Abstract:
The present invention relates to methods and systems for receiving and distributing currency. In particular, the present invention provides a novel apparatus for the inflow and outflow of a variety of currency. The systems of the present inventio are capable of recycling a variety of currency from multiple countries and multiple denominations. The systems of the present invention have the added advantage of compact size.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION  
       [0001]     The present invention relates to methods and systems for receiving and distributing cash. In particular, the present invention provides a novel apparatus for the inflow and outflow of a variety of cash.  
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
       [0002]     The use of automated cash systems such as automated teller machines (ATM) and other automated cash handling systems has become prevalent in the last several years. These systems are used for the deposit and withdrawal of cash, by tellers in banks, and to deposit and distribute currency in a retail setting.  
         [0003]     A customer using an ATM will typically have a card or token with an identifying numerical sequence thereon that is inserted into the ATM, permitting the customer to deposit or withdraw funds from a bank account without interacting with a human teller. One substantial advantage of the ATM is the capability to transact bank business outside normal banking hours. A typical ATM will include a mechanism to dispense cash notes stored within the ATM in response to a customer&#39;s request. In order to maintain an accurate record of the customer&#39;s account, many ATMs also include a mechanism to detect and count cash notes dispensed. However, many ATMs do not include a mechanism to count and confirm deposited cash. In addition, many ATMs do not include mechanisms to recycle and dispense deposited cash.  
         [0004]     Other types of automated banking machines are used to count and dispense cash. These machines are often used by tellers or customer service representatives in banking and other transaction environments. Other automated distribution systems are used in retail settings (e.g., to give change to customers making purchases with cash).  
         [0005]     Automated cash machines are typically used in retail and bank settings where space is at a premium. Most currently available systems are large and take up considerable space. What is needed is a cost-effective, small profile system with cash recycling capabilities.  
     
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES  
       [0006]     The following figures form part of the present specification and are included to further demonstrate certain aspects and embodiments of the present invention. The invention may be better understood by reference to one or more of these figures in combination with the detailed description of specific embodiments presented herein.  
         [0007]      FIG. 1  shows an expanded view of the apparatus of the present invention.  
         [0008]      FIG. 2  shows a detailed schematic of the note processing portion of an apparatus of some embodiments of the present invention.  
         [0009]      FIG. 3  shows an expanded view of the note belt transport and motor of an apparatus of the present invention.  
         [0010]      FIG. 4  shows an expanded view of the apparatus of the present invention comprising a view of the coin processing portion of the apparatus connected to the note processing portion of the apparatus.  
         [0011]      FIG. 5  shows a schematic view of the transport unit of the present invention.  
         [0012]      FIG. 6  shows a perspective view of the transport unit of the present invention. 
     
    
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
       [0013]     The present invention relates to methods and systems for receiving and distributing cash. In particular, the present invention provides a novel apparatus for the inflow and outflow of a variety of cash.  
         [0014]     Accordingly, the present invention provides an apparatus comprising a system configured to direct inflow and outflow of input coins and notes, wherein the system automatically separates input coins and notes into different denominations and wherein the system reuses the input coins and notes as the output coins and notes. In some embodiments, the coins and notes comprise coins and notes issued by greater than one country. In some embodiments, the coins and notes comprise coins and notes of greater than one denomination. In other embodiments, the coins and notes comprises cash of greater than four denominations. In some embodiments, the system further comprises a single slot for the inflow and/or outflow of notes. In some preferred embodiments, the apparatus is less than 6 cubic feet in volume, and more preferably less than 2 cubic feet in volume. In some embodiments, the system is oriented in a countertop so that during the process of inflow, and/or outflow, the notes and/or coins move through a countertop. The present invention is not limited to passage through any particular countertop. Indeed, passage through a variety of countertops is contemplated including bank, grocery, retail store, and service station countertops. In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises a transport belt component in communication with the notes, wherein the transport belt component is configured to receive and deliver notes; and at least one note storage component in communication with the transport belt component, wherein the note storage component is configured to receive notes from the transport belt component and dispense notes to the transport belt component. In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises coin and/or note detection components configured to identify and confirm the integrity of the coins and notes input into the apparatus; and in other preferred embodiments one or more note direction changer components operably linked to the transport belt component and the notes storage component, wherein the note direction changer component is configured to direct notes into and out or past each of the note storage components. In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises a user interface terminal. In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises a single motor operably linked to the transport belt component, wherein the motor is configured to drive the transport belt component. In some embodiments, the note detection component is a magnetic sensor, wherein the magnetic sensor further comprises an integrated software element. In some embodiments, the integrated software element further comprises a circuit board. In some embodiments, the apparatus is configured for the simultaneous input of coins of greater than four denominations. In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises a pipe-shaped cover, the cover covering the entire apparatus. In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises one or more coin storage components in communication with an upper rotating disk and a lower rotating disk, wherein the upper rotating disk and lower rotating disk are configured to direct coins into and out of the coin storage component. In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises a coin receiving unit in communication with the upper rotating disk, wherein the coin receiving unit is configured for the input and output of coins. In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises a coin detection component in communication with the main upper rotating disk.  
         [0015]     The present invention further provides an apparatus for the inflow and outflow of coins and notes comprising a system for receiving and distributing coins and notes, wherein the apparatus comprises both a note handling system and coin handling system and wherein the apparatus is less than 6 cubic feet in volume. In some embodiments, the coins and notes comprise coins and notes issued by greater than one country. In some embodiments, the coins and notes comprise coins and notes of greater than four denominations. In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises a single slot for the inflow and outflow of notes, and a single coin receiving unit for the infeed and outfeed of coins. In some embodiments, during the process of inflow, storage, and outflow, the notes and/or coins move through a countertop. In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises a transport belt component in communication with the notes, wherein the transport belt component is configured to receive and deliver notes; and at least one note storage component in communication with the transport belt component, wherein the note storage component is configured to receive notes from the transport belt component and dispense notes to the transport belt component. In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises a note detection component configured to identify and confirm the integrity of the notes input into the apparatus; and in additional preferred embodiments one or more note direction changer components operably linked to the transport belt component and the note storage component, wherein the note direction changer component is configured to direct notes into and out or past each of the cash storage components. In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises a user interface terminal. In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises a single motor operably linked to the transport belt component, wherein the motor is configured to drive the transport belt component. In some embodiments, the note detection component is a magnetic sensor, wherein the magnetic sensor further comprises an integrated software element. In some embodiments, the integrated software element further comprises a circuit board. In some embodiments, the note storage component is a film storage drum. In some embodiments, the film storage drum is configured to hold at least 100 notes. In some embodiments, the note direction changer component is a note direction changer wheel.  
         [0016]     The present invention additionally provides an apparatus for the inflow and outflow of notes comprising a single slot configured for the inflow and outflow of different denominations of the notes. In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises a transport belt component in communication with the single slot, wherein the transport belt component is configured to receive and deliver the notes to the slot; and at least one note storage component operable linked to the transport belt component, wherein the note storage component is configured to receive notes from the transport belt component and dispense notes to the transport belt component. In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises a note detection component configured to identify and confirm the integrity of the notes input into the single slot; and one or more note direction changer components in communication with the transport belt component and the storage component, wherein the note direction changer component is configured to direct notes into and out of or past each of the note storage components. In some embodiments, the notes comprises notes issued by greater than one country. In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises a user interface terminal.  
         [0017]     The present invention also provides an apparatus for the inflow or outflow of notes, the apparatus comprising one or more note direction changer wheels configured to change the flow direction of the notes. In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises a single slot for the inflow or outflow of the notes. In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises a transport belt component in communication with the notes, wherein the transport belt component is configured to receive and deliver notes; and at least one note storage component in communication with the transport belt component, wherein the note storage component is configured to receive notes from the transport belt component and dispense notes to the transport belt component. In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises a note detection component configured to identify and confirm the integrity of the notes. In some embodiments, the notes comprises notes issued by greater than one country. In some embodiments, the notes comprise notes of greater than four denominations. In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises a user interface terminal.  
         [0018]     In still further embodiments, the present invention provides an apparatus for the inflow of notes, the apparatus comprising a magnetic detection component configured to detect the denomination of the notes. In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises a single slot for the inflow and outflow of notes. In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises a transport belt component in communication with the notes, wherein the transport belt component is configured to receive and deliver the notes; and at least one note storage component in communication with the transport belt component, wherein the note storage component is configured to receive notes from the transport belt component and dispense notes to the transport belt component. In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises one or more note direction changer components in communication with the transport belt component and the note storage component, wherein the note direction changer component is configured to direct notes into and out of or past each of the note storage components. In some embodiments, the notes comprise notes issued by greater than one country. In some embodiments, the notes comprise notes of greater than four denominations.  
         [0019]     In additional embodiments, the present invention provides a system for infeeding and outfeeding notes and coins, comprising a single note infeed opening configured for the inflow and/or outflow of notes of different denominations into said system; a single coin infeed opening for the input and/or output of coins of different denominations into said system; at least one note detection component configured to identify and confirm the integrity of the notes; at least one coin detection component configured to identify and confirm the integrity of the coins; at least one note storage component; at least one coin storage component; note movement components for moving notes between said note infeed opening and the at least one note storage component; coin movement components for moving coins between the coin infeed opening and said at least one coin storage component; at least one automatic separation component for separating notes into different denominations; and at least one automatic separation component for separating coins into different denominations. In some embodiments, the system is less than 6 cubic feet in volume. In some embodiments, the notes and coins comprise notes and coins issued by greater than one country. In some embodiments, the notes and coins comprise notes and coins of greater than four denominations. In some embodiments, the system further comprises a user interface terminal. In some embodiments, said notes and coins in the process of inflow, storage and outflow move through a countertop. In still further embodiments, outflow of notes occurs through the note infeed open. In still other embodiments, coin outfeed occurs through the coin infeed opening.  
         [0020]     In further preferred embodiments, the present invention provides methods for facilitating the input and output of notes to a customer or other user, comprising providing a system for inflow and outflow of notes and coins, comprising a single note infeed opening for inflow of different denominations of notes into the system; a single coin infeed opening for inflow of different denominations of coins into the system; at least one note detection component configured to identify and confirm the integrity of the notes; at least one coin detection component configured to identify and confirm the integrity of the coins; at least one note storage component; at least one coin storage component, note movement components for moving notes between the note infeed opening and the at least one note storage component; coin movement components for moving coins between the coin infeed opening and the at least one coin storage component; at least one automatic separation component for separating notes into different denominations; and at least one automatic separation component for separating coins into different denominations; and infeeding the notes through said slot. In some embodiments, the notes comprise notes issued by greater than one country. In further preferred embodiments, the notes comprise notes of greater than four denominations. In still further preferred embodiments, the coins comprise coins of greater than four denominations. In other embodiments, the system is less than 6 cubic feet in volume. In some preferred embodiments, the notes and coins in the process of inflow, storage, and outflow move through a countertop. In still other embodiments, the outflow of notes occurs through said note infeed opening. In still further embodiments, the outflow of coins occurs through said coin infeed opening. In some preferred embodiments, the system further comprises a transport belt component in communication with the notes, wherein the transport belt component is configured to receive and deliver notes; the at least one note storage component in communication with the transport belt component, wherein the note storage component is configured to receive notes from the transport belt component and dispense notes to the transport belt component. In other embodiments, the note storage component is a film storage drum. In still other embodiments, the system further comprises a note detection changer component, wherein the note direction changer component is a note direction changer wheel.  
         [0021]     In further preferred embodiments, the present invention provides methods for facilitating infeeding and outfeeding notes of notes to a customer comprising providing a notes input and output system having a notes storage component; accepting input of notes into the system under conditions such that the input notes are stored; and outfeeding at least a portion of input notes so that input notes are reused as output notes. In other embodiments, the system comprises a single slot for the input and output of the notes. In still other embodiments, the single slot for the input and output of the notes is in communication with a single belt for input and output of the notes. In some preferred embodiments, the notes comprise notes issued by greater than one country. In other embodiments, the notes comprise notes of greater than one denomination.  
         [0022]     In still other embodiments of the present invention, methods for facilitating the inflow or outflow of coins from and to a customer are provided, wherein the methods comprising providing an apparatus comprising a first planar member having a hole therein, wherein the hole is configured to accept at least one coin; a second planar member having a cutout therein, wherein the cutout is configured to accept at least one coin; and at least one coin storage unit; wherein the first and second planar members are each movable between at least first and second positions, wherein in the first position the second planar member forms a floor for the hole in the first member and wherein in the second position the hole in the first planar member and the cutout in the second planar member align so that a coin contained in the hole in the first planar member travels through the cutout in the second planar member into the at least one coin storage unit; and accepting infeed of said coins through said coin cup. In preferred embodiments, the methods further comprise the step of confirming the identity of said coins with a coin detection component in communication with the first planar member. In still further preferred embodiments, the coins comprise coins issued by greater than one country. In other preferred embodiments, the coins comprise coins of greater than one denomination.  
         [0023]     In still further embodiments, the present invention provides an apparatus comprising a system for processing coins, wherein the system separates input coins into different denominations and reuses the input coins as output coins, and wherein a last input coin of a denomination is fed out as the first coin of that denomination. In further embodiments, the system comprises a coin detection device, wherein the coins are moved horizontally past the coin detection device by the system. In preferred embodiments, the system comprises a first planar member and the coins are moved past the coin detection device by the planar member. In further preferred embodiments, the system comprises a second planar member and at least one coin storage compartment and the coins are transported to the coin storage compartment by the first and second planar members. In other preferred embodiments, the planar members rotate. In some preferred embodiments, the planar members rotate about a common axis, wherein the axis is in vertical orientation, and the planar members are in horizontal orientation. In particularly preferred embodiments, the system comprises two or less planar members. In further embodiments, the first and second planar members comprise at least one opening and the coins are moved in a horizontal position when located in the one or more openings. In preferred embodiments, the one or more openings are configured to contain one coin at a time. In some embodiments, during the process of outfeeding coins, the second planar member separates the coins one by one from the coin storage compartment and transports the coins to an outfeed opening. In still further embodiments, the outfed coins are presented as a standing pile of coins. In other embodiments, the coins comprise coins issued by greater than one country. In still further preferred embodiments, the coins comprise coins of greater than four denominations. In some embodiments, the system further comprises a single opening for the inflow and outflow of the coins. In further embodiments, the apparatus is less than 3 cubic feet in volume. In some other embodiments, the system is configured in a countertop so that coins move through an opening in a countertop during the processes of inflow and storage, feedout from storage and output of coins to the user. In still further preferred embodiments, the coins are stored lying on top of each other in the coin storage compartment. In still other preferred embodiments, the first planar member is positioned above the second planar member so that by moving the second planar member so that the opening of the second planar member is aligned with the opening in the first planar member the coins fall from the first planar member into or through the second planar member. In other preferred embodiments, the first planar member has an opening therein and further comprises a movable floor beneath the first planar member, movement of the movable floor causing the coins to fall from the first planar member into or through the floor. In some embodiments, the coins move less than  8  inches vertically from infeed to entrance into the storage compartment.  
         [0024]     In other preferred embodiments, the present invention provides a system for inflow and outflow of coins, wherein the system separates input coins into different denominations and reuses the input coins as the output coins, comprising: a) a single coin infeed opening for receiving a plurality of coins; b) a first rotating planar member for separating input coins from the coin infeed opening, the rotating planar member having at least one opening therein configured to accept one coin so that coins are removed from the coin infeed opening by being located in the at least one opening; c)a coin detection device adjacent to the rotating planar member, wherein the rotating planar member moves the coins past the detection device; d) at least one coin storage compartment; and e) a single coin outfeed opening for outfeeding different denominations of coins; wherein the last input coin of a denomination is fed out as the first coin of that denomination from the coin storage compartment.  
         [0025]     In some other embodiments, the present invention provides an apparatus for processing coins comprising a horizontally moving planar member configured to transport coins, wherein the horizontally moving planar member facilitates separation of input coins into different denominations, reuse of the input coins as output coins, separation of coins from an input batch, movement of coins past a coin detection unit, and transport to a storage.  
         [0026]     In further preferred embodiments, the present invention provides an apparatus for processing coins by separation of input coins into different denominations comprising a first horizontally moving planar member, a second horizontally moving planar member that rotates about a common axis with the first horizontally moving planar member, a coin detection device, and at least one coin storage compartment, wherein coins are moved past the coin detection device by rotational movement of the first or second horizontally moving planar members and wherein coins are transported to the storage compartment by the rotational movement of the first and second horizontally moving planar members.  
         [0027]     In other preferred embodiments, the present invention provides methods for facilitating handling of coins comprising: a) providing a system for processing coins by separation of input coins into different denominations comprising: i) a first horizontally moving planar member; ii) a second horizontally moving planar member that rotates about a common axis with the first horizontally moving planar member; iii) a coin detection device; iv) and at least one coin storage compartment; wherein coins are moved past the coin detection device by rotational movement of the first or second horizontally moving planar members and wherein coins are transported to the storage compartment by the rotational movement of the first and second horizontally moving planar members; and b) accepting infeed of the coins. In some embodiments, the system further comprises an opening for the inflow of coins configured to accept a plurality of coins. In other embodiments, the system further comprises a single opening for the inflow and outflow of coins. In preferred embodiments, the coins comprise coins of greater than four denominations. In other preferred embodiments, the system comprises at least four of the coin storage compartments. In still other preferred embodiments, the system is configured in a countertop so that coins move through an opening in a countertop during the process of inflow and storage.  
         [0028]     In still other preferred embodiments, the present invention provides an apparatus for processing coins comprising: a first planar member having a hole therein, wherein the hole is configured to accept at least one coin; a second planar member having a cutout therein, wherein the cutout is configured to accept at least one coin; and at least one coin storage unit; wherein the first and second planar members are each movable between at least first and second positions, wherein in the first position the second planar member forms a floor for the hole in the first member and wherein in the second position the hole in the first planar member and the cutout in the second planar member align so that a coin contained in the hole in the first planar member travels through the cutout in the second planar member into the at least one coin storage unit. In some embodiments, the first and the second planar members are disk-shaped. In other embodiments, the first and the second planar members rotate about a common axis. In further preferred embodiments, the axis is a vertical axis and the first and second planar members are in a horizontal orientation. In other preferred embodiments, the at least one coin storage unit is tube shaped. In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises a plurality of coin storage units for different denominations of coins, wherein the first and second planar members are movable between a plurality of positions to align the hole in the first planar member with the cutout in the second planar member with the plurality of coin storage units. In preferred embodiments, the coins are transported in a horizontal orientation. In still further preferred embodiments, the coins are stored in the at least one coin storage unit in a horizontal orientation. In some embodiments, the apparatus comprises a coin detection unit. In still other embodiments, the first planar member horizontally moves coins past the coin detection unit.  
         [0029]     In other embodiments, the present invention provides an apparatus for the inflow and outflow of coins comprising: a coin receiving member for receiving a plurality of coins, the coin receiving member having an opening therein; a first planar member having a hole therein, wherein the hole is configured to accept at least one coin and wherein the first planar member is movable between at least first and second positions, wherein in the first position the first planar member forms a floor for the opening in the coin receiving member and in the second position the hole in the first planar member aligns with the opening, and further wherein the movement between the first and the second positions causes one coin to be accepted into the hole; coin detection unit, wherein the first planar member moves the coins past the coin detection unit; second planar member having a cutout therein, wherein the cutout is configured to accept at least one coin, the second planar member movable between at least first and second positions, wherein in the first position the second planar member forms a floor for the hole in the first planar member; t least one coin storage unit, wherein the first and second planar members are movable to align the hole in the first planar member and the cutout in the second planar member align so that a coin contained in the hole in the first planar member travels through the cutout in the second planar member into the at least one coin storage unit; a coin storage unit motor for expelling coins from the coin storage unit through the cutout in the second planar member into the hole in the first planar member; coin outfeed unit in communication with the coin receiving member, the first planar member movable to a position wherein the coin in the hole is deposited into the coin outfeed unit; and motor in the coin outfeed unit for expelling coins collected in the coin outfeed unit into the coin receiving member.  
         [0030]     In further preferred embodiments, the present invention provides an apparatus for receiving and dispensing coins and notes and reusing some or all of the received coins and notes as dispensed coins and notes comprising at least one note processing unit and at least one coin processing unit configured to process at least 4 note denominations and at least 5 coin denominations, wherein the total volume of the apparatus is less than 8 cubic feet.  
         [0031]     In still other embodiments, the present invention provides an apparatus for receiving and dispensing coins and notes and reusing some or all of the received coins and notes as dispensed coins and notes comprising at least one note processing unit comprising a note storage component and at least one coin processing unit comprising a coin storage component, wherein notes input into the note processing unit can be reused as output notes and wherein coins input into the coin processing unit can be reused as output coins. In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises an opening in a countertop in communication with the note storage component, wherein notes fed into the apparatus move through the opening in the countertop and are stored in the note storage component. In some embodiments, the note storage component is located underneath surface of the countertop. In other embodiments, the coin processing unit comprises a coin unit opening in communication with the coin storage component, wherein coins fed into the apparatus move through the opening before being stored in the coin storage component, and wherein notes and coins fed out from the note and the coin storage components move through the openings in the countertop before being presented to users. In still other embodiments, the note storage components comprise at least first and second film layers and one or more drums able to rotate in both directions, wherein notes are stored by rolling between the first and second film layers which are then spooled on the drums; the apparatus further comprising a single opening for the inflow and outflow of notes of different denominations. In some preferred embodiments, the portion of the apparatus above the countertop is less than 300 cubic inches in volume. In other preferred embodiments, the accumulated distance that a user&#39;s hand has to travel in order to feed in a coin, take an out coming coin, feed in a note, and take an out coming note, is less than 30 inches. In still other preferred embodiments, the minimum distance between the slot for input and output of coins of different denominations into the apparatus, is 7 inches. In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises a cup enabling users to feed in more than one coin at the time. In still other embodiments, the coin processing unit further comprises a moving planar that transports coin to the coin storage component, wherein coins stored in the coin storage components are stored in a flat position stacked on top of each other to form a stack of coins. In some other preferred embodiments, the level at which a coin is stored in the coin storage component is lower than the level at which a coin is being fed out of the apparatus. In still other embodiments, the opening is used for both input and output of notes of mixed denominations. In some embodiments, notes stored on the note storage components comprise notes issued by greater than one country, and the note detection component configured to identify the value of notes fed into the apparatus identifies the value of notes issued by greater than one country. In still other embodiments, the level of notes and coins in the note storage component and coin storage component is automatically adjusted, by replacing the outflow of scarce denominations with the outflow of denominations that are less scarce, and by replacing the outflow of less abundantly supplied denominations with the outflow of denominations that are abundantly supplied. In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises an outer cover having a slot therein for outflow of notes of mixed denominations, the slot configured to physically interface with a slot in an external note transport system, wherein the note transport system is connected to the apparatus only in connection with the transfer of notes, thereby enabling distribution of notes between the apparatus and the transport system without the outer cover of the apparatus being opened in a way that substantially reduces the security of existing notes in the apparatus, and wherein the apparatus further comprises a processing unit for communicating with the note transport system. In still further embodiments, the foregoing apparatuses are used in assisting cash register transactions for various types of businesses or in cash counting centers.  
         [0032]     In some embodiments, the present invention provides a system for receiving and dispensing coins and notes and reusing some or all of the received coins and notes as dispensed coins and notes comprising an outer cover comprising at least one note processing unit and at least one coin processing unit, wherein the at least one note processing unit and the at least one coin processing unit are contained within the same outer cover.  
         [0033]     In other embodiments, the present invention provides an apparatus for receiving and dispensing notes and reusing some or all of the received notes as dispensed notes comprising at least one note processing unit comprising a note storage component, wherein notes input into the note processing unit can be reused as output notes. In further embodiments, the apparatus further comprises an outer cover having a slot therein for outflow of notes of mixed denominations, the slot configured to physically interface with a slot in an external note transport system, wherein the note transport system is connected to the apparatus only in connection with the transfer of notes, thereby enabling distribution of notes between the apparatus and the transport system without the outer cover of the apparatus being opened in a way that substantially reduces the security of existing notes in the apparatus, and wherein the apparatus further comprises a processing unit for communicating with the note transport system. In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises a countertop, wherein notes fed out of the note storage component move through an opening in a countertop, or similar horizontal surface, before being presented to users and wherein the entire note storage component is placed underneath surface of the countertop, or similar horizontal surface. In other embodiments, notes fed into the apparatus move through an opening in the countertop, or similar horizontal surface, before being stored in a note storage component. In some preferred embodiments, the apparatus further comprises a note sorting device that comprises a rotating note direction changer driven by a drive component that enables the rotating note direction changer to rotate in both directions. In some embodiments, notes handled in the apparatus are positioned longitudinally. In other embodiments, the apparatus further comprises a note path that comprises a movement component in the form of a rotating endless belt. In further embodiments, the note storage components comprise one or more drums able to rotate in both directions, wherein notes are stored by being rolled between layers of film, or other suitable material spooled onto the one or more drums. In still further embodiments, the foregoing apparatuses are used in assisting cash register transactions for various types of businesses or in cash counting centers.  
         [0034]     In still other embodiments, the present invention provides systems configured to provide self-service cash transactions comprising a note processing unit comprising an outer cover having an opening therein for feeding in notes of mixed denominations, the opening configured to physically interface with a slot in an external note transport unit, wherein the note transport unit is connected to the note processing unit only in connection with the transfer of notes thereby enabling distribution of notes between the note processing unit and the transport unit without the outer cover of the note processing unit being opened in a way that substantially reduces the security of existing notes in the note processing unit, wherein the note processing unit comprises a processing unit for communicating with the transport unit, wherein notes fed into the note processing unit can be reused as outgoing notes, and wherein the transport unit comprises of one or more note storage components for storing notes of different value, wherein the storage components are configured to both accept and dispense notes, and where the transport unit contains a processing unit for storing the value of notes fed into and dispensed from the transport unit. In some preferred embodiments, the note processing unit comprises a note sorting device comprising a rotating note direction changer driven by a drive component enabling the rotating note direction changer to rotate in both directions and a note path comprising a single rotating endless belt.  
         [0035]     In still other embodiments, the present invention provides an apparatus for receiving or dispensing coins and reusing some or all of the received coins as dispensed coins and notes, comprising a coin sorting unit and an outer cover having a opening therein used for both the input and output of coins, the opening in communication with the coin sorting unit, wherein the coin sorting unit both receives and dispenses coins. In some embodiments, the coin sorting component comprises a detection unit, at least one coin storage unit, and a moving planar configured to separate incoming coins, transport incoming coins past the detection component, move the in fed coins to a coin storage component; the apparatus further comprising a movable floor underneath the planar, wherein the movable floor allows coins to fall from the planar into the at least one coin storage unit; and wherein in the process of feeding out coins, the planar separates the coins one by one from the at least one coin storage units and transports the coins to the opening. In some preferred embodiments, the moving planar rotates. In other preferred embodiments, the planar has one or more openings therein, wherein coins are positioned in a flat position when located in the openings. In still other preferred embodiments, the level at which a coin is stored in the at least one coin storage unit is lower than the level at which a coin is being fed out of the apparatus. In still further preferred embodiments, coins in the at least one coin storage unit are stored in a flat position stacked on top of each other to form a stack of coins, and wherein the apparatus further comprises a drive component for moving coins higher and lower in the at least one coin storage unit. In other embodiments, infeed of a new coin to the at least one coin storage unit occurs by placing a new coin on top of a stack, and outfeed of a coin from the at least one coin storage unit occurs by removing a coin from the top of the stack, and wherein the last input coin of a denomination is fed out as the first coin of that denomination. In further embodiments, out-fed coins are presented as a standing stack of coins. In some preferred embodiments, the movable floor is a second moving planar that rotates underneath the first moving planar, wherein the second moving planar has one or more openings therein, and the coins are positioned in a flat position when located in the openings.  
         [0036]     In still other embodiments, the present invention provides methods for transporting notes between a stationary note processing unit or apparatus configured to provide self service cash transactions and performing cash register transactions for various types of businesses, comprising: a) providing a transport unit which comprises a slot for inflow and outflow of notes configured to physically interface with a slot in the stationary note processing unit or the apparatus configured to provide self service cash transactions, wherein the note processing unit and the apparatus configured to provide self service cash transactions comprise an outer cover and processing units for communicating with the note transport system, and b) contacting the transport unit with the apparatus configured to provide self service cash transactions or note processing unit under conditions wherein distribution of notes between the transport system and the apparatus configured to provide self service cash transactions or the note processing unit is done without the outer cover of the apparatus configured to provide self service cash transactions or the note processing unit being opened in a way that substantially reduces the security of existing notes in the apparatus or unit.  
         [0037]     In further embodiments, the present invention provides systems for transporting notes from or to at least one stationary note processing system or system configured to provide self service cash transactions and is configured for using incoming notes as outgoing notes comprising at least one transport unit comprising a slot for inflow and outflow of notes, the slot configured to physically interface with a slot in the at least one stationary note processing system or system configured to provide self service cash transactions thereby enabling distribution of notes between the at least one transport unit and the at least one note processing system, wherein the at least one transport unit is connected to the at least one stationary note processing system or the system configured to provide self service cash transactions only in connection with the transfer of notes; wherein the at least one transport unit further comprises at least one note storage component configured to accept and dispense notes of different value, a note detection component configured to identify the notes fed into the apparatus, a processing unit for storing the value of notes fed into and dispensed from the apparatus and communicating with the note processing system; wherein the transport units enables movement of notes to or from the system configured to provide self service cash transactions or the stationary note processing system and facilitates transfer of notes into or out of system configured to provide self service cash transactions or the stationary note processing system, wherein transfer of notes between the transport system and the system configured to provide self service cash transactions or the stationary note processing system occurs without an outer cover of the system configured to provide self service cash transactions or the stationary note processing system being opened in a way that substantially reduces the security of existing notes in the system configured to provide self service cash transactions or the stationary note processing system.  
         [0038]     In other embodiments, the present invention provides an apparatus configured to provide transportation of notes from different stationary note processing systems comprising a first opening configured to physically interface with a second opening in the stationary note processing system thereby enabling distribution of notes between the note processing systems and the apparatus and a note detection component configured to identify the value of notes fed into the apparatus through the first opening. In some embodiments, the stationary note processing systems receive and dispense notes and reuse some or all of the received notes as dispensed notes. In further embodiments, the apparatus further comprises a processing unit for storing the value of notes fed into and dispensed from the apparatus and communicating with the note processing systems. In preferred embodiments, the apparatus is external to the note processing system and physically connected to the note processing system only in connection with the transfer of notes. In further preferred embodiments, the flow of notes from the apparatus to the note processing system is done without the need for physical contact between people and notes. In still other embodiments, the apparatus comprises an output slot configured to interface with an apparatus configured to provide self service cash transactions or with an apparatus configured to provide cash transactions in a cash counting center.  
         [0039]     In some embodiments, the present invention provides systems configured to provide transportation of notes from, to or between different stationary note processing systems comprising at least one stationary note processing unit comprising a first opening for receiving and distributing notes and a connection to a bankcard reader and at least one transport unit having a second opening therein configured to physically interface with the first opening in the stationary note processing system, thereby enabling distribution of notes between the at least one note processing unit and the at least one transport unit wherein ownership of notes received into or distributed from the at least one transport unit is transferred using a bankcard in connection with the at least one stationary note processing unit to access the existing banking payment systems, at the time of the physical transferal of notes, and where the account of the previous owner of the notes is being credited using the existing banking payment systems. This can also be used the other way, by debiting the account, using the existing banking payment systems, of the new holder of the notes when they are being transferred from the transport unit into a stationary note processing unit. In some preferred embodiments, the at least one transport unit comprises a printing apparatus configured to issue a receipt confirming the process of receiving or giving out notes. In other preferred embodiments, the at least one transport unit distributes notes between the at least one transport unit and the at least one stationary note processing unit without an outer cover of the at least one stationary note processing unit being opened in a way that substantially reduces the security of existing notes in the apparatus. In still further preferred embodiments, the at least one transport unit further comprises a note detection component configured to identify the value of the notes fed into the at least one transport unit. In other preferred embodiments, the at least one transport unit further comprises a note storage component comprising at least one drum able to rotate in both directions, wherein notes are stored on the at least one drum by being rolled between layers of film, or other suitable material. In additional preferred embodiments, the at least one transport unit further comprises a processing unit for storing the value of notes fed into and dispensed from the apparatus and communicating with the note processing system. In other preferred embodiments, the at least one transport unit further comprises a processor for storing information about which unit the notes were received from.  
         [0040]     In still other embodiments, the present invention provides systems for transportation of notes between different note processing systems, wherein the system is connected to the note processing only in connection with the transfer of notes, and wherein the transportation system both receives and dispenses notes, comprising; a) a slot for inflow and outflow of notes configured to physically interface with a slot in a stationary note processing system, enabling distribution of notes between the apparatus and the note processing systems system; b) at least one note storage component, configured to accept and dispense notes of different value, the at least one note storage component comprising a drum where notes are is stored by being rolled between layers of film, or other suitable material; c) at least one motor; d) at least one control unit; e) at least one communication component to communicate with the note processing systems; f) a processing unit for storing the value of notes fed into and dispensed from the apparatus and communicating with the note processing system; g) at least one power source; and h) a note detection component configured to identify the notes fed into the transportation system. In some preferred embodiments, the apparatus is external to the note processing system, and physically connected to the note processing system only in connection with the transfer of notes. In other preferred embodiments, the communication component interfaces with an apparatus configured to provide self service cash transactions so that notes are physically fed out of the note processing systems, and fed into an apparatus configured to provide self service cash transactions without the need for physical contact between people and the notes, and wherein notes fed into the apparatus configured to provide self service cash transactions can be reused as outgoing notes.  
         [0041]     In some embodiments, the present invention provides methods for facilitating transport of notes between different note processing systems where flow of notes from the note processing system to the transportation system is done without the need for physical contact between people and notes, comprising; a) providing i) a system comprising at least one note storage component, in which the notes may be notes of different value, and where inflowing notes are reused as out flowing notes, comprising one or more drums where notes are stored by being rolled between layers of film, or other suitable material; at least one motor; at least one control unit; at least one communication component to communicate with stationary note processing systems; a component that stores the value of notes fed into the transportation system; at least one power source;  
         [0042]     at least one note detection component configured to identify the value or count the notes fed input into the transportation system; and ii) notes; b) facilitating the transfer of notes from the note processing system to the transport system. In some preferred embodiments, the apparatus is external to the note processing system, and physically connected to the note processing system only in connection with the transfer of notes. In some embodiments, the notes are physically fed out of the stationary note processing systems in a retail outlet (e.g., a shop, gas station, etc.) and transported to and fed into an apparatus configured to provide self service cash transactions without the need for physical contact between people and the notes, after which the in fed notes in the apparatus configured to provide self service cash transactions can be reused as outgoing notes.  
         [0043]     In still other embodiments, the present invention provides an apparatus configured to provide self service transactions comprising at least first and second openings, a monetary substitute processing unit and a note processing unit, wherein the first opening facilitates the input and output of notes of mixed denominations via the note processing unit and wherein the second opening facilitates feeding in or out different types of monetary substitutes via the monetary substitute processing unit. In some preferred embodiments, the monetary substitutes are selected from the group consisting of casino tokens and chips. In other preferred embodiments, the note processing unit facilitates reuse of input notes as output notes. In still other preferred embodiments, the monetary substitute processing unit facilitates reuse of the monetary substitutes. In still other embodiments, the apparatus is provided for use in relation with gambling. In further preferred embodiments, the apparatus of claims further comprises a slot for outflow of notes of mixed denominations, configured to physically interface with a slot in an external note transport system, wherein the note transport system is connected to the apparatus only in connection with the transfer of notes thereby enabling distribution of notes between the apparatus and the transport system without an outer cover of the apparatus being opened in a way that substantially reduces the security of existing notes in the apparatus, and wherein the apparatus further comprises a processing unit for communicating with the note transport system.  
         [0044]     In some embodiments, the present invention provides an apparatus configured to provide self service transactions, wherein the apparatus comprises an opening for feeding in notes of mixed denominations from more than one country, and an opening for feeding out notes of mixed denominations from more than one country, wherein some or all of the received notes are reused as dispensed notes.  
         [0000]     Definitions  
         [0045]     To facilitate understanding of the invention, a number of terms and phrases are defined below:  
         [0046]     As used herein, the term “user interface terminal” refers to a terminal (e.g., a computer screen and a computer processor) functionally linked to a cash handling system of the present invention. Such terminals are used for communication with users (e.g., for inputting the value of cash deposited or withdrawn) and other systems (e.g., central communications servers or other cash distribution systems). In some embodiments, communication occurs over the Internet. Consequently, some user terminals further comprise web servers.  
         [0047]     As used herein, the terms “computer memory” and “computer memory device” refer to any storage media readable by a computer processor. Examples of computer memory include, but are not limited to, RAM, ROM, computer chips, digital video disc (DVDs), compact discs (CDs), hard disk drives (HDD), and magnetic tape.  
         [0048]     As used herein, the term “computer readable medium” refers to any device or system for storing and providing information (e.g., data and instructions) to a computer processor. Examples of computer readable media include, but are not limited to, DVDs, CDs, hard disk drives, magnetic tape and servers.  
         [0049]     As used herein, the terms “processor” and “central processing unit” or “CPU” are used interchangeably and refers to a device that is able to read a program from a computer memory (e.g., ROM or other computer memory) and perform a set of steps according to the program.  
         [0050]     As used herein, the terms “money” refers to any medium which can be exchanged for something of value. Examples of money include, but are not limited to, notes, coins, money orders, and cashier checks.  
         [0051]     As used herein, the term “cash” refers to notes and coins.  
         [0052]     As used herein, the term “denominations” refers to notes and coins of different value (e.g., one dollar, five dollar, quarters, dimes, etc.).  
         [0053]     As used herein, the term “currencies” refers to money of different countries (e.g., euros, pounds, pesos, kroner, francs, dollars, etc.).  
         [0054]     As used herein, the term “notes” refers to paper money.  
         [0055]     As used herein, the term “coins” refers to metal money.  
         [0056]     As used herein, the term “monetary substitute” refers generically to tokens (e.g., casino chips) issued by a non-governmental institution (e.g., a casino) that have a monetary value.  
         [0000]     General Description of the Invention  
         [0057]     The present invention relates to methods and systems for receiving and distributing cash. In particular, the present invention provides a novel apparatus for the inflow and outflow of a variety of cash. Currently available systems for the inflow and outflow of cash have several disadvantages relative to the systems of the present invention.  
         [0058]     For example, the Cross International HT 8000 (Cross International Technologies) is able to accept multiple denominations of notes but recycle only one denomination of notes and is relatively expensive ($50,000).  
         [0059]     THE FACT—Asp (Fujitsu ICL Financial Services Division) is able to accept six denominations of coins and three denominations of notes but is only able to recycle two note denominations. Diebold markets the CashSource Plus 400P. This is primarily a cash dispenser, where the merchants may refill the unit themselves with in-store-cash.  
         [0060]     CashGuard makes a product that recycles notes and coins. However, the user must sort the notes into different slots in the machine by hand. The users may also feed in only one coin at the time, as opposed to inputting a batch of coins that are automatically separated and sorted. De La Rue makes the TwinSafe II system. This unit recycles notes up to 8 different denominations, but is not capable of handling coins.  
         [0061]     In contrast, the cash handling system of the present invention is able to accept and recycle multiple denominations of cash (e.g., notes and coins), as well as currencies from multiple countries. The apparatus is much easier to use, due to the combination of both coin and note recycling, and through the countertop operation procedure. Novel design features result in an apparatus that is less than 30% of the size of currently available apparatus. Such an apparatus is uniquely suited for a variety of retail, public, and banking settings.  
         [0062]     Accordingly, in some embodiments, the present invention provides automated cash handling apparatuses, systems, and methods for the intake and output of cash documents (e.g., notes and coins). In some preferred embodiments, the apparatus is smaller than those currently available. In other embodiments, the apparatus contains a single cash transport belt system driven by a single motor, providing the advantage of using the same slot for the input and output of cash. In still other embodiments, the apparatus includes a single magnetic sensor controlled by an integrated software program. In yet other embodiments, the apparatus includes foam rubber drums for changing the direction of notes. The automated cash handling systems and methods of the present invention thus provide multiple points of novelty as well as advantages in efficiency of use.  
       DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
       [0063]     A. Cash Handling Apparatus  
         [0064]      FIGS. 1-4  show the cash handling unit (also referred to as a note processing unit) of the present invention. Referring to  FIG. 1 , an apparatus  100  of the present invention is a generally cylindrical or pipe-shaped apparatus. The apparatus comprises a slot  110  for the inflow and outflow of notes and a transport belt component  115  (not shown in its entirety, refer to  FIG. 2  below for a schematic depiction). The apparatus further comprises a note detection component (not shown in  FIG. 1 ) configured to confirm the integrity and value of deposited notes. The apparatus additionally comprises a note direction changer component (not shown in  FIG. 1 ) configured to direct notes into, out of, or past one or more note storage components (not shown in  FIG. 1 ). In further preferred embodiments, the apparatus  100  further comprises a coin recycling unit  120  for providing inflow and outflow of coins from the apparatus  100 . The apparatus  100  further comprises an upper surface  125 , which in preferred embodiments can be a countertop as described in more detail below.  
         [0065]      FIG. 2  provides a detailed view of preferred embodiments of the apparatus of the present invention. The cash handling apparatus  100  of the present invention comprises a single transport belt component  200  for the transport of notes. The transport belt component  200  provides a single track  205  for the transport of notes. The transport belt component  200  comprises five coacting belts  210 ,  215 ,  221 ,  222  and  223 . Notes are held between the belts  210 ,  215 ,  221 ,  222  and  223  as they are moved along the belt transport component  200 . The belts  210 ,  215 ,  221 ,  222 , and  223  are comprised of any suitable material, including but not limited, to rubber. The transport belt component  200  is controlled by a plurality of crowned wheel/belt pulleys (e.g.,  230 ,  231 ,  232 ,  233 ,  234 , and  235 ) and is driven by a wheel  240 . The transport belt components and pulleys also form what is referred to as a note sorting device.  
         [0066]      FIG. 3  shows a side view of the motor and wheel assembly of an apparatus of the present invention. The wheel  240  (i.e., a driving belt pulley), which is preferably steel or plastic, contains a shaft  300  (preferably steel or plastic). A motor  310  turns the shaft  300 , which turns the wheel  240 , thus driving the movement of the transport belt  215 . The present invention is not limited to the use of any particular motor. Any suitable motor may be utilized, including but not limited to, those manufactured by Sonceboz and Mabuchi. The crowned wheel/belt pulley  315  contains a shaft  320  to allow for the crowned wheel to turn. As can also be seen, a wheel  272  (preferably made of rubber) is turned by the shaft  271 , which is driven by the motor  273 .  
         [0067]     Referring back to  FIG. 2 , the crowned wheel/belt pulleys (e.g.  230 ,  231 ,  232 ,  233 ,  234 , and  235 ) direct the transport belt component  200 . The belts  221 ,  222 , and  223 , also turn on crowned wheel/belt pulley assemblies (e.g.,  235 ). The belts  221 ,  222  and  223  also serve to direct the belt transport component  200 .  
         [0068]     Still referring back to  FIG. 2 , notes are deposited through the single opening  250  and travel along the transport belt component  200  to a detection component  255 . An example of a note  260  between the two coacting belts  210  and  215  is shown in  FIG. 2 . The present invention is not limited to any particular detection component. Any suitable detection component may be utilized in the apparatus of the present invention. In some embodiments, the detection component  255  is a magnetic sensor (e.g., including but not limited to, magnetic sensors similar to those described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,960,103 and 6,047,886; each of which is herein incorporated by reference). In some embodiments, the magnetic sensor is controlled by computer software and a computer processor. In some preferred embodiments, the computer processor and software are integrated with the cash handling apparatus via an integrated circuit board (i.e., the same software controls the apparatus also controls the magnetic sensor).  
         [0069]     In other embodiments, the detection component is similar to the bill testing arrangement described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,975,273 and 5,533,627 (herein incorporated by reference) are utilized to determine the authenticity and value of deposited notes. In still other embodiments, the detection component is similar to the sensor unit described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,074,081 (herein incorporated by reference). In yet other embodiments, the detection component is similar to the illumination device and sensor described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,061,121 (herein incorporated by reference). In still further embodiments, the detection component is similar to the detector described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,101,266 and 5,923,413 (herein incorporated by reference) or the document sensor described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,241,244 (herein incorporated by reference).  
         [0070]     Counterfeit notes are returned to the user. In some embodiments, the user is also given a confirmation (e.g., on a user interface terminal or via a printed receipt) of the amount of cash to be deposited.  
         [0071]     Following confirmation of the integrity (e.g., whether or not the note is counterfeit) and value of the deposited notes, notes are directed further down the transport belt to one of a plurality (e.g., 4) of storage components  265 . One of the storage components will now be described in more detail. Notes are directed into a storage component  265  via a note direction changer component  270 . In some embodiments, the note direction changer component  270  comprises a wheel  271  (made of rubber in some preferred embodiments) and a shaft  272  driven by a motor  273 . The direction of notes is changed by turning the currency around the wheel  271 . To deposit notes into the storage component  265 , the wheel  271  is turned in the opposite direction of the main belt  210 .  
         [0072]     The present invention is not limited to the note direction changer component described above. Indeed, the present invention encompasses any component configured to direct cash (e.g., notes and coins) into and out of storage component  265 , including but not limited to, the path selector mechanism described in U.S, Pat. No. 5,680,935 and the gate mechanisms described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,109,522 and 6,170,818 (each of which is herein incorporated by reference).  
         [0073]     In some embodiments, the storage component  265  comprises first  266  and second  267  film storage drums and note storage drum  268 . As notes are transported into the storage component  265 , they are encased between first  276  and second  277  sheets of plastic film or foil or any other suitable material. The first  276  and second  277  sheets of plastic film are spooled on the first  266  and second  267  film storage drums, respectively. The plastic film  273  encasing the notes is wound around the shaft  269  in the note storage drum  268  until the drum is full. Each film storage drum  266  and  267  contains a shaft (e.g., comprised of steel)  280  driven by a motor  285  (See  FIG. 3 ). In some embodiments, the note storage drum  268  is capable of holding at least 100 notes. Each note storage drum  268  holds one or more types of notes. In some embodiments, greater than one of the drums  268  holds the same type of cash. For example, a more commonly deposited denomination may be contained on two or more drums and a less commonly deposited denomination or type of cash may be contained on only one drum. The amount of notes and note identifying information (e.g., value and issuing country) stored on each note storage drum is stored in memory by the integrated software element.  
         [0074]     The present invention is not limited to the storage components described above. Indeed, the present invention contemplates a variety of storage components, including but not limited to, the drums, cassettes and other storage components described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,064,074, 5,628,258, 5,533,627 and PCT publication WO 00/31694; each of which is herein incorporated by reference.  
         [0075]     The apparatus of the present invention is configured to recycle deposited cash from all of the storage components  265 . When a user wishes to withdraw cash or change is given, the amount to be dispersed is relayed to the cash handling apparatus (e.g., via a user interface terminal and keypad or automated). Cash is removed from one or more (depending on the value and identity of the cash to be dispersed) storage components  265  using the motor (also referred to generically as drive components)  285  connected to the storage component  265  and the motor  273  connected to the currency direction changer component (also referred to a rotating note direction changer)  270 . The motor  285  is reversed and notes are spooled out of the drum  265 . In embodiments utilizing the cash direction changer wheel  271  shown in  FIG. 2 , the wheel  271  is reversed (i.e., it is turned in the opposite direction of the main belt) by the shaft  272  and the motor  273 . Cash is spooled out of the plastic film/foil  273  and onto the belt component  205 . Cash is then transported along belt  215  and out the opening  250 . In some embodiments, the user is then provided with a receipt indicating the value of the dispensed cash.  
         [0076]     The cash handling apparatus of the present invention is also configured for the in- and outfeed of coins.  FIG. 4  shows a view of the coin recycling unit (also referred to as a coin processing unit)  120  of the apparatus. All coins  405  are deposited in the coin receiving unit  410  in the cover  412 . In preferred embodiments, the coin receiving unit  410  is generally cup-shaped. The bottom of the coin receiving unit  410  has therein an opening  407 . An upper rotating planar member, preferably an upper rotating planar disk  415  forms a floor for the coin receiving unit  410  and rotates about an axis (not shown). The upper rotating disk  415  has therein a hole  420  therein for receiving coins. In preferred embodiments, the hole  420  is generally, but not limited to a circular shape. Coins are separated by gliding one at the time into the hole  420  in the rotating disk  415 . The upper rotating disk  415  is preferably designed so that only one coin at a time is removed from the opening  407  in the coin receiving unit  410 . The coin is then transported by the upper rotating disk  415  past a sensor  422  that identifies the coins and causes the coins to be sorted. In preferred embodiments, the sensor  422  is a magnetic sensor and the coin is transported along its horizontal plane to the sensor  422 . The coin is then transported by the rotating disk  415  to a position directly above one of a plurality of storage compartments e.g.,  426 ,  427 ,  428 , 429 ,  430 , and  431 . An apparatus of the present invention may comprise one or more storage compartments. Preferably, the coin is also kept in a horizontal orientation for this step.  
         [0077]     The apparatus further comprises a lower rotating disk  435  having an upper surface  440  and having therein a cutout  445 . In preferred embodiments, the upper rotating disk  415  and lower rotating disk  435  rotate about the same axis. In preferred embodiments, the cutout  445  is generally circular in shape. The lower rotating disk  435 , the upper surface  440  of which functions as a floor for the hole  420  in the upper rotating disk  415 , rotates so that the cutout aligns with the hole  420  in the upper rotating disk  415  to open a passage to a preselected (i.e., by the coin detection component) storage compartment,  426 ,  427 ,  428 ,  429 ,  430 , or  431 . The upper rotating disk  415  and lower rotating disk  435  then rotate into new positions, ready to receive or feed out new coins.  
         [0078]     In order to outfeed coins, the coins are lifted by a motor (also referred to as a drive component, not shown) from a storage compartment (also referred to as a coin storage component),  426 ,  427 ,  428 ,  429 ,  430 , or  431 , through the cutout  445  in the lower rotating disk  435  and placed into the hole  420  in the upper rotating disk  415 . Preferably, the hole  420  is configured so as to accept only a single coin. The upper rotating disk  415  then rotates, with the coin positioned in the hole  420 , until the coin is deposited in the coin outfeed tube  425 . In preferred embodiments, all of the coins that are to be outfed during a particular transaction are accumulated into the outfeed tube  425  prior to deposit into the coin receiving unit  410 . A motor (not shown) caused the coin(s) to be transported out into the coin receiving unit  410 . In preferred embodiments, the coin processing component of the apparatus communicates with the note processing component.  
         [0079]     The cash handling apparatus of the present invention is configured for the deposit and recycling of a variety of currencies and denominations (i.e., processing of at least 4 note denominations and at least 5 coin denominations, including notes and coins from different countries). Unique design features including a single transport belt component  215 , single magnetic sensor component  255 , note direction changer  270  and a single opening  250 , minimize the size of the apparatus. An additional design feature that minimizes size and complexity of operation is that the note processing component of the apparatus of the present invention operates in only two dimensions. This allows the cash to remain perpendicular to the sides and panels of the device without changing planes more than once. Furthermore, the apparatus of the present invention utilizes a single driving motor for the transport belt component. These unique features combine to result in cash handling systems that are useful in a variety of settings where the deposit and recycling of cash is performed.  
         [0080]     It will be further understood that additional apparatuses or systems of the present invention include a plurality of the individual units described above. Thus, in some embodiments, of the present invention apparatuses are provided that comprise at least one, or preferably two or more, individual cash handling units. These apparatuses can be arranged in a variety of configurations. For example, the individual units can be arranged side by side, or they can be physically separate, for example arranged at each checkout counter in a store. In preferred embodiments, the individual units are networked so as to be in communication with one another to act a single device or system.  
         [0081]     Of course, the coin processing unit and the note processing unit can be preferably be provided as a single unit (i.e., a cash processing unit), or optionally, as separate units. When the note and coin processing units are present in the same cash processing unit, the cash processing unit preferably comprises at least first and second opening, the first opening for the inflow of notes into the unit and the second opening for inflow of coins into the unit. The note processing unit and coin processing unit are preferably configured as described in more detail above. In preferred embodiments, the first opening is utilized for both the input and output of notes, while the second opening is used for both the input and output of coins. In some preferred embodiments, the cash processing unit is configured to process at least four different note denominations and at least five different coin denominations. The denominations can be denominations of the same or different countries. In other preferred embodiments, the complete cash processing unit is less than eight cubic feet in volume.  
         [0082]     In particularly preferred embodiments, the apparatus of the present invention may be installed in a countertop of a gasoline station, bank, grocery store or any other retail outlet or other setting where handling of cash is required. The apparatus of the present invention is not limited to use in particular countertop settings. Indeed, countertop is defined broadly herein to include any physical barrier between a customer or other user utilizing an apparatus of the present invention and the storage components of the apparatus. In preferred embodiments, notes and coins are fed through the countertop through the single openings for notes and coins. The notes and coins are then automatically sorted by the apparatus into different denominations and stored below the countertop in the note and coin storage components. The stored notes and coins are then recycled for outflow cash and fed through the single note and coin openings, across the countertop, to the customer. In particularly preferred embodiments, the great majority of the components of the note and coin processing units (e.g., the note and coin storage components, the note and coin detection components, the transport belt components, and coin sorting components) are located beneath the plane formed by the countertop. Indeed, in particularly preferred embodiments, the components above of the plane of the countertop occupy a volume of less than 300 cubic inches. In further preferred embodiments, the placement of note and coin input/output slots are configured for the convenience of the user. In these embodiments, the note and coin input/output slots are located than ten inches apart. In still further preferred embodiments, the accumulated distance that a user&#39;s hand has to travel in order to feed in a coin, receive an outcoming coin, feed in a note, and receive an outcoming note is less than thirty inches. In some embodiments, the countertop system is positioned so that it can be utilized in a self-service manner by customers. These embodiments are referred to as an apparatus or system configured to provide self service cash transactions.  
         [0083]     In some preferred embodiments, the note processing apparatuses and systems of the present invention further comprise a magnetic card reader or other suitable identification device. It is preferred that the magnetic card reader is coupled with a processor that provides access to and communication with existing banking systems so that user&#39;s accounts may be credited or debited as appropriate when a transfer of notes occurs. As described in more detail below, the cash handling apparatuses and systems of the present invention may be used in conjunction with transport units and systems. When such a transport system is utilized, it is contemplated that the cash transfer transaction that occurs between the cash handling apparatus or system and the transfer unit is accounted for using a bankcard or other suitable device in conjunction with the identification device (e.g., magnetic card reader) and processor located on the cash handling apparatus or system.  
         [0084]     As can be seen, the apparatuses and systems of the present invention find a variety of uses. In particularly preferred embodiments, the apparatuses and systems provide for the reuse or recycling of money that is input into the system. In other words, money input into to the system by one user is stored and then is redistributed to another user of the system. It will be noted that the note processing systems of the present invention are compatible with automated teller machines (ATMs, also referred to generically as apparatuses configured to provide self-service cash transactions), and can be used in conjunction with ATM machines.  
         [0085]     The coin recycling unit of the present invention also has many unique features (although it should be noted the present invention does not require the presence each of these particular features). The unit features a single component, the upper rotating disk  415 , that 1) separates coins from a batch of coins one by one; 2) transports the coins past a detection device; 3) transports coins to coin storage unit; 4) separates coins one by one during coin outfeed; and 5) transports the coins to an outfeed component. Furthermore, the coin recycling unit exhibits a great economy of space as the coins move less than 4 inches (vertical height) from infeed to storage to outfeed. The coin recycling unit is also different from previously described coin handling systems in that separation and transportation of coins is accomplished by rotating parts. Furthermore, the coin recycling unit of the present invention is different from prior art systems in that the coins are maintained in a horizontal orientation during coin separation, transportation, and storage. Additionally, separation and transport are performed with horizontally oriented components. Finally, the coin recycling unit of the present invention is unique in that the coins are stored in tube-shaped receptacles and are stacked upon each other. This is in contrast to other coin handling systems wherein the coins are stored in box and fed out through the bottom of the storage box.  
         [0086]     B. The Apparatus in Use The cash handling systems of the present invention find use in a variety of commercial (e.g., retail) and banking settings. The following examples are illustrative and are not meant to limit the present invention. One skilled in the art recognizes that systems such as those of the present invention find utility in additional settings requiring the handling and recycling of currency.  
         [0087]     The cash handling systems of the present invention find particular utility in countries where a variety of currencies are utilized. For example, the capability of the apparatus of the present invention to recycle cash of multiple countries make it particularly suited for use in European Union (EU) countries where both the Euro and the currencies of the particular country are accepted. One can envision a customer entering a retail setting (e.g., a grocery store) in a EU country (e.g., Germany) and paying for a purchase in multiple denominations of Euros, Deutsch Marks, or a combination. The Euros and/or Deutsch Marks are input into an apparatus of the present invention. Depending on the customer&#39;s and business&#39;s preference, the apparatus provides change in multiple denominations of Deutsch Marks, Euros, or a combination. Alternatively, in a non EU country (e.g., in an Asian country), the customer pays for an receives change in the multiple denominations of the same currency. In some embodiments, the apparatus is run by an employee of the business. Alternatively, the entire transaction is automated, thus saving the added expense of hiring a cashier.  
         [0088]     In some embodiments, the apparatus of the present invention finds use in self service retail settings such as gasoline fueling stations. For example, many such stations comprise user serviced terminals attached to gasoline pumps for purchasing fuel. Such stations typically are used only for credit or debit card purchases. However, the apparatus of the present invention allows customers to purchase fuel with cash (e.g., notes or coins) of multiple denominations and receive change in multiple denominations.  
         [0089]     The apparatus of the present invention additionally finds use in bank settings (e.g., as an ATM or operated by a bank teller). In particular, the apparatus finds utility in banks in EU countries. Customers in such countries may desire to deposit and obtain funds in multiple currencies. For example, a bank customer in England may wish to obtain cash in Pounds and Euros. The customer can withdraw and deposit both Pounds and Euros into a bank account (e.g., via a teller operating an apparatus of the present invention or via an ATM). The apparatus of the present invention allows the teller (or ATM) to use a single cash handling apparatus for multiple cash deposits and withdraws, thus decreasing the added expense of purchasing multiple cash handling apparatuses for different currencies.  
         [0090]     In additional embodiments, the cash handling system of the present invention finds use in an international airport in cash exchange applications. Travelers arriving from another country enter cash (e.g., from their home country or Euros in an EU country or a combination) and receive cash of the destination country or Euros in an EU country, or a combination. The automated nature of the apparatus of the present invention, as well as its capability to input and output multiple currencies, make it particularly suited for such an application.  
         [0091]     C. Transport Apparatus and Systems  
         [0092]     ATM and other cash management machines/systems currently available fall short of offering a complete cash handling system, which contains the cash in a closed circuit from the customer through the value chain all the way back to availability for the customer again. The systems presently available represent fragmented approaches to the cash cycle. The negative implications following from this include, inter alia, several severe security risks (robbery, fraud, counterfeit notes, etc), and poor cost efficiency.  
         [0093]     The present invention represents a novel and flexible approach to cash management, offering a potential user of the system options ranging from an in-shop apparatus for the inflow and outflow of a variety of currency, possibly and probably typically including a closed transportation system, which eliminates the risk of robbery, both in the retail shop environment and from the shop to the ATM or another apparatus—up to a complete system involving a complete cash cycle which comprises retail operators, security companies, commercial banks and the central banks/national currency institutions acting on behalf of the central banks.  
         [0094]     The present invention solves these problems by providing a novel apparatus for the inflow and outflow of a variety of currency (described in detail above), and a novel set of apparatuses for handling of a complete cash cycle. The present invention can be tailored to meet the customer&#39;s needs—ranging from a single apparatus for the inflow and outflow of a variety of currency to a comprehensive cash management system (“a complete cash cycle”)—a system which handles the cash (currency) from the consumer in a retail setting through different channels until the cash again is available for the consumer. The process may carried out without ever dispersing the cash to a human handler—thus eliminating several risk factors present in current cash management systems.  
         [0095]     Accordingly, in still further embodiments, the present invention provides apparatus and systems for the transport of cash (especially notes) between cash processing devices such as those described above and other cash processing systems such as ATMs. The invention provides, in addition to a novel apparatus for the inflow and outflow of a variety of currency, a transportation unit which physically interfaces (e.g., connects) connects to the note processing unit described in detail above. The currency which is being withdrawn from or fed into the note processing unit is registered both by the note processing unit and the transportation unit by note detection devices (described above) and the information is stored in a processor. The transportation unit can subsequently, and according to the customer&#39;s needs, be brought either directly to a bank for registration or to a separate ATM or note processing unit which is compatible with the transportation unit, or to another apparatus, for inflow or outflow of currency. Preferably, the (transportation unit or the ATM or the apparatus) will identify worn out notes, which can be singled out and brought to the central bank&#39;s counting office for recycling.  
         [0096]     The current cash handling cycle can typically be described as follows. A customer pays in cash to a clerk, which deposits the currency in the shop&#39;s cash register. At the end of the day, the cash is balanced by the clerk, the store manager conducts the final operation with regard to balancing the cash, and the cash generated throughout the day is brought manually to a bank, a night safe etc., either by a store associate or a security company. The cash then undergoes numerous operations involving several manual operations (e.g., by a security company or a bank) before it is refilled into cash transportation boxes, manually refilled into ATMs or brought directly to a store. This cycle typically involves approximately 20 operations, and approximately three days are required for the completion of the cycle.  
         [0097]     In contrast, the novel apparatus(es) and cash handling/management system described herein involves 4-5 manual operations, without ever disclosing the cash to a human, and the duration of the cycle/process is negligible. This is because the clerk or the security associate etc. just needs to bring the transportation box to the nearest “separate ATM” to deposit or withdraw currency, according to the individual needs.  
         [0098]     The advantages following from such a system compared to the current cycle are numerous (although it will be noted that the present invention is in no way limited to these advantages). The security aspects are clear: Cash is never disclosed, which significantly reduces or even eliminates the risk of robbery; the risk of internal irregularities is eliminated—again because the cash is never disclosed; there is no manual counting of cash; the system handles worn notes; the system detects false notes; the physical cycle is significantly reduced both with regard to the number of operations and the time required; the system is very easy to use; the system can handle different currencies; the system always provides the correct cash back; and the system always provides the correct payment.  
         [0099]     A transport unit of the present invention is depicted in  FIGS. 5 and 6 . Referring to  FIG. 5 , a transport unit  500  of the present invention preferably comprises an opening  505  through which notes (e.g.,  506 ) can be input and output. In preferred embodiments, the opening  505  is configured to interface with the opening in the note processing unit for input and output of notes. In operation, the transport unit  500  is positioned opposite the note processing unit so the note input/output openings are aligned, allowing notes to flow (i.e., be transferred) from the note processing unit (or other apparatus such as an ATM) to the transport unit or from the transport unit to the note processing unit (or other apparatus such as an ATM).  
         [0100]     Still referring to  FIG. 5 , the transport unit further comprises a note processing path  510 . In preferred embodiments, the note processing path  510  comprises at least one set of coacting belts  515  and  520 . Preferably, the coacting belts  515  and  520  are comprised of sheets of plastic film or any other suitable material. In preferred embodiments, notes are held between the belts  515  and  520  as they are moved along the note processing path  510 . The belts  515  and  520  are spooled around respective belt storage drums  525  and  530 . The belts  515  and  520  are directed to the opening  505  by pulleys  535 ,  536 ,  537  and  538 . Reversible motors  540  and  545  located in the belt storage drums  525  and  530  allows the belts to fed out during note intake or retracting during note outtake. Notes held between coacting belts  515  and  520  are spooled around note storage drum  550 . A reversible motor  555  located in note storage drum  550  causes the film to be wound around the axis  560  during note intake and dispensed around the axis  560  during note outtake.  
         [0101]     The transport unit  500  further comprises note detection units  565  and  570 , which are arranged to detect the type and value of notes passing along note path  510 . Note information that is obtained during either acceptance or distribution of notes is stored in the processor  575  to a memory. Information about the source of origination of notes (e.g., a store, particular note processing unit or ATM) is preferably stored in the processor  575  as well. The processor  575  also controls the operation of the transport unit. The transport unit  500  further comprises a power unit  580  that can be connected to a power source (e.g., 110 or 120 V power source) and a refillable power source  585  that can be used to power the transport unit  500  in remote locations. Additionally, the transport unit  500  further comprises a printer  590  that prints out information stored in the processor  575 .  
         [0102]     It will be recognized that the location of the previously described components in the transport unit  500  is not critical. Indeed, the components may be arranged in a variety of ways. Furthermore, the present invention is not limited to the storage components described above. Indeed, the present invention contemplates a variety of storage components, including but not limited to, the drums, cassettes and other storage components described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,064,074, 5,628,258, 5,533,627 and PCT publication WO 00/31694; each of which is herein incorporated by reference.  
         [0103]      FIG. 6  presents another embodiment of the transport unit  600 . The transport unit  600  of the present invention preferably comprises an opening  605  through which notes (e.g.,  506 ) can be input and output. In preferred embodiments, the opening  605  is configured to interface with the opening in the note processing unit for input and output of notes. In operation, the transport unit  600  is positioned opposite the note processing unit so the note input/output openings are aligned, allowing notes to flow (i.e., be transferred) from the note processing unit (or other apparatus such as an ATM) to the transport unit or from the transport unit to the note processing unit (or other apparatus such as an ATM).  
         [0104]     Still referring to  FIG. 6 , the transport unit further comprises a note processing path  610 . In preferred embodiments, the note processing path  610  comprises at least one set of coacting belts  615  and  620 . Preferably, the coacting belts  615  and  620  are comprised of sheets of plastic film or any other suitable material. In preferred embodiments, notes are held between the belts  615  and  620  as they are moved along the note processing path  610 . The belts  615  and  620  are spooled round respective belt storage drums  625  and  630 . The belts  615  and  620  are directed to the opening  605  by pulleys  635  and  636 . Reversible motors  640  and  645  located in the belt storage drums  625  and  630  allows the belts to fed out during note intake or retracting during note outtake. Notes held between coacting belts  615  and  620  are spooled around note storage drum  650 . A reversible motor  655  located in note storage drum  650  causes the film to be wound around the note storage drum axis during note intake and dispensed around the axis during note outtake.  
         [0105]     The transport unit  600  further comprises note detection units  665  and  670 , which are arranged to detect the type and value of notes passing along note path  610 . Note information that is obtained during either acceptance or distribution of notes is stored in the processor  675  to a memory. Information about the source of origination of notes (e.g., a store, particular note processing unit or ATM) is preferably stored in the processor  675  as well. The processor  675  also controls the operation of the transport unit. The transport unit  600  further comprises a power unit  680  that can be connected to a power source (e.g., 110 or 120 V power source, AC or DC) and a refillable power source  685  that can be used to power the transport unit  500  in remote locations. Additionally, the transport unit  600  further comprises a printer  690  that prints out information stored in the processor  675 .  
         [0106]     It will be recognized that the location of the previously described components in the transport unit  600  is not critical. Indeed, the components may be arranged in a variety of ways.  
         [0107]     All publications and patents mentioned in the above specification are herein incorporated by reference. Various modifications and variations of the described compositions and methods of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. Although the invention has been described in connection with specific preferred embodiments, it should be understood that the invention should not be unduly limited to such specific embodiments. Indeed, various modifications of the described modes for carrying out the invention which are obvious to those skilled in mechanics, engineering, electronics or related fields are intended to be within the scope of the following claims.