Abstract:
Photoelectric Meter for Stamps Perforations made up of two rows of photoreceptor cells conveniently connected to printed circuits endowed with a CICounter, a CIConverter and a Display, integrated within a single unit. This device allows measuring the horizontal as well as the vertical perforation of any stamp as well as the number of perforations and/or their variation in the superficial element to be measured, discriminating the type of perforation, of foot, of line, etc.

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application claims priority to Spanish Application No. P201100966, filed on Aug. 31, 2011, which is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference. 
     BACKGROUND 
     In the world of philately a frequent problem is the identification of the perforations on a stamp, the number of perforation along the two centimeters at the sides, sometimes with a difference between the vertical and the horizontal sides (as they can be different); this operation usually made over an important number of stamps is carried out by means of a number of rulers graduated to such purpose, a perforation gauge, that compares the horizontal (and vertical) sides with the most similar scale of the gauge, and by application of a repetition pattern finds a coincident scale, that would indicated the value perforated. It is a slow and burdensome and not very well defined procedure especially when dealing with a certain range of scales, in such a way that perforations of the order of 11, 111/4, 111/2, 113/4, turn out to be very difficult to differentiate up to the extent that there are catalogues of stamps that only distinguish up to half of the perforation points. There are other measuring instruments such as the digital perforation gauge which is difficult to handle as requires a digitized image of the stamp; or the electronic perforation gauge, also based on photographic procedures, which is extremely expensive. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  depicts an example of a view in perspective of a Photoelectric Meter. 
         FIG. 2  depicts an example of a view in perspective of a Photoelectric Meter. 
         FIG. 3  depicts an example of a view in perspective of a Photoelectric Meter. 
         FIG. 4  depicts an example of a view in perspective of a Photoelectric Meter. 
         FIG. 5  depicts and example of a Photoelectric Meter. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     To solve this problem we provide a postage stamp edge perforation photoelectric meter to measure perforations along the edges of a postage stamp (not shown), which essentially is based on the capacity of specific materials to react before the presence of light with the emission of electrons. Obviously, this same characteristic of the materials would allow us to also detect the absence of light. Since this process, which involves a discharge of electrons, may be measured and quantified, the photoelectric meter of perforations would take care of the measuring process. This process may be understood as a phenomenon where with the interposition of a screen with holes (i.e., the stamp being measured) the passage of light generates areas of light alternated with dark areas, where originally there were only areas of light. In the photoelectric meter the location of the photoreceptors in a continuous line two centimeters long, allows to interpret the semi-dark phases as the number of photoreceptors in ON (or OF) position, depending on the light received (more or less); the connection of each line of photoreceptors with a Circuit Integrated Meter (integrated circuit meter) or counter allows to quantify the phenomenon and the Circuit Integrated Converter (integrated circuit converter) or converter, connected with the former introduces the binary data corresponding to the number of photoreceptors in ON position (the difference with the total of each line would give us the number of photoreceptors in OFF), sending the information already standardized to a Display. 
     The arrangement of the photoreceptors in two lines with a single point of contact between both and forming an angle of ninety degrees allows, by duplicating the circuit, to obtain simultaneously the measure of the horizontal and the vertical perforations on the horizontal and vertical edges of the stamp. 
     The photoelectric meter of postage stamp perforations will be now described by using an example and making reference to the attached drawings: 
       FIG. 1  represents an overall view in perspective of the photoelectric meter for postage stamp perforations  10 .  FIGS. 2 ,  3  and  4  show the vertical areas seen from the most external face  11  with a wall or lip  12  ( FIG. 2 ), a base  7  to support the stamp (not shown) showing the symmetric L of the transparent material  71  (or any other opening) that may allow the passage of light ( FIG. 4 ), and a reflecting element  13  (shown in dashed lines) positioned behind lip  12  and facing transparent material  71  ( FIG. 3 ). Lip  12  may extend apart from base  7  by two millimeters and supports reflecting element  13  ( FIG. 3 ), with an L-shape symmetrical to and facing the L-shape of the transparent material  71 . The separation of lip  12  from base  7  is provided by a partition or wall  8  of perimeter contour which is shown in  FIG. 1 . 
     In operation, the stamp is placed over the base  7  represented by  FIG. 4 , keeping its horizontal and vertical sides in contact with the small perimeter wall  8 , which will place the lower left corner of the stamp over the L-shaped window  71 . Square lip  12 , with the corresponding perimeter wall  8  closing makes a closed volume from where the light generated by the light transmitter ( FIG. 5 , element  5 ) is projected. Reflecting element  13  will be placed on the internal face of the lip  12  to facilitate the concentration of light towards the L-shaped window  71 . The light goes through and is directed towards the transparent window  71  of the section represented by  FIG. 4  behind which the lines of photoreceptors cells  1  are located. The stamp placed between the sections of  FIGS. 3 and 4  prevents the light from going through allowing only the passage of light to the free spaces left by the empty perforations, overshadowing the rest. This new pre-distribution of light goes through the second transparent window in L  71  which is located in the section of  FIG. 4  to impact on the two lines of photoreceptors  1 , thus initiating the information processing that ends with the projection of the results on the corresponding screens  4  located in the right lower part of  FIG. 5 . 
       FIG. 5  shows the photoelectric meter for stamp perforations  10  as a whole, basically consisting of two simple and identical plates of printed circuit made up by a Line of Photoreceptors  1 , a Counter  2 , a Converter  3  and finally a Screen  4 ; the several elements are connected in line and by this same order. Both plates will be conveniently embedded within the arrangement that will also be endowed with a simple light generator  5 , a standard battery  6  and the elements required for an appropriate connection. 
     The light generating system may be practically of any kind although we propose a LED for its low consumption and durability. The line of photoreceptors  1  of two centimeters of length in total should preferably be made of square cells of half a millimeter by side and endowed with isolation capsules. This layout will guarantee sufficient sensibility for the perception of the smallest perforations in the market (the highest numbers being 17-18). The first counter will report the number of cells charged which will alternate with the same number of discharged cells. The second counter will translate—using a simple table of standardized lineal conversion—this information into a single figure, for example 14, that will appear on the information screen. Simultaneously the reading of the vertical side will take place, which will also be shown on its corresponding screen  4 .