Abstract:
An artificial surfing facility for producing a standing wave, with an inclined ramp, to the upper end of which water is conveyed by at least one pump and at the lower end of which the water discharges into a wave pool. A standing wave is easily attained by there being an adjustable guide device in the wave pool at a distance from the bottom end of the ramp in the flow direction as a wave initiator. The wave pool, during operation of at least one pump, has a liquid level which is located above the liquid level of a main pool which surrounds the wave pool and the amount of water in the wave pool offers a defined resistance to the water flowing down the ramp so that the formation and height of the standing wave are influenced by the change of the flow velocity.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0001]    1. Field of the Invention 
         [0002]    The invention relates to a transportable or fixed artificial surfing facility for producing a standing wave with an inclined ramp to whose upper end water is conveyed over a flow section by means of at least one pump and whose lower end discharges the water into a wave pool. 
         [0003]    2. Description of Related Art 
         [0004]    A surfing facility of the type indicated above is known from U.S. Pat. No. 6,019,547. In it, the water flows down a fixed inclined plane and strikes two stationary flow-shaping elements that are arranged spaced apart from one another in succession and produce a standing wave on a rising flank of the second element. Fixed internals mean increased cost and offer less variability with respect to the shape and height of the resulting wave. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0005]    The object of the invention is to devise an artificial surfing facility by means of which standing waves of various shape and height can be produced. 
         [0006]    This object is achieved by a surfing facility in which there is an adjustable guide device in the wave pool at a distance from the bottom end of the ramp in the flow direction, the wave pool during operation of at least one pump having a liquid level which is located above the liquid level of a main pool which surrounds the wave pool and the amount of water in the wave pool offering a defined resistance to the water flowing down the ramp so that the formation and height of the standing wave are influenced by the change of the flow velocity. 
         [0007]    In accordance with the invention, a standing wave is produced by the inclined plane in the form of a ramp being connected at its upper end to a flow section which makes the flow uniform and its bottom end is supported in a wave pool. The standing wave in the surfing facility in accordance with the invention is produced by the water flowing rapidly down the ramp being routed via at least one adjustable guide device which is located at a distance from the bottom end of the ramp in the flow direction. The wave height is also influenced by the water flowing rapidly down the ramp striking a defined mass of relatively more slowly flowing water in the wave pool and in this way being forced up. A standing wave is formed by the resulting change of the flow velocity. 
         [0008]    The water level in the wave pool is preferably adjustable by an adjustable overflow. This water level also influences a backflow which flows back to the wave on the back of the wave on the bottom of the wave pool, and at the same time, influences the formation of the wave. 
         [0009]    It is advantageously provided that several pump units located next to one another are upstream of the flow section. The flow section constitutes a relatively large reservoir which homogenizes the amount of water which has been delivered by the different pump units. In this way, at a smaller water demand, to produce a lower wave which is suitable for beginning surfers, for example, individual pumps can also be throttled in their delivery rate or turned completely off without this leading to a different layer thickness of the water flow, viewed over the width of the ramp. 
         [0010]    The side walls of the flow section and likewise also the side walls in the region of the ramp can optionally be arranged preferably to form a constriction to whose width preferably the wave pool, with side walls which can be moved relative to one another, can also be adapted. In addition to regulating the amount of water delivery, this yields further possibilities of influencing the standing wave. Thus, adaptation of its height for various performance levels of the surfer is also possible. 
         [0011]    In a mobile surfing facility with a limited amount of circulating water, it is especially advantageous if the wave pool, the pump chambers, and the collecting space are surrounded by a main pool. Separation of the wave pool which is located higher than the main pool, moreover, ensures that only a defined mass of water—specifically that in the wave pool—forms the resistance for the water flowing down the ramp. Formation of the standing wave can thus be computed much better and can be more uniquely reproduced. 
         [0012]    Preferably, each of the several pump units is provided with a respective pump which intakes water out of the main pool and delivers it to the flow section upstream of the ramp. To regulate the total amount of water delivered to the flow section, the delivery rate of the pumps can preferably be adjusted and/or several pumps can be turned on and off individually or in groups. 
         [0013]    The guide device, according to a first embodiment, is formed by a guide profile which can preferably be changed not only in its angle of incidence with respect to the flow, but also in its distance relative to the lower end of the ramp. Optionally, the length of the guide profile can also be changed by parts which can be telescoped relative to one another. 
         [0014]    It is especially preferably provided that the guide profile be divided into several adjacent guide profiles over the width of the wave pool. The several adjacent guide profiles can be arranged transversely or obliquely relative to the flow at various positions along the length and/or over the width of the wave pool to influence the shape of the wave. This arrangement at different positions is facilitated by there being several holding device or guides for attachment, or preferably for movable support, of the guide profiles on the bottom of the wave pool. 
         [0015]    The guide profiles are pivoted in the region of their front edges and their rear edge can be displaced by means of an adjusting mechanism. The adjusting mechanism can be formed, for example, by a pneumatic cylinder. 
         [0016]    In one version, the guide profiles are supported to float freely at least in one part of their pivoting region. Here, for example, by means of an adjusting mechanism a first raising motion of the rear edge takes place and the remainder of the raising motion arises as a result of the flow-induced negative pressure on the top of the guide profiles. A limitation, for example, in the form of an adjustable belt which is preferably located between the rear edge of the guide profile and the bottom of the wave pool can usefully limit the maximum raising angle so that sudden chopping of the flow and collapsing of the wave do not occur. In contrast to the relatively large wave-shaping bodies located near the water surface in the initially named prior art, the end profile is not located in the region of the standing wave ridden by the surfers, but in the bottom region of the wave pool so that fall-induced injuries cannot be caused by this part. 
         [0017]    Another adjustment possibility for the wave can be formed by the height of the upper bearing of the ramp together with the flow section being displaceable by means of an adjusting mechanism. 
         [0018]    Finally, the wave can also be advantageously influenced by the water level in the wave pool being adjustable by an overflow which is preferably adjustable by means of an adjusting mechanism on its rear wall which is downstream from the lower end of the ramp, from where the water flows back into the main pool. The backflow eddy which arises by this back-pressure on the back makes it easier for a surfer who has fallen off the board to stand in the region of the wave pool downstream of the wave and to climb out of the wave pool. 
         [0019]    Exemplary embodiments of the surfing facility in accordance with the invention are explained in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0020]      FIG. 1  shows a schematic longitudinal section through the surfing facility with the pumps turned off; 
           [0021]      FIG. 2  shows a schematic longitudinal section through the surfing facility with the pumps turned on; 
           [0022]      FIG. 3  shows a schematic top view of the surfing facility; 
           [0023]      FIG. 4  shows a first arrangement of several guide devices which are aligned transversely to the flow on a line; 
           [0024]      FIG. 5  shows a second arrangement of several guide devices which is aligned transversely to the flow offset to one another; 
           [0025]      FIG. 6  shows a third arrangement of several guide devices which are aligned obliquely to the flow; and 
           [0026]      FIG. 7  shows a version in which the guide devices are formed by nozzles or nozzle strips. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0027]    The figures are purely schematic and should in no case be regarded as to scale. The surfing facility  10  shown in  FIGS. 1 to 3  is formed by a trough-shaped main pool  20  which holds all other components and keeps the water necessary for operation of the surfing facility  10  in a closed circuit. Within the main pool  20 , opposite its bottom, is a wave pool  30  elevated on supports  32 . The wave pool  30 , aside from the part of the main pool  20  which is on the left in the figures, extends over most of the length and width of the main pool  20  (see,  FIG. 2 ). However, as a result of the bottom  31  of the wave pool  30 , which is elevated relative to the main pool  20 , the wave pool  30  has a much lower depth. The water mass in the wave pool  30  is accordingly smaller than the total water mass of the main pool  20 . The wave pool  30 , on either side, is bordered by two side walls  30 , by a rear wall  34  (shown on its right side) and by a front wall  35  (shown on its left side). In the rear wall  34 , an overflow  36  is fowled via which water can flow back from the wave pool  30  into the main pool  20  (see,  FIG. 2 ). The height of the lower edge of the overflow  36  is optionally adjustable by a doubled wall part which is adjustable relative to the rear wall  34  by means of a displacement mechanism  37  so that, in this way, the height of the water level N 30  of the wave pool  30 , and thus, also the entire mass of water in the wave pool  30  can be changed. 
         [0028]    In the part of the main pool  20 , which is shown in the left part of  FIGS. 1 to 3 , into which pool the wave pool  30  does not extend, there is a pump system  40  which is composed of four pump units  41 ,  42 ,  43 , and  44  which are arranged next to one another in the transverse direction. Each of the pump units  41 ,  42 ,  43 , and  44  comprises a high performance pump  45  which delivers volumetrically, which intakes water from the bottom area of the main pool  20  and forces it up. The pump units  41 ,  42 ,  43 , and  44  are closed on three sides and on the fourth side are connected via a discharge opening  47  to a preferably horizontally arranged flow section  46  on which the water conveyed by the pump  45  is homogenized in a relatively large flow section  46  which has a length L 46 . 
         [0029]    The side of the flow section  46  facing the wave pool  30  is adjoined by the upper bearing  51  of a ramp  50  which descends obliquely down to the bottom of the wave pool  30 . Thus, the lower end  52  of the ramp  50  is in the water of the wave pool  30 . Preferably, there is a fixed arrangement of the ramp  50 . The length L 50  of the ramp  50  is roughly half as large as the length L 46  of the flow section  46 . 
         [0030]    At a distance L 55  in a downstream direction from the lower end  52  of the ramp  50 , there is at least one adjustable guide device that extends in the flow direction. The guide device is formed, according to a first embodiment, by guide profiles  54 ,  55 ,  56  which are on the bottom  31  of the wave pool  30  and have an angle of inclination with respect to the flow A which can be adjusted by means of an adjusting mechanism  58 . At least in a portion of its pivoting region, the guide profiles  54 ,  55 ,  56  can be supported to be adjustable in a freely floating and/or mechanically adjustable manner with respect to the flow. The adjusting mechanism  58  preferably comprises a pneumatic cylinder which is located between a bearing site near the bottom  31  of the wave pool  30  and a coupling near the rear edge on the bottom of the guide profile  54 ,  55 ,  56 . In an arrangement of the rear edge of the guide profile  54 ,  55 ,  56 , which arrangement is freely floating at least in the end region, the maximum raising angle A of the profile is limited, for example, by a belt attached to the bottom  31 . 
         [0031]    The guide profile  54 ,  55 ,  56  can be arranged at various different positions, and movement thereof is facilitated by there being several holding device or guides  59  on the bottom of the wave pool ( FIG. 3 ) which movably support the guide profiles  54 ,  55 ,  56 . 
         [0032]    Another possibility of influencing the amount of water and flow velocity on the ramp  50 —and thus, the shape and size of the standing wave  60 —is to arrange the side walls  461  of the flow section  46  to form a constriction in the flow direction (see items  460 ,  462  in  FIG. 3 ). Here, the side walls  501  are moved in the region of the ramp  50  such that they are matched to the constriction at the outlet of the flow section  46  in the region of the upper bearing  51  (see, items  462 ,  502  in  FIG. 3 ). Optionally, the constriction—as indicated in  FIG. 3  by items  462 ′,  502 ′—can also take place in the region of the ramp  50 . The flow section  46 , in this case, has parallel side walls  461 ′. For a constriction in the region of the flow section  46  and/or in the region of the ramp  50 , the width of the wave pool  30  is also matched thereto by relative displacement of its side walls  33 . 
         [0033]    On the overflow  36 , there is a screen  38  for safety reasons so that it is ensured that only water flows back from the wave pool  30  into the main pool  20  and individuals who fall and are entrained by the flow in the wave pool  30 , or articles lost by them, cannot be pulled into the main pool  20 , and thus, into the intake region of the pumps  45 . 
         [0034]    As  FIG. 1  shows, the region to the right and left of the wave pool  30  and on the other side of the rear wall  34  of the wave pool  30  can be crossed by footwalks  21 . The footwalks  21  are protected by railings  22  and can be reached by steps  23  on an end or side of the main pool  20 . 
         [0035]    In the resting state of the surfing facility  10 , as shown in  FIG. 1 , the total amount of water fills the main pool  20  and also the wave pool  30  located in it according to the height of the lower edge of the overflow  36 . When the surfing facility  10  is operating according to  FIG. 2 , the pumps  45  start and very quickly deliver water from the main pool  20 , via the discharge opening  47 , to the flow section  46 . From there, water flows onto the ramp  50  and with increasing speed and decreasing layer thickness down to the lower end  52  of the ramp  50 . On the lower end  52 , this fast flowing water strikes the water which is at rest relative to it in the wave pool  30 . The water flowing down the ramp  50  is shaped by the guide profiles  54 ,  55 ,  56 , which are used as wave initiators, supported by the inert mass of the almost standing water in the wave pool  30 , upwardly into a standing wave  60  which is established in the wave pool  30  as a stationary state, and which thus forms a surfable wave. From the wave pool  30 , the water flows through the screen  38  via the overflow  36  back into the main pool  20  and is again taken in there by the pumps  45  on the opposite face side of the main pool  20 . The rear wall  34  of the wave pool  30  which houses the screen  38  is preferably made obliquely rising in the flow direction. 
         [0036]    In the simplest case, the water mass present in the wave pool  30  is dynamically formed by the operation of the pumps  45  so that a physically defined overflow edge  36  to the main pool  20  is not necessary. In the rest state of the pumps  45 , as shown in  FIG. 1 , the water level in the wave pool  30  corresponds to the water level in the main pool  20 . As soon as the pumps  45  intake water from the main pool  20  and deliver it via the flow section  46  and the ramp  50  into the wave pool  30 , the level N 20  of the water in the main pool  20  drops distinctly below the level N 30  of the water in the wave pool  30  so that, in any case, a defined overflow into the main pool  20  takes place. The water is delivered in a closed circuit from the main pool  20  into the wave pool  30  from where it runs back into the main pool  20 . 
         [0037]    The invention can be implemented on a mobile facility which has roughly the following dimensions and values: The main pool  20  is roughly 25 to 30 m long and roughly 12 m wide. The height of the water in the main pool  20  in the rest state of the pumps  45  is roughly 1.80 m. The wave pool  30  is roughly 20 to 25 m long and roughly 6 to 8 m wide. The bottom  31  of the wave pool  30  is roughly 1.50 m above the bottom of the main pool  20 . The water height in the wave pool  30  is thus roughly 0.20 to 0.30 m in the rest state. In operation, the height of the water in the wave pool  30  upstream of the wave  60  is roughly 0.30 to 0.40 m and downstream of the wave  60  roughly 0.80 m. The ramp  50 , in the narrowed state of the flow section  46 , has a width of roughly 6.5 m. The layer thickness of the water flowing down on the ramp  50 , depending on the set delivery rate of the pumps  45 , is roughly between 0.50 m and 0.80 m. The flow velocity of the water on the lower end of the ramp  50  is up to 4.5 m/s. According to the increasing speed of the water when flowing down the ramp, its layer thickness decreases downward. The standing wave  60  reaches a height of roughly 1 m here. 
         [0038]    For the mobility of the surfing facility  10 , it is advantageous if at least parts of it, such as, for example, the pump units  41 ,  42 ,  43 ,  44  are formed by containers with standard dimensions, of which optionally several are connected to one another by interposed seals. 
         [0039]    The pump system  40  has a total height of roughly 2.80 m. The four pump units  41 ,  42 ,  43 ,  44  have a width of 2 m each. Each pump delivers roughly 2 m 3  of water per second. The width of the flow section  46  tapers in its width between the inlet from the pump units  41 ,  42 ,  43 ,  44  and the upper end of the ramp  50  from 8 m to roughly 6.5 m. The length L 46  of the flow section  46  is roughly 6 m. 
         [0040]    The ramp has a length L 50  of roughly 3 m to 3.5 m. The height difference between the top end  51  and the bottom end  52  of the ramp is roughly 0.30 m to 0.60 m. 
         [0041]    The bottom end  52  of the ramp  50  is adjoined by the space in the wave pool  30  in which the standing wave  60  forms. The latter, in front of the guide profiles  54 ,  55 ,  56 , has a length L 55  of roughly 2 m and behind them a length L 34  of roughly 3 to 4 m. At a length of roughly 3 to 4 m, a rear wall  34 , in which the overflow  36  and the screen  38  are located, rises obliquely rearward. The guide profiles  54 ,  55 ,  56 , themselves, have a length of roughly 25 cm. 
         [0042]      FIGS. 4 to 6  show three examples for a wave shape  61  which can be achieved by different arrangements of the guide profiles  54 ,  55 ,  56 . The wave shape  61  reproduces schematically the crest of the arising wave  60  in a top view. 
         [0043]    In  FIG. 4 , all three guide profiles  54 ,  55 ,  56  are parallel to one another in a line. The wave crest which is formed in the wave pool  30 , accordingly, is perpendicular to the flow direction or to the side walls  33 . 
         [0044]    In  FIG. 5 , the middle guide profile  55  is somewhat farther away from the lower end  52  of the ramp  50  than the two outer guide profiles  54 ,  56 . The shape of the wave thus assumes the illustrated curved wave shape  61 ′ with a bulge in the flow direction in the middle region. When surfing on such a wave relative acceleration when travelling toward the middle and relative deceleration when travelling from the middle to the outside take place. 
         [0045]    In  FIG. 6 , all three guide profiles  54 ,  55 ,  56  are parallel to one another on a line which is at an oblique angle relative to the flow direction or to the side walls  33 . The wave shape  61 ″ which result follows this angle and when surfing causes relative acceleration when travelling in the direction to the right guide profile  54  and relative deceleration when travelling in the opposite direction. 
         [0046]    The illustrated examples constitute only a small selection of possible wave shapes  61  which can be produced. More or less than the three illustrated guide profiles are also possible so that a host of wave shapes  61  is possible beyond the illustrated examples such as partially straight and/or partially sloped arrangement and/or arrangement partially offset to one another. 
         [0047]    The guide profiles  54 ,  55 ,  56  can optionally be telescopically adjusted in their width. This can be easily achieved by an at least partial double wall, on at least one of the wall parts there being guide means for relative displacement of the other wall part. 
         [0048]    For changing the flow width, when the side walls  461  can be moved in the region of the flow section  46 , the side walls  501  in the region of the ramp  50  and the side walls  33  in the region of the wave pool  30 , the side walls  461 ,  501  and possibly also the front wall  34  of the wave pool  30  are advantageously made variable in their length by telescoping. The principle of a wall which can be telescopically lengthened is known, for example, from baking sheets or baking forms of variable size (see for example DE 299 17 103 U1, DE 94 00 662 U1, or DE 88 05 174 U1) and therefore will not be explained in detail. 
         [0049]    Instead of the guide profiles  54 ,  55 ,  56  or in addition to them, for promotion of the formation of a standing wave  60 , nozzles  71  can also be used as guide devices which are arranged either on the guide profiles  54 ,  55 ,  56  or as shown in  FIG. 7  on nozzle strips  70  which are preferably pivotally arranged on the bottom  31  of the wave pool  30 . The nozzles  71  are fed by one or more pumps  72  which can be controlled or adjusted in their delivery, which intake water from the main pool  20  and which deliver it to the nozzles  71  at a high pressure which can be varied by means of the pump delivery. The water jet which is emerging from the nozzles and which has a vertical component relative to the main flow in the wave pool  30  promotes the formation of the wave  60  in a manner similar to the guide profiles  54 ,  55 ,  56 . The nozzle strips  70  can, accordingly, be located not only on a line transversely to the main flow in the wave pool  30 , as shown in  FIG. 7 , but can also assume the arrangements or mixed forms shown in  FIGS. 5 and 6 . Due to the pivoting arrangement of the nozzles  71  or nozzle strips  70  relative to the bottom  31  of the wave pool, they can then be pointed not only vertically up, but also at any angle to the main flow—opposite to or in the direction thereof.