Abstract:
An interferometer is used to provide control to the intensity profile and position of a spot of light. In this invention, each light ray from a spectral source is regenerated into a plurality of light rays by an interferometer. These rays are focused by a lens into a constructive interference fringe on an optical disk. A voltage across the interferometer can change the index of reflection of the interferometer thus defines the position of the constructive interference fringe on the disk.

Description:
[0001]    This is a continuation in part application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/035,824, filed on Mar. 6, 1998, by Roland H. Chase. 
     
    
     
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0002]    The technological growth of the computer industry has been progressing at an extremely fast pace. Products that are barely three years old are considered obsolete. The demand for more powerful computers translates into demands of faster data processing speed and greater data storage capacity. The present invention fits in the category of meeting the demand for greater data storage capacity. Presently, data stored on an optical data storage device are retrieved by observing the behavior of light being reflected from the optical data storage device. As storage capacity increases, the amount of data per unit of area increases. A practical limitation of the storage capacity of an optical data storage device is the size of a spot of light that can be generated by a reader head. The present invention discloses a spot of light that is many orders of magnitudes smaller than those currently being used in the market place.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0003]    The present invention discloses a novel method and apparatus to produce an extremely small spot of light. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING  
       [0004]    [0004]FIG. 1 illustrates a first embodiment of an optical configuration using a Fabry-Perot interferometer and a spectral light source.  
         [0005]    [0005]FIG. 2 illustrates the annular ring constructive interference fringes produced by the first embodiment as shown in FIG. 1.  
         [0006]    [0006]FIG. 3 illustrates a second embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0007]    [0007]FIG. 4 illustrates the annular ring constructive interference fringes produced by the second embodiment of the present invention as shown in FIG. 3.  
         [0008]    [0008]FIG. 5 illustrates a third embodiment of the present invention using two Fabry-Perot interferometers.  
         [0009]    [0009]FIG. 6 illustrates two annular ring constructive interference fringes produced by the third embodiment of the present invention as shown in FIG. 5.  
         [0010]    [0010]FIG. 7 illustrates a Fabry-Perot interferometer configured as an electro-optical device containing a media inside the interferometer that exhibits Kerr or Pockel effect. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
       [0011]    [0011]FIG. 1 shows an optical system employing a conventional Fabry-Perot interferometer. The Fabry-Perot interferometer is an angle filter and is the basis of this invention.  
         [0012]    In FIG. 1, the X-axis is parallel to an optical axis,  395 , of the objective lens,  300 . The Y-axis lies in a plane of the drawing and is perpendicular to axis  395 . The Z-axis is perpendicular to the plane of the drawing.  
         [0013]    A spectral light source,  100 , emits a pencil of light rays,  190 . The central ray,  195 , of pencil,  190 , is incident on a Fabry-Perot interferometer,  210 , normal,  212 , to entrance face,  211 . Central ray,  195 , is parallel to an optical axis,  395 , of the Objective lens,  300 .  
         [0014]    It is a long established principle of multiple-beam interference phenomenon, well known to those skilled in the art of physical optics, that of the infinite number of rays incident on a Fabry-Perot interferometer only those having unique angles, with respect to the normal,  212 , to the entrance face,  211 , can successfully be transited through the interferometer. All other rays suffer destructive interference and are filtered out of the pencil.  
         [0015]    Those rays successfully transiting through interferometer  210  are collected by Objective lens,  300 , and converged into annular constructive interference fringe rings on a focal plane,  400 . These annular constructive interference fringe rings are shown in FIG. 2. Here the central fringe  500  is shown at the focal point of lens  300  with the first annular ring fringe,  510 , at a radius r 1 . Here r 1  is defined as: 
           r   1 =arctan( 01 / f ) 
         [0016]    Where  01  is an angle, with respect to normal  212 , inside pencil  190  and f is the focal length of lens,  300 . Likewise r 2  and r 3  are defined as: 
           r   2 =arctan( 02 / f ) 
         [0017]    And 
           r   3 =arctan( 03 / f ) 
         [0018]    It should be noted that the closer is the fringe to the focal point of lens  300 , the wider is the fringe. Conversely, the farther is a fringe from the focal point, the narrower is the fringe. Since FIG. 2 is drawn on white paper, the colors are reversed. The black rings actually represent high intensity constructive interference fringe rings and the white spacing between represents regions void of light, also known as regions of destructive interference where the light has been filtered out of pencil  190 .  
         [0019]    The second embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. 3. This is a modification of FIG. 1 wherein interferometer  210  has been rotated an angle  01  about the Z-axis. This causes fringe  510  to be displaced, in focal plane  400 , along the Y-axis by a distance r 1 , as shown in FIG. 4.  
         [0020]    The third embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. 5. This is a modification of FIG. 3 wherein a second Fabry-Perot interferometer,  220 , has been added. For the sake of clarity, the fringe that would be transmitted by interferometer is labeled as  500   a  while those that would be transmitted by interferometer  220  are labeled as  510   b.    
         [0021]    Here interferometer  210  has been rotated an angle  01  about the Y-axis and interferometer  220  has been rotated by an angle  01  about the Z-axis. This causes fringe  510   a  to be displaced, in the focal plane of lens  300 , along the Y-axis a distance r 1  and fringe  510   b  to be displaced, in the focal plane of lens  300 , along the Z-axis a distance r 1 , as shown in FIG. 6.  
         [0022]    Because interferometer  210  can only transmit rays making an angle  01  with respect to the normal to its entrance face and interferometer  220  can only transmit rays making an angle  01  with respect to the normal to its entrance face, there are only spots in the focal plane where this condition can be satisfied. The preferred spot is located at the focal point of lens  300 . The other spot lies on a diagonal bisecting the Y-axis and Z-axis. The other spot is masked out.  
         [0023]    The Fabry-Perot interferometer is one member of a family of instruments that employ the principle of multiple-beam interference. Other members of this family are the Lummer-Gehreke interferometer, the interference filter, and the frustrated total reflection interference filter. All of these instruments regenerate every single ray, from a pencil of rays, into a multitude of parallel, geometrically degraded amplitude, phase related rays. When each set of parallel rays are brought to separate points in the focal plane of a lens, they will interfere with each other. The intensity of the light at each point is dependent upon optical path difference between sequential parallel rays has traveled. If the path difference between sequential sets of rays is an integer number of wavelengths, then the intensity is at a maximum. If it is a half integer, the intensity is zero. Any other value of the path difference will yield an intermediate intensity.  
         [0024]    Thus, in addition to the Fabry-Perot interferometer, this invention will function with either a Lummer-Gehreke interferometer, an interference filter, or a frustrated total reflection interference filter.  
         [0025]    [0025]FIG. 7 illustrates by way of an example a Fabry-Perot interferometer also functioning as an electro-optical device employs the Kerr or Pockel effect. It should be noted that the electro-optical device can also be a Lummer-Gehreke interferometer, interference filter, or frustrated total reflection interference filter. The medium inside the Fabry-Perot interferometer, Lummer-Gehreke interferometer, interference filter, or frustrated total reflection interference filter can be an electro-optical material so that a voltage applied across therein will change the index of the medium thus causing the angles that can propagate through the instrument to change. The medium can be various types of gases, liquids or solids, such as KD*P.  
         [0026]    A design sample showing detailed calculations and designed parameters are included hereinbelow. As shown, the total number of bytes that can be easily generated by the present invention is in the order of 109.1 giga bytes on a 120-millimeter diameter disk.  
         [0027]    If the medium between the reflecting surfaces is an electro-optical material then the optical path changes as the result of an electric, or magnetic field applied across the device. This in turn causes the angle at which constructive interference occurs to change thus producing a change in the position of the spot, or constructive interference fringe.  
         [0028]    A magnetic, or electric field applied to the spectral source will cause the wavelength of the source to change. This also causes the position of the spot to change.  
         [0029]    From the foregoing detailed description, it will be evident that there are a number of changes, adaptations and modifications of the present invention which come within the province of those persons having ordinary skill in the art to which the aforementioned invention pertains. However, it is intended that all such variations not departing from the spirit of the invention be considered as within the scope thereof as limited solely by the appended claims.