Abstract:
The present invention is an apparatus and method for providing effective chlorination of water used in ice making equipment for the production of ice cubes for sanitizing and retarding the growth of micro-organisms therein. A chlorine generator is used to produce chlorine gas from chloride ions present in the water.

Description:
This Application claims benefit to Provisional Application No. 60/122,935 filed Mar. 5, 1999. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates generally t o methods and apparatus for maintaining a sanitary condition in an ice maker, and in particular to such methods and apparatus using the generation of chlorine as a sanitizing a gent. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The need to keep ice making and dispensing equipment clean over time is well known in the art. It is understood that such equipment can become contaminated with microorganisms, such as, bacteria, yeast, fungi, and mold. Thus, for example, the ice forming evaporator, fluid lines and ice storage area found in such equipment must be periodically cleaned. 
     Manual cleaning with detergents and sterilizing chemicals can be effective, however, cleaning schedules are not, as a practical matter, always adhered to. In addition, the job may not be done satisfactorily in terms of a thorough cleaning and rinsing of the food contact and drain elements or tubes. Thus, systems have been developed including electronic controls that, in the case of an ice maker, automatically enter the machine into a sanitizing cycle wherein cleaning agents are pumped there through and subsequently rinsed off. Of course, the automatic systems can fail as well, where, for example, the cleaning agent reservoir runs out of cleaner, or the apparatus simply breaks down or fails to operate properly. Accordingly, a more reliable low cost method of maintaining an ice maker in a sufficiently sanitary condition that is less susceptible to human error or mechanical break down would be desirable. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention is an apparatus and method for providing effective chlorination of water used in ice making equipment for the production of ice cubes for sanitizing and retarding the growth of micro-organisms therein. 
     As is known, an ice maker typically includes refrigeration components including a compressor, a condenser for cooling an evaporator. The evaporator is integral with an ice forming grid having the individual pockets in which the ice cubes are formed. As is also known in the art, the ice maker ,as above described, includes a water pump that operates to pump water from a source thereof to a water distribution tube located along and above the ice forming grid. The water then exits the distribution tube and cascades over the surface of the vertically oriented grid/evaporator. As the ice forming grid is cooled by contact with the evaporator during operation of the refrigeration system, some of the water flowing there over will freeze thereon. The remainder of the water will flow into a receiving tank to be recycled by the pump to flow repeatedly over the evaporator until ice of a sufficient thickness is formed thereon. The ice is then harvested, typically by hot gas defrosting of the evaporator, causing the ice to melt slightly and slip off the grid structure and drop into an ice retaining bin there below. 
     An electronic chlorine generating device, as manufactured by Sanyo Electric Co. Ltd. Of Japan is used to produce bacterially active chlorine gas Cl 2  from chloride ions. Such generators are described in Japanese patents 5269469 A, 2190994 A, 2031886 A and 61283391 A, which patents are incorporated herein by reference thereto. As is understood, such generators include a pair of electrodes for creating an electrolytic reaction wherein a relatively biologically inactive chloride ion, present in municipal tap water, is converted to the more biologically active growth retarding or inhibiting chlorine gas. In the present invention, the pair of electrodes are positioned in the water receiving tank of the ice maker. In operation, a potential is periodically applied between the electrodes for predetermined periods of time to produce the active chlorine to a desired level. It was found that by enriching the Cl 2  content of the water, growth of microorganisms on the evaporator, the receiving tank, the distribution tube and the tubing associated there with was greatly reduced or eliminated. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     A further understanding of the structure, function, operation, and objects and advantages of the present invention can be had by referring to the following detailed description that refers to the following figures, wherein: 
     FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of the present invention. 
     FIG. 3 shows a front plan schematic view of an ice maker. 
     FIG. 3 shows an enlarged perspective view of a receiving tank, ice forming grid/evaporator and water distribution tube. 
     FIG. 4 shows top plan view along lines  4 — 4  of FIG.  3 . 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     A schematic view of the modified ice maker sanitizing system of the present invention is seen in FIG.  1  and generally referred to by the numeral  10 . As can be understood by also referring to FIG. 2, system  10  is used in the context of an ice maker  12  having an ice forming evaporator  14 , a distribution tube  16 . Refrigeration system includes a compressor  18   a , a condenser and fan motor  18   b  and  18   c  respectively. System  10  also includes a water circulating pump  20  and a water receiving tank  22 . Tank  22  includes a float valve  24  connected to a line  25  connected to a source of municipal water. Valve  24  regulates the supply of water into tank  22  as is required to replenish that which is formed into ice and that which is periodically dumped there from. A fluid line  26  connects pump  20  to tank  22  and to distribution tube  16 . A solenoid S provides for the above mentioned dumping of water in tank  22  to a drain. As is well understood, a refrigeration control  27  controls the operation of ice maker  12  to determine, for example, when ice is of sufficient thickness on evaporator  14  so as to initiate harvest thereof. 
     As seen by referring to FIG.&#39;s  3  and  4 , a chlorine generator, as manufactured by Sanyo Electric co. Ltd. Of Japan, includes a chlorinator control box  28  connected by wires  28   a  to a pair of flat plate electrodes  30 . Electrodes are kept spaced apart by an insulating plug  30   a . Ice maker  12  includes a bottom ice retaining bin  31  and a top housing  32 . Housing  32  is divided into a separate refrigeration component section  32   a  and a separate ice making section  32   b . Control box  28  is located in refrigeration component section  32   a  wherein wires  28   a  provide connection to electrodes  30  positioned to extend horizontally in tank  22  in a sump area  34  thereof. Control  28  is connected to a suitable source of electrical power and is also electrically connected to refrigeration control  27 . 
     In operation, in the ice making mode, water is circulated by pump  20  to exit distribution tube  16  and cascade over evaporator  14 . The refrigeration system is simultaneously operated to cool evaporator  14  so that ice forms thereon. Water that does not freeze on evaporator  14  falls into tank  22  to be recirculated therefrom by pump  20  over evaporator  14  until ice of sufficient thickness has formed thereon. Control  27  senses when sufficient ice has formed and causes harvesting thereof by a hot gas defrost process, well understood in the art. After harvesting and prior to the next ice making cycle, a portion of the water in tank  22  is drained therefrom to remove any impurities therein. Valve  24  then opens to maintain the water in tank  22  to a predetermined level L above electrodes  30 . After the dumping process, but before the start of a further ice making cycle, control  28  then provides for an electrical potential between electrodes  30  for the formation of chlorine. Specifically, the chemical reactions can be characterized as: 
     Anode reaction: 
     
       
         2Cl − →Cl 2 +2e 
       
     
     
       
         4OH−→O 2 +2H 2 O+4e 
       
     
     Cathode reaction: 
     
       
         2H + +2e→H 2   
       
     
     As is understood, the C 12  gas dissolves in water by the reaction: 
     
       
         Cl 2 +H 2 O→HClO+HCl 
       
     
     
       
         HClO→H + +CLO −   
       
     
     Control  28  operates on a pre-set time basis. In particular, it is set to provide an electrical potential for a predetermined period of time that will produce chlorine at a nominal level of approximately 0.5 parts per million. This level was determined to have a sufficient bacteriostatic effect, yet not be so high that any bad taste was imparted to the ice or that it would be in any way unsafe for consumption. In a particular embodiment of the present invention, the tank  22  has a volume of approximately 2 quarts wherein electrodes  30  are energized for a period of 40 seconds between each ice making cycle. Each ice making cycle lasts approximately 15 minutes. Control  28  also operates during non-ice making times, such as when bin  31  is full and no further ice making is required. In the specific embodiment referred to above, control  28  energizes the electrodes  30  every 4 hours during periods of non ice making. Such chlorine production during non ice making intervals is important to prevent microorganism growth in tank  22 , as the water is stagnant therein and tends to warm up. The 0.5 part per million level, though relatively low, was found to be effective in the present invention due to the cold temperature of the circulated ice making water. The temperature of the circulated water was found to keep the chlorine in solution rather than being lost to evaporation. Thus, the chlorine is kept in the water to provide for a bacteriostatic effect rather than being lost to the atmosphere. Hence, a lower nominal level can be effective as opposed to a situation where the water would be of a warmer temperature.