Abstract:
Disclosed are ophthalmic pharmaceutical compositions comprising S(+)-flurbiprofen substantially free of R(+)-flurbiprofen and methods of topical administration to the eye when indicated for treatment of inflammation.

Description:
This is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 208,449 filed on Jun. 20, 1988 now abandoned. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention relates to the use of S(+)-flurbiprofen, substantially free of its enantiomorph, R(-)-flurbiprofen, as a topical ophthalmic antiinflammatory agent; and to pharmaceutical compositions comprising S(+)-flurbiprofen substantially free of R(-)-flurbiprofen. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 4,559,343, issued Dec. 12, 1985, discloses pharmaceutical compositions and methods of treatment employing various known, nonsteroidal analgesic/antiinflammatory agents, including racemic flurbiprofen. To the extent that this patent teaches the ophthalmic pharmacology of racemic flurbiprofen, it is incorporated herein by reference since such disclosure can be applied with efficiency in teaching the pharmaceutical compositions and methods of treatment employing S(+)-flurbiprofen of the present invention. However, as is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,559,343, flurbiprofen per se at appropriate dosage concentrations for ophthalmic delivery is generally perceived as stinging. Thus, it was the purpose of the disclosure in U.S. Pat. No. 4,559,343 to define formulations which tend to decrease the stinging sensation associated with the application of racemic flurbiprofen to the eye. The pharmaceutical compositions and methods of treatment of U.S. Pat. No. 4,559,343 employ a complex of flurbiprofen and a xanthine derivative, such as, caffeine to achieve the stated objective. The consensus of the clinical experience involving the disclosed xanthine-flurbiprofen compositions of U.S. Pat. No. 4,559,343, however, is that the alleged comfort formulation is only moderately improved. And this is particularly true in situations wherein the exquisitely sensitive cornea is rendered even more sensitive through compromised health or trauma. 
     With respect to the present invention, it is believed that substantially all of the ophthalmic antiinflammatory activity of racemic flurbiprofen resides in its S(+) enantiomorph. Further, ophthalmic formulations comprising S(+)-flurbiprofen substantially free of R(-)-flurbiprofen and at a concentration level of approximately one-half of the prior recommendations for the racemic mixture are believed to be equivalent in efficacy to prior art formulations containing the racemic mixture at twice that concentration; and it is further believed that such formulations may be employed at this one-half strength level without the acute stinging sensation which attends the use of full strength formulations of racemic flurbiprofen. 
     The expression, relative to the purity of S(+)-flurbiprofen, that it be &#34;substantially free of R(-)-flurbiprofen&#34; means that the R(-)-flurbiprofen enantiomorph is present in such mixtures at a concentration level of from 0 to 5%. Preparations of such substantially pure forms of S(+)-flurbiprofen can be achieved by known stereo-selective synthesis, or S(+)-flurbiprofen can be isolated from the racemic mixture by known conventional methods, such as, forming diastereoisomeric salts with optically active organic amines. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     Consistent with the teachings of the incorporated by reference U.S. Pat. No. 4,559,343, the ophthalmic antiinflammatory active disclosed as S(+)-flurbiprofen can be used with the xanthine derivatives. A representative formulation exemplifying the xanthine of choice, caffeine, is given below. In the alternative, pharmaceutical compositions comprising S(+)-flurbiprofen in aqueous solution, optionally containing a preservative for multidose use and other conventionally employed ophthalmic adjuvants, including a salt entity to adjust the tonicity of solutions, can be employed. The most preferred form of delivery is by eye drops; however, formulations wherein the final dosage form is a gel or ointment can also be employed and formulated according to conventional technology. 
     The S(+)-flurbiprofen component may be incorporated in the ophthalmic compositions of the present invention in accordance with known practices in order to provide an effective rate of delivery of the therapeutic agent to the eye when applied topically. The ophthalmic compositions will preferably contain between about 0.01 percent and about 1.5 percent by weight/volume of S(+)-flurbiprofen. 
     The compositions may contain preservatives such as thimerosal, chlorobutanol, benzalkonium chloride, Onamer M, or chlorhexidine; buffering agents, such as phosphates, borates, carbonates and citrates; and thicknening agents, such as, high molecular weight carboxy vinyl polymers, including those sold under the name of CARBOPOL which are available from the B.F. Goodrich Chemical Company, hydroxymethylcellulose, or polyvinyl alcohol. 
     The compositions are prepared by dissolving the various ingredients in the required amount of water with stirring to ensure that all the ingredients are dissolved. The aqueous compositions of the invention may be solutions, suspensions, or gels. After preparation of the solution, suspension, or gel the compositions are then packaged in dispensers suitable for delivery of the ophthalmic composition. 
     The following examples of ophthalmic compositions typify the manner in which the invention may be practiced. The examples should be construed as illustrative, and not as a limitation upon the overall scope of the invention. The percentages are expressed on a relative mass basis. 
     
         ______________________________________EXAMPLE IIngredient           Amount______________________________________S(+)-flurbiprofen    0.3%PLURONIC F127*       0.5%Benzalkonium Chloride                0.01% + 10% excessDisodium Edetate     0.1%Dried Sodium Phosphate                0.1%Sodium Biphosphate   0.03%Sodium Chloride      0.6%pH adjustment with NaOH or HCl                q.s. pH 7.4Purified Water       q.s. 100%______________________________________ *a high molecular weight nonionic surfactant sold under the registered trademark of the Wyandotte Chemical Corporation. 
    
     
         ______________________________________EXAMPLE IIIngredient           Amount______________________________________S(+)-flurbiprofen    0.3%Caffeine             1.0%PLURONIC F127        0.5%Benzalkonium Chloride                0.01% + 10% excessDisodium Edetate     0.1%Dried Sodium Phosphate                0.1%Sodium Biphosphate   0.03%Sodium Chloride      0.6%pH adjustment with NaOH or HCl                q.s. pH 7.4Purified Water       q.s. 100%______________________________________