Abstract:
Four hundred twenty one NIPPON TUNSI Cognates (NTC), are delineated in this auspicious sui generis discovery. One hundred seven root verbs, one hundred seven different root adjectives, as well as two hundred seven separate root nouns, conjunctions, particles etc, are presented in Tunsi and Japanese (Hiragana and Katagana) including an English translation and a Romanized transcription for each Japanese word. The Sumerian alternation, and the Cassidy Code with its trilogy (apocope, alternations, and reverse) will suffice to bridge and reconcile the Regular Differences (RD) between the Tunsi and the Japanese vocabularies. Another brought forward proof that MT is adumbrated in all languages of our planet. This LRC divulges a simple average of one twenty four (1.24) RD, or Degree Of Separation (DOS) in four hundred twenty one NTC. This research reveals that there is one and only language family. Mother tongue is the proto language, and all others are its various languages

Description:
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       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0004]    Language Origins Research, LOR, and Long Range Comparison, LRC, of languages, are the invention fields. I speak fluently one of the Hamitic Languages, (Tunsi), as well as, at least one Semitic (Arabic) language. I have mastered, since my childhood in Tunis, the two of them. My college studies were about international business. I graduated at the Business School of Lausanne, Switzerland. During thirty some years I practiced diverse kinds of businesses (banking, bartering, industrial, and manufacturing). However, since the age of four, while speaking, exclusively, Tunsi at home, learning Arabic writing in Coranic school, French language in elementary school, and English in high school, I have been amazed by the differences between the alphabets, the missing twelve Basic Guttural Consonants, BGC, in the French, and the ten lacking BGC in English. Long time after, during a business trip to Finland I was fascinated by the twelve consonant Suomi (Finnish) language, and its peculiar modus of plural (Sami, pl. Suomi). It is also an agglutinative language with the same plural process, as in Tunsi. The missing BGC, and the peculiar plural became an issue of acute importance to me. 
         [0005]    At the age of fifty eight, I deliberately retired to spend seventy eight months at Indiana University (Bloomington) where I passed a Philosophical Doctorate in The Uralic Studies, with two minors in Suomi (Finnish) studies, and in “Paganism and Islam in Central Asia”. My Master dissertation was about: “An Etymological Grouping of the Finnish Words Participating in the Quantitative Gradation: PP&gt;P”. And My Ph.D. dissertation treated The “Historical Layers of The Selkup Vocabulary”. The Selkup/Shelghum language is part of the Uralic languages, and still spoken by the Selkup people along the Taz river and the Arctic Circle, in Siberia, where a year is a day, half of it light, and the other half night. During my stay in Indiana, I mastered the common connections between eleven Uralic languages, and the methodology of their cognations researches. 
         [0006]    During the Paris workshop (1997), (see Annex II), Dr G. Décsy underpinned the following:
       “a) Humans lived less than 1% (one percent) of their phylogenetic history with languages (i.e. 35,000 years out 5 millions years). b) Monogenesis is correct with regard to the sound production. All languages of the world produce vowels/consonants in the same way. c) Polygenesis is correct with regard to the sound sequence (word) production. d) Words in large were set up late (post 10,000). e) Grammar is a late variation of vocabulary based on frequency relationships. f) Lexicon precedes grammar. g) The natural form of plural is reduplication”.
 
At the same workshop Dr B. H. Bichackjian, pinpointed the real problem of LOR, and “Paris Prohibition”:
   “We could make a meaningful contribution by tracing the development of linguistic features and by inferring the principles that have guided the evolution of languages. But that would require the abandoning of a cherished myth, and mainstream linguists are not ready for it”.
 
The cherished myth started with Sir Rawlington (1860) when he discovered the Behustan rocks, and deciphered their three languages. In his LRC of the 98 Indo European languages he initiated the rationale of straight cognation. Since then, all LRC of the world languages, have focused on separate wide swaths of obvious cognations, and LOR&#39;s goal has been since tracing back MT with the traditional rationale. The BGC have been totally absent during the two Paris workshops of LOR (1985, and 1997).
       
 
         [0009]    On the planet Earth where we live together, the limits of the possible are the following five altarpiece factoids which are uncontrolled, incontrollable and incontrovertible:
       In every second, the living forest (north of the Saharan areas) is moving by six microns. Its motion of 23° latitude during the last 130 centuries will reverse itself during the next same span of time. This is the Precession effect discovered by Milutin Malenkovitch (1930s). Precession ramifications created a seven degree north latitude (36th to 43rd) Mediterra Evergreen Zone, MEZ, a buffer zone, land of perpetual plenty, where several languages thrived with different consonantal gamut during the last 15,000 years (see Annex I) from Spain to Japan.   In every second, the world population increases by four more human beings. Two will be Buddhist: Chinese, Hindu, or South Asiatic. The other two will be Monotheist (Judeo, Christian, and Muslim believers). All Earth population communicates by means of faith, beliefs, and discourses. There are seven hundred remnant languages (98 of them are Indo European) according to Dr. Guyla Decsy (Global Linguistic Connections, GLC, 1983, 8), but only 300 according to Dr Johanna Nickols from the American Association for Advancement of Science, Berkeley, Calif. The association of LOR is actively trying to trace back the original Mother Tongue, Mont. Hence adequate research is critically needed to show its existence and unifying effect.   The Human body possesses twenty eight phalanges, and twenty eight teeth, (let alone the four wisdom teeth). The Human adult skull encompasses twenty two (22) bones and six (6) ear ossicles encased within the temporal bones. The Sun year counts thirteen folds four weeks. Twenty eight thumbs (the nose&#39;s hypotenuse size) is the horizontal span from the left major&#39;s tip to the right one. The arm measures seven thumbs (from the major&#39;s tip to the elbow). It is the peculiarity of every human being. The foot has four, and the cubit only six, (thumb&#39;s tip to the elbow). A divine design indeed.   The twenty eight consonant Mother tongue, is adumbrated in all languages. Being the main one, all others are its dialects. Pending the deciphering of the Etruscan, this study will demonstrate that we have only one family of different languages with one Mother Tongue.   The Cassidy Code is sui generic. Its three pillars (apocopy, alternations, reverse made it unprecedented, unheard of before February the ninth of 2005, unfussy, unflappable, unique, universal, unequivocal enforcer, and not likely to be surpassed. Take it out of the picture, and there is no telling what might have happened to the cognations. (Annex Ell).       
 
         [0015]    My research aims to add a parallel path to the traditional way with my LRC of the two following Linguae Purae: Japanese language (with sixteen consonants), and Hamitic Tunsi (with twenty eight consonants), (see Annex IV). My approach differs from traditional rationale by including BGC with their alternates, and reversal in order to transcend all boundaries between the, alleged, different phyla of languages. Here again one might sense, the adumbrated MT basic tenets and their remnant hidden paths, traces, patterns from the remnant languages, and particularly through the two Linguae Purae of this LRC corpus, each of them belonging to an “alleged” separate phylum of languages. Three questions initiated my quest: 
         [0000]    A) Is there a problem inside the problem?;
 
B) What is the problem outside the problem?
 
C) What are the barriers, the missing components, the pattern of Regular Differences (RD) and the breakthrough(s)?.
 
       BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0016]    Four hundreds twenty one Tunsi-Nippon cognations are discovered. It is a Sui Generis in the L.R.C. field, and also an immense leap of faith in the L.O.R., due Mother Tongue. These two vocabularies belong to two separate phyla of languages on the one hand. Their respective geographical far away locations make them very difficult to assume or imply any borrowing, or crossed influence, on the other hand. The Cassidy Code knack will suffice to bridge the Five hundreds twenty four Regular Differences (RD). This discovery demonstrates the average of RD is one twenty four (1.24) for the four hundreds twenty one NTC. 
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWING 
       [0017]    NOT APPLICABLE”. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0018]    The Hamito-Semitic languages kept all the following BGC, and the (h) 
         [0000]                                                                        gh   dh                 kh                 h                 th   th   ss   tt                    
Suomi, Hamitic phyla and Latin kept also the front vowels: (ä), (ö). The Hamito-Semitic writing eradicated the vowels, and kept the above mentioned BGC. Among the mentioned BGC,           will be in Arabic letters.
 
         [0019]    Problem inside the problem?: A schism emerged between the primordial languages, their perdurable BGC, and the Classical Articulatory Organs Languages, CAOL. By ignoring BGC, the CAOL evolved separately from the Hamito Semitic and Dravidian phyla towards a gradual simplification. It clearly appears that LOR cannot trace MT without including the BGC. 
         [0020]    Problem outside the problem: A trend of gradual and irresistible simplification is omnipresent among the Indo-European, and the Uralic languages and the Japanese. This question is more complex and needs a compleat and thorough knowledge of the Regular Differences (RD), between our two languages LRC. We need to look at them from every angle, to hover over words of interest, to reach critical insights as well as leads, to delve deeply and thoroughly in order to detect recurrent analogies, RD, and reversals (double metathesis one for the extreme, and the other for the median consonants). 
         [0000]    A complete reckoning of RD hidden patterns ought to be accomplished in order to reach a thorough understanding of the paradigms that guided their respective evolution. The thin way pronunciation superseded the BGC articulation, among the Indo-European, the Uralic, and the Japanese alphabets. Seven thousand years before Grimm and Verner laws, the Sumerian started the finer articulation, Eme Sal, and the trend is still streamlining the language of the world.
 
We have a clear-cut distinction between Eme Gur and Eme Sal (see Mr M. L. Thomsen, Sumerian Language, 1981, 87):
 
         [0000]                                                              Eme-gur   Eme-sal               d &gt; z   dug = ze.eb   ‘good, sweet’ dugud = ze.bi-da ‘heavy’       g &gt; b   igi = i. bi   ‘eye’ sha-g = sha-b ‘heart’       g &gt; m   digir = dim.me.er   ‘god, gish’ = mu ‘tree’       g &gt; n   sag = she.en   ‘head’       h &gt; g   ha.lam = ge.le.eg   ‘to destroy’       m &gt; n   munus = nunus   ‘woman’       m &gt; g   sum = ze.eg   ‘to give’       n &gt; l   nigir = li.bi.ir   ‘herald’       n &gt; m   nu.gig = mu.gi.ib   ‘hierodule’       n &gt; sh   nin = shen   ‘lady’       s &gt; z   sum = ze.eg   ‘to give’       s &gt; sh   sig = she.en   ‘brick’       k &gt; s                        And vowel changes are:   a &gt; e   alim = e.lum   ‘deer’               i &gt; e   inim = e.ne.eg   ‘word’               i &gt; u   I = u   ‘fat’               u &gt; e   udu = e.ze   ‘sheep’                        
Eme sal preempted the Grim law by avoiding the hard g&gt;m, and b, and Verner law, by stating the g&gt;d alternation.
 
         [0021]    What are the missing components?: During my twenty year quest I have effectuated a deep cryptanalysis of the missing BGC. They seem to have been transient in the Indo-European, the Uralic languages, and the Japanese. Their transience means that MT might have had the laryngeal h, as well as the other ten BGC. During their transience, they gradually faded out. Apocope or several unvoiced consonants might have superseded them. My cryptanalysis allowed me to detect a gamut of mostly unvoiced consonants, as viable alternates to each missing voiced BGC in Indo European, Uralic, and Japanese languages. Ultimately, the fundamental aim has always been, about reaching a smoother and thinner articulation called in Finnish “viene ããnne” or finer pronunciation. Hopefully, Simo Parpola in his publication, (Transliteration of Sumerian Problems and Prospects, 1975, 254) underlined the common denominator as follows:
       “Most of the phonetic differences between Main dialect and Eme Sal can be explained as autonomous sound changes occasioned by a forward shift of the basis of articulation (U&gt;I=high back&gt;high front); (K&gt;P&gt;T=velar&gt;labial/dental stop); (Ng&gt;M, &gt;N=velar&gt;labial/dental nasal); (Sh&gt;S=post-alveolar&gt;alveolar fricative); (S&gt;Sh)=alveolar&gt;dental fricative), which seems to indicate that backward-flanged phonemes (i.e. narrow vowels, and labial or dental, including alveolar consonants) were considered ‘finer’ than their forward-flanged counterparts.”
 
This spontaneous, automatic, and autonomous sound mutation by an instinctive and pliable apocope, is part of a harmony instinct embedded in human neuro system. Simplification, or intricacy and redundancy eradication is an integral part of human mindset. Nowadays, conventional initial mnemonics or acronyms like MRI, IRS, CNN, FDA, LRC, LOR, EU, AARP, USA, URSS, NAFTA, UN, and ASAP, sound simpler, familiar, and EZ to process. The vowel free writing started with the Hamito-Semitic languages. Getting rid of the vowels while keeping alive all the BGC, has been the panacea of Hamito-Semitic languages.
       
 
         [0023]    After a thorough research of all hidden mutations, and reversals, one can trace, discern, unveil, and infer through their developmental system, the RD through apocope, alternations, and reversal. Hereafter a corpus of 421 Nippon-Tunsi root words, submitted to a Long Range Comparision (LRC). Not to forget that seven time zones separate Tunis from Tokyo: 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
               
                 CORPUS of 421 NIPPON-TUNSI COGNATIONS: 
               
             
          
           
               
                 HIRAGANA 
                 ROMANIZED 
                 TUNSI 
                 ENGLISH 
                 HATAKANA 
                 RD 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 107 Verbs 
               
             
          
           
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Agamemasu 
                 A(          )meru 
                 Worship, adore 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Aisimasu 
                 (          )aishu 
                 Love 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Ajiwamasu 
                 (          )ajiba (na) 
                 Taste; Savor; 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Akasimasu 
                 (          )akasu 
                 Disclose 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Arukimasu 
                 (          )aruku 
                 Walk 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Aserimasu 
                 (          )assara 
                 Fade; Discolor 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Assimasu 
                 (          )assuru 
                 Press 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Ataemasu 
                 (          )atau 
                 Give 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Chijimasu 
                 (Q)i(z)imi 
                 Shrink 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Damasimasu 
                 (Tt)ama(          )u 
                 Swindle 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Dasimasu 
                 Da(zz)u 
                 Put forth, issue 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Dekimasu 
                 De(qq)u 
                 Be able, Finish 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Demasu 
                 Demmasu 
                 Leave, Appear 
                 
                           
                 
                 Zero 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Erabimasu 
                 Errab(ii) 
                 Choose; Elect 
                 
                           
                 
                 Zero 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Fukuremasu 
                 Fu(kh)ur 
                 Swell, Brag 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Fukimasu 
                 (N)&#39;fu(kh)u 
                 Blow 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Furumamasu 
                 Furuma 
                 Behave 
                 
                           
                 
                 Zero 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Hajikimasu 
                 (          )a(z)a(q) 
                 Snap 
                 
                           
                 
                 Three 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Hajimemasu 
                 (          )aza(q)o 
                 Make an effort 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Hakarimasu 
                 (          )akker 
                 Measure, Weigh 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Hanasimasu 
                 Hennas 
                 Chat 
                 
                           
                 
                 Zero 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Hashirimasu 
                 Hisheri 
                 Run; Rush 
                 
                           
                 
                 Zero 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Hatakimasu 
                 Ha(tt)ak 
                 Spend all one&#39;s money 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Hayabikimasu 
                 Haya bik(r)i 
                 Leave early 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Haya(ri)masu 
                 (          )ayyar 
                 Come into Fashion 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Hazuremasu 
                 (Kh)a(s)ar 
                 Fail; Lose 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Hazusimasu 
                 (          )azzuzu 
                 Remove, Take off 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Herasimasu 
                 He(rr)assu 
                 Lessen, decrease 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Hikimasu 
                 (          )(u)ku 
                 Run over; Grind 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Homemasu 
                 A(          )me(rr) 
                 Admire 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Iimasu 
                 Ii 
                 Say 
                 
                           
                 
                 Zero 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Ikimasu 
                 A(y)a 
                 Go 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Imasu 
                 A(y)a 
                 Go 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Isogimasu 
                 I(z)o(r)o(b)u 
                 Hurry 
                 
                           
                 
                 Three 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Iyashimasu 
                 Iya(z)y(ni) 
                 Humble 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Kabamasu 
                 (Kh)abba 
                 Support; protect 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Kaeremasu 
                 Ka(          )ereru 
                 Return, Repeat 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Kagimasu 
                 (Sh)e(m)u 
                 Smell 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Kaimasu 
                 (Q)a(dh)a 
                 Buy 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Kakimasu 
                 (Q)ai(d)u 
                 Write 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Koimasu 
                 (Q)o(ll)i 
                 Ask 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Kiremasu 
                 (B)a(l)aa(          ) 
                 Expire, be disconnected 
                 
                           
                 
                 Three 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Koemasu 
                 (Q)o(w)e 
                 Exceed; Surpass 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Kojiremasu 
                 (Q)ojjiru 
                 Become complicated 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Komarimasu 
                 At (Kh)ammar 
                 Be upset; be a hassle 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Kowasumasu 
                 (          )awa(j)u 
                 Break smtg, 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Kuremasu 
                 (Q)iir 
                 Give 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Ku&#39;u(masu) 
                 Ku(l)u 
                 eat, bite 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Messimasu 
                 Me(tt) 
                 Die 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Moraimasu 
                 Moro(w)a 
                 Receive 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Motsumasu 
                 At Ma(tt)a(          ) 
                 Have 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Nagemasu 
                 Na(gh)e(r) 
                 Throw; Give up 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Najimumasu 
                 Najim/(L)ajim 
                 Become accustomed to 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Naremasu 
                 (K)arreru\ 
                 Become accustomed to 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Nikumimasu 
                 Ni(q)uma 
                 Hate 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Nozomimasu 
                 (L)ozemu 
                 Hope 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Nugimasu 
                 Na(          )i 
                 Take off (shoes) 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Nukemasu 
                 Na(qq)i 
                 Remove 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Nukasimasu 
                 Na(q)as 
                 Omit, Skip 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Odorokimasu 
                 Odoruku 
                 Wonder 
                 
                           
                 
                 Zero 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Ochimasu 
                 O(          )siru 
                 Drop 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Okasumasu 
                 (          )okasu 
                 Infringe; Violate 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Okurimasu 
                 (W)o(kh)oru 
                 Be late; Be behind 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Omoimasu 
                 (Kh)a(mm)am 
                 Think 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Osimasu 
                 ® (L)u(zz)u 
                 Push 
                 
                           
                 
                 Three 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Osheimasu 
                 Oshe(n)iya 
                 Tell 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Oyagumasu 
                 (          )o(w)a(m)u 
                 Swim 
                 
                           
                 
                 Three 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Owarimasu 
                 (          )owaru 
                 End; Terminate 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Saberimasu 
                 (Sh)abre(sh) 
                 Talk 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Sakumasu 
                 ® (Q)atta(          ) 
                 Tear 
                 
                           
                 
                 Three 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Sawarumasu 
                 (Ss)awaru 
                 Touch 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Sosugimasu 
                 So(bb)u 
                 Pour 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Suimasu 
                 Si(ff)u 
                 Sip 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Sukumasu 
                 (          )u(bb)o 
                 Like 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Sumimasu 
                 (          )y(sh)u 
                 Live 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Shi&#39;iremasu 
                 Shi&#39;ire 
                 Purchase; Stock 
                 
                           
                 
                 Zero 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Shimasu 
                 Shi(d)u 
                 Do 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Shimemasu 
                 Shime(te) 
                 Turn off; Close 
                 
                           
                 
                 Zero 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Shinumasu 
                 ® (M)a(t)a 
                 Die 
                 
                           
                 
                 Three 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Shippaisuru 
                 ® (F)a(sh)i(l) 
                 Fail 
                 
                           
                 
                 Three 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Shirimasu 
                 ® (L)a(q)a 
                 Find out, Know 
                 
                           
                 
                 Three 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Tamamasu 
                 (illi) (Th)ama 
                 Tolerate 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Tataemasu 
                 (Sidi) Tata 
                 Bless 
                 
                           
                 
                 Zero 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Todokimasu 
                 Todo(qq)u 
                 Deliver, Notify 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Todomarimasu 
                 At doome 
                 Stay 
                 
                           
                 
                 Zero 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Tokimasu 
                 ® (Q)e(dd)o 
                 Solve, Undo 
                 
                           
                 
                 Three 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Tomemasu 
                 Tomete 
                 Stop, Park 
                 
                           
                 
                 Zero 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Torimasu 
                 Toor 
                 Take 
                 
                           
                 
                 Zero 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Toosimasu 
                 Too(z)u 
                 Pass (object) through 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Toimasu 
                 To(ll)a(          )u 
                 Inquire, Ask 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Tsukaimasu 
                 At (z)u(g)ate 
                 Use 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Tsukamimasu 
                 At (z)ukame 
                 Catch 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Tsukemasu 
                 At sukkar 
                 Attach; Mend 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Tsukuremasu 
                 At su(g)aru 
                 Make 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Tsumemasu 
                 At (          )ameru 
                 Charge 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Tsumimasu 
                 At (          )a(bb)i 
                 Load 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Umaremasu 
                 (          )umore 
                 Be born 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Uzukimasu 
                 (          )u(z)u(q)u 
                 Ache; Throb 
                 
                           
                 
                 Three 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Yasumimasu 
                 Yasumo 
                 Rest, Fast 
                 
                           
                 
                 Zero 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Yomimasu 
                 (W)omia (signs 
                 Read 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Yorokubimasu 
                 Yorokibu 
                 Be happy 
                 
                           
                 
                 Zero 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Wakarimasu 
                 Wa(qq)aru 
                 Consider 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Watarimasu 
                 (K)a(th)ar/Wa(ff)ar 
                 Extend; stretch 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Watasimasu 
                 (Q)ata(          )u 
                 Pass; Carry across 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Zuremasu 
                 Zure(ru) 
                 Shift out of place, 
                 
                           
                 
                 Zero 
               
             
          
           
               
                 B) 107 Adjectives 
               
             
          
           
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Appare 
                 A(ff)aare 
                 Splendid 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Atsui 
                 A(          )sui 
                 Thick 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Atarashii 
                 (          )atar(y)a 
                 Fresh, New 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Ayashii 
                 (          )ayasha 
                 Dubious 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Boodai na 
                 Boudaina 
                 Huge; enormous 
                 
                           
                 
                 Zero 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Burai (na) 
                 Barrani 
                 Rude; Impolite 
                 
                           
                 
                 Zero 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Bushoo (na) 
                 Bu(kh)y(l) 
                 Lazy; Inactive 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Chisai 
                 ® (S)ia-(gh)a 
                 Small 
                 
                           
                 
                 Three 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Chuukan (no) 
                 (Sh)uukka(l) 
                 Intermediate 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Ekitai 
                 E(q)ita(y)i(          ) 
                 Liquid 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Erai 
                 Erray 
                 Distinguished 
                 
                           
                 
                 Zero 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Fukoo (na) 
                 (          )u(q)oona 
                 unfortunate 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Fukusuu 
                 Fu(qq)usa 
                 Plural 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Fushigi (na) 
                 Fushi(k)u 
                 Magical, Mysterious 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Fusoo (na) 
                 Fu(ss)oo(          )a 
                 Over one&#39;s ability 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Futari 
                 Fituri 
                 Double 
                 
                           
                 
                 Zero 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Futoo (na) 
                 F(i)tna 
                 Unjust; unfair 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Ganjoo 
                 (Gh)anjoo 
                 Strong; Sturdy 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Genki (na) 
                 (J)ensh 
                 Healthy; Energetic 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Gesu(na) 
                 Gue(          )o(r) 
                 Base; Mean spirited 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Geisha 
                 (Q)ei(          )sha 
                 Gueisha 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Hageshii 
                 (          )a(k)eshaa 
                 Fierce; tempestuous 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Hajime 
                 (          )ajime 
                 First 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Hakanai 
                 Ha(sh)a naa 
                 Ephemeral; empty 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Hansa (na) 
                 (          )a(m)(ss)a 
                 Troublesome 
                 
                           
                 
                 Three 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Haradatashii 
                 Harada(ha) 
                 Upseting 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Hare 
                 Ha(n)e 
                 Fine 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Hatashinai 
                 (          )atashi(r)a 
                 Endless 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Heion (na) 
                 (          )eion 
                 Peaceful, calm 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Hen (na) 
                 Hennani 
                 Funny 
                 
                           
                 
                 Zero 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Heta (na) 
                 henta(la) 
                 Poor at smtng 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Hidari 
                 ® Rade(s)/(          )idara 
                 West; Left 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Hikui 
                 (          )i(shsh)i 
                 Low 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Hima 
                 Himma 
                 Dignified 
                 
                           
                 
                 Zero 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Hoofu (na) 
                 (          )oof&#39;na 
                 full of 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Hoka no 
                 (          )o(q)ana 
                 Another; some 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Honto (no) 
                 ® (          )o(qq)o 
                 Real; True 
                 
                           
                 
                 Three 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Hoogai (na) 
                 (          )ooga 
                 Exorbitant 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Houwa 
                 Houwa 
                 oxyded, Sturated 
                 
                           
                 
                 Zero 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Idai (na) 
                 (          )adaa (na) 
                 Great; Grand 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Ido 
                 (          )iddo 
                 Latitude 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Ii 
                 Ii 
                 Good 
                 
                           
                 
                 Zero 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Joobu-na 
                 (Z)ebuna 
                 Healthy, Strong 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Joohin 
                 (W)ooh(r)a 
                 Elegant, Refined 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Judai(na) 
                 Jeddi 
                 Serious 
                 
                           
                 
                 Zero 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Kabin(na) 
                 Kabina 
                 Oversensitive 
                 
                           
                 
                 Zero 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Kanoo(na) 
                 Ka(y)no (ii) 
                 Possible 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Kara 
                 (Q)ara(          )a 
                 Empty 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Karai 
                 (M)oorra; (          )aarra 
                 Bitter, Hot 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Kashikoi 
                 (Q)ash(q)a(l)a 
                 Wise 
                 
                           
                 
                 Three 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Keiyoushi 
                 Kei(f)oushi 
                 Adjective 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Kirai 
                 (Kh)ira 
                 Pretty 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Kitanazi 
                 I(Kh)it na(          )i 
                 Dirty 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Kiza-na 
                 (Gh)iza(w)i 
                 Snobbish, conceited 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Kodai-na 
                 (Q)odai-(m)a 
                 Ancient 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Koeta 
                 (G)oetta 
                 Overweigh; fertile 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Kohei (na) 
                 Koh(ei)na 
                 Fair; unbiaised 
                 
                           
                 
                 Zero 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Koi 
                 (Q)oi 
                 Thick; Strong 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Kokei 
                 (Q)o(w)ei 
                 Solid 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Koko-no 
                 (W)o(          )o(d)o 
                 Individual 
                 
                           
                 
                 Three 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Konomashi 
                 Ko(l)omashi 
                 Pleasant, desirable 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Koorai-(no) 
                 (Q)oorai(no) 
                 Elderly, Old Patient 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Kowai 
                 (Kh)owa(f) 
                 Scared 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Koun(na 
                 (          )ooun 
                 Lucky, Fortunate 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Kudoi 
                 (Q)addo 
                 Repetitous, Persistent 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Ma&#39;atarashii 
                 Ma&#39;atarashii 
                 Brand new 
                 
                           
                 
                 Zero 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Mazurashii 
                 Mazu(w)ar 
                 Unusual 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Meihaku(na) 
                 Me(h)i(          )a(q)u 
                 Obvious 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Meimon(na) 
                 Meimoun 
                 Renowned, Prestigious 
                 
                           
                 
                 Zero 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Meishi 
                 ® Sheima 
                 Name 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Mijikai 
                 (N)i(z)i(q)u 
                 Brief, Short 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Mottomo (na( 
                 Mo(dh)omona 
                 Logical Rational 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Mukanjoo (na, ni) 
                 Mo(q)aj(w)al 
                 Apathetic 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Museigen 
                 Mu(z)e(y)en 
                 Variegated 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Mushinkei (na, ni) 
                 Mushen(gu)e(l)u 
                 Insensitive, 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Mushoku (na) 
                 Musheku(l)a 
                 Unemployed 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Nai 
                 (L)a; Nai 
                 No, Not 
                 
                           
                 
                 Zero 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Najimi (no) 
                 Najimu/Lajimu 
                 Familiar, Regular 
                 
                           
                 
                 Zero 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Nami (no) 
                 Nami 
                 Mediocre 
                 
                           
                 
                 Zero 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Nemai 
                 Ne(y)em 
                 Sleepy 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Ooboo 
                 (          )oboo 
                 Tyrannic 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Okurita 
                 O(kh)urtu 
                 Belated 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Ookii 
                 (W)osa(          )a 
                 Large 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Onaji 
                 Onaji 
                 Equal, Same 
                 
                           
                 
                 Zero 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Ooppira 
                 (          )o(ff)ora 
                 Open 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Oraka 
                 (W)ora(q) 
                 Easygoing 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Sabishi 
                 (Z)abbish 
                 Lonely, Desolate 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Saigo (na) 
                 Sai(b)ou 
                 Final, End 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Sanzana 
                 (Z)anzana 
                 Devastating 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Shiboo 
                 Shi(          )a(m)a 
                 Fat 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Shigau 
                 Shi(k)aw 
                 Different 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Shin (no) 
                 Shinno(wa) 
                 Fair, Genuine, True 
                 
                           
                 
                 Zero 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Shinsei (na) 
                 Shin(sh)eina 
                 Sacred, Holy 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Shooryoo (no) 
                 Shoo(w)aya 
                 little bit 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Shuuaku (na) 
                 (At) Shuakna 
                 Extremely Ugly 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Takai 
                 (Tt)aa(q) 
                 Expensive 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Tappuri (no) 
                 Ta(          )(b)uri 
                 Abundant 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Tekido na 
                 Te(q)iddo 
                 Appropriate; Moderate 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Urayameshii 
                 Urayamashi 
                 Envious 
                 
                           
                 
                 Zero 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Ureshii 
                 U(n)eshii 
                 Joyful 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Wabashii 
                 Wabashu 
                 Lonely, Dreary 
                 
                           
                 
                 Zero 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Wakate (no) 
                 Wa(q)atii 
                 Young, 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Waku Waku 
                 Wa(kh)a Wa(kh)a 
                 Exciting 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Yabani 
                 (J)aba(l)t 
                 Uncivilized 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Yasashii 
                 (          )a(t)ashii 
                 Easy 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Zenra (no) 
                 Zon(t)a 
                 Stark naked, Bare 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Zokei 
                 (Dh)okei 
                 Knowledgeable 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Zonzai(na) 
                 Zanzana 
                 Impolite, Coarse 
                 
                           
                 
                 Zero 
               
             
          
           
               
                 C) 207 Nouns, Conjunctions, Particules, Interjections, etc . . . 
               
             
          
           
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Aijoo 
                 (          )aizzo 
                 Love, Affection 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Aisatu 
                 (          )aishu 
                 Greetings 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Aka 
                 (          )akari 
                 Red 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Akushu 
                 Aka(h)u 
                 Shake hands 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 An 
                 (          )al 
                 Idea, Solution 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Anago 
                 (          )ana(sh)a 
                 Sea eel 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Anata 
                 Anti 
                 You 
                 
                           
                 
                 Zero 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Ao 
                 (Dh)ao 
                 Blue 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Ashita 
                 (          )ashiya 
                 Tomorrow 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Assaku 
                 (          )a(zz)a(q)u 
                 Pression 
                 
                           
                 
                 Three 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Atama 
                 A(d)ama(gh) 
                 Head 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Ayamachi 
                 Ayama(sh)i 
                 Fault, error; Blunder 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Banwa 
                 Ba(l) wa 
                 Evening 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Bara-de 
                 Bara de 
                 Separately 
                 
                           
                 
                 Zero 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Bishoo 
                 Bish-bisho 
                 Smile 
                 
                           
                 
                 Zero 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Boori 
                 Boori (shiira) 
                 Excessive profit 
                 
                           
                 
                 Zero 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Boucyou 
                 (W)oucy(          )ou 
                 Expansion 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Bun 
                 Bo(l) tta 
                 Half 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Buai 
                 Ba(y)i 
                 Rate, Percentage 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Butsu 
                 Buussu 
                 Hit 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Chanto 
                 (Q)a(dd)o 
                 Exactly 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Chira 
                 Chira 
                 Direction 
                 
                           
                 
                 Zero 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Chome 
                 (          )oma 
                 Quarter 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Chotto 
                 Cho(dd)o 
                 A little moment 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Dakeru 
                 (Dh)akeru 
                 Able 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Dandan 
                 Danden 
                 Gradually 
                 
                           
                 
                 Zero 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Deashi 
                 Da(          )(s)a 
                 Start 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Dema 
                 (Th)ama 
                 Unsupported rumor 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Dewa 
                 (T)ewa ((N)ow) 
                 Now; Well; Then 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Doozo 
                 Doozoo 
                 Please Do 
                 
                           
                 
                 Zero 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Dore dake 
                 ® Kadaa(sh) 
                 How much, How many 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Dou 
                 Da(r)/Duar 
                 House 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Ee 
                 Ee 
                 Yes 
                 
                           
                 
                 Zero 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Fuukaku 
                 Fuu(Q)a(l)Ku(l) 
                 Style; Character 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Fukuru 
                 Fi(t)uri 
                 Double 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Fura fura to 
                 Fura 
                 Precipitously 
                 
                           
                 
                 Zero 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Furukae 
                 Furuka(          )e 
                 Alternative, Substitute 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Futa 
                 Futa 
                 Cover 
                 
                           
                 
                 Zero 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Gachoo 
                 (W)oo(zz)a 
                 Goose 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Gai 
                 (Q)a(          )a 
                 Ground 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Gai 
                 (Q)ay 
                 Harm, Damage 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Gakkou 
                 (Sh)ookel 
                 School 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Geisha 
                 (Q)ei(          )sha 
                 Gueisha 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Gendoo 
                 (J)endoo 
                 Behavior, Discipline 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Genshoo 
                 (J)eneshoo 
                 Phenomenon 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Haaku 
                 Ha(kk)aKa 
                 Grasp 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Hachi 
                 (          )ash&#39;ya 
                 Edge, End 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Hachi 
                 (          )a(shsh)i 
                 Bee (Not Honeybee) 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Hakari 
                 (          )akkara 
                 Scale (weight) 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Hakken 
                 Ha(qq)a(q)/ 
                 Discovery 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Hako 
                 (          )okka 
                 Box 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Han 
                 (Sh)a(t)a(r) 
                 Half 
                 
                           
                 
                 Three 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Hara 
                 (          )ara (center) 
                 Stomach 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Harawata 
                 (Gh)arawata 
                 Intestines; bowels; 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Hasami 
                 ® Ma(q)a(ss) 
                 Scissors 
                 
                           
                 
                 Three 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Hassoo 
                 (          )ass 
                 Idea, Inspiration, Notion 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Hata 
                 (          )a(tt)a (style) 
                 Banner; Flag 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Hate 
                 (Gh)a(d)i 
                 Most remote point 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Hatoba 
                 (          )atoba (Wood) 
                 Pier; Warf; quay 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Haya 
                 Haya 
                 Speedy 
                 
                           
                 
                 Zero 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Hayakumo 
                 Haya(q)umo 
                 Already 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Hayasa 
                 (          )ayassa 
                 Speed (regulator) 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Henka 
                 (          )anka 
                 Change; Variety 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Hensoo 
                 (          )en(sh)oo 
                 Disguise 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Hi 
                 (          )ay 
                 Day 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Hijoo 
                 Hijaa 
                 Emergency 
                 
                           
                 
                 Zero 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Hikairu 
                 (          )a(q)eru 
                 Refrain from 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Hikaku 
                 (          )ikakuhom 
                 Comparison 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Hito Bito 
                 (          )ito(t) wi Bito(t0 
                 People 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Hiyouka 
                 (A)haouka 
                 Appreciation 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Hogo 
                 (          )o(qq)o 
                 Protection, care 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Hon&#39;ne 
                 (          )on&#39;ne(n) 
                 True feeling 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Hookoku 
                 (          )oo(qq)i(q)u 
                 Report 
                 
                           
                 
                 Three 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Hooroo 
                 (          )orroo 
                 Wanderer 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Hossa 
                 (Gh)ossa 
                 Attack; a Fit 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Ichi 
                 (Y)i(qq)ish 
                 One 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Iffuku 
                 Illifu(q)u 
                 Clothing 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Ii 
                 Ii 
                 Sure 
                 
                           
                 
                 Zero 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Iie 
                 Iie 
                 No 
                 
                           
                 
                 Zero 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Ikura 
                 (          )ikkaro 
                 How much 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Ima 
                 Imma 
                 moment; Now 
                 
                           
                 
                 Zero 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Iro 
                 i(l)oo(n) 
                 Color 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Iroho 
                 Ro(          )o 
                 The Basics 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Iroke 
                 Iroo(q)a 
                 Sexiness 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Jikan 
                 ® No(w)o(d) 
                 A lot, Time 
                 
                           
                 
                 Three 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Jobun 
                 Job(y)n 
                 Preface, Foreword 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Jochoo 
                 Jaach 
                 courage 
                 
                           
                 
                 Zero 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Jooge 
                 ® (Q)a(dd) 
                 Measure 
                 
                           
                 
                 Three 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Jooren 
                 J(ii)ren (neighbors) 
                 Regular Customer 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Juusho 
                 (          )uusho 
                 Address 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Juwaki 
                 Juwa(q)a 
                 Telephone 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Kaiho 
                 (Q)ai(          )o 
                 Smtg to take care of 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Kaiwa 
                 Ka(l)aa(m) 
                 Conversation 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Kame 
                 Ka(gh)e(dh) 
                 Paper 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Kane/Okane 
                 (M)a(l)e 
                 Money 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Kankaku 
                 (M)an(h)a(j)u 
                 Sense (of) 
                 
                           
                 
                 Three 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Karada 
                 (B)ada(n)u 
                 Body 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Kare 
                 (H)a(n)i 
                 Fine 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Kate 
                 (Gh)adi 
                 Far 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Kaya 
                 Kaya (Illness) 
                 Mosquito net 
                 
                           
                 
                 Zero 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Keisan 
                 (Q)eissan 
                 Calculus 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Kenka 
                 (          )aa(r)ka 
                 Argument 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Kishoo 
                 Kishoo(sh) 
                 Temperament, Nature 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Kobu 
                 (          )o(d)ba 
                 Bump, Hump 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Kochoo 
                 ® (Sh)o(m)oo 
                 Exageration 
                 
                           
                 
                 Three 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Komogi 
                 ® Gomo(          ) 
                 Wheat 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Koodai 
                 (Q)oodaima 
                 Ancient times 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Koodoo 
                 (Q)ooddoo 
                 Behavior 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Koe 
                 ® (          )o(ss) 
                 Voice 
                 
                           
                 
                 Three 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Kompai 
                 Kom(b)ai 
                 Together 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Koto 
                 (Q)ato(          )a 
                 Thing, affair, matter 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Kotoba 
                 Kotiba 
                 Language, Word 
                 
                           
                 
                 Zero 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Kuchi 
                 (Sh)a(h)a(r) 
                 Month 
                 
                           
                 
                 Three 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Kudasai 
                 (Q)adasa 
                 Please 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Kuso 
                 ® (Z)u(g)a 
                 Feces; Shit: Damn it 
                 
                           
                 
                 Three 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Kutushita 
                 Ka(l)a(s)ita 
                 Socks 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Kyoo 
                 (Dh)a(w)o 
                 Today 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Made 
                 Ma(dh)i 
                 P.M. 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Machigatte 
                 Ma(sh)a(qq)atu 
                 By mistake 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Mata 
                 (          )a(w)ada 
                 Again 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Matome 
                 Maa (th)ama 
                 Summing up 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Medori 
                 (Kh)a(dh)ara 
                 Green 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Meishi 
                 ® Sheime 
                 Noun 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Mesu 
                 Me(          )a 
                 Female (animal) 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Mezu 
                 (B)ezu; 
                 Water 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Mihon 
                 Ma(sh)(tt)a(ra) 
                 Sample 
                 
                           
                 
                 Three 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Moue 
                 Mo(          )aue 
                 Superior 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Mushoku 
                 Musho(qq)a 
                 Unemployed 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 -Nashi de 
                 Na(          )i te 
                 Without 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Natu 
                 (K)e(s)u(wa) 
                 Summer 
                 
                           
                 
                 Three 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Nen 
                 (          )am 
                 Year 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Nesshin 
                 (L)e(kh)shin 
                 Ardor, Enthusiasm 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Netsu 
                 ® Se(kh)ana 
                 Heat, Fever, Zeal 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Nichiwa 
                 (          )achi(y)a 
                 Afternoon 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Niku 
                 (L)i(          )a(m) 
                 Meat 
                 
                           
                 
                 Three 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Nozoku 
                 Nozo(q)u 
                 Snoop 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Ohayu 
                 (          )ayu 
                 Good morning 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Ooame 
                 (M)&#39;(          )ooama 
                 Heavy rain 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Ooen 
                 (          )oen 
                 Support 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Ooja 
                 (Kh)ooja 
                 King; Victor 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Ookata 
                 (W)o(q)ait 
                 Almost; Probably 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Osore 
                 (Gh)o(ss)ora 
                 Fear 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Otto 
                 (          )atti(y)a 
                 Father 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Rei 
                 Rou(          ) 
                 Soul 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Roohoo 
                 Raahoo 
                 Good News 
                 
                           
                 
                 Zero 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Ryokoo 
                 Ryo(q)aa 
                 Travel, Trip 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Sagano 
                 (          )enka 
                 Wit 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Saibu 
                 Saibu (enough) 
                 Details 
                 
                           
                 
                 Zero 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Sakka 
                 Sa(qq)a 
                 Writer 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Sansei 
                 Sa(l)sa(l) 
                 Acidity 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Sei 
                 (          )ei 
                 Life; Spirit; Holiness 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Seido 
                 Seido (Saint) 
                 Shrine 
                 
                           
                 
                 Zero 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Seigen 
                 Sei(j)in 
                 Limit; Prohibition 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Seikatu 
                 (Sh)ei(kh)atu 
                 Living 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Seikou 
                 Sei(q)ou 
                 Elimination 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Seirai 
                 Seira/Siira 
                 By nature; Inherently 
                 
                           
                 
                 Zero 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Simi 
                 ® (W)asa(kh)a 
                 Stain 
                 
                           
                 
                 Three 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Soba 
                 Sobba/Chorba 
                 Buckwheat noodles 
                 
                           
                 
                 Zero 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Sokoshin 
                 So(q)o(s)(l)i 
                 Promotion 
                 
                           
                 
                 Three 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Sokudo 
                 So(g)udo 
                 Rate of motion; Speed 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Su 
                 (Kh)a(l) 
                 Vinegar 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Sugu 
                 (T)a(w)a 
                 Now, Right away 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Suutoobu 
                 (          )uutoobu 
                 Stove; Heater 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Shiboo 
                 Shi(          )am, 
                 Fat 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Shiboo 
                 ® Bish 
                 Hope; Wish 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Shira 
                 Shira 
                 Direction, Notification 
                 
                           
                 
                 Zero 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Shitsu 
                 ® (          )a(n)oot 
                 Room, Saloon 
                 
                           
                 
                 Three 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Shoodo 
                 Sho(h)odoo 
                 Calligraphy 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Shoodaku 
                 (S)ooda(q)u 
                 Approval; Consent 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Shoogai 
                 Shoo(q)aa 
                 Obstacle; Injury; career 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Shoorai 
                 Shorrai 
                 Future 
                 
                           
                 
                 Zero 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Shukoji 
                 ® Koosha/Shukoshuka 
                 Meal 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Tabe-Tabe 
                 (D)abe-(D)abe 
                 Repeatedly; Frequently 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Taitei 
                 Taeta-taeta 
                 Usually 
                 
                           
                 
                 Zero 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Take 
                 ® (Q)ade; 
                 Size, Height 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Tobun 
                 Tabuna 
                 Divide equally 
                 
                           
                 
                 Zero 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Tokei 
                 ® (W)o(Q)it 
                 Watch, Time 
                 
                           
                 
                 Three 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Tokkyo 
                 (          )a(q)i(q)o 
                 Patent 
                 
                           
                 
                 Three 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Tori 
                 (Tt)iir/(Tt)oyoor 
                 Bird; Poultry 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Tsuuka 
                 (S)ikka 
                 Currency, Passage 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Uchi 
                 (          )u(sh)i 
                 House 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Ude 
                 (Y)ud 
                 Arm 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Ue 
                 (          )aa(l)i 
                 Above 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Ume 
                 (          )uma (Swim) 
                 Sea, Ocean 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Un 
                 (          )un 
                 Luck; Fortune 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Uo 
                 (          )uo (t) 
                 Fish 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Uppun 
                 (          )uffun 
                 Anger; Frustration 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Ura 
                 Ura 
                 Back; Behind 
                 
                           
                 
                 Zero 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Uruoi 
                 (          )arui 
                 Charm; Profit 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Ushi 
                 (          )a(ss)i 
                 Bull; Cow 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Uwaji 
                 U(          )waiji 
                 Clothes 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Wakasa 
                 (F)a(q)asa 
                 Youth 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Washi 
                 Wa(          )shi 
                 Eagle 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Wari ni 
                 Warini 
                 Comparatively; 
                 
                           
                 
                 Zero 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Yama 
                 (J)a(b)a(l) 
                 Hill, Mountain 
                 
                           
                 
                 Three 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Yasumi 
                 Yasumu 
                 Rest, Fast 
                 
                           
                 
                 Zero 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Yorokubu 
                 Yorokibu 
                 Desire, Lust 
                 
                           
                 
                 Zero 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Zai 
                 Zai (Garment) 
                 Wealth 
                 
                           
                 
                 Zero 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Zende 
                 Zende 
                 Whole area 
                 
                           
                 
                 Zero 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Zense 
                 Zense/Zenuuss 
                 Previous incarnation 
                 
                           
                 
                 Zero 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Zoku 
                 Zoku 
                 Internal organ 
                 
                           
                 
                 Zero 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Zoku 
                 Zoku(ti) 
                 Burglar 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Zoodai 
                 Zaado 
                 Increase; enlargement 
                 
                           
                 
                 Zero 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Zookei 
                 (Dh)ookei 
                 Knowledge; Mastery 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Zowai 
                 Zowai 
                 Bribery 
                 
                           
                 
                 Zero 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Zuan 
                 Zua(q)/Zina 
                 Design 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Zure 
                 Ziir 
                 Gap 
                             (207) 
                 Zero 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0024]    This corpus is not a cut and dried choice. Alphabetically I have chosen one hundred seven verbs, one hundred seven adjectives, and two hundred seven other, parts of the speech, than verbs and adjectives. Almost randomly, I tried to choose the prime number of four hundred twenty one (421) root words. 
         [0025]    A) The first glimpse at this Long Range Comparison&#39;s (LRC) results is the outstanding following brand new facts:
       1) Twenty seven (27®) reverses;   2) Eighty three ((83)          .   3) Sixty four (Q) alternations. It is the (         q)   4) Fifty eight (58)          .   5) And other diverse two hundreds ninety two (292) other RDs.       
 
         [0031]    B) As regards the 107 Verbs we have: (6®) (21          ) (26          ) (104 Alternations)=157 (RD) 
         [0032]    C) The 107 Adjectives displayed (4®) (17          ) (10          ) (103 Alternations)=132 (RD) 
         [0033]    D) The 207 Nouns, Conj. Part. Etc disclosed: (17®) (45          ) (22          ) (120 Alterntns)=(204 RD) 
         [0034]    B) The 421 WORDS betrayed (27®) (83          ) (58          ) (64 Q) (292 RD)=(421 words)=(524 RD) 
         [0035]    The above detailed corpus reveals the following conclusions:
       A) Only thirty six (36) words among the whole corpus have three RD.   B) The remaining three hundred eighty five root words disclose only one eleven (1.11) RD.   C) One hundred seven words divulge an average of two RD.   D) Two hundred four—almost half of the corpus—expose a lonely RD   E) The thorough examination of the 421 NTC divulge a mere average of one twenty four (1.24) RD.   F) Interestingly enough, the study betrays that almost eighteen percent of the corpus has zero RD.       
 
         [0042]    Sumerian alternations, Grimm law, Verner law, and Lauri Posti&#39;s dissertation (Annex V) confirm the same paradigm: Had they articulated BGC, Grimm, and Verner would have systematically encapsulated them in their main laws. Regretfully, nobody has tried this opportunity before our USPTO&#39;s application of The Cassidy Code on Feb. 9, 2005. 
         [0043]    Assembly, all fictitious language family barriers and phyla boundaries seem to become totally superfluous, artificially manmade fences, and redundant hurdles. Any person of ordinary skill in the LRC of languages, and LOR, could apply Sumerian alternations with The Cassidy Code (Annex V) as an easy working template. 
         [0044]    Hereafter the forty samples, easy to process with Sumerian alternations, and the Cassidy Code. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
               
                 HIRAGANA 
                 ROMANIZED 
                 TUNSI 
                 ENGLISH 
                 HATAKANA 
                 RD 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Aisimasu 
                 (          )aishu 
                 Love 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Arukimasu 
                 (          )aruku 
                 Walk 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Aserimasu 
                 (          )assara 
                 Fade; Discolor 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Chijimasu 
                 (Q)i(z)imi 
                 Shrink 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Erabimasu 
                 Errab(ii) 
                 Choose; Elect 
                 
                           
                 
                 Zero 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Hazusimasu 
                 (          )azzuzu 
                 Remove, Take off 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Hikimasu 
                 (          )(u)ku 
                 Run over; Grind 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Koimasu 
                 (Q)o(ll)i 
                 Ask 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Nikumimasu 
                 Ni(q)uma 
                 Hate 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Torimasu 
                 Toor 
                 Take 
                 
                           
                 
                 Zero 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Hoofu (na) 
                 (          )oof&#39;na 
                 full of 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Kara 
                 (Q)ara(          )a 
                 Empty 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Kodai-na 
                 (Q)odai-(m)a 
                 Ancient 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Museigen 
                 Mu(z)e(y)en 
                 Variegated 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Nami (no) 
                 Nami 
                 Mediocre 
                 
                           
                 
                 Zero 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Saigo (na) 
                 Sai(b)ou 
                 Final, End 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Sanzana 
                 (Z)anzana 
                 Devastating 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Urayameshii 
                 Urayamashi 
                 Envious 
                 
                           
                 
                 Zero 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Ureshii 
                 U(n) eshii 
                 Joyful 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Wabashii 
                 Wabashu 
                 Lonely, Dreary 
                 
                           
                 
                 Zero 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Yabani 
                 (J)aba(l)t 
                 Uncivilized 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Akushu 
                 Aka(h)u 
                 Shake hands 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 An 
                 (          )al 
                 Idea, Solution 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Ao 
                 (Dh)ao 
                 Blue 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Ayamachi 
                 Ayama(sh)i 
                 Fault, error; Blunder 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Deashi 
                 Da(          )(s)a 
                 Start 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Geisha 
                 (Q)ei(          )sha 
                 Gueisha 
                 
                           
                 
                 Two 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Gendoo 
                 (J)endoo 
                 Behavior, Discipline 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Chome 
                 (          )oma 
                 Quarter 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Hiyouka 
                 (A)haouka 
                 Appreciation 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Ima 
                 Imma 
                 moment; Now 
                 
                           
                 
                 Zero 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Jochoo 
                 Jaach 
                 courage 
                 
                           
                 
                 Zero 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Jooge 
                 ® (Q)a(dd) 
                 Measure 
                 
                           
                 
                 Three 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Kompai 
                 Kom(b)ai 
                 Together 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Koodoo 
                 (Q)ooddoo 
                 Behavior 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Made 
                 Ma(dh)i 
                 P.M. 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Shiboo 
                 Shi(          )am, 
                 Fat 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Shiboo 
                 ® Bish 
                 Hope; Wish 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Tori 
                 (Tt)iir/(Tt)oyoor 
                 Bird; Poultry 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Tsuuka 
                 (S)ikka 
                 Currency, Passage 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Zookei 
                 (Dh)ookei 
                 Knowledge; Mastery 
                 
                           
                 
                 One 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0045]    In conclusion one: This LRC&#39;s results represent a huge tectonic shift due MT threshold. 
         [0046]    In Conclusion two: Ultimately, as regards the LOR, it is crystal clear that there is one and unique family of languages. Mother tongue is a Proto Language. All other languages are of the same family with different number of BGC. 
         [0047]    In conclusion three: The four hundred forty one cognations are sui generis and a self explanatory discovery 
       Annex I 
     The Precession and the Forgotten Ice Age 
       [0048]    Jane B. Sellers sought during her sixty years of research to assess and demonstrate that:
       “Archeologists, by and large, lack an understanding of the precession and this affects their conclusions concerning ancient myths, ancient gods and ancient temple alignments. Philologists, too, ignore the accusation that certain problems are not going to be solved as long as they imagine that familiarity with grammar replaces scientific knowledge of astronomy. For astronomers, precession is well-established fact; those working in the field of ancient man have a responsibility to attain an understanding of if”.       
 
         [0050]    The sun and the moon put forth a gravitational pull on the earth&#39;s equatorial bulge, provoking a very slow wobbling of the planet known as the precession. This peculiar phenomenon was discovered during the 1930&#39;s by Miloutin Malenkovich and reconfirmed by the recent discovery of the oxygen 18 in the oceans abyssal plains. Every half cycle of precession, i.e. 13,000 years represents an arc of 23° degrees latitude. Right now, we are at the apex of the wobbling cycle and the Arctic Circle is along Rovaniemi (Finland) and the Selkup homeland in Siberia, between the Taz and the Yenessey rivers&#39; deltas. During the next half cycle of precession, i.e. the next 130 centuries, the Arctic Circle will recede and join its original site (43 rd  parallel) south of Bordeaux, Geneva, Lake Baikal, and Beijing. Ergo, the Sahara, Arabia, and Gobi desert, will become a green forest. 
         [0000]    This revolving precession phenomenon has maintained an eternal evergreen buffer zone covering the whole Mediterranean basin, starting from the 36 hu  parallel south of the Atlas mountain (North Africa) and reaching the 43 rd  parallel line south of Bordeaux, Geneva, Lake Baikal and Beijing and covering almost all Japan&#39;s islands. In this eternal evergreen forest zone grew the oldest and prestigious Mediterra cultures, beliefs and civilizations, let alone the beginning and the gradual development of the human language. This eternal evergreen forest zone has been the cradle of all human exodus to the eastern ocean Zur (i.e. the Pacific). A sacred pilgrimage to the venerable Sunrise, through the land of perpetual plenty. 
         [0051]    Kepler explained thoroughly that the sun is at one focus of the earth elliptical orbit. The other focus of the ellipse is void. The position of the earth has a peritholion of 91 millions miles from the sun on January the third, and an aphelion faraway from the sun of 94½ million miles on the fourth of July, at the opposite side of the ellipse. The distance between the two focuses of the elliptic orbit is about 3.5 millions miles. The march of the four seasons is the end product of this orbital phenomenon. On the other hand Milutin Milankovitch (1938) published his astronomical theory of the ice ages. With the precession phenomenon Milankovitch has broken new ground for the earth climatology by drawing a special attention to the 23° of translation of the Saharan Area. The tilted earth revolution around the sun is somewhat affected by the wobbling phenomenon. It slowly &amp; gradually modifies its inclination along the elliptic orbit and alters the duration of exposure to the Sun of some particular regions of the planet Earth. 
         [0052]    The Ice Age: According to John and Katherine Imbrie (“Ice Ages”, solving the Mystery, page 11; Harvard University Press): “In North America, glacial ice spread out from centers near Hudson Bay to bury all of eastern Canada, New England, and much of the Midwest under a sheet of ice that averaged more than a mile in thickness. A second ice sheet spread out from centers in the Canadian Rockies and other highlands in western North America to engulf parts of Alaska, all of western Canada, and portions of Washington, Id., and Montana In Europe, the ice reached outward from Scandinavia and Scotland to cover most of Great Britain, Denmark, and large parts of northern Germany, Poland, and the Soviet Union.” 
         [0053]    This period in the earth&#39;s history has come to be called the ice age.” 
       Annex II 
     Language Origins Research, LOR 
       [0054]    Excerpts from the Paris Workshops (1997)
 
Chronological Frame (10 minutes, until 16:05) Presented as Introduction by Gyula Decsy, Goodbody Hall 141, Indiana University, Bloomington, Ind. 47405, USA.
 
Universe: 12-15 billion years
 
Earth: 4 billion years
 
Life: 2 billion years
 
Noise production: as old as air and motion (pre-pulonary noises/sounds)
 
Mammal pulmonary sounds: 60,000 years; phonemically H/E (?/a)
 
Humans: 4 or 5 million years
 
Bipedality: 3,6 million years; causes sinking of Larynx.
 
Unarticulated single-sound production with targeted call semantics (G. Revesz) in imperative mood appears (indicativization of communication): 200,000 years.
 
Sounds equentialization (birth of syllable); non-timbric sound sequences/syllables 100,000; (H?E; quantity, stress/intensity, pitch, register variables). Main speech communicative elements of Neanderthal.
 
Instinct-based reasoning: 70,000-80,000 years; time (tense) and modality.
 
Intensive sinking of Larynx: 35,000 years (Cro-Magnon).
 
Timbric sounds (oldest: u, I, aj, w, +nasal/nasalized velar consonants). 25,000 years. Chances for real iconicity given from this time on.
 
Perfection of pharyngovelar closure (anatomically, human [Cro-Magnon] only!: 20,000 years.
 
M, p, and t: (production of labials and stops becomes possible) 15,000 years
 
Bifurcation of voiceless media: (p/b, t/d, k/g) 12,000 years.
 
Monosyllabic units (CV) in large number with clear semantics: 11,000 years.
 
Red Marble Block products: (I/you [my/yours], light/dark, here/there, stay/go, good/bad [God/devil] 10,000 years. Note: concepts now reasoning-based; as instinctively:subhuman, (may be more ancient)
 
Beginning of abstraction ability on a broad base mainly by introducing the 3 rd  person: 9,000 years
 
Multilingualism begins Unfolding individualized-separate sound sequence production in local isolated clans: 8,500 years
 
Multisyllabicity (Posysyllabicity). Little professor at the campfire (inventionalism): 8,000 years.
 
Protolanguages (Indo-European, Uralic, Turkic, Mongolic, Semitic, Austro-Tai, etc.) in their shape: 8,000-7,000 years.
 
       Syntax and Morphology: 7,000-6,000 B.C. 
       [0055]    Abstract vocabulary: 4,000-1,500 B.C. 
       Linguistic Sophistication 500 B.C. 
     2.3 Relevance of Recent Very Ancient Fossil Finds for Language Origins Theories. 
       [0056]    Presented by Professor Dr. Marge E. Landsberg, University of Haifa, 1, Shikmona Street, Bat-Galm, Haifa 35014, Israel.
 
I would like to discuss the significance of the discoveries of the oldest fossil of human ancestors to be found together with stone implements and animal bones in northern Ethiopia by American, Ethiopian and Israeli scientists (this discovery is believed to be 2-3 million years old, cf. William Kimbel &amp; Erella Hovers &amp; Yost Rak, in the December 1996 issue of the Journal of Human Evolution), and Mary Leakey&#39;s announcement that their fossil discoveries in Tanzania and Kenya indicated that man&#39;s evolution began in East Africa far earlier than had been believed (cf. report on footprints found in volcanic ash that showed early hominids walked upright 3.5 million years ago), for a theory of language origins. Fortuitously, of course, these findings prove my own and P.V. Tobias&#39; theories as having been correct at the time.
 
[A pre-print version of the article (not to be quoted without author&#39;s consent) is available on request.)
 
2.5 Recapitulation of the Phylogenesis by Ontogenesis. (Guyla Décsy)
 
Ontogenesis has a different developmental rythm (time spans for language acquisition) than phylogenesis.
 
       Stages of Language Acquisition 
       [0057]    Synoptic diagram with statistics based on 
         [0058]    4 million years of phylogenetic age of mankind (left column), 
         [0059]    35,00 years of language ability of man (also left column), and 
         [0060]    70 years average human life-span (right column, onmtogenesis). 
         [0000]    Improved version after Semiotica 78:3-4 (1990). 353. We assume 35,000 years for development of the human language ability (from 35,000 B.C. to 2,000 A.D.) For technical reasons, data somewhat different from the chronological frame on p. 3-4 of this convolute. Ontogenetic data based on Peter A. Reich&#39;s book  Language Development , Englewood, N.J.: Prentice-Hall 1986, 387 pp., see my review in: Ural-Altaische Jahrbucher/Ural-Altaic Yearbook 61 (1989). 174. Months on the ontogenic side are regarded as 1/12 of year (12 months); year fragments are 0.4=three months, 0.6 half a year, etc., on the ontogenesis side). 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 (4 million years) 
                 (70 years) 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Subhuman/Prehuman till 35,000 
                 99.75% (−0)-0.6(0.2) 
                 0.28% 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Phylogenesis 
                 % 
                 Ontogenesis 
                 % 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 With language 
                 35,000 years 
                 0.27% 
                 69 years 
                 98.72%  
               
               
                 Separate timbric 
                 25,000 (10) 
                 28.57% 
                 0.5-0.8 (0.4) 
                 0.6% 
               
               
                 sounds 
               
               
                 Soundsequences 
                 24,000 (2) 
                 2.85% 
                 0.8-1.0 (0.4) 
                 0.6% 
               
               
                 (timbric) 
               
               
                 First 50 words 
                 22,000 (2) 
                 2.85% 
                 1.0-1.5 (0.2) 
                 0.3% 
               
               
                 300 words, phrases, 
                 20,000 (2) 
                 2.85% 
                 1.5-2.3 (0.8) 
                 0.7% 
               
               
                 inflection 
               
               
                 Creative 
                 10,000 (10) 
                 28.57% 
                 2.3-3.0 (0.7) 
                 0.7% 
               
               
                 constructions 
               
               
                 Syntax post- 
                  5,000 (3.5) 
                 14.28% 
                 3.6-6.0 (2.5) 
                 3.8% 
               
               
                 Abstract vocabulary 
                  1,500 B.C. 
                 10.00% 
                  6.0-10 (4.0) 
                 5.7% 
               
               
                 Linguistic 
                   500 B.C. 
                 7.14% 
                  10-25 (15.0) 
                 21.4%  
               
               
                 sophistication 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       3.1 The Wundt-Principle: a Basic Observation (Chair) 
       [0061]    Basic observation formulated as early as 1922 by Wilhelm Wundt in his Volkerpsychologie: The sound is gesture (Der Laut is ein Gebarde). Details Decsy 1983.102. In this sense, the language—and even the sound production—is certainly of gestural origin. Gestures as result of motion are very old, centered in the archaic parts of the brain (cerebellum). However, in the brain the speech centers are located in the neopallium (Brocka/Wernicke areas). Speech production is, according to this, a relatively late fine-modulative non-motoric motion topologically quite far from the mostly motoric-reflexive steering center in the archaic parts of the human brain. 
       4. Physei/Thesei: Relation Between Concept and Sign 
     4.1 Terms 
       [0062]    Ever since Plato, linguists have tried to find an appropriate term to designate the two basic types of relation between concept and sign. We prefer the terms printed in Italics. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
               
                 Physei 
                 Thesei/nomoi 
                 Plato 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 Tonikonism 
                 Tonsymbolik 
                 Décsy (in German) 
               
               
                 Direct 
                 indirect 
                 See Décsy 1981.16 
               
               
                   
                   
                 (Sprachherkunftsforschung II). 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Note: 
               
               
                 1. Our present-day languages operate on a theseic (non-iconic) basis. 
               
               
                 2. The signs of animals are mostly theseic and not iconic (Décsy 1983.61 with references). 
               
               
                 3. Anti-iconism is a powerful factor in the operation of human communication. A sign can be iconic at its creation and rise; however, in practical use, it soon becomes a symbol (Décsy 1983.38). 
               
             
          
         
       
     
       7.2 A Statement for the Language Origins Society (Amsterdam, the Netherlands). 
     Language Origins Research: From Prohibition to Positive Contribution. 
       [0063]    Presented by Dr. Bernard H. Bichakjian, President, Language Orgins Society, Katholicke Universitet, Department of French, P.O. Box 9103 HG Nijmegen, The Netherlands. The Language Origins Societe was founded in 1985 in Crackow, Poland. In 1996 (Membership Directory) 210 members from European and overseas countries.
 
Though dogmatic behavior is by no means a rarity within schools of thought, scientists would readily agree in principle that no anathema should be cast on any type of research leading to a better understanding of observational data. And in the name of such a principle, one is ready to condemn the Société Linguistique de Paris for banning the presentation of papers on language origins.
 
       It was an Act of Censure, Something Hardly Suited for a Learned Society. 
       [0064]    Yet, if the procedure was unquestionably wrong, the underlying concern was not spurious. The fundamental question that the decision makers were asking themselves was whether, on the strength of their expertise and on the basis of the empirical data from known or reconstructed languages, linguists could propose scientifically acceptable hypotheses on the origin of human language. This was a responsible question to ask, and experience had convinced them that the answer should be no. Thence to ban. Today, while the ban has long been lifted, the fundamental question is still there. Can linguists contribute to language origins research? The answer is an unequivocal “yes”, but we have to be careful not to overreach. Reconstructing proto world like scholars reconstructed Prot-Indo-European is not one of the options. We can however, in cooperation with population geneticists, draw the ultimate genealogical tree of the world&#39;s languages. This is already done with reasonable success. But we could make a far more meaningful contribution by tracing the development of linguistic features and by inferring the principles that have guided the evolution of languages. But that would require the abandoning of a cherished myth, and mainstream linguists are not ready for it 
         [0065]    In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, it was fashionable to believe that evolution was de cyclical process. The Scottish geologist James Hutton saw the earth as a perpetual machine which, in the words of his catchy phrase, displayed “no vestige of a beginning, no prospect of an end.” The British geologist and naturalist Charles Lyell extended Hutton&#39;s view to the history of species, but the theories of Lamarck and Darwin combined with the evidence from molecular biology soon proved that the cyclical account was a complete fallacy. In geology, it was the theory of the Big Bang and its supporting evidence that dealt a fatal blow to the cyclical dream. Today, Hutton&#39;s and Lyell&#39;s uniformitariansm is completely rejected, and the time&#39;s arrow has replaced the time&#39;s wheel. 
         [0066]    Mainstream linguists unfortunately have not come so far yet—they passionately cling on to the cyclical idea and reject the evolutionary approach with contempt and visceral aversion. As a vector of literature and philosophy, language has of course an undeniable cultural dimension, but the linguistic implement is also just that, an implement with a biological dimension of its own. It is therefore imperative for linguists to examine the neuromuscular underpinnings and assess the selection ressures that weigh upon them in order to understand the nature and the developmental history of the linguistic features they support. This is the task that awaits today&#39;s linguists. If they should accept to carry it out, they will be able to outline the developmental steps of the linguistic implement and uncover the process that has guided its evolution. Such an endeavor will not reveal the features of the ultimate protolanguage, anymore than the phylogenetic survey of primates would yield the blueprint of invertebrates, but it would help us understand the developmental process and guard us against embarrassing assumptions about the ancestral vernacular. That would be the contemporary linguist&#39;s contribution to language origins research, and it would not be an insignificant one. 
       Annex III 
     The Cassidy Code 
       [0067]    Awareness about Basic Guttural Consonants, BGC, perdurable presence, since illo tempore, in Hamito-Semitic languages, and conspicuous absence anong Indo-European and Uralic languages, raises a case of interest. Tunsi Long Range Comparison, LRC, with English and Suomi languages entails discovery of regular differences, alternations, and reversal patterns hidden in the data. A brand new approach emerges facilitating languages LRC, and easing Language Origins Research. 
         [0068]    The Cassidy Code is Sumerian, Grimm and Verner Laws sequel, alternating BGC with mostly unvoiced consonants or apocope entailing a forward shift of articulation basis, due finer pronunciation, and adding the transmogrifying reversals. The idea is to put forward a parallel code, in LRC of languages and LOR quests, to the focus on separate wide swaths of straight cognations. Predictably, Sumerian alternations, as well as their sequel might play a pivotal role in the LOR, due MT, according to the following BGC alternations gamut. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 BGC 
                 ▾ 
                 ∞ 
                 ∞ 
                 ∞ 
                 ∞ 
                 ∞ 
                 ∞ 
                 ∞ 
               
               
                 Gh 
                 ▾ 
                 G 
                 W 
                 F 
                 Ng 
               
               
                 Dh 
                 ▾ 
                 D 
                 Z 
                 S 
                 B 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 ▾ 
                 K 
                 W 
                 G 
                 T 
                 Ng 
                 Ll 
                 Gl 
               
               
                 Kh 
                 ▾ 
                 J 
                 Y 
                 Sh 
                 H 
                 LL 
                 S 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 ▾ 
                 W 
                 V 
                 Sh 
                 H 
                 S 
                 F 
                 L 
               
               
                 H 
                 ▾ 
                 K 
                 S 
                 Sh 
                 
                           
                 
                 T 
                 
                           
                 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 ▾ 
                 H 
                 S 
                 Sh 
                 D 
                 K 
                 F 
                 L 
               
               
                 Th 
                 ▾ 
                 T 
                 D 
                 K 
                 Z 
               
               
                 Th 
                 ▾ 
                 T 
                 D 
                 F 
                 S 
               
               
                 Ss 
                 ▾ 
                 T 
                 D 
                 S 
                 Z 
               
               
                 Tt 
                 ▾ 
                 T 
                 S 
                 Sh 
                 Z 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0069]    The Cassidy Code is sui generic. Its three pillars (apocopy, alternations, reverse) made it unprecedented, unheard of before February the ninth of 2004, unfussy, unflappable, unique, universal, unequivocal enforcer, and not likely to be surpassed. Take it out of the picture, and there is no telling what might have happened to the cognations. 
         [0070]    Hereafter alternation and reversal samples easy to process according to the Sumerian alternations, and The Cassidy Code: tafsha ∞θ spot; mermez ∞θ simmer, kif ∞θ wiselshape; raka          ∞θ ∞ secure; kyf ∞θ fun; nefa          a ∞θ weapon shnowa ∞ ∞ clue know ∞∞ monk; ghamza ∞∞ wink;          ewa ∞▾ eva; tell          abib ▾ ∞∞ Tel aviv; tharwa θ worth; thor (ox) θ roth; woh θ how; chum θ much; rou          ∞ θ soul; elä         ä ∞ elävä (Sm) ∞ ▾ life; dooleb θ blood; sälä         ä ▾ sale;          ara ∞ four;          oma (neighborhood) ∞ home;          oush ∞ house; khif ∞θ fix; Yousef ∞ Joseph ∞ Jehovah (Hb) ∞ kasem (Ar), Guiseppi (It); ra         ama (Ar) a ∞∞θ masr (Egypt);          aram, center ∞ haram (Ar) Pyramid; Sellälä V Selälä (Sm) ∞ Sunna (Ar) ∞θ Legacy;          oka θ Bokh ∞ box 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
               
                 Jellaz ∞ Dallas ∞ Colli(na)s (Sp) ▾ ∞ Ellas ∞ Ellah ∞           ay (Sum.) 
               
               
                 (Eastside, Sunrise, Holy Ground, cemetery) 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Dhaw ∞Day ∞ Daw(n) ∞θ God; 
                 Ydhahhak (Laughter) ∞ Izahhak ▾ 
               
               
                   
                 ∞ Isaac (Hb) ∞θ Cassidy; 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Annex IV 
     The Tunsi Language 
       [0071]    The Tunsi is a highly evolved, agglutinative language. Morphemes of known general meaning are glued together in speech, to convey a third distinct meaning. Flexible, resilient, affluent and witty, this old language shows no trace of arthropathy, like the majority of agglutinative languages. The Tunsi Language is part of the Berber phylum of languages, which is known as the Hamitic branch of the Proto Hamito-Semitic Language. Conversely the Arabic language follows the unique tri-consonantal pattern for all the basic verbs. Ten derivations from the basic verbs encompass the whole basic vocabulary. Vocalization of the three basic consonants completes all its grammar. 
         [0000]    How to define a Berber?. According to the “Encyclopedie Berbere” (p. 12):
       “Est Berbere ce qui n&#39;est pas d&#39;origine etrangere, c&#39;est a dire ce qui n&#39;est ni punique, ni latin, ni vandale, ni bizantin, ni arabe, ni turc, ni europeen (francais, espagnol, italien)” . . .
 
The fundamental characteristics of the Tunsi are the morphological, syntactical aspects delineated in the next 40 entries:
       
 
         [0073]    1) Basic Guttural Consonants: “L&#39;Encyclopedie Berbere” (Tome I.40) delineates the Berber alphabet as follows: 
         [0000]                                                “Labials:   b, f, m.           Velars:   γ (gh), x (kh)           Dentals:   d, t, d (dh),            (th), n           Sifflantes:   z, s, z, s           Chuintantes:   zh (‘j’ French), s (‘ch’ French)           Palatals:   g, k, q           Liquids:   l, r, R           Pharyngeals:   ε (‘ain),                      Laryngeals:   h           Affricates:   ts, dz,               {hacek over (c)} (tch), {hacek over (g)} (dj)           Semi-Vowels:   y, w.”                        
The ten BGC are the following: dh,          , gh, kh, q/          th, Th, Ss
 
         [0074]    In our LRC of languages we must carefully manipulate the comparison of one Hamitic language, which is endowed with all the most archaic primordial elements of the human sound sequence language, with two languages, completely deprived of all these ten primordial BGC. 
         [0075]    2) The doublet homosyllabic (198) verbs (cf. pp. 30-32): Two syllables, with opposite emphasis, stressed and unstressed. A balanced pair of closed syllables, (CvC), with four consonants. A tetragrammation, a divine perfection, just like the genes in a live cell 
         [0076]    3) The doublet heterosyllabic (594) verbs (see Annex V). 
         [0077]    4) The agglutination system by which the meaning of the phrase is articulated by a quadriletter word. 
         [0078]    5) The root of verbs and nouns remain unchanged. The first closed syllable is the root of the word. In Arabic all the vowels vary. Conversely, in Tunsi vowel inflection always occurs only in the second closed syllable. 
         [0079]    6) Preposition “ät/at” for intransitive verbs, (also in Livonian): ät jabbes stick, ät jabbed leave, ät rabbis wait, ät bäznyt move slowly, ät mällä          don&#39;t care, āt lāwwā          assault, āt shā          bāt climb up, āt           āzzāz difficult to get, āt zāεbān resist, āt rākkāk annoy, āt wā          wā          suffer intensely, āt rā          rā          expand, āt ka          bār get round. 
         [0000]    This preposition exists in almost all Berber dialects as: ad, at, alt, etc . . . . 
         [0080]    7) Exceptions to the rule of biletter or quadriletters verbs: there are several tri-consonantal Tunsi verbs: xazar stare,          athar stumble, naghar negate, qafaz outstand, shata          dance,          aras be serious, rābā          earn,          ārāf nose bleeding; kārāf surmise; salakh slaughter, ghamaz wink,          ā         ās sneeze,          āmās be upset,          āmāz kick, fālāt escape, qaras pinch; mā{hacek over (g)}ādh chew, ghalas dive. 
         [0081]    8) The imperative mood: Prime words had been orders or requests (usually in one closed syllable (CvC): jib give, qom come, shed grab, hiz take, hāt upfront, ro          leave, shem smell, rod pay, herr talk, door turn, diz push, ty          fall; aya go, fyq wake up, qirr confess, lyz insist, ross squeeze, qus cut, shuf look, xalli leave, mos suck, boos kiss, yoz seize, qyd handle, sob pour, xodh (shake), xoodh take, sād close, ko          cough. 
         [0082]    9) The verb Wolla (to be, to become) and its evolution to only (o), like in: mä o mäshit, tä o tämshi, hä o mäshä he is gone. The same process occurred in Suomi (Finnish), from Wolla (to be) it became Olla, and from mina olen, tinä olet, it mutated to: mä on I am, tä on (you are). 
         [0083]    10) The existence of a thematic harmony of vowels. Front and back vowels ā and a, ö and o, and the median e and i. 
         [0084]    11) Derivatives by means of suffixes: dis, hide, Ra-dis, sun-set; haa like&gt;Ra-haa, grinder; Ra-Bux (God-Ra), 
         [0085]    12) Peculiar process in the formation of adverbs:          äräbha, hubris; seibo, enough; ekhit, disgusting; iffit, stinky; la budda, no but; immälälä, of course; māzāl, not yet; bel          ani, deliberately; shāmātā, spite; tālāni, last; 
         [0086]    13) Adjectives: nabra brand new, douni mean,          āsidā dicey, xorda ruined, botti fat,          awi senile, rāzin heavy, wise, rawi healthy,          irfi raw, māssous spiceless, māhāf clever, derwish shrewed, ārguit agile, mi          ā sticky, mhl          great,          ashir friend,          ānān brown, suuri tall, māsri short, berish red, tārmyz smart, qarous dark, shelbā white, jifā stinky, tātā dumb, shāārif elder,          ālloush lamb, very young. 
         [0087]    14) The system of declension by means of casual prefix, and suffixes: Genitive case by the prefixe “m”: m&#39;derbal thickky, mwwāj skew, m&#39;bāzzāε overlapping, m′bārqāsh adorned, m&#39;louleb fitting, m&#39;zāwwār clever, m&#39;bāssās tender, m&#39;zāyyān motley, m&#39;sāttāk retarded, m&#39;zāwwāq variegated, m&#39;sācwwāf rotten, m&#39;fāwwā          spicy, m&#39;jābbār casted, m&#39;dārwāl foolish, m&#39;εākrāsh curvilinear. 
         [0000]    Illative case (illa): qirbillā smart, leikillā playing;
 
Partitive case (ta): bolta half half, xoltā aquaintance;
 
Inessive case (issa):          alawissa dumb; condlissa candlelike; sissān roots.
 
         [0088]    15) Ideophones: they are different from interjections and paralinguistic expressions. They delineate silence, color, smell, temperature, speed, duration, different moods, and even different manners of walking: Shārshār trickle, wāshwāsh whisper, shārnān tinging, zāghrāt hubbub, gārgār rattle, neghnegh deny, zāwwāk cry noisily, daddash move slowly, neggaz leap, qashqash check, kashkash foam, da         da          fatten, zāwwāq color, wāshshām tattoo, 
         [0089]    16) There are four different forms of plural and dual:
       a) By adding the infix u after the first consonant: Gabsi/Guabsia.   b) The archaic collective plural by reduplication of the word itself: cus, center, pi. cuscus; and ber pink/red pl. Berber occidentals.   c) A third form of plural by an end word suffix n:          al solution,          alfa creation,          alfawi creator,          alfawi-n, pl. creators.   d) The suffix (wi) for the doer. The suffix (gi): guerba, goatskin, guerbagi water supplier, plural with a suffix (a): guerbagia.       
 
         [0094]    17) The plural marker in conjugation is, also, the suffix u: nshuf, I see, tshuf, you see, nshufu, we see, tshufu, you, yshufu, they see. 
         [0095]    18) The existence of a negative conjugation unknown to any other language phyla: ma . . . sh, without; mātā&gt;shāmātā, spite deliberately. Like Malaisian, ma . . . bu, and French ne . . . pas. 
         [0096]    19) Presence of infixes in Tunsi verbs and negative conjugation. 
         [0097]    20) The prefix, tā/ta is a definer: tämäzigh, the forest dweller; tätäouin, the mountain; tātuän, the pillars; täzärkä, the blue, tämärzä, the port; täkrunä, crown; täjärouin, tābessā, watery; tāmozrot, Tābārqā, Tāburbā virgin land, Tāj/tāz apex, etc . . . . 
         [0098]    21) Suffix ‘nä’ meaning ‘like’ &gt;bodään bodylike. Or the ‘doer’:          ännä henne,          ännänä the applier of henne; fousha&gt;foushana brushlike, shousha bulge&gt;shoushana outward curve. 
         [0099]    22) Suffix ‘haa’ as ‘likeness’: luhaa wood, bonelike, rahaa grinder. 
         [0100]    23) The opposite by the suffix (wa): da illness&gt;dawa medecine; Ghod light&gt;Ghodwa tomorrow, darkness, night, beginning of the next day. 
         [0101]    24) Suffixes: dis hide&gt;         adis lentils, radis sunset, west; ālā&gt;nemālā aunt, rottilā tarantula. 
         [0102]    25) The suffix Dha excess: khodha brouhaha, khomadha chamade 
         [0103]    26) The future expressed in Tunsi by the preposition “besh”. Importance of the word “be”: ash beek?, what is the matter?; matha biya, I would like, besh, will do in the future, bel by the means of. 
         [0104]    27) The letter F, as a formative consonant: fārā leg&#39;s calf. fār/far is the root for fārzit cigale, fārzazou drone, fārεoon pharaoh, fārtās bald, fārfār purple, fārāwlo strawberry, fārtāttö butterfly, fārqā          overlap, fārshāx destroy, fārεās put in shambles, fa  r gād disseminate, fārkās fetch, fār         āq brag, fārqā          explode, fārrāk dissemble, fārrāq separate. 
         [0105]    28) Categories of forests: Shel (forest): shel         ā (forest language), shelyum (mustache). Shelilā (eastern side, sunrise). Meshtā&gt;mehta&gt;metta&gt;messa&gt;mekka&gt;maze&gt;meda: (hill forest); wor (forest): worgala (large forest); fer (plantation): feriana (forest like); rif (rural); woodrof (woodrow); foushānā (brushlike grove). 
         [0106]    29) For our food gatherers forefathers: ghalla (fruit); Senegal, Portugal, Galicia, Gaule, Galles, Wales, are at the MEZ sunset side 
         [0107]    30) Fās           ain, eyeiris; fās           adhma, yoke; fās bellara, glass. The concept is separation. And Qāfās, cage, cubicle with six obstacles. 
         [0108]    31) Coupling, two entities, in the same word: Zāgh small mountain, an water, became zāghwan; qara due west, an&gt;qarwan; Ra sun, Bukh God: the power beyond the sun, became Rabukh=God Ra; Ra sun, Sham plantation&gt;Rasham drawing. 
         [0109]    32) Special expressions: Woh, how; haka like this, hakaka got it; tarah? show me;          al solution,          ala bad shape,          alila very bad shape,          alilto cute,          alawet sweet; fej way; fāllā duct through;          ājjā scrambled&gt;         ājj-āj dust 
         [0000]              ājj-āb miracle&gt;         ajj-ālā agility;          ajj-im first,          ājjin dough; annil/allil creation/Nile, annul loom; siblā excuse. 
         [0110]    33) Words of agreement: hakaka (got it), Yakhi (ergo), tawtaw (now) 
         [0111]    34) Dilemma: Ämä hākā—willā hākā last choice: this or that. 
         [0112]    35) Quantities: kaεba (piece), tarf (part), shaber (span), dhrac (cubit), oqeya (ounce), balyon (gallon), flous (quantity of money), barsha (several), nod (lot), kamsha (handcatch), εanqod (grapes), εarjoun (bundle), saε (2.5 kgs), wyba (26 kgs), qafiz (16 wyba), qartalla (oblong basket), sandouq (case), kila (size),          arbusha (pill),          āfnā (handful), sālεā (merchandise). 
         [0113]    36) Cooking and baking: tābexa to bake&lt;bejā=bexā&lt;vega. All of them originated from the word Bokh=box, from which we had RaBokh God Ra, boxor encens, bāwwāx generate vapor. As we know baking is heating to a degree several ingredients. We have a choice of meals: marqa gravy, molokhiya milk like,          sew stew, m&#39;darbal thick gravy, bissārā mashed peas,          āsydā dicey, tajin quiche, mā         joun jam, m&#39;jāmmār crispy, m&#39;rāwwāb ripe, tāxtox gravy, moqly fried), meshwi/boshmāt roasted. 
         [0114]    37) Direction: ghā-di, ghadika, ra-dis, Bou mer-dās western side, sunset). 
         [0115]    38) Word for attention: bāl, bālikshi?, let see?, jā           ālā bāli crossed my mind; bārā bālik, go your side; bola a pee. 
         [0116]    39) Expressions of wonder: Izzā         ?, Saturn like: zah-muel, Saturn shining, zo         -al, Saturn invisible; Izzār? plenty. 
         [0117]    40) The Tunsi-English LRC (660 words) (Dr. Noureddin Zahmoul, The Cassidy Code. 2005, 54-63): all these words are metasomatic, having undergone one or several RD metamorphosis. For only these 660 English words we enumerate 171 apocope, 525 alternations, 16 assimilations, 4 metathesis, and 367 reversals. A total of 1083 metamorphoses meaning an average of 1.64 degrees of separations between the 660 words of the two languages. 122 out of the 660 English words have undergone only one metamorphosis. 
       Annex V 
       [0118]    Lauri Posti Dissertation 
       Studies in Linguistics Vol. 11, Nos. 34, 1953 
       [0119]    Posti, Lauri, From Pre-Finnic to Late Proto-Finnic: studies on the development of the consonant system. Helsinki, 1953, 91 p. (Finnish-ugrische Forschungen 31, Fasc. 1-2). [P60.D1125. Reviews: Finnic languages—Historical phonology.] Reviewed by Alo Raun, Indiana University. The subdivisions of this article, treating the various changes, are: 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
               
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 1. 
                 The change 
                 s &gt; h 
               
               
                 2. 
                 The treatment of 
                 ts 
               
               
                 3. 
                 The treatment of 
                 ts 
               
             
          
           
               
                 4. 
                 The treatment of palatalized consonants 
               
               
                 5. 
                 The disappearance of n as an independent consonant 
               
             
          
           
               
                 6. 
                 The change 
                 −m &gt; −n 
               
               
                 7. 
                 The change 
                 mt &gt; nt 
               
               
                 8. 
                 The treatment of 
                 kt 
               
               
                 9. 
                 The treatment of 
                 pt 
               
               
                 10. 
                 The change 
                 ti &gt; si 
               
             
          
           
               
                 11. 
                 The treatment of nasal + stop in syllable-final position 
               
             
          
           
               
                 12. 
                 The alternation 
                 s &gt; h 
               
               
                 13. 
                 The assimilation 
                 ln &gt; ll 
               
               
                 14. 
                 The treatment of 
                 sn 
               
             
          
           
               
                 15. 
                 The treatment of stop + sibilant in syllable-final position 
               
               
                 16. 
                 The loss of v, j under certain conditions. 
               
               
                 17. 
                 The origin of gradation. Posti is especially interested in 
               
               
                   
                 this problem: “How are we to explain the fact that so many 
               
               
                   
                 important changes took place within this relatively short 
               
               
                   
                   (1)  period?”(p.2). According to him (87) during the 
               
               
                   
                 Proto-Finnic period ten  (2)  consonants were lost, such as 
               
               
                   
                 were lacking in Proto-Baltic or Proto-Germanic or in both of them. 
               
               
                   
                 Therefore Posti attributes the consonant changes 2, 4, 7, 8, 9, 13, 
               
               
                   
                 15, and partially also 2, 3, 6, and 14 to Germanic influence, and 5, 
               
               
                   
                 10, and partially 2, 3, 6, and 8 to Baltic influence. Also Posti holds 
               
               
                   
                 it possible that the gradation (no 17), also called ‘quantity alternation’ 
               
               
                   
                   (3)  or ‘stage shift’  (4)  was caused by Verner&#39;s law in 
               
               
                   
                 Germanic’ (90, details 76-81). Thus, only the changes 11, 12, 
               
               
                   
                 16, and partially 14 would be free of foreign influence. According to 
               
               
                   
                 Posti the Proto-Finns borrowed ‘a great number’  (5)  of 
               
               
                   
                 loanwords both from Proto-Baltic and Proto-Germanic. ‘There may 
               
               
                   
                 have been areas with a mixed population and with a considerable 
               
               
                   
                 number of bilingual speakers’. The last paragraph of Posti&#39;s article: 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0120]    When the bilingual speakers of Baltic or Germanic origin spoke Finnic (6) , they pronounced it according to their own speech habits. If there were consonants or consonant-groups in Finnic, which did not occur in their own sound-system, they substituted the closest equivalents of their own language. These pronunciation habits were adopted by the neighboring Finnic population of ten perhaps because of the higher social prestige of the foreigners. Gradually the new pronunciation, with such minor modifications as the Finnic sound-system may have made necessary, (7)  spread over the whole Proto-Finnic area. Thus we can say that the majority of the Proto-Finnic consonant changes are due to a Baltic or Germanic superstratum. It should be noted, however, that the changes caused by Germanic influence are by far more numerous that the changes due to the Baltic contacts. (90-1).