Abstract:
A portable splint assembly for fixation to a limb. The splint assembly comprises at least one elongated member having first and second fee ends; and at least one fastener which enables fastening of the splint to a limb. The at least one elongated member has a long axis along its longitudinal extent extending between the free ends and at least one transverse shorter axis. The elongated member is resiliently deformable to allow folding and/or or rolling about at least one said axes. The least one elongated member moves between a first state in which the elongated member is completely folded and/or rolled up and a second state in which the at least one elongated member is unfolded and/or unrolled to enable working engagement with a limb.

Description:
BACKGROUND 
       [0001]    The present invention relates to first aid devices and assemblies and more particularly relates to such devices used in rescue and emergency events requiring immobilisation of damaged limbs. The present invention further relates to medical appliances and more particularly relates to a limb brace for use in supporting limbs which have been injured or which require rehabilitation. The present invention also relates to limb splints used in first aid management of broken bones in remote locations and accident environments. The invention more specifically relates to a limb brace which can be rolled and/or folded up and which has improved versatility, portability, durability and ease of use. The invention further relates to a portable limb splint which temporarily immobilises damaged limbs as initial first aid and which can be applied with minimal discomfort to a victim irrespective of the size of the limb or patient. The invention further provides a splint which includes flexible release straps which allows efficient setting and removal from a limb. The limb splint according to the invention is adjustable to accommodate a variety of leg or arm positions so as to orient the leg or arm in a disposition best conducive to treatment. The invention further provides a limb support assembly allowing multiple degrees of freedom for placing a limb such as a but not limited to leg or arm at selective degrees of restraint. 
       PRIOR ART 
       [0002]    A splint is a common device used in the treatment of human injuries such as damaged joints and bones. The purpose of the splint is to immobilise and support the injured area of the body to prevent movement and further injury. Splints commonly consist of a flat or rigid surface which is applied to the injured area and attached by stirrups, bandages or other securement means to stabilise the area. Splints are often applied by first responder emergency personnel to immobilise a fractured limb, but are also commonly used by lay persons for the same purpose until medical treatment can be sought. Makeshift splits must often be created when an injury occurs, as it is not common for splints to be contained in standard first aid kits as they are bulky and not easily transportable. Many splits are also specifically designed far various limbs, for example, legs or arms and are not adaptable for use on other parts of the body. To carry various types of splints in a first aid kit to suit different limbs, takes up space, is cumbersome and impractical. 
         [0003]    There are in existence various limb splint devices intended to immobilise a limb. Splints are used in first aid kits a ad also by rescuers tor immobilisation of limbs when persons have been injured. A splint is a device which is intended to secure a broken limb to inhibit pain due to mobilisation and to keep the limb straight or in its post trauma position to minimise the risk of further damage during transit to a treatment centre. Conventional splints are often rigid devices with little or no inherent flexibility. There are known splints which are moulded from plastics and which provide a cradle for limb support. 
         [0004]    Leg injuries are common in a variety of sports and often require support either immediately following the injury or post operatively. In the event of a sporting injury, the leg may require support to relieve pain or to prevent further injury. Currently there exist various splints and the like to hold the limb securely until the patient can receive orthopaedic treatment. 
         [0005]    By way of another example of the prior art, U.S. Pat. No. 6,953,442 discloses a knee brace having first and second arms constituting a pair of left and right arms fixed to the bilateral thigh sides along the user&#39;s femur. The brace has third and fourth arms constituting a pair of left and right arms fixed to the shank bilateral sides along the user&#39;s tibia. The lower ends of the first and second arms and the corresponding upper ends of the third and fourth arms are pivotally connected together to provide two pairs of upper and lower arms, so that the third and fourth arms are allowed to pivotally move with a pivotal part as the center correspondingly to the knee motion. Gears and guide grooves which respectively have racks meshing with the gears, extend in parallel to a femur or tibia axial center and provided opposite to the ends of the arms constituting the pairs of left and right arms. The aforesaid brace is the type used for rehabilitation of serious leg injuries such as after surgery. It is a complicated device designed for a specific purpose and is not suitable for field use. 
         [0006]    U.S. Pat. No. 5,060,640 discloses a knee brace for supporting an injured interior cruciate ligament by using straps that produce a forced couple on the knee joint to keep the tibia properly behind the femur while allowing for adjustment of the amount of anti-drawering to fit the individual needs of the patient. The knee brace may utilize a quadricentric hinge that closely approximates the natural movement of the knee joint and allows for adjustment of the knee brace to account for the natural curvature of the individual patient&#39;s leg bones. 
         [0007]    In another example of the prior art, U.S. Pat. No. 5,419,754 discloses a knee brace comprising upper and lower leg-engaging/embracing parts (thigh and calf pieces) connectable around upper and lower parts of the leg above and below the knee joint with the upper and lower leg embracing parts having upper and lower brace members respectively interconnected by at least one joint, wherein the at least one joint means each comprises at least one link member pivotally connected at pivot points to rotate about a pivotal axis on each of the brace members with the at least one link member being provided for holding brace members together, and wherein the end region of a first said brace member has a slot defined between two end arm portions and within the slot space for forming a defining portion thereof. This is a complicated arrangement for a specific purpose and is not suitable for convenient filed use for simply supporting a leg. 
         [0008]    The known leg braces have been limited in their applications because they are restricted in their degrees of freedom and are each built for a specific limited purpose. Nor are they suitable for field use. One of the problems with the known leg splints is that they are difficult to set and maintain an optimum leg position and orientation. They take up space in rescue vehicles and are hard to fix to a damaged let. 
         [0009]    There is a long felt want in the industry to provide an alternative to the known braces and leg support assembles and particularly those which are used in the field. Although the prior art teaches the use of leg braces there is a long felt want in the field to provide a leg splint which provides an alternative to the prior art limb braces and allows a leg to be retrained at selective tension to reduce pain and discomfort. 
         [0010]    One object of this invention is to provide a foldable splint that alleviates the above problems, or at least provides the public with a useful alternative. 
       INVENTION 
       [0011]    The present seeks to ameliorate the aforesaid disadvantages of the prior art by providing a medical appliance and more particularly a leg splint assembly for use in supporting limbs which have been injured or which require medical care or treatment. More particularly the invention provides a leg brace assembly which is portable and adjustable to accommodate a variety of leg positions so as to orient a leg in a disposition best conducive to treatment. The invention further provides a leg support assembly allowing multiple degrees of freedom for placing a leg at selective elevations and attitudes. 
         [0012]    It is one object of the invention to provide an improved limb splint which is simple to operate in the field and which has multiple degrees of freedom. It is a further object of the invention to provide an improved limb brace assembly which provides a simple alternative to the known braces and which may be disposed in multiple orientations. The present invention provides a useful alternative to the known splint devices. More particularly the present invention provides a self contained splint which is easy to store and operate in the field with minimal disruption to the patient. There has thus been outlined, rather broadly, the more important features of the invention in order that the detailed description thereof that follows may be better understood, and in order that the present contribution to the art may be better appreciated. 
         [0013]    There are, of course, additional features of the invention that will be described hereinafter and which will form the subject matter of the claims. In this respect, before explaining at least one embodiment of the invention in detail, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited in its application to the details of construction and to the arrangements of the components set forth in the following description or illustrated in the drawings. The invention is capable of other embodiments and of being practiced and carried out in various ways. Also, it is to be understood that the phraseology and terminology employed herein are for the purpose of description and should not be regarded as limiting. As such, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the conception, upon which this disclosure is based, may readily be utilized as a basis tor the designing of other structures, methods and systems for carrying out the several purposes of the present invention. It is important, therefore, that the claims be regarded as including such equivalent constructions insofar as they do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention. 
         [0014]    The present invention allows rescuers, paramedics and first aid providers to conveniently apply a splint to a damaged limb with minimal discomfort to a patient. The splint is particularly useful in remote locations as it is lightweight, easy to fit and takes up minimal space in first aid inventories. The splint also allows any person including paramedics and the like to readily fit the splint virtually without movement of the damaged limb. This is effected by feeding straps conveniently under the limb. This avoids unnecessary pain and is particularly useful remote areas as it can be folded and stored in kit bags, first aid containers and in back packs. The capacity to fit the splint without movement of the limb avoids further damage a limbs. 
         [0015]    The splint allows medics and rescuers to adopt safe practice earlier in a rescue. If farther damage to a limb is done while removing a patient from an accident site this can complicate future management of the injury. More injury can be prevented if splinting can be achieved with immobilisation avoiding injury occasioned by rough treatment of a patient during an actual rescue. This eliminates constant undesirable movement of the patient. In a first aspect the invention comprises a sheet a rectangular plastic where the traverse planes are longer than the longitudinal planes and wherein the traverse edges contain tabs and slots that when mated form a hall-cylindrical or other shape which can be used as a splint and wherein the plastic can also be folded for storage. It should be noted that any one of the aspects mentioned herein may include any of the features of any of the other aspects mentioned above and may include any of the features of any of the embodiments described below as appropriate. 
         [0016]    In its broadest form the present invention comprises: 
         [0017]    a splint assembly for fitting to a limb of a patient, the assembly comprising a splint body comprising at least one stiff elongated member to which are attached a plurality of flexible straps; wherein the straps are attached transversely relative to a longitudinal axis through the stiff elongated member, each strap having free ends which engage a free end of either same strap or another strap. 
         [0018]    In another broad form, the present invention comprises: a splint assembly comprising a splint body capable of being folded between a folded state when the spirit is not in use and an unfolded state in which the splint envelops the limb of a patient; and at least one strap to secure the splint to a limb; the straps arranged to surround a limb of a patient and secure the splint to the limb thereby splinting the limb. 
         [0019]    In another broad form, the present invention comprises: 
         [0020]    a splint assembly comprising cooperating splint elements each having a plurality of flexible straps transversely disposed relative to a longitudinal extent of the strut member, the straps arranged to surround a limb of a patient and secure the strut to the limb thereby splinting the limb; wherein each said flexible straps are adjustable to selectively alter the tightness of the splint. two cooperating splint elements each comprising a stiff member and a plurality of flexible straps. 
         [0021]    The present invention provides an alternative to the known prior art and the shortcomings identified. The foregoing and other objects and advantages will appear from the description to follow. In the description reference is made to the accompanying representations, which forms a part hereof, and in which is shown by way of illustration specific embodiments in which the invention may be practiced. 
         [0022]    These embodiments will be described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention, and it is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilised and that structural changes may be made without departing from the scope of the invention. 
         [0023]    The following detailed description is, therefore, not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of the present invention is best defined by the appended claims. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
         [0024]    The present invention will now be described in more detail according to a preferred but non limiting embodiment and with reference to the accompanying drawings wherein: 
           [0025]      FIG. 1  shows a plan view of an element of the splint assembly according to one embodiment; 
           [0026]      FIG. 2  shows the element of  FIG. 1  partially engaged with a like splint element prior to affixation to a limb. 
           [0027]      FIG. 3  shows the assembly of  FIG. 21  as it appears when secured to a limb. 
           [0028]      FIG. 4  shows with like numbering the splint element of  FIG. 1  previously described rolled up and prepared for storage. 
           [0029]      FIG. 5  shows a folded view of a limb splint according to an alternative embodiment. 
           [0030]      FIG. 6  shows the limb splint of  FIG. 5  partially unfolded. 
           [0031]      FIG. 7  shows the limb splint of  FIG. 5  unfolded along its longitudinal extent. 
           [0032]      FIG. 8  shows the limb splint of  FIG. 7  partially unfolded across its transverse extent. 
           [0033]      FIG. 9  shows the limb splint of  FIG. 7  fully unfolded across its transverse extent. 
           [0034]      FIG. 10  shows the limb splint enveloping a patient leg and secured with a strap. 
           [0035]      FIG. 11  shows an exploded view of enlarged detail of a connection regime for connecting fastening straps to the splint. 
           [0036]      FIG. 12  shows enlarged detail of the connection assembly of  FIG. 11  assembled 
           [0037]      FIG. 13  shows an abbreviated enlarged view of the splint and fastening strap extending through a slot and wound around the outside of the splint. 
           [0038]      FIG. 14  shows a fully folded limb splint according to a further alternative embodiment. 
           [0039]      FIG. 15  shows the limb splint of  FIG. 14  partially unfurled and including fastening straps. 
           [0040]      FIG. 16  shows the splint of  FIG. 14  presented to an arm of a patient prior to engagement. 
           [0041]      FIG. 17  shows the splint of  FIG. 14  partially installed on a patient arm 
           [0042]      FIG. 18  shows an enlarged view of the engagement between a fastening strap and abbreviated splint of  FIG. 14 . 
           [0043]      FIG. 19  shows a perspective view of a segmented limb splint according to a further alternative embodiment. 
           [0044]      FIG. 20  shows the limb splint of  FIG. 19  with a segment isolated from the main splint. 
           [0045]      FIG. 21  shows the segmented limb splint in a configuration suitable for use in splinting an arm. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0046]    The following detailed description of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings. Wherever possible, the same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings and the following description to refer to the same and like parts. Dimensions of certain parts shown in the drawings may have been modified and/or exaggerated for the purposes of clarity or illustration. The examples referred to herein are illustrative and are not to be regarded as limiting the scope of the invention. While various embodiments of the invention have been described herein, it will be appreciated that these are capable of modification, and therefore the disclosures herein are not to be construed as limiting of the precise details set forth, but to avail such changes and alterations as fall within the purview of the description. Although the method and apparatus aspects of the invention will be described with reference to their application to the embodiments described it will be appreciated that the invention can be embodied in alternative splints. 
         [0047]    In a folded state the splint to be described herein is compact and easily transportable. For example it would fit easily into standard first aid kits or would be able to be kept in a convenient place in a user&#39;s home, workplace or car. This is an improvement on known splints which cannot be folded or compacted for the purposes of storage and transport. Preferably, the splint is made from a pre-formed plastics material of a suitable strength and flexibility. However it is to be understood that alternate materials could be used provided the splint is foldable about at least one axis (transverse and/or longitudinal). According to a preferred embodiment, the splint includes an elongated member which consists of two longitudinal folds and at least two traverse folds. When the splint is viewed in an unfolded state a longitudinal dimension is greater than a transverse dimension, and the longitudinal planes are greater than the traverse planes. 
         [0048]    Referring to  FIG. 1  there is shown a splint element  1  comprising a stiff strut  2  to which is attached a plurality of flexible straps  3 ,  4 ,  5  and  6 . Each strap is fixed to stiff member  2  such that it is transverse to longitudinal axis  7 . Strap  3  is preferably fitted midway along it length at connection point  8 . Strut  2  is preferably manufactured from a lightweight but stiff plastics material. 
         [0049]    It will be appreciated that other materials can be used such as timber preferably lightweight, composite plastics, recycled plastics, graphite (carbon fibre) and metals such as but not limited to aluminium. The material selected must be stiff enough to withstand forces applied during splinting including external impact on the splint assembly 
         [0050]    Flexible strap  3  is preferably manufactured from a flexible soft material which is of sufficient strength to withstand hoop and other stresses when splint element  1  is applied in use. Strap  3  preferably comprises Velcro™ which allows adjustable length fastening to accommodate limb geometry and quick release and attachment. Strap  3  is attached transversely relative to longitudinal axis  7  through the stiff member via connection point  8  midway between free ends  10  and  11  of strap  3 . 
         [0051]    Likewise straps  4 ,  5  and  6  are connected to member  2  at respective connection points  12 ,  13  and  14 . Strap  4  terminates at free ends  15  and  16 . Strap  5  terminates in free ends  17  and  18  and strap  6  terminates in free ends  19  and  20 . The free ends of each strap engage a free end of the same strap or of a strap associated with a second splint element (see  FIG. 2  described below), either same strap or another strap. The splint element  1  of  FIG. 1  can be used as a rudimentary splint for small children or for a small limb where one stiffener is sufficient. When element  1  is used alone free ends of each strap will mutually engage to form a loop which can be tightened as required. Thus ends  10  and  11  of strap  3  mutually engage. Likewise ends  15  and  16  of strap  4  engage, ends  17  and  18  of strap  5  engage and ends  19  and  20  of strap  6  engage. 
         [0052]      FIG. 2  shows the element  1  of  FIG. 1  partially engaged with a like splint element  30  prior to affixation to a limb. Element  30  comprises a stiff strut member  31  to which is attached a plurality of flexible straps  32 ,  33 ,  34  and  35 . Each strap is fixed to stiff strut  31  such that it is transverse to longitudinal axis  37 . Strap  32  is preferably fitted midway along it length at connection point  38  preferably midway between free ends  38  and  39  of strap  32 . Member  31  is preferably manufactured from a lightweight but stiff plastics material. Similar materials are used for element  30  as were described for element  2 . 
         [0053]    Strap  32  as with all straps preferably comprises Velcro™ which allows adjustable length fastening to accommodate limb geometry and quick release and attachment. Strap  32  is attached transversely relative to longitudinal axis  37  through the strut  31  via connection point  38 . 
         [0054]    A variety of connections may be adopted such as studs, glue, slot engagement sewn loop. In one embodiment the strap can be adjustable along the length of the struts  2  and  31  and laterally relative to strut  2  and  31 . Likewise straps  33 ,  34  and  35  are connected to strut  31  at respective connection points  40 ,  41  and  42 . Strap  32  terminates at free ends  43  and  44 . Strap  33  terminates in free ends  45  and  46 , strap  34  terminates in free ends  47  and  48  and strap  35  terminates in free ends  49  and  50 . The free ends of each strap engage a corresponding free end of a strap associated with a splint element  30 . 
         [0055]      FIG. 2  shows the splint assembly as it would appear laid out before securing to a limb.  FIG. 3  shows with corresponding numbering the assembly of  FIG. 2  as it appears when secured to a limb. In the embodiment shown, four loops are formed which would in use, embrace a limb. A user can elect how tight to fit the splint by adjusting the extent of overlap between engaging ends of the opposing straps. Thus strap  3  engages strap  32  via ends  11  and  43  and ends  10  and  44 . Straps  4  and  33  engage via ends  16  and  45  and  15  and  46 . Straps  5  and  34  engage via ends  18  and  47  and  17  and  48 . Straps  6  and  35  engage via ends  20  and  49  and  19  and  50 . 
         [0056]    The user can make incremental adjustments between the extent of overlap between any of the engaging ends to alter the splinting forces required. This is ideally performed using Velcro fastening but alternative methods of fastening may be adopted. The straps are adjusted to provide required tightness. This can provide more comfort to the patient but still allows best paramedical practice. The present invention therefore reduces unnecessary patient limb movements when a patient must be removed from an accident site without unwanted movement of the limb. Once a patient is splinted the patient can then be transferred to further transport i.e. ambulance, flying doctor, helicopter or another extraction vehicle. 
         [0057]    Each of struts  2  and  31  are cut to a length suitable for a particular patient. For example, adult and child&#39;s versions can be made available. Alternatively the splint elements are provided in one or a small number of standard sizes which can be scissor or blade cut to length depending upon the nature of the patient. Alternatively excess length of a standard size can be folded over or rolled over to a required size (length) for a particular limb. Material selection for the struts  1  and  30  is important for satisfying the aforesaid objectives of achieving the optimal length from a standard size, rolling up for storage or cutting excess length. An analogy is a tape measure which is stiff enough for its purpose but can also roll up for storage. 
         [0058]      FIG. 4  shows with like numbering splint element  1  previously described rolled up and prepared for storage. Element  1  is shown rolled up into a compact size roll which can fit readily into large or small basic first aid kits or similar. When rolled the struts flatten out but once the element is opened for use, they resume the shape, length and strength of an extremely stiff/rigid strut capable of supporting a multitude of limb injuries. Preferably, the splint element  1  will unroll spontaneously under elastic deformation once released to adopt its use configuration. 
         [0059]    Element  1  comprises a stiff strut member  2  to which is attached a plurality of flexible straps  3 ,  4 ,  5  and  6 . Each strap is fixed to stiff strut  2  which comprises a material which is stiff enough to provide splitting but flexible enough to allows folding or rolling up. Depending upon the size of the Element  1  the rolled element could be sized no bigger than the size of a standard bandage. Each splint element can be adapted for single use and discarded or it can be reused as required. When used with open injuries it can be discarded after use for infection control. For closed injuries the splint element can be reused. 
         [0060]    Since each element can be rolled up or folded into a compact size, the materials selected for the struts and straps accommodate this objective. Material selected include metals timber, plastics or any other material with sufficient stiffness to act as a splint but with sufficient flexibility for folding or rolling up. Alternative embodiments of the present invention will be described below: 
         [0061]    Referring to  FIG. 5  shows a folded view of a limb splint assembly  70  according to an alternative embodiment. Splint  70  is shown folded transversely about a longitudinal extent indicated by dotted line  71  and thence folded longitudinally along the line  71 . Splint  79  is shown in kit form and includes fasteners  72   
         [0062]      FIG. 6  shows with corresponding numbering the limb splint  70  of  FIG. 5  partially unfolded along its longitudinal extent in the direction of arrows  73  and  74 , it will be appreciated that the size of the splint can be varied to accommodate different limb sizes. For example a child&#39;s splint will be smaller and shorter than one used for a larger adult. Splint  70  has in the example shown folded along transverse fold lines  75 ,  76 ,  77 , and  78 . When in fully developed form the splint  70  is a planar sheet of material suitable for the purpose and which can durably resist continual folding and unfolding (cold working), and be stiff enough to stabilise a limb. Opposing edges  79  and  80  are folded towards each other transversely relative to axis  71  and as required overlap to form an envelope which will accommodate a limb (See  FIG. 10 ). 
         [0063]    In preference, the length of the longitudinal plane is approximately half the length of the traverse plane. By way of example, if the length of the traverse plane is 42 centimetres and the length of the longitudinal plane would be 22 centimetres, the first traverse fold would be located approximately 2 centimetres from the first traverse edge and a second traverse fold would be located approximately 10 centimetres from the first traverse edge. The first traverse fold would be located approximately 20 centimetres from the second traverse edge and the second traverse fold would be located approximately 12 centimetres from the second traverse edge. The first and second longitudinal folds and are preferably located an equal distance from each other and the first and second longitudinal edges. For example using the above measurements, the first longitudinal fold would be located approximately 14 centimetres from the first longitudinal edge 28 centimetres from the second longitudinal edge. The second longitudinal fold would be located 28 centimetres from the first longitudinal edge and 14 centimetres from the second longitudinal edge. 
         [0064]    It is to be understood that the above measurements are by way of example only and any alternate measurements and ratios could be used depending on the side of the splint  70 . Therefore, the splint in the unfolded state can be transformed into the folded state by folding the first traverse edge inward towards the second traverse edge along the first traverse fold, then folded again towards the second traverse edge along the second traverse fold. The fold is on the first longitudinal fold line  71  towards the second longitudinal edge, then a final fold along the second longitudinal fold line  71   a  inward towards the first longitudinal fold. The splint is then in the folded state as per  FIG. 6 . In preference, all of the folds are scored or otherwise pre-folded to allow for ease of folding by the user. 
         [0065]      FIG. 7  shows with corresponding numbering, the limb splint of  FIG. 5  unfolded along its longitudinal extent.  FIG. 8  shows the limb splint  70  of  FIG. 7  partially unfolded across its transverse extent in the direction of arrows  81  and  82 . Also shown are longitudinal fold lines  87 ,  88 ,  89 ,  90  and  91  about which splint  70  is folded to define internal space  86 . 
         [0066]      FIG. 9  shows the limb splint  70  of  FIG. 7  showing walls  83  and  84  partially unfolded in the transverse direction about a longitudinal axis defining a space  86  in which a limb is placed. Splint  70  includes ‘breathing’ holes  85  which assist circulation of air about the limb.  FIG. 9  shows transverse fold lines  75 ,  76 ,  77  and  78 . 
         [0067]      FIG. 10  shows with corresponding numbering the limb splint  70  enveloping a patient leg  92  and secured with a fastening strap  93 . According to the embodiment shown strap is wound around the outside of splint  70  in a helical fashion. 
         [0068]      FIG. 11  shows an exploded abbreviated view of the splint  70  with fold lines  90  and  91  and enlarged detail of a connection regime  95  for connecting fastening strap  93  to the splint  70 . Strap  93  terminates in end  96  which includes openings  97  and  98  which oppose openings  99  and  100  in splint  70 . Retaining clamp  101  includes tabs  102  and  103  which penetrate respective openings  98  and  100  and  97  and  99  and sandwich end  96  of fastening strap  93  between clamp  101  and splint  70 . Clamp  101  includes a hook formation  104  which defines a slot recess  105  which receives an opposite end of strap  93  and retains winding tension about splint  70 . 
         [0069]      FIG. 12  shows with corresponding numbering an enlarged detail of the connection assembly  95  of  FIG. 11  fully engaged. Edge  79  of splint  70  is folded about fold line  106  and includes a slot  107  which receives fastening strap  93 . Strap  93  is secured by clamp  101  via hook formation  104 . Strap  93  engages recess  105  and is retained by the resilience of hook formation  104 . As hook formation is attached to splint  70 , this provides anchorage for strap  93  when it is fed up through slot  107  and fastened via hook formation  104 . 
         [0070]      FIG. 13  shows with corresponding numbering an abbreviated enlarged view of the splint  70  and fastening strap  93  extending through slot  105  and wound around the outside of splint  70 . 
         [0071]      FIG. 14  shows a fully folded limb splint assembly  120  according to a further alternative embodiment. Splint  121  is folded longitudinally about fold lines  122  and  123  such that ends  124  and  125  overlap. Splint  121  is secured in its folded position by straps  126  and  127  which are anchored to splint  121  in a similar manner to that which was described with reference to splint  70 . This folding provides a very compact stowable splint assembly for use in first aid kits, paramedics, ambulance kits and the like. 
         [0072]      FIG. 15  shows the limb splint assembly  120  of  FIG. 14  partially unfurled and including fastening straps. Splint  121  is shown unfolded about longitudinal fold lines  122 ,  123 ,  124 . Edge  125  is folded about fold line  122  in which there are disposed a plurality of slots  126 ,  127 ,  128  and  129 . Splint  121  is unfolded longitudinally to its fullest extent about fold lines  130  and  131 . Wall  132  receives and retains anchors  133 ,  134 ,  135  and  136  which anchor respective fastening straps  137 ,  138 ,  139  and  140 . Straps  137 ,  138 ,  139  and  140  pass through respective slots  126 ,  127 ,  128  and  129 , in the direction of arrows  141 ,  142 ,  143  and  144 . 
         [0073]    When a limb is placed in internal space  146 , respective ends  147 ,  148 ,  149  and  150  of fastening straps  137 ,  138 ,  139  and  140  may be pulled to tighten splint  121  about a limb and finally engage respective anchors  133 ,  134 ,  135  and  136 . The embodiment of  FIG. 15  contemplates that the splint assembly  120  receives a limb in space  146  so that splint  121  envelops die limb ( not shown). Thus is this embodiment, the limb will be underneath fastening straps  137 ,  138 ,  139  and  140 . In this case ends  147 ,  148 ,  149  and  150  could be passed under the splint  121  then each back on themselves for fastening via anchors  133 ,  134 ,  135  and  136 . 
         [0074]      FIG. 16  shows with corresponding numbering, the splint assembly  120  of  FIG. 15  presented to an arm  151  of a patient prior to engagement. In this embodiment the arm may be restrained in an alternative manner of fixation. In this case the splint is laid along the back  155  of the arm with the fastening straps  137 ,  138 ,  139  and  140  wound over the front of the arm. In this case the splint could be folded flat and placed against and along the back  155  of the arm  151 . Fastening straps  137 ,  138 ,  139  and  140  would then be wound around the arm and back on themselves at a selected tension. This may be achieved by co-operation between ends  147 ,  148 ,  149  and  150  of fastening straps  137 ,  138 ,  139  and  140 . 
         [0075]      FIG. 17  shows with corresponding numbering the splint assembly of  FIG. 15  partially installed on a patient arm  151 . In this embodiment, the fastening straps  137 ,  138 ,  139  and  140  are wound over the front of the arm  151 . Straps  161  is anchored to wall  165  in a similar manner to that which was described previously with reference to  FIG. 13 . Splint  121  further comprises locking slots  163 ,  166 ,  167  and  168  whose operation will be described with reference to  FIG. 18  below. 
         [0076]      FIG. 18  shows an enlarged abbreviated view of the splint assembly  120  and the engagement between a fastening strap  137 . In this embodiment, end  147  which has now been fully wound around splint  121  of strap  137  engages locking slot  163  cut into edge  164 . This allows quick fixation and release and also allows tensioning while the end  147  of strap  137  remains in slot  163 . Slot  163  has sufficient flexibility to allows quick engagement and release of fastener  137  and applies sufficient friction to retain tension when the splint  121  is fitted to a limb. In this embodiment, strap  137  is anchored to wall  165  in a similar manner to that which was described previously with reference to  FIG. 13 . End  147  can be pulled through slot  163  with increasing tension applied about a limb to secure the splint which as much tension as is required. 
         [0077]      FIG. 19  shows a perspective view of a segmented limb splint assembly  170  according to a further alternative embodiment. In this embodiment, it can be seen that splint  171  can be cut along transverse fold lines  172  and  173  to form either a series of smaller splints or one which better conforms to the shape and/or size of a limb. Splint  171  is shown cut along fold line  172  potentially enabling it to be disposed at a different angle relative to a longitudinal axis. Wall section  175  is opened out and the size of an internal space adjusted as required. As before, once the configuration of splint  171  is decided by a user, the splint can be secured to a limb using fasteners  176 ,  177 ,  178  and  179  which can be looped around splint  171  and reconnected. Fasteners  176 ,  177 ,  178  and  179  are respectively secured by clamps  181 ,  182 ,  183  and  184  attached to wall  185  in a similar manner to that described earlier. Preferably a plastics material is used for the splint material. The strength of the plastic and the tension created by the interconnection of the fasteners which engage the slots, secures the splint in the “in use” state. In this state the splint  171  comprises a substantially triangular shaped recess. 
         [0078]      FIG. 20  shows with corresponding numbering, the limb splint  171  of  FIG. 19  with a segment  180  isolated (by scissor cut) from the remainder of splint  171 . 
         [0079]      FIG. 21  shows the segmented limb splint  171  in a configuration suitable for use in spinning an arm. In this case, segment  190  would be suitable to wrap about a Humerus so that a patient can cock the elbow. This might be useful where a patient needs to wear a sling. With the fold lines and the flexibility of the splint material various configurations may be adopted depending upon particular requirements. Additional segments can be introduced for long arm and segments reduce for short arms—such as those of a child. The limb can be laid on the outside of the splint or within a recess created by walls of the splint to both cases the fasteners apply the required tension. 
         [0080]    The present invention as described herein retains the advantages of a conventional splint but improves patient comfort during application and allows rescuers to apply the splint with safety and without discomfort to the patient. It also, allows earlier management of limb fractures reducing pain and reducing treatment time increasing patient security from further damage. The splint is simple to operate, can be attached with minimal pain, is safer and adjustable to accommodate patients of different sizes. The splint is fitted with straps to secure the legs of a patient. This, allows the patient&#39;s limb to be fully restrained from movement and allows rescue services to evacuate the patient quickly. 
         [0081]    It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that although the example described with reference to the illustrations show a assemblies which include a limb splint, it will be appreciated that the assembly and disassembly technique described can be adapted for alternative limb splints. 
         [0082]    Further advantages and improvements may very well be made to the present invention without deviating from its scope. Although the invention has been shown and described in what is conceived to be the most practical and preferred embodiment, it is recognized that departures may be made therefrom within the scope and spirit of the invention, which is not to be limited to the details disclosed herein but is to be accorded the full scope of the claims so as to embrace any and all equivalent devices and apparatus. Any discussion of the prior art throughout the specification should in no way be considered as an admission that such prior art is widely known or forms part of the common general knowledge in this field. 
         [0083]    Persons skilled in the art will now appreciate the present invention which provides for a foldable, reusable splint which can be applied easily by a lay person or medical professional to assist in the treatment of injuries. The stiff material of construction provides a strong, secure splint that will provide support to the victim and keep their injury immobilised. The invention improves upon known splints because it is easy to use; it can be folded into smaller dimensions for convenient storage and transport; it can be used on various parts of the body; and it is reusable. 
         [0084]    The splints described herein can also be used on different parts of a human or animal body. The invention is therefore adaptable and an improvement over known splints which are directed for use on particular body parts. For example, in the known art a wrist splint can only be used on the wrist and a leg splint can only be used on a leg. According to the present invention the splint can be used on different limbs such as an arm or leg but in an alternative embodiment the compact splint can be especially adapted for use on a particular limb. Preferably, the splint when used for an arm, includes a tuck in fastening for securing the fastening straps. When used for a leg splint the same or similar materials of manufacture are used but employs a fabric bandage for strapping the limb to the splint. Thus the way the foldable splint is used can be adjusted according to the part of the body on which it is used. Alternatives are contemplated for the securing clips. One described employs a clamping hook and another contemplates a slot cut into the splint material to allow convenient engagement and disengagement and pull through for tensioning. One preferred material (but non limiting) of construction for the splint is Polypropylene in the range of about 0.5-1.5 mm thick. Injection moulded plastics such as ABS or similar are suitable for the splint and clamps. The fastening straps are preferably manufactured from Nylon or similar material and are preferably around 0.2-0.4 mm thick. Other thicknesses are contemplated. 
         [0085]    In the present specification and claims (if any), the word “comprising” and its derivatives including “comprises” and “comprise” include each of the stated integers but does not exclude the inclusion of one or more further integers. 
         [0086]    It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the invention described herein is also adaptable to alternative applications. It will be recognised by persons skilled in the art that numerous variations and modifications may be made to the invention as broadly describe herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. For example the fasteners can be engaged by hook and loop connections (sometimes known as VELCRO™), clips, buckles, ratchets, and the like or any connection creating hoop tension. 
         [0087]    It should be understood that various changes and modifications to the presently preferred embodiments described herein will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Such changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present subject matter and without diminishing its intended advantages. It is therefore intended that such changes and modifications be covered by the description of embodiments herein.