Abstract:
The object of the present invention is to provide asiatic acid derivatives, its pharmaceutically acceptable salts or esters. 
     Asiatic acid, its trisaccharide asiaticoside and mddecassic acid, extracted from Centella asiatica have been used for a long time in the management of skin scars and chronic ulcers. In this invention, asiatic acid derivatives synthesized from asiatic acid show excellent wound-healing properties.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention relates to asiatic acid derivatives expressed by the following chemical formula, and its pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester, its manufacturing method and dermatological agent containing it. ##STR1## Wherein; 
     R 1  is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxy which may be protected by acetyl or benzyl, methyl, ethyl, methoxy, ethoxy, vinyl, ethynyl, cyano, azaide, methanesulfonyloxy, phenylthio, or (methylthio) thiocarbonyloxy; 
     R 2  is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxy which may be protected by acetyl or benzyl, methoxy, or ethoxy; 
     R 1  and R 2  may form oxo altogether; 
     R 3  is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxy which may be protected by acetyl or benzyl, vinyl, methyl, or ethyl; 
     R 4  is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, vinyl, or hydroxy which may be protected by acetyl or benzyl; 
     R 2  and R 4  may form epoxy altogether; 
     R 3  and R 4  may form oxo altogether; 
     R 5  is selected from the group consisting of methyl, hydroxymethyl where hydroxy may be protected by acetyl or benzyl, tert-butyldimethylsilyloxymethyl, carboxyl, carboxylester, carboxylamide, or aldehyde; 
     R 4  and R 5  may form --OC(CH 3 ) 2  OCH 2  -- altogether; 
     R 6  is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, or methyl; 
     R 7  is selected from the group consisting of --CH 2  COOR or --COOR  hence, R is hydrogen, methyl, CH(OR 9 )R 8 , and CH(OR 11 )CH 2  R 10  (R 8  is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl or ethyl; 
     R 9  is selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, octyl, benzyl, methoxymethyl, or methoxyethyl; 
     R 10  is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl or ethyl; 
     R 10  and R 11  may be associated to form --CH 2  CH 2  CH 2  --, glucosyl or rhamnosyl where hydroxy may be protected by acetyl or benzyl!, hydroxymethyl where hydroxy may be protected by acetyl or benzyl, methanesulfony-loxymethyl, or cyanomethyl; 
     R 2  and R 13  represent hydrogen, respectively, or oxo altogether.  When R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5  and R 6  represent hydroxy, hydrogen, hydrogen, hydroxy, hydroxymethyl and methyl, respectively, R is not hydrogen or methyl and R 8  is not hydrogen; In case where R 1  is hydroxy, R 2  is hydrogen, R 3  &amp; R 4  form --OC(CH 3 ) 2  OCH 2  -- together with R 5  and R 6  is methyl, R is not methyl.! 
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART 
     Asiatic acid, its trisaccharide asiaticoside and madecassic acid are extracted from Centella asiatica. They were first separated by Bontems et al. in 1941  J. E. Bontems, Bull. Sci. Pharmacol., 49, 186-91 (1941)! and their structures were also disclosed by Polonsky et al.  J. Polonsky, Compt. Rend., 232, 1878-80(1951); J. Polonsky, Bull. Soc. Chim., 173-80(1953)!. 
     Centella asiatica extracts containing asiatic acid and asiaticoside have been for a long time used in the management of skin scars and chronic ulcers. Said extracts have also used in the treatment of skin deformity owing to tuberculosis and leprosy  P. Boiteau, A. Buzas, E. Lederer and J. Polonsky, Bull. Soc. Chim., 31, 46-51 (1949)!. The pharmacological mode of action related to said substances&#39; wound-healing properties has been reportedly said to activate malpighean cells and induce keratinization  May. Anne, Eur. J. Pharmacol., 4(3), 331-9 (1968)!. 
     Madecassol, one of the currently marketed dermatological agents is also a mixture of three compounds containing asiaticoside (40%) plus asiatic acid and madecassic acid (60%). Among them, asiaticoside, trisaccharide of asiatic acid, has reportedly demonstrated main efficacy while asiatic acid itself has produced no efficacy (Kiesswetter, Wien. Med. Wochschr., 114(7), 124-6 (1964)!. However, there have been some reports that since the efficacy mechanism of said substances depends on their absorption in the body, asiatic acid itself proved to have exhibited the actual efficacy  L. F. Chasseaud, B. J. Fry, D. R. Hawkins, J. D. Lewis, T. Taylor ard D. E. Hathway, Arzneim-Forsch, 21(9), 179-84 (1971)!. Thus, the synthesis and pharmacological mechanism of asiatic acid derivatives have drawn considerable interest. However, the total synthesis of asiatic acid from simple starting material has recognized some disadvantages in that a lot of process steps are inevitably made, thus require significant manufacturing costs. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     To overcome these shortcomings, the inventor et al. have successfully synthesized various asiatic acid derivatives by using asiatic acid obtained from Centella asiatica as a starting material and noted that said derivatives have excellent wound-healing properties so that the present invention was completed. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     The process of manufacturing asiatic acid derivatives according to the present invention is described as set forth hereunder. 
     Process 1 
     To perform the molecular modification on the OH at 2 position of asiatic acid, asiatic acid is treated with diazomethane to yield methylasiatate (2b) quantitatively and again treated with p-toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA) in acetone solvents, to prepare methyl 3,23-O-isopropylidene asiatate (3) where 3,23-OH is protected. The unreacted starting material is recovered. Further, the protected methylasiatate (3) is oxidized by piridinium dichromate (PDC) and acetic anhydride to afford methyl 2-oxo-3,23-O-isopropylidene asiatate (4, R=methyl). The resulting compound is treated with PTSA in methanol solvents, to yield methyl 2-oxoasiatate (5,R=methyl) ##STR2## 
     In the same synthesis procedure using asiatic acid (2a), 3,23-O-isopropylidene asiatic acid (3, R=H) and 2-oxo-3, 23-O-isopropylidene asiatic acid (4, R=H) is yielded, respectively. Said compound (4, R=H) is treated with PTSA to prepare methyl 2-oxo-asiatic acid (5, R=H)  Scheme 1!. 
     When R  said Scheme 1! is hydrogen and alkyl, respectively, both oxidation and deprotecting reactions show that the yield in R=hydrogen is lower than R=alkyl. Accordingly, in case of manufacturing a compound (R=hydrogen), it is rather desirable that a compound (R=alkyl) should be prepared and hydrolyzed. 
     Process 2 
     Further, said prepared compound (4, R=alkyl) is reduced with sodium borohydride to prepare methyl 2β, hydroxy-3β, 23-isopropylidendioxyurs-12-ene-28-oate (6, R=alkyl), a novel compound of the present invention. Then, said compound (6, R=alkyl) is treated with PTSA to prepare methyl 2β, 3β, 23-trihydroxyurs-12-ene-28-oate(7, R=alkyl), another novel compound of the present invention  Scheme 2!. Even in case of a compound (4, R=H), the same reaction is made so that a compound of the present invention (6,7) representing R=hydrogen is yielded. ##STR3## Process 3 
     Also, 2α-alkyl-3,23-O-isopropylidene asiatic acid (17) is prepared by Grignard reaction of the compound (4, R=H) of the present invention with R&#39;MgBr(R&#39;=-methyl, ethyl, vinyl, ethynyl, and cyano), followed by deprotecting reaction of compound(17) to yield 2α-alkylasiatic acid (18), another compound of the present invention  Scheme 3!. ##STR4## Process 4 
     Meantime, in order to introduce various substituents at 2,3 positions of asiatic acid, the 2,3-hydroxy is converted to 2,3-epoxy and via reactions with various nucleophiles for the clevage of epoxy, a series of novel compounds of the present invention may be made available. In other words, methanesulfonylchloride and triethylamine are added to said prepared methyl 3,23-O-isopropylidene asiatate (3) to give methyl 2-methanesulfonyl-3,23-O-isopropylidene asiatate (8), one compound(8) of the present invention. Then, said compound is treated with PTSA to prepare methyl 2-methanesulfonyl asiatate (9), one compound of the present invention. The resulting compound is again treated with potassium carbonate in methanol solvents to synthesize methyl 2β,3β-epoxy-23-hydroxyurs-12-ene-28-oate(10), one compound of the present invention  Scheme 4!. ##STR5## Process 5 
     Also, the inventor et al. discover that when epoxy-cyclohexane, having the same strong bonding forces as said prepared compound (10), is reacted with metal hydrides, especially lithium aluminum hydride(LAH), LAH proceeded generally via the axial attack by the stereoelectronic controlling or after its preferential bonding with surrounding hydroxy groups, LAH proceeded via intramolecular attack to form 2β-alcohol. Accordinlgy, compound (10) is treated with LAH to prepare 2β, 3β-epoxyurs-12-ene-23, 28-diol (11) where ester sites are reduced and 3-deoxyasiatic alcohol (12) where ester sites and epoxy are reduced. Through the prolonged time of such reaction, the compound(12) is prepared in high yield  Scheme 5!. ##STR6## Process 6 
     Said compounds (11,12) are also made available by the following process: Compound (10) is treated with tert-butyldimethylsilyl chloride and imidazole in dimethylformamide solvents to give the intermediate compound (13) quantitatively. Said compound is refluxed to reduce epoxide and is again desilylated with tetrabutylammonium fluoride  Scheme 6!. ##STR7## Process 7 
     Also, the compound (10) is reacted with diborane and catalytic amounts of sodium borohydride to prepare methyl 2-deoxyasiatate (14) and methyl 3-deoxyasiatate (15), one compound of the present invention  scheme 7!. ##STR8## Process 8 
     Also, under the same reduction condition as described in said Scheme 7, reduction of the compound (13) is made and then followed by desilylation with tetrabutylammonium fluoride, thus further enhancing the ratio of compound (14) among the product  Scheme 8!. ##STR9## Process 9 
     Treatment of said prepared compound (14) with LAH may give of 2-deoxyasiatic alcohol (16) in high yield, one compound of the present invention  Scheme 9!. ##STR10## Process 10 
     The 2-OH position of methyl 3,23-O-isopropylidene asiatates (3) is treated with sodium hydride and imidazole for its conversion into alkoxide. Said compound is refluxed with the addition of carbon disulfide and then treated with methyl iodide to give xantate (19). Said xantate (19) is treated with tributyltin hydride and small amounts of AIBN to prepare methyl 2-deoxy-3,23-O-isopropylidene asiatate (20) and via the deprotecting reaction, methyl 2-deoxyasiatate (21) is prepared. Said compound (21) is hydrolyzed with lithium iodide in 2,4,6-collidine solvents to prepare 2-deoxyasiatic acid (22)  Scheme 10!. ##STR11## Process 11 
     The 2-hydroxy of methyl 3,23-O-isopropylidene asiatate (3) is protected with the benzyl and reduction of the ester sites with LAH produced 2-O-benzyl-3,23-O-isopropylidene asiaticol (24). Said compound (24) is mesylated with methanesulfonyl chloride and then substituted with sodium cyanide to prepare 2α-benzyloxy-28-cyano-3β, 23-isopropylidenedioxyurs-12-ene (26). Said compound (26) is treated with hydrochloric acid/tetrahydrofuran to give 2α-benzyloxy-28-cyano-3β,23-dihydroxyurs-12-ene (27). Said compound (27) is treated with Pd/C to prepare 28-cyano-2,3,23-trihydroxyurs-12-ene(28)  Scheme 11!. ##STR12## Process 12 
     By treating pyridinium dichromate (PDC) of the compound of the present invention (14=21), a compound (29), where the hydroxy at 3 position is oxidized with the oxo and hydroxymethyl at 4 position is converted to the methyl, is prepared. By reducing said compound (29) with sodium borohydride, the oxo at 3 position may be converted to the hydroxy. Further, by the Grignard reaction of the said compound, the alkyl or alkenyl may be introduced at 3 position (compound 31,32)  Scheme 12!. ##STR13## Process 13 
     By treating the compound of the present invention (4, R=methyl) with KHMDS and dimethylsulfate, the methoxy may be introduced at 2 position (compound 33). When this compound is treated with dilute hydrochloric acid and its protecting are removed, methyl 2-methoxyurs-12-ene-3-one-28-oate(34) is prepared  Scheme 13!. ##STR14## Process 14,15 
     Meantime, the corresponding esters (two compounds of the present invention (35, 37) are prepared by the following Schemes,  14! and  15!: 
     After direct hydrolysis of Centella asiatica extracts, crude products are prepared via their neutralization and freeze-dried process. Triacetyl asiatic acid produced by direct acetylation of said crude products is reacted with alkoxymethyl chloride derivatives using base  Scheme 14!, or 
     Triacetyl asiatic acid is reacted with vinyl ether derivatives using catalytic amounts of acid  Scheme 15!. 
     By treating said prepared triacetyl esters (35,37) with potassium carbonate/methanol, the selective deacetylation with presevation of ester sites in saccharide proceeded so that asiaticoside derivatives (36, 38) where a cyclic saccharide is combinded in ester linkage are prepared. ##STR15## Process 16 
     Also, asiatic acid derivatives of the present invention contains their glycosides. In case of manufacturing said glycoside compounds, the selective and effective protection of hydroxy of saccharide is important. According to the present invention, the target glycosides could be prepared by protecting saccharide in acetylation, which has the following advantages: a) reaction may be easy, b) process is simple, c) high yield is expected, and d) deprotected reaction is also easy. 
     Scheme 16 shows that asiatic acid (or triacetyl asiatic acid), a starting material, is reacted with 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosylbromide to prepare 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl asiatate compound (39). ##STR16## 
     In a similar process as above, α-L-rhamnose is acetylated to synthesize 1,2,3,4-tetra-O-acetyl-α-L-rhamnopyranose, followed by bromination with hydrobromic acid, to prepare 1,2,3,4-tetra-O-acetyl rhamnopyranosyl bromide. Then, said bromide is reacted with triacetyl asiatic acid to prepare tetraacetylrhamnopyranosyl triacetylasiatate (40). 
     From said prepared glycoside compounds (39, 40), acetyl combined with saccharides is easily hydrolyzed under extremely mild conditions. Accordingly, in case of using said glycoside compound as pharmaceuticals, it is conceivable that the acetyl in the body may be hydrolyzed into hydroxy. In case of said compounds (39,40) whose saccharide sites contain several acetyl, their lipophilicity becomes highly increasing and it is expected that their trandermal absorption may be further facilitated. And after transdermal absoption, their saccharide sites are hydrolyzed by skin esterase and this may facilitate the hydrolysis in ester sites, whereby asiatic acid may be easily freed in the body. 
     Process 17 
     Methyl 3,23-O-isopropylidene asiatate (3, R=methyl) is reacted with sodium hydride and alkyl iodide to alkylate the hydroxy at 2 position. By deprotecting acetonide with hydrochloric acid and methanol, methyl 2-O-alkylasiatate (41) is prepared. The hydroxy at 3, 23 positions of said compound is acetylated for protection and then oxidized with sodium dichromate using acetic acid to prepare methyl 3,23-O-diacetyl-2-O-alkyl-11-oxoasiatate (42) where the oxo at is introduced at 11 position. 
     Said compound is treated with potassium carbonate to deprotect the acetyl so that methyl 2-O-alkyl-11-oxoasiatate (43) is synthesized. ##STR17## Process 18 
     The hydroxy at 2 position of methyl 3,23-O-isopropylidene asiatate (3, R=methyl) is acetylated with acetic anhydride for protection and then acetonide only is selectively deprotected with 0.1N HCl to synthesize methyl 2-O-acetylasiatate (44). Said compound (44) is oxidized with 1 anhydride for protection and then acetonide only is selectively deprotected with 0.1N HCl to synthesize methyl 2-O-acetylasiatate (44). Said compound (44) is oxidized with 1 equivalent of pyridinium dichromate at room temperature so that methyl 2-acetyloxy-3-hydroxyurs-12-ene-23-al-28-oate (45) is prepared. Said compound (45) is again oxidized by refluxing with 2 equivalent of pyridinium dichromate in dichloromethane to obtain methyl 2-acetyloxyurs-12-ene-23-al-3-one-28-oate (46). ##STR18## Process 19 
     As manufactured in said Process 11,methyl-2-O-benzyl-3,23-O-isopropylidene asiatate (23) is treated with hydrochloric acid for deprotecting acetonide only and then oxidized with pyridinium dichromate to synthesize methyl 2-O-benzyl-3-hydroxyurs-12-ene-23-al-28-oate (48). ##STR19## Process 20 
     As manufactured in said Process 11, 2-benzyloxy-28-cyano-3,23-dihyroxyurs-12-ene (27) is hydrolyzed with 80% potassium hydride to synthesize 2-benzyloxy-3,23-dihydroxyurs-12-ene-28-carboxylic acid (49). Said compound is contacted with Pd/C catalyst for reduction to prepare 2β, 3β, 23-trihydroxyurs-12-ene-28-carboxylic acid (homoasiatic acid). ##STR20## Process 21 
     3,23-O-isopropylidene-2-oxoasiatic acid (51) is reacted with chloromethylethyl ether using diisopropylethylamine as Hunig base to synthesize ethoxymethyl 3,23-isopropylidenedioxyurs-12-ene-2-one-28-oate (52). Under the same condition, said compound (51) is reacted with chloromethyloctyl ether to synthesize octyloxymethyl 3,23-isopropylidenedioxyurs-12-ene-2-one-28-oate (53). ##STR21## Process 22 
     The hydroxy at 2 position of 3,23-O-isopropylidne asiatic acid (3,R=H) is acetylated for protection. Then, compound (54) so obtained is reacted with chloromethyletyl ether and chloromethyloctyl ether, respectively, using diisopropylethylamine as Hunig base to synthesize both ethoxymethyl-2-α-acetyloxy-3β,23-isopropylidenedioxyurs-12-ene-28-oate (55) and octyloxymethyl 2-α-acetyloxy-3β,23-isopropylidenedioxyurs-12-ene-28-oate (56). Said prepared compounds (55), (56) are treated with potassium carbonate, respectively, for deprotecting acetyl, whereby ethoxymethyl 2α-hydroxy-3β, 23-isopropylidenedioxyurs-12-ene-28-oate (58) and octyloxymethyl 2α-hydroxy-3β, 23-isopropylidenedioxyurs-12-ene-28-oate (59) are synthesized. 
     2-acetyl-3,23-O-isopropylidene asiatic acid(54) is reacted with dihydropyran using pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate (PPTS) to synthesize 2-tetrahydropyranyl 3β, 23-isopropylidenedioxyurs-12-ene-28-oate (57). ##STR22## Process 23 
     The hydroxy s at 3, 23 positions of 2-deoxyasiatic acid (22) are acetylated for protection, to prepare 2-deoxy-3,23-diacetyl asiatic acid (60). Said compound (60) is reacted with dihydropyran using pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate to prepare 2-tetrahydropyranyl 3β, 23-diacetyloxyurs-12-ene-28-oate (61). 
     Said compound (60) is reacted with chloromethylethyl ether and chloromethyloctyl ether, respectively, using diisopropylethylamine to synthesize both ethoxymethyl 3β,23-diacetyloxyurs-12-ene-28-oate (62) and octyloxymethyl 3β, 23-diacetyloxyurs-12-ene-28-oate (63). Said prepared compounds(62), (63) are treated with potassium carbonate, respectively, and after hydrolyzing their acetyl, both ethoxymethyl 3β, 23-dihydroxyurs-12-ene-28-oate (64) and octyloxymethyl 3β, 23-dihydroxyurs-12-ene-28-oate (65) are prepared. ##STR23## Process 24 
     Methyl 2β, 23-dihydroxyurs-12-ene-28-oate (66), together with lithium iodide, were heated for refluxed using 2,4,6-trimethylpyridine (collidine) and then hydrolyzed to synthesize 2β, 23-dihydroxyurs-12-ene-28-oic acid (67). The hydroxy at 2β, 23 positions of said prepared compound (67) were acetylated to prepare 2β, 23-diacetyloxyurs-12-ene-28-oic acid (68). Said compound (68) is reacted with dihydropyran using pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate as a catalyst to prepare 2-tetrahydropyranyl 2β, 23-diacetyloxyurs-12-ene-28-oate (71). 
     Said compound (68) is reacted with chloromethylethyl ether and chloromethyloctyl ether, respectively, using diisopropylethylamine, respectively, to synthesize both ethoxymethyl 2β, 23-diacetyloxyurs-12-ene-28-oate (69) and octyloxymetyl 2β, 23-diactyloxyurs-12-ene-28-oate (70). Said prepared compounds (69), (70) were deproteced with KOH, respectively, to synthesize both ethoxymethyl 2β, 23-dihydroxyurs-12-ene-28-oate(72) and octyloxymethyl 2β, 23-dihydroxyurs-12-ene-28-oate (73). ##STR24## Process 25 
     Methyl 2β, 3β epoxy-23-hydroxyurs-12-ene-28-oate(10) synthesized from Process 4 is reacted with trimethylsilylazide or thiophenol as nuclophile using Ti(O--i--Pr)4, thus obtaining 2-azidoasiatic acid ester (74) and 2-thiopenoxyasiatic acid ester (75), respectively. ##STR25## Process 26 
     To increase their lipophilicity of each hydroxymethyl related to 2-deoxyasiatic acid ester (14) prepared from Process 7 and methyl 2β, 3β-epoxy-hydroxyurs-12-ene-28-oate (10) prepared from Process 4, undecylenic acid is reacted to synthesize the corresponding esters (76) and (77), respectively. ##STR26## Process 27 
     The hydroxymethyl of methyl 2β, 3β-epoxy-23-hydroxyurs-12-ene-28-oate(10) of Process 4 is oxidized with Jones reagent to prepare epoxy acid (78). Said methyl 2β, 3β-epoxyurs-12-ene-28-oate-23 oic acid (78) is treated with diazomethane to synthesize epoxy ester or methyl 2β, 3β-epoxyurs-12-ene-23-(N-phenyl) amido-28-oate(80) by reacting said methyl 2β, 3β-epoxyurs-12-ene-28-oate-23-oic acid (78) with aniline. ##STR27## 
     As a result of investigating the wound-healing property of asiatic acid derivatives of the present invention, when rats are given wounds, their efficacious are equivalent to 1% TECA (Titrated Extracted Centella asiatica), a control drugs or more remarkable. 
     The present invention is described in more detail by Examples and Experiments as shown below but is not confined to said scopes. 
     EXAMPLE 1 
     Separation and purification of asiaticoside and asiatic acid in mass-scale 
     An extract (5g) of Centella asiatica was directly separated on silica gel chromatography (silical gel, 230-400 mesh, dichloromethane:methanol=10:1) to give asiatic acid (1.5 g), madecassic acid (1.4 g) and a mixture (2.0 g) containing asiaticoside and madecasoside. The mixture, so obtained, was dissolved in catalytic amounts of 60% methanol on water bath at 100° C. and then cooled at room temperature to yield pure asiaticoside as needle crystal (mp.: 230°-240° C.). Aside from that, said extract (20 g) is dissolved in methanol (500 ml) and then hydrolyzed with 5N--NaOH. This is purified with column chromatography to give pure asiatic acid (7-8 g) as white solid (mp: 300°-310° C.). 
     TLC (methanol/dichloromethane=1:8) R f  0.32 
     EXAMPLE 2 
     Preparation of methyl 3,23-O-isopropylidene asiatate (3) 
     Methyl asiatate 2 (27.7 mg, 0.055 mmole) was dissolved in anhydrous acetone (3 ml), added with p-toluenesulfonic acid (27.7 mg) and then refluxed. Water was added to the reaction mixture, and the solution was neutralized with 5% potassium carbonate and then extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with water and brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and then concentrated under reduced pressure. The was chromatographed with benzene and ethyl acetate (3:2) to give pure desired compound (18 mg, 60%). 
       1  H NMR (CDCl 3 ) δ 5.25(1H,m), 3.78(1H,m), 3.60(3H,s), 3.51(1H,d,J=10.5 Hz), 3.47(1H,d,J=10.5 Hz), 3.32(1H,d, J=9.5 Hz), 1.46(3H,s),1.45(3H,s), 1.09(3H,s) 1.07(3H,s), 1.04(3H,s), 0.94(3H,d,J=6.0 Hz), 0.86(3H,d,J=7.0 Hz), 0.73(3H,s) 
     EXAMPLE 3 
     Preparation of methyl 3,23-O-isopropyliden-2-oxoasiatate (4, R=methyl) 
     Compound 3 (1.25 g, 2.31 mmole) was dissolved in dichloromethane (8 ml), added with pyridinium dichromate (0.61 g, 1.62 mmole) and acetic anhydride (0.71 g, 6.93 mmole) and then refluxed under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was added with ethyl acetate (50 ml) and then filtered. The organic layer was washed with brine solution and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. After filtration, the remaining solution was concentrated under reduced pressure. The was chromatographed with hexane and ethyl acetate (2:1) to give pure desired compound (1.107 g, 89%) as white solid. 
       1  H NMR (CDCl 3 ) δ 5.25(1H,m), 4.40(1H,s), 3.69(1H,d,J=10.5 Hz), 3.60(3H,s), 3.59(1H,d,J=10.5 Hz), 2.40(2H,d,J=12.5 Hz), 1.52(3H,s), 1.45(3H,s), 1.08(3H,s), 1.05(3H,s), 1.02(3H,s), 0.95(3H,d,J=6.0 Hz), 0.86(3H,d,J=6.5 Hz), 0.74(3H,s) 
     3,23-O-isopropyliden-2-oxoasiatic acid (4, R--H) 
       1  H NMR (CDCl 3 ) δ 5.23(1H,m), 4.39(1H,bs), 3.62(1H,bs), 3.49(1H,bs), 2.62(1H,s), 1.50(3H,s), 1.44(3H,s), 1.24(3H,s), 1.13(3H,s) 1.01(3H,s), 0.95-0.85(6H,m), 0.75(3H,s) 
     EXAMPLE 4 
     Preparation of methyl 2-oxoasiatate (5, R=methyl) 
     Compound 4 (R=methyl; 448.3 mg, 0.83 mmole) was dissolved in methanol (25 ml), added with p-toluenesulfonic acid (179.3 mg, 0.94 mmole) and then refluxed under nitrogen atmosphere. Water (500 ml) was added to the reaction mixture, and the solution was neutralized with 5% potassium carbonate and then extracted with ethyl acetate (50 ml×3). The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and then concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was chromatographed with hexane and ethyl acetate (2:1) to yield pure desired compound (340 mg, 82%) as white solid. 
       1  H NMR (CDCl 3 ) δ 5.29(1H,m), 4.37(1H,m), 3.74(1H,m), 3.60(3H,s), 3.52(1H,m), 1.14(3H,s), 1.08(3H,s), 0.91(9H,bs), 0.76(3H,s) 
     2-oxoasiatic acid (R=H) 
       1  H NMR (CDCl 3 ) 5.27(1H,m), 4.29(1H,s), 3.53-3.42(2H,m), 1.13(3H,s), 1.02(3H,s), 0.96(3H,bs), 0.88(3H,S), 0.87(3H,d,J=7.0 Hz), 0.76(3H,d,J=3.8 Hz) 
     EXAMPLE 5 
     Preparation of methyl 2β-hydroxy-3β, 23-isopropylideneoxyurs-12-ene-28-oate (6) 
     Methyl 3,23-isopropyliden-2-oxoasiatate (4, R=H; 619.2 mg, 1.15 mmole) was dissolved in methanol (40 ml), added with sodium borohydride (21.9 mg, 0.58 mmole) and then stirred overnight under nitrogen atmosphere at room temperature. After completion of the reaction, the solvent was removed and the reaction mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (50 ml×3). The organic layer was washed with water and brine solution, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and then concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified with column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=2:1) to give pure desired compound (606.6 mg, 98%) as white solid. 
       1  H NMR (CDCl 3 )δ 
     5.29(1H,m), 4.01(1H,bs), 3.59(3H,s), 3.49(3H,m), 1.44(6H,bs), 1.31(6H,bs), 1.08(3H,s), 0.91(3H,d,J=4.0 Hz), 0.85(3H,d,J=6.0 Hz), 0.75(3H,s) 
     EXAMPLE 6 
     Preparation of methyl 2β, 3β,23-trihydroxyurs-12-ene-28-oate (7, R=methyl) 
     Compound 6 (557.2 mg, 1.02 mmole), so obtained from said Example 5, was dissolved in methanol (15 ml), added with p-toluenesulfonic acid (223 mg, 1.17 mmole) and then refluxed under nitrogen atmosphere for 10 mins. Water (50 ml) was added to the reaction mixture, and the solution was neutralized with a solution of 5% potassium carbonate and then extracted with ethyl acetate (50 ml×3). The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and then concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified with column chromatography(hexane:ethyl acetate=1:1) to give pure desired compound (407.3 mg, 79%) as white solid. 
       1  H NMR (CDCl 3 ) δ 5.26(1H,m), 4.11(1H,m), 3.75(1H,m), 3.72(1H,d,J=10.0 Hz), 3.60(3H,s), 3.42(1H,d,J=10.0 Hz), 1.30(3H,s), 1.11(3H,s), 1.06(3H,s), 0.94(3H,d,J=6.0 Hz), 0.85 (3H, d, J-6.0 Hz), 0.76 (3H, s) 
     2β, 3β, 23-trihydroxyurs-12-ene-28-oic acid (7, R=H) 
       1  H NMR (CDCl 3 ) δ 5.25(1H,m), 4.13(1H,m), 3.63(1H,d, J=4.1 Hz), 3.52(1H,d,J=10.9 Hz), 3.29(1H,d,J=10.9 Hz),1.28(3H,s), 1.11(3H,s), 0.97(6H,s), 0.88(3H,d,J=6.5 Hz), 0.86(3H,d,J=4.1 Hz) 
     EXAMPLE 7 
     Preparation of methyl 2-methanesulfonyl-3,23-O-isopropylidene asiatate (8) 
     Methyl 3,23-O-isopropylidene asiatate 3 (354.7 mg, 0.65 mmole) was dissolved in dichloromethane (15 ml), added with triethyl amine (82.4 mg, 0.72 mmole) and methanesulfonyl chloride (99.2 mg, 0.98 mmole) and then stirred under nitrogen atmosphere at 0° C. for 3 hrs. After completion of the reaction, the solvent was removed and the reaction mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (50 ml×3). The organic layer was washed with water and brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and then concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified with column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=2:1) to give pure desired compound (380 mg, 93%) as white solid. 
       1  H NMR (CDCl 3 ) δ 5.24(1H,m), 4.69-4.62(1H,m), 3.60(3H,s), 3.57(1H,d,J=10.5 Hz), 3.53(1H,d,J=10.5 HZ), 3.49(1H,d,J=10.5 Hz) 3.01(3H,s), 2.26-2.20(1H,m),2.23(1H,bs), 1.44(3H,s), 1.40(3H,s), 1.11(3H,s), 1.09(3H,s), 1.07(3H,s), 0.94(3H, d,J=6.0 Hz), 0.85(3H,d,J=7.0 Hz), 0.72(3H,s) 
     EXAMPLE 8 
     Preparation of methyl 2-methanesulfonyl asiatate (9) 
     Compound 8 (1.2 g, 1.92 mmole) was dissolved in methanol (30 ml), added with p-toluenesulfonic acid (480 mg, 2.52 mmole) and then refluxed under nitrogen atmosphere for 10 mins. Water (100 ml) was added to the reaction mixture, and the solution was neutralized with a solution of 5% potassium carbonate and then extracted with ethyl acetate (100 ml×3). The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and then concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified with column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=1:1) to give pure desired compound (1.06 g, 94%) as a colorless oil. 
       1  H NMR (CDCl 3 ) δ 5.24(1H,m), 4.77-4.74(1H,m), 3.69(1H,d,J=10.5 Hz), 3.61(3H,s), 3.44(1H,d,J=10.5 Hz), 3.20(1H,bs), 3.10(3H,s), 1.08(3H,s), 1.07(3H,s), 0.95(3H,s), 0.94(3H,d,J=5.1 Hz), 0.85(3H,d,J=6.5 Hz), 0.74(3H,s) 
     EXAMPLE 9 
     Preparation of methyl 2α, 3β-epoxy-23-hydroxyurs-12-ene-28-oate(10) 
     Compound 9 (2.78 g, 4.77 mmole) was dissolved in methanol (60 ml), added with potassium carbonate (1.32 g, 9.53 mmole) and then stirred under nitrogen atmosphere at room temperature for 3 days. After completion of the reaction, the solvent was removed and the reaction mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (100 ml×3). The organic layer was washed with 5% dilute hydrochloric acid, water and brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and then concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified with column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=2:1) to give pure desired compound (2.05 g, 89%) as white solid. 
       1  H NMR (CDCl 3 ) δ 5.27(1H,m), 3.60(3H,s), 3.56(1H,m), 3.31(3H,m), 3.27(1H,m), 3.11(1H,d,J=4.0 Hz), 1.12(3H,s), 1.06(3H,s), 0.96 (3H,s), 0.94(3H,d,J=5.1 Hz), 0.86(3H,d,J=6.4 Hz), 0.74(3H,s) 
     EXAMPLE 10 
     Preparation of 2α, 3β-epoxyurs-12-ene-23,28-diol (11) and 3-deoxyasiatic alcohol (12) 
     Compound 10 (140.9 mg, 0.29 mmole) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (5 ml) and added with lithium aluminum hydride (11.0 mg, 0.29 mmole). While agitating it under nitrogen atmosphere at room temperature, the reaction mixture was added with catalytic amounts of LAH until a starting material was entirely annihilated (about 2 days). The reaction was stopped by adding a mixture containing water and tetrahydrofuran (1:1) to the reaction mixture at 0° C. The reaction mixture was added with 5% dilute hydrochloric acid (10 ml) and extracted with ethyl acetate (50 ml×3). The organic layer was washed with a solution of saturated sodium carbonate, water and brine and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and then concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified with column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=2:1) to give both pure compound 11 (44.1 mg, 33%) and 12 (63.3 mg, 47%) as white solid, respectively. 
     2α, 3β-epoxyurs-12-ene-23,28-diol (11) 
       1  H NMR (CDCl 3 ) δ 5.16(1H,m), 3.56-3.48(3H,m), 3.27(1H,bs), 3.19(1H,d,J=10.3 Hz), 3.11(1H,d,J=4.0 Hz), 1.15(3H,s), 1.09(3H,s), 0.99(3H,s), 0.98(3H,d,J=6.4 Hz), 0.93(3H,s), 0.81(3H,d,J=5.6 Hz) 
     3-deoxyasiatic alcohol (12) 
       1  H NMR (CDCl 3 ) δ 5.08(1H,m), 4.04-3.97(1H,m), 3.47(1H,d,J=11.0 Hz), 3.25(1H,d,J=11.0 Hz), 3.00(1H,d,10.9 Hz), 2.94(1H,d,J=11.0 Hz), 1.17(3H,s), 1.05(3H,s), 0.95(3H,s), 0.84(6H,bs), 0.74(3H,d,J=5.9 Hz) 
     EXAMPLE 11 
     Preparation of 3-deoxyasiatic alcohol (12) 
     Compound 10 (87.4 mg, 0.18 mmole), so obtained from Example 9, was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (5 ml), added with lithium aluminum hydride (13.6 mg,0.36 mmole) and then refluxed under nitrogen atmosphere for 1 hr. The reaction was stopped by adding a mixture containing water and tetrahydrofuran (1:1) in small portions to the reaction mixture at 0° C. The reaction mixture was added with 5% dilute hydrochloric acid (10 ml) and extracted with ethyl acetate (50 ml×3). The organic layer was washed with a solution of saturated sodium carbonate, water and brine and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and then concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified with column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=2:1) to give pure desired compound (80.0 mg, 97%) as white solid. 
     EXAMPLE 12 
     Preparation of methyl 2-deoxy-23-tert-butyldimethylsilyl asiatate (13) 
     Compound 10 (200 mg, 0.41 mmole), so obtained from Example 9, was dissolved in dimethylform amid (5 ml), added with tert-butyldimethylsilyl chloride (68.5 mg, 0.45 nmole) and imidazole (61.9 mg, 0.91 mmole) and then stirred under nitrogen atmosphere at room temperature for 1 day. The reaction was stopped by adding a solution of saturated ammonium chloride to the reaction mixture at 0° C. and the reaction mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (50 ml×3). The organic layer was washed with 5% dilute hydrochloric acid, a solution of saturated sodium carbonate, water and brine and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and then concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified with column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=4:1) to yield pure desired compound (273.5 mg, &gt;100%) as colorless oil. 
       1  H NMR (CDCl 3 ) δ 5.28-5.26(1H,m), 3.60(3H,s), 3.49(1H,d,J=9.7 Hz), 3.32(1H,d,J=9.6 Hz), 3.21(1H,m), 3.04(1H,d,J=4.1 Hz), 1.10(3H,s), 1.05(3H,s), 0.95(3H,s),0.92-0.85(15H,m), 0.74(3H,s),0.05(3H,s), 0.04(3H,s). 
     EXAMPLE 13 
     Preparation of methyl 2-deoxyasiatate (14) and methyl 3-deoxyasiatate (15) 
     Compound 10 (77.5 mg, 0.16 mmolee), so obtained from Example 9, was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (2 ml), added with dimethylsulfide (0.11 ml, 2M solution) and sodium borohydride (1.6 mg, 0.04 mmole) and then refluxed under nitrogen atmosphere for 1 day. The reaction was stopped by adding a mixture (1 ml) containing 1.0M sulfuric acid and tetrahydrofuran (1:1) at 0° C. to the reaction mixture, and the reaction mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (50 ml×3). The organic layer was washed with a solution of saturated sodium carbonate, water and brine and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and then concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified with column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=2:1) to give both pure compound 14 (48.4 mg, 62%) and pure compound 15 (16.3 mg, 21%) as white solid, respectively. 
     Methyl 2-deoxyasiatate (14) 
     mp.: 250°-254° C.  1  H NMR (CDCl 3 ) δ 5.22(1H,m), 3.69(1H,d,J=10.3 Hz), 3.61-3.59(1H,m), 3.58(3H,s), 3.39(1H,d,J=10.3 Hz), 2.18(1H,d,J=11.5 Hz), 1.05(3H,s), 0.94(3H,s), 0.91(3H,d,J=5.0 Hz), 0.86(3H,s), 0.83(3H,d,J=6.5 Hz), 0.72(3H,s). 
     Methyl 2β, 23-dihydroxyurs-12-ene-28-oate (15) 
       1  H NMR (CDCl 3 ) δ 5.28(1H,m), 4.22-4.16(1H,m), 3.61(3H,s), 3.42(1H,d,J=10.8 Hz), 3.18(1H,d,J=10.8 Hz), 1.24(3H,s), 1.08(3H,s), 0.98(3H,s), 0.94(3H,d,J=5.5 Hz), 0.86(3H,d,J=6.5 Hz), 0.77(3H,s). 
     EXAMPLE 14 
     Preparation of 2-deoxyasiatic alcohol (16) 
     Compound 14 (463 mg, 0.94 mmole) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (15 ml), added with lithium aluminum hydride (71.7 mg, 1.89 mmole) and then refluxed under nitrogen atmosphere for 3 hrs. The reaction was stopped by adding a mixture containing water and tetrahydrofuran (1:1) in small portions at 0° C. to the reaction mixture, followed by addition with 5% dilute hydrochloric acid (20 ml) and extraction with ethyl acetate (50 ml×3). The organic layer was washed with a solution of saturated sodium carbonate, water and brine and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and then concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified with column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=1:1) to give pure desired compound (415.7 mg, 95%) as white solid. 
       1  H NMR (CDCl 3 ) δ 5.13(1H,m), 3.69(1H,d,J=10.3 Hz), 3.63(1H,m), 3.53(1H, d,J=10.9 Hz), 3.40(1H,d,J=10.3 Hz), 3.16(1H,d,J=10.8 Hz), 1.10(3H,s), 0.99(6H,s), 0.93(3H,s), 0.88(3H,s), 0.81(3H,bs). 
     EXAMPLE 15 
     Preparation of 3, 23-O-isopropyliden-2α-methylasiatic acid (17, R&#39;=methyl) 
     3,23-O-isopropyliden-2-oxoasiatic acid (4, R=H; 1000 mg, 1.90 mmole) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (40 ml), and cooled to -78° C. Methylmagnesium chloride (3.0M THF Solution 1.9 ml, 5.60 mmole) was added to the mixture and stirred for 10 mins. The reaction mixture was treated with water (1 ml) and concentrated under reduced pressure to remove the solvent. The residue was added with ethyl acetate (50 ml) and a solution of saturated ammonium chloride (5 ml) and extracted. The organic layer was washed with brine solution (5 ml), dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and then concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified with column chromatography (dichloromethane:methanol=50:1) to give pure desired compound (980 mg, 95%) as white solid. 
      α! 22   D  ;+53.4(CHCI 3 ,C=1.19) IR(neat):3400,1696 cm -1   1  H NMR (CDCl 3 ) δ 5.19(1H,bt), 3.37, 3.43(2H,d), 3.20(1H,s), 2.13(1H,d,J=9.2 Hz), 0.89(3H,d,J=6.0 Hz), 0.80(3H,d,J=6.4 Hz), 0.72, 1.03, 1.08, 1.21, 1.23, 1.36, 1.40, (each 3H,s). 
     EXAMPLE 16 
     Preparation of 3,23-O-isopropyliden-2α-ethylasiatic acid (17, R&#39;=ethyl) 
     By the same procedure as described above for the preparation of Example 15, using ethylmagnesium bromide (1.0M THF Solution, 373 mg, 2.80 mmole) instead of methylmagnesium chloride, pure desired compound (490 mg, 92%) was obtained as white solid. 
       1  H NMR (CDCl 3 ) δ 5.26(1H,bt), 3.42, 3.51(2H,d,J=10.8 Hz), 3.28(1H,s), 2.18(1H,d), 1.41, 1.44(each 3H,s) 
     EXAMPLE 17 
     Preparation of 2α-methylasiatic acid (18, R&#39;=methyl) 
     3,23-O-isopropyliden-2α-methylasiatic acid (17, R&#39;=methyl; 370 mg, 0.68 mmole) was added with methanol (10 ml) and 1N hydrochloric acid (0.5 ml) and stirred at room temperature for 10 hrs. The reaction mixture was distilled under reduced pressure to remove the solvent. The residue was purified with column chromatography (dichloromethane:methanol=30:1) to give pure desired compound (325 mg, 95%) as white solid. The crude product was recrystallized from methanol to give needle crystal. 
       1  H NMR (CDCl 3 ) δ 5.15(1H,brt), 3.35(1H,s), 3.58(2H,AB q,J=10.4 Hz), 3.25, 2.15(1H,d,J=11.2 Hz), 0.79(3H,d,J=6.4 Hz), 0.73(3H,d, J=6.0 Hz), 1.18, 1.13, 0.93, 0.92, 0.66(3H, each s) 
     EXAMPLE 18 
     Preparation of 2α-ethylasiatic acid (18, R&#39;=ethyl) 
     By the same procedure as described above for the preparation of Example 17, compound (17, R&#39;=ethyl; 260 mg, 0.47 mmole) was deprotected to give white solid (227 mg, 94%). The residue was recrystallized from methanol to give needle crystal. 
       1  H NMR (CDCl 3 ) δ 5.32(1H,brt,J=3.4, 7.7 Hz), 3.53(1H,s), 3.75, 3.42(2H,AB q, J=10.3 Hz), 2.32(1H,d,J=11.7 Hz), 1.29, 1.12, 1.10, 0.86(each 3H,s) 
     EXAMPLE 19 
     Preparation of methyl 3,23-O-isopropyliden-2-O- (methylthio) thiocarbonyl! asiatate 
     Methyl 3,23-O-isopropylidene asiatate 3 (50 mg, 0.092 mmole) was added with sodium hydride (60% dispersion in mineral oil; 18.3 mg, 0.46 mmole), imidazole (2 mg) and tetrahydrofuran (2 ml), and the mixture was stirred for 30 mins. Then, carbon disulfide (0.2 ml, excess) was added to the mixture and refluxed for 2 hrs. Methyl iodide (0.1 ml, excess) and the mixture was heated for reflux for further 1 hr. The reaction mixture was treated with water (1 ml) and the solvent was distilled and removed under reduced pressure. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (10 ml), washed with water (2 ml×3) and brine (2 ml×3) and then dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The organic layer was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified with column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=10:1) to give white solid (56 mg, 96%). 
      α! 25   D  ;-32.3(c=1.33,CHCl 3 ) IR(neat):1723, 1233, 1057 cm -1   1  H NMR (CDCl 3 ) δ 5.78(1H,m), 5.24(1H,bt), 3.80(1H,d,J=10 Hz), 3.60(3H,s)r 3.54, 3.58(2H,dd,J=7.2 Hz), 2.51(3H,s) 2.23(1H,d,J=11.2 Hz), 0.94(3H,d,J=5.2 Hz), 0.84(3H,d,J=6 Hz), 0.73, 1.09, 1.11, 1.14, 1.41, 1.45 (each 3H,s). 
     EXAMPLE 20 
     Preparation of methyl 2-deoxy-3,23-O-isopropylidene asiatate(20) 
     Xantate compound 19 (202 mg, 0.32 mmole) was added with catalytic amounts of AIBN and benzene (10 ml) and heated for reflux. The mixture was then added with tributyltin hydride (0.26 ml, 0.96 mmole) and stirred for 1.5 hrs. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to remove the solvent. The residue was purified with column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=10:1) to give white solid (168 mg, 100%). The crude product was recrystallized from hexane to give needle crystal. 
      α! 25   D  ;+56.2 (c=1.07, CHCl 3 ) IR(neat):1724cm -1  MS (EI):527(M +  +1), 512, 407, 262, 203, 133.  1  H NMR (CDCl 3 ) δ 5.25(1H,bt), 3.60(3H,s), 3.52(1H,t), 3.44, 3.54(2H,dd,J=10 Hz), 2.23(1H,d,J=11.2 Hz), 0.94(3H,d,J=5.6 Hz), 0.86(3H,d,J=6.4 Hz), 0.73, 0.97, 1.07, 1.09, 1.42, 1.45(each 3H,s) 
     EXAMPLE 21 
     Preparation of methyl 2-deoxyasiatate(21) 
     Compound 20 (460 mg, 0.87 mmole) was added with tetrahydrofuran (10 ml) and 1N hydrochloric acid (1 ml) and stirred at room temperature for 5 hrs. The mixture was distilled under reduced pressure to completely remove the solvent. The residue was purified with column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=3:2) to give white solid (402 mg, 95%). The crude product was recrystallized from ethyl acetate to give needle crystal. 
      α! 25   D  ;+69.6 (c=1.22, CHCl 3 ) IR(neat):3400, 1724 cm -1  MS (EI):486(M + ), 426, 262, 203, 133 
     EXAMPLE 22 
     Preparation of 2-deoxyasiatic acid (22) 
     Methyl 2-deoxyasiatate 21 (38 mg, 0.78 mmole) was added with Lil·3H 2  O (450 mg, 2.39 mmole) and 2,4,6-collidine (5 mg) and heated for reflux for 10 hrs. During the reflux, a flask was wrapped with aluminum foil to prevent the light. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to remove collidine. The residue was purified with column chromatography (dichloromethane:methanol=20:1) to give pale yellow solid. The crude product was recrystallized from methanol to give needle crystal (280 mg, 76%). 
     IR (KBr): 3436,1693 cm -1  MS (EI): 472(M+), 426, 248, 203, 133  1  H NMR (CDCl 3  +pyridine-d 5 ) δ 5.21(1H,bt,J=2.8 Hz,3.6 Hz), 3.60(1H,t,J=7.2 Hz,8.2 Hz), 3.36, 3.70(2H,dd,J=10.0 Hz), 2.21(1H,d,J=11.2 Hz). 
     EXAMPLE 23 
     Preparation of methyl 2-O-benzyl-3,23-isopropylidene asiatate (23) 
     Sodium hydride (60% in mineral oil; 35 mg, 0.88 mmole) was washed with anhydrous hexane and added with a solution of methyl 3,23-O-isopropylidene asiatate 3 (240 mg, 0.44 mmole) and TBAI (20 mg) dissolved in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 20 mins, added with benzyl bromide (114 mg, 0.67 mmole) and heated for reflux for 2 hrs. After removing the solvent by distillation under reduced pressure, the mixture was treated with water (3 ml) and extracted with ethyl acetate (20 ml). The organic layer was washed with water (2ml×3), and a solution of saturated sodium chloride (3ml×3), and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The organic layer was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified with column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=10:1) to give white solid (258 mg, 92%). The crude product was recrystallized from ethyl acetate to give needle crystal. 
      α! 23   D  ;+27.3(c=1.31, CHCl 3 ) IR(neat): 1724cm -1   1  H NMR (CDCl 3 ) δ 7.24-7.33(5H,m), 5.25(1H,bt), 4.58, 4.80(2H,dd,J=11.6 Hz), 3.62(3H,s), 3.60-3.50(4H,m), 2.23(1H,d,J=11.2 Hz), 1.46, 1.47(each 3H,s). 
     EXAMPLE 24 
     Preparation of 2-O-benzyl-3,23-O-isopropylidene asaticol (24) 
     Compound 23 (940 mg, 1.49 mmole) was dissolved in anhydrous ether (5 ml), added with lithium aluminum hydride (1.0M ether solution; 1.5 ml, 1.49 mmole) and heated for stirring for 1 hr. Water in small portions was added to the reaction mixture and then, produced aluminum hydride was filtered off. The organic layer was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified with column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=1:3) to give white solid (890 mg, 99%). 
      α! 25   D  ;+32.6(c=1.17, CHCl 3 ) IR(neat): 3467 cm -1  7.25-7.35(5H, m), 5.14(1H, bt), 4.82(2H, ABq, J=12.0 Hz), 3.46-3.64(5H, m), 3.19(1H, d, J=11.2 Hz), 2.09 (1H, d), 1.47, 1.48(each 3H,s) 
     EXAMPLE 25 
     Preparation of 2α-benzyloxy-3β, 23-isopropylidenedioxyurs-12-ene-28-methanesulfonate (25) 
     Compound 24 (400 mg, 0.66 mmole) and triethyl amine (0.28 ml, 1.98 mmole) were dissolved in anhydrous dichloromethane (5 ml), added with methanesulfonyl chloride (76 ul, 0.99 mmole) at 0° C. and stirred for 30 mins. The mixture was distilled under reduced pressure to remove the solvent and extracted with ethyl acetate (20 ml). The organic layer was washed with water (30 ml×3) and a solution of saturated sodium chloride (3 ml×3), and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The organic layer was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified with column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=2:1) to give white solid (430 mg, 95%). 
      α! 23   D  ;+23.4(c=1.28, CHCl 3 ) IR(neat): 1361, 1176 cm -1   1  H NMR (CDCl 3 ) δ 7.25-7.35(5H,m), 5.17(1H,bt,J=2.8 Hz,3.6 Hz), 4.58, 4.81(2H,dd,J=11.6 Hz),3.74, 4.19(2H,dd,J=9.2 Hz), 3.48-3.71(4H,m), 2.96(3H,s), 1.46, 1.47(each 3H,s). 
     EXAMPLE 26 
     Preparation of 2α-benzyloxy-28-cyano-3β,23-isopropylidenedioxyurs-12-ene(26) 
     Compound 25 (500 mg, 0.73 mmole) and sodium cyanide (90%, 121 mg, 2.22 mmole) were dissolved in anhydrous dimethylform amide and heated for reflux for 12 hrs. The mixture was distilled under reduced pressure to completely remove the solvent and followed by the addition of ethyl acetate (10 ml) to dissolve produced nitrile and remove the salts by filtration. The organic layer was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified with column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=5:1) to give white solid (383 mg, 85%). 
      α! 23   D  ;+27.7(c=1.13, CHCl 3 ) IR(neat): 2241 cm -1   1  H NMR (CDCl 3 ) δ 7.22-7.27(5H,m), 5.20(1H,t), 4.54, 4.78(2H,dd,J=11.6 Hz), 3.47-3.60(4H,m), 2.38(1H,d). 
     EXAMPLE 27 
     Preparation of 2α-benzyloxy-28-cyano-3β,23-dihydroxyurs-12-ene(27) 
     By the same procedure as described above for the preparation of Example 17 acetonid of compound 26 (95 mg, 0155 mmole) was deprotected to give white solid (85 mg, 96%). 
     IR(neat):3436, 2240 cm -1  MS (EI):573(M + ), 482, 434, 331, 243, 203, 133, 91  1  H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 5.26(1H,bt), 4.46, 4.68(2H,AB quartet,J=11.2 Hz), 3.57(1H,m), 3.53(1H,d,J=9.2 Hz), 3.41, 3.67(2H,AB quartet,J=10.4 Hz), 2.09, 2.42(2H,AB quartet,J=16.4 Hz). 
     EXAMPLE 28 
     Preparation of 28-cyano-2α, 3β, 23-trihydroxyurs-12-ene (28) 
     Compound 27 (500 mg, 0.873 mmole) and 10% Pd/C (90 mg, about 3 mole %) were dissolved in methanol (10 ml) and the inside of flask was filled with hydrogen. The mixture was then stirred at ambient pressure for 8 hrs and Pd/C was filtered off. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give white solid (420 mg, 99.6%). 
     IR(neat):3401, 2240 cm -1  MS (EI):483(M + ), 465,447,435,243,203,199,133  1  H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 5.25(1H,bt), 3.77(1H,m) 3.69(1H,d,J=10.4 Hz), 3.43, 3.45(2H,AB quartet), 2.03, 2.45(2H,AB quartet,J=10.8 Hz). 
     EXAMPLE 29 
     Preparation of methyl 24-norurs-12-ene-3-one-28-oate(29) 
     Methyl 2-deoxyasiatate 14 (24 mg, 0.05 mmole) and pyridinium dichromate (56 mg, 0.15 mmole) were placed in a flask and the air was substituted with nitrogen. Then, by the addition of dichloromethane (4 ml), the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 5 hrs, filtered off by silica gel pad and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified with column chromatography to give white foaming solid (16 mg, 71%). 
       1  H NMR (CDCl 3 ) δ 5.27(1H,t), 3.62(3H,s), 2.46(1H,dt,J=12 Hz,J=6.8 Hz), 2.33-2.27(2H,m), 2.25(1H,d,J=12 Hz), 1.13, 1.07, 0.827(each 3H,s), 1.00(3H,d,J=6.4 Hz), 0.96(3H,d,J=10 Hz), 0.86(3H,d,J=6.8 Hz) 
     EXAMPLE 30 
     Preparation of methyl 3β-hydroxy-24-norurs-12-ene-28-oate 
       1  H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 5.24(1H,t), 3.58(3H,s), 3.06(1H,dt), 2.21(1H,d,J=11.2 Hz), 1.24(3H,s), 1.05(3H,s), 0.95(3H,d,J=6.4 Hz), 0.84(3H,d,J=7 Hz), 0.84(3H,d,J=6.6 Hz), 0.75(3H,s) 
     EXAMPLE 31 
     Preparation of methyl 3β-hydroxy-3α-vinyl-24-norurs-12-ene-28-oate 
       1  H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) 5.79(1H,dd,J=12.2 Hz,J=21.4 Hz), 5.24(1H,dd,J=1.4 Hz,J=21.4 Hz), 5.03(1H,dd,J=1.4 Hz, J=12.2 Hz), 3.57(3H,s), 2.22(1H,d), 1.08(3H,s), 0.93(3H,s), 0.76(3H,s) 
     EXAMPLE 32 
     Preparation of methyl 3β-hydroxy-3α-methyl-24-norurs-12-ene-28-oate 
     Compound 29 (15 mg, 0.034 mmole) was dissolved in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (4 ml) and added with methylmagnesium chloride (34 μl, 0.1 mmole) at room temperature. The mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 5 hrs and the reaction was stopped by the addition of water in small portions. The reaction mixture was filtered off and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified with column chromatography to give desired compound in 98% yield. 
       1  H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 6  5.26(1H,t), 3.60(3H,s), 2.23(1H,d,J=11.2 Hz), 1.18(3H,s), 1.09(3H,s), 0.94(3H,d,J=6 Hz), 0.89(3H,d,J=6.8 Hz), 0.85(3H,s), 0.77(3H,s) 
     EXAMPLE 33 
     Preparation of methyl 3,23-isopropylidenedioxy-2-methoxyurs-2,12-diene-28-oate(33) 
       1  H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 5.30(1H,t), 3.62(3H,s), 3.56(1H,d,J=6 Hz), 3.54(3H,s), 2.27(1H,d), 1.53, 1.42, 1.26, 1.10, 1.04, 0.78(each 3H,s), 0.95(3H,d,J=6.4 Hz), 0.88(3H,d,J=4.4 Hz) 
     EXAMPLE 34 
     Preparation of methyl 23-hydroxy-2-methoxyurs-12-ene-3-one-28-oate(34) 
       1  H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 5.28(1H,t), 4.25(1H,dd,J=7.2 Hz, J=11.2 Hz), 3.60(3H,s), 3.40(3H,s), 2.26(1H,d,J=12 Hz), 1.13(3H, s), 1.07(3H, s), 0.94(3H,d,J=6 Hz), 0.90(3H,s), 0.87(3H,d,J=6.4 Hz) 
     EXAMPLE 35 
     Preparation of methoxymethyl 2,3,23-triacetylasiatate(35, R 8  =H, R 9  =methyl) 
     2,3,23-triacetylasiatic acid (300 mg, 0.49 mmole) was dissolved in dichloromethane (20 ml), added with diisopropylethyl amine (0.3 ml, 1.7 mmole) and then cooled. The mixture was stirred by the addition of chloromethyl ether (0.07 ml, 0.6 mmole) in small portions. After confirming the annihilation of a starting material, the reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with 5% hydrochloric acid, water, a solution of saturated sodium bicarbonate and saturated brine in sequence. The solution was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered off. The remaining solution was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified with column chromatography with hexane and ethyl acetate (5:1) to give desired compound as a solid (250 mg, 78%). 
       1  H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 5.28(1H,t,J=3.6 Hz), 5.21(1H,d,J=6 Hz), 5.17(1H,d,J=6 Hz), 5.18(1H,td,J=10.2 Hz,J=3.9 Hz), 5.08(1H,d,J=10.2 Hz), 3.86(1H,d,J=11.7 Hz), 3.58(1H,d,J=11.7 Hz), 3.45(3H,s), 2.28(1H,d,J=11.4 Hz), 2.09, 2.03, 1.98, 1.11, 1.09, 0.89, 0.79(each 3H,s), 0.96(3H,d,J=6.0 Hz), 0.86(3H,d,J=6.6 Hz), 2.0-1.0(20H,m) 
     EXAMPLE 36-46 
     By the similar procedure as described in Example 5, compounds were synthesized or by deprotecting compounds, so obtained, some compounds as shown in the following table 1 were prepared. 
     
                                           TABLE 1__________________________________________________________________________No  R.sub.1 R.sub.2    R.sub.3        R.sub.4            R.sub.5    NMR (400 MHz, CDCl.sub.3, δ ppm)__________________________________________________________________________36  --OH --H    --OH        --OH            --CH.sub.2 OCH.sub.3                       5.28(1H, t, J=3.6Hz), 5.20(1H, d, J=6.0Hz),                       5.16(1H, d, J=6.0Hz),                       3.75(2H, m), 3.69(1H, d, J=10.5Hz), 3.45(3H,                       s),                       3.42(1H, d, J=10.5Hz), 2.27(1H, d, J=11.4Hz),                       1.10, 1.04, 0.96,                       0.91, 0.79(each 3H, s), 0.95(3H, d, J=6.0Hz),                       0.87(1H, d, J=6.3Hz),                       2.2-0.8(23H, m)37  AcO-- --H    AcO--        AcO--            BnOCH.sub.2 --                       7.34(5H, m), 5.32(2H, s), 5.28(1H, t,                       J=3.6Hz),                       5.16(1H, dt, J=10.5Hz, 3.9Hz), 5.08(1H, d,                       J=10.5Hz), 4.68(2H, s),                       3.86(1H, d, J=12Hz), 3.58(1H, d, J=12Hz),                       2.27(1H, d, J=11.4Hz),                       2.09, 2.03, 1.98, 1.09, 1.07, 0.89, 0.75(each                       3H, s),                       0.98(3H, d, J=6.0Hz), 0.86(3H, d, J=8.3Hz),                       2.1-0.8(20H, m)38  --OH --H    --OH        --OH            BnOCH.sub.2 --                       7.33(5H, s), 5.31(3H, bs), 4.88(2H, s),                       3.30-3.80(4H, m),                       0.70-2.20(39H, m)39  AcO-- --H    AcO--        AcO--            --CH.sub.2 O(CH.sub.2).sub.7 CH.sub.3                       5.27(1H, t, J=3.9Hz), 5.22(1H, s), 5.23(1H,                       s),                       5.17(1H, td, J=10.2Hz, 3.9Hz), 5.08(1H, d,                       J=10.2Hz),                       3.86(1H, d, J=11.7Hz), 3.58(1H, d, J=11.7Hz),                       3.6(2H, m),                       2.26(1H, d, J=11.1Hz), 2.08, 2.02, 1.98,                       1.10, 1.08, 0.89,                       0.78(each 3H, s), 0.95(3H, d, J=6.0Hz),                       0.85(3H, d, J=3.6Hz),                       2.0-0.8(35H, m)40  --OH --H    --OH        --OH            --CH.sub.2 O(CH.sub.2).sub.7 CH.sub.3                       5.27(1H, t, J=3.6Hz), 5.24(1H, s), 5.23(1H,                       s), 3.77(1H, m),                       3.69(1H, d, J=10.5Hz), 3.60(1H, t, J=6.6Hz),                       3.59(1H, t, J=6.6Hz),                       3.45(1H, d, J=10.5Hz), 3.42(1H, d, J=9.3Hz),                       2.26(1H, d, J=11.1Hz),                       1.10, 1.04, 0.91, 0.78(each 3H, s), 0.95(3H,                       d, J=5.7Hz),                       0.88(3H, d, J=4.2Hz), 2.1-0.8(38H, m)41  AcO-- --H    AcO--        AcO--            --CH.sub.2 OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.3                       5.28(1H, t, J=3.6Hz), 5.23(2H, s), 5.18(1H,                       dt, J=10.5Hz, 3.9Hz),                       5.08(1H, d, J=10.5Hz), 3.85(1H, d, J=12Hz),                       3.66(2H, q, J=7.2Hz),                       3.57(1H, d, J=12Hz), 2.26(1H, d, J=11.1Hz),                       2.08, 2.02, 1.97, 1.10,                       1.08, 0.88, 0.78(each 3H, s), 1.21(3H, t,                       J=7.2Hz),                       0.94(3H, d, J=6.0Hz), 0.85(3H, d, J=8.3Hz),                       2.1-0.8(20H, m)42  --OH --H    --OH        --OH            --CH.sub.2 OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.3                       5.28(1H, t, J=3.3Hz), 5.24(2H, s),                       3.8-3.6(2H, m), 3.67(q, J=7.2Hz),                       3.45(1H, d, J=9.0Hz), 3.42(1H, d, J=9.0Hz),                       1.23(3H, t, J=7.2Hz),                       1.09, 0.91, 0.79(each 3H, s), 0.95(3H, d,                       J=5.7Hz),                       0.86(3H, d, J=6.6Hz), 2.0-1.0(23H, m)43  AcO-- --H    AcO--        AcO--            --CH.sub.2 OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 OCH.sub.3                       5.28(2H, s), 5.1-5.3(3H, m), 3.4-3.8(6H, m),                       3.39(2H, s),                       2.2(1H, d, J=11Hz), 2.09, 2.02, 1.98, 1.10,                       0.78(each 3H, s),                       1.16(6H, s). 0.89(6H, s), 2.0-1.0(20H, m)44  --OH --H    --OH        --OH            --CH.sub.2 OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 OCH.sub.3                       5.27(2H, s), 5.2(1H, m), 3.7-3.3(8H, m),                       3.39(3H, s),                       2.2(1H, d, J=11Hz), 1.09, 1.04, 0.95,                       0.77(each 3H, s), 0.90(6H, s),                       2.0-1.0(23H, m)45  AcO-- --H    AcO--        AcO--            --CH(OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.3)CH.sub.3                       5.84(1H, q, J=5.0Hz), 5.10-5.27(3H, m),                       3.40-3.90(4H, m), 2.08,                       2.02, 1.97(each 3H, s), 0.73-2.10(46H, m)46  --OH --H    --OH        --OH            --CH(OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.3)CH.sub.3                       5.86(1/2H, q, J=5.1Hz), 5.84(1/2H, q,                       J=5.1Hz), 5.28(1H, t, J=2.7Hz),                       5.17(1H, dt, J=10.2Hz, 4.5Hz), 5.09(1H, d,                       J=10.2Hz),                       3.86(1H, d, J=11.7Hz), 3.70(1H, m), 3.58(1H,                       d, J=11.7Hz),                       3.50(1H, m), 2.27(1H, d, J=11.1Hz), 2.09,                       2.03, 1.98, 1.11, 1.09,                       0.89, 0.80(each 3H, s), 1.37(3/2H, d,                       J=5.1Hz),                       1.33(3/2H, d, J=5.1Hz), 1.20(3H, m), 0.95(3H,                       d, J=5.7Hz),                       0.85(3H, dd, J=6.5Hz, 1.5Hz), 2.1-0.8(23H,__________________________________________________________________________                       m) 
    
     EXAMPLE 47 
     Preparation of 2&#39;-tetrahydropyranyl-2,3,23-triacetylasiatate (37, R 10  -R 11  =--CH 2  CH 2  CH 2  --) 
     2,3,23-triacetylasiatic acid (1150 mg, 1.88 mmole) was dissolved in dichloromethane (15 ml), added with 3,4-dihyro-2H-pyran (0.68 ml, 7.52 nmole), and then cooled. The mixture was stirred by the addition of p-toluenesulfonic acid (10 mg) for 12 hrs. The reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered off. The remaining solution was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified with column chromatography with hexane and methanol (20:1) to give desired compound as white powder (1185 mg, 90%). 
       1  H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 5.88(1/2H,m), 5.84(1/2H,m), 5.20(1H,m), 5.09(td,J=4 Hz,J=10 Hz,), 5.01(1H,d,J=10 Hz), 3.80(1H,m), 3.78(1H,d,J=12 Hz), 3.60(1H,m), 3.52(1H,d,J=12 Hz), 2.22(1/2H,d,J=11 Hz), 2.19(1/2H,d,J=11 Hz), 2.02, 1.95, 1.91, 1.03, 1.02, 0.81(each 3H,s), 0.88(3H,d,J=6 Hz), 0.79(3H,d,J=6.4 Hz), 0.71(3H,d,J=3.6 Hz), 2.0-1.0(26H,m) 
     EXAMPLE 48-54 
     By the similer procedure as described in example 47 and by deprotecting the hydroxy s of compounds, so obtained, some compounds (48-52) as shown in the following table 2 were prepared. The compounds 53 and 54 were prepared based upon said Example 35 or upon deprotecting the hydroxy s of the compounds, so obtained, with potassium carbonate. 
     
                                           TABLE 2__________________________________________________________________________No  R.sub.1 R.sub.2    R.sub.3        R.sub.4            R.sub.5  NMR(400 MHz, CDCl.sub.3, δ ppm)__________________________________________________________________________48  OH  H  OH  OH             ##STR28##                     5.94(1/2H, s, br), 5.93(1/2H, s, br),                     5.29(1/2H, t, J=3.8Hz), 5.26(1/2H, t, 3.6Hz),                     3.89(1H, dt, J=10.2Hz, 2.7Hz), 3.88(1H, d,                     J=10.5Hz), 3.5(2H, m), 3.43(1H, d, J=10.2Hz),                     3.41(1H, d, J=10.5Hz), 2.28(1/2H, d, J=11.1Hz),                     .27(1/2H, d, J=11.1Hz), 1.06, 1.03, 0.89(each                     3H, s), 0.95(3H, d, J=6.6Hz), 0.87(3H, d,                     J=6.6Hz), 0.78(3/2H, s), 2.1-0.8(29H, m)49  OH  H  OH  OH             ##STR29##                     5.55(1H, d), 5.1-5.3(4H, m), 3.8-3.4(5H, m)                     4.2-4.0(2H, m), 3.0-2.6(3H, m), 2.1-1.8(12H,                     m), 2.0-0.7(40H, m)50  AcO H  AcO AcO             ##STR30##51  AcO H  AcO AcO             ##STR31##                     5.54(1H, d, J=8.0Hz), 5.30(1H, t, J=3.3Hz),                     5.4-5.0(5H, m), 4.28(1H, dd, J=4.4Hz,                     J=12.4Hz), 4.03(1H, dd, J=2.0Hz, J=12.4Hz),                     3.87(1H, d, J=11.8Hz), 3.78(1H, ddd, J=2.0Hz,                     J=4.4Hz, J=12.0Hz), 2.20(1H, d, J=11Hz), 2.09,                     2.07, 1.99, 1.10, 1.07, 0.96, 0.89, 0.77(each                     3H, s), 2.03(6H, s), 2.02(6H, s), 0.85(3H, d,                     J=6.5Hz), 2.0-1.0(20H, m)52  AcO H  AcO AcO             ##STR32##                     6.23(1H, t, J=3.2Hz), 5.25(1H, m), 5.17(1H, td,                     J=3.9Hz, 10.2Hz), 5.09(1H, d, J=10.2Hz),                     3.9(2H, m), 3.86(1H, d, J=12Hz), 3.58(1H, d,                     J=12Hz), 2.21(1H, d, J=11Hz), 2.09, 2.03, 1.98,                     1.11, 1.08, 0.95, 0.89(each 3H, s), 0.85(3H,d,                     J=6.4Hz), 0.82(3H, d, J=3.3Hz), 2.30-0.80(25H,                     m)53  AcO H  AcO AcO CH(OC.sub.4 H.sub.9)CH.sub.3                     5.82(1/2H, q, J=3.6Hz), 5.80(1/2H, q, J=3.6Hz),                     5.28(1H, m),                     5.15(1H, td, J=3.9Hz, 9.6Hz), 5.07(1H, d,                     J=10.5Hz),                     3.85(1/2H, d, J=11.7Hz), 3.84(1/2H, d,                     J=11.7Hz),                     3.56(1/2H, d, J=11.7Hz), 3.55(1/2H, d,                     J=11.7Hz), 3.65(1H, m)                     3.40(1H, m), 2.26(1/2H, d, J=11.7Hz),                     2.25(1/2H, d, J=11.7Hz),                     2.07, 2.01, 1.96(each 3H, s), 2.0-0.7(45H, m)54  OH  H  OH  OH  CH(OC.sub.4 H.sub.9)CH.sub.3                     5.83(1H, m), 5.28(1H, m), 3.7(3H, m), 3.4(3H,                     m),                     2.45(1H, d, J=7.4Hz), 2.4-0.7(51H,__________________________________________________________________________                     m) 
    
     EXAMPLE 55 
     Preparation of methyl 2-O-methylasiatate (41,R3=methyl) 
       1  H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 5.26(1H,t,J=3.6 Hz), 3.24-3.32(1H,m) 2.24(d,J=11.2 Hz), 3.60, 3.39, 1.07, 1.03, 0.92, 0.75,(each 3H,s), 0.94(3H,d,J=5.8 Hz), 0.85(3H,d,J=6.4 Hz) 
     EXAMPLE 56 
     Preparation of methyl 3,23-diacetyl-2-O-methyl-11-oxoasiatate(42, R 3  =methyl) 
     Compound 41 (R3=methyl, 400 mg) and DMAP (30 mg) were placed in a flask and the air was substituted into nitrogen. Then, by the addition of tetrahydrofuran (10 ml) and acetic anhydride (1 ml) in sequence, the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hr. After confirming the progress of the reaction by TLC, methanol (10 ml) was added to the reaction mixture and followed by concentration under reduced pressure. Sodium dichromate (460 mg) was added to the reaction mixture and followed by the addition of acetic acid (20 ml). The reaction mixture was heated for reflux in oil bath for 2 hrs and the progress of the reaction was confirmed by TLC. Acetic acid was filtered off under reduced pressure. The residue was extracted with ethyl acetate and then, the organic layer was washed with water five times and concentrated under reduced pressure. A desired compound was obtained as white solid. 
       1  H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 5.63(1H,s), 4.95(1H,d,J=10 Hz), 3.80, 3.56(2H,ABq,J=11.6 Hz), 3.40-3.48(1H,m), 3.61, 3.33, 1.30, 1.23, 0.90, 0.85(each 3H,s), 2.06(6H,s), 0.97(3H,d,J=6.4 Hz), 0.87(3H,d,J=6.8 Hz), 2.43(1H,d,J=11.2 Hz) 
     EXAMPLE 57 
     Preparation of methyl 2-O-methyl-11-oxoasiatate(43, R 3  =methyl) 
       1  H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 5.63 (1H, s), 3.62, 3.41, 1.31, 1.20, 0.92, 0.89 (each 3H, s), 2.42 (1H, d), 0.98 (3H, d, J=7 Hz), 0.87 (3H, d, J=6.4 Hz) 
     EXAMPLE 58 
     Preparation of methyl 2-O-ethyl asiatate(43, R 3  =ethyl) 
       1  H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 5.26(1H,t), 3.61(3H,s), 2.23(1H,d), 1.20(3H,t,J=6.8 Hz), 0.94(3H,d,J=6.4 Hz), 0.85(3H,d,J=6.4 Hz), 0.75, 0.90, 1.04, 1.56(each 3H,s) 
     EXAMPLE 59 
     Preparation of methyl 2-O-ethyl-11-oxoasiatate(43, R 3  =ethyl) 
       1  H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 5.61 (1H, s), 3.61 (3H, s), 2.41 (1H, d), 1.19 (3H, t, J=6.8 Hz), 0.97, (3H, d, J=6.0 Hz), 0.86 (3H, d, J=6.8 Hz), 0.89, 0.91, 1.23, 1.30 (each 3H, s) 
     EXAMPLE 60 
     Synthesis of methyl 2-O-acetyl asiatate(44) 
       1  H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 5.24(1H,t,J=3.6 Hz), 4.97-5.03(1H,m), 3.60(3H,s), 2.23(1H,d,J=11.6 Hz), 2.02(3H,s), 1.08(3H,d,J=6.0 Hz), 0.84(3H,d,J=6.4 Hz), 0.75, 0.90, 1.07, 1.09(each 3H,s) 
     EXAMPLE 61 
     Synthesis of methyl 2α-acetyl-3β-hydroxyurs-12-ene-23-a1-28-oate(45) 
     Compound 44 (300 mg, 0.55 mmole) and pyridinium dichromate (PDC; 413 mg, 2 equivalents) were placed in a flask and the air was substituted into nitrogen. Then, said materials were dissolved in dichloromethane (9 ml) and stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs. After confirming the end of the reaction by TLC, isopropanol (1 ml) was added to the reaction mixture and eluted with ethyl acetate on silica gel short column to remove the mineral material. The solution, so obtained, was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified with silica gel column chromatography with hexane and ethyl acetate (10:1) to give desired compound as white solid (150 mg, 53%). 
       1  H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 9.40(1H,s), 5.25(1H,t,J=4 Hz), 4.99-5.05(1H,m), 3.60(3H,s), 2.24(1H,d,J=12 Hz), 2.08(3H,s), 0.94(3H,d,J=6 Hz), 0.85(3H,d,J=6.4 Hz), 0.75, 1.09, 1.11, 1.29(each 3H,s) 
     EXAMPLE 62 
     Synthesis of methyl 2α-acetylurs-12-ene-23-a1-3-one-28-oate(45) 
       1  H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 9.43(1H,s), 5.47-5.55(1H,m), 5.27(1H,t), 3.61(3H,s), 2.25(1H,d,J=11 Hz), 2.13(3H,s), 0.94(3Hd,J=6.4 Hz), 0.86(3H,d,J=6.4 Hz), 0.82, 1.10, 1.33, 1.34(each 3H, s) 
     EXAMPLE 63 
     Synthesis of methyl 2α-benzyl-3β,23-dihydroxyurs-12-ene-28-oate(47) 
       1  H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 7.27-7.36(5H,m), 4.68, 4.44(2H,ABq,J=11.2 Hz), 3.61(3H,s), 2.21(1H,d), 1.08, 1.03, 0.90, 0.75(each 3H,s), 0.94(3H,d,J=5.8 Hz), 0.86(3H,d,J=6.4 Hz) 
     EXAMPLE 64 
     Synthesis of methyl 2α-benzyl-3β-hydroxyurs-12-ene-23-al-28-oate(48) 
       1  H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 9.35(1H,s), 7.29-7.36(5H,m), 5.27(1H,t), 4.69, 4.46(ABq,2H,J=11.2 Hz), 3.60(3H,s), 2.25(1H,d), 1.11, 1.09, 1.04, 0.75(each 3H,s) 0.95(3H,d,J=6.4 Hz), 0.91(3H,d,J=6.0 Hz) 
     EXAMPLE 65 
     Preparation of 2α-benzyloxy-3β,23-hydroxyurs-12ene-28-carboxylic acid (49) 
       1  H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 7.30-7.40(5H,m), 5.21(1H,t), 4.70, 4.47(2H,ABq,J=11.6 Hz), 3.67, 3.43(2H,ABq,J=10.8 Hz), 2.28(1H,t,J=13.7 Hz), 1.13, 1.08, 1.05, 0.94(each 3H,s), 0.93(3H,d,J=8.8 Hz), 0.82(3H,d,J=6.4 Hz) 
     EXAMPLE 66 
     Preparation of 2α,3β,23-trihydroxyurs-12-ene-28-carboxylic acid (50, 28-homoasiatic acid) 
       1  H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 5.17(1H,t,J=3.4 Hz), 3.87-3.93(1H,m), 3.82, 3.70(2H,ABq,J=10.3 Hz), 3.50(1H,d,J=7.8 Hz), 2.43(1H,d,J=13.2 Hz), 1.98, 1.89(2H,ABq,J=13.2 Hz), 1.08, 1.06, 1.02, 0.93(each 3H,s), 0.92(3H,d,J=8.8 Hz), 0.81(3H,d,J=6.4 Hz) 
     EXAMPLE 67 
     Preparation of 3,23-O-isopropylidene-2-oxoasiatic acid (51) 
       1  H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 5.23(1H,m), 4.39(1H,bs), 3.62(1H,bs), 3.49(1H,bs), 2.62(1H,s), 1.50(3H,s), 1.44(3H,s), 1.24(3H,s), 1.13(3H,s) 1.01(3H,s), 0.95-0.85(6H,m), 0.75(3H,s) 
     EXAMPLE 68-69, 71-73 AND EXAMPLE 75-80 
     By the similar procedure as described in Example 35 or 47, compounds were synthesized or by deprotecting the hydroxy s of compounds, so obtained, in a common method, compounds as shown in the following table 3 were prepared. 
     
                                           TABLE 3__________________________________________________________________________No  R.sub.1 R.sub.2     R.sub.3        R.sub.4            R.sub.5  NMR(400 MHz, CDCl.sub.3, δ ppm)__________________________________________________________________________68  O   O   OC(CH.sub.3).sub.2 O             CH.sub.2 OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.3                      5.26(1H, t), 5,23(2H, s), 4.40(1H, s),                      3.56-3.72(4H, m), 2.40(1H, d,                      J=12Hz), 2.53, 2.27(2H, ABq, J=10.4Hz), 1.54,                      1.52, 1.15, 1.05,                      1.01, 0.78(each 3H, s), 1.22(3H, t, J=6Hz),                      1.01(3H, d)                      0.87(3H, d, J=5.2Hz)69  O   O   OC(CH.sub.3).sub.2 O             CH.sub.2 O(CH.sub.2).sub.7 CH.sub.3                      5.26(1H, t), 5.23(2H, q, J=6Hz), 4.40(1H, s)                      3.55-3.72(4H, m),                      2.27(1H, d), 2.40, 2.10(ABq, J=12Hz), 1.53,                      1.46, 1.10, 1.06, 1.01,                      0.77(each 3H, s), 0.95(3H, d, J=5.8Hz),                      0.87(3H, d, J=6.4Hz)71  OH  H   OC(CH.sub.3).sub.2 O             CH.sub.2 OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.3                      5.27(1H, t), 5.23(2H, s), 3.74-3.82(1H, m),                      3.66(2H, q, J=7.6Hz),                      3.53, 3.44(2H, ABq), 3.32(1H, d, J=9.6Hz),                      2.25(1H, d), 1.46,                      1.44(2H, ABq), 1.10, 1.07, 1.03, 0.76(each 3H,                      s),                      1.22(3H, t, J=6.8Hz), 0.95(3H, d, J=5.6Hz),                      0.86(3H, d, J=6.4Hz)72  OH  H   OC(CH.sub.3).sub.2 O             CH.sub.2 O(CH.sub.2).sub.7 CH.sub.3                      5.30(2H, s), 5.26(1H, t), 3.73-3.82(1H, m),                      3.32(1H, d, J=9.6Hz),                      2.25(1H, d), 1.46, 1.45, 1.10, 1.07, 1.04,                      0.76(each 3H, s)73  AcO H   OC(CH.sub.3).sub.2 O              ##STR33##                      5.91(1H, t), 5.23(1H, t), 4.96-5.02(1H, m),                      3.68(1H, d), 3.54, 3.50(2H, Abq, J=13.4Hz),                      2.28(1H, d), 2.01, 1.43, 1.41, 1.12, 1.10,                      1.08, 0.75(each 3H, s)75  H   H   AcO AcO              ##STR34##                      5.96(1/2H, s), 5.92(1/2H, s), 5.29(1/2H, t),                      5.26(1/2H, t), 3.88, 3.69(2H, ABq, J=4.8Hz),                      2.06, 2.02, 1.09, 0.98, 0.83(each 3H, s)76  H   H   OH  OH  CH.sub.2 OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.3                      5.26(1H, t, J=3.6Hz), 5.23(2H, s), 3.73,                      3.43(2H, ABq, J=10.3Hz),                      3.66(2H, q, J=6.84Hz), 2.25(1H, d, J=11.24Hz),                      1.22(3H, t, J=7.08Hz),                      1.08, 0.89, 0.78(each 3H, s), 0.96(3H, d,                      J=6.81Hz),                      0.86(3H, d, J=6.4Hz)77  H   H   OH  OH  CH.sub.2 O(CH.sub.2).sub.7 CH.sub.3                      5.26(1H, t, J=3.4Hz), 5.23(2H, s), 3.72,                      3.44(2H, ABq, J=10.4Hz),                      3.53-3.67(3H, m), 2.25(1H, d, J=11.2Hz), 1.08,                      0.97, 0.89,                      0.78(each 3H, s), 0.96(3H, d, J=5.4Hz),                      0.87(3H, d, J=5.4Hz)79  H   OH  H   OH  CH.sub.2 O(CH.sub.2).sub.7 CH.sub.3                      5.29(1H, t, J=3.2Hz), 5.23(2H, s),                      4.11-4.20(1H, m), 3.37                      3.18(2H, ABq, J=10.8Hz), 2.26(1H, d,                      J=11.4Hz), 1.24, 1.09, 0.98,                      0.80(each 3H, s)80  H   AcO H   AcO              ##STR35##                      3.88, 3.70(2H, ABq, J=10.8Hz), 2.08, 2.02,                      1.18, 1.09, 1.01, 0.79(each 3H, s), 0.86(3H,                      d, J=7.3Hz)__________________________________________________________________________ 
    
     EXAMPLE 70 
     Preparation of 2-O-acetyl-3,23-O-isopropylidene asiatic acid (54) 
       1  H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 5.23(t,1H,J=3.6 Hz), 4.96-5.03(m,1H), 3.67, 3.42(AB q,2H,J=10.8 Hz), 3.65(d,1H,J=9.8 Hz), 2.18(d,1H,J=11.7 Hz), 2.09, 1.09, 1.08, 0.88, 0.78(each S, 3H), 0.94(d, 3H,J=6 Hz), 0.84(d,3H,J=6.8 Hz) 
     EXAMPLE 74 
     Preparation of 2-deoxy-3,23-O-diacetylasiatic acid (60) 
       1  H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 5.25(1H,s), 4.79(1H,t), 3.88, 3.70(AB q,2H,J=11.2 Hz), 2.19(1H,d,J=10.8 Hz), 2.03, 2.06, 1.08, 0.99, 0.86, 0.78(each s, 3H), 0.86(d,3H,J=5.6 Hz) 
     EXAMPLE 78 
     Preparation of 2, 23-diacetylurs-12-ene-28-oic acid (68) 
       1  H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 5.26(1H,t), 5.17(1H,t,J=9.2 Hz), 3.89, 3.69(2H,ABq,J=10.8 Hz), 2.19(1H,d,J=10.8 Hz), 2.08, 2.02, 1.20, 1.08, 0.99, 0.79(each 3H,s), 0.95(3H,d,J=6.4 Hz), 0.85(3H,d,J=6.8 Hz) 
     EXAMPLE 81 
     Preparation of methyl 2α-azidoasiatate(74) 
       1  H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 5.25(1H,m), 3.65-3.39(4H,m), 3.55(3H,s), 1.18(3H,s), 1.05(3H, s), 0.98(3H,s), 0.94(3H,m,J=5.0 Hz), 0.86(3H,m,J=8.0 Hz), 0.75 (3H,s). 
     EXAMPLE 82 
     Preparation of methyl 2α-thiophenoxyasiatate(75) 
     m.p.: 229°-233° C. 
     EXAMPLE 83 
     Preparation of methyl 3β-hydroxy-23-undecylenyloxyurs-12-ene-28-oate (76) 
     Compound 14 (200 mg, 0.41 mmole), so obtained from Example 13, and DCC (93.4 mg, 0.45 mmole) were dissolved in dichloromethane (15 ml). Then, undecylenic acid (83.4 mg, 0.45 mmole) and dimethylaminopyridine (40.2 mg, 0.33 mmole) were added to the mixture at 0° C. and stirred under nitrogen atmosphere at room temperature for 2 hrs. The reaction mixture was filtered on celite. The remaining solution was concentrated under reduced pressure and followed by the addition of water. The organic layer was extracted with ethyl acetate, washed with 10% hydrochloric acid, a solution of saturated sodium carbonate, water, and a solution of saturated sodium chloride, and then, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The remaining solution was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified with column chromatography with hexane and ethyl acetate (2:1) to give desired compound as an oil (225 mg, 85%). 
     EXAMPLE 84 
     Preparation of methyl 2β, 3β-epoxy-23-undecylenyloxyurs-12-ene-28-oate(77) 
       1  H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 5.80(1H,m), 5.27(1H,m), 4.99(1H,d,J=17.0 Hz), 4.93(1H,d, -74 J=12.3 Hz), 4.10(1H,d,J=11.1 Hz), 3.88(1H,d,J=11.1 Hz),3.60(3H,s), 3.25(1H,bs), 3.04(1H,d,J=3.2 Hz). 
     EXAMPLE 85 
     Preparation of dimethyl 2β, 3β-epoxyurs-12-ene-23,28-dioate(79) 
       1  H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 5.26(1H,m), 3.75(3H,s), 3.60(3H,s), 3.30(1H,d,J=3.8 Hz), 3.19(1H,d,J=3.9 Hz), 1.25(3H,s), 1.09(3H,s), 1.06(3H,s), 0.94(3H,d,J=5.2 Hz), 0.86 (3H,d,J=8.0 Hz), 0.72(3H,s). 
     Preparation of crude product (compound 78) 
       1  H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 5.27(1H,m), 3.60(3H,s), 3.32(1H,d,J=3.8 Hz), 3.28-3.27(1H,m), 1.24 (3H,s), 1.10(3H,s), 1.06(3H,s), 0.94(3H,d,J=5.3 Hz), 0.86(3H,d,J=6.4 Hz), 0.73(3H,s). 
     EXAMPLE 86 
     Preparation of methyl 2β, 3β-epoxyurs-12-ene-23-N-phenylamido-28-oate(80) 
       1  H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 8.10(1H,d,J=8.5 Hz), 7.61-7.55(1H,m), 7.49-7.43(1H,m), 7.35(1H,d,J=8.5 Hz), 5.29(1H,m), 3.62-3.60(1H,m), 3.60(3H,s), 3.50-3.47(1H,m), 1.25(3H,s), 1.19(3H,s), 1.11(3H,s), 0.94 (3H, d, J=6.0 Hz), 0.86(3H,d,J=6.4 Hz), 0.78(3H,s). 
     Experiment 1 
     Wound healing properties of the present invention 
     Preparation of an ointment 
     200 mg of a compound of the present invention, accurately weighed, was put into a syringe (20 ml). Then, propylene glycol (6 g), glycol stearate (3 g) and white petriatum (1 g), accurately weighed, were put into said syringe. The syringe was immersed in water bath 80° C. to completely melt the contents. It was agitated for about 5 mins so that active ingredients may be homogeneously dispersed to said 3 bases. Another syringe to put purified water (10 g) heated at 80° C. was prepared. By connection of two syringes to a threeway connector, the input at both sides was repeated about 20 times so that the contents were homogenized. The homogenized contents were put into a container and solidified slowly at room temperature. 
     Method 
     To evaluate the wound healing effects related to newly synthesized asiaticoside derivatives and naturally separated asiaticoside, asiatic acid and madecassic acid, rats were given wounds. Among several methods to measure the wound healing effects based upon a rationale that the wound lesions associated with trauma or necrosis are cured by tissue regeneration such as exuberant granulation, etc., the tensile strength method is derived from the fact that tensile strength is evenly increased until a recovered site of wounded tissue is to be recleaved and under pulling at both sides. the force until the wound site is cleaved is measured. Meantime, it has been noted that the tensile strength method in cleaved wounds reflects the quality and speed of regeneration very well. 
     The following table, using said tensile strength method, compared the wound healing effects between TECA (titrated extracted Centella asiatica), one of the active ingredients of currently marketed madecassol ointment and newly synthesized asiaticoside derivatives. 
     The wound healing effects of new asiaticoside derivatives 
     
         ______________________________________                            %                 Tensile    increase                 Strength   fromTest Compounds        (g ± S.E.)                            TECA______________________________________Compound 5 (R = H)    348.75 ± 64.79                            -23.8Compound 22           386.25 ± 25.06                            -15.6TECA                  457.50 ± 45.24Compound 7 (R = H)    345.00 ± 29.74                            -0.3Compound 7 (R = CH.sub.3)                 383.00 ± 28.78                            10.7Compound 5 (R = CH.sub.3)                 357.00 ± 21.54                            3.2TECA                  346.00 ± 22.64Compound 14           520.00 ± 46.94                            7.7Compound 10           321.25 ± 26.66                            -3.3Compound 15           506.25 ± 41.57                            4.9TECA                  482.50 ± 42.71Compound 12           306.25 ± 26.69                            -20.7Compound 16           303.75 ± 32.01                            -21.4Compound 74           316.25 ± 25.24                            -18.1Compound 41 (R.sub.3 = CH.sub.3)                 331.25 ± 20.19                            -14.2Compound 43 (R.sub.3 = CH.sub.3)                 392.50 ± 27.83                            1.6TECA                  386.25 ± 41.11Compound 41 (R.sub.3 = C.sub.2 H.sub.5)                 355.00 ± 52.35                            4.8Compound 43 (R.sub.3 = C.sub.2 H.sub.5)                 405.00 ± 43.59                            19.6Compound 2a           416.25 ± 23.58                            22.9Compound 2b           452.50 ± 43.86                            33.6TECA                  338.75 ± 30.38Compound 75           418.75 ± 32.51                            -2.9Compound 78 (R.sub.5 = OH)                 368.57 ± 30.85                            -14.5Compound 79 (R.sub.5 = OMe)                 367.50 ± 56.12                            -14.8Compound 77           362.50 ± 32.90                            -15.9TECA                  431.11 ± 42.09Compound 76           391.25 ± 40.75                            4.7Compound 18 (R&#39; = CH.sub.3)                 277.78 ± 14.72                            -25.7Compound 18 (R&#39; = C.sub.2 H.sub.5)                 297.50 ± 25.66                            -20.4TECA                  373.75 ± 23.45Compound 45           287.50 ± 2.83                            -4.2Compound 53           351.15 ± 49.51                            17.1Compound 52           303.75 ± 17.49                            1.3Compound 64           336.25 ± 31.02                            12.1Compound 61           360.00 ± 21.58                            20.0Compound 59           323.75 ± 47.37                            7.9Compound 58           327.50 ± 40.96                            9.2Compound 57           320.00 ± 28.50                            6.7TECA                  300.00 ± 34.68Compound 38 (R.sub.10 -R.sub.11 = --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --)                 488.89 ± 33.05                            21.55Compound 36 (R.sub.8 = H, R.sub.9 = octyl)                 396.00 ± 26.43                            -1.55Compound 36 (R.sub.8 = H, R.sub.9 = ethyl)                 410.00 ± 32.32                            1.93Compound 37 (R.sub.10 -R.sub.11 = --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --)                 426.67 ± 22.50                            6.08Compound 35 (R.sub.8 = H, R.sub.9 = ethyl)                 538.00 ± 38.75                            33.76TECA                  402.22 ± 27.48______________________________________