Abstract:
A communication device for deaf, hearing impaired, or mute persons comprises a processor control system which makes use of a microphone and a speech recognizer to receive and process audio data (speech or non-speech) to determine whether or not a dangerous situation exits within the environment surrounding the user. The system comprises a key pad and/or stylus and tablet information input system to accommodate communication from the user to the persons in the surrounding environments and a visual display capability to transmit the information so acquired by way of a projection apparatus in the form of characters and in the language to which the user is accustomed. Indicator signals which correspond to dangerous or cautionary situations relating to abnormally loud noises, or readily recognized sound patterns, such as a siren may also be displayed to the user, as may be information related geographic location, distance to a preset destination, or other personally useful information.

Description:
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Nos. 60/026,400, and 60/025,480, filed Aug. 29, 1996. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     This invention relates generally to a device for communication between persons who are deaf, hearing impaired, or mute. More particularly, the invention is directed toward a communication system for deaf, hearing impaired or mute persons which allows the user to visualize speech and other sounds directed at him through various audio sources. 
     2. Background of the Invention 
     Historically, deaf, hearing impaired, and mute persons have had a difficult time communicating, both among themselves and with others not similarly handicapped. In fact, it is often more difficult to conduct a simple conversation between a non-handicapped person and one that is deaf or mute, because the non-handicapped person usually is not familiar with American Sign Language (ASL). 
     Even when the persons communicating are familiar with ASL, sign language is not a very convenient method of communication when a large group is involved. Expensive television cameras and video screens must be employed to transmit messages to large audiences. That is, unless the receiver of the message is so close to the message transmitter that he or she can distinguish ASL gestures and the expressions on the message transmitter&#39;s face, communication is simply not possible. As mentioned previously, if the message receiver has not been trained to understand ASL, then communication is also not possible. 
     Further, deaf persons often cannot enjoy television or the theater because the actors are not visible, or have turned their backs to the front of the stage so that lip-reading is impossible. Of course, this difficulty is also encountered during day-to-day communication scenarios whenever the speaker or communicator is not facing the deaf person, or is not located in the visual line-of-sight range of the deaf person. In addition, there are occasions when an unusually loud noise is used to alert persons in the vicinity that a dangerous or cautionary event is about to occur. This can be the siren of an ambulance or fire engine, an explosion, the horn of an automobile or truck, etc. While a person able to hear such sounds can immediately identify these circumstances as requiring caution or flight, the deaf person will be unaware that he is in danger. 
     Several elements of the instant invention have only recently become generally available due to the general trend of technology miniaturization and a reduction in the price of sophisticated microprocessor control systems. More specifically, this includes the technologies of speech recognition, short-range infrared and radio data communication, personal video displays, and handwriting recognition. The present invention is directed toward overcoming the communication difficulties set forth above. 
     It is desirable to have an apparatus and method enabling communications between deaf, hearing impaired, or mute persons and others, whether similarly handicapped or not. It is also desirable to have an apparatus and method for use by deaf or hearing impaired persons to enable them to enjoy television or movie theaters without subtitles, ASL interpreters, etc. In addition, it is desirable to have an apparatus and method which enables deaf and/or mute persons to communicate with others who may not be in close proximity. Furthermore, it is desirable to have an apparatus and method which enables communication between a single individual and a group, whether or not all individuals participating in the communication have the ability to speak or hear without impairment. 
     While ASL has been developed for enhancing the communication abilities of deaf and mute people, most non-handicapped persons are not trained in its use. Even those that are trained are unable to use it for communication in circumstances where line-of-sight communication is impossible or impractical. Thus, there exists a long-felt and widespread need to provide alternative communication apparatus and methods for deaf, hearing impaired, and mute persons which can be used at a distance, in situations where line-of-sight communication is impossible or impractical, where communication with a group of mixed non-handicapped persons and deaf and/or mute persons is desired, or in everyday situations which render common means of understanding by hearing impaired persons (e.g., lip-reading) ineffective. This is especially the case for dangerous situations in which a loud sound emanates from an undisclosed location and the deaf person remains unaware of its existence. The apparatus and method of the present invention, discussed in greater detail below, clearly satisfy this need. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention provides a communication system for deaf, hearing impaired, and mute persons, or those communicating with hearing impaired and/or mute persons. The communication system of the present invention comprises a message reception means to receive audio information, such as a microphone and an optional filter; an information conversion means, such as a speech recognizer, to convert the received information into speech data; a data processing means, such as a microprocessor, to organize the speech data into an appropriate and meaningful symbolic representation; and a display means, such as a see-through liquid crystal display to display the symbolic representation of the speech data (usually English language text symbols) to the user. The processing means also has the ability to process other audio data (e.g. non-speech) to determine whether or not a dangerous situation exists within the environment surrounding the user. 
     Further, the apparatus and method of the present invention comprises a message entry means, such as a keypad and/or stylus-and-tablet to acquire messages from the user. The apparatus and method of the present invention also comprises a message transmission means, such as a voice synthesizer and speaker, to convert the user messages into message data, and convey the message data as audio output, preferably speech, to the user&#39;s immediate physical environment. 
     In another aspect of the present invention, a method and apparatus is provided for communication between hearing impaired, deaf and/or mute persons and others, including a group of people, which involves use of an optional element of the message transmission means, comprising a remote data transceiver electrically connected to the processor of the present invention so as to transmit and receive message information from other communication systems that are not in the immediate vicinity. 
    
    
     Other features of the apparatus and method include the ability to produce indicator signals for display to the user which correspond to dangerous or cautionary situations relating to abnormally loud noises, or readily recognized sound patterns, such as a siren. The apparatus may also comprise a cellular phone which operates as an adjunct to the microphone and speaker elements, providing mobile telephone communications for the handicapped. In addition, indications can be transmitted to the user representing information related to geographic location, distance to a present destination, or other personally useful information. The above and other advantages of this invention will become apparent from the following more detailed description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and illustrative embodiments. 
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the present invention indicating a user&#39;s perception of a projected message image. 
     FIG. 2 is a stylized representation of the display for the user, including messages and various information indicators. 
     FIG. 3 is a simplified block diagram of the present invention. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     FIG. 1 illustrates a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, as it is worn by user  200 . A communication system  10  for deaf, hearing impaired, or mute persons optionally comprises headband  120 , or other suspension means, such as eyeglasses, goggles, or a helmet, for supporting the various component elements which comprise the present invention. 
     The user  200  receives messages, including speech and other audio information, by way of a message reception means, such as a microphone  70 , most preferably a self-powered and unobtrusive clip-on type. The communication system  10  also comprises a data processing means, such as a wearable processor  20 , which may be co-located with the user  200  and electrically connected to a display means, such as a projector  50 , so as to control the content of the projector display  140 . 
     A keypad-tablet  35 , or other user message entry means, comprising a keyboard  40  and a handwriting recognition display  42 , is manipulated by the user  200  to present user message information to the wearable processor  20  for transmission to the environment surrounding the user  200  by way of a speaker  60  and/or a remote data transceiver  72 . A stylus  45  can be used to write on the recognition display  42  so that the printed or handwritten message entry by the user  200  can be recognized by the wearable processor  20  and communicated to the environment surrounding the user  200 . A keypad-tablet  35  may be connected directly to the processor  20 , or communicate with the processor  20  via radio or other electromagnetic means, such as by infra-red signals (commonly found on television remote control devices). The wearable microprocessor  20  is capable of transmitting messages into the environment by way of a message transmission means comprising a synthesizer  57 , which converts user messages into message speech data, and a speaker  60 , which presents audio information to the environment surrounding the user  200 . 
     Turning now to FIG. 2, a representative sample of the display of the communication system  10  can be seen. Essential to the practice of the invention is the message area  100 , which contains the collection of alphanumeric characters which communicate speech to the user, after it has been recognized from audio information in the surrounding environment, or submitted to the processor  20  by way of a remotely transmitted message from a similar device. It is preferred that the message area  100  be located on the periphery of the display  140  so that the viewing area directly in front of the user  200  remains clear. However, it is most preferred that projector  50  presents a display  140  to the user  200  which can be seen through (a “see-through” display), so that any message text or indicators shown thereon will not interfere with the user&#39;s normal line of sight. While shown as a single message line display, those skilled in the art will realize that several message lines can also be projected onto display  140 . Most preferably, message area  100  will comprise two lines of material presented in teleprompter fashion. 
     A first indicator  80  and a second indicator  90  represent optional elements of the display  140 . The first indicator  80  may consist of an alarm icon, flashing light, or some type of analog display symbol which indicates the amount of noise in the environment. Of course, these possibilities are listed by way of example, and not by way of limitation. Similarly, the second indicator  90  may represent a geographical position location, generated by an attached Global Positioning Satellite (GPS) system, the distance of the user from a selected location, or the sound level of the surrounding environment in decibels. Of course, these specific examples of the content of second indicator  90  are not meant to limit the possibility for display of information to the user. Any information which can be processed by the wearable processor  20 , either acquired from the surrounding environment, or pre-programmed into the unit, can be displayed to the user  200  at an appropriate time. Similarly, the time of day or of a specific event can also be included in the content of the second indicator  90 . 
     Turning now to FIG. 3, a simplified block diagram of the communication system  10  can be seen. A power source  30 , which may consist of a rechargeable battery, solar cell, or other electric current power generator, provides power to the wearable processor  20 . To process surrounding environmental audio data, the environmental message reception means comprising the microphone  70 , and optionally, the filter  150 , is used to acquire audio information. A filter  150  is most preferably implemented as a band-pass filter which passes frequencies from about 500 Hz to about 2,999 Hz. As a further aid to recognizing speech, any of several noise cancellation techniques can be implemented by the wearable processor  20  or the speech recognizer  55 . Information conversion means, such as a speech recognizer  55 , preferably operates in a manner that will accept continuous speech input and other audio information (such as a police siren tone pattern or abnormally loud sound), using templates and a vocabulary lookup table, or other methods well known in the art, and convert it into speech data. The data processing means processor  20  will then organize the speech data into a meaningful symbolic representation for transmission to the projector  50 . 
     To process user initiated messages, the message entry means such as the keypad-tablet  35  is used to acquire user message information, which is passed on to a message transmission means, comprising a speech synthesizer  57  and a speaker  64 , producing an audible signal in the user&#39;s immediate vicinity. Synthesized speech, produced by any of several methods well known in the art, is most preferably formed by the synthesizer  57  so as to mimic the gender of the user. In this manner, a mute person can communicate with those that can hear. The message transmission means may alternatively comprise the synthesizer  57  and a remote data transceiver  72 , wherein the keypad-tablet  35  user input message information can alternatively be sent to a remote location via the remote data transceiver  72  and an energy transceiver  77 . The remote data transceiver  72  comprises an electromagnetic energy transceiver capable of receiving and transmitting electromagnetic energy using an appropriate energy transceiver  77 . If the electromagnetic energy consists of infrared or other light, then a laser diode transmitter and receiver, or similar devices, would be most appropriate to use as the energy transceiver  77 . If the electromagnetic energy consists of radio waves, then an antenna designed for the desired frequency and bandwidth should be used as the energy transceiver  77 . 
     By means of the above-described apparatus and method of communication, any person, whether mute or not, can communicate at a distance with another person who is hearing-impaired or deaf. Of course, such communications can also exist between persons at each end of the communication link who are not disabled. In any event, those skilled in the art will recognize that such an arrangement of remote radio communication devices also lends itself to multi-channel communication, which allows groups of disabled users to communicate amongst themselves, either out loud, or silently. Another example of system use might enable all English speakers to communicate on one channel, and all Spanish speakers on another. Such multi-channel operation is desired to enhance user privacy and the practicality of the system. It is anticipated that a single “international” frequency, along with several “national” frequencies will be allocated to facilitate communications between people of differing countries, and the same country, as desired. 
     The processor  20  can be programmed to recognize a dangerous or a cautionary situation, due to the sheer magnitude of the electrical signal received, or based on a recognized pattern, and will thereafter display an alarm signal by way of the first indicator  80  to the user  200  via the projector  50  and the display  140 . Operation of the communication system  10  by using audio input and output (via the microphone  70  and the speaker  60 ) obviates the need for ASL, and allows deaf, hearing impaired, or mute persons to communicate with others that are similarly disabled, and also with individuals having unimpaired hearing and speech capability. 
     Environmental information, normally existing as local audio information, can also be received by way of the energy transceiver  77  and the remote data transceiver  72 . Such remote information will normally originate from another communication system  10  at a remote location (i.e. outside of the line-of-sight, or out of normal hearing range) and consist of audio information, or speech data. The acquired signals can then be processed by the speech recognizer  55  or, if already processed by the remote communication system  10 , the received speech data can be sent directly to the processor  20  for organization into an appropriate symbolic representation of the data, and on to the projector  50  for viewing by the user  200  and, optionally, transmitted to the external environment via the speech synthesizer  57  and the speaker  60 . 
     An optional element of the communication system  10  is a storage device  62 , which can store several canned messages for recall by the user  200 . This provides a convenient means of rapidly communicating standard words and/or phrases to the external environment. In addition, the storage device  62 , which comprises battery-powered RAM memory, EPROMs, disk drives, or tape drives, can be used to save messages that have been received from the external environment for receipt and processing at a later time by the user  200 . 
     In another embodiment of the communication system  10 , a cellular telephone (not shown) can be used as a supplement to the microphone  70  and the speaker  60 . When the telephone receives an incoming call, the first indicator  80  within the display  140  can be activated, along with a message to the user  200  that the “Phone is ringing.” The user  200  can then choose to answer the phone, and any input via the keypad-tablet  35  will be converted to synthesized speech, which is sent to the telephone receiver, instead of the speaker  60 . Similarly, any voice emanating from the telephone speaker output can be directed to the filter  150  and the speech recognizer  55  for conversion to text and display via the projector  50 . This embodiment provides mobile telephone operation capability to deaf, hearing impaired, or mute persons, obviating the need for teletype (TTY) devices on one or both ends of a telephone conversation. 
     The processor  20  is understood to be equipped with the necessary hardware and software to translate speech it receives from the recognizer into another language if desired, and then to display the resulting message via the projector  50  onto the display  140 . The recognizer  55  may also be implemented as part of the software programming for the processor  20 , obviating the need for a separate hardware element. The invention also anticipates a combination of some or all of the separate elements, such as the microphone  70 , the filter  150 , the recognizer  55 , the processor  20 , the speaker  60 , the synthesizer  57 , and the storage device  62  into a single, integrated, hybrid unit. The separate elemental units are illustrated as such for clarity, and not by necessity. Likewise, the processor  20  can be remotely located to reduce local weight/power requirements. A separate radio data communications path (not shown) can be used to transmit and receive processed audio and video data to and from the user  200 , if desired. 
     The projector  50  may project the display  140  out into space in front of the user, as occurs with a holographic projection system, or may consist of any of several head-mounted optical projection systems, such as the HOPROS™ unit produced by Optronic Instruments &amp; Products, the PROVIEW™ system produced by KEO, or the Mark II GP Series of wearable displays available from Seattle Sight Systems, Inc. The projector  50  may also comprise a see-through liquid crystal display with the display  140  indicated directly thereon, or a retinal scanner, such as the Virtual Retinal Display being developed by the Human Interface Technology Laboratory at the University of Washington. In more sophisticated embodiments of this invention, the display  140  as perceived by the user  200  can be adjusted to accommodate vision correction or deficiency so that any image perceived by a particular user  200  will appear in sharp focus. The adjustment can be programmed into the processor  20  by sensing a user-controlled input (not shown), or mechanically adjusted by moving the display  140  closer to, or farther away from, the eye. The recognition display  42  and the stylus  45  input devices are similar to those readily available in the market, and can be identical to those used on electronic appointment calendars or pen-top computers. The recognition display  42  can be separated from the keyboard  40  and used alone, without the use of the keyboard  40 . In addition, the recognition display  42  may contain the intelligence necessary for independent handwriting or printing recognition, or may pass on electrical signals so that the wearable processor  20  can recognize the content of the user message entry by way of writing recognition algorithms well known in the art. The present invention anticipates that the user  200  will receive feedback at the message area  100  in character text form for each message entered on the recognition display  42 . In this way, the user  200  can be assured that what is written on recognition the display  42 , using the stylus  45 , is properly translated into text for transmission to others. In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, transmission of the characters will not occur until the user has authorized such transmission. 
     The communication system  10  anticipates use as a real-time language translator for disabled persons, as well as for those who can hear and speak. Language translation software modules are readily available for use with text received by the wearable processor after voice recognition occurs, or after messages have been input via the keypad-tablet  35 . Several such language translation program modules may be simultaneously resident in the processor  20  memory. The user  200  can, for example, write or type a message in English, and after textual translation, it will be “spoken” in a selected alternate language via the speech synthesizer  67  and the speaker  60 . Additionally, a foreign language speaker may verbally address the user  200 , who, upon selecting the proper translation software module for execution by the processor  20 , may then (after recognition and translation occurs) be enabled to read the translated message at the message area  100  of the display  140  (or hear the synthesized version thereof) in the user&#39;s  200  own language. Deaf/mute users may also communicate between themselves, each in their own different language, by a similar process. 
     The present invention will also facilitate round-table discussions among those conversing in two or more languages, by way of speech and/or remote transceiver broadcast and transmission. It is anticipated that appropriate translation codes, either oral or electromagnetic, will be sent with the text so that the communication system  10  can automatically engage the proper software translation module for use by the processor  20 . Such operational methods will obviate the need for manual selection of translation software modules. 
     It is also anticipated that the user  200  will be able to enjoy television or theater using the communication system  10  by employing the microphone  70  and the speech recognizer  55  to produce text via the processor  20  for presentation to the user  200  via the display  140 . By using communication system  10 , it does not matter whether the speaker is directly facing the listener or has turned away from the front of the stage. In addition, even if the speaker has left the immediate area of the listener, the communication system  10  will enable the listener to receive the appropriate message in an environment in which audio communication is possible. At more remote locations, the user may employ the remote data transceiver  72  and the energy transceiver  77  to enable such communications. Such use of the system  10  will obviate the need for expensive subtitle apparatus for use with televisions, and dependence on the proper coding which much be supplied by the television network therefor. 
     The method of communication for deaf, hearing impaired, or mute persons presented herein comprises the steps of: receiving audio information; converting the audio information, whether speech or other information, such as a siren or explosion, intospeech data; then converting the speech data into a symbolic representation which is meaningful to the user (e.g. German language text characters for a German language speaker); and displaying the symbolic representation to the user, either in the space in front of the eye, or directly onto the eye, as occurs with retinal scanning. The method further comprises acquiring user messages which are intended for transmission to others in the surrounding environment and transmitting those messages to the surrounding environment in the form of audio information. 
     Although the invention has been described with reference to a specific embodiment, this description is not meant to be construed in a limiting sense. On the contrary, even though only specific devices have been shown to be mounted to the headband  120 , all elements of the instant invention can be mounted thereon, given sufficient miniaturization. Also, various alternative stylized displays can be used, other than that shown in FIG.  2 . As long as the user is given visual indication of the message he receives from the environment, the spirit of this invention is effected. Other various modifications of the enclosed embodiments will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reference to the description of the invention. It is, therefore, contemplated that the following claims will cover such modifications, alternatives, and equivalents that fall within the true spirit of the scope of the invention.