Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing a semi-conductor structure consisting in a) producing at least one part of a circuit in or on a surface layer ( 2 ) of a substrate, which comprises said surface layer ( 2 ), a layer ( 4 ) buried under said surface layer and an underlying layer ( 6 ) used in the form of a first support, b) transferring said substrate to a handle substrate ( 20 ) and in removing the first support ( 6 ), c) forming a bonding layer ( 12 ) on said electrically conductive or a grounding plane forming layer ( 14 ) and e) transferring the assembly to a second support ( 30 ) and in removing the handle substrate ( 20 ).

Description:
STATE OF THE PRIOR ART 
       [0001]    The invention concerns the formation of novel structures for semi-conductor components or MEMS type devices, and particularly SOI or SOI type devices. 
         [0002]    Numerous Microsystems or MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) are formed by means of SOI (Silicon On Insulator) materials that make it possible in particular to obtain membranes of monocrystalline silicon-suspended above a cavity. 
         [0003]    SOI type materials are structures composed of a superficial layer  2  in monocrystalline silicon on an insulator layer  4 , in general in silicon oxide ( FIG. 1 ). These structures are obtained for example by assembly by molecular adhesion of a wafer  6  of silicon oxidised on the surface, with another wafer of silicon. 
         [0004]    This assembly comprises a step of surface preparation of two wafers, a step of bringing into contact and a step of heat treatment. Conventionally, this heat treatment is carried out at temperatures between, typically, 900° and 1250° C. for 2 h. 
         [0005]    Then, at least one of the two wafers is thinned, leaving behind a thin semi-conductor layer  2  on an insulator layer  4 . 
         [0006]    The thinning may take place by different mechanical or chemical means, or by separation at the level of a brittle layer created for example by ion implantation. 
         [0007]    For certain applications, it is profitable to obtain circuits on a metallic ground plane. 
         [0008]    In the case of SOI circuits, one aims for instance to properly control the density of the carriers on the rear face of the circuit, itself formed in the superficial layer  2 . 
         [0009]    To achieve this, it is necessary that the SOI circuit, formed in the layer  2  and superficial to the buried layer  4 , of low thickness (for example a layer of silicon oxide), is such that the array constituted by said circuit and the buried layer  4  is on an electrically conducting layer, or metallic ground plane. To do this it is profitable to have a buried oxide of very low thickness, for example 10 nm to 50 nm. It is thereby possible to control the density of the carriers in the layer of the semi-conductor in the vicinity of the interface by the intermediary of the potential difference applied to the conducting buried layer and to the semi-conducting layer. 
         [0010]    However, it is difficult to obtain SOI wafers with a thin dielectric layer  4  and a metallic ground plane, because the wafers could not then undergo heat treatments at high temperature necessary for the formation of circuits or components. 
         [0011]    One may on the other hand transfer, after formation of circuits on SOI material, the circuits onto wafers containing a metallic ground plane. One possibility is to transfer the layer containing the circuits onto a layer with a metallic deposition by double transfer techniques using molecular adhesion. 
         [0012]    But from a technological point of view, this is difficult to implement, because it is difficult to have a direct bonding between a metallic layer and an oxide, especially when this is of low thickness, without having bonding defects. 
         [0013]    The problem is therefore posed of being able to form a structure comprising a SOI type circuit or comprising a layer of circuits on a buried layer and a ground plane under this circuit or this buried layer. 
       DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0014]    The invention firstly concerns a method for forming a semi-conducting structure, comprising: 
         [0015]    a) the formation of at least all or part of a component or a circuit, in or on the superficial layer of a substrate, comprising said superficial layer, a buried layer underneath the superficial layer, and an underlying layer serving as first support, 
         [0016]    b) a transfer of this substrate onto a handle substrate, and then an elimination of the first support, 
         [0017]    c) the formation of a layer forming a ground plane on the buried layer, 
         [0018]    d) the formation, on the layer forming a ground plane, of a bonding layer, 
         [0019]    e) a transfer of the structure thus obtained onto a second support and an elimination of the handle substrate. 
         [0020]    In this first case, the bonding layer may be electrically insulating, for example chosen among SiO2, Si3N4, SiON or other. It may also be electrically conducting, for example in doped Si or in doped polycrystalline Si. 
         [0021]    The invention further concerns a method for forming a semi-conducting structure, comprising: 
         [0022]    a) the formation of at least all or part of a component or a circuit, in or on the superficial layer of a substrate, comprising said superficial layer, a buried layer underneath the superficial layer, and an underlying layer serving as first support, 
         [0023]    b) a transfer of this substrate onto a handle substrate, then an elimination of the first support, 
         [0024]    c) the formation of a layer in heavily doped semi-conductor material, forming both bonding layer and electrically conducting layer or ground plane on the buried layer, 
         [0025]    d) a transfer of the resulting structure onto a second support and an elimination of the handle substrate. 
         [0026]    According to the invention, one forms a circuit on a substrate comprising a superficial layer, a buried layer, for example in silicon oxide, thick or thin, underneath the superficial layer, and a first support. 
         [0027]    This structure is then assembled on a wafer, for example in semi-conductor, which acts as a handle. 
         [0028]    One may then thin the substrate, so as to eliminate the first support up to the level of the buried layer. 
         [0029]    This step of thinning may be carried out for example by mechanical thinning and/or chemical attack. 
         [0030]    In the first case, the layer forming a ground plane may be in a metallic material or in a heavily doped semi-conductor material. Its lateral extension may be limited, and it may therefore only cover part of the buried layer. In the second case, the layer forming a ground plane also forms a bonding layer. 
         [0031]    The transfer step may be carried out by molecular adhesion or by bonding by means of an adhesive substance such as an adhesive, a resin, etc. 
         [0032]    After the step b), a step of thinning of the buried layer of the substrate may be carried out, for example by mechanical and/or chemical means (wet or dry). One may therefore adapt the thickness of the buried layer to the desired thickness. 
         [0033]    The superficial layer may be in semi-conductor material, for example in silicon or in germanium, or in a III-V, II-VI semi-conductor, or in a mixed semi-conductor, for example in SiGe. 
         [0034]    The initial substrate may be a SOI substrate. 
         [0035]    The component or circuit may be an electronic or optoelectronic or MEMS type component. 
         [0036]    The invention further concerns a semi-conductor device comprising a superficial layer of circuits or components, a first buried layer in a dielectric material, a second buried layer forming conducting layer or ground plane, if necessary of limited lateral extension, a third buried bonding layer, and a substrate. 
         [0037]    The layer forming a ground plane may be in a metallic material or in heavily doped semi-conductor. 
         [0038]    The invention further concerns a semi-conductor device comprising a superficial layer of circuits or components, a first buried layer in a dielectric material, a second buried layer in a heavily doped semi-conductor material, forming both bonding layer and electrically conducting layer, or ground plane, and a substrate. 
         [0039]    In both cases, the superficial layer, in which are formed the circuits, may be in semi-conductor, for example in silicon or in germanium, or in a III-V, II-VI semi-conductor, or in a mixed semi-conductor, for example in SiGe. 
         [0040]    The first buried layer may be an electrical insulator, such as silicon dioxide, or thermal silica or a multilayer for example of SiO2/Si3N4 type. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
         [0041]      FIG. 1  represents a SOI structure. 
           [0042]      FIG. 2  represents a component according to the invention. 
           [0043]      FIGS. 3A-3E  represent the steps of a method according to the invention. 
           [0044]      FIG. 4  represents another component according to the invention. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF SPECIFIC EMBODIMENTS 
       [0045]      FIG. 2  represents a device or component according to the invention, comprising, on a substrate  30 , a bonding layer  12 , a layer  14  forming a ground plane, a dielectric layer  4  and finally a layer  2  of circuits. 
         [0046]    The layer  2 -layer  4  array forms an “SOI circuit”. 
         [0047]    The layer  14  may be metallic or in heavily doped semi-conductor material (for example in silicon). This layer may be only local and not uniform or continuous, for example it may be under certain components only. 
         [0048]    The bonding layer  12  may be electrically insulating; this may be an oxide, for example SiO2. It may also be chosen among, for example, Si3N4, SiON or other. 
         [0049]    It may also be electrically conducting, then being for example in doped amorphous Si or in doped polycrystalline Si, or even in doped Si. 
         [0050]    The bonding interface may be localised between the bonding layer  12  and the substrate support  30 . This interface may also, in the case where a bonding layer is deposited both on the ground plane and on the support  30 , be localised in the middle of the bonding layer itself. 
         [0051]    By way of example, the layer  4  has a thickness for example between 10 nm and 500 nm or 1 μm, and the layer  2  a thickness between 10 nm and 1 μm or 10 μm. The metallic layer may have a thickness between 100 nm and 500 nm, and the bonding layer a thickness between 500 nm and several μm, for example 5 μm. All of these thickness ranges can vary outside of the ranges indicated. 
         [0052]    If there is a topology on the rear face (ground plane  14  side) it may be advantageous to carry out a planarisation before the step of bonding or before the deposition of the conducting layer. 
         [0053]    A method for forming such a component will now be described, while referring to  FIGS. 3A to 3G . 
         [0054]    A SOI wafer initially comprises, as illustrated in  FIG. 1 , a support  6 , a buried layer  4  and a superficial layer  2 . This latter layer is for example in silicon, but it can also be in germanium, or in a III-IV, or II-VI semi-conductor, or in a mixed semi-conductor, such as SiGe for example. 
         [0055]    On this SOI wafer ( FIG. 3A ), one forms circuits  18  or all or part of a component in the layer  2 . 
         [0056]    The array is then assembled ( FIG. 3B ), by the side of the layer  2  of circuits, with a handle substrate  20 , by bonding for example by molecular adhesion. Such bonding has the advantage of being compatible with thermal methods, at more or less high temperatures, unlike bonding with adhesive or resins. 
         [0057]    The support  6  may then be eliminated for example by mechanical, and/or mechanical-chemical, and/or chemical thinning ( FIG. 3C ). 
         [0058]    One may then adapt the thickness of the buried layer  4  to the desired thickness. This step makes it possible to properly control the effect of the conducting layer through the dielectric layer  4 . 
         [0059]    The thinning of this layer  4  is in a preferential manner carried out by CMP (chemical mechanical polishing) or by chemical attack (wet or dry etching) down to low thickness, for example from 10 nm to 50 nm. 
         [0060]    One then forms, on the layer  4 , a conducting layer  14  ( FIG. 3D ), for example by gas phase chemical deposition. This layer may be for example in copper, or in aluminium or in doped silicon, or in tungsten silicide (WSi2). 
         [0061]    This layer may cover the entire surface or be localised according to patterns for the needs of the application; one then uses lithographic and etching techniques to delimit the zones with this conducting layer and the zones without this conducting layer. For instance, the conducting layer may be only local, for example under certain components. 
         [0062]    On this conducting layer  14 , another layer  12  in a material making it possible to facilitate a bonding on a substrate, particularly of semi-conductor type, may be deposited or formed. This bonding layer  12  is for example a layer of silicon oxide or a layer of amorphous or polycrystalline silicon. Depending on the nature of the bonding layer, there may therefore be electrical conduction between the ground plane and the substrate or an electrical insulation. In the case of an electrical insulation, the contact of the conducting layer may be taken by the front face or by the rear face of the structure. In the case of a conducting bonding layer, the contact may be taken by the rear face. 
         [0063]    This bonding layer  12  may be a thick layer, for example greater than 100 nm, which makes it possible to obtain a good quality of bonding. 
         [0064]    The fact of placing a bonding layer on the ground plane makes it possible to free oneself of the characteristics of the conducting layer  14 , in particular of the thickness, and/or the roughness of said layer. 
         [0065]    It is then possible to transfer the array, for example by bonding by molecular adhesion onto another substrate  30  ( FIG. 3E ). If a topology is present on the rear face (on the side to assemble with the substrate  30 ), a planarisation may be carried out. 
         [0066]    For instance, one may easily transfer the structure by assuring a good control of the bonding, the bonding by molecular adhesion making it possible to assure no or few defects and a high bonding energy. Moreover, it is compatible with the carrying out of subsequent microelectronic steps. One may also use a bonding by means of an adhesive substance, such as a glue or a resin. 
         [0067]    After this transfer step, the handle wafer  20  that served as manipulator to thin the initial wafer may be eliminated, for example by mechanical and/or chemical thinning or by disbanding at the level of the bonding interface between front face and handle. 
         [0068]    One has for instance a structure such as that of  FIG. 2  with SOI circuits containing a thin oxide  4  on a ground plane  14 . 
         [0069]    The whole lies on a layer  12  that has made it possible to assure the bonding of the structure on a new support  30 . 
         [0070]      FIG. 4  represents another component according to the invention, comprising, on a substrate  30 , a layer  34  in heavily doped semi-conductor material, forming a ground plane and bonding layer, a dielectric layer  4  and finally a layer  2  of circuits. The doping of the layer  34  enables the resistivity of said layer to be at the most around several mΩ/cm 2 , for example at the most around 10 mΩ/cm 2  or 100 mΩ/cm 2 . It is for example a layer of doped polysilicon. 
         [0071]    The layer  2 -layer  4  array forms a “SOI type circuit”. 
         [0072]    The formation of such a device may be described while referring to  FIGS. 3A-3E : the steps are the same, except for the formation of the metallic layer  14  and the bonding layer  12 , which are replaced by a unique layer  34 .