Abstract:
The present invention involves techniques for rapid, flexible, partial and supplemental reloading of firearms using specialized actions, intermediate storage devices/feeds and multiple magazines, which may, in some embodiments, be simultaneously engaged with a firearm. The techniques disclosed include a feeding system, which may be a multiple-magazine feeding system, that allows a firearm to remain loaded and firing-ready with multiple loaded cartridges at all times, even during reloading operations. The invention also includes other techniques for flexible, non-wasteful, partially-empty reloading, to eliminate reloading paralysis, and allow the soldier or other user, not the size of a magazine, to determine when firing should continue and when and if it should pause.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to the field of firearms and ammunition storage and deployment systems. More specifically, the invention relates to the sub-field of ammunition magazines. 
     BACKGROUND 
     In modern automatic and semi-automatic firearms, reloading is frequently accomplished by an ammunition storing and deploying component known as an ammunition magazine (“magazine”), which stores a series of ammunition cartridges that may be serially fed into the firearm chamber for firing. In some firearms, magazines are fixed to the firearm, meaning that they are not designed to be removed and replaced with other magazines rapidly by a standard user operation during use of the firearm, and/or without separate tools. Some firearms implement detachable magazines, which, by contrast, may be removed and replaced during firearm use by a standard user operation during use of the firearm, without separate tools. 
     Firearms used in combat and other situations with potentially heavy crossfire often incorporate detachable magazines, because the serial reloading of cartridges into a fixed magazine would require too much time during use of the firearm and jeopardize the safety of the user. In such situations, a user may carry several fully loaded, detached magazines to rapidly, fully reload the firearm during engagement. Firearms using fixed magazines are better adapted to sporting or remote use (such as hunting or sniping), but even in those contexts, a detachable exchangeable magazine firearm is often used. 
     Both detachable and fixed magazines are typically rectangular or curved (in the instance of “banana” style clips) boxes, incorporating a spring that applies force to a movable piece called a “follower” attached to the spring, for feeding cartridges into a firing chamber, seriatim, from a magazine port, which typically has a lip (or lips) partially closing it for the retention of the cartridges until they are fed into the firing chamber. A bolt or other feeding and/or firing mechanism action may enter an open part of the port to catch an edge of, and push, a cartridge through another more open part of the port, sliding it out of the magazine and into the firing chamber (after removing a shell casing from the firing chamber, if necessary). But magazines may take a wide variety of other forms, including cylindrical shapes, without springs and followers. See, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 6,502,495. Typically, when a magazine has been emptied by use of the firearm, a last, remaining bullet may still occupy the firing chamber, until it is fired. In some magazine systems, firing that final cartridge will result in the bolt and/or action being “locked open” to signify that the magazine is empty and requires reloading or replacement. See id.; see also U.S. Pat. No. 708,794, to Browning (patent for the Colt Model 1902, which included last shot hold-open) (claim 3). 
     In some magazine systems, the magazine may at least roughly indicate the amount of ammunition remaining loaded in a magazine, for instance, by a “window” or other indicator of the degree to which the magazine is filled with ammunition or the degree to which the follower and/or spring have risen in the magazine due to the removal of ammunition. See, e.g., Product Literature re: CAA Tactical&#39;s Mag 17, available at http://www.caatactical.com/viewProduct.asp?ID=351&amp;catID=318, accessed Sep. 17, 2012. 
     A wide variety of magazine stowing and deployment easing solutions have also been invented, such as belts, pockets, holsters and grips. Such systems may aid soldiers and other firearms users in accessing and replacing magazines. See, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 6,481,136. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention involves techniques for rapid, flexible, partial and supplemental reloading of firearms using new, specialized actions, intermediate storage devices, cartridge feeding systems and/or magazines, which may be multiple, simultaneously engaged magazines. The techniques disclosed include multiple-magazine, multiple compartment and/or multiple feed systems, that allow a firearm to be flexibly and/or partially reloaded, load-completed, and loaded and firing-ready with multiple loaded cartridges at all times, provided enough ammunition magazines are on hand—even during a reloading operation. The invention also includes other techniques for flexible, non-wasteful partially-empty reloading or load completion, including an automatic magazine selector, ejector and ammunition counter and communication system, to aid in optimizing the use of aspects of the invention. 
     Among other objects, the embodiments of the invention eliminate and/or substantially reduce reloading paralysis, and allow a soldier or other user, not the size of a magazine, to better determine when, if, how often and how much firing will pause and continue. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a perspective illustration of aspects of a flexible-loading ammunition system, including an ammunition magazine and a pre-firing cartridge feed and storage antechamber, in accordance with aspects of the present invention. 
         FIG. 2  is a perspective illustration of another flexible-loading ammunition system, including, but not limited to, other embodiments of an ammunition magazine and a pre-firing cartridge feed and storage antechamber, in accordance with aspects of the present invention. 
         FIGS. 3 and 4  illustrate amplified feature details of cartridge advancing belts, which were previously shown in  FIG. 2 . 
         FIG. 5  is a side-view of an alternative embodiment for the antechamber of a flexible-loading ammunition system, in accordance with aspects of the present invention. 
         FIG. 6  is a side view of another flexible-loading ammunition system, including, but not limited to, a set of dual, separately changeable ammunition magazines and a pre-firing magazine receiving housing, comprising a cartridge feed and storage volume, in accordance with aspects of the present invention. 
         FIG. 7  is a side view of another flexible-loading ammunition system, including a set of dual, separately changeable ammunition magazines and variably-positioned magazine-receiving housings, in accordance with aspects of the present invention. 
         FIG. 8  is a depiction of aspects of another flexible-loading ammunition system, including a rotatable cylindrical set of transposable firing chambers, that may be variably loaded by magazine feeding leaves. 
         FIG. 9  depicts a magazine-communicating firearm system which may be used, for example, as a part of multiple-magazine, flexible-loading firearm and firearm antechamber systems, such as those described in reference to  FIGS. 7 ,  8  and  10 , according to aspects of the present invention. 
         FIG. 10  depicts aspects of another flexible-loading ammunition system, including belt-driven and -defined pre-firing cartridge advancement intermediate chambers and the use of exchangeable magazines. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       FIG. 1  is a perspective illustration of aspects of a flexible-loading ammunition system, including an ammunition magazine  101  and a pre-firing cartridge feed and storage antechamber  103 , in accordance with aspects of the present invention. The magazine  101  comprises an approximately 5-sided-box-shaped and an at least semi-rigid outer housing structure  105 . However, components of magazine  101 , such as housing structure  105 , may comprise any suitable material(s), shapes or configurations for ammunition magazines. A force-loading mechanism (such as a spring)  107  applies force to a follower  109 , which, in turn, holds and applies upward force on loaded firearm cartridges, such as those examples pictured as  111 , toward the at least partially open top-end  112  of the magazine  101 . Attached to, against or in communication with follower  109  are pressure-exerting, raisable/descendible posts  113 . A spreadable/contractable cartridge-securing tab (or tabs), such as  115 , retain cartridges loaded in the magazine  101 , unless and until magazine  101  is itself loaded into antechamber  103 , in which case, as discussed in greater detail, below, the tab or tabs are spread open by the loading action. 
     Securing tab(s)  115  allow cartridges to be loaded straight-down into magazine  101 , which is faster than the 2- or 3-step push-and-slide loading action of most magazines, because tab(s)  115  hold a top cartridge evenly, at the lengthwise center of the spring- and follower-exerted force, rather than from the rear end of the casing as in conventional magazine lips. In some embodiments, during loading, a user may use a handle  116  of tab(s)  115  to aid in clearing the loading-, otherwise open-top-end of disengaged magazine  101 . In the figure, the handle  116  is shown pressed against the outer housing of the magazine  101 , leading tab  115  to pivot upward, clearing the opening for loading/unloading of cartridges. But, force-biasing of the pivot point or hinge  118  would otherwise cause clockwise rotation of the tab, at least until sufficiently closing port  112  to hold cartridges in the magazine. Aso, preferably, no such exposed tab actuator handle aspect is accessible to the user and, when loading, a user simply forces a cartridge past the tab, for example, by a one-way stop shape and outward compressibility of the tab(s), or other flexible release in the direction of loading, which does not allow the tab(s)  115  to release cartridges toward the top-end  112 , unless and until the magazine itself has been loaded into and fully engaged and seated with antechamber  103 , which clears the tab(s) from the unloading passage of cartridges via an internal tab-clearer  117 , which may be sloped to lead to pressing the tab(s) or rotating it out of the way of the port, such that it/they may permit the passage of cartridges. Although it may provide some loading convenience, the lack of an exterior handle  116  is preferred, especially in combat settings, because it may be inadvertently actuated in combat, causing the unintended emptying of the magazine  101 . 
     Upon loading magazine  101  with cartridges, such as those pictured as  111 , and which are held in place by tabs  115 , the magazine may itself be loaded into an intermediate storage and advancement antechamber  103 , via the engagement of complementary loading external magazine catch(es)  119  and internal antechamber catch(es)  121 . When properly so locked in place and mounted, and functioning properly, the magazine  101  may be considered properly engaged with both the antechamber and the firearm. A button release, such as that pictured as  123 , may allow a user to disengage and release the magazine, after it is properly engaged. But preferably, upon fully unloading, a rising tab  125  in an outer housing channel  127  also automatically depresses catch  119 , gravitationally releasing magazine  101 , by engaging a ramp  129  attached to or part of catch  119  as the tab  125  rises. In order to rise along with unloading of the magazine  101 , tab  125  is preferably attached to follower  109 , and extends outside housing  105  through channel  127 . 
     Once loaded into antechamber  103 , magazine  101  is opened by tab clearer(s)  117 , and may unload a cartridge or cartridges into a cartridge-holding section  130  of antechamber  103 , if, and only if, holding section  130  is not already maximally filled with cartridges, which would then exert pressure against cartridges within the magazine, retaining them there despite their upward forcing by force-biasing  107  and follower  109 . Preferably, antechamber  103  is an integral part of a firearm, feeding cartridges into a firing chamber (not pictured) from the top-end of the antechamber. However, in some embodiments, both antechamber  103  and magazines such as  101  may be retrofitted onto, or used as a temporary attachment to, existing firearms, in place of an ordinary magazine. In the latter case, the structural features (e.g., magazine release and attachment features, insertion shape, etc.) would be modified from that pictured, to suit the magazine-loading requirements of each such existing firearm. Even if antechamber  103  were fully loaded when magazine  101  properly engaged with antechamber  103 , magazine  101  would begin to feed cartridges into antechamber  103  as cartridges are emptied from the antechamber by firing or other bolt action, which clears space for more cartridges in the antechamber. At such time, spring  107  and follower  109  are no longer pushing cartridges against filled space in the antechamber, and, as a result, may shove cartridges into it. 
     As magazine  101  so unloads its cartridges into antechamber  103 , force-exerting posts  113  may rise with follower  109 , to which they may be attached, and, as a result, may engage with and apply upward force against post holders  131 , within antechamber  103 . Post holders  131  are attached to the outer-side (facing the inner-side of housing  132 ) of belts  133  within antechamber  103 , which belts wrap around, and may advance along, belt-advancing rollers  138 , which may be mounted in, and rotate within, housing  132 . Also attached to the holders, belts and/or rollers are advancing spring(s)  136  (or other such force biasing) which apply downward force, counter to, but insufficient to overcome, the force exerted by posts  113  against holders  131 . As a result, the upward force of rising posts  113  may cause post holders  131  to rise and the left- and right-hand-side (from the perspective of the figure) belts  133  to rotate clockwise and counterclockwise respectively. The inward sides of each belt, in turn, are attached to risable one-way bottom-defining members  137  of the antechamber holding section  130 . Such bottom-defining members  137  may be flexible and one-way sloped and channeled, and allow cartridges to be loaded into section  130 , but they do not allow cartridges to exit in the direction that they were loaded in the event that magazine  101  is detached, for example, because a magazine such as  101  has been emptied and disengaged and/or the user elected additional loading prior to empty of either the magazine  101  and/or antechamber  103 . And even if magazine  101  is detached from antechamber  103 , and no cartridge loading or advancing force is therefore exerted by spring  107 , springs  136  serve to advance cartridges remaining in antechamber  103 , allowing continued firing even before new magazines, such as  101  are fetched and loaded. 
     It should be understood that the particular embodiments set forth in this figure, and elsewhere in this application, are exemplary only, and that aspects of the invention may be carried out with a wide variety of alternative particular shapes, materials, configurations, orders and sequences than that particularly described, and still fall within the scope of the invention. Nothing in the description should be construed as a disclaimer or removal of such alternatives. 
       FIG. 2  is a perspective illustration of another flexible-loading ammunition system, including an ammunition magazine  201  and a pre-firing cartridge feed and storage antechamber  203 , in accordance with aspects of the present invention. Magazine  201  and antechamber  203  may have external dimensions similar to magazine  101  and antechamber  103 , of  FIG. 1 , but some alternative internal mechanism embodiments are shown, and will be explained in greater detail, below. For clarity and consistency in reference, identical and/or similar structures in both  FIG. 1  and  FIG. 2  have been given the same latter two digits. 
     As with  FIG. 1 , force-loading  207  applies force to a follower  209  within magazine  201  to drive cartridges into antechamber  203 , when antechamber  203  is properly engaged with magazine  201 . In the instance of  FIG. 2 , however, a different one-way cartridge capturing and advancing mechanism within antechamber  203  is used to hold and drive cartridges into a firing chamber, an example of which is now shown in  FIG. 2  as  239 . More specifically, pairs of flexible or pivotable one-way guiding and one-way holding tabs, such as those shown as  241 , attached to the outer surfaces of drivable belts  234  and  235  and shown on the faces of the belts facing inward, toward an ammunition storage cavity  230 , guide cartridges driven into antechamber  203  by magazine  201  by flexing or pivoting upwards when cartridges are pressed upwards (and no cartridge is loaded in the position immediately above) against the lower surfaces of tabs  241  by follower  209 . This loading configuration allows each cartridge to pass until it collides with a previously passed cartridge occupying space above it, or the bottom wall of the moveable bolt  242 , if closed at that time. One way stopping walls, such as those shown as  243 , prevent cartridges from escaping antechamber  203  downward, by holding tabs  241  against their bottom-facing surfaces, even if not held by the follower or cartridges driven by the follower, of magazine  201 , which itself may or may not remain properly engaged with antechamber  203 , depending on the operating phase of the firearm. To aid in seeing their operation and cartridge holding and advancing features, details of belts  234  and  235  are shown in greater detail in  FIGS. 3 and 4 . 
     A follower extender  245 , shown in both compressed,  245   a , and extended,  245   b , configurations, is shown in zoom window  247 . Depending on the amount of ammunition loaded in cavity  230 , the follower extender  245  may extend upward past the housing  205  of magazine  201 , and into antechamber  203  to drive cartridges more deeply into storage cavity  230 . For example, if antechamber  203  were partially loaded with two rounds of ammunition, cartridges would occupy the top-most two positions defined by tabs  241  for holding cartridges. To prevent the creation of any gaps, for example, by insufficient cartridges being pushed from the magazine  203  to occupy all available positions in storage cavity  230 , the follower extender  245  extends and drives as deeply as necessary until the last loaded cartridge from the magazine  201  abuts a loaded cartridge in antechamber  203 , leaving no gaps between cartridges loaded in antechamber  203 . To accomplish this follower extension, additional force-loading  249 , dedicated to extending follower extender  245 , and stretchable or unfoldable walls  251 , enable a defined additional extension, which at least partly may occur when cartridges no longer fully compress follower extender  245 , for example, by the release of variable cartridge holding tabs, as discussed in  FIG. 1  and now shown as  215 , and held cartridges, into a void within  230  in the engaged antechamber. 
     In the instance of the mechanism shown in  FIG. 2 , belts  234  and  235  are preferably not driven by force-loading from the magazine,  201 . Instead, the automatic action of the firearm bolt drives belt-advancing gears  271  and  273 , each of which drives one of belts  234  and  235  in opposing rotational directions (and only in those directions, for example, by a ratcheting mechanism engaged with the firearm action) and, in each full movement (fore and aft) of the cartridge-loading slide/bolt  283 , belts  234  and  235  advance upward one cartridge position and load the top-most cartridge into the firing chamber. 
     In some aspects of the present invention, the loading opening of antechamber  203  may be at or more toward the top of the antechamber, rather than at the bottom, which may also aid in eliminating firing gaps in a cartridge conveyer system, such as that discussed with reference to  FIGS. 2-4 .  FIG. 5 , in part, depicts aspects of such an alternative embodiment. 
       FIGS. 3 and 4  provide an illustration of amplified feature details of cartridge advancing belts  335  and  444 , which were previously shown as belts  235  and  234  of  FIG. 2 , respectively.  FIG. 3  provides a front view of the inward-facing side of the rear (butt-end) side advancing belt  335 , while  FIG. 4  provides a front view of the inward-facing side of the left-hand side advancing belt  444 . Both drive belts,  335  and  444 , contain flexible or rotatable cartridge holding tabs, shown as  341  and  441 , respectively. Both sets of tabs are in pivotable or flexible converging mirror-image structure pairs of left- and right-hand side tabs, such as those shown as  361  and  362  and  461  and  462 . The tabs, again such as examples  341  and  441 , may be pivotably attached (e.g., by hinges) or flexibly attached (e.g., by bonding or barb) or otherwise attached to the remainder of belts  335  and  444  at attachment points/pockets, such as those shown as examples  365  and  465  of the belts  335  and  444 . If a pivotable attachment is not used, preferably, tabs  341  and  441  and/or the remainder of the belts are made of a flexible material. In any event, ridges of tabs  341  and  441  grip edges of properly-loaded cartridges, as shown with reference to  FIG. 2 , and, because the pairs of mirror-image structured tabs converge more tightly against one another when pressed down, tabs  341  and  441  resist and/or prevent the passage of cartridges downward, holding them in place against gravity and other downward forces. If cartridges are pressed upwards, however, the set of mirror-image tabs above the cartridge will rotate and/or flex, permitting cartridges to move upward to the next higher position—if, and only if, that next higher position is empty. Sweep-permitting cavities  367  and  467  may assist in permitting the upward sweep and divergence of tabs  341  and  441  when so upwardly pressed. 
     Each belt may also include additional cartridge gripping ridges, such as those shown as examples  363  and  463  and side walls  369  and  469 , each of which may be manufactured by cut away, injection-molding or otherwise by creating a relief from at least part of the flexible materials of at least part (such as the tabs) of the belts  335  and  444  themselves. These ridges  363  and  463  are in the outline of the ends of a cartridge to be gripped and advanced by belts  335  and  444 , and aid in demonstrating the properly loaded position of such cartridges. More specifically, ridges  363  provide a gripping outline that may partially surround and hold the butt-end of loaded cartridges, while ridges  463  are shaped to complement the pointed, target-facing end of the bullet or cartridge, holding it in place. 
     Each of the tabs, such as examples  341 / 441 , gripping tab ridges, such as examples  363 / 463 , and gripping wall ridges, such as examples  369 / 469 , vary between belt  335  and  444  to accommodate and hold the different shape of cartridges at the points held. It should be understood that such gripping and holding features may vary further as they extend outward (out-of-the-page of the figure) to accommodate and better complement and hold varying shape of a cartridge along its length. No particular size of such protruding features need be used but, preferably, the size of such features, in conjunction with the force dynamics of the belts and mechanism allow for easy movement of the belts around wrapping/turning elements at the tightness that they are used, while still allowing the advancing elements to drive the belts with sufficient, reliable grip. Also preferably, such protrusions and the material of which they are made permit them to flatten to some degree when wrapped around rotating belt-moving elements, to ease in wrapping about rollers or other turns in their movement, as may be necessary in particular embodiments of the invention. Of course, the precise shapes and sizes of the cartridge-complementary elements of the invention may differ substantially from those pictured in the figures, to complement and control the type(s), size(s) and shape(s) of ammunition components subject to the particular embodiment and the precise embodiment shown in  FIGS. 2-4  are illustrative only. 
       FIG. 5  is a side-view of an alternative embodiment for the antechamber of a flexible-loading ammunition system. More specifically, a side-/top-loading magazine configuration, as opposed to the bottom-loading systems of  FIGS. 1-4 , is shown. Variably-attached side-/top-loading magazine(s), such as that pictured in an engaged position as  501 , are conjoinable with a multiple-row channeled antechamber  503  at a side-top port  505 , at or about the end of antechamber  503  closest to a firing chamber. Such side-/top-loading magazines may be variably locked with locking and release mechanisms such as those discussed with respect to  FIGS. 1-4 , for example, or any of several other known physical member locking/unlocking mechanism(s), though the mechanisms discussed specifically in this application are preferred. Upon properly engaging with antechamber  503 , magazine  501  may be caused to release cartridges into antechamber  503 , for example, by a variable insertion-released holding tab(s) or other mechanism that is released upon proper engagement, such as, for example, the cartridge magazine loading tab release mechanisms of the types discussed with respect to  FIG. 1 . As a result, force-loading  507  within magazine  501  causes a follower  509  to push cartridges into upper channel  511 , defined by channel wall(s), ridge(s) or groove(s), such as that shown as  513 , and in the direction of force arrow  514 . If penultimate cartridge holding position  516  (prior to entering the firing chamber  515 ) is empty, this leads the first such loaded cartridge to be placed into that position. If, however, a cartridge is already present in position  516 , the unreleased pressure against the next loaded cartridge leads that next cartridge to overcome the confines of channel wall, ridge and/or grooves such as  513 , escaping downward into secondary channel  517 , defined by channel wall(s), ridge(s) or groove(s) such as that shown as  519 . The series of resulting forces exerted up to that point is thus approximately shown by force arrows  521  and  523 . Force arrows  521  and  523  may also depict the motion of the cartridge unless the third-to-last position (second prior to the firing chamber)  525 , is occupied, as the penultimate position to firing chamber was. If position  525  is so occupied, the cartridge may again be forced out of its new channel,  517 , and again be forced downward into the next downward auxiliary channel, this time  527 , defined by channel wall/groove  529 , and so on with further channels below, until a position in the right-hand side row  531  of cartridges is open to receive the cartridge, or the cartridge reaches the bottom wall  535  of the antechamber  503 . As with the mechanism depicted and discussed with respect to  FIG. 2 , a conveyor belt or belts  537  with cartridge holding features, such as the example provided as  539 , preferably advanced one position upward per round of fire upon the action of the bolt/firing chamber clearing mechanism, also as in  FIG. 2 , is used to advance the cartridges held in row  531  to the firing chamber. In the embodiment of  FIG. 5 , however, holding tabs need not allow upward passage of rounds from below. Preferably, all of the channel walls, ridges and/or grooves are made of elastomeric, low-friction material and/or shaped to create primarily right-wards, and, secondarily (in terms of pushing strength), downwards pressure on cartridges within the channel, such that other force loading from the magazine is not required to continue feeding all cartridges into the firing chamber  515  upon sufficient firing. However, such force loading may additionally or alternatively be used to exert the channeling-related forces, and force arrows, discussed above. 
       FIG. 6  is a side view of another flexible-loading ammunition system, including a set of dual, separately changeable ammunition magazines  601  and  602  and a pre-firing magazine receiving housing  603 , comprising a cartridge feed and storage volume  605 , in accordance with aspects of the present invention. Magazines  601  and  602  are shown fully inserted and locked in place (properly engaged) inside complementary cavities  606  within housing  603 , which itself may be inserted into a magazine receiving section of a firearm, or may, alternatively, be an integral part of such a firearm, and provide cartridges to a firing mechanism via cartridge removal port  607 . Cartridge removal port  607  variably holds cartridges within volume/feed  605  unless and until a firing mechanism or other cartridge removal action extracts them (e.g., engagement of the rear of the casing and sweeping of the cartridges into a firing chamber by an automatic slide and bolt of a firearm). 
     Prior to being slided into cavities  606 , magazines  601  and  602  may be loaded with and retain cartridges via a variable holding mechanism which is released upon full mounting of the magazines (proper engagement) within cavities  606  and housing  603 . For example, a variable retaining tab (or tabs) holding cartridges within the magazines may be cleared by a tab-clearing interfacing piece (not pictured) upon such full mounting—such as the cartridge-retaining tabs and tab clearing features discussed as  115 - 117  of  FIG. 1 . If so released, such a mechanism would then permit cartridges to be driven out of magazines  601  and  602  by followers  609  and their force-loading  611 , and/or deliver upward pressure against any prior-loaded cartridges held in volume/feed  605 . Prior to loading magazines such as  601  and  602 , or after their unloading, cartridges already within volume/feed  605  may be retained, and still driven upward toward port  607  by compressible, flexible force-exerting bumpers  613 . Bumpers  613  are preferably of an elastomeric or omni-directional force loaded materials and attached to inside walls of volume/feed  605  and housing  603 , at locations that permit the upward passage of cartridges (with help from magazine followers  609 , past the bumpers) but then oppose downward movement of such cartridges within volume/feed  605  and, through post-passage rebound, expand below such cartridges, driving them toward port  609 . Bumpers  613  may alternatively be comprised of a more rigid surface material, but also comprise force-loading to achieve the same post-cartridge passage driving and retention, or accomplish those actions by any known method in the art. 
     A feed line selector  615 , which leads cartridges from one magazine at a time to flow upward in reaction to cartridges being removed from port  607 , is mounted near the center-bottom of and within volume/feed  605 . Selector  615  is biased toward one of two rotational positions, defined by an attached lever  616  mounted on a common rotational axis  619  as it travels within a confining pocket  621  in an outside surface of the housing  603 . Expansionary force-biasing  623  rotationally attached to both the end of lever  616  and, at the force-biasing&#39;s other end, at a point in the housing, tends to push lever  616  to one of two extreme positions against the outer walls of pocket  621 , each corresponding with selecting one of two magazine feeds to flow upwards and holding rounds in the other. While both magazines are loaded and pressing cartridges upward toward volume/feed  605 , selector  615  will tend to retain its latest selector position, allowing the flow of cartridges from one, but not the other, magazine, due to the action of force-biasing  623 , which is sufficiently strong, with the action of the flowing cartridges to withhold cartridges from the retained cartridges. If, however, one of the magazines has been emptied after serving as the source for that flow, the selector will be driven into the opposite position, allowing cartridges to flow from the other magazine into the volume/feed  605 , due to the absence of the additional pressure from the previously flowing cartridges. Further, either magazine, upon emptying, preferably will be immediately released by follower-actuated, force-biased magazine catch mechanisms  624 , mounted in the housing  603 . Force-biasing  625  within those mechanisms  624  cause interlocking members  627  to be forced within complementary holes within the housings of magazines  601  and  602 . However, as the followers of the magazines rise with emptying, due to their own upward force-biasing  611 , unlocking sub-features  629  depress and push out members  627 , due to their outward-extending, sloped shapes, causing the magazine to be released downward by gravity from housing  603  upon release of the last round from the magazine into volume/feed  605 . Windows  635  at the bottom of pocket  621  may also allow additional follower sub-features  633  to push lever  616  away from the pocket, to the opposing tack, and thereby encourage the proper selection of a cartridge feed from a remaining magazine that is still loaded with cartridges. 
       FIG. 7  is a side view of another flexible-loading ammunition system, including a set of dual, separately changeable ammunition magazines  701  and  702  and variably-positioned magazine-engaging housings  703 , in accordance with aspects of the present invention. Upward force-biasing, such as springs  705 , drive housings  703  upward, toward engagement with a firing chamber loading port  706  and/or a mechanism for drawing cartridges from a magazine mounted in the housings, creating a direct feed of ammunition to the firing chamber. However, only one such housing  703 , which itself must be occupied by a loaded magazine, may occupy the engagement position at a time, which engagement position is illustrated by the right-hand-side magazine  702  and right-hand-side housing  703  with which  702  is shown engaged. If no longer loaded with a magazine, for example, due to recent ejection or other detachment of that magazine, such a housing automatically clears the firing engagement position because the magazine no longer holds the housing in place against a wall feature  707  retaining that position (and, in some embodiments, the system may forcibly eject such a magazine upon emptying). As a result, housing  703  may then be pulled into a channel defined by wall  709  (because it is no longer held away from it by the engaged magazine), which channel then would lead the right-hand housing  703  to be pulled out of the engagement position and into a position open for receiving a new magazine. At that point, the other, left-hand, housing  703  may enter the firing engagement position, if it has been loaded with a magazine and pulled back into a starting position, shown by  701 , which leads to channel(s) leading to a position of engagement with the chamber port  706 . As in other embodiments discussed in this application, preferably, upon emptying, magazines  701  and  702  cause themselves to be released from a variable interlocking mechanism with their housings,  703  or may, as discussed above, be forcibly ejected by the system. In addition, any of the movements discussed above may be alternatively forcibly actuated with any known method or apparatae in the art, including, but not limited to or server motor actuation by a control system, such as a computer and/or processor in actuating connection with such servo motors (not pictured). 
       FIG. 8  is a depiction of aspects of another flexible-loading ammunition system, including a rotatable cylindrical set  801  of transposable firing chambers, such as those examples shown as  803 , that may be variably loaded by magazine-feeding swinging holders  805 . Certain of the firing chambers, such as chamber  807 , are shown filled with an ammunition cartridge, such as  809 , and the figure provides a rear (butt-end) view of such the chambers and loaded cartridges. The cylindrical set of chambers  801  may rotate about an axis  811 , and a firing mechanism and/or action (or multiple mechanisms and/or actions) such as those partially depicted as  813  and/or  815 , may cause the clockwise rotation (facing the figure) of set  801 , such that a new, loaded chamber, if available, is engaged with the either or both firing mechanisms and a rifled barrel prior to firing. Firing pin(s), such as those shown as  817  and/or  819 , may be caused to strike the rear, primed section of cartridges upon such firing. 
     Swinging holders  805  may swing on rotating joints about the same axis,  811 , on which cylindrical set  801  rotates. Holders  805  may variably engage with exchangeable magazines, such as those examples pictured as  821  and  825 , for example, by any of the interlocking and engagement mechanisms for magazines discussed elsewhere in this application, or by engagement-driven hooks or tabs, such as those shown as  826  that may pop-out of the magazines and interface with ports in holders  805 , such as that shown as  830 . Holders  805  may comprise sliding cartridge advancers, such as those examples pictured as  827 . Such cartridge advancers may slide in the direction into the page (of the figure) with a physical edge that, in so sliding, catches a top-most cartridge in a conventional ammunition magazine, removing it from the magazine and inserting it into an empty firing chamber, such as those pictured as  803 , through a holder window, such as  828 , in the set  801 -facing side of the holder (into the page), if and when set  801  moves such an empty chamber past such a window  828  of a holder  805 . Cartridge advancers  827  may each include attached advancement permitting/reversing pins  829  that allow such cartridge insertions by entering pin holes  831 , but which holes force the pins  829  and advancers  827  back (toward a viewer of the figure) after so inserting a cartridge (for example, by a force-loaded rod that forces any pin  829  back out after loading). Such force-loaded rods may be reset, deeper into the holes  831 , to accept pins  829  again by gearing or channeling driven by further rotation of the set  801 , but only when the immediately neighboring chamber is empty. In any event, the rod action pushing pins  829  out of holes  831  resets the force-loaded cartridge loading action of advancers  827  behind the next cartridge, emerging at the top of the magazine in place of the last removed top-most cartridge. Because the casings of the cartridges include a rear lip wider than the remainder of the cartridge, and wider than chambers  803 , such cartridges loaded in chambers  803  are then ready for striking by firing mechanisms  813  and/or  815  by opposing a strike by firing pins  817  and/or  819 . Also because of those structural lips and/or the presence of an emerged, pin-removing rod within a hole  831 , advancers  827  will not move additional rounds into a chamber that has already been loaded, and, instead, holders  805  with conjoined magazines will pass over such loaded chambers, and proceed to load adjacent empty chambers, if any, that next pass under them. 
     Magazines, such as those pictured as  821  and  825 , may variably and releasably conjoin with holders  805  according to aspects discussed elsewhere in this application, for variably conjoining and releasing magazines to other structural parts (for example, as discussed in reference to  FIG. 6 ), or by any other methods for conjoining and releasing magazines known in the art. Again, it should be noted that the particular mechanisms depicted are illustrative only, and are not exhaustive of the techniques within the scope of the invention. For example, a mechanism whereby cartridges automatically are advanced from magazines after proper engagement, such as the techniques discussed in reference to  FIG. 1 , may be used, rather than the advancer system discussed in reference to this figure. 
       FIG. 9  depicts a magazine-communicating firearm system  900  which may be used as a part of multiple magazine, flexibly-loading firearm and firearm antechamber systems, according to aspects of the present invention. If used in a handgun, a shot-counting display  901  preferably is placed on lower left-hand (and/or, if the user is or may be left-handed, on the lower right-hand) and at least partially rearward and/or user&#39;s eye-ward facing sides of the handle. However, in any firearm, such a display is preferably placed on an eye-ward facing surface, or within an otherwise rapidly-acquired user interface (such as, but not limited to, user interfaces that may be within a site and/or a goggle or eye-shield heads-up display). Each or any loaded magazine, such as those shown as  903  and  905 , loaded into firearm system  900 , contain communication-enabling elements, such as those examples shown as  907  and  909 , which may communicate both with internal sensors and/or a processing system  911 , which contains a computer, memory, software, logic/state machine and/or processors, and also is in communication with and able to control the output of display  901 . Elements  907  and/or  909  may, for example, comprise physical contacts that, when connected upon engagement of one or more magazines such as  903  and  905 , lead to initiation of communication. Alternatively, elements  907  and/or  909  may comprise antennae or other radio frequency and ambient power delivery and recognition aspects, for initiation of communication. System  911  may also be in communication with motion sensors and/or antechamber sensors, which aid in counting or inventory of shots fired and/or cartridges loaded or depleted within a magazine(s), an antechamber(s) and/or firing chamber(s), such as those magazines, antechambers and firing chambers discussed elsewhere in this application. In addition, system  911  may, with or without the aid of a battery and electromagnetic or electric power transferring elements, power sensors and communication units  903  and  905 , in addition to communicating with them. System  911  and any associated batteries and/or capacitors may also be charged by motion driven or ambient power capturing sources, such that the loading, recoil or other firearm actions and movements of the firearm may recharge the system, obviating the need for battery changes or other external powering which may, alternatively, be used in accordance with aspects of the invention. In any event, through such system  911 , and any such sensors or inventory count-down techniques, a current accurate count of available ammunition in the firearm for firing may be relayed to a user of the firearm (as pictured) as well as the identity of the currently used magazine and/or the available ammunition per magazine (not pictured). 
     System  911  may include software that may maintain an accurate count of available rounds for firing, magazine status, and other firearm data (e.g., drag from machine debris related to potential jamming, overheating or current barrel temperature, from such sensors) and may be resettable, calibratable or otherwise count- or other output-manipulable by a user and/or ordinary actions of system  900 . For example, upon ejection of one or both magazines, the system may remove any count of cartridges from that magazine from its total count of available rounds, and may, in lieu of internal magazine sensors, add a standard number of rounds upon detecting the loading of the next magazine loaded to the total count. As another example, a user interface may be used to adjust any settings and enter any such necessary user/system selections and data. 
       FIG. 10  depicts aspects of another flexible-loading ammunition system  1001 , including belt-movable and -defined pre-firing cartridge advancement intermediate chambers, such as that shown as chamber  1003 , and also including the use of exchangeable magazines, such as that shown as  1005 . A set of two belts, including a left-hand-side belt  1007 , pictured, and a right-hand-side belt  1009 , partially pictured, comprise movable chamber-defining wall contours, such as those partially depicted by contour  1011 . (To aid the viewer by avoiding confusion from many intersecting lines in the figure, the contours for only one exemplary chamber,  1003 , are fully shown in  FIG. 10 .) More specifically, the inner-facing surfaces of left conveyor belt  1007  and right conveyor belt  1009  converge, but need not completely touch one another, along a separation plane depicted by arrows  1013 . However, it should be understood that a movable, variable series of such chambers in parallel configurations, above and below, are present along that plane where the inner-facing surfaces of belts  1007  and  1009  lay next to one another. Each such chamber may comprise, in part, a cartridge entry port, such as those shown as  1015 , a downward curving tunnel, such as that shown as  1017 , and an exit port, such as that partially shown as  1019 . As will be explained in greater detail below, cartridges may be fed into such entry ports and, depending on the embodiment of the invention, may, in so doing drive both belts  1007  and  1009  upward (on the side of each belt facing one another) delivering such driving force from a support rod  1020 , attached, for example, to intermediate magazine-accepting and cartridge-advancing and feeding housing,  1021 . A cartridge reaching the top of the convergences of the inner-facing surfaces of belts  1007  and  1009  may be driven upward to that position by lower cartridges entering lower ports and their respective tunnels from magazine  1005  and intermediate housing  1021 , and thereby delivering force to the upper (ceiling) contours of the belt-defined tunnels (such as  1003 ). However, a cartridge-inserting and -clearing semiautomatic or automatic action bolt, chambered cartridge and/or other such member may be present, and therefore resist further upward movement of a top-most cartridge held by belts  1007  and  1009  (or may resist contours of the walls themselves, or gearing features of or related to the belts&#39; movement). In any event, further movement of the belts is arrested until such time as a firing and clearing action, removing such members, takes place. Alternatively, or in addition, a firing and/or recoil actuated cartridge driver (discussed below) may also or alternatively halt or advance the next lower cartridge in the magazine from housing  1021  through outward guide  1023  until the next, empty belt-defined chamber has been raised to the level of the position of a cartridge exiting housing  1021 , along the bottom of guide  1023 , rather than rely on force biasing of cartridges pushed into empty chambers, such as  1003 . 
     By holding cartridges and advancing them only upon firing action, in a sense, belts  1007  and  1009  may serve as an intermediate set of storage chambers, ancillary to storage by the magazine. Preferably, auxiliary force-loading of the belts&#39; movement, or action-driven gearing of them, will lead to the advancement of cartridges within the belt-defined chambers, such as  1017 , and enable further firing even if a magazine, such as  1005 , is no longer loaded into intermediate housing  1021  and providing force-bias drive to the belts. In an alternative embodiment, aspects of which are also, alternatively, pictured, the chambering of rounds by a bolt or other action (not pictured) may occur at a position lower than that of the top of the belts and barrel/firing chamber,  1024 , such that, upon sweeping a cartridge into barrel or pre-barrel chamber, such as  1024 , the resulting force against cartridge top-pressing ceiling features (such as those pictured as  1025 ) itself results in driving the belts upward, and preparing the next lower cartridge for loading. 
     Any number of interchangeable ammunition storage magazines, such as that pictured as  1005 , may be used in some embodiments and aspects of the system  1001 , including, but not limited to, conventional magazines. When loaded into intermediate housing  1021 , cartridges may exit the magazine  1005  and housing  1021  toward the belts&#39; ( 1007  and  1009 ) inward convergence and, preferably, a firing and/or recoil actuated cartridge driver  1027  drives each cartridge separately into an empty belt-defined chamber and may, as mentioned above, halt the further advance of cartridges held below, in the magazine, unless and until a new, empty belt-defined chamber is presented at the level of the driver  1027 . If conventional magazines are used, driver  1027  must be of a type shaped to catch the back of casings of cartridges exposed through casing-griping ears, such as those shown as  1029 , such that the driver may unload such a conventional magazine. But, preferably, a specialized magazine with force-biased but spreadable ears (e.g., to be opened upon engagement with the housing), pictured as  1029 , is used. In that embodiment, the cartridges need not be unloaded from the magazine, such as  1005 , by a driver  1027  and the force from a magazine&#39;s force-loading, such as spring  1031 , along with leaf-spreading tabs  1033 , within the housing  1021 , lead to loading cartridges into ports, such as those pictured as  1015 . However, for such an embodiment to work, cartridges must be substantially larger than that pictured in  FIG. 10 , such that they fully occupy the belt-defined chambers, such as  1003 , and resist the further loading of cartridges until already loaded cartridges have been advanced upward from the loading position. Such loaded cartridges will resist further loading with the aid of a wall (not pictured) blocking the exit ports, such as that pictured as  1019 , and unless and until the back-pressure from the loaded cartridges is cleared by loaded cartridges advancing upward, which they may do until the firing chamber or bolt is reached. If force-biasing is not used to drive the belts, and the upward pressure of cartridges being swept out of the belts is also not used to used to drive belts, the chambers, such as that shown as  1003 , need not be curved. 
     In the event of firing without a loaded magazine—which may be useful in the field, for example, in the event of interrupted loading by combat circumstances—at least temporarily empty belt-defined chambers may result, which may be thought of as firing gaps. To aid in filling such gaps, multiple outward-flowing channels, similar to those discussed in reference to  FIG. 5 , may be used, especially in relation to the embodiment discussed immediately above, if a higher position for the top most housing exit guide  1023 , is used, with parallel, lower housing guides with partly open roofs, that allow upward passage of cartridges, unless and until back pressure from a loaded cartridge resists loading at that position. 
     Because several embodiments described in the present application may implement system-directed ejection of ammunition storage magazines, after empty, without the further aspects discussed below, they may create an issue of lost or mishandled empty magazines, depending on the alertness, experience and goals of the user. Most conventional firearms do not cause ejection of magazines after empty, and some embodiments of the present invention do not either. However, preferably, at least a partial ejection of emptied magazines occurs, to alert a user with a tangible physical change that a magazine has been emptied, much as a last shot “locked open” bolt may signal emptying of an entire firearm, in some automatic firearms. For example, when emptied, a magazine may disengage and shift its position, but not fully drop from the weapon, with the aid of stays, partially-ejected position tabs or attached cords that catch the disengaged magazine, or channel/wall features that temporarily hold the magazine in a disengaged, partially ejected position. In one embodiment, partially pictured in  FIG. 10 , such a cord or stay  1051  is shown attached both to the magazine  1005  base and an eyelet-capturing spreadable snap  1053 . Snap  1053  and interfacing eyelet  1055  are each located on the lower-right-hand-side of a housing—the housing of magazine  1005  and the cartridge-advancing and feeding housing  1021 , respectively. As a magazine such as  1005  is slid into its proper engagement position, within housing  1021 , surrounding snap members  1057  and  1059 , which preferably have rounded interfacing surfaces, snap into place and conjoin with eyelet  1055  by spreading over eyelet  1055 &#39;s outer ring structure and entering the void at its center. Snap  1053  is preferably at least semi-permanently attached to cord or stay  1051 , but temporarily held into its place at the lower-right-hand-side of the housing of magazine  1005 , such that, if magazine  1005  is ejected from housing  1021 , snap  1053  remains attached to eyelet  1055  and, therefore, housing  1021 . But, because snap  1053  is only temporarily directly held to the housing of magazine  1005  (for example, by accepting a pin  1061 , which is attached to snap  1053 , downwardly-inserted into a pin acceptor  1063 ) snap  1053  will not follow magazine  1005  down as it is ejected. Because cord  1051  is attached to both by attachment point  1065  with magazine housing  1005  and eyelet  1055  of housing  1021 , the magazine  1005 , resultantly, remains indirectly attached to housing  1021  after ejection via stay/cord  1051 . Preferably, snap  1053  is held in place conjoined to eyelet  1055  with sufficient strength to retain its connection even after absorbing the full force of the falling magazine, but is impermanent enough to allow a user to pull the snap loose. Also preferably, stay/cord  1061  is sufficiently long to permit the ejected magazine  1005  to fully clear housing  1021 , and leave it open for insertion of a new magazine, but, in some embodiments, full ejection, and such long cords or stays, may not be preferred. As with all other described embodiments in this application, the particular stay implemented is by no means exhaustive of the many alternative possibilities within the scope of the present invention, and other stay mechanisms, such as flexible interior housing tabs, snaps, channels or other stays may, alternatively, be used. Finally, a cord  1067  may connect magazine  1005  with another attachment point, or even a winch or other play-gathering device that detects when a magazine has been ejected, reels it in and sequesters it. Such a device may include a processor, memory, software, sensors and/or actuators and may comprise padding where the magazine comes to a rest after being reeled in (e.g., on a soldier&#39;s belt or other equipment) to absorb the shock of the magazine and hold it in place after it is ejected. As one alternative, cord  1067  may be at least partially around a user&#39;s neck and/or shoulder to avoid losing the magazine, preferably by a variable loop which may be defined by a floating, cinching and gripping ring, and may let more than one cord attach to a magazine, or any other retained equipment, at multiple locations on the equipment.