Abstract:
Caliper bodies for disc brakes are provided. Such caliper bodies are suitable for being arranged astride a disc for a disc brake. Calipers which include such caliper bodies are also provided.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a National Phase Application of PCT International Application No. PCT/IB2011/051351, International Filing Date, Mar. 30, 2011 claiming priority to Italian Patent Application No. MI2010A000537, filed Mar. 31, 2010, both of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. 
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention refers to a caliper body for a disc brake, for example for a motor vehicle, as well as to a caliper for a disc brake that comprises such a body. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     In particular, in a disc brake, the brake caliper is arranged astride of the outer peripheral edge of a brake disc. The brake caliper usually comprises a body having two elongated elements that are arranged so as to face opposite braking surfaces of a disc. Friction pads are foreseen arranged between each elongated element of the caliper and the braking surfaces of the brake disc. At least one of the elongated elements of the body of the caliper has cylinders suitable for receiving hydraulic pistons capable of exerting a thrusting action on the pads abutting them against the braking surfaces of the disc to exert a braking action on the vehicle. 
     The brake calipers are usually fixedly connected to a support structure that stays still on the vehicle, like for example a stub axle of a suspension of a vehicle. 
     In a typical arrangement, one of the two elongated elements has two or more mounting portions of the body of the caliper to the support structure, for example foreseeing slots or eyelets, for example arranged axially, or through-holes, for example arranged radially, suitable for receiving screws for attaching the caliper that, with their ends, are received in threaded holes foreseen on the support of the caliper. 
     In a typical caliper body construction, the elongated elements arranged facing the braking surfaces of the disc are connected together by bridge elements arranged astride of the disc. 
     A caliper body of this type is described in EP-A-2022999. In FIG. 1 of EP-A-2022999 a caliper body of the type with a fixed caliper is shown. This caliper body is of the monoblock type comprising two elongated elements the ends of which are connected together by bridges. Stiffening shafts extend between the elongated elements and between the two bridges forming a cross-type structure. 
     The caliper comprises different components mounted on the body such as pistons, gaskets, draining devices and brake fluid supply ducts. 
     Typically, the body of the caliper is made from metal like for example aluminium, or aluminium alloy or cast iron. The body of the caliper can be obtained by fusion, but also by mechanical chip-removal, as well as by forging. 
     The body of the caliper can be produced both in a single piece or monoblock, but also in two half-calipers typically connected together along a plane that usually coincides with the middle plane of the disc on which the caliper is arranged astride. 
     In the case in which the driver of the vehicle wants to brake or slow down the travel of the vehicle, he applies a force on the brake pedal, in the case of an automobile. Such a force on the brake pedal, through a brake pump exerts a pressure on the brake fluid that through a duct applies to the brake fluid present in the hydraulic circuit arranged inside the body of the caliper until it reaches the cylinders where the pressure is exerted on the surface of the bottom of the pistons forcing them to clamp against the pads, which in turn abut against the braking surfaces of the disc. 
     The pressure action of the brake fluid is also exerted on the bottom wall of the cylinder determining a reaction in the body of the caliper that deforms it away from the surfaces of the disc. This deformation of the body of the caliper leads to an increase in the stroke of the pistons and thus to an increase in the stroke of the brake pedal. The body of the caliper also deforms as a function of the torque exerted by the action of the piston that, abutting the pads against the braking surfaces of the disc, applies a deformation moment in directions that form torque arms with respect to the attachment points of the caliper body to its support. These torques deform the caliper body also in a tangential and radial direction with respect to the disc, as well as in an axial direction. 
     The caliper body must therefore have a sufficient structural rigidity, so as to ensure that this deformation of the body of the caliper caused by the braking action is kept within tolerable values, which, as well as avoiding damage to the braking system, do not create the feeling of a poor braking system for the driver, determining an extra stroke of the lever or pedal of the braking system creating the feeling of a “spongy” system. This requirement pushes towards having extremely rigid structures for the bodies of the calipers and therefore towards increasing their bulk and weight. 
     On the other hand, the body of the caliper, since it is fixedly connected to the suspension of the vehicle and is arranged astride of the disc, is one of the unsuspended masses that it is wished to reduce as much as possible in order to increase the performance of the vehicle. 
     Of course, these considerations are taken to the extreme when the vehicle is of the type for racing and the user wishes to have a braking system that is extremely responsive to his commands and at the same time extremely light so as not to penalise the performance of the racing vehicle. 
     There is therefore a great need for a caliper body for a disc brake that has improved structural characteristics for the same weight of the body of the caliper, or else with the same structural characteristics having a lower weight with respect to the solutions of the prior art. There are known solutions for caliper bodies that are specially studied to increase the characteristics of structural rigidity. For example the aforementioned patent application EP-A-2022999, patent application EP-A-153497, American patent U.S. Pat. No. 6,708,802, European patent application EP-A-1911989, international patent application PCT/EP2005/050615, Japanese patent application JP-A-09257063 and American patent U.S. Pat. No. 3,183,999 all present solutions for bodies for brake calipers equipped with reinforcement elements, for example arranged around the caliper bodies. In some of these known solutions the caliper body is of the symmetrical type according to planes passing through the axis of the disc or through the middle of the disc. In other solutions the caliper body has big and distributed windows that form elongated reinforcement elements arranged longitudinally to the body of the caliper. Although satisfactory from many points of view these known solutions nevertheless do not allow structures to be obtained that maximise the structural rigidity of the body of the caliper, reducing weights and at the same time capable of keeping the bulk as low as possible so as to facilitate the mounting of the body of the caliper even inside rims and wheels on which brake discs having a large diameter are mounted. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     These and further purposes can be accomplished by caliper bodies and calipers described herein. 
     In accordance with a general embodiment, a caliper body for a disc brake is suitable for being arranged astride of a disc per disc brake. 
     Said disc has a first braking surface and a second braking surface opposite the first. 
     Said disc defines an axial direction A-A parallel to a rotation axis thereof a-a, the latter defining an axial outward direction AO when facing away from the vehicle, a tangential or circumferential direction T-T parallel to one of its braking surfaces, the latter defining a tangential outward direction TO when facing away from the caliper body, with disc entry direction I and disc exit direction U, and a radial direction R-R perpendicular to the axial direction A-A and to the circumferential or tangential direction T-T, the latter defining a radial outward direction RO when facing away from the rotation axis of the disc. 
     Advantageously, said caliper body comprises a mounting-side elongated portion or mounting equipped with at least one mounting portion suitable for being connected to a support for the caliper. 
     Said mounting-side elongated portion comprises a disc entry-side first tangential end and a disc exit-side second tangential end. 
     Said mounting-side elongated portion being suitable for facing, with an axial inner surface thereof, towards the first braking surface of the disc. 
     Said body also comprises a non mounting-side elongated portion facing, with an axial inner surface thereof, towards the second braking surface of the disc and comprises a disc entry-side first tangential end and a disc exit-side second end. 
     Each elongated portion houses or forms at least two cylinders each suitable for receiving a piston to exert a pressure on at least one pad housed between said elongated portion of the caliper and said braking surfaces of the disc. 
     Said elongated portions are connected together by a first end bridge that connects the two disc entry-side tangential ends. Said bridge is suitable for being arranged astride of the disc. 
     Said elongated portions are connected by a second end bridge that connects the two disc exit-side tangential ends. Said second bridge is suitable for being arranged astride of the disc. 
     Said caliper body also comprises at least three central bridges connecting the two elongated portions in their regions arranged inside the two end bridges. Each of said central bridges connects to said elongated portions at the side of said at least two cylinders forming at least four through-windows in said caliper body. 
     In accordance with an embodiment, outside of the cylinders there are two connection bridges of the elongated portions. 
     In accordance with an embodiment, said caliper body comprises four central bridges, two intermediate bridges and two middle bridges, said central bridges being arranged connecting the two elongated portions in their regions arranged inside the two end bridges. Each of said central bridges connects to said elongated portions at the sides of a cylinder of three cylinders foreseen for each elongated portion, together with the elongated portions forming at least five through-windows in said caliper body. 
     In accordance with an embodiment, each connection bridge between said elongated portions comprises:
         a first joining portion, joined to the mounting-side elongated portion and arranged substantially in the radial direction R-R;   a second joining portion joined to the non mounting-side elongated portion arranged substantially the radial direction R-R;   a third bridge portion joined to the first joining portion and to the second joining portion and arranged substantially in the axial direction A-A;
 
said portions configuring the bridge substantially like an inverted “U” suitable for being arranged astride of the disc.
       

     In accordance with an embodiment, each bridge is connected to the adjacent bridge through a further bridge transversal to it or tangential bridge, said tangential bridge defining two windows passing through the body of the caliper between the bridge and the adjacent bridge. 
     In accordance with an embodiment, between a disc entry bridge and an adjacent intermediate bridge there is an entry-side tangential bridge that forms a mounting-side disc entry bridge window and a non mounting-side disc entry bridge window. 
     Between the intermediate bridge and an adjacent central or middle bridge there is an intermediate tangential bridge that forms a window between intermediate bridge and central or middle bridge on the mounting side and a window between intermediate bridge and central or middle bridge on the non mounting side. 
     Between the central or middle bridge and an adjacent central or middle bridge there is a central tangential bridge that forms a window between central bridge and central bridge on the mounting side and a window between central bridge and central bridge on the non mounting side. 
     Between the central or middle bridge and an adjacent intermediate bridge there is an intermediate tangential bridge that forms a window between central bridge and intermediate bridge on the mounting side and a window between central bridge and intermediate bridge on the non mounting side. 
     Between the intermediate bridge and an adjacent end bridge on the exit side there is a tangential end bridge that forms a window between intermediate bridge and disc exit-side bridge on the mounting side and a window between intermediate bridge and disc exit-side bridge on the non mounting side. 
     In accordance with an embodiment, two adjacent bridges define a through-window that crosses the caliper body in the axial direction A-A. 
     In accordance with an embodiment, said end bridges have a foil-shaped bridge body that lies substantially parallel to a plane, preferably, but not necessarily, the same plane. 
     In accordance with an embodiment, said mounting-side elongated portion and said non mounting-side elongated portion extend in the tangential direction T-T substantially in an arc of circle, housing or forming the cylinders so that they project from said mounting-side elongated portion and said non mounting-side elongated portion in the radial outward direction RO and in the opposite radial direction. 
     In accordance with an embodiment, two central or middle bridges are connected together by a central tangential bridge directed tangentially T-T, which together with said central or middle bridges defines two through-windows that, in the radial direction R-R, have an edge curved in a bulb. 
     In accordance with an embodiment, said intermediate bridges house mounting portions of the caliper body to a support for the caliper body, for example a stub axle. 
     In accordance with an embodiment, said central or middle bridges have a portion that projects to the non mounting-side elongated portion with a radially outer surface in which a lightening groove is formed. 
     In accordance with an embodiment, said mounting-side non mounting-side elongated portions house or form each three cylinders and they are connected together by six bridges and by tangential bridges that define ten through-windows in the radial direction to the caliper body and in the axial direction to the caliper body. 
     In accordance with an embodiment, said caliper body is a monoblock or a body in a single piece. 
     In accordance with an embodiment, advantageously, a caliper body as described above is used in a caliper for a disc brake. 
     Further purposes, solutions and advantages are present in the embodiments described hereafter and claimed in the dependent claims attached hereto. 
     Different embodiments of the invention are described hereafter through example embodiments given only as examples and not for limiting purposes, with reference in particular to the attached figures briefly described below. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES 
         FIG. 1  shows an axonometric view of a caliper for a disc brake represented from above and outside of the vehicle, i.e. the side of the elongated portion not for mounting to the support of the caliper; 
         FIG. 2  shows an axonometric view of the caliper for a disc brake of  FIG. 1  represented from above and inside the vehicle, i.e. the side of the elongated portion for mounting to the support of the caliper; 
         FIG. 3  shows an axonometric view of the caliper for a disc brake of  FIG. 1  represented from below and inside the vehicle, i.e. the side of the elongated portion for mounting to the support of the caliper; 
         FIG. 4  shows an axonometric view of the caliper for a disc brake of  FIG. 1  represented from below and outside the vehicle, i.e. the side of the elongated portion not for mounting to the support of the caliper; 
         FIG. 5  illustrates a side view from the disc entry-side of the caliper of  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 6  illustrates a side view from the disc exit-side of the caliper of  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 7  shows a view from above, i.e. representing the radially outer surface facing the opposite side to the disc, of the caliper of  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 8  illustrates a view from below, i.e. representing the radially inner surface facing towards the disc, of the caliper of  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 9  illustrates an axially outer side view or from the elongated element side, wheel side, or non-mounting side, of the caliper of  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 10  illustrates an axially inner side view or from the elongated element side on the mounting side, of the caliper of  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 11  illustrates a section along the tangential line XI-XI of  FIG. 7  of the caliper of  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 12  illustrates a section along the tangential line XII-XII of  FIG. 7  of the caliper of  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 13  shows a section along the line XIII-XIII of  FIG. 7  of the caliper of  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIGS. 14 to 22  show axonometric and perspective views, as well as axonometric views with separated parts, of a caliper according to a further embodiment. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     In accordance with a general embodiment, a few examples of which are depicted in the attached figures, a caliper body  1  for a disc brake is suitable for being arranged astride of a disc  40  for a disc brake. 
     Said disc  40  has a first braking surface  41  and a second braking surface  42 , opposite the first braking surface. The disc  40  defines an axial direction, indicated in the figures with the axis A-A, parallel to a rotation axis thereof, indicated in the figures with a-a, as well as a tangential or circumferential direction, indicated in the figures with T-T and parallel to one of its braking surfaces  41 ,  42 . When this circumferential direction is followed in the same direction as the rotation of the disc, a disc-entry travel direction is defined, indicated in the figures with reference letter “I”, as well as defining an opposite disc exit direction indicated in the figures or in the references with “U”. 
     Said disc  40  also defines a radial direction, indicated in the figures with R-R, arranged perpendicular to the axial direction A-A and to the circumferential or tangential direction T-T. Also for the radial direction it is possible to define a radial outward direction RO when this direction is followed away from the rotation axis of the disc a-a. 
     The caliper body  1  comprises a mounting-side elongated portion  2 , equipped with at least one mounting portion  12 , for example but not necessarily a portion defining a through-hole suitable for receiving means for fixing the caliper body to a support structure of the caliper body, for example a stub axle of a suspension of a vehicle. 
     Said mounting-side elongated portion  2  comprises a disc entry-side first tangential end  21  and a disc exit-side second tangential end  22 . 
     Said mounting-side elongated portion  2  has an axial inner surface thereof  13  suitable for facing the first braking surface  41  of the disc  40 . 
     Said mounting-side elongated portion  2  houses, or forms, at least two cylinders  15 , advantageously but not necessarily three cylinders  15 , suitable for each receiving a pressure on a pad  8  arranged, or housed, between said elongated mounting portion  2  and said braking surface  41  of the disc  40 . 
     Said caliper body  1  also comprises a non mounting-side elongated portion  3 . Said non mounting-side elongated portion  3  has an axial inner surface  14  suitable for facing the second braking surface  42  of the disc  40 . Said non mounting-side elongated portion has a disc entry-side first tangential end  23  and a disc exit-side second tangential end  24 . 
     Said non mounting-side elongated portion  3  houses, or forms, at least two cylinders  15 , preferably but not necessarily three cylinders  15 , suitable for each receiving a piston to exert a pressure on a pad  9  housed between said non mounting-side elongated portion  3  of the caliper  39  and said braking surface  42  of the disc  40 . 
     Said elongated portions  2 ,  3  are connected together by a first end bridge  4  that connects the two disc entry-side tangential ends  21 ,  23  of the elongated mounting portion and of the elongated non mounting portion  3 . Advantageously, said bridge is suitable for being arranged astride of the disc  40 . 
     In accordance with an embodiment, said end bridge  4  has a band-like or substantially flat body. 
     Said elongated portions  2 ,  3  are also connected together by a second end bridge  5  that connects them at the two disc exit-side tangential ends  22 ,  24 . Said second end bridge  5  is suitable for being arranged astride of the disc  40 . 
     In accordance with an embodiment, said end bridge  5  has a band-like or substantially flat body. 
     Preferably, said caliper body  1  also comprises three further bridges, a central bridge  100 , advantageously but not necessarily two central or middle bridges  101  and  102 , and two intermediate bridges  6 ,  7  connecting the two elongated mounting and non mounting portions  2 ,  3  in their regions arranged inside or between the two end bridges, or else inside the disc entry-side first tangential end and the disc exit-side second end. 
     In accordance with an embodiment, said mounting-side and non mounting-side elongated portions  2 ,  3  are connected together by at least two bridges  5  and  7  or else  4  and  6  arranged circumferentially or tangentially outside the cylinders  15 . In accordance with an embodiment, said mounting-side and non mounting-side elongated portions  2 , 3  are connected together at both the disc entry and exit ends  21 ,  22 ,  23  and  24  by at least two bridges  5 ,  7  and  4 ,  6  for each end. 
     In accordance with an embodiment, there are at least two bridges  4 ,  6  or  5 ,  7  connecting the elongated portions  2 ,  3  arranged outside the at least two cylinders  15  foreseen in the elongated portions  2 ,  3 , avoiding the presence of any cylinder  15  between these two bridges. 
     In accordance with an embodiment, each of said bridges  6 ,  7 ,  100  connects to said elongated portions at the side of said cylinders  15 . In other words every bridge, at least those centrally arranged between said end bridges  4 , 5 , connects to the elongated portion where it comprises a cylinder  15  and in particular on a side of a cylinder, for example engaging, in a radial view, at most half of the cylinder. In other words, the connection portion between a bridge  6 ,  7 ,  100  and the elongated portion comprising a cylinder  15  engages at most half of the body portion that forms the wall that defines a cylinder  15 . 
     In accordance with an embodiment, each of said bridges  6 ,  7 ,  100  connects to said elongated portions at the side of said cylinders  15  so as not to radially cover more than half the cylinder. 
     Thanks to a connection between a bridge and the elongated portion that is limited to the side of a cylinder, it is possible to leave at least one portion of an elongated element free, in particular a portion of the wall that defines a free cylinder, so as to facilitate the cooling of the wall that defines the chamber that receives the brake fluid for thrusting pistons received in said cylinder. 
     In accordance with an embodiment, between said at least two cylinders for an elongated portion there are two bridges  101 ,  102 . In accordance with an embodiment, between said two bridges  101 ,  102  the presence of a cylinder is avoided. In accordance with an embodiment, said two bridges  101 ,  102  are adjacent without the interposition of cylinders. 
     In accordance with an embodiment, between said bridges  6 ,  7 ,  100  or  101  and  102  there is at least one through-window that places the inside of the caliper  39  in communication in the radial direction R-R with the outside of the caliper. 
     In accordance with an embodiment, between said end, intermediate and central bridges  4 ,  5 ;  6 ,  7 ;  100  or  101 ,  102  there is at least one window  111 ,  112 ;  113 ,  114 ;  115 ,  116 ;  117 ,  118 ;  119 ,  120  that places the inside of the caliper in communication in the radial direction R-R with the outside of the caliper. 
     In accordance with an embodiment, between said end, intermediate and central bridges  4 ,  5 ;  6 ,  7 ;  100  or  101 ,  102  there is at least one further transversal bridge arranged in the tangential direction, preferably, but not necessarily, arranged in the middle of the caliper body that connects in pairs the adjacent bridges and defines at least two windows  111 ,  112 ;  113 ,  114 ;  115 ,  116 ;  117 ,  118 ;  119 ,  120  between each pair of adjacent bridges that place the inside of the caliper in communication in the radial direction R-R with the outside of the caliper. 
     In accordance with an embodiment, between said end, intermediate and central bridges  4 ,  5 ;  6 ,  7 ;  100  or  101 ,  102  there is at least one window  111 ,  112 ;  113 ,  114 ;  115 ,  116 ;  117 ,  118 ;  119 ,  120  that places the non mounting side of the caliper in communication in the axial direction A-A with the mounting side of the caliper. 
     In accordance with an embodiment, between said end, intermediate and central bridges  4 ,  5 ;  6 ,  7 ;  100  or  101 ,  102  there is at least one further transversal bridge arranged in the tangential direction, preferably, but not necessarily, arranged in the middle of the caliper body that connects in pairs the adjacent bridges and defines at least two windows  111 ,  112 ;  113 ,  114 ;  115 ,  116 ;  117 ,  118 ;  119 ,  120  between each pair of adjacent bridges that place the non mounting side of the caliper in communication in the axial direction A-A with the inside of the caliper and thus with the mounting side of the caliper. 
     In accordance with an embodiment, the non mounting side and mounting side elongated bodies  3 ,  2  define pockets  27  suitable for receiving the pads  8 ,  9  so that they are arranged between the pistons housed in the cylinders  15  and the braking surfaces  41 ,  42  of the disc  40  ( FIG. 8 ). 
     In accordance with an embodiment the thickness evaluated in the tangential direction T-T of the central or middle bridges  101  and  102  is variable along the longitudinal or axial direction A-A of said central bridges  101 ,  102 . 
     In accordance with an embodiment, at least one of the central bridges  6 ,  7  has a portion thereof close to the non mounting-side elongated element  3  equipped with a lightening undercut or groove  121  and  122 . 
     In accordance with an embodiment both of the central bridges  6 ,  7  have a portion close to the non mounting-side elongated element  3  equipped with a groove, for example but not necessarily longitudinal, or directed in the axial direction A-A, for lightening  121  and  122 . 
     In accordance with an embodiment, the mounting-side and non mounting-side elongated portion  4 ,  3  have a longitudinal portion thereof extending according to the tangential direction T-T that is outside with respect to the body of the caliper  1 , or on the opposite side with respect to the disc  40 , with a low thickness or smaller than the thickness at the mounting points between the mounting-side and non mounting-side elongated portion  2 ,  3  and the end bridges  4 ,  5 , as well as the intermediate and central bridges  6 ,  7 ;  101 ,  102 . 
     In accordance with an embodiment, the mounting-side elongated portion  2  and the non mounting-side elongated portion  3 , between at least one intermediate bridge  6 ,  7  and at least one central bridge  101 ,  102  have at least two recessed or undercut portions forming portions of said mounting-side elongated portion  2  and said non mounting-side elongated portion  3  with low thickness or smaller than the radial thickness evaluated at said intermediate bridge  6 ,  7  and said central bridge  101 ,  102 . 
     In accordance with an embodiment, in said mounting-side elongated portion  2  and in said non mounting-side elongated portion  3 , there are at least one window that opens in the axial direction A-A arranged between at least one bridge and the adjacent bridge, said window placing the inside of the body of the caliper, or a plate of the pad  8 , in communication in the axial direction with the outside of the caliper. 
     In accordance with an embodiment, said there are five of said axial windows in the section of the elongated mounting-side element  2  and there are five of said axial windows in the section of the non mounting-side elongated element  3 . 
     In accordance with an embodiment, the non mounting-side elongated element  3  has a radial thickness outside of the shape of the cylinders that remains substantially constant along its entire longitudinal extension or parallel to the circumferential direction T-T. 
     In accordance with an embodiment, said non mounting-side elongated element  3  extends outside of the shape of the cylinders with a constant thickness forming an arc of circle-shaped portion, from which, for example, but not necessarily, at the bottom, i.e. in its side facing towards the axis of the disc a-a, portions project at the cylinders  15  to house the pistons for biasing the pad  9 . In accordance with an embodiment, every undercut portion or axial window of the mounting-side elongated portion  2  is axially faced by a portion of similar radial thickness of the non mounting-side elongated portion  3 . 
     In accordance with an embodiment, the mounting-side elongated portion  2  has an upper surface thereof facing radially outwards with respect to the axis of the disc a-a, which is shaped following the profile of the cylinders  15  that are made in it, forming for example recessed and projecting loops. 
     In accordance with an embodiment, the mounting-side elongated portion  2  has a lower surface thereof facing radially inwards towards the axis of the disc a-a, shaped following the profile of the cylinders that are made in it, forming for example recessed and projecting loops. In accordance with an embodiment the mounting portions  12  foreseen in the mounting-side elongated portion  2  of the caliper  39  are two in number, or, alternatively, but not necessarily, there are four of them, where two of said four mounting portions  12  are preferably, but not necessarily arranged close to the intermediate bridges  6 ,  7 . 
     Thanks to the fact that the mounting portions  12  are foreseen in accordance with an embodiment, close to the intermediate bridges  6 ,  7  all of the stresses coming from the non mounting-side elongated portion  3  are transferred to the support of the caliper passing through the intermediate bridges  6 ,  7  coming together directly through the mounting portions  12  to the connection means and to the support of the caliper, limiting the deformation of the body of the caliper  1 . 
     In accordance with an embodiment, said non mounting-side elongated portion  3  has a radially upper surface facing in the radial outward direction away from the axis of the disc a-a and is shaped so as to follow the progression of the cylinders  15  foreseen in said non mounting-side elongated portion  3 , forming for example recessed or projecting loops. 
     In accordance with an embodiment, said non mounting-side elongated portion  3  has an inner radial surface facing towards the axis of the disc a-a, shaped so as to follow the profile of the cylinders  15 , foreseen in said non mounting-side elongated portion  3 , forming for example recessed or projecting loops. 
     In accordance with an embodiment, a caliper body  1  for a disc brake is suitable for being arranged astride of a disc  40  for a disc brake. Said disc  40  comprises a first braking surface  41  and a second braking surface  42  opposite the first. Said disc  40  defines an axial direction A-A parallel to a rotation axis thereof a-a, the latter defining an axial outward direction AO when facing away from the vehicle, a tangential or circumferential direction T-T parallel to one of its braking surfaces, the latter defining an outward tangential direction TO when facing away from the caliper body, with disc entry direction I and disc exit direction U, and a radial direction R-R perpendicular to the axial direction A-A and to the circumferential or tangential direction T-T, the latter defining a radial outward direction RO when facing away from the rotation axis of the disc. 
     Said caliper body comprises a mounting-side elongated portion  2  equipped with at least one mounting portion  12  suitable for being connected to a support for the caliper. Said mounting-side elongated portion  2  comprises a disc entry-side first tangential end  21  and a disc exit-side second tangential end  22 . Said mounting-side elongated portion  2  is suitable for facing with an axial inner surface thereof  13  towards the first braking surface  41  of the disc. Said body also comprises a non mounting-side elongated portion  3  facing with an axial inner surface thereof  14  towards the second braking surface  42  of the disc and comprises a disc entry-side first tangential end  23  and a disc exit-side second end  24 . Each elongated portion  2 ,  3  houses or forms at least two cylinders  15  each suitable for receiving a piston to exert a pressure on at least one pad  8 ,  9  housed between said elongated portion  2 ,  3  of the caliper  1  and said braking surface  41 ,  42  of the disc  40 . Said elongated portions  2 ,  3  are connected together by a first end bridge  4  that connects the two disc entry-side tangential ends  21 ,  23 . Said bridge is suitable for being arranged astride of the disc. Said elongated portions  2 ,  3  are connected by a second end bridge  5  that connects the two disc exit-side tangential ends  22 ,  24 , said second bridge being suitable for being arranged astride of the disc. Said caliper body also comprises at least three central bridges at the end bridges  6 ,  7 ,  100  connecting the two elongated portions  2 ,  3  in their regions arranged inside the two end bridges  4 ,  5 . Each of said central bridges  6 ,  7 ,  100  connects to said elongated portions at the side of said at least two cylinders  15  forming at least four through-windows in said caliper body  1 . 
     In accordance with an embodiment, said caliper body  1  comprises four central bridges  6 ,  7 ,  101 ,  102 , in particular two intermediate bridges  6 ,  7  and two middle or central bridges  101 ,  102 , said bridges being arranged in to connect the two elongated portions  2 ,  3  in their regions arranged inside the two end bridges  4 ,  5 . Each of said central bridges  6 ,  7 ,  101 ,  102  at the end bridges connects to said elongated portions at the side of a cylinder  15 , preferably three cylinders  15  foreseen for each elongated portion  2 ,  3 , together with the elongated portions  2 ,  3  forming at least five windows  111 ,  113 ,  115 ,  117 ,  119  passing through said caliper body  1 . 
     In accordance with an embodiment, each bridge  4 ,  5 ,  6 ,  7 ,  101 ,  102  connecting between said elongated portions  2 ,  3  comprises 
     a first joining portion  103  joined to the mounting-side elongated portion  2  arranged substantially in the radial direction R-R, 
     a second joining portion  104  joined to the non mounting-side elongated portion  3  arranged substantially in the radial direction R-R, 
     a third bridge portion  105  joined to the first joining portion  103  and to the second joining portion  104  and arranged substantially in the axial direction A-A. 
     Said portions  103 ,  104  and  105  configuring the bridge substantially in a “U” (in the figures in an inverted “U”) suitable for being arranged astride of the disc  40 . In accordance with an embodiment, at least two bridges  4 ,  5 ,  6 ,  7 ,  101 ,  102  are connected to the adjacent bridge through a further bridge transversal to it or tangential bridge  106 ,  107 ,  108 ,  109 ,  110  that, between the bridge and the adjacent bridge, defines two windows  111 ,  112 ;  113 ,  114 ;  115 ,  116 ;  117 ,  118 ;  119 ,  120  passing through the body of the caliper  1 . 
     In accordance with an embodiment, between a disc entry bridge  4  and an adjacent intermediate bridge  6  there is an entry-side tangential bridge  106  that forms a mounting-side disc entry bridge window  111  and a non mounting-side disc entry bridge window  112 . 
     In accordance with an embodiment, said entry-side tangential bridge  106  is substantially V-shaped when observed in the radial direction. In accordance with an embodiment, said entry-side tangential bridge  106  is substantially V-shaped with rounded edges. In accordance with an embodiment, said entry-side tangential bridge  106  has, for example radially outside, grooves  201 , for example but not necessarily extending in the axial direction A-A, for example but not necessarily a plurality of grooves  201  that are parallel to one another. 
     In accordance with an embodiment, between the intermediate bridge  6  and an adjacent central bridge  101  there is an intermediate tangential bridge  108  that forms a window between intermediate bridge and central bridge on the mounting side  113  and a window between intermediate bridge and central bridge on the non mounting side  114 . 
     In accordance with an embodiment, between the central bridge  101  and an adjacent further central bridge  102  there is a central tangential bridge  110  that forms a window between central bridge and central bridge on the mounting side  115  and a window between central bridge and central bridge on the non mounting side  116 . 
     In accordance with an embodiment, between the central bridge  102  and an adjacent intermediate bridge  7  there is an intermediate tangential bridge  109  that forms a window between central bridge and intermediate bridge on the mounting side  117  and a window between central bridge and intermediate bridge on the non mounting side  118 . 
     In accordance with an embodiment, between the intermediate bridge  7  and an adjacent disc exit-side end bridge  5  there is a tangential end bridge  107  that forms a window between intermediate bridge and disc exit-side bridge on the mounting side  119  and a window between intermediate bridge and disc exit-side bridge on the non mounting side  120 . 
     In accordance with an embodiment, said exit-side tangential bridge  107  is substantially V-shaped when observed in the radial direction. In accordance with an embodiment, said exit-side tangential bridge  107  is substantially V-shaped with rounded edges. In accordance with an embodiment, said exit-side tangential bridge  107  has, for example radially on the outside, grooves  201 , ad for example but not necessarily extending in the axial direction A-A, for example but not necessarily a plurality of grooves  201  that are parallel to one another. 
     In accordance with an embodiment, two adjacent bridges  4 ,  6 ;  6 ,  101 ;  101 ,  102 ;  102 ,  7 ;  7 ,  5  define a through-window  120  and  119 ;  118  and  117 ;  116  and  115 ;  114  and  113 ;  112  and  111  that crosses the caliper body  1  in the axial direction A-A. 
     In accordance with an embodiment, said end bridges  4  and  5  have a foil-shaped bridge body that lies substantially parallel to a plane P. 
     In accordance with an embodiment, the end bridges  4  and  5  lie substantially parallel to the same plane P and advantageously are aligned with one another. 
     In accordance with an embodiment, said mounting-side elongated portion  2  and said non mounting-side elongated portion  3  extend in the tangential direction T-T substantially in an arc of circle housing or forming the cylinders  15 . In accordance with an embodiment, said cylinders project from said mounting-side elongated portion  2  and said non mounting-side elongated portion  3  in the radial outward direction RO and in the opposite radial direction. 
     In accordance with an embodiment, said non mounting-side elongated portion  3  externally or axially externally has a groove  201  extending tangentially. 
     In accordance with an embodiment, said mounting-side elongated portion  2  has at least one, preferably two, connection brackets  203  for the connection of the caliper to a stub axle. In accordance with an embodiment, said connection brackets  203  extend in a substantially radial direction and, for example but not necessarily, at the end form seats  204  for the connection of the caliper to the stub axle, for example but not necessarily, seats extending in a substantially axial direction. 
     In accordance with an embodiment, two central bridges  101  and  102  are connected together by a central tangential bridge  110  directed tangentially T-T and together with said central bridges  101 ,  102  defining two through-windows  115 ,  116  that in the radial direction R-R have an edge curved in a bulb. 
     In accordance with an embodiment, between two central bridges  101 ,  102  and the two intermediate bridges  6 ,  7  there is a tangential bridge directed tangentially T-T that together with said central and intermediate bridges  101 ,  102 ;  6 ,  7  defines two through-windows  113 ,  114 ;  117 ,  118  that in the radial direction R-R have a U-shaped edge with a flat base towards the elongated body  2 ,  3 . 
     In accordance with an embodiment, between the two intermediate bridges and the two end bridges there is a tangential bridge directed tangentially T-T that together with said intermediate and end bridges  6 ,  7 ;  4 ,  5  defines two through-windows  111 ,  112 ;  119 ,  120  that in the radial direction R-R have a triangular edge with the side facing the edge of the intermediate bridge curved towards the end bridges. 
     In accordance with an embodiment, said intermediate bridges  6 ,  7  house or form mounting portions  12  of the caliper body to the stub axle. 
     In accordance with an embodiment, said central bridges  101  and  102  have a portion that projects to the non mounting-side elongated portion  3  with a radially outer surface in which a lightening groove  121 ,  122  is formed. In accordance with an embodiment, said mounting-side and non mounting-side elongated portions  2 ,  3  each house or form three cylinders  15  and are connected together by six bridges  4 ,  5 ,  6 ,  7 ,  101 ,  102  and each pair of adjacent bridges is connected by tangential bridges  106 ,  107 ,  108 ,  109 ,  110 , defining ten through-windows in the radial direction to the caliper body. 
     In accordance with an embodiment, said mounting-side and non mounting-side elongated portions  2 ,  3  each house or form three cylinders  15  and are connected together by six bridges  4 ,  5 ,  6 ,  7 ,  101 ,  102  and each pair of adjacent bridges is connected by tangential bridges  106 ,  107 ,  108 ,  109 ,  110 , defining ten through-windows in the axial direction to the caliper body. 
     In accordance with an embodiment, said caliper body  1  is a monoblock or a body in a single piece. 
     In accordance with an embodiment, said caliper body is formed from two half-bodies  205  and  206 . 
     In accordance with an embodiment, said caliper in two half-bodies  205  and  206  has a connection plane  207  that for example but not necessarily, coincides with the middle of the caliper or preferably, but not necessarily, with an end of an elongated element. 
     In accordance with an embodiment, said two half-bodies have seats  208  that can be aligned with each other, for example for the connection of the two half-bodies with screws  209 , for example stud bolts received in threaded seats of one of the two half-bodies. 
     In accordance with an embodiment, said seats  209  are obtained at the bridges  6 ,  7 ,  101 ,  102 . 
     In accordance with an embodiment, one of the elongated portions, for example the mounting-side elongated portion  2 , has a portion  210  suitable for the connection of a braking system to the brake fluid distribution ducts foreseen inside the caliper body. In accordance with an embodiment, said connection portion of the system  210  has an input  211  oriented axially or alternatively substantially in the tangential direction. 
     Thanks to the fact that some or all of the radial surfaces of the mounting-side elongated portions  2 , and/or of the non mounting-side elongated portion  3  are shaped so as to follow the profile of the cylinders housed in them, it is possible to drastically reduce the thickness of said elongated portions  2 ,  3  and thus reduce the weight of the body of the caliper  1 . 
     Thanks to the provision of inverted U-shaped bridges it is possible to drastically reduce the weight of the caliper and, at the same time, to drastically limit the deformation of the body of the caliper during the braking actions in both directions of travel of the vehicle. 
     Thanks to the provision of a caliper body as described above, it is possible to obtain a structure that is particularly resistant to the high stresses generated by sudden braking, for example like in racing vehicles. 
     At the same time, thanks to the characteristics of the caliper body described above, the caliper biased with the maximum braking will have an extremely small deformation that avoids undesired strokes of the brake pedal lever, giving the user the sensation of extremely good responsivity of the braking system. 
     At the same time, thanks to the caliper body as described above, the overall weight of the caliper is low. 
     For example, from a test carried out using a caliper made according to the state of the art and having the same number of cylinders as the solution described here, it was found that by measuring the rigidity of the caliper body evaluated based on the amount of fluid that the caliper absorbs at the maximum pressure of use on the vehicle, the caliper displays an increased rigidity of 2-4% and even of 8-9% with respect to a caliper not equipped with intermediate bridges and at least one central bridge, together with a weight reduction of about 5-8%. 
     Moreover, thanks to the caliper body as described above it is possible to substantially reduce the overall bulk without changing the characteristics of rigidity or the weight. 
     The man skilled in the art can bring modifications, adaptations and replacements of elements with other functionally equivalent ones to the embodiments of the device described above, in order to satisfy contingent requirements, without for this reason departing from the scope of the following claims. Each of the characteristics described as belonging to a possible embodiment can be made independently from the other embodiments described.