Abstract:
In an address updating scheme, a server accesses clients with intermittent connectivity by using addresses specified in a local client address list. The clients are responsible for updating the list whenever the address of the client changes as a result of intermittent client connectivity or other conditions.

Description:
CLAIM OF PRIORITY UNDER 35 U.S.C. §119 
     This application claims the benefit of and priority to commonly owned U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/080,183, filed Jul. 11, 2008, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference herein. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     1. Field 
     This application relates generally to wireless communication and more specifically, but not exclusively, to an address updating scheme. 
     2. Introduction 
     A variety of techniques have been developed to enable a node in a network to establish communication with other node in the network. For example, an access terminal (e.g., a cell phone) in a cellular system will typically be set to idle mode when a call is not active to conserve battery power. When information needs to be sent to an access terminal, multiple access points in the system may page the access terminal in those areas that are near the location where the access terminal last communicated with an access point. Upon receiving such a page (e.g., by waking up at designated times), the access terminal may connect to a nearby access point to enable the information to be received at the access terminal. 
     In a data network, a network device may discover the Internet Protocol (“IP”) address of another network device on the network through the use of a domain name system (“DNS”). Here, DNS servers keep track of the domain names and the IP addresses assigned to devices in the network. Thus, a device that needs to access another device in the network may acquire the IP address of that device from a DNS server by providing the fully qualified domain name (“FQDN”) to the DNS server. 
     Connectivity issues in wireless applications may not be adequately addressed by the above techniques. For example, a mobile access terminal may have intermittent connectivity and, as a result, its IP address may change frequently. Furthermore, capabilities such as DNS may not be available in a mobile environment. Hence, there is a need for effective techniques for establishing connectivity in wireless networks. 
     SUMMARY 
     A summary of sample aspects of the disclosure follows. It should be understood that any reference to the term aspects herein may refer to one or more aspects of the disclosure. 
     The disclosure relates in some aspects to a scheme where a server maintains a list that specifies an address of one or more clients and where each client is responsible for updating the list in the event the address of that client changes. For example, in a client-server communication model where a client has intermittent connectivity with a network, the address of the client may change every time the client reconnects. Such intermittent connectivity may be relatively common in cases where the client resides on a cell phone and the server resides on the network. In such a case, the server may use the client address list to obtain the current address of any of its clients in the event the server needs to contact these clients. 
     In some aspects a registration object is hosted at a server, whereby the server may contact a client by using an IP address specified by the object for that client. Here, the client has the responsibility to keep this object up-to-date. Thus, every time the IP address of the client changes, the client informs the server of the change. Since the address of the server is relatively stable (or reachable through DNS), the client is able to connect to the server when it has IP connectivity. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       These and other sample aspects of the disclosure will be described in the detailed description and the appended claims that follow, and in the accompanying drawings, wherein: 
         FIG. 1  is a simplified block diagram of several sample aspects of a communication system where clients update client address lists maintained by servers; 
         FIGS. 2A and 2B  are a flowchart of several sample aspects of operations that may be performed in conjunction with updating a client address list maintained by a server; 
         FIG. 3  is a flowchart of several sample aspects of operations that may be performed at a client that has intermittent connectivity; 
         FIG. 4  is a flowchart of several sample aspects of operations that may be performed at a server that serves one or more clients that have intermittent connectivity; 
         FIG. 5  is a simplified block diagram of several sample aspects of components that may be employed in communication nodes; 
         FIG. 6  is a simplified block diagram of several sample aspects of communication components; and 
         FIGS. 7 and 8  are simplified block diagrams of several sample aspects of apparatuses configured to provide address updates as taught herein. 
     
    
    
     In accordance with common practice the various features illustrated in the drawings may not be drawn to scale. Accordingly, the dimensions of the various features may be arbitrarily expanded or reduced for clarity. In addition, some of the drawings may be simplified for clarity. Thus, the drawings may not depict all of the components of a given apparatus (e.g., device) or method. Finally, like reference numerals may be used to denote like features throughout the specification and figures. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Various aspects of the disclosure are described below. It should be apparent that the teachings herein may be embodied in a wide variety of forms and that any specific structure, function, or both being disclosed herein is merely representative. Based on the teachings herein one skilled in the art should appreciate that an aspect disclosed herein may be implemented independently of any other aspects and that two or more of these aspects may be combined in various ways. For example, an apparatus may be implemented or a method may be practiced using any number of the aspects set forth herein. In addition, such an apparatus may be implemented or such a method may be practiced using other structure, functionality, or structure and functionality in addition to or other than one or more of the aspects set forth herein. Furthermore, an aspect may comprise at least one element of a claim. 
       FIG. 1  illustrates several nodes of a sample communication system  100  (e.g., a portion of a communication network). For illustration purposes, various aspects of the disclosure will be described in the context of one or more clients (e.g., access terminals) and servers that communicate with one another. It should be appreciated that the teachings herein may be applicable to other types of apparatuses or other similar apparatuses that are referenced using other terminology. For example, a client or a server as described herein may comprise a client device or a server device, respectively, or may be implemented within another device. Also, in various implementations access terminals may be referred to or implemented as user equipment, mobiles, cell phones, and so on. 
     The system includes one or more servers (represented, for convenience, by a server  102 ) that provide one more services for one or more clients (represented, for convenience, by a client  104 ). Such services may include for example, network access, webpage access, database access, printing services, and so on. 
     The example of  FIG. 1  illustrates an implementation where the client  104  communicates with the server  102  via a network  106 . The network  106  may comprise, for example, a wide area network such as a cellular network. Access points (represented, for convenience, by an access point  108 ) associated with the network  106  provide network connectivity for any wireless access terminals that may be installed within or that may roam throughout an area served by the access points. The access points, in turn, communicate with one or more network nodes (e.g., core network nodes, not shown) to enable connectivity to other devices connected to the network  106 . 
     The client  104  may have intermittent network connectivity. For example, a client  104  that is a mobile device may frequently switch to idle mode (e.g., to conserve battery power), may frequently move out of a coverage area, may be disconnected from the network whenever it is powered-down, and so on. Consequently, the client  104  may be assigned a new address (e.g., IP address) by the network whenever the client  104  returns to an active mode, moves back into a coverage area, re-connects with the network, etc. 
     In accordance with the teachings here, the server  102  (e.g., an address list manager  110 ) maintains a client address list  112  to enable the server  102  to effectively communicate with the client  104  in cases where the client  104  has intermittent connectivity. In some aspects the client address list  112  may include a mapping between each client served by the server  102  and one or more addresses (e.g., IP address) assigned to each client. 
     The client address list  112  is updated whenever an address assigned to one of these clients is changed (e.g., due to re-connection). To this end, the client  104  includes an update manager  114  that determines whether a new address has been assigned to the client  104 (e.g., by operation of an address controller  116 ) and sends a message to the server  102  to update the client address list  112  in the event a new address has been assigned. 
     Sample operations of the system  100  will now be described in more detail in conjunction with the flowchart of  FIGS. 2A and 2B . For convenience, the operations of  FIGS. 2A and 2B  (or any other operations discussed or taught herein) may be described as being performed by specific components (e.g., components of the system  100  and/or depicted in  FIG. 5 ). It should be appreciated, however, that these operations may be performed by other types of components and may be performed using a different number of components. It also should be appreciated that one or more of the operations described herein may not be employed in a given implementation. 
     As represented by block  202  of  FIG. 2A , the server  102  (e.g., the address list manager  110 ) defines the client address list  112 . The client address list  112  may take various forms. In some implementations the client address list  112  comprises a registration object that is hosted at the server  102 . For example, the client address list  112  may be a management object entitled “IP Registration” in a management server. 
     As mentioned above, the client address list  112  may include entries for every client with which the server  102  communicates (e.g., for every client served by the server  102 ). A given entry may include an identifier of the client and one or more addresses associated with (e.g., assigned to) the client. Here, the identifier may be unique to that client at least from the perspective of the server  102  (e.g., the identifier may be, but need not be, globally unique). 
     As represented by block  204 , at some point in time communication is established between the server  102  and a given client  104 . For instance, the client  104  may initiate communication with the server  102 . In conjunction with establishing communication, the server  102  and the client  104  exchange addresses (e.g., IP addresses) to enable each device to send messages to the other device. 
     Thus, the server  102  may obtain one or more initial addresses of the client  104  that the server  102  may use to communicate with the client  104 . Upon receipt of such an address, the server  102  (e.g., the address list manager  110 ) creates an entry in the client address list  112  for the client  104  and stores the received address with that entry. In some cases, a client may be accessed via any one of several addresses (e.g., when a user has several devices installed in his or her home). In such cases, the client address list  112  may specify multiple addresses for one client. 
     At block  204  the client  104  also may obtain an address (e.g., an IP address) of the server  102  that the client may use to communicate with the server  102 . In a typical implementation, client-initiated communication may be relatively easy to guarantee since the address of the server  102  may rarely change (if at all). Accordingly, the server  102  will typically be reachable by the client  104  at all times. Alternatively, the address of the server will be available through querying a DNS server with the server&#39;s FQDN. Thus, in accordance with the teachings herein, the burden of keeping the client address list  112  (e.g., the registration object) up to date is placed on the client  104 . 
     As represented by block  206 , at some point in time the client  104  (e.g., the address controller  116 ) may acquire a different address that the server  102  may use to communicate with the client  104 . The client  104  may acquire this address under various circumstances and in various ways. For example, in some cases the client may acquire an address upon waking up from idle mode or re-connecting with the access point  108 . In these cases, the client  104  may communicate with the access point  108  to establish a physical layer connection and a MAC layer connection. The network  106  (e.g., a packet gateway in the network  106 ) may then assign an IP address to the client  104 . 
     As represented by block  208 , the client  104  (e.g., the update manager  114 ) then determines whether the client address list  112  needs to be updated. For example, the client  104  may determine whether the address acquired at block  206  is different than the address the client  104  has been using. In addition, the client  104  may determine whether the address acquired at block  206  is already stored in the client address list  112 . In some implementations, the client  104  may determine that it needs to update the list based simply on the acquisition of an address (e.g., the client  104  does not check to see whether this address is new or whether it is already in the client address list  112 ). 
     In some cases the client  104  may be in communication with more than one server (e.g., the client  104  may be accessing different services provided by different servers). In these cases, at block  208  the client may determine whether the client address list  112  maintained at one or more of these servers needs to be updated. 
     As represented by blocks  210  and  212 , in the event there is no need to update the client address list  112 , the client-server interactions may continue operating as they were previously. That is, the server  102  will continue to use the address for the client  104  that was previously in the client address list  112 . 
     As represented by block  214 , if the client address list  112  needs to be updated, the client  104  (e.g., a message processor  520  as shown in  FIG. 5 ) sends a message to the server  102  to update the client list  112 . This message may thus include an indication of the address. 
     The server  102  (e.g., a message processor  518  as shown in  FIG. 5 ) receives this message as represented by block  216  of  FIG. 2B . As represented by block  218 , upon receiving this message, the server  102  (e.g., the address list manager  110 ) updates the client address list  112  with the address send by the client  104 . 
     As represented by block  220 , at some point in time the server  102  will need to initiate communication with the client  104 . Accordingly, the server  102  (e.g. a communication controller  514  as shown in  FIG. 5 ) obtains the current address for the client  104  from the client address list  112  and uses this address to communicate with the client  104 . 
     As mentioned above, a mobile client will have intermittent connectivity due to, for example, transitions to idle mode, loss of signal, moving out of range of an access point, being turned off, and so on. Consequently, such a client will repeatedly update the client address list at each of the servers with which it is communicating.  FIG. 3  describes sample operations for this procedure. 
     As represented by block  302 , at some point in time the client  104  will switch to active mode, connect to a network, or perform some other operation that causes a new address to be assigned to the client  104 . The client  104  then acquires the new address at block  304 . At block  306  the client  104  updates the client address list at each of its servers, if applicable. 
     As represented by block  308 , at some point in time the client  104  will switch to idle mode, disconnect from a network, or perform some other operation that causes the address assigned to the client to be unassigned. Here, it may be more efficient from a system performance point of view to reallocate addresses when they are not being used. 
     Accordingly, when the client  104  switches back to active mode or reconnects to the network (back to block  302 ), another address is assigned to the client. Thus, the operations of  FIG. 3  may be performed on a repeated basis to maintain an up-to-date client address list  112  at the server  102 . 
     From the above, it may be seen that each server may repeatedly receive address list update messages from any clients with which that server is communicating. Thus, each server may repeatedly update its client address list so that when a server needs to communicate with a given client, the server can use the client address list to obtain a current address.  FIG. 4  describes sample operations for these procedures. 
     As represented by block  402 , the server  102  conducts normal operations (e.g., operations that don&#39;t involve a particular client) until an event occurs that causes the server  102  to take some action relating to that client. In the example of  FIG. 2 , these events may include receiving an update message from the client (as represented by block  404 ) and/or needing to communicate with the client (as represented by block  408 ). 
     As represented by blocks  404  and  406 , in the event the server  102  receives a client address list update message from one of its clients, the server  102  will update the client address list  112 . As mentioned above, the client address list  112  may include entries for different clients. Thus, at some other time, the server  102  may receive a client address list update message from another one of its clients and the server  102  will update the corresponding entry in the client address list  112 . Hence, the operations of blocks  404  and  406  may be performed on a repeated basis any time a client address list update message is received. 
     As represented by block  408 , the server  102  (e.g., the communication controller  514 ) may need to communicate with a given client from time to time. Accordingly, as represented by block  410 , to initiate this communication, the server  102  may obtain the current address of that client from the client address list  112 . The client may then use that address to communicate with the client as represented by block  412 . As mentioned above, the client address list  112  may include entries for different clients. Consequently, at some other time, the server  102  may initiate communication with another client by obtaining an address for that client from the corresponding entry in the client address list  112 . The operations of blocks  408 - 412  may thus be performed on a repeated basis any time the server  102  needs to communicate with one of its clients. 
       FIG. 5  illustrates several sample components that may be incorporated into apparatuses such as the server  102  and the client  104  to perform address update operations as taught herein. As mentioned above, a server apparatus may comprise a server device (e.g., a server computer connected to a network) or may be implemented in a server device (e.g., as a server integrated circuit or a server section of an integrated circuit). Similarly, a client apparatus may comprise a client device (e.g., a cell phone connected to a network) or may be implemented in a client device (e.g., as a server integrated circuit or a server section of an integrated circuit). 
     The components shown in  FIG. 5  also may be incorporated into other nodes (e.g., apparatuses) in a communication system. For example, other nodes in a system may include components similar to those described for the server  102  and the client  104  to provide similar functionality. A given node may contain one or more of the described components. For example, a client may contain multiple transceiver components that enable the client to operate on multiple frequencies and/or communicate via different technologies. 
     As shown in  FIG. 5 , the server  102  and the client  104  may include transceivers  502  and  504 , respectively, for communicating with other nodes. The transceiver  502  includes a transmitter  506  for sending signals (e.g., communication messages) and a receiver  508  for receiving signals (e.g., list update messages). Similarly, the transceiver  504  includes a transmitter  510  for sending signals (e.g., list update messages) and a receiver  512  for receiving signals (e.g., communication messages). Depending on the connectivity of the nodes of  FIG. 5 , the transceivers  502  and/or the transceiver  504  may support different communication technologies (e.g., wired or wireless). 
     The server  102  and the client  104  also include other components that may be used in conjunction with address update operations as taught herein. For example, the server  102  and the client  104  may include communication controllers  514  and  516 , respectively, for managing communication with other nodes (e.g., sending and receiving information) and for providing other related functionality as taught herein. In addition, the server  102  and the client  104  may include message processors  518  and  520 , respectively, for processing (e.g., sending and receiving) messages and for providing other related functionality as taught herein. 
     In some aspects the teachings herein may be employed in a wireless multiple-access communication system that simultaneously supports communication for multiple wireless access terminals (e.g., clients). Here, each terminal may communicate with one or more access points via transmissions on the forward and reverse links. The forward link (or downlink) refers to the communication link from the access points to the terminals, and the reverse link (or uplink) refers to the communication link from the terminals to the access points. This communication link may be established via a single-in-single-out system, a multiple-in-multiple-out (“MIMO”) system, or some other type of system. 
     A MIMO system employs multiple (N T ) transmit antennas and multiple (N R ) receive antennas for data transmission. A MIMO channel formed by the N T  transmit and N R  receive antennas may be decomposed into N S  independent channels, which are also referred to as spatial channels, where N S ≦min {N T , N R }. Each of the N S  independent channels corresponds to a dimension. The MIMO system may provide improved performance (e.g., higher throughput and/or greater reliability) if the additional dimensionalities created by the multiple transmit and receive antennas are utilized. 
     A MIMO system may support time division duplex (“TDD”) and frequency division duplex (“FDD”). In a TDD system, the forward and reverse link transmissions are on the same frequency region so that the reciprocity principle allows the estimation of the forward link channel from the reverse link channel. This enables the access point to extract transmit beam-forming gain on the forward link when multiple antennas are available at the access point. 
     The teachings herein may be incorporated into a node (e.g., a device) employing various components for communicating with at least one other node.  FIG. 6  depicts several sample components that may be employed to facilitate communication between nodes. Specifically,  FIG. 6  illustrates a wireless device  610  (e.g., an access point) and a wireless device  650  (e.g., an access terminal) of a MIMO system  600 . At the device  610 , traffic data for a number of data streams is provided from a data source  612  to a transmit (“TX”) data processor  614 . 
     In some aspects, each data stream is transmitted over a respective transmit antenna. The TX data processor  614  formats, codes, and interleaves the traffic data for each data stream based on a particular coding scheme selected for that data stream to provide coded data. 
     The coded data for each data stream may be multiplexed with pilot data using OFDM techniques. The pilot data is typically a known data pattern that is processed in a known manner and may be used at the receiver system to estimate the channel response. The multiplexed pilot and coded data for each data stream is then modulated (i.e., symbol mapped) based on a particular modulation scheme (e.g., BPSK, QSPK, M-PSK, or M-QAM) selected for that data stream to provide modulation symbols. The data rate, coding, and modulation for each data stream may be determined by instructions performed by a processor  630 . A data memory  632  may store program code, data, and other information used by the processor  630  or other components of the device  610 . 
     The modulation symbols for all data streams are then provided to a TX MIMO processor  620 , which may further process the modulation symbols (e.g., for OFDM). The TX MIMO processor  620  then provides N T  modulation symbol streams to N T  transceivers (“XCVR”)  622 A through  622 T. In some aspects, the TX MIMO processor  620  applies beam-forming weights to the symbols of the data streams and to the antenna from which the symbol is being transmitted. 
     Each transceiver  622  receives and processes a respective symbol stream to provide one or more analog signals, and further conditions (e.g., amplifies, filters, and upconverts) the analog signals to provide a modulated signal suitable for transmission over the MIMO channel. N T  modulated signals from transceivers  622 A through  622 T are then transmitted from N T  antennas  624 A through  624 T, respectively. 
     At the device  650 , the transmitted modulated signals are received by N R  antennas  652 A through  652 R and the received signal from each antenna  652  is provided to a respective transceiver (“XCVR”)  654 A through  654 R. Each transceiver  654  conditions (e.g., filters, amplifies, and downconverts) a respective received signal, digitizes the conditioned signal to provide samples, and further processes the samples to provide a corresponding “received” symbol stream. 
     A receive (“RX”) data processor  660  then receives and processes the NR received symbol streams from N R  transceivers  654  based on a particular receiver processing technique to provide N T  “detected” symbol streams. The RX data processor  660  then demodulates, deinterleaves, and decodes each detected symbol stream to recover the traffic data for the data stream. The processing by the RX data processor  660  is complementary to that performed by the TX MIMO processor  620  and the TX data processor  614  at the device  610 . 
     A processor  670  periodically determines which pre-coding matrix to use (discussed below). The processor  670  formulates a reverse link message comprising a matrix index portion and a rank value portion. A data memory  672  may store program code, data, and other information used by the processor  670  or other components of the device  650 . 
     The reverse link message may comprise various types of information regarding the communication link and/or the received data stream. The reverse link message is then processed by a TX data processor  638 , which also receives traffic data for a number of data streams from a data source  636 , modulated by a modulator  680 , conditioned by the transceivers  654 A through  654 R, and transmitted back to the device  610 . 
     At the device  610 , the modulated signals from the device  650  are received by the antennas  624 , conditioned by the transceivers  622 , demodulated by a demodulator (“DEMOD”)  640 , and processed by a RX data processor  642  to extract the reverse link message transmitted by the device  650 . The processor  630  then determines which pre-coding matrix to use for determining the beam-forming weights then processes the extracted message. 
       FIG. 6  also illustrates that the communication components may include one or more components that perform update control operations as taught herein. For example, an update control component  692  may cooperate with the processor  670  and/or other components of the device  650  to send/receive update information to/from another device (e.g., via device  610 ). It should be appreciated that for each device  610  and  650  the functionality of two or more of the described components may be provided by a single component. For example, a single processing component may provide the functionality of the update control component  692  and the processor  670 . 
     The teachings herein may be incorporated into various types of communication systems and/or system components. In some aspects, the teachings herein may be employed in a multiple-access system capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing the available system resources (e.g., by specifying one or more of bandwidth, transmit power, coding, interleaving, and so on). For example, the teachings herein may be applied to any one or combinations of the following technologies: Code Division Multiple Access (“CDMA”) systems, Multiple-Carrier CDMA (“MCCDMA”), Wideband CDMA (“W-CDMA”), High-Speed Packet Access (“HSPA,” “HSPA+”) systems, Time Division Multiple Access (“TDMA”) systems, Frequency Division Multiple Access (“FDMA”) systems, Single-Carrier FDMA (“SC-FDMA”) systems, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (“OFDMA”) systems, or other multiple access techniques. A wireless communication system employing the teachings herein may be designed to implement one or more standards, such as IS-95, cdma2000, IS-856, W-CDMA, TDSCDMA, and other standards. A CDMA network may implement a radio technology such as Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (“UTRA)”, cdma2000,or some other technology. UTRA includes W-CDMA and Low Chip Rate (“LCR”). The cdma2000 technology covers IS-2000, IS-95 and IS-856 standards. A TDMA network may implement a radio technology such as Global System for Mobile Communications (“GSM”). An OFDMA network may implement a radio technology such as Evolved UTRA (“E-UTRA”), IEEE 802.11, IEEE 802.16, IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM®, etc. UTRA, E-UTRA, and GSM are part of Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (“UMTS”). The teachings herein may be implemented in a 3GPP Long Term Evolution (“LTE”) system, an Ultra-Mobile Broadband (“UMB”) system, and other types of systems. LTE is a release of UMTS that uses E-UTRA. Although certain aspects of the disclosure may be described using 3GPP terminology, it is to be understood that the teachings herein may be applied to 3GPP (Re199, Re15, Re16, Re17) technology, as well as 3GPP2 (IxRTT, 1xEV-DO RelO, RevA, RevB) technology and other technologies. 
     In some aspects the teachings herein may be employed in a network that includes macro scale coverage (e.g., a large area cellular network such as a 3G network, typically referred to as a macro cell network or a WAN) and smaller scale coverage (e.g., a residence-based or building-based network environment, typically referred to as a LAN). As an access terminal (“AT”) moves through such a network, the access terminal may be served in certain locations by access points that provide macro coverage while the access terminal may be served at other locations by access points that provide smaller scale coverage. In some aspects, the smaller coverage nodes may be used to provide incremental capacity growth, in-building coverage, and different services (e.g., for a more robust user experience). 
     A node (e.g., an access point) that provides coverage over a relatively large area may be referred to as a macro node while a node that provides coverage over a relatively small area (e.g., a residence) may be referred to as a femto node. It should be appreciated that the teachings herein may be applicable to nodes associated with other types of coverage areas. For example, a pico node may provide coverage (e.g., coverage within a commercial building) over an area that is smaller than a macro area and larger than a femto area. In various applications, other terminology may be used to reference a macro node, a femto node, or other access point-type nodes. For example, a macro node may be configured or referred to as an access node, base station, access point, eNodeB, macro cell, and so on. Also, a femto node may be configured or referred to as a Home NodeB, Home eNodeB, access point base station, femto cell, and so on. In some implementations, a node may be associated with (e.g., divided into) one or more cells or sectors. A cell or sector associated with a macro node, a femto node, or a pico node may be referred to as a macro cell, a femto cell, or a pico cell, respectively. 
     The teachings herein may be incorporated into (e.g., implemented within or performed by) a variety of apparatuses (e.g., nodes). In some aspects, a node (e.g., a wireless node) implemented in accordance with the teachings herein may comprise an access point or an access terminal. 
     For example, an access terminal may comprise, be implemented as, or known as user equipment, a subscriber station, a subscriber unit, a mobile station, a mobile, a mobile node, a remote station, a remote terminal, a user terminal, a user agent, a user device, or some other terminology. In some implementations an access terminal may comprise a cellular telephone, a cordless telephone, a session initiation protocol (“SIP”) phone, a wireless local loop (“WLL”) station, a personal digital assistant (“PDA”), a handheld device having wireless connection capability, or some other suitable processing device connected to a wireless modem. Accordingly, one or more aspects taught herein may be incorporated into a phone (e.g., a cellular phone or smart phone), a computer (e.g., a laptop), a portable communication device, a portable computing device (e.g., a personal data assistant), an entertainment device (e.g., a music device, a video device, or a satellite radio), a global positioning system device, or any other suitable device that is configured to communicate via a wireless medium. 
     An access point may comprise, be implemented as, or known as a NodeB, an eNodeB, a radio network controller (“RNC”), a base station (“BS”), a radio base station (“RBS”), a base station controller (“BSC”), a base transceiver station (“BTS”), a transceiver function (“TF”), a radio transceiver, a radio router, a basic service set (“BSS”), an extended service set (“ESS”), a macro cell, a macro node, a Home eNB (“HeNB”), a femto cell, a femto node, a pico node, or some other similar terminology. 
     In some aspects a node (e.g., an access point) may comprise an access node for a communication system. Such an access node may provide, for example, connectivity for or to a network (e.g., a wide area network such as the Internet or a cellular network) via a wired or wireless communication link to the network. Accordingly, an access node may enable another node (e.g., an access terminal) to access a network or some other functionality. In addition, it should be appreciated that one or both of the nodes may be portable or, in some cases, relatively non-portable. 
     Also, it should be appreciated that a wireless node may be capable of transmitting and/or receiving information in a non-wireless manner (e.g., via a wired connection). Thus, a receiver and a transmitter as discussed herein may include appropriate communication interface components (e.g., electrical or optical interface components) to communicate via a non-wireless medium. 
     A wireless node may communicate via one or more wireless communication links that are based on or otherwise support any suitable wireless communication technology. For example, in some aspects a wireless node may associate with a network. In some aspects the network may comprise a local area network or a wide area network. A wireless device may support or otherwise use one or more of a variety of wireless communication technologies, protocols, or standards such as those discussed herein (e.g., CDMA, TDMA, OFDM, OFDMA, WiMAX, Wi-Fi, and so on). Similarly, a wireless node may support or otherwise use one or more of a variety of corresponding modulation or multiplexing schemes. A wireless node may thus include appropriate components (e.g., air interfaces) to establish and communicate via one or more wireless communication links using the above or other wireless communication technologies. For example, a wireless node may comprise a wireless transceiver with associated transmitter and receiver components that may include various components (e.g., signal generators and signal processors) that facilitate communication over a wireless medium. 
     The functionality described herein (e.g., with regard to one or more of the accompanying figures) may correspond in some aspects to similarly designated “means for” functionality in the appended claims. Referring to  FIGS. 7 and 8 , apparatuses  700  and  800  are represented as a series of interrelated functional modules. Here, an address acquiring module  702  may correspond at least in some aspects to, for example, an address controller as discussed herein. An update determining module  704  may correspond at least in some aspects to, for example, an update manager as discussed herein. A message sending module  706  may correspond at least in some aspects to, for example, a message processor as discussed herein. A message receiving module  802  may correspond at least in some aspects to, for example, a message processor as discussed herein. An address list updating module  804  may correspond at least in some aspects to, for example, an address list manager as discussed herein. An address using module  806  may correspond at least in some aspects to, for example, a communication controller as discussed herein. 
     The functionality of the modules of  FIGS. 7 and 8  may be implemented in various ways consistent with the teachings herein. In some aspects the functionality of these modules may be implemented as one or more electrical components. In some aspects the functionality of these blocks may be implemented as a processing system including one or more processor components. In some aspects the functionality of these modules may be implemented using, for example, at least a portion of one or more integrated circuits (e.g., an ASIC). As discussed herein, an integrated circuit may include a processor, software, other related components, or some combination thereof The functionality of these modules also may be implemented in some other manner as taught herein. 
     It should be understood that any reference to an element herein using a designation such as “first,” “second,” and so forth does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. Rather, these designations may be used herein as a convenient method of distinguishing between two or more elements or instances of an element. Thus, a reference to first and second elements does not mean that only two elements may be employed there or that the first element must precede the second element in some manner. Also, unless stated otherwise a set of elements may comprise one or more elements. In addition, terminology of the form “at least one of: A, B, or C” used in the description or the claims means “A or B or C or any combination of these elements.” 
     Those of skill in the art would understand that information and signals may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the above description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof. 
     Those of skill would further appreciate that any of the various illustrative logical blocks, modules, processors, means, circuits, and algorithm steps described in connection with the aspects disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware (e.g., a digital implementation, an analog implementation, or a combination of the two, which may be designed using source coding or some other technique), various forms of program or design code incorporating instructions (which may be referred to herein, for convenience, as “software” or a “software module”), or combinations of both. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware and software, various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps have been described above generally in terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present disclosure. 
     The various illustrative logical blocks, modules, and circuits described in connection with the aspects disclosed herein may be implemented within or performed by an integrated circuit (“IC”), an access terminal, or an access point. The IC may comprise a general purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, electrical components, optical components, mechanical components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein, and may execute codes or instructions that reside within the IC, outside of the IC, or both. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration. 
     It is understood that any specific order or hierarchy of steps in any disclosed process is an example of a sample approach. Based upon design preferences, it is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of steps in the processes may be rearranged while remaining within the scope of the present disclosure. The accompanying method claims present elements of the various steps in a sample order, and are not meant to be limited to the specific order or hierarchy presented. 
     In one or more exemplary embodiments, the functions described may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media includes both computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A storage media may be any available media that can be accessed by a computer. By way of example, and not limitation, such computer-readable media can comprise RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to carry or store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a computer. Also, any connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium. For example, if the software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of medium. Disk and disc, as used herein, includes compact disc (CD), laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD), floppy disk and blu-ray disc where disks usually reproduce data magnetically, while discs reproduce data optically with lasers. Combinations of the above should also be included within the scope of computer-readable media. It should be appreciated that a computer-readable medium may be implemented in any suitable computer-program product. 
     The previous description of the disclosed aspects is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present disclosure. Various modifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the present disclosure is not intended to be limited to the aspects shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.