Abstract:
In order to improve the function and to simplify the manufacture of a cooling device for electrical or electronic components, rib-like cooling elements are positioned parallel and at a predetermined distance from one another and are connected to a base plate in heat-transmitting contact. At least two cooling elements are combined into a unitary ribbon-shaped package having a U-shaped profile in cross-section and a web portion which connects the cooling elements. The cooling elements being fixed to the base plate in corresponding longitudinal slots.

Description:
This is a divisional of applications U.S. patent, application No. 08/769,547 filed on Dec. 19, 1996, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,791,406 and U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/008,932 filed on Dec. 20, 1995, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/016,049, filed Apr. 22, 1996. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to a cooling device for electrical or electronic components, and to a method for manufacturing such a device. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     A cooling device of this type is already known (EP-A-0 483 058), having hollow bodies as cooling ribs. Its manufacture is relatively complex. 
     Another type of cooling device is known from DE-PS 25 02 472. Here, the rib-like cooling elements are made of aluminum plates, the ends of which are each pressed into parallel slots in the base plate. The slot walls have projections and indentations so that the cooling elements are firmly fixed after being pressed into the slots. The manufacture of this kind of heat sink is quite complex. 
     Furthermore, it is known from DE-PS 35 18 310 and EP-OS 0 483 058 that individual rib-like cooling elements can be fixed firmly in the base plate by pressing the intermediate web between the slots in the base plate against the wall of the cooling elements after the ends of the latter have been inserted, thereby reducing the width of the slots. It is recommended that the outer surfaces of the cooling elements, in the form either of plates or of hollow bodies, be given elevations and indentations so that the individual cooling elements can be better fixed in the base plate. 
     Moreover, it is known from DE-OS 41 06 437 to make cooling elements from thin wires. The individual wires are bent into a meander such that in-each case one and the same wire constitutes an integral part of a large number of cooling elements; here a large number of such wires is arranged one behind the other in order to form rib-like structures. The thin wires are connected to the base plate by means of a metal joint. It is also known to blow a flow of coolant from above onto the rib-shaped structure consisting of the plurality of cooling wires. 
     It is also known (EP-PS 0 123 795) that individual cooling elements of cuboid cross-section can be made by obliquely cutting them out of a block which is itself cuboid. an Milling grooves are provided in the block from both face ends in such a way that the cross-section of the work piece&#39;s remaining material is given a meandering form. Here, too, manufacture is relatively complex. 
     Further, it is known from DE-GM 92 14 061 and 93 02 754 that the cooling elements can be amalgamated into one package by joining one end of each of the cooling ribs to form a plate which, by means of a heat conducting paste, for example, is in turn in contact with the base plate comprising the electronic components such as semi-conductor elements or thyristors. 
     Furthermore it is known from U.S. Pat. No. 1, 830,375 to fit ribbon-shaped meanders to both outer surfaces of a flat hollow tube and to fix them by means of a wire spiral. 
     Finally, it is known from WO87/02443 that the base of the web portion of U-shaped profiles can be welded onto a base plate in such way that the material of the profiles alloys itself to that of the base plate. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     It is an object of the present invention to technically and functionally improve the cooling device of the class mentioned hereinabove and to simplify its manufacture. 
     According to the present invention at least two cooling elements are combined into a unitary package; this package consists of a ribbon of good heat-conducting material which has either been bent into a meandering or a serpentine shape so that adjacent windings each form rib-shaped cooling elements, or which has been formed into a U-shaped profile so that several, or in particular at least four of said U-profiles are arranged like segments of a comb next to and at a distance to one another on one side of the base plate. The distance between the profiles is far less than their expansion away from the base plate, i.e. than their overall height. 
     In the embodiment where the two cooling ribs are combined into one profile segment of U-shaped cross-section, the base of the profile member, i.e. the first web portion linking the two profile limbs, is fixed firmly in the respective longitudinal slot of the base plate resulting in surface contact with the inner walls of the longitudinal slot and good heat transmission. 
     For the manufacturing of the package of cooling elements, preference is given to using solder-coated ribbon-shaped sheet metal, on which the solder--by means of which the package is connected to the base plate--has already been plated in the form of a layer onto the supporting layer of good thermal conductivity, i.e., the sheet metal. Particular preference is given to a coated aluminum alloy such as the AlMn or AlMnMg type. Plated aluminum alloys of this kind are particularly suitable for sweating; they are made predominantly by rolling and, for the purposes of the present invention, are given their meander- or serpentine-shaped structure by bending, it being advisable that the solder layer on the outer surfaces of those meander ends which are to be joined to the base plate should be left bare. 
     In many cases, it suffices to put the package with its meander-shaped profile against one side--where the meander ends are--of the base plate and to solder it on there. As far as the manufacturing is concerned this is the least complicated method whilst still ensuring a good joint and sufficient heat transmission from the base plate to the meander-shaped package. 
     Instead of or complementary to the soldering joint, the meander-shaped ribbon or the profiles can be pressed into the longitudinal slots in the base plate by means of stretched pieces of wire, where they are permanently deformed-and thus firmly fixed. 
     Heat transmission and fixing are improved yet further if the extruded base plate comprises longitudinal slots which are dovetailed in cross-section. Pieces of wire are used to insert a portion of the meander-shaped ribbon or U-shaped profiles to the wider ends of the dovetailed longitudinal slots in order to facilitate the joining of the meander-shaped ribbon or the U-shaped profiles to the base plate by squeezing or wedging and so that instead of just forming a good mechanical joint, the heat transmission resistance is further reduced even without soldering. In this manner, the cooling effect is further improved and the &#34;profiles&#34; can be prevented from coming off by themselves even if heated to a high temperature. 
     Other advantages and aspects of the invention will become apparent upon making reference to the specification, claims, and drawings to follow. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION DRAWINGS 
     Embodiments of the present invention are described more detailed below with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: 
     FIG. 1 is a diagram of a cooling device according to the present invention; 
     FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the cooling device of another embodiment according to the present invention; 
     FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of individual cooling elements made of ribbon folded into a meandering shape and combined into a unitary package; 
     FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view of the ribbon used for making the cooling elements; 
     FIGS. 5-7 are other cross-sectional views of the cooling device; 
     FIG. 8 is a magnified partial cross-sectional view of the area where either the ribbon or the profile is fixed in a base plate slot; and, 
     FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the present invention. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     While this invention is susceptible of embodiments in many different forms, there is shown in the drawings and will herein be described in detail preferred embodiments of the invention with the understanding that the present disclosure is to be considered as an exemplification of the principles of the invention and is not intended to limit the broad aspect of the invention to embodiments illustrated. 
     According to FIG. 1, a series of electronic components 1a, 1b and 1c are fixed to a surface of the base plate 2 in such a way that the heat generated in the electronic components 1a, 1b and 1c is carried off easily onto the base plate 2. The base plate 2 is made of aluminum, for example, and it forms a profile segment together with the two side plates 2b laterally supporting the ribbon 10 (see FIG. 4) made of solder-plated or commercially available aluminum sheet metal and folded into a meandering shape to form the package 3 (shown in FIG. 1). The package 3 formed of the ribbon 10 is inserted into dovetailed longitudinal slots 6 (shown in FIG. 8) and soldered onto the base plate 2 with its meander ends 3c (also shown in FIG. 3), which in this example are bent into an approximately semicircular shape. A suitable soldering material should be one which is quick to solder with, while at the same time forms a mechanically firm joint and creates little heat transmission resistance between the base plate 2 and the package 3. 
     Representative dimensions of an embodiment according to the present invention as illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3, are as follows: 
     a=60 mm 
     b=47 mm 
     e=48 mm 
     f=1 mm 
     g=2 mm 
     h=4 mm 
     i=approx. 30 mm 
     The electronic components 1a, 1b, 1c can also be arranged on the side plates 2b of base plate 2. 
     According to FIG. 4, the supporting layer 3a of the metal ribbon 10 is 0.9 mm thick and is coated on one side with a 0.1 mm thick layer of solder 3b made of special brazing filler metal, preferably AlSi. 
     According to FIGS. 2, 5, 6, 7 and 8, the meander-shaped ribbon 3 or the U-shaped profiles 13 are fixed in the longitudinal slots 6 of the base plate 2 by means of straight, stretched pieces of wire 8 (illustrated in FIG. 8). The stretched pieces of wire 8 being clamped in between adjacent profile limbs 13 of the meander-shaped ribbons or profiles 13 respectively by way of permanent deforming in such a way that the meander ends 3c (in the region of the &#34;troughs&#34;) or the lower parts of the profile limbs 13a, 13b are slightly bent outwardly near the web portion 13c in the longitudinal slots 6 at an angle of e.g. 5°, so that they are in contact with the inner surfaces of the dovetailed longitudinal slots 6. 
     According to FIGS. 2, 6 and 7, the pieces of wire 8 are clamped in between the profile limbs 13a, 13b at the bottom of the profiles 13 having a U-shaped cross-section, i.e. on the web portion 13c, and fixed firmly in the longitudinal slots 6. 
     It is better for the upper ends 2b1 of the side plate 2b or the side limbs to bend inwardly so as to form contact surfaces 2b2 for the ribbon or for the profile&#39;s 13 adjacent limb 13b. 
     Preferred measurements for the preferred embodiment of FIG. 7 are: 
     e=50.8 mm (height of profile) 
     f=1 mm (thickness of ribbon) 
     g=3.15 mm (distance between profiles) 
     h=5.1 mm (width of profile) 
     i=30 mm (width of package in the area of the cooling elements) 
     k=3.1 mm (profiles&#39; internal width between the profile limbs) 
     A cooling element according to the package 3 of FIG. 7 is manufactured as follows: 
     At first, the profile segment of the base plate 2, with its longitudinal slots 6 preferably being dovetailed in cross-section (FIG. 8), is extruded using aluminum. Then the bottom or end comprising the web 13c of the four U-shaped profiles 13 is inserted into the longitudinal slots 6. Subsequently, pieces of wire 8, preferably with a square cross-section, are inserted into the spaces between the profile limbs 13a, 13b and are, ideally by means of a common tool such as a press, pushed down to the bottom, i.e. to the web portion 13c of the profiles 13 thereby having to overcome a force or being squeezed and pressed so hard that the adjacent parts of the profile limbs 13a, 13b are permanently deformed and lie flat and clamped against the side walls of the longitudinal slots 6. 
     The profiles 13 may be made not only of aluminum sheet metal as mentioned above: copper sheet metal or other materials of good heat conductivity are also well suited. Besides aluminum, copper is also suitable for the pieces of wire 8. Alloys of these with other materials or alloys of other materials may also be used. 
     According to another embodiment of the invention as described in FIG. 9, the profiles 13 are hollow and form substantially rectangular inner and outer cross-sections. Instead of the sharply rectangular cross-sections (shown in FIG. 9), the hollow profiles 13 can also comprise rounded ends 13c, 13d. Each hollow profile 13 extending longitudinally is inserted by the lower ends 13c each into a respective longitudinal slot 6 while the upper closed ends 13d are free and form thermo-exchanging surfaces. The lower ends 13c are connected to the base plate 2 by soldering. For this reason, the outer surface of the hollow profiles 13 is covered with a solder layer as explained above so that by heating the lower ends 13c and the respective inner walls of the slots 6, a good mechanical and a good thermal connection between the hollow profiles 13 and the base plate 2 are guaranteed. 
     Forming of the hollow profiles 13 is not very complicated. For instance, flat aluminum foils covered with a solder layer according to FIG. 4 are bent four times so that the side ends contact each other to allow soldering longitudinally. Using high frequency welding is preferred in order to form the tube-like hollow profiles 13. The ends opposite the soldered ends can also be removed after soldering to form a profile 13 similar to that found in FIG. 7. 
     While specific embodiments have been illustrated and described, numerous modifications come to mind without significantly departing from the spirit of the invention and the scope of protection is only limited by the scope of the accompanying claims.