Abstract:
The present invention relates to an apparatus for maximizing the blockage of fluid borne solid materials from passage through a catch basin into the downstream parts of a fluid flow channel, with minimum impact on the volume and rate of fluid passing through the channel. The apparatus comprises at least one filter sheet secured within the catch basin at a location above and covering a large proportion of the floor of the catch basin, an overflow wall separating the filter area from an unfiltered overflow area, and a diverter for directing incoming trash away from the overflow area and to the filter side of the overflow wall. Although the apparatus covers a large area within the catch basin, the overflow wall, overflow area, and clearance between the filter sheet(s) and the floor provide sufficient space for fluid and excess trash to pass in the event the capacity of the apparatus for holding them is exceeded. Preferably, the apparatus also has a drain-access hole through the filter sheet(s) and a movable hole cover located appropriately to facilitate access to the catch basin drain.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS  
       [0001]     This application is derived from U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/500,842, filed Sep. 4, 2003, and claims priority based upon the filing date of said Provisional Application. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
       [0002]     The present invention relates to an apparatus for installation into a drainage catch basin or similar structure (referred to herein simply as catch basin) for blocking the passage of solid materials that enter the catch basin while permitting the passage of fluid into the downstream elements of the drainage system, such as a drainage pipe or other channel. More particularly, the present invention relates to such an apparatus that also permits the overflow of fluid and excess accumulation of solid materials under circumstances wherein the flow of fluid and possibly additional solid materials into the catch basin exceeds the capacity of the apparatus.  
         [0003]     As used in this specification, “solid material” means any item of natural or man-made solid material, including any comprised of trash, debris, vegetation, one or more sticks, one or more rocks, all or part of an animal, or any combination thereof, that is larger than a predetermined maximum size. Such solid material is also referred to herein singly and plurally simply as “trash.” The predetermined maximum size of solid material that will be permitted to pass through an aperture is often based on use of a hypothetical model of the solid material. The hypothetical model typically is a spherical shape that is rigid (neither elastic nor flexible). Of course, many forms of solid material are not spherical in shape or are not rigid; and those solid materials can sometimes pass through an aperture that is smaller than the solid material&#39;s maximum dimension, which may be due to the solid material&#39;s orientation upon reaching the aperture or to its compressibility or flexibility. Thus, an aperture that is intended to block solid materials of a predetermined maximum size should not be expected to stop all solid materials that are equal to or larger than that size.  
         [0004]     Fluid flow channels, particularly drainage channels, often include a catch basin. The catch basin is typically located near the channel&#39;s beginning point; that is, near the point at which fluid first enters the channel system. However, catch basins may be located anywhere in the channel system that is deemed appropriate by the owner and/or designer of said system.  
         [0005]     As used in this specification, “fluid” means any fluid, or combination of fluids, that is normally or reasonably expected to enter the catch basin in which the apparatus is installed.  
         [0006]     Solid materials tend to be moved by fluid and thereby enter into drainage channels, which channels then collect or direct the flow of the fluid. It is generally desirable to minimize the amount of solid materials in the channel that are too large for the channel to move throughout its length during light, moderate, or, in some cases, even maximum flow periods. It is also desirable to minimize the amount of solid materials that pass through the channel and are large enough to create an environmental, aesthetic, health, or other problem at the discharge end of the channel. On the other hand, it is desirable for channels to be available for receiving and moving large amounts of fluid during heavy flow periods. The need for these desirable features is particularly apparent when considered in the context of a street or highway storm drain system.  
         [0007]     Streets and highways frequently have curb inlets or surface grates that permit fluid and trash to enter the catch basin, where the trash can thereafter pass into their extended drainage systems, which are typically intended to carry the fluid and, to the extent practical, the trash to an outfall, treatment facility, or other termination or intermediate point. When the trash enters into the extended drainage system, it tends to become lodged and to block or retard all or a significant part of the fluid volume, ultimately causing the incoming fluid to accumulate in and ultimately flood the street or highway. In order to minimize such occurrences of flooding, it is necessary to expend considerable effort and cost to remove the lodged trash from the downstream portions of the drainage system. Therefore, it is desirable to minimize the volume of trash that is permitted to pass through the catch basin, in order to reduce the frequency needed for cleaning such materials out of the drainage system.  
         [0008]     It may be observed that most curb inlets and surface grates have no effective means for blocking the entry of trash. Even if they do, the blocking mechanism may permit the passage of trash into the catch basin during heavy-flow conditions. There have been ideas put forward that involve installation of catch basin filtering devices. But typically those devices cover a relatively small area within the catch basin and have a relatively small capacity for retaining trash before they overflow (along with any incoming trash). The overflowing trash then is able to collect at the entrance to the catch basin drain pipe and (if not stopped at the pipe entrance) in downstream portions of the drainage system, thus congesting the flow of fluid into and through the drainage system.  
         [0009]     Presumably, the existing devices have been made as large as was deemed possible to also meet requirements such as cleanability (generally by providing a means for manually removing the device for cleaning out the accumulated trash) and minimal interference with the entering flow of fluid. Also, those devices may require that some portion of them be placed in or be accessible through the inlet to the catch basin, either for purposes of, for example, operation of the filter device or removal of the device when it becomes filled or congested by trash.  
         [0010]     Thus, the existing (generally small capacity) catch basin trash filters have not been able to fully resolve the problems of retaining large amounts of trash, avoiding significant interference with the volume of fluid flowing into the drainage system, and maintaining an unobstructed catch basin inlet opening for possible installation therein of other trash impeding devices. Very little protection is afforded by the existing catch basin filters against trash clogging the drainage system during incidents of large amounts of fluid (and trash carried with the fluid) entering the catch basin. (See, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 5,232,587, issued to Hegemier, et al. on Aug. 3, 1993; and, U.S. Pat. No. 5,643,445, issued to Billias, et al. on Jul. 1, 1997.)  
         [0011]     The present invention provides advantages not afforded by the relevant prior art and does so in a manner that appears both unanticipated by and inconsistent with suggestions in the relevant prior art.  
       SUMMARY OF INVENTION  
       [0012]     The present invention relates to an apparatus for preventing the passage of solid materials larger than a predetermined acceptable size through a catch basin that forms part of a fluid drainage system. (Such oversized materials are also referred to herein as “trash,” and are further described in the BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION section.) Said catch basin typically has inner walls, a floor, a ceiling, an inlet opening, and a drain opening. The invention also relates to the configuration of the apparatus within the catch basin. The apparatus includes at least one support for securing the apparatus to at least one inner wall; at least one bottom filter sheet (filter sheet) having a plurality of apertures through it; at least one overflow wall located between the at least one filter sheet and an overflow area; and, at least one diverter located and oriented for diverting at least some inflowing fluid-borne trash away from the overflow area and toward the at least one filter sheet. The one or more filter sheets cover all or a substantial proportion of the floor area that is not within the overflow area, and are located above the floor a sufficient amount to provide clearance for fluid to flow along the floor and into the drain opening. The overflow wall has a top, a bottom, a filter-side surface, and an overflow-side surface. The bottom of the overflow wall is connected or proximate to at least one filter sheet, with the filter-side surface facing generally toward the portion of the catch basin containing at least one of the filter sheets and the overflow-side surface facing generally toward the overflow area. The overflow wall is located and oriented to permit fluid from the filter side to flow over the overflow wall into the overflow area when the capacity of the apparatus to hold unfiltered fluid is exceeded (which capacity can vary with the accumulation of trash).  
         [0013]     The present invention also relates to all embodiments of such an apparatus.  
         [0014]     An object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus that minimizes the volume of trash that is permitted to pass through a catch basin  
         [0015]     Another object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus that has the capacity to retain a large amount of trash with minimum reduction in the volume of fluid passing into the drainage system.  
         [0016]     Another object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus that facilitates cleaning and maintenance by supporting the weight of maintenance personnel when they enter a catch basin for such purposes.  
         [0017]     Another object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus that does not require any obstruction within a curb inlet opening, so that said curb inlet opening is left available for installation of other trash impeding devices.  
         [0018]     Another object of the present invention is to minimize the frequency needed for cleaning trash out of the portions of the drainage system downstream of a catch basin.  
         [0019]     Another object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus for performing the functions described or shown herein that can be made of strong and durable materials.  
         [0020]     Another object of the present invention is to provide such an apparatus that is simple and economical to make, transport, and install.  
         [0021]     Another object of the present invention is to provide such an apparatus that can be installed using readily-available and effective means for connecting it to the catch basin and for connecting its components to one another.  
         [0022]     Another object of the present invention is to provide such an apparatus that is sufficiently adaptable for installation into many different types of catch basins and similar environments.  
         [0023]     Another object of the present invention is to provide such an apparatus that has the capability of adding or subtracting components or being combined with other such apparatuses to suit differing installation requirements.  
         [0024]     Another object of the present invention is to provide such an apparatus that, where necessary or convenient, can be brought to the installation site in parts for insertion into and assembly within the catch basin. 
     
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0025]     The present invention will be more clearly understood by reference to this specification in view of the accompanying drawings, in which:  
         [0026]      FIG. 1  is a perspective view of a preferred embodiment of the invention apparatus, which embodiment is adapted for attachment to the inner walls of a street storm-water catch basin having a curb inlet opening and a left-located drain opening, as seen prior to the invention&#39;s installation.  
         [0027]      FIG. 2  is a perspective view of a catch basin in which the embodiment seen in  FIG. 1  is installed, showing only the part of the apparatus that is visible from this view, said part being the diverter (a portion of it visible through the curb inlet opening), and showing a manhole cover that is located directly above the catch basin&#39;s drain opening.  
         [0028]      FIG. 3  is a top view of the embodiment in  FIG. 1  after it has been installed, as seen through horizontal cross-sectional cut  1 - 1 .  
         [0029]      FIG. 4  is a back view of the embodiment in  FIG. 1  after it has been installed, as seen through vertical cross-sectional cut  11 - 11 .  
         [0030]      FIG. 5  is a left side view of the embodiment in  FIG. 1  after it has been installed, as seen through vertical cross-sectional cut  111 - 111 .  
         [0031]      FIG. 6  is a close up top view of a portion of the embodiment in  FIG. 1  after it has been installed, as seen through horizontal cross-sectional cut  1 - 1 , showing the filter hole cover in an open position.  
         [0032]      FIG. 7  is a perspective view of a second preferred embodiment of the invention apparatus, which embodiment is adapted for attachment to the inner walls of a catch basin having a curb inlet opening and center-located drain opening, as seen prior to the invention&#39;s installation.  
         [0033]      FIG. 8  is a perspective view of a catch basin in which the preferred embodiment seen in  FIG. 7  is installed, showing only the part of the apparatus that is visible from this view, said part being the diverter (a portion of it visible through the curb inlet opening), and showing a manhole directly above the location of the catch basin&#39;s drain pipe opening.  
         [0034]      FIG. 9  is a back view of the embodiment in  FIG. 7  after it has been installed, as seen through vertical cross-sectional cut IV-IV.  
         [0035]      FIG. 10  is a perspective view of a third preferred embodiment of the invention apparatus, which embodiment is adapted for attachment to the inner walls of a catch basin having a top inlet opening and a left-located drain pipe opening, as seen prior to the invention&#39;s installation.  
         [0036]      FIG. 11  is a perspective view of a catch basin in which the preferred embodiment seen in  FIG. 10  is installed, showing only the part of the apparatus that is visible in this view, said part being the diverter (a portion of it is visible through the top inlet opening, with the surface grate that normally covers the opening lifted above its normal position), and showing the top inlet opening being large enough to eliminate the need for a manhole.  
         [0037]      FIG. 12  is a left side view of the embodiment in  FIG. 10  after it has been installed, as seen through vertical cross-sectional cut V-V. (Note that “left” is defined herein to be left when viewing from the center of the street.) 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
       [0038]     As used throughout this specification, unless expressly stated otherwise, the following terms have the definitions referred to or specified in this paragraph. The term “apparatus” is used as a generic term meaning any physical embodiment of the present invention. The term “embodiment” means embodiment of the apparatus. The term “trash” has the meaning given to it in the BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION section, with the predetermined size being whatever size of trash the user of the apparatus wishes to prevent from passing to the downstream side of the installed apparatus (with due consideration to the fact that some trash that is non-rigid or that has a dimension smaller than the predetermined size might not be blocked). The term “the user” includes any person or organization having responsibility for making a decision on behalf of a current or prospective user of the apparatus, with regard to the particular issue presented herein for consideration by the user. The term “fluid” has the definition set forth in the BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION section. The terms “left” and “right” are intended to mean such directions as viewed from the center of the street along a direction perpendicular to the direction of the street. The term “front,” when referring to any part of an object, means the part of the object that is closer to the center of the street, and the term “back” means the part of the object that is farther from the center of the street. The terms “vertical” and “horizontal” are intended to include directions that are substantially vertical and substantially horizontal, respectively. The term “described or shown” is intended to include “described and shown.” References to “herein” include the drawings as well as the other sections of this specification.  
         [0039]     Referring to the drawings,  FIGS. 1-6  show a first preferred embodiment, referred to herein as a left-drain filter  1 , as it would appear in an installation configuration but (as illustrated in  FIG. 1 ) without being installed in any catch basin and (as illustrated in  FIGS. 2-6 ) after being installed into a left-drain catch basin  2 . The left-drain filter  1  is configured for installation into the left-drain catch basin  2 , which has a floor  3  and a drain opening  4  in the left portion of the floor  3 . The left-drain catch basin  2  is designed for fluid to enter through a curb-inlet opening  5  and to exit through the drain opening  4  located in the left portion of the catch basin.  
         [0040]      FIGS. 7-9  show a second preferred embodiment, referred to herein as a center-drain filter  6 , as it would appear in its installation configuration but (as illustrated in  FIG. 7 ) without being installed in any catch basin and (as illustrated in  FIGS. 8-9 ) after being installed into a center-drain catch basin  7 . The center-drain filter  6  is configured for installation into the center-drain catch basin  7 , which is designed for fluid to enter through the curb-inlet opening  5  and to exit through its drain opening  4  located in the central portion of the catch basin.  
         [0041]     And,  FIGS. 10-12  show a third preferred embodiment, referred to herein as a top-inlet filter  8 , as it would appear in its installation configuration but (as illustrated in  FIG. 10 ) without being installed in any catch basin and (as illustrated in  FIGS. 11-12 ) after being installed into a top-inlet catch basin  9 . The top-inlet filter  8  is configured for installation into the top-inlet catch basin  9 , which is designed for fluid to enter through a top-inlet opening  10  and to exit through its drain opening  4  located, in this embodiment, in the back portion of the catch basin.  
         [0042]     In  FIGS. 2-6 ,  8 - 9 , and  11 - 12 , the installation environment is shown as comprising a street  11  connected to an inlet apron  12  and a gutter  13 , with a curb  14  connecting the gutter to a sidewalk  15  supported on an earthen foundation  16 . The inlet apron  12  shown in  FIGS. 11-12  is part of the catch basin, whereas the inlet apron  12  can, alternatively, be a separate piece as shown in  FIGS. 2-6  and  8 - 9 . However, all inlet aprons  12  shown in the accompanying figures receive fluid (and any trash carried with the fluid) from the street and the gutter, and direct the fluid (and trash) into the catch basin by sloping downwardly toward the catch basin inlet opening.  
         [0043]     Although the apparatus can be adapted to accommodate catch basins with a different number of inner walls, each catch basin shown in the accompanying figures has four inner walls  17 . The apparatus is shown installed in each of those catch basins by using angle-iron supports  18  with support bolts  19  passing through bolt holes  20  in a flange of the support  18  and into anchors  21  that have been placed in three of the inner walls  17  of each catch basin. (It should be understood that, although the support bolts  19  and anchors  21  are shown only in  FIG. 6 , support bolt  19  and anchor  21  combinations are located approximately equally spaced apart along the flange of each installed support  18  that is in direct contact with an inner wall  17 . Locations intended for said support bolt  19  and anchor  21  combinations are shown in the accompanying figures simply by showing the locations of the bolt holes  20  where practical to do so on the scale of those figures. Due to the large quantity of them, only a few of the locations of the bolt holes  20  are identified by reference number. It is believed that those skilled in the art understand or can readily determine the appropriate number and locations for the bolts and their anchors, and the size and other characteristics of them, for securing supports within a catch basin.)  
         [0044]     Filter sheets  22  can then rest upon the supports (or, preferably, be secured by any conventional means such as screwing the filter sheets  22  into the supports  18 ), preferably with the plane of each filter sheet  22  located at a predetermined appropriate level above the floor  3  and oriented substantially parallel to the part of the floor  3  that is directly beneath the filter sheet  22 . The appropriate level preferably provides at least enough clearance to permit a sufficient volume of fluid to flow along the floor  3  into the drain opening  4  to match the capacity of the drain opening  4 . The capacity of the drain opening  4  is limited by such things as its size and the characteristics of the drain pipe  23  being used. The appropriate level also can be based on other criteria as desired by the user. Such other criteria may include factoring in the volume and quantity of trash that is likely to overflow and pass with the fluid into the space between the floor  3  and the one or more filter sheets  22 . Of course, any conventional means may be used for supporting and securing the filter sheets  22  in their positions.  
         [0045]     As best seen in  FIGS. 1, 3 ,  4 - 7 , &amp;  10 , the filter sheets  22  have a plurality of apertures  24  through them, so that fluid will pass through while trash will be retained for subsequent removal. (Note that due to the large quantity of them, only a few of the apertures  24  shown in the accompanying figures are identified by reference number. And, of course, the apertures  24  are to be distinguished from the circles shown on the supports  18 , which only illustrate that the support bolts  19  are located and preferably equally spaced apart along the vertical flange of the supports  18 .) The size and shape, pattern, combination, and other selectable features for the apertures  24  are contemplated by the present invention as being optional to the user, depending on the particular results he or she may desire. It is believed, however, that apertures  24  ranging in size (measured as the smallest dimension across the opening) from {fraction (1/4)} inch to 1½ inches work well for blocking the passage of trash into municipal street storm-water catch basins. Of course, larger or smaller apertures, or combinations of apertures, may be used without departing from the present invention.  
         [0046]      FIG. 1  shows an overflow wall  25  and a curb-inlet diverter  26 . As shown, the curb-inlet diverter  26  comprises two sheets secured together at right angles (by, for example, using screws to secure one edge of one sheet to one flange on a section of angle iron and to secure one edge of the other sheet to the other flange). When installed into the left-drain catch basin  2 , The curb-inlet diverter  26  is oriented to form a channel that diverts incoming fluid and trash to the filter side of the overflow wall  25  (which is the side opposite the overflow area  28 ). As seen in  FIG. 2 , the curb-inlet diverter  26  is located against the inner wall  17  on the front side of the left-drain catch basin  2 , generally by securing it in a manner similar to the one used for securing the filter sheets. And, the curb-inlet diverter  26  is the only part of the left-drain filter  1  that might easily be seen from the street  11 . The preferable location for the curb-inlet diverter  26  is at or near the upstream end of the catch basin. Also, as is shown by a close look at  FIGS. 1-2 ,  4 , &amp;  7 - 9 , the curb-inlet diverter  26  is sloped slightly downwardly as it extends toward the filter side of the overflow wall  25 , which helps keep the diverter clear of accumulated trash. Of course, the degree of the slope can, in other embodiments, vary depending on anticipated flow conditions and other criteria, as desired by the user. Note further, that the overflow wall  25  and the curb-inlet diverter  26  are preferably made of the same material as the filter sheets are made of, with apertures, so that the filtering process can occur at the diverter and overflow wall as well as at the filter sheets. Again, however, other embodiments may utilize other materials for construction of the overflow wall and/or the diverter without departing from the present invention.  
         [0047]      FIG. 3  looks down through sectional cut l-l, which is a substantially horizontal cut immediately below the inside ceiling  27  of the left-drain catch basin  2 . In  FIG. 3 , the curb-inlet diverter  26  is seen as being secured to the inner walls  17  on the front and right sides of the left-drain catch basin  2 . The space between the overflow wall  25  and the inner wall  17  on the right side of the catch basin forms an overflow area  28 , into which fluid and trash can overflow from the filter side of the overflow wall  25  when the capacity of the filter is exceeded. Under those circumstances, as seen in  FIGS. 4, 5 ,  9 , and  12 , overflowing fluid and trash is able to flow along the floor  3  beneath the filter sheets  22  and enter the drain pipe  23 .  
         [0048]      FIG. 3  also illustrates the large area coverage of the filter sheets  22 , which, preferably, form a snug fit to the inner walls  17  on the front, left, and back sides of the catch basin. In this embodiment the filter sheets  22  are bounded by the three inner walls  17  and the overflow wall  25  and preferably cover approximately 80 percent of the floor  3 , thereby providing a very large filtering and holding capacity. Although no top view of the other embodiments, which are the subjects of  FIGS. 7-12 , is shown,  FIG. 3  is illustrative of the capacity the other embodiments provide by also having filter sheets  22  fully cover the floor area on the filter side of the overflow wall  25 . Of course, additional embodiments not specifically described or shown herein may cover different proportions of the floor area without departing from the present invention.  
         [0049]      FIG. 3  also shows a filter hole cover  29  in its closed position, which filter hole cover  29  has a pivot bolt  30  and a handle  31  to facilitate rotation of the filter hole cover  29  into its open position to expose a filter hole  32 , as illustrated in  FIG. 6 . Preferably, the filter hole  32  is directly above the drain opening  4 , where the drain pipe  23  commences. An embodiment having the filter hole  32  and the filter hole cover  29  is preferable to an embodiment not having them, since the drain pipe  23  must occasionally be accessed and cleaned. To do this, maintenance personnel generally must gain access to the drain pipe  23  by removing the manhole cover  33  and introducing clean out equipment into the catch basin through the manhole  34 . If there is a filter hole  32  and filter hole cover  29 , maintenance personnel can easily access the drain pipe  23  by moving the filter hole cover  29  to an open position, whereas they would otherwise generally need to move an entire filter sheet  22 . Preferably the filter hole  32  and the manhole  34  are located directly above the drain opening  4 . Although, the other embodiments described or shown herein also have filter holes  32  covered by filter hole covers  29 , additional embodiments may have multiple filter holes or no filter hole at all, or may have the filter hole(s) located elsewhere within the catch basin, have no filter hole cover, or have any combination thereof, without departing from the present invention.  
         [0050]     As seen in  FIGS. 7-9 , the center-drain filter  6  is quite similar to the left-drain filter  1 . The difference lies in the fact that the center-drain filter  6  is adapted for installation into the center-drain catch basin  7  rather than the left-drain catch basin  2 . For such adaptation, the center-drain filter  6  has its lowest point located over the centrally located drain opening  4 , with one or more filter sheets  22  added on the left side of the drain opening  4 . Preferably, the added filter sheets slope upward, substantially parallel to the slope of the floor  3 , until they reach the inner wall  17  at the left end of the center-drain catch basin  7 .  
         [0051]     The top-inlet filter  8 , as shown in  FIGS. 10 and 12 , has a top-inlet diverter  35  rather than a curb-inlet diverter  26 . The top-inlet diverter  35  preferably extends from the inner wall  17  at the front of the top-inlet catch basin  9 , inwardly into the top-inlet catch basin  9  while downsloping modestly to end at a point on the filter side of the overflow wall  25 . (A 2 percent to 20 percent downslope is believed preferable, but the present invention encompasses milder and steeper downslopes that may be deemed more suitable by the user.) Preferably, the top-inlet diverter  35  also extends laterally to cover the entire overflow area  28 , with the top-inlet diverter  35  reaching several inches beyond the overflow wall  25  to help assure trash is not allowed to directly enter the overflow area  28 . The top-inlet diverter  35  also is shown as being separated vertically from the top of the overflow wall  25  to provide sufficient space between the top-inlet diverter  35  and the overflow wall  25  for fluid and trash to overflow the top-inlet filter  8  via the overflow wall  25  without significant impediment by the top-inlet diverter  35 .  
         [0052]     Like the curb-inlet diverter  26 , the top-inlet diverter  35  works to divert incoming trash away from the overflow area  28  to the filter side of the overflow wall  25 . Also, the top-inlet diverter  35  preferably is made using the same material, with apertures, as is used for making the filter sheets  22 , so that the filtering process begins as the entering fluid and trash impact the top-inlet diverter  35 . (The same preference for use of material with apertures applies to the overflow wall and the diverter in other embodiments. For example, this preference is discussed and applied above with respect to the left-drain filter  1 , shown in  FIGS. 1-6 , and is also intended to apply to the center-drain filter  6 , shown in  FIGS. 7-9 .)  
         [0053]     As shown in  FIGS. 11 and 12 , a large surface grate  36  can be located in the top-inlet opening  10 , within the street environment, to facilitate handling large volumes of fluid and to allow access by maintenance personnel into the top-inlet catch basin  9  without need for a manhole.  
         [0054]     The supports  18 , filter sheets  22 , the other parts of the apparatus, and the means for connecting them together and securing them to the inner walls  17  are, preferably, made of hot dipped galvanized steel, although they can be made of any other conventional material that is strong and durable in the presence of the fluids reasonably expected to pass through the catch basin in which they are installed, with due consideration to the potential for corrosion and/or electrolysis particularly when using more than one type of metal in the construction of the apparatus. Such other conventional materials include stainless steel, aluminum, plastics, carbon fibers, and composites. The means for connecting the parts of the apparatus to one another or to the catch basin can be any conventional connecting means such as, without limitation, bolts, screws, welds, clamps, and/or adhesives.  
         [0055]     The supports  18  shown herein as angle irons may be installed with the vertical side of the angle iron pointed up or down. The accompanying figures show the vertical side pointing up on the supports  18  used to support the filter sheets  22 . Nevertheless, an alternative embodiment with the vertical side of the supports  18  pointing down would appear preferable in order to cause less interference between the support bolts  19  and the filter sheets  22 . (A sample of this alternative orientation of the vertical side of the supports is found in the curb-inlet diverter  26  shown in FIGS.  1 ,  3 - 5 ,  7  &amp;  9 , which has the vertical side of the supports  18  pointing down.)  
         [0056]     Of course, catch basins may have designs with such things as their size, shape, and/or orientation, or the location, number, and/or size of their inlet openings or drain openings being different from any of those described or shown herein. It should be understood, however, that the present invention contemplates and includes all conventional adjustments in the embodiments described or shown herein (including such adjustments in the size, orientation, proportions, and relative positioning of parts) made to accommodate those differences in catch basin designs. For example, an alternative catch basin design may provide a shelf, ledge, or groove, or combination thereof, built into one or more of its inner walls as a resting place for the supports or even for the filter sheets without supports. An embodiment adapted for installation in such a catch basin design could be made with reduced, or without any, use of other means (such as the support bolt/anchor combinations) for securing the supports and/or filter sheets, without departing from the present invention.  
         [0057]     It is to be understood that the invention claimed is not limited to the embodiments described or shown herein, but encompasses any and all embodiments within the scope of the claims and is limited only by such claims.