Abstract:
Disclosed are methods of inhibiting a PAR-1 receptor in a patient who has recently ingested food or an antacid comprising the step of administering an effective amount 
     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
     and/or the bisulfate salt thereof.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0001]    PAR-1 antagonists are thought to have a variety of therapeutic uses, including, inter alia, those related to the treatment or prevention of cardiovascular, inflammatory, and proliferative conditions. A sampling of the literature regarding the potential uses of PAR-1 antagonists is found in U.S. Ser. No. 10/705,282. 
         [0002]    It is known that the recent ingestion of food by a patient can negatively impact on efficacy a of drug substance subsequently administered to that patient. This effect can be due to a variety of mechanisms, such as delayed bioabsorption and/or impaired metabolism. The recent ingestion of an antacid is also thought to be a potential risk to efficacy. Patients who are at risk for or who suffer from the above-described conditions and who are administered a PAR-1 antagonist are subject to these same potential threats to efficacy. 
         [0003]    The compound of the following structural formula: 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0000]    and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, including its bisulfate salt form, is a PAR-1 antagonist currently in development for the treatment of acute coronary syndrome and secondary prevention of cardiovascular events. The chemical name of this compound is ethyl [(R1R,3aR,4aR,6R,8aR,9S,9aS)-9-[(E)-2-[5-(3-fluorophenyl)-2- pyridinyl]ethenyl]-dodecahydro-1-methyl-3-oxonaphtho[2,3-c]furan-6-yl] carbamate. It has been disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 7,304,078, crystalline forms of the bisulfate salt are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 7,235,567, formulations are disclosed in Ser. Nos. 11/771,571; 11/960,320; 11/771,520; and 11/860,165; and methods of treating a variety conditions are disclosed in Ser. Nos. 10/705,282; 60/753,246; 11/642,505; and 11/642,487, all of which are herein incorporated in their entirety. It would be a significant improvement in the treatment of the relevant disease states to identify a PAR-1 antagonist whose efficacy after recent ingestion of food or an antacid was superior to the post-ingestion efficacy of competitive other treatment options. 
     
    
     
       DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES 
         [0004]    FIG. 1 displays the mean plasma concentration of SCH 530348, which represents 
           [0000]    
         
                   
           
               
               
           
         
       
           [0000]    and/or its bisulfate salt form in fasted and fed subjects. 
           [0005]    FIG. 2 displays the mean plasma concentration of SCH 530348 (also known as TRA), which represents 
           [0000]    
         
                   
           
               
               
           
         
       
           [0000]    and/or the bisulfate salt form thereof, in fasted subjects with and without an antacid. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0006]    The effect of food And antacid on the pharmacokinetics of 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0000]    and or the bisulfate salt thereof in healthy subjects was studied in a clinical trial. The primary objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of food (standardized high-fat breakfast) and antacid (increased gastric pH) on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0000]    and or the bisulfate salt thereof administered orally as a 40 mg tablet. A secondary objective was to evaluate the effect of meal timing relative to fasting on the PK of 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0000]    and/or the bisulfate salt thereof administered orally as a 40 mg tablet. 
         [0007]    The study was designed as a randomized, open-label, single-dose, parallel-group, single-center study conducted in healthy young adults in conformance with Good Clinical Practice. Healthy male and female subjects between the ages of 18 and 45 years with a body mass index of 19-32 kg/m 2  were eligible for enrollment. Eligible subjects were randomly assigned to receive a single 40 mg dose of 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0000]    and/or the bisulfate salt thereof as follows: 
         [0000]                                    Group A    Fasted (after a 10-hour fast)       (n = 22)           Group B    Fed (0 hours; within 5 minutes of completing a       (n = 20)   standardized high-fat breakfast)       Group C    1 hour after completing a standardized high-fat       (n = 11)   breakfast       Group D    2 hours after completing a standardized high-fat       (n = 10)   breakfast       Group E    Antacid (after a 10-hour fast and within 5 minutes after       (n = 20)   drinking 20 mL Gaviscon ® extra-strength liquid antacid)                    
Baseline demographic characteristics are summarized in Table 1.
 
         [0000]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  TABLE 1                   Fasted   Fed   1 hr after Food   2 hrs after Food   Antacid       Characteristic   (n = 22)   (n = 20)   (n = 11)   (n = 10)   (n = 20)                                Sex (n, %)                                Female   9   (41)   9   (45)   7   (64)   4   (40)   9   (45)       Male   13   (59)   11   (55)   4   (36)   6   (60)   11   (55)            Race (n, %)                                White   17   (77)   10   (50)   6   (55)   5   (50)   14   (70)       Non-white   5   (23)   10   (50)   5   (45)   5   (50)   6   (30)            Age                                Mean (SD)   30.0   (8.4)   26.3   (7.9)   27.1   (8.3)   28.4   (6.7)   26.6   (6.6)            Median   27.5   23.5   25.0   27.0   24.5       Range   20-43   18-43   19-42   20-41   19-41       BMI (kg/m 2 )                                Mean   26.99   (2.91)   23.10   (2.63)   23.23   (2.88)   24.64   (2.70)   24.11   (3.30)            Median   27.25   22.15   23.00   24.60   23.45       Range   22.6-32.0   19.7-27.4   19.6-28.2   19.0-28.0   19.1-29.5               SD = standard deviation       Blood samples were collected at predose (0 hour) and at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12 and 24 hours after dosing.       Additional blood samples were collected on an outpatient              
basis on Days 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 (±1 day) after dosing. The bioanalytical assay was an LC-MS/MS assay, LLOQ=1.00 ng/mL.
 
         [0008]    The study results demonstrate the following effects of food and antacid on pharmacokinetics of 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0000]    and/or the bisulfate salt thereof. The compound represented by the chemical structure 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0000]    and/or the bisulfate salt thereof, was rapidly absorbed in fasted subjects (median T max : 1 hour) , whereas its absorption was delayed in fed subjects: median T max  was 3 hours when 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0000]    and/ or the bisulfate salt thereof was administered immediately with food, and 2 hours when administered 1 hour or 2 hours after a meal (FIG. 1 and Table 2). Co-administration of 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0000]    and/or the bisulfate salt thereof with antacid in fasted subjects was associated with delayed absorption (median T max : 2 hours vs 1 hour in fasted subjects without antacid; Table 2 and FIG. 2): 
         [0009]    Table 2 displays mean (% coefficient of variation) pharmacokine values after single 40 mg dose of 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0000]    and/or the bisulfate salt in fasted and fed subjects. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Treat- 
                   
                   
                 AUC(tf) 
                 AUC(I) 
                   
               
               
                 ment 
                 C max   
                 T max   a   
                 (ng · hr/ 
                 (ng · hr/ 
                   
               
               
                 Group 
                 (ng/mL) 
                 (hr) 
                 mL) 
                 mL) 
                 t 1/2  (hr) 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 Fasted 
                 262 
                 1 
                 16800  
                 18400 b   
                 240 b   
               
               
                 without 
                 (33) 
                 (0.42-3)   
                 (23) 
                 (n = 21) 
                 (41) 
               
               
                 antacid 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 (n = 21) 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Fed  
                 347 
                 3 
                 22800  
                 26600 c   
                 261 c   
               
               
                 (n = 20) 
                 (43) 
                 (1-4) 
                 (27) 
                 (29) 
                 (57) 
               
               
                 1 hour  
                 298 
                 2 
                 23200  
                 26800 d   
                 289 d   
               
               
                 after  
                 (24) 
                 (1.5-4)   
                 (33) 
                 (34) 
                 (44) 
               
               
                 food  
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 (n = 11) 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 2 hours  
                 355 
                 2 
                 22400  
                 23400 d   
                 242 d   
               
               
                 after  
                 (37) 
                 (1-4) 
                 (25) 
                 (23) 
                 (34) 
               
               
                 food  
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 (n = 10) 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Fasted  
                 165 
                 2  
                 15000  
                 15800 c    
                 245 c   
               
               
                 with 
                 (40) 
                 (1-6) 
                 (29) 
                 (29) 
                 (42) 
               
               
                 antacid 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 (n = 20) 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   a Median (range) 
               
               
                   b n = 19 
               
               
                   c n = 18 
               
               
                   d n = 9. 
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0010]    FIG. 2. Mean plasma concentration of 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0000]    and/or the bisulfate salt thereof in fasted subjects without and with antacid. 

 
         [0011]    The data demonstrate that administration of 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0000]    and/or the bisulfate salt thereof 40 mg tablet immediately with food increased systemic exposure (AUC[l]) by 43% and peak plasma concentration (C max ) by 31% (Table 3); similar increases were observed when the tablet was administered 1 hour or 2 hours after a meal (Table 3). Table 3 displays the relative bioavailability of 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0000]    and/or the bisulfate salt thereof in fasted and fed subjects 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 3 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 90% 
               
               
                   
                 Treatment 
                   
                 Ratio Estimate 
                 Confidence 
               
               
                 Parameter 
                 Group 
                 n 
                 Fed vs Fasted 
                 Interval 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 AUC(I) a   
                 Fasted 
                 19 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                 Fed 
                 18 
                 143 
                 123-166 
               
               
                   
                 1 hr after food 
                  9 
                 143 
                 119-172 
               
               
                   
                 2 hr after food 
                  9 
                 127 
                 106-153 
               
               
                 C max   
                 Fasted 
                 21 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                 Fed 
                 20 
                 131 
                 108-159 
               
               
                   
                 1 hr after food 
                 11 
                 117 
                  93-147 
               
               
                   
                 2 hr after food 
                 10 
                 137 
                 107-174 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   a AUC(I) could not be determined for some subjects 
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0012]    The data show that antacid co-administration reduced the systemic exposure (AUC[l]) of 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0000]    and/or the bisulfate salt thereof by 15% and its peak plasma concentration (C max ) by 38% (Table 4). Table 4 shows the relative bioavailability of 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0000]    and/or the bisulfate salt thereof in fasted subjects administered alone and with antacid. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 4 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Ratio Estimate 
                 90% 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 with vs without 
                 Confidence 
               
               
                 Parameter 
                 Treatment Group 
                 n 
                 Antacid 
                 Interval 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 AUC(I) a   
                                           
   and/or the bisulfate salt thereof alone With antacid 
                 19 18 
                 85 
                 73-99 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 C max   
                                           
   and/or the bisulfate salt thereof alone With antacid 
                 21 20 
                 62 
                 51-75 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   a AUC(I) could not be determined for some subjects. 
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0013]    The result of this study support the following conclusions:
       Food delayed the absorption of       
 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0000]    and/or the bisulfate salt thereof administered as a 40 mg oral tablet and increased the peak plasma concentration and exposure to 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0000]    and/or the bisulfate salt thereof. The effect on exposure was similar irrespective of whether it was administered immediately after or 1 or 2 hours after a meal,
       Co-administration of the       
 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0000]    and/ or the bisulfate salt thereof 40 mg oral tablet with antacid resulted in the delay absorption and decreased peak plasma concentration and exposure to 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0000]    and/or the bisulfate salt thereof.
       The effects of concomitant food and antacid on the pharmacokinetics of       
 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0000]    and/or the bisulfate salt thereof are modest and not considered to be of clinical significance during chronic treatment, indicating that 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0000]    and/or the bisulfate salt thereof can be safely co-administered with food and antacids. In situations where a loading dose of 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0000]    and/or the bisulfate salt thereof may be required, such as in patients with an acute coronary syndrome, concomitant food and/or antacid may slightly delay the onset of action, but should have no significant effect on the overall extent of platelet aggregation inhibition. 
         [0017]    Thus, it appears that 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0000]    and/or the bisulfate salt thereof is effective in treating fed patients and those who have taken an antacid for those conditions amenable to treatment by a PAR-1 inhibitor, e.g., acute coronary syndrome and peripheral arterial disease. Secondary prevention of coronary events can also be effected in such patients by administration of 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0000]    and/or the bisulfate salt thereof. 
         [0018]    The pharmacokinetic characteristics of 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0000]    and/or the bisulfate salt thereof demonstrated in this study (e.g., C max , T max  and AUC) may be superior to those of other anticoagulants in patients who have recently ingested food or an antacid. 
         [0019]    Materials summarizing this study are presented in Appendix I of this specification. Materials summarizing an earlier study that also looked at the effect of food on the oral bioavalibility of 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0000]    and/or the bisulfate salt thereof are presented as Appendix II of this specification. 
         [0020]    The above description is not intended to detail all modifications and variations of the invention. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes can be made to the embodiments described above without departing from the inventive concept. It is understood, therefore, that the invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described above, but is intended to cover modifications that are within the spirit and scope of the invention, as defined by the language of the following claims.