Abstract:
A programmable cellular telephone activates selected functions based on a user modifiable schedule, The user stores schedule information in a schedule table for automatic function activation/deactivation. A controller controls all cellular telephone functions, and comprises a memory and a clock. The controller also comprises an automatic scheduler which activates and deactivates cellular telephone functions according to the entries in the schedule table. Cellular telephone functions are activated and deactivated either manually or when the automatic scheduler is enabled and the real time corresponds with the scheduled time in the schedule table. By using the scheduler, a user can select time periods when calls are receivable without having to remember to turn on the cellular phone, extending battery life and minimizing unwanted interruptions.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates in general to methods and apparatus for controlling the operation of a cellular telephone, and particularly to programmable automatic activation and deactivation sequences. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Cellular telephones have become ubiquitous in today&#39;s society, playing an important roll in many areas of daily life. The technology has reached the point where cellular telephones are manufactured with the same features as regular telephones, including speed dial and number recall. A user such as a physician or salesperson has the capability to be constantly in communication without having to stop at pay telephones or use specialized communication equipment. Power conservation is a constant concern for the user. As cellular telephones are generally either self-contained or mounted in a vehicle, however, a user must, particularly in the case of self-contained units, maintain sufficient power to ensure that the telephone will work when it is needed. The most efficient means of power conservation is to turn the telephone on only when the user wishes to send or receive calls. Another consideration is that the ability of the outside world to make contact no matter where a person is may be more than the user bargained for—so long as the telephone is activated the user will receive calls. The impact of this exposure can range from mere inconvenience to significant annoyance at the unwanted intrusion. There is no convenient method for controlling the use of air time—the only sure method of preventing unwanted incoming calls is to turn off the telephone. If, however, the user wants the telephone turned on for only certain time periods, the user must constantly remember to turn their cellular telephone on when they want to be able to receive calls and off when they do not want incoming calls or when they want to conserve battery life. What is needed is a better way to schedule cellular telephone availability. 
     As each user&#39;s communication requirements vary, so do the periods of time which each user wants or needs their telephone activated. Some need to have their telephone on all day every day. Others only activate their telephone when they wish to make outgoing calls. The majority of cellular telephone users, however, have particular periods of the day or week during which they wish to send or receive calls. Some of these users need additional telephone functions such as call forwarding or call waiting available at the same or different times. For example, a person may not want to receive calls on the cellular telephone or deplete its power resources while they are at work or home. However, when they cannot be reached by a regular telephone, such as when they are driving to or from work, the user may then want to be able to receive calls. A user who wishes to activate a cellular telephone during specific periods of the day must remember to activate and deactivate the telephone. What is needed is a convenient way to ensure a cellular telephone is ready to send and receive calls, or perform other of the cellular telephone&#39;s functions, according to a particular user&#39;s needs. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention teaches a method and apparatus for programming a cellular telephone for automatic initiation of the telephone&#39;s various functions according to the user&#39;s needs. One embodiment of the present invention is a cellular telephone comprising a power source, a controller for controlling the cellular telephone, communication circuitry for sending and receiving signals, and a power switch electrically located between the power source and the communication circuitry. The power switch controls the application of power to the communication circuitry. The controller is electrically coupled to the power switch and controls the power switch to apply power to the circuitry in accordance with a schedule. The controller is also directly connected to the power source and the communication circuitry. 
     The controller also comprises a clock, which in one embodiment is a real-time clock. Output from the clock is used in conjunction with the schedule to allow the user to conveniently control activation of the telephone&#39;s functions, as well as make efficient use of the telephone&#39;s power supply. According to another embodiment of the present invention the controller further comprises a memory for storing the schedule. Having the schedule stored in memory ensures that the cellular phone will be ready to send and receive calls, as well as perform other functions, according to the user&#39;s needs. In another embodiment of the present invention the cellular telephone further comprises an interface for modifying the schedule stored in the memory. In one embodiment the interface is incorporated in the telephone keypad. Yet another embodiment comprises a means for activating and deactivating the controller. In a further embodiment, the alarm function of the clock is integrated such that it causes the phone to ring at a time set by the user. According to another embodiment, the user may create a message to be displayed on the telephone&#39;s display in conjunction with an alarm. 
     A method of internally controlling cellular telephone functions is also provided. The method comprises the steps of providing a clock signal representative of time, providing a schedule representative of time periods when desired functions are to be enabled, comparing the clock signal with the schedule, and enabling desired cellular telephone functions based on the comparison of the clock signal with the schedule. In yet another embodiment of the present invention the method of controlling cellular telephone functions further comprises the step of revising the schedule using a user interface. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 is a block schematic diagram of a cellular telephone according to one embodiment of the present invention. 
     FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the display of a cellular telephone according to one embodiment of the present invention. 
     FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the face of a cellular telephone according to one embodiment of the present invention. 
     FIG. 4 is an activation schedule table according to one embodiment of the invention. 
     FIG. 5 is a flow chart of the logic executed when processing the information stored in the activation table of FIG.  4 . 
     FIG. 6 is a flow chart of the logic executed when processing interrupts generated by a real time clock. 
     FIG. 7 is a flow chart of the logic executed when processing a telephone disconnect. 
     FIG. 8 is a flow chart of the process followed to program the activation table of FIG.  4 . 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     In the following detailed description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings which form a part hereof, and in which is shown by way of illustration specific embodiments in which the invention may be practiced. These embodiments are described in detail sufficient to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention, and it is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilized and that structural, logical and electrical changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. The following detailed description is, therefore, not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims. 
     FIG. 1 shows the circuitry of a cellular telephone  100  according to one embodiment of the present invention. Those skilled in the art will, however, recognize that the present invention may be incorporated into any of a variety of wireless personal communication devices having cellular telephone capability. Cellular telephone  100  receives and transmits signals by radio frequency (RF) circuitry  105  via antenna  301 . Audio signals are output through speaker  302  and input through microphone  303 . User input interface  130  provides a means through which a user enters commands and otherwise interacts with the telephone&#39;s various functions. In one embodiment user input interface  130  comprises a standard twelve key telephone pad and an additional pad for control keys (shown in FIG.  3 ), but other configurations are easily incorporated without affecting the scope of the claimed invention. 
     In a preferred embodiment, controller  150  (FIG. 1) is a customized application specific integrated circuit (ASIC). It incorporates power control device  151 , read-only memory (ROM)  153 , real time clock  155 , microprocessor (“processor”)  152 , random access memory (RAM)  154 , and input/output interface  156 . In another embodiment the individual devices are separate chips electronically interlinked to processor  152 . Processor  152  provides circuitry to support standard cellular telephone functions such as call timing, automatic shut-off, and automatic call-answering, as well as speaker controls and signals for on- and off-hook. RAM  154  is used to enable features such as storing telephone numbers, one-number speed-dial, and last number recall. Controller  150  is electrically connected to each of the input or output devices (RF circuitry  105 , speaker  302 , display  125 , user input interface  130 , and microphone  303 ) through input/output interface  156 . 
     Power is provided to cellular telephone  100  by main power source  115 , which is either a battery or an external power source such as an A/C to D/C adaptor. The telephone is turned off and on by toggling power switching circuitry  110  which is electrically connected to main power source  115 . Power switching circuitry  110  is connected to and controlled by, in the embodiment shown, power control device  151 . Power switching circuitry  110  also controls the application of power to display  125  and RF circuitry  105 . In the embodiment shown, RF circuitry  105  and display  125  are on separate lines in order to allow power to be applied independently to each device. Backup power  120  is, in one embodiment, a button-type battery for ensuring uninterrupted power to controller  150 . According to the embodiment shown, backup power  120  is connected to power control  151  in order to provide continuous operation of real-time clock  155  and to prevent loss of the contents of RAM  154 . If all power sources, including back-up power  120  simultaneously lose power or are disconnected, when power is restored clock  155  is reset to zero time and memory  154  is initialized to zeros. 
     An automatic scheduling program, for automatically activating or deactivating cellular telephone functions, is encoded in ROM  153 . Through the user input interface  130  the user is able to schedule the activation or deactivation of particular cellular telephone functions as a one-time or repeating event. Scheduling information is stored in RAM  154  according to a process described below. The automatic scheduling program includes logic which programs the real time clock according to the scheduling information. This process is described in more detail below. The automatic scheduling program can be in one of two states—enabled or disabled. It is toggled between the two states by manipulating a key incorporated into user input interface  130 . The user may at any time manually override the automatic scheduler by activating/deactivating a cellular telephone function directly through user interface  130 . 
     In the embodiment shown, real-time clock  155  is a low-power device providing time-of-day and multi-year calendaring functions, and may optionally include alarm features. Such controllers are commonly known and used in devices such as watches, computers, and video cassette recorders. One example of such a device is the low power clock calendar manufactured by Philips Semiconductors® (product specification PCF8593). Controllers used in watches generally provide single-event scheduling, while those used in computers support scheduling the activation of multiple applications. A preferred embodiment of the present invention incorporates a controller similar to those used in video cassette recorders, supporting activation and deactivation of system functions based on a time-based schedule. It should be noted that the system of the invention can incorporate any one of these or similar controllers without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. 
     Display  125  provides a visual presentation of information and indicators reflecting the status of various functions of the cellular telephone  100 . As shown in FIG. 2, display  125  contains regular cellular telephone status indicators  205  such as ‘In Use’, ‘Roam’, ‘Signal-7’ and ‘No Svc’. Display  125  also contains phone status indicator  210  which, in one embodiment, is visible when the cellular telephone is turned on. There is also an indicator  220  which is visible when the automatic scheduling program (described below) is activated. When the automatic scheduling program is active, the time and date of the next event is displayed  230 , as well as an icon  225  representing the type of event. FIG. 2 shows four examples of such icons  225  (the light bulb for ‘on’, the stop sign for ‘off’, the clock for ‘alarm set’, and the exclamation mark for ‘reminder set’). Only one icon is displayed at any one time. The event repetition indicator  235  is visible when the next event is a recurring event. In one embodiment a letter is superimposed on the event repetition indicator, the letter representing the cycle period (for example ‘D’ for daily and ‘W’ for weekly). Information such as number dialed, caller id information and status information is presented on the alpha-numeric portion  215  of display  125 . In one embodiment, the current date and time is displayed on the alpha-numeric portion  215  of display  125  whenever that portion of display  125  is unused by other functions and either the cellular telephone is in stand by mode or the automatic scheduler is enabled. In another embodiment, the current date and time continues to be shown on display  125  even when the cellular telephone  100  is off and the automatic scheduling program is inactive. 
     An example of the external features of a cellular telephone  100 , according to one embodiment of the present invention, is shown in FIG.  3 . Antenna  301 , earpiece  302  and mouthpiece  303  employ technology well-known in the art and will not be discussed further. In the example shown, display  125 , described earlier (FIG.  2  and accompanying text), is an alphanumeric liquid crystal display (LCD). Those skilled in the art will recognize that other display technologies can be used without affecting the scope of the present invention. The user inputs information and commands into cellular telephone  100  via a user interface  130 , which comprises, in the embodiment shown, a standard twelve key alphanumeric pad  305  and control keypad  310 . Control keypad  310  comprises keys for controlling the various standard functions supported by the cellular telephone. In the embodiment shown, PWR  312  is a single button which toggles the cellular telephone on and off. AUTO  314  is a toggle which enables and disables the automatic scheduler program incorporated in controller  150 . 
     The cellular telephone  100  of the present invention is always in one of three modes—on, stand by, or off. When the cellular telephone  100  is off, the user can neither initiate nor receive telephone calls. This is the state with the lowest power consumption. The only element drawing power is the controller  160 , which is maintaining the memory  154  and real-time clock  155 . The automatic scheduling program may be enabled or disabled. If the automatic scheduling program is disabled then there are no interrupts generated based on the schedule stored in memory  154 , and all cellular telephone functions remain inactive until either the cellular telephone is set to stand by mode or the automatic scheduling program is enabled. When the cellular telephone  100  is in stand by mode, it uses more power. In this state the user is able to initiate and receive calls. If the automatic scheduling program is disabled when the cellular telephone is in stand by mode, the cellular phone operates as a standard cellular telephone, all functions being manually activated and deactivated by manipulation of the user input interface  130 . If the automatic scheduling program is enabled when the cellular telephone is either off or in stand by mode, the appropriate indicators are visible on display  125  and the real-time clock  155  initiates interrupts based on the contents of the schedule table stored in memory  154 . The third cellular telephone mode, ‘on’, uses the most power, and occurs only when the cellular telephone is actually receiving or transmitting signals. When the cellular telephone  100  is in ‘on’ mode any scheduled event is deferred until the user disconnects and the cellular telephone returns to either a stand by or off state. 
     The automatic scheduler is driven by information stored in an activation schedule table which is in the cellular telephone&#39;s memory  154 . FIG. 4 illustrates one embodiment of an activation schedule table  400 . There is one row of information stored in the activation schedule table  400  for each time some function of the cellular telephone is to be activated or deactivated. Each row of information contains the respective time  402  (hour and minute), date  404  or day of the week  406  values and the encoded function  408  to be executed at the specified time and date. Those skilled in the art will recognize that alternate storage schemes may be employed without expanding the scope of the present invention. The user stores new control information or modifies existing control information in the schedule table  400  using the cellular telephone&#39;s user interface  130 . Time information  402  may be either twelve- or twenty-four hour time notation. The user may also set a specific date  404  or day of the week (for example a value of 1 through 7)  406 . If both date  404  and day of the week  406  are zero then the associated function  408  is processed every day at the indicated time. A recurring event may be scheduled by setting date  404  to zero and specifying the day of the week  406  on which the event is to occur. The user may further control the pattern and frequency of execution by specifying a date  404  or day of the week  406  in addition to the time  402 . If both the date  404  and day of the week  406  are non-zero then any conflict is resolved in favor of the specific date  404 . In a further embodiment, where a more advanced controller  150  is used (one that is calendar- and time-based, rather than just time-based), the schedule also accommodates holidays and the distinction between week- and weekend-days. 
     Logic embodied in the automatic scheduler interprets the function  408  to determine what action to take at the indicated time  402 . In the embodiment shown, a function value of “1” is interpreted by the scheduler logic as a ‘power on’ command to the power switching circuitry  110 . A function value of “0” is interpreted by the scheduler logic as a ‘power off’ command to the power switching circuitry  110 . Those skilled in the art will recognize that the automatic scheduler logic is easily extensible to control additional cellular telephone functions, such as call waiting and call forwarding, by including additional logic to respond to additional function codes in the activation schedule table  400 . In another embodiment the activation table is structured to have a column for each function which contains a value indicating whether the function is to be deactivated or activated. The preferred embodiment of the system of the invention uses firmware-controlled logic employing a combination of time and function. This allows the cellular telephone&#39;s functions to be easily programmed to correlate to even the most varied of personal schedules. Those skilled in the art, however, will recognize that the logic may also be embodied in software, hardware, or some combination of two or more of the three methods without exceeding the scope and spirit of the present invention. 
     FIG. 5 is a flow chart of the automatic scheduler logic  500  which controller  150  executes when processing the information stored in activation table  400 . The scheduling logic is initiated at block  510  when the AUTO button  314  is pressed. First the state of the automatic scheduler is evaluated at block  520 . If the automatic scheduler is in the enabled state, when the AUTO button  314  is pressed the real-time clock interrupts are disabled at block  525 , the AUTO ON indicator  220  is deactivated at block  535  and removed from display  125 , and the Auto-State is set to ‘disabled’ at block  555 . If, however, at block  520  the state of the automatic scheduler is ‘disabled’, then at block  530  the logic reads through schedule table  400 . If there is not at least one future event defined (block  540 ) then the message “No Event” is displayed in the next event field  230  on display  125  at block  545 . If one or more future events are defined (block  540 ) then at block  550  the next event in chronological order is programmed into the real time clock  155 . Once the next event is scheduled the pertinent information is displayed at block  560  in the next event field  230 . Next the logic enables real time clock interrupts at block  570 , such that the scheduled events trigger cellular telephone functions. The automatic scheduler is then placed in an ‘enabled’ state (block  580 ) and the Auto-On indicator  220  is illuminated  590  on display  125 . 
     FIG. 6 is a flow chart  600  of how the automatic scheduler processes interrupts generated by the real time clock. At block  610  the process is initiated by the real time clock  155  generating an interrupt. This processing is only performed when the automatic scheduler is in the ‘enabled’ state. When the automatic scheduler receives an interrupt, it first polls the cellular telephone at block  620  to determine the current state of the telephone. If the telephone is in the ‘on’ state, the scheduled state which is the subject of the interrupt is deferred until the telephone returns to a state of ‘off’ or ‘stand by’. If at block  620  the telephone is not in the ‘on’ state, at block  630  the processor checks the schedule table  400  to determine the desired state according to the associated function  408 . The scheduled state can be either ‘stand by’ or ‘off’(block  640 ). If the scheduled state is ‘off’ then the logic determines at block  645  whether the current telephone state is ‘stand by’ or ‘off’. If the telephone is already off then the logic does nothing further, but if the telephone is currently in ‘stand by’ mode then at block  655  the logic sets the current telephone state to ‘off’. At block  640 , if the scheduled state is ‘stand by’, then the logic checks the telephone&#39;s current state at block  650 . If the telephone is already in ‘stand by’ mode then nothing more is done, but if the telephone is currently off then at block  660  the logic sets the telephone state to ‘stand by’, making the telephone ready to place or receive calls. 
     FIG. 7 is a flow chart of the automatic scheduler logic  700  which controller  150  follows when processing a telephone disconnect. The phone state must be ‘on’ to generate a disconnect. A disconnect is generated (block  710 ) by terminating a call. The logic first determines at block  720  whether the automatic scheduler state is disabled. If it is, then no further processing is done in this loop. If, however, the automatic scheduler is enabled, the processor then checks at block  730  whether there are any pending functions to be executed or any deferred interrupts to be processed. If either is true, then at block  740  the logic determines whether the scheduled state is ‘stand by’ or ‘off’. If the scheduled state is ‘off’ then the telephone is polled to determine its current state at block  745 . If the current state is ‘off’ then nothing more is done, but if the current state is ‘stand by’ then the current phone state is set to ‘off’ at block  755 . If at block  740  the scheduled state is ‘stand by’ then the telephone is polled at block  750  to determine its current state. If the current state is ‘stand by’ then nothing more is done, and if the current state is ‘off’ then at block  760  the telephone&#39;s current state is set to ‘stand by’, making the telephone available to place or receive calls. 
     FIG. 8 is a flow chart of the process followed to program activation table  400 . The process is initiated at block  810  when the user selects the FCN and AUTO  314  buttons on the telephone keypad  310 . In response, at block  815 , the automatic scheduler logic displays the program menu on display  125 . The use then decides at block  820  whether they wish to modify the schedule table. If they do not then the program ends. If they wish to make modifications then at block  825  the user has to decide whether they wish to modify an existing entry or create a new entry. If the user is going to modify an existing entry, first they must navigate to the desired entry at block  830  using the telephone keypad  130  to scroll up and down through the list of schedule entries. Once the desired entry is located, the user at block  840  modifies one or more features of the entry, such as whether the event occurs once or is repeated, the cycle of a repeating event, the date and/or time of the event, or the function to be executed. Once the user is satisfied with the modification(s), the changes are recorded at block  850  to the schedule table  400 , and then the user has the opportunity at block  860  to either quit or process another entry. If the user wishes to modify another entry the logic loops back to block  830  where the user navigates through the list to find the next entry to modify. Back at block  825 , if the user decides to create a new entry, the logic presents a blank entry screen at block  835 . The user then enters, at block  845 , the information required to complete a new record in the schedule table  400 , including identifying whether it is a single or repeating event, the cycle frequency if it is a repeating event, the data and time of the event, and the function to be executed. Once the user is satisfied with the data input the record is written to the schedule table  400  at block  855 . The user then has the opportunity at block  865  to create additional table entries. If the user decides to make more entries the logic loops back up to block  835  where the logic displays a new blank entry screen, otherwise the logic terminates. 
     The user is able to override the automatic scheduler at any time and activate or deactivate cellular telephone  100  using the manual switch  312 . Manual override will change the current state of the telephone  100  but will not affect subsequent operation of other programmed activities so long as the automatic scheduler remains active. As shown in FIG. 2, controller  210  is connected directly to power sources  120 ,  130  in order to allow operation of the automatic scheduler regardless of the state of the cellular telephone  100 . The automatic scheduler logic allows the user to better manage use of the power provided by main power source  115  by only activating the telephone  100  during those times calls are most likely to be sent or received via the cellular telephone  100 . It also enables the user to better control their costs by controlling air time usage. The ability to schedule the automatic initiation of future events also increases user convenience. As an example, if the user must be available as part of a call-forwarding schedule, the user can program their cellular telephone to activate and deactivate according to the schedule. This ensures both that no calls are missed by the user forgetting to activate the cellular telephone, and also that the user does not get extra calls due to their forgetting to deactivate the cellular telephone when their time to receive forwarded calls expires. 
     Additional embodiments of the present invention take advantage of advanced features of the clock  155  and cellular telephone  100 . In one such embodiment the schedule table  400  is expanded to include short messages. An interrupt generated when the time entry  402  in the schedule table  400  matches the time on the clock  155  causes an associated message (not shown) to be displayed on the telephone&#39;s display  125 . In another embodiment the alarm function of the clock is integrated in the logic of controller  150 , thereby providing alarm/remind functions to the user. In one embodiment the controller causes the cellular telephone  100  to ring at a preset time, acting as a simple alarm. When coordinated with the message display function, the alarm reminds the user to, for example, make a call and the display shows the number to be called. The user simply presses the ‘send’ key to place the call. According to the example, the function field  408  contains a value indicating it is an alarm/reminder, which the automatic scheduler logic processes by printing the associated message on the cellular telephone&#39;s display  125 . 
     It is to be understood that the above description is intended to be illustrative, and not restrictive. Many other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art upon reviewing the above description. The scope of the invention should, therefore, be determined with reference to the appended claims, along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled.