Abstract:
A process for producing hollow bolts including a longitudinal bore with the hollow bolts being provided with circumferential notches. The hollow bolts are provided with longitudinal grooves extending between elevations determining the bolt diameter, wherein circumferential notches are rolled onto the hollow bolts provided with the longitudinal grooves and the elevations, the longitudinal grooves being of such cross-section that some of the material displaced during rolling-on of the notches flows into the longitudinal grooves.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The invention relates to a hollow bolt comprising a longitudinal bore, said hollow bolt being provided with circumferential notches. 
     The hollow bolt provided with circumferential notches may be a stud bolt or a bolt with annular notches, of the kind used, for example, for latching on any plastic components provided with appropriate holes. 
     2. Description of Background Art 
     Bolts comprising a longitudinal bore, so-called hollow bolts, are frequently used in bolted connections which require subsequent adjustment of a component held by the bolt, for which purpose some adjusting connector is operated, for example using a screwdriver which is guided by the longitudinal bore in the hollow bolt. The production of such hollow bolts provided with circumferential notches is difficult if the circumferential notches, i.e. more particularly a thread, are to be rolled onto the hollow bolt. In such a case, owing to the considerable pressures that occur, the hollow bolt tends towards radial deformation, since the interior thereof, because of the longitudinal bore, lacks the necessary material for taking up the considerable pressures. For this reason, hollow bolts with rolled-on threads are produced such that, first, the thread is rolled onto a solid blank and, next, the bolt is provided with the longitudinal bore by drilling, this being an additional operation which makes the production of such hollow bolts considerably more expensive. 
     SUMMARY AND OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION 
     The object of the invention, therefore, is to create a hollow bolt comprising a longitudinal bore in which circumferential notches can be applied to the blank by rolling, without the risk of deformation of the blank provided with the longitudinal bore. The object of the invention is achieved in that the hollow bolts are provided with longitudinal grooves extending between elevations determining the bolt diameter, wherein circumferential notches are rolled onto the hollow bolts provided with the longitudinal grooves and the elevations, the longitudinal grooves being of such cross-section that some of the material displaced during rolling-on of the notches flows into the longitudinal grooves. 
     The longitudinal grooves extending along the hollow bolt, which is initially still free of the notches, give rise, during the rolling of the notches, to pressures on the deformed material of the hollow bolt, said material being able to escape into open spaces formed by the longitudinal grooves, this correspondingly reducing the pressure exerted by rolling tools and acting on the material of the hollow bolt. This pressure reduction is so great that, despite its longitudinal bore, the hollow bolt is not deformed during this operation, it being the case that the material escaping during rolling of the notches is displaced into the regions of the longitudinal grooves, this resulting virtually in threads or rings devoid of any extended interruption by the longitudinal grooves. In this regard, a short gap in the threads is usually even desirable, particularly if the thread is of the self-tapping type, because the gaps in the rolled thread give rise to edges which facilitate the tapping of the female thread. The material of the female thread can then also flow into said gaps, this additionally increasing the loosening torque of such a bolt. 
     The rolling of a thread onto a bolt which, prior to the rolling-on of the thread, has had rolled onto it helical grooves of high pitch, is in effect known from U.S. Pat. No. 2,562,516. The helical grooves, which interrupt the subsequently rolled-on thread at a plurality of points, are intended to produce cutting teeth in the thread which are intended to facilitate the tapping of a female thread by the bolt. The bolt itself is solid in form, i.e. it has no longitudinal bore. Therefore, the patent specification also contains no disclosure on how to take into consideration the particular circumstances of a hollow bolt comprising a longitudinal bore. 
     The invention relates further to a hollow bolt provided with longitudinal grooves extending between elevations determining the bolt diameter, wherein circumferential notches are rolled onto the hollow bolt provided with the longitudinal grooves and the elevations, the longitudinal grooves being of such cross-section that some of the material displaced during rolling-on of the notches flows into the longitudinal grooves. 
     The notches may be primarily a thread. Alternatively, however, it is also possible for the notches to be in the form of rings, for which there are also known applications. 
     There are various possibilities for the design of the longitudinal grooves. The longitudinal grooves may extend parallel to the axis of the hollow bolt. Alternatively, however, it is also possible for the longitudinal grooves to extend at an inclined angle to the axis of the hollow bolt. In any case, the longitudinal grooves cross the rolled-on notches, irrespective of whether said notches form a thread or rings. 
     Further scope of applicability of the present invention will become apparent from the detailed description given hereinafter. However, it should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating preferred embodiments of the invention, are given by way of illustration only, since various changes and modifications within the spirit and scope of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from this detailed description. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The present invention will become more fully understood from the detailed description given hereinbelow and the accompanying drawings which are given by way of illustration only, and thus are not limitative of the present invention, and wherein: 
         FIG. 1  shows a hollow bolt with diagonally extending longitudinal grooves, without circumferential notches; 
         FIG. 2  shows a similar hollow bolt with longitudinal grooves extending parallel to the axis thereof; 
         FIG. 3  shows a hollow bolt according to  FIG. 1  with rolled-on thread; 
         FIG. 4  shows a hollow bolt according to  FIG. 2  with rolled-on rings. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
       FIG. 1  presents the hollow bolt  1  with its shank  2  and its head  3 . The shank  2  is provided with the longitudinal grooves  4 , which extend between the elevations  5 . 
     The longitudinal elevations  5 , with their outer surface, determine the diameter of the bolt shank  2 . The hollow bolt  1  is penetrated over its entire length by the longitudinal bore  6 . As can be seen in  FIG. 1 , hollow bolt  1  has an axis A, and a flat end wall  7  formed on an end opposite to head  3 . 
     The longitudinal grooves  4 , which have cross-sections C, may be applied in any desired manner to the shank  2 , e.g. by rolling or pressing. In the course of a further production process, which will be discussed more fully hereinbelow, the thus produced hollow bolt  1  is then provided a continuous, spiral-shaped notch  15 N as presented in  FIG. 3 , and with circumferential notches  15 , as presented in  FIG. 4 . 
       FIG. 2  presents a similar design of a hollow bolt  8 , which differs from the hollow bolt  1  in  FIG. 1  in that the longitudinal grooves  9  extend axially parallel to the shank  10  of the hollow bolt  8 . 
     The hollow bolts according to  FIGS. 1 and 2  form a type of blank for the further production process of the hollow bolt according to the invention, which hollow bolt is presented in its final form in  FIGS. 3 and 4 . 
     The hollow bolt  1  presented in  FIG. 3  was created by rolling a spiral-shaped thread T extending along the length of shank  2  from near the head  3  to the end wall  7  of the hollow bolt  1  in  FIG. 1 , for which purpose a continuous, spiral-shaped thread T was rolled onto the hollow bolt  1  from  FIG. 1 , the spiral-shaped thread T forming elevated turns  11 . When the turns are being rolled, the individual turns  11  are formed from the material of the hollow bolt  1 . The continuous, spiral-shaped notch  15 N is formed between the elevated turns  11  of the spiral-shaped thread T. The spiral shaped notch  15 N has a cylinder-shaped bottom  15 C. In addition, the width  15 W of the spiral-shaped notch  15 N is greater than thicknesses  11 T of the elevated turns  11 . The elevated turns  11  winding around the shank  2  of the hollow bolt  1  and have shallow, V-shaped gaps  12 , which are spaced apart from each other on the outer edge  11 E of the elevated turns  11 . The gaps  12  are caused by the longitudinal grooves  4 , it being the case that, owing to the flow of material, the longitudinal grooves  4  contract to form V-shaped gaps  12 , that are width-reduced in a circumferential direction, and shallow in a radial direction of the hollow bolt  1 . In other words, V-shaped gaps  12  extend only part way inwardly in a radial direction toward the cylinder-shaped bottom  15 C of the spiral-shaped notch  15 N. As such, inner most portions of the V-shaped gaps  12  are separated in a radial direction from the cylinder-shaped bottom  15 C of the spiral-shaped notches  15 N. This is attributable to the fact that, during the rolling of the thread with the turns  11 , the material of the shank  2  of the bolt flows into the longitudinal grooves  4 , thereby leaving the V-shaped  12 , which are reduced in width as compared with the longitudinal grooves  4 . The wider are the longitudinal grooves  4 , the wider are the gaps  12 . In the case of particularly narrow longitudinal grooves  4 , the gaps  12  contract to such an extent that they are virtually entirely closed. The thus enabled flow of material of the shank  2  gives rise to the aforementioned reduction in the pressure of the rolling tools on the hollow bolt  1 , the consequence of which is that there is no deformation of the annular perimeter P of the bore  6  according to the surface of the end wall  7  of the bolt  1 . 
     The shank  10  of hollow bolt  8  in  FIG. 4 , which is provided with individual, rolled, circumferential notches  15 , refers back to the hollow bolt  8  presented in  FIG. 2 . Hollow bolt  8  has axially parallel longitudinal grooves  9  extending along the length of shank  10  from near the head  3  to the end wall  7  of shank  10 . During the rolling of the notches  15  around the circumference of the shank  10  presented in  FIG. 4 , the longitudinal grooves  9  resulted in individual circumferential elevations  13  which are interrupted by the V-shaped gaps  14  (similarly to the V-shaped gaps  12  in  FIG. 3 ). With regard to the creation of the gaps  14  and their impact, reference is made to the above explanatory remarks in connection with  FIG. 3 . As can be seen in  FIG. 4 , gaps  14  are spaced apart from each other on the outer edge  13 E of each of the circumferential elevations  13 . In addition, the circumferential notches  15  are circular rings R between the circumferential elevations  13 , and have cylinder-shaped bottoms  15 C. Further, the circumferential notches  15  have widths  15 W that are greater than thicknesses  13 T of the circumferential elevations  13 . 
     It may additionally be pointed out that the circumferential elevations  13  are, of course, also possible where the hollow bolt  1  is of a design according to  FIG. 1 , i.e. where the hollow bolt  1  is provided with diagonally extending longitudinal grooves  4 . 
     The invention being thus described, it will be obvious that the same may be varied in many ways. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the spirit and scope of the invention, and all such modifications as would be obvious to one skilled in the art are intended to be included within the scope of the following claims.