Abstract:
A method for inducing a proliferation of dopaminergic cells in a subject in need, comprising: administering a herbal medicinal composition to a subject in need, wherein the herbal medicinal composition comprises:  Ginseng Radix, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Zingiber officinale  Roscoe,  Cinnamomum cassia  Presl., and  Scutellariae Radix.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0001]    1. Field of the Invention 
         [0002]    The present invention relates to a method for inducing a proliferation of dopaminergic cells and, more particularly, to a method for inducing a proliferation of dopaminergic cells with an herbal medicinal composition. 
         [0003]    2. Description of Related Art 
         [0004]    Parkinson&#39;s disease (PD) is a degenerative disorder of the central nervous system, resulting in a progressive movement disorder. It happens when the death of dopaminergic cells in the brain, and usually occurs after the age of 50. As the disease progresses, some movement-related symptoms including shaking, rigidity, slowness of movement and difficulty with walking and gait gradually occur, which may interrupt daily activities. In some worst cases, the patients may be suffered from thinking and behavioral problems, and even depression. 
         [0005]    Modern treatment for Parkinson&#39;s disease is the use of levodopa. Although many new drugs have been developed, including the dopamine agonists, levodopa is still considered the most effective drug for relieving the Parkinson&#39;s disease symptoms. However, as the diseases progresses and more and more dopaminergic cell death, levodopa eventually becomes ineffective. 
         [0006]    Hence, it is desirable to provide a method for inducing a proliferation of dopaminergic cells, which may solve the problem of the dopaminergic cell death in brain, to effectively treat Parkinson&#39;s disease. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0007]    The object of the present invention is to provide an herbal medicinal composition and a method for inducing a proliferation of dopaminergic cells (also called as dopaminergic neurons, and dopamine-generating cells) in a subject in need using the same to increase dopamine secretion in the subject. 
         [0008]    In addition, another object of the present invention is to provide an herbal medicinal composition and a method for treating Parkinson&#39;s disease using the same. 
         [0009]    The herbal medicinal composition of the present invention comprises:  Ginseng Radix, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Zingiber officinale  Roscoe,  Cinnamomum cassia  Presl., and  Scutellariae Radix.    
         [0010]    The method for inducing a proliferation of dopaminergic cells in a subject in need of the present invention comprises: administering the aforementioned herbal medicinal composition to a subject in need. 
         [0011]    In addition, the method for treating Parkinson&#39;s disease of the present invention comprises: administering the aforementioned herbal medicinal composition to a subject in need. 
         [0012]    The herbal medicinal composition of the present invention mainly comprises:  Ginseng Radix, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Zingiber officinale  Roscoe,  Cinnamomum cassia  Presl., and  Scutellariae Radix . Preferably, the herbal medicinal composition comprises: 1.0-5.0 parts by weight of the  Ginseng Radix , 1.0-5.0 parts by weight of the  Glycyrrhiza uralensis,  1.0-5.0 parts by weight of the  Zingiber officinale  Roscoe, 1.0-5.0 parts by weight of the  Cinnamomum cassia  Presl., and 0.1-3.0 parts by weight of the  Scutellariae Radix . More preferably, the  Ginseng Radix  is comprised in an amount of 2.0-4.0 parts by weight, the  Glycyrrhiza uralensis  is comprised in an amount of 2.0-4.0 parts by weight, the  Zingiber officinale  Roscoe is comprised in an amount of 2.0-4.0 parts by weight, the  Cinnamomum cassia  Presl. is comprised in an amount of 2.0-4.0 parts by weight, and the  Scutellariae Radix  is comprised in an amount of 0.5-1.5 parts by weight. Further preferably, the  Ginseng Radix  is comprised in an amount of 2.8-3.2 parts by weight, the  Glycyrrhiza uralensis  is comprised in an amount of 2.8-3.2 parts by weight, the  Zingiber officinale  Roscoe is comprised in an amount of 2.8-3.2 parts by weight, the  Cinnamomum cassia  Presl. is comprised in an amount of 2.8-3.2 parts by weight, and the  Scutellariae Radix  is comprised in an amount of 0.8-1.2 parts by weight. Most preferably, the  Ginseng Radix  is comprised in an amount of approximately 3.0 parts by weight, the  Glycyrrhiza uralensis  is comprised in an amount of approximately 3.0 parts by weight, the  Zingiber officinale  Roscoe is comprised in an amount of approximately 3.0 parts by weight, the  Cinnamomum cassia  Presl. is comprised in an amount of approximately 3.0 parts by weight, and the  Scutellariae Radix  is comprised in an amount of approximately 1.0 parts by weight. 
         [0013]    In the present invention, the  Ginseng Radix  may be also called as  Panax ginseng , or  Ginseng  root; the  Glycyrrhiza uralensis  may be also called as  Glycyrrhizae Radix , Liquorice, Licorice, or  glycyrrhiza ; the  Zingiber officinale  Roscoe may be also called as dried ginger, or  Zingiberis Rhizoma ; the  Cinnamomum cassia  Presl. may be also called as  Cinnamomum cassia ; and the  Scutellariae Radix  may be also called as  Scutellaria baicalensis.    
         [0014]    According to the requirement for use, the herbal medicinal composition of the present invention may further comprise at least one of a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, a diluent, or an excipient generally used in the art. For example, the herbal medicinal composition is encapsulated into liposome to facilitate delivery and absorption; the herbal medicinal composition is diluted with aqueous suspension, dispersion or solution to facilitate injection; or the herbal medicinal composition is prepared in a form of a capsule or tablet for storage and carrying. In addition, the herbal medicinal composition of the present invention may also be administered with any conventional drug or additive together, as long as the treatment effect of the herbal medicinal composition of the present invention are not decreased. 
         [0015]    The formulation of Chinese medicine composition emphasizes the principle of “Jun-Chen-Zuo-Shi”; in which “Jun” (emperor) refers to the component for treating the main cause of the disease, “Chen” (minister) refers to the component for enhancing the actions of “Jun” or treating accompanying symptoms “Zuo” (adjuvant) refers to the component for reducing or eliminating possible toxic effects of the Jun or Chen herbs but also treating accompanying symptoms, and “Shi” (courier) refers to the component for facilitating the delivery or guide of the other herbs to the target organs. In addition, Chinese medicine is easier transported through brain blood barrier than Western medicine. Briefly, Chinese medicine composition is a prescription, which can combine the properties between drugs to comply with each other. The principle of Chinese medicine is totally different from Western medicine which uses only one drug. 
         [0016]    In addition, the herbal medicinal composition of the present invention can be prepared by any method known in the art, such as an extraction process using water or alcohols. Preferably, the herbal medicinal composition is prepared by a method comprising the following steps: mixing the  Ginseng Radix , the  Glycyrrhiza uralensis , the  Zingiber officinale  Roscoe, the  Cinnamomum cassia  Presl., and the  Scutellariae Radix  to form a mixture; and extracting the mixture with water under heating. 
         [0017]    In the present invention, during the step for extracting the mixture, the temperature and the time therefor are not particularly limited. Preferably, the mixture is extracted at a temperature of 90-100° C. for 60-90 minutes. In addition, the amount of the used water is also not particularly limited. Preferably, the water is used in an amount of 5-15 times the weight of the herbal medicinal composition. Furthermore, the step for extracting the mixture is preferably finished when a final volume of the mixture and the water is a half to a quarter of a beginning volume of the mixture and the water before the step for extracting the mixture. 
         [0018]    When the subject in need is administered with the herbal medicinal composition of the present invention, dopaminergic cells in the subject can be proliferated, and therefore the dopamine secretion therein can further be increased. It is known that the motor symptoms of Parkinson&#39;s disease result from the death of dopaminergic cells (also called as dopamine-generating cells). Hence, by administering the herbal medicinal composition of the present invention, it is possible to treat Parkinson&#39;s disease due to the proliferation of the dopaminergic cells. Especially, the herbal medicinal composition of the present invention can induce the proliferation of the dopaminergic cells and therefore, it is possible to be used to prevent Parkinson&#39;s disease. 
         [0019]    In the present invention, the term “treating” used in the present invention refers to the application or administration of the herbal medicinal composition to a subject with Parkinson&#39;s disease, in order to cure, heal, alleviate, relieve, alter, remedy, ameliorate, improve, or affect the disease. Also, the term “dopaminergic cells” used herein refers to the cells capable of secreting dopamine. 
         [0020]    Other objects, advantages, and novel features of the invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0021]      FIG. 1  is a diagram showing specific binding ratios of [ 123 I]Epidepride in mics after treating with the herbal medicinal composition of the present invention. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
       [0022]    According to the specific embodiments illustrating the practice of the present invention, a person having ordinary skill in the art can easily understand other advantages and efficiency of the present invention through the content disclosed therein. The present invention can also be practiced or applied by other variant embodiments. Many other possible modifications and variations of any detail in the present specification based on different outlooks and applications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. 
       Preparation of Herbal Medicinal Composition 
       [0023]      Ginseng Radix  (11.25 g),  Glycyrrhiza uralensis  (11.25 g),  Zingiber officinale  Roscoe (11.25 g),  Cinnamomum cassia  Presl. (11.25 g), and  Scutellariae Radix  (3.75 g) were cut into slices if necessary, and then heated with water (3500 g) at 90° C. or more for 60 to 90 minutes to form an extract (540 g) divided into three equal parts. Herbal residues were removed from the extract after the extracting process. These herbal medicinal materials are selected and decocted under Dr Lee&#39;s (Yu Sheng Clinic) supervision. In addition, the aforementioned herbal medicinal composition was extracted by automatic medicinal herb decocting device (AMOS DP-200). Furthermore, most of herbal medicinal materials were produced from Mainland China and imported into Taiwan, and only a part of medicinal materials were locally produced in Taiwan. 
       Preparation of [ 123 I]Epidepride 
       [0024]    [ 123 I]Epidepride was prepared by the same method disclosed in US 2012/0264949. Briefly, a precursor of Sn-Epidepride (150˜250 μg) was added into methanol (50˜150 μl). After being oscillated, a mixed solution of Sn-Epidepride was obtained. Next, the mixed solution of Sn-Epidepride was mixed with a solution of [ 123 I]ammonium iodide (NH 4 I) (200˜300 μl), and followed by mixing with a solution of hydrogen peroxide (50˜150 μl) to process destannylation. Then, the obtained was mixed with a solution of 39% sodium bisulfite (250˜350 μl) to stop destannylation, and a saturated buffer solution of disodium hydrogen phosphate (1˜3 ml) was added therein to neutralize the crude product. The crude product was introduced into a C18 column for washing out un-reacted I-123 ions by sterile water, and then the C18 column was eluted with 100% dehydrated alcohol (450˜550 μl) to obtain purified [ 123 I]Epidepride. 
       Administration of Herbal Medicinal Composition 
       [0025]    One dose (50 μl/dose) or double doses (500 μl/dose) of the aforementioned prepared herbal medicinal composition was orally administered to mice to be detected by [ 123 I]Epidepride SPECT imaging for 2 weeks or 4 weeks. In addition, one mouse without taking the aforementioned prepared herbal medicinal composition was classified as a control. 
         [0026]    Experiment animal received were injected with the prepared [ 123 I]Epidepride (5 mCi) about 185 MBq via the tail vein. After 30 minutes distribution, used isofurane gas (1 ml per minute) to anesthetize animals were placed inside on the nanoSPECT/CT (BioScan NanoSPECT/CT Plus). Then, the tomography image used the pin-holes to draw on the image for 30 minutes. 
         [0027]    After nanoSPECT image completed, take the same place on animal for nanoCT Image. Used the software (FUJIFILM Multi Gauge) to mask the regional of neck, to reduce the background value of interesting. Selected series brain region (compared with CT) and a non-brain region as image analysis of location (reference). Irregularregions of interest (ROIs) were drawn with the help of a brain atlas in areas corresponding to the left and right caudate putamen and superior colliculus, and the cerebellum was assumed to represent nonspecific bound and free radioactivity and used as a reference region. The specific binding ratios (SBRs) of [ 123 I]Epidepride in caudate putamen and superior colliculus were calculated by the following equation I. 
         [0000]    
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     Specific 
                      
                     
                         
                     
                      
                     binding 
                      
                     
                         
                     
                      
                     ratio 
                   
                   = 
                   
                     
                       ( 
                       
                         
                           brain 
                            
                           
                               
                           
                            
                           region 
                         
                         - 
                         cerebellum 
                       
                       ) 
                     
                     cerebellum 
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   Equation 
                    
                   
                       
                   
                    
                   I 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
         [0000]    The obtained results are shown in  FIG. 1  and the following Table 1, wherein the Y-axis in  FIG. 1  is the SBR values. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 1 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 SBR 
                 Control 
                 2w-1 
                 2w-2 
                 4w-1 
                 4w-2 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Caudate 
                 2.53 
                 2.00 
                 2.42 
                 2.50 
                 2.20 
               
               
                   
                 Putamen 
               
               
                   
                 Superior 
                 1.38 
                 0.80 
                 1.04 
                 0.98 
                 1.01 
               
               
                   
                 Colliculus 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 “2w-1” refers to the mouse administered one dose for 2 weeks. 
               
               
                   
                 “2w-2” refers to the mouse administered double doses for 2 weeks. 
               
               
                   
                 “4w-1” refers to the mouse administered one dose for 4 weeks. 
               
               
                   
                 “4w-2” refers to the mouse administered double doses for 4 weeks. 
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0028]    [ 123 I]Epidepride is an imaging agent for identifying dopamine D 2  receptors, and competitive with dopamine to bind dopamine D 2  receptors. Hence, as the dopamine secretion increased, the SBR values decreased. According to the results shown in  FIG. 1  and Table 1, it can be found that the SBR values were decreased when the herbal medicinal composition was administered into the mice, indicating that dopaminergic cells were proliferated to secrete more dopamine after herbal medicinal composition administration. Hence, the herbal medicinal composition of the present invention can induce the proliferation of dopaminergic cells and, therefore, be used for treating Parkinson&#39;s disease. 
         [0029]    Although the present invention has been explained in relation to its preferred embodiment, it is to be understood that many other possible modifications and variations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as hereinafter claimed.