Abstract:
An electrical power system includes a standby electrical generator configured to convert mechanical energy to electrical energy for electrically powering one more loads, at least one thermostat coupled to an air handling system, and a communication device for network communication to at least one remote user interface. The standby electrical generator and the at least one thermostat are configured to provide information relating to the operational characteristics of the standby electrical generator and the at least one thermostat to the at least one remote user interface via the communication device.

Description:
RELATED APPLICATION DATA 
       [0001]    This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/441,549 filed Mar. 26, 2009, which is the National Stage of International Application No. PCT/US2008/076638, filed Sep. 17, 2008, which claims the benefit of co-pending U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/027553, filed Feb. 11, 2008, and co-pending U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/022862, filed Jan. 23, 2008, and co-pending U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/973623, filed Sep. 19, 2007 which are all fully incorporated herein by reference. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND 
       [0002]    The invention relates to power distribution, and more particularly, to standby generators. 
         [0003]    During a power outage in a residence, if a secondary power source or a back up power source such as a standby generator has been installed, the secondary power source will normally be turned on either manually or automatically to provide power to the residence. Operating status such as oil levels of the back up power source are typically only accessible at the residence. Furthermore, settings such as installation requirements, maintenance frequency, outage frequency and amount, and types of failure of the back up power source are usually only available to the user or a maintenance person at the generator location. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0004]    In one embodiment, the invention provides a hierarchically accessible monitoring system configured to be used with a standby generator. The hierarchically accessible monitoring system includes an interface unit configured to receive information from the standby generator and to communicate the generator information, and a remote data server in communication with the interface unit. The remote data server receives the generator information from the interface unit, stores the generator information, and controls access to the generator information based upon at least two hierarchical levels, each hierarchical level having different access privileges. The hierarchically accessible monitoring system also includes a user interface configured to display the generator information from the remote data server to at least one user. The user has access privileges to read the generator information based upon the user&#39;s assigned hierarchical level. 
         [0005]    In another embodiment, the invention provides a method of remotely accessing generator information from a standby generator. The method includes providing an interface unit that is in communication with the generator, the generator being at a first location, transmitting information about the generator through the interface unit to a remote data center at a second location, and transmitting the generator information from the remote data center via a user interface to a user. 
         [0006]    In another embodiment, the invention provides a method of remotely accessing generator information from a standby generator. The method includes providing an interface unit that is in communication with the generator, transmitting generator information through the interface unit to a remote data center, controlling access to the generator information based upon at least two protected hierarchical levels, and transmitting the generator information from the remote data center via a user interface to a user having access privileges based upon the hierarchical level associated with the user. 
         [0007]    In another construction, the invention provides a power system that includes an electrical generator that converts mechanical energy to electrical current for powering one or more loads of an electrical system during utility power interruption. A wireless communication system includes a wireless device and facilitates the wireless transmission of data between the electrical generator and the wireless device. A first sensor senses an operational characteristic of the electrical generator and a wireless module is operatively connected to the first sensor. The wireless module is configured to transmit data relating to the electrical generator to the wireless device. A second sensor senses an operational characteristic of the one or more loads of the electrical system and the wireless module is operatively connected to the second sensor. The wireless module is configured to transmit data relating to the one or more loads of the electrical system to the wireless device. The wireless device receives data transmitted from the wireless module and is configured to convey information relating to the operational characteristics of the electrical generator and the one or more loads of the electrical system to a user by displaying the information relating to the operational characteristics of the electrical generator and the one or more loads of the electrical system at the wireless device. 
         [0008]    In another construction, the invention provides an electrical power system that includes a standby electrical generator configured to convert mechanical energy to electrical energy for electrically powering one more loads, at least one thermostat coupled to an air handling system, and a communication device for network communication to at least one remote user interface. The standby electrical generator and the at least one thermostat are configured to provide information relating to the operational characteristics of the standby electrical generator and the at least one thermostat to the at least one remote user interface via the communication device. 
         [0009]    Other aspects of the invention will become apparent by consideration of the detailed description and accompanying drawings. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0010]      FIG. 1  is a first functional diagram of a remote monitoring system for use with a standby generator. 
           [0011]      FIG. 2  is an exemplary wiring diagram of the system of  FIG. 1 . 
           [0012]      FIG. 3  is a second functional diagram of a remote monitoring system for use with a standby generator. 
           [0013]      FIG. 4  is a third functional diagram of a remote monitoring system for use with a standby generator. 
           [0014]      FIG. 5  is an exemplary functional block diagram of the system of any on of  FIGS. 1-5 . 
           [0015]      FIG. 6  is a communication flow diagram of the system of any one of  FIGS. 1-5 . 
           [0016]      FIG. 7  is a communication module of the system of any one of  FIGS. 1-5 . 
           [0017]      FIG. 8  is a service tool for the system of any one of  FIGS. 1-5 . 
           [0018]      FIG. 8A  is a detailed view of the plug of  FIG. 8 . 
           [0019]      FIG. 9  is a remote information center of the system of any one of  FIGS. 1-5 . 
           [0020]      FIG. 10A  is a screen display of information of the system of any one of  FIGS. 1-5  depicting Status and Control Information about the generator system. 
           [0021]      FIG. 10B  is a screen display of information of the system of any one of  FIGS. 1-5  depicting General Information about the generator system. 
           [0022]      FIG. 10C  is a screen display of information of the system of any one of  FIGS. 1-5  depicting the System Setting of the generator system. 
           [0023]      FIG. 10D  is a screen display of information of the system of any one of  FIGS. 1-5  depicting the Network Settings of the system. 
           [0024]      FIG. 10E  is a screen display of information of the system of any one of  FIGS. 1-5  depicting the Remote Access Settings of the system. 
           [0025]      FIG. 10F  is a screen display of information of the system of any one of  FIGS. 1-5  depicting the Installation Information of the system. 
           [0026]      FIG. 10G  is a screen display of information of the system of any one of  FIGS. 1-5  depicting General Product Information and Log In of the system. 
           [0027]      FIG. 10H  is a screen display of information of the system of any one of  FIGS. 1-5  depicting the information seen by an administrator showing Installers. 
           [0028]      FIG. 10I  is a screen display of information of the system of any one of  FIGS. 1-5  depicting a Customer (Client) page as seen by an administrator. 
           [0029]      FIG. 10J  is a screen display of information of the system of any one of  FIGS. 1-5  regarding information regarding a selected client&#39;s generator system. 
           [0030]      FIG. 10K  is a screen display of information of the system of any one of  FIGS. 1-5  regarding information regarding prior power outages for selected clients. 
           [0031]      FIG. 10L  is a display of information of the system of any one of  FIGS. 1-5  regarding a specific selected power outage for a selected client. 
           [0032]      FIG. 10M  is a screen display of information of the system of any one of  FIGS. 1-5  regarding client systems of a selected installer. 
           [0033]      FIG. 11  is a diagram of the central monitoring system architecture. 
           [0034]      FIG. 12  is a diagram of the system software architecture. 
           [0035]      FIG. 13  is an exemplary table of parameters stored by the BIU and server for a selected customer system. 
           [0036]      FIG. 14  is a table of status information definitions of a generator monitored by the present invention. 
           [0037]      FIG. 15  is a table of typical BIU status counter events according to the present invention. 
           [0038]      FIG. 16  is a table of typical BIU events according to the present invention. 
           [0039]      FIG. 17  depicts exemplary status information of a generator being monitored according to the present invention. 
           [0040]      FIG. 18  depicts exemplary generator system information displayed on a web page for a generator being monitored using the present invention. 
           [0041]      FIG. 19  depicts exemplary counters displayed on a web page for a generator being monitored using the present invention. 
           [0042]      FIG. 20  depicts an exemplary event logging information web page for a generator being monitored using the present invention. 
           [0043]      FIG. 21  depicts an exemplary network configuration for a system according to the present invention. 
           [0044]      FIG. 22  depicts exemplary contact information of a dealer displayed on a web page. 
           [0045]      FIG. 23  depicts exemplary customer contact information displayed on a web page. 
           [0046]      FIG. 24  depicts the hardware of the broadband interface unit (BIU). 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0047]    Before any embodiments of the invention are explained in detail, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited in its application to the details of construction and the arrangement of components set forth in the following description or illustrated in the following drawings. The invention is capable of other embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways. Also, it is to be understood that the phraseology and terminology used herein is for the purpose of description and should not be regarded as limiting. The use of “including,” “comprising,” or “having” and variations thereof herein is meant to encompass the items listed thereafter and equivalents thereof as well as additional items. Unless specified or limited otherwise, the terms “mounted,” “connected,” “supported,” and “coupled” and variations thereof are used broadly and encompass both direct and indirect mountings, connections, supports, and couplings. Further, “connected” and “coupled” are not restricted to physical or mechanical connections or couplings. 
         [0048]    As should also be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art, the systems shown in the figures are models of what actual systems might be like. As noted, many of the modules and logical structures described are capable of being implemented in software executed by a microprocessor or a similar device or of being implemented in hardware using a variety of components including, for example, application specific integrated circuits (“ASICs”). Terms like “controller” may include or refer to both hardware and/or software. Furthermore, throughout the specification capitalized terms are used. Such terms are used to conform to common practices and to help correlate the description with the coding examples, equations and/or drawings. However, no specific meaning is implied or should be inferred simply due to the use of capitalization. Thus, the claims should not be limited to the specific examples or terminology or to any specific hardware or software implementation or combination of software or hardware. 
         [0049]      FIG. 1  is a functional diagram of a first remote monitoring system  100  for use with a standby generator. Particularly, the first system  100  includes a transfer switch  104  that is in communication with a generator center  108  and with a home breaker box  112  via electrical conduits. The generator center  108  includes a standby generator. The system  100  also includes a transfer switch communication module  116  that communicates with other components of the system  100  either through wired connections or wirelessly. In some embodiments, the communication module  116  may communicate wirelessly or via wired connections with an information center  120 . The communication module  116  is also in communication with a telephone dialer  124  and an internet modem  128 . A service tool  132  may also be in communication with the communication module  116 , in a manner as discussed below. 
         [0050]    A suitable wiring connection of the system of  FIG. 1  is depicted in  FIG. 2 . The RF transmitter  444  uses a 2-wire connection  460  to communicate with the generator control board  432  ( FIG. 5 ) to communication with the generator  108 . The RF transmitter  444  will send a signal to the generator controller  432  to communicate serially instead of using LED&#39;s  712  ( FIG. 7 ). The RF transmitter  444  communicates via a 4-wire connection  472  from the ACCM  468  (air conditioner control module, which is subject of the U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/180,228 filed Jul. 13, 2005, incorporated by reference herein) using a RS-232 connector. Further, the RF transmitter  444  has a 2-wire Not Operating (N.O.) contact  474  with the auto dialer  448 . The N.O. contact  474  will open on a fault from the generator  108  or transfer switch  104 . If no faults occur, the contact is closed. The RF transmitter  444  has a serial output for connection to a remote modem  128 , e.g., an Ethernet or serial modem. The modem  128  communicates and transmits the status of the generator  108  and transfer switch  104 . If the unit was running, it also transmits the output wattage of the generator. Although this is a wiring diagram for the system of  FIG.1 , it may also be used with the system of  FIG. 2  and  FIG. 3 . 
         [0051]    The telephone dialer module  448  ( FIG. 2 ) generally includes a normally closed contact that is wired to the telephone dialer  124  of  FIG. 1 . The normally closed contact is opened on any fault from either the generator  108  or from the transfer switch  104 . If no fault is detected, the normally closed contact is energized in a known manner. In some other embodiments, the telephone dialer module  448  ( FIG. 2 ) may include normally opened contacts that are energized when faults are detected in a known manner. Furthermore, the Ethernet embedded module  452  has a serial or a parallel output for communication with the modem  128 . The modem  128  in turn communicates and transmits the operating status of the generator  108  and the transfer switch  104 . If the modem  128  is operating properly, the modem  128  may also be configured to transmit the power usage of the system  100 . Although these are shown as separate units, it may be preferable to include the modem  128 , the Ethernet embedded module  452 , and the telephone dialer module  448  in a single unit. 
         [0052]      FIG. 3  is a functional diagram of a second remote monitoring system  200  according to the present invention, for use with a generator. Particularly, the second system  200  also includes a communication center  204  that is in communication with a generator  208 , and a telephone dialer  212 . In some embodiments, the communication center  204  is in communication with the generator  208  via a transfer switch (see  FIGS. 1 ,  2 , and  4  for example). The communication center  204  communicates with a remote information center  216  wirelessly or via a wired connection.  FIG. 3  also shows that the communication center  204  in communication with an interface  220  that is in communication with user interface via a firewall router  224  and the modem  228 . Particularly, the modem  228  provides a high speed or broadband connection to a publicly-accessible network such as the internet, to a private network, or directly to another device via a private phone line. In some embodiments, the modem may be a cable modem, or a digital subscriber line (DSL) modem. The interface  220  is in communication with one or more thermostats  232 . As shown in  FIG. 3 , the thermostats  232  are in communication with a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (“HVAC”) system  236  in a known manner. In the embodiments shown in  FIG. 3 , the telephone dialer  212  may be configured to communicate with other systems such as a cell phone, an office telephone, a service center, facsimile, and a second home telephone. The operation of a system  200  is discussed below. 
         [0053]      FIG. 4  is a third functional diagram of a remote monitoring system  300  according to the present invention for use with a standby generator. The monitoring system  300  is similar to the second system  200  as shown in  FIG. 3 . The system  300  also includes a communication module  304  that is in communication with a generator center  308 , and a telephone dialer  312 . The communication center  304  also wirelessly communicates with an information center  316 . Like the system  200 , the communication center  304  is also in communication with an interface  320  that may be in communication with a user interface via a firewall router  324  and a modem  328 .  FIG. 4  also shows that an HVAC system  332  is in communication with a plurality of thermostats  336 . In some embodiments, the thermostats are in communication with a plurality of sensors such as temperature sensors. The thermostats  336  may also be in communication with appliances sensors such as a smoke alarm, freeze sensor, flood sensor, and carbon monoxide sensor. As in system  200 , the dialer  312  may also be configured to communicate with systems such as a cell phone, office telephone, service center telephone, facsimile machine, and a second home phone. 
         [0054]      FIG. 5  is an exemplary functional block diagram of the system  300  of  FIG. 3 . Although  FIG. 5  is the functional block diagram of system  300 , the functional block diagram may also be applied to the first and second systems  100  and  200 . The communication module  116  includes a service information module  404  that is in communication with a transfer switch control board  408  of the transfer switch  104 . Although the transfer switch control board  408  communicates with the service information module  404  via a serial connection, the transfer switch control board  408  may also be configured to communicate with the service information module  404  in other manners. The communication module  116  also includes a transfer switch coil detection module  412  that detects if switches  416  of the transfer switch box  104  are in an open state or in a closed state. The communication module  116  also includes a fuse detection module  420  that detects whether the fuses in the transfer switch are intact. The communication module  116  also includes a generator error detection module  424  and a generator interface  428  that is in communication with a generator control board  432  of the generator  108 . The generator control board  432  includes a generator error code module  436 , a generator information detection module  440  that senses and detects the operation status of the generator  108 , and a sensing module  458  which accepts inputs from sensors in  FIG. 4 . Sensors include, but are not limited to a temperature sensor, a smoke alarm, a freeze sensor, a flood sensor or a carbon monoxide sensor. The generator information detection module  440 , upon detection of any generator error, sends a signal to the generator error detection module  424  of the communication module  116  via the interface  428 . The status of the generator or the error of the generator  108  is then transmitted out of the communication center  116  via a radio frequency (“RF”) output module  444 . The RF output module  444 , or RF transmitter, may then wirelessly transmit the information regarding the generator  108  to the information center  120 , or to the service tool connected to the communication center  116  or to the remote server. The communication center  116  also includes a telephone dialer module  448  and an Ethernet embedded module  452 . The operations of the telephone dialer module  448  and the Ethernet embedded module  452  are discussed below. 
         [0055]    The RF operating or output module  444  generally communicates at a predetermined frequency, for example, 400 MHz to comply with requirements from the Federal Communication Commission (“FCC”). However, in some embodiments, other frequencies, for example, 900 MHz, may be used. 
         [0056]    To communicate with the generator control board  432 , the communication center  116  preferably uses a two-wire connection. In some embodiments, the generator controller  432  communicates with the communication center  116  serially instead by using signals from the LED&#39;s  712  ( FIG. 7 ). The communication center  116  may also include a four-wire connection to communicate with other generator controllers. 
         [0057]    In a preferred embodiment, the communication center that is in communication with the generator  108  and in communication with the data server  512  is an interface unit  559 , preferably a broadband interface unit (BUI)  559  as depicted in  FIG. 6  and  FIG. 11 . As depicted in  FIG. 24 , the BUI  559  includes memory  952  and  954 , real time clock  956 , power options  964  or  966 , and physical interfaces  960  and  962 . The memory includes at least a 16 KB external SRAM  954 , and at least a 256 KB external non-volatile FLASH memory  952 . The power options may be a 12 VDC wall mounted regulated power supply  966  or a Power over the Ethernet (PoE) supply  964 . Physical interfaces include the modem  960  having a RS232 connector with support for the model control systems CTS (clear to send), RTS (request to send), DCD (data carrier detect) and DTR (data terminal ready), and the Ethernet which has a 10/100 network interface card with a RJ45 connector and using an 801.1b-801.1n WiFi protocol. 
         [0058]    The BIU software is preferably firmware. The software provides the following functions: intercommunication to/from the RF transmitter, integral web server and remote access client interface, remote home standby software/firmware updates, and universal plug n and play (uPnP) connectability, e.g., using Rendezvous. The intercommunication to/from the RF transmitter  444  includes a BIU control including the network configuration and the payload encapsulation including home standby control and monitoring information. The integral web server provides local access by a TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) internet protocol, the browser-based authentication, hypertext markup language (HTML) status pages for the client, HTML status/control pages that are password protected and only changeable by dealer or installer, and the DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) IP addressing method. The remote access client interface includes hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) software, Application Programmer&#39;s Interfaces (API&#39;s) including the server software interaction and dynamic self-discovery, including periodic heartbeat, device type identifier, alarms reporting and statistics gathering. 
         [0059]    The server software, comprised of modules  806  (see  FIG. 12 ), resides on the server  512  (see  FIG. 11 ); the server  512  is provided by the manufacturer or a reputable third party hosting site. The server software performs the following functions: browser support, remote access server, home standby database manager, and hierarchical remote access privileges. The browser support includes Internet Explorer for PC (version 6.0 or greater), Sapphire for Mac (version 1.2.4 or greater), Firefox/Mozilla for PC or Mac (version 1.0 or greater) and portable data assistant (PDA) browsers. Hierarchical remote access privileges include three levels. Level  1  is the administrator level, which includes database queries, firmware downloads, communication to dealers and installers and administration of current and new dealers; Level  2  is the installer or dealer level, which includes administration of current and new clients, reception of alarm and alert notifications and control and monitoring of clients&#39; home standby units. Level  3  is the customers&#39; access level, where customers or clients may access generator information and status relating to their own standby unit. 
         [0060]    The software is available to installers and will run on their portable devices (e.g. laptops) to assist in locating the BIU. The utility employs advanced network techniques (broadcast device request) to all local network nodes in an attempt to locate all devices and to establish connectivity for configuration and initial management. It provides downloadable Java applications and device discovery including device discovery broadcast and network status notification. 
         [0061]    The system hardware contains an embedded web server which serves HTML pages to a web browser on a local network. Customers and installers will interact with the pages served by the system via the internal firmware. Interaction with these pages is preferably through a common web browser. A browser based login authentication method will be employed before either a customer, installer or dealer is able to access any of the pages. 
         [0062]      FIG. 6  is a networked system functional diagram that shows exemplary system functions  500  of the system of  FIG. 3 . Although it is shown for system  300 , it may also be applied to the first and second systems  100  and  200 . As described earlier, the BIU  559  is in communication with a network such as a publicly-accessible network like the internet or a privately-accessible network  504 . Particularly, the BUI unit  559  is connected to a data server  512  via the network  504 . In some embodiments, the BIU unit  559  also communicates with an internet or web browser software program that is implemented on an output device  516 , such as a laptop or computer, or a cell phone  520 , PDA, printer or facsimile machine through the network  504 . That is, an output device, such as a laptop or computer  516  may be connected to the systems  100 ,  200  and  300  via the network  504  and the BIU  559 . In this way, a user may determine the status of operations in the systems  100 ,  200  and  300 . In some embodiments, after the data server  512  has authenticated the accessing output device, e.g. laptop or computer  516  or cell phone  520 , the browser or client program may communicate with the BUI  559  or the systems  100 ,  200 ,  300 . The data server  512  may also send and receive e-mail from within the web browser of the output device  516 . The data server  512  is also configured to notify the user through e-mail, text messages or phone message to a cell phone or PDA  520  that may be in communication with the network  506 .  FIG. 6  also shows a cell phone or PDA  520  that is wirelessly connected to the data server  512  via the internet to receive e-mail or text messages as notifications regarding the operation of the system through the data server  512 . In some embodiments, the data server may send notifications via a facsimile machine or printer. 
         [0063]      FIG. 7  is a top view of a communication center  116  used in the systems of  FIGS. 1-5 . The communication center  116  is generally housed in a weather-tight enclosure  704 . In some embodiments, the communication center  116  also includes a flip-up cover  708 . The communication center  116  also includes a plurality of light-emitting diodes (“LED”)  712  that display a plurality of operations status of the generator and the communication center  116 . The communication center  116  also includes a plurality of push buttons or switches  716 A,  716 B and  716 C. The communication center  116  is also configured to be capable of withstanding a wide range of ambient temperatures, for example, between −20 degrees and 130 degrees Fahrenheit. 
         [0064]    Particularly, the push buttons or switches  716 A- 716 C may be used to transmit information of the generator  108  when activated. For example, a first button  716 A may be used to clear or reset a “change oil” reminder that is set at the generator  108  or the generator control board  432 . A second button  716 B is configured to clear or reset a “change air filter” reminder that is set at the generator  108  or the generator control board  432 . A third button  716 C is configured to clear or reset a “change spark plug” reminder that is also set at the generator  108  or the generator control board  432 . When any of the first, second, and third buttons is pressed or activated for a period of time, for example, three seconds, the communication center  116  will send a CLEAR signal to the generator controller  432  to clear a respective reminder, and to reset a respective counter to zero. In some other embodiments, the communication center  116  may also include a fourth button, a “CLEAR display button” (not shown) to synchronize a display of the information center  120 . 
         [0065]    Furthermore, as indicated earlier, the LED&#39;s  712  are used to indicate whether the communication is synchronized and whether a maintenance reminder has been cleared. The LED  712  stays ON for a period of time, for example five minutes, after the synchronization button has been pressed on the communication center  116 . When a maintenance reminder button is pressed for a period of time, for example three seconds, the LED  712  flashes once to let an operator know that the communication center  116  had sent the CLEAR signal to the generator controller  432 . 
         [0066]    In some embodiments, the BUI  559  sends the status of the generator  108  and the transfer switch  104  to the information center  120  and/or the data server  512  periodically. In such cases, the period between each transmission may be programmed and be dependent on requirements. For example, when the generator  108  is running, the communication center  116  sends updates to the remote information center  120  every time information is sent from the ACCM controller  468  ( FIG. 5 ) or generator controller  432 , e.g., if there is a generator power change, e.g., a change of 500 Watts or more, or if there is a fault or a maintenance reminder. 
         [0067]      FIG. 8  is an exemplary service tool  132  that may be used with any of the systems of the present invention. The service tool  132  is configured to display information with text and graphics on a monitor or a screen  744 . The service tool  132  may be connected to the communication center  116  or the generator center  108  via a plug  134 . The plug  134  is shown in greater detail in  FIG. 8A . In this way, the service tool  132  may be plugged or inserted into a receptacle located on the communication center  116  or the generator center  108  to retrieve information from the communication center  116  and the generator center  108 , respectively. In some embodiments, the status of oil, air filter, and spark plug information from the generator control board  432  ( FIG. 5 ) may be displayed in the monitor  774 . The service tool  132  includes a plurality of buttons  748  that are similar to those on the communication center  116 . In some embodiments, the service tool  132  may also include diagnostic functions that examine the status of the generator center  108  and the transfer switch  104 . In some embodiments, a user of the service tool  132  may select the type of diagnostic functions that the service tool  132  may provide. Although the plug  134  is shown having the form of a stereo jack, other types of plugs such as a Category 5 cable jack, and a telephone plug may also be used. In some other embodiments, the service tool  132  includes a retractable plug (not shown) that may be inserted or plugged into the communication center  116  or the generator center  108  to directly access the information of the generator center  108 . Furthermore, the service tool  132  may be configured to receive the information from the communication center  116  or the generator center  108  wirelessly via the RF communication module  444  ( FIG. 5 ), in some embodiments. Still furthermore, the service tool  132  may include any other buttons that are used to select other information of the generator center  108 . In some embodiments, status button cycles between codes and history display. 
         [0068]      FIG. 9  is an exemplary remote information center  600  that may be used with any of the systems of the present invention. The information center  600  is generally battery-powered such that the information sent out or recorded in the communication center  116  is independent of the power being provided by the generator  104  or by the utility. However, the information center  600  may also be powered by both a battery and a combination of the utility power or the generator  108 . In such cases, the information center  600  has a detection module that switches between the battery source and the combination. In the embodiments shown in  FIG. 9 , the information center  600  has a display  604  that is subdivided into a number of areas. For example, the display  604  includes a status area  608  that indicates a status of the system, radio-frequency (“RF”) signal strength, a time, a date, a generator status, a battery level of the information center  120  and a recharging state of the generator  108 . The display  604  also includes a second display area or main menu selection area  612 . The main menu area  612  is configured to allow a user of the system or the information center  120  to select from or scroll through a plurality of options such that a type of information of the system may be displayed on the display  604 . For example, the main menu selection area  612  includes choices such as a history of the system, a plurality of settings of the system, entering the system into a test mode, entering the system into a maintenance mode, setting the system in an alarm mode, setting the information center  600  to a display mode, and setting the information center  600  to select a time and date. The main menu selection area  612  may also include other selections that are desirable for the user. The information center  600  may also include a keypad area  618  to select the choices provided on the main menu selection area  612 . In the embodiments shown in  FIG. 8 , the keypad area  618  includes up and down buttons  624 ,  628  to allow a user to select or scroll through the choices on the main menu area  612 . The keypad area  618  also includes a third button  632  to allow the user to return to the previously selected menu in the menu area  612 . The keypad area  618  also includes a selection or enter button  636  to allow the user to select or enter into a choice from the main menu area  612 . In the embodiments shown, entering into a maintenance mode has been selected by the user from the main menu area  612 . Once entered, a maintenance menu  634  is shown with a plurality of selections such as generator, spark plug, exercise, and air filter. Once the exercise option has been selected, the information center  600  enters an exercise mode in screen  640  that shows options such as start test and stop test. Once the start test option has been selected, the information center  600  starts an embedded testing procedure as shown in screen  644 . The procedure starts by testing an oil level of the generator  108 , if the generator  108  is operating over or under a desired speed, and a battery level of the generator  108 . 
         [0069]    To access information from other locations such as a second residence or an office, a user may use an user interface such as web browser or other program through a network such as the Internet or any other communication system, and the BUI  559  to access information of the systems  100 ,  200 ,  300 . For example, the server  512  ( FIG. 6 ) may contain an embedded web server that may serve web pages to a web browser on any connected network. In some embodiments, the user of the system, the installer, and a manufacturer of the systems  100 ,  200 ,  300  may interact with the web pages served by the server page using plug-ins or built-in firmware. 
         [0070]    To access the information, a user has to be authenticated by the server software in a known manner. Particularly, the server page may access the information of the generator  108  via the BIU  559 . In such cases, the BIU  559  is equipped with firmware, and its related software to communicate with the server  512 . The firmware generally resides within the BIU  559 , and provides functions such as intercommunication to and from the generator  108  or transfer switch  104  such as control parameters, network configuration, payload encapsulation such as home standby control and monitoring information, integral web server such as local access that may include TCP Internet protocol, browser-based authentication, HTML status pages for customer, HTML status and control pages that are password protected for the installer or dealer, and a DHCP IP addressing method. Furthermore, the software may also include a remote access client module. The remote access client module may include HTTP software and application programmer&#39;s interfaces (“API&#39;s”) that further include server software interaction, and a dynamic self-discovery module that includes periodic heartbeat, device type identifier, alarms reporting, statistics gathering. In some embodiments, the firmware or other program also includes remote home standby software and firmware updates, and universal plug and play capability. 
         [0071]    Furthermore, the server software generally resides on the data server  512 . The server software provides the following functions: browser support such as Internet Explorer for personal computer (“PC”), Sapphire for Macintosh (“Mac”), Firefox or Mozilla for PC or Mac, portable personal digital assistant (“PDA”) browsers, remote access server such as HTTP software API, firmware interaction, dynamic self discovery such as periodic heartbeat, device type identifier, SMTP client for alarms reporting, home standby database manager, hierarchical remote access privileges with level  1  that allows for administration to access database queries, firmware downloads, communication to dealers or installers, administration of current and new dealers, and target advertising to customers and dealers. The server software may also provide the following functions: hierarchical remote access privileges with level  2  that allows for installers and dealers to perform administration of current and new clients, to receive alarm and alert notifications, and to perform control and monitoring of clients&#39; home standby units, and level  3  for customers (clients) to view the status of their own standby units. 
         [0072]    Access to the data is organized by password protected hierarchical levels. In preferred embodiments, there are three hierarchical levels: level  1  (the administrator), level  2  (the dealer or installer), and level  3  (the client or customer). Each hierarchical level has different privileges as to the types of information that are accessible. Access may be limited to read only (R/O) or read and write (R/W), as seen in  FIG. 13 . Administrators have the broadest access to create and manage the information of all other levels, and may assign customers to dealers. Administrators deal directly with dealers or in some embodiments, the customers. Administrators have access to a list of all the dealers at login, and have privileges to add or delete dealers to the system. 
         [0073]    In some embodiments, there are four levels of protected hierarchy access, which includes a second lower level of administrators, such as super-dealer or distributor, which have access to the information of their dealers and the ability to alter this information. The hierarchical structure of access to the information allows the super-dealer to view and alter the information of their own dealers, and not the information of other super-dealers&#39; dealers. This level of protection protects the information of each super-dealer from other super-dealers. This level of protection also applies at the dealer level, where each dealer&#39;s customers&#39; information is only accessible by that dealer and not by other dealers. The information provided to a super-dealer may be only the information on the parameters of the generators of all their dealers (alarm conditions, faults, etc.) but not information that may identify the customer, i.e., the customer&#39;s name and address. This protects the privacy of the customer, and also the confidential information of the dealer so that no other dealers may contact their customers. This protects dealer&#39;s customers&#39; confidential information from being distributed past the dealer with which the customers work. Although each super-dealer may view their dealers&#39; customers&#39; accounts, they cannot change parameters. 
         [0074]    Dealer has access to the personal identification information of their own customers (clients), i.e., names and addresses. Each dealer is allowed to sort their customers by name, location, model type, or other suitable information and have access to edit and view their customers&#39; accounts. Each dealer may set alarm notification configuration on a per customer basis of their customer&#39;s system. Upon login, the dealers will see a list of their customers sorted by customers with alarm conditions. Dealers may also install the unit, and thus be classified as installers. Thus, a dealer may also be an installer but an installer does not have to be a dealer. 
         [0075]    For the following screen displays, the screen display may be on any suitable user interface. Suitable user interfaces include graphical user interfaces, such as web browsers, or a text screen interface, or a printer.  FIG. 10A  is a screen display  900  of information of the system of  FIGS. 1-5  using a user interface, such as a web browser. The screen display  900  may be viewed by both the customer and the installer or dealer. If the customer chooses to change his or her own oil, spark plug or air filter, each timer may be reset by checking the appropriate box and pressing or selecting a Submit option. The screen display  900  shows the generator condition, the generator state, the generator fuel type, the total number of generator run time hours, the next scheduled system exercise, the next scheduled oil change, the next scheduled spark plug change, and the next scheduled air filter change. The screen display  900  also has some reset buttons to allow the user to reset a respective option. 
         [0076]      FIG. 10B  is screen display  904  of information of the system depicting the General Information of the client&#39;s generator. The screen display  904  may be viewed by both the customer and the installer or dealer. Both the customer and the installer or dealer may view pertinent information required for service without accessing protected pages. For example, the customer and the installer may view information such as a model number, a rating and a serial number of the generator  108 . The customer and the installer or dealer may also view information such as a model number, a rating, and a serial number of the transfer switch box  104 . Furthermore, the customer and the installer or dealer may view other information such as information of the installer or dealer. 
         [0077]    In some embodiments, some web pages may only be accessed after authentication with a proper username and a password. The username and password pair is only intended to be used by an authorized installer. Parameters within these pages may be changed by qualified installers or dealers. The password protected page group includes system settings, network settings, remote access, and installation information pages. 
         [0078]      FIG. 10C  is a screen display  908  of information of the systems of  FIGS. 1-5  depicting System Settings. The screen display  908  may include generator settings, transfer switch settings, timer settings, and system exercise settings. The timers may optionally be set to notify the customer and the installer or dealer upon expiration, by email, phone call, text message or facsimile. Other settings include default durations and intervals. 
         [0079]      FIG. 10D  is a screen display  912  of the systems of  FIGS. 1-5  depicting the Network Settings. The screen display  912  shows network settings parameters and information that should be entered by qualified installers. Specific network-related parameters are configured on this page. The network settings include addressing parameters such as MAC address, IP address method, IP address, subnet mask, gateway address, and web server parameters such as HTTP port number and reboot on submit settings. 
         [0080]      FIG. 10E  is screen display  916  of information of the systems of  FIGS. 1-5  showing some Remote Access Settings. The remote access setting parameters and information are entered by qualified installers only. Specific remote management-related parameters are configured on this page. Both a site name and a customer ID are required to enable intercommunication with the server software to perform remote management. The remote access parameters include remote discovery parameters such as state, site name, interval, last attempt, and last success. Customer or client information is also part of the remote access parameters. The customer information includes an identifier which identifies the customer. 
         [0081]      FIG. 10F  is a screen display  920  of information of the system of  FIGS. 1-5 . The screen display  920  includes installer information that may be entered by qualified installers. Specific installation related parameters are configured on this page. The installer information may include installation date, and installer information such as company and email addresses as shown. 
         [0082]    Software on the server  512  runs on a secure and highly reliable qualified server that interacts with the customer and installer or dealer for remote management capability. In addition, authorized administrator personnel may access the server to administer new installers, push software and firmware upgrades down to the generator  108 , and extract statistics to be used for sales, marketing or service reasons. Customers, installers and administrators may interact with the server software through a common web browser or other user interface found on a standalone PC, portable laptop or mobile computing device. A browser based login authentication method is preferably employed before either a customer or installer may access any of the following pages. In the following exemplary server software pages, a manufacturer&#39;s administrator has logged in to the server  512  to administer an installer or dealer account or perform database queries such as searches. 
         [0083]      FIG. 10G  is a screen display  924  of information of the system of  FIGS. 1-5 . The screen display  924  shows a login page. The customer, an installer, or the manufacturer&#39;s administrators may access the remote management site by first logging in from a power generator page on the manufacturer&#39;s web site. The manufacturer&#39;s web site page then provides a link which redirects the user to the remote management authentication page. In some embodiments, after logging in the remote management site, the manufacturer may find all generator units installed and sold by a particular installer. To locate the generator units, the communication center  116  or the interface  120  contains an identification that uniquely identifies a particular system and its parts. In some embodiments, the identification of the particular system and other information about the particular system are all stored on the server  512  for network access. If any service is performed on the particular system, the information about the particular system is updated and transmitted to the server  512  via the Internet, via another publicly-accessible network, or directly via a telephone or other communication medium. In some other embodiments, the identification of the particular system is securely broadcast over the network  540  upon a software search or interrogation request from the server  512 . In this way, the server  512  only gathers information about the particular system when necessary. Furthermore, the communication center  116  or the interface  120  that stores the information about the particular system will transmit the information to the server  512  via the network  540 . In some embodiments, the identification of the particular system may include a combination of the information shown in the screen displays  900 ,  904 ,  908 ,  912 ,  916 ,  920 . In yet some other embodiments, the communication center  116  or the interface  120  is equipped with a broadcast device to search for the server  512 . Once the server  512  has been located, the communication center  116  or the interface  120  may transmit information about the particular system to the server  512  for further processing. In this way, the communication center  116  or the interface  120  locates and transmits the information directly to the server  512 . In yet some other embodiments, the communication center  116  or the interface  120  and the server  512  may use a combination of the networking techniques discussed earlier. 
         [0084]    Once logged in, the manufacturer, the dealer, the installer, or the client may perform a plurality of functions using the remote management site. For example, the administrator may use the remote management site to find all the generator units of a particular type or model. The manufacturer may also find all the installers that have installed all the generator units of a particular type or model. In some cases, the manufacturer may also geographically locate all the generator units of a particular type or model that have been installed, and determine service frequencies and failure frequencies of all the generator units of a particular type or model. 
         [0085]      FIG. 10H  is a screen display  928  of information of the system of  FIGS. 1-5 . The screen display  928  shows a server installer page that may be viewed by a manufacturer&#39;s administrator after a successful login. Specific installation-related parameters are configured on this page. In some embodiments, the installer page lists all the authorized installers that have installed generator units for the manufacturer. Alternatively, the installer page may also list all the authorized installers that have installed a particular generator unit for the manufacturer. In the embodiment shown, the information includes a list of installer names. As shown in  FIG. 10H , the manufacturer&#39;s administrator may also check on a profile of each of the authorized installers on the list by selecting a view profile option  929 . Through the server installer page as shown in the screen display  928 , the manufacturer&#39;s administrator may also perform other administrator functions such as selecting some of installers such that the profiles of the selected installers may be compared, and deleting an installer from the page. Also shown on the server installer page are a “search” tab  930 , an “upgrades” tab, a “client&#39;s” tab, and a “logout” tab, which are discussed below with respect to different screen displays. The profile of each of the authorized installers includes information such as names of clients, dates of installations and services, dates and amount of generator usage, amount of generator power provided, and the like. 
         [0086]      FIG. 10I  is a screen display  932  of information of the system of  FIGS. 1-5 . The screen display  932  shows a client page that is accessed by clicking on the view profile button  929  next to an installer on the screen display  928 . Once entered, the manufacturer&#39;s administrator may locate a list of client names whose generator units are installed by the respective installer selected in the screen display  928 . The client page also provides links to other information for each of the clients listed. For example, the client page shows an alarm state of each of the clients that indicates a state of the respective generator unit. The client page also provides links to profiles of the clients, installation history of the respective generator unit, faults experienced by each generator unit, and the like. In some embodiments, the manufacturer&#39;s administrator, the installer, or the client may adjust information or settings on the respective generator unit of a particular client. 
         [0087]      FIG. 10J  is a screen display  936  of information of the system of  FIGS. 1-5 . The screen display  936  shows an interface page that is accessed by clicking on a view profile button  933  next to a client (customer) on the screen display  932 . The interface page shows information of the generator unit of the selected client. Exemplary information includes generator status and timer settings. In this way, the manufacturer&#39;s administrator may adjust parameters of the generator status and timer settings. For example, the manufacturer&#39;s administrator may reset a generator status such as generator condition to “default” from “fault.” The manufacturer&#39;s administrator may also adjust or reset timers relating to maintenance of the generator unit such as a scheduled time for a “next spark plug change.” 
         [0088]      FIG. 10K  is a screen display  940  of information of the system of  FIGS. 1-5  showing a history page. The history page is accessed by clicking on a history button  934  next to a client on the screen display  932 . The information shown on the screen display  940  includes types of faults experienced by the generator unit, a code indicating an action taken to resolve the types of faults, a length of operating time since a last action was taken, and a date on which the action was taken, and the like. 
         [0089]      FIG. 10L  is a screen display  944  of information of the system of  FIGS. 1-5 . The screen display  944  shows a server histogram page that is accessed by clicking on a “properties” button  941  next to an outage event on the history page as shown in screen display  940 . Particularly, the manufacturer&#39;s administrator may view a history of an outage of the particular generator unit owned by the selected client on the history page as shown in the screen display  944 . In the embodiment shown, a histogram of running power versus run time during an outage on Mar. 5, 2003 is shown. The histogram, for example, shows that after 45 minutes of run time, the running power is about 90 watts, which may indicate an engine failure. 
         [0090]      FIG. 10M  is a screen display  948  of information of the system of  FIGS. 1-5 . The screen display  948  shows a search page that may be accessed by clicking on the search tab  930  under the remote management page as shown in the screen display  944 . With the search page, the manufacturer&#39;s administrator may search all the generator units of a particular type or model, locations of the generator units, service frequency experienced by the generator units, faults experienced by generator units that were installed by a particular installer or sold by a particular dealer, and the like. In some embodiments, the search criteria may include information such as, but not limited to, model number, serial number, power rating, a name of the installer or dealer, a name and other information of the client, running hours, fault types, fuel type, software program version, and the like. The search criteria may also include information based on geographical regions. In this way, the manufacturer&#39;s administrator may analyze the information generated by the search page. For example, the manufacturer&#39;s administrator may determine if a particular generator type or model is more susceptible to engine failure than other type or model. For another example, the manufacturer&#39;s administrator may determine if a particular generator type or model installed by a specific installer or serviced by a specific dealer experiences more faults than the particular generator type or model installed by another installer or serviced by a different dealer. 
         [0091]    An embodiment of the software architecture of the system  100 ,  200  or  300  is depicted in  FIG. 11 . Four tiers are depicted, three of which are within the data server  512 : a data storage tier  550 , a business tier  552 , and a presentation tier  554 . The fourth tier is the client tier  556 , which includes the broadband interface unit BIU  559  that communicates information from the client&#39;s generator  108  to the server tiers. The client tier  556  includes the broadband interface unit (BUI)  559  and user interfaces  516  (such as a PC or laptop computer). The server side receives BIU status, alarms and counters, performs BIU configuration, and provide automatic BIU upgrades to the BIU  559 . The client tier  556  also includes a user interface accessed through the computer  516 . 
         [0092]    On the server side, central management system (CMS) data server  512  contains the user interface to the system (e.g., a web interface), the database  832  ( FIG. 12 ), the business logic, and the presentation layer  554 . The business logic includes alarm notification and delivery. The presentation layer  554  includes web pages and a graphic user interface such as a web browser. The presentation layer  554  is integrated with data storage layer  550 . The presentation layer  554  also contains the application server, e.g., JBOSS. 
         [0093]    The presentation tier  554  includes a user interface including a Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) server. HTTP is an application protocol that enables web browsing. The presentation tier  554  also includes web application pages which include the administrator pages  558 , the dealer pages  556  and the customer pages  560 . 
         [0094]    The business tier  552  collects status information from the generators through the BIU interface  559 , the database within the server and the user interface, e.g. the web applications. The BIU interface data includes alarm notifications and counter updates. 
         [0095]    The storage tier  550  includes a database server  512  that includes resilient data storage for data replication (redundancy), and a relational database, e.g., dBase or R:Base. Another part of the storage tier  550 , the web host, has high availability, e.g., connects to multiple users simultaneously, is scalable to multiple sites, such as mirror sites, and undergoes regular backups and maintenance. 
         [0096]    In one embodiment, the presentation tier  554  includes four hierarchy or password-protected levels: administrator, super-dealer, dealer and customer. Each of the hierarchy levels has different access privileges. Administrators may create and manage the accounts of super-dealers, dealers and customers. Administrators may also assign customers to dealers. Each dealer may create and manage their own customers&#39; accounts. Customers may only manage portions of their own account. Administrators may oversee super-dealers, dealers or customers as their delegates. Dealers may only oversee customers as their delegates. 
         [0097]    The client or dealer (who supplies the generator system to the client) choose the notification strategy for the monitoring system. The client or dealer may receive notification of events through a contact, e.g., an e-mail, short messaging service (SMS) messages, facsimile, or phone. Notifications may be enabled and disabled on the following three levels of severity: Fault, Warning and Notify. “Fault” notifications relate to hardware errors and generator fault codes, e.g., generator system fault code or BIU POST failures. “Warning” notifications relate to a generator system  108  or BUI interface error. “Notify” notifications relate to the status of operation of the generator, e.g., nearing an air filter change cycle or a power failure. Up to 10 address rules may be specified as contacts. Each customer may opt out of their dealer receiving notification, e.g., the customer may receive the warning message, i.e., low oil, and the user may fix it without the dealer being notified or contacted, and the customer or client may specify the types of notifications their dealer receives. 
         [0098]    In some embodiments, there may be multiple administrator-level accounts. In this embodiment, there is a sub-administrator tier, e.g., a super-dealer or distributor tier. The administrator may add or delete dealers, super-dealers and clients or customers. Super-dealer may be distributor which may sell to dealers. Each super-dealer may create and delete their dealers&#39; accounts. The super-dealer may assign and re-assign customers to their dealers&#39; accounts. Each super-dealer may view their dealers&#39; customers&#39; accounts but cannot change parameters (read only, R/O). Each Super-dealer may assign themselves to receive dealer notifications. Each Super-dealer cannot receive information on the dealers of other super-dealers. 
         [0099]    At the dealer level, the dealers may see a list of their own customers, sorted by customers with alarm conditions, when they log into the web host. Each dealer may sort their customers by a number of different parameters, e.g., name, location, model type, etc. Each dealer may edit and view their customers&#39; accounts but not the accounts of customers of other dealers. Each dealer may set alarm notification configurations on a per customer basis. 
         [0100]    Customers may only see their own account information when they log in to the user interface, e.g. web server. Customers may only edit certain parameters, e.g., their contact information and their notification configuration. Then customers may view their system information such as listed in  FIG. 13  and  FIG. 16 . The customer&#39;s system&#39;s configuration may only be viewed and not edited by the customer (read-only, R/O). The customer&#39;s dealer may only change their own customer&#39;s system configuration. Each customer may view the contact information of their dealer and may opt out of having their dealer be notified of events relating to their generator system, e.g., alarms and warnings. The customer may choose to receive information on the status of the generator, the alarms and counters. The user interface allows changes to the organization of the data displayed. 
         [0101]    In some embodiments, the architecture on some or all the server side is as depicted in  FIG. 12 , including hardware  802 , operating system  804  and application  806 . The system contains an operating system and driver, including Linux kernel  826 , an Ethernet driver  820 , a flash driver  822 , and a serial driver  824 . The operating system controls the remote server manager  842 , the HTTP server  840 , the status and control manager  838 , the auto-discovery  830 , the database  832 , the RF interface  834  and the LED driver  836 . The associated hardware  802  includes the Ethernet  810 , flash memory  812 , serial port  814  and LEDs  816 . The operating system and drivers used are preferably a hardware specific Linux kernel  826  and low-level interface drivers. In some embodiments, the serial port and Ethernet drivers are integrated into the kernel. The auto-discovery/zero-configuration  830  mechanism are defined and partially integrated with Linux kernel  826 . 
         [0102]    In some embodiments, as depicted in  FIG.12 , the system&#39;s Linux 2.6 kernel  826  includes a flash file system  822  (persistent storage) used for fault tolerant and writing leveling by design, network drivers  820  and port drivers  824 . The system further includes a RF interface application  834  which implements the RF transmitter interface protocol, monitors the health of connection to the RF transmitter by e.g., checking for transmitter presence, bit errors, and protocol errors, and notifying the central monitoring system of each type of error through the BUI  559 . The RF interface application translates protocol messages to current generator status. The web interface includes a local HTTP server and access to current status, statistics, and configuration from the local network. The remote server manager  842  packages all BIU status and statistics into periodic web-services and messages of the control monitoring system of server  512 , and reliably delivers the messages. The status and control manager  838  includes alarm notification and logging and CMS message initiation. Auto-discovery/zero-configuration unit  830  includes a windows browser interaction and DHCP/AUTO-IP Network Configuration. 
         [0103]    In some embodiments, the generator system configuration includes the BIU  559  having local storage where configuration parameters are stored. The system configuration parameters are also stored by the central monitoring system server  512 . A list of the parameters stored in the system, including the CMS server, are shown in  FIG. 13 . As shown in  FIG. 13 , some parameters may be accessed by the customer (client) or the installer (dealer), either as read only (R/O) or read/write (R/W). 
         [0104]    Generator status information is delivered periodically to the BIU  559  and the data server  512 . The data server  512  recognizes the status information of the generator  108  shown in  FIG. 14 . The status information also includes status counters. These status counter values may be displayed in intervals, e.g., since instillation, previous 24 hours, previous week, previous month, or previous year. The server&#39;s counters include an event counter and an epoch counter. The event counter counts the number of times an event has occurred, e.g., low voltage events, or transfer switch engagements. The epoch counters count the number of hours and minutes that a condition has been true, e.g., the total run time or time till next automatic exercise cycle. The system&#39;s status counters are shown in  FIG. 15 , including events, e.g., run time, total transfer switch engagement time (amount of time generator has been providing backup power), spark plug run time, air filter runtime, oil filter run time, time till exercise, remaining exercise time, and epoch counters, e.g., switch engagement, low battery voltage, low voltage, engine fail to start, low frequency, e.g., below 55 Hertz, engine overspeed, oil temperature high, transfer switch fault, or total shutdown. 
         [0105]    In some embodiments, the data server  512  logs information in the system&#39;s persistent storage. The information logged by the server  512  includes generator system events, BIU events shown in  FIG. 16 , and log ins replicated in the server  512 . The events contain the number, date, type and message text. 
         [0106]    The central monitoring system (CMS) server  512  interactions include system-initiated polling which works through the HTTP-Proxy without configuration. The default polling interval is 5 minutes, which has minimizes impact on the CMS performance. The default polling interval changes to one minute during generator operation, and the polling change may be initiated by the CMS. The system-initiated polling uses low bandwidth since only small messages are sent and only changed data is sent. The CMS interactions also include status messages sent to the CMS including current status, faults and counter updates. The CMS interaction also includes the status message return, including CMS initiated configuration changes and automatic system upgrades. 
         [0107]    The boot sequence of the system includes the power on self-test (POST). The POST includes checking the DRAM, FLASH, real-time clock, and passes results for non-fatal boots to the operating system (OS). The boot sequence includes boot Linux and system diagnostics including, e.g., checking generator system interface, Ethernet, and connection to CMS data server  512 . If the system diagnostics find fault in the generator system, the GSI LED blinks. If the system diagnostics finds fault in the Ethernet, then the Ethernet LED blinks. If the system cannot contact the CMS, the CMS LED blinks. 
         [0108]    Runtime of the system includes gathering status from the generator interface, updating the counters, updating the log, generating CMS status message, delivering status to the CMS, command received from CMS, run system diagnostics and repeat. 
         [0109]      FIG. 17  depicts an exemplary web interface status information as displayed on a user interface.  FIG. 18  depicts an exemplary generator system information displayed on a user interface.  FIG. 19  shows exemplary values of the web interface counters displayed on a user interface.  FIG. 20  shows an example of the web interface event logging information displayed.  FIG. 21  is an example of the web interface network configuration settings as displayed on a user interface.  FIG. 22  depicts an exemplary web interface dealer contact information displayed on a user interface.  FIG. 23  shows an exemplary web interface owner contact information displayed on a user interface. 
         [0110]    For some embodiments, the BIU hardware is as depicted in  FIG. 24 . The hardware includes a EP9302 16 bit 200 MHz embedded processor  950 , flash memory  952  of at least 32 MB at least 64 MB SDRAM  954 , a real time clock  956  (RTC with battery backup  957 ), a 802.3 10 BaseT/100 Base-TX interface  962 , a RJ45 connector, a RS232 interface  960  via a terminal block connector, reset to factory setting switch (POR)  968 , and a power supply  966 . The hardware may optionally include an USB interface  968  for 802.11b-802.11n wireless connectivity. The power supply  966  is preferably a 5 VDC AC/DC wall power supply via a P5P plug. An optional power supply is Power over Ethernet (PoE)  964 . 
         [0111]    In some embodiments, the BIU unit  559  has several indicator LEDs. The system indicator LEDs  816  ( FIG. 12 ) are power, Ethernet, generator system interface (GSI) and central monitoring system (CMS). The power LED indicates that BIU power is present. The Ethernet LED indicates the 10 Base/100 Base-TX Network is accessible. If the Ethernet LED is not on, the LEDs will provide further network diagnosibility. The GSI LED indicates the generator system interface, e.g., RS232, is accessible. The CMS LED indicates the BIU may communicate with the CMS server  512 . Two additional 802.3 LEDs are in communication with the RJ45 connector, linking LED ON if network link is present and activity LED ON if network activity present. 
         [0112]    The installation procedure includes preparation before site installation and site installation. Preparation before site installation includes dealers recording the following information: generator name, model number, serial number, transfer switch model number and serial number, and BIU serial number. Preparation further includes having the dealer log into the manufacturer server and create customer accounts. A customer account includes the customer ID, name, address, phone and e-mail, and recorded information on the generator, transfer switch and BIU. Site installation includes the dealer or its delegate installing the generator system and BIU. The BIU is preferably mounted to the wall on two screws. Ethernet cable is attached from the BIU RS232 connector to the RF transmitter and to the BIU. The application boots and proceeds to verify that the interfaces are active, and the system LED provides status. The BIU discovers the server  512  and is accessible from the dealer account.