Abstract:
The present invention refers to a process for the preparation of an additive with a metallic hydroxide base, and especially of magnesium hydroxide, to be integrated in coatings with the purpose to give them higher flame retarding properties. The hydroxide has an average particle size that is selected from between 1 nanometer and 10 microns preferable with a wide variety, the magnesium hydroxide is submitted to a treatment of washing and diffusion, mainly so that they efficiently are dispersed in, and do not interfere with, the desired properties of the coating. The nature of the coating function is selected from the materials and the conditions of the treatment, as well as the size of the particle. The objective coating can have a base of water, solvents, oil, and alcohol. Compared with coatings formed with other flame retarding compositions, the additive of the invention presents less loss of weight by means of burning through ASTM D1360 standards.

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD FOR THE INVENTION 
       [0001]    The present invention is related to the procedures for the preparation of additives for use in coatings applied to structural elements or as finishes for materials susceptible to combustion, such as wood and its derivatives, with the purpose being to provide properties that are flame retarding once the material to be protected is covered; specifically, the invention refers to a procedure for the preparation of an additive formulated with a metallic hydroxide and a mix of a dispersant, a compatible agent (an organize solvent), water and resin that allow the easy incorporation of the additive into the coating. 
       PRECEDENTS TO THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    The need for residential buildings to be constructed or for the realization of other activities: work, recreation, etc. incorporating means that help control fires and slow the expansion of the fire is well known. For example, some countries have released regulations on materials for the construction of buildings, as much as for the fabrication of the furniture that is contained within them. 
         [0003]    The majority of the furniture has coatings that have esthetic purposes as well as for the protection the material which it is made from, nonetheless, the majority of these coatings are inflammable, which when added to the natural combustible property of the base material, generates an excellent source for the spreading of the fire. 
         [0004]    Coatings that are flame retarding can be found, they basically are made of phosphates, silicates, borates (intumescent). An expanding flame retarding material such as those mentioned is characterized because with the action of fire, first, it forms a foam layer that transforms into ash that then forms a crust that impedes the penetration of the fire into the base material. 
         [0005]    The metallic hydroxides, on the other hand, are used as flame retarding additives, for example, in polymers, with various different applications: coatings for cables, furniture, roofing tiles “roofing”, etc. The magnesium hydroxide has the advantage over other types of flame retarders because it is environmentally friendly and it does not release toxic fumes when utilized as a smoke suppressant. 
         [0006]    There already exists a large variety of alternatives to control the problem of fire expansion, through the use of metallic hydroxides. Some examples are mentioned below. 
         [0007]    In patent EP 1156092, it describes the fabrication of an adhesive of two components that is created by using magnesium hydroxide, mentioning that said adhesive can be used as a varnish with flame retarding properties. 
         [0008]    In the U.S. Pat. No. 6,448,308, it includes magnesium hydroxide as part of the formulation of a coating that is flame retarding that has a base of red phosphorus. The use of the magnesium hydroxide is specifically used for reducing the production of phosphoric acid during the process of inhibiting the flames. 
         [0009]    In U.S. Pat. No. 4,849,298, it describes the use of aluminum hydroxide in the creation of paints. It is added directly to the paint and also, it is used as a substitute in some of the conventional types of paint (TiO2, for example). The patent describes the effect of the flame retarding properties of coatings prepared with this additive. 
         [0010]    Upon adding the proper amount of previously treated magnesium hydroxide to the traditional coatings for wood, such as varnishes and sealers, or beautifiers, such as paints, water proof coatings, etc. it achieves excellent results as a flame retarder and a smoke suppresser. The coating thus prepared does not change its final appearance (shine, transparency, covering power, mechanical resistance, etc.) 
       OBJECTIVES OF THE INVENTION 
       [0011]    In light of the problems seen in the previous inventions, one objective of the present invention is to provide an additive that is a flame retarder and a smoke suppresser when used in the preparation of coatings designed to cover and protect surfaces that are susceptible to combustion, and whose efficiency would be better than those offered by the present flame retardant coatings. 
         [0012]    Another objective of the present invention is to provide a flame retarding agent that is easily incorporated into the coating before being applied to the surface it is going to protect. 
         [0013]    One more objective of the present invention is that the additive incorporates as the flame resistant ingredient a material that does not generate toxic residues when such is the case that it is exposed to flames. 
         [0014]    Another objective of the present invention is that the flame retarding ingredient be of the family of metallic hydroxides. 
         [0015]    Still another objective of the present invention is that the flame retarding ingredient of the additive of the invention does not form groupings in the interior volume of the coating before its application. 
         [0016]    One more objective of the present invention is the flame retarding ingredient of the invention&#39;s additive be distributed in a uniform (homogeneous) manner in the film of the final coating on the surface to be covered and protected. 
         [0017]    Another objective of the present invention is that the flame retarding additive does not interfere with the fundamental properties of the coating to which it is added, as an example, the transparency of a varnish. 
         [0018]    One more objective of the present invention is the flame retarding ingredient of the additive presents a grain similar to that of the coating in which it is included. 
       A SHORT DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0019]    The additive of the coating to the prepared with the procedural ingredient of the invention has as a source of its flame retarding properties a metallic hydroxide, preferably of magnesium, with individual characteristics according to the size of the particle, that is submitted to a treatment associated with the nature of the coating into which it will be incorporated, in a way that the resulting additive is able to be efficiency integrated into the coating selected. 
         [0020]    Some characteristics of the additive created with the procedural ingredient of the invention are:
       a) An average diameter (D 50 ) of the particle of the metallic hydroxide is selected from a range of from between 1 nanometer to 10 microns, depending on the function of the finish desired of the coating   b) The concentration of said particles of metallic hydroxide in the additive can have up to 99% of the weight.       
 
         [0023]    The invention&#39;s procedure produces a paste or preferably a suspension of particles of metallic hydroxides treated with other compatible agents (organic solvents or water), dispersants and eventually surfactants, in a substance made up of an organic solvent, a dispersant, a resin and in some cases water, that show the following advantages:
       1. To offer better efficiency in the flame retardance of the intumescent additives, that in previous comparative tests of the flame retardance show to obtain better results in the coatings mainly with magnesium hydroxide than those with a base that is composed of phosphates. The results are expressed as a percentage of loss of weight per action of the flame.   2. To be easy to incorporate into the coatings that already exist on the market, without needing to use equipment different from that which is conventionally used for the preparation of coatings, such that the additive has a base that is compatible with the coating into which it will be incorporated.   3. To not alter the final appearance of the coating, which is different from the flame retardants that have a base of phosphorus, in which it is necessary to apply an additional coating that provides the final appearance desired from the finish. With the additive of the invention the characteristics of the shine, the transparency, the ability to cover, the mechanical resistance, etc., of the coating will not be altered.   4. To be environmentally friendly and not harmful to living creatures. In various studies it has been demonstrated that the use of metallic hydroxides in flame retardant coatings have advantages over products such as those that are used as halogenous and phosphoric compounds, and that do not give off toxic gasses, and the release of water in the reaction of the decomposition of the hydroxide helps control the smoke emissions.   5. The surface treatment given to the magnesium hydroxide is selected from a series of surface additives that help make the magnesium hydroxide compatible with the resin of the additive and the coating object, maintaining the characteristics, such as the shine, transparency, covering power, mechanical resistance, etc., of the coating object.       
 
     
    
     
       DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURE 
         [0029]    For a better understanding of the description that follows, the attached FIGURE should be regarded when reading the description. 
           [0030]      FIG. 1  is a diagram of blocks that represent the procedure for the creation of the additive, the purpose of the invention. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0031]    The additive prepared according to the procedure of the present invention is created from a metallic hydroxide with an average particle size selected from the range of 1 nanometer to 10 microns, preferably being monodisperse, and having a wide variety of sizes and with a purity of at least 90%. 
         [0032]    The metallic hydroxide particles are submitted in a treatment for their integration into the final coating, for that which can be separated from a hydroxide in a diluted suspension, being organic or in dust, without that the compatibility between the initial hydroxide agent and the base of the additive that will formed be limiting to it. 
         [0033]    In the preferred form of the present invention, the metallic hydroxide is magnesium hydroxide. It has as an advantage in addition to its flame retarding properties, that it helps control the emission of fumes upon releasing the water when the elements in the reaction break down (1); 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0034]    With reference to  FIG. 1 , which is a diagram of blocks of the process of the production of the additive of the invention, it is presented in two zones: the first composed of the blocks from ( 10 ) to ( 40 ) that represent the pretreatment of the particles of metallic hydroxide, and the zone composed of blocks ( 50 ) and ( 60 ) representing the process of the preparation of the additive itself. 
         [0035]    In zone I, or the pretreatment phase, the block ( 10 ) represents the flame retarding ingredient that will be used for the preparation of the additive, preferably being a wet paste of metallic hydroxide although for some very specific applications that require the absence of water, it is preferable to use a hydroxide in a dry powdery form. As was mentioned before, the hydroxide is formed by particles with an average size in the range from 1 nanometer to 10 microns and with a purity of at least 90%. This material is added to the following block. 
         [0036]    The block ( 20 ) represents an operation called the “change of agent” in which the wet paste of the metallic hydroxide is washed with the purpose of displacing the water contained and substituting it for a “compatible” organic solvent, that is, it is incorporated without provoking separation of the stages, with the solvent or the thinner of the final application (the “objective” coating), which will stop in the moment the formation of lumps when it comes in contact with the objective coating; the process takes place with strong agitation, preferably for between 5 and 30 minutes, or for the time deemed necessary. The mix will be maintained in agitation in a turbulent pattern by means of a diffuser with a sharp disk or other device that allows the peripheral velocity to be at least 2 m/sec and up to 30 m/sec. After the agitation, the separation of the stages results and the process can be repeated until a residual humidity of less than 5% is obtained when in the solid state. 
         [0037]    When by the nature of the solvent or the thinner and of the resin of the final application, the metallic hydroxide could react, the need is evaluated, as is indicated by the block ( 15 ), in order to give the particles a surface treatment ( 16 ) before the operation of the “change of agent” ( 20 ), using similar conventional surfactants with the objective coating. 
         [0038]    The process of the “change of agent” ( 20 ) serves to guarantee that the hydroxide particles do not group together in the diffusion phase ( 50 ) in Zone II, in the incorporation to the coating or in the application of the same on to the surface to be treated. 
         [0039]    The block of decision ( 30 ) indicated that in case that the tolerated residual humidity in the additive is very low, close to zero, due to the nature of the resin and solvents or thinners in the objective coating and once the “change of agent” ( 20 ) stage is complete, the solid phase is summated to a process of drying ( 40 ), where the temperature of the operation in said drying stage always needs to be lower than the boiling point of the agent. The operation continues until the tolerated residual humidity for the objective coating is obtained. 
         [0040]    The result of the operation is a “dry” power of hydroxide that can be stored for the later preparation of the additive. The product obtained by this means can remain as a “dry” power dispersible for periods of 12 months. 
         [0041]    If in the previous step the humidity content of 5% is reached, the drying stage that is represented by block ( 30 ) is omitted. 
         [0042]    The product obtained, be it “dry” or wet, coming from one of the two previous steps of the first phase of the process then passes to a process of diffusion ( 50 ), in Zone II, that is adequately identified with the preparation of the additive ready for use in the objective coating that is the material of the present invention. 
         [0043]    In this stage, the paste or the “dry” powder coming from blocks ( 20 ) or ( 30 ), are added to a process of diffusion ( 50 ) where a resin and a similar dispersant is added to the objective coating, according to the following table: 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Recommended selection of the resin and the dispersant for the preparation 
               
               
                 of the additive, taking into account the nature of the coating 
               
             
          
           
               
                 TYPE OF 
                 RESIN RECOMMENDED 
                   
               
               
                 OBJECTIVE 
                 FOR THE 
               
               
                 COATING 
                 DIFFUSION 
                 DISPERSANT RECOMMENDED FOR THE DIFFUSION 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Polyurethane 
                 Polyester 
                 Copolymer with acidic groups, ethyl ammonium chloride 
               
               
                   
                   
                 salt of a polycarboxylic acid, ethyl ammonium chloride 
               
               
                   
                   
                 salt from a non saturated fatty acid, non saturated 
               
               
                   
                   
                 polyamine amide salt and polyester acids with low 
               
               
                   
                   
                 molecular weight, unsaturated polyamine amide and 
               
               
                   
                   
                 polyester acids of low molecular weight 
               
               
                 UV Curing 
                 Epoxy-acryate 
                 Copolymer with acidic groups, ethyl ammonium chloride 
               
               
                   
                   
                 salt of a polycarboxylic acid, ethyl ammonium chloride 
               
               
                   
                   
                 salt of a non saturated fatty acid, non saturated 
               
               
                   
                   
                 polyamine amide salt and polyester acids with low 
               
               
                   
                   
                 molecular weight, unsaturated salt of polyamine amide 
               
               
                   
                   
                 and polyester acids with low molecular weight 
               
               
                 Acrylic-styrene 
                 Acrylic-styrene 
                 Ammonium salts of an acrylic copolymer, salt of ethyl 
               
               
                   
                   
                 ammonium chloride and a multifunctional polymer of a 
               
               
                   
                   
                 anionic character, sodium salt of an acrylic copolymer 
               
               
                 Vinyl 
                 Vinyl 
                 Ammonium salt of an acrylic copolymer, salt of ethyl 
               
               
                   
                   
                 ammonium chloride and a multifunction polymer with an 
               
               
                   
                   
                 anionic character, sodium salt of an acrylic copolymer 
               
               
                 Ammonium 
                 Ammonium 
                 Copolymer with groups of acids, ethyl ammonium 
               
               
                 chloride Enamel 
                 chloride Resin 
                 chloride of a polycarboxiclic acids, ethyl ammonium 
               
               
                   
                   
                 chloride of a non saturated fatty acid, non saturated 
               
               
                   
                   
                 polyamine amide salt and polyester acids with low 
               
               
                   
                   
                 molecular weight, unsaturated polyamine amide and 
               
               
                   
                   
                 polyester acids of low molecular weight 
               
               
                 0% composed of 
                 Acrylic-styrene. 
                 Ammonium salt of an acrylic copolymer, salt of ethyl 
               
               
                 organic volatiles 
                 Vinyl, Vinilica, 
                 ammonium chloride a multifunctional polymer with an 
               
               
                   
                 Acrylic epoxy 
                 anionic character, sodium salt of an acrylic copolymer 
               
               
                 Nitrocellulosic 
                 Ethyl 
                 Copolymer with acidic groups, ethyl ammonium chloride 
               
               
                   
                 ammonium 
                 salt of a polycarboxylic acid, ethyl ammonium chloride 
               
               
                   
                 chloride or 
                 salt from a non saturated fatty acid, non saturated 
               
               
                   
                 Stabilized 
                 polyamine amide salt and polyester acids with low 
               
               
                   
                 nitrocellulose 
                 molecular weight, unsaturated polyamine amide salts 
               
               
                   
                   
                 and polyester acids of low molecular weight 
               
               
                 Alkaline 
                 Alkaline of soy 
                 Copolymer with acidic groups, ethyl ammonium chloride 
               
               
                   
                 or coconut, 
                 salt of a polycarboxylic acid, ethyl ammonium chloride 
               
               
                   
                 lecithin 
                 salt from a non saturated fatty acid, non saturated 
               
               
                   
                   
                 polyamine amide salt and polyester acids with low 
               
               
                   
                   
                 molecular weight, unsaturated polyamine amide and 
               
               
                   
                   
                 polyester acids of low molecular weight 
               
               
                 Phenolic 
                 Phenolic Resin 
                 Copolymer with acidic groups, ethyl ammonium chloride 
               
               
                   
                   
                 salt of a polycarboxylic acid, ethyl ammonium chloride 
               
               
                   
                   
                 salt from a non saturated fatty acid, non saturated 
               
               
                   
                   
                 polyamine amide salt and polyester acids with low 
               
               
                   
                   
                 molecular weight, unsaturated polyamine amide and 
               
               
                   
                   
                 polyester acids of low molecular weight 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0044]    The diffusion ( 50 ) is done by means of an agitator or a disperser having a peripheral velocity of between 15 and 30 m/sec. The viscosity of the mix is adjusted to that of the objective coating for the addition of the solvent or the thinner that preferably is of the same base that will be used with the coating or at least should be compatible with it. The percentage of dispersant in the mix is maintained between 0.5 and the 10% in relation to the hydroxide in the dry base. 
         [0045]    The product ( 60 ) obtained from the process of the diffusion ( 50 ) is the additive of the invention, the said product that can be in the preferred form, a formulation with up to 99% of its weight in metallic hydroxide. 
         [0046]    Among the advantages that the additive has obtained by the process of the invention are that as a consequence of the treatment of the change of agent in stage ( 20 ) and the mix with resins and dispersants in stage ( 50 ), the product is completely compatible with the objective coating for that which was prepared during the selection of the appropriate surfactant, resin and dispersant according to the table previously included, furthermore, maintaining a high grade of homogeny in the dispersion of the metallic hydroxide particles in the formation. For that which when added to the objective coating, the additive will integrate quickly and easily and it is guaranteed that the particles maintain the homogeny throughout the whole volume and thus, in the layer of the coating after the application onto the surface it is to protect. 
         [0047]    In the preferred means of the intention, useful in the case of transparent finishes, particles with an average size in the range of nanoparticles with a low variability (monodisperse) are used with those that the properties of the transparency of the varnish are not altered, that which is not guaranteed with particles of larger sizes or with a non homogenous sample or a sample of wide dispersion. 
         [0048]    For that reason, it is suggested that in the preparation of an additive for transparent varnishes to use particles from the extreme low end of the average size range. In the same way, with opaque coatings it is acceptable to use particles of larger sizes, and in the texturized finishes, particles from the extreme high end of the range can be used. 
         [0049]    The use of particles from the extreme high end of the range (10 microns) does not guarantee a homogenous distribution in the layer of the coating on the surface that it is to protect, and thus, the flame retardant efficiency is considerably diminished. 
         [0050]    Table 2 shows a summary of the selections of the reactors and the parameter values recommended for a variety of classes of conventional coatings used for common applications, with those that is possible to create additives, following the procedure according to the present invention, that will offer the characteristics of being easy to incorporate into the objective coating, homogenous (uniform) distribution of the particles of the flame retarding and smoke repressing ingredient, and conservation of the desired properties of the coating to name a few. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Materials and parameters recommended for various types of coatings. 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Humidity 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Humidity 
                 Agent for the 
                 of the 
               
               
                   
                 Size of the 
                 in the 
                 process of the 
                 Hydroxide 
                   
                 Solvent or 
               
               
                 Type of 
                 Mg(OH) 2   
                 initial 
                 “change of 
                 before the 
                 Dispersant for the 
                 thinner for the 
               
               
                 coating 
                 Particles 
                 hydroxide 
                 Agent” 
                 diffusion 
                 diffusion 
                 diffusion 
                 Quality 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Varnishes 
                 Nitrocellulose 
                 1 to 190 nm 
                 Less 
                 Aryl Ketenes, 
                 Less than 
                 Copolymer with 
                 Ketenes, 
                 Less than 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 than 
                 aryl alcohols, 
                 5% 
                 acidic groups, 
                 esters, 
                 60 μm 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 65% 
                 Glycol ester, 
                   
                 ethyl ammonium 
                 alcohols, glycol 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 glycol ether, etc. 
                   
                 chloride salt of a 
                 esters, glycol 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polycarboxylic 
                 esters, etc. 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 acid, ethyl 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 ammonium 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 chloride salt from 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 a non saturated 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 fatty acid, non 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 saturated 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polyamine amide 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 salt and polyester 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 acids with low 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 molecular weight, 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 unsaturated 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polyamine amide 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 and polyester 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 acids of low 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 molecular weight 
               
               
                   
                 Ethylammonium chloride 
                 1 to 190 nm 
                 Less 
                 Aryl Ketenes, 
                 Less than 
                 Copolymer with 
                 Hydro 
                 Less than 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 than 
                 aryl alcohols, 
                 5% 
                 acidic groups, 
                 carbonate, 
                 20 μm 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 65% 
                 glycol ester, 
                   
                 ethyl ammonium 
                 ketenes, 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 glycol ether, etc. 
                   
                 chloride salt of a 
                 esters, 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polycarboxylic 
                 alcohols, glycol 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 acid, ethyl 
                 ethers, glycol 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 ammonium 
                 esters 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 chloride salt from 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 a non saturated 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 fatty acid, non 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 saturated 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polyamine amide 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 salt and polyester 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 acids with low 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 molecular weight, 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 unsaturated 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polyamine amide 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 and polyester 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 acids of low 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 molecular weight 
               
               
                   
                 Phenolic 
                 1 to 190 nm 
                 Less 
                 Aryl Ketenes, 
                 Less than 
                 Copolymer with 
                 Hydro 
                 Less than 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 than 
                 aryl alcohols, 
                 5% 
                 acidic groups, 
                 carbonate, 
                 20 μm 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 65% 
                 Glycol ester, 
                   
                 ethyl ammonium 
                 ketenes, 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 glycol ether, etc. 
                   
                 chloride salt of a 
                 esters, 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polycarboxylic 
                 alcohols, glycol 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 acid, ethyl 
                 ethers, glycol 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 ammonium 
                 esters 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 chloride salt from 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 a non saturated 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 fatty acid, non 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 saturated 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polyamine amide 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 salt and polyester 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 acids with low 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 molecular weight, 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 unsaturated 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polyamine amide 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 and polyester 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 acids of low 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 molecular weight 
               
               
                   
                 Polyurethane 
                 1 to 190 nm 
                 less 
                 Aryl Ketenes, 
                 less than 
                 Copolymer with 
                 Hydro 
                 less than 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 than 
                 aryl alcohols, 
                 5% 
                 acidic groups, 
                 carbonate, 
                 20 μm 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 65% 
                 Glycol ester, 
                   
                 ethyl ammonium 
                 ketenes, 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 glycol ether, etc. 
                   
                 chloride salt of a 
                 esters, 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polycarboxylic 
                 alcohols, glycol 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 acid, ethyl 
                 ethers, glycol 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 ammonium 
                 esters 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 chloride salt from 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 a non saturated 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 fatty acid, non 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 saturated 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polyamine amide 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 salt and polyester 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 acids with low 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 molecular weight, 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 unsaturated 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polyamine amide 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 and polyester 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 acids of low 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 molecular weight 
               
               
                 PAINTS 
                 Vinyl 
                  1 to 5 μm 
                 less 
                 Water 
                 less than 
                 Ammonium salt of 
                 Water 
                 less than 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 than 5% 
                   
                 5% 
                 an acrylic 
                   
                 50 μm 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 copolymer, salt of 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 ethyl ammonium 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 chloride a 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 multifunctional 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polymer with an 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 anionic character, 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 sodium salt of an 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 acrylic copolymer 
               
               
                   
                 Acrylic Vinyl 
                  1 to 5 μm 
                 less 
                 Water 
                 less than 
                 Ammonium salt of 
                 Water 
                 less than 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 than 5% 
                   
                 5% 
                 an acrylic 
                   
                 50 μm 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 copolymer, salt of 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 ethyl ammonium 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 chloride a 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 multifunctional 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polymer with an 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 anionic character, 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 sodium salt of an 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 acrylic copolymer 
               
               
                   
                 Oil 
                  1 to 2 μm 
                 less 
                 Aryl Ketenes, 
                 less than 
                 Copolymer with 
                 Hydro 
                 less than 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 than 5% 
                 aryl alcohols, 
                 5% 
                 acidic groups, 
                 carbonate, 
                 50 μm 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Glycol ester, 
                   
                 ethyl ammonium 
                 ketenes, 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 glycol ether, etc. 
                   
                 chloride salt of a 
                 esters, 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polycarboxylic 
                 alcohols, glycol 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 acid, ethyl 
                 ethers, glycol 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 ammonium 
                 esters 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 chloride salt from 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 a non saturated 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 fatty acid, non 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 saturated 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polyamine amide 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 salt and polyester 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 acids with low 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 molecular weight, 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 unsaturated 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polyamine amide 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 and polyester 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 acids of low 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 molecular weight 
               
               
                   
                 Emulsion 
                 1 to 190 nm 
                 less 
                 Aryl Ketenes, 
                 less than 
                 Ammonium salt of 
                 Water 
                 less than 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 than 5% 
                 aryl alcohols, 
                 5% 
                 an acrylic 
                   
                 20 μm 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Glycol ester, 
                   
                 copolymer, salt of 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 glycol ether, 
                   
                 ethyl ammonium 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 etc.. 
                   
                 chloride a 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 multifunctional 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polymer with an 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 anionic character, 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 sodium salt of an 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 acrylic copolymer 
               
               
                   
                 UV 
                 1 to 190 nm 
                 less 
                 Aryl Ketenes, 
                 less than 
                 Copolymer with 
                 Alcohols with 
                 less than 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 than 2% 
                 aryl alcohols, 
                 2% 
                 acidic groups, 
                 6 carbons or 
                 15 μm 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Glycol ester, 
                   
                 ethyl ammonium 
                 more, esters 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 glycol ether, etc. 
                   
                 chloride salt of a 
                 with 6 carbons 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polycarboxylic 
                 or more, 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 acid, ethyl 
                 monomers 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 ammonium 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 chloride salt from 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 a non saturated 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 fatty acid, non 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 saturated 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polyamine amide 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 salt and polyester 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 acids with low 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 molecular weight, 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 unsaturated 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polyamine amide 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 and polyester 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 acids of low 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 molecular weight 
               
               
                 TEXTURIZED 
                 Styrene-arylic 
                  1 to 5 μm 
                 less 
                 Water 
                 less than 
                 Ammonium salt of 
                 Water 
                 less than 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Acrylic- 
                 than 5% 
                   
                 5% 
                 an acrylic 
                   
                 60 μm 
               
               
                   
                   
                 styrene 
                   
                   
                   
                 copolymer, salt of 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 ethyl ammonium 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 chloride a 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 multifunctional 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polymer with an 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 anionic character, 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 sodium salt of an 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 acrylic copolymer 
               
               
                   
                 Acrylic Vinyl 
                  1 to 5 μm 
                 less 
                 water 
                 less than 
                 Ammonium salt of 
                 water 
                 less than 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 than 5% 
                   
                 5% 
                 an acrylic 
                   
                 60 μm 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 copolymer, salt of 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 ethyl ammonium 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 chloride a 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 multifunctional 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polymer with an 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 anionic character, 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 sodium salt of an 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 acrylic copolymer 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0051]    For a better understanding of the use of the data contained in tables 1 and 2, the following examples are realized according to standards ASTM D1360. They offer illustrations of diverse alternatives for the creation of the additives according to the procedure of the present invention. 
       Example 1 
     Preparation of the Additive to be Used in a Coating with an Ethyl Ammonium Chloride Base Having a Residual Humidity of Less than 5% 
       [0000]    
       
         
           
             1. Separate nanometric magnesium hydroxide with a humidity of 65% that has the following distribution of particle sizes: D 10 , 59.0 nm; D 50 , 92.7 nm; D 90 , 153 nm; measured by laser ray diffraction in a machine marked COULTER LS 230. For the purpose of illustration, we will use 1200 grams. 
             2. Place the magnesium hydroxide in a 6 Liter recipient that has a pour spout. 
             3. Pour 3600 grams of ethylene glycol butyl ether, and agitate (dispersing) with a dispersing propellant to a peripheral velocity of between 5 and 30 m/sec. This agitation (dispersion) is maintained for a period of between 5 and 15 minutes. 
             4. With the help of a centrifuge, a decanter, a filter, or other means of separating solids from liquids, as much of the liquid part as possible is removed, depending on the function of the equipment selected for completing the separation. 
             5. With the paste obtained, repeat steps 3 and 4 until the content of the water in said material is less than 5%. 
             6. The paste then from step 5 is placed in an appropriate drying machine and the organic solvent is eliminated. The dryer should not be operated at a temperature higher than the boiling point of the solvent, this guarantees that the power of magnesium hydroxide obtained does not suffer changes in the side of the particle and that its integration to the flame retarding additive will be efficient. 
             7. 590 grams of ethyl ammonium chloride will be placed into a 1.0 liter Berzelius glass without a spout. 
             8. The glass will be placed in a diffusion machine provided with a deflector and a propellant for the diffusion. 
             9. The resin is to be agitated at a moderate velocity: peripheral velocity of between 1 and 5 m/s. 
             10. Pour in ten grams of the dispersant DCM-305 (a copolymer with groups of acids), that is compatible with the resin. 
             11. Add to it 400 grams of the magnesium hydroxide that was obtained in point 6. 
             12. Maintain medium agitation until the magnesium hydroxide is completely humid. 
             13. Once the mix is homogenous, the velocity of the disperser is increased until it has enough cutting force that guarantees an efficient distribution: peripheral velocity between 15 and 30 m/s. 
             14. The diffusion is maintained during 15 minutes or the time necessary to reach the quality of the application. 
           
         
       
     
       Example 2 
     Preparation of the Additive to be Used in a Coating with a Nitrocellulosic Base that has a Required Residual Humidity of Less than 5% 
       [0000]    
       
         
           
             1. Place 490 grams of the nitrocellulose resin in a 1.0 liter Berzelius glass without a spout. 
             2. Place the glass in a diffusion machine provided with a deflector and a propellant from the diffusion of 7 centimeters of diameter. 
             3. Agitate the resin at a moderate velocity. 
             4. Pour 10 grams of the dispersant DCM-305 (a copolymer with groups of acids), that is compatible with the resin. 
             5. Add in 400 grams of dry magnesium hydroxide with particle size being an average of 100 nanometers. 
             6. Maintain medium agitation until the magnesium hydroxide is completely humid. 
             7. Once the mix is homogenous, the velocity of the disperser is increased until it has enough cutting force that guarantees an efficient distribution: peripheral velocity between 15 and 30 m/s. 
             8. The diffusion is maintained during 15 minutes or the time necessary to reach the quality of the application. 
           
         
       
     
         [0074]    The flame retarding additive for the ethyl ammonium chloride varnish, prepared in Example 1, can be mixed in different proportions with any ethyl ammonium chloride varnish that is found on the market. Also, the flame retarding additive for the nitrocellulose based sealer prepared in Example 2 can be mixed with any nitrocellulose based sealer that is on the market. 
         [0075]    The most frequent is that in the varnish of an item made of wood it be used as much as a sealer as a varnish. Table 3 shows different combinations of sealers and varnishes mixed with the flame retarding additives prepared in Examples 1 and 2, and the results to summit them to the flame test according to the ASTM D1360 standard. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 3 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Effect as the percentage of weight lost by the action of the flames, of the content of Mg(OH)2 in 
               
               
                 a nitrocellulose based sealer and a varnish with an ethyl ammonium chloride based 
               
               
                 resin both applied to a sample of wood. 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Test Number 
                 Control 
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 1 
                 2 
                 3 
                 4 
                 Group 
                 Intumescent 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Sealer 
                 Type of 
                 Nitro- 
                 Nitro- 
                 Nitro- 
                 Nitro- 
                 Nitro- 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                 resin 
                 cellulose 
                 cellulose 
                 cellulose 
                 cellulose 
                 cellulose 
               
               
                   
                 Additive/ 
                 1/7 
                 1/7 
                 1/1 
                 1/1 
                 0 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                 Sealer 
               
               
                 Varnish 
                 Type of 
                 Ethyl 
                 Ethyl 
                 Ethyl 
                 Ethyl 
                 Ethyl 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                 resin 
                 ammonium 
                 ammonium 
                 ammonium 
                 ammonium 
                 ammonium 
               
               
                   
                   
                 chloride 
                 chloride 
                 chloride 
                 chloride 
                 chloride 
               
               
                   
                 Additive/ 
                 1/7 
                 1/1 
                 1/7 
                 1/1 
                 0 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                 Varnish 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Loss of weight 
                 7.8 
                 5.5 
                 3.5 
                 1.7 
                 62.8 
                 17.5 
               
               
                 (%) 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0076]    Table 4 shows the rest of the examples of the additives prepared with different types of resins that have applications to different types of coatings. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 4 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Preparation of a flame retardant additive 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Metallic 
                 D 50   
                 Inicial 
                 Change of 
                 Final 
                 Resin of the 
                   
                   
               
               
                 Ex. # 
                 Hydroxide 
                 mm 
                 Humidity 
                 Vehicle 
                 Humidity 
                 coating 
                 Dispersant 
                 Surfactant 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 1 
                 Mg(OH) 2   
                 0.0927 
                 65% 
                 ethylene 
                 &gt;5% 
                 Ethyl 
                 Copolymer with 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 glycol butyl 
                   
                 ammonium 
                 acid groups 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 ether 
                   
                 chloride 
               
               
                 2 
                 Mg(OH) 2   
                 0.0927 
                 &lt;5% 
                 — 
                 &lt;5% 
                 Nitrocellulose 
                 Copolymer with 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 acid groups 
               
               
                 3 
                 Mg(OH) 2   
                 0.0927 
                 &lt;5% 
                 — 
                 &lt;5% 
                 Phenolic 
                 Copolymer with 
                 Methyl 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 acid groups 
                 hydrogyn 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polysiloxane 
               
               
                 4 
                 Mg(OH) 2   
                 1.102 
                 &lt;5% 
                 — 
                 &lt;5% 
                 Polyurethane 
                 Copolymer with 
                 Methyl 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 acid groups 
                 hydrogyn 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polysiloxane 
               
               
                 5 
                 Mg(OH) 2   
                 1.102 
                 55% 
                 water 
                 &gt;5% 
                 Vinyl 
                 Ammonium salt 
                 Methyl 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 made of an acrylic 
                 hydrogyn 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 copolymer 
                 polysiloxane 
               
               
                 6 
                 Mg(OH) 2   
                 1.102 
                 55% 
                 water 
                 &gt;5% 
                 Acrylic vinyl 
                 Ammonium salt 
                 Methyl 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 made of an acrylic 
                 hydrogyn 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 copolymer 
                 polysiloxane 
               
               
                 7 
                 Mg(OH) 2   
                 1.102 
                 &lt;5% 
                 — 
                 &lt;5% 
                 Ethyl 
                 Copolymer with 
                 Methyl 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 ammonium 
                 acid groups 
                 hydrogyn 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 chloride 
                   
                 polysiloxane 
               
               
                 8 
                 Mg(OH) 2   
                 1.102 
                 55% 
                 water 
                 &gt;5% 
                 Ethyl 
                 Ammonium salt 
                 Methyl 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 ammonium 
                 made of an acrylic 
                 hydrogyn 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 chloride 
                 copolymer 
                 polysiloxane 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 0-VOC 
               
               
                 9 
                 Mg(OH) 2   
                 1.102 
                 &lt;5% 
                 — 
                 &lt;5% 
                 Acrylic epoxy 
                 Copolymer with 
                 Methyl 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 catalyzed by 
                 acid groups + 
                 hydrogyn 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 UV 
                 non saturated 
                 polysiloxane 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polyamine amide 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 salt and polyester 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 acids with low 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 molecular weight 
               
               
                 10 
                 Mg(OH) 2   
                 1.102 
                 55% 
                 water 
                 &gt;5% 
                 Acrylic— 
                 Ammonium salt 
                 Methyl 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 styrene 
                 made of an acrylic 
                 hydrogyn 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 copolymer 
                 polysiloxane 
               
               
                 11 
                 Al(OH) 3   
                 6.86 
                 &gt;5% 
                 — 
                 &lt;5% 
                 Ethyl 
                 Copolymer with 
                 Methyl 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 ammonium 
                 acid groups 
                 hydrogyn 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 chloride 
                   
                 polysiloxane 
               
               
                 12 
                 Al(OH) 3   
                 6.86 
                 40% 
                 water 
                 &gt;5% 
                 Vinyl 
                 Ammonium salt 
                 Methyl 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 made of an acrylic 
                 hydrogyn 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 copolymer 
                 polysiloxane 
               
               
                 13 
                 Al(OH) 3   
                 6.86 
                 &lt;5% 
                 — 
                 &lt;5% 
                 Polyurethane 
                 Copolymer with 
                 Methyl 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 acid groups 
                 hydrogyn 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polysiloxane 
               
               
                 14 
                 Al(OH) 3   
                 6.86 
                 40% 
                 water 
                 &gt;5% 
                 Ethyl 
                 Ammonium salt 
                 Methyl 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 ammonium 
                 made of an acrylic 
                 hydrogyn 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 chloride 
                 copolymer 
                 polysiloxane 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 0-VOC 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0077]    The effects of the use of the additive with magnesium hydroxide in the wood coatings in the previous tests are illustrated in Table 5. They show the result of the examples of the application of the prepared additive according to the previously described procedure. 
         [0078]    The effect of the flame retardant when the coating includes magnesium hydroxide can be clearly observed. In the physical tests, it can be seen that that there is no change in the final appearance of the coating with the additive of the invention after its application with respect to the appearance that the coating offers without the additive; this is also valid for coatings that have a high transparency such as varnishes. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 5 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Effect of the flame retarding additive, as a percentage of the weight 
               
               
                 loss, applied in a sample of wood according to the ASTM D1360 standard. 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Sealer 
                 Coating 
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Additive/ 
                   
                 Additive/ 
                 Metallic 
                 Weight 
               
               
                 Type of Sealer 
                 Sealer 
                 Type of Coating 
                 Coating 
                 Dioxide 
                 Loss (%) 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Nitrocellulose 
                 1/7 
                 Ethyl ammonium 
                 1/7 
                 Mg(OH) 2   
                 7.8 
               
               
                   
                   
                 chloride varnish 
               
               
                 Nitrocellulose 
                 1/7 
                 Phenolic Varnish 
                 1/7 
                 Mg(OH) 2   
                 3.6 
               
               
                 Nitrocellulose 
                 1/1 
                 Ethyl ammonium 
                 1/1 
                 Al(OH) 3   
                 14.3 
               
               
                   
                   
                 chloride varnish 
               
               
                 — 
                 — 
                 Intumescent 
                 — 
                 — 
                 17.5 
               
               
                 Nitrocellulose 
                 — 
                 Ethyl ammonium 
                 — 
                 — 
                 62.8 
               
               
                   
                   
                 chloride varnish 
               
               
                 Nitrocellulose 
                 — 
                 Phenolic Varnish 
                 — 
                 — 
                 66.1 
               
               
                 — 
                 — 
                 Ethyl ammonium 
                 1/1 
                 Mg(OH) 2   
                 6.7 
               
               
                   
                   
                 chloride varnish 
               
               
                   
                   
                 0-VOC 
               
               
                 — 
                 — 
                 Varnish of Acrylic 
                 1/1 
                 Mg(OH) 2   
                 30.1 
               
               
                   
                   
                 epoxy catalyzed by 
               
               
                   
                   
                 UV 
               
               
                 — 
                 — 
                 Polyurethane 
                 1/1 
                 Mg(OH) 2   
                 11.4 
               
               
                   
                   
                 varnish 
               
               
                 — 
                 — 
                 Ethyl ammonium 
                 — 
                 — 
                 61.3 
               
               
                   
                   
                 chloride varnish 
               
               
                   
                   
                 0-VOC 
               
               
                 — 
                 — 
                 Varnish of Acrylic 
                 — 
                 — 
                 71.0 
               
               
                   
                   
                 epoxy catalyzed by 
               
               
                   
                   
                 UV 
               
               
                 — 
                 — 
                 Polyurethane 
                 — 
                 — 
                 72.4 
               
               
                   
                   
                 varnish 
               
               
                 — 
                 — 
                 Ethyl ammonium 
                 1/1 
                 Mg(OH) 2   
                 2.8 
               
               
                   
                   
                 chloride enamel 
               
               
                 — 
                 — 
                 Ethyl ammonium 
                 — 
                 — 
                 8.2 
               
               
                   
                   
                 chloride enamel 
               
               
                 — 
                 — 
                 Acrylic Styrene 
                 1/1 
                 Mg(OH) 2   
                 10.7 
               
               
                   
                   
                 waterproofer 
               
               
                 — 
                 — 
                 Acrylic Styrene 
                 — 
                 — 
                 58.4 
               
               
                   
                   
                 waterproofer 
               
               
                 — 
                 — 
                 Acrylic Vinyl 
                 1/1 
                 Mg(OH) 2   
                 5.2 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Paint 
               
               
                 — 
                 — 
                 Vinyl Paint 
                 1/1 
                 Mg(OH) 2   
                 6.0 
               
               
                 — 
                 — 
                 Acrylic Vinyl 
                 — 
                 — 
                 52.6 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Paint 
               
               
                 — 
                 — 
                 Vinyl Paint 
                 — 
                 — 
                 52.6 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0079]    In this aspect, the size of the hydroxide particles is important, as well as the uniformity of the size and the homogeny of the distribution of the particles in the final layer of the coating once applied. 
         [0080]    As has been described and illustrated through the previous examples, the present invention is directed to the preparation of an additive that has the properties of a flame retardant and a suppresser of smoke, without affecting the properties of the coating to which it is added. 
         [0081]    In the examples, there has been used some common coatings for the protection of surfaces, in particular wood and its derivative, as can be seen by a technician with knowledge of the art, these examples do not limit the reach of the invention but they are to be illustrative of the same, and the use of the additive in other coatings for the application to other surfaces, is found to be also within the reach of the present invention that, thus should be considered in light of the following claims.