and that will form the subject matter of the claims appended hereto.  
           [0016]    In this respect, before explaining at least one embodiment of the invention in detail, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited in its application to the details of construction and to the arrangements of the components set forth in the following description or illustrated in the drawings. The invention is capable of other embodiments and of being practiced and carried out in various ways. Also, it is to be understood that the phraseology and terminology employed herein are for the purpose of the description and should not be regarded as limiting.  
           [0017]    A primary object of the present invention is to provide a wave powered evaporation desalination system that will overcome the shortcomings of the prior art devices.  
           [0018]    A second object is to provide a wave powered evaporation desalination system for removing fresh water from salt water by extraction of water vapor from a negative pressure container using wave motion for power.  
           [0019]    Another object is to provide a wave powered evaporation desalination system that is economical to produce.  
           [0020]    An additional object is to provide a wave powered evaporation desalination system that is easily transportable.  
           [0021]    A further object is to provide a wave powered evaporation desalination system that does not require much technical knowledge to set-up and operate.  
           [0022]    Another object is to provide a wave powered evaporation desalination system that can be used in the ocean or on salt water lakes.  
           [0023]    Another object is to provide a wave powered evaporation desalination system that can include a farm array of multiple systems.  
           [0024]    A further object is to provide a wave powered evaporation desalination system that allows for long-term maintenance free use.  
           [0025]    Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become obvious to the reader and it is intended that these objects and advantages are within the scope of the present invention.  
           [0026]    To the accomplishment of the above and related objects, this invention may be embodied in the form illustrated in the accompanying drawings, attention being called to the fact, however, that the drawings are illustrative only, and that changes may be made in the specific construction illustrated and described within the scope of the appended claims.  
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0027]    Various other objects, features and attendant advantages of the present invention will become fully appreciated as the same becomes better understood when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like reference characters designate the same or similar parts throughout the several views, and wherein:  
         [0028]    [0028]FIG. 1 is an upper perspective view of the present invention.  
         [0029]    [0029]FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line  2 - 2  of FIG. 1.  
         [0030]    [0030]FIG. 3 is a partial perspective view of the first vessel.  
         [0031]    [0031]FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line  4 - 4  of FIG. 1.  
         [0032]    [0032]FIG. 5 is a partial sectional view of the second vessel.  
         [0033]    [0033]FIG. 6 is a top view of a farm array of the present invention.  
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
       [0034]    Turning now descriptively to the drawings, in which similar reference characters denote similar elements throughout the several views, FIGS. 1 through 6 illustrate a wave powered evaporation desalination system  10 , which comprises a first vessel  20  attached to a second vessel  30 . The second vessel  30  is maintained at negative pressure. Salt water is drawn into the first vessel  20  and then forced through a nozzle  48  into the second vessel  30  where the water vapor is drawn off to form fresh water. The resulting leftover brine collecting at the bottom of the second vessel  30  is discharged from the second vessel  30  into the surrounding salt water. Wave motion is utilized to power the transfer of the salt water, brine and water vapor. The wave powered evaporation desalination system  10  can be an individual unit or assembled into a farm array to produce a greater volume of fresh water. All components of the wave powered evaporation desalination system  10  are preferably constructed from materials that are resistant to deterioration by salt water and/or sunrays.  
         [0035]    As best seen in FIG. 2, the first vessel  20  is weight controlled to float on the surface of the body of salt water. Attached to the bottom of the first vessel  20  is a securing eyeplate  28  that allows the first vessel  20  to be secured to the floor of the body of water to keep the wave powered evaporation desalination system  10  from drifting from its preferred location. A first valve  21  is preferably located on the top of the first vessel  20  to maintain atmospheric pressure in the first vessel  20 . Attached to the side of the first vessel  20  is a first float  22 . This first float  22  is attached in such a manner that it can reciprocate relative to the wave motion. As the first float  22  travels upwards and downwards the first float&#39;s  22  motion is transferred through the hinged connection  25  to the second valve  23 . The second valve  23  is preferably designed to allow the salt water to only travel into the first vessel  20 . The second valve  23  opens and closes forcing salt water inside the first vessel  20 . As seen in FIG. 2, a filter  24  is affixed inside the first vessel  20  to keep debris from being drawn into the second vessel  30 . A first pipe  27  runs from a position above the filter  24  through the top of the first vessel  20 . The first pipe  27  is designed to allow salt water to be drawn from the first vessel  20 . However, it can be appreciated by one skilled in the art that different configurations of the first vessel  20  can be used to introduce salt water to the wave powered evaporation desalination system  10 .  
         [0036]    A first hose  60  is attached from the first pipe  27  to the nozzle  48 . The nozzle  48  is attached to the top of the second vessel  30 . A third valve  46 , permitting only one-way flow of fluid, is attached to the first hose  60  to ensure a positive flow of salt water from the first vessel  20  to the second vessel  30 . The nozzle  48  is designed to open and close, and to atomize the salt water to produce a fine mist when fluid travels through the nozzle  48 . Connected between the nozzle  48  and the second hose  62  is a pressure signal line  61 . The pressure signal line  61  is designed to cause the nozzle  48  to close when there is insufficient negative pressure in the second vessel  30 .  
         [0037]    The second vessel  30  is physically attached to the first vessel  20  using first connection spacers  26 . As shown in FIG. 1, the first connection spacers  26  are attached to the top and bottom of the first vessel  20  and second vessel  30 . However, it can be appreciated by one skilled in the art that other methods of attachment between the first vessel  20  and the second vessel  30  can be utilized.  
         [0038]    The second vessel  30  is a vessel constructed with a wall thickness sufficient to maintain its shape while being kept at a negative pressure. Running through the top and down the center of the second vessel  30  is a second pipe  38 . The second pipe  38  is attached to the top of the second vessel  30 . The second pipe  38  is designed to allow fluid to be drawn through it. The length of the second pipe  38  is such that brine can be drawn from the bottom of the second vessel  30 . A third hose  64  is attached to the end of the second pipe  38  that extends outside the second vessel  30 . As best seen in FIG.  4 , a plurality of trays  32  are attached to the second pipe  38  in a stacked pattern. The trays  32  may be constructed of a low height to increase the number of trays  32  which may be attached to the second pipe  38 . The trays  32  preferably include holes  36  to permit the saltwater to travel from a higher tray  32  to a lower tray  32  until the salt water reaches the bottom of the second vessel  30 .  
         [0039]    A second hose  62  is affixed to the top of the second vessel  30 . The other end of the second hose  62  is connected to a first pump  42 . The first pump  42  is preferably constructed so that it can draw the water vapor from the second vessel  30  and then discharge the water vapor to a fifth hose  68 . Condensation of the water vapor occurs in the fifth hose  68  as the water vapor travel from negative pressure to atmospheric pressure. A third hose  64  is connected on one end to the second pipe  38  and to the other end to the second pump  44 . The second pump  44  is designed to draw the brine from the second vessel  30  through the second pipe  38  and the third hose  64 . The second pump  44  then discharges the brine outside the system through the fourth hose  66 .  
         [0040]    Through wave motion, the second float  50  provides the power for the first pump  42  and the second pump  44 . The second float  50  is attached to the second vessel  30  using a first attachment  52  and a second attachment  54 . The first attachment  52  is connected to the second float  50 . The second attachment  54  is connected to the second vessel  30 . Hinging arms  56  connect the first attachment  52  to the second attachment  54 . As the second float  50  moves relative to the motion of the waves the hinging arms  56  reciprocate pumping the first pump  42  and the second pump  44 . However, it can be appreciated by one skilled in the art that a variety of different methods could be used to manipulate the power of waves to drive the first pump  42  and the second pump  44 . The method of attaching the first float attachment  52  to the second float  50  and the second float attachment  54  to the second vessel  30  should preferably utilize materials and attachment methods which are durable yet resistant to salt water and sunrays.  
         [0041]    Though the wave powered evaporation desalination system  10  is designed to function using one first vessel  20  with one second vessel  30  it may be found to be more efficient in certain circumstances to use a farm array arrangement using multiple second vessels  30 . As best seen in FIG. 6, one first vessel  20  could be connected to multiple second vessels  30 . Multiple first connection spacers  26  could be used to connect the first vessel  20  to the multiple second vessels  30 . Second connection spacers  34  could be used between the multiple second vessels  30  to maintain the physical structure. Multiple floats  22  would preferably be connected to the first vessel  20  to provide the necessary salt water for the second vessels  30 . The first pipe  27  on the single first vessel  20  may have a plurality of holes to allow connecting to a corresponding number of first hoses  60 . The fifth hoses  68  from each second vessel&#39;s  30  second pump  44  may be interconnected to provide fresh water to a single location.  
         [0042]    In use, the wave powered evaporation desalination system  10  is placed into salt water either in the ocean or a salt lake with sufficient wave motion to power the system. The system is then placed into the preferred location and maintained in place by connecting the securing eyeplate  28  with a tether to a fixation device on the bottom of the body of water. As the waves of the body of water move up and down, the float  22  attached to the first vessel  20  moves up and down. As the float  22  moves it opens and then closes the second valve  23  forcing salt water into the first vessel  20 . Due to the pressure differential between the negative pressure second vessel  30  and the first vessel  20  salt water is drawn to the nozzle  48 . As water travels through the nozzle  48 , the nozzle  48  atomizes the salt water causing a fine mist of salt water to be sprayed into the second vessel  30 . The mist of salt water lands onto the first of a plurality of trays  32 . As each tray  32  fills with salt water the salt water spills over into the next corresponding tray  32 . As the water leaves the last tray  32  it drains into the bottom of the second vessel  30 .  
         [0043]    The second vessel  30  is maintained at a negative pressure by the constant withdrawing of water vapor from the system. As the waves move up and down the second float  50  moves up and down. This movement is then transferred through the hinging arms  56  to the first pump  42  and the second pump  44 . The first pump  42  draws off the water vapor and pushes it into the fifth hose  68 . Condensation to fresh water occurs as the water vapor goes through a phase change from the environment of negative pressure in the second vessel  30  to the normal atmospheric pressure of the fifth hose  68 . The second pump  44  draws brine from the bottom of the second vessel  30  through the second pipe  38  and forces the brine into the surrounding salt water through the fourth hose  66 .  
         [0044]    As seen in FIG. 6, when in use in a farm array system multiple second vessels  30  are attached to a first vessel  20 . The first vessel  20  may include numerous floats  22  to assist in forcing salt water into the system. As the water vapor is drawn from the individual second vessels  30  the fresh water output is combined as it comes from the fifth hoses  68 . The overall configuration and dimensions of a farm array of wave powered evaporation desalination systems  10  are such that the system is easily transportable.  
         [0045]    As to a further discussion of the manner of usage and operation of the present invention, the same should be apparent from the above description. Accordingly, no further discussion relating to the manner of usage and operation will be provided.  
         [0046]    With respect to the above description then, it is to be realized that the optimum dimensional relationships for the parts of the invention, to include variations in size, materials, shape, form, function and manner of operation, assembly and use, are deemed to be within the expertise of those skilled in the art, and all equivalent structural variations and relationships to those illustrated in the drawings and described in the specification are intended to be encompassed by the present invention.  
         [0047]    Therefore, the foregoing is considered as illustrative only of the principles of the invention. Further, since numerous modifications and changes will readily occur to those skilled in the art, it is not desired to limit the invention to the exact construction and operation shown and described, and accordingly, all suitable modifications and equivalents may be resorted to, falling within the scope of the invention.