Abstract:
A MWD/LWD hard line communication system and method includes for the system a cartridge capable of deploying wire in a borehole, a screen attachable to the cartridge and positionally retainable in the borehole, and a communications connector operably associable with the cartridge; and for the method, deploying hardline from a cartridge, attaching the cartridge to a screen, and attaching the cartridge to a communications connector. Another method includes pumping fluid downhole, urging a wire nest into a screen, and compacting the nest into the screen with the fluid until the fluid is pumpable past the nest through an unobstructed portion of the screen.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE 
     The present application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/817,921, filed Jun. 30, 2006, the entire contents of which are specifically incorporated herein by reference. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     Measurement while drilling (MWD) and logging while drilling (LWD) using hard lines is often problematic in the wellbore environment. While such lines provide for a much better data rate, than other methods currently employed, they present easy targets for well equipment. When a line is impacted or otherwise strained beyond its tolerance level, it will, of course, break. This presents two problems: the first and obvious problem is that data flow has stopped on at least that line; and the second and potentially even more damaging problem, is that broken lines get pumped downhole along with mud in the column. This often results in the line creating somewhat of a “rat nest” or a “wire nest”. Wire nests are a problem in that they can impede fluid flow, potentially forming a plug of sorts. Once the tubing has a plug, pressure of the mud tends to move the plug downhole until it hits something solid doing damage thereto and potentially causing a complete stop of fluid flow. At this point, well operations associated with the MWD/LWD process are prevented from occurring. Other well operations may also be affected at this point, but almost certainly will be during the consequently required intervention and fishing operation to correct the problem. 
     Wireless means for communicating MWD/LWD data such as acoustic or mud pulse telemetry exist and do function without the risks associated with a hard line but the data rates are quite slow thereby rendering the methods unsuitable for some applications. 
     A system and method for facilitating the use of a hard line communication with its inherently higher data rate while reducing the risks associated therewith would be well received by the art. 
     SUMMARY 
     Disclosed herein is a MWD/LWD hard communication line system. The system includes a cartridge capable of deploying wire in a borehole, a screen attachable to the cartridge and positionally retainable in the borehole, and a communications connector operably associable with the cartridge. 
     Further disclosed herein is a method for employing a hard line for a MWD/LWD operation. The method includes deploying hardline from a cartridge, attaching the cartridge to a screen, and attaching the cartridge to a communications connector. 
     Yet further disclosed herein is a method for reducing damage and promoting continued operations after a hard line break causes a nest in a MWD/LWD operation. The method includes pumping fluid downhole, urging the nest into a screen, and compacting the nest into the screen with the fluid until the fluid is pumpable past the nest through an unobstructed portion of the screen. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Referring now to the drawings wherein like elements are numbered alike in the several figures: 
         FIG. 1  is a cross-sectional view of a portion of a tubing string containing one operational unit of a hard communication line system for MWD/LWD tools. 
         FIG. 2  is a cross-sectional view similar to  FIG. 1  where an electrical disconnect has been released to retrieve wire uphole. 
         FIG. 3  is a cross-sectional view similar to  FIG. 1  where a screen and cartridge of the system is illustrated pulled out of its shoulder ring for retrieval to surface. 
         FIG. 4  is a schematic cross-sectional view of a wire nest having formed in the screen to illustrate remaining flow path in the system. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Referring to  FIG. 1 , illustrated is an operable unit  10  of the system for utilizing hard lines with MWD/LWD tools. The unit  10 , of which there may be one or more in a particular system, comprises a cartridge  12  at a downhole end thereof, a releasable communications connector  14  in operable communication therewith (when connected as illustrated), and a mud screen  16  that is coaxially disposed about the connector  14  and affixed to cartridge  12  at an uphole end thereof. The cartridge further includes a position retention feature such as, for example, a bow spring  20  as illustrated. 
     The mud screen includes a plurality of openings, such as holes or slots therein dimensioned to disallow passage of a nested wire therethrough to ensure that a broken wire does not get circulated downhole past the screen where it can do damage or bring an untimely end to wellbore operations. The exact size of the holes will depend upon the cross-sectional dimensions of the wire itself versus a desire to maximize fluid flow therethrough. It is well within the skill of one of ordinary skill in the art to determine what hole size to use for a particular application. In one embodiment, the screen is frustoconical in shape to enhance the flow area outside an area within the screen to which a wire nest is pumped. The mud screen  16  further includes a releasable shoulder ring  18  and an internal fishing neck  100 . Further detail and operational interaction are provided hereunder. 
     A fact of running suspended hard lines in a wellbore is that the material of construction of the line along with its cross sectional area are mathematically correlatable to a maximum length of suspension before inevitable breakage simply due to the lines&#39; own weight. Friction between the line and the flowing drilling fluid creates another, even stronger tensile load in the line. For these reasons, several lengths of line are often necessary to reach from a surface or other remote location to the location of the MWD/LWD tool but communicatively connected by the line to resolve this issue. The terms line, hard line or wire as referred to herein are generically used to refer to copper or other electronically conductive line, optic fiber line, or any other line effective for propagation of a signal of communicative or power transfer reasons. 
     Cartridge  12 , as noted above, includes a position retention feature  20 . This feature is useful in both temporarily maintaining position of the cartridge  12  relative to tubing  50 , while tubing is being added at surface for continued drilling operations and assisting in retaining the cartridge  12  relative to the tubing after a lower wire segment  60  has been deployed. As each tube  50  is attached to the one going into the hole before it, the cartridge  12  is drawn uphole in, for example, 30 feet increments (length of drill pipe segments) a number of times, until all of the wire stored therein is deployed (about 1000 ft.) After all wire is deployed, the cartridge requires semi-permanent position retention for its trip downhole with the rest of the drill string. 
     Still referring to  FIG. 1 , bracket  70  identifies components added to an uphole end of cartridge  12  to facilitate both semi-permanent position retention and other benefits of the arrangement disclosed herein. The other benefits are addressed infra. At an interface  80  a makeable connection profile is provided to attach cartridge  12  to mud screen  16 . This may be an annular threaded connection, a series of bolts or pins, a welded connection, etc. The interface should be relatively easily made up at the rotary table and be stable. This connection is not intended to be releasable. In addition to this physical connection at the interface  80 , it is further required to provide for electrical connection between an uphole end of cartridge  12  (which of course is already electronically connected to the wire it deployed earlier) and the upper wire section, which will be deployed next. This electrical connection is a part of connector  14 . The connection itself should be easy to makeup at a rotary table on a rig (not shown) and will provide defeatably permanent electrical interconnection between a more uphole wire that will be deployed from a next adjacent cartridge (not shown) and the illustrated cartridge  12 . In one embodiment, electrical connection may be by blade connection, pin connection, etc. The mechanical connection of the connector  14  to the cartridge  12  is to be a releasable one. In one embodiment the connection utilizes one or more shear screws, or shear pins. Alternatively, a collet type mechanism might be substituted. It is important that the connection be strong enough to resist release from the pull of the wire connected thereto as the next upper cartridge is pulled uphole during deployment of the wire spooled thereon. Further, it is important that the mechanical connection be sufficiently releaseable that the electrical connector  14  will disengage from cartridge  12  at a tensile load less than a tensile limit of the wire attached thereto from above. Ensuring the stated properties of connection allows an operator to prepare for pulling of the system without wire becoming an impediment by allowing a pull on the wire to cause a disconnection, which then allows the consequently loose wire to be reeled back to a remote location or the surface. 
     Finally, with respect to anchoring the cartridge  12  in position, the mud screen  16  includes a shoulder ring  18  at an uphole end thereof that is configured and dimensioned to be receivable in a boreback section  90  of a box thread  92  at an uphole end  94  of a section of drill pipe  50 . Shoulder ring  18  nests in boreback section  90  and is retained therein by a leading edge  96  of thread  98  of the next uphole pipe section. 
     Shoulder ring  18  is releaseably connected to screen  16  so that upon a selected tensile load thereon, the screen  16  will release from shoulder ring  18 , leaving the ring in place while the screen  16  and attached cartridge  12  become mobile for retrieval to a remote location, such as a surface location. Both the initial tensile load applied and the impetus to retrieve the screen and cartridge are imposed through an internal fishing neck  100  in screen  16 . Releaseablility may be in form of sheer screws or sheer pins or any other calculatable strength limited connection between the screen and the shoulder ring. 
     Referring to  FIG. 2 , a disconnected electrical connector  14  is illustrated still within the screen  16  while being drawn to a remote location, which in the illustration is an uphole location such as a surface location. Referring to  FIG. 3 , the screen is illustrated released from the shoulder ring  18  and the screen and cartridge partially withdrawn from their previous positions. 
     In operation, the cartridge  12  is manipulated to deploy wire to an advancing Bottom Hole Assembly (BHA) (not shown) in the manner noted above until a selected amount of the wire is deployed. Coupling of the next adjacent wire segment and screen follows as noted and a new deployment operation ensues with a new cartridge. This process is repeated until the BHA is at desired depth. 
     When it is desired to pull the string out of the wellbore, a first pull on the last cartridge will cause release of the electrical connector  14  thereby allowing the wire to be pulled and in one embodiment, spooled at surface. Following removal of the wire, either the drillstring is disassembled including removing the next lower screen and cartridge assembly as they come to surface, which removal itself will create the tensile force necessary to release the next lower connector  14 , and so on; or if the drillstring is to remain intact but obstructions must be removed, a fishing tool with appropriate end (not shown) to engage the internal fishing neck  100  is run to pull the screen and next cartridge by releasing the shoulder ring (it is noted that the shoulder ring need not be separated if the drillstring is being disassembled but only if the drillstring is to remain intact. The screen and cartridge can then be removed from the well while at the same time providing a pull on the next lower wire to disconnect electrical connector  14  for the next lower assembly. The process repeats until all assemblies are removed from the well leaving the drill string in place for whatever task might be desired of it, or to run other tools through the string, for example, a free-point indicator tool. 
     A significant benefit of the herein described arrangement is that a wire break at any time during use of the system does not pose the same risks of a wire nest plug that has been the case with the prior art. When a wire breaks in the system described herein, it will fall into or be circulated into the next lower screen  16  in the system where it is compressed by circulating fluid until the pressure head above the wire nest  108  is relieved due to the wire being forced far enough into the mud screen  16  to allow circulation to resume through the screen above the nest. This is illustrated in  FIG. 4 . Referring to  FIG. 4 , numeral  110  identifies a bracketed area of the system where mud flowing into screen  16  can flow radially outwardly to an annular region  112  and thence downhole. 
     Because of the ability of the system to absorb a wire break without loss of the ability to circulate and consequential shut down of the operation, the use of hard wire with it&#39;s inherently higher data rate is much more desirable. 
     While preferred embodiments have been shown and described, modifications and substitutions may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, it is to be understood that the present invention has been described by way of illustrations and not limitation