Abstract:
This specification describes technologies relating to dispensing liquid materials. In general, one innovative aspect of the subject matter described in this specification can be embodied in apparatuses that include a container ( 203 ) coupled to an integrated pump cap ( 202 ), the integrated pump cap ( 202 ) including a pump coupled to an intake port to the container ( 203 ) and an output port configured to dispense liquids from the container ( 203 ) when the pump is activated.

Description:
BACKGROUND 
       [0001]    This specification relates to dispensing liquids. 
         [0002]    Many processes require liquids to be dispensed. Liquids can be dispensed in many ways from manual pouring to using mechanical pouring devices. Many conventional techniques for dispensing liquids can have problems with accuracy and spilling. 
         [0003]    Injection molding machines are used to form plastic articles of various shapes and colors. To create colored plastic articles, injection molding systems typically use pre-colored pellets or beads of plastic resin as a base material that correspond to the color of the final molded plastic article. The pre-colored plastic resin is melted and then injected into a mold in order to form the molded plastic article in the desired color. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0004]    This specification describes technologies relating to dispensing liquid materials. 
         [0005]    In general, one innovative aspect of the subject matter described in this specification may be embodied in a device that comprises a container coupled to an integrated pump cap, the integrated pump cap including a pump coupled to an intake port to the container and an output port configured to dispense liquid from the container when the pump is activated. 
         [0006]    In general, another innovative aspect of the subject matter described in this specification may be embodied in a system that comprises: a liquid container including an integrated pump cap; a motor coupled to the liquid container configured to drive a pump in the integrated pump cap to dispense a specified amount of liquid colorant; and a device coupled to the liquid container such that the liquid dispensed from the liquid container is received by the device. 
         [0007]    In general, a further innovative aspect of the subject matter described in this specification can be embodied in methods for dispensing a specified amount of liquid that comprise the actions of: receiving a command to dispense a specified amount of liquid; initiating a motor coupled to a liquid container, the container including a pump in an integrated pump cap; and stopping the motor when the specified amount of liquid has been dispensed from the liquid container. Other embodiments of this aspect include corresponding systems, apparatus, and computer programs, configured to perform the actions of the methods, encoded on computer storage devices. 
         [0008]    These and other embodiments may each optionally include one or more of the following features. The container may comprise one or more components. For example it may be a single component in the form of a cup that may be rigid or flexible. The container may contain a vent to equilibrate the pressure inside the container with atmospheric pressure when the vent is open. Alternatively, the container, when coupled to the pump cap, may form a closed system (i.e, a system that does not have a vent). The container may be sufficiently flexible that, when incorporated into a closed system, the container collapses as liquid is pumped from the container. The container may comprise more than one component such as an outer container that may be rigid and an inner liner that may be flexible. The outer container may contain an air hole that is remains open or an air hole that can be open and closed with, for example, a strip of tape or a valve. The inner liner may collapse as liquid is pumped from the container. 
         [0009]    A variety of pumps may be incorporated into the integrated pump cap such as a G-rotor pump, a peristaltic pump, a syringe pump, or an elastomeric diaphragm pump. 
         [0010]    Particular embodiments of the subject matter described in this specification can be implemented so as to realize one or more of the following advantages. An integrated pump cap allows for precise amount of liquids to be dispensed in a controlled manner. Leaking is reduced as well as limiting the risk of under pouring or over pouring liquids. A disposable container including the integrated pump cap allows for easy cleanup and reduces contamination of the dispensed liquid. The integrated pump can be formed from plastic materials to achieve a lower manufacturing cost and to allow for easy disposability but if the nature of the materials to be pumped or other circumstances warrant, the integrated pump can be formed of metal, or a combination of metal and plastic components. 
         [0011]    Injection molding of colored plastics using liquid colorants can reduce molding costs. A neutral base material can be used for all colors so molders do not need to maintain a number of different colored base materials. Additionally, color quality can be improved by eliminating the heat history from reheating colored base plastic material that has already been melted for coloring. Also using a liquid colorant directly eliminates additional processing, for example drying pre-colored base plastic materials, thereby saving the time and cost to dry the base material. 
         [0012]    The details of one or more embodiments of the subject matter described in this specification are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features, aspects, and advantages of the subject matter will become apparent from the description, the drawings, and the claims. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0013]      FIG. 1  shows an example dispensing system. 
           [0014]      FIG. 2  shows an example liquid container with an integrated pump cap. 
           [0015]      FIG. 2A  shows an exploded view of an example liquid container with an integrated pump cap. 
           [0016]      FIG. 3  shows a view of an example integrated pump cap. 
           [0017]      FIG. 4  shows a cutaway view of the example integrated pump cap. 
           [0018]      FIG. 5  shows another cutaway view of the example integrated pump cap. 
           [0019]      FIG. 6  shows a cross-sectional view of the example integrated pump cap. 
           [0020]      FIG. 7  shows a flow diagram of an example process for dispensing liquids. 
           [0021]      FIG. 8  shows a block diagram of an example injection molding system. 
           [0022]      FIG. 9  shows a flow diagram of an example process for dispensing colorants in an injection molding system. 
       
    
    
       [0023]    Like reference numbers and designations in the various drawings indicate like elements. 
       DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0024]    An integrated pump cap for a container allows for precise dispensing of liquid from the container while reducing risks of spillage and contamination. A variety of liquids having a wide range of viscosities may be dispensed by the pump including adhesives, cements, colorants, coatings, detergents, epoxies, dyes, fillers (e.g., body filler), nano-materials, oils, paints (e.g., automotive paints), pastes, pigments, polymer additives (which may be organic or inorganic), sealants, stains, toners, varnishes, waxes, and the like. The liquids may be neat (including concentrates) or in the form of a dispersion, solution or suspension. 
         [0025]    A drive motor can be coupled to the integrated pump cap in order to dispense a specified amount of liquid. In some implementations or embodiments, a G-rotor pump is integrated into the cap of a container in order to pump the liquids, in response to the driving motor, from the container. However, many other types of pumps may be readily integrated into the cap depending on the nature of the material to be pumped and other application-specific considerations (e.g., cost, efficiency, accuracy, size, weight, whether moving parts can be incorporated into the cap or should be isolated away from the cap, etc.) such as a peristaltic pump, a syringe pump, or an elastomeric diaphragm pump. 
         [0026]    In some implementations, liquid colorants are dispensed into an injection molding device in order to produce colored plastic articles but other types of molding devices may be used too including blow molding, injection blow molding, extrusion molding, and rotational molding devices for example. In particular, a neutral plastic base material (e.g., pellets or beads of plastic resin) can be heated by the molding device. Advantageously, the plastic base material may possess its “natural” color (i.e., the inherent color of the plastic resin without the addition of dyes, pigments or other colorants). The plastic base material may be white, beige, grey, or other neutral color and it may be transparent, translucent or opaque. A precise amount of a liquid colorant can be dosed into the neutral plastic base material so that the melted plastic base material is colored accordingly. The amount of colorant will vary depending on the nature of the plastic base material, the colorant, the desired color, etc. but an amount of about 0.5%-3% by weight or volume is generally useful. The colored melted plastic is then delivered by injection or extrusion into a mold cavity or an extruder head having the shape or profile of the plastic article that is to be formed which could be, for example, a bottle, a film, or many other products conventionally produced by plastic molding devices. While the invention will be particularly described in the context of a dispenser for delivering liquid colorant to a molding device, this is merely to illustrate one preferred application. The invention disclosed herein may be used to dispense a variety of liquids as previously described and the dispensed liquid may be delivered to devices other than molding devices (e.g., a mixing or blending device or a device that fills a container) or may be delivered for immediate end use (e.g., a sprayed liquid or an extruded paste). 
         [0027]      FIG. 1  shows an example of a dispensing system  100 . The dispensing system includes a motor base  102  and a container  104  with an integrated pump cap  106 . The motor base  102  includes a motor (not shown separately) for driving the pump contained in the integrated pump cap  106 . The motor can be an AC or DC electric motor (e.g., a stepper motor, servo motor, etc.) configured to drive a driveshaft that engages the integrated pump cap  106 . Alternatively, the motor can be pneumatic, hydraulic, piezo-electric, mechanical (e.g., using a rack and pinion, crankshaft, cam or other similar mechanism), or hand-driven, provided that it is configured to transfer energy to a driveshaft that engages the integrated pump cap  106 . For simplicity and ease of design, it is preferred to have the motor transfer rotational energy to the driveshaft but linear energy transfer can be used too. 
         [0028]    The motor base  102  can also include a programmable controller, either as a separate unit or as part of the motor itself, such that particular commands can be input in order to, for example, release a specified amount of liquid according to the command. The amount can be according to the weight of the liquid dispensed. For example, one command can cause the motor to operate such that one gram of liquid is dispensed. A second command can cause the motor to dispense two grams of liquid and so on. Thus, a particular liquid can be dispensed in different amounts depending on the application. For example, different liquid colorant amounts can be dispensed depending on the desired color and the amount of plastic material that is to be colored. In some other implementations, motor commands may be calibrated to dispense a liquid by volume rather than by weight (e.g. a programmed number of milliliters). 
         [0029]    The controller can calculate motor driving time based on a specific flow rate of the pump for a given motor speed. This can depend on the particular liquid being dispensed (e.g., as a function of the viscosity of the liquid). Thus, the motor speed and flow rate can be used to calculate a motor run time to dispense a specified amount (weight or volume) of the liquid. 
         [0030]    The motor base  102  can include an interface for entering commands, e.g., for particular liquid dispensing. For example, one or more interface controls can allow the user to specify a particular command using menus, command codes, or a combination of both (e.g., using buttons, touch screen interface, or other input). 
         [0031]    Alternatively, in some implementations, the motor base  102  is coupled to another device that provides a control interface, for example, a computing device. The computing device can include software for both controlling the motor base  102  and providing a user interface. The user interface can allow the user to provide commands for dispensing liquids. 
         [0032]      FIGS. 2 and 2A  show a view  201  of an example liquid container  200  with an integrated pump cap  202 . The liquid container  200  includes a rigid reusable or disposable outer container  203 , and a disposable flexible liner  205  positioned within the outer container. The outer container can provide structural stability when transporting the liquid container  200 . The outer container can be removably coupled to the integrated pump cap  202 , for example, using a threaded ring  204 . The threaded ring  204  can be integral to the cap or a separate piece. The threads on ring  204  can be either male or female with the complementary mating threads formed on the outer container. The threaded ring  204  can also be used to maintain the position of the integrated pump cap  202  on the container  200 . Although threaded ring  204  is illustrated in  FIG. 2  for removably coupling integrated pump cap  202  to container  200 , other coupling mechanisms may be employed such as, for example, a bayonet connector, snap tabs or snap wings, and the like, which may be useful for providing a “quick connect” capability. Alternatively, integrated pump cap  202  may be coupled to container  200  by an interference or friction fit between these two components. 
         [0033]    The integrated pump cap  202  may be coupled to the rigid outer container  203  or the flexible liner  205 . The coupling mechanisms described above are particularly suited for joining the pump to the rigid outer container. Additional stability can be obtained by, for example, forming the liner with a rim  207  at its open end that rests on the upper edge  209  of the outer container  203 . Securing the integrated pump cap to the outer container by the techniques mentioned above may compress the rim of the liner between the upper edge of the outer container and the pump cap. 
         [0034]    If integrated pump cap  202  is coupled to the flexible liner this may be accomplished by a friction fit between the pump cap and the liner or by sealing pump cap  202  to the liner using, for example, sonic welding or an adhesive. 
         [0035]    As shown in  FIG. 2A , the outer container  203  may contain an air hole  203 A that remains open or an air hole that can be opened and closed with, for example, a strip of tape or a valve. In this way, when the air hole  203 A is open, the inner liner  203  may collapse as liquid is pumped from the container thereby facilitating dispensing all of the liquid. Thus, the flexible inner liner in combination with the pump cap provides a sealed liquid container that collapses as the liquid is dispensed. This ventless construction allows for an air tight dispensing that reduces the risk of contamination to the liquid. For example, some liquids can react with oxygen, e.g., liquids that cure when exposed to air. Other liquids can easily be contaminated by particulates in the air which can impair their function and also interfere with the dispensing. The flexible liner can be composed of various flexible materials, for example, low density polyethylene. 
         [0036]    Although liquid container  200  is described as including an outer container and an inner liner, it may be a single component in the form of a container without a liner. The container that may be rigid or flexible and may contain a vent to equilibrate the pressure inside the container with atmospheric pressure when the vent is open. A flexible container may be composed of various flexible polymeric materials, for example, low density polyethylene or, if more strength or durability is desired, an EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) resin such as Elvax®. 
         [0037]    The integrated pump cap  202  includes a motor coupler  206  that, in the illustrated embodiment, rotates about a central axis in response to a corresponding rotation of a drive component in the motor base  102  shown in  FIG. 1 . As shown, the motor coupler  206  includes a number of teeth that can engage a corresponding set of teeth in the motor base  102 . Thus, when the motor drives a rotational drive shaft coupled by the teeth to the motor coupler  206 , the motor coupler  206  is rotated to drive the pump so that contents of the container  200  can be dispensed through an output port  208 . The teeth can be shaped to facilitate transfer of energy from the motor to the pump. Numerous variations on this approach are possible. For example, motor base  102  and motor coupler  206  may have the same number of engagement teeth or a different number of engagement teeth, or they may interact without the use of gears that mesh such as by frictional engagement or magnetic coupling. For simplicity and ease of design, it is preferred to have the motor transfer rotational energy to the driveshaft but linear energy transfer can be used too via, for example, a rack and pinion mechanism. Advantageously, pump cap  202  may be readily disassembled from motor base  102  without using tools so as to facilitate cleaning and installation of a different container  200 . 
         [0038]      FIG. 3  shows a view of an example integrated pump cap  300  in more detail. The integrated pump cap includes a housing  302 , a container coupler  304  (as part of or separate from the housing  302 ), output port  208 , and motor coupler  206 . In the embodiment of  FIG. 3  and the other embodiments, the integrated pump cap and its constituent parts may be formed from plastic to achieve a lower manufacturing cost and to allow for easy disposability, but if the nature of the materials to be pumped or other circumstances warrant, the integrated pump cap may be formed of metal, or a combination of metal and plastic components. 
         [0039]    Referring to  FIG. 3  as an example, pump cap housing  302  may be formed as a single piece or as a combination of pieces that are removably attached together or that are fixed together (e.g., by sonic welding). For example, a portion of the housing  302  can be a lid configured to fit container  200  (either the outer container or the liner). A portion of the lid can be removed in order to form an aperture in which to couple a pump housing including the pump for dispensing fluid from the container. In some implementations, the pump housing includes a first portion positioned on one side of the lid aperture and a second portion positioned on the other side of the lid aperture, where the two portions are configured to engage in order to lock the portions together and to the lid. An o-ring or other seal or gasket can be positioned between the lid and a portion of the pump housing to prevent liquid leaks. In some alternative implementations, the pump housing is joined to the lid (e.g., by sonic welding or using an adhesive) to bond the pump housing to the lid. In other implementations, the pump housing can be integrally formed with a lid for closing the container. 
         [0040]    The container coupler  304  allows the integrated pump cap  300  to attach to the container  200  ( FIG. 2 ). In some implementations (as shown in  FIG. 3 ), the container coupler  304  is in the form of male or female threads that join with complementary threads formed on container  200 . In other implementations, the container coupler  304  is configured to provide an interference or friction fit with the container. In still other embodiments, the container coupler  304  may be a bayonet connector, snap tabs, snap wings or the like (with complementary engaging structure formed on the container), which may be useful for providing a “quick connect” capability. Alternatively, the container coupler  304  may be provided as a weld (e.g., a sonic weld) or as an adhesive that joins the pump cap  300  to the container. As described above with respect to  FIG. 2 , the output port  208  is configured to output liquids from the container as driven by the pump in the pump cap  300 . The pump is driven using the motor coupler  206 . 
         [0041]      FIG. 4  shows a cutaway view  400  of the example integrated pump cap to illustrate additional details. The cutaway view  400  shows the motor coupler  206 , output port  208 , a container  402  coupled to the integrated pump cap using thread ring  204 , and a partial view of pump  404 . In the example integrated pump cap shown in  FIG. 4 , the pump  404  is a G-rotor pump but as noted above many other types of pumps, including a peristaltic pump, a syringe pump, or an elastomeric diaphragm pump may be used instead. 
         [0042]    The pump can be formed from metal, plastic, other materials, or combinations thereof. For example, in some implementations, the pump housing is molded or otherwise fabricated from glass-filled nylon, and the gears are molded or otherwise fabricated from a polytetrafluoroethylne (e.g., Teflon™)-impregnated acetal. As the motor coupler  206  rotates or otherwise moves, the motion is transferred to the pump so that precise amounts of liquid from the container  402  are dispensed through output port  208 . In some implementations, the integrated pump cap is mounted to the motor such that the motor coupler  206  is coupled to the motor at a downward orientation; that is, in its use position, the motor coupler is above the motor, as shown in  FIG. 1 . Thus, the container is positioned above the pump  404  such that the liquid is gravitationally directed to an input of the pump  404 . However, other embodiments are also contemplated. For example, the integrated pump cap may be mounted so that the motor coupler  206  is coupled to the motor at an upward orientation; that is, in its use position, the motor coupler and container are below the motor. In such embodiments, liquid may be dispensed from the container by pressurizing the container (e.g., pressurizing the space between an outer container and an inner liner), or by installing a siphon tube that extends from output port  208  to the bottom of the container, or by using a bladder that expands to expel liquid from the container. 
         [0043]    The exemplary G-rotor pump is described in greater detail with respect to  FIG. 5 .  FIG. 5  shows another cutaway view  500  of the integrated pump cap. In this cutaway view  500 , the G-rotor pump  404  is exposed from the top while other portions of a housing  502  are intact. In particular, as shown in  FIG. 5 , the motor coupler  206  is coupled to a shaft  504 . The shaft  504  is further coupled to an inner or first rotor  506 . The inner rotor  506  sits off center within and engages an outer or second rotor  508 . 
         [0044]    In the embodiment of  FIG. 5 , as the motor coupler  206  is turned by the motor, the shaft  504  rotates. Rotation of the shaft  504  causes the inner rotor  506  to rotate within the outer rotor  508 . The outer rotor  508  has more slots than the number of rotor lobes on the inner rotor  506  such that the inner rotor  506  rotates in an eccentric manner with the outer rotor  508 . This rotation is such that in a first position an input port is exposed allowing fluid to flow from the container into a space between the lobes of the inner rotor  506 . As the inner rotor  506  and outer rotor  508  continue to rotate, an output is exposed between the lobes and the liquid is pushed out of the pump through output port  208 . The outer rotor  508  revolves at a slower rate than the inner rotor  506 , thereby rotating and changing the volume of the chambers created by the slots. 
         [0045]    In some implementations, the pump is reversible allowing liquids to be pumped from outside the container through the output port  208  (which in this configuration may be regarded as an input port) and into a container. In some other implementations, the pump is non-reversible such that liquids can only be pumped out of the container. 
         [0046]      FIG. 6  shows a cross-sectional view  600  of the exemplary integrated pump cap in more detail. The cross-sectional view  600  illustrates the motor coupler  206 , shaft  504 , G-rotor pump  404 , and housing  302 . The G-rotor pump  404  is disk shaped from the side and is intersected by the shaft  504  off-center. In particular, the outer rotor  508  ( FIG. 5 ) is intersected off-center while the inner rotor  506  ( FIG. 5 ) is intersected by the shaft  504  substantially in the center. This off-center drive shaft  504  allows for the eccentric rotation of the G-rotor pump components. 
         [0047]      FIG. 7  shows a flow diagram of an example process  700  for dispensing liquids. For convenience, the process  700  will be described with respect to a dispensing system that performs the process  700 . 
         [0048]    The dispensing system receives a selected liquid container with an integrated pump ( 702 ). For example, the dispensing system can be used to dispense a number of different liquids including any of those mentioned hereinabove. As such, the liquids and their respective containers can be interchanged. For example, for liquid colorants, different colors can be used with the dispensing system in order to provide different colors. Similarly paints can be dispensed for use alone or different colored paints can be dispensed and mixed together to form a blended color. 
         [0049]    Receiving a selected liquid container can include coupling the liquid container with the integrated pump to a motor. The motor can include a drive shaft coupler configured to receive a motor coupler of the integrated pump. Additional couplings can also be performed. For example, an output port of the integrated pump can be coupled to a destination (e.g., a container, machine, or other location), for example, with a tube or other liquid pathway. 
         [0050]    The dispensing system determines an amount of liquid to dispense ( 704 ). The amount to dispense can be determined, for example, in response to a user input to an interface of the dispensing system. In particular, the user can input a specific time to dispense, amount to dispense, or a command code that corresponds to a specific programmed amount to dispense. The input command code can be specific to the liquid to be dispensed. Alternatively, or additionally, the input command code can be specific to the application of the dispensed liquid (e.g., an amount necessary to color a particular volume of neutral colored plastic in an injection molding apparatus). 
         [0051]    The dispensing system activates a motor to dispense liquid ( 706 ). In particular, the motor is activated in order to drive the integrated pump. The motor rotates or otherwise moves a drive shaft that causes a corresponding rotation or other movement of the integrated pump components such that precise amounts of fluid are dispensed as a function of the motor speed, pump configuration, and liquid being dispensed. 
         [0052]    The dispensing system deactivates the motor to finish dispensing liquid ( 708 ). When the specified amount of liquid has been dispensed, the motor is deactivated to stop the integrated pump. Alternatively, the dispensing system can be calibrated to account for any residual liquid between the pump output and the destination (e.g., in a dispensing tube) that will be released so that substantially the exact amount of liquid is dispensed once the motor is deactivated. The dispensed liquid can then be used for various applications. 
         [0053]      FIG. 8  shows a block diagram of an example injection molding system  800 . The injection molding system  800  includes base plastic material  802  (e.g., beads or pellets of a resin in a hopper) and liquid colorant  804  or other liquid (e.g., in a container including an integrated pump for dispensing precise amounts of liquid as described above). 
         [0054]    The plastic material  802  and liquid colorant  804  are provided to an injection molding device  806 . The injection molding device  806  includes a heater  808  and a mold  810 . The heater  808  melts the plastic material  802  and into which the liquid colorant  804  can be added. The melted plastic material  802  can be injected into the mold  810 . The mold has a shape formed within the mold cavity corresponding to a desired output colored molded plastic  812 . Other molding systems may be used and their operational principles can be understood from the block diagram of  FIG. 8  too. For example, injection molding device  806  may be a blow molding, an injection blow molding, an extrusion molding, or a rotational molding device and mold  810  may be provided by an extrusion die or head to yield a plastic component having a desired profile. 
         [0055]      FIG. 9  shows a flow diagram of an example process  900  for dispensing colorants in an injection molding system. A colorant is identified to add to injected molded plastic in order to produce molded plastic of a particular color ( 902 ). The colorant is coupled to an injection molding device ( 904 ). For example, an output port of an integrated pump cap for a colorant container can be coupled to an input of the injection molding device. 
         [0056]    A dosing amount of colorant for each injection molding cycle is determined ( 906 ). For example, a user can input parameters to the injection molding device or to a control interface for a motor that drives the pump of the integrated pump cap. In some implementations, commands are associated with a timing cycle for the injection molding machine such that the precise amount of colorant can be dosed for each molding cycle. 
         [0057]    The injection molding cycle is initiated ( 908 ). Initiating an injection molding cycle can include releasing base plastic material from a hopper into a heating portion of the injection molding device to melt the base plastic material. The determined dose of liquid colorant is added to the melting or melted base plastic material ( 910 ). 
         [0058]    Melted colored plastic is then injected into a mold cavity to form a final color molded plastic ( 912 ). The colored molded plastic is then removed from the injection mold ( 914 ). 
         [0059]    As discussed in conjunction with  FIG. 8 , liquids other than colorants may be dispensed and molding systems other than injection molding systems may be used. The operational principles of these alternatives can be understood from the block diagram of  FIG. 9  too. 
         [0060]    The liquid dispenser can be used to dispense liquids for use in a variety of processes including extrusion, blow molding, film production, etc. In particular, liquid colorants can be used to color various products (e.g., bottles). In some other implementations, the liquid dispenser can be used to dispense colorants for the coloring of waxes for candles and wine bottle seals, to dispense catalysts for thermoset plastics, and to dispense single and multiple component adhesives and sealants. 
         [0061]    The operations described in this specification, in particular, processing commands for a motor to drive a pump to dispense a specified amount of liquid, can be implemented as operations performed by a data processing apparatus on data stored on one or more computer-readable storage devices or received from other sources. 
         [0062]    The term “data processing apparatus” encompasses all kinds of apparatus, devices, and machines for processing data, including by way of example a programmable processor, a computer, a system on a chip, or multiple ones, or combinations of the foregoing. The apparatus can include special purpose logic circuitry, e.g., an FPGA (field programmable gate array) or an ASIC (application-specific integrated circuit). The apparatus can also include, in addition to hardware, code that creates an execution environment for the computer program in question; e.g., code that constitutes processor firmware, a protocol stack, a database management system, an operating system, a cross-platform runtime environment, a virtual machine, or a combination of one or more of these. The apparatus and execution environment can realize various different computing model infrastructures, such as web services, distributed computing and grid computing infrastructures. 
         [0063]    A computer program (also known as a program, software, software application, script, or code) can be written in any form of programming language, including compiled or interpreted languages, declarative or procedural languages, and it can be deployed in any form, including as a stand-alone program or as a module, component, subroutine, object, or other unit suitable for use in a computing environment. A computer program can be deployed to be executed on one computer or on multiple computers that are located at one site or distributed across multiple sites and interconnected by a communication network. 
         [0064]    Alternatively or in addition, the program instructions can be encoded on or can be included in a computer storage medium, a computer-readable storage device, a computer-readable storage substrate, a random or serial access memory array or device, or a combination of one or more of these. Moreover, while a computer storage medium is not a propagated signal, a computer storage medium can be a source or destination of computer program instructions encoded in an artificially generated propagated signal. The computer storage medium can also be, or be included in, one or more separate physical components or media (e.g., multiple CDs, disks, or other storage devices). 
         [0065]    The processes and logic flows described in this specification can be performed by one or more programmable processors executing one or more computer programs to perform actions by operating on input data and generating output. The processes and logic flows can also be performed by, and apparatus can also be implemented as, special purpose logic circuitry, e.g., an FPGA (field programmable gate array) or an ASIC (application-specific integrated circuit). 
         [0066]    Processors suitable for the execution of a computer program include, by way of example, both general and special purpose microprocessors, and any one or more processors of any kind of digital computer. Generally, a processor will receive instructions and data from a read-only memory or a random access memory or both. The essential elements of a computer are a processor for performing actions in accordance with instructions and one or more memory devices for storing instructions and data. Devices suitable for storing computer program instructions and data include all forms of non-volatile memory, media and memory devices, including by way of example semiconductor memory devices, e.g., EPROM, EEPROM, and flash memory devices; magnetic disks, e.g., internal hard disks or removable disks; magneto-optical disks; and CD-ROM and DVD-ROM disks. 
         [0067]    To provide for interaction with a user, embodiments of the subject matter described in this specification can be implemented on a computer having a display device, e.g., a CRT (cathode ray tube) or LCD (liquid crystal display) monitor, for displaying information to the user and a keyboard and a pointing device, e.g., a mouse or a trackball, by which the user can provide input to the computer. Other kinds of devices can be used to provide for interaction with a user as well; for example, feedback provided to the user can be any form of sensory feedback, e.g., visual feedback, auditory feedback, or tactile feedback; and input from the user can be received in any form, including acoustic, speech, or tactile input. In addition, a computer can interact with a user by sending documents to and receiving documents from a device that is used by the user; for example, by sending web pages to a web browser on a user&#39;s client device in response to requests received from the web browser. 
         [0068]    The invention may be represented by numerous embodiments some of which are described below. 
         [0069]    Embodiment 1. A device comprising a liquid container coupled to an integrated pump cap, the integrated pump cap including a pump coupled to an intake port to the container and an output port configured to dispense liquid from the liquid container when the pump is activated. 
         [0070]    Embodiment 2. A system comprising:
       a liquid container including an integrated pump cap;   a motor coupled to the liquid container configured to drive a pump in the integrated pump cap to dispense a specified amount of liquid; and   a device coupled to the liquid container such that the liquid dispensed from the liquid container is received by the device.       
 
         [0074]    Embodiment 3. A method for dispensing a specified amount of liquid comprising:
       receiving a command to dispense a specified amount of liquid;   initiating a motor coupled to a liquid container, the liquid container including a pump in an integrated pump cap; and   stopping the motor when the specified amount of liquid has been dispensed from the liquid container.       
 
         [0078]    Embodiment 4. A device, system or method according to any one of the preceding Embodiments wherein the liquid container comprises an outer container and an inner liner. 
         [0079]    Embodiment 5. A device, system or method according to Embodiment 4 wherein the outer container is rigid and the inner liner is flexible. 
         [0080]    Embodiment 6. A device, system or method according to Embodiment 5 wherein the rigid outer container has an air hole and the flexible inner liner collapses as liquid is withdrawn from the liquid container. 
         [0081]    Embodiment 7. A device, system or method according to any one of the preceding Embodiments wherein the liquid container is pressurized. 
         [0082]    Embodiment 8. A device, system or method according to any one of the preceding Embodiments wherein the liquid container is positioned above the integrated pump cap when liquid is being dispensed from the liquid container. 
         [0083]    Embodiment 9. A device, system or method according to any one of the preceding Embodiments wherein liquid flows from the liquid container under the force of gravity during use. 
         [0084]    Embodiment 10. A system or method according to any one of Embodiments 2 to 9 wherein the liquid container is positioned above the motor when liquid is being dispensed from the liquid container. 
         [0085]    Embodiment 11. A device, system or method according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 7 wherein the liquid container is positioned below the integrated pump cap when liquid is being dispensed from the liquid container. 
         [0086]    Embodiment 12. A device, system or method according to any one of the preceding Embodiments wherein the integrated pump cap is removably coupled to the liquid container. 
         [0087]    Embodiment 13. A device, system or method according to any one of the preceding Embodiments wherein the integrated pump cap is removably coupled to the liquid container by a threaded ring. 
         [0088]    Embodiment 14. A device, system or method according to Embodiment 13 wherein the threaded ring engages corresponding threads on the liquid container. 
         [0089]    Embodiment 15. A device, system or method according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 12 wherein the integrated pump cap is removably coupled to the liquid container by a quick connector. 
         [0090]    Embodiment 16. A device, system or method according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 12 wherein the integrated pump cap is coupled to the liquid container by a weld or an adhesive. 
         [0091]    Embodiment 17. A device, system or method according to any one of the preceding Embodiments wherein the amount of liquid that is dispensed from the liquid container is based on the weight of the liquid. 
         [0092]    Embodiment 18. A device, system or method according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 16 wherein the amount of liquid that is dispensed from the liquid container is based on the volume of the liquid. 
         [0093]    Embodiment 19. A device, system or method according to any of the preceding Embodiments wherein the pump is a G-rotor pump. 
         [0094]    Embodiment 20. A device, system or method according to any of Embodiments 1 to 18 wherein the pump is a peristaltic pump. 
         [0095]    Embodiment 21. A device, system or method according to any of Embodiments 1 to 18 wherein the pump is a syringe pump. 
         [0096]    Embodiment 22. A device, system or method according to any of Embodiments 1 to 18 wherein the pump is an elastic diaphragm pump. 
         [0097]    Embodiment 23. A device according to Embodiment 1 further comprising a motor. 
         [0098]    Embodiment 24. A device, system or method according to any one of Embodiments 2 to 23 wherein the integrated pump cap includes a motor coupler for coupling the pump to the motor. 
         [0099]    Embodiment 25. A device, system or method according to Embodiment 24 wherein the motor is an electric motor. 
         [0100]    Embodiment 26. A device, system or method according to Embodiment 24 wherein the motor is a pneumatic motor. 
         [0101]    Embodiment 27. A device, system or method according to Embodiment 24 wherein the motor is a hydraulic motor. 
         [0102]    Embodiment 28. A device, system or method according to Embodiment 24 wherein the motor is a piezo-electric motor. 
         [0103]    Embodiment 29. A device, system or method according to Embodiment 24 wherein the motor is a mechanical motor. 
         [0104]    Embodiment 30. A device, system or method according to anyone of Embodiments 24 to 29 wherein the motor transfers rotational energy to the motor coupler. 
         [0105]    Embodiment 31. A device, system or method according to anyone of Embodiments 24 to 29 wherein the motor transfers linear energy to the motor coupler. 
         [0106]    Embodiment 32. A device, system or method according to any one of Embodiments 24 to 31 wherein the integrated pump cap further includes a first rotor that is coupled to a shaft that is coupled to the motor coupler. 
         [0107]    Embodiment 33. A device, system or method according to Embodiment 32 wherein the integrated pump cap further includes a second rotor that moves in response to movement of the first rotor. 
         [0108]    Embodiment 34. A device, system or method according to Embodiment 33 wherein the first rotor includes at least one lobe and the second rotor includes at least one slot, the at least one lobe on the first rotor engaging the at least one slot on the second rotor to move the second rotor in response to movement of the first rotor, and wherein the number of lobes on the first rotor is different than the number of slots on the second rotor. 
         [0109]    Embodiment 35. A device, system or method according to Embodiment 33 or 34 wherein the shaft intersects the first rotor substantially in the center thereof and intersects the second rotor off-center thereof. 
         [0110]    Embodiment 36. A system or method according to any one of Embodiments 2 to 35 wherein the motor further includes a controller that can be programmed to control operation of the motor. 
         [0111]    Embodiment 37. A system according to any one of Embodiments 2 and 4 to 36 wherein the device is a molding apparatus. 
         [0112]    Embodiment 38. A system according to Embodiment 37 wherein the molding apparatus is an injection molding apparatus. 
         [0113]    Embodiment 39. A system according to Embodiment 37 wherein the molding apparatus is an injection blow molding apparatus. 
         [0114]    Embodiment 40. A system according to Embodiment 37 wherein the molding apparatus is a blow molding apparatus. 
         [0115]    Embodiment 41. A system according to Embodiment 37 wherein the molding apparatus is an extrusion head. 
         [0116]    Embodiment 42. A system according to anyone of Embodiments 37 to 41 wherein the molding apparatus further includes a heater for melting plastic resin. 
         [0117]    Embodiment 43. A system according to any preceding Embodiment wherein the liquid that is dispensed by the liquid container is a colorant. 
         [0118]    Embodiment 44. A system according to Embodiment 42 wherein the liquid that is dispensed by the liquid container is a colorant used to color plastic resin that is received by the molding apparatus. 
         [0119]    Embodiment 45. A system according to Embodiment 44 wherein the plastic resin has a neutral color and the amount of liquid colorant that is dispensed is selected to impart a tailored color to the plastic resin. 
         [0120]    Embodiment 46. A device, system or method according to any of Embodiments 1 to 36 wherein the liquid that is dispensed from the liquid container is selected from the group consisting of adhesives, cements, colorants, coatings, detergents, epoxies, dyes, fillers, nano-materials, oils, paints, pastes, pigments, polymer additives, sealants, stains, toners, varnishes, and waxes. 
         [0121]    While this specification contains many specific implementation details, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of any inventions or of what may be claimed, but rather as descriptions of features specific to particular embodiments of particular inventions. Certain features that are described in this specification in the context of separate embodiments can also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment can also be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in any suitable subcombination. Moreover, although features may be described above as acting in certain combinations and even initially claimed as such, one or more features from a claimed combination can in some cases be excised from the combination, and the claimed combination may be directed to a subcombination or variation of a subcombination. 
         [0122]    Similarly, while operations are depicted in the drawings in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. In some cases, the actions recited in the claims can be performed in a different order and still achieve desirable results. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Moreover, the separation of various system components in the embodiments described above should not be understood as requiring such separation in all embodiments, and it should be understood that the described program components and systems can generally be integrated together in a single software product or packaged into multiple software products. 
         [0123]    Thus, particular embodiments of the subject matter have been described. Other embodiments are within the scope of the following claims.