Abstract:
A composite material having a plurality of protective elements held such that they comprise substantially all of a fabric material that retains an elastic property that allows the material to freely expand and contract without substantial restriction and such that the material can be used to make a water garment for wearing over a torso of a person in a body of water. The protective elements can be inelastic with a diameter of approximately ¾ of an inch or more.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application is a continuation of U.S. Ser. No. 12/160,351 filed on Jul. 9, 2008 which claimed the benefit of international application no. PCT/US2006/062525 filed Dec. 12, 2006, provisional patent application No. 60/766,291 filed Jan. 9, 2006 and provisional patent application No. 60/823,369 filed Aug. 23, 2006, all filed by the present inventor, the disclosures of all of which are specifically incorporated herein by reference. 
     
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    This invention relates to cut and puncture resistant materials for garments. This invention is intended for use with wetsuits (like neoprene or nylon) for water activities, but said invention may prove useful wherever puncture and cut resistant material that is also elastic is used. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0003]    There are currently numerous “wet” suits worn by water sports enthusiasts. Some are made of elastic materials like nylon to reduce the body&#39;s natural “drag” against the water, such as used by Olympic swimmers. Others are made of elastic materials like nylon by surfers for the purpose of providing a thin level of rash protection from contact with the surfing equipment. Some are made from insulating materials like neoprene which provide thermal insulation for those participating in colder waters. 
         [0004]    In order for these garments to work effectively, they must stretch and cling to the wearer. In order for these garments to be desired by enthusiasts (and actually be worn) they must allow for a high level of mobility, which again requires a high level of stretch and elasticity. 
         [0005]    Current wetsuits do provide for simple rash protection or thermal insulation, but are not designed to resist puncture, cutting, or tearing, such as may be received from impacts with sharp rocks or reefs, or from shark bites. Many fatalities from shark bites result not from blunt force trauma or drowning induced by the shark, but rather from the deep puncture and cutting of tissue from the shark&#39;s razor sharp teeth. Some dive shops do offer chain mail garments designed to be worn over wetsuits or rash guards. These garments function when engaged in slow deliberate movements like SCUBA diving. However, these suits are too oversized, bulky, heavy, and burdensome for those participating in vigorous water sports like swimming or surfing. 
         [0006]    So, manufacturers of wet suits for vigorous water sports have long sought a means to effectively protect the wearer from cutting, puncture, and tearing in a garment that remains highly elastic and form fitting. 
         [0007]    There are essentially four “groups” of related art that should be discussed in detail. The first group of references is related to wet suits or thermal suits for diving, which do not significantly protect the wearer from cutting or puncture. The second group of references is related to suits or materials with small rigid elements or platelets designed for protection from fire, knife stabbing, or high velocity punctures (such as bullets). These materials are generally not designed to expand and contract, as such a property would be deleterious to their intended use (by allowing gaps between individual platelets to form during expansion of the base material, which may defeat the protection altogether). The third group is references contain materials designed primarily for the medical profession, in the form of gloves and various materials, to prevent accidental needle sticks and scalpel cuts. These materials are generally not intended for full suits or for vigorous water activities. The fourth group of references is related to suits or materials specifically for shark bite protection, with materials ranging from chain mail to spiked outfits. All of the groups of referenced related art have serious limitations for use, which explains why they are not used by water sports enthusiasts currently. 
         [0008]    Group one depicts thermal protection suits that do not possess significant cutting or puncture resistance. U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,749,551 and 2,981,954, issued to Garbellano, depict such underwater thermal suits. Garbellano&#39;s suits are designed primarily for thermal insulation, and do not possess significant cutting or tearing resistance other than that afforded by the neoprene and fabric itself. U.S. Pat. No. 4,710,978, issued to Pankopf, discloses a protective garment for water activities. The suit is designed for ease of wearing, not to protect against biting or cutting. U.S. Pat. No. 6,519,774, issued to Mitchell, discloses a scuba wet suit with constant buoyancy. It includes a plurality of rigid-wall containers, supported by at least one support layer, which are designed to provide insulation and buoyancy. These containers, and their support layer(s), do not provide protection against shark bites or reefs. U.S. Pat. No. 5,660,572, issued to Buck, discloses a floatation fabric and life preserver made therefrom. The floatation fabric is composed of two opposed layers of water-permeable, flexible, woven or knitted material. Sandwiched between the layers are small particles, pellets or beats of closed cell foam plastic material, which give the fabric its buoyancy. Buck&#39;s patent is designed for floatation, not for shark attack prevention. 
         [0009]    Group two depicts suits or materials designed for knife stabbing or high velocity bullet protection. U.S. Pat. No. 3,398,406, issued to Waterbury, is designed to be buoyant and to repel bullets. The material from which to construct the suit, however, is not well-defined (cellular plastic with submicron metallic particles at the molecular level), and the suit would appear to have limited flexibility and expansive characteristics due to a base of semi-rigid plastic. U.S. Pat. No. 2,819,759, issued to Goodloe; U.S. Pat. No. 3,813,281, issued to Burgess, et al; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,515,541, issued to Sacks and Jones, suggest plates affixed to a flexible, yet preferably non-elastic base. The non-elastic nature of the base material provides for flexibility but eliminates the clinging elastic properties required for vigorous water sports. Finally, U.S. Pat. No. 5,511,241, issued to Zieglar, depicts a chain mail glove impregnated with neoprene. Infusing flexible metal with rubber renders the composite material substantially inflexible and inelastic, because the elastic neoprene material would bond to virtually all of the steel ring surfaces. All of these referenced suits or materials seem to possess a significant degree of flexibility, but lack a significant level of elasticity. 
         [0010]    The third group features many designs of materials and garments designed to protect the skin, especially professionals in the medical field from accidental needle sticks or scalpel cuts. These materials are not generally intended for complete suits or for use in the water. The arrays of tiny platelets in U.S. Pat. No. 4,951,689, issued to Jones; U.S. Pat. No. 5,200,263, issued to Gould and Nichols; U.S. Pat. No. 5,368,930, issued to Samples; U.S. Pat. No. 5,601,895, issued to Cunningham; U.S. Pat. No. 5,953,751, issued to Kobren; and U.S. Pat. No. 6,519,774, issued to Kim, are small and smooth faced. Teeth from a shaking shark bite would likely slide over the smooth faced platelets and find their way in between them. The woven metals or woven aramid fibers of U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,779,290 and 4,833,733, issued to Welch and Dombrowski; U.S. Pat. No. 4,742,578, issued to Seid; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,070,540, issued to Bettcher and Bettcher, are flexible, but inelastic, and would prevent high degrees of elasticity and mobility required by water sports enthusiasts. U.S. Pat. No. 4,526,828, issued to Foot, et al, discloses a protective, cut-resistant material for use in articles of apparel. Such material, however, would not guard against shark bites. 
         [0011]    The final group discloses suits specifically designed for protection while engaged in water activities. U.S. Pat. No. 3,284,806, issued to Prasser, depicts a thermal rubber wetsuit with impregnated steel mesh or a plurality of “intermeshed” rings to form an “interlinked fabric.” This design is similar in limitations to Ziegler, wherein the infusing of flexible metal with rubber renders the composite material as substantially less flexible and inelastic. This is because the elastic neoprene material would bond to virtually all of the inelastic steel surfaces. U.S. Pat. No. 4,356,569, issued to Sullivan, suggests chain mail with large steel plates. This suit is limited by non-clinging or form-fitting steel chain mail, with plates of steel strapped to the outside. This entire arrangement would be very difficult to efficiently maneuver through the water. Further, this arrangement would be prohibitively expensive and cumbersome to manufacture in requiring tailoring to the many different sizes and shapes of people. U.S. Pat. No. 4,602,384, issued to Schneider, and U.S. Pat. No. 4,833,729, issued to Fox, both suggest elements on the outside of the suits (spikes or repulsive chemical sacs) to deter shark attacks. Due to gear entanglement issues and the outrageous appearance of the suits, neither product would likely be considered by someone involved in vigorous water sports. French Patent No. 2819151, issued to Daniel and Olivier, discloses a protective suit. It does not however solve critical issues whereby an extensive cross section of surface area is connected from protective elements to the elastic elements, which renders that same cross section of elastic material as inelastic, does not provide adequate protection when the elastic material is elongated, the protective elements are defined as non-deformable bands (i.e. rigid, which creates a much less flexible and pliable composite material) and finally the protective layers are externally exposed, which allows these layers to both snag on equipment and create significant water drag. 
         [0012]    In conclusion, the present invention seeks to remedy the following several critical problems in the referenced patents: 
         [0013]    (a) They attempt 100% solutions to a protection problem, providing so much protection that ultimate mobility and manufacturing costs are compromised. This results in garments that are not either not purchased or not worn. 
         [0014]    (b) Some suits offer only thermal or rash protection, and offer little to no protection from cuts or punctures such as may be imposed by a shark bite or a sharp rock or reef. 
         [0015]    (c) The referenced platelet designs have problems in that: 1) they are mounted to bases that are flexible but preferred as non elastic, which prevents both the clinging form fitting nature and high degrees of mobility and 2) they propose small, rigid, smooth faced individual plates, which would not prevent teeth in a shaking shark bite to slide in between platelets. 
         [0016]    (d) The chainmail, chainmail and metal plate, neoprene infused chainmail, and steel mesh designs are limited in that they are 1) heavy, 2) expensive to manufacture, and 3) they do not allow free expansion and contraction (they are limited to the designed expansion of the interconnected metal elements of the chainmail or steel mesh). Currently available chainmail suits for water activities are manufactured oversized to allow donning and doffing. The excess material is bound up with additional straps and rubber bands (creating significant water drag). These suits are generally acceptable for slow deliberate movements like scuba diving, but impractical for vigorous sports like surfing or swimming. 
         [0017]    (e) The spike and chemical sac suits both suffer from an expensive manufacture process, likely entanglements of other gear or equipment (like scuba gear), imposed difficulty in the wearer&#39;s movement (swimming, surfing, etc.), large amounts of drag when moving through the water, and an appearance that would discourage use by water sports enthusiasts. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0018]    The present invention is generally directed to a composite material in which a plurality of protective elements are held such that they comprise substantially all of a fabric material that retains an elastic property such that it can freely expand and contract without substantial restriction and such that the material can be used to make a water garment for wearing over a torso of a person in a body of water. The protective elements can be inelastic with a diameter of approximately ¾ of an inch or more. 
         [0019]    The composite material can be made of an elastic material and a second layer of material (which may also be elastic) connected to the elastic material with multiple connections in such a manner as to restrain each of the protective elements within a pocket while neither the elastic material nor the second layer of material is attached directly to the protective elements. 
         [0020]    The composite material can also be made of a layer of elastic threads while the protective elements are connected to and cover substantially all of the layer of elastic threads and the protective elements are not connected to each other. 
         [0021]    The composite material can also be made of a layer of protective elements connected together by elastic connections at multiple perimeter points so that the protective elements can freely expand and contract without substantial restriction due to gaps formed between the plurality of protective elements. 
         [0022]    Accordingly, it is a primary object of the present invention to provide an improved composite material that can be used to make a water garment for wearing over a torso of a person in a body of water. 
         [0023]    This and further objects and advantages will be apparent to those skilled in the art in connection with the drawings and the detailed description of the invention set forth below. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
         [0024]    In the drawing figures, closely related figures have the same number but different alphabetic suffixes. 
           [0025]      FIG. 1  depicts a complete wet suit garment made from the composite protective material, with a flap exposing the protective layer underneath a layer of elastic cover material. 
           [0026]      FIG. 2  shows the material in a perspective view with layers pulled up to expose the layers beneath. There is a layer of expandable base material, a layer of elastic material to attach the offset protective elements on either side, and an exterior layer of elastic material to cover the platelets. 
           [0027]      FIG. 3   a  depicts the preferred embodiment of a flexible protective element platelet comprised of a layer of high strength material (nylon web, aramid cloth, steel mesh, etc.) heat and pressure fused between two outside layers of plastic (i.e., polyethylene terephthalate [PET] or Mylar).  FIG. 3   b  depicts this platelet in cross section, and  FIG. 3   c  is an exploded view. 
           [0028]      FIG. 4   a  depicts individual non-expansive protective element platelets point-attached to the elastic base material, with dimension lines showing the amount of elastic area in a linear format. 
           [0029]      FIG. 4   b  depicts the same line of platelets with continuous attachment to the elastic base (not part of the invention). This figure also depicts the linear area remaining that is still elastic. 
           [0030]      FIG. 5   a  depicts a cross section of the material in cross section in a relaxed state.  FIG. 5   b  shows the same cross section in an expanded state. 
           [0031]      FIG. 6   a  depicts a single shark tooth in initial contact with the protective materials, with a representation of the tooth point&#39;s surface area. 
           [0032]      FIG. 6   b  depicts a single shark tooth depressed halfway into the material with flexible protective elements yielding to the form of the tooth. There is also representation of the linear area of surface contact between the tooth and the protective layer. 
           [0033]      FIGS. 7   a  and  7   b  depict a shark tooth with serrations reacting to the high strength fibers of the protective element.  FIG. 7   b  depicts a magnified view of the serrations catching on the threads of the high-strength fibers. 
           [0034]      FIG. 9   a  depicts a rigid protective element platelet design with a jagged surface.  FIG. 9   b  depicts this same platelet in cross section.  FIG. 9   c  depicts an alternate rigid platelet design with hole perforations, and  FIG. 9   d  depicts this same platelet in cross section. 
           [0035]      FIG. 10   a  depicts the operation of rigid smooth-faced platelets in contact with a shark&#39;s tooth under the operation of a bite (downward pressure and side-to-side shaking).  FIG. 10   b  depicts a jagged surface of a rigid platelet capturing the tooth during side-to-side shaking. 
           [0036]      FIGS. 11   a  through  11   f  depict multiple arrangements of protective element shapes, both in overlapping and non-overlapping arrangements. 
           [0037]      FIG. 12   a  depicts a “Z”-shaped, protective-element platelet that overlaps other platelets, thus allowing for expansion and contraction without opening gaps in the system.  FIG. 12   b  depicts the same arrangement in cross section. 
           [0038]      FIG. 13   a  depicts a perspective view of flat, overlapped, protective-element platelets in a rectangular shape.  FIG. 13   b  depicts a cross section of this same material. 
           [0039]      FIG. 14   a  depicts a “pocket”-type arrangement where the protective-element platelets are not attached in any way to the elastic covering materials. Rather, the exterior elastic layers are connected to form pockets to hold the platelets inside the pockets.  FIG. 14   b  depicts a cross section of this same material. 
           [0040]      FIG. 15  depicts an alternative embodiment of the protective element as a panel of knitted, high-strength, fiber cloth joined only at panel seams to a layer of elastic base material. 
           [0041]      FIGS. 16   a  and  16   b  depict an alternative embodiment of protective elements connected by a plurality of material, such as an elastic thread, or the like. 
           [0042]      FIGS. 17   a  and  17   b  depict an alternative embodiment of protective platelets with their edges connected by material, such as an elastic thread, or the like, in perspective view and sectional view, respectively. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0043]    My earlier filed application, of which this application is a continuation, notes that several objectives and advantages of my invention are the following: 
         [0044]    To provide a material to comprise a garment, that protects the wearer from cuts, punctures, and tears (such as may be imposed by a shark bite, impact with a reef, or a sharp rock). 
         [0045]    To provide a material to comprise a garment, that expands and contracts to the limit of the elastic base material, and not to the limit of interconnected protective elements as in other garments. This is achieved by both specifically not interconnecting protective element(s), and limiting or eliminating the direct connective surface area between the protective element and the elastic base material(s). In comparison, typical chain mail can only expand to the limit of the extended interconnected rings. 
         [0046]    To provide a material to comprise a garment, that while protecting the wearer, it also expands and contracts. This elastic nature which clings to the wearers contours is critical to 1) provide for easy donning and doffing, 2) provide for ease of mobility and freedom of movement of the wearer, 3) allow for potential thermal benefit if desired, 4) minimize water drag and 5) minimize gear entanglements (like scuba gear). 
         [0047]    To provide a material to comprise a garment that, while protecting the wearer and allowing free movement, does not appear very different than other garments commonly worn today (like common surfing or diving wetsuits). This allows the wearer to feel comfortable around peers engaged in similar activities, as the proposed garment does not have an outrageous appearance (like the chain mail or spiked outfits). 
         [0048]    To provide a material to comprise a garment that, while protecting the wearer and allowing free movement, is relatively inexpensive to manufacture in materials and fabrication processes. This is achieved by using standard size and spacing of protective elements (mass produced), affixed to common elastic materials (like neoprene and nylon), with simple single point attachment like button sewing or rivets. The protective elements themselves can be made from laminated high strength cloth (i.e., laminated aramid fiber cloth), which is already manufactured and commonly used in sail boat sails. 
         [0049]    In the following detailed description of various embodiments of the invention, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of various aspects of one or more embodiments of the invention. However, one or more embodiments of the invention may be practiced without many of these specific details. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, and/or components have not been described in detail so as not to unnecessarily obscure novel aspects of the various embodiments of the invention. 
         [0050]    In the Figures and the following description, numeral designations indicate various features, with like numeral designations referring to like features throughout both the drawings and the description. Although the Figures are described in greater detail below, the following is a glossary of the elements identified in the Figures. 
         [0051]      20  Layer of protective elements 
         [0052]      22  Layer of elastic cover 
         [0053]      24  Elastic seaming (stitching etc.) 
         [0054]      26  Zipper opening 
         [0055]      28  Minimal protective elements 
         [0056]      30  Area of large size platelets 
         [0057]      32  Area of medium size platelets 
         [0058]      34  Area of small sized platelets 
         [0059]      36  Elastic layer 
         [0060]      40  Elastic base layer 
         [0061]      42  Point connection (i.e., stitch) 
         [0062]      50  Connection through all layers 
         [0063]      52  Continuous bond (i.e., glue) 
         [0064]      54  Dimension of elastic area 
         [0065]      56  Dimension of non-elastic area 
         [0066]      60  Knitted cloth protective elem. 
         [0067]      62  Expansive stitching 
         [0068]      64  Protective layer 
         [0069]      66  Shark Tooth 
         [0070]      68  Surface area of tooth point 
         [0071]      70  Surface area of tooth edge 
         [0072]      71  Individual tooth serration 
         [0073]      72  Layer of plastic film 
         [0074]      80  Layer of strong woven fabric 
         [0075]      82  Rigid protective platelet 
         [0076]      84  Jagged Surface 
         [0077]      86  Hole perforation 
         [0078]      90  Smooth Surface 
         [0079]      92  Round platelet 
         [0080]      94  Overlapped round platelet 
         [0081]      96  Hexagonal platelet 
         [0082]      98  Overlapped hexagonal platelet 
         [0083]      100  Triangular platelet 
         [0084]      102  Overlapped triangular platelet 
         [0085]      104  “Z” shape overlap platelet 
         [0086]      106  Flat overlapping platelet 
         [0087]      108  “Pocket”-continuous attachment 
         [0088]      110  Attachment Material (e.g., elastic thread) 
         [0089]      112  Open area 
         [0090]    Although this application is not directed to the patented inventions that have been claimed in my earlier application, it will repeat the disclosure of my earlier application for completeness and clarity, while the claims will be directed to distinct invention I am claiming in this application. 
         [0091]      FIG. 1  depicts a complete wet suit garment made from the composite protective material with a flap exposing the protective layer  20  underneath a layer of elastic cover material  22 . The elastic material is preferably neoprene or a thin nylon elastic fabric, depending on the desired thermal properties. Essentially, any elastic material either in fabric or sheets could be used for layer(s) of the material, such as rubber, nylon, silicone, etc. There is a typical closeable opening  26  (i.e., zipper, hook and eye, etc.), expansive connections (i.e., stitching, heat fusing, glue, tape, etc.) at the panel seams  24 , and the potential for panels for different sized protective element(s) within. Large sized protective elements (i.e., 3″ diameter round platelets) could be used in torso and back areas  30 , medium sized protective elements (i.e., 1 lh″ diameter round platelets) could be used in arm and leg areas  32 , and small sized protective elements (i.e., ¾″ diameter round platelets) could be used in high mobility areas like elbows and knees  34 . Areas of contact and chaffing  28 , like arm pits and groin, could have no protective element. The elastic cover layer  22  is preferred to render the complete garment as close in appearance to existing garments as possible, to reduce water drag on exposed protective elements, and to prevent snagging between the individual protective elements and gear (i.e., scuba gear). 
         [0092]      FIG. 2  shows a piece of the material in a perspective view with layers pulled up to expose the elastic layers and protective elements within. There is one layer of expandable base material  40 , a layer of elastic material  36  to attach the protective elements  38  on either side, and an additional exterior layer of elastic material  36  to cover the protective elements  38 . 
         [0093]      FIG. 3   a  depicts the preferred embodiment of an individual protective element, comprised of a layer of high-strength, fiber cloth  80 , attached (glued, heat fused, etc.) between two outside layers of plastic  72  such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET).  FIG. 3   b  depicts this same platelet in cross section, and  FIG. 3   c  is an exploded view. The critical purpose of the outside layers of plastic is to keep the high strength material flat and expanded in whatever shape it is (i.e., circular), so that it will not roll up or fold between the layers of the elastic base and covering when those layers are expanding and contracting. Also, the plastic serves to keep the edges of high strength (cloth) materials from unraveling. 
         [0094]      FIG. 4   a  depicts the individual, non-expansive, protective elements  38  point-attached  42  to the elastic base material  36 , with dimension lines showing the amount of relative elastic area  54  in a linear format. The point-attachment  42  allows for virtually all of the linear area of the elastic material  36  to remain elastic. 
         [0095]      FIG. 4   b  (shown only for reference, not part of this invention) depicts the same line of protective elements  38  with continuous attachment  52  to the elastic base  36 . This figure also depicts the linear area remaining that is still elastic  54 , and also shows the extensive area that is rendered as non-elastic  56  due to its continuous connection  52  to a non-elastic protective element  38 . The sum total of elastic area  54  in  FIG. 4   a  is substantially larger than the sum total of elastic area  54  in  FIG. 4   b . In  FIG. 4   a , the point-connectivity between the elastic base  36  and protective element  38  renders a mostly elastic surface. The protective portion  38  of the inelastic layer  56  reduces the elasticity of the surrounding areas in  FIG. 4   b.    
         [0096]      FIG. 5   a  depicts this same material in cross section in a relaxed state. Three layers of elastic material  36  surround two layers of protective platelets  38 . The protective element  38  layers are offset to one another to provide greater protection through the section. The protective elements  38  are point-attached  42  (i.e., button stitch, glue, rivet, etc.) to the elastic layers. The point-attachment minimizes the area of connectivity between the layers, leading to greater elasticity. 
         [0097]      FIG. 5   b  shows the same cross section in an expanded, stretched state. Even though the elastic materials  36  have expanded, the protective elements  38  have not expanded, nor have the protective elements  38  limited the expansion of the base materials  36 , due to the point only attachment. Also, with the protective element  38  layers offset to one another, one layer of protective elements will cover the gaps opened by the other layer of protective elements during expansion. It is also possible to connect all the layers together via a connection attachment  50  (i.e., stitch, glue, rivet, etc.) without limiting the elasticity of the composite material. This helps create a consistent and interrelated composite material. 
         [0098]      FIG. 6   a  depicts a single shark tooth  66  in initial contact with the protective materials  64 , with a representation of the tooth point&#39;s surface area  68 . The area of impact  68  in  FIG. 6   a  is extremely small. Therefore, if the pressure of the bite were 60 pounds per square inch (PSI) with a single tooth, and the point of the tooth is 1/30‘x’ of an inch, the relative puncture pressure on the small area of the protective element would be 1,800 PSI. 
         [0099]      FIG. 6   b  depicts a flexible protective element  64  yielding to the shape of the shark tooth  66 , dramatically increasing the surface area between a single tooth  66  and the protective element  64 . As the surface area of contact  70  with the tooth  66  increases, the relative puncture pressure on the protective element dramatically decreases. If the surface area  70  represented in  FIG. 6   b  were ⅙‘t’ of an inch, the same 60 PSI bite would yield a relative puncture pressure of a single tooth at 360 PSI, across the larger surface area. 
         [0100]      FIG. 7   a  depicts a shark tooth  66  with serrations  71  reacting to the high-strength fibers  80  of the protective element  64 . The serrated nature of the tooth snagging on the fibers  80  has not only prevented the tooth from puncturing through the material  64 , it has also prevented the tooth from sliding back and forth on the surface of the material  64 , keeping it from pressing in between protective elements or slicing their surface. 
         [0101]      FIG. 7   b  depicts a magnified view of the serrations  71  catching on the fibers of the high strength material  80 . 
         [0102]      FIG. 9   a  depicts an alternative embodiment of a (semi) rigid protective element  82 . These (semi) rigid protective elements may be desired to limit blunt force trauma for certain garments. It is critical that these protective elements have some sort of jagged, perforated, “snagging” material on the surface of the rigid protective element (like hook and eye, wire mesh, softer material, etc.) or other non-smooth surface  84  to prevent a sliding action of the tooth. A typical shark bite includes a downward pressure, as well as shaking from side to side. If teeth are allowed to slide over protective element faces, they will find their way in between protective elements (shown in  FIG. 10   a  below). 
         [0103]      FIG. 9   b  depicts this same protective element  82  in cross section depicting the irregular surface of the design. 
         [0104]      FIG. 9   c  depicts an alternative embodiment of a rigid, protective element platelet  82  with hole-shaped perforations  86 . 
         [0105]      FIG. 9   d  depicts this same protective element platelet  82  in cross section. 
         [0106]      FIG. 10   a  (not part of this invention, shown for reference) depicts the operation of rigid protective element platelets  82  with smooth surfaces  90  in contact with a shark&#39;s tooth under the operation of a typical bite (downward pressure and side to side shaking). This figure illustrates that the tooth can slide over the surface of the protective element platelet, finding its way between two protective element platelets, thus defeating the protective qualities of the platelets. 
         [0107]      FIG. 10   b  depicts an irregular surface  84  of a rigid protective element platelet  82  “capturing” the tooth point during side to side shaking, thus preventing it from simply sliding in between protective elements. 
         [0108]      FIGS. 11   a  through  11   f  depict various geometric patterns of protective element platelets in exposed and overlapping configurations, which can be utilized for style or ease of manufacturing. The actual shape of the protective element platelets could be in many different forms or variations.  FIG. 11   a  depicts the surface of material with round protective element platelets  92 ,  FIG. 11   b  with round overlapping protective element platelets  94 .  FIG. 11   c  depicts the surface of material with hexagonal protective element platelets  96 ,  FIG. 11   d  with overlapping hexagonal protective element platelets  98 .  FIG. 11   e  depicts the surface of material with triangular protective element platelets  100 ,  FIG. 11   f  with overlapping triangular protective element platelets  102 . 
         [0109]      FIG. 12   a  depicts an alternative embodiment of protective element platelets, in rectangular “Z”-shaped, protective element platelets  104  that overlap other protective element platelets  104 , thus allowing for expansion and contraction without opening gaps in the system. 
         [0110]      FIG. 12   b  depicts the same arrangement of rectangular “Z” shaped protective element platelets  104  that overlap one another in a flat plane, affixed with point connections  42 , to an elastic base  36 , in cross section. 
         [0111]      FIG. 13   a  depicts an alternative embodiment, in a perspective view of flat, overlapped protective element platelets  106  in a rectangular shape, affixed to layers of elastic materials  36 . FIG. l 3   b  depicts a cross section of this same material of flat overlapped protective element platelets  106 , affixed to layers of elastic materials  36  with point connections  42 . 
         [0112]      FIG. 14   a  depicts an alternative embodiment where the elastic materials  36  are connected together  50  in such a fashion as to create “pockets”  108  to hold the protective element platelets  38  within the pockets  108 , in relative position to each other across the plane of elastic material. 
         [0000]    In this embodiment there is no direct attachment whatsoever from the protective element platelets  38  to the elastic material  36 . 
         [0113]      FIG. 15  depicts an alternative embodiment of the protective material with a large protective element of knitted high strength material, like knitted aramid fibers  60  and a layer of elastic base material  36 , connected together only at panel seams with an elastic attachment  62  (i.e., stitching, glue, fusing, etc.). This embodiment also minimizes connective area between the elastic material and the protective element, by only connecting the materials at the panel seams  62 . 
         [0114]      FIG. 16   a  depicts a frontal view of an alternative embodiment of platelets  38 , connected via a plurality of individual elastic threads  110  to the elastic material  112 . 
         [0115]      FIG. 16   b  depicts a rear view of an alternate embodiment of platelets  38  connected via individual elastic threads  110  to the elastic material  112 . 
         [0116]      FIG. 17   a  depicts a perspective view of an alternative embodiment of platelets  38  with elastic connections  110  at the outside edge of the platelets. 
         [0117]      FIG. 17   b  depicts a section of this arrangement of protective platelets  38  with elastic connections  110  at the perimeter edges, and an optional layer(s) of a covering or underlying material  36  with an elastic attachment  42  (i.e., stitching, glue, fusing, etc.). 
         [0118]    From the description above, a number of advantages of the puncture and cut resistant material become evident. 
         [0119]    This material is comfortable. It is specifically designed to be both elastic, form fitting, and light weight. A completed garment will act much like currently available elastic nylon garments or elastic neoprene garments, which means it has a high probability of actually being worn. The clinging fit reduces water drag, eliminates snagging of equipment, and allows it to worn as an undergarment. This ease of mobility would be highly sought after by water sports enthusiasts, law enforcement, military operations, etc. 
         [0120]    The material is easy to manufacture. Assembly of the material is executed with standard garment industry methods. The preferred embodiment of the material is layers of elastic nylon or neoprene, with multiple layers of high strength laminated protective elements in between. The protective elements can be made from laminating high strength cloth (i.e., aramid fiber cloth, etc.). Aramid fibers have a longstanding reputation for protection, and laminated aramid fibers have been used for decades in racing sails for boats, proving the composite protective element material&#39;s longevity. The composite layered material can be simply sewn together, or attached by any number of methods including fusing, gluing, tapes, etc. If (semi) rigid protective elements are desired, they can be attached with button-stitching, rivets, or any number of other techniques. 
         [0121]    The elastic nature of the material eliminates the need for precise tailoring to individuals. This means a certain size garment would fit a large percentage of the population, reducing costs to manufacture and distribute the garments. This same elastic nature also allows for ease of donning of the garment, in not requiring numerous holes and closures. This further simplifies the manufacturing process of garments. 
         [0122]    The completed material and garments look substantially like currently available garments. Wetsuits, rash guards, elastic nylon sport wear, etc. all appear substantially the same as the protective material. This means this protective material is likely to actually be purchased and worn. Other protective products like chain mail diving garments have an appearance not likely to be utilized by surfers or swimmers. 
         [0123]    This material lends itself to various applications. Protective elements can be thin and flexible for small shark bite protection, or the protective elements could be (semi) rigid and/or thicker for ballistic or stab protection. The elastic layers could be thin nylon for warm water, or neoprene for cold water, and there can be any number of layers. Any number of combinations are possible to fit the perceived threat or conditions. The various possible configurations of this material allow it to be adapted for water activities, law enforcement, military, etc. 
         [0124]    Accordingly, the puncture and cut resistant material is a substantial improvement from currently available technology. The material can be used in a number of applications, but would prove especially useful in relation to water activities. The material of this invention is designed to provide relatively free expansion and contraction, while also providing for protection from punctures, cutting, tearing, etc., via a plurality of protective element(s). Furthermore, the puncture and cut resistant material has additional advantages in that:
       1) the material&#39;s construction permits the wearer to move freely and vigorously, while maintaining a substantial level of protection;   2) the material&#39;s smooth exterior surface reduces water drag, and prevents snagging on gear or outerwear;   3) the material allows for a relatively simple manufacturing process in that existing fabrics and existing laminated high strength fibers are combined with simple stitching or other fabric joining methods;   4) the material&#39;s elastic properties allow for garments to stretch to fit the wearer, thus eliminating the need for custom tailoring or numerous openings and closures to properly fit a wide range of different wearers;   5) its finished appearance is substantially the same as other materials currently used in garments, allowing users to wear the improved garments with being subjected to an unpleasing appearance;   6) the material&#39;s construction allows for a wide range of application, utilizing a few layers of protective elements or many, utilizing thin flexible protective elements or thicker (semi) rigid protective elements, thus being adaptable to various perceived threats or conditions.       
 
         [0131]    Although the description above contains much specificity, the specific details provided should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, but as merely providing illustrations of some of the presently preferred embodiments of this invention. For example, the elastic materials could be many different materials, thicknesses, configurations, weaves, knits, etc. The protective elements can be made from flexible high strength materials like aramid fibers, nylon fibers, steel mesh, plastic (i.e., high density polyethylene etc.), etc., or from (semi) rigid materials like steel, aluminum, plastic (thicker layers), etc. The protective elements can also be made from any number of composite assemblies, like carbon fiber, laminated aramid cloth, rubber infused with steel mesh, etc. The minimal attachment of the protective elements can be accomplished by button stitching, rivets, pocket sewing, panel sewing, adhesive, etc. Finally, the assembly of the material can be from any number of layers of elastic materials, layers of protective elements, and various means to connect the layers (i.e., stitching, riveting, adhesives, heat fusing, tapes, etc. 
         [0132]    Thus, the scope of the invention should be determined by the appended claims and their legal equivalents, rather than by the examples given.