Abstract:
A method and apparatus are provided for cleaning and refilling wares for delivering food, e.g. trays, plates, bowls and cutlery, as might be used on airlines and in the health care industry. The wares are provided in sets and kept together in sets. After washing of each set, it is cooled if necessary and immediately refilled, for reuse. This can be achieved by providing a conveyor line along which are arranged a washer, dryer and cooling unit to keep the wares together. The invention provides a basket, configured to hold a number of sets of wares, the exact number depending upon the types of wares.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention relates to an apparatus and a method for cleaning soiled food containers, utensils, trays etc., and for enabling a tray to be assembled with a required complement of wares, e.g. bowls or other food containers and utensils and filling the containers with food. This invention has applicability in any large institution or organization including airlines, hospitals, other health care institutions and the like. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     It has long been known to provide meals for aircraft passengers, by preparing the food in a ground facility or kitchen, and, for each passenger, assembling a tray comprising the necessary bowls, plates, utensils with the food already placed in the bowls etc. This is done for the simple reason that the compact space and weight limitations of aircraft simply do not permit of anything beyond simple reheating and serving of food. Accordingly, much expertise has been developed in promptly assembling meals in this manner, even in relatively large quantities, and arranging for their delivery immediately prior to the departure of flight, to ensure that the food is relatively fresh. 
     Many large institutions have also had a requirement to prepare meals or food in large quantities, and arrange, in effect, for each meal to be delivered individually to a person. This commonly arises in hospitals and institutions caring for elderly people. Traditionally, such institutions would have a kitchen on site, and the meals would be prepared, and delivered from the kitchen immediately by a trolley or cart to the patients. 
     More recently, for such institutions, it has been recognized that there are advantages to preparing meals or food in a more systematic way, possibly even using an external facility, so that the food is then prepared and delivered in a manner analogous to the preparation and delivery of airline meals. Equipment has been developed which enables trays to be loaded with some food which is to be served warm, e.g. a traditional hot meal, and other items, e.g. dairy products, which are to be kept cold. Such trays are provided with a central divider, separating the tray into two halves. Such trays are then loaded into a special container or cart which is provided with ducting, so that one side of each tray can be chilled with cold air, and immediately prior to handing out the trays to the individuals, the other side of each tray has warm or hot air passed over it to reheat or rethermalize the food on that side. 
     However, a fundamental problem with any such technique is the handling of the wares, and in this specification including the claims, the term “wares” encompasses trays, plates, bowls, cups, utensils and any other reusable items necessary to deliver food and beverage. There is the problem of assembling the wares to make up complete or loaded trays and the handling of soiled, returned wares. The traditional approach, used by flight kitchens for airlines and the like is to treat the two operations of cleaning soiled wares and preparing fresh trays as entirely separate. 
     Thus, a conventional kitchen, for preparing of airline meals, soiled trays etc., are commonly received in standard carts. These are unloaded, and the individual wares, i.e. trays, bowls, cups, knives and forks are separated and placed on a conveyor, which takes them through a large washing and drying unit, where the wares are washed and dried. At the exit from this unit, the individual items are collected, stacked and placed in separate storage. Usually, the wares are quite warm as a result of the washing and drying process, but this is not a disadvantage where the wares are placed in storage, and indeed there may even be benefits in driving off any remaining moisture. 
     Here, it should be born in mind that each airline usually has their own line of crockery or utensils, bearing the airline&#39;s insignia. Consequently in these kitchens, there is the need to handle a wide variety of different bowls, plates and other wares, and to keep these separate. Also, even for any one airline, there is usually a difference between the wares used for tourists or ordinary class passengers and that used in business or first class, which again increases the number of different types of wares that have to be stored and handled. Thus, it is common for a flight kitchen to have a relatively large storage area where all of the different types of wares etc. are stored. 
     When it is desired to prepare food for a particular flight, the appropriate trays, crockery and other wares are pulled from storage, and delivered to a separate section of the flight kitchen. There, individual trays are made up, commonly comprising a tray, a number of bowls, cups, cutlery and condiments. The cutlery may either be reusable, commonly stainless steel cutlery or disposable plastic cutlery. In either case, it is common for the necessary items of cutlery to be separately packaged, often with individual packets of condiments and the like, or enclosed in a plastic bag. As a matter of convenience in assembling the tray, the bag containing these various items is often placed on the tray at the end of the assembly process. The tray with the bowls is passed along a conveyor belt or line, and the individual food items are placed on it sequentially, both to enable the trays to be assembled quickly, and to ensure consistency and uniformity. 
     Depending upon the exact timing, the completed trays may be dispatched immediately from delivery to an aircraft, or alternatively may be held in a large, refrigerated storage facility. It should also be born in mind that passengers often have requirements for specific meals, to meet dietary requirements, religious laws and the like. These, usually, must be prepared individually, and then stored with the main part of the shipment, for delivery to the individual aircraft. 
     Generally similar techniques are used, when preparing food for hospitals and other institutions. The main difference is that, for airline use, the trays, bowls etc. are often quite compact, and airline passengers recognize and accept that compact equipment has to be used in the confined space of an aircraft. On the other hand, wares for use in hospitals and the like are usually of more conventional dimensions, so as to be significantly larger than those found on aircraft. This, in turn, creates complexity if a kitchen is to be configured to handle all types of wares. As noted, it is also becoming more common, for such institutional use, to provide trays, which often will be much larger than airline trays, with a central divider separating the tray into two parts, to enable both hot and cold food to be delivered simultaneously. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Accordingly, the inventor of the present invention has recognized that it is desirable to provide a more streamlined and efficient way of handling these wares. More particularly, the present inventor has realized that it is desirable to eliminate the storage of cleaned crockery etc. and, in effect, to provide immediate turnaround or reuse of the equipment once it has been cleaned. This then avoids the problem of sorting and storing different types of wares and subsequently locating and retrieving appropriate equipment for an individual flight. 
     In accordance with a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of washing wares for food and filling the wares with food, the method comprising: 
     (1) receiving sets of soiled wares, each set comprising a plurality of wares intended to be used together for one individual; 
     (2) passing the wares through a washing and drying means, in which the wares are washed and dried; 
     (3) cooling the wares down to a temperature low enough to permit immediate refilling of the wares with food; and 
     (4) reassembling the wares into sets and refilling the wares with food, whereby each set is ready for delivery to an individual; 
     wherein steps (2), (3) and (4) are carried out substantially continuously and sequentially. 
     Preferably, in steps (2) and (3) the wares are kept together in sets. Commonly, each set of wares will comprise a tray and other wares carried by the tray. 
     The method can be carried out by placing the wares directly onto a conveyor. However, in a preferred aspect of the present invention, the method is carried out using a plurality of baskets, each of which is intended to hold at least one complete set of wares, wherein step (1) includes loading each set of wares into a basket, steps (2) and (3) comprise sequentially passing the baskets loaded with sets of wares through a washing and drying means and through a cooling means, and step (4) comprises removing each set of wares from the baskets and returning the baskets for reuse. 
     Depending on the wares, each basket can be adapted to hold two or four sets of wares. Then, in step (1) two or four sets of wares, as required, are loaded into each basket and, in step (4), all the sets of wares are unloaded from each basket. 
     The method is advantageously carried out by providing a substantially continuous conveyor means, including an input station at one point on the conveyor means and a discharge station at another point on the conveyor means, the washing and drying means and the cooling means being provided along the conveyor means, wherein step (1) comprises receiving sets of soiled wares at the input station, loading soiled wares into baskets at the input station and loading the baskets with the soiled wares onto the conveyor means, whereby the baskets are transported by the conveyor means through the washing and drying means and then through the cooling means, and wherein step (4) comprises receiving the baskets at the discharge station and removing and reassembling the sets of wares from the baskets and then returning the baskets along the conveyor means to the input station. 
     In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for washing soiled wares and providing the wares ready for refilling and reuse, the apparatus comprising: 
     an input station for receiving soiled wares; 
     a discharge station for removing clean wares and reassembling wares into sets of wares; 
     a substantially continuous conveyor means extending between the input station and the discharge station and back from the discharge station to the input station; 
     a washing and drying means provided on the conveyor means; and 
     a cooling means provided on the conveyor means, the arrangement being such that baskets containing sets of wares are sequentially subject to washing, drying and cooling between the input and discharge stations. 
     Advantageously, the washing and drying means comprises a separate washing unit and a separate drying unit. To enable greater throughput, the input station preferably comprises two input locations on either side of a conveyor. 
     As mentioned, the invention can be carried out by placing the wares directly onto a conveyor. However, it is preferred to handle the wares in sets in baskets, and in this case the conveyor means is then adapted to convey baskets, each holding at least one set of wares, wherein the baskets and the conveyor means are adapted to permit free flow of water for washing and air for drying. 
     A further aspect of the present invention provides a basket for conveying at least one set of wares comprising a tray, and containers for food, the basket having a generally open structure to permit free flow of water and air and the basket comprising: 
     a base adapted for supporting the basket on a conveying means; 
     a compartment for holding the tray of each set; and 
     a compartment for holding each food container, the arrangement being such that the wares are maintained spaced apart from one another, to enable the wares to be washed and dried. 
     Preferably, the basket includes a retention means for holding lighter food containers in position. More preferably, the basket is adapted for holding a plurality of sets of wares, each set of wares including a tray, the basket including a plurality of slots arranged parallel to one another, for holding the trays. Conveniently, the slots for the trays are provided adjacent one edge of the basket, and a basket additionally includes slots for larger wares, provided adjacent the slots for the trays. 
     Preferably, the basket includes: a first area for food containers to be placed in an inverted position, to ensure draining of the food containers; first retention means for retaining the food containers in position in the first area; a second area for holding lids for food containers; and a second retention means, for ensuring the lids are retained in position in the second area. The basket can also include a portion not covered by the first retention means and the basket then includes a fixed retention member above said portion of the first area under which open containers can be placed so as to be retained in position. 
     Preferably, the basket also includes at least one of: an insert container for receiving cutlery; and locations for receiving tray dividers. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     For a better understanding of the present invention, and to show more clearly how it may be carried into effect, reference will now be made, by way of example, to the accompanying drawings, which show a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and in which: 
     FIG. 1 a  is a plan view of an apparatus in accordance with the present invention; 
     FIG. 1 b  is a perspective view, in the direction of the arrow  1   b  of FIG. 1 a , showing an input station of the apparatus; 
     FIG. 2 is a plan view of a first embodiment of a basket for use with the apparatus of FIG. 1 in a closed configuration; 
     FIG. 3 is a plan view similar to FIG. 2, showing elements of the basket in an open configuration; 
     FIG. 4 is a plan view, similar to FIG. 3, showing the basket loaded with wares; 
     FIG. 5 is a plan view similar to FIG. 4, showing the basket in a closed configuration after being loaded with wares; 
     FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the basket of FIG. 5; 
     FIG. 7 is a side view of the loaded basket of FIGS. 5 and 6; 
     FIG. 8 is a plan view of a second embodiment of a basket according to the present invention; 
     FIG. 9 is a view from the front of the second embodiment of the basket; and 
     FIG. 10 is a side view of the second embodiment of the basket. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     Referring first to FIG. 1, an apparatus in accordance with the present invention is indicated generally by the reference  10 . The apparatus  10  has an input station  12 . Extending from the input station  12  is a first conveyor  14 , and located around and enclosing the conveyor are a washing unit  16  and a drying unit  18 . At the end of the first conveyor  14 , there is a second conveyor  20 , and a drying unit  22  that is located on and around the second conveyor  20 . A third or return conveyor  24 , for purposes to be described, extends from the end of the second conveyor, back to the input station  12 . A discharge station  26  is provided at the junction between the second and third conveyors  20 ,  24 . 
     As indicated in FIG. 1, an incoming storage area  50  can be provided for carts or the like holding trays of sorted wares. At the discharge end, an output storage area  60  can be provided for holding trays, containing the reassembled wares after filling with food and beverage, as desired. 
     Turning to details of the input station  12 , this is best seen in FIG.  7 . The input station  12  has two separate locations  30  and  31 , which are symmetrical about the conveyor  14 , and for simplicity are described in relation to the input location  30 . The provision of two input locations  30 ,  31  enables two operators to work simultaneously, to provide faster loading of a conveyor  14 . 
     The input location  30  is provided with a scissors lift  32 , (FIG. 1 b ) for conventional carts  34 . These carts  34  can be any suitable cart with the scissors lift  32  being dimensioned accordingly. Commonly, for airline use, the carts  34  will be standard carts as found on airlines, for holding food trays and dispensing them to passengers. A ramp  36  is provided to enable the carts  34  to be rolled on top of the scissors lift  32 , when in a lowered position. The lift  32  then enables an individual cart  34  to be raised to a comfortable working position, so that trays can be readily accessed. 
     For the location  30 , an input table  38  is provided, which would be immediately in front of the operator, so that the operator would then have the lift  32  and a cart on his or her left. 
     The input table  38  provides an inclined surface for holding a basket  100  at an inclined angle facing the operator. The basket  100  is an important aspect of the present invention, and enables one or more complete set of wares, i.e. a tray, plates, bowls, cups, cutlery etc. to be maintained together. The basket and its mode of use is described in detail below. For the time being, it is sufficient to note that the returned, soiled wares are loaded into the basket  100 , for transportation through the washing and drying unit  16  and  18  and then through the cooling unit  22 . 
     The table  38  additionally provides a slot  40  for waste food and liquids. An operator first takes a tray out of the cart  34  and places the tray on the table  38 . Waste food items and other waste, e.g. napkins, foil closures and the like are manually scraped off of the bowls and plates into the slot  40 . As each bowl or plate is scraped clean, it is placed in its appropriate location in the basket  100 . As detailed below, these items are not randomly placed, but the basket  100  is configured to two or more full sets of wares, in a desired pattern. Similarly, the cutlery is placed in the basket  100 , as is the tray itself and any divider for the tray. 
     The slot  40  is part of a vacuum disposal system and is connected to suction pipes  42 , so that all waste is withdrawn by vacuum to a central waste container. 
     Once the basket  100  has been loaded, it is placed on a conveyor  14 . For this purpose, the baskets  100  can be held in an inclined position shown in FIG. 1 b  on rollers, so that they can simply be rolled up on the conveyor  14 . 
     The conveyor  14  then conveys the baskets  100  containing the soiled wares into the washing unit  16 . It is here noted that the washing and drying unit  16 ,  18 , the cooling unit  22  and associated conveyors can, individually, be conventional items of equipment, as found in commercial or industrial scale kitchens. Thus, for each installation, appropriate washing units etc can be chosen and, depending upon the space available, appropriate conveyors or the like can be selected to connect the individual units together, to enable continuous and automatic handling of the baskets  100 . 
     In the washing unit  16 , the bowls, plates and other wares are subject to washing by high temperature, soap and water, in known manner, as followed by a rinsing step. The water is then drained from the baskets and the baskets pass into the drying unit  18 , where the individual items are dried by hot air. 
     Conventionally, the individual utensils would be washed and dried separately. After drying, they would then be removed, while still warm, and stacked for storage. Moreover, in conventional kitchens, there is no attempt to keep utensils together in sets. In other words, all of the plates would be stored together and similarly the bowls, cutlery etc. would all be stored separately, with like items being stored together. 
     Here, the baskets  100  keep the equipment together in sets. Additionally, after exit from the drying unit  18 , the second conveyor  20  carries the baskets  100  into a cooling unit  22 . Here, chilled air cools the dried wares down. The reason for this is to enable the bowls, plates to be immediately recharged with fresh food. If they were warm, this would run the risk of promoting growth of bacteria and the like, which could cause food poisoning. 
     After leaving the cooling unit  22 , the baskets  100  arrive at the discharge station  26 . This discharge station  26  includes a separate table  50 , which can be in the nature of a conveyor, or provided with rollers or the like, to facilitate movement of the trays. The detailed unloading of the trays is described below. Here, it is sufficient to note that the trays are unloaded first and then the other items removed from the basket and placed on the trays in the desired arrangement, on the loading table  50 . The trays then pass down the table  50  and are recharged with food in known manner. 
     The empty baskets  100  are returned by the third or return conveyor  24  to the input station  12 , for reloading. Additionally, this enables any items that have not been properly cleaned to be returned for a second pass through the washing unit  16 . Thus, at the discharge station  26 , an operator will usually keep a supply of all of the different bowls, plates, utensils, in case any are missing or dirty for any individual sets of equipment. These additional, spare items are then used to make up complete sets on the trays on the loading table  50 . As noted, any soiled or improperly cleaned items are returned in the baskets along the conveyor  24 . 
     Reference will now be made to FIGS. 2-7, which show in detail a first embodiment of a basket of the present invention. The principal characteristic of this basket  100  is that it holds together a plurality of sets of wares. FIGS. 2-7 show a first embodiment of a basket, intended for holding trays and wares for use in hospitals or other health care institutions. As such, the trays and wares are relatively big and the basket  100  is intended to hold two sets. FIGS. 8-10, described below, show a basket intended for holding trays and sets of wares for airline use; it is possible that where there is a relatively small number of wares that the basket could be configured to hold four or more sets of wares. 
     Both embodiments of the basket are formed from wire which is bent and welded together in known manner. The completed basket is then Chrome plated. The baskets could alternatively be moulded in a suitable plastic material. 
     The basket  100  is generally square in plan with rectangular sides, and has a base  102 , front  104  and left and right hand sides  105 ,  106  and a rear  108 . In known manner, the base  102  is formed from a parallel array of wires extending from front to back, and secured together by various lateral or cross wires welded thereto. The various wires are all welded to one another in known manner, and chrome plated, but it will be appreciated that the basket could be formed from any suitable material, and may, for example, be molded in plastic. 
     As shown, the front  104 , sides  105 ,  106  and rear  108  are formed by three wires which essentially encircle the basket and are supported above the base  102  by spaced vertical wires, to form the basic body of the basket  100 . Welded to the outside of each of the sides  105 ,  106  is a pair of location members  110 . Each location member  110  tapers inwardly slightly from top to bottom, and projects above the top of the relevant side as indicated at  111 . These projecting parts  111  serve to enable the baskets to be stacked, with the projecting parts  111  engaging the sides of a basket placed above and sliding within the bottom of the location members  110  of the upper basket. 
     In the left hand front corner, there is a small insert container  112  of fine mesh, for holding cutlery. Surrounding this is a L-shaped wire member  114  defining a small area which can be used for various small items. At the right of this, there is a relatively large area for holding cups and bowls. A cup and bowl retaining wire  116 , as shown, is shaped to retain two cups  117  having a relatively high height and two bowls  118  with a relatively low height. 
     A first retention frame  120 , as for the base, is formed from a parallel array of wires and includes two upstanding legs  121 , best shown in FIG. 6, pivotally mounted around a cross member  122 . FIGS. 2 and 6 30  show the retention member  120  in the closed position. FIG. 3 shows the retention frame swung to an open position, and as shown in FIG. 4, additional bowls are containers variously indicated at  124  in FIG. 4 can be covered and secured in position by pivoting the retention frame  120  back to the FIG. 6 position. 
     Immediately above the L-shaped member  114 , there is a lid holding area  126  for holding lids and the like which have a relatively shallow depth. As best seen in FIGS. 2 and 4, a frame  128  is provided defining a number of parallel slots extending laterally for securing lids and the like, generally indicated at  130 . 
     To ensure that the lids  130  are held in position, and in particular are not displaced by the force of water cleaning jets, a second retention frame  132  is provided. The frame  132  has legs  133  pivotally mounted to a fixed frame member  134 . Again, FIGS. 3 and 4 show the retention frame  132  pivoted to an open position for loading or removal of the lids  130 . 
     As shown in FIG.  2  and elsewhere, the frame member  134  is generally L-shaped and extends back to a further cross member  136  to define a rectangular opening divided into two approximately square openings by a dividing member  138 . This defines two square openings  139  for receiving tray dividers  140 , as shown in FIG.  6 . 
     Behind the cross member  122 , is a series of cross members identified as  141 ,  142 ,  143 , and  144 . Between the wires of cross members  141 ,  142 , there is a pair of additional elements  146 ,  147 . They extend in a horizontal plane approximately in the middle of the basket. As shown, the intermediate members  146 ,  147  are secured either to a further intermediate member  150  or to the right hand side  106  of the basket. The intermediate members  146 ,  147  define two slots  148 ,  149  for receiving and holding plates as detailed below. Additionally, the front of the intermediate member  146  includes an extension indicated at  146   a  extending downwardly. 
     Between the cross member  136  previously mentioned in relation to the square openings for the tray dividers, and the next rearmost cross member  143 , a slot  152 , for receiving plate covers is provided. The further intermediate member  150 , here extending close to the bottom of the basket, but spaced therefrom, serves to ensure that tray covers are tilted forward, as shown in FIG.  6 . 
     Finally, at the rearmost portion of the basket  100 , the cross members  143 ,  144  define two slots  154 ,  156 , for receiving trays. As best shown in FIG. 7, extending down from each of the cross members  144 ,  143  is a respective extension  143   a  and  144   a . Additionally, extending from the extension  143   a  is a further extension  143   b .Each of these extensions is a generally U-shaped wire element having vertical side legs and a horizontal portion. 
     Thus, in use, the basket  100  is loaded with cutlery  113  in container  112 , and bowls and cups  117 ,  118  are slid under and retained by the retaining wire  116 . Additional bowls  124  are retained in place by the first retention frame  120  and lids  130  are retained in place by the second retention frame  132 . Tray dividers  140  are placed in the openings  139 . Plates indicated at  160  are placed in the slots  148 ,  149 . The form of the intermediate members  146 ,  147  serves to define two slots holding the plates at slightly different angles, and also the left hand plate  160  is held at its lower edge on the extension  146   a . This is done to ensure full and thorough cleaning of the plates  160  and to ensure that water drains out of them. 
     A pair of plate covers  162  is placed in the slot  152 , side by side, and as mentioned, the intermediate member  150  serves to angle these covers forward, again to ensure that they are adequately washed by washing jets coming from underneath and through the basket. 
     Finally, a pair of trays  164  is placed in the slots  154 ,  156 . The various extension members  143   a ,  143   b  and  144   a  ensure that the rearmost tray  164  is held largely upright, while the forward most tray is angled more to the front of the basket  100 , as shown in FIG.  7 . This again is done to ensure that the trays  164  are held accurately and subject to thorough cleaning. 
     The basket  100 , as loaded and shown in FIG. 6 is placed on the conveyor  14  and passes through the washing unit  16  and drying unit  18 . The conveyors  14 ,  20  and  24 , in known manner have an open mesh structure, to permit free passage of water and air. From there, the basket and wares pass through the cooling unit  22 , where the wares are cooled. After the discharge station  26 , the wares are unloaded from the basket  100  and placed on the loading table  50 . In known manner this can include a conveyor assembly, where the tray, reassembled with the bowls, plates and other wares is passed along the line and progressively refilled with the prescribed food. The empty baskets  100  are returned along the third conveyor back to the input station  12 , together with any rejected wares for further cleaning. 
     Reference will now be made to FIGS. 8,  9  and  10 , which show a second embodiment of the basket according to the present invention. For simplicity and to avoid unnecessary duplication, like components are given the same reference numeral as in the first embodiment and their description is not repeated. This second embodiment is intended for sets of wares for airline use, and here shows two sets of wares that would be used for first class customers, i.e. where usually a relatively large number of wares are present and the tray and associated wares have relatively large dimensions, to take advantage of the additional space commonly available to first class passengers. For regular airline seating, the space is usually more limited, and hence the trays will be smaller and the number and size of related wares would be smaller, which can then enable a large number of sets of wares to be held in one basket. Thus, a single basket can be configured to hold four or more sets of wares. 
     Here, the second embodiment of the basket is generally indicated by the reference  200 , and is largely symmetrical as between the left and right hand sides. Thus, on either side the basket  200  includes first and second insert containers  202 , for holding cutlery. As best shown in FIG. 8, the base  102  is formed with a series of parallel wires running from front to back. Here, these wires essentially comprise a first group of wares  204  on either side of the basket and a second group of wares  206  in the center of the basket. The first group of wires are spaced apart at a relatively large distance and are intended to support relatively large wares, while the second group of wares  206 , as shown, are intended to support relatively small wares, such as cups etc., and for this reason are more closely spaced. 
     On either side, there is a retention frame, here indicated at  210 . As noted, the construction is essentially symmetrical, and is described further in relation to just one side of the basket  200 , it being understood that the other side corresponds. In FIGS. 8 and 9, the left hand retention frame  210  is shown in a closed position, while the right had retention frame  210  is shown in an open position. 
     Each of the retention frames comprises legs  212 , which in the closed position extend vertically downwardly, immediately inside the basket. The legs  212  are continuous with a wire that extends around the periphery of a central frame portion  214 . 
     Extending from the innermost edge of each frame portion  214  is a first frame extension  216 , which is shown in FIG. 9, is inclined slightly upwardly at its innermost edge. Extending further from this first frame extension  216  is a second frame extension  218  formed from narrower gauge wire, in known manner. These frame extensions  216 ,  218  are intended to assist in retaining larger wares in position, which are not present in this example. 
     Along the centerline of the basket  200 , there is a first holding area  220  for relatively shallow cups and the like, and a second holding area  222  for larger cups or beakers, which, again as best shown in FIG. 9, has a taller frame around it, to securely hold the taller wares. The second holding area  222  is divided into four square segments by frame elements  224 . 
     At the rear of the basket  200 , similar to the first embodiment, there are two cross members  230  and  232  defining corresponding slots  231  and  233 . Extending from the cross members  230 ,  232  are extension members  230   a  and  232   a . Additionally, as best seen in FIG. 10, at least one additional extension member  232   b  is provided, extending forwardly from the rearwardly extending extension member  232   a.    
     Thus, in use, this basket  200  would be loaded similarly to the first embodiment. Here, the basket  200  is shown loaded with two trays  240 , and the wares are loaded generally symmetrical about a center line extending between the sides of the basket. 
     Thus, on each side there is a large bowl  242 , large and small elongate dishes  243  and  244 , and a round bowl  245 . From each set, there is, within the first holding area  220  a cup  246 , and within the second holding area  222  a pair of cups or beakers  247 , these being indicated for the set located on the right hand side of FIG.  8 . Cutlery, not shown, would be placed in the insert containers  202 . 
     With the basket loaded, the retention frames  210  would be swung into the closed position, as shown, for the left hand retention frame in FIG.  8 . The loaded basket  200  can then be placed on the conveyor at the input station  12  and passed through the apparatus  10 , as detailed above. At the discharge station  26 , it can be removed and unloaded, again as for the first embodiment. 
     The basket  200  includes an additional wire  250  on either side, approximately at the top of the basket  200 , each of which defines a further slot  252 . The purpose of these further slots  252  is to accommodate smaller trays. Thus, where smaller trays and utensils are provided, then four sets can be loaded into the basket. Two trays would be placed in the rearmost slots  231  and  233 , and two additional trays in the slots  252 . The slots  252  would be loaded with the trays after the retention frames  210  have been swung into the closed position. With the presence of smaller and/or lesser wares, four sets of wares can be loaded in the basket. Thus, the second holding area  222  is already configured to hold four cups or beakers, and if four slightly smaller cups are used, four such cups can be placed in the first holding area  220 . This then enables four complete sets of equipment to be washed and dried simultaneously. 
     It will be appreciated that while a preferred embodiment of the present invention has been described, many variations are possible within the scope and spirit of the invention. For example, while the invention has been described utilizing a basket for keeping sets of wares together and for passing the sets of wares through the washing and drying units etc., this is not essential. A key concept behind the present invention is to retain sets of wares together and to refill the wares immediately for reuse, rather than store the wares, not in sets, for reuse at a later time. 
     Thus, it is conceivable that the conveyor system could be configured to take the wares through the washing and drying units and the cooling unit, without requiring a basket. To facilitate keeping the wares in sets, the various conveyors could, effectively, be divided into separate tracks, each track being intended for one particular type of ware, for example one track for plates, another for cups, another for bowls etc. It may well be that such technique would not keep the wares together in sets as exactly as the present invention, but this can be accommodated by providing greater flexibility at the discharge station  26  and keeping a larger stock of spare wares there, to accommodate any missing items or items that need to be returned for further washing. Such an arrangement may well enable the greater throughput of wares.