Abstract:
A beverage preparation machine of the type which uses pre-packaged containers of beverage ingredients includes a cartridge recognition device for determining the type of beverage to be prepared from a cartridge inserted into the machine and a variable geometry valve located downstream of a cartridge when inserted in the machine. The valve enables preparation of beverages at a range of pressures by having at least an open position and at least one restricted flow position, and a controller for selecting an initial valve position and controlling the subsequent operation of the valve according to the determination of the type of beverage to be prepared by the cartridge recognition device.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/130,473, filed Mar. 25, 2014, which is a U.S. national phase application of International Application No. PCT/GB2012/051776, filed Jul. 24, 2012, which claims the benefit of United Kingdom Application No. GB 1113118.2, filed Jul. 29, 2011, which are all hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. 
     
    
     FIELD 
       [0002]    The present disclosure relates to a method and a system for making a beverage, and a beverage cartridge. In particular, it relates to methods, systems and cartridges for making coffee-based beverages. 
       BACKGROUND 
       [0003]    It is well known to make coffee-based beverages by extraction of roasted ground coffee with an aqueous medium such as water. Typically, the water temperature required to produce a consumer-acceptable beverage is greater than 85° C. Beverage preparation machines have been produced that make coffee-based beverages from beverage cartridges (also known as pods or capsules) containing roasted ground coffee. Typically such beverage cartridges which are designed to produce a single serving of beverage contain up to 7 g of roasted ground coffee having a dry Helos particle size distribution of 320 to 480 microns. Such beverage preparation machines typically heat water to a temperature greater than 85° C. and pump the water through an extraction chamber in the beverage cartridge. 
         [0004]    It is also known to produce coffee-based beverages  25  using unheated water at ambient room temperature (typically 20 to 25° C.) via a process called “cold-press.” This requires steeping roasted ground coffee for an extended period of time of at least 3 hours, and preferably 6 to 8 hours, in unheated water. The time required to produce a beverage in this manner makes the process unsuitable for on-demand beverage delivery. 
       BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE 
       [0005]    According to the present disclosure there is provided a method of delivering a beverage comprising the steps of: 
         [0006]    at least partially filling an extraction chamber with roasted ground coffee; 
         [0007]    passing an aqueous medium through the extraction chamber to form the beverage; and discharging the beverage from the extraction chamber; 
         [0008]    wherein the roasted ground coffee has a dry Helos particle size distribution D50 of less than or equal to 200 microns; 
         [0009]    wherein the aqueous medium has a temperature of 1° C. to 40° C.; and wherein the flow rate of the aqueous medium through the extraction chamber is 0.5 to 5 mls −1 . 
         [0010]    It has been surprisingly found that using very finely ground roasted ground coffee having a dry Helos particle size distribution D50 of less than or equal to 200 microns allows a consumer-acceptable beverage to be produced using an aqueous medium at a temperature of 1° C. to 40° C. and with a flow rate through the extraction chamber of 0.5 to 5 mls −1 . The beverage produced has been found to possess a flavor profile that is intense, aromatic, balanced, rounded and with low acidity and low bitterness. 
         [0011]    The surprisingly fast flow rates enabled by the method allow the production of unheated coffee-based beverages (or coffee beverages at a relatively “low” temperature of up to 40° C.) on demand without the need for steeping roasted ground coffee for a number of hours. For example, a typical volume of an espresso coffee is around 40 ml. The present method and system enable such a quantity of beverage to be produced using an aqueous medium at a temperature of 1° C. to 40° C. in a time of only 8 to 80 seconds. 
         [0012]    In this specification unless otherwise required by the 5 context, the following terms have the following meanings: 
         [0013]    “Roasted coffee” means a coffee substance that has been produced by the roasting of green coffee beans. The substance may be in the form of a roasted coffee bean or in some other form produced by onward processing steps such as grinding, decaffeination, pressing, etc. Particular examples of roasted coffee include roasted coffee beans, roasted expeller cake, roasted and flaked coffee. 
         [0014]    “Roasted ground coffee” means a roasted coffee substance that has been subject to a comminution process in order to reduce the particle size of the original roasted coffee substance. Again, unless otherwise required by the context the comminution process may include one or more of grinding, chopping, pounding and crushing. 
         [0015]    “Helos particle size distribution D50”, means the 50 th  percentile figure by volume of the particle size distribution, as obtained from a Helos™ laser light diffraction particle size analyzer available from Sympatec, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany. That is, the D50 is a value on the distribution such that 50% by volume of the particles have a characteristic size of this value or less. The dry Helos particle size distribution is measured using a HELOS Hi197, R6 Lens, RODOS/M Dispersing System and VIBRI Feeder manufactured by Sympatec GmbH. 
         [0016]    The HELOS is setup with an R6 lens and the following trigger parameters: 
         [0017]    Start: Optical concentration&gt;=1% (start the data acquisition once this condition occurs) 
         [0018]    Valid: Always 
         [0019]    Stop: 2 s at optical concentration&lt;=1% or after 99 s 
         [0020]    (stop data acquisition if either of those conditions occur) 
         [0021]    Time base: 100 ms 
         [0022]    The dispersion method using the RODOS (pressurised air stream) and VIBRI (vibrating vessel with controlled outlet geometry) is: 
         [0023]    Pressure: 3.00 bar 
         [0024]    Depression: 93.00 mbar 
         [0025]    Revolution: 0% 
         [0026]    Feeder: VIBRI 
         [0027]    Feed rate: 100% 
         [0028]    Gap Height: 4.0 mm 
         [0029]    “Brew weight” means the weight of the brewed beverage received in the receptacle after dispensation has completed. 
         [0030]    “Fill weight” means the dry weight of roasted ground coffee within the extraction chamber. 
         [0031]    “Free-flow density” means the density of the roasted ground coffee measured by pouring the roasted ground coffee under gravity into a container of known volume to fill the known volume without tamping, compaction, vibration or the like and calculating the density by dividing the mass of the roasted ground coffee contained by the volume of the container. 
         [0032]    “Free-flow volume” means the volume occupied by the roasted ground coffee when under free-flow conditions and is calculated by multiplying the free-flow density of the roasted ground coffee by the mass of the roasted ground coffee. 
         [0033]    “Fill ratio” means the ratio of the free-flow volume of the roasted ground coffee within the extraction chamber to the volume of the extraction chamber. 
         [0034]    “Soluble solids” means the percentage soluble solids as measured by a Kyoto Density/Specific Gravity Meter DA-520 manufactured by Kyoto Electronics Manufacturing Co. Ltd., of Kyoto, Japan, using the following set-up parameters: 
         [0035]    Calculation Parameters: 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Result: 
                 Conc. 
               
               
                   
                 Cone. Units: 
                 % 
               
               
                   
                 Conc. 
                 A + Bx + Cxx 
               
               
                   
                 Formula: 
               
               
                   
                 ParameterSet: 
                 Coe+. 
               
               
                   
                 Data Replace: 
                 x &lt;--d 
               
               
                   
                 Parameters: 
                 A: 2.966410E+2 
               
               
                   
                   
                 B: −8.424274E+2 
               
               
                   
                   
                 C: 5.461975E+2 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0036]    Measurement Parameters: 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Temperature: 
                 20° C. 
               
               
                   
                 Stability: 
                 1 
               
               
                   
                 Limit Time: 
                 600 s  
               
               
                   
                 Sequence: 
                 On 
               
               
                   
                 Sampling Seq.: 
                 Set 
               
               
                   
                 Sampling Time: 
                 10 s 
               
               
                   
                 Drain Seq.: 
                 Set 
               
               
                   
                 Drain Time: 
                 10 s 
               
               
                   
                 Rinse-1 Seq.: 
                 Set 
               
               
                   
                 Rinse-1 Time: 
                 30 s 
               
               
                   
                 Rinse-2 Seq.: 
                 Set 
               
               
                   
                 Rinse-2 Time: 
                 15 s 
               
               
                   
                 Purge Seq.: 
                 Set 
               
               
                   
                 Purge Time: 
                 120 s  
               
               
                   
                 Cell Test: 
                 off 
               
               
                   
                 Calib.: 
                 Air&amp;Water 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0037]    “Grinder setting” means the grinder setting (e.g. 0, 2, 4, 6, 8) on a Dalla Corte® coffee grinder model K30 available from Dalla Corte of Baranzate, Italy. 
         [0038]    The aqueous medium used in the method may be water. 
         [0039]    The roasted ground coffee preferably has a dry Helos particle size distribution D50 of less than or equal to 150 microns, more preferably less than or equal to 100 microns. The dry Helos particle size distribution D50 in one example may be approximately 60 microns. 
         [0040]    The aqueous medium may have a temperature of 1° C. to 25° C. In one example the temperature may be 15° C. to 25° C. In another example the temperature may be 20° C. to 25° C. Advantageously the aqueous medium for the method does not require any heating prior to extraction. In other words the aqueous medium may be used at its ambient temperature. This reduces significantly the energy requirement for producing the beverage. The aqueous medium may be actively chilled prior to extraction if desired. 
         [0041]    The flow rate of the aqueous medium through the extraction chamber may be 1 to 3 mls −1 . In one example the flow rate may be approximately 2 mls −1 . In another example the flow rate may be approximately 1 mls− 1 . 
         [0042]    The quantity of roasted ground coffee in the extraction chamber may be 9 g or greater. In one example the quantity of roasted ground coffee in the extraction chamber may be 9 g to 13 g. In another example the quantity of roasted ground coffee in the extraction chamber may be 10 g to 13 g. These quantities are intended for producing a single serving of the beverage. The method may also be used with larger quantities of roasted ground coffee where multiple servings (e.g. a carafe) are to be discharged. 
         [0043]    The fill ratio of the extraction chamber may be greater than 80%. In one example the fill ratio may be greater than 100%. In another example the fill ratio may be 80% to 150%. Fill ratios in excess of 100% are enabled by compaction of the roasted ground coffee during filling. 
         [0044]    Preferably the soluble solids in the beverage is greater than 4%. 
         [0045]    The pressure in the extraction chamber during extraction may be 4 to 20 bar (0.4 to 2 MPa). 
         [0046]    The beverage may be coffee. Alternatively, the beverage may be coffee-based and contain one or more additional components. The beverage may be foamed during discharge and/or have a crema formed thereon by passing the beverage through an eductor as taught in EP1440639. 
         [0047]    The present disclosure also provides a system for making a beverage comprising a beverage preparation machine and a beverage cartridge; 
         [0048]    wherein the beverage cartridge comprises an extraction chamber containing roasted ground coffee having a dry Helos particle size distribution D50 of less than or equal to 200 microns; and
       wherein the beverage preparation machine comprises a source of an aqueous medium, a pump and a controller, the controller being programmed to pump the aqueous medium through the extraction chamber of the beverage cartridge at a flow rate of 0.5 to 5 mls −1  and at a temperature of 1° C. to 40° C. to form the beverage.       
 
         [0050]    The roasted ground coffee in the beverage cartridge may have a dry Helos particle size distribution D50 of less than or equal to 150 microns, preferably less than or equal to 100 microns. The dry Helos particle size distribution D50 in one example may be approximately 60 microns. 
         [0051]    The aqueous medium may be pumped at a temperature of 1° C. to 25° C. In one example the temperature may be 15° C. to 25° C. In another example, the temperature may be 20° C. to 25° C. 
         [0052]    The aqueous medium may be pumped at a flow rate of 1 to 3 mls −1 . In one example it may be pumped at approximately 2 mls −1 . 
         [0053]    The quantity of roasted ground coffee in the extraction chamber of the beverage cartridge may be 9 g or greater. In one example the quantity of roasted ground coffee in the extraction chamber is 9 g to 13 g. In another example the amount is 10 g to 13 g. 
         [0054]    The fill ratio of the extraction chamber may be greater than 80%. In one example the fill ratio may be greater than 100%. In another example the fill ratio may be 80% to 150%. 
         [0055]    The beverage preparation machine may comprises a valve for setting an extraction pressure experienced during extraction in the extraction chamber of the beverage cartridge and wherein the controller is programmed to operate the valve to set the extraction pressure at 4 to 20 bar (0.4 to 2 MPa). 
         [0056]    The valve may be located downstream of the beverage cartridge. 
         [0057]    The present disclosure further provides a beverage cartridge for use in a system as described above comprising an extraction chamber containing 9 g or greater of roasted ground coffee having a dry Helos particle size distribution D50 of less than or equal to 200 microns. 
         [0058]    The beverage cartridge may further comprise a code readable by the beverage preparation machine, wherein the code may instruct the controller of the beverage preparation machine to pump an aqueous medium through the extraction chamber of the beverage cartridge at a flow rate of 0.5 to 5 mls −1  and at a temperature of 1° C. to 40° C. to form a beverage. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0059]    Examples of the present disclosure will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: 
           [0060]      FIG. 1  is a schematic illustration of a beverage preparation machine and beverage cartridge according to the present disclosure; 
           [0061]      FIG. 2  is a graph showing a particle size distribution for a first grind of roasted ground coffee; 
           [0062]      FIG. 3  is a graph showing a particle size distribution for a second grind of roasted ground coffee; 
           [0063]      FIG. 4  is a graph of percentage soluble solids versus fill weight; 
           [0064]      FIG. 5  is a graph of percentage soluble solids versus grind setting; 
           [0065]      FIGS. 6 to 8  are aromatic compound profiles; and 
           [0066]      FIG. 9  is a carbohydrate profile. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0067]      FIG. 1  illustrates an example of a system according to the present disclosure. The system  1  comprises a beverage preparation machine  2  and a beverage cartridge  3  which contains roasted ground coffee. 
         [0068]    The beverage preparation machine  2  comprises a reservoir  10 , a pump  11  and a brew head  12 . 
         [0069]    The reservoir  10  contains, in use, an aqueous medium such as water. The reservoir  10  may be manually fillable or plumbed in to a mains supply of water for automatic refilling. The reservoir  10  is connected to the pump  11  by a suitable conduit such as a pipe  13 . 
         [0070]    The pump  11 , in use, pumps water from the reservoir  10  to the brew head  12  via a suitable conduit such as a pipe  14 . 
         [0071]    The beverage cartridge  3  contains the roasted ground coffee within a closed chamber which forms an extraction chamber of the system. The beverage cartridge  3  is closed prior to use to maintain the freshness of the roasted ground coffee and is preferably pierced by the beverage preparation machine during use. An example of a suitable beverage cartridge is described in EP1440903. However other types of beverage cartridge may be used. 
         [0072]    The brew head  12  comprises a chamber  15  for receiving the beverage cartridge  3 , an inlet mechanism for piercing an inlet in the beverage cartridge  3  and directing the water from pipe  14  into the beverage cartridge  3 , and an outlet mechanism for piercing an outlet in the beverage cartridge  3  and directing beverage formed from the water and the roasted ground coffee into an outlet conduit which may be in the form of flexible tubing  16 . A variable valve  17  is positioned below the location of the beverage cartridge  3  and operable on the flexible tubing  16  to alter the back pressure experienced during use in the brew head  12 . The variable valve  17  may be a pinch valve where the distance between the pinching elements can be varied to effectively vary the cross-sectional flow area of the flexible tubing  16 . The outlet of the variable valve  17  leads to the outlet  19  of the machine where the beverage is dischargeable into a receptacle  4 , such as a cup, mug or carafe. 
         [0073]    The brew head  12  further comprises a barcode reader  18  which, in use reads a barcode provided on the beverage cartridge  3  to determine certain brew parameters, for example the volume of beverage to be dispensed and the flow rate of the water to be pumped. 
         [0074]    A controller (not shown) controls operation of the pump  11 , variable valve  17  and barcode reader  18 . The beverage preparation machine  2  may comprise other components which have been omitted from  FIG. 1  for clarity. For example, a flow meter may be provided to determine the quantity of water pumped to the brew head  12 . 
         [0075]    It is to be noted that the beverage preparation machine  2  does not require a water heater for operation as the water in the reservoir  10  is preferably at ambient temperature or previously chilled below ambient temperature. 
         [0076]    The basic steps of operation of the method comprise: 
         [0077]    a) filling an extraction chamber with roasted ground coffee; 
         [0078]    b) passing an aqueous medium through the extraction chamber to form the beverage; and 
         [0079]    c) discharging the beverage from the extraction chamber. 
         [0080]    The roasted ground coffee in the beverage cartridge has a dry Helos particle size distribution D50 of less than or equal to 200 microns. The roasted ground coffee may be produced by grinding roasted coffee beans using a coffee grinder. The particle size distribution for one sample at grinder setting 0 is shown in  FIG. 2 . The x-axis of  FIG. 2  shows the particle size in microns. The left-hand y-axis shows the cumulative distribution Q 3  as a percentage. The right-hand y-axis shows the density distribution q31g. The dry Helos particle size distribution D50 for  FIG. 2  is 60.88 microns. 
         [0081]    The particle size distribution for one sample at grinder setting 8 is shown in  FIG. 3 . The x- and y-axes are as above. The dry Helos particle size distribution D50 for  FIG. 3  is 335.99 microns. 
         [0082]    Three samples at each of grinder settings 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 were measured by the Helos equipment with the results shown in Table 1: 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 1 
               
             
             
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Grinder setting 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 0 
                 2 
                 4 
                 6 
                 8 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 D 50  (sample 1) 
                 60.96 
                 109.34 
                 189.41 
                 265.57 
                 335.99 
               
               
                 μm 
               
               
                 D 50  (sample 2) 
                 60.88 
                 109.74 
                 188.39 
                 265.52 
                 336.94 
               
               
                 μm 
               
               
                 D 50  (sample 3) 
                 61.38 
                 111.44 
                 191.13 
                 264.11 
                 335.3 
               
               
                 μm 
               
               
                 D 50  (AVERAGE) 
                 61.07 
                 110.17 
                 189.64 
                 265.07 
                 336.08 
               
               
                 μm 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0083]    Where pre-packaged beverage cartridges are used, the filling of the extraction chamber is carried out during manufacture of the beverage cartridge  3 . 
         [0084]    The use of very finely ground roasted ground coffee allows a greater weight of roasted ground coffee to be filled into a specific volume with or without compression of the roasted ground coffee. For example, a beverage cartridge  10  of the type shown in  FIG. 18  of EP1440903 and commercially available under the trade name Tassimo® Kenco® Medium Roast T-disc®, from Kraft Foods UK Ltd., typically has an extraction chamber volume of 28 cm 3  and a fill weight of approximately 7 g of roasted ground coffee with a dry Helos particle size distribution D50 of around 320 to 480 microns. The fine grinds of the present disclosure allow the T-disc® extraction chamber to contain a fill weight of 9 to 13 g. 
         [0085]    For example, for roasted coffee ground at grinder setting 0 the free-flow density of the roasted ground coffee was at least 0.37 gcm −3  (at this grinder setting measurement of the free-flow density may not avoid inclusion of some air pockets within the measuring container resulting in the density result being a lower limit on the actual density) As shown in Table 2 below, when filled into a T-disc® 25 extraction chamber of volume 28 cm 3  the following fill ratios were obtained: 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 2 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Fill 
                 Compaction 
                 Headspace 
                 Filling 
               
               
                   
                 Weight (g) 
                 (%) 
                 (cm 3 ) 
                 Ratio (%) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 13 
                 25.0 
                 0.0 
                 125 
               
               
                   
                 12 
                 15.4 
                 0.0 
                 115 
               
               
                   
                 11 
                 5.8 
                 0.0 
                 106 
               
               
                   
                 10.4 
                 0.0 
                 0.0 
                 100 
               
               
                   
                 10 
                 0.0 
                 1.1 
                 96 
               
               
                   
                 9 
                 0.0 
                 3.8 
                 87 
               
               
                   
                 8 
                 0.0 
                 6.5 
                 77 
               
               
                   
                 7 
                 0.0 
                 9.2 
                 67 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0086]    It is to be noted that the extraction chamber may be substantially fully filled with 0.4 g of roasted ground coffee ground at grinder setting 0 under free-flow conditions without any compaction. Higher fill ratios are achievable by use of compaction, vibration, etc. 
         [0087]    In another example, for roasted coffee ground at grinder setting 8 the free-flow density of the roasted ground coffee was 0.32 gcm −3 . As shown in Table 3 below, when filled into a T-disc® extraction chamber of volume 28 cm 3  the following fill ratios were obtained: 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 3 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Fill 
                 Compaction 
                 Headspace 
                 Filling 
               
               
                   
                 weight (g) 
                 (%) 
                 (cm 3 ) 
                 Ratio (%) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 13 
                 46.6 
                 0.0 
                 147 
               
               
                   
                 12 
                 35.3 
                 0.0 
                 135 
               
               
                   
                 11 
                 24.1 
                 0.0 
                 124 
               
               
                   
                 10 
                 12.8 
                 0.0 
                 113 
               
               
                   
                 9 
                 1.5 
                 0.0 
                 102 
               
               
                   
                 8.9 
                 0.0 
                 0.0 
                 100 
               
               
                   
                 8 
                 0.0 
                 2.7 
                 90 
               
               
                   
                 7 
                 0.0 
                 5.9 
                 79 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0088]    Here, the extraction chamber was filled under free-flow conditions by 8.9 g of roasted ground coffee. Again, higher fill ratios may be obtained using compaction, etc. 
         [0089]    The water in the reservoir  10  may have a temperature of 1° C. to 40° C. At temperatures below 1° C. the water will freeze and not be usable. As shown below, it has been found that temperatures of no more than 40° C. provide beneficial results. The water may be at ambient temperature—that is at the temperature of the beverage preparation machines local environment. For a typical setting of the machine in a domestic house or a retail shop ambient temperature may typically be 20 to 25° C. 
         [0090]    The water is pumped through the extraction chamber of the beverage cartridge  3  at a flow rate of 0.5 to 5 mls −1 . 
         [0091]    Table 4 illustrates the effect of changing the fill weight of the extraction chamber. For all samples in Table 4 the roasted coffee beans were ground at grinder setting 0 and filled into a Tassimo® Kenco® Espresso Tdisc® with an extraction chamber volume of 28 cm 3 ; the flow rate was 1 mls −1  and the variable valve  17  was set to achieve a back pressure within the extraction chamber of 6 bar. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 4 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Brew 
                   
                   
               
               
                 Fill 
                 Temp. 
                 weight 
                   
                 Soluble 
               
               
                 weight (g) 
                 (° C.) 
                 (g) 
                 Comments 
                 solids (%) 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 13 
                 21 
                 42.0 
                 Good 
                 6.03 
               
               
                 13 
                 21 
                 43.8 
                 Good 
                 5.72 
               
               
                 12 
                 21 
                 42.0 
                 Good 
                 5.34 
               
               
                 12 
                 22 
                 43.8 
                 Good 
                 3.89 
               
               
                 11 
                 22 
                 43.0 
                 Good 
                 4.33 
               
               
                 11 
                 22 
                 42.1 
                 Good 
                 4.88 
               
               
                 10 
                 22 
                 43.0 
                 Good 
                 4.28 
               
               
                 10 
                 22 
                 42.4 
                 Good 
                 4.36 
               
               
                 9 
                 22 
                 40.9 
                 Acceptable 
                 4.48 
               
               
                 9 
                 22 
                 41.0 
                 Acceptable 
                 4.36 
               
               
                 8 
                 22 
                 40.2 
                 Not Acceptable 
                 3.80 
               
               
                 8 
                 22 
                 41.3 
                 Not Acceptable 
                 3.79 
               
               
                 7 
                 22 
                 39.7 
                 Not Acceptable 
                 3.35 
               
               
                 7 
                 22 
                 40.6 
                 Not Acceptable 
                 2.78 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0092]    Samples which were rated “Good” had good visual extraction that was attractive to samplers and a good or great taste and flavour according to samplers. Samples which were rated “Acceptable” had an acceptable taste and flavor according to samplers but the visual appearance of the extraction was less good than those samples rated “Good”. Samples rated “Not Acceptable” had a weak and/or bitter taste according to samplers. 
         [0093]      FIG. 4  plots the averaged percentage soluble solids at each sampled fill weight. 
         [0094]    As can be seen, “Good” and “Acceptable” beverages were obtained according to the present method wherein the percentage soluble solids were greater than 4%, this being achieved where the fill weight was 9 g or greater. 
         [0095]    Table 5 illustrates the effect of varying the grind size of the roasted ground coffee. For all samples in Table 5 the fill weight of the extraction chamber in the Tassimo® Kenco® Espresso Tdisc® with an extraction chamber volume of 28 cm 3  was 12 g; the flow rate was 1 mls −1 , the water temperature was 21° C. and the variable valve  17  was set to achieve a back pressure within the extraction chamber of 6 bar. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 5 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Brew 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Grind 
                 weight 
               
               
                   
                 setting 
                 (g) 
                 Comments 
                 Soluble solids (%) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 0 
                 44 
                 Good 
                 5.24 
               
               
                   
                 0 
                 45 
                 Good 
                 5.30 
               
               
                   
                 2 
                 44 
                 Good 
                 4.16 
               
               
                   
                 2 
                 44 
                 Good 
                 5.39 
               
               
                   
                 4 
                 44 
                 Acceptable 
                 4.83 
               
               
                   
                 4 
                 45 
                 Acceptable 
                 4.82 
               
               
                   
                 6 
                 45 
                 Not Acceptable 
                 3.91 
               
               
                   
                 6 
                 45 
                 Not Acceptable 
                 4.12 
               
               
                   
                 8 
                 46 
                 Not Acceptable 
                 3.22 
               
               
                   
                 8 
                 45 
                 Not Acceptable 
                 3.56 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0096]    Samples which were rated “Good” had a good or great taste according to samplers. Samples which were rated “Acceptable” had an acceptable taste according to samplers. Samples rated “Not Acceptable” had a weak taste according to samplers. 
         [0097]      FIG. 5  plots the averaged percentage solids at each grinder setting. 
         [0098]    As can be seen, “Good” and “Acceptable” beverages were obtained according to the present method wherein the percentage soluble solids were greater than 4%, this being achieved where the grinder setting was 4 or lower (which equates from Table 1 to a dry Helos particle size distribution D50 of around 180 to 200 microns or lower) 
         [0099]    Table 6 illustrates the effect of varying the water temperature. For all samples in Table 6 the grinder setting was 0, the fill weight in the extraction chamber of the Tassimo® Kenco® Espresso T-disc® with an extraction chamber volume of 28 cm3 was 13 g, the flow rate 1 mls −1  and the variable valve  17  was set to achieve a back pressure within the extraction chamber of 6 bar. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 6 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Temp. 
                 Brew weight 
                   
               
               
                   
                 (° C.) 
                 (g) 
                 Comments 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 21 
                 43 
                 Good 
               
               
                   
                 40 
                 40 
                 Good 
               
               
                   
                 60 
                 40 
                 Not acceptable 10 
               
               
                   
                 80 
                 na 
                 Not acceptable 
               
               
                   
                 90 
                 na 
                 n/a due to rupture of T-disc ® 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0100]    Samples which were rated “Good” had a strong visual extraction and an intense taste according to samplers. Samples rated “Not Acceptable” had a taste that was too strong and bitter according to samplers. The sample at 90° C. failed due to overpressure developed in the extraction chamber. 
         [0101]    As can be seen, good beverages were obtained with a water temperature up to 40° C. However, operation of the method without heating of the water prior to use is preferred as it leads to lower energy requirements for each beverage. In addition, a simpler beverage reparation machine may be utilised that does not contain a heater. 
         [0102]    It has also been surprisingly found that the beverages obtained according to the methods of the present disclosure have an enhanced aroma profile (as measured by the quantities of aromatic compounds that are desirable in coffee beverages) compared to coffee beverages prepared by extraction with hot water.  FIG. 6  compares the relative quantity of various aromatic compounds produced by two samples as might be consumed. The first, comparative, sample was brewed in a Tassimo® Kenco® Espresso Tdisc® with an extraction chamber volume of 28 cm 3 , with a fill weight of the extraction chamber of 7 g of roasted ground coffee having a D50 of 450 microns; the flow rate was 2 mls −1 , the water temperature was 90° C. and the variable valve  17  was set to achieve a back pressure within the extraction chamber of 6 bar. The second sample was brewed in a Tassimo® Kenco® Espresso Tdisc® with an extraction chamber volume of 28 cm 3 , with a fill weight of the extraction chamber of 13 g of roasted ground coffee having a D50 of 30 microns; the flow rate was 1 mls −1 , the water temperature was 22° C. and the variable valve  17  was set to achieve a back pressure within the extraction chamber of 6 bar. As can be seen from  FIG. 6  enhanced quantities of nearly all of the listed compounds were achieved with the second sample. 
         [0103]      FIG. 7  plots the same data as  FIG. 6  but with the quantity of the compounds normalised per gram weight of the fill weight to take into account the higher fill weight of the second sample. As can be seen, even on a per gram basis the second sample produced higher quantities of nearly all the listed compounds. 
         [0104]      FIG. 8  compares the impact on the relative quantity of the aromatic compounds produced by varying the fill weight. The first sample was brewed in a Tassimo® Kenco® Espresso Tdisc® with an extraction chamber volume of 28 cm 3 , with a fill weight of the extraction chamber of 7 g of roasted ground coffee having a D50 of 30 microns; the flow 30 rate was 2 mls −1 , the water temperature was 22° C. and the variable valve  17  was set to achieve a back pressure within the extraction chamber of 6 bar. The second sample was identical except that the fill weight was 13 g. As can be seen from  FIG. 8  enhanced quantities of nearly all of the listed compounds were achieved with the second sample on an absolute and per gram basis. 
         [0105]    It has also been surprisingly found that the beverages obtained according to the methods of the present disclosure contain an unexpectedly high level of carbohydrates.  FIG. 9  compares the quantity per brew of arabinose, galactose, glucose, manose for three brew conditions. The first, comparative, sample was brewed in a Tassimo® Kenco® Espresso Tdisc® with an extraction chamber volume of 28 cm 3 , with a fill weight of the extraction chamber of 7 g of roasted ground coffee having a D50 of 350 microns; the flow rate was 2 mls −1 , the water temperature was 90° C. and the variable valve  17  was set to achieve a back pressure within the extraction chamber of 6 bar. The second sample was brewed in a Tassimo® Kenco® Espresso T-disc® with an extraction chamber volume of 28 cm 3 , with a fill weight of the extraction chamber of 7 g of roasted ground coffee having a D50 of 60 microns; the flow rate was 2 mls −1 , the water temperature was 22° C. and the variable valve  17  was set to achieve a back pressure within the extraction chamber of 6 bar. The third sample was brewed under the same conditions as the second sample except that the fill weight of the extraction chamber was increased to 13 g of roasted ground coffee having a D50 of 60 microns. 
         [0106]    In the past it has been commonly understood that extracting roasted ground coffee at a lower temperature will not fully extract carbohydrate compounds. However, using the 30 present methods the levels of carbohydrates produced even on a per gram basis (as shown by the second sample) are similar to or, for some carbohydrates, even exceed the levels produced by hot extraction. 
         [0107]    While in the above detailed description the system and method has been described using beverage cartridges for containing the roasted ground coffee, the disclosure is not so limited. The roasted ground coffee may, for example, be filled directly into an ingredient receptacle of a beverage preparation machine, such as an espresso group handle. 
         [0108]    Also, while it is not necessary for the beverage preparation machine to include a water heating means the method can be used with a beverage preparation machine that has a heating means. In this case the heater is simply not utilised (where the water is to be used at ambient temperature or chilled) or is used only to heat the water up 15 to 40° C. 
         [0109]    The beverage preparation machine may be provided with a cooling mechanism for cooling the water in the reservoir  10  to a temperature below ambient. 
         [0110]    The beverage dispensed from the system may undergo a crema-production step to form a crema on the surface of the coffee beverage. The crema-generation step may be undertaken within the beverage cartridge by passing the beverage through an eductor as described in EP1440903 or similar constriction or may be undertaken downstream of the beverage cartridge by passing the beverage through a suitable constriction to form a mass of fine air bubbles within the fluid flow. The variable valve  17  may be used to provide the crema generation.