Abstract:
A system and method for sensing and monitoring the status/performance of components of a downhole tool to enable any problems to be corrected.

Description:
BACKGROUND  
         [0001]    In order to produce oil and gas from a subterranean well, oil field tubulars, commonly called a “work string,” are inserted in the well bore, or in a casing located in the well bore. Packers and downhole tools are connected to the work string with the packers functioning to isolate formations, and the tools assisting in displacing various fluids into the formations or for retrieving hydrocarbons from the formations.  
           [0002]    Some packers are mechanically set at a desired depth in the casing, or well bore, by picking up on the work string at the surface, turning the work string and then lowering the work string until mechanical slips associated with the packer have extended outwardly to engage, or grip, the casing, or well bore. As additional work string weight is set down on the engaged slips, a series of elastomeric packer elements are deformed to seal off against the casing, or well bore. Fluid is then pumped down the work string so that its pressure is exerted against another set of slips located above the packer. This fluid pressure hydraulically extends the latter slips outwardly until they engage, or grip the casing, or well bore. Thus, various fluids can be pumped down the work string and through internal passages of the packer before they exit below the packer, while the packer slips are kept sealed against the casing, or well bore, by the weight of the work string.  
           [0003]    In other techniques, the packers are set by utilizing the workstring to create hydraulic pressure to expand slips of a setting mechanism into engagement with the casing, or well bore.  
           [0004]    It can be appreciated that these types of packers and downhole tools encompass a number of subsystems and/or components that function together in an integral manner thus allowing the device to be manipulated so that it will perform its intended task. However, there is no method to monitor, evaluate, report, or improve the condition, or function, of these devices or their surroundings during the downhole operation. Therefore, if a problem occurs during the operation, the devices would have to be removed from the well for inspection and repair and then reinserted into the well—a procedure that is time-consuming and costly.  
           [0005]    Therefore, what is needed is a system and method for sensing and monitoring the status/performance of components of a packer, and/or downhole tool to enable any problems to be corrected.  
         BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING  
         [0006]    The drawing is a schematic view of a system according to an embodiment of the invention.  
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION  
       [0007]    Referring to the drawing, a packer is referred to in general by the reference numeral  10  and is in the form of an elongated tubular body member  12  adapted to be inserted into a casing, or well bore, on a work string, or the like (not shown). Since the packer  10 , per se, does not form any part of the present invention, it is shown, and will be described, only generally.  
         [0008]    The packer includes upper slips  14  and  16  mounted on the body member  12  which operate in a conventional manner so that they can be set in response to fluid being pumped down the work string to exert pressure against the slips. This pressure causes the upper slips  14  and  16  to extend outwardly to engage, or grip, the casing or well bore, in a conventional manner.  
         [0009]    Lower slips  18  are also provided on the body member  12  which are mechanically set in a conventional manner by picking up on the work string at the surface, turning the work string for a predetermined angular amount, and then lowering the work string until the lower slips  18  have extended outwardly to engage (grip) the casing, or well bore.  
         [0010]    Packer elements  20  and  22  are provided on the body member  12  and extend between the upper slips  16  and the lower slips  18 . The packer elements  20  and  22  deform, usually by compressing or extending, as additional work string weight is set down in the casing, or wellbore, to seal off against the casing, or well bore. A series of drag blocks  24  are angularly spaced around the body member  12  below the packer element  22 .  
         [0011]    Since the slips  14 ,  16 ,  18 ; the packer elements  20  and  22 ; and the drag blocks  24  are all, per se, conventional, they will not be shown or described in any greater detail.  
         [0012]    As a result of the foregoing, various fluids can be pumped down the work string, and pass through internal passages, or bores, of the body member  12  before they exit below the packer  10 , while the slips  14 , 16  and  18  are kept sealed against the casing, or well bore, by the weight of the work string.  
         [0013]    A sensor  30  is disposed inside the bore of the body member  12 , three sensors  30  are placed on, in, and/or around the slips  14 ,  16 , and  18 , respectively; two sensors  30  are placed on, in, or around the packer elements  20  and  22 , respectively; and a sensor  30  is placed on, in, or around the drag blocks  24 .  
         [0014]    The sensors  30  are conventional, and, as such, sense and provide information that will be described that is transmitted to the surface to enable personnel on the surface to change parameters that would improve the performance of the packer  10 .  
         [0015]    The sensors  30  can include, but are not limited to, sensors that sense pressure, load, movement, fluid identification, fluid flow, acoustic properties and/or acceleration. For example, they could provide information about differential pressure across various components of the packer  10  including the slips  14 ,  16 , and  18 , and the packer elements  20  and  22 , thus providing information about stresses in these components due to pressure loading. Also, the sensors  30  could be utilized to determine if fluid is flowing in areas by measuring the pressure drop between components in these areas. They could also sense, and provide analysis of, stresses within components thus warning of premature failure of a component. Further, the sensors  30  could determine if the initial weight set down on the packer  10  is within proper operating parameters, and, if not, they could send a signal to the surface so that the operator could make adjustments from the surface or to other downhole devices (passive or active) that could be called upon to adjust the force needed to maintain the proper operation of the tool. Still further, the sensors  30  could also sense relative movement between components of the packer  10  including the slips  14 ,  16 , and  18 , as well as the packer elements  20  and  22  and the drag blocks  24 , to evaluate the position of the components relative to one another and thus help determine if the component may become unstable.  
         [0016]    The sensors  30  could also be used to determine the effects that fluids may have on various components. For example, these effects could include chemical degradation of elastomers or metals to the point they will no longer function within their design limits. Further, the sensors  30  could be used to determine fluid flow through the packer  10 , the casing, or the well bore to assist in determining leakage, erosion or imminent removal of components such as the washing off of the packer elements before they are set. Moreover, the sensors  30  could be utilized to determine leakage of fluids or gases past components of the packer  10 , such as the packer elements  20  and  22 , and/or they could be in the form of acoustic sensors to determine factors involving acoustics, such as the condition of cement behind the casing, or thickness of the casing or components. This would, in turn, provide information as to the condition of the casing prior to setting the packer  10  or the condition of a component that may be experiencing erosion during the job. The sensors  30  could also be in the form of accelerometers which could be utilized to help determine if vibrational forces are exceeding design limits or if fatigue in any of the components of the packer  10  is excessive.  
         [0017]    A series of relatively small video cameras  34  are placed inside the inner diameter of the body member  12 ; in or around the slips  14 ,  16 , and  18 ; on each side of the packer elements  20  and  22 ; and/or in or around the drag blocks  24 . The video cameras  34  could be provided in place of, or in addition to, the sensors  30 , and function to provide operators with a visual picture of the condition of these components, as well as the packer  10  in general, and its surroundings. This would enable an operator on the surface to observe these components and, if they are not functioning in a normal manner, to make adjustments from the surface.  
         [0018]    The video cameras  34  are conventional and, as a non-limiting example, could be solid state CMOS cameras. Electronic circuits associated with the video cameras  34  could be fabricated using bulk CMOS processes.  
         [0019]    A central processor  36  is disposed on the body member  12  to receive data from the sensors  30  and/or video data from the video cameras  34 , process the data, and generate a signal or signals corresponding to the processed data to send to another location such as directly to the surface or to any intervening downhole device. In this context, various methods for transferring this data could be utilized including mud pulse, acoustic transfer through the fluid or tubulars, electromagnetic, fiber optics or hard wire, all of which are known in the art.  
         [0020]    The above enables the packer  10 , in general, as well as its various components, to be continuously monitored and evaluated so that any problems detected can be corrected.  
         [0021]    It is understood that several variations may be made in the foregoing without departing from the scope of the invention. For example, the invention is not limited to use with a packer, but is equally applicable to any downhole device. Also, the above-mentioned electronic circuits could be replaced with an optical system. Also, additional sensors can also be placed on other sub-systems, or components, of the packer  10  including, but not limited to, seals (such as o-rings), j-slots, springs, internal tubes, adapters, subs, fasteners, and the like. Further, the sensors  30  and/or the video cameras  34  could be replaced with artificially intelligent devices. It is also understood that spatial references, such as “upper”, “lower”, “inner”, and “outer” “below” “in between”, etc., are for the purpose of illustration only and do not limit the specific orientation or location of the layers described above.  
         [0022]    The foregoing descriptions of specific embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration and description. They are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and its practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention and various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claims appended hereto and their equivalents.