Abstract:
A method of pre-selecting the life span of a nuclear-cored product. The method comprises providing a product that uses a nuclear-cored energy source and then determining a pre-selected occurrence. When this pre-selected occurrence happens a timing mechanism in the product will disable the product, thus rendering the product inoperable. Thus a consumer must take the product to a manufacturer to reset the timing mechanism and at this time the product may be updated with new technologies.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION  
       [0001]     This application is a non-provisional application gaining priority from provisional patent application Ser. No. 60/655,972 filed Feb. 22, 2005. That provisional is incorporated herein. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
       [0002]     This application relates to an alternative fuel source. More specifically and without limitation this invention relates to a method of pre-selecting the life of a nuclear-cored battery.  
         [0003]     Currently, in the art of batteries, such as car batteries, a battery has a cell with one plate made of lead and another plate made of leaded dioxide and has a strong sulfuric acid electrite in which the plates are immersed. From this chemical reaction within the lead acid battery, electrons flow powering whatever device is connected to the battery. Though current lead acid batteries effectively power devices such as automobiles, many problems in the art remain. First, the life expectancy of an average battery in an automobile can be as little as three to four years. Additionally, current car batteries cause inefficiencies within the car motor thus lowering the miles per gallon of gasoline that a car may travel.  
         [0004]     Batteries having a nuclear core have been developed to attempt to harness the energy from a long lasting source. The radioactive materials of these batteries have been used with chemicals known as phosphors to create light that can be converted into electricity. Though electricity has been created, because of the radioactive nature of the core material, these batteries are unsafe for everyday use.  
         [0005]     Attempts to solve the problem of creating an nuclear-cored battery that is safe for everyday use have been made, however scientist have been unable to find a material that will effectively shield the radioactive radiation of the nuclear core material and yet still produce sufficient light that can be efficiently converted into electricity. Thus, there is a need in the art for an improved nuclear battery.  
         [0006]     High temperature ceramics such as Al 2 O 3 , alumina and zirconium oxide in the past have been used to contain radioactive wastes such that these ceramic containers or sarcophaguses have radioactive waste material placed therein and are buried in the ground. A high temperature ceramic is defined as any ceramic material that has a melting point above 2,000 degrees Centigrade. The ceramic structure is stable and dense enough that this structure is not altered by the radioactive radiation. Nonetheless, high temperature ceramics have never been used in the field of nuclear-cored batteries because the dense structure of the ceramics is not conducive to the production of photons using a radioactive source.  
         [0007]     Additionally, in the current art of manufacturing processes that have been developed to produce similar crystals to those that will be created in manufacturing the nuclear-cored battery are not conducive to the mass production needed to make a profit in the business community. Specifically, during the production of photoluminescent crystals the manufacturing process requires multiple steps of mixing, milling, and heating material continually. These processes not only take a lot of time and effort, but also produce inferior crystals. Thus, there is a need for a new method of manufacturing crystals that reduces the cost to produce the crystals while increasing the quality of the crystal.  
         [0008]     Furthermore, to assist in the manufacturing process of the nuclear-cored battery the current manufacturing equipment that would be used to manufacture the battery cause inefficiencies during the manufacturing process. Specifically, a problem exists with the nano-material production equipment, such as a plasma spray gun that will be used to manufacture the nuclear-cored battery of this disclosure. A problem with current plasma spray guns exists in that these guns use a tungsten anode and electrode that deplete into the plasma stream as the equipment is used, thus limiting the life of the anode and electrode such that current anode and electrodes within a plasma spray gun only last approximately 250 hours. Thus there is a need in the art to improve upon the life of the anode and electrode with a plasma spray gun.  
         [0009]     Another technology that may be improved uses a similar solution as will be disclosed regarding the nano-material production equipment and this technology is known as a fuel saver. A fuel saver converts O 2  into O 3 . Currently, alumina plates are placed on top of copper plates thus creating the fuel saver and the combination of these plates are used as discharge plates within the fuel saver. Nonetheless, these fuel saver units known in the art do not yield an optimum output potential. Thus, there is a need for an improved manufacturing process to create a fuel saver, and a need for a more efficient fuel saver.  
         [0010]     Furthermore, products having nuclear-cored energy sources have the potential of having a lifetime that equals the lifetime of the nuclear material used to power the product. During this time the technology of the product using the nuclear-cored energy source could become obsolete. Thus there is a need in the art for a method that will allow technologies of nuclear core powered products to be updated.  
         [0011]     Thus, a principal object of the present invention is to provide a method of pre-selecting the life span of a nuclear-cored product.  
         [0012]     Another object of the present invention is to provide a method of pre-selecting the life span of a nuclear-cored battery.  
         [0013]     These and other objects, features, or advantages will become apparent from the specification and the claims.  
       BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
       [0014]     A method of pre-selecting the life span of a nuclear-cored product. The method comprises providing a product that uses a nuclear-cored energy source and then determining a pre-selected occurrence. The pre-selected occurrence for example can be a length of time or a distance traveled. When this pre-selected occurrence happens a timing mechanism in the product will disable the product, thus rendering the product inoperable. The timing mechanism for example may be a timing circuit, or a control unit that is programmed to detect the pre-selected occurrence. Thus a consumer must take the product to a manufacturer to reset the timing mechanism and at this time the product may be updated with new technologies. 
     
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0015]      FIG. 1  is a sectional view of a nuclear-cored battery;  
         [0016]      FIG. 2  is a cut away plan view of a sphere of an nuclear-cored battery;  
         [0017]      FIG. 3  is a sectional view of a super magnet;  
         [0018]      FIG. 4  is a flow diagram of a manufacturing process of a nuclear-cored battery;  
         [0019]      FIG. 5  is a schematic diagram of the equipment used during the manufacturing process of a nuclear-cored battery;  
         [0020]      FIG. 6  is a flow diagram of a manufacturing process of a nuclear-cored battery;  
         [0021]      FIG. 7  is a plan side view of one embodiment of a disposable battery using a layered nuclear-cored battery;  
         [0022]      FIG. 8  is a cut away plan side view of one embodiment of a disposable battery using a layered nuclear-cored battery;  
         [0023]      FIG. 9  is a sectional view of a plasma spray gun;  
         [0024]      FIG. 10  is a flow diagram of a recycling process of a nuclear-cored battery;  
         [0025]      FIG. 11  is a side plan cut away view of a plasma spray system;  
         [0026]      FIG. 12  is a sectional view of a decomposition cell;  
         [0027]      FIG. 13  is a sectional view of a decomposition unit; and  
         [0028]      FIG. 14  is a sectional view of a fuel saver. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT  
       [0029]      FIG. 1  shows an atomic battery or nuclear-cored battery  10 . Nuclear-cored battery  10  is created by producing a plurality of energy sources in the form of spheres  12  ( FIG. 2 ) that each have a nuclear core  14  that emits alpha, beta, or gamma radiation. Nuclear core  14  is comprised of any radioactive material including, uranium, uranium carbonate, uranium oxide, strontium, and strontium oxide.  
         [0030]     The nuclear core  14  is surrounded by a ceramic phosphor material  16  that is in one embodiment a crystalline having a carbon defect such that the ceramic phosphor material  16  in combination with the nuclear core forms a light dissipating material  17 . In one embodiment, the ceramic phosphor material comprises a high temperature ceramic. In another embodiment this high temperature ceramic comprises a matrix having Al2O3:C. In yet another embodiment zinc sulfide, or another high temperature ceramic having a carbon defect is used. The ceramic material within the ceramic phosphor material  16  is used to shield and absorb the radiation emitted by the nuclear core  14  while the phosphors are excited by the radioactive radiation of the nuclear core  14  causing the phosphors to produce energy in the form of photons. In another embodiment lanthides are used as a defect for the phosphors. The carbon defect increases the bandwidth of the ceramic material, and the lanthides are used to increase the bandwidth of the phosphors. Thus, the ceramic material prevents radiation from being emitted past the ceramic phosphor material  16 , yet this material  16  is still able to produce photons.  
         [0031]     In one embodiment the ceramic phosphor material  16  is made into a crystalline (crystal) that is an amorphous crystalline or a structured crystalline and that is manipulated during the manufacturing process so that the photons being emitted by the material  16  are at an optimum wavelength (and thus color) to maximize the efficiency of the nuclear-cored battery  10 . One example of how the crystalline is manipulated is by adding MO.m(Al2O3):Eu,R to the ceramic phosphor material, wherein M is chosen from one of the alkaline metals such as strontium, calcium, and barium; R is any of the lanthanides; Eu is present at a level from about 0.05% to about 10% by weight and preferably 0.1-5% by weight; and R is present at a level from about 0.05% to about 10% by weight and preferably 0.1-5% by weight. Thus the final formula of the ceramic phosphor material will comprise the matrix MO.m(Al2O3):C:Eu,R.  
         [0032]     Another example of a material that is added to the ceramic phosphor material  16  to manipulate the output frequency of the photons being emitted is yttrium oxysulfide doped with titanium and magnesium material that forms a crystal that emits red to orange wavelengths of light. Thus for red and orange wavelengths the ceramic phosphor material comprises the matrix MOS:Mg,Ti,Eu wherein M is chosen from a group consisting of MgO, ZnO, ZrO, CuO, Yttrium Oxide, or Gallium Oxide.  
         [0033]     The excitation of the base light emitter, such as Al2O3:C, causes the stimulation of the crystals and the combined frequency gives the final output color. Thus the output frequency of the ceramic phosphor material  16  is manipulated to any color in the visible spectrum. Below is a list of examples of different ceramic phosphors and the color wavelengths of the photons that are emitted by each depending on the amount of each element provided: 
        1. Green—A polycrystalline structure of Alumina incepted with carbon and mixed with a matrix of Europium Oxide, Strontium Carbonate, also Dysprosium Oxide.     2. Blue—A polycrystalline structure of Alumina incepted with carbon and mixed with a matrix of Europium Oxide, Strontium Carbonate, also Dysprosium Oxide.     3. Yellow—A polycrystalline structure of Alumina incepted with carbon and mixed with a matrix of Europium Oxide, Strontium Carbonate, Barium Carbonate, also Dysprosium Oxide.     4. Orange—A polycrystalline structure of Alumina incepted with carbon and mixed with a matrix of Europium Oxide, Strontium Carbonate, also Dysprosium Oxide. Mixed with a polycrystalline structure of Yttrium Oxysulfide and mixed with a matrix of Europium Oxide.     5. Red—A polycrystalline structure of Yttrium Oxysulfide and mixed with a matrix of Europium Oxide, also Magnesium Titanium.     6. White—A polycrystalline structure of Alumina incepted with carbon and mixed with a matrix of Europium Oxide, Strontium Carbonate, Neodymium Oxide, also Dysprosium Oxide.     7. Violet—A polycrystalline structure mixed with a matrix of Europium Oxide, Calcium carbonate, also Neodymium Oxide.        
 
         [0041]     Thus, each combination listed creates a separate crystalline structure depending upon the content of each element present. Each crystalline separately is unique in its interaction with different radiations produced by the nuclear core  14 , and each will produce a different wavelength of visible light emitted from the crystalline.  
         [0042]     Surrounding the ceramic phosphor material  16  is a photovoltaic layer  18  that transforms the photons into a flow of electrons to create an energy source, or sphere  12 . One will appreciate that in one embodiment the photovoltaic layer  18  is made of an amorphous silicon that also is altered with defects by, for example, doping the material with magnesium in order to manipulate a stimulating frequency of the photovoltaic layer  18 . Other examples of defects include titanium and chromium. Thus the output frequency of the photons generated by the ceramic phosphor material  16  is manipulated or tuned while manipulating or tuning the stimulating frequency of the photovoltaic layer  18  so that the most efficient amount of light created by the ceramic phosphor material  16  is converted into an electron flow by the photovoltaic layer  18 .  
         [0043]     After a plurality of spheres  12  are created the battery is formed by surrounding a plurality of spheres  12  with a conductive material  20  that is an intermediate layer that carries the spheres  12 . This conductive material  20  comes into direct contact with the spheres  12  and in one embodiment is a conductive polymer, one example of which is a sulfidized polymer. One such conductive polymer is poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrenesulfonate. A P and N layer  22  comprising a P layer  22   a  and an N layer  22   b  sandwiches the spheres therebetween to harness the electron flow created by the photovoltaic layer  18  to create the nuclear-cored battery  10 . Additionally, a layer of insulating material  23  can be used to surround the P and N layer  22 .  
         [0044]     Finally, spheres  12  in one embodiment are in powder form and will range in size from 50 microns to sub micron in size depending on the application and output. Nonetheless, in another embodiment a metal is added to the nuclear core  14  of the battery  10  in order to increase the size of the spheres  12  for macro-sized applications.  
         [0045]     As shown in  FIG. 3 , in an alternative embodiment a magnetic material  24  is placed around the plurality of spheres  12  to create a super magnet  26 . Specifically, the flow of electrons created by the photovoltaic layer  18  interacts with the magnetic material  24  to magnetize the outer surface  28  of the magnetic material  24 .  
         [0046]     In operation, the nuclear core  14  emits radiation, for example, beta radiation that is an electron. When the electron comes in contact with the ceramic phosphor material  16  the radioactive radiation is stopped by the ceramic, yet the electron excites the phosphors causing an electron to “jump” from a 4d valence energy level to a higher valence energy level within a phosphor. When that electron “settles” back to its original 4d state, energy in the form of a photon is emitted. When the ceramic phosphor material  16  includes a carbon defect in its matrix the carbon defect increases the bandwidth of the phosphor allowing more photons to be generated. Furthermore, the matrix of the ceramic phosphor material  16  will determine the frequency of the photon that is being emitted from the ceramic phosphor material  16 . These photons are then absorbed by the photovoltaic layer  18  to create an electron flow that is harnessed by the P and N layer  22  to cause the battery  10  to function.  
         [0047]     When other radioactive radiations are present such as gamma and alpha radiation, the phosphors still become “excited” and produce photons, but not in the same way as beta radiation. Thus all types of radioactive material may be used as the nuclear core  14 .  
         [0048]     Manufacturing the nuclear-cored battery involves a multi-step process.  FIG. 4  shows a flow chart of the multi step process used during the manufacturing of the battery and  FIG. 5  shows a schematic diagram of the equipment used during this process. Processing the nuclear material is the first step  30 . This is preformed in a multitude of ways depending on the initial source. If the nuclear material is of a mixed matrix of different radiation sources division is made by dissolving the materials with the mixed matrix and separating these materials via gravimetric. The weight and density of the different materials in the mixed matrix causes these materials to separate into layers making it possible to divide materials as needed.  
         [0049]     The next step  32  is to process the nuclear material via a spray dryer  34  into a spherical metal or compound to be used as the nuclear core  14 . The core  14  in one embodiment is a compound that is an oxide or carbonate that creates a stronger structure, with a higher melting point than the metal that the oxide or carbonate are derived from. Other methods and equipment such as a precipitation method or some other form of sprayer is also used to create the nuclear core  14 .  
         [0050]     At step  36  a ceramic phosphor slurry material that in one embodiment is made of a base material of Al2O3:C and phosphors is created. The ceramic phosphor slurry is a frequency alternating mixture that in one embodiment comprises strontium carbonate, europium oxide, dysprosium oxide, or the like (depending on the output frequency desired) that is mixed into a water and alumina powder. The ceramic phosphor slurry, water and alumina powder are milled together to a nano mean size to form a ceramic phosphor slurry material. This is preformed in a media mill or mixing chamber  38  or other systems. In one embodiment a carbon defect is added to the ceramic phosphor slurry material by using graphite, or another carbon additive while making the ceramic phosphor slurry.  
         [0051]     At step  40  the nuclear core material is introduced to the ceramic phosphor slurry material and then at step  42  a temporary binder is added (ammonia nitrate or another gas is used to create a porous structure as necessary) and the ceramic phosphor slurry material with a nuclear core material having a temporary binder is then mixed to create a homogenous mixture. Examples of the temporary binding material are methal cellulose, poly vinyl alcohol, or the like.  
         [0052]     This homogenous mixture is processed again through the spray drier  34  to dry the homogenous mixture to form an outer shell at step  46 . At step  46  the homogenous mixture is delivered to the spray drier  34  and into the cavity of the spray drier  34  by double annulus spray nozzle or discharge wheel. The homogenous mixture is then hit with a blast of hot air that evaporates the water within the homogenous mixture and dries the temporary binding material at step  48  to form a temporarily bound layer of mixed ceramics. Atmospheric gas of nitrogen, argon, and/or carbon dioxide is used to assist in the process. In the embodiment wherein the base ceramic is Al2O3:C step  48  forms a semi ridged spherical particle with the nuclear core  14  surrounded by a temporarily bound layer of mixed ceramics having an alumina structure.  
         [0053]     At step  50  the particle created at step  48  is subjected to a high temperature portion of the processing, or plasma thermal process using a thermal plasma spray system  52  having at least one plasma gun  53 . With temperatures that are adjusted from 2,000 to over 15,000 centigrade the mixed ceramics from step  48  are brought to a molten state for a short amount of time, preferably under a minute, thus creating a layer of mixed ceramics in a molten state. While in this molten state the temporary binding material will burn out and the nuclear core with the layer of mixed ceramics becomes an amorphous structure as a result. The plasma stream sinters the layer of mixed ceramics to densify and calcinate or purify the layer. In one embodiment the layer of mixed ceramics has an alumina structure and this alumina structure is brought to a molten state for a short amount of time creating the amorphous structure.  
         [0054]     While the particle created at step  48  is subjected to the high temperature portion of the processing structural defects are introduced. In one embodiment these defects include carbon defects and/or lanthide defects. Once a carbon defect is added the layer of mixed ceramics in combination with the nuclear core  14  becomes a light dissipating material  17 . Thus, the nuclear core  14  after this high temperature processing will no longer be radioactive in nature past the layer of mixed ceramics. The radioactive decay will be transformed into light that is emitted out from the light dissipating material  17 .  
         [0055]     During step  54  the light dissipating material  17  is propelled into a quenching chamber  56  and a pair of cooling nozzles that in one embodiment emit a crosscurrent of quenching gas that is an air and gas mixture cools and incepts further amounts of carbon into the light dissipating material  17  to form a crystalline. One will also appreciate that the temporary binder provided some carbon content as it burned out but the use of carbon dioxide in the quenching gas will allow for total coverage of carbon within the light dissipating material  17 . Also the use of nitrogen, or other inert gas, as a quenching gas will encourage the clarity of the crystalline allowing for a higher transfer of light from the light dissipating material  17 . Rather than add the carbon defect in step  52 , alternatively the carbon defect is added just in step  54 . The heating of the nuclear core with a layer of mixed ceramics allows the introduction of the carbon defect at step  52 , step  54 , or both. The light dissipating material  17  now quenched and treated with the chamber gasses is collected by a cyclonic chamber  58  that is separate from the quenching chamber  56  at step  60 . The light dissipating material  17  is then removed when collected.  
         [0056]     Construction material in the quenching chamber  56  will be similar to that of the spray drier  34 . Additionally, a scrubber system  62  is utilized to prevent the discharge of uncoated nuclear core particles in both the spray dry process and thermal plasma spray stages.  
         [0057]     Once the light dissipating material  17  is created the material is spray dried with a coating of photovoltaic material such as silicon by the spray dryer  34  at step  64 . At step  66  this layer is treated again with the thermal plasma process to densify the silicon on the light dissipating material  17  to create the photovoltaic layer  18 , thus creating the sphere  12 . By using the thermal plasma process the photovoltaic layer in one embodiment has an amorphous structure. This layering technique will allow for a high strength and small particle size with each layer interacting with the next. The spray dryer  34  gives the spheres  12  their shape and one will understand that these small spherical particles are in one embodiment the form of a powder.  
         [0058]     At step  68  the finished powder is sandwiched between organic P and N layers  22  to draw away the electrons being discharged from the photovoltaic layer  18  of the spheres  12 . Leads are connected to the P and N layers  22  to transport energy to a source consumer of the electricity at step  70 . The P and N layers  22  in one embodiment are applied as a spray and conform to any shape desired or as a sheet  72  ( FIGS. 7 and 8 ) that is later inserted into a commercial product.  
         [0059]     One will appreciate that though this method of manufacturing places a ceramic phosphor layer  16  over a nuclear core  14  to form a light dissipating material  17 , that in another embodiment only the ceramic phosphor slurry undergoes the manufacturing process described to create a ceramic phosphor crystalline  16 . This crystalline  16  is then used in association with the nuclear core  14  to create a light dissipating material  17 .  
         [0060]     In another embodiment seen in  FIG. 6  the nuclear material is layered with the Al2O3:C first in step  74 , then processed in high temperature in step  76 , then recoated with the phosphor in step  78 , and processed with higher temperatures to alter the output frequency at step  80 . The mixing of a matrix of materials is used on low to mid output radioactive materials but high output materials will require the shielding first then the altering of the frequency. This also offers an opportunity to manipulate a carbon inception of an alumina layer. The use of pre-manufactured materials exists to create these layers. Again, a binder is used to hold the layers together temporarily until high temperature processing is implicated.  
         [0061]     The use of a discharge circuit in one embodiment is utilized to remove unused excess electricity created by the nuclear-cored battery  10 . This electricity is converted to heat or other forms of energy to dissipate excess capacity. This energy could also be redirected to a capacitor to store the electricity during sporadic and inconsistent use of the source. The reason for the use of this circuit is that the battery  10  is going to give electricity continuously without delay for the duration of the core materials half-lives.  
         [0062]      FIGS. 7 and 8  show embodiments wherein a layered battery  82  is formed. Specifically, in this embodiment the P and N layers are applied as a spray to form a nuclear core energy source sheet  72 . In this embodiment the sheet  72  is rolled or coiled into a cylinder and inserted into a plastic or metal housing or case  84  having a first and second ends  86  and  88 .  FIG. 7  shows the coiled sheet  72  outside the case  84  and tapered; however, in use the sheet is coiled and within the case  84 . A first conductive lead  90  is electrically connected to the P layer  22   a  and is attached to the first end  86  to create an anode  92  and similarly a second conductive lead  94  is electrically connected to the N layer  22   b  and attached to the second end  88  to create an electrode  96 . One will understand that a layer of insulating material  98  may be attached to the case  84  to insulate the case  84  from the sheet  72 .  
         [0063]     As shown in  FIG. 8 , in another embodiment a plurality of sheets  72  are stacked upon or are adjacent to each other within the case  84 . In this embodiment the first end  86  of the case will come into contact with a P layer  22   a  of a sheet  80  to form the anode  92  and the second end  88  will come into contact with a N layer  22   b  of another sheet  72  to form the electrode  96 . In this embodiment, if an insulating layer is desired, conductive leads are used to connect the P layer  22   a  to the first end  86  of case  84  and to connect the N layer  22   b  to the second end  88  of case  84 .  
         [0064]     Other products that can be produced from this source of energy are: room temperature super conductors, super conducting cables/wires, resistance free polymers, infinitely formable power supplies, energy sources for: electronics, houses, cities, countries, automobiles and other forms of transportation.  
         [0065]     When in use the product life, whether a battery, or another product using the energy source disclosed above, is determined by the material(s) of the nuclear core  14 . Therefore, a manufacturer by selecting the nuclear core material has the ability to pre-select a time limit that a product will function. This is accomplished by first testing nuclear materials by carbon dating or the like to determine a half life for the materials to provide nuclear materials having known half lives. Then a nuclear material having a known half life is selected and used as a nuclear core  14  of a nuclear-cored battery  10 . Thus, once this nuclear core ceases to produce effective radioactive radiation the product will shut down.  
         [0066]     Another way of pre-selecting the time limit of a product that is produced from the above energy source is to attach a timing mechanism such as a timing circuit to the product that will terminate the operation of the product after a pre-selected occurrence. In one embodiment the timing mechanism is programmed to disable a product after a pre-selected period of time such as for example 10 years. In an alternative embodiment the timing mechanism disables a vehicle after a pre-selected amount of distance traveled by the vehicle. For example the timing mechanism could sense when a vehicle has driven 50,000 miles and disable the vehicle at that time.  
         [0067]     The reason for pre-selecting the life of a product using the energy source  12  is because when a radioactive core material is used, this energy source can have the potential of lasting for trillions of years. Thus, without pre-selecting the time of the life of a product, consumers will have no need to repurchase a product. Furthermore, many devices such as DVDs, personal electronics, and others that could use the energy source  12  involve technologies that are continually being improved. Thus, products having a pre-selected life will allow for the miniaturization of many electronics and the development of new technologies to ensure products remain up to date. Thus to ensure technology will continue to move forward, the products using the nuclear-cored battery energy source  12  will need to have a pre-selected product life.  
         [0068]     In an embodiment wherein a product uses a timing circuit to pre-select the time of the life of a nuclear cored product, this product will need to be recycled. The steps for recycling a nuclear-cored battery are shown in  FIG. 9 . Recycling of the nuclear-cored battery can be accomplished by first milling the battery to break it apart into smaller pieces, as represented in step  100 . Then the pieces undergo a thermal burn, such as in a kiln to melt away the P and N layer and the photovoltaic layer as shown in step  102 . Remaining after the thermal burn is the light dissipating material  17  that is either chemically treated with an acid to etch the ceramic within the light dissipating material  17  or physically treated with a circulating wash to remove any residual deposits or impurities on the light dissipating material such as excess carbon, as shown in step  104 . Thus, the light dissipating material  17  may then be reused in another application as shown in step  106 .  
         [0069]      FIG. 10  shows an improved thermal plasma spray gun  108  that is one example of one embodiment of thermal plasma spray gun  53  used during the manufacturing of the nuclear-cored battery  10 . The plasma spray gun  108  has a housing  109  with a plasma stream conduit  110  that extends from an inlet end  112  to a discharge end  114  having a discharge aperture  116 . Within the plasma stream conduit  110  is a discharge dielectric anode  118  and a discharge dielectric electrode  120 . In communication with the plasma stream conduit  110  are gas feed conduits  122  that extend through the housing  109  of the plasma spray gun  108  such that a single gas, or mixture of gasses, is exposed to the anode  118  and electrode  120  within the plasma stream conduit  110  to create a stream of plasma therein. Supply conduits  126  extend through the plasma spray gun  108  and are in communication with the discharge end  114  of the plasma stream conduit  110  to supply powdered metals or ceramics to the plasma stream to create a molten material.  
         [0070]     A voltage supply is electrically connected to the plasma stream conduit  110  to supply voltage to the conduit  110  to create an electrostatic discharge that will convert feed gases into a plasma stream. This voltage supply may be integrated as a circuit that is part of the plasma gun  108  or may be a voltage supply that is remotely located from the plasma gun  108   
         [0071]     The use of hydrogen, nitrogen, helium, and/or argon is used to produce the plasma stream. A hydrogen nitrogen combination will generate sufficient heat with the ability not to interact with the structure and alter the nuclear core with a layer of mixed ceramics introduced to the plasma spray gun  108 . A high-energy electrostatic discharge through the gas causes the plasma phase of the gas to be generated. The gas is then ejected from the plasma stream conduit  110  of the plasma spray gun  108 , and metallic or ceramic powders are introduced into the stream via the supply conduit  126  where the heat is transferred to the powders.  
         [0072]     The anode  118  and electrode  120  create an electrostatic discharge causing the formation of the plasma gas. During this electrostatic discharge high amounts of energy cause a pitting of the surfaces of the anode  118  and electrode  120 . To solve this problem the anode  118  and electrode  120  are milled to remove 2-20 mills and a dielectric material such as alumina is deposited onto the anode  118  and electrode  120  surfaces to create a dielectric barrier  128 , preventing the pitting from the discharge of the static field, thus increasing the efficiencies of the unit and allowing for a higher purity in the end product. This dielectric material may be applied to the anode  118  and electrode surfaces using a thermal plasma process to spray molten dielectric material onto the anode  118  and electrode  120 . Furthermore, in one embodiment the dielectric material may be doped with another material, such as for example, magnesium.  
         [0073]      FIG. 11  shows a reconfigured plasma spray system  130  that is an example of one of the embodiments of plasma spray system  60  that is used during the creation of the nuclear-cored battery. Specifically, this embodiment shows a reconfigured plasma system  130  that will more efficiently handle a liquid stream of material thus creating a wider spray area. By using this configuration the spray dry process may be eliminated from the processing.  
         [0074]     Specifically, the plasma spray system  130  of  FIG. 11  shows a plurality of smaller plasma jets  131  that are configured in a 3-12 inch diameter around a centrally located jet  132  that is a liquid generating device within a housing  133 . The jets  131  are one embodiment of the spray gun  108  shown in  FIG. 10  that generate a plasma stream by utilizing an anode  118  and electrode  120  in combination with gases from gas feed conduits  122  within a plasma stream conduit  110  having a inlet end  112  and discharge end  114 . Similarly, the centrally located jet  132  is also one embodiment of the spray gun  108  wherein a material powder, such as metallic powder is fed into the discharge end  114  of the plasma stream conduit  110  via supply conduit  126  so that molten, or liquid metal is discharged by the liquid generating device  132 . In one embodiment the centrally located jet  132  has a double annulus spray head that generates a stream of atomized liquid.  
         [0075]     The plurality of plasma spray jets  131  are positioned so that their plasma streams will intersect at a point  134  along the path of the atomized liquid and thus become part of the atomized liquid stream. With this system in place a smaller particle is produced and fewer steps are required to produce the same product.  
         [0076]      FIG. 12  shows a decomposition cell  136  that functions to cause the decomposition and production of materials in a discharge field. The decomposition cells  136  are placed in a conduit in order to break pollution down into its simplest components to minimize pollution. For example, in one embodiment, a decomposition cell  136  is placed in a smoke stack of a manufacturing facility to convert pollutants into environmental safe oxygen or carbon.  
         [0077]     The decomposition cell  136  of  FIG. 12  is manufactured by taking a first metal plate  138  such as copper and using a plasma gun  53  or  108  to spray a molten dielectric material such as alumina onto the metal plate  138  to create a first dielectric layer  140 . One will appreciate that by using the plasma spray gun  53  or  108  to spray the molten dielectric material on the metal plate  138 , an optimum contact area between the dielectric layer  140  and the plate  138  is achieved to create a more efficient decomposition cell  136 . Furthermore, by using the plasma spray gun  53  or  108 , magnesium oxide may be doped into the molten dielectric material such as alumina to further increase the efficiency of the decomposition cell  136 . Similarly, the molten dielectric material is then sprayed onto a second metal plate  142  to create a second dielectric layer  144 .  
         [0078]     Next the plates  138 ,  142  are placed in parallel spaced relation to create a discharge area  146  wherein air is able to flow through the cell  136 . Thus during a discharge process, when the two metal plates  138 ,  142  are electrically connected to a high voltage high frequency source  148  and when voltage is supplied to the two metal plates  138 ,  142  an electrostatic discharge  149  occurs in the discharge area  146 , thus decomposing pollutants flowing therethrough and filtering the air. One will appreciate that the high voltage high frequency source  148  may be supplied by a circuit that is part of the decomposition cell  136  or a by a voltage source remote to the cell  136 .  
         [0079]     As best shown in  FIG. 13 , a plurality of decomposition cells  136  are placed together to form a decomposition unit  150 . The decomposition unit  150  of  FIG. 13  has a honeycomb configuration of decomposition cells  136  that extend between first and second side walls  152 ,  154  thus creating a plurality of discharge areas  146  that can be separated by an insulating material  156 . Because of the plurality of discharge areas  146  in combination with the honeycomb configuration of the unit  150  the surface area of the discharge area  146  within the decomposition unit  150  increases, thus causing more pollutants to be decomposed as the pollutants flow through the decomposition unit  150 .  
         [0080]     In one embodiment shown in  FIG. 14 , the decomposition cell  136  is used primarily to convert O 2  to O 3 . In this embodiment the decomposition cell  136  is referred to as a fuel saver  157 . The fuel saver  157  specifically is created by taking a rolled copper body  158  and thermally applying an alumina matrix  160  thereto. One will understand that by thermally applying the alumina to the rolled copper the surface area between the copper and alumina is increased while minimizing the gap between the copper and alumina matrix. Additionally, the alumina is doped with magnesium oxide to change the oxygen state in the final product from an O 3  thus yielding a higher output during the discharge process. Because O 3  has more chemical bonds than O 2 , O 3  burns much more intensely than O 2 . Thus a fuel saver is used in an engine to convert O 2  to O 3  within the engine to provide an improved fuel system that creates optimum gas mileage for the engine.  
         [0081]     It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that other various modifications could be made to the device without the parting from the spirit in scope of this invention. All such modifications and changes fall within the scope of the claims and are intended to be covered thereby.