Abstract:
Techniques are provided for analyzing data called “pivot points” which allows users to instantly generate a report based on all available dimensions for any cell in a tabular report or any data point in a graphical report. In one embodiment, the techniques involve placing a unique UI element or menu next to or on each data point, and clicking on this UI element brings up an automatically filtered list of the valid reports available for just this sub-set of the data. Once the user selects which view they want, a report is automatically generated based on those dimensions with just this subset of data.

Description:
PRIORITY CLAIM 
       [0001]    This application claims the benefit of the provisional patent application Ser. No. 60/844,309 filed Sep. 12, 2006, the contents of which are incorporated herein by this reference. 
     
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    This invention relates to the reporting and analysis of tabular and graphical data. 
       BACKGROUND 
       [0003]    Traditional multi-dimensional reporting mechanisms allow the user to change the dimensions of a tabular report (often called a pivot table) or click on a particular cell and “drill down” to see a more detailed view of that data item along the same dimensions as the current report. Current mechanisms allow either: 
         [0004]    1. The user to change the dimensions of the entire report 
         [0005]    2. User can take the data in a single cell and show it against two new dimensions 
         [0006]    2. View details of a single item in the same dimensions 
         [0007]    Neither of these mechanisms allows the user to perform instant analysis on a single data value across multiple dimensions. Therefore, an improved mechanism for multi-dimensional reporting is desirable. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0008]    Techniques are provided for analyzing data called “pivot points” which allows users to instantly generate a report based on all available dimensions for any cell in a tabular report or any data point in a graphical report. In one embodiment, the techniques involve: 
         [0009]    1. The system places a unique UI element or menu next to or on each data point 
         [0010]    2. Clicking on this UI element brings up an automatically filtered list of the valid reports or Dimensions available for just this sub-set of the data. 
         [0011]    Once the user selects which view they want, a report is automatically generated based on those dimensions with just this subset of data 
     
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0012]    The present invention is illustrated by way of example, and not by way of limitation, in the figures of the accompanying drawings and in which like reference numerals refer to similar elements and in which: 
           [0013]      FIG. 1  is an example data set that is used to facilitate an explanation of embodiments of the invention; 
           [0014]      FIG. 2  is a simple report displaying all bugs by operating system and priority; 
           [0015]      FIGS. 3A and 3B  are block diagrams that illustrate a two step menu list that allows a user to two new dimensions for a new report; 
           [0016]      FIG. 4  is a block diagram that illustrates a report that would be generated if a user selects Product by Assigned to as dimensions from the menu, according to an embodiment of the invention; 
           [0017]      FIGS. 5   a  and  5   b  are block diagrams that illustrate how valid dimensions would be displayed if a user chose to analyze the issues in an overall total cell, according to an embodiment of the invention; 
           [0018]      FIG. 6  is a block diagram illustrating a report that would result from selecting reporter by assigned to, according to an embodiment of the invention; and 
           [0019]      FIG. 7  is a block diagram illustrating a computer system upon which embodiments of the invention may be implemented. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0020]    In the following description, for the purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. It will be apparent, however, that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the present invention. 
         [0021]    The  FIGS. 1-4  illustrate how the Pivot Point method works with a very simple data set related to bugs in a software development setting. Software bugs were used for the example data set since it is likely familiar to most professionals working in software field. The approach described works independently of the kind of data being reported upon and could just as easily apply to virtually any data set. 
         [0022]    Techniques described herein relate to how the end-user interacts with the data set in question, not how the data sets are stored or generated. So, the techniques work independently of how the data is stored and how the report itself is generated. The source data itself could be stored in a relational database (RDBMS), a multi-dimensional database, a spreadsheet or any other electronic store. The reports themselves could be generated using any of the many well known reporting techniques. 
         [0023]      FIG. 1  provides an example data set. All other figures are based on this sample data. For simplicity the data set is small, but the techniques work with any multi-dimensional data set. 
         [0024]      FIG. 2  is a simple report displaying all bugs by operating system and priority. Notice the “pivot” icon next to each cell. A “right click” menu (a menu displayed when clicking the right or secondary mouse button in a standard graphical user interface) on the data element itself could also be used instead of the icon. 
         [0025]    Now for example suppose that the user is interested in the “Normal” priority Bugs on “Windows” operating system, by clicking on the “pivot point” next to this cell (Element 1), the system automatically gives the user the ability to select two new dimension for the new report on this subset of the data. This list of dimensions is automatically filtered by the data point in question. In this example, “Priority” is not shown as a valid dimension for further analysis. This is because all data elements in this cell are of a single priority (normal) so a further report on that dimension would not be meaningful. Similarly the “Operating System” dimension is not available because all data elements in this cell are related to a single Operating System, in this case “windows”. 
         [0026]    From the two step menu list in  FIGS. 3A and 3B , the user can select two new dimensions for the new report and the system will automatically generate that report based on the data in the active cell (in this case 2 normal bugs for windows). The system automatically filters the subsequent report to include just the data points underlying the cell in question. 
         [0027]    Two step menu could easily be replaced by predefined reports list (which are on appropriate dimensions) 
         [0028]      FIG. 4  shows the report that would be generated if the user had selected Product by Assigned to as dimensions from the menu. Notice that the report generated includes just the 2 normal windows bugs in question. 
         [0029]    A similar approach can be applied to any data value in the report and a similar process is used to display on the meaningful dimensions for that particular data element. To illustrate how this works with different data values in the same report,  FIGS. 5A and 5B  show the valid dimensions which would be displayed if the user chose to analyze the four issues in the overall total cell. All available dimensions are shown in this case however, since the data elements in question span multiple priorities and operating systems. After making selection in the first popup menu (in this case selecting “reporter”), that selection is no longer available in the second popup menu. 
         [0030]      FIG. 6  shows the report that would result from selecting reporter by assigned to. Notice once again that the data set automatically filtered to the four issues in question. 
         [0031]    The same techniques can be used with by clicking on “pivot points” next to or “right clicking” on data elements in graphical reports such as bar charts, line charts, scatter plots etc. 
       Hardware Overview 
       [0032]      FIG. 7  is a block diagram that illustrates a computer system  700  upon which an embodiment of the invention may be implemented. Computer system  700  includes a bus  702  or other communication mechanism for communicating information, and a processor  704  coupled with bus  702  for processing information. Computer system  700  also includes a main memory  706 , such as a random access memory (RAM) or other dynamic storage device, coupled to bus  702  for storing information and instructions to be executed by processor  704 . Main memory  706  also may be used for storing temporary variables or other intermediate information during execution of instructions to be executed by processor  704 . Computer system  700  further includes a read only memory (ROM)  708  or other static storage device coupled to bus  702  for storing static information and instructions for processor  704 . A storage device  710 , such as a magnetic disk or optical disk, is provided and coupled to bus  702  for storing information and instructions. 
         [0033]    Computer system  700  may be coupled via bus  702  to a display  712 , such as a cathode ray tube (CRT), for displaying information to a computer user. An input device  714 , including alphanumeric and other keys, is coupled to bus  702  for communicating information and command selections to processor  704 . Another type of user input device is cursor control  716 , such as a mouse, a trackball, or cursor direction keys for communicating direction information and command selections to processor  704  and for controlling cursor movement on display  712 . This input device typically has two degrees of freedom in two axes, a first axis (e.g., x) and a second axis (e.g., y), that allows the device to specify positions in a plane. 
         [0034]    The invention is related to the use of computer system  700  for implementing the techniques described herein. According to one embodiment of the invention, those techniques are performed by computer system  700  in response to processor  704  executing one or more sequences of one or more instructions contained in main memory  706 . Such instructions may be read into main memory  706  from another machine-readable medium, such as storage device  710 . Execution of the sequences of instructions contained in main memory  706  causes processor  704  to perform the process steps described herein. In alternative embodiments, hard-wired circuitry may be used in place of or in combination with software instructions to implement the invention. Thus, embodiments of the invention are not limited to any specific combination of hardware circuitry and software. 
         [0035]    The term “machine-readable medium” as used herein refers to any medium that participates in providing data that causes a machine to operation in a specific fashion. In an embodiment implemented using computer system  700 , various machine-readable media are involved, for example, in providing instructions to processor  704  for execution. Such a medium may take many forms, including but not limited to storage media and transmission media. Storage media includes both non-volatile media and volatile media. Non-volatile media includes, for example, optical or magnetic disks, such as storage device  710 . Volatile media includes dynamic memory, such as main memory  706 . Transmission media includes coaxial cables, copper wire and fiber optics, including the wires that comprise bus  702 . Transmission media can also take the form of acoustic or light waves, such as those generated during radio-wave and infra-red data communications. All such media must be tangible to enable the instructions carried by the media to be detected by a physical mechanism that reads the instructions into a machine. 
         [0036]    Common forms of machine-readable media include, for example, a floppy disk, a flexible disk, hard disk, magnetic tape, or any other magnetic medium, a CD-ROM, any other optical medium, punchcards, papertape, any other physical medium with patterns of holes, a RAM, a PROM, and EPROM, a FLASH-EPROM, any other memory chip or cartridge, a carrier wave as described hereinafter, or any other medium from which a computer can read. 
         [0037]    Various forms of machine-readable media may be involved in carrying one or more sequences of one or more instructions to processor  704  for execution. For example, the instructions may initially be carried on a magnetic disk of a remote computer. The remote computer can load the instructions into its dynamic memory and send the instructions over a telephone line using a modem. A modem local to computer system  700  can receive the data on the telephone line and use an infra-red transmitter to convert the data to an infra-red signal. An infra-red detector can receive the data carried in the infra-red signal and appropriate circuitry can place the data on bus  702 . Bus  702  carries the data to main memory  706 , from which processor  704  retrieves and executes the instructions. The instructions received by main memory  706  may optionally be stored on storage device  710  either before or after execution by processor  704 . 
         [0038]    Computer system  700  also includes a communication interface  718  coupled to bus  702 . Communication interface  718  provides a two-way data communication coupling to a network link  720  that is connected to a local network  722 . For example, communication interface  718  may be an integrated services digital network (ISDN) card or a modem to provide a data communication connection to a corresponding type of telephone line. As another example, communication interface  718  may be a local area network (LAN) card to provide a data communication connection to a compatible LAN. Wireless links may also be implemented. In any such implementation, communication interface  718  sends and receives electrical, electromagnetic or optical signals that carry digital data streams representing various types of information. 
         [0039]    Network link  720  typically provides data communication through one or more networks to other data devices. For example, network link  720  may provide a connection through local network  722  to a host computer  724  or to data equipment operated by an Internet Service Provider (ISP)  726 . ISP  726  in turn provides data communication services through the world wide packet data communication network now commonly referred to as the “Internet”  728 . Local network  722  and Internet  728  both use electrical, electromagnetic or optical signals that carry digital data streams. The signals through the various networks and the signals on network link  720  and through communication interface  718 , which carry the digital data to and from computer system  700 , are exemplary forms of carrier waves transporting the information. 
         [0040]    Computer system  700  can send messages and receive data, including program code, through the network(s), network link  720  and communication interface  718 . In the Internet example, a server  730  might transmit a requested code for an application program through Internet  728 , ISP  726 , local network  722  and communication interface  718 . 
         [0041]    The received code may be executed by processor  704  as it is received, and/or stored in storage device  710 , or other non-volatile storage for later execution. In this manner, computer system  700  may obtain application code in the form of a carrier wave. 
         [0042]    In the foregoing specification, embodiments of the invention have been described with reference to numerous specific details that may vary from implementation to implementation. Thus, the sole and exclusive indicator of what is the invention, and is intended by the applicants to be the invention, is the set of claims that issue from this application, in the specific form in which such claims issue, including any subsequent correction. Any definitions expressly set forth herein for terms contained in such claims shall govern the meaning of such terms as used in the claims. Hence, no limitation, element, property, feature, advantage or attribute that is not expressly recited in a claim should limit the scope of such claim in any way. The specification and drawings are, accordingly, to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense.